diff options
Diffstat (limited to '25462-h/25462-h.htm')
| -rw-r--r-- | 25462-h/25462-h.htm | 5108 |
1 files changed, 5108 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/25462-h/25462-h.htm b/25462-h/25462-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..aab18fc --- /dev/null +++ b/25462-h/25462-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,5108 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Little Folks' Handy Book, by Lina Beard And Adelia B. Beard. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p {margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + text-indent: 1.25em; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + img {border: 0;} + .tnote {border: dashed 1px; margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em;} + ins {text-decoration:none; border-bottom: thin dotted gray;} + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; /* all headings centered */ + clear: both; + } + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { /* uncomment the next line for invisible page numbers */ + /* visibility: hidden; */ + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } /* page numbers */ + + .blockquot{margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: justify;} + + .bbox {border: solid 2px; margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%; padding-bottom: .5em; padding-top: .5em; + padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .figleft {float: left; clear: left; margin-left: 0; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: + 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .figright {float: right; clear: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; + margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 0; padding: 0; text-align: center;} + + .unindent {margin-top: .75em; + text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + .right {text-align: right;} + .poem {margin-left: 30%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: left;} + .poem2 {margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: left;} + .sig {margin-right: 10%; text-align: right;} + + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Little Folks' Handy Book, by +Lina Beard and Adelia B. Beard + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Little Folks' Handy Book + +Author: Lina Beard + Adelia B. Beard + +Release Date: May 13, 2008 [EBook #25462] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LITTLE FOLKS' HANDY BOOK *** + + + + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Emmy and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[i]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 259px;"> +<img src="images/icover.jpg" width="259" height="400" alt="Cover" title="Cover" /> +</div> + + +<h1>Little Folks'<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Handy Book</span></h1> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[ii]</a></span></p> +<h2>BOOKS BY<br /> +LINA BEARD AND ADELIA B. BEARD</h2> + +<div class='center'> +<i>Illustrated by the Authors</i><br /></div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Books by Lina and Adelia Beard"> +<tr><td align='left'>ON THE TRAIL</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>THINGS WORTH DOING AND HOW TO DO THEM</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>RECREATIONS FOR GIRLS—INDOOR AND OUTDOOR</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>WHAT A GIRL CAN MAKE AND DO, AND NEW IDEAS FOR WORK AND PLAY</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>THE AMERICAN GIRL'S HANDY BOOK; or, HOW TO AMUSE YOURSELF AND OTHERS</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>LITTLE FOLKS' HANDY BOOK</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<div class='center'>———————————<br /> +CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span></p> +<div class='bbox'><h1>Little Folks'<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 4em;">Handy Book</span></h1> + +<h3>By</h3> + +<h2>LINA BEARD AND ADELIA B. BEARD</h2> + +<div class='center'><br /><br /><br />With Many Illustrations<br /> + +by the Authors<br /> +<br /> +<br /><br /><br /> +Charles Scribner's Sons<br /> +<small>NEW YORK CHICAGO BOSTON</small><br /></div></div> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span></p> + +<div class='center'> +<span class="smcap">Copyright, 1910, by</span><br /> +CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS<br /> + + +Printed in the United States of America<br /> +<br /> + +<br /><br /><br /> +SPECIAL NOTICE</div> + +<div class='unindent'>All the material in this book, both text and cuts, is original with the +authors and invented by them; and warning is hereby given that the +unauthorized printing of any portion of the text and the reproduction +of any of the illustrations or diagrams are expressly forbidden.</div> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;"> +<img src="images/emblem.png" width="150" height="175" alt="Emblem" title="Emblem" /> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p> + +<h2>PREFACE</h2> + + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Let</span> <i>me</i> do it. Let <i>me</i> make it," is the cry when a child +sees an older person putting together the different parts of +an interesting piece of work; and it is this desire to do +things himself, this impulse toward self-expression, that, +when properly directed, forms so great a factor in his all-around +development and education. Using the hands and +brain together stimulates interest and quickens observation +and intelligence, and, as the object takes form beneath the +little fingers, the act of making, of creating, brings with it a +delight and satisfaction which the mere possession of the +same thing made by another can not give. "Look! See +what <i>I</i> have made," comes with a ring of triumph as the +childish hands gleefully hold up the finished article for +inspection.</p> + +<p>In this book we have endeavored to open a new and +large field of simple handicrafts for little folk, giving them +an original line of toys and a new line of materials with +which to make them. We hope in these pages to bring to +children the joy of making creditable and instructive toys +of such ordinary things as empty spools, sticks of kindling +wood, wooden clothespins, natural twigs, old envelopes and +newspapers, and in this way to encourage resourcefulness,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span> +originality, inventiveness, and the power to do with supplies +at hand.