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+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Rollo's Museum, by Jacob Abbott.
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Rollo's Museum, by Jacob Abbott
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Rollo's Museum
+
+Author: Jacob Abbott
+
+Release Date: May 20, 2008 [EBook #25548]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROLLO'S MUSEUM ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by D Alexander and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<p class="smallgap">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h1>ROLLO&#8217;S<br />
+
+MUSEUM.</h1>
+
+<h4>BY THE</h4>
+
+<h3>AUTHOR OF ROLLO LEARNING TO TALK, TO<br />
+READ, AT WORK, AT PLAY, AT SCHOOL,<br />
+AT  VACATION, &amp;c.</h3>
+
+<p class="smallgap">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr class="small" />
+
+<p class="gap">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h3>BOSTON:<br />
+WEEKS, JORDAN,  AND  COMPANY.<br />
+1839.</h3>
+
+<hr class="large" />
+<p class="center">Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839,</p>
+<p class="center">By <span class="smcap">T. H. Carter</span>,</p>
+<p class="center">In the Clerk&#8217;s Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.</p>
+
+<p class="smallgap">&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="center">STEREOTYPED AT THE<br />
+BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY</p>
+
+<hr class="large" />
+
+<p><a name="Frontispiece" id="Frontispiece"></a></p>
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/i003.jpg" class="ispace jpg" width="500" height="331" alt="Henry made a sudden plunge after him. Page 119." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Henry made a sudden plunge after him.<a href="#Page_119"> Page 119.</a></span>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="large" />
+<h2><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table border="0" width="70%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1" summary="CONTENTS">
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">&nbsp;</td>
+<td align="right">Page</td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">THE CANAL</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#ROLLOS_MUSEUM">9</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">A FALSE ALARM</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#A_FALSE_ALARM">34</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">THE HEMLOCK-SEED</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#THE_HEMLOCK-SEED">46</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">A LITTLE LAW</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#A_LITTLE_LAW">60</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">CONFUSION</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#CONFUSION">77</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">ORGANIZATION</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#ORGANIZATION">88</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">CAUGHT,&mdash;AND GONE AGAIN</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#CAUGHT_AND_GONE_AGAIN">106</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">THE BAILMENT CASES</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#THE_BAILMENT_CASES">120</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">THE CURIOSITIES</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#THE_CURIOSITIES">136</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">THE SEA-SHORE</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#THE_SEA-SHORE">154</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">THE CLIFFS</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#THE_CLIFFS">167</a></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left">THE THREE NORTHMEN</td>
+<td align="right"><a href="#THE_THREE_NORTHMEN">179</a></td></tr>
+
+</table></div>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="ROLLOS_MUSEUM" id="ROLLOS_MUSEUM"></a>ROLLO&#8217;S MUSEUM.</h2>
+
+<h3>THE CANAL.</h3>
+
+<p>It happened one summer, when Rollo was between seven and eight years of
+age, that there was a vacation at the school which he was attending at
+that time. The vacation commenced in the latter part of August, and was
+to continue for four or five weeks. Rollo had studied pretty hard at
+school, and he complained that his eyes ached sometimes.</p>
+
+<p>The day before the vacation commenced, his father became somewhat uneasy
+about his eyes; and so he took him to a physician, to see what should be
+done for them. The physician asked Rollo a good many questions, all of
+which Rollo endeavored to answer as correctly as he could.</p>
+
+<p>At length, the physician told Rollo&#8217;s father <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>that all he needed was to
+let his eyes rest. &#8220;I think he had better not use them at all,&#8221; said he,
+&#8220;for reading or writing, for several weeks; and not to be out much in
+the hot sun.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo felt very much rejoiced at hearing this prescription, though still
+he looked very sober; for he felt somewhat awed and restrained by being
+in the doctor&#8217;s office. There were a good many large books, in cases
+upon one side of the room; and strange, uncouth-looking pictures hanging
+up, which, so far as Rollo could see, did not look like any thing at
+all. Then there was an electric machine upon a stand in one corner,
+which he was afraid might in some way &#8220;shock&#8221; him; and some
+frightful-looking surgical instruments in a little case, which was open
+upon the table in the middle of the room.</p>
+
+<p>In fact, Rollo was very glad to escape safely out of the doctor&#8217;s
+office; and he was, if possible, still more rejoiced that he had so
+light and easy a prescription. He had thought that, perhaps, the doctor
+would put something on his eyes, and bandage them up, so that he could
+not see at all; or else <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>give him some black and bitter medicines to
+take every night and morning.</p>
+
+<p>Instead of that, he said to himself, as he came out at the door, &#8220;I have
+only got to keep from studying, and that will be capital. I can play all
+the time. True, I can&#8217;t read any story books; but, then, I am willing to
+give the story books up, if I don&#8217;t have to study.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo had usually been obliged to read, or study, or write a little,
+even in vacations; for his mother said that boys could not be happy to
+play all the time. Rollo, however, thought that she was mistaken in
+this. It is true that she had sometimes allowed him to try the
+experiment for a day or two, and in such cases he had always, somehow or
+other, failed of having a pleasant time. But then he himself always
+attributed the failure to some particular difficulty or source of
+trouble, which happened to come up then, but which would not be likely
+to occur again.</p>
+
+<p>In fact, in this opinion Rollo was partly correct. For it was true that
+each day, when he failed of enjoying himself, there was some peculiar
+reason for it, and exactly <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>that reason would not be likely to exist
+another day. But then the difficulty with playing, or attempting to
+amuse one&#8217;s self all the time, is, that it produces such a state of
+mind, that almost any thing becomes a source of uneasiness or
+dissatisfaction; and something or other is likely to occur, or there
+will be something or other wanting, which makes the time pass very
+heavily along.</p>
+
+<p>It is so with men as well as boys. Men sometimes are so situated that
+they have nothing to do but to try to amuse themselves. But these men
+are generally a very unhappy class. The poorest laborer, who toils all
+day at the hardest labor, is happier than they.</p>
+
+<p>So that the physician&#8217;s prescription was, in reality, a far more
+disagreeable one than Rollo had imagined.</p>
+
+<p>When Rollo reached home, he told his mother that he was not to have any
+thing more to do with books for a month.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And you look as if you were glad of it,&#8221; said she, with a smile.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, mother, I am,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;rather glad.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;And what do you expect to do with yourself all that time?&#8221; said she.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, I don&#8217;t know,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;Perhaps I shall help Jonas, a part of
+the time, about his work.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That will be a very good plan for a part of the time,&#8221; said his mother;
+&#8220;though he is doing pretty hard work just now.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is he doing?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;He is digging a little canal in the marsh, beyond the brook, to drain
+off the water.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, I can dig,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;and I mean to go now and help him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>This was about the middle of the forenoon; and Rollo, taking a piece of
+bread for a luncheon, and a little tin dipper, to get some water with,
+to drink, out of the brook, walked along towards the great gate which
+led to the lane behind his father&#8217;s house. It was a pleasant, green
+lane, and there were rows of raspberry-bushes on each side of it, along
+by the fences. Some years before, there had been no raspberries near the
+house; but one autumn, when Jonas had a good deal of ploughing to do
+down the lane, he ploughed up the ground by the fences in this lane,
+making one furrow every time he <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>went up and down to his other work.
+Then in the spring he ploughed it again, and by this time the turf had
+rotted, and so the land had become mellow. Then Jonas went away with the
+wagon, one afternoon, about two miles, to a place where the raspberries
+were very abundant, and dug up a large number of them, and set them out
+along this lane, on both sides of it; and so, in a year or two, there
+was a great abundance of raspberries very near the house.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo stopped to eat some raspberries as he walked along. He thought
+they would do exceedingly well with his bread, to give a little variety
+to his luncheon. After he had eaten as many as he wanted, he thought he
+would gather his dipper full for Jonas, as he was busy at work, and
+could not have time to gather any for himself.</p>
+
+<p>He got his dipper full very quick, for the raspberries were thick and
+large. He thought it was an excellent plan for Jonas to plant the
+raspberry-bushes there; but then he thought it was a great deal of
+trouble to bring them all from so great a distance.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I wonder,&#8221; said he to himself, as he sat upon a log, thinking of the
+subject, &#8220;why it <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>would not have been just as well to plant raspberries
+themselves, instead of setting out the bushes. The raspberries must be
+the seeds. I mean to take some of these big ones, and try. I dare say
+they&#8217;ll grow.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But then he reflected that the spring was planting time, and he knew
+very well that raspberries would not keep till spring; and so he
+determined to ask Jonas about it. He accordingly rose up from the log,
+and walked along, carrying his dipper, very carefully, in his hand.</p>
+
+<p>At length, he reached the brook. There was a rude bridge over it made of
+two logs, placed side by side, and short boards nailed across them for a
+foot-way. It was only wide enough for persons to walk across. The cattle
+and teams always went across through the water, at a shallow place, just
+below the bridge.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo lay down upon the bridge, and looked into the water. There were
+some skippers and some whirlabouts upon the water. The skippers were
+long-legged insects, shaped somewhat like a cricket; and they stood
+tiptoe upon the surface of the water. Rollo wondered how they could keep
+up. Their <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>feet did not sink into the water at all, and every now and
+then they would give a sort of leap, and away they would shoot over the
+surface, as if it had been ice. Rollo reached his hand down and tried to
+catch one, to examine his feet; but he could not succeed. They were too
+nimble for him. He thought that, if he could only catch one, and have an
+opportunity to examine his feet, he could see how it was that he could
+stand so upon the water. Rollo was considering whether it was possible
+or not, that Jonas might make something, like the skippers&#8217; feet, for
+<i>him</i>, to put upon his feet, so that <i>he</i> might walk on the water, when
+suddenly he heard a bubbling sound in the brook, near the shore. He
+looked there, and saw some bubbles of air coming up out of the bottom,
+and rising to the top of the water. He thought this was very singular.
+It was not strange that the air should come up through the water to the
+top, for air is much lighter than water; the wonder was, how the air
+could ever get down there.</p>
+
+<p>From wondering at this extraordinary phenomenon, Rollo began to wonder
+at <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>another quite different question; that is, where all the water in
+the brook could come from. He looked at a little cascade just above the
+bridge, where the water rushed through a narrow place between two rocks,
+and watched it a few minutes, wondering that it should continue running
+so all the time, forever; and surprised also that he had never wondered
+at it before.</p>
+
+<p>He looked into the clear, transparent current, which poured steadily
+down between the rocks, and said to himself,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Strange! There it runs and runs, all the time&mdash;all day, and all night;
+all summer, and all winter; all this year, and all last year, and every
+year. Where can all the water come from?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Then he thought that he should like to follow the brook up, and find
+where it came from; but he concluded that it must be a great way to go,
+through bushes, and rocks, and marshes; and he saw at once that the
+expedition was out of the question for him.</p>
+
+<p>Just then he heard another gurgling in the water near him, and, looking
+down, he saw more bubbles coming up to the surface, very near where they
+had come up before. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>Rollo thought he would get a stick, and see if he
+could not poke up the mud, and find out what there was down there, to
+make such a bubbling. He thought that perhaps it might be some sort of
+animal blowing.</p>
+
+<p>He went off of the bridge, therefore, and began to look about for a
+stick. He had just found one, when all at once he heard a noise in the
+bushes. He looked up suddenly, not knowing what was coming, but in a
+moment saw Jonas walking along towards him.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ah, Jonas,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;are you going home?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;unless you will go for me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;what do you want me to get?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I want some fire, to burn up some brush. You can bring out the
+lantern.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Very well,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I will go; only I wish you would tell me where
+these bubbles come from out of the bottom of the brook.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What bubbles?&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo took his stick, and pushed the end of it down into the mud, and
+that made more bubbles come up.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;They are bubbles of air,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But how comes the air down there,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;under the water?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know,&#8221; said Jonas; &#8220;and besides I must not stay and talk here;
+I must go back to my work. I will talk to you about it when you come
+back.&#8221; So Jonas returned to his work, and Rollo went to the house again
+after the lantern.</p>
+
+<p>When he came back to the brook, he found that he could not make any more
+bubbles come up; but instead of that, his attention was attracted by
+some curiously colored pebbles near the shore. He put his hand down into
+the water, and took up two or three of them. He thought they were
+beautiful. Then he took his dipper, which had, all this time, been lying
+forgotten by the side of a log, on the shore, and walked along&mdash;the
+dipper full of raspberries in one hand, the lantern in the other, and
+his bright and beautiful pebbles in his pocket.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo followed the path along the banks of the brook under the trees,
+until at length he came out to the open ground where Jonas was at work.
+There was a broad meadow, or rather marsh, which extended back to <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>some
+distance from the brook, and beyond it the land rose to a hill. Just at
+the foot of this high land, at the side of the marsh farthest from the
+brook, was a pool of water, which had been standing there all summer,
+and was half full of green slime. Jonas had been at work, cutting a
+canal, or drain, from the bank of the brook back to this pool, in order
+to let the water off. The last time that Rollo had seen the marsh, it
+had been very wet, so wet that it was impossible for him to walk over
+it; it was then full of green moss, and sedgy grass, and black mire,
+with tufts of flags, brakes, and cranberry-bushes, here and there all
+over it. If any person stepped upon it, he would immediately sink in,
+except in some places, where the surface was firm enough to bear one up,
+and there the ground quivered and fluctuated under the tread, for some
+distance around, showing that it was all soft below.</p>
+
+<p>When Rollo came out in view of the marsh, he saw Jonas at work away off
+in the middle of it, not very far from the pool. So he called out to him
+in a very loud voice,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Jo&mdash;nas!&mdash;&mdash;hal&mdash;lo!&#8221;<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span></p><p>Jonas, who had been stooping down at his work, rose up at hearing this
+call, and replied to Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo asked him how he should get across to him.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, walk right along,&#8221; said Jonas; &#8220;the ground is pretty dry now. Go up
+a little farther, and you will find my canal, and then you can follow it
+directly along.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo walked on a little farther, and found the canal where it opened
+into the brook. He then began slowly and cautiously to walk along the
+side of the canal, into the marsh; and he was surprised to find how firm
+and dry the land was. He thought it was owing to Jonas&#8217;s canal.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Jonas,&#8221; said he, as he came up to where Jonas was at work, &#8220;this is an
+excellent canal; it has made the land almost dry already.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, no,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;my canal has not done any good yet.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What makes the bog so dry, then?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, it has been drying all summer, and draining off into the brook.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Draining off into the brook?&#8221; repeated Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But there is not any drain,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;at least there has not been,
+until you began to make your canal.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But the water soaks off slowly through the ground, and oozes out under
+the banks of the brook.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Does it?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas; &#8220;and the only use of my canal is to make it run off
+faster.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ah! now I know,&#8221; said Rollo, half talking to himself.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Know what?&#8221; asked Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, where all the water of the brook comes from; at least, where some
+of it comes from.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How?&#8221; said Jonas. &#8220;I don&#8217;t know what you mean.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, I could not think where all the water came from, to keep the brook
+running so fast all the time. But now I know that some of it has been
+coming all the time from this bog. Does it all come from bogs?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 23-4]</a></span></p><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/i021.jpg" class="ispace jpg" width="500" height="327" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, from bogs, and hills, and springs,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span> and from the soakings of all the land it comes through, from where it
+first begins.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Where does it first begin?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, it begins in some bog or other, perhaps; just a little dribbling
+stream oozing out from among roots and mire, and it continually grows as
+it runs.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Is that the way?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;that is the way.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>During all this time Rollo had been standing with his lantern and his
+dipper in his hands, while Jonas had continued his digging. Rollo now
+put the lantern down, and handed the dipper to Jonas, telling him that
+he had brought him some raspberries.</p>
+
+<p>Jonas seemed quite pleased with his raspberries. While he was eating
+them, Rollo asked him if a raspberry was a seed.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Jonas. &#8220;The whole raspberry is not, the seeds are <i>in</i> the
+raspberry. They are very small. When you eat a raspberry, you can feel
+the little seeds, by biting them with your teeth.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo determined to pick some seeds out, and see how they looked; but
+Jonas told him that the way to get them out was to wash them out in
+water.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Take some of these raspberries,&#8221; said he, &#8220;in the dipper to the brook,
+and pour in some water over them. Then take a stick and jam the
+raspberries all up, and stir them about, and then pour off the water,
+but keep the seeds in. Next, pour in some more water, and wash the seeds
+over again, and so on, until the seeds are all separated from the pulp,
+and left clean.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Is that the way they get raspberry seeds?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;I believe so. I never tried it myself; but I have
+heard them say that that is the way they do with raspberries, and
+strawberries, and all such fruits.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo immediately went and washed out some seeds as Jonas had directed,
+and when he came back he spread them out upon a piece of birch bark to
+dry. While they were there, Jonas let him kindle the pile of brush wood,
+which he had been intending to burn. It had been lying all summer, and
+had got very dry. In the mean time, Jonas continued digging his canal,
+and was gradually approaching the pool of water. When he had got pretty
+near the pool, he stopped digging the canal, and went to the pool
+itself. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>He rolled a pretty large log into the edge of it, for him to
+stand upon; and with his hoe he dug a trench, beginning as far in the
+pool as he could reach with his hoe, while standing upon his log, and
+working gradually out towards where he had left digging the canal. The
+bottom of the pool was very soft and slimy; but he contrived to get a
+pretty deep and wide trench out quite to the margin, and a little
+beyond.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now,&#8221; said he to Rollo, &#8220;I am going to dig the canal up to the end of
+this trench, and then the water will all run very freely.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>There was now a narrow neck of land between the end of the canal and the
+beginning of the trench; and as Jonas went on digging the canal along,
+this neck grew narrower and narrower. Rollo began to be impatient to see
+the water run. He wanted Jonas to let him hoe a little passage, so as to
+let it begin to run a little.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why not?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There are two good reasons,&#8221; he replied. &#8220;The first is, it will spoil
+my work, and the second is, it will spoil your play.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;What do you mean by that?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, if I let the water run a little now, it will flood me here, where
+I am digging, and make all muddy; and I cannot finish my canal so
+easily; so it will spoil my work. Then, besides, we want to see the
+water run in a torrent; but if I let you dig a little trench along
+across the neck, so as to let it off by degrees, you will not take half
+as much pleasure in seeing it run, as you will to wait until it is all
+ready. So it will spoil your play.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo did not reply to this, and Jonas went on digging.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Rollo, after a short pause, &#8220;I wish, Jonas, you would tell
+me how the bubbles of air get down into the mud, at the bottom of the
+brook.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It seems to me it is very extraordinary,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It is somewhat extraordinary. I have thought of another extraordinary
+phenomenon somewhat like it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is that?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;The rain,&#8221; replied Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The rain?&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;how?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, the rain,&#8221; replied Jonas, &#8220;is water coming down out of the air;
+and the bubbles are air coming up out of the water.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then it is exactly the opposite of it,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But you said it was <i>like</i> it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, and so it is,&#8221; Jonas replied.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Like it, and yet exactly opposite to it! Jonas, that is impossible.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, yes,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;the air gets down into the water, and you
+wonder how it can, when it is so much lighter than water. So water gets
+up into the air, and I wonder how it can, when it is so much heavier. So
+that the difficulty is just about the same.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;it is just about opposite.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Very well,&#8221; said Jonas. Jonas never would dispute. Whenever any body
+said any thing that he did not think was correct, he would sometimes try
+to explain it; but then, if they persisted, he would generally say &#8220;Very
+well,&#8221; and that would prevent all dispute. This is an excellent way to
+prevent <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>disputes, or to end them when they are begun.</p>
+
+<p>While Jonas was digging slowly along through the neck of land, Rollo was
+rambling about among the bushes, and at length Jonas heard a sudden
+scream from him. Jonas looked up, and saw Rollo scrambling away from a
+little thicket, and then presently stopping to look back, apparently
+frightened.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What now, Rollo?&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Here is a great hornets&#8217; nest,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>Jonas laid down his spade, and went to where Rollo was. Rollo pointed to
+a little bush, where Jonas saw, hanging to a bough, not far from the
+ground, a small hornets&#8217; nest, about as big as a common snow-ball, and
+as round. Jonas walked slowly up towards it, watching it very
+attentively, as he advanced.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O Jonas! Jonas!&#8221; exclaimed Rollo, &#8220;you&#8217;d better be careful. Jonas!
+Jonas! you&#8217;ll get stung.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Jonas paid no attention to what Rollo was saying, but still kept moving
+slowly on towards the bush. When he got pretty near, he took his knife
+out of his pocket, and advancing one step more, he took hold of the <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span>end
+of the branch with one hand, and cut it off close to the tree, with the
+other. Rollo, in the mean time, had run backwards several steps to avoid
+the danger; still, however, keeping his eyes fixed upon Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>Jonas brought the nest out of the thicket.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Jonas!&#8221; said Rollo, in a tone of strong remonstrance, &#8220;you are crazy.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There are no hornets in it,&#8221; said Jonas, quietly.</p>
+
+<p>He brought out the nest, and held it so that he and Rollo could see it.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The hornets have made it of brown paper,&#8221; said he.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Brown paper,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;Where do they get the brown paper?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, they make the brown paper too.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ho!&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;hornets can&#8217;t make paper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Think not?&#8221; said Jonas. Jonas was always careful not to contradict,
+even when he supposed that Rollo was mistaken.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo said he was <i>sure</i> that hornets could not make paper. Then Jonas
+took off a little shred from the hornets&#8217; nest, and compared it with
+some brown paper which he had in his pocket; and he explained to Rollo
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>that the hornets&#8217; nest was made of little fibres adhering to each
+other, just as the fibres of the paper did.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It is the same article,&#8221; he said, &#8220;and made of the same materials; only
+they manufacture it in a different way. So I don&#8217;t see why it is not
+proper to call it paper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;<i>I</i> don&#8217;t think it is paper,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;nothing is paper but what
+men make.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Very well,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;we won&#8217;t dispute about the name.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Jonas returned to his work, and Rollo said that he meant to carry the
+hornets&#8217; nest home, and show it to Nathan. He accordingly laid it down
+by the side of his fire, near the dipper and the raspberry seeds.</p>
+
+<p>In a short time, Jonas reduced the neck of ground, where he was digging,
+to a very narrow wall, and he called Rollo to come and see him let out
+the water. He took the shovel, and he told Rollo to take the hoe, so
+that, as soon as he should break down this wall, they could both be at
+work, digging out the passage way, so as to get it cleared as soon as
+possible.</p>
+
+<p>He accordingly began, and soon made a breach, through which the water
+rushed <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>with considerable force into the canal, and then wandered along
+rapidly towards the outlet into the brook. Rollo pulled away with his
+hoe, hauling out mud, moss, grass, and water, up upon the bank where he
+stood; and Jonas also kept at work clearing the passage with the spade.
+In a short time they had got a fine, free course for the water, and then
+they stood still, one on each side of the bank, watching the torrent as
+it poured through.</p>
+
+<p>At length, the water in the pool began to subside gradually, and then it
+did not run so fast through the canal; and pretty soon after this, Jonas
+said he thought it was time for them to go home to dinner. So Rollo put
+up his raspberry seeds in a paper, and put them into his pocket, and
+carried his hornets&#8217; nest in his hand. Jonas took the dipper and the
+lantern, and thus the boys walked along together.</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="A_FALSE_ALARM" id="A_FALSE_ALARM"></a>A FALSE ALARM.</h3>
+
+<p>As Rollo and Jonas walked along towards home, Rollo told Jonas that he
+thought he had been very successful in collecting curiosities that day.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, what curiosities have you got besides your hornets&#8217; nest?&#8221; asked
+Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, there are my raspberry seeds,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;I think they are a
+curiosity; and besides that, I have got some very beautiful, bright
+pebbles in my pocket.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Let us see them,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo put his hand into his pocket, and drew forth several pebbles;
+but they were by no means as beautiful as he had imagined. They looked
+rough and dull.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;They <i>were</i> very bright, when I got them,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That is because they were wet,&#8221; said Jonas. &#8220;Pebbles always look
+brightest and most beautiful when they are in their own proper place, in
+the brook; and that is the <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>reason why I think it is generally best to
+leave them there.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo looked at his faded pebbles with an air of disappointment. He
+asked Jonas if there was no way of keeping them bright all the time.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I think it probable that they might be oiled, and the oil would not
+dry.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ho!&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I should not like to have them oiled.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Nor I,&#8221; said Jonas; &#8220;I should rather leave them in the brook.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But is not there any other way?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;They might be varnished,&#8221; said Jonas. &#8220;That would bring out the colors;
+and the varnish would dry, so that you could handle them.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That would do,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;if I only had some varnish.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But the best way is to <i>polish</i> them,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How is that done?&#8221; asked Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, it is very hard to do,&#8221; replied Jonas. &#8220;They grind them on stones,
+and then they polish them on polishing wheels.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I wish I could do it,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It is not worth while to take so much <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>pains with any of <i>your</i>
+curiosities,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;because you very soon get tired of them, and
+throw them away.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, no,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;<i>I</i> never throw them away.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You leave them lying about the house and yard, then, and so other
+people throw them away.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo knew that this was true, and so he did not contradict Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s not of much use to collect curiosities,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;unless you
+have a museum.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;A museum?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, that is a cabinet to put them in, and keep them safe. Then, when
+you have done looking at them yourself, you put them away safely; and,
+after a time, you get a great many collected, and you take pleasure in
+looking them over from time to time, and showing them to other boys that
+come to see you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I should like to have a museum.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, <i>you</i> could not keep one,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why not?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You have not patience and perseverance <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span>enough. You would be very much
+pleased with it for a day or two; but then you would get interested in
+other plays, and let your museum all get into disorder.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo was silent. He knew that what Jonas said was true.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know but that your cousin Lucy might keep a museum,&#8221; said
+Jonas; &#8220;she is more careful than you are.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And cousin James could help us find the curiosities,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So he could,&#8221; said Jonas. &#8220;I think it might be a very good plan.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But what shall we have for our cabinet to put them in?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, sometimes they have something like a book-case,&#8221; replied Jonas,
+&#8220;with shelves and glass doors. Then the curiosities are all put upon the
+shelves, and you can see them through the glass doors. But this can only
+be done with very valuable curiosities.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why?&#8221; asked Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Because such a case, with glass doors, costs a good deal of money; and
+it is not worth while to pay so much money only to keep common things,
+such as your pebble stones.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;But we have got such a book-case, already made; it is in mother&#8217;s
+chamber,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas; &#8220;but it is full of books. Sometimes they keep a
+museum in the drawers of a bureau; but that is not a very good plan.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why not?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Because, when you open and shut the drawers, it joggles the curiosities
+about.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Does it?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; replied Jonas. &#8220;But there is one thing you can do&mdash;I did not
+think of it before. There is a good large box in the barn, and I can put
+some shelves into it, and make the cover into a door; and if you want to
+collect a museum, you can do it in that. You can keep it out in the play
+room, and so it will not trouble any body in the house.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Jonas meant, by <i>the play room</i>, a pretty large room, in the barn, made
+originally for a sort of granary, but which the children were accustomed
+to use for a play room.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo was very much pleased with this plan. He determined to collect a
+museum, and to put his hornets&#8217; nest in it for the first thing. As soon
+as he got home, as he found <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>that dinner was not quite ready, he and
+Jonas went out into the barn to look at the box. It was a large box,
+which had been made to pack up a bureau in, so that the bureau should
+not get injured in the wagon which it was brought home in. As it
+happened, the box was smooth inside and out, and the cover of it was
+made of two boards, which Jonas had taken off carefully, when he took
+the bureau out, and had then tacked them on again; thinking that he
+might perhaps want it some time or other,&mdash;box, covers, and all.</p>
+
+<p>Now it happened, as it generally does to persons who take care of
+things, that the article which Jonas thus preserved, came into use
+exactly. The box, he said, would be just the thing. He showed Rollo how
+he could place it so that it would make a convenient sort of cabinet.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I can put it upon its end,&#8221; said he, &#8220;and then I can put on the two
+cover boards with hinges,&mdash;one pair of hinges on each side; then the
+covers will make little doors, and it will open like a book case, only
+it will not be quite so elegant.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I think it will be very elegant indeed,&#8221; <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>said Rollo; &#8220;and you can make
+it for us this afternoon.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Jonas; &#8220;not this afternoon.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why not?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, I must attend to my work in the meadow.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, no,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;I mean to ask my father to let you make it this
+afternoon.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No; I&#8217;d rather you wouldn&#8217;t,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why not?&#8221; asked Rollo. &#8220;I know he will let you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, I suppose he would let me, if you were to ask him; but that would
+spoil the museum.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Spoil it?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas. &#8220;The way to spoil any pleasure is to neglect duty for
+the sake of it. Work first, and play afterwards. That&#8217;s the rule.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, but, Jonas, we want to begin our museum this afternoon.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Very well,&#8221; said Jonas; &#8220;you may begin collecting your curiosities, you
+know; and you can put them all in a safe place, and have them all ready
+to put in when I get the case made.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></span></p><p>Rollo did not quite like this plan; but he knew that Jonas was always
+firm when it was a question of right and wrong, and so he said no more;
+only, after a moment&#8217;s pause, he asked Jonas when he <i>would</i> make the
+cabinet.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The first rainy day,&#8221; replied Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then I hope it will rain to-morrow,&#8221; said Rollo; and he went out of the
+barn to see if it was not cloudy. But the sun shone bright, and the sky
+was clear and serene.</p>
+
+<hr class="medium" />
+
+<p>While Rollo was looking up at the sky, trying to find some appearance of
+rain, he heard a chaise coming, and looking out into the road, he saw
+that his cousin James was in it.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ah,&#8221; said he to himself, &#8220;there comes cousin James! Now I will have a
+frolic with him, by means of my hornets&#8217; nest.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo ran into the garden, and slyly fixed his hornets&#8217; nest up in a
+lilac bush; and then ran out to the front of the house to find his
+cousin. But his cousin was nowhere to be found. The chaise was at the
+door, the horse being fastened to a post; but <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></span>nobody was near it. So
+Rollo went into the house to see if he could find James.</p>
+
+<p>They told him in the house that James had gone through the house into
+the yard, in pursuit of Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo then ran out again, and at length found James, and after talking
+with him a minute, he said,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Come, James, let us go into the garden.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So they walked along towards the garden, Rollo telling James, by the
+way, about the canal which Jonas had made that day. At length, when they
+reached the lilac bush, Rollo looked up, and started in pretended
+fright, saying,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O James! look there!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O!&#8221; exclaimed James; &#8220;it is a hornets&#8217; nest.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So &#8217;tis,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;run! run!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>James and Rollo started off at these words, and away they ran down the
+alley, Rollo convulsed with laughter at the success of his stratagem. At
+length they stopped.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now, how shall we get back?&#8221; said James. For the lilac, upon which
+Rollo had put the hornets&#8217; nest, was close to the garden gate.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;I am not afraid to go,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo walked along boldly; James following slowly and with a timid
+air, remonstrating with Rollo for his temerity.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Rollo!&#8221; said he, &#8220;Rollo! take care. You had better not go.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But what was his surprise and astonishment at seeing Rollo go
+deliberately up to the bush, and take down the twig that had the
+hornets&#8217; nest attached to it, and hold it out towards him!</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I put it up there,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;There are no hornets in it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Still, James was somewhat afraid. He knew of course, now, that there
+could be no hornets in it; but, still, the association of the idea of
+danger was so strong with the sight of a hornets&#8217; nest, that he could
+not feel quite easy. At length, however, he came up near to it, and
+examined it attentively.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What made you frighten me so, Rollo?&#8221; said he.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, only for fun,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But you deceived me,&#8221; said James; &#8220;and I don&#8217;t think that that was
+right. It is never right to deceive.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, I only did it for fun,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></span></p><p>James insisted upon it that it was wrong, and Rollo that it was not
+wrong; and finally they concluded to leave it to Jonas. So they both
+went to him, and told him the story.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Wasn&#8217;t it wrong?&#8221; asked James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It wasn&#8217;t&mdash;was it?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It was deception,&#8221; added James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But it was only in fun,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;One or the other of you must be to blame,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How?&#8221; asked Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, James seems displeased with you for frightening him so; and now,
+either you must have done wrong, and given him just cause for his
+displeasure, or else, if you did right, then his displeasure is
+unreasonable, and so it is ill humor.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The boys did not answer.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So that the question is, Did Rollo do wrong? or, Is James out of
+humor?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, I think deception is always wrong,&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Did you ever play blind-man&#8217;s-buff?&#8221; asked Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; replied James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And did you ever go and squeak in a <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></span>corner, and then creep away, to
+make the blind man think you were there, and so go groping after you?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, yes,&#8221; said James; &#8220;but that is not deception.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, don&#8217;t you try to make the blind man think you are in the corner,
+when, in fact, you have gone?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And is not that trying to deceive him?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes&mdash;&#8221; said James, hesitating, &#8220;but,&mdash;I think that that is a very
+different thing.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How is it different?&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>It is probable that James would have found some difficulty in answering
+this question; but, in fact, he did not have the opportunity to try,
+for, just then, he heard some one calling him, and he and Rollo went
+into the house. They wanted him to go, and so he got into the chaise and
+rode away, promising to come and see Rollo in the afternoon, if he could
+get permission. Soon after this, Rollo sat down, with the rest of the
+family, to dinner. He determined to commence in earnest the work of
+collecting curiosities that afternoon.</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="THE_HEMLOCK-SEED" id="THE_HEMLOCK-SEED"></a>THE HEMLOCK-SEED.</h3>
+
+<p>James came to play with Rollo that afternoon, and Rollo explained to him
+his plan of collecting a museum of curiosities. James was very much
+interested in it indeed, and he said that he had some shells and some
+Guinea peas at home, which he would put into it.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo went to show him the box out of which Jonas was going to make the
+cabinet the first rainy day. Then the boys went out again to see if
+there were yet any signs of a storm. But they looked in vain. There were
+no clouds to be seen, except here and there a few of those white, fleecy
+tufts floating in the heavens, which indicate fair weather rather than
+rain.</p>
+
+<p>The boys played together in the yard for some time. Among other things,
+they amused themselves by collecting some flowers, and pressing them in
+a book. Suddenly James said,</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;O Rollo, let us go and get some blue-bells to press; they will be
+beautiful.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Where?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Among the rocks by the road, beyond the bridge,&#8221; said James. &#8220;There are
+plenty of them among those rocks.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The place which James referred to, was a rocky precipice by the road
+side, about a quarter of a mile from the house; just at the entrance of
+a small village. Rollo approved of the proposal, and he went in and
+asked his mother&#8217;s permission to go.</p>
+
+<p>She consented, and Rollo, when he came back through the kitchen, said to
+Dorothy, who was sitting at the window, sewing,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Dorothy, we are going to get some blue-bells to press.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ah!&#8221; said Dorothy. &#8220;Where are you going for them?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, out by the bridge,&#8221; said Rollo, as he passed on to go out at the
+door.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O Rollo!&#8221; said she, calling out to him suddenly, as if she recollected
+something; &#8220;stop a minute.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo came back to hear what she had to say.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You are going pretty near the village.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And could you be so kind as to do an errand for me?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;what is it?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Then Dorothy went to her work-table, and began to open it, saying all
+the time,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I want you to get some medicine for Sarah, for she is sick.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Sarah was a friend of Dorothy&#8217;s, who lived at another house, not far
+from Rollo&#8217;s; and Rollo used sometimes to see her at his father&#8217;s, when
+she came over to see Dorothy. She was in very feeble health, and now
+wanted some medicines. Dorothy had been over at the house where she
+lived that day, and had found that the doctor had left her a
+prescription; but she had nobody to send for it, and she was not quite
+able to go herself. So Dorothy told her that if she would let her have
+the money, she would ask Rollo or Jonas to go.</p>
+
+<p>So Sarah gave her a dollar bill, and in order to keep it safe, she put
+it in a little morocco wallet, and tied it up securely with a string.
+This wallet was what Dorothy was looking for, in her work-table. She
+took it out, and untied the string. She <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></span>opened the wallet, and showed
+Rollo the money in one of the pockets, and a small piece of white paper,
+upon which was written the names of the medicines which the doctor
+wished Sarah to take. Such a writing is called a <i>prescription</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo looked at the prescription to see what sort of medicines it was
+that he was to get, but he could not read it. The words were short and
+strange, and had periods at the end of them,&mdash;which Rollo told Dorothy
+was wrong, as periods ought to be only at the end of a sentence. Then
+there were strange characters and marks at the ends of the lines; and
+Rollo, after examining it attentively, said he could not read a word of
+it, and he did not believe that the apothecary could. However, he said
+he was willing to take it to him, and let him try.</p>
+
+<p>He accordingly put the prescription back again carefully into the
+wallet, and Dorothy tied it up. Then he put it into his pocket, and went
+out to James. He found James waiting by the gate, and they both walked
+along together.</p>
+
+<p>He and James had each a book to put their blue-bells in. They walked
+along, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></span>talking about their flowers, until at length they reached the
+bridge. Just beyond it was the rocky precipice, with shrubs and
+evergreens growing upon the shelves and in the crevices, and spaces
+between the rocks. It towered up pretty high above the road, and the
+declivity extended also down to the brook below the bridge, forming one
+side of the deep ravine across which the bridge was built. There was a
+very large, old hemlock-tree growing upon a small piece of level ground
+between the ravine and the higher part of the precipice. Under this
+hemlock-tree was a large, smooth, flat stone, where the boys used very
+often to come and sit, when they came to play among these rocks.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51-2]</a></span></p><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/i048.jpg" class="ispace jpg" width="500" height="319" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The boys rambled about among the rocks, sometimes down in the ravine and
+near the brook, and sometimes very high up among the rocks. They were
+both pretty good climbers, and there were no very dangerous places, for
+there were no high, perpendicular precipices. They found blue-bells in
+abundance, and several other flowers. They also found a variety of
+brakes, of different forms and colors. They determined to gather as many
+flowers as they could, and then go<span class='pagenum'>[Pg 53]</span>down to the hemlock-tree, and there look them over, and select those
+best to be pressed; and then put them carefully into their books there.
+Then they could carry them home safely; they would, in fact, be in press
+all the way.</p>
+
+<p>After rambling and climbing about for half an hour, the boys went down
+to the flat rock, under the hemlock, with large bunches of plants and
+flowers in their hands. Here they sat another half hour, looking over
+their specimens, and putting them into their books. At length, Rollo
+picked up a singular-looking thing, which was lying down by the side of
+the stone under the tree. It was about as big as his thumb, and somewhat
+pointed at the ends. It was black, and rather glossy, and the surface
+was marked regularly with little ridges. James could not imagine what it
+was; but Rollo told him that he thought it must be a hemlock-seed. The
+truth was, that it was a great <i>chrysalis</i>, though Rollo did not find it
+out till long afterwards.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;A hemlock-seed!&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;I have seen the cones which grow on fir-trees, and
+they are a good deal like this.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'>[Pg 54]</span>&#8220;But they are not so handsome,&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I know it,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;they are not so handsome. This is the most
+beautiful one I ever saw.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;We can plant it,&#8221; said James, &#8220;next spring.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;and then we can have a great hemlock-tree near our
+house.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But we shall have to wait a great many years,&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, no, not a great many,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;It is such a great seed, I think
+it would grow pretty fast.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But James did not like the idea of planting it very well. He proposed
+that they should keep it, for a curiosity, in their museum. Rollo
+insisted, at first, upon planting it; but at length, reflecting that it
+was not then the right season to plant it, he concluded to put it into
+the museum, with his raspberry-seeds, until the next spring, and to
+plant it then.</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo put the hemlock-seed into his pocket, and he and James took
+their books under their arms, with a great many flowers and plants
+carefully placed between the leaves, and walked along towards the
+village. <span class='pagenum'>[Pg 55]</span>When they arrived at the apothecary&#8217;s, Rollo put his book down
+upon the counter, and then took the wallet from his pocket, and untied
+the string, and took the prescription out, and handed it to the
+apothecary. The apothecary was talking with another man, at the time;
+but he took the prescription, and Rollo watched his countenance to see
+how perplexed and puzzled he would look, when he tried to read it.
