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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Faustus, by Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger,
+Translated by George Borrow
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Faustus
+       his Life, Death, and Doom
+
+
+Author: Friedrich Maximilian von Klinger
+
+
+
+Release Date: May 14, 2008  [eBook #25468]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FAUSTUS***
+
+
+Transcribed from the 1864 W. Kent and Co. edition by David Price, email
+ccx074@pglaf.org
+
+
+
+
+
+FAUSTUS:
+HIS
+LIFE, DEATH, AND DOOM.
+
+
+                           A ROMANCE IN PROSE.
+
+                       Translated from the German.
+
+          "Speed thee, speed thee,
+          Liberty lead thee,
+    Many this night shall hearken and heed thee.
+          Far abroad,
+          Demi-god,
+    Who shall appal thee!
+    Javal, or devil, or what else we call thee."
+
+                                 LONDON:
+                    W. KENT AND CO., PATERNOSTER-ROW.
+                                  1864.
+
+                                 LONDON:
+              ROBSON AND LEVEY, PRINTERS, GREAT NEW STREET,
+                               FETTER LANE.
+
+
+
+
+THE TRANSLATOR TO THE PUBLIC.
+
+
+The publication of the present volume may at first sight appear to
+require some brief explanation from the Translator, inasmuch as the
+character of the incidents may justify such an expectation on the part of
+the reader.  It is therefore necessary to state, that although strange
+scenes of vice and crime are here exhibited, it is in the hope that they
+may serve as beacons, to guide the ignorant and unwary from the shoals on
+which they might otherwise be wrecked.
+
+The work, when considered as a whole, is strictly moral.  The Catholic
+priest is not praised for burning his fellow-creature at an _auto-da-fe_,
+and for wallowing in licentiousness; nor is the Calvinist commended for
+his unrelenting malignity to all those whose tenets are different from
+his own, and for crying down the most innocent pleasures and relaxations
+which a bountiful and just God has been pleased to place within the reach
+of his earthly children.
+
+The tyrant and the oppressor of mankind will here find himself depicted
+in his proper colours.
+
+Neither will the _champions of freedom_ pass the fiery ordeal with feet
+unseared; since a glorious specimen of what they all are will be found
+among the following pages.  Ye who with ever-open mouths are constantly
+clamouring at whatever is established, whether it be beneficial to the
+human race or injurious, will here find the motives for your conduct
+pointed out and held up to contempt and execration.
+
+But, above all, this work contains the following highly useful advice:
+
+Let every one bear his lot with patience, and not seek, at the expense of
+his repose, to penetrate into those secrets which the spirit of man,
+while dressed in the garb of mortality, cannot and must not unveil.  Let
+every one bridle those emotions which the strange and frequently
+revolting phenomena of the moral world may cause to arise in his bosom,
+and beware of deciding upon them; for He alone who has power to check or
+permit them, can know how and why they happen, whither they tend, and
+what will be their ultimate consequence.  To the mind of man all is dark;
+he is an enigma to himself: let him live, therefore, in the hope of once
+seeing clearly; and happy indeed is he who in this manner passes his
+days.
+
+The present translation, it should be added, has been executed with as
+much fidelity to the original as the difference of the two languages, and
+other considerations, would allow.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+            CHAPTER I.              1
+Ambitious Character of
+Faustus--His Discovery of
+Printing--Journey to
+Frankfort--The Devil, the White
+Nun, and Father Gebhardt of
+Mayence--Faustus offers his Bible
+to the Council of Frankfort--His
+first Interview with a
+Spirit--The Infernal
+Banquet--Speech of
+Satan--Allegorical Entertainments
+of Leviathan--Faustus's Dialogue
+with the Devil
+           CHAPTER II.              60
+Leviathan meets Faustus at an Inn
+at Frankfort--Assembling of the
+Council, and Discussion on
+Faustus's Bible--Corporation
+Squabbles--Leviathan and Faustus
+invited to a grand Civic
+Entertainment--Faustus presents
+his Bible to the City--His
+Introduction to the
+Mayoress--Knighthood of the
+Mayor--The Devil's Revenge on the
+Corrupt Corporation--The Hermit
+of Homburg--A Lesson to
+Misanthropists--The Hermit and
+the lovely Pilgrim--His Hut burnt
+by Leviathan, and he perishes in
+the Flames--Faustus returns to
+his Wife and Family at
+Mayence--Espouses the Cause of a
+despairing Client, and corrupts
+the Judge--Dispute about the Nun
+Clara--Leviathan's Revenge on the
+avaricious Judge--Faustus's
+Adventure with Clara--Takes leave
+of his Family--Rescues a Youth
+from Drowning
+           CHAPTER III.             116
+The Devil and Faustus continue
+their Journey on the Banks of the
+Fulda--The oppressive
+Prince-Bishop--Faustus's
+Interview with the
+Bishop--Clerical Luxury--Case of
+Dr. Robertus, the Protector of
+the People--Faustus espouses his
+Cause, and liberates the
+"Patriot"--The Devil and Faustus
+visit the Court of the Prince of
+---.--The betrayed Minister and
+his Daughter--The Devil and
+Faustus imprisoned--The Fiend
+suffocates the Prince, and, with
+Faustus, resumes his Journey--The
+Wildgrave and burning
+Village--The infatuated
+Monk--School of
+Physiognomy--Faustus and the
+Virgin Student--The Devil's
+Peep-show, and its Talismanic
+Influence--Portrait of the Fiend
+           CHAPTER IV.              181
+France in the Reign of Louis
+XI.--Interview of the Devil and
+Faustus with Father Vesois--Loves
+of Madame de Monserau--Faustus
+and the French Widow--The Fatal
+Supper--Arrival of Faustus and
+the Devil at Paris--Execution of
+the Duke of Nemours--Faustus and
+the avaricious
+Father--Infanticide
+recommended--Horrible Death of
+the Miser, and Ruin of his
+Daughter--Trial of a humane
+Surgeon, and ungrateful
+Murderer--Anatomical
+Cruelties--Prisons of
+Paris--Bishop of Verdun's
+Cages--Perillus, the Tyrant
+Phalaris, and the Brazen
+Bull--Atrocious Character of
+Louis XI.--The Hermit of
+Calabria--Faustus and the Devil
+visit England--Cruelties of
+Richard, Duke of Gloucester--The
+Devil's Portraiture of the
+English Character--Arrival of
+Faustus and the Fiend at
+Milan--Murder of the Duke Galeas
+Sforza--Florence--Spanish
+Auto-da-Fe--Pope Alexander
+VI.--Combat of a Papal General
+with one of his Officers for a
+White Goat--Machinations of the
+Pope--Ancient and Modern Rome,
+and her Abominations--Cardinal
+Caesar Borgia--Licentious
+Entertainments at the
+Vatican--The Pope and his
+Illegitimates--Caesar Borgia and
+Michelotto--Stratagem to depose
+his Brother Francisco--Murder of
+the latter--Faustus and the
+lovely Lucretia--Vanity of Human
+Philosophy, and Sophistry of its
+Professors--Atrocious Plots and
+Excesses of Pope Alexander--His
+Sale of Indulgences--Amended
+Catalogue, with increased
+Prices--Murder of Alphonso of
+Arragon--Caesar Borgia's Letter
+to the Pope--Cardinal
+Orsini--Borgia's Triumphal Entry
+into Rome--Marriage of
+Lucretia--Gross Festivities--The
+Devil's Apostrophe
+thereon--Descent of the Pope into
+Hell, and Death of Caesar Borgia
+            CHAPTER V.              261
+Faustus's Consolation for his
+Crimes--Philosophy of
+Voltaire--Faustus's portentous
+Dream--Apparition of his
+Father--Baseness and Ingratitude
+of Man--Flight of the Devil and
+Faustus to Mayence--Death of his
+Son, and Destruction of his
+Family--Retrospect of his
+criminal Career--Accursed Destiny
+of Faustus, and Triumph of the
+Devil--Descent of Faustus into
+Hell
+ CHAPTER I.
+
+
+Faustus, having long struggled with the shadows of Theology, the bubbles
+of Metaphysics, and the _ignes-fatui_ of Morality, without being able to
+bring his mind to a firm conviction, at length cast himself into the dark
+fields of Magic, in the hope of forcing from Nature what she had so
+obstinately withheld from him.  His first attainment was the remarkable
+invention of Printing; but his second was horrible.  He discovered,
+almost fortuitously, the dreadful formula by which devils are called out
+of hell, and made subservient to the will of man.  But as yet he had not
+exerted his power, out of love to his immortal soul, for whose welfare
+every Christian is so anxious.  At this period he was in the full bloom
+of manhood.  Nature had favoured him in his person, and had given him a
+noble and expressive countenance.  Here was enough to bespeak his
+happiness in the world; but she superadded pride and untamable
+impetuosity of mind, which displayed itself in deep determination of
+purpose, and in the constant workings of a heated imagination, which was
+never satisfied with the present, but affected to discover the emptiness
+and insufficiency of the acquired object, even in the zest of its
+enjoyment.
+
+Faustus soon lost the path by which moderation leads frail mortals to the
+abode of true happiness.  He soon felt the narrow limits of humanity, and
+endeavoured to burst their bonds.  By what he had learnt and believed in
+his youth, he entertained a high opinion of the capacity and moral worth
+of man; and, in comparing himself with others, he naturally laid the
+greatest part of the sum-total to his own account.  Here were fine
+materials for greatness and glory: but true greatness and true glory
+generally fly from him who is on the point of attaining them, just before
+he can separate their fine pure forms from the mist and vapour which
+delusion has shed round them.  It appeared to Faustus that, in his
+situation, the nearest and most convenient way to honour and reputation
+would be the sciences; yet scarcely had he tasted their enchantment when
+his soul became inflamed with an ardent passion after truth.  Every one
+who is acquainted with these sirens, and has heard their deceitful song,
+must know that, provided he does not make a mere trade of them, he must
+infallibly miss his aim, from the necessity of assuaging the burning
+thirst with which they inspire him.  Faustus, after he had for a long
+time groped about in the labyrinth, found that his earnings were doubt;
+displeasure at the short-sightedness of man; and discontent and murmuring
+against the Being who had formed him.  He might still have been
+comparatively happy had he had only these feelings to combat: but when
+the perusal of the sages and the poets awakened a thousand new wants in
+his soul, and his now winged and artificial imagination conjured up
+before his eyes the many intoxicating enjoyments which gold and
+reputation could only procure him, his blood ran like fire through his
+veins, and all his faculties were soon swallowed up by this sensation.
+
+By the discovery of Printing, Faustus thought he had at length opened the
+door to riches, honour, and enjoyment.  He exerted himself to the utmost,
+in order to bring the art to perfection, and he now laid his discovery
+before mankind; but their lukewarmness quickly convinced him that,
+although the greatest inventor of his age, he and his family would soon
+perish with hunger unless his genius continually displayed itself in some
+new forms.  Hurled from the pinnacle of hope, oppressed by heavy
+debts,--which he had incurred by generosity and extravagant living, and
+by his becoming security for false friends,--he now surveyed the world
+through a gloomy medium.  His domestic ties, when he no longer knew how
+to support his family, became an intolerable burden.  He began to think
+that there was a malign influence in the distribution of men's fortunes:
+or how did it happen that the noble and intellectual man was every where
+oppressed, neglected, and in misery; whilst the knave and the fool were
+rich, prosperous, and honoured in life?
+
+In this melancholy state of mind Faustus wandered from Mayence to
+Frankfort, intending to sell one of his printed Latin Bibles to the
+magistracy, and then to return and buy with the produce food for his
+hungry children.  He had been able to accomplish nothing in his native
+city, because at that time the Archbishop was at war with the whole
+Chapter, and all Mayence found itself in the greatest confusion.  The
+cause was as follows: a Dominican monk had dreamt that he passed the
+night with his penitent, the lovely Clara, who was a white nun, and a
+niece of the Archbishop.  In the morning it was his turn to read mass; he
+did so, and, unabsolved from the night of sin, received the host in his
+profane hands.  At eve-tide, after a cup or two of Rhenish, he related
+his dream to a young novice.  The dream tickled the imagination of the
+novice: he told it with some additions to a monk; and in this manner the
+story, embellished with horrors and licentiousness, ran through the
+convent, until it came to the ears of the Prior himself.  This holy man,
+who hated Father Gebhardt on account of his intimacy with the most
+respectable houses, was shocked at the scandalousness of the affair,
+which he considered as a profanation of the holy sacrament; and, refusing
+to decide on such a weighty matter, he referred it to the Archbishop.
+The Archbishop, wisely concluding that whatever sinful man wishes or
+thinks by day he dreams of by night, denounced the ban of the Church
+against the monk.  The Chapter, whose hatred to an Archbishop always
+increases the longer he lives, and gladly seizes every opportunity to
+annoy him, took Father Gerhardt under its protection, and opposed the ban
+on these grounds: "It is well known that the Devil tempted St. Anthony
+with the most licentious representations and voluptuous enticements; and
+if the Devil dared to act so with a saint, whose equal was not to be
+found in the calendar, what should prevent him from playing off his
+pranks with a Dominican?  We must therefore advise the monk to follow the
+example of the holy Anthony, and, like him, to oppose the temptations of
+the fiend with the weapons of prayer and fasting.  It is, however, much
+to be lamented, that Satan should have so little respect for the
+Archbishop as to make the instrument of his wiles assume the figure of
+one of his reverence's family."  The Chapter conducted itself in this
+case exactly in the same manner as hereditary princes do whose fathers
+live too long.  But what served more completely to confuse the case was a
+report from the nunnery.  The nuns had assembled in the refectory, and
+were busied in dressing up a Madonna for the next festival, hoping to
+surpass by its magnificence their rivals the black nuns, when suddenly
+the old porteress entered, told the licentious story, and added, that the
+Dominican, whose name she had forgot, would certainly be burnt alive, for
+that the Chapter had even then assembled for the purpose of trying him.
+Whilst the porteress was relating the tale with its various
+circumstances, the faces of the young nuns were violently flushed, and
+Sin, who never loses an opportunity of corrupting innocent hearts, shot
+into their blood, and hastily pictured the dangerous scene to their
+imaginations.  Fury and consternation, in the mean time, deformed the
+features of the old ones.  The abbess trembled and leaned on her staff,
+while the spectacles fell from her face.  But when the porteress added,
+that it was the sister Clara whom the fiend had brought to the Dominican
+in his dream, a dreadful shriek filled the whole hall.  Clara alone
+remained tranquil, and when the uproar had ceased, she said, smiling:
+"Dear sisters, why do you shriek so fearfully?  I myself dreamt that I
+passed the night with Father Gebhardt, my confessor; and if it was the
+work of the fiend" (here she and all the rest made the sign of the
+cross), "why, we must give him the discipline."  "The Father Gebhardt!"
+cried the porteress; "now, all ye saints and angels, that is the very
+person who dreamt of you; that is he whom they are about to burn."  The
+porteress having thus expressed herself, this second version of the dream
+was immediately circulated through the city.  The Madonna was allowed to
+remain naked, for the sisters cared now very little if the black nuns
+bore away the palm.  The abbess did all in her power to spread the news
+abroad, the housekeeper followed her example, the porteress harangued an
+audience beneath the gateway, and Clara candidly replied to the yet more
+candid questions of her companions.  The last trumpet could not have
+diffused in Mayence more terror and confusion than did this extraordinary
+tale.
+
+No sooner did the Dominican prior hear of this accident than he ran to
+the assembled Chapter, and gave, by his information, a new turn to the
+affair.  The Archbishop would willingly have suppressed the whole
+business; but it was now time for the Chapter to take it up, and all the
+canons were unanimously of opinion, that so strange a circumstance ought
+to be communicated to the Holy Father at Rome.  They now became
+infuriated, and nothing but the midday bell had power to separate them.
+From that moment, all Mayence, clergy and laity, divided into two
+parties; and for many years nothing was heard, spoken, or dreamt of, but
+the Devil, the white nun, and Father Gebhardt.  The matter was argued
+from the pulpit of every sect: mountebanks, Capuchins, and dog-doctors,
+made it their theme; while the lawyers, after having taken the
+depositions of the nun and the father, and confronted them with each
+other, wrote folio volumes concerning the sinful and unsinful chances of
+the dream.  Was this a time for Faustus and his discoveries to succeed?
+
+In Frankfort, which is at the present day the asylum of science, Faustus,
+however, hoped for better fortune.  He offered his Bible to the reverend
+Town Council for two hundred gold guilders; but, as a large sum had just
+been expended in purchasing five hogsheads of prime Rhenish for the
+council cellar, his demand came rather unseasonably.  He paid his court
+to the town-clerk, to the speaker, and to the senators,--from the proud
+patrician to the yet prouder head of the shoemaker guild.  He was
+promised by all favour, protection, and assistance.
+
+At length he attached himself to the then presiding mayor, from whom he
+for a long time gained nothing; but, as if in recompense, the
+lady-mayoress kindled a violent passion in his susceptible heart.  One
+evening the mayor assured him that the council, on their next day of
+meeting, would come to a determination, by virtue of which the assembled
+members would most probably pay down the sum for the Bible.  Faustus
+replied, that his children might very possibly die of hunger before so
+enlightened an assembly had decided; and, maddened with despair, he now
+returned to his solitary apartment.  In this moment he suddenly
+recollected his magic formula.  The thought of running some bold risk,
+and of purchasing independence of man by an alliance with the Devil,
+rushed more vividly than ever through his brain.  Yet the idea terrified
+him.  With hasty steps, furious gestures, and fearful cries, he strode up
+and down the chamber, struggling with his rebellious spirit, which urged
+him to penetrate the surrounding darkness; still his soul shuddered and
+was unresolved.  The clock struck eleven from the neighbouring tower.
+Black night hung about the earth.  The north-wind howled, and clouds
+obscured the face of the full moon.  Nature now appeared in a second
+chaos.  A night more suited to bewilder an excited imagination could not
+be conceived.  Yet was the beam of his mind balanced.  In one scale hung
+religion and its firm supporter--the hope of immortality; while thirst
+for independence and knowledge, pride, pleasure, malevolence, and
+bitterness filled the other.
+
+At length Faustus, according to the custom of magic, drew the horrible
+circle which was for ever to remove him from the providential care of the
+Omnipotent, and from the sweet ties of humanity.  His eyes sparkled, his
+heart beat louder, and his yellow tresses stood erect on his head.  At
+this moment he thought he saw his aged father and his blooming wife and
+children wring their hands in despair, and fall down upon their knees to
+pray for him to that Being whom he was about to renounce.  "It is their
+misery, it is their situation, that maddens me," he wildly shrieked, and
+stamped on the ground with his foot.  He now became enraged at the
+weakness of his heart, and advanced towards the circle; the storm rattled
+against the windows, the foundation of the house trembled: a noble
+angelic figure appeared before him, exclaiming, "Stay, Faustus!" and the
+following colloquy ensued:
+
+_Faustus_.  Who art thou, that disturbest my daring work?
+
+_Figure_.  I am the Genius of Man, and will save thee, if thou art to be
+saved.
+
+_Faustus_.  What canst thou give me to assuage my thirst for knowledge,
+and my desire for freedom and enjoyment?
+
+_Figure_.  Humility, resignation in suffering, content, and a proper
+estimation of thyself; above all, an easy death, and light in the world
+to come.
+
+_Faustus_.  Begone, vision of my heated fancy!  I know thee by the
+cunning with which thou wouldst deceive the wretches whom thou hast made
+subservient to power.  Begone, and hover around the brows of the beggar,
+of the monk, of the debased slave, and of all those who have their hearts
+fettered by unnatural bonds; and who keep their senses locked up, in
+order to escape from the claws of despair.  The powers of my soul require
+room, and let Him who has given me it answer for its workings.
+
+"Farewell, unhappy man," sighed the Genius, and disappeared.
+
+Faustus cried, "Am I to be frightened on the very brink of hell by
+nursery-tales?  But they shall not prevent me from piercing the darkness;
+I will know what the gloomy curtain conceals, which a tyrannical hand has
+drawn before our eyes.  And who is to blame, I repeat?  Was it I that
+formed myself so that trifling exertion exhausts my strength?  Did I
+plant in my bosom the seeds of passion?  Did I place there that impulse
+for aggrandisement which never lets me rest?  Did I fashion my soul, so
+that it will not submit, and will not bear contempt?  Perhaps I am like
+the earthen pot, which, formed by a strange hand, is broken into pieces,
+because it does not hit the fancy of the maker, and because it does not
+answer the use for which it appears to have been designed.  Alas! I am a
+mere vessel; yet wherefore then this struggle with my destiny, which
+would fetter my noblest resolves?  And was mind given for no purpose?
+Surely not!  The bull trusts in his horns, and the stag in his swiftness
+to escape from the hunter; and is that which so eminently distinguishes
+man less his own?  Mind I possess; I employed it for the benefit of my
+fellow-men, and neglect was my reward; perhaps the devils will respect it
+more."
+
+Here he sprung furiously into the circle; while the lamentations of his
+wife, father, and children seemed to echo, in the deep tones of despair,
+"Lost! for ever lost!"
+
+Satan, ruler of hell, had, by the hoarse sound of his trumpets, which
+echoed even to the glowing sides of the sun, announced to all the fallen
+spirits dispersed through the upper and lower world, that he intended on
+this day to give a great festival.  The spirits assembled at the mighty
+call.  Even his envoys at the papal stool, and at the different courts of
+Europe, forsook their posts; for the invitation led them to expect
+something great and important.
+
+Already the monstrous vaults of hell resounded with the wild cries of the
+fiendish populace, while myriads seated themselves upon the scorched
+ground.  The princes then stepped forth, and commanded silence to the
+multitude, whilst Satan heard the intelligence brought by his envoys from
+the upper world.  The devils obeyed, and a death-like stillness prevailed
+amid the thick, misty darkness, interrupted only by the groans of the
+damned.  In the mean time the slaves of the fiends--shades who are
+neither worthy of happiness nor damnation--prepared the immeasurable
+tables for the banquet; and they deserved to be under the thraldom of
+such a task.  When they were yet in flesh and blood, and ate the fruits
+of the earth, they were of that equivocal kind, who seem the friends of
+all men and yet are the friends of none; whose tongues continually
+prattle of the noble precepts of virtue, which they feel not in their
+hearts; who only abstain from evil because it is accompanied by danger,
+and from doing good because it requires courage and self-denial; who
+traffic with religion, and, like avaricious Jews, lay out their capital
+at interest, for the purpose of securing a comfortable berth for their
+miserable souls; and who worship God from fear, and tremble before Him
+like slaves.
+
+The devils, who, to say the truth, are no better masters than the Polish,
+Livonian, and Hungarian nobility, drove them about in hell at a furious
+rate.  Others were sweating in the infernal kitchen, and cooking the meal
+for their haughty lords--an unpleasant service for a soul which had once
+supported its own human body by eating and drinking.  For although the
+devils originally neither ate nor drank, yet they had learnt from men the
+custom of celebrating every solemnity by means of the glass and platter;
+and on such occasions they feast on souls.  The general of each legion
+(for hell is arranged on a military footing, and in this respect
+resembles every despotic government, or rather every despotic government
+in this respect resembles hell) chooses a certain number of damned souls,
+as food for his subalterns.  These are delivered over to the slaves, who
+stew, broil, and baste them with infernal sauce.  It frequently happens
+that these wretches have to stick their own wives, daughters, fathers,
+sons, or brothers upon the spits, and to keep up the purgatorial fire
+beneath them; a truly horrible and tragic employment, rendered yet more
+so, since their overseer, a capricious devil, like all understrappers of
+great lords, stands behind them with a whip in order to expedite the
+work.  On the present occasion two popes, a conqueror, a celebrated
+philosopher, and a recently canonised saint, were intended to feast the
+palates of Satan, his viziers, and his favourites.  Abundance of fresh
+victuals had just arrived for the common people.  The pope had a little
+time before set by the ears two armies of French, Italians, Spaniards,
+and Germans, in order to fish up in the tumult certain districts, to add
+to the patrimony of St. Peter.  They fought like heroes, and fell by
+thousands into the infernal regions.  What happiness would it be for the
+souls intended for these devilish repasts, if they were thereby to find
+an end to their torments!  But no sooner are they swallowed, digested,
+and returned piecemeal into the pools of hell than they are regenerated,
+and arise to become the patients of new suffering.
+
+While these victims were writhing on the spits, the cellarers and
+butlers, slaves of the above-mentioned order, decked out the sideboards.
+The flasks were filled with tears of hypocrites, of would-be saints, of
+pretenders to sensibility, and of persons who repent from weakness of
+soul; with tears which envy squeezes out on hearing of another's
+prosperity; with tears of egotists who weep for joy because they
+themselves have escaped the misfortunes by which others are overwhelmed;
+and of sons who weep over the palls of their harsh and avaricious
+fathers.  The flasks on the supper-table were filled with the tears of
+priests, who, like actors, play a part in the pulpit, in order to move
+their auditors; and to give the liquor a sharper flavour, it was mingled
+with tears of courtesans, who walk the streets weeping for hunger, until
+some inexperienced youth barters his dollar with them for sin.  Reserved
+for Satan and his princes stood, on various sideboards, flasks of the
+noblest drink.  This was heady and foaming, being a mixture of the tears
+of monarchs, who weep for the misery of their subjects, whilst they issue
+commands only calculated to perpetuate it; of the tears of maidens who
+weep for the loss of their chastity with streaming eyes; and of the tears
+of favourites who have fallen into disgrace, and now weep because they
+can no longer rob and oppress under the protection of their masters.
+
+No sooner had the slaves decked the table, and stationed themselves
+behind the chairs of their masters, than the grandees poured forth from
+the chambers of Satan.  The furies went foremost; the body-guards
+followed them, and were succeeded by the chamberlains.  Then came pages
+bearing lighted torches, woven out of the souls of monks who entrap
+wives, and press round the deathbed of husbands to force them to leave
+their property to the Church, without reflecting that their own
+illegitimate spawn must beg for bread through the land.  Then came Satan
+himself, closely followed by the remaining nobility of his court,
+according to their rank and favour.  The devils bowed their heads in
+reverence, the pages placed the torches upon the table of their
+sovereign; while Satan, with a triumphant air, mounted his high throne,
+and delivered the following speech:
+
+"Princes, potentates, immortal spirits, welcome! thrice welcome!
+Rapturous emotions glow through me when I cast my eyes along your
+squadrons of countless heroes.  We are yet what we were when, for the
+first time, we awoke in this pool from the stunning consequences of our
+fall, and for the first time assembled here.  Only one feeling still
+rules,--unanimity alone maintains her sway, and in this place only do all
+devote themselves to the same end.  He who has the happiness of
+commanding you may easily forget all other glory.  I own we have
+suffered, and still suffer, much, especially since the full exercise of
+our powers is restrained.  But in the feeling of the vengeance which we
+take on the sons of dust,--in the contemplation of their madness and
+crimes, by which they continually thwart the purposes of their
+being,--lies a recompense for our suffering.  Welcome, thrice welcome,
+all ye whom this sentiment inflames.
+
+"Hear now the occasion of the festival which I intend this day to
+celebrate with you.  Faustus, a daring mortal, who, like us, is at war
+with the Eternal, and who, through the strength of his spirit, may at
+some future period be deemed worthy to dwell along with us here, has
+discovered the art of multiplying, on an easy principle, a thousand and a
+thousandfold, those things denominated books,--those dangerous toys of
+men,--those vehicles of delusion, of error, of lies, and of
+horror,--those sources of pride and of painful doubt.  Until now they
+have been too costly, and only in the hands of the rich, whom they filled
+with fancies, and from whom they chased that humility which God had for
+their happiness infused into their hearts.  Triumph!  Soon will the
+poison of knowledge and inquiry be communicated to all classes.  New
+cravings, new wants, will arise; and I doubt whether my enormous kingdom
+will be able to contain all those who will destroy themselves by this
+delicious poison.  But this were only a slight victory: my eye pierces
+deeper into that distant period, which is to us no more than an hour is
+to man.  Soon will cavillers and haters of the established Church spread
+about like the plague: pretended reformers of heaven and earth will
+arise, and their doctrines, from the facility of communication, will
+penetrate even into the hut of the beggar.  They will think to do good,
+and to purify the object of their hope from falsehood.  But, if men begin
+well, how long do they continue to act so!  Sin is not more inseparable
+from them than are ill consequences from their noblest pursuits.  The
+well-beloved people of God, whom he endeavoured to snatch from evil by
+the sacrifice of his only Son, will quarrel about tenets which no one
+understands, and will tear each other to pieces like wild-beasts.
+Horrible atrocities, surpassing all the abominations perpetrated by men
+since they first sprung into existence, will desolate unhappy Europe.  My
+hopes appear to you too bold,--I read it in your doubting countenances;
+but listen to me whilst I explain.  Religious disagreements will give
+rise to these frenzies.  Then first will Fanaticism, the wild son of
+Hatred and Superstition, untie all the bonds of nature and humanity.  The
+father will murder the son, and the son the father; kings will joyfully
+dip their fingers in the blood of their subjects, and place the sword in
+the hands of bigots, in order that they may slaughter their brothers by
+thousands, because their opinions are different.  Then will the water of
+the rivers turn into streams of blood, and the shrieks of the murdered
+will shake hell to its very centre.  We shall see wretches come down to
+us stained with crimes for which we have had hitherto neither names nor
+punishments.  Already do I see them attack the papal chair, which keeps
+together the fragile fabric through treachery and deceit, whilst it
+undermines itself through crime and luxury.  The great props of the
+religion which we dread give way; and, if the sinking structure be not
+sustained by means of new miracles, it will disappear from the face of
+the earth, and we shall once more shine in the temples as worshiped
+divinities.  Where will the spirit of man stop, when he has once
+undertaken to illumine that which he formerly honoured as a mystery?  He
+will dance on the grave of the tyrant, at whose frown he the day before
+trembled.  He will break to pieces the altar on which he lately
+sacrificed, if he once endeavour to find the way to heaven by his own
+wisdom.  Will the Creator take home to himself a human being, who is not
+a million times more allied to us than to him?  Man abuses every thing,
+even the strength of his soul as well as of his body.  He abuses all that
+he sees, hears, feels, or thinks; and all with which he trifles, or with
+which he is seriously engaged.  Not content with deforming whatever he
+can seize with his hands, he soars upon the wings of imagination into
+worlds to him unknown, and arrays them in ideal deformity.  Even freedom,
+the noblest of his treasures, to obtain which he has shed rivers of
+blood, he readily sells for gold and pleasure, before he has tasted its
+sweets.  Incapable of good, he yet trembles at evil, he heaps horror upon
+horror to escape it, and then destroys his own handiwork.
+
+"After the bloodshed of war, mankind, wearied with slaughter, will take a
+few moments' repose, and then their venomous hatred will be displayed in
+petty and private bickerings.  Some, indeed, will every now and then
+raise piles of wood and fagot, and burn those alive who disagree with
+them in religion; others will attempt the solution of inexplicable
+riddles; and those born for darkness will dare to struggle for light;
+their imaginations will become inflamed, and their desires insatiable.
+Truth, simplicity, and religion will be trodden under foot, for the sake
+of writing a book.  Yes, yes, book-writing will become a universal
+employment, by which fools and men of genius will alike seek fame and
+emolument; caring very little whether they confuse the heads of their
+fellow-creatures, and hurl firebrands into the hearts of the innocent.
+The heaven, the earth, the secret strength of nature, the dark causes of
+her phenomena, the power which rules the stars and bowls the comets
+through space,--every thing visible and invisible,--they will wish to
+handle, measure, and dive into.  They will invent, for all that is
+incomprehensible, words and numbers; and heap system upon system, till
+they have brought deeper darkness upon the earth, through which doubt,
+like the fen-fire, will only shine to allure the wanderer into the
+morass.  Only then will they think to see clearly, and then I expect
+them.  After they have shovelled away religion, and are forced, out of
+the remains, to patch together a new and monstrous mixture of human
+wisdom and superstition, then I expect them.  And then open wide the
+gates of hell, that the race of man may enter.  The first step is already
+taken; the second is near.  But this must be preceded by a horrible
+revolution upon the face of the earth.  Soon will the inhabitants of the
+old world emigrate, for the purpose of discovering new, and to them
+unknown, regions of the globe.  They will there attack and slaughter
+millions, to possess themselves of that gold which the innocents value
+not.  They will fill this new world with all their crimes, and then
+return with materials for corrupting even the old one.  Thus will nations
+become our prey, whom till now innocence and ignorance have protected
+from us.  And thus shall we, by the assistance of the favourites of
+heaven, triumph.
+
+"This, then, O potentates! is what I wished to communicate to you; and
+now rejoice with me over this mighty day, and enjoy in anticipation the
+victory which I, who know men, promise you.  Long live Faustus!"
+
+With horrible uproar, which made the axis of the earth tremble, and the
+bones of the dead rattle in their coffins, the devils shouted, "Long live
+Faustus!"  "Long live the corrupter of the sons of dust!"  Hereupon the
+chief nobility of the kingdom were permitted to kiss the hand of his
+Satanic majesty.
+
+The triumphant devils now sat down to table, and fell upon the prepared
+meal.  The goblets clattered, the souls were craunched between their iron
+teeth; and they drank the health of Satan, of Faustus, of the clergy, of
+the tyrants of the earth, and of future and living authors, amidst the
+clang of hellish artillery.  In order to render the banquet more
+magnificent, the masters of the revels went to the pools, drew out the
+burning souls, and chased them over the tables, to illumine the gloomy
+scene; while they ran behind the wretches with poisoned whips, forcing
+them to caper; and sparks ascended to the blackened roofs, crackling like
+wheat-sheaves ignited by lightning in an autumn storm.  That the devils
+might have music to their meat, others hastened to the pools, and poured
+molten metal amid the flames, so that the damned howled and cursed in
+grisly despair.  If priests now could, instead of their cold and
+fruitless sermons about penitence, give a specimen upon earth of these
+horrid cries, sinners would quickly turn a deaf ear to the voluptuous
+warblings of castrati, and join in some pious psalm: but, alas, hell is
+distant, and pleasure close at hand.  After the banquet a great stage was
+erected, and various plays were performed, founded on the heroic deeds of
+Satan; for example, the Fall of Man, the Betrayal of Judas Iscariot, &c.
+
+The performance was then suddenly changed to an allegorical ballet.  The
+scene was a wild and dreary spot.  In a dark cavern sat Metaphysics, in
+the shape of an Egyptian mummy, whose eyes were fixed upon five
+glittering words, which flitted continually backwards and forwards, and
+at each change had a different import.  The mummy ceased not to follow
+them with its stony eyes; while in a corner stood a little roguish devil,
+who incessantly blew bubbles of air into its face.  Pride, the amanuensis
+of Metaphysics, gathered the bubbles up as they fell, pressed the air
+out, and kneaded them into hypotheses.  The mummy was clothed in an
+Egyptian waistcoat, embroidered with mystic characters.  Over this it
+wore a Grecian mantle, which ought to have concealed the characters, but
+was much too short and too narrow for that purpose.  Its legs, thighs,
+and body, were cased in long loose drawers, which did not, however,
+entirely conceal its nakedness.  A huge doctorial hat covered its bald
+head, which was marked with the scratches worn by its long nails in
+provoking deep reflection.  Its shoes were made after the European
+fashion, and sprinkled with the finest dust of the schools and
+universities.  After it had gazed a considerable time on the moving
+words, without being able to understand them, its attendant, Pride, gave
+the wink to Delusion, who was walking near.  He seized a wooden trumpet,
+and sounded a dance.  No sooner did the mummy hear the noise than it took
+Pride by the hand, and danced about with antic gambols; but its thin
+withered legs could not bear this long, and it soon sunk breathless into
+its former posture.