</p> + +<p>Everything described in the book has been actually made +by the authors, and made by such practical and simple +methods that a child's mind can grasp them, and a child's +hands be easily trained to manufacture the articles. It is, +therefore, our hope that the "Little Folks' Handy Book" +will be found useful both in Kindergarten and Primary +grades of the schools and in the home nursery; a helpful +friend to teachers and to mothers.</p> + +<div class='sig'> +<span class="smcap">Lina Beard</span>.<br /> +<span class="smcap">Adelia B. Beard</span>.<br /> +</div><p> +<span class="smcap">Flushing, N. Y.</span>, <i>February 10, 1910.</i><br /></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p> + +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> + + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents"> +<tr><td align='left' colspan='2'><small>CHAPTER</small></td><td align='right'><small>PAGE</small></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>I.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Paper Building Cards</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>II.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Toys Made of Common Wooden Berry-Baskets</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_5">5</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>III.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Straw and Paper Furniture</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_9">9</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>IV.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">A Newspaper Boat which Will Sail on Real Water</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_15">15</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>V.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Paper Jewelry</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_19">19</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>VI.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">What to Make of Empty Spools</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_28">28</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>VII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Old Envelope Toys and How to Make Them</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_47">47</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>VIII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Toys of Clothespins</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>IX.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Scrap-Books</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_64">64</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>X.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Toys Made of Common Kindling Wood</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_70">70</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XI.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Little Twig People</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_79">79</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Visiting-Card Houses</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_90">90</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XIII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Playing Indians with Costumes Made of Newspapers</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_98">98</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XIV.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Christmas-Tree Decorations</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_106">106</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XV.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">A Home-Made Santa Claus</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_124">124</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XVI.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Nature Study with Tissue-Paper</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_130">130</a></td></tr> +</table></div> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> + +<h2>LITTLE FOLKS' HANDY BOOK</h2> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CHAPTER I</h2> + +<h3>PAPER BUILDING CARDS</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Make</span> your building cards of ordinary writing-paper. +You may have as many cards as you like, though twelve are +all that are used to make the things shown in our photographs.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_1" id="Fig_1"></a> +<img src="images/i009a.png" width="300" height="169" alt="Fig. 1—Cut an oblong out like this." title="Fig. 1—Cut an oblong out like this." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 1—Cut an oblong out like this.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"><a name="Fig_2" id="Fig_2"></a> +<img src="images/i009b.png" width="200" height="156" alt="Fig. 2—This is the building card." title="Fig. 2—This is the building card." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 2—This is the building card.</span> +</div> + +<p>For each card cut an oblong of paper five inches long and +two and a half inches wide. This is a very good size, but you +can make them a little larger or smaller. Always remember, +however, to have them just twice as long as they are wide, and +all of one size. When you have cut out the oblong (<a href="#Fig_1">Fig. 1</a>) +fold it through the middle, bringing the two short edges evenly +together. The dotted line in <a href="#Fig_1">Fig. 1</a> shows where it is to be +folded. Now open the oblong half-way and you will have +the building card (<a href="#Fig_2">Fig. 2</a>). They are very simple and easy +to make, aren't they? But wonderful and delightful things<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> +can be built with these pieces of paper. You can have a +whole camp of little tents by standing the cards with the +folded edge up; and to make</p> + + +<h3>A Camp Chair</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>all you need do is to push two of your tents close together, +then on top of their folded edges lay another card with one +flat side down to form the seat and the other side up for the +back.