+Instead, however, of appearing perplexed and puzzled, the apothecary
+only glanced his eye over it, and laid it down upon the counter, and
+immediately began to look upon his shelves to find the articles.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s strange!&#8221; said Rollo to himself. &#8220;He reads it as easily as I
+should a guide board.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>While the apothecary was weighing out his medicines, Rollo was very much
+interested in looking at the little pair of scales in which he weighed
+them. Rollo never had seen so small a pair of scales. The weights, too,
+were small, square weights of brass, with little figures stamped upon
+them. He asked the apothecary what such scales as those would cost. He
+answered that they were <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></span>of various prices, from one dollar to five.
+Rollo thought that that was too much for him to give; but while he was
+thinking whether his father would probably be willing to let him have a
+dollar to buy a pair with, James said that he wished <i>he</i> had such a
+pair of scales.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So do I,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;then we could play keep store. We could have our
+store out in the play room, and weigh things.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So we could,&#8221; said James. &#8220;We could put a long board upon two barrels
+for a counter.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, you must <i>make</i> your scales, boys,&#8221; said the apothecary.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How can we make them?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, you can get a good, stout knitting-needle for a beam. Tie a silk
+thread around the middle of it to hold it up by, and slip it along until
+you get it so that the needle will exactly balance. Then for scales, you
+must cut out two round pieces of thin pasteboard. Then take three
+threads for each scale, and run them through the pasteboard, near the
+edge, and at equal distances from each other. You must tie knots at the
+lower ends of the threads to keep them from drawing through. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></span>Then you
+must gather the other ends of the threads together, about half a foot
+from the pasteboard, and tie them to the ends of the knitting-needle,
+one on each side; and that will make a very respectable pair of scales
+for you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But what shall we do for weights?&#8221; asked Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, weights!&mdash;yes, you must have some weights. You must make them of
+lead. I will show you how.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So the apothecary took a small piece of sheet lead, rather thin, and cut
+off a little square of it. He then put it into one of his scale
+balances, and put a thin, square weight of brass, similar to it, into
+the other scale. The lead weight was a little too heavy. He then clipped
+off a very little with his scissors. This made it about right. Then,
+with the point of his scissors, he scratched a figure 1 upon it.
+&#8220;There,&#8221; said he, &#8220;boys, there is a standard for you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is a standard?&#8221; said Rollo, taking up the weight.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, it is a weight made exactly correct, for you to keep, and make
+yours by. It is a <i>one-grain</i> weight. I will give you <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></span>some sheet lead,
+and when you get home and have made your scales, you can cut off another
+piece, and weigh it by that, and so you will have two one-grain weights.
+Then you can put those two into one scale, and a piece of lead as big as
+both of them into the other scale, and when you have made it exactly as
+heavy as both of the others, you must mark a figure 2 upon it, and then
+you will have a <i>two-grain</i> weight. In the same way you can make a
+<i>five-grain</i> weight, and a <i>ten-grain</i> weight, and a pennyweight.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is a pennyweight?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It is a weight as heavy as twenty-four grains.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The pennyweight will be very big, then,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said the apothecary; &#8220;but you can take a little strip of lead
+like a ribbon, and then roll it up, when you have made it just heavy
+enough, and then it will not take up much room. So you can make another
+roll for two pennyweights, and another for five pennyweights, and
+another for ten pennyweights.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;And another for twenty pennyweights,&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes; only twenty pennyweights make an ounce. So you will call that an
+<i>ounce</i> weight. But you cannot weigh more than an ounce, I should think,
+in your knitting-needle scales.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>By this time the apothecary had put up the medicines, and he gave them
+to Rollo. There was a middle-sized parcel, and a very small parcel, and
+small, round box. Rollo put them all into the pocket of his pantaloons.
+Then he opened his wallet, and took out the bill, and gave it to the
+apothecary. The apothecary handed him the change. It was half a dollar,
+and one small piece of silver besides. Rollo put the change back into
+the wallet, and tied it up just as it had been before, and then crowded
+the wallet back into his pocket, by the side of the parcels which the
+apothecary had given him.</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="A_LITTLE_LAW" id="A_LITTLE_LAW"></a>A LITTLE LAW.</h3>
+
+<p>That evening, when Rollo&#8217;s father came home, he went out at the door
+leading to the garden yard, and looked into the yard to see if Rollo was
+there. He was not to be seen.</p>
+
+<p>His father then took the bell which always hung in the entry, and began
+to ring it at the door. This bell was the one that was rung for
+breakfast, dinner, and supper; and when Rollo was out, they generally
+called him in, by ringing it at the door.</p>
+
+<p>While Rollo&#8217;s father was ringing the bell, Dorothy opened the door which
+led from the kitchen into the entry, and said to Rollo&#8217;s father,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Are you ringing for Rollo, sir?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; he replied.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;He has gone to the village,&#8221; said Dorothy. &#8220;He has gone back to look
+for a pocket-book, which he dropped, coming home, or else left at the
+apothecary&#8217;s.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;A pocket-book?&#8221; said his father, with surprise.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; said Dorothy. &#8220;He went to get some medicine for Sarah, and,
+when he came home, the pocket-book was missing.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Was there any money in it?&#8221; said he.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; replied Dorothy.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How much?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know, sir, how much.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo&#8217;s father then put the bell back into its place, and walked again
+into the parlor. He was afraid that there was a good deal of money in
+the pocket-book, and that it was all lost.</p>
+
+<p>He, however, went on attending to his own business, until by and by he
+heard Rollo&#8217;s voice in the kitchen. He called him in. Rollo and James
+came in together.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Have you found the pocket-book?&#8221; asked Mr. Holiday.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, sir,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;I have looked all along the road, and inquired
+at the apothecary&#8217;s; but I can&#8217;t find any thing of it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, now, I want you to tell me the whole story; and especially, if
+you have done wrong about it, in any way, don&#8217;t attempt to smooth and
+gloss it over, but tell <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></span>me that part more plainly and distinctly and
+fully than any other.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, sir,&#8221; said Rollo, with a very serious air, &#8220;I will.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;We went to the apothecary&#8217;s to get some medicines for Sarah. When I was
+there, I put the change in the wallet, and put the wallet in this
+pocket.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It was a wallet, then,&#8221; said his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; replied Rollo, &#8220;a wallet, or a small pocket-book. I suppose now,
+that it would have been better to have put it in some other pocket;
+because that was pretty full. So in that, I suppose, I did wrong. Then
+James and I came home, only we did not walk along directly; we played
+about a little from one side of the road to the other, and then we went
+under the great hemlock-tree, to see if we could not find another
+hemlock-seed.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Another hemlock-seed?&#8221; said his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;I suppose it is a hemlock-seed.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What was it? a sort of a cone?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;with ridges upon it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Now it is true that pines, firs, and other evergreens bear a sort of
+cone, which contains <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></span>their seed; and Rollo&#8217;s father thought, from
+Rollo&#8217;s description, that it was one of these cones which Rollo had
+found. In fact, the cone was somewhat similar in shape, though, if he
+had shown it to his father, he would have known immediately that it was
+a very different thing. Rollo put his hand into his pocket to show the
+supposed hemlock-seed to his father, but it was not there. He had left
+it out in the play room.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Very well,&#8221; said his father, &#8220;I don&#8217;t know that I ever saw the cone of
+the hemlock; but, very probably, this is one of them. But go on, about
+the pocket-book.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, sir,&mdash;when we got home, I took out the medicines, but the
+pocket-book was nowhere to be found; and I have been back with James,
+and we have looked all along the road, and under the hemlock-tree, and
+we have inquired at the apothecary&#8217;s; but we cannot find it any where.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How much money was there in the wallet?&#8221; said his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Half a dollar, and a little more,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo&#8217;s father felt somewhat relieved at finding that the loss was,
+after all, not very <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></span>large. He placed confidence in Rollo&#8217;s account of
+the facts, and having thus ascertained how the case stood, he began to
+consider what was to be done.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It is a case of bailment,&#8221; said he to Rollo, &#8220;and the question is,
+whether you are liable.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;A case of <i>what</i>?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Bailment,&#8221; said his father. &#8220;When one person intrusts another with his
+property for any purpose, it is called <i>bailing</i> it to him. The wallet
+and the money were bailed to you. The law relating to such transactions
+is called <i>the law of bailment</i>. And the question is, whether, according
+to the law of bailment, you ought to pay for this loss.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo seemed surprised at such a serious and legal view of the subject
+being taken; he waited, however, to hear what more his father had to
+say.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t suppose,&#8221; continued his father, &#8220;that Sarah will commence an
+action against you; but law is generally justice, and to know what we
+ought to do in cases like this, it is generally best to inquire what the
+law requires us to do.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, sir,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;and how is it?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Why, you see,&#8221; said his father, &#8220;there are various kinds of bailments.
+A thing may be bailed to you for <i>your</i> benefit; as, for instance, if
+James were to lend you his knife, the knife would be a bailment to you
+for your benefit. But if he were to ask you to carry his knife somewhere
+to be mended, and you should take it, then it would be a bailment to you
+for <i>his</i> benefit.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, sir, I took the wallet for Sarah&#8217;s benefit, not mine,&#8221; said
+Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The law requires,&#8221; continued his father, &#8220;that you should take greater
+care of any thing, if it is bailed to you for <i>your</i> benefit, than it
+does if it is for the benefit of the bailor. For instance, if you were
+to borrow James&#8217;s knife for your own benefit, and were to lose it, even
+without any special carelessness, you ought to get him another; for it
+was solely for your advantage, that you took it, and so it ought to be
+at your risk. But if he asked you to take the knife to get it mended for
+<i>his</i> benefit; then, if you accidentally lose it, without any particular
+carelessness, you ought not to pay for it; for it was placed in your
+hands for his <i>advantage</i>, and so it ought to be at his <i>risk</i>.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;the wallet was given to me for Sarah&#8217;s advantage,
+not mine; and so I ought not to pay for it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That depends upon whether it was lost through gross carelessness, or
+not. For when any thing is bailed to you for the benefit of the owner,
+if it is lost or injured through <i>gross carelessness</i>, then the law
+makes you liable. As, for instance, suppose you take James&#8217;s knife to
+get it mended, and on your way you throw it over the fence among the
+grass, and then cannot find it, you ought to pay for it; for you were
+bound to take good ordinary care of it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, sir,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; repeated his father, &#8220;now as this property was bailed to you
+solely for the advantage of the bailor, the question whether you ought
+to pay for the loss of it, depends on whether you was grossly careless,
+or not. If you took good ordinary care, and it was lost by accident,
+then you are not liable.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, father, I think it was accident; I do, truly.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I rather think so myself,&#8221; said his father, with a smile, &#8220;and I am
+inclined to think that you are not responsible. If any body <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></span>asks a boy
+like you to carry money for them, gratuitously, then they take
+themselves the ordinary risks of such a conveyance, and I think that, on
+the whole, this accident comes within the ordinary risks. There was not
+such gross carelessness as to make you liable. But then I am very sorry
+to have Sarah lose her money.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So am I,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;And the wallet is gone too.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How good a wallet was it?&#8221; asked his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, pretty good; only it was considerably worn.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Haven&#8217;t you got one that is pretty much the same, that you don&#8217;t care a
+great deal about?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;it is in my desk. I had as lief that she would
+have it as not.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Very well,&#8221; said his father; &#8220;you give her your wallet, and I will
+replace the money.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo went to his desk, and soon came back, bringing his little
+wallet. He unfastened its steel clasp, and opened the wallet, and took
+out some little pictures which he had treasured up there, and some small
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></span>pieces of white paper, which he said were marks. They were to put into
+his books to keep the place, when he was reading. He had got quite a
+quantity of them all prepared for use. When Rollo had got his wallet
+ready, his father took out half a dollar from his pocket, and also
+another small silver coin, about as large as Rollo said the one was,
+which was lost; and then sent Rollo to carry it to Dorothy.</p>
+
+<p>In a few minutes, Rollo came back with the money in his hand, and said,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;She won&#8217;t take it. She said I must bring it back. It was as much as I
+could do to get her to take the wallet.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But she <i>must</i> take it,&#8221; replied his father. &#8220;You carry it to her
+again, and tell her she has nothing to do with the business. The money
+is for Sarah, and she must not refuse it, but take it and give it to her
+the first opportunity.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo carried the money again to Dorothy. She received it this time,
+and put it in the wallet, and then deposited both in a safe place in her
+work-table. Then Rollo came back to his father to ask him a little more
+about bailments.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Father,&#8221; said Rollo, when he came back, &#8220;if James should give me his
+knife, or any thing, for my own, would that be a bailment?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said his father. &#8220;A bailment is only where property is intrusted
+to another, for a certain purpose, to be returned again to the
+possession of the owner, when the purpose is accomplished. For instance,
+when Jonas is sawing wood with my saw, the saw is a bailment from me to
+him; it remains my property; but he is to use it for a specific purpose,
+and then return it to my possession.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;He does not bring it back to you,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, but he hangs it up in its place in my shed, which is putting it
+again in my possession. And so all the things which Dorothy uses in the
+kitchen are bailments.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And if she breaks them, must she pay for them?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, not unless she is grossly careless. If she exercises good ordinary
+care, such as prudent persons exercise about their own things, then she
+is not liable, because she is using them mainly for my benefit, and of
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></span>course it must be at my risk. But if Sarah should come and borrow a
+pitcher to carry some milk home in, and should let it fall and break it
+by the way, even if it was not gross carelessness, she ought to pay for
+it; that is, the person that sent her ought to pay for it, for it was
+bailed to her for her benefit alone; and therefore it was at her risk.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I should not think you would make her pay for it,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, I certainly should not. I am only telling what I should have a
+right to do if I chose.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Sometimes a thing is bailed to a person,&#8221; continued Rollo&#8217;s father,
+&#8220;for the benefit of both persons, the bailor and the bailee.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The bailee?&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, the bailee is the person the thing is bailed to. For instance, if
+I leave my watch at the watchmaker&#8217;s to be mended, and I am going to pay
+him for it, in that case you see it is for his advantage and mine too.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And then, if it is lost, must he pay for it?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes; unless he takes <i>good</i> care of it. If it is for his benefit alone,
+then he must <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></span>take <i>special</i> care of it, or else he is liable for the
+loss of it. If it is for my benefit alone, then he must take <i>ordinary</i>
+care of it. For instance, suppose I had a very superior repeater watch,
+which the watchmaker should come and borrow of me, in order to see the
+construction of it. Then suppose I should leave another watch of
+mine,&mdash;a <i>lever</i>,&mdash;at his shop to be repaired. Suppose also I should
+have a third watch, a lady&#8217;s watch, which I had just bought somewhere,
+and I should ask him to be kind enough to keep it for me, a day or two,
+till my watch was done. These would be three different kinds of
+bailments. The <i>repeater</i> would be bailed to him for his benefit; the
+<i>lever</i> for his and mine jointly, and the <i>lady&#8217;s watch</i> for my benefit
+alone.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now, you see,&#8221; continued Rollo&#8217;s father, &#8220;that if these watches should
+get lost or injured in any way, the question whether the watchmaker
+would have to pay for them or not, would depend upon the degree of care
+it would have required to save them. For instance, if he locked them all
+up with special care, and particularly the repeater, and then the
+building were struck with <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></span>lightning and the watches all destroyed, he
+would not have to pay for any of them; for this would be an inevitable
+accident, which all his care could not guard against. It would have been
+as likely to have happened to my repeater, if I had kept it at home.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But suppose now he should hang all three watches up at his window, and
+a boy in the street should accidentally throw a stone and hit the
+window, so that the stone should go through the glass and break one of
+the watches. Now, if the repeater was the one that was hit, I should
+think the man would be bound to pay for it: because he was bound to take
+<i>very special</i> care of that, as it was borrowed for his benefit alone.
+But if it was the lady&#8217;s watch, which he had taken only as an
+accommodation to me, then he would not be obliged to pay; for, by
+hanging it up with his other watches, he took <i>ordinary</i> care of it, and
+that was all that he was obliged to take.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I should think,&#8221; said James, &#8220;that the boy would have to pay, if he
+broke the watches.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Rollo&#8217;s father; &#8220;but we have nothing to do with the boy now,
+we are only <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></span>considering the liabilities of the watchmaker.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And if it had been the lever that was broken,&#8221; asked Rollo, &#8220;what
+then?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, as to the lever,&#8221; said his father, &#8220;he was bound to take <i>good</i>
+care of it,&mdash;something more than mere ordinary care; and I don&#8217;t know
+whether the law would consider hanging watches up at a window as <i>good</i>
+care or not. It would depend upon that, I suppose. But the watches might
+be lost in another way. Suppose the watchmaker had sent the repeater
+home to me, and then, at night, had put the lever and the lady&#8217;s watch
+into a small trunk with his other watches, and carried them to his
+house, as watchmakers do sometimes. Now suppose that, when he got home,
+he put the trunk of watches down in a corner of the room; and suppose
+that there was a leak in the roof of his house, so that the water could
+come in sometimes when it rained. In the night there comes up a shower,
+and the water gets into the trunk, and rusts and spoils the watches. Now
+I think it probable that he would not have to pay for the lady&#8217;s watch,
+for he took ordinary care of that,&mdash;that <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></span>is, the same care that he was
+accustomed to take of his own watches. But he might have to pay for the
+other; for he was bound to take <i>good</i> care of that one, as it was
+partly for <i>his</i> benefit that it was bailed to him; and putting them
+where they were at all exposed to be wet, would be considered, I
+suppose, as not taking good care of them.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And so he would not have to pay for the lady&#8217;s watch, in any case,&#8221;
+said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, he would, if he did not take <i>ordinary</i> care of it; that is, if he
+was grossly negligent. For instance, if he should take all the rest of
+his watches home, and leave that in his shop upon the counter, where I
+had laid it down, and somebody should come in the night and steal it,
+then, perhaps he would be liable.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>By this time, Rollo&#8217;s father began to think that his law lecture had
+been long enough for such young students, and so he said that he would
+not tell them any more about it then. &#8220;But now,&#8221; said he, in conclusion,
+&#8220;I want you to remember what I have said, and practise according to it.
+Boys bail things to one another very often, and a great many disputes
+arise among them, because <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></span>they don&#8217;t understand the law of bailment. It
+applies to boys as well as men. It is founded on principles of justice
+and common sense, and, of course, what is just and equitable among men,
+is just and equitable among boys.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You must remember that whenever any thing belonging to one boy is
+intrusted to another in any way, if it is for the benefit of the bailee,
+if any accident happens to it, he must make it good; unless it was some
+<i>inevitable</i> accident, which could not have been prevented by the utmost
+care. If it is for the benefit of the bailor, that is, the boy who
+intrusts it, then he can&#8217;t require the other to pay for it, unless he
+was grossly negligent. And if it was for the common benefit of both,
+then if the bailee takes what may be called good care of it, he is not
+liable to pay; if he does not take good care, he is.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Here ended the lecture on the law of bailment. James soon after went
+home, and Rollo in due time went to bed. The next morning, when he got
+up and began to dress himself, he thought one of the legs of his
+pantaloons felt somewhat heavy. He put <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></span>his hand down to ascertain what
+was there, and he felt something at the bottom, between the cloth and
+the lining. It was Sarah&#8217;s pocket-book. When Rollo put it into his
+pocket, as he thought, he in reality slipped it inside of the lining,
+and it worked itself down to the bottom, as he was playing about. He
+pulled it out, and then, after he had dressed himself, he ran very
+joyfully to his father, to show it to him. His father was very glad that
+it was found, and told Rollo to carry it to Dorothy. Dorothy was very
+glad, too, for she was very sorry to have Rollo lose his own wallet, or
+his father lose his money. So she gave him back his wallet, and he
+replaced it in his desk where it was before, after giving his father
+back his money.</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="CONFUSION" id="CONFUSION"></a>CONFUSION.</h3>
+
+<p>Rollo explained his plan of collecting a museum of curiosities to his
+cousins Lucy and James, and to his sister Mary, who was a good deal
+older than he was. He also informed Henry, a playmate of his, who lived
+not a great way from his father&#8217;s house. All the children took a great
+deal of interest in the scheme, and promised to help him collect the
+curiosities.</p>
+
+<p>At length, after a few days, Rollo, to his great joy, observed one
+evening signs of an approaching storm. The wind sighed through the
+trees, and thick, hazy clouds spread themselves over the sky.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t you think it is going to rain?&#8221; said Rollo to his father, as he
+came in to tea.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know,&#8221; said his father. &#8220;Which way is the wind?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;ll go and see,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>He went out and looked at the vane <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></span>which Jonas had placed upon the top
+of the barn.</p>
+
+<p>When he came in, he told his father that the wind was east. Then his
+father said he thought it would rain, and Rollo clapped his hands with
+delight.</p>
+
+<p>And it did rain. The next morning, when Rollo awoke, he heard the storm
+driving against the window of his chamber. After breakfast, he took an
+umbrella, and went out into the barn, and found Jonas already at work
+upon the cabinet. In the course of the morning he finished it. He put
+three good shelves into it, which, together with the bottom of the box,
+made four shelves. He also put the two covers on, with hinges, so as to
+make doors of them; and put a little hasp upon the doors, outside, to
+fasten them with. He then put it up in one corner of the play room, all
+ready for the curiosities. Rollo put in his hornets&#8217; nest, his pebble
+stones, and his hemlock-seed, as he called it; and then went to the barn
+door, and began to be as eager to have it clear up, as he had been
+before to have it rain. He wanted to go out and collect some more
+curiosities.</p>
+
+<p>After a time it did clear up, and Rollo <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></span>obtained his mother&#8217;s leave to
+go and ask all the children who were going to have a share in the
+museum, to come one afternoon and begin to collect the curiosities. They
+all came&mdash;Lucy, James, and Henry. And when Rollo saw them all collected
+in the garden yard, with baskets in their hands all ready to go forth
+after curiosities, he capered about full of anticipations of delight.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now,&#8221; said Henry, &#8220;let us go down to the hemlock-tree.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;it will be better to go to the brook, where I found
+the pebbles.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I want to go and see if I can&#8217;t find another hemlock-seed,&#8221; said
+Henry.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo was, however, very unwilling to go that way, and yet Henry
+insisted upon it. Lucy listened to the dispute with a countenance
+expressive of distress and anxiety. First, she proposed to Rollo to
+yield to Henry, and then to Henry to yield to Rollo; but in vain. Henry
+said that Rollo ought to let him decide, because he was the oldest; and
+Rollo said that he himself ought to decide, because it was his museum.
+They were both wrong. Neither ought to have insisted upon having his own
+way so strenuously. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></span>At length, after quite a long and unpleasant
+altercation, Lucy proposed that they should draw lots for it. The boys
+consented.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;ll tell you a better plan than that,&#8221; said a voice above them. They
+looked up, and saw Mary sitting at the window of the chamber. She had
+been reading, but, on hearing this dispute, she had closed her book, and
+now interposed to do what she could to aid in settling it.</p>
+
+<p>When Rollo heard his sister Mary&#8217;s voice, he felt a little ashamed of
+his pertinacity. Lucy asked Mary what the plan was.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why,&#8221; said she, &#8220;in all expeditions where there are several children,
+it is very desirable to have a regent.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;A regent?&#8221; said Lucy.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;a commander, to take the lead, and decide the
+thousand little questions which are likely to occur. Unless there is
+somebody to decide them, there will be endless disputes.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Henry, &#8220;I&#8217;ll be regent.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;you must choose one. I&#8217;ll tell you how. You must
+choose the regent by ballot. Lilac leaves make good <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></span>ballots. Each one
+of you must consider who you think will be best for regent,&mdash;that is,
+who will have the most discretion and judgment, to decide wisely, and at
+the same time be mild and gentle, and amiable in manner, so as to be a
+pleasant commander. Of course, no one must vote for himself.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I don&#8217;t understand,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;What are the lilac leaves for?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;For ballots; that is, for you to write your votes upon. You can write
+on the under side of a lilac leaf with the point of a pin.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Can we?&#8221; said Lucy, with a look of curiosity and pleasure.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;you need not write the whole name. You can write the
+first letter&mdash;that will be enough. R. stands for Rollo, L. for Lucy, H.
+for Henry, J. for James, and N. for Nathan.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ho!&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;Nathan won&#8217;t do for a regent.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Perhaps not,&#8221; said Mary; &#8220;each one of you must vote for the one you
+think best. Now get your lilac leaves, and I will drop you down some
+pins.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The children ran off very eagerly to get <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></span>the leaves, and then came
+back, and Mary dropped down four pins. They each took one, and, with the
+point of it, wrote a letter upon the back of the leaf. Then Mary asked
+Nathan to carry around his cap, and let them all drop their leaves into
+it, and then bring them up to her, and she would see who was chosen.</p>
+
+<p>So Nathan, highly pleased with his office, collected the votes in his
+cap, and brought them up to his sister Mary. She looked them over as she
+sat at the window, the children all looking up from below, eagerly
+awaiting the result. At length, Mary told them that there were four
+leaves in Nathan&#8217;s cap, and that three of them had the letter L upon it.
+&#8220;So,&#8221; said she, &#8220;you see you have chosen Lucy for regent.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, I voted for Lucy,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;I thought she would be the best.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And so did I,&#8221; said James and Henry.</p>
+
+<p>Lucy looked down, and felt a little embarrassed at finding herself
+raised so suddenly to the dignity of regent; and she asked Mary what she
+was to do.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, walk along with them just as you would if you had not been chosen;
+only you <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></span>will decide all the questions that come up, such as where you
+shall go, and how long you shall stay in the different places. The
+others may give you their opinions, if you ask them; but they must let
+you decide, and they must all submit to your decisions.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, come,&#8221; said Lucy; &#8220;we&#8217;ll go down the lane first.&#8221; So she took
+hold of Thanny&#8217;s hand, and walked along, the other children following.
+They passed through the great gate, and soon disappeared from Mary&#8217;s
+view.</p>
+
+<p>They were gone two or three hours. At length, when the sun had nearly
+gone down, Mary heard voices in the front of the house. She left her
+back window, and went around to a front window to see. She found them
+returning, and all talking together with the greatest volubility. They
+had their baskets full of various commodities, and large bouquets of
+flowers and plants in their hands. They did not see Mary at the window,
+and as they all seemed to be good-natured and satisfied with their
+afternoon&#8217;s work, Mary did not speak to them; and so they passed along
+into the yard undisturbed. They proceeded immediately to the cabinet in
+the play room, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></span>and then began to take out their treasures from their
+baskets, and pockets, and handkerchiefs, and to spread them out upon the
+floor, and upon the bench. In a short time, the floor was covered with
+specimens of plants and minerals, with shells, and pebbles, and little
+papers of sand, and nuts, and birds&#8217; nests which they had found
+deserted, and all sorts of wonders. The room was filled with the sound
+of their voices; questions, calls to one another, expressions of
+delight, exclamations of surprise, or of disappointment or pleasure. It
+was all,&mdash;&#8220;James, you are treading on my flowers!&#8221; &#8220;O Lucy, Lucy, see my
+toadstool!&#8221; &#8220;O, now my prettiest shell is broken!&#8221; &#8220;Move away a little,
+Rollo&mdash;I have not got room for all my pebbles&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;Where&#8217;s my silk worm?
+now where&#8217;s my silk worm?&#8221; &#8220;O Henry, give me some of your birch bark,
+do,&#8221;&mdash;and a hundred other similar ejaculations, all uttered together.</p>
+
+<p>They soon began, one and another, to put their curiosities into the
+cabinet,&mdash;and then it was, as the old phrase is, confusion worse
+confounded. Lucy had some discretion and forbearance, and kept a little
+back, looking, however, uneasy and distressed, and attempting <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></span>in vain
+to get an opportunity to put some of her things in. The boys crowded
+around the cabinet, each attempting to put his own curiosities into the
+most conspicuous places, and arranging them over and over again,
+according as each one&#8217;s whims or fancies varied.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O dear me,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I wish you would not keep moving these pebbles
+away, Henry.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, you put them too far this way,&#8221; said Henry; &#8220;I want my shells to
+go here.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; replied Rollo, &#8220;put your shells down on the next shelf. James!
+James! take care; don&#8217;t touch that birds&#8217; nest.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, I want room for my silver stone,&#8221; said James. He had found a
+shining stone, which he called a silver stone. And thus they disputed,
+and talked loudly and vociferously, and contradicted, interrupted,
+pushed, and crowded each other. Still, they were all good-natured; that
+is, they were not angry; the difficulty only arose from their eagerness
+and their numbers,&mdash;and their disorganization.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O dear me,&#8221; said Rollo, at length, &#8220;I <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></span>wish we had a regent again; we
+got along very well, while Lucy was a regent. Let me be regent now.
+Come, Henry and James, let me be regent, and I will direct, and then we
+shall have order again.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Henry, &#8220;you have not been elected. You can&#8217;t be regent,
+unless you are chosen regularly.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Lucy said nothing, but stood behind the others in despair.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, then, let Lucy be regent; she was chosen.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I was only chosen regent for the walk,&#8221; said Lucy.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O never mind,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;let her be regent now.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But Henry was not disposed to submit to any doubtful authority. He kept
+at work putting things in, in the way that pleased him most, without any
+regard to Rollo&#8217;s proposal for prolonging Lucy&#8217;s authority. As Henry did
+not acquiesce in this proposed measure, Rollo and James seemed to think
+it was useless for them to do so, and so they went much as they had
+begun, until they <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></span>had pretty well filled up Jonas&#8217;s cabinet with a
+perfect medley of specimens, the worthy and the worthless all together.
+They were at length interrupted by the sound of the bell, calling Rollo
+in to tea; Henry then went home, and James, Lucy, and Rollo went into
+the house.</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="ORGANIZATION" id="ORGANIZATION"></a>ORGANIZATION.</h3>
+
+<p>James and Lucy staid and took tea with Rollo that evening; and, during
+tea time, Rollo&#8217;s father and mother were talking, and the boys were all
+still. At last, just before they had finished their supper, Rollo&#8217;s
+father asked them how they had got along collecting curiosities.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, we had a very good time,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;till we came to put our
+curiosities away; and then we should have had a good time if the boys
+had not pushed so, and made such a noise.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What made them do so?&#8221; asked his mother.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know, unless it was because we did not have any regent.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Any what?&#8221; said his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Any regent,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;We had Lucy for a regent while we were
+walking, and then we got along very well; but she <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></span>would not be regent
+any longer, when we got home.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo&#8217;s father and mother scarcely knew what to make of this; for they
+had never heard before of a regent in children&#8217;s plays. But as they
+looked towards Mary, and observed that she was smiling, they at once
+understood that it was one of her plans. Rollo&#8217;s father said he thought
+it was an excellent idea.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But why did not you have a regent when you were putting your things
+away, just as you had before?&#8221; he asked.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, Lucy said she was only chosen for the walk.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And so she would not serve any longer?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, sir.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That was right, Lucy. Never attempt to command without a commission.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But, Rollo,&#8221; added his father, &#8220;I should think it would be best for you
+to have some sort of organization, if you are going to attempt to do any
+thing in company. Men never think that they can accomplish any thing in
+company, without organization; and I should certainly think that
+children would not be able to.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Organization?&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;what is that?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, some plan for investing some persons with authority. There must
+always be authority to decide little questions without debate, and for
+getting the opinions of all, on great questions, regularly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;If a number of men,&#8221; he continued, &#8220;were going to form a cabinet of
+curiosities, they would form a <i>society</i>. They would choose one to be
+president, and one to be secretary, and one to be cabinet keeper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What does the president do?&#8221; asked Lucy.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The president decides who shall speak, when several want to speak at
+the same time; and so he prevents all confusion. Nobody must speak
+without his leave.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Do they have to ask him?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, in fact, they ask him, though not formally in words. They ask him
+by rising. In large meetings among men, whoever wants to speak, stands
+up, and then the president calls their name, and that is giving him
+permission to speak. If more than one stand up at a time, then he calls
+the name <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></span>of one of them, and <i>he</i> has leave to speak, and the other
+must sit down.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Which one does he call?&#8221; asked Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The one whom he happens to notice first. He must be careful not to call
+his friends more than he does other persons. He must be impartial. Then,
+besides, the president <i>puts the question</i>.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Puts the question?&#8221; asked Rollo; &#8220;what is putting the question?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, after all has been said about the plan that they want to say, the
+president asks all that are in favor of it, to hold up their hands; and
+he counts them. Then he asks all that are against it to hold up their
+hands. He counts these too. And it is decided according to the number of
+votes.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Is that the way they do?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; replied his father, &#8220;that is the way that men do; but boys all
+talk together, and dispute. If some want to play ball, and some want to
+play horses, they all talk together, and dispute; it is all,&mdash;&#8216;I say we
+will,&#8217; and &#8216;I say we won&#8217;t,&#8217;&mdash;and those that make the most noise get the
+victory.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The men&#8217;s way is the best,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;I think so myself,&#8221; replied his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And what does the secretary do?&#8221; asked Mary.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The secretary keeps the record. He writes an account of every meeting.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Does he write all that every body says?&#8221; asked Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said his father, &#8220;only the decisions.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Rollo, with a tone of satisfaction, &#8220;and the cabinet keeper
+keeps the cabinet, I suppose.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said his father, &#8220;and so all disputings about where the things
+are to be placed in the cabinet, are avoided; for he decides the whole.
+He must be a person of judgment and skill.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Jonas would be a good cabinet keeper for us,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I think you had better form a regular society, Rollo,&#8221; said Mary.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;will you belong to it?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Mary.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And we can choose our officers by lilac ballots,&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;We&#8217;ll have the first meeting to-morrow <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></span>afternoon,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;I will
+go in the morning, and ask Henry to come,&mdash;if mother will let me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<hr class="medium" />
+
+<p>His mother did let him, and the next afternoon the children all
+collected in the yard, intending to form their society, and proceed
+regularly. Mary promised to meet with them, and help them make their
+arrangements. They were to meet in the play room.</p>
+
+<p>Before the time of the meeting, Mary went in, and, with Rollo&#8217;s help,
+made some seats of boards, not far from the cabinet, so that all the
+members of the society might sit down. The children played about in the
+yard, some gathering lilac leaves for ballots, and some talking about
+the curiosities they meant to collect, until, at length, Mary came down
+and told them it was time to go and have their meeting. She had a great
+many little papers in one hand, and some pencils in the other. James
+asked her what she was going to do with those papers. She said they were
+for ballots.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, we have been getting lilac leaves for ballots,&#8221; said Lucy.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Papers are better,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;when there is a good deal of balloting
+to be done.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Then the children threw down the lilac leaves they had gathered, and
+followed Mary into the play room. They all came around the cabinet, and
+began to open it and talk about the curiosities. But Mary told them
+that, if they were going to have a society, they must not touch the
+cabinet until they had appointed a cabinet keeper&mdash;they ought all to go
+and sit down.</p>
+
+<p>So they went and sat down.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And now you must not talk at all, until the president is chosen,&#8221; said
+Mary. &#8220;You must all write upon these papers the name of the person you
+think best for president, and then bring them to me. You see,&#8221; she
+continued, as she distributed the papers around, to the other children,
+&#8220;that I am acting as president just now, until we get one chosen. That
+is the way men do. I asked father about it. He said that the oldest
+person, or one of the oldest, generally took charge of the proceedings,
+until a chairman was chosen.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;A chairman?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95-6]</a></span></p><div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/i092.jpg" class="ispace jpg" width="500" height="323" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Yes, or president; sometimes they call him a chairman.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So the children took their papers, and began to prepare for writing
+their ballots.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What shall we put our papers on, cousin Mary, to write?&#8221; said Lucy.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, you must write on the seat by the side of you,&mdash;or on this book;
+here is a book for one.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I can write on my cap,&#8221; said James; and he placed his cap upon his
+knees, and began to use that for a desk. One of the children took the
+book, and others leaned over to one side, and put their papers upon the
+seat, and prepared to write there. Some began to write very soon. Others
+looked around mysteriously, considering which one of the company would
+make the best president. Henry stood up by the great work bench, and
+made that his writing-desk; keeping a sharp look-out all the time lest
+Rollo should see what he should write. And thus the children prepared
+their votes for president.</p>
+
+<p>When the votes were all ready, the children brought them all together to
+Mary, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></span>who put them on the corner of the great bench near which she was
+standing; and the children all came up around them, to see who was
+chosen.</p>
+
+<p>But Mary gently put her hand over the votes, and told them that that was
+not the way to count votes. &#8220;You must all go and sit down again,&#8221; she
+said, &#8220;and appoint some one to count them; and then he or she must come
+alone, and look them over and tell you who is chosen.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said the children; and so they went back to their seats.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I propose that Henry count them,&#8221; said Mary.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said the children.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, let James,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That is not right, Rollo,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;because it is of very little
+consequence who counts the votes, and in societies the best way is to
+let things that are of little consequence go according to the first
+proposal. That saves time.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Henry came up, and began to look over the votes.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;They are all for Mary but one, and that is for Lucy,&#8221; said Henry.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Then cousin Mary is president,&#8221; said James, clapping his hands.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;it seems you have chosen me president; and I will be
+president for a time, until I think that some of the rest of you have
+learned how to preside, and then I shall resign, and leave you to manage
+your society yourselves. Now you must write the votes for secretary.&#8221; So
+Mary took her seat in the chair which she had provided for the
+president, and which, until this time, had been empty.</p>
+
+<p>So the children began to write votes again, and as fast as they had
+written them they brought them to Mary, and dropped them in her lap. As
+soon as each one had put in his vote, he went back and took his seat.
+When the votes were all in, Mary looked them over, and said,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There are two votes for Lucy, and one for Rollo, and one for Henry.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then Lucy is chosen secretary,&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;because she has only half. The person that is chosen
+must have more than half of all the votes. Lucy has two, and there are
+two scattering.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Scattering!&#8221; said Rollo, looking somewhat puzzled.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes; that is, for other persons.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What shall we do, then?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, you must vote again.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So the children wrote votes again, and brought them in to the president.
+She smiled as she looked them over. Then she said,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now there is a tie.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;A tie, Mary!&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;what is a tie?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, there are two votes for Rollo, and two for Lucy; that makes it
+exactly balanced, and they call that a <i>tie</i>.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And now what shall we do with the tie?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, you must vote again.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Just as the children were preparing to vote again, they heard a noise of
+footsteps at the door, and, looking up, they saw Nathan coming in. He
+had his little straw hat upon his head, and his whip in his hand. He was
+playing market-man, and wanted to know if they wished to buy any
+potatoes.</p>
+
+<p>The children all laughed. Mary said, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></span>&#8220;No, Thanny, this is a society; come, don&#8217;t you want to belong to the
+society?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Nathan; and down went his whip upon the floor, and he came
+trotting along towards Mary. Mary told him to sit down upon the seat
+next to Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>Nathan took his seat, and began to look around with an air of great
+curiosity, wondering what they were going to do; and by this time the
+votes were ready. Mary looked them over and counted them, and then said
+that they were just as they were before, two for Rollo, and two for
+Lucy.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What shall we do now?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;We must vote again,&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That won&#8217;t do any good,&#8221; said Henry.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There&#8217;s Thanny,&#8221; said Lucy; &#8220;let him vote.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;and that will break the tie.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, Thanny can&#8217;t vote,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;he can&#8217;t write a word.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;He can vote without writing,&#8221; said Mary. &#8220;Thanny, come here. Which do
+you think will make the best secretary, Rollo, or Lucy?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Why&mdash;Lucy,&#8221; said Thanny, after some hesitation.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Lucy, he says; so Lucy is chosen,&#8221; said Mary. &#8220;Now, Lucy, you must be
+secretary; but I forgot to bring out some paper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo looked a little disappointed. He had hoped to have been secretary
+himself. So when Nathan came back to his seat, he began to punch him a
+little, good-naturedly, with his thumb, saying, &#8220;<i>Me</i>&mdash;why didn&#8217;t you
+say <i>me</i>, Thanny? Hey, Thanny! Why did not you say <i>me</i>?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Just then, Mary asked Rollo to go into the house and get a sheet of
+paper for the secretary; and when he came back, Lucy asked her what she
+should write. Mary gave her the necessary directions, and then Lucy went
+to the bench, and standing there, near the president&#8217;s chair, she went
+on writing the record, while the rest of the society proceeded with
+their business. The next thing was to choose a cabinet keeper.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You may prepare your votes for cabinet keeper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I think Jonas would be the best cabinet keeper,&#8221; said Henry; &#8220;he made
+the cabinet.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;O, Jonas does not belong to the society,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But we can let him in,&#8221; said Lucy.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, he can&#8217;t belong to the society,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;he has too much work
+to do.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The fact was, that Rollo wanted to be cabinet keeper himself, and so he
+was opposed to any arrangement which would be likely to result in the
+election of Jonas. But Mary said that it was not necessary that any one
+should be a member of the society, in order to be chosen cabinet keeper.