+
+Then came forward Morality, a fine female form, hooded in a veil, which,
+chameleon-like, sported all colours.  She held Virtue and Vice by the
+hands, and danced a trio with them.  For music, a naked savage played
+upon an oaten pipe, a European philosopher scraped the fiddle, while an
+Asiatic beat the drum; and although these contradictory tones would have
+distracted an harmonious ear, yet the dancers did not once lose the
+step,--so well had they learnt their parts.  When the maiden gave Vice
+her hand, she coquetted and languished significantly before him; but when
+she gave it to Virtue, she moved along with the modest gait of a matron.
+After the dance, she reposed upon a thin, transparent, and
+beautifully-painted cloud, which her admirers had woven out of various
+shreds and remnants.
+
+Next appeared nude Poetry: she danced with Sensuality a characteristic
+dance, to which Imagination played the flute d'amour.
+
+History then advanced upon the stage.  Before her went Fame, with a long
+brazen trumpet.  She herself was hung round with stories of murders,
+poisonings, perjuries, conspiracies, and other horrors.  Behind her
+panted, beneath a prodigious load of chronicles, diplomas, and documents,
+a strong nervous man, clothed in the German fashion.  She danced with
+Slavery, to the rustling of the stories with which she was hung.
+Falsehood at length took the trumpet from the mouth of Fame, and tuned it
+to the dance; and Flattery led the figures.
+
+Then appeared Medicine and Quackery, and were received with loud
+laughter: they danced a minuet, to which Death clinked the music with a
+purse of gold.
+
+After them were seen Astrology, Cabala, Theosophy, and Mysticism.  They
+grasped each other by the hands, and whirled around in intricate figures;
+while Superstition, Delusion, and Fraud stood near, and blew the
+bagpipes.
+
+These were followed by Jurisprudence, a sleek, rosy-faced dame, fed with
+fees, and hung about with commentaries--she coughed through a tedious
+solo; and Chicanery played the bass-viol.
+
+Last of all entered Policy, in a triumphant car drawn by two mares,
+Weakness and Deceit.  On her right sat Theology, holding in one hand a
+sharp-pointed dagger, and in the other a blazing torch.  Policy herself
+wore a golden crown upon her head, and supported a sceptre over her right
+shoulder.  She descended from the car, and danced with Theology a
+pas-de-deux, to which Cunning, Ambition, and Tyranny played on soft
+tinkling instruments.  After she had finished the pas-de-deux, she made
+all the other figures a sign to begin a general dance.  They immediately
+obeyed, and sprang about in wild confusion.  All the before-mentioned
+musicians played on their instruments, and raised a din, only surpassed
+in loudness by the table-music of Satan.  Yet Contention soon insinuated
+herself among the unsuspicious dancers; and, animated by Zeal and Fury,
+they hastily snatched up weapons.  When Theology perceived that all
+embraced delightful Poetry, and that Morality wished to tear off her own
+veil, in order to cover her with it, she gave the latter a thrust with a
+poniard from behind, and singed the nude and tender Poetry with her
+flaming torch.  Both raised a dreadful shriek: Policy commanded silence,
+and Quackery hastened to bind up the wound of Morality, whilst Medicine
+cut a shred from her robe in payment.  Death stretched out his claw from
+under the mantle of thievish Medicine to seize Morality, but Policy gave
+him such a blow that he yelled aloud, and grinned most hideously.  Poetry
+was allowed to hop about, because she was naked, and had nothing to be
+despoiled of.  At length History took pity on her, and laid upon the burn
+a wet leaf from a sentimental romance.  Policy then tied them all behind
+her chariot, and drove away in triumph.
+
+All hell expressed approbation of this last spectacle by reiterated
+clappings; and Satan embraced the devil Leviathan for having got up the
+entertainment, which flattered him exceedingly, it being one of his chief
+whims to be reckoned by the fiends as the inventor of the sciences.  He
+often said, in his pride, that he had begotten them in his intercourse
+with the daughters of earth, in order to divert men from the
+straightforward and noble feelings of their hearts; to remove from their
+eyes the mystic veil which constitutes their happiness; to make them
+acquainted with their state of restriction and weakness; and to fill them
+with painful doubt concerning their after destination.  "I taught them,"
+he would continue, "by their means, to reason, so that they might forget
+to practise virtue, and to worship.  We ourselves have defied Heaven with
+bold and open weapons, and I have at least shown them the way of
+skirmishing incessantly with the Eternal."
+
+The sensible reader will here pause, and admire the strict resemblance of
+all courts to each other: that is, how the great, through the service,
+toil, and sweat of the little, win the favour of their sovereigns, and
+bear away the rewards.  Leviathan gave himself out as the inventor of
+this allegorical ballet, and was on that account thanked and caressed,
+although the real author of it was the Bavarian Poet Laureate, who a
+short time before had died of hunger, and found his way to hell.  He
+prepared the ballet after the latest court-fashion, by the command of
+Prince Leviathan, who had at least talent enough to discover merit: the
+reason of his bitter allusions to the sciences was, probably, because
+they had so ill supported him; and perhaps Leviathan, who knew perfectly
+well what would please Satan, had given him a hint to that effect.  Be
+this as it may, the devil had the reward, and the thin shade of the
+Bavarian Laureate sat cowering behind a rock of the theatre, and observed
+with bitterest agony the marks of unmerited favour which Satan had
+lavished on Leviathan.
+
+The half-intoxicated devils now became so clamorous as nearly to drown
+the howls of the damned; when suddenly the powerful voice of Faustus
+echoed from the upper world through hell.  He had at length surmounted
+every obstacle, and now summoned before him one of the first princes of
+the kingdom of darkness.
+
+Satan started up in ecstasy: "It is Faustus who calls there.  No one else
+has the power; and no one else, if he had such power, would dare to knock
+so loudly against the iron portals.  Up! up! a man like him is worth a
+thousand of the scoundrels who come down hither every day by rote."
+Then, turning to the devil Leviathan, his favourite, he added, "I choose
+thee, the subtlest seducer, the deadliest hater of the human race, to
+ascend and purchase for me, by thy dangerous services, the soul of this
+desperado.  Only thou canst chain, satiate, and then, drive to despair,
+his craving heart and his proud and restless spirit.  Quick, quick!
+ascend! dispel the vapours of school-wisdom from his brain.  Consume with
+the fire of voluptuousness the noble feelings of his heart.  Disclose to
+him the treasures of nature, and hurry him into life, that he may the
+sooner grow tired of it.  Let him see evil arise from good, vice
+rewarded, justice and innocence trodden under foot, as is the custom of
+men.  Conduct him through the wild and terrible scenes of human life; let
+him mistake its aim, and lose among its horrors the guiding thread of
+virtue.  And when he stands separated from all natural and heavenly ties,
+in doubt concerning the noble destination of his race,--when even
+pleasure and enjoyment have left him, and the inward worm awakes,--then
+depict to him, with infernal bitterness, the consequences of his deeds
+and delusions, and unfold to him all their links, extending to remotest
+generations.  If despair should then seize him, hurl him down, and return
+in triumph to hell."
+
+_Leviathan_.  Wherefore, O Satan, dost thou impose this work upon me?
+Thou knowest that I have long ago had enough of men, and of their
+playground,--the world.  What is to be made out of wretches who, as thou
+hast observed, have strength neither for good nor evil?  Gold, ambition,
+or pleasure, can quickly make rascals of them, who have for a short
+period pursued the phantom virtue; and if any one should move boldly at
+first along the path of vice, he will be driven back when half-way by the
+spectres of his crazy imagination.  If, indeed, it were a proud
+hot-headed Spaniard, a revengeful assassinating Italian, or even a wild
+lascivious Frenchman, whom you wanted me to catch--but a German, one of
+those thick-pated swine, who slavishly bend before rank, riches, and all
+the artificial distinctions of men, who believe that their lords and
+princes are made of superior materials to themselves, and have a right to
+dispose of them just as they please, either in fighting their own
+battles, or those of other sovereigns!  Hast thou heard from them for
+centuries a single word of rebellion against tyranny, or of shedding
+blood for the rights of man?  Not one of them has, as yet, come down to
+hell in glory; a proof that these people have no distinguished heads
+among them.  Those are to my mind who wish to clear up every thing, who
+fight with the adamantine shield of individuality, against which all
+prejudices, earthly or heavenly, are shivered.  Show me such a man who is
+willing to become great on earth at the expense of his soul, and I will
+immediately ascend.
+
+_Satan_.  Shall devils, O Leviathan, be blinded by prejudice, like the
+sons of dust?  I tell thee, the man after our own heart is born under
+that district of heaven.  He is one of those who, endued by nature with
+hot and furious passions, rebel against all the old-established customs
+of society.  When such a spirit tears its way through these cobwebs, it
+resembles a flame, which, by its own fury, speedily consumes the
+materials which feed its lustre.  He is one of those visionary
+philosophers who strive to seize, through imagination, what is denied to
+cold understanding; and who, if they are unsuccessful, laugh at all
+knowledge, and make pleasure and enjoyment their gods.  Away, away,
+Leviathan! soon shall a fire break out in Germany which will spread
+through all Europe.  Already is the germ of that delusion springing up
+which shall endure for centuries.  What the German has once caught, he
+will not easily let go.
+
+The commanding voice of Faustus now resounded for the second time.  Satan
+continued:
+
+"Thou mayst know by this call that he is no trembler.  Hasten to him,
+for, if thou delayest, perhaps he may doubt the strength of his charms,
+and hell will lose the fruits of his temerity.  Truly, the fellow is such
+a genius, that I can almost overlook his origin."
+
+The devil Leviathan angrily replied: "I swear, by the hot and foul pool
+of the damned, that the rebel shall one day blaspheme, and curse this and
+the hour of his birth."
+
+He went away wrapt in a veil of smoke, and the fiends pursued him with
+loud huzzas.
+
+Faustus stood within the magic circle, while his breast swelled with
+rage.  For the third time he repeated the dreadful formula, in a voice
+that resembled thunder.  The door suddenly flew open; a thick vapour
+hovered around the margin of the circle; he struck into it with his magic
+rod, and cried in triumph, "Unveil thyself, thou thing of darkness!"  The
+vapour dispersed, and Faustus saw a tall figure concealed beneath a red
+mantle.
+
+_Faustus_.  Why this tedious disguise to one who wishes to see thee?
+Discover thyself to him, who fears thee not in whatever shape thou mayst
+appear.
+
+The Devil flung back his mantle, and stood in a daring and majestic
+attitude before the circle.  His fiery eyes sparkled from beneath their
+black brows, between which malice, hatred, fury, agony, and scorn had
+formed themselves in thick folds.  These furrows were sunk in a smooth,
+clear, high-arched forehead, which contrasted strangely with the fiendish
+marks between the eyes.  A finely-formed aquiline nose inclined towards a
+mouth which seemed to have been framed only for the enjoyment of immortal
+things.  He had the mien of a fallen angel, whose countenance was once
+illuminated by the Godhead, but which was now obscured by a gloomy veil.
+
+_Faustus_ (_in surprise_).  Is man, then, every where at home?  Who art
+thou?
+
+_Devil_.  I am a prince of hell, and come because thy mighty call compels
+me.
+
+_Faustus_.  A prince of hell under this mask; under the figure of a man!
+I wished for a fiend, and not one of my own race.
+
+_Devil_.  Perhaps, Faustus, we are most so when we resemble ye; at least,
+no mask suits us better.  Besides, is it not your custom to conceal what
+ye are, and to appear what ye are not?
+
+_Faustus_.  Bitter enough, and yet true as bitter; for, if our outsides
+looked like our insides, we should not be very different from that which
+we imagine you to be; still, I expected to see thee more terrible, and
+even hoped that thy appearance would try the strength of my courage.
+
+_Devil_.  Thus do ye always imagine things contrary to what they are.
+Probably you expected a devil with horns and a cloven foot, as the
+cowardly age has depicted him.  But since you have ceased to worship the
+powers of nature, they have forsaken you, and you can no longer conceive
+any thing great.  If I were to stand before thee such as I really am,--my
+eyes threatening comets, my body a dark, hovering cloud, which shoots
+lightning from its gloom, in my hand the sword which I once brandished
+against the Avenger, and on my arm the ponderous shield which his thunder
+pierced,--thou wouldst become a heap of ashes in thy circle.
+
+_Faustus_.  But then I should at least see something great.
+
+_Devil_.  I might admire your courage; but you are never more ridiculous
+than in these would-be grand bursts of feeling, when you contrast the
+little you can embrace with the monstrous and great which are so high
+above you.  Thus may the worm measure the trampling elephant, and reckon
+his weight in the moment when it dies beneath his powerful foot.
+
+_Faustus_.  Mocker! and what, then, is the spirit within me, which, if it
+once get fairly on the ladder, will mount from step to step into
+infinity?  What are its limits?
+
+_Devil_.  The length of your own nose.  But, if you called me out of hell
+merely for this chit-chat, permit me to return for ever.  I have long
+known your inclination to prate about that which you do not understand.
+
+_Faustus_.  Thy bitterness pleases me; it chimes in with my humour, and I
+should like to be better acquainted with thee.  What is thy name?
+
+_Devil_.  Leviathan; which signifies _all_, for I can do all.
+
+_Faustus_.  Hear the braggart!  Are devils, then, so boastful?
+
+_Devil_.  'Twas said merely to do honour to the shape in which thou seest
+me: but words are vain.  Set me to the proof.  What dost thou require?
+
+_Faustus_.  Require?  What an indefinite word for a devil!  If thou art
+what thou seemest, anticipate desires, and gratify them ere they become
+wishes.
+
+_Devil_.  The noble steed champs the bit in fury when curbed by a timid
+rider: how he then resembles the man who feels wings that could bear him
+into light, yet who is kept down in the dark abyss!  Faustus, thou art
+one of those fiery spirits who are not contented with the scanty meal of
+knowledge which Omniscience has set before them.  Great is thy strength,
+mighty is thy soul, and bold thy will; but the curse of finite reason
+lies upon thee, as it does upon all.  Faustus, thou art as great as man
+can be.
+
+_Faustus_.  Masquerading fiend, return into hell; must thou, too, deceive
+us by flattery?
+
+_Devil_.  Faustus, I am a spirit formed of flaming light; I saw the
+monstrous worlds arise out of nothing: thou art of dust, and of
+yesterday.  Do I flatter thee?
+
+_Faustus_.  And yet must thou serve me if I command.
+
+_Devil_.  For that I expect the approbation of hell, besides a reward;
+neither man nor devil will work for nothing.
+
+_Faustus_.  What reward dost thou expect?
+
+_Devil_.  To have that which animates thee; that which would make thee my
+equal if it had power.
+
+_Faustus_.  I were well off then, truly; yet, adept as thou art, thou
+knowest little of men, if thou doubtest the strength of one who has set
+himself free from the bonds which nature has drawn so tightly round our
+hearts.  How gentle did they appear to me once, when the eye of my youth
+clothed men and the world in the pure colours of morning!  'Tis gone;
+dark is my horizon; I stand on the gloomy verge of eternity, and have
+broken through the laws which keep the human race in harmony.
+
+_Devil_.  What madness is this, Faustus?  Harmony! does _she_ rule the
+confused dance of life?
+
+_Faustus_.  Silence!  I feel it perhaps for the last time; and perhaps
+look back for the last time upon the pleasant, joyous days of youth.  How
+lamentable that man must awake from this dream of bliss; that the plant
+must shoot up, in order to wither away as a tree, or be felled!  Ha,
+demon, smile; I was once happy.  But let that be forgotten which can
+never be recalled.  Yes, we have only strength when we pursue wickedness.
+But wherein am I great?  If I were so, should I want thee?  Go, cunning
+flatterer; thou wilt only make me feel my own littleness.
+
+_Devil_.  He who is capable of feeling where the shoe pinches him, and
+has courage enough to tear away the cause of it, is at least great so
+far.  More I will not say, and woe to thee if I were to stimulate thee
+with words.
+
+_Faustus_.  Observe me now, and tell me what my spirit requires, but what
+I dare not utter.
+
+At these words Faustus pointed to himself, then towards the heavens, and
+moved his magic staff towards the east and the west.  He then continued,
+"Thou wast, when nothing was."  He laid his hand upon his breast and
+forehead: "Here is darkness; let it be dispelled."
+
+_Devil_.  Desperate man! full well I know thy wish, and tremble, devil as
+I am, at thy boldness.
+
+_Faustus_.  Wretched spirit! thou shalt not escape by this subterfuge.
+In my burning thirst I would undertake to drink dry the deep sea, if I
+hoped to find at its bottom what I sought.  I am thine, or another's: I
+yet stand where no devil can penetrate.  Faustus is yet his own master.
+
+_Devil_.  Thou wast so a few minutes since.  But thy lot was cast when
+thou enteredst this circle.  Whoever has looked me in the face turns back
+in vain; and thus I leave thee.
+
+_Faustus_.  Thou shalt speak, and remove the dark covering which conceals
+from me the world of spirits.  I will know the destination of man, and
+the cause of moral evil in the world; I will know wherefore virtue
+suffers, and vice is rewarded; I will know why we must purchase a
+moment's enjoyment by years of agony and sorrow.  Thou shalt disclose to
+me the source of things, and the mysterious causes of the phenomena of
+the physical and moral world.  Thou shalt make Him, who has arranged all,
+comprehensible to me--yes! even if the vivid lightnings, which at this
+moment shoot from thy demon eyes, were to stretch me lifeless in this
+circle of damnation.  Dost thou think that I have summoned thee merely
+for pleasure and gold?  Any dastard may fill his belly, and satiate the
+desires of the flesh.  Thou tremblest!  Have I more courage than thyself?
+What quaking devil has hell vomited out?  And thou callest thyself
+Leviathan, who canst do all!  Away, away! thou art no fiend, but a
+miserable thing like myself.
+
+_Devil_.  Madman! thou hast not yet felt, as I have, the vindictiveness
+of the Avenger, the anticipation of which alone would make thee return to
+dust, even if thou didst bear in thy bosom the united strength of men
+from the first to the last sinner.  Urge me no farther.
+
+_Faustus_.  I will, and am resolved.
+
+_Devil_.  Thou inspirest me with reverence and pity.
+
+_Faustus_.  Obedience is all I require.
+
+_Devil_.  Go to war with him who has lighted up a torch within thee which
+will consume thee, if fear do not extinguish it.
+
+_Faustus_.  I have done so, and in vain.  Obey!
+
+_Devil_.  Insatiable man!  But know that a devil has his bounds too.
+Since our fall, we have lost the idea of these sublime secrets, and
+forget even the language to express them.  The pure spirits of yonder
+world can alone sing and imagine them.
+
+_Faustus_.  Dost thou think by this crafty excuse to cheat me of that
+which I desire?
+
+_Devil_.  Fool!  I would wish for no better revenge upon thee than to be
+able to paint to thy soul, in the glittering colours of Paradise, all
+that thou hast lost, and then see thee writhe in despair.  Knew I more
+than I know, can the tongue formed of flesh make intelligible to the ear
+of flesh what lies beyond the bounds of sense, and the disembodied spirit
+only comprehends?
+
+_Faustus_.  Then be a spirit, and speak!  Shake off this figure.
+
+_Devil_.  Wilt thou then understand me?
+
+_Faustus_.  Shake off this figure, and let me see thee as a spirit.
+
+_Devil_.  Thy words are folly.  Now, then, see me: I shall exist, but not
+for thee; I shall speak, but thou wilt not catch my meaning.
+
+Leviathan then melted into a thin clear flame, and disappeared.
+
+_Faustus_.  Speak, and unfold the enigma.
+
+As the soft west wind moves along the perfumed meadows and gently kisses
+the tender flowers, so did it murmur around the ears of Faustus.  Then
+the murmur changed to a loud continued tumult, which resembled the
+rolling of thunder, or the dash of a breaker against the coral reef, or
+its howl and bellow in the caves of the ocean.  Faustus crept close
+within his circle, and with difficulty supported himself.
+
+_Faustus_.  Ah, if this be the language of spirits, my dream has
+vanished; I am deceived, and must gnash my teeth in darkness.  I have,
+then, exchanged my soul for the gratification of earthly lust! for that
+is all in which this intriguing devil can assist me.  That is all against
+which I risked eternity!  I thought to move among men enlightened as no
+one had ever yet been, and to dazzle them with my glory like the rising
+sun.  The sublime thought of living for ever as the greatest in their
+hearts is gone; and I am more wretched than I was.  Where art thou,
+trickster, that I may vent my fury upon thee?
+
+_Devil_ (_in his former figure_).  Here I am.  I spoke, and thou didst
+not understand the sense of my words.  Dost thou not feel that thou art
+born for darkness?  Thou canst not become that which thou must not.
+Withdraw thy mind from impossibilities, and direct it to what is
+attainable.  Thou wishedst to hear the language of spirits; thou heardst
+it, and wert stunned and deafened by the sound.
+
+_Faustus_.  Provoke but my wrath, and I will bruise thee to tears with my
+magic rod.  I will chain thee to the rim of my circle, and then stamp on
+thy neck.
+
+_Devil_.  Do it, and hell will laugh at thy anger.  For every tear thou
+makest me shed, Despair shall one day wring a drop of blood from thy
+brow, and Revenge shall hold the scales to catch and weigh it.
+
+_Faustus_.  How revolting to a noble creature like myself to hold
+converse with an outcast, who has only sense for wickedness, and will
+only assist in wickedness!
+
+_Devil_.  How disgusting to be forced to listen to a man who reproaches
+the Devil because he is a devil, and does not boast of that shadow,
+Virtue, like one of you!
+
+_Faustus_.  Vain boast.  If thou couldst but taste the moral value of
+man, by which he approaches the immortal, and which makes him worthy of
+immortality!
+
+_Devil_.  I can prove that it does not exist.
+
+_Faustus_.  Yes; I believe thou canst.  And so can any one of us who
+makes the measure of his own wickedness that of all mankind, and who
+makes that virtue contemptible which he has never felt in his breast.  We
+have had philosophers who in this matter have long had the start of the
+Devil.
+
+_Devil_.  Better if thou hadst never read them; thy head would then have
+been more clear, and thy heart more sound.
+
+_Faustus_.  Damnation!  Is the Devil always right?
+
+_Devil_.  I will show you that which those philosophers only talk of.  I
+will blow away from your eyes the clouds which pride, vanity, and
+self-love have collected, and so charmingly coloured.
+
+_Faustus_.  How wilt thou accomplish that?
+
+_Devil_.  By conducting thee through the theatre of the world, and
+showing thee men in their nakedness.  Let us travel by water, by land, on
+foot, on horseback, on the rapid winds, and see the race of man.  Perhaps
+we may discover that for which so many thousand adventurers have broken
+their necks.
+
+_Faustus_.  Agreed.  Let us go through the world; I must intoxicate
+myself by variety and enjoyment; and I have long wished for a broader
+sphere of observation than my own wild heart.  Let us go forth, and I
+will force the Devil to believe in human virtue.  He shall avow to me
+that man is the eye-apple of Him whom I now no more must name.
+
+_Devil_.  Then will I return to hell a convicted liar, and give thee back
+the bond which thou wilt presently sign with thy blood.
+
+_Faustus_.  But if I were to trust a devil, who might palm upon me his
+own fiendish performances for the works of men, how would the scoffer
+laugh?
+
+_Devil_.  Such a monkish notion I should not have expected from one who
+has so long toyed with philosophy; but in this ye are all alike, fools
+and wise men.  If any thing goes wrong, pride and self-love will never
+permit you to lay the blame on yourselves.  Observe now those two words,
+Good and Evil, which you would fain stamp into ideas; for when you have
+words, you always think you have coined the empty sound into a thought.
+You labour with your eyes closed, and when you open them it is but
+natural that the good should be your own work, and the evil that of the
+Devil.  Thus, then, must we poor devils ride about day and night, in
+order to turn to this or that piece of roguery the heart or the
+imagination of this or that scoundrel, who, if it had not been for us,
+would have remained an honest fellow.  Faustus! Faustus! man seeks abroad
+and in the clouds a thousand things which lie in his own bosom, or before
+his face.  No; during our tour I will add to nothing, except thou command
+me.  All that thou seest shall be the work of men; and thou wilt soon
+perceive that they do not require the Devil to incite them.
+
+_Faustus_.  And is this all that thou canst afford me?
+
+_Devil_.  I will lead you from step to step; when we have run through
+this course, another scene will immediately open.  Get first acquainted
+with that which surrounds thee, and then mount upwards.  The treasures of
+the earth are thine; thou mayst command my power: do but dream--do but
+wish.
+
+_Faustus_.  That is something.
+
+_Devil_.  Only something!  Discontented being, thou shalt be able to
+force Leviathan to further the projects which thou callest good and
+noble, and the consequences of them shall be thy earnings, and the reward
+of thy heart.
+
+_Faustus_.  That were more, if the Devil did not say it.
+
+_Devil_.  Who can boast that he has forced the fiend to do good?
+However, let this thought inflate thy bosom.  Faustus, step out of the
+circle!
+
+_Faustus_.  It is not yet time.
+
+_Devil_.  Dost thou fear me?  I repeat, thou shalt spend the moments
+allotted to thee according to thy own pleasure: yes, Faustus, I will fill
+for thee the intoxicating cup of enjoyment, as it has never been filled
+for any other mortal.  Thy nerves shall wear away before thou hast
+emptied it.  Count the sands of the shore, and thence thou mayst guess
+the number of joys that I will strew before thee.
+
+Thereupon he placed a casket of gold near the circle.  The figures of the
+mayoress and a train of lovely maidens then passed by.
+
+_Faustus_.  Ha, devil, who has showed thee the way to my heart?
+
+_Devil_.  Is not my name Leviathan?  I have weighed thee, and thy
+strength.  Dost thou respect these?
+
+(He shook upon the ground, from a sack, a quantity of orders of
+knighthood, bishops' hats, crosses of honour, and diplomas of nobility.)
+
+"No, no; I know Faustus better: knowledge and pleasure are his gods.
+Remain what you are; these things are vain and futile.  Thus, by
+different bribes may ye all be won; and for the sake of lust or
+advancement, ye would work bare your hands and your intellects.  But,
+whilst fools toil for them in the sweat of their brow, and in the
+exhaustion of their mind, do thou enjoy, without care or labour, what I
+shall serve up.  To-morrow, with thy consent, I will conduct thee to the
+mayoress."
+
+_Faustus_.  But how?
+
+_Devil_.  Accept the conditions, and I will tell thee.  Come out of the
+circle; thou lookest still like a drunken man.
+
+_Faustus_.  I would annihilate myself if it were not for one thought!
+
+_Devil_.  Which is--
+
+_Faustus_.  That I shall only thereby sooner fall into thy power.
+
+_Devil_.  How rash and hasty are men!  Learn but to know me, and, if I
+cannot gratify thy wildest earthly desires, return to poverty, to
+contempt, and thy starving philosophy.  Step forth, I say.
+
+_Faustus_.  The fury of a lion inflames me, and, if hell were to yawn
+beneath my foot, I would spring beyond the limits of humanity.
+
+He sprang out of the circle, and cried,
+
+"I am thy lord."
+
+_Devil_.  Yes; as long as thy time runs.  I lead a mighty man by the
+hand, and am proud to be his slave.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+
+On the following morning the devil Leviathan came with all the pomp and
+retinue of a nobleman to the inn where Faustus sojourned.  He alighted
+from his richly caparisoned steed, and asked the host whether the famous
+Faustus sojourned there?
+
+The host replied by a reverential bow, and ushered him into the house.
+The Devil then advanced to Faustus, and said to him, in the presence of
+the host:
+
+"Your renown, your great talents, and, above all, your mighty invention,
+have induced me to make a wide circuit in my journey in order to become
+acquainted with so remarkable a man, whom the world, in spite of its
+lukewarmness, knows how to value.  I came, likewise, to request your
+company in the tour of Europe, and shall be happy to accede to whatever
+stipulations you may choose to make, for I am perfectly aware that such a
+pleasure is above all price."
+
+Faustus played his part agreeably to that of the Devil; and the host
+hurried out in order to relate the adventure to his household.  The
+rumour was immediately spread, by a thousand channels, through all
+Frankfort; and the arrival of the distinguished stranger was soon known,
+from the sentinel at the city-gate to his most worshipful the mayor
+himself.  Away ran the magistrates, as if the Devil drove them, to the
+senate-house, leaving all the weighty affairs of state to remain
+unsettled whilst they consulted about this unexpected apparition.  The
+senior alderman, a patrician, who was particularly expert in deciphering
+the meaning of the signs which occasionally appeared in the political
+horizon, and had thereby obtained a powerful ascendency in the council,
+pressed his fat chin into furrows, and his narrow brow into wrinkles,
+and, with reflection in his little eyes, assured his sapient brethren
+that "This distinguished stranger was nothing else than a secret envoy of
+his imperial majesty, who was come into Germany to observe attentively
+the situation, the comparative strength, the disagreements, and the
+alliances, of the various states and princes; so that the high and mighty
+court, at the opening of the approaching Diet, might know how to comport
+itself.  And since the imperial court had always kept a watchful eye upon
+their republic, they must now endeavour to convince this distinguished
+visitor of the fiery zeal which they had always entertained for the high
+imperial house, and not let him depart without winning him over to the
+interest of the state.  That they must, in so doing, take as their
+pattern the prudent senate of Venice, who never failed to show the
+greatest friendship and honour towards him whom they intended to
+deceive."
+
+The subordinate members of the assembly affirmed that the alderman had
+spoken like the Doge of Venice himself; but the mayor, who bore the
+alderman a secret grudge, because the latter, like a true patrician,
+hated the democratic form of government, and was accustomed to say,
+whenever he was outvoted, "Ha, thus it goes when tradesmen and
+shopkeepers are made statesmen," quickly took up the cudgels against him
+in these words:
+
+"Truly laudable and excellent, most sapient masters, seems to me that
+which our most prudent and politic brother has now advanced, were it not
+for one single circumstance which unhappily spoils all.  I, indeed, do
+not make a boast of possessing the deep visual penetration of the
+alderman,--a penetration, my brethren, which can spy out a storm before
+it arises; nevertheless, whether it be from chance or reflection, I have
+long foreseen, and have long foretold, that which is now gathering around
+us.  You must all remember, that at each of our sittings I advised you
+not to treat this Faustus so contemptuously, but to purchase his Latin
+Bible for the small sum he demanded.  Even my wife, who is a mere woman,
+like all other women, has frequently said that, although we ourselves
+neither understood nor could use the book, we ought nevertheless to have
+it; and, on account of the beautiful letters in the title-page, and of
+the curious invention, to make a show of it, as we do of our golden bull,
+and attract strangers from all parts.  It was likewise fitting that a
+free and rich state like ours should protect the arts, and give them a
+helping hand.  But I know very well what was in your minds; 'twas
+envy--sheer envy.  You could not brook that my name should be rendered
+immortal.  You could not digest that posterity should read in the
+chronicle, '_Sub consulatu_ . . . a Latin Bible was bought from Faustus
+of Mayence for two hundred gold guilders.'  Yes, yes; 'twas that stuck in
+your gizzards; but, as you have brewed, so may you drink: Faustus is a
+devilish wild fellow, and a very strange hand to deal with; I saw that
+proved yesterday.  And now that the imperial envoy has travelled hither
+merely on his account, merely on account of him whom we have treated
+worse than a poor cobbler, think ye not he will blow us up with the envoy
+out of revenge, and all our scrapings and grimaces will serve for nothing
+but to make us appear ridiculous before the citizens?  But he who has
+driven his cart into the mire may draw it out again.  I wash my hands of
+the whole business, and, like Pilate, am innocent of Israel's blindness
+and destruction."
+
+Here followed a deep silence.  The bloody battle of Cannae, which
+threatened Rome with ruin, did not terrify her senate more than did this
+eloquent philippic the enlightened magistracy of Frankfort.  Already the
+mayor triumphed in proud anticipation: he thought even that he had hurled
+the alderman entirely out of his saddle; when the latter, collecting his
+political wisdom and heroic strength, hastened to the assistance of the
+sinking state, and bellowing aloud, _ad majora_, undauntedly proposed
+"immediately to send an embassy from the council to the hotel, in order
+to welcome the distinguished guest, and to offer Faustus four hundred
+gold guilders for his Latin Bible, and thereby to appease him, and to
+make him favourable to the state."
+
+The mayor scoffed at the idea of giving four hundred gold guilders for a
+thing which the day before they might, in all probability, have had for
+one hundred; but his jeers and his scoffs availed nothing.  "_Salus
+populi suprema lex_," cried the alderman; and, with the approbation of
+the council, he commanded the mayor to entertain Faustus and the envoy in
+the most sumptuous manner, at the expense of the state.
+
+This circumstance consoled his worship, who willingly displayed his
+wealth, partly on account of his defeat by the alderman, while the
+concluding words, "at the expense of the state," put him in good humour.
+The junior alderman immediately set out with one of the four syndics, and
+the mayor sent to his house to order every thing proper for the festival.
+The devil Leviathan was engaged with Faustus in a deep discourse when
+these ambassadors were announced.  They were instantly admitted.  They
+welcomed, with all humility, in the name of the senate, the distinguished
+guest, and gave him to understand that his noble person, as well as his
+important errand, were well known to them; assuring him at the same time,
+in set terms, of their zeal and devotion for the high imperial house.
+The Devil, upon this, screwed up his features, turned to Faustus, took
+him by the hand, and assured the speakers that nothing had brought him to
+their town but the desire of removing from it this great man, whom he had
+no doubt they knew how to prize.  The ambassadors were now somewhat
+disturbed; however, they soon recollected themselves, and continued thus:
+
+"It rejoiced them highly that they could give him on the spot a
+convincing proof of the respect which the magistracy entertained for so
+great a man, as they were authorised to tender to Faustus four hundred
+gold guilders for his Latin Bible, which they had long been anxious to
+possess, and preserve as a precious treasure.  The illustrious magistracy
+would also be most happy to enrol him, if it were agreeable, among the
+number of citizens, and thereby open to him the way to glory and
+emolument."
+
+This last stroke was added by their own political wisdom; a proof that
+they, as skilful negotiators, knew how to supply and fill up every vacuum
+which had been at first overlooked.
+
+Faustus started up in a fury, stamped on the ground, and cried:
+
+"Base, lying, deceitful pack!  How long did I not fawn upon you, from the
+proud patrician down to the shoemaker and the pepper-seller, around whose
+necks you hang the magisterial insignia, like halters around asses?  And
+did ye not permit me to wait at your dirty thresholds without deigning me
+a single look?  And now that you hear this noble personage sees that in
+me which you did not, you come and would pay me back in my own coin.  But
+see, here is gold; for which you would barter the Holy Roman Empire,
+provided you could find fools gross enough to buy the huge, monstrous
+carcass, without head, sense, or proportion."
+
+The Devil highly enjoyed the rage of Faustus and the downcast looks of
+the young senators; but they, who had never read Roman history, were not
+so high-spirited as to fling Faustus a declaration of war from beneath
+their closely-folded robes of office; on the contrary, they communicated
+the invitation to the mayor's festival in as unconcerned a tone as if
+nothing had happened,--a new proof of their expertness in negotiation.
+Had they, for example, replied to the insult, they would thereby have
+acknowledged that they felt the force of it; but when they let it fall
+flat upon the ground, as if it were nothing to any of them, it lost all
+its power, and assumed the colour of an unfair reproach.  Genius alone is
+capable in such critical moments of like discrimination.
+
+At the word "mayor," Faustus pricked up his ears, and the Devil gave him
+a significant side-glance.  Faustus thereupon took the Bible from the
+casket, handed it over to the senators, and said, with some degree of
+complaisance,
+
+"That, upon due consideration, he was determined to make the city a
+present of his Bible, on condition that they showed the sentence which he
+marked under, and of which he wrote a German translation on the margin,
+to the assembled magistrates; and, in remembrance of him, caused it to be
+written in letters of gold on the wall of the council-chamber."