+She said he might be chosen, if the children thought best, even if he
+was not a member. &#8220;But then,&#8221; said she, &#8220;you must consider all the
+circumstances, and vote for the one who, you honestly think, will take
+the best care of the curiosities, and arrange them best.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The children then wrote their ballots, and brought them to Mary. Mary
+asked Lucy to count them. Lucy said she had not written her vote herself
+yet.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, write it quick then,&#8221; said Mary.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I can&#8217;t think,&#8221; said Lucy, &#8220;whether I had better vote for Jonas or
+Rollo.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;you have only to <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></span>consider whether it will be best
+for the museum to be in Jonas&#8217;s hands, or in Rollo&#8217;s.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I have been thinking,&#8221; said Lucy, &#8220;that it is all Rollo&#8216;s plan, and
+his museum; and that <i>he</i> ought to be cabinet keeper, if he wants to
+be.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There is something in that,&#8221; said Mary; &#8220;though generally, in choosing
+officers, we ought to act for the good of the society, not for the good
+of the officers.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But it is <i>my</i> cabinet,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;Jonas made it for me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That may be,&#8221; said Mary; &#8220;that is, it may have been yours at the
+beginning; but when you invite us all to come and form a society, you
+give up your claim to it, and it comes to belong to the society; at any
+rate, the right to manage it belongs to the society, and we must do what
+will be best for the whole.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo did not look very much pleased at these remarks of his sister&#8217;s;
+but Lucy immediately wrote her vote, and put it with the others. She
+then examined and counted them, and immediately afterwards, she said
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></span>there were three votes for Jonas, and one for Rollo. So Jonas was
+chosen. The children did not know who wrote the vote which was given for
+Rollo; but the fact was, he wrote it himself. He wanted to be cabinet
+keeper very much indeed.</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="CAUGHT_AND_GONE_AGAIN" id="CAUGHT_AND_GONE_AGAIN"></a>CAUGHT,&mdash;AND GONE AGAIN.</h3>
+
+<p>Rollo was sadly disappointed at not being chosen cabinet keeper. Older
+and wiser persons than he have often been greatly vexed from similar
+causes. When the society meeting was ended, Mary told Lucy that she must
+tell Jonas that they had chosen him cabinet keeper, for she was
+secretary, and it was the secretary&#8217;s duty to do that. Mary then went
+into the house. The children gathered around the cabinet, and began to
+look at the things which had been put in the day before. Rollo undertook
+to arrange one of the shelves differently from what it had been; but
+Henry told him he must not touch the things, for Jonas was cabinet
+keeper, and nobody but the cabinet keeper had any right to touch the
+things.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, I am only going to change them a little,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But you have no right to touch them at all,&#8221; said Henry, pushing Rollo
+back a little.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Yes, I have,&#8221; said Rollo, standing stiffly, and resisting Henry&#8217;s push.
+&#8220;It&#8217;s <i>my</i> cabinet, and I have a right to do what I please with it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, it is not your cabinet,&#8221; said Henry; &#8220;it belongs to the society.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, it doesn&#8217;t,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It does,&#8221; said Henry.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo was wrong&mdash;and, in fact, Henry was wrong. In disputes, it almost
+always happens that both boys are wrong. Lucy stood by, looking
+distressed. She was very sorry to have any disputing about the cabinet.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, never mind, Henry,&#8221; said she; &#8220;let him move them. Jonas will put
+them all right afterwards.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I am going to keep the cabinet myself.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>This was not at all like Rollo, to be so unreasonable and angry. But
+Henry&#8217;s roughness had irritated and vexed him, and that, in connection
+with his own determination to keep the charge of his cabinet, had got
+him into a very wrong state of mind.</p>
+
+<p>Lucy did not know what to do. She walked slowly along to the door, and
+after <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></span>standing there a moment, while Rollo was at work upon the
+cabinet, she said,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, here comes Jonas, now.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>James and Henry ran to the door, and, as they saw Jonas walking up the
+lane, they ran towards him, followed by Lucy, and they all began eagerly
+to tell him about the society, and about his having been chosen cabinet
+keeper. Lucy came up to them before they had finished their account; and
+as they had all turned round when they met Jonas, they came walking
+along together towards the house. James and Henry talked very fast and
+eagerly. They told Jonas about the society, and about their having
+chosen Mary president, and Lucy secretary, and him cabinet keeper. When
+they had finished their account, Lucy added, in a desponding tone,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Only Rollo says <i>he</i> means to be cabinet keeper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Does he?&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; replied Henry. &#8220;He says you made the cabinet for him, and he
+<i>will</i> have it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, well,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;let him be cabinet <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></span>keeper; he will make a very
+good cabinet keeper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said James, &#8220;we want you to be cabinet keeper. We chose you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>They saw Rollo at the door of the barn, looking at them, but not very
+good-naturedly. When they came up, Lucy said,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Come, Rollo, let Jonas be cabinet keeper; that&#8217;s a good boy.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;it&#8217;s <i>my</i> cabinet, and I mean to keep it myself.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then we won&#8217;t help you get the curiosities,&#8221; said Henry.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t care,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And we won&#8217;t have any society,&#8221; added James,&mdash;thinking that that threat
+would compel Rollo to give up.</p>
+
+<p>But Rollo only said,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t care; I don&#8217;t want any society. I can make a museum myself.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>There is no doubt, but that many of the readers of this book will wonder
+that Rollo should have acted in this manner. And yet they themselves act
+in just such a way when they allow themselves to get out of temper. It
+is very dangerous to allow ourselves to become vexed and angry. We then
+do and <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></span>say the most unreasonable things, without being aware,
+ourselves, of their unreasonableness and folly. Rollo himself did not
+know how his conduct appeared to the other children, and how it sunk him
+in their good opinion.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo would have had a miserable time in attempting to make a collection
+of curiosities alone. He would very soon have got tired of it, and have
+abandoned the plan altogether. It happened, however, that some
+circumstances occurred to prevent the consequences that his ill humor
+and obstinacy came so near occasioning.</p>
+
+<p>Henry and James, finding that Rollo would not give up the cabinet to
+Jonas&#8217;s care, considered the plan of the society abandoned, and went to
+play in the yard. Lucy went into the house to find her cousin Mary.
+Rollo remained at the cabinet for some time, but he found it very dull
+amusement to work there alone; besides, he heard the other boys&#8217; voices
+out in the yard, and before long he began to feel a strong desire to go
+and see what they were doing. He accordingly went to the door of the
+barn. He saw that Henry and James had got a log <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></span>of wood out, and had
+placed a board across it, for a see-saw. Rollo slowly walked along
+towards them.</p>
+
+<p>Henry saw him gradually approaching, and so he whispered, or rather
+spoke in a low tone to James, saying,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Here comes Rollo, James; don&#8217;t let&#8217;s let him get on our see-saw.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But James felt in more of a forgiving mood than Henry. He did not like
+quarrelling, and he knew very well that peace-makers must be prepared to
+yield and forbear, even if they had not been themselves in the wrong. So
+he said,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, yes, Henry, let him have a ride. He may get on my end.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Rollo,&#8221; he added, calling to Rollo, as he came up, &#8220;do you want to
+see-saw? You may have my end.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo did not quite expect this gentle treatment, and it made him feel a
+little ashamed. He, however, took James&#8217;s place, but he did not feel
+quite easy there. He knew it was a place that he did not deserve. Pretty
+soon he proposed that they should all go after raspberries down the
+lane.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Henry, &#8220;and I&#8217;ll go and get my dipper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Your dipper?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Henry, &#8220;I brought a dipper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Henry then went to a wood pile which was lying in the yard, and, looking
+behind it, among the logs, he drew out a small tin dipper, and showed it
+to Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, I wish I had a dipper to carry!&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;It is better than a
+basket.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo went into the house, and presently returned bringing two small
+baskets.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;One for me?&#8221; said James, interrogatively, holding out his hand.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Give me the other,&#8221; said Henry, &#8220;and you shall have my dipper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;<i>I</i> should rather have a basket,&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I think a dipper is better. I can get some drink with
+it, if we come to any brook.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But you must give me some drink out of the dipper, if I want any,&#8221; said
+Henry&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I will.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Though I can drink without a dipper,&#8221; said Henry.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, I can get a piece of elder, and punch out the pith, and that will
+make a hollow reed; and I can draw up the water through that into my
+mouth.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>By this time, Rollo and Henry had exchanged the basket and the dipper,
+and they were all walking along together. Rollo told the boys of several
+other reasons why he would rather have the dipper on such an expedition;
+but Henry preferred the basket, and so all were satisfied.</p>
+
+<p>They went on down the lane. The berries were very thick. The boys ate a
+great many, and they filled their baskets, and the dipper besides. When
+they reached the bottom of the lane, Rollo proposed that they should go
+on, through the woods, to the brook. They liked the plan. They
+accordingly hid their baskets under the fence, heaping full of
+raspberries. Rollo said that he should take his dipper with him, so as
+to get a drink at the brook.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But you can&#8217;t use it to get a drink,&#8221; said Henry; &#8220;it is full of
+raspberries.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></span></p><p>Rollo had not thought of this difficulty. He walked slowly along, with
+the other boys, a few minutes, looking somewhat foolish; but in a moment
+he said he meant to eat his raspberries up, and then his dipper would be
+empty when he should get to the brook.</p>
+
+<p>So he began to eat them. The other boys wanted some of them, and he gave
+them some, on condition that they should help him fill up his dipper
+again, when they returned up the lane on their way home. They assented
+to this condition, and so the boys walked along, eating the raspberries
+together, in great harmony.</p>
+
+<p>They rambled about in the woods, for some time, meeting with various
+adventures, until they reached the brook. Neither of the boys were
+thirsty, not even Rollo; but still he took a drink from the brook, for
+the sake of using the dipper. He then amused himself, for some time, in
+trying to scoop up skippers and roundabouts, but without much success.
+The skippers and roundabouts have both been mentioned before. The latter
+were a sort of bugs, which had a remarkable power of whirling round and
+round <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></span>with the greatest rapidity, upon the surface of the water. While
+Rollo was endeavoring to entrap some of these animals, the other boys
+were picking up pebbles, or gathering flowers, until at length their
+attention was suddenly arrested by a loud and long exclamation of
+surprise and pleasure from Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What?&#8221; said Henry and James, looking towards Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>They saw that he was standing at the edge of the water, gazing eagerly
+into his dipper.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is it?&#8221; said the boys, running towards him.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I have caught a little fish,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>True enough, Rollo had caught a little fish. It was very small, and, as
+it had been swimming about there, Rollo had, probably more by accident
+than skill, got him into his dipper, and there he was safely imprisoned.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, what a splendid little fellow!&#8221; said Henry, crowding his head in
+between Rollo&#8217;s and James&#8217;s, over the dipper. &#8220;See his fins!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;It is a trout,&mdash;a little trout.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;See his eyes!&#8221; said James. &#8220;How he <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></span>swims about! What are you going to
+do with him, Rollo?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, I shall carry him home, and keep him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, you can&#8217;t keep him,&#8221; said James; &#8220;you have not got any pond.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Never mind,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I can keep him in a bowl in the house.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What shall you give him to eat?&#8221; said James.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Eat! fishes never eat; they only drink. I shall give him fresh water
+every day, and that will keep him alive.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;They do eat, too,&#8221; said James. &#8220;They eat bait off of the hooks when we
+fish for them.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo had forgotten this fact when he said that fishes never ate; and,
+having nothing to say in reply to it, now, he was silent, and only
+looked at his fish.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, I wish I had a fish!&#8221; said Henry. &#8220;If I had kept my dipper, now, I
+might have had one.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t believe you could have caught one,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, I could; and I believe I will take my dipper, after all, and catch
+me a fish.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;you lent me the dipper, and I lent you my basket
+instead; and now I must keep it till we get home.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Henry, &#8220;it is <i>my</i> dipper, and I only lent it to you; and I
+have a right to it whenever I want it. So you must give it to me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But Rollo was very far from being convinced that he ought to give back
+the dipper then. He had borrowed it, he said, for the whole expedition,
+and he had a right to keep it till he got home. Besides, he had a fish
+in it, and there was nothing that he could do with him, if Henry took
+away the dipper.</p>
+
+<p>But Henry said he did not think of catching a little fish in his dipper,
+when he lent it to Rollo. If he had, he should not have lent it to him.
+He only lent it to him to get raspberries in. But Rollo insisted that he
+had lent it to him for the whole expedition, and to put any thing in it
+he pleased.</p>
+
+<p>After some time spent in this discussion, Rollo finally yielded. He was,
+in fact, somewhat ashamed of the part he had taken in the former
+difficulty, and had secretly resolved to be more good-natured and
+yielding <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></span>in future. So he gave the dipper back to Henry.</p>
+
+<p>Before he did this, however, Henry said that he would be very careful
+not to lose Rollo&#8217;s fish.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I will only dip the dipper in again,&#8221; said he, &#8220;very carefully, to
+catch another fish, without letting yours get out. Then we can carry
+both to your house, and put yours in the bowl; and then I can carry mine
+home in the dipper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo gave the dipper back to Henry, though very reluctantly.</p>
+
+<p>Henry carried it carefully down to the bank of the brook. He stood upon
+a little sloping shore of sand and pebbles, and began to watch for the
+little minnows which were swimming about in the deep places. He immersed
+his dipper partially in the water, being very careful not to plunge it
+in entirely, lest Rollo&#8217;s fish should escape. Whenever he made an
+attempt, however, to catch a fish, he was obliged to plunge it in; but
+he did it very quick, so as not to give the prisoner, already taken,
+time to escape.</p>
+
+<p>At last, a fish, larger than any he had seen, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></span>came moving slowly along,
+out from a deep place under a large log, which lay imbedded in the bank.
+Henry made a sudden plunge after him. He drew up his dipper again,
+confident that he had caught him; but, on looking into the dipper, no
+fish was to be seen. The bird in the hand, and the bird in the bush,
+were both gone.</p>
+
+<p>The boys tried for a long time, in vain, to catch another fish. Rollo
+was sadly disappointed at the loss of the one he had caught, but there
+was now no help for it; and so they all slowly returned home together.</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="THE_BAILMENT_CASES" id="THE_BAILMENT_CASES"></a>THE BAILMENT CASES.</h3>
+
+<p>As the boys were slowly coming up the lane, towards the house, they saw
+Mary and Lucy in the garden. They went round into the garden to see what
+they were doing.</p>
+
+<p>They found them seated upon a bench in a pleasant part of the garden; it
+was the same bench were Rollo had once undertaken to establish a hive of
+bees. Mary was teaching Lucy how to draw pictures upon lilac leaves, and
+other leaves which they gathered, here and there, in the garden.</p>
+
+<p>The boys came up and asked to see what the girls were doing. The girls
+did not say to them, as girls sometimes do in such cases, &#8216;It is none of
+your concern,&mdash;you go off out of the garden, we don&#8217;t want you here.&#8217;
+They very politely showed them their leaf sketches,&mdash;and the boys, at
+the same time, with equal politeness, offered them some of their
+raspberries. In the course of the conversation, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></span>as they sat and stood
+there, Rollo said to his sister,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Henry lost my fish, Mary, and ought he not to pay me?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Your fish?&#8221; asked Mary.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I caught a fish in a dipper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And how came Henry to have it?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, I let him have it, to catch another. He made me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Henry had some secret feeling that he had not done quite right in the
+transaction, though he did not know exactly how he had done wrong. He
+did not make any reply to Rollo&#8217;s charge, but stood back, looking
+somewhat confused.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ought he not to pay me?&#8221; repeated Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It seems to be a case of bailment,&#8221; said Mary.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O yes,&#8221; said Rollo, who now recollected his father&#8217;s conversation on
+that subject some days before.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And so, you know, the question,&#8221; continued Mary, &#8220;whether he ought to
+pay or not, depends upon circumstances.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Rollo, who began to recall <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></span>to mind the principles which
+his father had laid down upon the subject, &#8220;it was for <i>his</i> benefit,
+not <i>mine</i>, and so he ought to pay.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>All this conversation about bailment, and about its being for his
+benefit, not Rollo&#8217;s, was entirely unintelligible to Henry, who had
+never studied the law of bailment at all. He looked first at Mary, and
+then at Rollo, and finally said,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t understand what you mean.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Mary explained to him what her father had said. She told him, first,
+that whenever one boy intrusted his property of any kind to the hands of
+another boy, it was a <i>bailment</i>; and that the question whether the one
+who took the thing ought to pay for it, if it was lost, depended upon
+the degree of care he took of it, considered in connection with the
+question, whether the bailment was for the benefit of the bailor, or the
+bailee.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is <i>bailor</i> and the <i>bailee</i>?&#8221; said Henry.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, Rollo bailed you his fish,&#8221; said Mary. &#8220;Rollo was bailor, and you
+bailee.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Henry, &#8220;he only gave me back my dipper, and the fish was in
+it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Mary asked for an explanation of this, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></span>and the boys related all the
+circumstances. Mary said it was an intricate case.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t understand it exactly,&#8221; said Mary. &#8220;You returned him his
+property which you had borrowed, and at the same time put into his hands
+some property of your own. I don&#8217;t know whether it ought to be
+considered as only giving him back his dipper, or bailing him the fish.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I did not want the <i>fish</i>,&#8221; said Henry.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Mary. &#8220;It is a knotty case. Let us go and ask father about
+it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, <i>I</i> don&#8217;t want to go,&#8221; said Henry.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, I would,&#8221; said Mary. &#8220;I&#8217;ll be your lawyer, and manage your side of
+the question for you; and we will get a regular decision.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Henry, reluctantly. And all the children followed Mary and
+Lucy towards the house.</p>
+
+<p>They found Rollo&#8217;s father in his room, examining some maps and plans
+which were spread out upon the table before him. When he saw the
+children coming in, he asked Mary, who was foremost, what they wanted.
+She said they had a law question, which they wanted him to decide.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;A law question?&#8221; said he.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; she replied; &#8220;a case of bailment.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, very well; walk in,&#8221; said he.</p>
+
+<p>There was a sofa at one side of the room, and he seated the children all
+there, while he drew up his arm-chair directly before them. He then told
+them to proceed. Rollo first told the whole story, closing his statement
+by saying,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And so I let him have my fish; and that was a bailment, and it was not
+for my benefit, but his, and so he ought to have taken very especial
+care of it. But he did not, and lost it, and so he ought to pay.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But we maintain,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;that the <i>fish</i> was not bailed to Henry
+at all. Rollo only gave him back the dipper, and, though the fish was in
+it, still the fish did not do Henry any good, and so it was not for his
+benefit.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It seems to be rather an intricate case,&#8221; said her father, smiling.</p>
+
+<p>Henry looked rather sober and anxious. The proceedings seemed to him to
+be a very serious business.</p>
+
+<p>However, Rollo&#8217;s father spoke to him in a very kind and good-humored
+tone, so that, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></span>before long, he began to feel at his ease. After hearing
+a full statement of the case, and all the arguments which the children
+had to offer on one side or the other, Rollo&#8217;s father began to give his
+decision, as follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I think that Rollo&#8217;s giving Henry the dipper, with the fish in it, was
+clearly a bailment of the fish; that is, it was an intrusting of his
+property to Henry&#8217;s care. It is clear also that Henry took pretty good
+care of it. He tried to avoid losing it. He took as much care of it,
+perhaps, as he would have done of a fish of his own. Still, he did not
+take <i>very extraordinary</i> or special care of it. The loss was not owing
+to <i>inevitable</i> accident. If the bailment was for Rollo&#8217;s benefit, the
+care he took was sufficient to save him from being liable; but, if it
+was for his own benefit, then all he did was at his own risk; and the
+loss ought to be his loss, and he ought to pay for it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I don&#8217;t see,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;that he was to blame in either case.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, no,&#8221; said his father; &#8220;he was not to blame for losing the fish,
+perhaps. That is not the point in these cases. It is not a <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></span>question of
+who is to blame, but who ought to bear a loss, for which perhaps nobody
+is to blame.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And you see,&#8221; he continued, &#8220;that it is reasonable that the loss should
+be borne by the person who was to have derived benefit from the risk. If
+the risk was run for Henry&#8217;s benefit, then he ought to bear the loss;
+which he would do by making Rollo compensation. If the risk was run for
+Rollo&#8217;s benefit, then Rollo ought to bear the loss himself.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;and it certainly was for Henry&#8217;s benefit, for
+he was trying to catch another fish for himself,&mdash;not for me. I had no
+advantage in it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That is not so certain,&#8221; replied his father. &#8220;It depends altogether
+upon the question, who had a right to the dipper at that time. If Henry
+had a right to the dipper, then he might have even poured out the water,
+fish and all; or he might have kept the fish in, to accommodate Rollo.
+On the other hand, if Rollo had a right to the dipper then, and he let
+Henry have it, as a favor to him, then, in that case, the bailment was
+for Henry&#8217;s benefit.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Well, sir,&#8221; said Henry, &#8220;I had a right to the dipper, for it was mine;
+and so it was for his benefit, and I ought not to pay.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, sir,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;he had let me have it, and I let him have my
+basket.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I only <i>lent</i> it to him,&#8221; said Henry.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But you lent it to me for the whole walk,&#8221; said Rollo, turning round to
+Henry.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You must only speak to <i>me</i>,&#8221; said his father. &#8220;In all debates and
+arguments, always speak to the one who is presiding.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, sir,&#8221; said Rollo, turning back to his father, again, &#8220;he lent it
+to me for the whole walk, and so I don&#8217;t think he had any right to take
+it back again.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That is coming to the point exactly,&#8221; said his father. &#8220;It all depends
+upon that,&mdash;whether Henry had a right to reclaim his dipper at that
+time, after only lending it to Rollo. And that, you see, is another
+bailment case. Henry bailed Rollo the dipper. This shows the truth of
+what I said before, that a great many of the disputes among boys arise
+from cases of bailment. This seems to be a sort of doubled and twisted
+case. And it all hinges on the question whether Henry or Rollo had the
+right to the <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></span>dipper at the time when Henry took it. For, as I have
+already explained, if <i>Henry</i> had a right to it, then his keeping
+Rollo&#8217;s fish in it was for Rollo&#8217;s advantage, and Rollo ought to bear
+the loss. But if <i>Rollo</i> had a right to keep the dipper longer, then he
+bailed the fish to him, in order to be able to let him have the dipper,
+for he could not let him have the one without the other; and so it was
+for Henry&#8217;s benefit; and, as the loss was not from <i>inevitable</i>
+accident, Henry ought to bear it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, sir, and now please to tell us,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;who had the right to
+the dipper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Rollo,&#8221; said her father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Rollo!&#8221; exclaimed several voices.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; replied Rollo&#8217;s father. &#8220;There is a principle in the law of
+bailment which I did not explain to you the other day. It is this:
+Whenever a person bails a thing to another person, for a particular
+purpose, and receives a compensation for it, the bailor has no right to
+take it back again from the bailee, until a fair opportunity has been
+allowed to accomplish that purpose. For instance, if I go and hire a
+horse of a man to make a journey, I have a right to keep the horse
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></span>until the journey is ended. If the owner of the horse meets me on the
+road, fifty miles from home, it is not reasonable, you see, that he
+should have the right to take the horse away from me there, on the
+ground that it is his horse, and that he has a right to him wherever he
+finds him. So, if one boy lends another his knife to make a whistle
+with, he ought not to take it away again, when the boy has got his
+whistle half done, and so make him lose all his labor.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, it seems to me he ought to give it back to him,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;if
+it is his knife, whenever he wants it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; replied his father, &#8220;he ought to give it up, no doubt, if the
+owner claims it; and yet perhaps the owner might do wrong in claiming
+it. Though I am not certain, after all, how it is in case a thing is
+lent gratuitously.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is <i>gratuitously</i>?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, for nothing; without any pay. Perhaps the bailor <i>has</i> a right to
+claim his property again, at any time, if it is bailed gratuitously,
+though I am not certain. I will ask some lawyer when I have an
+opportunity. But when a thing is let for pay, or <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></span>bailed on contract in
+any way, I am sure the bailor ought to leave it in the hands of the
+bailee, until the purpose is accomplished; or, at least, until there has
+been a fair opportunity to accomplish it.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Wherefore I decide that, as Henry intended to let Rollo have the dipper
+for the whole expedition, and as he took Rollo&#8217;s basket, and Rollo
+agreed to let him have some drink, as conditions, therefore, he ought
+not to have reclaimed the dipper. Since he did reclaim it, Rollo did
+perfectly right to give it up, fish and all; and as he did so, it was a
+bailment for the benefit of the bailee, that is, Henry. And of course it
+was at his risk, and, in strict justice, Rollo has a right to claim
+compensation for the loss of his fish. But then I should hope he won&#8217;t
+insist upon it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, sir,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I don&#8217;t care much about it now.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You see, Henry,&#8221; continued Rollo&#8217;s father, &#8220;I haven&#8217;t been talking
+about this all this time on account of the value of the fish, but to
+have you understand some of the principles you ought to regard, when any
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></span>other&#8217;s property is in your possession. So, now, you may all go.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, uncle,&#8221; said James, as the children rose from their seats,
+&#8220;haven&#8217;t you got some great box that we can have for our cabinet?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Your cabinet?&#8221; asked his uncle.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir, we want to make a museum.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, Rollo has got a cabinet. Jonas made him one.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir; but he wants his for himself, and we want one for our
+society.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You may have mine, now,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;I am not going to have one alone.
+I have concluded to let you have mine. Come.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo moved on, as if he wished to go. In fact, he had an instinctive
+feeling that his conduct in respect to the cabinet and the society would
+not bear examination, and he wanted to go.</p>
+
+<p>But his father, afraid that Rollo had been doing some injustice to his
+playmates, stopped the children and inquired into the case. The children
+told him that they had formed a society, and had elected Jonas cabinet
+keeper; and that Rollo had afterwards said he meant to be cabinet keeper
+himself, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></span>and so would not let the society have his cabinet to keep
+their curiosities in.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And did he first agree that the society might have it?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, sir,&#8221; said Rollo, decidedly; &#8220;I did not agree to any thing about
+it.&#8221; He thought that this would exonerate him from all blame.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Was not there a <i>tacit</i> agreement?&#8221; asked his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;A <i>tacit</i> agreement!&#8221; repeated Rollo. He did not know what a tacit
+agreement was.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said his father, &#8220;<i>tacit</i> means silent; a tacit or implied
+agreement is one which is made without being formally expressed in
+words. If it is only understood by both parties, it is just as binding
+as if it were fully expressed. For instance, if I go into a bookstore,
+and ask the bookseller to put me up certain books, and take them and
+carry them home, and then he charges them to me in his books, I must pay
+for them: for, though I did not <i>say</i> any thing about paying for them,
+yet my actions constituted an implied agreement to pay. By going in and
+getting them, under those circumstances, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></span>I, in fact, tacitly promise
+that I will pay for them when the bookseller sends in his bill. A very
+large portion of the agreements made among men are tacit agreements.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The children all listened very attentively, and they understood very
+well what Rollo&#8217;s father was saying. Rollo was considering whether there
+had been a tacit agreement that the society should have the cabinet; but
+he did not speak.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now, Rollo, did you consent to the formation of the society?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; said Henry, eagerly; &#8220;he <i>asked</i> us all to form the
+society.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And was it the understanding that the museum was to be kept in the
+cabinet that Jonas made?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; said Rollo, rather faintly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then, it seems to me that there was a tacit agreement on your part,
+that if the children would form the society and help you make the
+collection, you would submit to whatever arrangements they might make
+about the officers and the charge of the cabinet. You, in fact, <i>bailed</i>
+the cabinet to the society.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; said the children.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And as the bailment was for your advantage, as well as theirs, you
+ought not to have taken possession of the property again, until a fair
+opportunity had been afforded to accomplish the purpose of the bailment,
+that is, the collection of a cabinet by the society. So, you see, you
+fell into the same fault in respect to the society, that Henry did in
+regard to you in the case of the dipper.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The children were silent; but they all perceived the justice of what
+Rollo&#8217;s father had said.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And the society have a claim upon you, Rollo, for compensation for the
+disappointment and trouble you have caused them by taking away the
+cabinet.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo looked rather serious.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, we don&#8217;t care about it,&#8221; said Lucy.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said his father, &#8220;if the society release their claim upon you,
+as you did yours upon Henry, very well. I hope, at all events, you will
+all go on pleasantly after this.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The children then went out, and Rollo, followed by the other boys, went
+to find Jonas, to tell him he might be cabinet keeper. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></span>They tried to
+tell Jonas the whole story, and about Rollo&#8217;s giving the fish to Henry,
+and its being a bailment. But they could not make Jonas understand it
+very well. He said he did not know any thing about bailment, except
+bailing out boats&mdash;he had never heard of bailing fishes.</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="THE_CURIOSITIES" id="THE_CURIOSITIES"></a>THE CURIOSITIES.</h3>
+
+<p>Jonas accepted the office of cabinet keeper. He inquired particularly of
+the children about the meeting of the society, and, as they stated to
+him the facts, he perceived that Rollo had been a good deal disappointed
+at not having been chosen to any office. Jonas was sorry himself that
+Rollo could not have had some special charge, as it was his plan at the
+beginning, and the others had only joined it at his invitation. When he
+observed, also, how good-naturedly Rollo acquiesced,&mdash;for he did at last
+acquiesce very good-naturedly indeed,&mdash;he was the more sorry; and so he
+proposed to Rollo that he should be <i>assistant</i> cabinet keeper.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I shall want an assistant,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;for I have not time to attend
+to the business much; I can give you directions, and then you can
+arrange the curiosities <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></span>accordingly; and you can help me when I am at
+work there.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo liked this plan very much; and so Jonas said that he might act as
+assistant cabinet keeper until the next meeting of the society, and then
+he would propose to them to choose him regularly. He told Mary of this
+plan, and she liked it very much indeed.</p>
+
+<p>The children had various plans for collecting curiosities. They had
+meetings of the society once a week, when they all came into the play
+room, bringing in with them the articles which they had found or
+prepared. These articles were there exhibited and admired by all the
+members, and then were put upon the great work-bench, under the care of
+the assistant cabinet keeper. They remained there until Jonas had time
+to look them over, and determine how to arrange them. Then he and Rollo
+put them up in the cabinet, in good order.</p>
+
+<p>Mary did not collect many articles herself; but she used to tell the
+children what they could get or prepare. They made some very pretty
+collections of dried plants at her suggestion. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></span>They would come to her,
+as she sat in the house at her work, and there she would explain to
+them, in detail, what to do; and then they would go away and do it,
+bringing their work to her frequently as they went on. In respect to
+collections of plants, she told them that botanists generally pressed
+them, and then fastened them into great books, between the leaves,
+arranged according to the kinds.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But you,&#8221; said she, &#8220;don&#8217;t know enough of plants to arrange them in
+that way,&mdash;and, besides, it would be too great an undertaking for you to
+attempt to prepare a large collection. But you might make a small
+collection, and select and arrange the flowers in it according to their
+beauty.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Lucy said she should like to do this very much, and so Mary recommended
+to her to go and get as many flowers as she could find, and press them
+between the leaves of some old book which would not be injured by them.
+Lucy did so. She was a week or two in getting them ready. Then she
+brought them to Mary. Mary looked them over, and said that many of them
+were very <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></span>pretty indeed, and that she could make a very fine collection
+from them.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now,&#8221; said she, &#8220;you must have a book to keep them in.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Mary went and got two sheets of large, light-colored wrapping paper,
+and folded them again and again, until the leaves were of the right
+size. Then she cut the edges.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;I must make some false leaves.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;False leaves!&#8221; said Lucy; &#8220;what are they?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, you shall see,&#8221; replied Mary.</p>
+
+<p>She then cut one of the leaves which she had made into narrow strips,
+and put these strips between the true leaves at the back, where they
+were folded, in such a manner, that, when she sewed the book, the false
+leaves would be sewed in with the true. But the false leaves, being
+narrow strips, only made the back thicker. They did not extend out into
+the body of the book between the leaves; but Mary showed Lucy that when
+she came to put in her flowers between the true leaves, it would make
+the body of the book as thick as the back. They would <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span>make it thicker,
+were it not for these false leaves.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Lucy, &#8220;I have seen false leaves in scrap books, made to
+paste pictures in. I always thought that they made the leaves whole,
+first, and then cut them out.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;that would be a great waste of paper. It is very easy
+to make them by sewing in narrow strips.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Mary then asked Lucy to sit up at the table, and select some of her
+prettiest flowers,&mdash;some large, and some small,&mdash;enough to fill up one
+page of her book; and then to arrange them on the page in such a way as
+to produce the best effect; and Lucy did so. Then she gummed each one
+down upon the page, by touching the under side, here and there, with
+some gum arabic, dissolved in water, but made very thick. When she had
+done one page, she turned the leaf over very carefully, and laid a book
+upon it, and then proceeded to make selections of flowers for the second
+page. In this manner she went on through the book, and it made a very
+beautiful book indeed. Mary put a <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></span>cover and a title-page to it; and on
+the title-page, she wrote the title, thus:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center">A</p>
+<p class="center">COLLECTION</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smallfont">OF</span></p>
+<p class="center">COMMON FLOWERS,</p>
+<p class="center"><span class="smallfont">BY</span></p>
+<p class="center">LUCY.</p>
+
+<p>When it was all ready, it was presented to the society, and put into the
+cabinet, where it was long known by the name of &#8220;<i>Lucy&#8217;s Collection</i>.&#8221;
+She wrote the name of each plant under it, as fast as she could find out
+the names; and, whenever visitors came to see the museum, she would ask
+them the name of any of the flowers in her collection which she did not
+know, and then wrote the name down. Thus, after a time, nearly all the
+names were entered; and so, whenever the children found any flower which
+they did not know, they would sometimes go and look over Lucy&#8217;s
+collection, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></span>and there perhaps they would find the very flower with its
+name under it.</p>
+
+<p>This museum lasted several years; and the next spring, Rollo made his
+collection of flowers, which was larger than Lucy&#8217;s. Mary helped him
+about it. At first, he was going to have it in a larger book; but Mary
+thought it would be better to have all the books of a size, and then
+they would lie together very compactly, in a pile; which would not be
+the case if they had several books of different sizes. She said if any
+one wanted to make a larger collection, he had better have several
+volumes. Rollo made volume after volume, until at last his collection
+consisted of six.</p>
+
+<p>There was one collection of <i>leaves</i>; Henry made it. His object was to
+see how many different-shaped leaves he could get. He did not regard the
+little differences which exist between the leaves of the same tree, but
+only the essential differences of shape; such as between the leaf of the
+oak and of the maple. Two or three pages were devoted to leaves of
+forest-trees, and they looked very beautiful indeed. Leaves, being
+naturally flat, can be pressed very easily, and they <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></span>generally preserve
+their colors pretty well. One page was devoted to the leaves of
+evergreens, such as the pine, fir, spruce, hemlock; and they made a
+singular appearance, they were so small and slender. A little sprig of
+pine leaves was put in the centre, and the others around. Then there
+were the leaves of fruit-trees and plants, such as the apple, pear,
+peach, plum, raspberry, strawberry, currant, gooseberry, &amp;c., arranged
+by themselves; and there were half a dozen pages devoted to
+bright-colored leaves, gathered in the autumn, after the frost had come.
+These pages looked very splendidly. The names of the plants to which all
+these leaves belonged were written under them, and also the name given
+by botanists to indicate the particular shape of the leaf; these names
+the children found in books of botany. Such, for instance, as
+<i>serrated</i>, which means notched all around the edge with teeth like a
+saw, like the strawberry leaf; and <i>cordate</i>, which means shaped like a
+heart, as the lilac leaf is, and many others.</p>
+
+<p>There was also a collection of brakes that Rollo made, which the
+children liked to look over very much. There is a great variety <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></span>in the
+forms of brakes, or ferns, and yet they are all regular and beautiful,
+and are so flat that they are easily pressed and preserved. But of all
+the botanical collections which were formed and deposited in this
+museum, one of the prettiest was a little collection of <i>petals</i>, which
+Rollo&#8217;s mother made. Petals are the colored leaves of flowers,&mdash;those
+which form the flower itself. Sometimes the flower cannot be pressed
+very well whole, and yet, if you take off one of its petals, you find
+that that will press very easily, and preserve its color finely. So
+Rollo&#8217;s mother, every day, when she saw a flower, would put one of the
+leaves into a book, and after a time she had a large collection,&mdash;red,
+and white, and blue, and yellow, and brown, in fact, of almost every
+color. Then she made a little book of white paper, because she thought
+the colors and forms of these delicate petals would appear to better
+advantage on a smooth, white ground. She then made a selection from all
+which she had preserved, and arranged them upon the pages of her little
+book, so as to bring a great variety both of form and color upon a page;
+and yet forms and colors so <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></span>selected that all that was upon one page
+should be in keeping and harmony.</p>
+
+<p>But it was not merely the botanical collections in the museum which
+interested the children. They had some philosophical apparatus. There
+was what the boys called a sucker, which consisted of a round piece of
+sole leather, about as big as a dollar, with a string put through the
+middle, and a stop-knot in the end of it, to keep the string from coming
+entirely through; then, when the leather was wet, the boys could just
+pat it down upon a smooth stone, and then lift the stone by the string;
+the sucker appearing to stick to the stone very closely. Rollo did not
+understand how the sucker could lift so well; his father said it was by
+the pressure of the atmosphere, but in a way that Rollo was not old
+enough to understand.</p>
+
+<p>Then there was what the boys called a circular saw, made of a flat,
+circular piece of lead, as large as the top of a tea cup. Jonas had
+hammered it out of a bullet. There were saw-teeth cut all around the
+circumference, and two holes bored through the lead, at a little
+distance from the centre, one on each side. There was a string passed
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></span>through these holes, and then the ends were tied together; and to put
+the circular saw in motion, this string was held over the two hands, as
+the string is held when you first begin to play cat&#8217;s-cradle. Then, by a
+peculiar motion, this saw could be made to whirl very swiftly, by
+pulling the two hands apart, and then letting them come together
+again,&mdash;the string twisting and untwisting alternately, all the time.