+
+The senators hastened back to their brethren, as delighted as envoys who,
+after a ruinous war, return with an advantageous peace.  They were
+received with great joy, and, the Bible being opened at the appointed
+place, they read--
+
+"_And lo_!_ the fools sat in council_, _and idiots clamoured in the
+judgment-chamber_."
+
+They swallowed this bitter pill, because the presumptive shadow of
+imperial majesty, in the form of the demon, prevented them from spitting
+it out.  They comforted themselves with having been spared the four
+hundred gold guilders, and wished each other joy for having escaped so
+well out of this unpleasant affair.  The envoys received a vote of
+thanks, and it is to be regretted that their names are not handed down to
+posterity.  When at last they spoke of Faustus's well-filled money-chest,
+the glitter of gold darted like lightning through the souls of all, and
+each secretly determined to make the man his friend, in order to get
+possession of it.  The alderman shouted, "We must make him a citizen, and
+give him a seat and voice in the council.  Policy demands that we should
+overstep law and custom, if the advantage of the State depends upon it."
+
+Faustus, in the mean time, strolled out with the Devil; but they found
+the people of the place modelled after so unsightly a pattern, with such
+ugly figures and fiat features, that the Devil owned he had never seen
+them equalled, except by the inhabitants of an English town called N---,
+when dressed in their Sunday's best.  "Envy, malice, curiosity, and
+avarice," said he, "are here and there the sole springs of action; and
+both places are governed by a pitiful mercantile spirit, which prevents
+them from being grandly wicked or nobly virtuous.  In short, Faustus,
+there is little to be done in either place by a man of spirit, and we
+will hurry away from hence as soon as you have brought the mayoress to
+the point you wish her."
+
+The clock sounded the hour of dinner; the Devil and Faustus, mounted upon
+noble horses, and attended by a numerous retinue, proceeded to the house
+of the mayor.  They entered the hall of assembly, where all the
+magistrates awaited them, and, on their appearance, bowed before them
+even to the dust.  The fat, bloated mayor, after a long speech,
+introduced them to the wives of the dignitaries of the corporation, whose
+figures, loaded with tawdry ornaments, seemed now to display a double
+portion of awkwardness and vulgarity.  They stared like a flock of geese,
+and could not satiate themselves with looking at the dress and
+physiognomy of Leviathan; but the mayoress, a native of Saxony, towered
+above them all, like an Oriad.  The expressive look of Faustus had
+attracted her attention, as well as his prepossessing figure, and his
+fine handsome face.  She blushed when he saluted her, and could find no
+other answer to his eloquent address than a few broken words, which the
+ears of Faustus caught like enchanting music.  The senators exerted their
+wits to the utmost in complimenting their guests, and all now sat down to
+the well-spread table.  After dinner the Devil led the mayor by the hand
+to a private apartment,--a circumstance which flattered him
+extraordinarily, but which was a dagger-blow to all the other guests,
+especially to the alderman.
+
+The mayor, heated with wine, and intoxicated with the honour which the
+supposed imperial envoy showed him, in a bending attitude and with
+staring eyes awaited the communication.  The Devil assured him, in soft,
+silvery tones, how much he was flattered by the mayor's hospitable
+reception, and how very desirous he was to prove himself thankful;
+adding, that he carried with him a number of letters of nobility, signed
+by the emperor's own hand, and he would gladly bestow the first upon him,
+provided--
+
+Joy, transport, and astonishment darted through the mayor's soul; he
+stood before the Devil with wide-gaping mouth, and at length stammered
+out, "Provided how--what--oh!"  The Devil then murmured softly into his
+ear: "His friend Faustus was desperately in love with the beautiful
+mayoress, and that for his sake only he would do it; and if the mayoress
+would retire with Faustus for a few moments,--which would be entirely
+unobserved amid the noise and confusion of a festival,--he should deliver
+into her hand the patent of nobility."
+
+Thereupon the Devil hastened to Faustus, informed him of what had
+happened, and gave him the letter of nobility, with certainty of success.
+Faustus doubted, and the Devil laughed at his doubts.
+
+The mayor remained in his cabinet almost petrified.  The sudden glitter
+of such unexpected happiness was at once so clouded by an odious and
+detestable condition, that he determined upon rejecting it.  But all at
+once Ambition blew into his ear: "Ho! ho! Mr. Mayor; to be dubbed a
+nobleman at once, and in such an off-hand manner, as the saying is, and
+thereby to be placed on a footing with the proudest of thy foes, and to
+raise thy voice in the council like a trumpet, and appear among those
+there like a man whom, on account of his services, his imperial majesty
+will exalt above the heads of all!"
+
+Another feeling softly whispered--
+
+"Uh! uh! with my own knowledge and consent to be thus disgraced!  But
+then, again, who will know it? and what is there in the whole affair?  I
+receive a certain good in lieu of what has long ceased to have any charms
+for me.  The evil consists in the idea alone, and it will be a secret
+between me and my wife.  But, stating the case fairly, can I arrive at so
+high a distinction at a cheaper rate?  Will it not be a nail in the
+alderman's coffin; and what will the citizens not say when they see that
+his imperial majesty knows how to value me?  Shall I not get every thing
+into my power, and revenge myself on those who have thwarted and
+contradicted me?  Ho! ho! Mr. Mayor; be no fool; seize fortune by the
+forelock.  Man is only what he appears in the eyes of the world, and no
+one asks the nobleman how he became so.  But there is my wife; she will
+set herself against my advancement, for I well know her Saxon prudery."
+
+At that very moment she entered the room, eager to learn from her husband
+what the magnificent stranger had confided to him in private.  He looked
+at her with a roguish leer, but still with some degree of bashfulness.
+
+_Mayor_.  Well, my chick, suppose I were to make thee a noblewoman
+to-day?
+
+_Mayoress_.  Then, duck, the wives of all the citizens and magistrates
+would swoon with envy, and the alderman's lady would instantly die of
+that husky cough which has so long assailed her.
+
+_Mayor_.  That she would, for certain; and I could crush her proud
+husband beneath my foot.  But hark, my chick: it only rests with you to
+bring all this about.
+
+_Mayoress_.  Who ever heard of wives making their husbands noblemen,
+duck?
+
+_Mayor_.  Who knows, my child, how many have been made so?  But be not
+terrified; you have driven that cursed Faustus out of his wits.  (_The
+Mayoress blushed_; _he continued_)  Only on his account will the envoy
+create me a nobleman, and Faustus is to deliver to thee the patent of
+nobility in private.  You understand me, I perceive.  Hem! What do you
+think of the plan?
+
+_Mayoress_.  I was thinking, my treasure, that if these two gentlemen
+were to change their minds, we should certainly lose the patent.
+
+_Mayor_.  Curse it! so we might.  Let us be quick, my mouse; such
+bargains are not met with every day.
+
+The company had in the mean while dispersed themselves in the garden; and
+his worship, getting behind Faustus, whispered softly in his ear that
+"his wife would esteem it an honour to receive the patent of nobility
+from his hand; and he had only to step up a back staircase, which he
+would show him, to an apartment where he would find her.  That as for
+himself, he feared nothing from a man who had shown so much honour and
+conscience."  He led him thereupon to the back staircase.  Faustus glided
+up immediately, and entered a chamber, where he found the mayoress: he
+flew to her, and created the mayor a knight of the Holy Roman Empire.
+She then went and delivered to her spouse the letter of nobility; and
+they determined between them that it should be laid upon the supper-table
+in a covered golden dish, in order, by its unexpected appearance, to make
+the blow more painful to the guests.  The Devil, to whom the mayor
+confided the plan, highly approved of it; but Faustus murmured in the ear
+of Leviathan, "I command thee to play this rascal, who has prostituted
+his wife for ambition's sake, a thorough knavish trick; and to revenge
+me, at the same time, on all these sheep-headed magistrates, who so long
+forced me to pay my court to them."
+
+They sat down to supper, and the glasses went quickly round; when all at
+once the Devil commanded the dish, which had so long excited the
+Curiosity of the surrounders, to be uncovered; then, holding up the
+letter of nobility, he delivered it to the mayor with these words:
+"Worthy sir, his majesty the emperor, my master, is pleased by this
+patent letter of nobility to create you, on account of your fidelity and
+services, a knight of the Holy Roman Empire.  I hope and trust that you
+will never grow lukewarm in your zeal for the high imperial house; and
+now, Sir Knight, I have the honour of first drinking your health."
+
+These words rolled like thunder in the ears of the guests.  The drunken
+became sober, and the sober drunk; the lips of the women turned blue with
+rage, and could scarcely stammer out a congratulation.  The alderman was
+seized with an apoplectic fit, and his wife was near dying of her husky
+cough.  Fear, in the mean time, obliged the rest to assume a joyous
+countenance; and they drank, with a loud huzza, the health of the
+new-made knight.  While the tumult was at the highest pitch, a thin
+vapour suddenly filled the hall; the glasses began to dance about upon
+the tables; and the roasted geese, turkeys, and fowls cackled, gobbled,
+and crowed.  The calves, sheep, and boars' heads cried, bleated, and
+grunted, bounced across the table, and snapped at the fingers of the
+guests.  The wine issued in blue flames from out the flasks; and the
+patent of nobility caught fire, and was burnt to ashes in the hands of
+the trembling mayor.  The whole assembly now sat like so many ridiculous
+characters in a mad masquerade.  The mayor bore a stag's head upon his
+shoulders; and the rest, men and women, adorned with grotesque masks,
+spoke, cackled, crowed, neighed, or bellowed, according to the kind of
+mask which had been allotted to each individual.  The alderman alone, in
+the dress of a harlequin, sat motionless; and Faustus avowed to the Devil
+that the ruse did great honour to his ingenuity.  After Faustus had
+satiated himself by gazing at the spectacle, he gave the Devil the wink,
+and they both flew out of the window; the latter personage, according to
+custom, leaving behind him the sulphurous stench.
+
+By and by the whole illusion disappeared; and when the sapient
+magistrates re-assembled next morning in the council-chamber, they
+scarcely mentioned to each other what had taken place the night before.
+They kept the whole matter a state secret, and only revealed it now and
+then to a chosen few.  All that the mayor got by this business was, that
+his adversary, the alderman, lost the use of his limbs, and never again
+took his seat in the council.
+
+Faustus and Leviathan, in the mean time, passed over the city-walls; and
+when they were in the open field, the Devil despatched an attendant
+spirit to the hotel, in order to pay the reckoning, and to fetch away
+Faustus's baggage.  Then turning to the young German, he asked him if he
+were contented with this first feat.
+
+_Faustus_.  Hem! if the Devil wants praise, I am content to give it him.
+But I should never have imagined that yon pompous scoundrel would have
+sold his wife for ambition's sake.
+
+_Devil_.  Let us proceed a little further, my Faustus, and I will soon
+convince thee that Ambition is the godhead which ye all worship; although
+you disguise it under all kind of glittering forms, in order to conceal
+its nakedness.  Till now you have studied man merely in books and
+philosophical treatises; or, in other words, you have been thrashing
+empty straw.  But the film will soon fall from your eyes.  We will
+shortly quit this dirty country of yours, where priestcraft, pedantry,
+and oppression reign unmolested and undisturbed.  I will usher you upon a
+stage where the passions have a freer scope, and where great energies are
+employed to great ends.
+
+_Faustus_.  But I will force thee to believe in the moral worth of man
+before we quit my native land.  Not far from hence lives a prince, whom
+all Germany praises as a paragon of every virtue.  Let us seek him, and
+put him to the test.
+
+_Devil_.  Agreed; such a man would please me for his rarity.
+
+The spirit now returned with the baggage, and was sent forward to Mayence
+to bespeak a lodging in an hotel.  Faustus, for secret reasons which the
+Devil guessed, proposed spending the night with a hermit who dwelt in the
+hill of Homburg, and who was renowned through the whole neighbourhood for
+his piety.  They reached the hermitage about midnight, and knocked at the
+door.  The solitary opened it; and Faustus, who had dressed himself in
+the richest clothes which the Devil had provided for him, begged pardon
+for disturbing the repose of the holy man, and said that the night had
+surprised him and his companion while hunting, and had separated them
+from their attendants, and that they should be obliged by his giving them
+house-room for a few hours.  The hermit looked on the ground, and
+replied, with a deep sigh:
+
+"He who lives for heaven seldom abandons himself to dangerous repose.
+You have not disturbed me; and, if you wish to stay here till sunrise,
+you must take things as you find them.  Bread and water, with straw to
+lie on, is all I can afford you."
+
+_Faustus_.  Brother hermit, we have brought all that the stomach requires
+along with us.  We will only trouble you for a draught of water.
+
+(_The hermit took his pitcher and went to a fountain_.)
+
+_Faustus_.  Peace dwells in his heart as well as on his brow, and I may
+think myself happy that he is not acquainted with that which binds me to
+thee.  Faith and hope serve him instead of those things which I have
+damned myself for; at least it seems so.
+
+_Devil_.  And only seems.  What if I were to prove that your heart is
+pure as gold in comparison with his?
+
+_Faustus_.  Devil!
+
+_Devil_.  Faustus, thou wert poor, ill-treated, and despised; thou didst
+see thyself in the dust; but, like an energetic being, thou hast sprung
+out of contempt at thy own risk.  Thou wert incapable of gratifying thy
+lusts by the murder of thy fellow-creatures, as this saint would if I led
+him into temptation.
+
+_Faustus_.  I see all thy infernal craftiness.  If I were to command thee
+to put him to a fair trial, thou wouldst confuse the senses of the just
+man, so that he would commit acts which his heart abhorred.
+
+_Devil_.  Ridiculous!  Why, then, do ye boast of your free-will, and
+thereby ascribe your deeds to your own hearts?  But ye are all saints
+while there is nothing to tempt ye.  No, Faustus; I will remain neuter,
+and merely offer delights to his senses; for the Devil has no need to
+creep into ye when you are already disposed for wickedness.
+
+_Faustus_.  And if things do not turn out as you assert, think not that
+your assurance shall remain unpunished.
+
+_Devil_.  Thou mayst then torment me a whole day by preaching of the
+virtues of men.  Let us see whether this will allure him.
+
+A table, provided with dainty meats and delicious wines, now appeared in
+the middle of the hermitage.  The solitary entered, and silently placed
+the pitcher before Faustus, and then retired into a corner, without
+heeding the luxurious banquet.
+
+_Faustus_.  Now, brother hermit, since the things are on the table, fall
+to without waiting to be asked twice.  You may eat of our fare without
+the least injury to your reputation.  I see your mouth begins to water.
+Come, a glass to the honour of your patron saint.  What is his name?
+
+_Hermit_.  St. George.
+
+_Faustus_.  Here's his health.
+
+_Devil_.  Ho, ho, brother hermit! the renowned St. George of Cappadocia
+was a fellow after my own heart; and if you take him for a model, you
+cannot go wrong.  I am perfectly well acquainted with his history, and
+will relate it in a few words for your instruction.  He was the son of
+wretchedly poor people, and was born in a miserable hut in Cilicia.  As
+he grew up, he early perceived his own talents, and, by force of
+flattery, servility, and corruption, found his way into the houses of the
+great and opulent, who at length, out of gratitude for his services,
+procured him a commission in the army of the Greek emperor.  But when
+there he pilfered and plundered to so enormous an extent, that he was
+soon obliged to fly, to avoid being hanged.  Thereupon he joined himself
+to the sect of the Arians, and, by his quick parts, soon learnt to gabble
+the unintelligible jargon of theology and metaphysics.  About this time
+the Arian emperor, Constantine, kicked from the episcopal chair at
+Alexandria the good and most Catholic Athanasius; and your redoubtable
+Cappadocian was, by an Arian synod, appointed to the vacant see.  George
+was now completely in his element: he puffed, strutted, and filled his
+paunch.  But when he, by his injustice and cruelty, had driven his
+subjects to the verge of madness, they put him to death, and carried his
+body in triumph through the streets of Alexandria.  Thus did he become a
+martyr, and consequently a saint.
+
+_Hermit_.  There is not a word of this in the legend.
+
+_Devil_.  I believe ye, brother; and, for the sake of truth, the Devil
+only ought to have written it.
+
+The hermit then crossed himself.
+
+_Faustus_.  Do you call eating and drinking crimes?
+
+_Hermit_.  They may tempt us to commit crimes.
+
+_Devil_.  Your virtue must be very weak if it cannot resist temptation;
+for temptation and resistance should be the glory of a saint.
+
+_Hermit_.  You are right so far; but every one is not a saint.
+
+_Faustus_.  Are you happy, brother?
+
+_Hermit_.  Solitude makes me happy; a good conscience makes me blessed.
+
+_Devil_.  How do you obtain your food?
+
+_Hermit_.  The peasants bring me wherewithal to support my existence.
+
+_Faustus_.  And what do you give them in return?
+
+_Hermit_.  I pray for them.
+
+_Faustus_.  Are they bettered by your prayers?
+
+_Hermit_.  They think so, and I hope so.
+
+_Devil_.  Brother, you are a rogue.
+
+_Hermit_.  The reproaches of the sinful world are what the just man ought
+to expect.
+
+_Devil_.  Why do you not look upwards, and why do you blush?  But know,
+that I have the art of reading in a man's face what is passing in his
+heart.
+
+_Hermit_.  So much the worse for yourself.  You will have little
+enjoyment in company.
+
+_Devil_.  Ho, ho! you know that?  (_Looking at Faustus_.)
+
+_Hermit_.  It is a vile world in which we live, and woe for you if
+thousands did not hasten into solitude to avert by their prayers the
+anger of incensed Heaven from the heads of sinners.
+
+_Faustus_.  Reverend brother, you own yourself that you are paid for your
+prayers; and, believe me, it is much easier to pray than work.
+
+_Devil_.  Listen once more.  You have a twist of the mouth which tells me
+you are a hypocrite; and your eyes, which revolve in so narrow a circle,
+and which are generally cast downward, tell me that you are convinced
+they would betray the feelings of your heart, were you to raise them.
+
+The hermit lifted his eyes towards the heavens, prayed with clasped
+hands, and said, "Thus does the righteous man reply to the scoffer."
+
+_Faustus_.  Enough.  Come, brother, and bear us company in our repast.
+
+But the hermit remained inflexible.  Faustus looked scornfully on the
+Devil, who merely smiled and shook his head.  Suddenly the door opened,
+and a young female pilgrim rushed in almost breathless.  When she had
+recovered from her fear, she related how she had been pursued by a
+knight, from whom she had the good fortune to escape by reaching the cell
+of the pious hermit.  She was received in a friendly manner; and,
+unclasping her long mantle, she exhibited such beauty as would have made
+the victory over the flesh no easy matter for the holy Anthony himself.
+She placed herself by the side of Leviathan, ate sparingly of the meal,
+and the Devil began to--
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The hermit was at first shocked, and at last confused; and he had
+scarcely power to struggle with the temptation.  The pilgrim tore
+herself, ashamed and angry, from the arms of Leviathan, to seek
+protection by the side of the hermit, which he could not refuse her.
+
+The Devil and Faustus now pretended to be intoxicated and overwhelmed
+with sleep; but before they took repose the Devil placed, in the presence
+of the hermit, a weighty purse of money under the straw, and deposited
+his own rich rings and those of Faustus in a casket, which the latter
+laid close beside him.  On the table they placed their swords and
+daggers, and then flung themselves down and soon snored.
+
+The pilgrim softly approached the table, and poured out with her delicate
+and snow-white hands a goblet of foaming wine.  She just touched the rim
+with her rosy lips, and then offered it to the hermit.  He stood like one
+amazed; and in his confusion emptied it, and another besides, and
+greedily swallowed the luxurious morsels which the tempter, one after
+another, held up to his mouth.  She then led him out, and bursting into
+tears, entreated his pardon for having been forced to outrage his holy
+eyes.  She then looked mournful and inconsolable, pressed his hand
+warmly, and at last fell down on her knees before him.  At this instant
+the silvery moon beamed upon her bosom, over which the gentle night-wind
+moved her dark, dishevelled locks.  The hermit sank upon this dazzling
+bosom, without knowing whether he was dead or alive.  At length the
+pilgrim said, "That she would yield herself entirely to his wishes, if he
+would revenge her first on those daring reprobates, and take possession
+of their treasure, which would enable him and her to live happily to the
+end of their days."
+
+The hermit, at these words, recovered in some degree from his
+intoxication, and asked her, in a trembling voice, what she meant, and
+what she would have him do.
+
+Amongst broken exclamations of rapture she murmured, "Their daggers lie
+on the table: do you murder the one; I will manage the other.  Then dress
+yourself in their clothes, and seize their treasure.  We will then set
+the hermitage on fire, and fly to France together."
+
+The horrible idea of murder made the hermit shudder.  He hesitated, was
+undecided, looked on the charms of the siren; he saw that he could make
+himself master of her and of the treasure without danger; and, all his
+virtue yielding, he forgot heaven and his oft-repeated vows.  The pilgrim
+dragged the reeling miscreant into the hut; each seized a dagger; and
+just as he was about to aim a blow at Faustus, the Devil burst into the
+fiendish scorn-laugh; and Faustus saw the hermit, with a lifted dagger,
+standing by his side.
+
+_Faustus_.  Cursed monster, who, under the mask of religion, wouldst
+murder thy guest!
+
+The hermit sunk trembling to the earth.  The pilgrim, a phantom of hell,
+appeared to him in a frightful form, and then vanished.
+
+Faustus commanded Leviathan to set fire to the hut, and burn it to ashes,
+along with the hypocrite.  The Devil obeyed with joy.  The following
+morning the peasants shed many tears for the fate of the righteous man;
+and, having collected his bones, they preserved them as precious relics.
+
+Faustus and the Devil arrived early the next day at Mayence, and alighted
+at the dwelling of the former.  His young wife fell with a cry of joy
+upon his neck, embraced him, and then burst into tears of sorrow.  The
+children clung sobbing to his knees, and greedily examined his pockets,
+to see whether he had brought them any thing.  His old gray-headed father
+next staggered towards him, and shook him mournfully by the hand.  The
+heart of Faustus was moved, and his eyes began to moisten, while he
+trembled, and looked angrily upon the Devil.  When he asked his wife why
+she wept, she wrung her hands, and replied, "Ah, Faustus, do you not
+perceive how the hungry ones examine your pockets for bread?  How can I
+see that without tears?  They have eaten nothing for a long time; we have
+been unfortunate, and all thy friends have forsaken us; but now I see
+thee again, it is to me as though I saw the countenance of an angel.  I
+and thy father have suffered more on thy account than on our own.  We
+have had such frightful dreams and visions; and when my eyes, weary with
+weeping, have closed for a few hours, I saw thee torn from us by force,
+and all was dark and horrible."
+
+_Faustus_.  Thy dream, love, is about to be partly fulfilled.  This
+gentleman here will reward thy husband for those talents which his
+ungrateful country overlooked or despised.  I have agreed to travel with
+him far and wide.
+
+_Old Faustus_.  "My son, stay at home and support thyself honourably,"
+says Scripture.
+
+_Faustus_.  And die of hunger, says Experience.
+
+The wife began to weep yet more bitterly, and the children screamed for
+bread.  Faustus gave the Devil a sign, and he called to his servant, who
+presently afterwards brought into the room a heavy coffer.  Faustus
+unlocked it, and flung a large bag of gold upon the table; which being
+opened, and the yellow coin appearing, a lively flush of joy was
+instantly diffused over the melancholy countenances of the family.  He
+then took out magnificent clothes and jewels, which he delivered to his
+wife.  Her tears vanished, and vanity at once dried them up, as the
+sun-rays dry up the morning dew.  The Devil smiled, and Faustus muttered
+to himself, "O magic of gold and of vanity!  I may now go to the
+antipodes, and no other tears than those of hypocrisy will be shed."
+Then, aloud, "Well, wife, these are the fruits of my journey, reaped in
+advance.  Is not this better than staying at home with you and starving?"
+
+But the wife heard him not; for she stood with her rich robes and jewels
+before the looking-glass to see how they became her.  The little girls
+frolicked around her, took up the clothes and ornaments she had laid
+aside, and aped the mother.  In the mean time a servant brought in a
+substantial breakfast, the children fell upon it, cried and shouted with
+joy; but the mother had, in the mean time, forgotten her hunger.
+
+The old father took Faustus aside, and said, "If thou hast obtained all
+these things by honourable means, let us thank God, my son, and enjoy his
+bounty; but for some nights past I have had horrible dreams, although I
+hope they were merely caused by our necessities."
+
+This remark of the old man sank deep into the heart of Faustus; but the
+pleasure of seeing his children eat so heartily, and of observing with
+what love and thankfulness his eldest son and favourite looked at him;
+the thought of having relieved them from their misery; and, above all, an
+inward longing for pleasure,--considerably damped the impression.  The
+Devil added a large sum to the money in the bag, presented the young wife
+with a costly necklace, gave each of the children a trifle, and assured
+the family that he would bring back Faustus to them safe, sound, and
+wealthy at no very distant period.
+
+Faustus, attended by the Devil, now went to see a friend, whom he found
+much dejected.  He asked him the cause of his unhappiness, and the other
+replied:
+
+"This afternoon the law-suit which you have often heard me speak of is to
+be determined; and I am certain of losing it, although justice is on my
+side.  In short, Master Faustus, nothing remains for me to do but to beg,
+or drown myself in the deepest part of the Rhine."
+
+_Faustus_.  How can you be certain that you will lose your cause, if
+justice is for you, as you say it is?
+
+_Friend_.  But the five hundred gold guilders which my opponent has given
+the Judge are against me; and if I cannot outbid him, I must fall to the
+ground.
+
+_Faustus_.  Pooh! does it merely depend on that?  Come, lead me to the
+Judge.  I have a friend here who willingly assists people out of such
+difficulties.
+
+They found the Judge to be a proud, inflated man, who would scarcely
+deign to honour a poor client with a look.  Faustus had long known him
+for what he was.  When they entered the room, the Judge, in an imperious
+tone, thus addressed Faustus's friend, "Why do you come to trouble me?
+Do you not know that tears never interrupt the course of justice?"
+
+The unhappy friend looked humbly to the ground.
+
+_Faustus_.  Mighty sir, you have spoken well: tears are like water; they
+merely spoil the eyes of those that shed them.  But do you know that my
+friend has right on his side?
+
+_Judge_.  Master Faustus, I know you for a man who plays away his money
+at ducks-and-drakes, and who has a loose tongue.  Right and law are very
+different things: if he has the first for him, it is no reason that he
+should have the second.
+
+_Faustus_.  You say that right and law are two different things:
+something like judge and justice, perhaps.
+
+_Judge_.  Master Faustus, I have already said that I know you.
+
+_Faustus_.  Perhaps we are mistaken in each other, most enlightened sir.
+But it is mere waste of soap to attempt to wash a blackamoor white.  (_He
+opened the door_, _and in stalked the Devil_.)  Here is a gentleman who
+will lay before you a document, which I hope will give the cause of my
+friend a new aspect.
+
+When the Judge saw the richly-dressed Leviathan, he assumed a more
+friendly countenance, and asked them all to be seated.
+
+_Faustus_.  We can settle the whole business standing.  (_To the Devil_)
+Produce the document which we have found.
+
+The Devil counted out of his purse five hundred gold guilders; he then
+stopped and looked at the Judge.
+
+_Judge_.  The document is by no means a bad one, gentlemen; but the
+adverse party has long ago given me one of equal weight.
+
+The Devil continued counting till he had told out a thousand; he then
+stopped.
+
+_Judge_.  In truth, I had overlooked this circumstance.  Such vouchers,
+however, are not to be withstood.
+
+He then gathered up the gold and secured it in his coffer.
+
+_Faustus_.  I hope now that right and law will go together.
+
+_Judge_.  Master Faustus, you understand the art of appeasing the
+bitterest enemies.
+
+Faustus, whom the servility of the Judge as much offended as his former
+rudeness, whispered to the Devil, in going away, "Do thou avenge justice
+on this wretch."
+
+Thereupon he left his friend, without waiting for his thanks, and went
+about with the Devil to discharge his debts.  He then paid visits to his
+other friends, showered gold upon them by handfuls, even on those who had
+forsaken him in his adversity; and he felt happy in being able to give
+unbridled scope to his generosity and greatness of soul.  The Devil,
+however, who saw deeper into things than Faustus, laughed within himself
+at the consequences.
+
+They now went to the hotel, Faustus, recollecting the conduct of his
+wife, once again fell into an exceedingly ill humour.  He could not
+pardon her for having ceased to lament his departure the moment she had
+seen the gold and jewels.  Till now he had imagined that she loved him
+more than all the treasures of the earth; but what he had just observed
+forced him to believe the contrary, and his affection for her was turned
+to bitterness.  The Devil, who perceived where the shoe pinched,
+willingly allowed Faustus to torment himself with these gloomy thoughts,
+so that he might tear himself from that sweet tie by which nature still
+gently fettered him.  He foresaw, with secret rapture, the dreadful
+anguish which would one day arise in the bosom of the headstrong Faustus,
+when the future should disclose to him all the horrors which he was now
+about to perpetrate.
+
+They dined in the public room, in company with some professors of law and
+divinity, who, to the great delight of the Devil, soon fell into a
+violent dispute concerning the nun Clara.  The flame of that controversy
+was still at its full height; party-spirit raged in all houses, and the
+present disputants talked so loudly, and said so many ridiculous things,
+that Faustus soon forgot his ill humour.  But when a doctor of theology
+asserted that it was possible for Satan to have carried his wickedness so
+far as to have brought the nun into certain circumstances by means of the
+dream, the Devil burst into a bellowing laugh; and Faustus immediately
+thought of a scheme by which he might revenge himself, in a signal
+manner, upon the Archbishop, who had paid so little attention to his
+discovery.  He hoped then to involve the thread of the theological and
+political war at Mayence in such confusion that no human power would be
+able to unravel it.  After dinner he asked the demon whether it would be
+possible for him, under the figure of the Dominican, to pass that night
+with the lovely Clara.  The Devil assured him that nothing was more easy;
+and, if he chose, the abbess herself should usher him into the nun's
+cell.  Faustus, who had always considered the abbess to be a strict,
+pious, and conscientious woman, laughed in scorn at these last words of
+the Devil.
+
+_Devil_.  Thy wife, O Faustus, set up a shriek of despair when thou didst
+tell her of thy intended departure; but when the glitter of gold and
+dress burst upon her view, the sorrows of her heart vanished at once.  I
+repeat, that the abbess herself shall introduce thee to the cell of the
+nun, and I will employ no supernatural means.  Thou thyself shalt see how
+the old gudgeon will swallow the hook.  Come, we will pay her a visit
+under the pious figures of two nuns.  I know the manners and ways of the
+nuns, ay, and of the monks too, of Germany, well enough to ape them.  I
+will represent the Abbess of the Black Nuns, and thou shalt be her
+friend, Sister Agatha.
+
+At this moment Faustus's friend came, full of joy, to inform him of the
+happy issue of the law-suit.  He was about to thank Faustus and the Devil
+upon his knees; but Faustus said, "Spare your thanks, and take care of my
+wife and family during my absence."  He then whispered into the ear of
+the Devil, "It is time to think of the Judge."
+
+The Judge wished after dinner to gratify his beloved wife by counting the
+gold pieces in her presence.  He unlocked the coffer, and started back in
+a tremor at the sight of its contents: the gold pieces were changed into
+large rats, which sprang out, and fell furiously upon his face and hands.
+The Judge, who had a great aversion to these animals, rushed out of the
+room; but they pursued him, fastening on his heels.  He hurried from the
+house, and ran through the streets; but still they were close behind him.
+He fled into the fields; but they allowed him no rest, and at last forced
+the terrified wretch to seek shelter in the stone tower where the tolls
+are gathered, and which stands in the middle of the Rhine.  Here he
+thought himself safe from farther pursuit; but rats and mice hot from
+hell are not to be terrified by water: they swam through, fell upon him,
+and ate him up alive.  His wife, in her terror and astonishment, told the
+history of the transformation of the gold pieces by which her unfortunate
+husband had allowed himself to be dazzled; and from that time there has
+not been in the whole diocese of Mayence a single instance of a judge or
+a man in office taking a bribe.  The Devil could not have foreseen this,
+or he certainly would have let the scoundrel go unpunished.
+
+Faustus and the Devil stood in their disguises before the gate of the
+convent of White Nuns.  The portress ran as fast as she could in order to
+inform the abbess of the unexpected visitors.  The abbess received them
+with conventual greetings, to which the Devil answered in a similar tone.
+Sweetmeats and wines were then brought in, and while partaking of them
+the two abbesses talked together, of cloister affairs, and of the wicked
+world; and the Devil, with a deep sigh, turned the discourse to Clara's
+accident.  Clara, who, on account of her rank, was the pet-lamb of the
+cloister, stood near the abbess, and laughed beneath her veil.  Faustus
+observed this, and, looking at her, really thought he had never seen a
+more charming rogue wear the sacred veil.  The Devil at length gave the
+conversation a serious turn, and led the abbess to conclude that he had
+something weighty to confide to her.
+
+_Abbess_ (_to Clara_).  You may go, my lamb, to the nuns in the garden,
+and divert yourself with them; I will send you out some sweetmeats, so
+that you may celebrate the coming of our venerable sister.
+
+Clara bounded away.  After a few words, which the Devil uttered in a
+disturbed and thoughtful kind of tone, so that he might thereby arouse
+the curiosity of the abbess, he came to the point.
+
+_Devil_.  Ah, dear sister, how much do I pity you!  It is true, and that
+ought in some degree to comfort you, that the whole city and the entire
+district are convinced of your holiness, your piety, and the strictness
+of your discipline.  In a word, you possess all the virtues requisite for
+a bride of heaven.  But, alas, the world will be the world still; and the
+Fiend often infuses evil thoughts into the minds of worldly men, so that
+through them he may disturb those saints who are thorns in his side.  No,
+no; the wicked Devil cannot bear that you should bring up your lambs in
+untainted purity.  I pity you, as I said before, and still more the
+little innocents who are at present confided to your care.  What will
+become of them when they lose you?
+
+_Abbess_.  Kind sister, be of good cheer; though I am old, I am yet,
+thanks to Heaven, sound and hearty, and the little inconveniences which
+attend a uniform course of devotion and penitence prolong life rather
+than shorten it.  So, at least, the physician of the convent tells me
+when I complain to him.
+
+The Devil looked at her attentively.
+
+"Have you, then, had no anticipation of what is hanging over your head?
+no warning vision?  Has nothing occurred in the convent to make you look
+forward to the future with anxiety?  It is customary for pious souls to
+be informed by certain signs when any disaster menaces them."
+
+_Abbess_.  You frighten me so, that I tremble in my whole body.  But let
+me reflect;--yes, yes, I am very restless, and dream of raw heads and
+bloody bones; and some days ago--ah, yes!--that certainly was a sign and
+a warning--some few days ago I went with my lap-dog, which you see there,
+to walk in the garden.  I was alone; the nuns were at some distance,
+telling stories beneath the linden-trees.  All at once the gardener's
+great mastiff sprung upon _Piety_, for that is the name of my pet.  I
+shuddered from head to foot, and crossed myself again and again; but that
+would avail nothing.  At last I struck at the hideous brute with my
+staff,--yes, I struck with all my strength the filthy hound who would
+thus profane the cloister; and I continued striking until the staff,
+which his reverence the Archbishop delivered to me upon my consecration
+as abbess, broke in two.  Was that a sign or a warning, think ye?
+
+The Devil and Faustus pretended to be shocked.
+
+_Devil_.  Ah, the very worst in the world.  All now is but too clear and
+manifest.  Did not I tell you how it would turn out, Sister Agatha?
+
+Faustus made a humble bow of assent.
+
+_Abbess_.  For Heaven's sake, speak, or I shall run mad.
+
+_Devil_.  Contain yourself, dear sister.  Help is to be found, and who
+knows but I bring it with me?  Remember that it was the staff which the
+Archbishop presented to you upon your being consecrated an abbess which
+you broke; and now listen to me attentively.  You know my cousin the
+prebend; well, he confided to me a very terrible affair.  He indeed made
+me solemnly promise not to tell you; but I know it is best to commit a
+little sin, if by its means we can prevent a great one and confound the
+projects of Satan.
+
+_Abbess_.  You are perfectly right; and the Fathers of the Church hold
+that doctrine, as my confessor has often told me.
+
+_Devil_.  Know, then, that the Archbishop has so far got the upper hand
+of the Chapter, that he has brought them to consent to your being deposed
+after the lapse of a few months, and his niece Clara being made abbess in
+your stead.
+
+"Jesu Maria!" cried the abbess, wrung her hands, and fell into a swoon.
+The Devil made a sour face at her exclamation, and Faustus, laughing,
+rubbed her wrinkled brows.  After she had recovered herself, she shed a
+torrent of tears, and shrieked a thousand curses against the wickedness
+of the world.
+
+_Devil_.  Do not despair, dear sister.  For a distant evil there is
+always a remedy.
+
+_Abbess_.  And what do you advise me to do?  Wretch that I am!  O
+Heavens! what will become of me,--what will become of the nuns?
+
+_Devil_.  I have already said that it is best to commit a slight sin if,
+by so doing, we prevent a great one, and you yourself have proved it by
+the authority of holy Fathers; but, dear sister, courage and
+understanding will be necessary, if you wish to obtain your purpose
+without danger to your own soul, by loading another person with the
+capital sin.
+
+_Abbess_.  Ah, dear sister, and how is that to be contrived?
+
+_Devil_.  I was once in our convent in almost a similar perplexity.  The
+good Sister Agatha here is my witness; and as she saw every thing, and
+assisted me, we may speak out before her.
+
+Faustus bowed with humility.
+
+_Devil_.  A nun who, by sinful wit, and yet more sinful beauty, had found
+favour among the great and powerful, was, by their assistance, on the
+point of rising above me.  Ah! I have felt how grievous are the thoughts
+of being forced to obey, after one has for a long time exercised
+boundless power.  Well, in the presence of Sister Agatha, I entered into
+a consultation with my relation the prebend: he is very knowing in
+affairs of conscience and crime, and understands to a hair's-breadth what
+is damnable and what is not.  This wise man gave me a piece of advice
+which helped me out of my trouble, and for which I shall always have
+reason to bless him.  I admit that the expedient at first appeared to me
+sinful; but he assured me, and proved to me out of the casuists, that a
+little fasting and penance would do away with all that was culpable in
+it.
+
+_Abbess_.  But the advice--the advice!
+
+_Devil_.  I am ashamed to tell it you aloud.
+
+_Abbess_.  Then whisper it into my ear.  What the Abbess of the Black
+Nuns could do without endangering her salvation, the Abbess of the White
+Nuns may do also.
+
+_Devil_ (_softly into her ear_).  He advised me to contrive so that this
+dangerous nun should commit the sin of * * *
+
+_Abbess_ (_crossing herself_).  Blessed Ursula!  Why, that is the work of
+the Devil, and leads directly to hell.
+
+_Devil_.  Ay, very true, but only the person who commits it; and I was
+not advising you to do it.  Remember, dear sister, you are not to be
+punished for all the sins which your nuns may choose to commit.
+
+_Abbess_.  But, in Heaven's name, how did you manage this dangerous
+affair without being discovered?
+
+_Devil_.  Oh, my situation was much more difficult than yours, for you
+are assisted by the report of the dream, which already fills the whole
+city.  Suppose, now, you were to let a man, dressed like the Dominican,
+slip into Clara's cell, and the signs of the sinful deed were afterwards
+to appear, would not the whole world say that it was a trick of the arch
+foe of mankind?  Let Satan have the credit of it, and do you remain
+sitting in your chair, adorned with that dignity which Heaven has been
+pleased to grant you.  I have given you this advice out of friendship,
+and for your good; you are now at liberty to do as you please.  At all
+events, I will send you some one to-night to personate the Dominican, and
+he will only have to return if you are too scrupulous.
+
+The abbess sat like one amazed, and in her confusion began to tell her
+Rosary: "_Ave Maria_.  It is certainly allying oneself to the Devil.
+Blessed Ursula, illumine my darkness."  She cast her eyes upon the image
+of the saint.  "It would certainly be a great scandal to the convent.
+_Ave Maria_.  But then it would be placed to Satan's account.  Perhaps,
+though, I might be damned for it.  _Pater noster_.  And am I now to
+become a servant in the cloister, and in my old days to be tormented by a
+superior, after I have so long tormented the nuns?  This little baggage
+has already afforded sufficient scandal to the whole town without this.
+Alas, when I have no longer authority to box the nuns about, how will
+this and that malignant creature revenge herself upon me!  _Ave Maria_.
+Well, I have made up my mind, and, for the good of the cloister, I will
+continue abbess the remainder of any days, cost what it will."
+
+The Devil applauded her, and the plan was soon arranged.  Upon going away
+the Devil said to Faustus:
+
+"Now, what have I done else than ask the pride of this old beldame
+whether it is better to risk eternal damnation, or to give up that
+tyrannical power over the poor nuns, which the hand of Death will soon
+deprive her of?"
+
+Whatever pleasure Faustus derived from the certainty that his desires
+would be gratified, he was nevertheless much displeased that the Devil
+should always be in the right.  That same evening the abbess herself
+introduced him, under the disguise of the Dominican, into Clara's cell
+while the nuns were at vespers.  Clara herself soon appeared, and after
+she had commended herself to St. Ursula, she laid herself down.  Her
+imagination, which had once been directed to a certain object, often
+repeated to her in dreams her former vision; and she lay in just such a
+transport, when Faustus approached her, and embodied the apparition, upon
+which Clara awoke, and still believed herself merely in a dream.  The
+abbess in the mean time did penance in her cell, and made a vow to fast
+every week for the good of her soul.  But the consequences of this night
+were horrible to poor Clara.
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+The next morning Faustus took leave of his family.  Few tears were shed;
+but his old father, in a mournful tone, gave him wholesome advice.
+
+As Faustus, with the Devil, rode over the bridge which leads across the
+Rhine, thinking of last night's adventure, and making comments upon the
+abbess, he saw afar off a man in the water, who seemed upon the point of
+drowning, and only feebly struggled against approaching death.  He
+commanded Leviathan to save the man.  The Devil answered, with a
+significant look:
+
+"Think well of what thou requirest; he is a youth, and perhaps it will be
+better for him and for thee that he ends his life here."
+
+_Faustus_.  Thou fiend, only ready for mischief, wouldst thou have me
+withstand the sacred feeling of nature?  Hasten and save him, I repeat.
+
+_Devil_.  Canst thou not swim thyself?  No.  Well, the consequences be
+thy reward; thou wilt repent of this.
+
+He rushed into the stream, and rescued the youth.  Faustus consoled
+himself with the idea of having, by this good act, atoned for the
+preceding night of sin; and Leviathan laughed at the consolation.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+
+The Devil now led Faustus through a series of adventures which were to
+serve as a prelude to the most afflicting vicissitudes.  What Faustus had
+hitherto seen had embittered his heart; but the scenes which now opened
+upon him by degrees so wounded his spirit, that his mind was unable
+either to support or remedy them; and only one of the worldly great, or,
+what is nearly synonymous, a worker and designer of human misery, could
+have witnessed them unmoved.
+
+The Devil and Faustus were riding in close conversation along the banks
+of the Fulda, when they saw beneath an oak-tree a countrywoman sitting
+with her children, appearing to be the lifeless image of agony and dumb
+despair.  Faustus, whom sorrow attracted as much as joy, went hurriedly
+up to her, and inquired the cause of her grief.  The woman gazed at him
+for some time, and it was not until his sympathising look had in some
+degree melted her frozen heart that she was able, amidst tears and
+sobbings, to explain herself in the following words:
+
+"In the whole world there are no beings so wretched as myself and these
+poor children.  My husband was indebted to the Prince-Bishop for three
+years' rent.  The first year he could not pay it, on account of the
+failure of his crops; during the second the Bishop's wild-boars grubbed
+up all his seed from the ground; and during the third his whole
+hunting-train galloped over our fields and destroyed our harvest.  As my
+husband had often been threatened by the steward with a distress, he
+intended to have gone this morning to Frankfort, to sell a fat calf and
+his last pair of oxen, and with the amount to have paid his rent.  But
+just as he was setting out the Bishop's clerk-of-the-kitchen came, and
+demanded the calf for his lordship's table.  My husband pleaded his
+poverty, and told him how unjust it would be to take away his calf, which
+would fetch a high price at Frankfort.  The clerk-of-the-kitchen
+answered, that no peasant had a right to carry any thing out of his
+master's domain.  The steward and his bailiffs then came, and instead of
+taking my husband's part, he drove off the oxen; the clerk-of-the-kitchen
+took the calf; the bailiffs turned me and my children out of house and
+home; and while they were pillaging and carrying off our goods, my
+husband went into the barn and out his throat in despair.  The poor
+wretch lies under that sheet, and we sit here to watch the body, so that
+it may not be devoured by the wild-beasts, for the priest has refused to
+bury it."
+
+She tore away the white sheet which had concealed the body, and fell to
+the ground.  Faustus started at the horrible sight, while tears gushed
+from his eyes, and he cried, "Man, man, is this thy lot?"  Then looking
+up to heaven, "Oh! didst thou create this unfortunate man merely that a
+servant of thy religion might drive him to despair and suicide?"  He cast
+the cloth over the body, flung the woman some gold, and said, "I will go
+to the Bishop and tell him your melancholy story.  I am certain that he
+will bury your husband, give you back your goods, and punish the
+villains."
+
+This circumstance made so strong an impression upon Faustus, that he and
+the Devil reached the Bishop's castle before he could collect himself.
+They were received with great civility, and shown into a spacious hall,
+where his reverence was at table.  The Prince-Bishop was a man in his
+best years, but so enormously corpulent that fat seemed to have
+overwhelmed his nerves, his heart, and his very soul.  He was only
+animated while eating; all his sense lay in his palate, and he never knew
+vexation, except when he was disappointed of a dish which he had ordered.
+His table was so well furnished, that Faustus, whom the Devil had often
+banqueted by means of his spirits, thought to himself that the Bishop
+surpassed the master of a thousand arts in his dinners.  In the middle of
+the table stood, amongst other dishes, a large calf's-head,--a favourite
+morsel with the Bishop.  He was engaged, both body and soul, in the
+feast, and had not yet spoken a single word, when suddenly Faustus
+exclaimed:
+
+"Gracious sir, do not take it ill of me if I spoil your appetite, but it
+is impossible for me to look on that calf's-head without telling you of a
+shocking affair which has this day occurred in the neighbourhood of your
+palace.  I hope, from your humanity and Christian mildness, that you will
+cause those aggrieved to be recompensed, and take care in future that
+your officers do not again outrage humanity, as they have done in this
+affair."
+
+The Bishop raised his eyes in wonder, looked at Faustus, and emptied his
+glass.
+
+Faustus related the story with warmth and feeling; none of those present,
+however, paid any attention to him, and the Bishop continued eating.
+Faustus then said: "I think I am speaking to a Bishop, a shepherd of his
+flock, and am standing among teachers and preachers of religion and
+Christian charity?  My lord, am I right or not?"
+
+The Bishop eyed him scornfully; then calling for the
+clerk-of-the-kitchen, he said: "What hubbub is this about a peasant who
+has been fool enough to cut his throat?"
+
+The clerk-of-the-kitchen laughed, told the story as Faustus had done, and
+added: "I took away his calf because it would grace your lordship's
+table, and was too good for the Frankfort burghers, to whom he wished to
+sell it.  The steward distrained his goods because he had always been a
+bad tenant, and for three years had not paid his rent.  Thus, my lord,
+does the case stand; and truly no peasant shall drive any thing good out
+of your demesne with my consent."
+
+_Bishop_.  Go; you are quite right.  (_To Faustus_)  What have you now to
+say? you see that he did his duty in taking the calf; or do you think
+that the Frankfort citizens ought to eat the fat calves of my land, and I
+the lean?
+
+Faustus was about to speak.
+
+_Bishop_.  Listen! eat, drink, and be silent.  You are the first person
+that has ever spoken of peasants and such rabble at my table.  Verily, if
+your dress did not declare you to be a gentleman, I should be inclined to
+think that you were sprung from beggars, since you speak so warmly in
+their favour.  Learn that the peasant who does not pay his rent does just
+as well in cutting his throat, as certain people would do in holding
+their tongues instead of spoiling my appetite with useless speeches.
+Clerk-of-the-kitchen, that is a noble calf's-head.
+
+_Clerk-of-the-kitchen_.  It is the head of Hans Ruprecht's calf.
+
+_Bishop_.  So, so!  Send it me here, and reach me the pepper.  I will cut
+myself a slice.  And you, Mr. What's-your-name, may as well take a piece
+with me.
+
+The clerk-of-the-kitchen placed the pepper-castor before the Bishop.
+Faustus whispered into the ear of the Devil; and at the moment the Bishop
+ran his knife into the calf's-head, the Devil changed it to the head of
+Hans Ruprecht, which, wild, horrible, and bloody, now stared the Bishop
+in the face.  His reverence let fall his knife, and sank back in a
+feinting fit; while the whole company sat in lifeless horror and
+stupefaction.
+
+_Faustus_.  My Lord Bishop, and ye most reverend gentlemen, learn from
+this to practise Christian charity as well as to preach it.
+
+He hurried away with the Devil.
+
+The _sang-froid_ of the Bishop and his table-companions, and the brutal
+manner in which he spoke of the fate of the unfortunate suicide, sowed
+the first seeds of gloomy horror in the breast of Faustus.  He revolved
+in his mind his former experience, as well as what he had seen since he
+had roamed about with the Devil, and perceived, whichever way he turned,
+nothing but hard-heartedness, deceit, tyranny, and a willingness to
+commit crime for the sake of gold, preferment, or luxury.  He wished to
+seek for the cause of all this in man himself; but his own unquiet and
+doubtful spirit, and his imagination, which always avoided difficulties
+within its reach, began already in dark dissatisfaction to make the
+Creator of mankind, if not the author, yet, by his sufferance of all
+these horrors, at least the accomplice.  These impious ideas only
+required the aid of a few more horrible scenes to derange his
+understanding entirely; and the Devil inwardly rejoiced in being able to
+afford a future opportunity for that purpose.  Faustus hoped soon to cure
+himself of this sadness at the court of the renowned prince, and his
+companion willingly left him in this delusion.  About evening they
+arrived at a city, at the entrance of which they perceived a crowd of
+people assembled round a tower, in which culprits condemned to death were
+accustomed to pass the last night of their lives.  Faustus, observing
+that the people were looking up to the ironed windows with the deepest
+sorrow, asked the cause of this assemblage.  Whereupon a hundred voices
+gave him an answer.
+
+"Dr. Robertus, our father, the friend of freedom, the protector of the
+people, the avenger of the oppressed, sits imprisoned in yonder tower.
+The cruel tyrannical Minister, once his friend, has now condemned him to
+death; and to-morrow he is to be executed, because he dared to uphold our
+privileges."
+
+These words sunk deep into the soul of Faustus.  He conceived a high
+opinion of a man who, at the risk of his own life, had dared to stand
+forward as the avenger of his fellow-creatures.  As he himself had just
+been a witness of the consequences of oppression, he commanded the Devil
+to carry him to this doctor.  The Devil took him aside, and then flew up
+with him into the tower, and entered the cell of the avenger of the
+people.  Faustus saw before him a man whose daring and gloomy physiognomy
+was truly disgusting.  But the romantic imagination of Faustus pictured,
+at first sight, the form of a great man, from what he had heard and from
+what he saw before him.  The doctor did not seem much surprised at their
+sudden appearance.  Faustus approached him, and said:
+
+"Doctor Robertus, I come to hear your story from your own mouth; not that
+I have any doubt, for your appearance confirms all that has been told me
+of you; I am now convinced that you fall a sacrifice to that tyranny
+which oppresses the race of man, and which I abhor as much as you do.  I
+come likewise to offer you my assistance, which, contrary to all
+appearances, can extricate you from this dreadful situation."
+
+The doctor looked coldly upon him, let his face sink into his hands, and
+replied:
+
+"Yes, I fall a victim to power and tyranny; and, what is most grievous to
+me, through the means of a false friend, who sacrifices me more to his
+fear and envy than to his despotic principles.  I know not who ye are,
+and whether ye can save me; but I wish that men of your appearance should
+know Dr. Robertus, who is to bleed to-morrow in the cause of freedom.
+From my earliest youth the noble spirit of independence, which man is
+bound to thank for every thing great that he is capable of, fired my
+breast; from my early youth the numerous examples of tyranny and
+oppression which I saw with my eyes, or read of in history, roused my
+soul and inflamed me to fury.  Often did I shed tears because I felt
+myself unable to avenge the sufferings of mankind.  To increase my
+misery, I read in the history of the Greeks and Romans what advancement
+man made in virtue when tyrants were put down, and he was left to follow
+the bent of his own nature.  Think not that I am one of those fools whose
+idea of freedom is that every one should do as he pleases.  Full well I
+know that the capacities of men are different, and that their situations
+in life must be different; but when I considered the laws which should
+secure to each individual his life and property, I found nothing but a
+wild chaos, which tyrannical power had artfully mixed up in order to make
+herself the sole and arbitrary mistress of the happiness and the
+existence of the subject.  After this discovery, the whole human race
+appeared to me as a flock of sheep, which a band of robbers had conspired
+to plunder and devour by means of laws enacted by themselves, and to
+which they themselves are not amenable: for where is the law that fetters
+the rulers of the earth?  Is it not madness that those very people who,
+by their situations, are most liable to the abuse of their passions, are
+subservient to no law, and acknowledge no tribunal which can call them to
+account?  Misery is near, and promised vengeance is far off; and that
+chimes-in but poorly with the feelings and nature of man."  Faustus
+earnestly listened to all this, looked furious, and struck his forehead
+with his hand.  The Devil was quite enraptured with the orator, who
+continued:
+
+"The wild indignation which I expressed at every new act of oppression
+does honour to my heart, and therefore I care very little though my
+enemies can reproach me for want of prudence; for what is termed prudence
+by the world is nothing else than blind submission, servility, flattery,
+and being unscrupulous how or in what manner a place is obtained; but an
+independent being like myself seeks for happiness by purer means.  I had
+the misfortune to be allied, by the bonds of friendship, to the present
+Minister from the time we were at school together.  He sought
+advancement, and he has the spirit which insures it; for, from his very
+infancy, he has endeavoured to obtain power and riches by principles
+entirely opposite to mine; and in proportion as I have attacked
+tyrannical forms of government, he has defended them.  We have disputed
+this delicate point privately and in public, and my honesty has always
+enabled me to defeat him; but as it was natural that I should have the
+oppressed part of mankind on my side, so was it yet more reasonable that
+he should succeed in winning over all those who derive advantage from
+enslaving their fellow-men.  As these are the very people who can open
+the door of happiness and fortune to their confederates, so was he soon
+distinguished and raised, step by step, to the rank of prime-minister of
+the kingdom; whilst I, neglected, despised, and unknown, remained
+stationary.  The proud despot exerted his utmost to bring me over to his
+party by bribery and promise of place; but I saw that he only wished to
+make me thereby more deeply feel his power, and that he felt nothing more
+was wanting to complete his triumph than to have a man of my principles
+acknowledge him as patron, and sanctify his arbitrary measures by
+cooperating with him.  True, therefore, to myself, I the more eagerly
+exposed and censured the crimes which he was daily committing.  You must
+be aware that if he had been capable of feeling what was great, this
+hostility would have inspired him with admiration for a man who took him
+to task with so much danger to himself; but it operated in a different
+manner.  The more I exposed him, the more his hatred against me
+increased; and when I, a month ago, published a paper in which I depicted
+him in his true colours, and the people thereupon assembled round his
+house, threatened his life, and shouted my name with enthusiasm, the
+wretch had the baseness to send the paper forthwith to the Prince, who
+had me tried and condemned to death.  Thus the laws of tyrants condemn
+me, but the rights of man acquit me.--I have now told you my history, and
+you shall hear nothing more from me.  I die without a murmur, and merely
+grieve that I cannot burst the chain which fetters my fellow-men.  If you
+can assist me, good; but know that death from the hand of my foe is more
+welcome to me than mercy.  Leave me now to myself; return to slavery,
+while I wing my course to everlasting freedom."
+
+Faustus was confounded at the magnanimity of the Doctor, and hurried away
+to reproach the minister with his injustice, and put him to shame.  The
+Devil, who saw deeper into matters, perceived that the Doctor was
+animated with quite a different spirit than that of freedom.  The
+minister gave them an immediate audience; when Faustus spoke to him with
+much warmth and boldness concerning the situation and opinions of the
+Doctor.  He represented to him how injurious it would be to his
+reputation to sacrifice a man, whom he once called friend, at the shrine
+of despotism.  He gave him to understand that every man would believe
+that revenge and fear had actuated him to get rid of so sharp-sighted an
+observer of his actions.  "If your proceedings be just," he continued,
+"you have, then, nothing to fear from him; if, on the contrary, you are
+such a man as he declares you to be, his execution will only strengthen
+his assertion, and every honest man will call you a false friend and an
+oppressor of your fellow-citizens."
+
+_Minister_.  I do not know you, nor do I ask who you are.  The manner in
+which I bear your reproaches and your epithets will best prove my opinion
+of you.  Consider, now, whether you have a right to bestow them from mere
+hearsay, being yourself unacquainted with the affairs of this country.  I
+will conclude, however, that you speak from compassion, and therefore
+will give you an answer.  I was, and am still, the friend of Dr.
+Robertus; and I deplore the necessity which forces me to deliver up to
+justice a man whose talents might have made him useful to his country,
+had he not perverted them to her destruction.  I will not search for the
+cause of this in his breast, but will leave it to his own conscience.
+For a long time I have tolerated his dangerous infatuation; but since he
+has inflamed the minds of the people for whose welfare I am answerable,
+and has placed himself at the head of a rebellion, he must die, as my own
+son must, were he guilty of the like offence.  The law has judged him,
+and not I; he knew this law, and knew what penalties rebellion draws down
+upon its sons.  I have nothing to say against the opinion of the people:
+when they are no longer misled, I believe they will consider me as their
+father.  If you please, you may stay among us; and whenever you can see
+any thing really calculated for the people's good, be assured that I
+shall always pay attention to it.
+
+After these words, which he spoke in a firm and unaltered tone, he
+retired, and left Faustus, who was unable at the moment to make any
+reply.  Upon going away, the latter said to the Devil, "Which of these
+two, now, shall I believe?"  The Devil shrugged his shoulders; for he
+generally appeared to be ignorant when concealing the truth would be
+profitable to himself and injurious to mankind.
+
+_Faustus_.  But why should I ask thee?  I will obey the call of my own
+heart.  A man who is so nearly allied to me by his way of thinking shall
+not die.
+
+If Faustus had been acquainted with some of our modern bawlers for
+freedom, he would not have been so mistaken in the Doctor; but such a
+being was a novelty at that period.
+
+The next morning, when the execution was to take place, Faustus went into
+the grand square, attended by the Devil, and told him in going along what
+he was to do.  At the very moment the executioner was about to decapitate
+the Doctor, who had kneeled down, looking very ghastly, the latter
+disappeared.  The Devil carried him through the air beyond the frontiers;
+and there, delivering him a large sum of money, he abandoned him joyfully
+to his fate, for he saw pretty clearly how he would employ his gold and
+liberty.  The people raised a wild shout of joy at the disappearance of
+the Doctor, and believed that Providence had rescued their favourite.
+Faustus also shouted, and rejoiced at the glorious action.
+
+Faustus and the Devil now rode to the court of the Prince of ---. {134}
+They soon reached the court of this prince, who was cried up through all
+Germany as a wise and virtuous ruler, whose only happiness consisted in
+the welfare of his subjects.  It is true that the subjects themselves did
+not always join in this cry; but the prince is not yet born who can give
+satisfaction to all men.
+
+Faustus and the Devil, by means of their dress and equipage, soon found
+admittance at court.  Faustus regarded the Prince with the eyes of a man
+whose heart was already prepossessed in his favour; and to carry this
+prepossession even to conviction, nothing more was necessary than the
+noble exterior of the Prince himself.  He was, or appeared to be, frank
+and open; endeavoured to please and to win all hearts without appearing
+to do so; was familiar without laying aside his dignity, and possessed
+that prudent coldness which inspires respect, though we scarcely know
+why.  All this was blended with so much elegance, urbanity, and decorum,
+that it would have been difficult for the most acute eye to have
+distinguished the acquired, the artificial, and the assumed, from the
+plain and natural.  Faustus, who had as yet seen few of those men of the
+world whose natural characters are swallowed up by political prudence,
+formed an ideal one out of the above-mentioned materials; and after he
+had for some time visited the court, and believed that he had obtained a
+thorough knowledge of the head personage, the following conversation took
+place one evening between him and the Devil:
+
+_Faustus_.  I have hitherto purposely said nothing to you of this Prince;
+but now, having, as I flatter myself, caught his character, I venture to
+affirm that report is no liar, and I hope to wring from thee an avowal
+that he is the man we have been seeking.
+
+_Devil_.  I guessed, from your beginning, how you would end.  I suppose
+you verily believe that you have brought the Devil into a quandary; but
+of this anon.  Your prince shall be for the present a thoroughly honest
+fellow.  I will tell you nothing of the result of the observations I have
+made upon him; for, from what I have learnt at the minister's, there is
+something going forward which will soon give you ocular demonstration of
+his worth; till then keep the idea you have formed of him in your bosom,
+and tell me what is your opinion of Count C., his favourite.
+
+_Faustus_.  Curse it: he is the only person here whom I cannot
+comprehend.  He is the bosom friend of the Prince, and yet is as slippery
+as an eel, which always escapes through your fingers; and as smooth as a
+woman is towards her husband when she has resolved to deceive him.  But
+perhaps he is obliged to conceal the emotions of his soul, lest some of
+those spies who are always hanging round the favourites of princes should
+take advantage of him.
+
+_Devil_.  His soul!  Dost think then, Faustus, that a man who so
+studiously endeavours to disguise himself has a breast that would bear
+the light?  Never trust him in whom art and subtlety have so far overcome
+animal nature, that even the signs of his instinct and his sensations are
+extinguished.  When that which works and ferments within you shows itself
+no more in your face, in your eyes, and in your actions, you are no
+longer what nature formed you; but are become the most dangerous brutes
+on the earth.
+
+_Faustus_.  And is the Count such a being as you have described?
+
+_Devil_.  The Count is a man who has travelled much and has made the tour
+of the courts of Europe, has smoothed down the rugged man, and has
+sacrificed the noble feelings of his heart at the cold shrine of reason;
+in short, one of those calculating heads who laugh at your ideal virtue,
+and act with men like the potters, who dash the work of their hands to
+pieces if it does not please their fancy.  He is one of those who think
+themselves justified, by their experience, to consider the entire race of
+men as a pack of wolves who will devour all who put confidence in them.
+Nothing delights him more than to carry on an intricate state-plot; and
+he treats a maiden as he does a rose which he plucks from the
+stalk,--inhales the sweetness, and then very coolly treads it under foot.
+
+_Faustus_.  Malicious devil! and can the man thou hast depicted to me be
+the bosom friend of the Prince of ---?
+
+_Devil_.  Time will show what he is to him.  I tell thee there is
+something going forward.  Didst thou, by the by, observe the minister
+this evening?
+
+_Faustus_.  He appeared sad and melancholy.
+
+_Devil_.  He, now, is one of those whom you call honest men.  He is just,
+noble-minded, and attentive to the duties of his situation; but, like all
+of you, he has a foible to counterbalance his virtues; this is an
+unbounded tenderness for the other sex: and as he, out of principle,
+required the blessing of the priest to his pleasures, so did he, after
+the death of his first wife, make a fool of himself by marrying the woman
+whom you have seen.  Through a few hours' enjoyment he destroyed the
+fabric of his fortune.  She took advantage of his doting fondness, and
+wasted in luxury, dress, and play, her, his, and his children's property,
+and involved him in debts to an immense amount.  It is true she found in
+Baron H., whom you know, and who is sole master in the house, a powerful
+coadjutor.  When they were completely aground, and their desires had
+become more craving in proportion as the difficulty of gratifying them
+increased, the lady readily agreed to a plan which her minion proposed to
+her in private, and which was nothing else "than to sell the honour of
+her stepdaughter, under an equivocal promise of marriage, at as high a
+price as the favourite would buy it."  The minister had not the slightest
+suspicion of all this; he only felt his lack of money, the weight of his
+debts, the full mass of his folly, and trembled in momentary expectation
+of the arrival of his son, whom the wife had driven from home in order
+that she might dissipate his property.  The poor youth had in the
+interval departed for the Turkish wars, and had been rewarded for his
+interference with a wooden arm.  I do not say that the favourite might
+not have had, at the commencement of this affair, serious views of
+marrying the daughter, for he was well aware of the father's interest
+with the Prince; but during these last few days the scene has quite
+changed.  The Prince has proposed to him an alliance with one of the
+richest heiresses in the land; and he has determined, by one secret
+stroke, so entirely to overwhelm the minister and his whole house, that
+no one shall dare to cry for revenge or to complain of him.  They will
+all be silent, and the minister will be crushed beneath his foot, like
+the worm, whose sufferings are unheard.
+
+_Faustus_.  But will not the Prince hear of this deed, and punish it?
+
+_Devil_.  Thine own eyes shall be witnesses of the issue of the affair.
+
+_Faustus_.  I command thee, under pain of my displeasure, to play none of
+thy tricks here.
+
+_Devil_.  Those who by their crimes put the Devil himself to blush, have
+very little need of his assistance.  We begin now, O Faustus, to remove
+the covering from the hearts of men; and I own that I feel sincere joy in
+finding that the Germans are capable of something grand.  You, indeed,
+are merely the imitators of other nations, and lose thereby the glory of
+originality; but in hell that is not esteemed essential, and good-will in
+the cause of wickedness is all that is required.
+
+Faustus passed his time gaily among the women of the court, corrupting
+all those who were to be obtained by money or a fine face; whilst the
+drama of the favourite was rapidly hastening to a conclusion.  He now
+revealed his finely-spun design to Baron H.  The latter was to be the
+instrument of it; and as the glitter of gold was no longer at hand to
+sharpen his palled passion for the minister's wife, and as the tears of
+the unfortunate daughter, the misery of the father, and the expected
+arrival of the crippled son, began to bear heavily upon his tender
+conscience, he determined at once to free himself of all these burdens.
+His reward consisted in the Count's undertaking to persuade the Prince to
+send the Baron on an important mission to the imperial court.  In
+consideration of this, the Baron was to procure the wife of the minister
+to purloin secretly, from the cabinet of her husband, a certain
+parchment, considered to be one of the most important title-deeds of the
+princely house; and which the favourite was well aware would shortly be
+called for, on account of a certain law-suit with another illustrious
+family.  The Count then hoped to make it appear that the minister, for a
+sum of money, would have delivered it into the hands of the adversaries,
+if the favourite's watchfulness had not detected his treachery.  The
+spouse of the minister, who thought that an old man who could no longer
+supply her with gold for her follies deserved no mercy, readily delivered
+the paper into the hands of the Baron, for whom she had the most doting
+fondness.
+
+The minister was walking, in a melancholy manner, up and down his
+apartment.  The sense of approaching shame, and the certainty of deceived
+love, had removed from him even his daughter, who latterly had been his
+only consolation.  She was weeping in her chamber, and breaking a heart
+worthy of a better destiny.  The minister's meditations were interrupted
+by his wife, who now came to reproach him, and thereby add to his misery.
+Baron H. presently entered, and coolly demanded the commission, by virtue
+of which he was to act at the imperial court.  As he brought with him the
+Prince's order for the same, the minister instantly went into his cabinet
+to fetch it.  In the mean time the lady, who now first heard of the
+Baron's intended departure, began to rave at him in the agony of despair.
+No sooner did the minister return with the Baron's commission than a
+messenger brought him a note from the Prince, in which he was commanded
+instantly to bring the title-deed into court in order that it might be
+laid before the envoy of the adverse party.  The minister searched the
+cabinet, emptied all his drawers of their contents, and the cold sweat of
+death began to trickle down his face.  He questioned his secretaries and
+clerks, his wife also, and his daughter; but to no purpose.  At length he
+was obliged to resolve, fortified as he was by his innocence, to expose
+himself to the dreadful storm.  He hastened to the Prince, who was
+sitting alone with the Count, informed him of his misfortune, assured him
+of his innocence, and submitted to his destiny.  The Count allowed the
+Prince to give way to his first indignation at this unwelcome
+intelligence, when, advancing very coolly, he took the title-deed out of
+his own pocket, and delivered it to the Prince with a low bow.  He then
+suffered himself to be closely questioned as to the means by which the
+deed came into his possession; but not until the Prince had threatened
+him with his displeasure did he confess, with the greatest apparent
+reluctance, the process of the affair according to his concerted plan.
+The minister was dumb; this evidence of his guilt so confused him, that
+not even the consciousness of his innocence could dispel the darkness
+which had come over him.  The Prince looked furiously upon him, and said:
+"I ought long since to have expected that you would endeavour to pay the
+debts of your waste and extravagance by betraying me."  This last
+reproach in some degree restored the wretched man to his senses; he was
+about to speak, but the Prince commanded him to be silent, to resign his
+situation immediately, go home, and not leave his house till sentence
+should have been pronounced upon him.
+
+The minister accordingly went home, while big tears rolled down his
+cheeks.  Despair forced from the daughter the secret of her shame, and
+from the wife the avowal of her crime.  The strength of his spirit gave
+way, his senses became confused, and that most frightful of all
+visitations, insanity, drew a gloomy veil over the remembrance of the
+past, and, by the ruin of his mind, healed his heart of the wounds which
+his nearest and dearest had inflicted upon it.
+
+It was at this moment that the Devil led Faustus into the chamber of the
+minister, having previously informed him of every particular of the
+affair.  All the fibres of feeling were not yet entirely destroyed, and
+some few drops of paternal sensibility were yet falling from the eyes of
+the good old man upon the miserable daughter who was clasping his knees.
+He smiled once more, played with her dishevelled locks, and smiled yet
+again.  Suddenly his son rushed in, and was about to precipitate himself
+into his embrace.  The father gave him a ghastly look; a wild shriek of
+madness, which thrilled through the nerves of every one present, burst
+from his heaving breast; and the poor sufferer became for ever an object
+of horror and painful compassion.
+
+Faustus raged, and uttered the most frightful curses.  He instantly
+determined to inform the Prince of the whole proceeding, and to unmask
+the traitors.  The Devil smiled, and advised him to go softly to work if
+he wished thoroughly to know this Prince whom he boasted of as an
+impersonation of all human virtues.  Faustus hastened to court; and
+certain, as he imagined, of being able to cause the ruin of the favourite
+by this discovery, he coolly communicated every thing to the Prince.
+When he came to the motive which urged the Count to this horrible action,
+namely, his wish to free himself from his engagements with the daughter
+of the minister, the countenance of the Prince brightened; he sent for
+the Count, and embracing him on his entrance, said:
+
+"Happy is the Prince who finds a friend who, out of obedience and the
+fear of displeasing him, dares commit an action which the common rules of
+morality condemn.  The minister has always acted like a fool.  I am glad
+that we have thus got rid of him.  Thou wilt fill his situation much
+better."