+There were various other articles of apparatus for performing
+philosophical experiments; such as a prism, a magnet, pipes for blowing
+soap bubbles, a syringe, or squirt-gun, as the boys called it, made of a
+reed, which may be said to be a philosophical instrument.</p>
+
+<p>Jonas made a collection of specimens of <i>wood</i>, which was, on the whole,
+very curious, as well as somewhat useful. As he was at work sawing wood
+from day to day, he laid aside small specimens of the different kinds;
+as oak, maple, beech, ash, fir, cedar, &amp;c. He generally chose small,
+round pieces, about as large round as a boy&#8217;s arm, and sawed off a short
+piece about three inches long. This he split into quarters, and reserved
+one quarter for his specimen, throwing the others <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></span>away. This quarter
+had, of course, three sides; one was covered with bark, and the other
+two were the split sides. As fast as Jonas got these specimens split out
+in this manner, he put them in the barn, upon a shelf, near the bench;
+and then, one day, he took them one by one, and planed one of the split
+sides of each, and then smoothed it perfectly with sand paper.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo, who was standing by at the time, asked him why he did not plane
+them all around.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, because,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;they are for specimens, and so we want them
+to show the bark on one side, and the wood on the other side, in its
+natural state; and the third side is enough to show its appearance when
+it is manufactured.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Manufactured!&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas; &#8220;planed and varnished, as it is when it is made into
+furniture.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Are you going to varnish the sides that you plane?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Jonas said he was; and he did so. He planed one side, and one end. He
+varnished the planed side, and pasted a neat little label on the planed
+end. On the label he wrote <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></span>the name of the wood, and some very brief
+account of its qualities and uses, when he knew what they were. For
+instance, on the end of the specimen of walnut, was written in a very
+close but plain hand&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="center">Walnut, very tough and hard. Used for handles.</p>
+
+<p>After Jonas had got as many specimens as he could, from the wood pile,
+he used to cut others in the woods, when he happened to be there, of
+kinds which are not commonly cut for fuel. In this way he got, after a
+time, more than twenty different kinds, and when they were all neatly
+varnished and labelled, it made a very curious collection; and it was
+very useful, too, sometimes; for whenever the boys found any kind of a
+tree in the woods which they did not know, all they had to do, was to
+cut a branch of it off, and bring it to the museum, and compare it with
+Jonas&#8217;s specimens. In this way, before long, they learned the names of
+nearly all the trees which grew in the woods about there.</p>
+
+<p>There was a curious circumstance which happened in respect to Rollo&#8217;s
+hemlock-seed. It has already been said that this supposed <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></span>hemlock-seed
+was really a chrysalis. Now, a chrysalis is that form which all
+caterpillars assume, before they change into butterflies; and the animal
+remains within, generally for some time, in a dormant state;&mdash;all the
+time, however, making a slow progress towards its development. Now,
+Rollo&#8217;s great chrysalis remained in a conspicuous position, upon the
+middle shelf in the cabinet, for some weeks. Rollo always insisted, when
+he showed it to visitors, that it was a hemlock-seed. Jonas said he knew
+it was not; and he did not believe it was any kind of seed. But then he
+confessed that he did not know what it was, and Rollo considered that he
+had his father&#8217;s authority for believing it to be a hemlock-seed,
+because his father had said he thought it might be so, judging however
+only by Rollo&#8217;s description, without having seen it at all. Rollo always
+asserted very confidently that it was a hemlock-seed, and that he was
+going to plant it the next spring.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean time, the humble caterpillar within, unconscious of the
+conspicuous position to which he had been elevated, and the
+distinguished marks of attention he received <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></span>from many visitors, went
+slowly on in his progress towards a new stage of being. When the time
+was fully come, he very coolly gnawed a hole in one end of his glossy
+shell, and laboriously pushed himself through, his broad and beautiful
+wings folded up compactly by his side. When he was fairly liberated, he
+stood for two hours perfectly silent and motionless upon the shelf,
+while his wings gradually expanded, and assumed their proper form and
+dimensions. It was rather dark, for the doors were closed; and yet
+sufficient light came through the crevices of Jonas&#8217;s cabinet, to enable
+him to see the various objects around him, though he took very little
+notice of them. It was a strange thing for him to be shut up in such a
+place, with no green trees, or grass, or flowers around; but having
+never turned into a butterfly before, he did not know that there was any
+thing unusual in his situation.</p>
+
+<p>He began, however, in the course of six hours, to feel decidedly hungry;
+so he thought he would creep along in search of something to eat. He
+tried his proboscis upon one curiosity after another, in vain. The
+magnet, the sucker, pebbles, shells, books, every <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></span>thing was hard, dry
+and tasteless; and at length, discouraged and in despair, he clambered
+up upon Jonas&#8217;s specimen of maple, poised his broad, black, leopard-like
+wings over his back, and hung his head in mute despair. He would have
+given all his newborn glories for one single supper from the leaf which
+he used to feed upon when he was a worm.</p>
+
+<p>It was just about this time, that Rollo, Lucy, and Jonas happened to
+come together to the cabinet, to put in some new curiosity which they
+had found. As soon as Rollo opened the doors, he perceived the hole in
+the end of the chrysalis, which lay directly before him. He seized it
+hastily.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There now,&#8221; said he, in a tone of sad disappointment, &#8220;somebody has
+been boring a hole in my hemlock-seed!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>He took up the empty shell, and looked at the hole.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, Jonas,&#8221; said he, &#8220;how light it is!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Jonas took the chrysalis, weighed it in his hand, looked into the hole,
+and then said, quickly,</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;It is a chrysalis, I verily believe; and that is where the butterfly
+came out.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What!&#8221; said Rollo, in a tone of utter amazement.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That hole is where a butterfly came out,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;I have no
+doubt;&mdash;and if we look about here a little, we shall find him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>They immediately began to look about; and the butterfly, as if he
+understood their conversation, and perceived the necessity of a movement
+on his part, just at that instant, expanded his wings, and floated off
+through the air into the middle of the room, towards the bright sunshine
+which came in at the door. He alighted upon the edge of a barrel, which
+stood there. Rollo was after him in a moment, with his cap in the air.
+The butterfly, however, was too hungry to wait. He was again upon the
+wing. He soared away across the yard, towards the garden, and
+disappeared over the tops of the trees. Rollo and Lucy looked for him
+for some time among the plants and flowers, but in vain.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Never mind,&#8221; said Jonas, when they <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></span>returned. &#8220;The butterfly had rather
+be free; but he has left you the chrysalis shell, and that,
+notwithstanding the hole, is a greater curiosity now, than it was
+before.&#8221;</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="THE_SEA-SHORE" id="THE_SEA-SHORE"></a>THE SEA-SHORE.</h3>
+
+<p>Rollo&#8217;s father and mother were very much pleased with the children&#8217;s
+plan of collecting a cabinet. They often went out, at Rollo&#8217;s request,
+to look at the curiosities.</p>
+
+<p>One evening, about sunset, when they were walking in the garden, Rollo
+proposed that, before they went into the house, they should go out and
+look at the museum. They accordingly walked along, Rollo and Mary taking
+hold of hands before, and their father and mother walking arm in arm
+after them. Nathan was behind, riding a stick for a horse, and blowing a
+trumpet which Rollo had made for him out of the stem of a pumpkin vine.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I am a trooper,&#8221; said Nathan to himself, &#8220;blowing a bugle.&#8221; Then he
+would whip his horse, sound his trumpet, and gallop along.</p>
+
+<p>When they reached the door of the barn <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></span>which led into the place where
+their museum was kept, Rollo turned round and said sharply,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Thanny, be quiet! Don&#8217;t make such a noise.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Speak pleasantly, Rollo,&#8221; said Mary.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, Thanny,&#8221; said Rollo, taking hold of his arm, and gently turning
+him away from the door, &#8220;go and blow your bugle somewhere else, because
+we want to see our curiosities.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Thanny made no reply; but, being spoken to pleasantly, he turned around
+and went galloping off, and seeing the cat upon the fence, he ran up and
+began trumpeting at her to frighten her away.</p>
+
+<p>In the mean time, Rollo&#8217;s father and mother looked over the curiosities,
+as they had done many a time before. Rollo explained the wonders, and
+his parents looked and listened with great satisfaction, though they had
+been called upon to admire the same things for the same reasons, twenty
+times before.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But, Rollo,&#8221; said his father, at length, &#8220;it appears to me that your
+cabinet has not increased much, lately.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Why, father, we can&#8217;t find any more curiosities. I wish we could go to
+some new place.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What new place can we go to?&#8221; said he.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;some place where there are some
+curiosities.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;We might go to the sea-shore, and get some shells,&#8221; said Mary.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So we could,&#8221; said her father; &#8220;that would give you a fine addition.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, father,&#8221; said Rollo, looking up very eagerly, &#8220;I wish you would
+let us go.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I will think of it,&#8221; said his father.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo knew that when his father said this, he meant as he said, and that
+he would really think of it;&mdash;and consequently that he himself ought not
+to say any thing more about it. He accordingly soon began to talk to
+Mary about other things, and by and by they went into the house.</p>
+
+<p>The next day, Rollo&#8217;s father told him that they had concluded to make a
+party to go to the sea-shore. There was a shore and a beach about twelve
+miles from where they lived, and he said that they were going the next
+day in the carryall. Rollo&#8217;s father and mother, with Mary and her cousin
+Lucy, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></span>were to ride in the carryall, and Rollo and Jonas in the wagon
+behind.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;We want cousin Lucy to go with us,&#8221; said Mr. Holiday, in explaining the
+plan, &#8220;and so there will not be quite room for us all in the carryall.
+Besides, we shall want Jonas&#8217;s help, probably, in the expedition, and
+then the wagon will be a good thing to bring back our treasures in.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O father,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;we shall not get more than a carryall full.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, I suppose not,&#8221; said his father; &#8220;but the wagon will be better to
+bring stones, and sand, and shells. You must put baskets in behind, to
+pack them in.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The next afternoon, all was in readiness at the appointed hour. The
+carryall was at the door, waiting to receive its portion of the party,
+and the wagon was fastened to a post behind. Jonas stood at the head of
+the carryall horse, to hold him still while the people should be getting
+in. Rollo was near the wagon horse.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Shall I unfasten him, Jonas?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;<i>You</i> can&#8217;t unfasten him,&#8221; said he.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O yes, I can, if you will only let me try.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></span></p><p>Rollo approached the horse, and cautiously reached out his hands to
+unhook the chain from the ring at the horse&#8217;s mouth, standing a good way
+back, and leaning forward on tiptoe, as if he thought the horse would
+bite him.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What are you afraid of, Rollo?&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Nothing,&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;only I can&#8217;t reach very well.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Stand up nearer.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But perhaps he might bite me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Poh! he never bites,&#8221; said Jonas. &#8220;There is only one danger to guard
+against, in unfastening such a horse as that.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What danger?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Danger that he may step and tread on your foot.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo looked down at his feet, and began to consider this danger; but
+just then his father and mother came out, followed by the two girls, and
+took their seats in the carryall. Jonas then came to the wagon, and,
+after helping Rollo in, he got in himself, and away the whole party
+went, very happily.</p>
+
+<p>After riding for some time, Rollo&#8217;s mother, upon looking back towards
+the wagon, saw <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></span>that Rollo was making signs as if he wanted them to
+stop. She told Mr. Holiday, and he accordingly stopped his horse, and
+waited until the wagon came up. Rollo had a plan to propose.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Father,&#8221; said he, &#8220;I wish you would let Jonas come into the carryall
+and drive you and mother, and let Mary and cousin Lucy come and ride
+with me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But who will drive?&#8221; said his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;ll drive,&#8221; replied Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O no,&#8221; said his mother, &#8220;he can&#8217;t drive; he will overturn the wagon.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, mother, I can drive,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;I have been driving some time.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I rather think there will be no danger,&#8221; said Mr. Holiday to his wife,
+turning towards her as she sat upon the back seat. &#8220;The road is pretty
+level and retired, and he will keep close along behind the carryall.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo&#8217;s mother looked rather doubtfully, and yet she could not help
+feeling a certain degree of pleasure at thinking that Rollo was old
+enough to drive alone. She accordingly consented, and the change was at
+once made. Rollo&#8217;s father and mother sat on the back seat of the
+carryall, and <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></span>Jonas before, to drive them; while Rollo, Mary, and Lucy
+took possession of the wagon.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo drove very well. He kept near the carryall, and was so attentive
+to his business as a driver, and so successful in avoiding stones and
+jolts, and in turning out for the various vehicles they met upon the
+road, that his father let him drive so all the rest of the way.</p>
+
+<p>They gradually approached the sea-shore. The country grew wild and
+hilly, and great ledges of rocks were seen in the fields and by the road
+side. At length, upon the summit of a long ascent, the broad sea burst
+into view, stretching along the horizon before them, smooth and glassy,
+with here and there a small white sail almost motionless in the
+distance. Below them was a long, sandy beach. The surf was breaking
+against it. A swell of the sea, of the whole length of the beach, would
+rise and advance, growing higher and more distinct as it approached, and
+then it would break over upon the shore in one long line of foam, white
+and beautiful, and gracefully curved to adapt itself to the curvature of
+the shore. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></span>At the extremities of the beach, points and promontories of
+ragged rocks extended out into the water, white with the breakers which
+foamed and struggled around them. From the whole there arose a continued
+and solemn roar, like the sound of a great waterfall.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Holiday stopped his horse by the side of the road, and Rollo, when
+he reached the place, stopped also.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Here we are,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;That&#8217;s the sea.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Where&#8217;s the beach?&#8221; said Lucy.</p>
+
+<p>Mary was silent.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Come,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;let&#8217;s drive on.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O no,&#8221; said Mary, &#8220;wait here a few minutes.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Jonas, what are you waiting for?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I wished him to stop here a few minutes,&#8221; said Rollo&#8217;s father, &#8220;to let
+us look at the prospect.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo said no more, though he could not understand what his father was
+waiting for. They all sat still, looking at the view, and saying very
+little; Rollo was impatient and restless. In a short time, however,
+Jonas <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></span>drove on, and Rollo followed him. They went down into a sort of
+valley, where they lost sight of the water again, and then, after
+winding around for some time among the rocks and sand hills, they came
+at length to a high ridge of pebble stones, which ran along the shore;
+and surmounting this, they found the white beach spread out close before
+them, while a long line of wave was just curling over and dashing into
+foam upon the sand. They fastened the horses to some heavy pieces of
+timber, the remains of a wreck, which lay up high upon the sand.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, what a wide beach!&#8221; said Rollo. The truth is, that when he saw the
+beach from the hill, it looked like a mere line of sand, extending along
+the shore. But now he found it was a broad and smooth area, gently
+descending towards the water. It was firm, so that the children could
+run about upon it. Rollo went down pretty near to the water&#8217;s edge, and
+amused himself by watching the surf. Each wave would recede after it
+broke, and run off, leaving a broad piece of the beach dry; until, in a
+moment more, another wave would <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></span>come curling on, and break over the
+retreating water of the former; and then it would rush up the sand, in a
+broad and rapid stream, all along the shore, almost to Rollo&#8217;s feet.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo asked his father to let him take off his shoes and stockings; and
+he did so. Rollo put each stocking into its shoe, to keep them dry, and
+then laid them down upon the sand beyond the reach of the waves. Then he
+would watch the waves, and whenever the water retreated, he would follow
+it down until he met the new wave coming curling up at him, when he
+would turn and run, the wave after him, to the shore; and when the wave
+broke, it would throw the water all around his feet.</p>
+
+<p>Lucy and Mary walked along the other shore at a greater distance,
+looking for shells. They found a great many. Rollo could hear their
+exclamations of delight at every new shell they found, and they were
+continually calling upon him to come and get some too; but he was too
+much occupied with the surf.</p>
+
+<p>At length, Rollo&#8217;s attention was excited by hearing Lucy call out,</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;O Mary, Mary! I have found a piece of sponge.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo turned around to look. He had just run up from the water, and was
+standing beyond the reach of the surf, though the water which each wave,
+as it broke, sent up upon the shore, played around his feet.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How big is it?&#8221; said Rollo,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;About as big as my finger.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ho!&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;that is not very big.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Just at this instant, a wave larger than usual burst just behind Rollo,
+and it sent up a torrent of water all around him, which rose almost up
+to his knees. Rollo was frightened. He started to run; but so much water
+confused and embarrassed him. He staggered.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Stand still, Rollo,&#8221; said his father.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo then stood still; but by this time the water was receding, and his
+eyes fell upon his two shoes, which had been taken up by the wave, and
+were now running rapidly down from the shore, each loaded with its
+stocking. Rollo ran to seize them, and had just time to get them before
+the <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></span>next wave advanced and was ready to dash over them. He ran up upon
+the sand, and put his shoes several yards from the highest place that
+the water had come to.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There,&#8221; said he, looking back at the waves, &#8220;now get my shoes if you
+can!&#8221; The waves said nothing, but went on breaking and then retreating,
+just as before.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo then went to where Mary and Lucy were, and began to collect
+shells. They found quite a number of different kinds, all along the
+shore. Some were large and coarse,&mdash;broken and worn by the water. Some
+were so thin and delicate that he had to wrap them up carefully in a
+paper, and put them into his waistcoat pocket, in order to get them home
+safely. The children found several other curiosities besides shells.
+They collected pebbles, and specimens of sand, of different colors. Mary
+found an old iron spike, perhaps part of a vessel, with the sand and
+gravel concreted around it. It looked like stone growing upon iron.
+Rollo also found a small piece of wood, battered and worn by the
+long-continued action of the waves, and he thought it was very curious
+indeed. In <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></span>fine, the children filled their baskets with wonders, and,
+after about three quarters of an hour, they set out on their return
+home. When Rollo went to get his shoes, he found the water almost up to
+them. If he had staid away a little longer, they would have been washed
+away again. The truth was, the tide was rising.</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="THE_CLIFFS" id="THE_CLIFFS"></a>THE CLIFFS.</h3>
+
+<p>As the party slowly rode away from the beach, Rollo&#8217;s mother asked if it
+was too late to go to the cliffs. There was a splendid prospect from the
+cliffs. They were rocky precipices overhanging the sea, at the extremity
+of a point of land, about a mile from the beach where they had been. The
+two girls wanted to go very much; but Rollo did not care so much about
+it. He was in haste to get home and arrange his curiosities.</p>
+
+<p>His father, however, after looking at his watch, said that he thought
+there would be time to go. So he turned his horse&#8217;s head in the right
+direction, and they went to the cliffs.</p>
+
+<p>The precipices were very high, and the swell of the sea dashed and
+roared against them at their foot; and yet the water looked very smooth
+at a little distance from <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></span>the land. Rollo wondered why there should be
+waves along the beach and against the rocks, when there were none out in
+the open sea.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I should think, father,&#8221; said he, &#8220;that it would be calmer near the
+shore, and more windy out upon the water.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It is,&#8221; said his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then, why are not the waves bigger?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;They <i>are</i> full as big.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, father,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;there are no waves at all out from the
+land.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You can&#8217;t see them very well,&#8221; said his father, &#8220;because we look down
+upon them. When we are upon a mountain, the small hills below almost
+disappear. Besides, the waves out in the open sea, in such a still time
+as this, are in the form of broad swells; but these swells are broken
+when they roll against the shore, and so this makes the surf.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I mean to look over and see,&#8221; said Rollo, and he walked cautiously
+along towards the precipice.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O Rollo,&#8221; exclaimed Mary, &#8220;don&#8217;t go so near!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;Why, there is no danger,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Rollo! Rollo!&#8221; exclaimed Mary again, as Rollo went nearer and nearer.</p>
+
+<p>His father had turned away, just as he had finished what he said above,
+and so had not observed what Rollo was doing. In fact, he did not go
+near enough to the brink to be in any danger, though Mary was afraid to
+have him so near.</p>
+
+<p>His mother, hearing Mary&#8217;s call, turned to see what was the matter, and
+she, too, felt afraid at seeing Rollo so near. She called him to come
+away; but Rollo told her that he was not near enough to fall.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I had rather that you would come away,&#8221; said his mother; and she
+looked very anxious and uneasy, and began to hurry along towards him.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You see that large island off to the right,&#8221; said Rollo&#8217;s father,
+directing her attention in the right quarter.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, I see it&mdash;Rollo!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, that is George&#8217;s Island. There is a rock lying just about south
+of it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Rollo&#8217;s mother, &#8220;I believe I see it,&#8221; beckoning at the same
+time to Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>Her mind was evidently occupied with <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></span>watching Rollo. She looked first
+at the rock and island, where Mr. Holiday was pointing, and then back at
+Rollo, until at length Mr. Holiday, perceiving that her mind was
+disturbed by Rollo&#8217;s motions, said to him,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Rollo, keep outside of us.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Outside, father!&#8221; said Rollo; &#8220;how do you mean?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, farther back from the brink than we are.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So Rollo walked reluctantly back until he was at about the same distance
+from the brink with his father, and then began to take up some little
+stones, and throw them over. His father and mother went on talking,
+though Rollo&#8217;s stones disturbed them a little. At length, Rollo came and
+stood near his father to hear what he was saying about a large ship
+which was just coming into view behind the island.</p>
+
+<p>As he stood there, he kept pressing forward to get as near to the brink
+as he could, without actually going before his father and mother. She
+instinctively put out her hand to hold him back, and was evidently so
+uneasy, that Mr. Holiday looked to see <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></span>what was the matter. Rollo had
+pressed forward so as to be a very little in advance of his father,
+though it was only very little indeed.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Rollo,&#8221; said his father, &#8220;go and sit in the carryall until we come.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo looked up surprised, and was just going to ask what for. But he
+perceived at once that he was in advance of his parents, and that he had
+consequently disobeyed his father&#8217;s orders. He went away rather
+sullenly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I was not more than an inch in advance of where they were,&#8221; said he to
+himself; &#8220;and, besides, it was far enough from the brink. I don&#8217;t see
+why I need be sent away.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>However, he knew that he must obey, and he went and took his seat in the
+carryall. It was turned away from the sea, and he had nothing before him
+but the inland prospect.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What dismal-looking rocks and hills!&#8221; said he to himself. They had
+appeared wild and picturesque when he first came in view of them, but
+now they had a very gloomy expression. He who is dissatisfied <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></span>with
+himself, is generally dissatisfied with all around him.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo waited until he was tired, and then he had to wait some time
+longer. At length his father and mother appeared, and Rollo jumped out,
+and asked his father if he might ride in the wagon, and drive the girls
+again.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; replied his father, &#8220;I have made another arrangement. Jonas,&#8221; he
+continued, &#8220;you may get into the wagon, and drive on alone.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo&#8217;s father then helped Mrs. Holiday and Mary into the back seat,
+while he put Lucy and Rollo on before, and he took a seat between them.
+When they had rode on a little way, he said,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I was very sorry to have to send you away, Rollo.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, father, I was not more than an inch before you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s true,&#8221; said his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And I don&#8217;t think I was in any danger.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t think you were myself,&#8221; said his father.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then, why did you send me back?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;For two reasons. First, you disobeyed me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I don&#8217;t think I came before you more than an inch.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Nor I,&#8221; said his father; &#8220;very likely it was not more than half an
+inch.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And was that enough to do any harm?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It was enough to constitute <i>disobedience</i>. I told you to keep back,
+<i>outside</i> of us, and by coming up even as near as we were, you showed a
+disposition not to obey.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I forgot,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;I did not observe that I was so near.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But when I give you a direction like that, it is your duty to observe.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo was silent. After a short pause, he added,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, father, you said that there were two reasons why you sent me
+away.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, the other was that you were spoiling all the pleasure of the
+party. You kept Mary and mother continually uneasy and anxious.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I don&#8217;t think I went into any danger.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Perhaps not; that is not what I charge <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></span>you with. I did not send you
+away for going into danger, but for making other persons anxious and
+uneasy.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But, father, if there was not any danger, why need they be uneasy?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Do you suppose that persons are never made uneasy and anxious, except
+by actual danger?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why&mdash;I don&#8217;t know, sir.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;If you observe persons carefully, you will see that they are.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then they must be unreasonable,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Not altogether,&#8221; said his father. &#8220;If you were lying down upon the
+ground, and I were to come up to you with an axe, and make believe cut
+your head off, it would make you very uneasy, though there would be
+really no danger.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But this is very different,&#8221; said Rollo. &#8220;That would have been as if I
+had made believe push mother off.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That would have been more like it, I confess. But I only meant to show
+you that it does not always require real danger, to make any one uneasy
+and anxious. When we see persons in situations which strongly <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></span>suggest
+the idea of danger to our minds, it makes us uneasy, though we may know
+that there is no actual danger in the case. Thus it is painful to most
+persons to see a carpenter upon a very lofty spire, or to go very near a
+precipice, or see any body else go, even when there is a strong railing;
+and so in all other cases. Therefore, our rule ought always to be, when
+we are in company with others, not only not to go into actual danger,
+but not to go so near as strongly to bring up the idea to their minds,
+and thus distress them.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I never thought of that before,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, I presume not. And I had not time to explain it to you when we were
+upon the cliffs, and so I simply directed you to keep back of us. That
+would have prevented all trouble, if you had only obeyed.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo was silent and thoughtful. He was sorry that he had disobeyed.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;However,&#8221; continued his father, &#8220;I am very glad I have had this
+opportunity to explain this subject to you. Now, I want <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></span>you to
+remember, after this, that the best way, in all such cases, is to
+consider, not what the actual danger is, but what the feelings and fears
+of those who are with you may be. It is not your own safety, but the
+comfort of others, that you have to look out for.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, sir,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I will.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Once there were two young men,&#8221; continued his father, &#8220;taking a ride in
+chaises. Each had his sister with him. They came to an old bridge that
+was somewhat decayed, and it led across a very deep ravine which looked
+very frightful, though in reality the bridge was perfectly strong and
+safe. Now, when the first chaise came near, the girl who was in it cried
+out,</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;O brother, what a bridge! O, I must get out and walk over it. I don&#8217;t
+dare to ride over such a bridge.&#8217;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Poh, nonsense!&#8217; said Henry. Her brother&#8217;s name was Henry. &#8216;The bridge
+is strong enough for a four-ox team. I have been over it a dozen times.&#8217;
+So he drove on. His sister looked very much terrified when they came
+upon the bridge, but they went over safely.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></span></p><p>&#8220;&#8216;There,&#8217; said Henry, when they had got over, &#8216;I told you it was safe.&#8217;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;When the other chaise came down, the young lady said the same thing to
+<i>her</i> brother, whose name was Charles. She said she was afraid to ride
+over.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Very well,&#8217; said Charles. &#8216;The bridge is safe enough, but I think,
+perhaps, it may be pleasanter for you to walk over. It will rest you to
+walk a little, and besides, you can stop to look at the pleasant
+prospect, up and down the river, from the middle of the bridge.&#8217;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So his sister got out, and he drove the chaise over carefully, while
+she walked behind. Now, which do you think took the best course, Charles
+or Henry?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I&mdash;don&#8217;t know,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The way to determine,&#8221; said his father, &#8220;is to apply the Savior&#8217;s rule,
+&#8216;Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.&#8217;&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, I think,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;that I should rather get out and walk.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I am sure I should,&#8221; said Lucy.</p>
+
+<hr class="medium" />
+
+<p>The whole party, after this, got safely <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></span>home, though it was too late,
+that night, to arrange their curiosities. They, however, looked them all
+over the next day, and they made a very large and valuable addition to
+their cabinet. The specimens of sand of different colors they arranged
+in little, square, pasteboard boxes, which Mary made, covering them
+neatly with blue paper upon the outside, and with white paper within.</p>
+
+<hr class="large" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></span></p>
+<h3><a name="THE_THREE_NORTHMEN" id="THE_THREE_NORTHMEN"></a>THE THREE NORTHMEN.</h3>
+
+<p>The summer and autumn passed away, and the winter came on. Rollo was
+having a new great-coat made. He had grown too big for the old one, and
+so his mother had laid it aside, waiting for Nathan to grow up to it.</p>
+
+<p>When Rollo&#8217;s coat was done, he went out to show it to Jonas. It was
+thick and warm, with large cuffs, and there was a good warm collar to
+come up about his ears.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And see,&#8221; said Rollo, throwing the coat back, and slipping one of his
+arms out, &#8220;see how easy it comes off and on!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;and that is a great convenience in a great-coat. It
+is a very fine great-coat, indeed. I think, with that on, you will be
+able to make your stand against all three of the Northmen.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;All three of the Northmen!&#8221; repeated Rollo. &#8220;Who are the Northmen?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t you know who the three famous <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></span>Northmen are,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;who do
+so much mischief?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;I never heard of them before.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;I will tell you some time, but now I must go away
+with the cart.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Jonas had been harnessing the horse into the cart, in the yard, while
+Rollo had been talking with him, and now was about ready to go away.
+Rollo determined to ask his mother to let him go with him.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Where are you going, Jonas?&#8221; said he.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Down into the woods,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Wait a minute for me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So away Rollo ran to ask his mother. She said, yes; and he accordingly
+came out and took his seat, by the side of Jonas, upon a board which was
+placed across the cart, from one side to the other.</p>
+
+<p>Jonas was going down into the woods to bring up a load of wood which he
+had obtained from the trimmings of the trees. It was a cold, frosty
+morning, and the winter was near; and Jonas wished to get the wood in
+before the snow should come and cover it up. Rollo was so much
+interested in driving <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></span>the cart down, and then in loading it with wood,
+that he forgot to ask Jonas about the three famous Northmen.</p>
+
+<p>About a month after this, there were a few very cold mornings. The ice
+froze very hard in a tub of water before the pump, and Jonas had to cut
+a hole in it with the axe, for the horse to drink.</p>
+
+<p>Rollo saw him through the kitchen window, and he opened the door and ran
+out a moment to see him. Jonas was cutting away very carefully all
+around the sides of the tub, so as to get the whole mass of ice out
+together. Rollo stood looking on, shivering. He had no hat on, and only
+slippers upon his feet. He stood leaning a little forward, his arms
+hanging off from his sides as if they were driven off by electric
+repulsion.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;A&#8217;n&#8217;t you cold?&#8221; said Rollo to Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;not at all.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I am; and I can&#8217;t stay out here any longer, I am so cold.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You are not prepared for it; that is the difficulty. Go and put on your
+boots, and your cap, and your mittens, and button up your jacket, and
+come out here and go to work with me, and you won&#8217;t be cold.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></span></p><p>Rollo ran in and got his boots; and after warming them by the kitchen
+fire, he put them on. He also buttoned his jacket up to his chin, and
+drew on his mittens, and put on his cap. He then went out again to find
+Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>He found him in the barn, pitching down hay.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now,&#8221; said Rollo, as he came up the stairs, &#8220;what shall I do?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ah, you have come out to work, have you?&#8221; said Jonas. &#8220;Well, take this
+pitchfork, and mount up upon the loft there, and pitch me down some
+hay.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Rollo found it very hard to get up upon the loft. There were only some
+pegs, driven into a post, to climb up by. However, with Jonas&#8217;s help, he
+got up, and then clambered over upon the hay; and Jonas threw the
+pitchfork up after him.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now work moderately,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;and I&#8217;ll insure that the Northmen
+can&#8217;t touch you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, there!&#8221; said Rollo, &#8220;you have never told me about the Northmen.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;I will tell you now, when you come down.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></span></p><p>After pitching the hay down a little while, Rollo descended, though it
+was not necessary for Jonas to help him, for he jumped down upon the
+heap of hay which he had made. They then went together, attending to
+Jonas&#8217;s work about the barn, while Rollo stopped occasionally to look
+out the open door or window, where the sun was shining in very
+pleasantly. Rollo began to think it was a warm, pleasant morning.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There is one of the Northmen,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;that you are somewhat
+acquainted with already.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is his name?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Captain Jack Frost,&#8221; replied Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, yes,&#8221; said Rollo, with a smile, &#8220;I have heard of that gentleman
+before.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;he is pretty well known. He is a great
+mischief-maker. He lives in an ice castle at the North, and in the fall
+of the year he comes creeping along in the still nights, and early in
+the mornings. He builds bridges over the ponds, and brooks, and plants
+little gardens of hoar frost; and where he sees a stone in the ground,
+he stamps his foot upon it, and crowds it down a little way. Then it is
+his great delight to <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></span>go about pinching boys&#8217; toes and noses. He is a
+sly rogue.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And who are the other Northmen?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The next is General Boreas,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;General Boreas!&#8221; repeated Rollo; &#8220;and who is he?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O! he is a terrible fellow,&#8221; replied Jonas. &#8220;He comes roaring and
+thundering along the tops of the forests at midnight, in snowstorms and
+hail. He buries up the whole country, he breaks down the trees, and
+sometimes unroofs the houses. Then, if he finds any poor traveller out,
+he whistles and roars about his ears, and tries to frighten him; and he
+throws snow into his face, and heaps it up all about him in order to
+bury him up if he can.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then, besides,&#8221; continued Jonas, &#8220;the old stormer has another way of
+making mischief. After he has got the valleys and streams covered and
+filled with ice and snow, he brings on a tempest of wind and rain, and
+fills the land with torrents, which raise the streams, and tear up the
+ice, and carry it down in vast, broken, and jamming blocks, which break
+down the bridges, and carry <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></span>away dams, and spread all over the meadows,
+frightening a good many families out of their beds at midnight.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Is that the way that General Boreas acts?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; replied Jonas, &#8220;that&#8217;s the way.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And who is the third Northman?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;His name is Old Zero,&#8221; replied Jonas. &#8220;He is more than threescore years
+and ten, a great deal; his head is hoary, and his beard is long and
+gray. He creeps softly along after General Boreas has worked himself out
+of breath, and gone away. He curtains over all the windows with frost
+work in the night. He likes the night, when it is calm and still, and
+the stars are shining bright and cold all over the sky. And he kills
+more people than Boreas does.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Kills them?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; replied Jonas. &#8220;He makes no blustering, but he stings bitterly,
+and the poor traveller has his ears, and hands, and feet frozen before
+he knows what a cruel enemy is around him. Captain Jack Frost you may
+laugh at,&mdash;but as to Old Zero, you had better beware of him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></span></p><p>Rollo laughed a good deal at Jonas&#8217;s account of the three Northmen, and
+Jonas told him that they sometimes made some splendid curiosities, which
+would be beautiful for a shelf in his museum, if they would only keep.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What are the curiosities?&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, all kinds of stars, and spangles, and snow-flakes, of a great many
+beautiful forms,&mdash;and icicles, and frost work. But they will not keep
+very long, unless you make a cabinet expressly for them.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;<i>I</i> can&#8217;t make a cabinet,&#8221; said Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O, yes, you can,&mdash;a frost-cabinet,&#8221; said Jonas.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How?&#8221; asked Rollo.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, you must go down near the brook, in the middle of the winter, and
+make a little room of snow. Then you must get a large piece of thin,
+clear ice from a still place in the brook, and fix it in for a window.
+You must also get some sheets of white ice, or snow crust, for shelves,
+and put your frost curiosities upon them. If you make it in a cold
+place, they will keep for some time.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I <i>will</i> make a frost museum,&#8221; said Rollo. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></span>&#8220;I mean to go down to-day
+and look out a place.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Jonas, &#8220;and you can keep it a secret until it is done, and
+then take your father and mother down to see it, and surprise them.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Rollo, clapping his hands, &#8220;so I will.&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/i185.jpg" width="350" height="259" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<hr class="large" />
+<h2>ROLLO BOOKS.</h2>
+
+<h3>BY JACOB ABBOTT.</h3>
+
+<hr class="small" />
+
+<div class="centered">
+<table border="0" width="70%" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" summary="bookslist">
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left"><span class="smallfont2"><i>Rollo at Work</i>,</span></td>
+<td align="left"><span class="smallfont2"><i>Rollo at School</i>,</span></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left"><span class="smallfont2"><i>Rollo at Play</i>,</span></td>
+<td align="left"><span class="smallfont2"><i>Rollo&#8217;s Vacation</i>,</span></td></tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td align="left"><span class="smallfont2"><i>Rollo Learning to Read</i>,</span></td>
+<td align="left"><span class="smallfont2"><i>Rollo Learning to Talk</i>.</span></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smallfont2">BOUND IN UNIFORM STYLE.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smallfont2">The publishers request the attention of the friends of the young to this
+popular series of books, which have been pronounced, by competent and
+judicious persons, the best works for children published, not even
+excepting the best English writers. Mr. Abbott&#8217;s style is peculiarly
+interesting to children, being natural and simple, and portraying the
+trials and temptations of childhood, just as they occur in every day
+life, and giving them clear and distinct ideas of the right and wrong in
+their actions.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smallfont2"><i>From the Christian Examiner.</i></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smallfont2">As a whole, they make the most important series of juvenile books that
+have appeared, to our knowledge, since Miss Edgeworth. They are very
+unlike those, and yet they resemble them in some prominent features;
+especially in making it their chief object to be <i>pleasing</i>, and thus
+gently and imperceptibly opening a way for <i>instruction</i> to the mind and
+morals, without obtruding or forcing it in the least. For this the books
+before us are remarkable. They are entertaining throughout. The interest
+never flags, and yet there is no seeming attempt to sustain it. There is
+little continuous story, and no plot or romance, or grown-up folly, such
+as fills half of the <i>young</i> novels now made for children. Here is a
+little boy, who is first induced to learn to <i>talk</i>; and in order to do
+this, he is made to see objects for himself, and think about them, and
+ask questions. Next he is taught to <i>read</i>; to effect this, he is
+candidly told that learning to read is not play, but work, and at first
+dry and hard work. It soon becomes easy, however, because it is
+undertaken in earnest, and then it becomes pleasant; and parents may
+take a hint from this, when they are afraid to allow letters and
+learning to wear any form but that of playthings and pastime to their
+children. In the third volume, Rollo is at <i>work</i>; in the fourth, at
+<i>play</i>; and the morals of both play and work are as easily and
+pleasantly insinuated as we have often seen. There is constant
+occupation in both, and constant natural opportunities of learning the
+duty and the advantage of feeling and doing right, and thus seeing the
+evil of feeling and doing wrong; for Mr. Abbott fully carries out, in
+these books, the great principle which we rejoice to see advanced in the
+Preface to one of them, namely, &#8220;that it is generally better, in dealing
+with children, to allure them to what is right by agreeable pictures of
+it, than to attempt to drive them to it by repulsive delineations of
+what is wrong.&#8221; The fifth volume presents Rollo at <i>School</i>, and the
+last his <i>vacation</i>. They keep up the interest, and advance in maturity
+of thought and illustration, as the boy advances.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smallfont2"><i>From the Mother&#8217;s Magazine, edited by Mrs. Whittlesey.</i></span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smallfont2">Mr. Abbott possesses, in a very high degree, the faculty of awakening
+the interest of children. His writings have that absolute requisite for
+securing permanent popularity&mdash;<i>truth to nature</i>. His boys and girls
+talk and act <i>like</i> boys and girls, not like miniature men and women.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smallfont2">There are a thousand minute touches in his descriptions, which are
+evidently drawn from the life, and which betoken a habit of close and
+accurate observation of the ways and manners of children. In reading his
+books, you hardly believe that it is not your own little Charles or
+Henry, whose doings and sayings he is reporting. It is this truth and
+freshness in minute touches that constitutes <i>picturesqueness</i> in
+writing; a quality which renders Miss Edgeworth and Mr. Abbott
+attractive not only to <i>little</i> readers, but to some older persons that
+we know. We have spoken of these books as <i>interesting</i>; we can also
+recommend them as adapted to be exceedingly <i>useful</i>&mdash;and for the very
+same reason. Instead of <i>general</i> exhortations to certain things, and
+dehortations from others, children here find vivid pictures of the very
+faults they are to strive against, and are shown how to strive&mdash;of the
+good habits they are to acquire, and <i>how</i> they may be acquired. Parents
+will find them a valuable aid in the instruction and amendment of their
+children.</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smallfont2"><i>In Press</i>,</span></p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smallfont2">ROLLO&#8217;S EXPERIMENTS.<br />
+ROLLO&#8217;S MUSEUM.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="large" />
+<h2>BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG,</h2>
+
+<p class="center">PUBLISHED BY</p>
+
+<h3>WEEKS, JORDAN, &amp; CO.</h3>
+
+<p><span class="smallfont2">WEEKS, JORDAN, &amp; CO. are engaged in publishing books for young persons,
+in the preparing of which particular attention will be given to
+furnishing reading which shall combine rational and innocent recreation
+with good moral influence. Those published are,</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smallfont2">
+CHARLES HARTLAND, or <span class="smcap">The Village Missionary</span>.<br />
+<span class="add1em">By the author of &#8220;The House I live in.&#8221; A work full of incident,</span><br />
+<span class="add1em">illustrating Christian principles in the young by example.</span><br />
+<br />
+UNCLE THOMAS&#8217;S STORIES OF SHIPWRECKS. By<br />
+<span class="add1em"><span class="smcap">Thomas Bingley</span>, author of &#8220;Stories about Dogs,&#8221; &amp;c.</span><br />
+<span class="add1em">With five engravings.</span><br />
+<br />
+LITTLE DOVE, by <span class="smcap">Krummacher</span>, and LITTLE DOWNY,<br />
+<span class="add1em">or <span class="smcap">The Field Mouse</span>.</span><br />
+<br />
+THE WARNING. By <span class="smcap">Mrs. Follen</span>. New Edition.<br />
+<br />
+HAPPY DAYS. By the author of &#8220;Happy Valley.&#8221;<br />
+<br />
+MARY HOWITT&#8217;S TALES IN PROSE.<br />
+<br />
+---- IN VERSE.<br />
+<br />
+---- NATURAL HISTORY.<br />
+<br />
+PICTURES AND STORIES FOR CHILDREN. By a Lady.<br />
+<br />
+VICTIMS OF GAMING, or <span class="smcap">Passages from the Diary of<br />
+<span class="add1em">an American Physician</span>.</span><br />
+<br />
+THREE WEEKS IN PALESTINE AND LEBANON.<br />
+<br />
+STORIES AND RHYMES FOR CHILDREN. By a Lady.<br />
+<br />
+ALNOMUC, or <span class="smcap">The Golden Rule</span>; A Tale of the Sea.<br />
+<span class="add1em">18 engravings.</span><br />
+<br />
+TEACHER&#8217;S PRESENT. With a copperplate.<br />
+<br />
+OLD IRONSIDE. By the author of &#8220;Alnomuc.&#8221; 24 engravings.<br />
+<br />
+PETER PARLEY&#8217;S METHOD OF TELLING ABOUT<br />
+<span class="add1em">THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE BIBLE.</span><br />
+<br />
+THE BOY AND THE BIRDS.<br />
+<br />
+ROSE AND HER LAMB.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="large" />
+<h3>FOOTNOTES</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a>
+See <a href="#Frontispiece">Frontispiece.</a></p></div>
+
+<hr class="large" />
+<h3>TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES</h3>
+
+<p><span class="smallfont2">1. Minor changes have been made to correct usage of punctuation; otherwise, every
+effort has been made to ensure that this etext is faithful to the original book.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smallfont2">2. The original Table of Contents incorrectly listed the first chapter as beginning on
+page 11; this has been corrected to reflect the first page as page 9.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="smallfont2">3. The footnote in the first chapter refers the reader to the
+Frontispiece; in fact, the Frontispiece refers to an event in seventh
+chapter. The Transcriber believes that the footnote should read "See
+page 23."</span></p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Rollo's Museum, by Jacob Abbott
+
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Rollo's Museum, by Jacob Abbott
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Rollo's Museum
+
+Author: Jacob Abbott
+
+Release Date: May 20, 2008 [EBook #25548]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ROLLO'S MUSEUM ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by D Alexander and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+ ROLLO'S
+
+ MUSEUM.
+
+ BY THE
+
+ AUTHOR OF ROLLO LEARNING TO TALK, TO
+ READ, AT WORK, AT PLAY, AT SCHOOL,
+ AT  VACATION, &c.
+
+ BOSTON:
+ WEEKS, JORDAN,  AND  COMPANY.
+ 1839.
+
+
+
+
+ Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1839,
+
+                     By T. H. CARTER,
+
+ In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of Massachusetts.
+
+ STEREOTYPED AT THE
+ BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY
+
+
+ [Illustration: Henry made a sudden plunge after him. _Page 119._]
+
+
+
+
+ CONTENTS.
+
+
+                                                            Page.
+
+ THE CANAL                                                    9
+ A FALSE ALARM                                               34
+ THE HEMLOCK-SEED                                            46
+ A LITTLE LAW                                                60
+ CONFUSION                                                   77
+ ORGANIZATION                                                88
+ CAUGHT,--AND GONE AGAIN                                    106
+ THE BAILMENT CASES                                         120
+ THE CURIOSITIES                                            136
+ THE SEA-SHORE                                              154
+ THE CLIFFS                                                 167
+ THE THREE NORTHMEN                                         179
+
+
+
+
+ROLLO'S MUSEUM.
+
+THE CANAL.
+
+
+It happened one summer, when Rollo was between seven and eight years of
+age, that there was a vacation at the school which he was attending at
+that time. The vacation commenced in the latter part of August, and was
+to continue for four or five weeks. Rollo had studied pretty hard at
+school, and he complained that his eyes ached sometimes.
+
+The day before the vacation commenced, his father became somewhat uneasy
+about his eyes; and so he took him to a physician, to see what should be
+done for them. The physician asked Rollo a good many questions, all of
+which Rollo endeavored to answer as correctly as he could.
+
+At length, the physician told Rollo's father that all he needed was to
+let his eyes rest. "I think he had better not use them at all," said he,
+"for reading or writing, for several weeks; and not to be out much in
+the hot sun."
+
+Rollo felt very much rejoiced at hearing this prescription, though still
+he looked very sober; for he felt somewhat awed and restrained by being
+in the doctor's office. There were a good many large books, in cases
+upon one side of the room; and strange, uncouth-looking pictures hanging
+up, which, so far as Rollo could see, did not look like any thing at
+all. Then there was an electric machine upon a stand in one corner,
+which he was afraid might in some way "shock" him; and some
+frightful-looking surgical instruments in a little case, which was open
+upon the table in the middle of the room.
+
+In fact, Rollo was very glad to escape safely out of the doctor's
+office; and he was, if possible, still more rejoiced that he had so
+light and easy a prescription. He had thought that, perhaps, the doctor
+would put something on his eyes, and bandage them up, so that he could
+not see at all; or else give him some black and bitter medicines to
+take every night and morning.
+
+Instead of that, he said to himself, as he came out at the door, "I have
+only got to keep from studying, and that will be capital. I can play all
+the time. True, I can't read any story books; but, then, I am willing to
+give the story books up, if I don't have to study."
+
+Rollo had usually been obliged to read, or study, or write a little,
+even in vacations; for his mother said that boys could not be happy to
+play all the time. Rollo, however, thought that she was mistaken in
+this. It is true that she had sometimes allowed him to try the
+experiment for a day or two, and in such cases he had always, somehow or
+other, failed of having a pleasant time. But then he himself always
+attributed the failure to some particular difficulty or source of
+trouble, which happened to come up then, but which would not be likely
+to occur again.
+
+In fact, in this opinion Rollo was partly correct. For it was true that
+each day, when he failed of enjoying himself, there was some peculiar
+reason for it, and exactly that reason would not be likely to exist
+another day. But then the difficulty with playing, or attempting to
+amuse one's self all the time, is, that it produces such a state of
+mind, that almost any thing becomes a source of uneasiness or
+dissatisfaction; and something or other is likely to occur, or there
+will be something or other wanting, which makes the time pass very
+heavily along.
+
+It is so with men as well as boys. Men sometimes are so situated that
+they have nothing to do but to try to amuse themselves. But these men
+are generally a very unhappy class. The poorest laborer, who toils all
+day at the hardest labor, is happier than they.
+
+So that the physician's prescription was, in reality, a far more
+disagreeable one than Rollo had imagined.
+
+When Rollo reached home, he told his mother that he was not to have any
+thing more to do with books for a month.
+
+"And you look as if you were glad of it," said she, with a smile.
+
+"Yes, mother, I am," said Rollo, "rather glad."
+
+"And what do you expect to do with yourself all that time?" said she.
+
+"O, I don't know," said Rollo. "Perhaps I shall help Jonas, a part of
+the time, about his work."
+
+"That will be a very good plan for a part of the time," said his mother;
+"though he is doing pretty hard work just now."
+
+"What is he doing?"
+
+"He is digging a little canal in the marsh, beyond the brook, to drain
+off the water."
+
+"O, I can dig," said Rollo, "and I mean to go now and help him."
+
+This was about the middle of the forenoon; and Rollo, taking a piece of
+bread for a luncheon, and a little tin dipper, to get some water with,
+to drink, out of the brook, walked along towards the great gate which
+led to the lane behind his father's house. It was a pleasant, green
+lane, and there were rows of raspberry-bushes on each side of it, along
+by the fences. Some years before, there had been no raspberries near the
+house; but one autumn, when Jonas had a good deal of ploughing to do
+down the lane, he ploughed up the ground by the fences in this lane,
+making one furrow every time he went up and down to his other work.
+Then in the spring he ploughed it again, and by this time the turf had
+rotted, and so the land had become mellow. Then Jonas went away with the
+wagon, one afternoon, about two miles, to a place where the raspberries
+were very abundant, and dug up a large number of them, and set them out
+along this lane, on both sides of it; and so, in a year or two, there
+was a great abundance of raspberries very near the house.
+
+Rollo stopped to eat some raspberries as he walked along. He thought
+they would do exceedingly well with his bread, to give a little variety
+to his luncheon. After he had eaten as many as he wanted, he thought he
+would gather his dipper full for Jonas, as he was busy at work, and
+could not have time to gather any for himself.
+
+He got his dipper full very quick, for the raspberries were thick and
+large. He thought it was an excellent plan for Jonas to plant the
+raspberry-bushes there; but then he thought it was a great deal of
+trouble to bring them all from so great a distance.
+
+"I wonder," said he to himself, as he sat upon a log, thinking of the
+subject, "why it would not have been just as well to plant raspberries
+themselves, instead of setting out the bushes. The raspberries must be
+the seeds. I mean to take some of these big ones, and try. I dare say
+they'll grow."
+
+But then he reflected that the spring was planting time, and he knew
+very well that raspberries would not keep till spring; and so he
+determined to ask Jonas about it. He accordingly rose up from the log,
+and walked along, carrying his dipper, very carefully, in his hand.
+
+At length, he reached the brook. There was a rude bridge over it made of
+two logs, placed side by side, and short boards nailed across them for a
+foot-way. It was only wide enough for persons to walk across. The cattle
+and teams always went across through the water, at a shallow place, just
+below the bridge.
+
+Rollo lay down upon the bridge, and looked into the water. There were
+some skippers and some whirlabouts upon the water. The skippers were
+long-legged insects, shaped somewhat like a cricket; and they stood
+tiptoe upon the surface of the water. Rollo wondered how they could keep
+up. Their feet did not sink into the water at all, and every now and
+then they would give a sort of leap, and away they would shoot over the
+surface, as if it had been ice. Rollo reached his hand down and tried to
+catch one, to examine his feet; but he could not succeed. They were too
+nimble for him. He thought that, if he could only catch one, and have an
+opportunity to examine his feet, he could see how it was that he could
+stand so upon the water. Rollo was considering whether it was possible
+or not, that Jonas might make something, like the skippers' feet, for
+_him_, to put upon his feet, so that _he_ might walk on the water, when
+suddenly he heard a bubbling sound in the brook, near the shore. He
+looked there, and saw some bubbles of air coming up out of the bottom,
+and rising to the top of the water. He thought this was very singular.
+It was not strange that the air should come up through the water to the
+top, for air is much lighter than water; the wonder was, how the air
+could ever get down there.
+
+From wondering at this extraordinary phenomenon, Rollo began to wonder
+at another quite different question; that is, where all the water in
+the brook could come from. He looked at a little cascade just above the
+bridge, where the water rushed through a narrow place between two rocks,
+and watched it a few minutes, wondering that it should continue running
+so all the time, forever; and surprised also that he had never wondered
+at it before.
+
+He looked into the clear, transparent current, which poured steadily
+down between the rocks, and said to himself,
+
+"Strange! There it runs and runs, all the time--all day, and all night;
+all summer, and all winter; all this year, and all last year, and every
+year. Where can all the water come from?"
+
+Then he thought that he should like to follow the brook up, and find
+where it came from; but he concluded that it must be a great way to go,
+through bushes, and rocks, and marshes; and he saw at once that the
+expedition was out of the question for him.
+
+Just then he heard another gurgling in the water near him, and, looking
+down, he saw more bubbles coming up to the surface, very near where they
+had come up before. Rollo thought he would get a stick, and see if he
+could not poke up the mud, and find out what there was down there, to
+make such a bubbling. He thought that perhaps it might be some sort of
+animal blowing.
+
+He went off of the bridge, therefore, and began to look about for a
+stick. He had just found one, when all at once he heard a noise in the
+bushes. He looked up suddenly, not knowing what was coming, but in a
+moment saw Jonas walking along towards him.
+
+"Ah, Jonas," said Rollo, "are you going home?"
+
+"Yes," said Jonas, "unless you will go for me."
+
+"Well," said Rollo, "what do you want me to get?"
+
+"I want some fire, to burn up some brush. You can bring out the
+lantern."
+
+"Very well," said Rollo, "I will go; only I wish you would tell me where
+these bubbles come from out of the bottom of the brook."
+
+"What bubbles?" said Jonas.
+
+So Rollo took his stick, and pushed the end of it down into the mud, and
+that made more bubbles come up.
+
+"They are bubbles of air," said Jonas.
+
+"But how comes the air down there," said Rollo, "under the water?"
+
+"I don't know," said Jonas; "and besides I must not stay and talk here;
+I must go back to my work. I will talk to you about it when you come
+back." So Jonas returned to his work, and Rollo went to the house again
+after the lantern.
+
+When he came back to the brook, he found that he could not make any more
+bubbles come up; but instead of that, his attention was attracted by
+some curiously colored pebbles near the shore. He put his hand down into
+the water, and took up two or three of them. He thought they were
+beautiful. Then he took his dipper, which had, all this time, been lying
+forgotten by the side of a log, on the shore, and walked along--the
+dipper full of raspberries in one hand, the lantern in the other, and
+his bright and beautiful pebbles in his pocket.
+
+Rollo followed the path along the banks of the brook under the trees,
+until at length he came out to the open ground where Jonas was at work.
+There was a broad meadow, or rather marsh, which extended back to some
+distance from the brook, and beyond it the land rose to a hill. Just at
+the foot of this high land, at the side of the marsh farthest from the
+brook, was a pool of water, which had been standing there all summer,
+and was half full of green slime. Jonas had been at work, cutting a
+canal, or drain, from the bank of the brook back to this pool, in order
+to let the water off. The last time that Rollo had seen the marsh, it
+had been very wet, so wet that it was impossible for him to walk over
+it; it was then full of green moss, and sedgy grass, and black mire,
+with tufts of flags, brakes, and cranberry-bushes, here and there all
+over it. If any person stepped upon it, he would immediately sink in,
+except in some places, where the surface was firm enough to bear one up,
+and there the ground quivered and fluctuated under the tread, for some
+distance around, showing that it was all soft below.
+
+When Rollo came out in view of the marsh, he saw Jonas at work away off
+in the middle of it, not very far from the pool. So he called out to him
+in a very loud voice,
+
+"Jo--nas!----hal--lo!"[A]
+
+[Footnote A: See Frontispiece.]
+
+Jonas, who had been stooping down at his work, rose up at hearing this
+call, and replied to Rollo.
+
+Rollo asked him how he should get across to him.
+
+"O, walk right along," said Jonas; "the ground is pretty dry now. Go up
+a little farther, and you will find my canal, and then you can follow it
+directly along."
+
+So Rollo walked on a little farther, and found the canal where it opened
+into the brook. He then began slowly and cautiously to walk along the
+side of the canal, into the marsh; and he was surprised to find how firm
+and dry the land was. He thought it was owing to Jonas's canal.
+
+"Jonas," said he, as he came up to where Jonas was at work, "this is an
+excellent canal; it has made the land almost dry already."
+
+"O, no," said Jonas, "my canal has not done any good yet."
+
+"What makes the bog so dry, then?" said Rollo.
+
+"O, it has been drying all summer, and draining off into the brook."
+
+"Draining off into the brook?" repeated Rollo.
+
+"Yes," said Jonas.
+
+"But there is not any drain," said Rollo; "at least there has not been,
+until you began to make your canal."
+
+"But the water soaks off slowly through the ground, and oozes out under
+the banks of the brook."
+
+"Does it?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," said Jonas; "and the only use of my canal is to make it run off
+faster."
+
+"Ah! now I know," said Rollo, half talking to himself.
+
+"Know what?" asked Jonas.
+
+"Why, where all the water of the brook comes from; at least, where some
+of it comes from."
+
+"How?" said Jonas. "I don't know what you mean."
+
+"Why, I could not think where all the water came from, to keep the brook
+running so fast all the time. But now I know that some of it has been
+coming all the time from this bog. Does it all come from bogs?"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+"Yes, from bogs, and hills, and springs, and from the soakings of all
+the land it comes through, from where it first begins."
+
+"Where does it first begin?" said Rollo.
+
+"O, it begins in some bog or other, perhaps; just a little dribbling
+stream oozing out from among roots and mire, and it continually grows as
+it runs."
+
+"Is that the way?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," said Jonas, "that is the way."
+
+During all this time Rollo had been standing with his lantern and his
+dipper in his hands, while Jonas had continued his digging. Rollo now
+put the lantern down, and handed the dipper to Jonas, telling him that
+he had brought him some raspberries.
+
+Jonas seemed quite pleased with his raspberries. While he was eating
+them, Rollo asked him if a raspberry was a seed.
+
+"No," said Jonas. "The whole raspberry is not, the seeds are _in_ the
+raspberry. They are very small. When you eat a raspberry, you can feel
+the little seeds, by biting them with your teeth."
+
+Rollo determined to pick some seeds out, and see how they looked; but
+Jonas told him that the way to get them out was to wash them out in
+water.
+
+"Take some of these raspberries," said he, "in the dipper to the brook,
+and pour in some water over them. Then take a stick and jam the
+raspberries all up, and stir them about, and then pour off the water,
+but keep the seeds in. Next, pour in some more water, and wash the seeds
+over again, and so on, until the seeds are all separated from the pulp,
+and left clean."
+
+"Is that the way they get raspberry seeds?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," said Jonas, "I believe so. I never tried it myself; but I have
+heard them say that that is the way they do with raspberries, and
+strawberries, and all such fruits."
+
+Rollo immediately went and washed out some seeds as Jonas had directed,
+and when he came back he spread them out upon a piece of birch bark to
+dry. While they were there, Jonas let him kindle the pile of brush wood,
+which he had been intending to burn. It had been lying all summer, and
+had got very dry. In the mean time, Jonas continued digging his canal,
+and was gradually approaching the pool of water. When he had got pretty
+near the pool, he stopped digging the canal, and went to the pool
+itself. He rolled a pretty large log into the edge of it, for him to
+stand upon; and with his hoe he dug a trench, beginning as far in the
+pool as he could reach with his hoe, while standing upon his log, and
+working gradually out towards where he had left digging the canal. The
+bottom of the pool was very soft and slimy; but he contrived to get a
+pretty deep and wide trench out quite to the margin, and a little
+beyond.
+
+"Now," said he to Rollo, "I am going to dig the canal up to the end of
+this trench, and then the water will all run very freely."
+
+There was now a narrow neck of land between the end of the canal and the
+beginning of the trench; and as Jonas went on digging the canal along,
+this neck grew narrower and narrower. Rollo began to be impatient to see
+the water run. He wanted Jonas to let him hoe a little passage, so as to
+let it begin to run a little.
+
+"No," said Jonas.
+
+"Why not?" said Rollo.
+
+"There are two good reasons," he replied. "The first is, it will spoil
+my work, and the second is, it will spoil your play."
+
+"What do you mean by that?" said Rollo.
+
+"Why, if I let the water run a little now, it will flood me here, where
+I am digging, and make all muddy; and I cannot finish my canal so
+easily; so it will spoil my work. Then, besides, we want to see the
+water run in a torrent; but if I let you dig a little trench along
+across the neck, so as to let it off by degrees, you will not take half
+as much pleasure in seeing it run, as you will to wait until it is all
+ready. So it will spoil your play."
+
+Rollo did not reply to this, and Jonas went on digging.
+
+"Well," said Rollo, after a short pause, "I wish, Jonas, you would tell
+me how the bubbles of air get down into the mud, at the bottom of the
+brook."
+
+"I don't know," said Jonas.
+
+"It seems to me it is very extraordinary," said Rollo.
+
+"It is somewhat extraordinary. I have thought of another extraordinary
+phenomenon somewhat like it."
+
+"What is that?" said Rollo.
+
+"The rain," replied Jonas.
+
+"The rain?" said Rollo; "how?"
+
+"Why, the rain," replied Jonas, "is water coming down out of the air;
+and the bubbles are air coming up out of the water."
+
+"Then it is exactly the opposite of it," said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," said Jonas.
+
+"But you said it was _like_ it."
+
+"Well, and so it is," Jonas replied.
+
+"Like it, and yet exactly opposite to it! Jonas, that is impossible."
+
+"Why, yes," said Jonas, "the air gets down into the water, and you
+wonder how it can, when it is so much lighter than water. So water gets
+up into the air, and I wonder how it can, when it is so much heavier. So
+that the difficulty is just about the same."
+
+"No," said Rollo, "it is just about opposite."
+
+"Very well," said Jonas. Jonas never would dispute. Whenever any body
+said any thing that he did not think was correct, he would sometimes try
+to explain it; but then, if they persisted, he would generally say "Very
+well," and that would prevent all dispute. This is an excellent way to
+prevent disputes, or to end them when they are begun.
+
+While Jonas was digging slowly along through the neck of land, Rollo was
+rambling about among the bushes, and at length Jonas heard a sudden
+scream from him. Jonas looked up, and saw Rollo scrambling away from a
+little thicket, and then presently stopping to look back, apparently
+frightened.
+
+"What now, Rollo?" said Jonas.
+
+"Here is a great hornets' nest," said Rollo.
+
+Jonas laid down his spade, and went to where Rollo was. Rollo pointed to
+a little bush, where Jonas saw, hanging to a bough, not far from the
+ground, a small hornets' nest, about as big as a common snow-ball, and
+as round. Jonas walked slowly up towards it, watching it very
+attentively, as he advanced.
+
+"O Jonas! Jonas!" exclaimed Rollo, "you'd better be careful. Jonas!
+Jonas! you'll get stung."
+
+Jonas paid no attention to what Rollo was saying, but still kept moving
+slowly on towards the bush. When he got pretty near, he took his knife
+out of his pocket, and advancing one step more, he took hold of the end
+of the branch with one hand, and cut it off close to the tree, with the
+other. Rollo, in the mean time, had run backwards several steps to avoid
+the danger; still, however, keeping his eyes fixed upon Jonas.
+
+Jonas brought the nest out of the thicket.
+
+"Jonas!" said Rollo, in a tone of strong remonstrance, "you are crazy."
+
+"There are no hornets in it," said Jonas, quietly.
+
+He brought out the nest, and held it so that he and Rollo could see it.
+
+"The hornets have made it of brown paper," said he.
+
+"Brown paper," said Rollo. "Where do they get the brown paper?"
+
+"O, they make the brown paper too."
+
+"Ho!" said Rollo; "hornets can't make paper."
+
+"Think not?" said Jonas. Jonas was always careful not to contradict,
+even when he supposed that Rollo was mistaken.
+
+Rollo said he was _sure_ that hornets could not make paper. Then Jonas
+took off a little shred from the hornets' nest, and compared it with
+some brown paper which he had in his pocket; and he explained to Rollo
+that the hornets' nest was made of little fibres adhering to each
+other, just as the fibres of the paper did.
+
+"It is the same article," he said, "and made of the same materials; only
+they manufacture it in a different way. So I don't see why it is not
+proper to call it paper."
+
+"_I_ don't think it is paper," said Rollo; "nothing is paper but what
+men make."
+
+"Very well," said Jonas, "we won't dispute about the name."
+
+So Jonas returned to his work, and Rollo said that he meant to carry the
+hornets' nest home, and show it to Nathan. He accordingly laid it down
+by the side of his fire, near the dipper and the raspberry seeds.
+
+In a short time, Jonas reduced the neck of ground, where he was digging,
+to a very narrow wall, and he called Rollo to come and see him let out
+the water. He took the shovel, and he told Rollo to take the hoe, so
+that, as soon as he should break down this wall, they could both be at
+work, digging out the passage way, so as to get it cleared as soon as
+possible.
+
+He accordingly began, and soon made a breach, through which the water
+rushed with considerable force into the canal, and then wandered along
+rapidly towards the outlet into the brook. Rollo pulled away with his
+hoe, hauling out mud, moss, grass, and water, up upon the bank where he
+stood; and Jonas also kept at work clearing the passage with the spade.
+In a short time they had got a fine, free course for the water, and then
+they stood still, one on each side of the bank, watching the torrent as
+it poured through.
+
+At length, the water in the pool began to subside gradually, and then it
+did not run so fast through the canal; and pretty soon after this, Jonas
+said he thought it was time for them to go home to dinner. So Rollo put
+up his raspberry seeds in a paper, and put them into his pocket, and
+carried his hornets' nest in his hand. Jonas took the dipper and the
+lantern, and thus the boys walked along together.
+
+
+
+
+A FALSE ALARM.
+
+
+As Rollo and Jonas walked along towards home, Rollo told Jonas that he
+thought he had been very successful in collecting curiosities that day.
+
+"Why, what curiosities have you got besides your hornets' nest?" asked
+Jonas.
+
+"Why, there are my raspberry seeds," said Rollo; "I think they are a
+curiosity; and besides that, I have got some very beautiful, bright
+pebbles in my pocket."
+
+"Let us see them," said Jonas.
+
+So Rollo put his hand into his pocket, and drew forth several pebbles;
+but they were by no means as beautiful as he had imagined. They looked
+rough and dull.
+
+"They _were_ very bright, when I got them," said Rollo.
+
+"That is because they were wet," said Jonas. "Pebbles always look
+brightest and most beautiful when they are in their own proper place, in
+the brook; and that is the reason why I think it is generally best to
+leave them there."
+
+Rollo looked at his faded pebbles with an air of disappointment. He
+asked Jonas if there was no way of keeping them bright all the time.
+
+"I think it probable that they might be oiled, and the oil would not
+dry."
+
+"Ho!" said Rollo, "I should not like to have them oiled."
+
+"Nor I," said Jonas; "I should rather leave them in the brook."
+
+"But is not there any other way?"
+
+"They might be varnished," said Jonas. "That would bring out the colors;
+and the varnish would dry, so that you could handle them."
+
+"That would do," said Rollo, "if I only had some varnish."
+
+"But the best way is to _polish_ them," said Jonas.
+
+"How is that done?" asked Rollo.
+
+"O, it is very hard to do," replied Jonas. "They grind them on stones,
+and then they polish them on polishing wheels."
+
+"I wish I could do it," said Rollo.
+
+"It is not worth while to take so much pains with any of _your_
+curiosities," said Jonas, "because you very soon get tired of them, and
+throw them away."
+
+"O, no," said Rollo, "_I_ never throw them away."
+
+"You leave them lying about the house and yard, then, and so other
+people throw them away."
+
+Rollo knew that this was true, and so he did not contradict Jonas.
+
+"It's not of much use to collect curiosities," said Jonas, "unless you
+have a museum."
+
+"A museum?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes, that is a cabinet to put them in, and keep them safe. Then, when
+you have done looking at them yourself, you put them away safely; and,
+after a time, you get a great many collected, and you take pleasure in
+looking them over from time to time, and showing them to other boys that
+come to see you."
+
+"Well," said Rollo, "I should like to have a museum."
+
+"O, _you_ could not keep one," said Jonas.
+
+"Why not?" said Rollo.
+
+"You have not patience and perseverance enough. You would be very much
+pleased with it for a day or two; but then you would get interested in
+other plays, and let your museum all get into disorder."
+
+Rollo was silent. He knew that what Jonas said was true.
+
+"I don't know but that your cousin Lucy might keep a museum," said
+Jonas; "she is more careful than you are."
+
+"And cousin James could help us find the curiosities," said Rollo.
+
+"So he could," said Jonas. "I think it might be a very good plan."
+
+"But what shall we have for our cabinet to put them in?" said Rollo.
+
+"Why, sometimes they have something like a book-case," replied Jonas,
+"with shelves and glass doors. Then the curiosities are all put upon the
+shelves, and you can see them through the glass doors. But this can only
+be done with very valuable curiosities."
+
+"Why?" asked Rollo.
+
+"Because such a case, with glass doors, costs a good deal of money; and
+it is not worth while to pay so much money only to keep common things,
+such as your pebble stones."
+
+"But we have got such a book-case, already made; it is in mother's
+chamber," said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," said Jonas; "but it is full of books. Sometimes they keep a
+museum in the drawers of a bureau; but that is not a very good plan."
+
+"Why not?" said Rollo.
+
+"Because, when you open and shut the drawers, it joggles the curiosities
+about."
+
+"Does it?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," replied Jonas. "But there is one thing you can do--I did not
+think of it before. There is a good large box in the barn, and I can put
+some shelves into it, and make the cover into a door; and if you want to
+collect a museum, you can do it in that. You can keep it out in the play
+room, and so it will not trouble any body in the house."
+
+Jonas meant, by _the play room_, a pretty large room, in the barn, made
+originally for a sort of granary, but which the children were accustomed
+to use for a play room.
+
+Rollo was very much pleased with this plan. He determined to collect a
+museum, and to put his hornets' nest in it for the first thing. As soon
+as he got home, as he found that dinner was not quite ready, he and
+Jonas went out into the barn to look at the box. It was a large box,
+which had been made to pack up a bureau in, so that the bureau should
+not get injured in the wagon which it was brought home in. As it
+happened, the box was smooth inside and out, and the cover of it was
+made of two boards, which Jonas had taken off carefully, when he took
+the bureau out, and had then tacked them on again; thinking that he
+might perhaps want it some time or other,--box, covers, and all.
+
+Now it happened, as it generally does to persons who take care of
+things, that the article which Jonas thus preserved, came into use
+exactly. The box, he said, would be just the thing. He showed Rollo how
+he could place it so that it would make a convenient sort of cabinet.
+
+"I can put it upon its end," said he, "and then I can put on the two
+cover boards with hinges,--one pair of hinges on each side; then the
+covers will make little doors, and it will open like a book case, only
+it will not be quite so elegant."
+
+"I think it will be very elegant indeed," said Rollo; "and you can make
+it for us this afternoon."
+
+"No," said Jonas; "not this afternoon."
+
+"Why not?" said Rollo.
+
+"O, I must attend to my work in the meadow."
+
+"O, no," said Rollo. "I mean to ask my father to let you make it this
+afternoon."
+
+"No; I'd rather you wouldn't," said Jonas.
+
+"Why not?" asked Rollo. "I know he will let you."
+
+"Yes, I suppose he would let me, if you were to ask him; but that would
+spoil the museum."
+
+"Spoil it?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," said Jonas. "The way to spoil any pleasure is to neglect duty for
+the sake of it. Work first, and play afterwards. That's the rule."
+
+"Well, but, Jonas, we want to begin our museum this afternoon."
+
+"Very well," said Jonas; "you may begin collecting your curiosities, you
+know; and you can put them all in a safe place, and have them all ready
+to put in when I get the case made."
+
+Rollo did not quite like this plan; but he knew that Jonas was always
+firm when it was a question of right and wrong, and so he said no more;
+only, after a moment's pause, he asked Jonas when he _would_ make the
+cabinet.
+
+"The first rainy day," replied Jonas.
+
+"Then I hope it will rain to-morrow," said Rollo; and he went out of the
+barn to see if it was not cloudy. But the sun shone bright, and the sky
+was clear and serene.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+While Rollo was looking up at the sky, trying to find some appearance of
+rain, he heard a chaise coming, and looking out into the road, he saw
+that his cousin James was in it.
+
+"Ah," said he to himself, "there comes cousin James! Now I will have a
+frolic with him, by means of my hornets' nest."
+
+So Rollo ran into the garden, and slyly fixed his hornets' nest up in a
+lilac bush; and then ran out to the front of the house to find his
+cousin. But his cousin was nowhere to be found. The chaise was at the
+door, the horse being fastened to a post; but nobody was near it. So
+Rollo went into the house to see if he could find James.
+
+They told him in the house that James had gone through the house into
+the yard, in pursuit of Rollo.
+
+Rollo then ran out again, and at length found James, and after talking
+with him a minute, he said,
+
+"Come, James, let us go into the garden."
+
+So they walked along towards the garden, Rollo telling James, by the
+way, about the canal which Jonas had made that day. At length, when they
+reached the lilac bush, Rollo looked up, and started in pretended
+fright, saying,
+
+"O James! look there!"
+
+"O!" exclaimed James; "it is a hornets' nest."
+
+"So 'tis," said Rollo; "run! run!"
+
+James and Rollo started off at these words, and away they ran down the
+alley, Rollo convulsed with laughter at the success of his stratagem. At
+length they stopped.
+
+"Now, how shall we get back?" said James. For the lilac, upon which
+Rollo had put the hornets' nest, was close to the garden gate.
+
+"I am not afraid to go," said Rollo.
+
+So Rollo walked along boldly; James following slowly and with a timid
+air, remonstrating with Rollo for his temerity.
+
+"Rollo!" said he, "Rollo! take care. You had better not go."
+
+But what was his surprise and astonishment at seeing Rollo go
+deliberately up to the bush, and take down the twig that had the
+hornets' nest attached to it, and hold it out towards him!
+
+"I put it up there," said Rollo. "There are no hornets in it."
+
+Still, James was somewhat afraid. He knew of course, now, that there
+could be no hornets in it; but, still, the association of the idea of
+danger was so strong with the sight of a hornets' nest, that he could
+not feel quite easy. At length, however, he came up near to it, and
+examined it attentively.
+
+"What made you frighten me so, Rollo?" said he.
+
+"O, only for fun," said Rollo.
+
+"But you deceived me," said James; "and I don't think that that was
+right. It is never right to deceive."
+
+"O, I only did it for fun," said Rollo.
+
+James insisted upon it that it was wrong, and Rollo that it was not
+wrong; and finally they concluded to leave it to Jonas. So they both
+went to him, and told him the story.
+
+"Wasn't it wrong?" asked James.
+
+"It wasn't--was it?" said Rollo.
+
+"It was deception," added James.
+
+"But it was only in fun," said Rollo.
+
+"One or the other of you must be to blame," said Jonas.
+
+"How?" asked Rollo.
+
+"Why, James seems displeased with you for frightening him so; and now,
+either you must have done wrong, and given him just cause for his
+displeasure, or else, if you did right, then his displeasure is
+unreasonable, and so it is ill humor."
+
+The boys did not answer.
+
+"So that the question is, Did Rollo do wrong? or, Is James out of
+humor?"
+
+"Why, I think deception is always wrong," said James.
+
+"Did you ever play blind-man's-buff?" asked Jonas.
+
+"Yes," replied James.
+
+"And did you ever go and squeak in a corner, and then creep away, to
+make the blind man think you were there, and so go groping after you?"
+
+"Why, yes," said James; "but that is not deception."
+
+"Why, don't you try to make the blind man think you are in the corner,
+when, in fact, you have gone?"
+
+"Yes," said James.
+
+"And is not that trying to deceive him?"
+
+"Yes--" said James, hesitating, "but,--I think that that is a very
+different thing."
+
+"How is it different?" said Jonas.
+
+It is probable that James would have found some difficulty in answering
+this question; but, in fact, he did not have the opportunity to try,
+for, just then, he heard some one calling him, and he and Rollo went
+into the house. They wanted him to go, and so he got into the chaise and
+rode away, promising to come and see Rollo in the afternoon, if he could
+get permission. Soon after this, Rollo sat down, with the rest of the
+family, to dinner. He determined to commence in earnest the work of
+collecting curiosities that afternoon.
+
+
+
+
+THE HEMLOCK-SEED.
+
+
+James came to play with Rollo that afternoon, and Rollo explained to him
+his plan of collecting a museum of curiosities. James was very much
+interested in it indeed, and he said that he had some shells and some
+Guinea peas at home, which he would put into it.
+
+Rollo went to show him the box out of which Jonas was going to make the
+cabinet the first rainy day. Then the boys went out again to see if
+there were yet any signs of a storm. But they looked in vain. There were
+no clouds to be seen, except here and there a few of those white, fleecy
+tufts floating in the heavens, which indicate fair weather rather than
+rain.
+
+The boys played together in the yard for some time. Among other things,
+they amused themselves by collecting some flowers, and pressing them in
+a book. Suddenly James said,
+
+"O Rollo, let us go and get some blue-bells to press; they will be
+beautiful."
+
+"Where?" said Rollo.
+
+"Among the rocks by the road, beyond the bridge," said James. "There are
+plenty of them among those rocks."
+
+The place which James referred to, was a rocky precipice by the road
+side, about a quarter of a mile from the house; just at the entrance of
+a small village. Rollo approved of the proposal, and he went in and
+asked his mother's permission to go.
+
+She consented, and Rollo, when he came back through the kitchen, said to
+Dorothy, who was sitting at the window, sewing,
+
+"Dorothy, we are going to get some blue-bells to press."
+
+"Ah!" said Dorothy. "Where are you going for them?"
+
+"O, out by the bridge," said Rollo, as he passed on to go out at the
+door.
+
+"O Rollo!" said she, calling out to him suddenly, as if she recollected
+something; "stop a minute."
+
+So Rollo came back to hear what she had to say.
+
+"You are going pretty near the village."
+
+"Yes," said Rollo.
+
+"And could you be so kind as to do an errand for me?"
+
+"Yes," said Rollo; "what is it?"
+
+Then Dorothy went to her work-table, and began to open it, saying all
+the time,
+
+"I want you to get some medicine for Sarah, for she is sick."
+
+Sarah was a friend of Dorothy's, who lived at another house, not far
+from Rollo's; and Rollo used sometimes to see her at his father's, when
+she came over to see Dorothy. She was in very feeble health, and now
+wanted some medicines. Dorothy had been over at the house where she
+lived that day, and had found that the doctor had left her a
+prescription; but she had nobody to send for it, and she was not quite
+able to go herself. So Dorothy told her that if she would let her have
+the money, she would ask Rollo or Jonas to go.
+
+So Sarah gave her a dollar bill, and in order to keep it safe, she put
+it in a little morocco wallet, and tied it up securely with a string.
+This wallet was what Dorothy was looking for, in her work-table. She
+took it out, and untied the string. She opened the wallet, and showed
+Rollo the money in one of the pockets, and a small piece of white paper,
+upon which was written the names of the medicines which the doctor
+wished Sarah to take. Such a writing is called a _prescription_.
+
+Rollo looked at the prescription to see what sort of medicines it was
+that he was to get, but he could not read it. The words were short and
+strange, and had periods at the end of them,--which Rollo told Dorothy
+was wrong, as periods ought to be only at the end of a sentence. Then
+there were strange characters and marks at the ends of the lines; and
+Rollo, after examining it attentively, said he could not read a word of
+it, and he did not believe that the apothecary could. However, he said
+he was willing to take it to him, and let him try.
+
+He accordingly put the prescription back again carefully into the
+wallet, and Dorothy tied it up. Then he put it into his pocket, and went
+out to James. He found James waiting by the gate, and they both walked
+along together.
+
+He and James had each a book to put their blue-bells in. They walked
+along, talking about their flowers, until at length they reached the
+bridge. Just beyond it was the rocky precipice, with shrubs and
+evergreens growing upon the shelves and in the crevices, and spaces
+between the rocks. It towered up pretty high above the road, and the
+declivity extended also down to the brook below the bridge, forming one
+side of the deep ravine across which the bridge was built. There was a
+very large, old hemlock-tree growing upon a small piece of level ground
+between the ravine and the higher part of the precipice. Under this
+hemlock-tree was a large, smooth, flat stone, where the boys used very
+often to come and sit, when they came to play among these rocks.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The boys rambled about among the rocks, sometimes down in the ravine and
+near the brook, and sometimes very high up among the rocks. They were
+both pretty good climbers, and there were no very dangerous places, for
+there were no high, perpendicular precipices. They found blue-bells in
+abundance, and several other flowers. They also found a variety of
+brakes, of different forms and colors. They determined to gather as many
+flowers as they could, and then go down to the hemlock-tree, and
+there look them over, and select those best to be pressed; and then put
+them carefully into their books there. Then they could carry them home
+safely; they would, in fact, be in press all the way.
+
+After rambling and climbing about for half an hour, the boys went down
+to the flat rock, under the hemlock, with large bunches of plants and
+flowers in their hands. Here they sat another half hour, looking over
+their specimens, and putting them into their books. At length, Rollo
+picked up a singular-looking thing, which was lying down by the side of
+the stone under the tree. It was about as big as his thumb, and somewhat
+pointed at the ends. It was black, and rather glossy, and the surface
+was marked regularly with little ridges. James could not imagine what it
+was; but Rollo told him that he thought it must be a hemlock-seed. The
+truth was, that it was a great _chrysalis_, though Rollo did not find it
+out till long afterwards.