+
+Faustus stood for a moment petrified with horror.  Noble warmth soon,
+however, began to fire his breast.  He depicted in frightful colours the
+present situation of the minister.  He then burst into fury and
+reproaches, and, without the least reserve or fear, spoke like an avenger
+of humanity when unmasking a cold-blooded, hypocritical tyrant.  He was
+turned out of the palace as a madman.  He returned home, and the Devil
+received him with a triumphant air.  Faustus said nothing, but gnashed
+his teeth, and, in his venomous wrath, rejoiced that he was entirely
+separated from the race of man.
+
+About midnight the Count caused the Devil and Faustus to be arrested, and
+cast into a frightful dungeon.  Faustus commanded the fiend to submit
+quietly, because he wished to see how far these hypocrites would carry
+their wickedness.  When in prison, the dreadful scene of the day flitted
+before his mind's eye in colours of tenfold horror; and wild thoughts
+against Him who rules the destiny of man arose from the contemplation of
+it.  His soul became inflamed; and at length he exclaimed, with scornful
+laughter:
+
+"Where is here the finger of the Godhead, and where is that Providence
+which presides over the path of the righteous?  I see the just man
+insane, and the wretch who drove him to madness rewarded; I disclosed to
+the tyrant, who affects virtue, the wickedness of his favourite, and he
+found him only so much the more worthy of his friendship and favour.  If
+this be the order and harmony of the moral world, then there is harmony
+and order in the brain of the poor lunatic, who is suffered to fall
+unprotected and unrevenged."
+
+He continued, while the Devil listened and laughed: "But allowing that
+man is obliged, by necessity, to do every thing he does, then must his
+deeds and his actions be ascribed to the Supreme Being, and they thereby
+cease to be punishable.  If nothing but what is good and perfect can flow
+from a Perfect Being, then are our deeds, horrible as they seem to us,
+good and perfect.  If they are wicked, and in reality what they seem to
+us, then ought that Being to be looked up to with horror and aversion.
+Come, fiend, resolve my doubts, and tell me what causes the moral misery
+of man."
+
+_Devil_.  A truce to your doubts! no one clothed in flesh is permitted to
+untie that knot, and _therefore_ _a thousand fools will hang_, _drown_,
+_and destroy themselves_.  Do not, O Faustus, forget the end which we
+proposed to ourselves at our first interview.  I promised to show thee
+men in their nakedness, in order to cure thee of the prejudices thou
+hadst imbibed from thy books, so that they might not disturb thee in the
+enjoyment of life.  But when thou hast rid thyself of all these human
+frailties, and hast discovered that the pretended guidance of the Eternal
+One whom thou hast renounced on my account, and before whose sight thou
+mayst commit, undeterred, the most horrible atrocities, is only a
+delusion, perhaps thy soul will then have sufficient strength to
+understand these horrible mysteries; and, if so, I will reveal them to
+thee.
+
+_Faustus_.  Then, by the mysteries of evil which surround men from their
+birth to their grave, I shall yet be the greatest of my race; for, in
+summoning thee, I shall have threaded the labyrinth in which the rest
+must grope about to all eternity.
+
+_Devil_.  It is well that the rest of men do not possess the magic art
+which has enabled thee to render me thy subject, else would hell soon be
+emptied; and thou wouldst see more devils walking upon the earth than
+there are saints in the Calendar.  Heigh ho!  I know what a troublesome
+life a devil has who is forced to put in execution all the designs of an
+honest heart and a sound head: what, then, would become of us, if every
+rascal and fool could call us out of hell!
+
+This observation of the Devil's was on the point of putting Faustus into
+a better humour; but his attention was almost immediately directed to
+another subject.  Six armed men, with dark lanterns, followed by two
+executioners with empty sacks, now entered the dungeon.  Faustus asked
+them what they wanted; and the leader answered, with great politeness:
+"We are merely come, sir, to request you and your honourable companion to
+creep into these sacks; for we are ordered to tie you up in them, and
+then fling you into the neighbouring stream."  The Devil laughed aloud,
+and exclaimed: "See, Faustus, the Prince of --- wishes to cool in you
+that enthusiasm for virtue which you displayed so warmly before him
+to-day."  Faustus looked furiously, and gave a sign: a fiendish roar
+instantly filled the arched vaults; the soldiers and executioners sunk
+trembling to the ground, and out flew the prisoners on the wings of the
+mighty wind.
+
+Revenge now inflamed the breast of Faustus, and arrayed itself in the
+brilliant hues of a great and noble call.  The idea of avenging mankind
+on its oppressors rushed through his brain, and he determined to employ
+the power of the Devil in clearing the earth of hypocrites and villains.
+He therefore exclaimed:
+
+"Fly this moment to the palace, and strangle the wretch who makes a game
+of virtue.  Annihilate him who rewards the traitor, and knowingly treads
+upon the righteous man.  Avenge mankind on him, in my name."
+
+_Devil_.  Faustus, thou art forestalling the vengeance of the Avenger.
+
+_Faustus_.  His vengeance sleeps, and the righteous man suffers; I will
+have him destroyed who wears only the mask of virtue.
+
+_Devil_.  Bid me, then, breathe pestilence and death over the whole
+earth, so that the whole race of man may perish.  I tell thee, Faustus,
+thou art giving thyself useless trouble, and sending wretches down to
+hell in vain; for things will still go on as they did, or perhaps worse.
+
+_Faustus_.  Crafty fiend, thou wouldst willingly save him in order that
+he might commit more crimes.  Princes like him do indeed deserve thy
+protection, for they render virtue contemptible by rewarding villany.
+Die he shall, and, loaded with his last deed, sink trembling into
+damnation.
+
+_Devil_.  Know, thou fool, that the Devil rejoices over the death of a
+sinner; and what I said was merely to secure myself from thy future
+reproaches, and that thou mightest have no excuse remaining.  The
+consequences of this deed be thine.
+
+_Faustus_.  Yes, be they mine.  I will lay them in the scale against my
+sins.  Hasten, and be firm.  Be thou the arrow of my vengeance.  Seize
+the favourite and hurl him among the sands of burning Libya, so that he
+may perish by inches.
+
+_Devil_.  Only private revenge, and spite in finding thyself deceived,
+drive thee to this.
+
+_Faustus_.  Babbling fiend!  It is a solitary remnant of what you call my
+youthful prejudices which inspires me with angry thoughts at the sight of
+any atrocious act.  If I could have seen and tolerated the wickedness of
+men, should I have wanted thee?  Hasten and obey.
+
+The Devil suffocated the Prince on his magnificent couch, then seized the
+trembling favourite and hurled him among the burning sands of Libya.  He
+then returned to Faustus, and cried, "The deed is done!"  They once more
+mounted the rapid winds, and sailed out of the country.
+
+Faustus sat, melancholy, upon his horse; for, after they had passed the
+frontiers, the Devil had changed their method of travelling.  The history
+of the minister still gnawed his heart, and he was stung to the quick at
+being obliged to acknowledge that the Devil had as yet been right in
+respect to men; and the bitterness of his spirit increased in proportion
+as they displayed themselves to him in their true colours.  Yet the idea
+of having avenged the unfortunate minister upon the hypocrites cheered
+him in the midst of his gloomy sorrows.  Pride by degrees so inflated his
+heart, that he almost began to consider his alliance with the Devil as
+the act of a man who yields up his soul for the good of his race, and
+thereby surpasses all the heroes of antiquity, who merely sacrificed
+their temporal existence; nay more, for as they sacrificed themselves for
+the sake of glory, or for a recompense,--which he, on account of his
+engagement, could entertain no hopes of,--so at last he imagined that
+they were not worthy to stand for a moment in comparison with him.  Thus,
+place men in whatever situation you will, they soon begin to feel happy,
+provided their self-love has an opportunity of working; for self-love can
+even gild the yawning gulf of hell, as in the case of Faustus.  He
+forgot, in his pride, the motives of his alliance with the Devil, and his
+thirst for pleasure and enjoyment; and while he sat upon his horse, his
+imagination dubbed him the knight-errant of virtue and the champion of
+innocence.  The Devil rode by his side without once disturbing his
+meditations; for he only saw in each of these would-be noble feelings the
+sources of future torment and despair.  His hatred of Faustus, however,
+increased in proportion as the ideal prospects of the latter brightened
+and expanded; he enjoyed, in anticipation, the hour when all these airy
+visions would melt and disappear, and all these painted images of fancy
+would deck themselves in the livery of hell, and tear the rash one's
+heart as the heart of mortal had never yet been torn.  After a long
+silence, Faustus suddenly exclaimed: "Tell me how it fares with the false
+favourite."
+
+_Devil_.  He pants upon the scorched sands, and stretches his parched
+tongue from out his burning jaws, that the air and dew may refresh and
+moisten it; but no cooling wind blows there, and for a millennium there
+will fall no refreshing drop from heaven.  His blood boils like molten
+metal in his veins, and the rays of the sun fall perpendicularly upon his
+bare head.  Already is a curse against the Almighty conceived in his
+inflamed brain, but his tongue is unable to stammer it forth.  He turns
+up the hot sand like a mole, in order that he may suck the damp earth;
+but thus he only digs his own grave.  Is thy revenge satisfied?
+
+_Faustus_.  Revenge!  Why dost thou call the exercise of justice revenge?
+Here am I shedding cold drops of sweat through my skin at what thou hast
+been telling me; but I saw him laugh when I described to him and his
+patron the sufferings of the noble father and the ruined daughter.
+
+_Devil_.  Time, which slowly draws up the curtain, will at length
+disclose every thing.  If the villanies of a petty despot and his
+catamite horrify thee, what wilt thou think when thou seest men who have
+a thousand times more power, and consequently will, to commit evil?  We
+have, as yet, only removed the first skin of the monster: what will
+become of thee when we tear open his breast?  Soon would He, to whom
+vengeance properly belongs, empty the magazine of his thunder, were he to
+destroy all those who, according to thy opinion, do not deserve to live.
+
+Faustus was about to reply, when he saw afar off a village in a blaze.
+As every thing uncommon excited his curiosity, he spurred forward his
+horse, and the Devil followed at his heels.  He was soon met by a
+confused rout of knights and attendants, who had been vanquished by
+another party, which, however, did not pursue them.  When they came
+nearer to the village, they found the plain strewed with the bodies of
+men and horses.  They saw among the dead a miserable wretch, who, with
+both his hands, was endeavouring to force back his entrails, which were
+hanging out of his mangled belly.  He howled and cursed frightfully
+during this horrid operation.  Faustus asked him the cause of all this
+bloodshed.  The fellow screamed, "Get to the Devil, Mr. Curiosity; if you
+saw your inside outmost, as I see mine, you would have no wish to answer
+questions.  If you want to know why they have served me thus, inquire of
+that noble gentleman, my master, who lies there dead, and whom I have to
+thank for this treatment."
+
+They left him, and approached a knight who was wounded in the shoulder,
+and Faustus put the same question to him.  The knight answered: "A boor
+belonging to yon burning village killed, some time ago, a stag, the
+property of the mighty Wildgrave.  Thereupon the Wildgrave demanded the
+culprit of my master, in order that he might be tied upon the back of a
+stag and run to death, according to the German custom.  My master refused
+to give up the boor; but in order to punish him, seized every thing he
+possessed, and confiscated it to his own use.  The Wildgrave then sent a
+letter of defiance to my lord, in the name of Heaven, and with the
+permission of the emperor.  We were worsted in the battle, and the
+Wildgrave has set fire to the village, which he has surrounded with his
+horsemen, so that the inhabitants cannot escape; for he intends to fulfil
+the oath which he swore, viz. to roast all the peasants, like Michaelmas
+geese, for his hounds and wild-boars."
+
+_Faustus_ (_furiously_).  Where is his castle?
+
+_Knight_.  On yonder eminence; it is the strongest and most magnificent
+castle in the whole country.
+
+Faustus rode to the top of a hill, and looked down upon the burning
+village, which lay beneath him in the valley.  Mothers with children in
+their arms, old men, youths, and maidens rushed out, cast themselves at
+the feet of the horsemen, and begged for mercy.  The Wildgrave shouted
+till the valley reechoed, "Drive the rabble back; they shall perish in
+the flames!"  The peasants screamed out, again and again: "We are
+innocent! we are innocent!  He who offended you has escaped.  What have
+we and our children done?  Ah, spare but them!"  The horsemen whipped
+them up from the ground, and drove them into the fire.  The poor mothers
+flung down their babes, in the hope that they would pity them; but the
+hoofs of the horses trampled them to death.
+
+Faustus cried deliriously: "Fly, Devil, and return not till thou hast
+consumed the tyrant's castle, and all that is therein.  When he returns
+home, let him find retribution."
+
+The Devil laughed, shook his head, and flew away; whilst Faustus flung
+himself down beneath a tree, and gazed impatiently upon the castle.  When
+he beheld it in flames, the madman imagined that he had restored all
+things to their right order, and received the Devil on his return with
+the utmost joy.  The latter came back in triumph, and boasted of the ruin
+he had caused; and, pointing to the Wildgrave and his myrmidon, who were
+scampering towards the castle, he exclaimed: "The vapours of the hellish
+pool will not, one day, strike him with such horror, O Faustus, as this
+thy deed: his young and beloved wife was a few days ago delivered of her
+firstborn."
+
+_Faustus_.  Oh, save her and the new-born babe!
+
+_Devil_.  It is too late.  The mother pressed the boy in her arms, and he
+was burnt to ashes upon her bosom.
+
+This episode made Faustus shudder, and he exclaimed, "How ready is the
+Devil to destroy!"
+
+_Devil_.  Not so ready as daring men are to decide and punish.  Had ye
+but our might, ye would long ago have shattered the vast globe, and
+reduced it to a chaos.  Are you not a proof of this yourself, since you
+so madly abuse the power which you have over me?  Go to; go to.  The man
+who does not bridle himself resembles the wheel which rolls down the
+steep: who can stop its course?  It springs from rock to rock till it is
+shivered.  Faustus, I would willingly have permitted the babe to grow up
+and commit sin; for I am now deprived both of him and his mother.  Yes,
+Faustus; she endeavoured to preserve him from the scorching flames with
+her arms, the flesh of which was already frightfully burnt.
+
+_Faustus_.  Thou drivest it home to my very heart.  (_Hiding his face in
+his mantle_, _already wet with his tears_.)
+
+The desire of avenging the virtuous and the innocent upon the wicked now
+began to cool in the heart of Faustus.  He however comforted his spirit,
+tormented by the last spectacle, with the thought of the mother and the
+suckling being preserved from hell.  Besides this, his hot blood, his
+eagerness for pleasure, his desire for change, and finally his doubts,
+did not permit any sensation to make a lasting impression upon his heart.
+As he was attracted by every new object, his feelings, therefore, burnt
+like sky-rockets, which for a moment illumine the darkness of the night,
+and then suddenly disappear.  The rich meal and the delicious wines which
+he enjoyed in the next city where they arrived soon chased away his
+melancholy fancies; and as the grand fair was being held there at that
+time, Faustus and the Devil, after they had dined, went into the
+market-place to see the crowd.
+
+They now found themselves in a strange city.  There lived in one of the
+convents a young monk, who had, by means of a heated imagination,
+succeeded in so powerfully convincing himself of the force of religious
+faith, that he believed he should be able to remove mountains, and to
+prove himself a new apostle in deeds and miracles, if once his soul
+received the true inspiration, and the Holy Spirit worked its way through
+him.  Besides this, he imbibed all the follies and quackeries which
+others had rejected,--a circumstance in which visionaries entirely differ
+from philosophers.  The young monk, like every theorist who is inspired
+with the importance of his subject, was a fiery orator; he thereby soon
+won over the minds of the simple, especially of the women, who were
+easily caught by any warm and impassioned appeal.  His imagination,
+however, quickly formed for him another magic wand; for as he, on account
+of his alliance with the highest of all beings, had a lofty opinion of
+man, he formed the design of physiognomically dissecting the masterpiece
+of creation, this favourite of heaven, and of allotting to him his
+interior qualities by means of his exterior appearance.  Men of his
+character so frequently deceive themselves, that it is impossible to say
+whether some remaining spark of understanding had whispered to him that
+this new delusion would give a fresh polish to the old one; and that more
+pious souls would come to him than ever, in order to be told so many
+wondrous things about their faces.  As he had only seen the four walls of
+his cell, his penitents, and people of his own cast, and as he was as
+ignorant in regard to mankind, the world, and true science, as men of
+sanguine imaginations usually are,--it may be concluded that fancy alone
+excited him to this scheme.  His words and his writings operated
+prodigiously upon the minds of all those who would much rather be
+confused than think clearly.  This is the case with the greater part of
+mankind; and, as the hours of life glide away very pleasantly when
+self-love is tickled, it was impossible that he should be without
+disciples, for he flattered every body.  Our monk did not confine his
+researches to man alone; for he descended to the more ignoble beasts of
+the earth, allotted to them their qualities by examining their faces and
+the structure of their bodies, and imagined that he had made a wonderful
+discovery when he proved--from the mighty claws, the teeth, and the
+aspect of the lion, and from the tender, light fabric of the hare--why
+the lion was not a hare, and the hare a lion.  He was strangely surprised
+that he had succeeded in pointing out so clearly the appropriate and
+unalterable signs of brute nature, and to be able to apply them to
+man,--although society has so much accustomed the latter to mask his
+features, that they are rarely to be seen in their primitive state.  Not
+satisfied with these triumphs, our monk descended even into the kingdoms
+of the dead--tore skulls from the graves, and the bones of animals from
+the muck-heaps; and showed his visitors why the dead were dead, and, from
+their bones, how it was impossible that they should be otherwise than
+dead.  In a word, he proved, clearly and unanswerably, that death never
+yet came without a cause.
+
+The Devil was well aware of the general infatuation, and perceived that,
+while he and Faustus sat at dinner in the public room, some of the
+company, and even the innkeeper himself, were surveying them with the
+utmost attention; and were communicating to each other, in whispers, the
+result of their observations, and showing the profiles which they had
+secretly taken.  The fame of the wonderful monk had long since reached
+the ears of Faustus; but he had hitherto paid so little attention to it,
+that he now hardly knew what to make of these signs and whisperings.
+When they arrived in the market-place, they were surprised by a new and
+extraordinary spectacle.  This resort was the true school for
+physiognomists.  Every one there could single out his man, lay his visage
+upon the balance, and weigh out the powers of his mind.  Some stood
+gazing at horses, asses, goats, swine, dogs, and sheep.  Others held
+between their fingers spiders, butterflies, grasshoppers, and other
+insects, and endeavoured to ascertain what their instinct might be from
+an attentive survey of their exterior.  Some were employed in judging,
+from the weight of jaw-bones or the sharpness of teeth, to what animals
+they belonged.  But when Faustus and the Devil advanced among them, each
+man desisted from his occupation, and began to cry out, "What a nose!
+what eyes! what a searching glance! what a soft and beautiful curve of
+the chin! what strength! what intuition! what penetration! what a
+cleanly-made figure! what a vigorous and majestic gait! what strength of
+limb! how uniform and harmonious is his whole frame!"  "I would give I
+know not what for the autographs of the gentlemen," said a weaver, "in
+order that I might judge, by their handwriting, of the quickness of their
+thoughts."  The Devil happening to knit his brows from impatience of this
+folly, one of the physiognomists instantly said, "The internal force of
+the lion, which the gentleman possesses, has been aroused by some
+external provocation, or some trifling thought."
+
+Faustus was laughing at all this, when suddenly a beautiful female looked
+down upon him from a window, and cried, in sweet amazement: "Holy
+Catherine! what a noble head! what soft and angelic pensiveness in the
+eyes! what a sweet and lovely physiognomy!"  These melodious words sunk
+into the heart of Faustus.  He looked up to the window: her eyes met his
+for a moment ere she drew herself back.  Faustus whispered to the Devil:
+"I will not quit this town till I have possessed that maiden: what
+voluptuousness beams in her eyes!"  They had scarcely entered a side
+street, when one of the physiognomists came up and asked them very
+civilly for "the physiognomy of their writing," assuring them that no
+stranger had hitherto refused him this favour, and he hoped and trusted
+that they would not.  He thereupon pulled out his album, and offered it
+to Faustus, at the same time producing pen and ink.
+
+_Faustus_.  Not so fast, my friend; one good turn deserves another.  Tell
+me, first, who the maiden is that I this moment saw at the window of
+yonder house, and whose countenance is so celestial.
+
+_Physiognomist_.  Ah! she is an angel in every sense of the word.  Our
+illustrious master has often assured us, that her eyes are the very
+mirrors of chastity, her lovely mouth only formed to express the
+inspiration of a heart filled with heavenly ideas; that her brow is the
+polished shield of virtue, against which all temptations, all earthly
+sin, will be shivered; that her nose snuffs the odours of the fields of
+bliss; and that she is the most perfect cast of ideal beauty ever yet
+permitted to appear in the world.
+
+_Faustus_.  Truly, you have depicted her to me with more than earthly
+colours; and now tell me her situation in life, and her name.
+
+_Physiognomist_.  She is the daughter of a physician; but her father and
+mother being lately dead, she lives by herself on her own property.  Her
+name is Angelica.
+
+They then wrote some nonsensical lines in his album, and the
+physiognomist departed, delighted with his treasure.
+
+_Faustus_.  Now tell me, Devil, how this child of grace is to be come at.
+I am just inclined to see this monk's ideal beauty.
+
+_Devil_.  By the high road to the human heart you will certainly meet
+her; for sooner or later all must fall in with it, however far their
+fancies may have caused them to stray from it.
+
+_Faustus_.  What a delightful enjoyment it would be to fill so exalted an
+imagination as hers with images of pleasure!
+
+_Devil_.  The monk has already had the start of you, and has so sharpened
+her feelings, and filled her little soul with so much vanity and
+self-conceit, and made her piety so carnal, that you have nothing else to
+do than give one audible tap at the gate of her heart, in order to be
+admitted.  Let us now see to what lengths such delusions will lead a
+young woman.
+
+_Faustus_.  And let it be done quickly.
+
+The Devil was perfectly willing to steal so pure a soul from heaven, and
+thereby to consummate more speedily the measure of Faustus's sins.  He
+suddenly stood in the shape of an old man with a peep-show, and, giving
+Faustus the wink, he hurried away into the market-place.  He raised his
+voice, and invited the people to come and see his peep-show.  The
+populace flocked around him,--footmen and chambermaids, wives and widows,
+boys and graybeards.  The Devil showed them all kinds of scenes, which he
+accompanied with pious explanations and moral sayings.  Each person
+stepped back delighted from the peep-show, and charmed the bystanders
+with the recital of the wonders he had witnessed.  The beautiful Angelica
+now looked out of her window; and, hearing the Devil descant in so pious
+a tone, she felt an irresistible desire to see the wonders of his box,
+and to bestow alms upon the devout old showman.  The Devil was sent for.
+Even he was struck by her wondrous beauty, her gentle manners, and her
+ingenuousness; but he became only so much the more desirous to confuse
+her senses and entrap her.  She placed her enthusiastic eye to the window
+of the box.  The Devil preluded with a few proverbs and wise saws, and
+unfolded to her view scenes of love, in which he led her fancy so
+adroitly from the spiritual to the carnal, that she was scarcely aware of
+the gradation.  If she were about to turn away her eyes with shame, the
+offensive object changed itself at once into a sublime image, which again
+attracted her attention.  Her cheeks glowed, and she believed herself
+gazing upon an unknown and enchanted world.  The artful Devil caused the
+figure of Faustus to appear in all these scenes.  She saw him pursuing a
+shadow which resembled her own, and undertaking for its sake the greatest
+actions, and exposing himself to dangers of every description.  When the
+Devil had completely chained her attention, and perceived that she was
+highly curious to know wherefore the figure of Faustus was thus
+associated with her own, he changed the scene, and represented the
+parties in situations not to be misconstrued.  Lightning does not so
+quickly glance through the darkness as did these scenes flit before the
+eyes of the innocent maiden; a moment is an age in comparison, and the
+poison was glowing in her breast before she was able to retreat.  She
+started back, and, with her hands before her eyes, rushed into her
+chamber, and sunk senseless into the arms of Faustus.  When she became
+aware of her fall, she hid her face and repulsed the miscreant.  He laid
+costly jewels at her feet; but she spurned them, and cried, "Tremble,
+thou wretch! the hand of the Avenger will one day fall heavily upon thee
+for this crime."
+
+The insensate Faustus rejoiced at his victory; and went, without the
+least feeling of repentance, to the Devil, who laughed at the affair, and
+yet more fiendishly when he thought of its terrific consequences.
+
+Faustus found himself here in his element.  He flew from conquest to
+conquest, and made very little use of the power of the Devil, but a great
+deal of his gold, which has some influence even over devout minds.
+Angelica became invisible, and all the endeavours of Faustus to see her
+once more were of no avail; but he soon forgot her in the tumult of his
+pleasures.  Reading by chance some of the manuscript publications of the
+monk, he was irritated by the self-conceit and ignorance of the author.
+He proposed to the Devil to play him a trick, and with that intention
+they both went to the convent.  As they were exceedingly well dressed,
+and appeared to be persons of distinction, they were received by the
+young monk in the most cordial and friendly manner.  His eyes had
+scarcely met those of the Devil when he became so agitated by his
+physiognomy, that, forgetting all the forms of politeness, he shook him
+violently by the hand; and going to some distance, he looked at him first
+full in the face, and then in the profile.  He then cried out:
+
+"Ha! who art thou, most mighty one?  Yes; you can do what you like; and
+what you wish you can also do: your physiognomy tells me this; therefore
+it is not necessary for me to know you.  Never have I been more perfectly
+convinced of the truth of my science than at this moment.  Who can behold
+such a human visage without interest, without admiration?  Who cannot
+perceive in that nose, original greatness; in that eye, penetration,
+strength, and expression?"
+
+He felt his forehead, and then continued:
+
+"Permit me, with my measure, to ascertain the height of your brow?  Yes;
+I see unshaken courage in that forehead, as clearly as I do steadfast
+friendship, fidelity, love of God and man, in those lips.  What a
+nobleness in the whole!  Thy face is the physiognomy of an extraordinary
+man, who thinks deeply, who holds fast to whatever he undertakes, works,
+flies, triumphs, finds few men in whom he will confide, but many who will
+rely on him.
+
+"Ah! if a common mortal had such a brow, such a mouth, such a nose, or
+even such hair, what would become of physiognomy?
+
+"Perhaps there is not a man existing whom thy countenance would not by
+turns attract and repel.  What infantine simplicity!  What heroic
+grandeur!  Few mortals can be so well known and so little known as
+yourself.
+
+"Eagle, lion, destroyer, reformer of mankind, move on, move on, and
+reclaim men from their blindness; share with them the intellectual
+strength which nature has given thee; and announce thyself to all as I
+have just announced thee to thyself."
+
+Faustus craunched his teeth while the monk was saying all these noble
+things about the countenance of the Devil, who turning coolly to the
+physiognomist, said,
+
+"And what is thy opinion of that gentleman?  Tell me what he is."
+
+_Monk_.  Great, bold, mighty, powerful, soft, and mild; but thou, his
+companion, art greater, bolder, mightier, more powerful, more soft, more
+mild.
+
+Then looking at Faustus, he exclaimed:
+
+"Mighty pupil of a mightier man, if thy spirit and thy heart could
+entirely catch his greatness, thou wouldst still be merely reflecting the
+rays of his glory.  But seat thyself, and let me take thy shadow."
+
+Faustus, more and more enraged to see how infinitely the monk rated him
+below the Devil, now burst forth:
+
+"Shadows! yes, indeed, shadows only hast thou seen.  How darest thou thus
+judge and measure the human race?  Hast thou seen men?  Where, and how?
+Thou hast merely seen their shadows, which thou adornest with the tinsel
+of thy crazed imagination, and givest them out as the true forms.  Tell
+me what kind of human beings thou hast seen.  Were they not sectaries,
+fanatics, visionaries, the very offscourings of human nature?  Were they
+not vain devotees, young wives who have cold husbands, and widows who
+have sleepless nights?  Were they not authors eager to have every mark
+and pimple on their insignificant features turned into a sign and
+prognostication of genius?  Were they not grandees, whose brilliant
+stations rendered their physiognomies imposing to thine eye?  Thou seest
+that I know thy customers, and have read thy book."
+
+_Devil_.  Bravo, Faustus!  Let me now put in a word, and tell his
+reverence a few mortifying truths.  Brother monk, thou hast formed in thy
+solitary cell a phantom of perfection, and wouldst fain thrust that into
+people's heads, which, when there, poisons the brain, as the gangrene
+corrupts all the flesh around it.  There were men long ago who ventured
+to judge of the innermost of their fellow-creatures from the outside; but
+there was some difference between them and thee.  They had travelled over
+a considerable part of the earth; experience had made them gray; they had
+lived and conversed with men, visited all the lurking holes of vice and
+iniquity, roved from the palace to the cot, crept into the caves of
+savages, and thus knew what belonged to a well-organised man, and what he
+could do with his faculties.  But shalt thou--swollen with prejudices,
+pent up in a convent like a toad in the trunk of an oak--pretend to have
+a clear idea of that which even they barely understood?
+
+The monk stood between the two speakers as between two volcanoes in
+eruption; he crossed his hands humbly upon his breast, and cried, "Have
+mercy!"
+
+The Devil continued:
+
+"Among the many impudent follies which I observed in thy book was an
+attempt to draw the Devil's portrait.  It is now high time for him to
+appear to thee, in order that thou mayst correct the likeness.  Look at
+me; and for once thou shalt be able to say thou hast seen an object in
+its proper form."
+
+The Devil then appeared to him in the most frightful of infernal figures;
+but he rolled a thick mist before the eyes of Faustus, in order that he
+might not blast his sight.  The monk fell to the earth; and the Devil,
+resuming all his former comeliness, exclaimed:
+
+"Now thou mayst paint the Devil in his proper colours, provided thou hast
+strength.  Thou wouldst often be thus overcome, if thou didst in reality
+see the innermost of those whom thou makest angels."
+
+_Faustus_.  Persist in thy folly; communicate it to others; and by thy
+extravagances render religion repulsive to reasonable people.  Thou canst
+not farther more efficaciously the interests of the enemy.  Farewell!
+
+The monk had lost his senses through terror; but he still continued
+writing notwithstanding his madness; and his readers never once perceived
+his derangement, so much did his new books resemble his old ones.
+
+Faustus was delighted with this adventure; but becoming weary of the
+town, he quitted it the next morning with the Devil, and took the road to
+France.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+
+When Faustus and the Devil entered upon the fertile soil of France, it
+was groaning beneath the oppression of that cruel and cowardly tyrant
+Louis the Eleventh, who was the first that ever styled himself "the most
+Christian king."  The Devil had determined not to give Faustus the
+slightest information beforehand concerning this prince.  He had resolved
+to drive him to despair, and then overwhelm him with the most frightful
+blow a mortal can receive who has rebelliously transgressed the bounds
+which a powerful hand has drawn around him.
+
+The Devil had learnt from one of his spies that the most Christian king
+was meditating a masterpiece of state policy; or, in other words, was on
+the point of getting rid of his brother, the Duke de Berry, in order that
+a province which had been granted to him might revert to the crown.  The
+malicious fiend resolved to make Faustus a spectator of this horrid
+scene.  They rode through a wood of oaks contiguous to a castle, and saw
+among the trees a Benedictine monk, who seemed to be telling his rosary.
+The Devil rejoiced inwardly at this sight; for he read upon the
+countenance of the monk that he was imploring the Mother of God to assist
+him in the great enterprise which his abbot had intrusted him with, and
+likewise to save him from all danger.  This monk was Faber Vesois,
+confessor of the king's brother.  The Devil did not disturb him in his
+pious meditations, but went on to the castle with Faustus.  They were
+received with all the respect generally shown to persons of distinction
+who come to visit a prince.  The duke passed his days here in the company
+of his beloved Monserau, thinking of no harm, and expecting no
+misfortune.  His agreeable manners soon gained him the good-will of
+Faustus, who was delighted to see a scion of royalty think and act like a
+man; for he had been accustomed to see among the German princes nothing
+but pride, coldness, and that foolish ceremony which is only intended to
+make visitors appear contemptible in their own eyes.  Some days were very
+pleasantly spent in hunting and other amusements, and the prince gained
+more and more upon the heart of Faustus.  The only thing that displeased
+him in the prince was the weakness he displayed in regard to his
+confessor, the Benedictine.  He loaded him with so much tenderness, and
+submitted with so much complaisance to his will, and the monk always
+looked so studiously devout, that Faustus could not conceive how a man so
+frank himself could prize such a hypocrite.  The Devil, however, soon let
+him into the secret by informing him of the duke's connexion with
+Monserau.  His love for this fair lady was equalled by his fear of hell;
+and, Madame de Monserau having a husband still living, he was not
+altogether easy in respect to his amours with her.  As he neither wished
+to renounce her nor expose himself to eternal punishment, he greedily
+caught at the baits which the monks hang out in order to make themselves
+masters of the minds of men; and when the dread of hell tormented him too
+much, he allayed his fears by receiving absolution for his sins; while he
+thought it impossible for him to be too grateful to a man who encouraged
+him to enjoy the present, and tranquillised him in respect to the future.
+"Thou seest, O Faustus," said the Devil, "what men have made of religion.
+Its abuse has often been associated with crimes and horrors, but is
+nevertheless used by the wicked to cajole and appease their rebellious
+consciences."
+
+The conduct of the prince in this respect did him little honour in the
+opinion of Faustus, who had long ago parted with his own conscience, and
+this last remark of the Devil's operated strongly upon his mind; however,
+he permitted things to go on in their own way, and chiefly thought of
+passing his time pleasantly.
+
+They were one evening at table in excellent humour; the Devil was
+diverting the company with his pleasant stories, and Faustus was employed
+in saying soft things to a pretty French widow, who listened to him very
+complaisantly; when all of a sudden, Death, in his most frightful shape,
+came to disturb the festival.  The Benedictine caused a basket of
+extraordinarily large peaches, which he had just received as a present,
+to be brought in at dessert; and, selecting one of the finest, he offered
+it to the prince with a smiling and benignant air.  The prince divided it
+with his beloved, and both ate of the peach without the slightest
+suspicion.  They then rose from table; the monk gave his benediction to
+all, and hurried away.  The Devil was about to commence a new story, when
+Madame de Monserau uttered a loud shriek.  Her lovely features were
+distorted, her lips became blue, and the paleness of death covered her
+countenance.  The prince rushed to her assistance; but the terrible
+poison began likewise to operate upon him; he fell at her feet, and
+cried, "Listen, O Heaven: my brother, my cruel brother, has assassinated
+me by the hand of that monster.  He who caused his father to die of
+hunger in order to avoid being poisoned, has now bribed the minister of
+religion to poison me."
+
+Faustus ran out of the room to seize the confessor, but he had fled; a
+troop of horse were waiting for him in the forest, and accompanied him in
+his flight.  Faustus returned; but Death had seized his victims, and they
+had ceased to struggle with him.  Faustus and the fiend instantly quitted
+the place.
+
+_Devil_.  Well, Faustus, what think you of the deed committed by the
+Benedictine in the name of the most Christian king?
+
+_Faustus_.  I am almost inclined to believe that our bodies are animated
+by fiendish spirits, and that we are only their instruments.
+
+_Devil_.  What a debasing employment for an immortal spirit to have to
+animate such an ill-contrived machine!  Although I am a haughty demon,
+yet, believe me, I would rather animate a swine that wallows in the mire
+than one of ye, who roll in all manner of vice, and yet have the
+confidence to call yourselves images of the Most High.
+
+Faustus was silent; for the adventures he was every day compelled to
+witness forced him, against his inclination, to believe in the moral
+worthlessness of man.  They travelled forward, and found every where
+hideous monuments of the cruelty of Louis the Eleventh.  Faustus
+frequently made use of the Devil's gold and treasure to stop the bleeding
+wounds which the hand of the tyrant had inflicted.