+
+"A hemlock-seed!" said James.
+
+"Yes," said Rollo; "I have seen the cones which grow on fir-trees, and
+they are a good deal like this."
+
+"But they are not so handsome," said James.
+
+"I know it," said Rollo; "they are not so handsome. This is the most
+beautiful one I ever saw."
+
+"We can plant it," said James, "next spring."
+
+"Yes," said Rollo; "and then we can have a great hemlock-tree near our
+house."
+
+"But we shall have to wait a great many years," said James.
+
+"O, no, not a great many," said Rollo. "It is such a great seed, I think
+it would grow pretty fast."
+
+But James did not like the idea of planting it very well. He proposed
+that they should keep it, for a curiosity, in their museum. Rollo
+insisted, at first, upon planting it; but at length, reflecting that it
+was not then the right season to plant it, he concluded to put it into
+the museum, with his raspberry-seeds, until the next spring, and to
+plant it then.
+
+So Rollo put the hemlock-seed into his pocket, and he and James took
+their books under their arms, with a great many flowers and plants
+carefully placed between the leaves, and walked along towards the
+village. When they arrived at the apothecary's, Rollo put his book down
+upon the counter, and then took the wallet from his pocket, and untied
+the string, and took the prescription out, and handed it to the
+apothecary. The apothecary was talking with another man, at the time;
+but he took the prescription, and Rollo watched his countenance to see
+how perplexed and puzzled he would look, when he tried to read it.
+Instead, however, of appearing perplexed and puzzled, the apothecary
+only glanced his eye over it, and laid it down upon the counter, and
+immediately began to look upon his shelves to find the articles.
+
+"That's strange!" said Rollo to himself. "He reads it as easily as I
+should a guide board."
+
+While the apothecary was weighing out his medicines, Rollo was very much
+interested in looking at the little pair of scales in which he weighed
+them. Rollo never had seen so small a pair of scales. The weights, too,
+were small, square weights of brass, with little figures stamped upon
+them. He asked the apothecary what such scales as those would cost. He
+answered that they were of various prices, from one dollar to five.
+Rollo thought that that was too much for him to give; but while he was
+thinking whether his father would probably be willing to let him have a
+dollar to buy a pair with, James said that he wished _he_ had such a
+pair of scales.
+
+"So do I," said Rollo; "then we could play keep store. We could have our
+store out in the play room, and weigh things."
+
+"So we could," said James. "We could put a long board upon two barrels
+for a counter."
+
+"O, you must _make_ your scales, boys," said the apothecary.
+
+"How can we make them?" said Rollo.
+
+"Why, you can get a good, stout knitting-needle for a beam. Tie a silk
+thread around the middle of it to hold it up by, and slip it along until
+you get it so that the needle will exactly balance. Then for scales, you
+must cut out two round pieces of thin pasteboard. Then take three
+threads for each scale, and run them through the pasteboard, near the
+edge, and at equal distances from each other. You must tie knots at the
+lower ends of the threads to keep them from drawing through. Then you
+must gather the other ends of the threads together, about half a foot
+from the pasteboard, and tie them to the ends of the knitting-needle,
+one on each side; and that will make a very respectable pair of scales
+for you."
+
+"But what shall we do for weights?" asked Rollo.
+
+"O, weights!--yes, you must have some weights. You must make them of
+lead. I will show you how."
+
+So the apothecary took a small piece of sheet lead, rather thin, and cut
+off a little square of it. He then put it into one of his scale
+balances, and put a thin, square weight of brass, similar to it, into
+the other scale. The lead weight was a little too heavy. He then clipped
+off a very little with his scissors. This made it about right. Then,
+with the point of his scissors, he scratched a figure 1 upon it.
+"There," said he, "boys, there is a standard for you."
+
+"What is a standard?" said Rollo, taking up the weight.
+
+"Why, it is a weight made exactly correct, for you to keep, and make
+yours by. It is a _one-grain_ weight. I will give you some sheet lead,
+and when you get home and have made your scales, you can cut off another
+piece, and weigh it by that, and so you will have two one-grain weights.
+Then you can put those two into one scale, and a piece of lead as big as
+both of them into the other scale, and when you have made it exactly as
+heavy as both of the others, you must mark a figure 2 upon it, and then
+you will have a _two-grain_ weight. In the same way you can make a
+_five-grain_ weight, and a _ten-grain_ weight, and a pennyweight."
+
+"What is a pennyweight?" said Rollo.
+
+"It is a weight as heavy as twenty-four grains."
+
+"The pennyweight will be very big, then," said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," said the apothecary; "but you can take a little strip of lead
+like a ribbon, and then roll it up, when you have made it just heavy
+enough, and then it will not take up much room. So you can make another
+roll for two pennyweights, and another for five pennyweights, and
+another for ten pennyweights."
+
+"And another for twenty pennyweights," said James.
+
+"Yes; only twenty pennyweights make an ounce. So you will call that an
+_ounce_ weight. But you cannot weigh more than an ounce, I should think,
+in your knitting-needle scales."
+
+By this time the apothecary had put up the medicines, and he gave them
+to Rollo. There was a middle-sized parcel, and a very small parcel, and
+small, round box. Rollo put them all into the pocket of his pantaloons.
+Then he opened his wallet, and took out the bill, and gave it to the
+apothecary. The apothecary handed him the change. It was half a dollar,
+and one small piece of silver besides. Rollo put the change back into
+the wallet, and tied it up just as it had been before, and then crowded
+the wallet back into his pocket, by the side of the parcels which the
+apothecary had given him.
+
+
+
+
+A LITTLE LAW.
+
+
+That evening, when Rollo's father came home, he went out at the door
+leading to the garden yard, and looked into the yard to see if Rollo was
+there. He was not to be seen.
+
+His father then took the bell which always hung in the entry, and began
+to ring it at the door. This bell was the one that was rung for
+breakfast, dinner, and supper; and when Rollo was out, they generally
+called him in, by ringing it at the door.
+
+While Rollo's father was ringing the bell, Dorothy opened the door which
+led from the kitchen into the entry, and said to Rollo's father,
+
+"Are you ringing for Rollo, sir?"
+
+"Yes," he replied.
+
+"He has gone to the village," said Dorothy. "He has gone back to look
+for a pocket-book, which he dropped, coming home, or else left at the
+apothecary's."
+
+"A pocket-book?" said his father, with surprise.
+
+"Yes, sir," said Dorothy. "He went to get some medicine for Sarah, and,
+when he came home, the pocket-book was missing."
+
+"Was there any money in it?" said he.
+
+"Yes, sir," replied Dorothy.
+
+"How much?"
+
+"I don't know, sir, how much."
+
+Rollo's father then put the bell back into its place, and walked again
+into the parlor. He was afraid that there was a good deal of money in
+the pocket-book, and that it was all lost.
+
+He, however, went on attending to his own business, until by and by he
+heard Rollo's voice in the kitchen. He called him in. Rollo and James
+came in together.
+
+"Have you found the pocket-book?" asked Mr. Holiday.
+
+"No, sir," said Rollo; "I have looked all along the road, and inquired
+at the apothecary's; but I can't find any thing of it."
+
+"Well, now, I want you to tell me the whole story; and especially, if
+you have done wrong about it, in any way, don't attempt to smooth and
+gloss it over, but tell me that part more plainly and distinctly and
+fully than any other."
+
+"Well, sir," said Rollo, with a very serious air, "I will.
+
+"We went to the apothecary's to get some medicines for Sarah. When I was
+there, I put the change in the wallet, and put the wallet in this
+pocket."
+
+"It was a wallet, then," said his father.
+
+"Yes," replied Rollo, "a wallet, or a small pocket-book. I suppose now,
+that it would have been better to have put it in some other pocket;
+because that was pretty full. So in that, I suppose, I did wrong. Then
+James and I came home, only we did not walk along directly; we played
+about a little from one side of the road to the other, and then we went
+under the great hemlock-tree, to see if we could not find another
+hemlock-seed."
+
+"Another hemlock-seed?" said his father.
+
+"Yes, sir," said Rollo; "I suppose it is a hemlock-seed."
+
+"What was it? a sort of a cone?"
+
+"Yes, sir," said Rollo; "with ridges upon it."
+
+Now it is true that pines, firs, and other evergreens bear a sort of
+cone, which contains their seed; and Rollo's father thought, from
+Rollo's description, that it was one of these cones which Rollo had
+found. In fact, the cone was somewhat similar in shape, though, if he
+had shown it to his father, he would have known immediately that it was
+a very different thing. Rollo put his hand into his pocket to show the
+supposed hemlock-seed to his father, but it was not there. He had left
+it out in the play room.
+
+"Very well," said his father, "I don't know that I ever saw the cone of
+the hemlock; but, very probably, this is one of them. But go on, about
+the pocket-book."
+
+"Well, sir,--when we got home, I took out the medicines, but the
+pocket-book was nowhere to be found; and I have been back with James,
+and we have looked all along the road, and under the hemlock-tree, and
+we have inquired at the apothecary's; but we cannot find it any where."
+
+"How much money was there in the wallet?" said his father.
+
+"Half a dollar, and a little more," said Rollo.
+
+Rollo's father felt somewhat relieved at finding that the loss was,
+after all, not very large. He placed confidence in Rollo's account of
+the facts, and having thus ascertained how the case stood, he began to
+consider what was to be done.
+
+"It is a case of bailment," said he to Rollo, "and the question is,
+whether you are liable."
+
+"A case of _what_?" said Rollo.
+
+"Bailment," said his father. "When one person intrusts another with his
+property for any purpose, it is called _bailing_ it to him. The wallet
+and the money were bailed to you. The law relating to such transactions
+is called _the law of bailment_. And the question is, whether, according
+to the law of bailment, you ought to pay for this loss."
+
+Rollo seemed surprised at such a serious and legal view of the subject
+being taken; he waited, however, to hear what more his father had to
+say.
+
+"I don't suppose," continued his father, "that Sarah will commence an
+action against you; but law is generally justice, and to know what we
+ought to do in cases like this, it is generally best to inquire what the
+law requires us to do."
+
+"Well, sir," said Rollo, "and how is it?"
+
+"Why, you see," said his father, "there are various kinds of bailments.
+A thing may be bailed to you for _your_ benefit; as, for instance, if
+James were to lend you his knife, the knife would be a bailment to you
+for your benefit. But if he were to ask you to carry his knife somewhere
+to be mended, and you should take it, then it would be a bailment to you
+for _his_ benefit."
+
+"Well, sir, I took the wallet for Sarah's benefit, not mine," said
+Rollo.
+
+"The law requires," continued his father, "that you should take greater
+care of any thing, if it is bailed to you for _your_ benefit, than it
+does if it is for the benefit of the bailor. For instance, if you were
+to borrow James's knife for your own benefit, and were to lose it, even
+without any special carelessness, you ought to get him another; for it
+was solely for your advantage, that you took it, and so it ought to be
+at your risk. But if he asked you to take the knife to get it mended for
+_his_ benefit; then, if you accidentally lose it, without any particular
+carelessness, you ought not to pay for it; for it was placed in your
+hands for his _advantage_, and so it ought to be at his _risk_."
+
+"Well," said Rollo, "the wallet was given to me for Sarah's advantage,
+not mine; and so I ought not to pay for it."
+
+"That depends upon whether it was lost through gross carelessness, or
+not. For when any thing is bailed to you for the benefit of the owner,
+if it is lost or injured through _gross carelessness_, then the law
+makes you liable. As, for instance, suppose you take James's knife to
+get it mended, and on your way you throw it over the fence among the
+grass, and then cannot find it, you ought to pay for it; for you were
+bound to take good ordinary care of it."
+
+"Well, sir," said Rollo.
+
+"Well," repeated his father, "now as this property was bailed to you
+solely for the advantage of the bailor, the question whether you ought
+to pay for the loss of it, depends on whether you was grossly careless,
+or not. If you took good ordinary care, and it was lost by accident,
+then you are not liable."
+
+"Well, father, I think it was accident; I do, truly."
+
+"I rather think so myself," said his father, with a smile, "and I am
+inclined to think that you are not responsible. If any body asks a boy
+like you to carry money for them, gratuitously, then they take
+themselves the ordinary risks of such a conveyance, and I think that, on
+the whole, this accident comes within the ordinary risks. There was not
+such gross carelessness as to make you liable. But then I am very sorry
+to have Sarah lose her money."
+
+"So am I," said Rollo. "And the wallet is gone too."
+
+"How good a wallet was it?" asked his father.
+
+"O, pretty good; only it was considerably worn."
+
+"Haven't you got one that is pretty much the same, that you don't care a
+great deal about?"
+
+"Yes, sir," said Rollo; "it is in my desk. I had as lief that she would
+have it as not."
+
+"Very well," said his father; "you give her your wallet, and I will
+replace the money."
+
+So Rollo went to his desk, and soon came back, bringing his little
+wallet. He unfastened its steel clasp, and opened the wallet, and took
+out some little pictures which he had treasured up there, and some small
+pieces of white paper, which he said were marks. They were to put into
+his books to keep the place, when he was reading. He had got quite a
+quantity of them all prepared for use. When Rollo had got his wallet
+ready, his father took out half a dollar from his pocket, and also
+another small silver coin, about as large as Rollo said the one was,
+which was lost; and then sent Rollo to carry it to Dorothy.
+
+In a few minutes, Rollo came back with the money in his hand, and said,
+
+"She won't take it. She said I must bring it back. It was as much as I
+could do to get her to take the wallet."
+
+"But she _must_ take it," replied his father. "You carry it to her
+again, and tell her she has nothing to do with the business. The money
+is for Sarah, and she must not refuse it, but take it and give it to her
+the first opportunity."
+
+So Rollo carried the money again to Dorothy. She received it this time,
+and put it in the wallet, and then deposited both in a safe place in her
+work-table. Then Rollo came back to his father to ask him a little more
+about bailments.
+
+"Father," said Rollo, when he came back, "if James should give me his
+knife, or any thing, for my own, would that be a bailment?"
+
+"No," said his father. "A bailment is only where property is intrusted
+to another, for a certain purpose, to be returned again to the
+possession of the owner, when the purpose is accomplished. For instance,
+when Jonas is sawing wood with my saw, the saw is a bailment from me to
+him; it remains my property; but he is to use it for a specific purpose,
+and then return it to my possession."
+
+"He does not bring it back to you," said Rollo.
+
+"No, but he hangs it up in its place in my shed, which is putting it
+again in my possession. And so all the things which Dorothy uses in the
+kitchen are bailments."
+
+"And if she breaks them, must she pay for them?"
+
+"No, not unless she is grossly careless. If she exercises good ordinary
+care, such as prudent persons exercise about their own things, then she
+is not liable, because she is using them mainly for my benefit, and of
+course it must be at my risk. But if Sarah should come and borrow a
+pitcher to carry some milk home in, and should let it fall and break it
+by the way, even if it was not gross carelessness, she ought to pay for
+it; that is, the person that sent her ought to pay for it, for it was
+bailed to her for her benefit alone; and therefore it was at her risk."
+
+"I should not think you would make her pay for it," said Rollo.
+
+"No, I certainly should not. I am only telling what I should have a
+right to do if I chose.
+
+"Sometimes a thing is bailed to a person," continued Rollo's father,
+"for the benefit of both persons, the bailor and the bailee."
+
+"The bailee?" said James.
+
+"Yes, the bailee is the person the thing is bailed to. For instance, if
+I leave my watch at the watchmaker's to be mended, and I am going to pay
+him for it, in that case you see it is for his advantage and mine too."
+
+"And then, if it is lost, must he pay for it?"
+
+"Yes; unless he takes _good_ care of it. If it is for his benefit alone,
+then he must take _special_ care of it, or else he is liable for the
+loss of it. If it is for my benefit alone, then he must take _ordinary_
+care of it. For instance, suppose I had a very superior repeater watch,
+which the watchmaker should come and borrow of me, in order to see the
+construction of it. Then suppose I should leave another watch of
+mine,--a _lever_,--at his shop to be repaired. Suppose also I should
+have a third watch, a lady's watch, which I had just bought somewhere,
+and I should ask him to be kind enough to keep it for me, a day or two,
+till my watch was done. These would be three different kinds of
+bailments. The _repeater_ would be bailed to him for his benefit; the
+_lever_ for his and mine jointly, and the _lady's watch_ for my benefit
+alone.
+
+"Now, you see," continued Rollo's father, "that if these watches should
+get lost or injured in any way, the question whether the watchmaker
+would have to pay for them or not, would depend upon the degree of care
+it would have required to save them. For instance, if he locked them all
+up with special care, and particularly the repeater, and then the
+building were struck with lightning and the watches all destroyed, he
+would not have to pay for any of them; for this would be an inevitable
+accident, which all his care could not guard against. It would have been
+as likely to have happened to my repeater, if I had kept it at home.
+
+"But suppose now he should hang all three watches up at his window, and
+a boy in the street should accidentally throw a stone and hit the
+window, so that the stone should go through the glass and break one of
+the watches. Now, if the repeater was the one that was hit, I should
+think the man would be bound to pay for it: because he was bound to take
+_very special_ care of that, as it was borrowed for his benefit alone.
+But if it was the lady's watch, which he had taken only as an
+accommodation to me, then he would not be obliged to pay; for, by
+hanging it up with his other watches, he took _ordinary_ care of it, and
+that was all that he was obliged to take."
+
+"I should think," said James, "that the boy would have to pay, if he
+broke the watches."
+
+"Yes," said Rollo's father; "but we have nothing to do with the boy now,
+we are only considering the liabilities of the watchmaker."
+
+"And if it had been the lever that was broken," asked Rollo, "what
+then?"
+
+"Why, as to the lever," said his father, "he was bound to take _good_
+care of it,--something more than mere ordinary care; and I don't know
+whether the law would consider hanging watches up at a window as _good_
+care or not. It would depend upon that, I suppose. But the watches might
+be lost in another way. Suppose the watchmaker had sent the repeater
+home to me, and then, at night, had put the lever and the lady's watch
+into a small trunk with his other watches, and carried them to his
+house, as watchmakers do sometimes. Now suppose that, when he got home,
+he put the trunk of watches down in a corner of the room; and suppose
+that there was a leak in the roof of his house, so that the water could
+come in sometimes when it rained. In the night there comes up a shower,
+and the water gets into the trunk, and rusts and spoils the watches. Now
+I think it probable that he would not have to pay for the lady's watch,
+for he took ordinary care of that,--that is, the same care that he was
+accustomed to take of his own watches. But he might have to pay for the
+other; for he was bound to take _good_ care of that one, as it was
+partly for _his_ benefit that it was bailed to him; and putting them
+where they were at all exposed to be wet, would be considered, I
+suppose, as not taking good care of them."
+
+"And so he would not have to pay for the lady's watch, in any case,"
+said Rollo.
+
+"Yes, he would, if he did not take _ordinary_ care of it; that is, if he
+was grossly negligent. For instance, if he should take all the rest of
+his watches home, and leave that in his shop upon the counter, where I
+had laid it down, and somebody should come in the night and steal it,
+then, perhaps he would be liable."
+
+By this time, Rollo's father began to think that his law lecture had
+been long enough for such young students, and so he said that he would
+not tell them any more about it then. "But now," said he, in conclusion,
+"I want you to remember what I have said, and practise according to it.
+Boys bail things to one another very often, and a great many disputes
+arise among them, because they don't understand the law of bailment. It
+applies to boys as well as men. It is founded on principles of justice
+and common sense, and, of course, what is just and equitable among men,
+is just and equitable among boys.
+
+"You must remember that whenever any thing belonging to one boy is
+intrusted to another in any way, if it is for the benefit of the bailee,
+if any accident happens to it, he must make it good; unless it was some
+_inevitable_ accident, which could not have been prevented by the utmost
+care. If it is for the benefit of the bailor, that is, the boy who
+intrusts it, then he can't require the other to pay for it, unless he
+was grossly negligent. And if it was for the common benefit of both,
+then if the bailee takes what may be called good care of it, he is not
+liable to pay; if he does not take good care, he is."
+
+Here ended the lecture on the law of bailment. James soon after went
+home, and Rollo in due time went to bed. The next morning, when he got
+up and began to dress himself, he thought one of the legs of his
+pantaloons felt somewhat heavy. He put his hand down to ascertain what
+was there, and he felt something at the bottom, between the cloth and
+the lining. It was Sarah's pocket-book. When Rollo put it into his
+pocket, as he thought, he in reality slipped it inside of the lining,
+and it worked itself down to the bottom, as he was playing about. He
+pulled it out, and then, after he had dressed himself, he ran very
+joyfully to his father, to show it to him. His father was very glad that
+it was found, and told Rollo to carry it to Dorothy. Dorothy was very
+glad, too, for she was very sorry to have Rollo lose his own wallet, or
+his father lose his money. So she gave him back his wallet, and he
+replaced it in his desk where it was before, after giving his father
+back his money.
+
+
+
+
+CONFUSION.
+
+
+Rollo explained his plan of collecting a museum of curiosities to his
+cousins Lucy and James, and to his sister Mary, who was a good deal
+older than he was. He also informed Henry, a playmate of his, who lived
+not a great way from his father's house. All the children took a great
+deal of interest in the scheme, and promised to help him collect the
+curiosities.
+
+At length, after a few days, Rollo, to his great joy, observed one
+evening signs of an approaching storm. The wind sighed through the
+trees, and thick, hazy clouds spread themselves over the sky.
+
+"Don't you think it is going to rain?" said Rollo to his father, as he
+came in to tea.
+
+"I don't know," said his father. "Which way is the wind?"
+
+"I'll go and see," said Rollo.
+
+He went out and looked at the vane which Jonas had placed upon the top
+of the barn.
+
+When he came in, he told his father that the wind was east. Then his
+father said he thought it would rain, and Rollo clapped his hands with
+delight.
+
+And it did rain. The next morning, when Rollo awoke, he heard the storm
+driving against the window of his chamber. After breakfast, he took an
+umbrella, and went out into the barn, and found Jonas already at work
+upon the cabinet. In the course of the morning he finished it. He put
+three good shelves into it, which, together with the bottom of the box,
+made four shelves. He also put the two covers on, with hinges, so as to
+make doors of them; and put a little hasp upon the doors, outside, to
+fasten them with. He then put it up in one corner of the play room, all
+ready for the curiosities. Rollo put in his hornets' nest, his pebble
+stones, and his hemlock-seed, as he called it; and then went to the barn
+door, and began to be as eager to have it clear up, as he had been
+before to have it rain. He wanted to go out and collect some more
+curiosities.
+
+After a time it did clear up, and Rollo obtained his mother's leave to
+go and ask all the children who were going to have a share in the
+museum, to come one afternoon and begin to collect the curiosities. They
+all came--Lucy, James, and Henry. And when Rollo saw them all collected
+in the garden yard, with baskets in their hands all ready to go forth
+after curiosities, he capered about full of anticipations of delight.
+
+"Now," said Henry, "let us go down to the hemlock-tree."
+
+"No," said Rollo, "it will be better to go to the brook, where I found
+the pebbles."
+
+"But I want to go and see if I can't find another hemlock-seed," said
+Henry.
+
+Rollo was, however, very unwilling to go that way, and yet Henry
+insisted upon it. Lucy listened to the dispute with a countenance
+expressive of distress and anxiety. First, she proposed to Rollo to
+yield to Henry, and then to Henry to yield to Rollo; but in vain. Henry
+said that Rollo ought to let him decide, because he was the oldest; and
+Rollo said that he himself ought to decide, because it was his museum.
+They were both wrong. Neither ought to have insisted upon having his own
+way so strenuously. At length, after quite a long and unpleasant
+altercation, Lucy proposed that they should draw lots for it. The boys
+consented.
+
+"I'll tell you a better plan than that," said a voice above them. They
+looked up, and saw Mary sitting at the window of the chamber. She had
+been reading, but, on hearing this dispute, she had closed her book, and
+now interposed to do what she could to aid in settling it.
+
+When Rollo heard his sister Mary's voice, he felt a little ashamed of
+his pertinacity. Lucy asked Mary what the plan was.
+
+"Why," said she, "in all expeditions where there are several children,
+it is very desirable to have a regent."
+
+"A regent?" said Lucy.
+
+"Yes," said Mary, "a commander, to take the lead, and decide the
+thousand little questions which are likely to occur. Unless there is
+somebody to decide them, there will be endless disputes."
+
+"Well," said Henry, "I'll be regent."
+
+"No," said Mary, "you must choose one. I'll tell you how. You must
+choose the regent by ballot. Lilac leaves make good ballots. Each one
+of you must consider who you think will be best for regent,--that is,
+who will have the most discretion and judgment, to decide wisely, and at
+the same time be mild and gentle, and amiable in manner, so as to be a
+pleasant commander. Of course, no one must vote for himself."
+
+"But I don't understand," said Rollo. "What are the lilac leaves for?"
+
+"For ballots; that is, for you to write your votes upon. You can write
+on the under side of a lilac leaf with the point of a pin."
+
+"Can we?" said Lucy, with a look of curiosity and pleasure.
+
+"Yes," said Mary, "you need not write the whole name. You can write the
+first letter--that will be enough. R. stands for Rollo, L. for Lucy, H.
+for Henry, J. for James, and N. for Nathan."
+
+"Ho!" said Rollo, "Nathan won't do for a regent."
+
+"Perhaps not," said Mary; "each one of you must vote for the one you
+think best. Now get your lilac leaves, and I will drop you down some
+pins."
+
+The children ran off very eagerly to get the leaves, and then came
+back, and Mary dropped down four pins. They each took one, and, with the
+point of it, wrote a letter upon the back of the leaf. Then Mary asked
+Nathan to carry around his cap, and let them all drop their leaves into
+it, and then bring them up to her, and she would see who was chosen.
+
+So Nathan, highly pleased with his office, collected the votes in his
+cap, and brought them up to his sister Mary. She looked them over as she
+sat at the window, the children all looking up from below, eagerly
+awaiting the result. At length, Mary told them that there were four
+leaves in Nathan's cap, and that three of them had the letter L upon it.
+"So," said she, "you see you have chosen Lucy for regent."
+
+"Yes, I voted for Lucy," said Rollo. "I thought she would be the best."
+
+"And so did I," said James and Henry.
+
+Lucy looked down, and felt a little embarrassed at finding herself
+raised so suddenly to the dignity of regent; and she asked Mary what she
+was to do.
+
+"O, walk along with them just as you would if you had not been chosen;
+only you will decide all the questions that come up, such as where you
+shall go, and how long you shall stay in the different places. The
+others may give you their opinions, if you ask them; but they must let
+you decide, and they must all submit to your decisions."
+
+"Well, come," said Lucy; "we'll go down the lane first." So she took
+hold of Thanny's hand, and walked along, the other children following.
+They passed through the great gate, and soon disappeared from Mary's
+view.
+
+They were gone two or three hours. At length, when the sun had nearly
+gone down, Mary heard voices in the front of the house. She left her
+back window, and went around to a front window to see. She found them
+returning, and all talking together with the greatest volubility. They
+had their baskets full of various commodities, and large bouquets of
+flowers and plants in their hands. They did not see Mary at the window,
+and as they all seemed to be good-natured and satisfied with their
+afternoon's work, Mary did not speak to them; and so they passed along
+into the yard undisturbed. They proceeded immediately to the cabinet in
+the play room, and then began to take out their treasures from their
+baskets, and pockets, and handkerchiefs, and to spread them out upon the
+floor, and upon the bench. In a short time, the floor was covered with
+specimens of plants and minerals, with shells, and pebbles, and little
+papers of sand, and nuts, and birds' nests which they had found
+deserted, and all sorts of wonders. The room was filled with the sound
+of their voices; questions, calls to one another, expressions of
+delight, exclamations of surprise, or of disappointment or pleasure. It
+was all,--"James, you are treading on my flowers!" "O Lucy, Lucy, see my
+toadstool!" "O, now my prettiest shell is broken!" "Move away a little,
+Rollo--I have not got room for all my pebbles"--"Where's my silk worm?
+now where's my silk worm?" "O Henry, give me some of your birch bark,
+do,"--and a hundred other similar ejaculations, all uttered together.
+
+They soon began, one and another, to put their curiosities into the
+cabinet,--and then it was, as the old phrase is, confusion worse
+confounded. Lucy had some discretion and forbearance, and kept a little
+back, looking, however, uneasy and distressed, and attempting in vain
+to get an opportunity to put some of her things in. The boys crowded
+around the cabinet, each attempting to put his own curiosities into the
+most conspicuous places, and arranging them over and over again,
+according as each one's whims or fancies varied.
+
+"O dear me," said Rollo, "I wish you would not keep moving these pebbles
+away, Henry."
+
+"Why, you put them too far this way," said Henry; "I want my shells to
+go here."
+
+"No," replied Rollo, "put your shells down on the next shelf. James!
+James! take care; don't touch that birds' nest."
+
+"Yes, I want room for my silver stone," said James. He had found a
+shining stone, which he called a silver stone. And thus they disputed,
+and talked loudly and vociferously, and contradicted, interrupted,
+pushed, and crowded each other. Still, they were all good-natured; that
+is, they were not angry; the difficulty only arose from their eagerness
+and their numbers,--and their disorganization.
+
+"O dear me," said Rollo, at length, "I wish we had a regent again; we
+got along very well, while Lucy was a regent. Let me be regent now.
+Come, Henry and James, let me be regent, and I will direct, and then we
+shall have order again."
+
+"Well," said James.
+
+"No," said Henry, "you have not been elected. You can't be regent,
+unless you are chosen regularly."
+
+Lucy said nothing, but stood behind the others in despair.
+
+"Well, then, let Lucy be regent; she was chosen."
+
+"But I was only chosen regent for the walk," said Lucy.
+
+"O never mind," said Rollo, "let her be regent now."
+
+But Henry was not disposed to submit to any doubtful authority. He kept
+at work putting things in, in the way that pleased him most, without any
+regard to Rollo's proposal for prolonging Lucy's authority. As Henry did
+not acquiesce in this proposed measure, Rollo and James seemed to think
+it was useless for them to do so, and so they went much as they had
+begun, until they had pretty well filled up Jonas's cabinet with a
+perfect medley of specimens, the worthy and the worthless all together.
+They were at length interrupted by the sound of the bell, calling Rollo
+in to tea; Henry then went home, and James, Lucy, and Rollo went into
+the house.
+
+
+
+
+ORGANIZATION.
+
+
+James and Lucy staid and took tea with Rollo that evening; and, during
+tea time, Rollo's father and mother were talking, and the boys were all
+still. At last, just before they had finished their supper, Rollo's
+father asked them how they had got along collecting curiosities.
+
+"O, we had a very good time," said Rollo, "till we came to put our
+curiosities away; and then we should have had a good time if the boys
+had not pushed so, and made such a noise."
+
+"What made them do so?" asked his mother.
+
+"I don't know, unless it was because we did not have any regent."
+
+"Any what?" said his father.
+
+"Any regent," said Rollo. "We had Lucy for a regent while we were
+walking, and then we got along very well; but she would not be regent
+any longer, when we got home."
+
+Rollo's father and mother scarcely knew what to make of this; for they
+had never heard before of a regent in children's plays. But as they
+looked towards Mary, and observed that she was smiling, they at once
+understood that it was one of her plans. Rollo's father said he thought
+it was an excellent idea.
+
+"But why did not you have a regent when you were putting your things
+away, just as you had before?" he asked.
+
+"Why, Lucy said she was only chosen for the walk."
+
+"And so she would not serve any longer?"
+
+"No, sir."
+
+"That was right, Lucy. Never attempt to command without a commission.
+
+"But, Rollo," added his father, "I should think it would be best for you
+to have some sort of organization, if you are going to attempt to do any
+thing in company. Men never think that they can accomplish any thing in
+company, without organization; and I should certainly think that
+children would not be able to."
+
+"Organization?" said Rollo; "what is that?"
+
+"Why, some plan for investing some persons with authority. There must
+always be authority to decide little questions without debate, and for
+getting the opinions of all, on great questions, regularly.
+
+"If a number of men," he continued, "were going to form a cabinet of
+curiosities, they would form a _society_. They would choose one to be
+president, and one to be secretary, and one to be cabinet keeper."
+
+"What does the president do?" asked Lucy.
+
+"The president decides who shall speak, when several want to speak at
+the same time; and so he prevents all confusion. Nobody must speak
+without his leave."
+
+"Do they have to ask him?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes, in fact, they ask him, though not formally in words. They ask him
+by rising. In large meetings among men, whoever wants to speak, stands
+up, and then the president calls their name, and that is giving him
+permission to speak. If more than one stand up at a time, then he calls
+the name of one of them, and _he_ has leave to speak, and the other
+must sit down."
+
+"Which one does he call?" asked Rollo.
+
+"The one whom he happens to notice first. He must be careful not to call
+his friends more than he does other persons. He must be impartial. Then,
+besides, the president _puts the question_."
+
+"Puts the question?" asked Rollo; "what is putting the question?"
+
+"Why, after all has been said about the plan that they want to say, the
+president asks all that are in favor of it, to hold up their hands; and
+he counts them. Then he asks all that are against it to hold up their
+hands. He counts these too. And it is decided according to the number of
+votes."
+
+"Is that the way they do?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," replied his father, "that is the way that men do; but boys all
+talk together, and dispute. If some want to play ball, and some want to
+play horses, they all talk together, and dispute; it is all,--'I say we
+will,' and 'I say we won't,'--and those that make the most noise get the
+victory."
+
+"The men's way is the best," said Rollo.
+
+"I think so myself," replied his father.
+
+"And what does the secretary do?" asked Mary.
+
+"The secretary keeps the record. He writes an account of every meeting."
+
+"Does he write all that every body says?" asked Rollo.
+
+"No," said his father, "only the decisions."
+
+"Well," said Rollo, with a tone of satisfaction, "and the cabinet keeper
+keeps the cabinet, I suppose."
+
+"Yes," said his father, "and so all disputings about where the things
+are to be placed in the cabinet, are avoided; for he decides the whole.
+He must be a person of judgment and skill."
+
+"Jonas would be a good cabinet keeper for us," said Rollo.
+
+"I think you had better form a regular society, Rollo," said Mary.
+
+"Well," said Rollo, "will you belong to it?"
+
+"Yes," said Mary.
+
+"And we can choose our officers by lilac ballots," said James.
+
+"We'll have the first meeting to-morrow afternoon," said Rollo. "I will
+go in the morning, and ask Henry to come,--if mother will let me."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+His mother did let him, and the next afternoon the children all
+collected in the yard, intending to form their society, and proceed
+regularly. Mary promised to meet with them, and help them make their
+arrangements. They were to meet in the play room.
+
+Before the time of the meeting, Mary went in, and, with Rollo's help,
+made some seats of boards, not far from the cabinet, so that all the
+members of the society might sit down. The children played about in the
+yard, some gathering lilac leaves for ballots, and some talking about
+the curiosities they meant to collect, until, at length, Mary came down
+and told them it was time to go and have their meeting. She had a great
+many little papers in one hand, and some pencils in the other. James
+asked her what she was going to do with those papers. She said they were
+for ballots.
+
+"O, we have been getting lilac leaves for ballots," said Lucy.
+
+"Papers are better," said Mary, "when there is a good deal of balloting
+to be done."
+
+Then the children threw down the lilac leaves they had gathered, and
+followed Mary into the play room. They all came around the cabinet, and
+began to open it and talk about the curiosities. But Mary told them
+that, if they were going to have a society, they must not touch the
+cabinet until they had appointed a cabinet keeper--they ought all to go
+and sit down.
+
+So they went and sat down.
+
+"And now you must not talk at all, until the president is chosen," said
+Mary. "You must all write upon these papers the name of the person you
+think best for president, and then bring them to me. You see," she
+continued, as she distributed the papers around, to the other children,
+"that I am acting as president just now, until we get one chosen. That
+is the way men do. I asked father about it. He said that the oldest
+person, or one of the oldest, generally took charge of the proceedings,
+until a chairman was chosen."
+
+"A chairman?" said Rollo.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+"Yes, or president; sometimes they call him a chairman."
+
+So the children took their papers, and began to prepare for writing
+their ballots.
+
+"What shall we put our papers on, cousin Mary, to write?" said Lucy.
+
+"O, you must write on the seat by the side of you,--or on this book;
+here is a book for one."
+
+"I can write on my cap," said James; and he placed his cap upon his
+knees, and began to use that for a desk. One of the children took the
+book, and others leaned over to one side, and put their papers upon the
+seat, and prepared to write there. Some began to write very soon. Others
+looked around mysteriously, considering which one of the company would
+make the best president. Henry stood up by the great work bench, and
+made that his writing-desk; keeping a sharp look-out all the time lest
+Rollo should see what he should write. And thus the children prepared
+their votes for president.
+
+When the votes were all ready, the children brought them all together to
+Mary, who put them on the corner of the great bench near which she was
+standing; and the children all came up around them, to see who was
+chosen.
+
+But Mary gently put her hand over the votes, and told them that that was
+not the way to count votes. "You must all go and sit down again," she
+said, "and appoint some one to count them; and then he or she must come
+alone, and look them over and tell you who is chosen."
+
+"Well," said the children; and so they went back to their seats.
+
+"I propose that Henry count them," said Mary.
+
+"Well," said the children.
+
+"No, let James," said Rollo.
+
+"That is not right, Rollo," said Mary, "because it is of very little
+consequence who counts the votes, and in societies the best way is to
+let things that are of little consequence go according to the first
+proposal. That saves time."
+
+So Henry came up, and began to look over the votes.
+
+"They are all for Mary but one, and that is for Lucy," said Henry.
+
+"Then cousin Mary is president," said James, clapping his hands.
+
+"Yes," said Mary, "it seems you have chosen me president; and I will be
+president for a time, until I think that some of the rest of you have
+learned how to preside, and then I shall resign, and leave you to manage
+your society yourselves. Now you must write the votes for secretary." So
+Mary took her seat in the chair which she had provided for the
+president, and which, until this time, had been empty.
+
+So the children began to write votes again, and as fast as they had
+written them they brought them to Mary, and dropped them in her lap. As
+soon as each one had put in his vote, he went back and took his seat.
+When the votes were all in, Mary looked them over, and said,
+
+"There are two votes for Lucy, and one for Rollo, and one for Henry."
+
+"Then Lucy is chosen secretary," said James.
+
+"No," said Mary, "because she has only half. The person that is chosen
+must have more than half of all the votes. Lucy has two, and there are
+two scattering."
+
+"Scattering!" said Rollo, looking somewhat puzzled.
+
+"Yes; that is, for other persons."
+
+"What shall we do, then?" said Rollo.
+
+"Why, you must vote again."
+
+So the children wrote votes again, and brought them in to the president.
+She smiled as she looked them over. Then she said,
+
+"Now there is a tie."
+
+"A tie, Mary!" said Rollo; "what is a tie?"
+
+"Why, there are two votes for Rollo, and two for Lucy; that makes it
+exactly balanced, and they call that a _tie_."
+
+"And now what shall we do with the tie?" said Rollo.
+
+"Why, you must vote again."
+
+Just as the children were preparing to vote again, they heard a noise of
+footsteps at the door, and, looking up, they saw Nathan coming in. He
+had his little straw hat upon his head, and his whip in his hand. He was
+playing market-man, and wanted to know if they wished to buy any
+potatoes.
+
+The children all laughed. Mary said, "No, Thanny, this is a society;
+come, don't you want to belong to the society?"
+
+"Yes," said Nathan; and down went his whip upon the floor, and he came
+trotting along towards Mary. Mary told him to sit down upon the seat
+next to Rollo.
+
+Nathan took his seat, and began to look around with an air of great
+curiosity, wondering what they were going to do; and by this time the
+votes were ready. Mary looked them over and counted them, and then said
+that they were just as they were before, two for Rollo, and two for
+Lucy.
+
+"What shall we do now?" said Rollo.
+
+"We must vote again," said James.
+
+"That won't do any good," said Henry.
+
+"There's Thanny," said Lucy; "let him vote."
+
+"Well," said Mary, "and that will break the tie."
+
+"O, Thanny can't vote," said Rollo; "he can't write a word."
+
+"He can vote without writing," said Mary. "Thanny, come here. Which do
+you think will make the best secretary, Rollo, or Lucy?"
+
+"Why--Lucy," said Thanny, after some hesitation.
+
+"Lucy, he says; so Lucy is chosen," said Mary. "Now, Lucy, you must be
+secretary; but I forgot to bring out some paper."
+
+Rollo looked a little disappointed. He had hoped to have been secretary
+himself. So when Nathan came back to his seat, he began to punch him a
+little, good-naturedly, with his thumb, saying, "_Me_--why didn't you
+say _me_, Thanny? Hey, Thanny! Why did not you say _me_?"
+
+Just then, Mary asked Rollo to go into the house and get a sheet of
+paper for the secretary; and when he came back, Lucy asked her what she
+should write. Mary gave her the necessary directions, and then Lucy went
+to the bench, and standing there, near the president's chair, she went
+on writing the record, while the rest of the society proceeded with
+their business. The next thing was to choose a cabinet keeper.
+
+"You may prepare your votes for cabinet keeper."
+
+"I think Jonas would be the best cabinet keeper," said Henry; "he made
+the cabinet."
+
+"O, Jonas does not belong to the society," said Rollo.
+
+"But we can let him in," said Lucy.
+
+"No, he can't belong to the society," said Rollo; "he has too much work
+to do."
+
+The fact was, that Rollo wanted to be cabinet keeper himself, and so he
+was opposed to any arrangement which would be likely to result in the
+election of Jonas. But Mary said that it was not necessary that any one
+should be a member of the society, in order to be chosen cabinet keeper.
+She said he might be chosen, if the children thought best, even if he
+was not a member. "But then," said she, "you must consider all the
+circumstances, and vote for the one who, you honestly think, will take
+the best care of the curiosities, and arrange them best."
+
+The children then wrote their ballots, and brought them to Mary. Mary
+asked Lucy to count them. Lucy said she had not written her vote herself
+yet.
+
+"Well, write it quick then," said Mary.
+
+"But I can't think," said Lucy, "whether I had better vote for Jonas or
+Rollo."
+
+"Well," said Mary, "you have only to consider whether it will be best
+for the museum to be in Jonas's hands, or in Rollo's."
+
+"But I have been thinking," said Lucy, "that it is all Rollo's plan, and
+his museum; and that _he_ ought to be cabinet keeper, if he wants to
+be."
+
+"There is something in that," said Mary; "though generally, in choosing
+officers, we ought to act for the good of the society, not for the good
+of the officers."
+
+"But it is _my_ cabinet," said Rollo; "Jonas made it for me."
+
+"That may be," said Mary; "that is, it may have been yours at the
+beginning; but when you invite us all to come and form a society, you
+give up your claim to it, and it comes to belong to the society; at any
+rate, the right to manage it belongs to the society, and we must do what
+will be best for the whole."
+
+Rollo did not look very much pleased at these remarks of his sister's;
+but Lucy immediately wrote her vote, and put it with the others. She
+then examined and counted them, and immediately afterwards, she said
+there were three votes for Jonas, and one for Rollo. So Jonas was
+chosen. The children did not know who wrote the vote which was given for
+Rollo; but the fact was, he wrote it himself. He wanted to be cabinet
+keeper very much indeed.
+
+
+
+
+CAUGHT,--AND GONE AGAIN.
+
+
+Rollo was sadly disappointed at not being chosen cabinet keeper. Older
+and wiser persons than he have often been greatly vexed from similar
+causes. When the society meeting was ended, Mary told Lucy that she must
+tell Jonas that they had chosen him cabinet keeper, for she was
+secretary, and it was the secretary's duty to do that. Mary then went
+into the house. The children gathered around the cabinet, and began to
+look at the things which had been put in the day before. Rollo undertook
+to arrange one of the shelves differently from what it had been; but
+Henry told him he must not touch the things, for Jonas was cabinet
+keeper, and nobody but the cabinet keeper had any right to touch the
+things.
+
+"O, I am only going to change them a little," said Rollo.
+
+"But you have no right to touch them at all," said Henry, pushing Rollo
+back a little.
+
+"Yes, I have," said Rollo, standing stiffly, and resisting Henry's push.
+"It's _my_ cabinet, and I have a right to do what I please with it."
+
+"No, it is not your cabinet," said Henry; "it belongs to the society."
+
+"No, it doesn't," said Rollo.
+
+"It does," said Henry.
+
+Rollo was wrong--and, in fact, Henry was wrong. In disputes, it almost
+always happens that both boys are wrong. Lucy stood by, looking
+distressed. She was very sorry to have any disputing about the cabinet.
+
+"O, never mind, Henry," said she; "let him move them. Jonas will put
+them all right afterwards."
+
+"No," said Rollo, "I am going to keep the cabinet myself."
+
+This was not at all like Rollo, to be so unreasonable and angry. But
+Henry's roughness had irritated and vexed him, and that, in connection
+with his own determination to keep the charge of his cabinet, had got
+him into a very wrong state of mind.
+
+Lucy did not know what to do. She walked slowly along to the door, and
+after standing there a moment, while Rollo was at work upon the
+cabinet, she said,
+
+"O, here comes Jonas, now."
+
+James and Henry ran to the door, and, as they saw Jonas walking up the
+lane, they ran towards him, followed by Lucy, and they all began eagerly
+to tell him about the society, and about his having been chosen cabinet
+keeper. Lucy came up to them before they had finished their account; and
+as they had all turned round when they met Jonas, they came walking
+along together towards the house. James and Henry talked very fast and
+eagerly. They told Jonas about the society, and about their having
+chosen Mary president, and Lucy secretary, and him cabinet keeper. When
+they had finished their account, Lucy added, in a desponding tone,
+
+"Only Rollo says _he_ means to be cabinet keeper."
+
+"Does he?" said Jonas.
+
+"Yes," replied Henry. "He says you made the cabinet for him, and he
+_will_ have it."
+
+"O, well," said Jonas, "let him be cabinet keeper; he will make a very
+good cabinet keeper."
+
+"No," said James, "we want you to be cabinet keeper. We chose you."
+
+They saw Rollo at the door of the barn, looking at them, but not very
+good-naturedly. When they came up, Lucy said,
+
+"Come, Rollo, let Jonas be cabinet keeper; that's a good boy."
+
+"No," said Rollo, "it's _my_ cabinet, and I mean to keep it myself."
+
+"Then we won't help you get the curiosities," said Henry.
+
+"I don't care," said Rollo.
+
+"And we won't have any society," added James,--thinking that that threat
+would compel Rollo to give up.
+
+But Rollo only said,
+
+"I don't care; I don't want any society. I can make a museum myself."
+
+There is no doubt, but that many of the readers of this book will wonder
+that Rollo should have acted in this manner. And yet they themselves act
+in just such a way when they allow themselves to get out of temper. It
+is very dangerous to allow ourselves to become vexed and angry. We then
+do and say the most unreasonable things, without being aware,
+ourselves, of their unreasonableness and folly. Rollo himself did not
+know how his conduct appeared to the other children, and how it sunk him
+in their good opinion.
+
+Rollo would have had a miserable time in attempting to make a collection
+of curiosities alone. He would very soon have got tired of it, and have
+abandoned the plan altogether. It happened, however, that some
+circumstances occurred to prevent the consequences that his ill humor
+and obstinacy came so near occasioning.
+
+Henry and James, finding that Rollo would not give up the cabinet to
+Jonas's care, considered the plan of the society abandoned, and went to
+play in the yard. Lucy went into the house to find her cousin Mary.
+Rollo remained at the cabinet for some time, but he found it very dull
+amusement to work there alone; besides, he heard the other boys' voices
+out in the yard, and before long he began to feel a strong desire to go
+and see what they were doing. He accordingly went to the door of the
+barn. He saw that Henry and James had got a log of wood out, and had
+placed a board across it, for a see-saw. Rollo slowly walked along
+towards them.
+
+Henry saw him gradually approaching, and so he whispered, or rather
+spoke in a low tone to James, saying,
+
+"Here comes Rollo, James; don't let's let him get on our see-saw."
+
+But James felt in more of a forgiving mood than Henry. He did not like
+quarrelling, and he knew very well that peace-makers must be prepared to
+yield and forbear, even if they had not been themselves in the wrong. So
+he said,
+
+"O, yes, Henry, let him have a ride. He may get on my end.
+
+"Rollo," he added, calling to Rollo, as he came up, "do you want to
+see-saw? You may have my end."
+
+Rollo did not quite expect this gentle treatment, and it made him feel a
+little ashamed. He, however, took James's place, but he did not feel
+quite easy there. He knew it was a place that he did not deserve. Pretty
+soon he proposed that they should all go after raspberries down the
+lane.
+
+"Well," said Henry, "and I'll go and get my dipper."
+
+"Your dipper?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," said Henry, "I brought a dipper."
+
+Henry then went to a wood pile which was lying in the yard, and, looking
+behind it, among the logs, he drew out a small tin dipper, and showed it
+to Rollo.
+
+"O, I wish I had a dipper to carry!" said Rollo. "It is better than a
+basket."
+
+Rollo went into the house, and presently returned bringing two small
+baskets.
+
+"One for me?" said James, interrogatively, holding out his hand.
+
+"Yes," said Rollo.
+
+"Give me the other," said Henry, "and you shall have my dipper."
+
+"Well," said Rollo.
+
+"_I_ should rather have a basket," said James.
+
+"No," said Rollo, "I think a dipper is better. I can get some drink with
+it, if we come to any brook."
+
+"But you must give me some drink out of the dipper, if I want any," said
+Henry--
+
+"Well," said Rollo, "I will."
+
+"Though I can drink without a dipper," said Henry.
+
+"How?" said Rollo.
+
+"O, I can get a piece of elder, and punch out the pith, and that will
+make a hollow reed; and I can draw up the water through that into my
+mouth."
+
+By this time, Rollo and Henry had exchanged the basket and the dipper,
+and they were all walking along together. Rollo told the boys of several
+other reasons why he would rather have the dipper on such an expedition;
+but Henry preferred the basket, and so all were satisfied.
+
+They went on down the lane. The berries were very thick. The boys ate a
+great many, and they filled their baskets, and the dipper besides. When
+they reached the bottom of the lane, Rollo proposed that they should go
+on, through the woods, to the brook. They liked the plan. They
+accordingly hid their baskets under the fence, heaping full of
+raspberries. Rollo said that he should take his dipper with him, so as
+to get a drink at the brook.
+
+"But you can't use it to get a drink," said Henry; "it is full of
+raspberries."
+
+Rollo had not thought of this difficulty. He walked slowly along, with
+the other boys, a few minutes, looking somewhat foolish; but in a moment
+he said he meant to eat his raspberries up, and then his dipper would be
+empty when he should get to the brook.
+
+So he began to eat them. The other boys wanted some of them, and he gave
+them some, on condition that they should help him fill up his dipper
+again, when they returned up the lane on their way home. They assented
+to this condition, and so the boys walked along, eating the raspberries
+together, in great harmony.
+
+They rambled about in the woods, for some time, meeting with various
+adventures, until they reached the brook. Neither of the boys were
+thirsty, not even Rollo; but still he took a drink from the brook, for
+the sake of using the dipper. He then amused himself, for some time, in
+trying to scoop up skippers and roundabouts, but without much success.
+The skippers and roundabouts have both been mentioned before. The latter
+were a sort of bugs, which had a remarkable power of whirling round and
+round with the greatest rapidity, upon the surface of the water. While
+Rollo was endeavoring to entrap some of these animals, the other boys
+were picking up pebbles, or gathering flowers, until at length their
+attention was suddenly arrested by a loud and long exclamation of
+surprise and pleasure from Rollo.
+
+"What?" said Henry and James, looking towards Rollo.
+
+They saw that he was standing at the edge of the water, gazing eagerly
+into his dipper.
+
+"What is it?" said the boys, running towards him.
+
+"I have caught a little fish," said Rollo.
+
+True enough, Rollo had caught a little fish. It was very small, and, as
+it had been swimming about there, Rollo had, probably more by accident
+than skill, got him into his dipper, and there he was safely imprisoned.
+
+"O, what a splendid little fellow!" said Henry, crowding his head in
+between Rollo's and James's, over the dipper. "See his fins!"
+
+"Yes," said Rollo. "It is a trout,--a little trout."
+
+"See his eyes!" said James. "How he swims about! What are you going to
+do with him, Rollo?"
+
+"O, I shall carry him home, and keep him."
+
+"O, you can't keep him," said James; "you have not got any pond."
+
+"Never mind," said Rollo, "I can keep him in a bowl in the house."
+
+"What shall you give him to eat?" said James.
+
+"Eat! fishes never eat; they only drink. I shall give him fresh water
+every day, and that will keep him alive."
+
+"They do eat, too," said James. "They eat bait off of the hooks when we
+fish for them."
+
+Rollo had forgotten this fact when he said that fishes never ate; and,
+having nothing to say in reply to it, now, he was silent, and only
+looked at his fish.
+
+"O, I wish I had a fish!" said Henry. "If I had kept my dipper, now, I
+might have had one."
+
+"I don't believe you could have caught one," said Rollo.
+
+"Yes, I could; and I believe I will take my dipper, after all, and catch
+me a fish."
+
+"No," said Rollo, "you lent me the dipper, and I lent you my basket
+instead; and now I must keep it till we get home."
+
+"No," said Henry, "it is _my_ dipper, and I only lent it to you; and I
+have a right to it whenever I want it. So you must give it to me."
+
+But Rollo was very far from being convinced that he ought to give back
+the dipper then. He had borrowed it, he said, for the whole expedition,
+and he had a right to keep it till he got home. Besides, he had a fish
+in it, and there was nothing that he could do with him, if Henry took
+away the dipper.
+
+But Henry said he did not think of catching a little fish in his dipper,
+when he lent it to Rollo. If he had, he should not have lent it to him.
+He only lent it to him to get raspberries in. But Rollo insisted that he
+had lent it to him for the whole expedition, and to put any thing in it
+he pleased.
+
+After some time spent in this discussion, Rollo finally yielded. He was,
+in fact, somewhat ashamed of the part he had taken in the former
+difficulty, and had secretly resolved to be more good-natured and
+yielding in future. So he gave the dipper back to Henry.
+
+Before he did this, however, Henry said that he would be very careful
+not to lose Rollo's fish.
+
+"I will only dip the dipper in again," said he, "very carefully, to
+catch another fish, without letting yours get out. Then we can carry
+both to your house, and put yours in the bowl; and then I can carry mine
+home in the dipper."
+
+So Rollo gave the dipper back to Henry, though very reluctantly.
+
+Henry carried it carefully down to the bank of the brook. He stood upon
+a little sloping shore of sand and pebbles, and began to watch for the
+little minnows which were swimming about in the deep places. He immersed
+his dipper partially in the water, being very careful not to plunge it
+in entirely, lest Rollo's fish should escape. Whenever he made an
+attempt, however, to catch a fish, he was obliged to plunge it in; but
+he did it very quick, so as not to give the prisoner, already taken,
+time to escape.
+
+At last, a fish, larger than any he had seen, came moving slowly along,
+out from a deep place under a large log, which lay imbedded in the bank.
+Henry made a sudden plunge after him. He drew up his dipper again,
+confident that he had caught him; but, on looking into the dipper, no
+fish was to be seen. The bird in the hand, and the bird in the bush,
+were both gone.
+
+The boys tried for a long time, in vain, to catch another fish. Rollo
+was sadly disappointed at the loss of the one he had caught, but there
+was now no help for it; and so they all slowly returned home together.
+
+
+
+
+THE BAILMENT CASES.
+
+
+As the boys were slowly coming up the lane, towards the house, they saw
+Mary and Lucy in the garden. They went round into the garden to see what
+they were doing.
+
+They found them seated upon a bench in a pleasant part of the garden; it
+was the same bench were Rollo had once undertaken to establish a hive of
+bees. Mary was teaching Lucy how to draw pictures upon lilac leaves, and
+other leaves which they gathered, here and there, in the garden.
+
+The boys came up and asked to see what the girls were doing. The girls
+did not say to them, as girls sometimes do in such cases, 'It is none of
+your concern,--you go off out of the garden, we don't want you here.'
+They very politely showed them their leaf sketches,--and the boys, at
+the same time, with equal politeness, offered them some of their
+raspberries. In the course of the conversation, as they sat and stood
+there, Rollo said to his sister,
+
+"Henry lost my fish, Mary, and ought he not to pay me?"
+
+"Your fish?" asked Mary.
+
+"Yes," said Rollo, "I caught a fish in a dipper."
+
+"And how came Henry to have it?"
+
+"O, I let him have it, to catch another. He made me."
+
+Henry had some secret feeling that he had not done quite right in the
+transaction, though he did not know exactly how he had done wrong. He
+did not make any reply to Rollo's charge, but stood back, looking
+somewhat confused.
+
+"Ought he not to pay me?" repeated Rollo.
+
+"It seems to be a case of bailment," said Mary.
+
+"O yes," said Rollo, who now recollected his father's conversation on
+that subject some days before.
+
+"And so, you know, the question," continued Mary, "whether he ought to
+pay or not, depends upon circumstances."
+
+"Well," said Rollo, who began to recall to mind the principles which
+his father had laid down upon the subject, "it was for _his_ benefit,
+not _mine_, and so he ought to pay."
+
+All this conversation about bailment, and about its being for his
+benefit, not Rollo's, was entirely unintelligible to Henry, who had
+never studied the law of bailment at all. He looked first at Mary, and
+then at Rollo, and finally said,
+
+"I don't understand what you mean."
+
+So Mary explained to him what her father had said. She told him, first,
+that whenever one boy intrusted his property of any kind to the hands of
+another boy, it was a _bailment_; and that the question whether the one
+who took the thing ought to pay for it, if it was lost, depended upon
+the degree of care he took of it, considered in connection with the
+question, whether the bailment was for the benefit of the bailor, or the
+bailee.
+
+"What is _bailor_ and the _bailee_?" said Henry.
+
+"Why, Rollo bailed you his fish," said Mary. "Rollo was bailor, and you
+bailee."
+
+"No," said Henry, "he only gave me back my dipper, and the fish was in
+it."
+
+Mary asked for an explanation of this, and the boys related all the
+circumstances. Mary said it was an intricate case.
+
+"I don't understand it exactly," said Mary. "You returned him his
+property which you had borrowed, and at the same time put into his hands
+some property of your own. I don't know whether it ought to be
+considered as only giving him back his dipper, or bailing him the fish."
+
+"I did not want the _fish_," said Henry.
+
+"No," said Mary. "It is a knotty case. Let us go and ask father about
+it."
+
+"O, _I_ don't want to go," said Henry.
+
+"Yes, I would," said Mary. "I'll be your lawyer, and manage your side of
+the question for you; and we will get a regular decision."
+
+"Well," said Henry, reluctantly. And all the children followed Mary and
+Lucy towards the house.
+
+They found Rollo's father in his room, examining some maps and plans
+which were spread out upon the table before him. When he saw the
+children coming in, he asked Mary, who was foremost, what they wanted.
+She said they had a law question, which they wanted him to decide.
+
+"A law question?" said he.
+
+"Yes," she replied; "a case of bailment."
+
+"O, very well; walk in," said he.
+
+There was a sofa at one side of the room, and he seated the children all
+there, while he drew up his arm-chair directly before them. He then told
+them to proceed. Rollo first told the whole story, closing his statement
+by saying,
+
+"And so I let him have my fish; and that was a bailment, and it was not
+for my benefit, but his, and so he ought to have taken very especial
+care of it. But he did not, and lost it, and so he ought to pay."
+
+"But we maintain," said Mary, "that the _fish_ was not bailed to Henry
+at all. Rollo only gave him back the dipper, and, though the fish was in
+it, still the fish did not do Henry any good, and so it was not for his
+benefit."
+
+"It seems to be rather an intricate case," said her father, smiling.
+
+Henry looked rather sober and anxious. The proceedings seemed to him to
+be a very serious business.
+
+However, Rollo's father spoke to him in a very kind and good-humored
+tone, so that, before long, he began to feel at his ease. After hearing
+a full statement of the case, and all the arguments which the children
+had to offer on one side or the other, Rollo's father began to give his
+decision, as follows:--
+
+"I think that Rollo's giving Henry the dipper, with the fish in it, was
+clearly a bailment of the fish; that is, it was an intrusting of his
+property to Henry's care. It is clear also that Henry took pretty good
+care of it. He tried to avoid losing it. He took as much care of it,
+perhaps, as he would have done of a fish of his own. Still, he did not
+take _very extraordinary_ or special care of it. The loss was not owing
+to _inevitable_ accident. If the bailment was for Rollo's benefit, the
+care he took was sufficient to save him from being liable; but, if it
+was for his own benefit, then all he did was at his own risk; and the
+loss ought to be his loss, and he ought to pay for it."
+
+"But I don't see," said Mary, "that he was to blame in either case."
+
+"O, no," said his father; "he was not to blame for losing the fish,
+perhaps. That is not the point in these cases. It is not a question of
+who is to blame, but who ought to bear a loss, for which perhaps nobody
+is to blame.
+
+"And you see," he continued, "that it is reasonable that the loss should
+be borne by the person who was to have derived benefit from the risk. If
+the risk was run for Henry's benefit, then he ought to bear the loss;
+which he would do by making Rollo compensation. If the risk was run for
+Rollo's benefit, then Rollo ought to bear the loss himself."
+
+"Yes, sir," said Rollo; "and it certainly was for Henry's benefit, for
+he was trying to catch another fish for himself,--not for me. I had no
+advantage in it."
+
+"That is not so certain," replied his father. "It depends altogether
+upon the question, who had a right to the dipper at that time. If Henry
+had a right to the dipper, then he might have even poured out the water,
+fish and all; or he might have kept the fish in, to accommodate Rollo.
+On the other hand, if Rollo had a right to the dipper then, and he let
+Henry have it, as a favor to him, then, in that case, the bailment was
+for Henry's benefit."
+
+"Well, sir," said Henry, "I had a right to the dipper, for it was mine;
+and so it was for his benefit, and I ought not to pay."
+
+"No, sir," said Rollo; "he had let me have it, and I let him have my
+basket."
+
+"I only _lent_ it to him," said Henry.
+
+"But you lent it to me for the whole walk," said Rollo, turning round to
+Henry.
+
+"You must only speak to _me_," said his father. "In all debates and
+arguments, always speak to the one who is presiding."
+
+"Well, sir," said Rollo, turning back to his father, again, "he lent it
+to me for the whole walk, and so I don't think he had any right to take
+it back again."
+
+"That is coming to the point exactly," said his father. "It all depends
+upon that,--whether Henry had a right to reclaim his dipper at that
+time, after only lending it to Rollo. And that, you see, is another
+bailment case. Henry bailed Rollo the dipper. This shows the truth of
+what I said before, that a great many of the disputes among boys arise
+from cases of bailment. This seems to be a sort of doubled and twisted
+case. And it all hinges on the question whether Henry or Rollo had the
+right to the dipper at the time when Henry took it. For, as I have
+already explained, if _Henry_ had a right to it, then his keeping
+Rollo's fish in it was for Rollo's advantage, and Rollo ought to bear
+the loss. But if _Rollo_ had a right to keep the dipper longer, then he
+bailed the fish to him, in order to be able to let him have the dipper,
+for he could not let him have the one without the other; and so it was
+for Henry's benefit; and, as the loss was not from _inevitable_
+accident, Henry ought to bear it."
+
+"Well, sir, and now please to tell us," said Mary, "who had the right to
+the dipper."
+
+"Rollo," said her father.
+
+"Rollo!" exclaimed several voices.
+
+"Yes," replied Rollo's father. "There is a principle in the law of
+bailment which I did not explain to you the other day. It is this:
+Whenever a person bails a thing to another person, for a particular
+purpose, and receives a compensation for it, the bailor has no right to
+take it back again from the bailee, until a fair opportunity has been
+allowed to accomplish that purpose. For instance, if I go and hire a
+horse of a man to make a journey, I have a right to keep the horse
+until the journey is ended. If the owner of the horse meets me on the
+road, fifty miles from home, it is not reasonable, you see, that he
+should have the right to take the horse away from me there, on the
+ground that it is his horse, and that he has a right to him wherever he
+finds him. So, if one boy lends another his knife to make a whistle
+with, he ought not to take it away again, when the boy has got his
+whistle half done, and so make him lose all his labor."
+
+"Why, it seems to me he ought to give it back to him," said Rollo, "if
+it is his knife, whenever he wants it."
+
+"Yes," replied his father, "he ought to give it up, no doubt, if the
+owner claims it; and yet perhaps the owner might do wrong in claiming
+it. Though I am not certain, after all, how it is in case a thing is
+lent gratuitously."
+
+"What is _gratuitously_?" said Rollo.
+
+"Why, for nothing; without any pay. Perhaps the bailor _has_ a right to
+claim his property again, at any time, if it is bailed gratuitously,
+though I am not certain. I will ask some lawyer when I have an
+opportunity. But when a thing is let for pay, or bailed on contract in
+any way, I am sure the bailor ought to leave it in the hands of the
+bailee, until the purpose is accomplished; or, at least, until there has
+been a fair opportunity to accomplish it.
+
+"Wherefore I decide that, as Henry intended to let Rollo have the dipper
+for the whole expedition, and as he took Rollo's basket, and Rollo
+agreed to let him have some drink, as conditions, therefore, he ought
+not to have reclaimed the dipper. Since he did reclaim it, Rollo did
+perfectly right to give it up, fish and all; and as he did so, it was a
+bailment for the benefit of the bailee, that is, Henry. And of course it
+was at his risk, and, in strict justice, Rollo has a right to claim
+compensation for the loss of his fish. But then I should hope he won't
+insist upon it."
+
+"Well, sir," said Rollo, "I don't care much about it now."
+
+"You see, Henry," continued Rollo's father, "I haven't been talking
+about this all this time on account of the value of the fish, but to
+have you understand some of the principles you ought to regard, when any
+other's property is in your possession. So, now, you may all go."
+
+"Well, uncle," said James, as the children rose from their seats,
+"haven't you got some great box that we can have for our cabinet?"
+
+"Your cabinet?" asked his uncle.
+
+"Yes, sir, we want to make a museum."
+
+"Why, Rollo has got a cabinet. Jonas made him one."
+
+"Yes, sir; but he wants his for himself, and we want one for our
+society."
+
+"You may have mine, now," said Rollo; "I am not going to have one alone.
+I have concluded to let you have mine. Come."
+
+So Rollo moved on, as if he wished to go. In fact, he had an instinctive
+feeling that his conduct in respect to the cabinet and the society would
+not bear examination, and he wanted to go.
+
+But his father, afraid that Rollo had been doing some injustice to his
+playmates, stopped the children and inquired into the case. The children
+told him that they had formed a society, and had elected Jonas cabinet
+keeper; and that Rollo had afterwards said he meant to be cabinet keeper
+himself, and so would not let the society have his cabinet to keep
+their curiosities in.
+
+"And did he first agree that the society might have it?"
+
+"No, sir," said Rollo, decidedly; "I did not agree to any thing about
+it." He thought that this would exonerate him from all blame.
+
+"Was not there a _tacit_ agreement?" asked his father.
+
+"A _tacit_ agreement!" repeated Rollo. He did not know what a tacit
+agreement was.
+
+"Yes," said his father, "_tacit_ means silent; a tacit or implied
+agreement is one which is made without being formally expressed in
+words. If it is only understood by both parties, it is just as binding
+as if it were fully expressed. For instance, if I go into a bookstore,
+and ask the bookseller to put me up certain books, and take them and
+carry them home, and then he charges them to me in his books, I must pay
+for them: for, though I did not _say_ any thing about paying for them,
+yet my actions constituted an implied agreement to pay. By going in and
+getting them, under those circumstances, I, in fact, tacitly promise
+that I will pay for them when the bookseller sends in his bill. A very
+large portion of the agreements made among men are tacit agreements."
+
+The children all listened very attentively, and they understood very
+well what Rollo's father was saying. Rollo was considering whether there
+had been a tacit agreement that the society should have the cabinet; but
+he did not speak.
+
+"Now, Rollo, did you consent to the formation of the society?"
+
+"Yes, sir," said Henry, eagerly; "he _asked_ us all to form the
+society."
+
+"And was it the understanding that the museum was to be kept in the
+cabinet that Jonas made?"
+
+"Yes, sir," said Rollo, rather faintly.
+
+"Then, it seems to me that there was a tacit agreement on your part,
+that if the children would form the society and help you make the
+collection, you would submit to whatever arrangements they might make
+about the officers and the charge of the cabinet. You, in fact, _bailed_
+the cabinet to the society."
+
+"Yes, sir," said the children.
+
+"And as the bailment was for your advantage, as well as theirs, you
+ought not to have taken possession of the property again, until a fair
+opportunity had been afforded to accomplish the purpose of the bailment,
+that is, the collection of a cabinet by the society. So, you see, you
+fell into the same fault in respect to the society, that Henry did in
+regard to you in the case of the dipper."
+
+The children were silent; but they all perceived the justice of what
+Rollo's father had said.
+
+"And the society have a claim upon you, Rollo, for compensation for the
+disappointment and trouble you have caused them by taking away the
+cabinet."
+
+Rollo looked rather serious.
+
+"O, we don't care about it," said Lucy.
+
+"Well," said his father, "if the society release their claim upon you,
+as you did yours upon Henry, very well. I hope, at all events, you will
+all go on pleasantly after this."
+
+The children then went out, and Rollo, followed by the other boys, went
+to find Jonas, to tell him he might be cabinet keeper. They tried to
+tell Jonas the whole story, and about Rollo's giving the fish to Henry,
+and its being a bailment. But they could not make Jonas understand it
+very well. He said he did not know any thing about bailment, except
+bailing out boats--he had never heard of bailing fishes.
+
+
+
+
+THE CURIOSITIES.
+
+
+Jonas accepted the office of cabinet keeper. He inquired particularly of
+the children about the meeting of the society, and, as they stated to
+him the facts, he perceived that Rollo had been a good deal disappointed
+at not having been chosen to any office. Jonas was sorry himself that
+Rollo could not have had some special charge, as it was his plan at the
+beginning, and the others had only joined it at his invitation. When he
+observed, also, how good-naturedly Rollo acquiesced,--for he did at last
+acquiesce very good-naturedly indeed,--he was the more sorry; and so he
+proposed to Rollo that he should be _assistant_ cabinet keeper.
+
+"I shall want an assistant," said Jonas, "for I have not time to attend
+to the business much; I can give you directions, and then you can
+arrange the curiosities accordingly; and you can help me when I am at
+work there."
+
+Rollo liked this plan very much; and so Jonas said that he might act as
+assistant cabinet keeper until the next meeting of the society, and then
+he would propose to them to choose him regularly. He told Mary of this
+plan, and she liked it very much indeed.
+
+The children had various plans for collecting curiosities. They had
+meetings of the society once a week, when they all came into the play
+room, bringing in with them the articles which they had found or
+prepared. These articles were there exhibited and admired by all the
+members, and then were put upon the great work-bench, under the care of
+the assistant cabinet keeper. They remained there until Jonas had time
+to look them over, and determine how to arrange them. Then he and Rollo
+put them up in the cabinet, in good order.
+
+Mary did not collect many articles herself; but she used to tell the
+children what they could get or prepare. They made some very pretty
+collections of dried plants at her suggestion. They would come to her,
+as she sat in the house at her work, and there she would explain to
+them, in detail, what to do; and then they would go away and do it,
+bringing their work to her frequently as they went on. In respect to
+collections of plants, she told them that botanists generally pressed
+them, and then fastened them into great books, between the leaves,
+arranged according to the kinds.
+
+"But you," said she, "don't know enough of plants to arrange them in
+that way,--and, besides, it would be too great an undertaking for you to
+attempt to prepare a large collection. But you might make a small
+collection, and select and arrange the flowers in it according to their
+beauty."
+
+Lucy said she should like to do this very much, and so Mary recommended
+to her to go and get as many flowers as she could find, and press them
+between the leaves of some old book which would not be injured by them.
+Lucy did so. She was a week or two in getting them ready. Then she
+brought them to Mary. Mary looked them over, and said that many of them
+were very pretty indeed, and that she could make a very fine collection
+from them.
+
+"Now," said she, "you must have a book to keep them in."
+
+So Mary went and got two sheets of large, light-colored wrapping paper,
+and folded them again and again, until the leaves were of the right
+size. Then she cut the edges.
+
+"Now," said Mary, "I must make some false leaves."
+
+"False leaves!" said Lucy; "what are they?"
+
+"O, you shall see," replied Mary.
+
+She then cut one of the leaves which she had made into narrow strips,
+and put these strips between the true leaves at the back, where they
+were folded, in such a manner, that, when she sewed the book, the false
+leaves would be sewed in with the true. But the false leaves, being
+narrow strips, only made the back thicker. They did not extend out into
+the body of the book between the leaves; but Mary showed Lucy that when
+she came to put in her flowers between the true leaves, it would make
+the body of the book as thick as the back. They would make it thicker,
+were it not for these false leaves.
+
+"Yes," said Lucy, "I have seen false leaves in scrap books, made to
+paste pictures in. I always thought that they made the leaves whole,
+first, and then cut them out."
+
+"No," said Mary, "that would be a great waste of paper. It is very easy
+to make them by sewing in narrow strips."
+
+Mary then asked Lucy to sit up at the table, and select some of her
+prettiest flowers,--some large, and some small,--enough to fill up one
+page of her book; and then to arrange them on the page in such a way as
+to produce the best effect; and Lucy did so. Then she gummed each one
+down upon the page, by touching the under side, here and there, with
+some gum arabic, dissolved in water, but made very thick. When she had
+done one page, she turned the leaf over very carefully, and laid a book
+upon it, and then proceeded to make selections of flowers for the second
+page. In this manner she went on through the book, and it made a very
+beautiful book indeed. Mary put a cover and a title-page to it; and on
+the title-page, she wrote the title, thus:--
+
+                               A
+
+                          COLLECTION
+
+                              OF
+
+                        COMMON FLOWERS,
+
+                              BY
+
+                             LUCY.
+
+When it was all ready, it was presented to the society, and put into the
+cabinet, where it was long known by the name of "_Lucy's Collection_."
+She wrote the name of each plant under it, as fast as she could find out
+the names; and, whenever visitors came to see the museum, she would ask
+them the name of any of the flowers in her collection which she did not
+know, and then wrote the name down. Thus, after a time, nearly all the
+names were entered; and so, whenever the children found any flower which
+they did not know, they would sometimes go and look over Lucy's
+collection, and there perhaps they would find the very flower with its
+name under it.
+
+This museum lasted several years; and the next spring, Rollo made his
+collection of flowers, which was larger than Lucy's. Mary helped him
+about it. At first, he was going to have it in a larger book; but Mary
+thought it would be better to have all the books of a size, and then
+they would lie together very compactly, in a pile; which would not be
+the case if they had several books of different sizes. She said if any
+one wanted to make a larger collection, he had better have several
+volumes. Rollo made volume after volume, until at last his collection
+consisted of six.
+
+There was one collection of _leaves_; Henry made it. His object was to
+see how many different-shaped leaves he could get. He did not regard the
+little differences which exist between the leaves of the same tree, but
+only the essential differences of shape; such as between the leaf of the
+oak and of the maple. Two or three pages were devoted to leaves of
+forest-trees, and they looked very beautiful indeed. Leaves, being
+naturally flat, can be pressed very easily, and they generally preserve
+their colors pretty well. One page was devoted to the leaves of
+evergreens, such as the pine, fir, spruce, hemlock; and they made a
+singular appearance, they were so small and slender. A little sprig of
+pine leaves was put in the centre, and the others around. Then there
+were the leaves of fruit-trees and plants, such as the apple, pear,
+peach, plum, raspberry, strawberry, currant, gooseberry, &c., arranged
+by themselves; and there were half a dozen pages devoted to
+bright-colored leaves, gathered in the autumn, after the frost had come.
+These pages looked very splendidly. The names of the plants to which all
+these leaves belonged were written under them, and also the name given
+by botanists to indicate the particular shape of the leaf; these names
+the children found in books of botany. Such, for instance, as
+_serrated_, which means notched all around the edge with teeth like a
+saw, like the strawberry leaf; and _cordate_, which means shaped like a
+heart, as the lilac leaf is, and many others.
+
+There was also a collection of brakes that Rollo made, which the
+children liked to look over very much. There is a great variety in the
+forms of brakes, or ferns, and yet they are all regular and beautiful,
+and are so flat that they are easily pressed and preserved. But of all
+the botanical collections which were formed and deposited in this
+museum, one of the prettiest was a little collection of _petals_, which
+Rollo's mother made. Petals are the colored leaves of flowers,--those
+which form the flower itself. Sometimes the flower cannot be pressed
+very well whole, and yet, if you take off one of its petals, you find
+that that will press very easily, and preserve its color finely. So
+Rollo's mother, every day, when she saw a flower, would put one of the
+leaves into a book, and after a time she had a large collection,--red,
+and white, and blue, and yellow, and brown, in fact, of almost every
+color. Then she made a little book of white paper, because she thought
+the colors and forms of these delicate petals would appear to better
+advantage on a smooth, white ground. She then made a selection from all
+which she had preserved, and arranged them upon the pages of her little
+book, so as to bring a great variety both of form and color upon a page;
+and yet forms and colors so selected that all that was upon one page
+should be in keeping and harmony.
+
+But it was not merely the botanical collections in the museum which
+interested the children. They had some philosophical apparatus. There
+was what the boys called a sucker, which consisted of a round piece of
+sole leather, about as big as a dollar, with a string put through the
+middle, and a stop-knot in the end of it, to keep the string from coming
+entirely through; then, when the leather was wet, the boys could just
+pat it down upon a smooth stone, and then lift the stone by the string;
+the sucker appearing to stick to the stone very closely. Rollo did not
+understand how the sucker could lift so well; his father said it was by
+the pressure of the atmosphere, but in a way that Rollo was not old
+enough to understand.
+
+Then there was what the boys called a circular saw, made of a flat,
+circular piece of lead, as large as the top of a tea cup. Jonas had
+hammered it out of a bullet. There were saw-teeth cut all around the
+circumference, and two holes bored through the lead, at a little
+distance from the centre, one on each side. There was a string passed
+through these holes, and then the ends were tied together; and to put
+the circular saw in motion, this string was held over the two hands, as
+the string is held when you first begin to play cat's-cradle. Then, by a
+peculiar motion, this saw could be made to whirl very swiftly, by
+pulling the two hands apart, and then letting them come together
+again,--the string twisting and untwisting alternately, all the time.
+There were various other articles of apparatus for performing
+philosophical experiments; such as a prism, a magnet, pipes for blowing
+soap bubbles, a syringe, or squirt-gun, as the boys called it, made of a
+reed, which may be said to be a philosophical instrument.
+
+Jonas made a collection of specimens of _wood_, which was, on the whole,
+very curious, as well as somewhat useful. As he was at work sawing wood
+from day to day, he laid aside small specimens of the different kinds;
+as oak, maple, beech, ash, fir, cedar, &c. He generally chose small,
+round pieces, about as large round as a boy's arm, and sawed off a short
+piece about three inches long. This he split into quarters, and reserved
+one quarter for his specimen, throwing the others away. This quarter
+had, of course, three sides; one was covered with bark, and the other
+two were the split sides. As fast as Jonas got these specimens split out
+in this manner, he put them in the barn, upon a shelf, near the bench;
+and then, one day, he took them one by one, and planed one of the split
+sides of each, and then smoothed it perfectly with sand paper.
+
+Rollo, who was standing by at the time, asked him why he did not plane
+them all around.