+
+At length they arrived at Paris.  Upon entering the city they found every
+thing in commotion.  The people were rushing in crowds down one
+particular street; they followed the populace, and arrived in front of a
+scaffold covered with black cloth, and which communicated, by means of a
+door, with an adjoining building.  Faustus asked what was the cause of
+all this; and he was told "that the rich Duke of Nemours was just going
+to be executed."  "And for what?"  "The king has commanded it: there is a
+report, indeed, that he had hostile designs against the royal house, and
+that he intended to murder the dauphin; but as he has only been tried in
+his dungeon by judges named by the king, we know nothing for certain."
+
+"Say, rather," exclaimed another of the bystanders, "that it is his
+property which costs him his life; for our sovereign, in order to make us
+a great and celebrated nation, cuts off the heads of all our wealthy men,
+and would serve us in the same manner if we were to find fault with his
+proceedings."
+
+The Devil left the horses at the nearest inn, and then led Faustus
+through the crowd.  They saw the duke, accompanied by his children, enter
+a chamber hung round with black, where a monk waited to receive his last
+confession.  The father had his eyes fixed upon his sons, and could not
+look to heaven.  After he had confessed himself, he laid his trembling
+hands upon the heads of the children, who were sobbing, and said, "May
+the blessing of an unhappy father, who falls a victim to tyranny and
+avarice, be your safeguard through life; but, alas, ye are the heirs of
+misfortune.  Your rights and pretensions will infallibly doom you to long
+sufferings; ye are born for misery, and I shall die in this conviction."
+He wished to say something more; but the guards silenced him, and hurried
+him out upon the scaffold.
+
+The tyrannical king had given orders that the duke's children should be
+placed under the scaffold, so that the blood of their father might drop
+through the boards upon their white robes.  The cries which the wretched
+parent uttered at the moment his darlings were torn from him struck
+terror to the hearts of all around.  Tristan alone, who was the
+executioner, and the king's most intimate friend, looked on with perfect
+coolness, and felt the sharpness of the axe.  Faustus imagined that the
+groans of the unhappy parent would excite Heaven to avenge outraged
+humanity.  He lifted his tearful eyes towards the bright blue sky, which
+seemed to smile upon the horrid scene.  For a moment he felt himself
+strongly tempted to command the Devil to rescue the duke from the hands
+of the executioner; but his troubled and agitated mind was incapable of
+coming to any resolution.  The duke fell upon his knees; he heard the
+shrieks and lamentations of his children who were beneath the scaffold;
+his own infamous death no longer occupied his mind; he felt for the last
+time, and felt only for these unfortunates; big tears hung in his eyes,
+his lips trembled; the executioner gave the fatal blow, and the boiling
+blood of the father trickled down upon the trembling children.  Bathed
+with paternal gore, they were then led upon the scaffold.  They were
+shown the livid headless trunk, were made to kiss it, and then
+re-conducted to their prison, where they were chained up against the damp
+wall, so that whenever they took repose the whole weight of their bodies
+rested on the galling fetters.  To increase their misery, their teeth
+were torn out from time to time.
+
+Faustus, overwhelmed by the frightful scene he had witnessed, returned
+shuddering to the inn, and commanded the Devil to annihilate the tyrant
+who thus made a sport of human suffering.
+
+_Devil_.  I will not annihilate him, for that would be against the
+interest of hell; and why should the Devil put a stop to his cruelties
+when by some they are viewed with patience?  If I were to further the
+projects of thy blind rage, who would escape thy vengeance?
+
+_Faustus_.  Should I not be performing a noble part, if, like unto
+another Hercules, I were to roam the world, and purge its thrones of such
+monsters?
+
+_Devil_.  Short-sighted man, does not your own corrupt nature prove that
+you must have these kings?  And would not new monsters arise out of their
+ashes?  There would then be no end of murder; the people would be
+divided, and thousands would fall the victims of civil war.  You see here
+millions of bipeds like yourself, who suffer a man like themselves to
+despoil them of their property, to flay them alive, and to murder them at
+his pleasure.  Did not they witness the execution of this duke, who died
+innocent as any lamb?  Did they not gaze with pleasure, mingled with
+agony and grief, upon the tragic spectacle?  Does not that prove they
+deserve their lot, and are unworthy of a better?  Could they not crush
+the tyrant at a blow?  If they have the power of relieving themselves in
+their own hands, wherefore should we pity their sufferings?
+
+Here the disputation ceased.
+
+Faustus shortly afterwards became acquainted with a gentleman of sense
+and education, who had an excellent character for probity.  Faustus and
+the Devil pleased him so much, that he invited them to come and pass some
+days with him on his estate at a short distance from Paris, where he
+lived with his family, which consisted of his wife and his daughter, who
+was about sixteen years old, and lovely as an angel.  At the sight of
+this divine object Faustus was like one enchanted, and felt, for the
+first time, the sweet torments of delicate love.  He confided his
+sufferings to the Devil, who instantly offered to assist him, and laughed
+at the pretended delicacy of his sentiments.  Faustus owned that it was
+repugnant to his feelings to violate the laws of hospitality.  The Devil
+replied: "Well, Faustus, if you wish to have the gentleman's consent, I
+will engage to procure it.  For what do you take him?"
+
+_Faustus_.  For an honest man.
+
+_Devil_.  It is a great pity, O Faustus, that you are so liable to
+deception.  And so you really believe him to be an honest man!  I admit
+that all Paris is of the same opinion.  What do you think he loves best
+in the world?
+
+_Faustus_.  His daughter.
+
+_Devil_.  I know something which he loves more.
+
+_Faustus_.  And what is that?
+
+_Devil_.  Gold; and you ought to have seen that long ago.  But since I
+have been obliged to open to thee the treasures of the earth, and thou
+hast had them at thy disposal, thou hast resembled the torrent which
+inundates the fields, caring very little where its waters flow, or where
+they are received.  How much hast thou lost at play with this gentleman?
+
+_Faustus_.  Let them reckon who care more for the dross than I.
+
+_Devil_.  He who tricked you can tell to a ducat.
+
+_Faustus_.  Tricked!
+
+_Devil_.  Yes, tricked you.  He saw how little you cared for money, and
+has made a noble harvest out of you.  Think not that the table of this
+miser would be so well provided, and that he would be so prodigal of the
+richest wines, and that thou wouldst see so many guests around him,
+provided thy gold did not work these miracles.  At every moment he
+trembles lest we should leave his house.  I see by thy astonishment that
+thou hast been a spendthrift all thy life, and that thou hast never felt
+this thirst for gold, which can extinguish all the desires of the heart,
+and even the most pressing wants of nature.  Follow me, but tread softly.
+
+They descended a staircase, went through several subterranean passages,
+and came at last to an iron door.  The Devil then said to Faustus: "Look
+through the key-hole."  Faustus perceived in a vault, illumined by the
+feeble light of a lamp, the gentleman seated by the side of a strong-box,
+in which were many sacks of money, which he was looking at with
+tenderness.  He then flung the money he had won from Faustus into another
+box, and wept because he saw there was not sufficient to fill it.  The
+Devil said softly to Faustus: "For the sum which is wanting to fill that
+box, he will sell thee his daughter."
+
+Faustus was incredulous.  The Devil waxed wroth, and said impatiently:
+
+"I will show thee that gold has such irresistible power over the minds of
+men, that even at this moment some fathers and mothers belonging to the
+village are in the neighbouring wood selling for money their babes and
+sucklings to the emissaries of the king, although they are well aware
+that the poor little things are destined to be slaughtered, in order that
+the king may drink their blood, with the foolish hope of renovating and
+refreshing the corrupt tide which flows in his own veins.
+
+_Faustus_ (_with a shudder_).  Then the world is worse than hell, and I
+shall quit it without regret.  But I will be convinced with my own eyes
+before I credit any thing so horrible.
+
+They now went into the wood, and concealed themselves among the bushes,
+where they perceived the emissaries of the king in conference with some
+men and women, and the priest of the parish.  Four little children were
+stretched upon the grass, one of them crying pitiably.  The mother lifted
+it up and gave it pap, in order to quiet it; whilst the others crept upon
+the ground, and played with the flowers.  The emissaries counted money
+into the hands of the husbands; the priest had his share, and the
+children were delivered up.  The echoes of the wood repeated for a long
+time the cries of the little wretches as they were carried away.  The
+mothers groaned; but the men said to them, "Here is gold; let us go to
+the public-house and buy wine, and drink to a fresh offspring.  It is
+better that the king should eat the brats now they are young than flay
+them when they are old, or tie them up in a sack and fling them into the
+Seine.  It would have been much better for us if we had been devoured as
+soon as we were born."
+
+The priest comforted them, and said:
+
+"They had done a meritorious act, and one which was pleasing to the
+Mother of God, to whom the king was entirely devoted."  He added, "that
+subjects were born for the king; and that, as he reigned upon earth as
+Heaven's vicegerent, he had a right to dispose of them according to his
+pleasure, and that they were bound to revere the slightest of his fancies
+as a sacred law."
+
+The peasants then went to the public-house, where they spent half the
+blood-money in drink, and kept the rest to pay the king's taxes.
+
+The Devil now looked at Faustus with an air of mockery, and said, "Hast
+thou still doubts whether the gentleman will sell thee his daughter?
+Thou at least wilt not eat her."
+
+_Faustus_.  I swear by the black hell which at this moment appears to me
+a paradise when compared with the earth, that I will henceforward give
+boundless scope to all my passions, and, by ravaging and destroying,
+believe that I am acting consistently to such a monster as man.  Fly, and
+purchase me his daughter: she is doomed to destruction, as is every thing
+that breathes.
+
+This was exactly the disposition in which the Devil had long been
+desirous to see Faustus, in order that he might precipitate him to the
+end of his career, and thereby ease himself of a grievous burden, and
+cease to be the slave of a thing so contemptible as man was in his eyes.
+That very evening he began to sound the father; and the next morning,
+whilst they walked together, he made proposals to him, and showed him
+gold and jewels, which the miser gazed at with rapture; but which,
+however, he would not take until he had made a parade of his virtue.  At
+every objection the old hypocrite started, the Devil augmented the sum;
+and at last he bade so high that the miser accepted it, after much
+ceremony, laughing secretly at the madman who flung away his gold so
+foolishly.  The contract was made, and the father led Faustus to his
+daughter; and as he could prove that her parent was a consenting party,
+she fell a willing victim.
+
+The father in the mean time went with his gold and a lamp to the vault
+where he kept his treasure, and which was known to none of his family.
+He was overjoyed in having obtained sufficient to fill his second
+strong-box.  From fear of being followed, he closed the door hastily
+behind him, forgetting that it went with a spring-lock, and that he had
+left the key on the outside.  The lamp was extinguished by the wind of
+the door, and he found himself suddenly involved in profound darkness.
+The air of the vault was thick and damp, and he soon felt a difficulty in
+his respiration.  He now first perceived that he had not the key with
+him, and death-like anguish shot coldly through his heart.  He had still
+strength and instinct sufficient to find his box; he laid the gold in it,
+and staggered back to the door, where he considered whether he should cry
+out or not.  He was cruelly agitated by the alternative of discovering
+his secret, or of making this vault his tomb.  But his cries would have
+been to no purpose; for the cavern had no connexion with the inhabited
+part of the house, and he had always so well chosen his time, that no one
+had ever yet seen him when he crept to the worship of his idol.  After
+having for a long time struggled with himself, without coming to any
+resolution, the terrible images which assailed his imagination, joined to
+the thickness of the air, totally disordered his brain.  He sunk to the
+earth, and rolling himself to the spot where his box stood, he hugged it
+in his arms, and became raving mad.  He struggled with despair and death
+at the moment of the ruin of his daughter, whose innocence he had
+bartered for gold.  Some days after, when all the corners of the house
+had been closely searched, chance led a servant to the cavern; it was
+opened, and the unfortunate wretch was found lying, a blue and ghastly
+corpse, upon his dear-bought treasure.  The Devil informed Faustus upon
+their return to Paris of the issue of this affair, and Faustus believed
+that, on this occasion, Providence had justified itself.
+
+The fiend having learnt that the Parliament were about to decide upon a
+case unexampled and disgraceful to humanity, he thought it advisable that
+Faustus should hear it.  The fact was this: a surgeon, returning late one
+night to Paris with his faithful servant, heard, not far from the
+highway, the groans and lamentations of a man.  His heart led him to the
+spot, where he found a murderer broken alive upon the wheel, who conjured
+him, in the name of God, to put an end to his existence.  The surgeon
+shuddered with horror and fright; but recovering himself, he thought
+whether it would not be possible for him to reset the bones of this
+wretch, and preserve his life.  He spoke a few words to his servant, took
+the murderer from the wheel, and laid him gently in the chaise.  He then
+carried him to his house, where he undertook his cure, which he at last
+accomplished.  He had been informed that the Parliament had offered a
+reward of one hundred louis-d'ors to any one who would discover the
+person who had taken the assassin from the wheel.  He told the murderer
+of this when he sent him away, and, giving him money, he advised him not
+to stay in Paris.  The very first thing which this monster did was to go
+to the Parliament and betray his benefactor, for the sake of the hundred
+louis-d'ors.  The cheeks of the judges, which so seldom change colour,
+became pallid at this denunciation; for he informed them with the
+greatest effrontery that he was the very assassin, who, having been
+broken alive upon the place where he had committed the murder, had been
+saved by the compassion of the surgeon.  The latter was sent for; and the
+Devil conducted Faustus into the hall of judgment exactly at the moment
+he appeared.  The attorney-general informed the surgeon of what he was
+accused; but the surgeon, being certain of his servant's fidelity,
+stoutly denied the charge.  He was advised to confess, because a most
+convincing witness could be brought against him.  He bade them produce
+him.  A side-door opened, and the murderer stepped coolly into the court,
+and, looking the surgeon full in the face, undauntedly repeated his
+accusation, without forgetting a single circumstance.  The surgeon
+shrieked, "O monster! what can have urged thee to this horrible
+ingratitude?"
+
+_Murderer_.  The hundred louis-d'ors, which you told me of when you sent
+me away.  Did you think that I was satisfied with merely recovering the
+use of my limbs?  I was broken alive on the wheel for a murder which I
+committed for ten crowns, and I was not fool enough to lose gaining a
+hundred louis without running any risk.
+
+_Surgeon_.  Thou wretch! thy cries and groans touched my heart.  I took
+thee down from the wheel, comforted thee, and bound up thy wounds.  I fed
+thee with mine own hand, till thou couldst use thy shattered joints.  I
+gave thee money, which thou canst not yet have spent.  I discovered to
+thee, from regard to thy own safety, the reward which had been offered by
+the Parliament; and I swear to thee, by Heaven above, that if thou hadst
+told me of thy devilish intention, I would have sold my last rag, and
+have furnished thee with the sum, in order that so horrible a piece of
+ingratitude might remain for ever unknown to the world.  Gentlemen, judge
+between me and him; I confess myself guilty.
+
+_President_.  You have grievously offended justice by endeavouring to
+preserve the life of him whom the law, for the common safety, had
+condemned to die; but for this once strict justice shall be silent, and
+humanity only shall sit in judgment.  The hundred louis-d'ors shall be
+yours, and the murderer shall be again broken upon the wheel.
+
+Faustus, who during the whole of this strange trial had been snorting
+like a madman, gave now such a thundering huzza, that the whole gallery
+echoed.  The Devil, who observed that the last impression was about to
+destroy the first, soon led him to another scene.
+
+Some surgeons, doctors of medicine, and naturalists had formed a secret
+society, for the purpose of inquiring into the mechanism of the human
+body, and the effect of the soul upon matter.  In order to satisfy their
+curiosity, they inveigled, under all sorts of pretences, poor men and
+women into a house at some distance from the city, the upper part of
+which was constructed in such a manner that it was impossible to discover
+from without what was going forward within.  Having tied their victims
+with strong cords down upon a long table, and having placed a gag in
+their mouths, they then removed their skin and their flesh, and laid bare
+their muscles, their nerves, their hearts, and their brains.  In order to
+come at what they sought, they fed the wretches with strengthening
+broths, and caused them to die slowly under the slashing of their knives
+and lancets.  The Devil knew that they intended this night to assemble,
+and said to Faustus, "Thou hast seen a surgeon, who, for the sake of
+humanity, or for love of his art, cured an assassin whom justice had
+broken on the wheel; I will now show thee physicians, who, in pursuit of
+secrets which they will not discover, skin their fellow-creatures alive.
+Thou appearest incredulous!  Follow me, and I will convince thee.  We
+will represent two doctors."
+
+He led him to a solitary house.  They entered the laboratory, which the
+rays of the sun never penetrated.  Here they saw the surgeons dissecting
+a miserable being, whose flesh quivered beneath their fratricidal hands,
+and whose bosom heaved with the most painful agony.  They were so engaged
+with their object, that they never once perceived the Devil and Faustus.
+The latter, feeling his nerves thrill with horror, rushed out, struck his
+forehead with his hand, and commanded the fiend to tear down the house
+upon their heads, and bury them and their deed beneath its ruins.
+
+_Devil_.  Why this rage, O Faustus?  Dost thou not perceive that thou art
+acting, in respect to the moral world, in the same manner as they act in
+regard to the physical world?  They mangle the flesh of the living; and
+thou, by my destructive hand, exercisest thy fury upon the whole
+creation.
+
+_Faustus_.  Outcast fiend! dost thou think my heart is made of stone?
+Dost thou think that I can see unmoved the torments of yon poor flayed
+and butchered wretch?  But if I can neither dry his tears nor cure his
+wounds, I can avenge him, and put him out of pain.  Away! away! do as I
+have bid thee, or dread my wrath!
+
+The Devil obeyed with pleasure.  He shook the house to its foundation,
+and down it toppled with a hideous noise, and overwhelmed the wicked
+doctors.  Faustus hurried to Paris, without attending to the look of wild
+exultation which the Devil cast upon him.
+
+Faustus, having heard much talk of the prisons which the most Christian
+king had caused to be built for the purpose of receiving those whom he
+dreaded, had a strong desire to see the interior of them.  The Devil
+willingly undertook to satisfy his curiosity; and although the guards
+were forbidden, under pain of death, to permit any strangers to enter
+these habitations of horror, yet the golden arguments which the Devil
+used procured him and his companion a ready admittance.  They saw there
+cages of iron, in which it was impossible for a man to stand upright, or
+sit down, or place himself in any easy posture.  The wretches who were
+compelled to tenant these iron dwellings had their limbs galled by heavy
+chains.  The keeper said, confidentially, that when the king was in good
+health, he frequently walked in the gallery, in order to enjoy the song
+of his nightingales; for thus did he call these wretched victims.
+Faustus asked some of the unfortunates the cause of their captivity; and
+he heard stories which pierced him to the heart.  At last, coming to a
+cage wherein was a venerable-looking old man, he put the same question to
+him, and the prisoner answered, in a plaintive tone:
+
+"Whoever you are, let my sad story serve you as a warning never to assist
+a tyrant in his cruelties.  You behold in me the Bishop of Verdun, who
+first gave to the king the idea of these horrible cages, and was the very
+first to be shut up in one of them after they were completed.  Here have
+I, for fourteen years, done penance for my sins, praying daily to God to
+end my torments by death."
+
+_Faustus_.  Ha, ha!  Your excellence, then, like another Perillus, has
+found a Phalaris.  Do you know that story?  You shake your head.  Well, I
+will tell it you.
+
+"This Perillus, who was neither a bishop nor a Christian, constructed a
+brazen bull, which he showed to the tyrant Phalaris as a masterpiece of
+invention, and assured him that it was constructed in such a manner,
+that, if his majesty would shut up a man in it, and then heat it red-hot
+by a fire laid beneath it, the shrieks of the tormented man would exactly
+resemble the bellowings of a bull, which would doubtless afford his
+majesty great pleasure.  'My dear Perillus,' said the tyrant, 'I am much
+indebted to you; but it is right that the artist should prove his own
+work.'  He then made Perillus creep into the beast's belly; and when the
+fire was laid beneath it, he did in reality bellow like a bull.  Thus did
+Phalaris, a thousand years ago, play very much the same part with
+Perillus which the most Christian king has been playing with you, most
+reverend Bishop of Verdun."
+
+_Bishop_.  I wish I had heard this story twenty years ago; I should then
+have taken warning from it.
+
+_Faustus_.  You see that history may sometimes be useful, even to a
+bishop.  I weep for the fate of your companions in misery; but I laugh at
+yours.
+
+Faustus wished now to see this king, whose horrible deeds had so heated
+his imagination, that he could hardly represent him to himself under a
+human figure.  The Devil told him that it would be impossible for them in
+their present forms to enter the Castle of Plessis du Parc, where
+cowardice and fear kept the tyrant a prisoner.  He added, that no one,
+with the exception of some necessary domestics, the physician, the
+confessor, and one or two astrologers, could enter without a particular
+order.
+
+_Faustus_.  Then let us assume other figures and dresses.
+
+_Devil_.  Good; I will instantly remove two of his guards, and we will do
+their duty.  This is an excellent time to see the tyrant.  The fear of
+death is already avenging upon his cowardly spirit the thousands whom he
+has slaughtered.  Day and night he only thinks of putting off the moment
+which is to terminate his existence, and death seems to him more hideous
+every second.  I will make you a witness of his torments.
+
+The Devil instantly put his project into execution, and they found
+themselves standing sentinels in the interior of the castle, where
+reigned the mournful silence of the tomb.  Thither had he, before whom
+millions trembled, banished himself, in order to escape from the
+vengeance of the relations of the murdered.  Although he could thus fly
+from the sight of his subjects, he could not escape the cutting remorse
+of his own heart, nor the pains of his emaciated body.  In vain did he
+implore Heaven to grant him health and repose; in vain did he attempt to
+bribe it by presents to saints, to priests, and to churches; in vain did
+he cover himself with relics from all parts of the world: that frightful
+sentence, _thou shall die_, seemed always ringing in his ears.  He
+scarcely ventured to move out of his chamber, lest he should find an
+assassin in one of those whom he might meet.  If anguish drove him into
+the free air, he went armed with lance and dagger, just as if he had
+strength to use either.  Four hundred guards watched day and night around
+the stronghold of the half-dead monster; three times every hour did their
+hoarse calls, echoing from post to post, break the solemn stillness, and
+remind the tyrant of the flight of time.  All around his castle gibbets
+were erected; and the hangman, Tristan, his only true friend, went about
+the country every day, and returned at night with fresh victims, in
+order, by their execution, to diminish the fears of the tyrant, who from
+time to time would walk in an apartment which was only separated from the
+torture-room by a thin partition.  There he listened to the groans and
+shrieks of the wretches on the rack, and found in the sufferings of
+others a slight alleviation of his own.  Wearing on his hat a leaden
+image of the Virgin,--his pretended protectress,--he drank the blood of
+murdered sucklings, and allowed himself to be tormented by his physician,
+whom he requited with ten thousand crowns a month.
+
+This was the wretch whom Faustus saw; and his heart rejoiced when he
+contemplated the paleness of his cheeks, and the farrows which anguish
+and despair had made in his brow.  He was on the point of leaving this
+abode of monotonous horror, when the Devil whispered him to remain until
+the next day, and he would see a singular spectacle.  The king had heard
+that a hermit lived in Calabria, who was honoured as a saint through all
+Sicily.  This fool had, from his fourteenth to his fortieth year, dwelt
+upon a naked rock, where, exposed to the rains and tempests of heaven, he
+martyred his body by stripes and fasting, and refused his mind all
+cultivation.  But, the rays of sanctity concealing his stupidity, he soon
+saw the prince and the peasant at his feet.  Louis had requested the King
+of Sicily to send him this creature, because he hoped to be cured by him.
+The hermit was now on the road; and as he brought with him the holy oil
+of Rheims, to anoint the tyrant's body, the latter imagined that all his
+disorders would soon vanish, and he should become young again.  The happy
+day arrived: the Calabrian boor approached the castle; the king received
+him at the gate, fell at his feet, and asked him for life and health.
+The Calabrian played his part in so ridiculous a manner, that Faustus
+could not avoid laughing aloud at the farce.  Tristan and his myrmidons
+were advancing to seize him, and he would doubtlessly have paid for
+laughing with his life, had not the Devil rescued him from their claws,
+and flown away with him.  When they arrived at Paris, Faustus said:
+
+"Is it by this contemptible, superstitious, tottering object, that the
+bold sons of France allow themselves to be enslaved?  He is a mere
+skeleton in purple, who can scarcely cough out of his asthmatic throat
+the desire to live; yet they tremble before him, as if he were a giant,
+whose terrible arms could encircle the whole earth.  When the lion,
+enfeebled by age, lies languishing in his den, the most insignificant
+beasts of the forests are not afraid of him, but approach and mock the
+fallen tyrant."
+
+_Devil_.  It is this which chiefly distinguishes the king of men from the
+king of beasts.  The latter is only formidable as long as he can use his
+own strength; but the former, who binds the strength of his slaves to his
+will, is as powerful when lying on the bed of sickness, as when, in the
+vigour of health, he is at the head of his armies.  Are you not now
+convinced that men are only guided by folly, which dooms them to be
+slaves?  Break their chains to-day, and they would forge themselves
+others to-morrow.  Do what you can, they will always go on in the same
+eternal circle, and are condemned for ever to seize the shadow for the
+reality.
+
+The Devil, having shown Faustus all that was remarkable in and about the
+capital of France, took him to Calais; and, crossing the Channel, they
+arrived in London at the very moment that hideous abortion, the Duke of
+Gloucester, made himself Protector of the kingdom, and was endeavouring
+to take away the crown from the children of his brother, the late king.
+He had removed the father by means of poison, and had already persuaded
+the queen (who, upon the first discovery of his projects, had fled for
+refuge, with her children, to Westminster Sanctuary) to deliver up to him
+the youthful heir of the throne, together with his brother York.  Faustus
+was present when Doctor Shaw, by the command of the Protector, informed
+the astonished people from the pulpit, that the yet living mother of the
+duke and the deceased king had admitted various lovers; that the late
+king was the offspring of such adultery; and that no one of the royal
+line, except the Protector, could boast of a legitimate birth.  He saw
+those noblemen executed who would not accede to the execrable plot; and
+the Devil conducted him into the Tower at the very moment when Tyrrell
+and his assistant murdered the lawful king and his brother, and buried
+them beneath the threshold of the dungeon.  He was a witness of the base
+submission of the Parliament, and of the coronation of the frightful
+tyrant.  He witnessed the negotiation of the queen to support the
+murderer of her sons in his usurped throne, by giving him the hand of her
+eldest daughter, in order that she herself might still retain a shadow of
+sovereignty; although at the same time she had entered into a secret
+alliance with the Earl of Richmond, who was destined to be her avenger.
+Faustus felt himself so enraged, that not all the charms of the blooming
+Englishwomen could keep him any longer in this cursed isle, which he
+quitted with hatred and disgust; for neither in Germany nor in France had
+he seen crimes committed with so much coolness and impunity.  When they
+were on the point of embarking, the Devil said to him:
+
+"These people will groan for a time beneath the yoke of despotism; they
+will then sacrifice one of their kings upon the scaffold of freedom, in
+order that they may sell themselves to his successors for gold and
+titles.  In hell there is very little respect paid to these gloomy
+islanders, who would suck the marrow from all the carcasses in the
+universe, if they thought to find gold in the bones.  They boast of their
+morality, and despise all other nations; yet if you were to place what
+you call virtue in one scale, and vice, with twopence, in the other, they
+would forget their morality, and pocket the money.  They talk of their
+honour and integrity, but never enter into a treaty but with a firm
+resolution of breaking it as soon as a farthing is to be gained by so
+doing.  After death, they inhabit the most pestilential marsh of the
+kingdom of darkness, and their souls are scourged without mercy.  None of
+the other damned will have any communication with them.  If the
+inhabitants of the Continent could do without sugar and coffee, the sons
+of proud England would soon return to the state in which they were when
+Julius Caesar, Canute of Denmark, or William the Conqueror, did them the
+honour to invade their island."
+
+_Faustus_.  For a devil, thou knowest history passably well.
+
+Hereupon he led him to Milan, where they saw the Duke Galeas Sforza
+murdered on St. Stephen's day in the cathedral; Faustus having previously
+heard the assassins loudly beseeching St. Stephen and St. Ambrose to
+inspire them with the courage necessary for so noble a deed.
+
+In Florence, the seat of the Muses, they saw the nephew of the great
+Cosmo, the father of his country, murdered in the church of Santa
+Reparata, at the altar, just at the moment when the priest raised the
+host in his hands; for the Archbishop of Florence, Salviati, had informed
+the murderers that this was to be the signal.  He had been bribed to
+assist in this enterprise by the Pope, who was determined to annihilate
+the Medicis, in order to rule sole sovereign in Italy.
+
+In the north of Europe they saw wild barbarians and drunken ruffians
+murdering and pillaging like the more civilised Europeans.  In Spain they
+found upon the throne deceit and hypocrisy wearing the mask of religion.
+They saw, at an _auto-da-fe_, men and women immolated in the flames to
+the mild Deity of the Christians; and they heard the grand inquisitor,
+Torquemada, boast to Ferdinand and Isabella that, since the establishment
+of the holy tribunal, it had tried eighty thousand suspected persons, and
+had burnt six thousand convicted heretics.  When Faustus first saw the
+ladies and cavaliers assembled in the grand square, dressed in their
+richest habits, he imagined that he had come just in time for some joyous
+festival; but when he heard the condemned wretches howling and lamenting
+in the midst of a mob of monks who were at their devotions, he was
+convinced that religion, when misused, makes man the most execrable
+monster on the earth.  He, however, began to imagine that all these
+horrors were the necessary consequences of man's nature, who is an animal
+that must either tear his fellow-creatures to pieces, or be torn to
+pieces by them.
+
+The Devil, perceiving that Faustus was amazed and confounded by these
+scenes, said to him:
+
+"Thou seest how the courts of Europe resemble each other in wickedness
+and crime.  Let us now go to Rome, and see whether the ecclesiastical
+government goes on better."
+
+The malicious Leviathan flattered himself that Alexander the Sixth, who
+wore at that time the triple crown, and held in his hands the keys of
+heaven and of hell, would give the finishing blow to the harassed spirit
+of Faustus, and would enable him to return below with his victim.  For a
+long time he had been weary of staying on the earth; for although he had
+in the course of many thousand years so often traversed it, he still saw
+merely the same beings and the same actions.  From this we may learn that
+there is something so annoying in uniformity, that even the wild horrors
+of Satan's hall are to be preferred to it.
+
+On the way to Rome they passed by two hostile armies encamped face to
+face.  The one was commanded by Malatesta of Rimini, the other by a papal
+general.  The crafty Alexander was now endeavouring, either by poisoning,
+secret assassination, or open war, to deprive all the Italian noblemen of
+their property, in order that he might convert their castles and domains
+into principalities for his illegitimates.  He began with the weakest,
+and had despatched this little army to eject Malatesta from his fief of
+Rimini.  Faustus and the Devil, riding along the road, perceived upon an
+eminence contiguous to the papal camp two men, magnificently dressed,
+engaged in a furious combat.  Moved by curiosity, Faustus advanced to the
+spot; the fiend followed him; and they perceived, by the rage of the
+antagonists, that nothing less than the death of one of them would end
+the struggle.  But what appeared to Faustus most extraordinary was a
+milk-white goat, adorned with ribbons of various colours, which a page
+seemed to hold as the prize of victory, as he stood, with the utmost
+coolness, near the two raging warriors.  Many cavaliers had assembled
+upon the height, and awaited the issue of the affair.  Faustus approached
+one of them, and asked, with his German simplicity, whether the gentlemen
+were fighting for that handsome goat.  He had observed that the two
+champions, whenever they paused to take breath, looked at the goat with
+much tenderness, and each seemed, according to knightly custom, to
+entreat it to assist him in his danger.  The Italian, turning to Faustus,
+coolly answered, "Yes, certainly; and I hope our general will punish with
+death the audacious knight who dared to remove from his tent the
+handsomest goat in the world, at the time he was gone to reconnoitre the
+enemy's camp."  Faustus stepped back, shook his head, and scarcely knew
+whether he was dreaming or awake.  The Devil let him remain for some time
+in this perplexity; he then took him aside, and whispered certain things
+in his ear, which made Faustus blush, and which will not bear repetition.
+The duel in the mean time went on as hotly as ever, until the sword of
+the papal general found an opening in the knight's mail, and laid him
+wallowing in blood upon the ground.  He yielded up his soul amidst curses
+and imprecations, and took, with his last look, a tender farewell of the
+pretty animal.  The general was congratulated by the surrounders, and the
+page delivered him the goat.  He called it "his dearest, his
+best-beloved," and loaded it with the most tender caresses.
+
+Faustus departed from the place of combat, and was hesitating between a
+desire to laugh and a feeling of disgust, when the Devil said to him:
+
+"This duel has made thee acquainted with the papal general; but he who
+commands the hostile army does not deserve thy attention less.  The one
+has risked his life for love of a white goat; and the other has already
+poisoned and strangled with his own hand, in order that he might get
+possession of their property, two of his wives, sprung from the best
+families in Italy.  He is now on the point of marrying a third; and she
+will, in all probability, experience the same fate.  Both of these
+personages are otherwise very religious men,--attend processions, make
+vows to Heaven, and implore it for assistance.  For which side do you
+think it will now declare?"
+
+Faustus gave the Devil a wild look, and left the malicious question
+unanswered; but the Devil, who wished to punish him for having formerly
+boasted of the moral worth of man, failed not to make some bitter jokes
+upon the amours of the papal general and the conjugal tenderness of
+Malatesta of Rimini.
+
+The sight of Rome and its majestic ruins, over which the mighty spirit of
+the old Romans seemed yet to hover, filled Faustus with wonder; and, as
+he was well acquainted with the history of those lords of the ancient
+world, the remembrance of their heroic actions elevated his soul to a
+pitch of enthusiasm.  But the modern inhabitants of this celebrated city
+soon inspired him with very different sentiments.  By the Devil's advice,
+they announced themselves as German noblemen, whom curiosity to see the
+magnificence of Rome had brought there.  But their retinue, their pomp,
+and their demeanour, caused a suspicion to be entertained that they were
+of more consequence than they pretended to be.  Friars and matrons,
+quacks and harlequins, flocked to them, as soon as the noise of their
+arrival had echoed through all the haunts of those who get their
+livelihood by administering to the crimes and the weaknesses of men.
+They offered them their several female relations, and depicted their
+charms and various attractions with such fiery eloquence, that Faustus,
+besieged on every side, knew not which to prefer.  As these wretches
+uttered religious maxims in the same breath with the most stimulant
+descriptions of voluptuousness, Faustus imagined himself authorised in
+believing that they merely made use of religion to appease the cravings
+of passion, revolted by their shameful deeds and wickedness.
+
+The next day after their arrival, Faustus and the Devil were invited to
+dinner by the Cardinal Caesar Borgia, one of the many illegitimates of
+the Pope.  He received them in the most splendid manner, and promised to
+introduce them to his holiness.  They went on horseback, attended by a
+retinue of servants, to the Vatican, and Faustus and the Devil kissed the
+toe of the Pope: the German performed this act of devotion with all the
+fervour of a good Christian Catholic; but the Devil muttered to himself,
+"If Alexander knew who I am, I should, most probably, see him at my own
+feet."  After the usual ceremonies were over, the Pope invited them into
+his private apartments, where he spoke to them very freely, and made them
+acquainted with his other illegitimates, the famous Lucretia; Francisco
+Borgia, Duke of Candia, &c.