+
+"O, because," said Jonas, "they are for specimens, and so we want them
+to show the bark on one side, and the wood on the other side, in its
+natural state; and the third side is enough to show its appearance when
+it is manufactured."
+
+"Manufactured!" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," said Jonas; "planed and varnished, as it is when it is made into
+furniture."
+
+"Are you going to varnish the sides that you plane?"
+
+Jonas said he was; and he did so. He planed one side, and one end. He
+varnished the planed side, and pasted a neat little label on the planed
+end. On the label he wrote the name of the wood, and some very brief
+account of its qualities and uses, when he knew what they were. For
+instance, on the end of the specimen of walnut, was written in a very
+close but plain hand--
+
+     Walnut, very tough and hard. Used for handles.
+
+After Jonas had got as many specimens as he could, from the wood pile,
+he used to cut others in the woods, when he happened to be there, of
+kinds which are not commonly cut for fuel. In this way he got, after a
+time, more than twenty different kinds, and when they were all neatly
+varnished and labelled, it made a very curious collection; and it was
+very useful, too, sometimes; for whenever the boys found any kind of a
+tree in the woods which they did not know, all they had to do, was to
+cut a branch of it off, and bring it to the museum, and compare it with
+Jonas's specimens. In this way, before long, they learned the names of
+nearly all the trees which grew in the woods about there.
+
+There was a curious circumstance which happened in respect to Rollo's
+hemlock-seed. It has already been said that this supposed hemlock-seed
+was really a chrysalis. Now, a chrysalis is that form which all
+caterpillars assume, before they change into butterflies; and the animal
+remains within, generally for some time, in a dormant state;--all the
+time, however, making a slow progress towards its development. Now,
+Rollo's great chrysalis remained in a conspicuous position, upon the
+middle shelf in the cabinet, for some weeks. Rollo always insisted, when
+he showed it to visitors, that it was a hemlock-seed. Jonas said he knew
+it was not; and he did not believe it was any kind of seed. But then he
+confessed that he did not know what it was, and Rollo considered that he
+had his father's authority for believing it to be a hemlock-seed,
+because his father had said he thought it might be so, judging however
+only by Rollo's description, without having seen it at all. Rollo always
+asserted very confidently that it was a hemlock-seed, and that he was
+going to plant it the next spring.
+
+In the mean time, the humble caterpillar within, unconscious of the
+conspicuous position to which he had been elevated, and the
+distinguished marks of attention he received from many visitors, went
+slowly on in his progress towards a new stage of being. When the time
+was fully come, he very coolly gnawed a hole in one end of his glossy
+shell, and laboriously pushed himself through, his broad and beautiful
+wings folded up compactly by his side. When he was fairly liberated, he
+stood for two hours perfectly silent and motionless upon the shelf,
+while his wings gradually expanded, and assumed their proper form and
+dimensions. It was rather dark, for the doors were closed; and yet
+sufficient light came through the crevices of Jonas's cabinet, to enable
+him to see the various objects around him, though he took very little
+notice of them. It was a strange thing for him to be shut up in such a
+place, with no green trees, or grass, or flowers around; but having
+never turned into a butterfly before, he did not know that there was any
+thing unusual in his situation.
+
+He began, however, in the course of six hours, to feel decidedly hungry;
+so he thought he would creep along in search of something to eat. He
+tried his proboscis upon one curiosity after another, in vain. The
+magnet, the sucker, pebbles, shells, books, every thing was hard, dry
+and tasteless; and at length, discouraged and in despair, he clambered
+up upon Jonas's specimen of maple, poised his broad, black, leopard-like
+wings over his back, and hung his head in mute despair. He would have
+given all his newborn glories for one single supper from the leaf which
+he used to feed upon when he was a worm.
+
+It was just about this time, that Rollo, Lucy, and Jonas happened to
+come together to the cabinet, to put in some new curiosity which they
+had found. As soon as Rollo opened the doors, he perceived the hole in
+the end of the chrysalis, which lay directly before him. He seized it
+hastily.
+
+"There now," said he, in a tone of sad disappointment, "somebody has
+been boring a hole in my hemlock-seed!"
+
+He took up the empty shell, and looked at the hole.
+
+"Why, Jonas," said he, "how light it is!"
+
+Jonas took the chrysalis, weighed it in his hand, looked into the hole,
+and then said, quickly,
+
+"It is a chrysalis, I verily believe; and that is where the butterfly
+came out."
+
+"What!" said Rollo, in a tone of utter amazement.
+
+"That hole is where a butterfly came out," said Jonas, "I have no
+doubt;--and if we look about here a little, we shall find him."
+
+They immediately began to look about; and the butterfly, as if he
+understood their conversation, and perceived the necessity of a movement
+on his part, just at that instant, expanded his wings, and floated off
+through the air into the middle of the room, towards the bright sunshine
+which came in at the door. He alighted upon the edge of a barrel, which
+stood there. Rollo was after him in a moment, with his cap in the air.
+The butterfly, however, was too hungry to wait. He was again upon the
+wing. He soared away across the yard, towards the garden, and
+disappeared over the tops of the trees. Rollo and Lucy looked for him
+for some time among the plants and flowers, but in vain.
+
+"Never mind," said Jonas, when they returned. "The butterfly had rather
+be free; but he has left you the chrysalis shell, and that,
+notwithstanding the hole, is a greater curiosity now, than it was
+before."
+
+
+
+
+THE SEA-SHORE.
+
+
+Rollo's father and mother were very much pleased with the children's
+plan of collecting a cabinet. They often went out, at Rollo's request,
+to look at the curiosities.
+
+One evening, about sunset, when they were walking in the garden, Rollo
+proposed that, before they went into the house, they should go out and
+look at the museum. They accordingly walked along, Rollo and Mary taking
+hold of hands before, and their father and mother walking arm in arm
+after them. Nathan was behind, riding a stick for a horse, and blowing a
+trumpet which Rollo had made for him out of the stem of a pumpkin vine.
+
+"I am a trooper," said Nathan to himself, "blowing a bugle." Then he
+would whip his horse, sound his trumpet, and gallop along.
+
+When they reached the door of the barn which led into the place where
+their museum was kept, Rollo turned round and said sharply,
+
+"Thanny, be quiet! Don't make such a noise."
+
+"Speak pleasantly, Rollo," said Mary.
+
+"Well, Thanny," said Rollo, taking hold of his arm, and gently turning
+him away from the door, "go and blow your bugle somewhere else, because
+we want to see our curiosities."
+
+Thanny made no reply; but, being spoken to pleasantly, he turned around
+and went galloping off, and seeing the cat upon the fence, he ran up and
+began trumpeting at her to frighten her away.
+
+In the mean time, Rollo's father and mother looked over the curiosities,
+as they had done many a time before. Rollo explained the wonders, and
+his parents looked and listened with great satisfaction, though they had
+been called upon to admire the same things for the same reasons, twenty
+times before.
+
+"But, Rollo," said his father, at length, "it appears to me that your
+cabinet has not increased much, lately."
+
+"Why, father, we can't find any more curiosities. I wish we could go to
+some new place."
+
+"What new place can we go to?" said he.
+
+"I don't know," said Rollo; "some place where there are some
+curiosities."
+
+"We might go to the sea-shore, and get some shells," said Mary.
+
+"So we could," said her father; "that would give you a fine addition."
+
+"Well, father," said Rollo, looking up very eagerly, "I wish you would
+let us go."
+
+"I will think of it," said his father.
+
+Rollo knew that when his father said this, he meant as he said, and that
+he would really think of it;--and consequently that he himself ought not
+to say any thing more about it. He accordingly soon began to talk to
+Mary about other things, and by and by they went into the house.
+
+The next day, Rollo's father told him that they had concluded to make a
+party to go to the sea-shore. There was a shore and a beach about twelve
+miles from where they lived, and he said that they were going the next
+day in the carryall. Rollo's father and mother, with Mary and her cousin
+Lucy, were to ride in the carryall, and Rollo and Jonas in the wagon
+behind.
+
+"We want cousin Lucy to go with us," said Mr. Holiday, in explaining the
+plan, "and so there will not be quite room for us all in the carryall.
+Besides, we shall want Jonas's help, probably, in the expedition, and
+then the wagon will be a good thing to bring back our treasures in."
+
+"O father," said Rollo, "we shall not get more than a carryall full."
+
+"No, I suppose not," said his father; "but the wagon will be better to
+bring stones, and sand, and shells. You must put baskets in behind, to
+pack them in."
+
+The next afternoon, all was in readiness at the appointed hour. The
+carryall was at the door, waiting to receive its portion of the party,
+and the wagon was fastened to a post behind. Jonas stood at the head of
+the carryall horse, to hold him still while the people should be getting
+in. Rollo was near the wagon horse.
+
+"Shall I unfasten him, Jonas?"
+
+"_You_ can't unfasten him," said he.
+
+"O yes, I can, if you will only let me try."
+
+Rollo approached the horse, and cautiously reached out his hands to
+unhook the chain from the ring at the horse's mouth, standing a good way
+back, and leaning forward on tiptoe, as if he thought the horse would
+bite him.
+
+"What are you afraid of, Rollo?" said Jonas.
+
+"Nothing," said Rollo; "only I can't reach very well."
+
+"Stand up nearer."
+
+"But perhaps he might bite me."
+
+"Poh! he never bites," said Jonas. "There is only one danger to guard
+against, in unfastening such a horse as that."
+
+"What danger?" said Rollo.
+
+"Danger that he may step and tread on your foot."
+
+Rollo looked down at his feet, and began to consider this danger; but
+just then his father and mother came out, followed by the two girls, and
+took their seats in the carryall. Jonas then came to the wagon, and,
+after helping Rollo in, he got in himself, and away the whole party
+went, very happily.
+
+After riding for some time, Rollo's mother, upon looking back towards
+the wagon, saw that Rollo was making signs as if he wanted them to
+stop. She told Mr. Holiday, and he accordingly stopped his horse, and
+waited until the wagon came up. Rollo had a plan to propose.
+
+"Father," said he, "I wish you would let Jonas come into the carryall
+and drive you and mother, and let Mary and cousin Lucy come and ride
+with me."
+
+"But who will drive?" said his father.
+
+"I'll drive," replied Rollo.
+
+"O no," said his mother, "he can't drive; he will overturn the wagon."
+
+"Why, mother, I can drive," said Rollo. "I have been driving some time."
+
+"I rather think there will be no danger," said Mr. Holiday to his wife,
+turning towards her as she sat upon the back seat. "The road is pretty
+level and retired, and he will keep close along behind the carryall."
+
+Rollo's mother looked rather doubtfully, and yet she could not help
+feeling a certain degree of pleasure at thinking that Rollo was old
+enough to drive alone. She accordingly consented, and the change was at
+once made. Rollo's father and mother sat on the back seat of the
+carryall, and Jonas before, to drive them; while Rollo, Mary, and Lucy
+took possession of the wagon.
+
+Rollo drove very well. He kept near the carryall, and was so attentive
+to his business as a driver, and so successful in avoiding stones and
+jolts, and in turning out for the various vehicles they met upon the
+road, that his father let him drive so all the rest of the way.
+
+They gradually approached the sea-shore. The country grew wild and
+hilly, and great ledges of rocks were seen in the fields and by the road
+side. At length, upon the summit of a long ascent, the broad sea burst
+into view, stretching along the horizon before them, smooth and glassy,
+with here and there a small white sail almost motionless in the
+distance. Below them was a long, sandy beach. The surf was breaking
+against it. A swell of the sea, of the whole length of the beach, would
+rise and advance, growing higher and more distinct as it approached, and
+then it would break over upon the shore in one long line of foam, white
+and beautiful, and gracefully curved to adapt itself to the curvature of
+the shore. At the extremities of the beach, points and promontories of
+ragged rocks extended out into the water, white with the breakers which
+foamed and struggled around them. From the whole there arose a continued
+and solemn roar, like the sound of a great waterfall.
+
+Mr. Holiday stopped his horse by the side of the road, and Rollo, when
+he reached the place, stopped also.
+
+"Here we are," said Rollo. "That's the sea."
+
+"Where's the beach?" said Lucy.
+
+Mary was silent.
+
+"Come," said Rollo, "let's drive on."
+
+"O no," said Mary, "wait here a few minutes."
+
+"Jonas, what are you waiting for?" said Rollo.
+
+"I wished him to stop here a few minutes," said Rollo's father, "to let
+us look at the prospect."
+
+Rollo said no more, though he could not understand what his father was
+waiting for. They all sat still, looking at the view, and saying very
+little; Rollo was impatient and restless. In a short time, however,
+Jonas drove on, and Rollo followed him. They went down into a sort of
+valley, where they lost sight of the water again, and then, after
+winding around for some time among the rocks and sand hills, they came
+at length to a high ridge of pebble stones, which ran along the shore;
+and surmounting this, they found the white beach spread out close before
+them, while a long line of wave was just curling over and dashing into
+foam upon the sand. They fastened the horses to some heavy pieces of
+timber, the remains of a wreck, which lay up high upon the sand.
+
+"O, what a wide beach!" said Rollo. The truth is, that when he saw the
+beach from the hill, it looked like a mere line of sand, extending along
+the shore. But now he found it was a broad and smooth area, gently
+descending towards the water. It was firm, so that the children could
+run about upon it. Rollo went down pretty near to the water's edge, and
+amused himself by watching the surf. Each wave would recede after it
+broke, and run off, leaving a broad piece of the beach dry; until, in a
+moment more, another wave would come curling on, and break over the
+retreating water of the former; and then it would rush up the sand, in a
+broad and rapid stream, all along the shore, almost to Rollo's feet.
+
+Rollo asked his father to let him take off his shoes and stockings; and
+he did so. Rollo put each stocking into its shoe, to keep them dry, and
+then laid them down upon the sand beyond the reach of the waves. Then he
+would watch the waves, and whenever the water retreated, he would follow
+it down until he met the new wave coming curling up at him, when he
+would turn and run, the wave after him, to the shore; and when the wave
+broke, it would throw the water all around his feet.
+
+Lucy and Mary walked along the other shore at a greater distance,
+looking for shells. They found a great many. Rollo could hear their
+exclamations of delight at every new shell they found, and they were
+continually calling upon him to come and get some too; but he was too
+much occupied with the surf.
+
+At length, Rollo's attention was excited by hearing Lucy call out,
+
+"O Mary, Mary! I have found a piece of sponge."
+
+Rollo turned around to look. He had just run up from the water, and was
+standing beyond the reach of the surf, though the water which each wave,
+as it broke, sent up upon the shore, played around his feet.
+
+"How big is it?" said Rollo,
+
+"About as big as my finger."
+
+"Ho!" said Rollo; "that is not very big."
+
+Just at this instant, a wave larger than usual burst just behind Rollo,
+and it sent up a torrent of water all around him, which rose almost up
+to his knees. Rollo was frightened. He started to run; but so much water
+confused and embarrassed him. He staggered.
+
+"Stand still, Rollo," said his father.
+
+Rollo then stood still; but by this time the water was receding, and his
+eyes fell upon his two shoes, which had been taken up by the wave, and
+were now running rapidly down from the shore, each loaded with its
+stocking. Rollo ran to seize them, and had just time to get them before
+the next wave advanced and was ready to dash over them. He ran up upon
+the sand, and put his shoes several yards from the highest place that
+the water had come to.
+
+"There," said he, looking back at the waves, "now get my shoes if you
+can!" The waves said nothing, but went on breaking and then retreating,
+just as before.
+
+Rollo then went to where Mary and Lucy were, and began to collect
+shells. They found quite a number of different kinds, all along the
+shore. Some were large and coarse,--broken and worn by the water. Some
+were so thin and delicate that he had to wrap them up carefully in a
+paper, and put them into his waistcoat pocket, in order to get them home
+safely. The children found several other curiosities besides shells.
+They collected pebbles, and specimens of sand, of different colors. Mary
+found an old iron spike, perhaps part of a vessel, with the sand and
+gravel concreted around it. It looked like stone growing upon iron.
+Rollo also found a small piece of wood, battered and worn by the
+long-continued action of the waves, and he thought it was very curious
+indeed. In fine, the children filled their baskets with wonders, and,
+after about three quarters of an hour, they set out on their return
+home. When Rollo went to get his shoes, he found the water almost up to
+them. If he had staid away a little longer, they would have been washed
+away again. The truth was, the tide was rising.
+
+
+
+
+THE CLIFFS.
+
+
+As the party slowly rode away from the beach, Rollo's mother asked if it
+was too late to go to the cliffs. There was a splendid prospect from the
+cliffs. They were rocky precipices overhanging the sea, at the extremity
+of a point of land, about a mile from the beach where they had been. The
+two girls wanted to go very much; but Rollo did not care so much about
+it. He was in haste to get home and arrange his curiosities.
+
+His father, however, after looking at his watch, said that he thought
+there would be time to go. So he turned his horse's head in the right
+direction, and they went to the cliffs.
+
+The precipices were very high, and the swell of the sea dashed and
+roared against them at their foot; and yet the water looked very smooth
+at a little distance from the land. Rollo wondered why there should be
+waves along the beach and against the rocks, when there were none out in
+the open sea.
+
+"I should think, father," said he, "that it would be calmer near the
+shore, and more windy out upon the water."
+
+"It is," said his father.
+
+"Then, why are not the waves bigger?"
+
+"They _are_ full as big."
+
+"Why, father," said Rollo, "there are no waves at all out from the
+land."
+
+"You can't see them very well," said his father, "because we look down
+upon them. When we are upon a mountain, the small hills below almost
+disappear. Besides, the waves out in the open sea, in such a still time
+as this, are in the form of broad swells; but these swells are broken
+when they roll against the shore, and so this makes the surf."
+
+"I mean to look over and see," said Rollo, and he walked cautiously
+along towards the precipice.
+
+"O Rollo," exclaimed Mary, "don't go so near!"
+
+"Why, there is no danger," said Rollo.
+
+"Rollo! Rollo!" exclaimed Mary again, as Rollo went nearer and nearer.
+
+His father had turned away, just as he had finished what he said above,
+and so had not observed what Rollo was doing. In fact, he did not go
+near enough to the brink to be in any danger, though Mary was afraid to
+have him so near.
+
+His mother, hearing Mary's call, turned to see what was the matter, and
+she, too, felt afraid at seeing Rollo so near. She called him to come
+away; but Rollo told her that he was not near enough to fall.
+
+"But I had rather that you would come away," said his mother; and she
+looked very anxious and uneasy, and began to hurry along towards him.
+
+"You see that large island off to the right," said Rollo's father,
+directing her attention in the right quarter.
+
+"Yes, I see it--Rollo!"
+
+"Well, that is George's Island. There is a rock lying just about south
+of it."
+
+"Yes," said Rollo's mother, "I believe I see it," beckoning at the same
+time to Rollo.
+
+Her mind was evidently occupied with watching Rollo. She looked first
+at the rock and island, where Mr. Holiday was pointing, and then back at
+Rollo, until at length Mr. Holiday, perceiving that her mind was
+disturbed by Rollo's motions, said to him,
+
+"Rollo, keep outside of us."
+
+"Outside, father!" said Rollo; "how do you mean?"
+
+"Why, farther back from the brink than we are."
+
+So Rollo walked reluctantly back until he was at about the same distance
+from the brink with his father, and then began to take up some little
+stones, and throw them over. His father and mother went on talking,
+though Rollo's stones disturbed them a little. At length, Rollo came and
+stood near his father to hear what he was saying about a large ship
+which was just coming into view behind the island.
+
+As he stood there, he kept pressing forward to get as near to the brink
+as he could, without actually going before his father and mother. She
+instinctively put out her hand to hold him back, and was evidently so
+uneasy, that Mr. Holiday looked to see what was the matter. Rollo had
+pressed forward so as to be a very little in advance of his father,
+though it was only very little indeed.
+
+"Rollo," said his father, "go and sit in the carryall until we come."
+
+Rollo looked up surprised, and was just going to ask what for. But he
+perceived at once that he was in advance of his parents, and that he had
+consequently disobeyed his father's orders. He went away rather
+sullenly.
+
+"I was not more than an inch in advance of where they were," said he to
+himself; "and, besides, it was far enough from the brink. I don't see
+why I need be sent away."
+
+However, he knew that he must obey, and he went and took his seat in the
+carryall. It was turned away from the sea, and he had nothing before him
+but the inland prospect.
+
+"What dismal-looking rocks and hills!" said he to himself. They had
+appeared wild and picturesque when he first came in view of them, but
+now they had a very gloomy expression. He who is dissatisfied with
+himself, is generally dissatisfied with all around him.
+
+Rollo waited until he was tired, and then he had to wait some time
+longer. At length his father and mother appeared, and Rollo jumped out,
+and asked his father if he might ride in the wagon, and drive the girls
+again.
+
+"No," replied his father, "I have made another arrangement. Jonas," he
+continued, "you may get into the wagon, and drive on alone."
+
+Rollo's father then helped Mrs. Holiday and Mary into the back seat,
+while he put Lucy and Rollo on before, and he took a seat between them.
+When they had rode on a little way, he said,
+
+"I was very sorry to have to send you away, Rollo."
+
+"Why, father, I was not more than an inch before you."
+
+"That's true," said his father.
+
+"And I don't think I was in any danger."
+
+"I don't think you were myself," said his father.
+
+"Then, why did you send me back?"
+
+"For two reasons. First, you disobeyed me."
+
+"But I don't think I came before you more than an inch."
+
+"Nor I," said his father; "very likely it was not more than half an
+inch."
+
+"And was that enough to do any harm?"
+
+"It was enough to constitute _disobedience_. I told you to keep back,
+_outside_ of us, and by coming up even as near as we were, you showed a
+disposition not to obey."
+
+"But I forgot," said Rollo. "I did not observe that I was so near."
+
+"But when I give you a direction like that, it is your duty to observe."
+
+Rollo was silent. After a short pause, he added,
+
+"Well, father, you said that there were two reasons why you sent me
+away."
+
+"Yes, the other was that you were spoiling all the pleasure of the
+party. You kept Mary and mother continually uneasy and anxious."
+
+"But I don't think I went into any danger."
+
+"Perhaps not; that is not what I charge you with. I did not send you
+away for going into danger, but for making other persons anxious and
+uneasy."
+
+"But, father, if there was not any danger, why need they be uneasy?"
+
+"Do you suppose that persons are never made uneasy and anxious, except
+by actual danger?"
+
+"Why--I don't know, sir."
+
+"If you observe persons carefully, you will see that they are."
+
+"Then they must be unreasonable," said Rollo.
+
+"Not altogether," said his father. "If you were lying down upon the
+ground, and I were to come up to you with an axe, and make believe cut
+your head off, it would make you very uneasy, though there would be
+really no danger."
+
+"But this is very different," said Rollo. "That would have been as if I
+had made believe push mother off."
+
+"That would have been more like it, I confess. But I only meant to show
+you that it does not always require real danger, to make any one uneasy
+and anxious. When we see persons in situations which strongly suggest
+the idea of danger to our minds, it makes us uneasy, though we may know
+that there is no actual danger in the case. Thus it is painful to most
+persons to see a carpenter upon a very lofty spire, or to go very near a
+precipice, or see any body else go, even when there is a strong railing;
+and so in all other cases. Therefore, our rule ought always to be, when
+we are in company with others, not only not to go into actual danger,
+but not to go so near as strongly to bring up the idea to their minds,
+and thus distress them."
+
+"I never thought of that before," said Rollo.
+
+"No, I presume not. And I had not time to explain it to you when we were
+upon the cliffs, and so I simply directed you to keep back of us. That
+would have prevented all trouble, if you had only obeyed."
+
+Rollo was silent and thoughtful. He was sorry that he had disobeyed.
+
+"However," continued his father, "I am very glad I have had this
+opportunity to explain this subject to you. Now, I want you to
+remember, after this, that the best way, in all such cases, is to
+consider, not what the actual danger is, but what the feelings and fears
+of those who are with you may be. It is not your own safety, but the
+comfort of others, that you have to look out for."
+
+"Yes, sir," said Rollo, "I will."
+
+"Once there were two young men," continued his father, "taking a ride in
+chaises. Each had his sister with him. They came to an old bridge that
+was somewhat decayed, and it led across a very deep ravine which looked
+very frightful, though in reality the bridge was perfectly strong and
+safe. Now, when the first chaise came near, the girl who was in it cried
+out,
+
+"'O brother, what a bridge! O, I must get out and walk over it. I don't
+dare to ride over such a bridge.'
+
+"'Poh, nonsense!' said Henry. Her brother's name was Henry. 'The bridge
+is strong enough for a four-ox team. I have been over it a dozen times.'
+So he drove on. His sister looked very much terrified when they came
+upon the bridge, but they went over safely.
+
+"'There,' said Henry, when they had got over, 'I told you it was safe.'
+
+"When the other chaise came down, the young lady said the same thing to
+_her_ brother, whose name was Charles. She said she was afraid to ride
+over.
+
+"'Very well,' said Charles. 'The bridge is safe enough, but I think,
+perhaps, it may be pleasanter for you to walk over. It will rest you to
+walk a little, and besides, you can stop to look at the pleasant
+prospect, up and down the river, from the middle of the bridge.'
+
+"So his sister got out, and he drove the chaise over carefully, while
+she walked behind. Now, which do you think took the best course, Charles
+or Henry?"
+
+"I--don't know," said Rollo.
+
+"The way to determine," said his father, "is to apply the Savior's rule,
+'Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.'"
+
+"Well, I think," said Rollo, "that I should rather get out and walk."
+
+"I am sure I should," said Lucy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The whole party, after this, got safely home, though it was too late,
+that night, to arrange their curiosities. They, however, looked them all
+over the next day, and they made a very large and valuable addition to
+their cabinet. The specimens of sand of different colors they arranged
+in little, square, pasteboard boxes, which Mary made, covering them
+neatly with blue paper upon the outside, and with white paper within.
+
+
+
+
+THE THREE NORTHMEN.
+
+
+The summer and autumn passed away, and the winter came on. Rollo was
+having a new great-coat made. He had grown too big for the old one, and
+so his mother had laid it aside, waiting for Nathan to grow up to it.
+
+When Rollo's coat was done, he went out to show it to Jonas. It was
+thick and warm, with large cuffs, and there was a good warm collar to
+come up about his ears.
+
+"And see," said Rollo, throwing the coat back, and slipping one of his
+arms out, "see how easy it comes off and on!"
+
+"Yes," said Jonas, "and that is a great convenience in a great-coat. It
+is a very fine great-coat, indeed. I think, with that on, you will be
+able to make your stand against all three of the Northmen."
+
+"All three of the Northmen!" repeated Rollo. "Who are the Northmen?"
+
+"Don't you know who the three famous Northmen are," said Jonas, "who do
+so much mischief?"
+
+"No," said Rollo, "I never heard of them before."
+
+"Well," said Jonas, "I will tell you some time, but now I must go away
+with the cart."
+
+Jonas had been harnessing the horse into the cart, in the yard, while
+Rollo had been talking with him, and now was about ready to go away.
+Rollo determined to ask his mother to let him go with him.
+
+"Where are you going, Jonas?" said he.
+
+"Down into the woods," said Jonas.
+
+"Wait a minute for me."
+
+So away Rollo ran to ask his mother. She said, yes; and he accordingly
+came out and took his seat, by the side of Jonas, upon a board which was
+placed across the cart, from one side to the other.
+
+Jonas was going down into the woods to bring up a load of wood which he
+had obtained from the trimmings of the trees. It was a cold, frosty
+morning, and the winter was near; and Jonas wished to get the wood in
+before the snow should come and cover it up. Rollo was so much
+interested in driving the cart down, and then in loading it with wood,
+that he forgot to ask Jonas about the three famous Northmen.
+
+About a month after this, there were a few very cold mornings. The ice
+froze very hard in a tub of water before the pump, and Jonas had to cut
+a hole in it with the axe, for the horse to drink.
+
+Rollo saw him through the kitchen window, and he opened the door and ran
+out a moment to see him. Jonas was cutting away very carefully all
+around the sides of the tub, so as to get the whole mass of ice out
+together. Rollo stood looking on, shivering. He had no hat on, and only
+slippers upon his feet. He stood leaning a little forward, his arms
+hanging off from his sides as if they were driven off by electric
+repulsion.
+
+"A'n't you cold?" said Rollo to Jonas.
+
+"No," said Jonas, "not at all."
+
+"I am; and I can't stay out here any longer, I am so cold."
+
+"You are not prepared for it; that is the difficulty. Go and put on your
+boots, and your cap, and your mittens, and button up your jacket, and
+come out here and go to work with me, and you won't be cold."
+
+Rollo ran in and got his boots; and after warming them by the kitchen
+fire, he put them on. He also buttoned his jacket up to his chin, and
+drew on his mittens, and put on his cap. He then went out again to find
+Jonas.
+
+He found him in the barn, pitching down hay.
+
+"Now," said Rollo, as he came up the stairs, "what shall I do?"
+
+"Ah, you have come out to work, have you?" said Jonas. "Well, take this
+pitchfork, and mount up upon the loft there, and pitch me down some
+hay."
+
+Rollo found it very hard to get up upon the loft. There were only some
+pegs, driven into a post, to climb up by. However, with Jonas's help, he
+got up, and then clambered over upon the hay; and Jonas threw the
+pitchfork up after him.
+
+"Now work moderately," said Jonas, "and I'll insure that the Northmen
+can't touch you."
+
+"O, there!" said Rollo, "you have never told me about the Northmen."
+
+"Well," said Jonas, "I will tell you now, when you come down."
+
+After pitching the hay down a little while, Rollo descended, though it
+was not necessary for Jonas to help him, for he jumped down upon the
+heap of hay which he had made. They then went together, attending to
+Jonas's work about the barn, while Rollo stopped occasionally to look
+out the open door or window, where the sun was shining in very
+pleasantly. Rollo began to think it was a warm, pleasant morning.
+
+"There is one of the Northmen," said Jonas, "that you are somewhat
+acquainted with already."
+
+"What is his name?" said Rollo.
+
+"Captain Jack Frost," replied Jonas.
+
+"O, yes," said Rollo, with a smile, "I have heard of that gentleman
+before."
+
+"Yes," said Jonas, "he is pretty well known. He is a great
+mischief-maker. He lives in an ice castle at the North, and in the fall
+of the year he comes creeping along in the still nights, and early in
+the mornings. He builds bridges over the ponds, and brooks, and plants
+little gardens of hoar frost; and where he sees a stone in the ground,
+he stamps his foot upon it, and crowds it down a little way. Then it is
+his great delight to go about pinching boys' toes and noses. He is a
+sly rogue."
+
+"And who are the other Northmen?" said Rollo.
+
+"The next is General Boreas," said Jonas.
+
+"General Boreas!" repeated Rollo; "and who is he?"
+
+"O! he is a terrible fellow," replied Jonas. "He comes roaring and
+thundering along the tops of the forests at midnight, in snowstorms and
+hail. He buries up the whole country, he breaks down the trees, and
+sometimes unroofs the houses. Then, if he finds any poor traveller out,
+he whistles and roars about his ears, and tries to frighten him; and he
+throws snow into his face, and heaps it up all about him in order to
+bury him up if he can.
+
+"Then, besides," continued Jonas, "the old stormer has another way of
+making mischief. After he has got the valleys and streams covered and
+filled with ice and snow, he brings on a tempest of wind and rain, and
+fills the land with torrents, which raise the streams, and tear up the
+ice, and carry it down in vast, broken, and jamming blocks, which break
+down the bridges, and carry away dams, and spread all over the meadows,
+frightening a good many families out of their beds at midnight."
+
+"Is that the way that General Boreas acts?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," replied Jonas, "that's the way."
+
+"And who is the third Northman?" said Rollo.
+
+"His name is Old Zero," replied Jonas. "He is more than threescore years
+and ten, a great deal; his head is hoary, and his beard is long and
+gray. He creeps softly along after General Boreas has worked himself out
+of breath, and gone away. He curtains over all the windows with frost
+work in the night. He likes the night, when it is calm and still, and
+the stars are shining bright and cold all over the sky. And he kills
+more people than Boreas does."
+
+"Kills them?" said Rollo.
+
+"Yes," replied Jonas. "He makes no blustering, but he stings bitterly,
+and the poor traveller has his ears, and hands, and feet frozen before
+he knows what a cruel enemy is around him. Captain Jack Frost you may
+laugh at,--but as to Old Zero, you had better beware of him."
+
+Rollo laughed a good deal at Jonas's account of the three Northmen, and
+Jonas told him that they sometimes made some splendid curiosities, which
+would be beautiful for a shelf in his museum, if they would only keep.
+
+"What are the curiosities?" said Rollo.
+
+"O, all kinds of stars, and spangles, and snow-flakes, of a great many
+beautiful forms,--and icicles, and frost work. But they will not keep
+very long, unless you make a cabinet expressly for them."
+
+"_I_ can't make a cabinet," said Rollo.
+
+"O, yes, you can,--a frost-cabinet," said Jonas.
+
+"How?" asked Rollo.
+
+"Why, you must go down near the brook, in the middle of the winter, and
+make a little room of snow. Then you must get a large piece of thin,
+clear ice from a still place in the brook, and fix it in for a window.
+You must also get some sheets of white ice, or snow crust, for shelves,
+and put your frost curiosities upon them. If you make it in a cold
+place, they will keep for some time."
+
+"I _will_ make a frost museum," said Rollo. "I mean to go down to-day
+and look out a place."
+
+"Yes," said Jonas, "and you can keep it a secret until it is done, and
+then take your father and mother down to see it, and surprise them."
+
+"Yes," said Rollo, clapping his hands, "so I will."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+ROLLO BOOKS.
+
+BY JACOB ABBOTT.
+
+
+ _Rollo at Work_,                   _Rollo at School_,
+ _Rollo at Play_,                   _Rollo's Vacation_,
+ _Rollo Learning to Read_,          _Rollo Learning to Talk_.
+
+                    BOUND IN UNIFORM STYLE.
+
+The publishers request the attention of the friends of the young to this
+popular series of books, which have been pronounced, by competent and
+judicious persons, the best works for children published, not even
+excepting the best English writers. Mr. Abbott's style is peculiarly
+interesting to children, being natural and simple, and portraying the
+trials and temptations of childhood, just as they occur in every day
+life, and giving them clear and distinct ideas of the right and wrong in
+their actions.
+
+                    _From the Christian Examiner._
+
+As a whole, they make the most important series of juvenile books that
+have appeared, to our knowledge, since Miss Edgeworth. They are very
+unlike those, and yet they resemble them in some prominent features;
+especially in making it their chief object to be _pleasing_, and thus
+gently and imperceptibly opening a way for _instruction_ to the mind and
+morals, without obtruding or forcing it in the least. For this the books
+before us are remarkable. They are entertaining throughout. The interest
+never flags, and yet there is no seeming attempt to sustain it. There is
+little continuous story, and no plot or romance, or grown-up folly, such
+as fills half of the _young_ novels now made for children. Here is a
+little boy, who is first induced to learn to _talk_; and in order to do
+this, he is made to see objects for himself, and think about them, and
+ask questions. Next he is taught to _read_; to effect this, he is
+candidly told that learning to read is not play, but work, and at first
+dry and hard work. It soon becomes easy, however, because it is
+undertaken in earnest, and then it becomes pleasant; and parents may
+take a hint from this, when they are afraid to allow letters and
+learning to wear any form but that of playthings and pastime to their
+children. In the third volume, Rollo is at _work_; in the fourth, at
+_play_; and the morals of both play and work are as easily and
+pleasantly insinuated as we have often seen. There is constant
+occupation in both, and constant natural opportunities of learning the
+duty and the advantage of feeling and doing right, and thus seeing the
+evil of feeling and doing wrong; for Mr. Abbott fully carries out, in
+these books, the great principle which we rejoice to see advanced in the
+Preface to one of them, namely, "that it is generally better, in dealing
+with children, to allure them to what is right by agreeable pictures of
+it, than to attempt to drive them to it by repulsive delineations of
+what is wrong." The fifth volume presents Rollo at _School_, and the
+last his _vacation_. They keep up the interest, and advance in maturity
+of thought and illustration, as the boy advances.
+
+     _From the Mother's Magazine, edited by Mrs. Whittlesey._
+
+Mr. Abbott possesses, in a very high degree, the faculty of awakening
+the interest of children. His writings have that absolute requisite for
+securing permanent popularity--_truth to nature_. His boys and girls
+talk and act _like_ boys and girls, not like miniature men and women.
+
+There are a thousand minute touches in his descriptions, which are
+evidently drawn from the life, and which betoken a habit of close and
+accurate observation of the ways and manners of children. In reading his
+books, you hardly believe that it is not your own little Charles or
+Henry, whose doings and sayings he is reporting. It is this truth and
+freshness in minute touches that constitutes _picturesqueness_ in
+writing; a quality which renders Miss Edgeworth and Mr. Abbott
+attractive not only to _little_ readers, but to some older persons that
+we know. We have spoken of these books as _interesting_; we can also
+recommend them as adapted to be exceedingly _useful_--and for the very
+same reason. Instead of _general_ exhortations to certain things, and
+dehortations from others, children here find vivid pictures of the very
+faults they are to strive against, and are shown how to strive--of the
+good habits they are to acquire, and _how_ they may be acquired. Parents
+will find them a valuable aid in the instruction and amendment of their
+children.
+
+                    _In Press_,
+
+                    ROLLO'S EXPERIMENTS.
+                    ROLLO'S MUSEUM.
+
+
+
+
+BOOKS FOR THE YOUNG,
+
+PUBLISHED BY
+
+WEEKS, JORDAN, & CO.
+
+
+WEEKS, JORDAN, & CO. are engaged in publishing books for young persons,
+in the preparing of which particular attention will be given to
+furnishing reading which shall combine rational and innocent recreation
+with good moral influence. Those published are,
+
+CHARLES HARTLAND, or THE VILLAGE MISSIONARY. By the author of "The
+House I live in." A work full of incident, illustrating Christian
+principles in the young by example.
+
+UNCLE THOMAS'S STORIES OF SHIPWRECKS. By THOMAS BINGLEY, author of
+"Stories about Dogs," &c. With five engravings.
+
+LITTLE DOVE, by KRUMMACHER, and LITTLE DOWNY, or THE FIELD MOUSE.
+
+THE WARNING. By MRS. FOLLEN. New Edition.
+
+HAPPY DAYS. By the author of "Happy Valley."
+
+MARY HOWITT'S TALES IN PROSE.
+
+---- IN VERSE.
+
+---- NATURAL HISTORY.
+
+PICTURES AND STORIES FOR CHILDREN. By a Lady.
+
+VICTIMS OF GAMING, or PASSAGES FROM THE DIARY OF AN AMERICAN
+PHYSICIAN.
+
+THREE WEEKS IN PALESTINE AND LEBANON.
+
+STORIES AND RHYMES FOR CHILDREN. By a Lady.
+
+ALNOMUC, or THE GOLDEN RULE; A Tale of the Sea. 18 engravings.
+
+TEACHER'S PRESENT. With a copperplate.
+
+OLD IRONSIDE. By the author of "Alnomuc." 24 engravings.
+
+PETER PARLEY'S METHOD OF TELLING ABOUT THE GEOGRAPHY OF THE BIBLE.
+
+THE BOY AND THE BIRDS.
+
+ROSE AND HER LAMB.
+
+
+
+
+TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES:
+
+
+1. Minor changes have been made to correct usage of punctuation;
+otherwise, every effort has been made to ensure that this etext is
+faithful to the original book.
+
+2. The original Table of Contents incorrectly listed the first chapter
+as beginning on page 11; this has been corrected to reflect the first
+page as page 9.
+
+3. The footnote in the first chapter refers the reader to the
+Frontispiece; in fact, the Frontispiece refers to an event in seventh
+chapter. The Transcriber believes that the footnote should read "See
+page 23."
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Rollo's Museum, by Jacob Abbott
+
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author	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-15 02:17:44 -0700
committer	Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org>	2025-10-15 02:17:44 -0700
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tree	bb9c4c0788f53d7cf85e5e64b509575bcf7b7fdd