+
+The Pope found the society of the handsome and well-made Leviathan so
+much to his liking, that, from the first interview, he showed him
+particular favour, which grew at length, as we shall see, to the closest
+intimacy.  Faustus attached himself to Cardinal Borgia, who gave him such
+a glowing description of the pleasures and temptations of Rome, that he
+hardly knew whether he was in the Vatican or in the Temple of Venus.  The
+Cardinal made him more nearly acquainted with his sister, who was married
+to Alphonso of Arragon.  This siren displayed voluptuousness and
+sensuality in a form and face so attractive and charming, that Faustus
+stood before her like one enchanted.
+
+Faustus and the Devil went one evening to the Vatican to see a play,
+which astonished the young German more than any thing he had yet seen at
+the papal court.  It was the _Mandragola_ which was represented.  The
+noble Machiavel had composed this licentious and satirical piece, in
+order to lay before the eyes of the court of Rome a striking picture of
+the boundless corruption of the clergy, and to prove that to be the sole
+cause of the dissolute lives of the laity.  But he deceived himself in
+his honourable design: the _Mandragola_ was applauded, not on account of
+its morality, which was not understood, but of its licentiousness.
+Faustus heard the Pope and the cardinals, the nuns and the ladies,
+praising certain things which, in his opinion, the most dissolute of the
+Roman emperors would not have permitted upon their theatre.  But real
+scenes yet more abominable soon put an end to his astonishment; and he
+perceived that the actions of Alexander and his children infinitely
+surpassed all that which the annals of the human race had hitherto
+consigned to infamy and abhorrence.  Lucretia was pleased yet more by
+Faustus's rich presents than his fine face and form.  By this intimate
+connexion with her, he discovered her incestuous intercourse with her two
+brothers, the Cardinal and Francisco; which she also extended to the Pope
+her father.  The only one whom she treated ill was Alphonso, who had the
+honour to be her spouse.  Faustus now guessed the cause of the implacable
+hatred which the Cardinal entertained against his brother Francisco: it
+arose from jealousy at his sister's preferring the latter to himself; and
+he often swore to take vengeance upon his brother.
+
+It was the custom of Faustus, after having the whole day wallowed in the
+shameful pleasures of the court and city, to pester the Devil's ears with
+complaints of the wickedness of men.  He was shocked at their crimes,
+although he himself had neither strength nor desire to resist any of his
+inclinations.  He generally concluded his sermonising by asking, "How
+could such a monster ever have been elected Pope?"
+
+The Devil, who perfectly knew how that event had been brought about (for
+one of the princes of hell had been at the election), would tell him how
+"Alexander bought up the votes of the cardinals by magnificent promises;
+and being called upon, after his installation, to fulfil them, he either
+banished or caused to be privately assassinated all those who had any
+claims upon him."
+
+_Faustus_.  I can easily conceive that the cardinals were sufficiently
+corrupt to make him Pope; but how the people can submit to his decrees is
+beyond my comprehension.
+
+_Devil_.  The Romans are perfectly content with him.  He protects the
+populace, and ravages and pillages the great.  Can they wish for a better
+Pope than one who sanctifies their crimes by his own example; and who,
+besides the indulgences he distributes, shows by his actions that men
+have no reason to be terrified at any crime?
+
+The Pope having, at a consistorial court, elevated his eldest
+illegitimate, Francisco, to the dignity of General of the Papal See, the
+Cardinal instantly formed the Christian resolution of putting his brother
+out of the way, and thereby opening a more extensive field to his own
+ambition.  Vanosa, his mother, had informed him that the Pope intended to
+raise a throne for Francisco upon the ruin of the Italian princes; and
+through him, as his eldest-born, execute all the projects which he had
+formed for the prosperity and aggrandisement of his family.  The
+Cardinal, who had always certain assassins in his pay, sent for his
+faithful Dom Michelotto, and thus addressed him:
+
+"Brave and honest Michelotto, five years have already passed since the
+accession of my father to the papal chair, and I am not yet what I might
+have been, had I acted with less delicacy and more prudence.  He first
+made me an archbishop, and now I am become a cardinal; but what is that
+for a spirit which burns with a desire to distinguish itself, and which
+aspires to glory!  My revenues scarcely supply me with absolute
+necessaries, and it is impossible for me to reward, according to the wish
+of my heart, those friends who have rendered me essential services.  Art
+thou not, O Michelotto, a striking example of it thyself?  Have I been
+able to acquit myself towards thee in the manner which my obligations to
+thee demand?  But shall we always languish in this shameful inactivity;
+and shall we wait till fortune or chance do something for those who will
+do nothing for themselves?  Dost thou think that the monotonous life I
+lead in the conclave and in the church was intended for a spirit like
+mine?  Am I born for all these ridiculous and superstitious ceremonies?
+If nature had not by foolish caprice brought my brother into the world
+before me, would not all those situations, all those honours, by which
+men are alone enabled to perform great actions, have fallen to my lot?
+Does my brother know how to profit by the advantages which the Pope and
+blind Fortune fling in his way?  Let me once occupy his place, and my
+name shall soon resound through all Europe.  Nature stamped me for a
+hero, and him for a priest; therefore I must seek to repair the
+negligence of Fortune if I wish to fulfil my destiny.  Compare him and
+me, and who will say we are sprung from the same father?  But be he my
+brother--and it little matters; for the man who wishes to rise above the
+rest should forget tenderness and relationship--those puny bonds of
+nature--and should not hesitate to dip his hands in the sacrifice of any
+one whose existence may be an obstacle to his noble views.  It is thus
+that all great men act; it is thus that the founder of immortal Rome
+acted.  In order that Rome might arrive at the height of grandeur to
+which his genius wished to carry it, he did not hesitate to stab his
+brother; and, in order that Caesar Borgia may attain immortality, his
+brother Francisco must bleed beneath thy knife, most courageous
+Michelotto.  Yes; for although it would be easy for me, in the darkness
+of the night, to assassinate him myself and remain unsuspected, I reserve
+for thee this deed, in order that thou mayst have a greater right to
+share with me my grandeur and my future fortunes.  To-morrow I shall go
+to Naples to assist, in quality of legate, at the coronation of the king.
+Vanosa, my mother, who, between you and me, is weary of seeing her
+enterprising Caesar a cardinal, gives this evening a supper to myself, my
+brother, and a few friends.  Francisco will go late at night to an
+assignation in which he and I mutually share; and I ill know Michelotto
+if ever he finds his way back to his palace.  My name is Caesar, and I
+will be all or nothing."
+
+Michelotto grasped the cardinal's hand, thanked him for his confidence,
+assured him of his fidelity, and went his way in order to get some of his
+companions to assist him in the affair.
+
+Faustus and the Devil were also invited to the supper.  Gaiety reigned
+among the guests.  The good-natured Francisco loaded his brother with
+caresses, which, however, did not shake his resolution.  When they rose
+from table, Caesar took leave of his mother, and said he must now go to
+the Pope and receive his orders for Naples.  The two brothers walked with
+each other a little way, followed by Faustus and the Devil.  Francisco
+soon took leave of his brother, having first told him where he was going.
+The Cardinal, with a smiling air, wished him much pleasure: hurrying to
+the Vatican, he finished his business there, and then went to the
+rendezvous, where he found Michelotto and his ruffians, whom he directed
+how to proceed.  Faustus had not the slightest suspicion of what was
+going forward; but the Devil, who knew when the horrible drama was to
+conclude, transported him to the banks of the Tiber at the very moment
+Michelotto and his assistants flung into the stream the corpse of the
+murdered Francisco.  Faustus would have attacked the assassins, though he
+was still ignorant who their victim was; but the Devil prevented him, and
+said:
+
+"Do not approach; keep thyself quiet, and let none of those people see
+thee; they swarm so at Rome and at the Vatican, that thou wouldst not be
+safe, even at my side, if they were to perceive that thou didst observe
+them.  The murdered man whom they flung into the water is Francisco
+Borgia, Duke of Candia; his murderer is his brother, and what thou seest
+now is only the prelude to actions which will astonish hell itself and
+make it tremble."
+
+He then discovered to him the whole of the plot, and repeated to him the
+Cardinal's conversation with Michelotto.  Faustus replied, with more
+coolness than the Devil expected:
+
+"Their deeds will not astonish me, however infamous they may be; for what
+else can we expect from a family where the father lives in incest with
+his daughter, and the brothers with their sister?  But henceforth I will
+never suffer any one to boast in my presence of the moral worth of man;
+for, in comparison with man, especially if he be a priest, the worst
+fiend is innocent as an angel.  Oh, why was I not born in happy Arabia,
+where I might have passed my solitary existence, with a palm-tree for my
+shelter, and with Nature for my god!"
+
+The body of Francisco being found in the Tiber, his assassination was
+soon noised about Rome and through all Italy.  The Pope was so afflicted
+at the intelligence, that he abandoned himself to the most frightful
+despair, and remained three days without eating or drinking; but he did
+not forget to offer immense rewards for the discovery of the murderers.
+His daughter, who guessed from whence the blow came, gave her mother
+intelligence of the severe intentions of the Pope; and Vanosa, at dead of
+night, went to the Vatican.  The Devil, who, in quality of favourite, had
+remained alone with his holiness whilst his affliction was at its height,
+hastened away upon the appearance of Vanosa; and having found Faustus,
+who was consoling the lovely Lucretia, he led him to the door of the
+Pope's apartment, where they heard the following dialogue.
+
+"A fratricide! a cardinal!--and thou, mother of them both, dost tell me
+this with as much coolness as if Caesar had merely poisoned one of the
+Colonnas or Orsinis.  He has, in murdering his brother, destroyed his own
+fame, and has undermined the foundation of that monument of grandeur
+which I was about to raise.  But the monster shall not escape punishment;
+he shall feel my vengeance."
+
+_Vanosa_.  Rodrigo Borgia, thou hast shared the couch of my mother and
+myself, and wast the first that dishonoured Lucretia, my daughter and
+thine.  Who can number all those whom thou hast secretly poisoned and
+assassinated?  Yet thou art not less a pope.  Rome trembles before thee,
+and all Christianity adores thee.  Every thing depends upon the situation
+in which men are when they commit crimes.  I am the mother of both,
+Rodrigo, and I knew that Caesar would murder Francisco.
+
+_Pope_.  Thou wretch!
+
+_Vanosa_.  Am I?  If I be, I have become so in thy school.  It was right
+that the timorous and gentle Francisco should give place to the fiery,
+the enterprising Caesar, in order that the glittering hopes may be
+fulfilled which thou didst confide to me upon thy elevation to the papal
+chair.  Francisco was intended by nature to be a monk; my Caesar to be a
+conqueror--and I call him so already in prophetic spirit.  He alone has
+power to annihilate the great and petty tyrants of Italy, and to win
+himself a crown.  Appoint him standard-bearer to the papal see, and he
+will make the Borgias kings of the Italian realms.  Is not this thy most
+ardent wish?  All thy poisonings and murders will have been to no more
+purpose if Caesar remains a cardinal, than they would have been if yon
+feeble driveller had lived.  Only from Caesar can I expect protection
+when thou art no more.  He loves his mother; but the other boy neglected
+me, and only flattered thee, from whom he expected his greatness.  Caesar
+feels that a woman like me, who could bring forth a hero, can likewise
+point out to him the way to immortal deeds.  Brighten up, Rodrigo, and be
+wise; for know that the hand which dispatched thy favourite was directed
+by a daring spirit, who would not hesitate to take thy own life wert thou
+to remove the veil which has been flung over this deed of necessity.
+
+_Pope_.  The solidity of thy arguments restores me to myself, and thy
+eloquence exalts my soul, although it makes me shudder.  Francisco is
+dead; Caesar lives: let him live, and take his brother's place, since
+fate will have it so.
+
+He rang the bell, caused refreshments to be brought, and was in excellent
+spirits.
+
+Francisco was forgotten, and the Pope thought of nothing else than to
+open to the daring Caesar a wider field in which he might exercise his
+dangerous talents.  The latter, in the mean time, crowned the King of
+Naples, with hands yet reeking with fraternal blood.  He returned to
+Rome; and Faustus saw, with a malicious laugh, the cardinals and the
+ambassadors of Spain and Venice receive the fratricide, whom they knew
+for such, at the city-gate, and then conduct him in triumph to the Pope,
+who embraced him with great tenderness.  Vanosa laid aside her mourning,
+and celebrated the day of his return by a festival, at which appeared all
+the grandees of Rome.  Caesar shortly afterwards changed his cardinal's
+hat for a helmet, and was with much pomp and magnificence consecrated
+Gonfalonier, or Standard-bearer of the Holy See.
+
+The Devil saw, with much pleasure, Faustus endeavouring, by the wildest
+excesses, to escape the pangs by which his heart was now torn.  He
+remarked how every new scene of horror he was doomed to witness galled
+his soul, and that he was becoming more and more convinced that all he
+saw or heard had its origin in the nature of man.  The Devil supported
+him in this idea by sophisms, which later philosophers have worked up
+into systems.  He ransacked the earth of its treasures, and showered gold
+and precious gems upon his victim; and Faustus, dishonouring the wives
+and daughters of Rome, believed that he could not sufficiently corrupt
+the human family, which, in his opinion, was doomed to misfortune and
+destruction.  The lessons he had learnt from Lucretia had long since
+poisoned his senses.  All the sweet ties of humanity, which had so long
+fettered his heart, were now totally destroyed.  He represented the world
+to himself as a stormy sea, on which the human race is cast, and is
+tossed here and there by the wind, which drives this man upon a rock,
+where he is dashed to pieces, and blows the other happily to his haven.
+But what seemed to Faustus most incomprehensible was, that the
+shipwrecked mariner should be punished in an after-state for not having
+guided his vessel better; when the rudder which had been given him to
+shape his course by was so weak that any extraordinary billow could not
+fail to shatter it.
+
+A new scene now presented itself.  Alexander had determined on taking the
+amusements of the chase at Ostia.  He was accompanied thither by a vast
+throng of cardinals, bishops, ladies, and nuns; the latter being summoned
+from their cloisters, and, by their beauty, rendering the cavalcade a
+glorious spectacle.  The Devil was constantly by the side of the Pope,
+and Faustus and Lucretia were inseparable.  Every one abandoned himself
+at Ostia to pleasure, and in the course of a few days excesses were
+committed there from which even Tiberius and Nero might have learnt
+something.  Faustus had now an excellent opportunity of examining man in
+his nakedness, as the Devil had expressively termed it; but what were all
+these scenes of wickedness when compared with the plans which the Pope
+formed with his bastards, by way of relaxation, in the presence of
+Faustus and the Devil?  It was here determined that Alphonso of Arragon,
+the husband of Lucretia, should be assassinated, in order that they might
+give the King of France a proof that they were willing to break entirely
+with the King of Naples, and to assist the former in his usurpation of
+the crown of Sicily.  Louis the Twelfth had already, with the approbation
+of Alexander, invaded Italy, and the Borgias thereby saw all their
+projects ripening.  Lucretia intrusted this bloody deed to the management
+of her brother, and already considered herself as a widow.  The plan of
+the ensuing campaign was then adjusted in a very expeditious manner; for
+it was merely to take possession of all the towns, castles, and domains
+of the noblemen of Italy, who were one and all of them to be murdered,
+together with their offspring and relations, in order that not a soul
+might remain alive who had the slightest claim upon the property, and who
+might therefore trouble the assassins with future conspiracies.  To
+support the army in the interim, the Pope and Caesar dictated to Lucretia
+a list of rich cardinals and prelates, who were to be poisoned
+successively, and their goods to be taken possession of by the right of
+inheritance vested in the papal chair.
+
+When this secret council was broken up, the members of it repaired to the
+grand hall, where supper awaited them.  The Pope was so contented with
+his schemes, and the certainty of their accomplishment, that he
+committed, in his joy, the most shameful extravagances, and by his
+example incited his guests to actions similar to what we have read of in
+the pages of Petronius Arbiter, and other writers of the same character.
+He, nevertheless, did not entirely forget the cares of the state; for he
+suddenly asked those present how the revenues of the papal see might be
+increased, so as to support its numerous army during the approaching
+campaign.  After various projects, Ferrara of Modena, Bishop of Patria,
+Alexander's worthy minister, by whom he caused the benefices of the
+Church to be disposed of to the highest bidder, proposed that indulgences
+should be sold through Europe, under the pretence of an approaching war
+with the Turks; adding, like a true papal financier, "that the foolish
+idea which men entertained, of being able to wash away their sins by
+means of gold, was the surest source from which the income of a pope
+arose."
+
+Lucretia, who lay on the lap of her father, and played with Faustus's
+yellow looks, incidentally remarked, with a smile,
+
+"The present list of indulgences contains such insipid, antiquated, and
+absurd crimes, that it is impossible to turn it to much account.  It was
+composed in stupid and barbarous times; and it is now highly necessary to
+make a new tariff of sin, for which Rome herself can furnish the most
+important articles."
+
+The company, hot with wine, and reeking from their abominations, eagerly
+caught up this sally of female wantonness; and the Pope commanded each
+one present to propose some particular sin, and to tax it; recommending
+them, above all, to choose those which were most in vogue, and which
+would consequently bring in the most wealth.
+
+_Borgia_.  Holy father, leave this to the cardinals and prelates; they
+are better versed in crime than any other people.
+
+Ferrara of Modena sat down to fulfil the office of secretary.
+
+_A Cardinal_.  Absolution to each and every priest who commits
+fornication, let it be with whom it may; with permission to perform all
+the duties of the Church, and to receive and hold new benefices, provided
+he pay into the papal treasury nine gold ducats.
+
+_Pope_.  Write down nine gold ducats, Bishop; and then let us drink
+absolution to those priests who shall pay the sum.
+
+Each guest filled his glass, and exclaimed in chorus, "Absolutio!
+dispensatio!"
+
+                                * * * * *
+
+_A Nun_.  Ha; what means all this?  Will no one think of us?  Holy
+father, have we alone no claim to your paternal favour?  I entreat you to
+let us be taxed also, in order that we may sin in peace.
+
+_Pope_.  Right, my daughter; and you shall not be dealt with more hardly
+than the priests.  Bishop, write down: Absolution for each nun who shall
+commit carnal sin, be it with whom it may, within or out of the circle of
+the cloister; with fall capacity of assuming any conventual dignity when
+called upon so to do: nine ducats.
+
+_Chorus_.  Absolutio! dispensatio!
+
+_A Bishop_.  Absolution and dispensation to each priest who publicly
+keeps a mistress: five ducats.
+
+Lucretia then interposed: "Absolution for carnal knowledge, the enormity
+of which is indicated by fifteen ducats."
+
+Faustus, whom this scene had horribly mortified, on account of the
+triumph which it afforded the Devil over him, but who, nevertheless,
+wished to have a hit at Borgia, exclaimed, with a voice of thunder,
+
+"Absolution to any parricide, matricide, or fratricide, for three
+ducats."
+
+_Pope_.  Ho, ho, friend; what are you aiming at now?  Will you tax murder
+lower than fornication?
+
+_Caesar Borgia_.  Holy father, he does not wish, by too high a penalty,
+to deter men from the commission of the crime.
+
+_Devil_.  You are well aware, gentlemen, that the poor are incapable of
+receiving benefit from any of the above-named absolutions and
+dispensations.
+
+_Chorus_ (_amidst shouts of laughter_).  Damnation to him who has no
+money!
+
+_Caesar Borgia_.  Whoever commits theft, be it sacrilege or not, shall
+have his soul secured from damnation, upon depositing in the papal
+treasury three parts of what he has stolen.
+
+_Chorus_.  Absolution to all thieves, sacrilegious or not, provided they
+share their booty with the Pope.
+
+_Pope_.  Thou hast opened a rich mine, Caesar.  Write that down, Bishop.
+
+_Faustus_.  Absolution to any one who shall practise magic, or enter into
+an alliance with the Devil.  How high shall I tax that, father?
+
+_Pope_.  My son, you will not, by this last article, enrich the papal
+treasury.  The fiend does not understand his own advantage; we call upon
+him in vain.
+
+_Faustus_.  But provided that should so happen, how high, I repeat?
+
+_Pope_.  For rarity's sake, one hundred ducats.
+
+_Faustus_.  Here they are; and now write me out an absolution, that I may
+be able to shake it in the face of the Devil, provided I ever sell myself
+to him.
+
+_Chorus_.  Absolution to him who shall sell himself to the fiend.
+
+_A Nun_.  Most reverend Bishop, since you are writing out the absolution
+for the magician, be so good as to furnish me with a paper likewise,--you
+know for what.  Here is my rosary; it is worth fifteen ducats; I shall
+have, therefore, something in bank until another absolution becomes
+necessary.
+
+Ferrara wrote, and the Pope signed his name beneath.
+
+_Devil_.  Does your holiness imagine that Satan will pay any regard to
+these scraps of paper?
+
+The grand inquisitor snatched his hand out of the bosom of an abbess, and
+screamed, with stammering tongue:
+
+"I smell heresy!  Who is the atheist? who has uttered that blasphemy?"
+
+The Pope pressed his forefinger softly upon the mouth of the Devil, and
+said, "Cavalier, these are state secrets: handle them not; for if you do,
+I myself, with all my authority, shall not be able to protect you."
+
+Every male in the assembly now opened his purse, either from a wish to
+pay his court to the Pope, or to quiet his conscience.  The Bishop had so
+many applications, that he was soon obliged to call in other secretaries,
+to assist him in expediting absolutions.  Each applicant took away his
+particular license, and each sought and found an opportunity of using it
+during the remainder of the night.  Never were sins committed with more
+quiet minds.
+
+Ferrara of Modena, the next day, caused this tariff to be fairly copied;
+he then sent it to the press, {249} and caused it to be secretly
+circulated throughout Christendom.
+
+Caesar Borgia did not forget the promise which he had made to his sister.
+Alphonso of Arragon was dispatched on the steps of the Gonfalonier's
+palace, at the moment he was about to enter, in order to be present at a
+play to which all the nobility of Rome had been invited, and which
+represented the victories of the great Caesar, whom Borgia intended
+henceforward to imitate, if not excel.  This latter personage shortly
+after marched out of Rome with his army; and, within the space of a few
+months, the Devil purloined from the Pope's pocket the following letter,
+which he gave Faustus to read:
+
+    "REVEREND FATHER,--
+
+    "I kiss the feet of your holiness.  Victory and fortune have followed
+    my steps, and I drag them behind my car like slaves.  I hope now that
+    Caesar is worthy of his name; for I also can say, _Veni_, _vidi_,
+    _vici_.  The Duke of Urbino has fallen into the snare which I laid
+    for him.  By virtue of your holiness' letter, I asked him for his
+    artillery to fight your enemies with.  Dazzled by the marks of
+    friendship and affection which I showed him, and which flattered his
+    self-love, he sent to me a gentleman with his consent in writing.
+    Having thus a very decent pretence, I instantly despatched some
+    thousands of men to Urbino, who, by my commands, took possession of
+    that city and of the whole duchy.  The duke, unfortunately, escaped;
+    but I revenged myself for his flight upon the powerful and dangerous
+    family of Montefeltro, and annihilated their whole race.  Vitelozzo
+    was fool enough to join me, with all his troops, near Camerino.  I
+    deceived Caesar di Varono by promising him honourable conditions if
+    he would evacuate Camerino, and I attacked the city at the very
+    moment he was engaged in signing the articles of capitulation.  I had
+    hoped to have exterminated the whole family at once; but the father
+    found means to elude me.  However, I strangled his wife, and cut the
+    throats of his two sons; and I flatter myself that despair and grief
+    will soon send the old fellow after them.  I left Camerino, and
+    despatched Paul Orsino, Vitelozzo, and Oliverotto, to Sinegaglia,
+    with orders to take the town by storm, so that they might prepare
+    their future grave with their own hands.  When I saw them all in the
+    net, I sent forward my trusty Michelotto and his associates, with
+    directions to seize the fools when I should give the signal.  I then
+    put myself upon the march, and Orsino, Vitelozzo, and Oliverotto came
+    to meet me, and pay me their respects.  They had left all the troops
+    behind them, according to my expectations.  I received them with
+    caresses, and went with them into the city; and at the very moment my
+    people fell upon their straggling soldiers, Michelotto and his
+    comrades each seized his man.  Thus I made myself master of the
+    domains and fortresses of those whom we deceived by pretending to
+    assist them in subduing their enemies.  The following night I caused
+    them to be slaughtered in their dungeons.  Michelotto, to whom I
+    intrusted this business, told me, with much laughter, that all the
+    mercy Vitelozzo prayed for was, _that he might not be murdered until
+    he had received_, _from your holiness_, _absolution for his sins_.
+    Who now will tell me that it requires much art to make oneself master
+    of the minds of men?  As soon as your holiness shall have put out of
+    the way the Orsinis and the rest, I will send the Pagolas, the Duke
+    of Gravina, and my other prisoners, to bear them company.  If
+    Carraccioli, General of the Venetians, whose lovely wife I seized
+    upon her journey, and who now sweetens my labour, should come to Rome
+    with his _complaint_, send him Michelotto's brother to be his
+    physician.  I hear that he is a turbulent, hot-headed fellow, and
+    therefore it will be as well to get rid of him.  The tumult of arms
+    has not made me forget my sister's widowhood: the envoy of the eldest
+    son of the Duke of Este is already on the way to marry her, in his
+    name.  We have now massacred the most dangerous of our foes; if we
+    can win over or exterminate (which is almost the same thing) the
+    houses of Este and Medici, who will then have the audacity to oppose
+    the Borgias in Italy?  I kiss the feet of your holiness.
+
+                                             "CAESAR BORGIA, Gonfalonier."
+
+Faustus, after reading this letter, looked angrily upward; but the Devil,
+without giving him time to moralise, led him to the Vatican, where they
+found the Pope overjoyed at the success which had attended his weapons.
+He had already ordered the remaining Orsinis, Alvianis, Santa Croces, and
+the other cardinals and archbishops, to be arrested, and awaited the
+event with impatience.  All Rome hastened to congratulate him.  Those who
+were marked out for destruction were seized in the Vatican, conducted
+into different prisons, and privately executed; whilst the myrmidons of
+the Pope plundered their palaces.  The Cardinal Orsini alone was sent to
+the Castle of Saint Angelo, and was permitted, for a few days, to be
+supplied with food from his mother's kitchen; but the Pope, having heard
+that he possessed a pearl, very precious on account of its extraordinary
+size, retracted this favour.  The mother of the once mighty and
+flourishing Orsinis went to the Vatican, and offered the Pope the pearl
+and two thousand crowns if he would liberate her son; when he seized the
+pearl and the money with one hand, and with the other gave the sign for
+the cardinal's execution.
+
+When Caesar Borgia learnt that the Pope had accomplished his design, he
+instantly commanded all his own prisoners to be assassinated; and,
+entering Rome in triumph, shared, with his holiness and the other
+illegitimates, the booty he had brought with him; and, in return,
+received his dividend of the confiscated property of the slaughtered
+cardinals and ecclesiastics.
+
+The marriage of Lucretia was soon afterwards celebrated with more than
+Asiatic pomp, and the Romans contributed to render it as brilliant as
+possible.  The bells pealed from the churches; the artillery thundered
+from Saint Angelo; there were bull-fights; the most immoral and indecent
+comedies were performed; and the delighted populace shouted before the
+Vatican, "Long live Pope Alexander! long live Lucretia, Duchess of Este!"
+Faustus huzzaed with the best of them, and said to the Devil: "If these
+acclamations ascend to heaven with the groans of the assassinated, which
+will the Eternal believe?"  The fiend bowed himself to the earth, and was
+silent.
+
+In order to crown the festivities of the marriage, Alexander and his
+daughter commanded a spectacle which must for ever stand unparalleled in
+the annals of human infamy.  The Pope sat, with his daughter, upon a
+couch, in a vast illuminated hall.  Faustus, the Devil, and others who
+had been invited to this scene, stood around them.  Suddenly the doors
+opened, and in rushed fifty nude courtesans,--more beautiful than the
+houris in Mahomet's paradise,--and performed, to the voluptuous sound of
+flutes and other instruments, a dance which decency forbids us to
+describe, although it was a Pope who designed the figure.  When the dance
+was ended, his Holiness gave the signal for a combat which we are still
+less permitted to depict,--he himself holding the prize of victory.  They
+proclaimed Faustus to be the conqueror.  Lucretia overwhelmed him with
+kisses, and crowned him with laurels; while the Pope delivered to him the
+prize,--a golden goblet, on which Lucretia had caused to be engraven the
+School of Pleasure.  Faustus gave it the very next day to a Venetian
+monk, in whose possession Aretino saw it a long time afterwards, and
+illustrated some of its incidents in his sonnets.
+
+The Pope, on the day of his daughter's marriage, had made an election of
+cardinals, choosing only the richest prelates for that dignity.  Caesar
+Borgia, being in want of large sums of money for the next campaign,
+determined to send some of the newly-elected into the other world, at a
+festival which his father intended to give at one of his villas.  [The
+details of these marriage-festivities are omitted; inasmuch as the
+grossness of the spectacle renders it unfit for the general reader.  The
+conduct of Lucretia Borgia has been the subject of much obloquy, which
+her defenders maintain rests chiefly on inferences from her living in a
+flagitious court, where she witnessed the most profligate scenes.  It is
+asserted that some of the accusations have no better foundation than the
+epigrams of Pontano, and other Neapolitan poets, the natural enemies of
+her family.--_Transl_.]  The Pope went in a coach, with his daughter, the
+Devil, Faustus, Borgia, and the wife of the Venetian general.  Here,
+after witnessing a gross spectacle, Lucretia retired with Faustus; and
+Borgia went with the Venetian; and the Pope remained alone with the
+Devil.  His holiness now made to the fiend certain proposals, which so
+exasperated the Devil that he appeared under a form which no mortal eye
+had ever yet been able to sustain.  The Pope, who knew him immediately,
+uttered a cry of joy.
+
+"Ah, ben venuto Signor Diavolo!  You could not have come to me at a more
+seasonable time than the present; I have long wished to see you, for I
+know perfectly well what a deal of use might be made of so powerful a
+spirit as yourself.  Ha, ha, ha! you please me now much better than you
+did before, you rogue, you!  Come, be my friend; assume your former
+figure, and I will make you a cardinal; for you only can raise me at once
+to the height which I wish to attain.  I entreat you to destroy my foes,
+procure me money, and drive the French out of Italy, since I have no
+further occasion for them.  This to you will merely be the work of a
+moment; and you may then ask me for any reward you please.  But by all
+means do not discover yourself to my son Caesar: he is so great a wretch,
+that I verily believe he would poison me, his father, in order to become,
+by thy help, King of Italy and Pope at the same time."
+
+The Devil, who had at first been a little mortified that his frightful
+exterior had produced no greater effect, was now unable to refrain from
+laughing; for what he saw and heard surpassed every thing which had as
+yet come to the knowledge of hell.  But recovering himself, he said, with
+a serious air, "Pope Alexander, Satan once showed to the Son of the
+Eternal all the kingdoms of the world, and offered him them, if he would
+fall down and worship him."
+
+_Pope_.  I understand you.  He was a God, and wanted nothing; had he been
+a man, and a pope, he would have done what I will now do.
+
+He fell upon his knees, and kissed the fiend's feet.
+
+The Devil stamped upon the floor, so that the whole villa trembled.
+Faustus and Lucretia, Caesar and the Venetian, saw through the door,
+which had been burst open by the shock, the Pope kneeling with clasped
+hands before the frightful figure of the Devil, who seized the trembling
+miscreant, strangled him, and gave his soul to an attendant spirit to be
+conveyed to hell.  Borgia fell to the ground in an agony of terror; and
+the horrible spectacle brought upon him an illness, which soon sent him
+after his father.  The body of the Pope, frightfully disfigured, was
+buried with much pomp; and his historians, who are not well acquainted
+with his tragic end, invented the story, which is partly founded on
+truth, that he and his son having drunk, by the cupbearer's mistake, some
+poisoned wine which had been intended for the cardinals, were thus caught
+in their own net.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+
+The horrible death of the Pope, and the frightful figure of the Devil,
+whom Faustus had hitherto only seen majestic and comely, made so strong
+an impression upon him, that he hastened from the villa to Rome; and,
+having packed up his things, instantly departed, with perturbed mind and
+beating heart.  His spirit had become so weak from all that he had seen
+and heard, that he who once dared to defy the Eternal in thought scarcely
+ventured now to look Satan in the face, though he still had absolute
+dominion over him.  Hatred and contempt for men, cruel doubt,
+indifference to every thing which occurred around him, murmurings at the
+insufficiency of his moral and physical powers, were the rewards of his
+experience and the fruits of his life; yet he consoled himself with the
+idea that what he had witnessed authorised in him these gloomy
+sentiments, and confirmed him in the opinion, that there either existed
+on earth no connexion between man and his Creator, or that, if any did
+exist, such connexion ran so confusedly and equivocally through the
+labyrinth of life, that it was impossible for the eye of man to follow
+it.  He yet flattered himself with the delusion, that his crimes, when
+added to the vast mass of earthly wickedness, would be like a drop of
+water falling into the ocean.  The Devil willingly permitted him to
+repose in this dream, in order that the blow he intended for him might
+fall with greater violence.  Faustus resembled those men of the world who
+abandon themselves to their pleasures without thinking of the
+consequences; and at length, worn out and dejected, look morosely on the
+world, and judge of the human race according to their own sad experience,
+without reflecting that they have only trodden the worst paths of life,
+and seen the worst part of the creation.  In a word, he was on the point
+of becoming a philosopher of the species of Voltaire, who, whenever he
+found the _bad_, always held it forth to public view; and, with
+unexampled industry, always endeavoured to keep the _good_ in the
+background.
+
+Faustus was lying in a sweet morning slumber on the frontiers of Italy,
+when a portentous dream depicted itself to his soul in the liveliest
+colours; and this dream was followed by a frightful apparition.  He saw
+the Genius of Man, whom he had once before seen.  He saw him upon a vast
+and blooming island, surrounded by a stormy sea, wandering up and down,
+and looking very anxiously upon the raging billows.  The ocean was
+covered with innumerable barks, in which men, aged and young, children,
+women, and maidens, of all the nations of the world, were struggling
+against the tempest, in order to reach the island.  When they arrived
+there, their first care was to bring to land different building
+materials, which they flung together confusedly.  After an immense number
+had gained the shore, the Genius marked out, upon the most elevated part
+of the island, the plan of a vast edifice; and each of the crowd, young
+and old, weak or strong, took, according to his or her strength, a piece
+from the mass of materials, and, directed by those whom the Genius had
+chosen, carried it, and deposited it at the proper place.  All worked
+with pleasure, with courage, and without relaxation; and the fabric had
+already risen high above the ground, when they were suddenly attacked by
+numerous foes, who advanced out of a dark ambush in three columns.  At
+the head of each of these columns stood a general.  The first bore a
+glittering crown upon his head; on his brazen shield was written the word
+_Power_; and in his right hand he held a sceptre, which, like the rod of
+Mercury, had a snake and a scourge twisted round it.  Before him went a
+fierce hyena, holding in its jaws a book, on the back of which was
+written _My Word_.  His troops were armed with swords, spears, and other
+implements of destruction.  The second column was commanded by a majestic
+matron, whose noble figure was clothed in a sacerdotal robe.  On her
+right stood _Superstition_, a gloomy-eyed spectre, bearing in his hand a
+bow formed from the bones of the dead, and on his back a quiver filled
+with poisoned arrows.  On her left hovered a wild, fantastically clothed
+figure, called _Fanaticism_, bearing a blazing torch.  These two
+phantoms, with menacing gestures and frightful grimaces, led the noble
+matron in chains, like a prisoner.  Before them went _Ambition_, whose
+head was adorned with a triple crown; in his hand was an episcopal staff,
+and on his mailed breast shone the word _Religion_.  Fanaticism and
+Superstition waited, with the utmost impatience, until Religion should
+give them the signal to vent their fury, which they could scarcely
+restrain.  The army was a confused and howling rabble, and each soldier
+carried a dagger and a flaming torch.  The chief of the third column
+advanced with bold and haughty steps; he was clothed in the simple dress
+of the sages, and was called _Philosophy_.  He bore in his hand, as did
+all his followers, a golden cup, filled with foaming and intoxicating
+liquor.  These two last armies howled and screamed so frightfully, that
+even the bellowing of the waters and the roar of the tempest were no
+longer audible.
+
+When the three columns arrived near the labourers, they united, by the
+directions of their generals, and attacked them furiously with their
+murderous weapons.  The most courageous of the workmen flung away their
+implements of labour, and drew their swords, which hung at their belts,
+in order to drive their foes back.  The others, in the mean time,
+endeavoured, with redoubled zeal, to complete the fabric they had begun.
+The Genius protected his brave warriors and his industrious labourers
+with a huge glittering shield, which was handed to him from the sky; but
+he could not cover the whole of the countless multitude.  He saw with
+deep sorrow thousands of his people sink to the earth beneath the swords
+and poisoned darts of their adversaries.  Many allowed themselves to be
+ensnared by the invitations and allurements of those who offered them the
+enchanted cup to refresh themselves with; and, in their intoxication,
+they soon destroyed the laborious work of their hands.
+
+Those who bore torches made their way with their daggers, and hurled the
+torches into the unfinished edifice, when the flames, rearing up,
+threatened to reduce it to ashes.  The Genius looked mournfully upon the
+slain, and on those who had been intoxicated by the deceitful beverage;
+but he encouraged the rest, and inspired them, by his firmness and his
+dignity, with strength and patience.  They extinguished the flames;
+replaced what the others had overturned; and laboured, amid death and
+destruction, with so much zeal, that, in spite of the fury and malignity
+of their foes, they raised at length a vast and sublime temple.  The
+Genius then healed the wounded, comforted the weary, praised the bold
+warriors, and conducted them all, amid songs of triumph, into the temple.
+The foes stood confounded at the enormous work; and, after they had in
+vain attempted to shatter its solidity, they retreated, with rage in
+their hearts.  Faustus now found himself upon the island.  The field
+around the majestic building was covered with dead bodies of all ages and
+of both sexes; and those who had tasted of the enchanted cup walked
+coolly among the corpses, disputed with each other, and laughed at and
+criticised the structure of the temple.  Faustus went past them, and as
+he approached the edifice he read over the entrance the following words:
+"Mortal, if thou hast bravely struggled, and hast remained faithful,
+enter, and learn to know thy noble destiny."
+
+At these words he felt his heart leap with joy, and he hoped to be now
+able to penetrate the obscurity which had so long tormented him.  With
+bold and daring pace he ran up the lofty steps, and caught a glimpse of
+the interior of the edifice, which seemed filled with the roseate colours
+of morning.  He heard the soft voice of the Genius, and was about to
+enter; but the gate of brass closed before him with a harsh sound, and he
+recoiled in terror.  His desire to penetrate into the secrets of the
+temple was increased by the impossibility.  All of a sudden he felt
+wings, and rising high into the air, he precipitated himself furiously
+against the brazen gate, was hurled back, and started out of his sleep
+just as he was on the point of touching the ground.  He opened his eyes
+in dismay.  A ghastly figure, wrapped in a winding-sheet, drew back the
+curtains of his bed.  He recognised the features of his old father, who,
+gazing upon him for a moment, said, in a lamentable voice:
+
+"Faustus! Faustus! never yet did father beget a more unfortunate son; and
+in this feeling I have just died.  For ever--ah! for ever!--must the gulf
+of damnation lie between thee and me."
+
+The portentous dream and this horrible apparition filled the soul of
+Faustus with affright.  He sprang from his bed, and opened the window to
+inhale the fresh air.  Before him lay the enormous Alps, whose tops were
+just gilded by the rising sun.  He surveyed them for some time, and at
+last fell into a profound reverie.  He trembled as he thought of his
+nocturnal vision, and was endeavouring to explain to himself its most
+prominent passages, when, falling anew into his cruel doubts, he
+exclaimed:
+
+"Whence came those monsters who attacked the industrious labourers?  By
+whom were they authorised to disturb and destroy them while engaged in
+their noble occupation?  Who permitted it?  Was he who permitted it
+unable, or did he not wish, to hinder it?  And why did the Supreme Genius
+protect and save only a part of them who were assailed by those
+cannibals?  Were some predestined to perish, in order that the others
+might triumph and taste repose?  Who, then, will dare to tell me that I
+am not one of those who are born with destruction for their lot?  What
+evil had those unfortunates committed, and why should those be esteemed
+criminal who, pressed by a burning thirst, endeavoured to quench it by
+tasting the enchanted cup?"
+
+Faustus wandered for a long time in a maze of doubt; but, remembering the
+apparition of his father, it brought back to his mind his long-forgotten
+family.  He instantly determined to return to them; to become again a
+member of society; to resume his business; and to get rid of his infernal
+companion.  He pursued his journey towards home like many others, who,
+mistaking the ardour of insensate youth for genius, enter upon the career
+of the world with high pretensions, and, having quickly exhausted the
+little fire which their souls possess, soon find themselves a burden to
+their kindred and their friends, at the very place from whence they
+started.  Faustus brooded over all this, while he rode silently and
+moodily by the side of the Devil.
+
+The latter left him to his reflections, laughed inwardly at his
+resolution, and shortened the time with the sweet idea of soon being able
+to breathe the pleasant vapours of hell.  He determined to have a bitter
+laugh at Satan, who had represented to him as a man of superior strength
+of mind this Faustus, whom he now saw completely dejected even before he
+knew the horrors of his fate.  He compared his present downcast and timid
+looks with the haughty and bold glances he had cast upon him when he
+first made him appear before his magic circle.  His hatred against him
+increased, and he rejoiced in his black soul when he saw Worms lie before
+them in the plain.
+
+They rode towards the celebrated city; and when they were about half a
+mile distant from it, they perceived a gibbet, to which was suspended a
+tall, slender youth.  Faustus lifted up his eyes and gazed upon him.  The
+evening wind blew freshly among his long hair, which half-concealed his
+face, and swung his body to and fro.  Faustus burst into tears at this
+spectacle, and cried, with trembling voice:
+
+"Poor youth! hanging at the cursed tree before thou hadst reached the
+flower of life!  What sin hast thou committed, which induced the tribunal
+of men to cut thee off so soon?"
+
+_Devil_ (_in a solemn and impressive tone_).  Faustus, this is thy work.
+
+_Faustus_.  My work!
+
+_Devil_.  Thy work.  Look at him closer.  He is thy eldest son.
+
+Faustus looked up, recognised him, and sunk from his horse.
+
+_Devil_.  Cry and groan!  The hour approaches in which I must remove the
+thick veil from before thine eyes, and blow away, with a single breath,
+the labyrinth in which thou hast so long wandered.  I will fling light
+upon the moral world, and show thee how thou hast outraged it by each of
+thy actions.  I, a devil, will show thee what are the consequences when a
+worm like thyself dares to stop the wheel of so exact and so enormous a
+machine.  Dost thou remember the youth whom I, at our departure from
+Mayence, saved from drowning by thy command?  I gave thee warning, but
+thou wouldst obey the rash impulse of thy heart.  If thou hadst permitted
+that miscreant to perish, thy son would not now be rotting on yon gibbet.
+He on whose account thou didst change the order of things, insinuated
+himself, shortly after thy departure, into the society of thy young wife.
+The glitter of the gold which we had left her in such abundance,
+attracted him much more than her youth and beauty.  It was no difficult
+thing for him to win the affections of her who had been forsaken by thee;
+and in a short time he gained such influence over her, that she delivered
+up herself and all she possessed to his will and control.  Thy old father
+endeavoured to oppose his shameless sway; but the young man insulted him
+and beat him: the poor old man sought an asylum in the workhouse, where
+he died, a few days ago, of grief for thee and thy family.  Thy son,
+having taken his grandfather's part, and threatened the life of his
+mother's seducer, was by him turned out of the house also.  The boy
+wandered among the woods and wildernesses till he was half famished.
+Arriving at length in this city, and being ashamed to beg, he stole a few
+pence from the poor-box in a church, in order to assuage his hunger; but
+he committed this theft so artlessly, that several people perceived him,
+and the most worshipful magistrate, in consideration of his youth,
+sentenced him only to be hanged: he was accordingly hanged; although he
+protested, with tears, that for the last four days he had swallowed
+nothing but grass.  Thy daughter is at Frankfort, where she subsists upon
+the earnings of vice; thy second son is in the profligate service of an
+infamous prelate.  The young man whom thou didst save from death robbed
+thy wife not long ago of her last stiver; thy friend whom we preserved
+from beggary refused thy old father the slightest assistance, and spurned
+thy children from his door when they came to him for bread.  And I will
+now show thee thy family, in order that thou mayest see to what a state
+thou hast reduced them.  I will then bring thee here again, and hold
+reckoning with thee; for I am no longer thy slave--thou art mine.  The
+worm of despair begins to gnaw within thee; thou art no longer fit to
+live, and hell only is fit to receive thee.
+
+The Devil seized the wretched man, flew with him to Mayence, and showed
+him his wife and two youngest children sitting at the gate of the
+Franciscan convent in expectation of the remnant of the monks' supper.
+When the mother beheld Faustus, she screamed, "O Heaven!  Faustus! your
+father--" then, covering her eyes with her hands, she fell into a swoon.
+The children ran to him, clung about him, and cried for bread.
+
+_Faustus_.  Devil, decide upon my fate: let it be more frightful than the
+heart of man can support or conceive, but supply these unfortunate
+creatures with bread, and rescue them from misery and hunger.
+
+_Devil_.  I have plundered for thee the earth of its treasures; thou hast
+sacrificed them to thy infamous pleasures, without once thinking of these
+wretches.  Feel now thy folly; thou hast spun the web of their destiny,
+and thy hungry, beggarly, miserable brood will transmit to their remotest
+posterity the misery of which thou art the cause.  Thou didst beget
+children--wherefore hast thou not been a father to them?  Wherefore hast
+thou sought happiness where mortal never yet found it?  Look at them once
+more.  In hell thou shalt see them again; and they will there curse thee
+for the inheritance which thou didst entail upon them.
+
+He tore him from his miserable family at the moment the wife was about to
+embrace his knees, and to ask his pardon.  Faustus wished to comfort her;
+but the Devil grasped him, and placed him once more beneath the gibbet at
+Worms.
+
+Night sunk dark upon the earth.  Faustus stood gazing on the remains of
+his unfortunate son; madness glowed in his brain, and he cried, in the
+wild tone of despair:
+
+"Devil, let me bury this poor victim; take then my life, and bear me to
+hell, where I shall never again see men in flesh and bone.  I have learnt
+to know them; I am disgusted with them, with their destination, with the
+world, and with life.  Since one good action brings on my head such
+inexpressible evils, I have reason to believe that the wicked only have a
+right to happiness.  If such be the order of things in this world, hurl
+me at once into hell.  Its darkness is a thousand times preferable to the
+light of day.
+
+_Devil_.  Not so fast, Faustus.  In the first place, I take away from
+thee thy mighty magic rod, and confine thee in the narrow circle which I
+draw around thee.  Here shalt thou listen to me, and howl and tremble.  I
+will unfold to thee the consequences of thy deeds, and will assassinate
+thee through downright despair.
+
+"Fool! thou sayest thou hast learnt to know man!  Where?  How and when
+hast thou attained this knowledge?  Hast thou ever sounded his nature?
+Hast thou separated from him that which he has acquired, and which is
+foreign to him?  Hast thou distinguished that which proceeds from his
+heart, from that which is merely the affect of an imagination corrupted
+by artifice?  Hast thou compared the wants and the desires resulting from
+his nature, with those which he owes to civilisation?  Hast thou
+considered man in his proper shape, where each of his movements bears the
+stamp of his inward disposition?  _Thou hast taken the mask of society
+for his natural figure_; _and thou hast only known that man whom his
+titles_, _his rank_, _his riches_, _his power_, _and his acquirements
+have corrupted_.  _Thou hast only known him who has sacrificed his nature
+to thy own idol_,--_to vanity_.  Thou hast merely frequented palaces and
+courts, where men spurn away the unfortunate, and laugh at the complaints
+of the oppressed, whilst they are dissipating in revel-rout and roar that
+which they have robbed them of.  Thou hast seen the sovereigns of the
+world; thou hast seen tyrants surrounded by their parasites and their
+infamous courtesans; and thou hast seen priests who make use of religion
+as an instrument of oppression.  Such are the men thou hast seen, and not
+him who groans under the heavy yoke, and comforts himself with the hope
+of futurity.  Thou hast passed by with disdain the hut of the poor and
+simple man, who does not even know your artificial wants by name, who
+gains his bread by the sweat of his brow, shares it faithfully with his
+wife and children, and rejoices, at the last moment of his life, in
+having completed his long and laborious task.  If thou hadst opened his
+door, thou wouldst not indeed have found a vain ideal of heroic and
+over-refined virtue, which is only the offspring of your vices and your
+crimes; but thou wouldst have seen a man who, in meekness and resigned
+magnanimity, shows more force of soul, than do your renowned heroes in
+their blood-stained fields of battle, or your ministers in their
+perfidious cabinets.  If it were not for these, and for your priests, and
+above all for your false philosophers, the gates of hell would soon be
+closed.  Canst thou say that thou knowest man, when thou hast only sought
+for him in the paths of vice and crime?  Dost thou know thyself?  I will
+make your wounds yet deeper, and pour poison into them.  But if I had a
+thousand human tongues, and were to keep thee here confined for as many
+years, I should still be unable to enumerate to thee all the frightful
+consequences of thy actions and thy temerity.  Know now the result of thy
+life, and remember, that I have scarcely fulfilled one of thy insensate
+desires without having forewarned thee to check it.  It is by thy command
+that I have interrupted the course of things, and committed crimes which
+I myself could scarcely have imagined; so that, devil as I am, I am not
+so bad as thyself.
+
+"Dost thou remember the nun Clara, and the voluptuous night which thou
+didst pass with her?  But how canst thou have forgotten her?  Listen now
+to the consequences.  A short time after thy departure, the Bishop, who
+was her friend and protector, died; and she, having become a mother, was
+condemned, as an object of public horror, to be starved with her child in
+a dark dungeon.  In her ravenous hunger she fell upon the newly-born, ate
+of thy flesh and her own, and prolonged her existence as long as there
+was a bone for her to gnaw.  In what had she sinned?--she who did not
+comprehend her crime; she who did not know, or even suspect, the author
+of her ignominy and her frightful death.  Feel now the result of one
+single moment of pleasure, and tremble!  Hast thou not strengthened the
+delusion which condemned her?  Must not hell now bear the reproach of thy
+crime?  Those people condemned the child as the spawn of Satan, and
+murdered the mother under the idea that she had been possessed by him;
+and through this thy deed thou hast bewildered their minds, and those of
+their posterity.
+
+"Thou wast not more fortunate with the Prince Bishop.  He caused, it is
+true, Hans Ruprecht to be buried, and provided for his family.  He
+likewise, by the trick I played him, lost his fat, and became the most
+mild and merciful of princes; but he so relaxed the band of social order
+by his over-indulgence, that his subjects soon became a horde of
+drunkards, sluggards, ruffians, and highwaymen.  The present Bishop is
+obliged to be their executioner, and to disperse and destroy a hundred
+families, in order that the rest, terrified by their example, may again
+become humanised, and submit to the laws.  The furies themselves could
+not do half the injury to these people which those now do to whom the
+Bishop has been obliged to intrust the sword of justice and the power of
+vengeance.
+
+"Doctor Robertus, the renowned champion of freedom, the man after thine
+own heart, was from his earliest youth an enemy to the Minister, whom he
+hated on account of his talents.  Envy and jealousy caused his
+independence of spirit; and if he had been in the situation of the other,
+he would have adopted with pleasure the most cruel principles of
+despotism, for which his wild and ferocious heart was only formed.  The
+honest man was the Minister; Robertus was a monster, who would have set
+the whole world in a blaze, and has done it partly, in order to satisfy
+his boundless ambition.  Thou didst oblige me to rescue him, and to
+furnish him with a large sum of money.  He made such good use of his
+freedom, his gold, and the enthusiasm which his miraculous escape had
+caused among the people, that he soon succeeded in stirring up a dreadful
+rebellion.  He armed the peasants; they murdered the nobility, and
+desolated the whole land.  The noble Minister fell a victim to his
+revenge; and Robertus, the friend of liberty, the champion of the
+oppressed, is the author of the calamitous war of the peasants, which by
+degrees will spread over the whole of Germany, and will ravage it.
+Murders, assassinations, robberies, and sacrilege are now committed with
+impunity; and thy noble hero stands at the head of a furious rabble, and
+threatens to make Germany the cemetery of the human race.  Satan himself
+could not have laboured more effectually for the destruction of mankind,
+than thou didst when I was forced by thee to rescue this madman from the
+stroke of justice.
+
+"Let us now return to the court of the German prince, where thou so
+audaciously didst make thyself the avenger of virtue and oppressed
+innocence.  That prince and his favourite affected virtues which they did
+not possess; but their actions contributed to the good of the people,
+because both had sense enough to perceive that the happiness of the
+people constitutes that of the prince.  Does the thirsty traveller know,
+or does he care, if the spring of which he drinks gushes out of a
+mountain filled with poison, provided he cools his hot blood without
+receiving any harm?  That hypocrite displeased thee because he did not
+answer to thy preconceived high opinion, which thou, for certain reasons,
+didst wish to thrust upon me; and I was compelled to strangle him by thy
+orders.  His infant son was destined to succeed him in the government.
+His tutors harassed and oppressed the people, once happy under the
+dominion of his father; they corrupted the heart and the mind of the
+future regent, who having enervated his body through early pleasure, they
+rule him now he is come of age, and are his and his people's tyrants.
+Hadst thou not compelled me to murder the father, he would have brought
+up his son in his own maxims; he would have developed his faculties, and
+have made him a man fit to govern a nation.  The numerous subjects who
+are now groaning beneath iron-handed oppression, and whose misery is all
+to be imputed to thee, would then have been the happiest in Germany.  Let
+their tears, their despair, and the horrors of an approaching
+insurrection, reward thee for having rashly exercised the duty of a
+judge.
+
+"Madman! in obedience to thy command, I burnt the castle of the fierce
+Wildgrave, with all its inhabitants, with his wife and his infant.  What
+crime had they committed?  It was a moment of delight to me.  If the
+infant was consumed on the breast of the mother, it was thy work.  If the
+Wildgrave attacked a neighbouring nobleman as the cause of the
+conflagration, set fire to his house, and ignominiously whipped him, it
+was thy work.  Thousands have already fallen beneath their reciprocal
+vengeance, and tranquillity will not be restored to that part of Germany
+until the hostile families shall be completely exhausted and annihilated.
+And thus, poor worm, hast thou avenged the innocent; thou, who all thy
+life hast been wallowing in the grossest sensuality; thou, who didst pull
+me out of hell merely to satiate thy lusts.  Groan and weep; but I will
+overwhelm thee with fresh horrors.
+
+"By thy order I infused the poison of lust into the heart of the innocent
+Angelica, she who was the ornament of her sex and of the world.  Thou
+didst enjoy her in the wild intoxication of thy senses, and she scarcely
+knew what had happened to her.  Shudder at the consequences!  I, who find
+pleasure in evil and destruction, think with pity and compassion on her
+end.  She fled from her native place, and a feeling of shame forced her
+to conceal the state in which she found herself, and to which thou hadst
+reduced her.  Alone, in solitude, and without help, amid agonising throes
+and deadly pains, she became a mother.  The child died as soon as it saw
+the light of day.  She, the wretched victim of thy momentary pleasure,
+was cast into prison, and publicly executed as an infanticide.  Thou
+shouldst have seen her in the last moments of her life; thou shouldst
+have seen her pure blood spouting high into the air, when the sword of
+the executioner separated her lovely neck."
+
+Faustus gave a loud groan.  Despair was raging in his heart.
+
+_Devil_.  The daughter of the miser in France, whom thou didst seduce,
+and in whose bosom thou didst cause slumbering desire to awake, became
+shortly afterwards the mistress of the youthful king.  She ruled him
+entirely, and in order that he might not disturb her in her intercourse
+with another lover, she urged him to the disastrous expedition into
+Italy, and brought misfortunes upon France which many future reigns will
+not be able to heal.  The flower of the French nobility, and the heroes
+of the kingdom, are rotting on the sun-scorched plains of Italy; and the
+king has returned home overwhelmed with shame and ignominy.  Thus,
+wherever thou hast wandered, thou hast scattered around thee the seeds of
+misery, which have sprung up, and will bear fruit to all eternity.
+
+"Thou didst not pay attention to the look I gave thee when I tore down
+the house upon the cruel physicians at Paris.  I had previously told thee
+that, by my destructive hand, thou didst mangle the moral world worse
+than they did the flesh of their fellow-creatures.  Thou didst pay no
+attention to that look--hear now the cause of it.  Those wretches deserve
+to perish beneath the ruins of their laboratory; but what evil had the
+poor people committed who lodged in the lower part of the house, and who
+were totally ignorant of what was going forward above their heads?  Why
+should an innocent, happy family be crushed along with those monsters?
+To satisfy thy blind vengeance, I was forced to bury them beneath stones
+and falling timbers.  Judge and avenger at the same time, thou hadst not
+thought of this.  Consider now all the consequences of thy delirium and
+thy folly; cast thine eyes along the whole chain, extending to the
+remotest posterity, and then sink beneath the terrible survey.  Did I not
+once tell thee that man is much more rash in his decisions and in his
+vengeance, than the Devil is in the accomplishment of wickedness?"
+
+Faustus opened his haggard eyes, and looked towards heaven.
+
+_Devil_.  It is deaf to thee.  Be proud of having lived a moment when thy
+atrocity was so great that it almost made the deeds of the devils
+themselves forgotten.  I speak of that moment when thou didst command me
+to withdraw the veil which concealed the Eternal from thy sight.  The
+angel whose charge it was to register thy sins averted his face, and
+struck thy name from the Book of Life.
+
+_Faustus_ (_springing up_).  Cursed be thou; cursed be myself; cursed be
+the hour of my birth; cursed be he who begot me; cursed be the breast
+which I sucked!
+
+_Devil_.  O the delightful moment!  Precious reward of my toils!  Hell
+rejoices at thy curses, and expects a yet more frightful one from thee.
+Fool! wast thou not born free?  Didst thou not bear in thy breast, like
+all who live in flesh, the instinct of good as well as of evil?  Why
+didst thou transgress, with so much temerity, the bounds which had been
+prescribed to thee?  Why didst thou endeavour to try thy strength with
+and against Him who is not to be reached?  Did not God create you in such
+a manner, that you were as much elevated above the devils as above the
+beasts of the earth?  Did he not grant you the perceptive faculty of good
+and evil?  Were not your will and choice free?  We wretches are without
+choice, without will; we are the slaves of evil and of imperious
+necessity; constrained and condemned to all eternity to wish nothing but
+evil, we are the instruments of revenge and punishment upon you.  Ye are
+kings of the creation, free beings, masters of your destiny, which ye fix
+yourselves; masters of the future, which only depends upon your actions.
+It is on account of these prerogatives that we detest you, and rejoice
+when, by your follies, your impatience, and your crimes, you cease to be
+masters of yourselves.  It is only in resignation, Faustus, that present
+or future happiness consists.  Hadst thou remained what thou wast, and
+had not doubt, pride, vanity, and voluptuousness torn thee out of the
+happy and limited sphere for which thou wast born, thou mightst have
+followed an honourable employment, and have supported thy wife and
+children; and thy family, which is now sunk into the refuse of humanity,
+would have been blooming and prosperous; lamented by them, thou wouldst
+have died calmly on thy bed, and thy example would have guided thy
+posterity along the thorny path of life.
+
+_Faustus_.  Ah, the greatest torment of the damned is, no doubt, to hear
+the devil preach penitence.
+
+_Devil_.  It is pleasant enough that you force us to moralise; but,
+wretch, if the voice of truth and of penitence were to echo down from
+heaven, you would close your ears to it.
+
+_Faustus_.  Destroy me at once, and do not kill me by thy prattling,
+which tears my heart without convincing my spirit.  Pour out thy venom,
+and do not distil it upon me drop by drop.  I am not to blame if, having
+sown the seeds of good, bad has arisen from them.  A good action has
+caused the ignominious death of my son, and a good action has
+precipitated my family into the most profound misery.
+
+_Devil_.  Why dost thou boast to me of thy good deed?  How does it
+deserve that name?  I suppose because thou didst give me a command,
+which, by the by, did not cost thee much.  To have made the action
+meritorious, thou shouldst have cast thyself into the water, and have
+saved the young man at the risk of thine own life.  I brought him to the
+shore, and disappeared; he would have known thee, and, moved by
+gratitude, would probably have become the protector, instead of the
+destroyer, of thy family.
+
+_Faustus_.  Thou canst torment me, Devil; but thou canst not, from
+stupidity, or thou wilt not, from wickedness, dispel my doubts.  Never
+have they torn my heart more venomously than at this moment, when I
+consider the miseries of my existence and of my after-destination.  Is
+human life any thing else than a tissue of crimes, torments, pains,
+hypocrisy, contradictions, and false virtues?  What are free agency,
+choice, will, and that so much vaunted faculty of distinguishing good
+from evil, if the passions drown the feeble voice of reason, as the roar
+of the sea drowns the voice of the pilot whose vessel is about to be
+dashed against the rocks?  Is it possible for man to destroy and root out
+of his breast the germ of evil which has been designedly introduced
+there?  I hate, more bitterly than ever, the world, my fellow-creatures,
+and myself.  Destined to suffer, why was I born with the desire of being
+happy?  Born for darkness, why was I filled with the desire of seeing
+light?  Why had the slave the thirst for freedom?  Why had the worm the
+wish to fly?  Why had I a boundless imagination, the teeming mother of
+bold desires, daring wishes and thoughts?  Tear from my uncertain and
+doubtful soul the flesh which envelops it; destroy in it all remembrance
+of its ever having animated a human body: I wish to become henceforward
+one of you, and only to live in the desire of evil.  Ah, Devil, this is
+not so pleasant to thy ears as the hissing, howling song of despair which
+thou didst expect.  But loosen the enchantment which fetters me in this
+circle; and let me perform my last sad duty.  I will not attempt to
+escape from thee; if I could, I would not, for the pain of hell cannot be
+greater than that which I now feel.
+
+_Devil_.  Faustus, I am pleased with thy courage, and I would sooner hear
+what thou hast said than the wild shriek of despair.  Be proud that the
+force of thy spirit has carried thee even to madness and blasphemy, for
+which the pain of hell awaits thee.  Step out of thy circle; bury that
+wretched youth; thy part will then be played here, and thou must begin
+another, which will never end.
+
+Faustus climbed the gibbet, and cut the rope from the neck of his son.
+He then bore him into a neighbouring field which the plough had lately
+turned up, and scratching a grave with his hands, he buried the body of
+the unfortunate youth.  He then returned to the Devil, and said, in a
+wild tone:
+
+"The measure of my wretchedness is full; break now the vase which can
+hold nothing more; but I have yet courage to struggle with thee for my
+life.  I will not perish like the slave who yields without resistance to
+the might of his master.  Appear to me under whatever form thou wilt, and
+I will grapple with thee.  For freedom, for independence, I once drew
+thee out of hell; on its verge I will yet assert my right to both; on the
+verge of the frightful gulf I will use my strength, and remember that I
+once saw thee tremble before my magic circle, when I threatened to
+scourge thee with my rod.  The tears which thou seest in my eyes ore
+tears of indignation, of hate, and of disgust.  Not the fiend, but my own
+heart, triumphs over me.
+
+_Devil_.  Insipid braggart!  With this form I tear off the mask which
+belied my courage.  Vengeance is at hand, and Leviathan is himself once
+more!
+
+He stood in gigantic stature before him.  His eyes glowed like full-laden
+thunder-clouds, which reflect the rays of the descending sun.  The noise
+of his breath was like the rushing of the tempest-blast.  The earth
+groaned beneath his iron feet.  The storm rustled in his hair, which
+waved round his head like the tail from the threatening comet.  Faustus
+lay before him like a worm; for the horrible sight had deprived him of
+his senses and his strength.  The Devil uttered a contemptuous laugh,
+which hissed over the surface of the earth; and seizing the trembling
+being, he tore him to pieces, as a capricious boy would tear an insect.
+He strewed the bloody members with fury and disgust about the field, and
+plunged with the soul into the depths of hell.
+
+The devils were assembled round Satan, who was consulting with his
+princes concerning the punishments which should be inflicted upon Pope
+Alexander the Sixth.  His crimes, and the last moments of his life, had
+been unparalleled, so that even the worst devils found themselves at a
+loss to allot him a punishment suitable to his deserts.  The Pope stood
+before his judges, who treated him as contemptuously as a tribunal of
+princes treats an accused person who has nothing else to recommend him
+than his being a man.  All of a sudden Leviathan rushed triumphantly into
+the midst, held the soul of Faustus on high, and then hurled it with
+violence upon the table, saying:
+
+"There you have Faustus!"
+
+He was received with so loud a bellow of joy, that the damned trembled in
+their pools: "Welcome, Prince Leviathan!  There is Faustus!  There is
+Faustus!"
+
+_Satan_.  Welcome, prince of hell.  Welcome, Faustus; we have heard
+enough of you here.
+
+_Leviathan_.  There he is, Satan; see him yourself.  He has plagued me
+not a little, but he has been a good recruit for us, and I hope that thou
+art contented with my long sojourn upon earth.  But I entreat thee, for
+many centuries to come, to send me no more on such errands; for I am
+quite weary of the human race.  I must, however, acknowledge that this
+fellow did not badly support the last hour of his life, hard as it was;
+but that arose, I suppose, from his having applied himself in his youth
+to that philosophy which thou hast taught mankind.
+
+_Satan_.  I thank thee, Prince Leviathan; and I promise thee that thou
+shalt long continue with me among the sweet vapours of this place, and
+scourge the shades of the great princes of the earth for thy pastime.
+Hem! a fine fellow, and seems to have had quite enough of men and things.
+Despair, audacity, hate, rancour, agony, and pride, have torn deep
+furrows in his soul.  He looks even at us and hell without trembling.
+Faustus, art thou become dumb of a sudden?
+
+_Faustus_.  Not from fear, I assure thee.  I have been bold to one much
+mightier than thyself, and therefore am I here.
+
+_Satan_.  Hey! carry the saucy hound to the pool of the damned; and after
+being soused therein, let him be well scourged by a legion of my most
+active pages, in order that he may become a little acquainted with the
+rules of these regions.
+
+A devil dragged Faustus to the pool; the legion swarmed after him.
+
+_Leviathan_ (_perceiving the Pope_).  Ah! welcome, Pope Alexander.  I
+hope you no longer feel any desire to make a Ganymede of the Devil.
+
+_Pope_ (_sighing_).  No, alas!
+
+_Satan_.  Ha, ha, ha!  This is now a good specimen of the men who at
+present ravage the earth; but let them once get to the new world, and
+they will make it a theatre of crimes which will put the old one to
+shame.
+
+_Pope_.  Would that I could be there too!
+
+_Satan_.  A wish truly worthy of a pope; but console thyself,--thy
+countrymen will murder millions of men for their gold.
+
+_Pope_.  What will men not do for gold?
+
+Faustus came back with his fiendish attendants.
+
+_Satan_.  Well, Faustus, how do you like your bath, and those that rubbed
+you dry?
+
+_Faustus_.  Maddening and intolerable thought, that the noble and
+ethereal part of man must expiate the sins of a body formed of clay!
+
+The devils laughed till the vaults reechoed.
+
+_Satan_.  Bravo, Faustus!  I am convinced, from thy words and behaviour,
+that thou art too good for a man.  I am, besides, much indebted to thee
+for having invented Printing, that art which is so singularly useful to
+us.
+
+_Pope_.  What, a printer!  He gave himself out at my court for a
+gentleman, and won my daughter Lucretia!
+
+_Faustus_.  Silence, proud Spaniard.  I paid her richly; and thou wouldst
+have prostituted thyself to me for a like sum, if I had been one of thine
+own stamp.  My noble invention will sow more good, and will be more
+profitable to the human race, than all the popes from St. Peter down to
+thyself.
+
+_Satan_.  Thou art mistaken, Faustus.  In the first place, men will rob
+thee of the honour of having invented this art.
+
+_Faustus_.  That is worse than damnation.
+
+_Satan_.  Observe now this man: he stands before me, the ruler here, and
+holds everlasting torments as nothing when compared with the loss of his
+fame and glory, those chimeras of his overheated brain.  In the second
+place, Faustus, the shades will descend by hundreds of thousands, will
+fall upon thee, and overwhelm thee with curses, for having converted the
+little stream which poisoned the human mind into a monstrous flood.  I,
+who am the ruler here, and shall gain by it, am therefore thy debtor; and
+if thou wilt curse the Eternal, who either could not or would not make
+thee better, thou shalt escape the torments of this place, and I will
+make thee a prince of my dark kingdom.
+
+_Pope_.  Let me be the first to curse, O Satan; as a pope, I have an
+undoubted right to the precedence.
+
+_Satan_.  Observe these men, ye devils, and see how they outdo ye.  No,
+Pope; thou didst it when thy lips kissed the feet of my Leviathan.
+Choose, Faustus.
+
+Faustus stepped forward; raging despair was engraven in frightful
+characters on his shadowy face.  He--!  Who can express what he said?
+
+The devils trembled at his words, and were astonished at his audacity.
+Since hell first existed, no such stillness had reigned in the dark,
+frightful kingdom, the abode of eternal misery.  Faustus broke it, and
+required Satan to fulfil his promise.
+
+_Satan_.  Fool! how canst thou imagine that I, ruler of hell, will keep
+my word, as there is no example of a prince of earth ever having kept his
+word when he got nothing by so doing?  If thou canst forget that thou art
+a man, forget not that thou standest before the Devil.  My fiendish
+subjects turned pale at thy temerity; thy horrid words made my firm and
+imperishable throne tremble; and I thought for a moment that I had risked
+too much.  Away! thy presence makes me uneasy; and thou art a proof that
+man can do more than the Devil can bear.  Drag him, ye fiends, into the
+most frightful corner; let him there languish in solitude, and madden at
+the recollection of his deeds, and of this moment, which he can never
+atone for.  Let no shade approach him.  Go, thou accursed one, and hover
+alone and abandoned in that land where neither hope, comfort, nor sleep
+are found.  Those doubts which have tormented thee in life shall for ever
+gnaw thy soul, and no one shall explain to thee that mystery, the pursuit
+of which has brought thee here.  This is the most painful punishment of
+all to a philosopher like thee.  Drag him away, I repeat; torture him.
+Seize that Pope, and plunge him into the hottest pool; for their equals
+are not to be found in hell.
+
+After their departure, Satan said to himself, smiling:
+
+"When men wish to represent any thing abominable, they paint the Devil:
+let us, therefore, in revenge, when we wish to represent any thing
+infamous, depict man; and philosophers, popes, priests, conquerors,
+ministers, and authors, shall serve us as models."
+
+
+
+
+Footnotes:
+
+
+{134}  It is not out of fear that I refrain from giving the names of the
+German princes who appear in this work, but because, having discovered
+the secret springs of their actions, I should too often have to
+contradict their lying, flattering, ignorant historians; and men who
+willingly allow themselves to be deceived, might perhaps doubt the truth
+of my assertions.  Hercules himself could not clear away all the ordure
+which these historians have heaped up.--_Original_.
+
+{249} See _Taxae Cancellariae Apostolicae_, &c., printed at Rome and
+Paris.
+
+
+
+
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