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 272px;"><a name="Fig_3" id="Fig_3"></a> +<img src="images/i010a.jpg" width="272" height="300" alt="Fig. 3—You can make a little camp chair." title="Fig. 3—You can make a little camp chair." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 3—You can make a little camp chair.</span> +</div> + +<p>The second illustration (<a href="#Fig_3">Fig. 3</a>) shows just how to do this. +Use the tents again for</p> + + +<h3>The Pyramid</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>in <a href="#Fig_4">Fig. 4</a>. Stand three tents in a row close together. On top +of these make a floor by laying two cards across with one side +of each card extending down at the back of the tents. Then +build a second story—two tents this time, with a floor on top.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 265px;"><a name="Fig_4" id="Fig_4"></a> +<img src="images/i010b.jpg" width="265" height="300" alt="Fig. 4—Use the tents to make this pyramid." title="Fig. 4—Use the tents to make this pyramid." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 4—Use the tents to make this pyramid.</span> +</div> + +<p>The third and top story will be one tent, which forms the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> +peak of the pyramid. Of course you can make your pyramid +very much larger by adding more tents to the first row and +then building it up higher.</p> + + +<h3>The Stable</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>is very cunning with its four little stalls. To build it you +must stand the cards on their side edges as in <a href="#Fig_2">Fig. 2</a>. One +side forms the back wall of the stall, the other the side wall. +When you have reached the end of the row you will find the +last stall lacks a side wall, but all you have to do is to slide +another back wall behind the last and there you have the +needed side wall. Put a roof over the stalls just as you made +the floors for your pyramid, and then stand a tent on top for +the cupola. Place a card at each end of the stalls, as shown +in the illustration, and your stable is ready for its tiny horses.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 467px;"><a name="Fig_5" id="Fig_5"></a> +<img src="images/i011.jpg" width="467" height="250" alt="Fig. 5—A little stable with four little stalls." title="Fig. 5—A little stable with four little stalls." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 5—A little stable with four little stalls.</span> +</div> + +<p>Build</p> + + +<h3>The Garden Wall</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_6">Fig. 6</a>) by standing the cards on their side edges. You can +make the garden any size or shape you like, but always have<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span> +the gateway just wide enough to hold the tent roof on top. +See how the cards stand with edges in on either side of the +opening. This will support the tent-shaped roof. Perhaps +the children will want a house in the garden. You can build +one if you try. Then see how many more things can be +made of the paper cards, for I have not told you half of them.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_6" id="Fig_6"></a> +<img src="images/i012.jpg" width="400" height="232" alt="Fig. 6—A garden wall and gateway." title="Fig. 6—A garden wall and gateway." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 6—A garden wall and gateway.</span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER II</h2> + +<h3>TOYS MADE OF COMMON WOODEN BERRY-BASKETS</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Use</span> a one-quart wooden berry-box for the china closet +(<a href="#Fig_7">Fig. 7</a>). Turn the empty box facing you, and slide the +prongs of a clothespin up through the open crack at the +lower right hand of the box. Allow one prong of the clothespin +to come on the outside and the other prong on the inside +of the thin wooden side of the box; adjust the clothespin well +to the front edge of the box, and it will form the right-hand +front leg of the china closet. Add another leg in like manner +on the same side of the box for the back leg; then slide two +more clothespins up on the opposite side of the box to form +the remaining two legs (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig. 8</a>).</p> + +<div class='center'><a name="Fig_7" id="Fig_7"></a> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Berry basket china closet"> +<tr><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 270px;"><img src="images/i013a.jpg" width="270" height="280" alt="Fig. 7—The berry-basket china closet." title="Fig. 7—The berry-basket china closet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 7—The berry-basket china closet.</span> +</div></td><td align='center'><br /><div class="figcenter" style="width: 270px;"><a name="Fig_8" id="Fig_8"></a> +<img src="images/i013b.jpg" width="270" height="280" alt="Fig. 8—Slide clothespins on the basket for legs." title="Fig. 8—Slide clothespins on the basket for legs." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 8—Slide clothespins on the basket for legs.</span> +</div> +</td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + +<p>The prongs of the clothespins do not reach up to the top +of the inside of the box, but leave sufficient space for a shelf.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> +Make the shelf by laying a clothespin across from side to +side, supported by the prongs of the back legs, and another +across, supported by the prongs of the front legs (<a href="#Fig_8">Fig. 8</a>). +The clothespin used for the front of the shelf will probably +have to be a trifle longer than that for the back, as the box +is wider in front than at the back. Set some toy dishes on +the top, the shelf, and the inside bottom of the china closet, +as in <a href="#Fig_7">Fig. 7</a>.</p> + +<p>With another quart berry-box and four more clothespins +make the</p> + + +<h3>Doll's Table</h3> + +<p>Slide the prongs of a clothespin down on either side of the +box at the four corners (<a href="#Fig_9">Fig. 9</a>), then turn the table right side +up, placing it on its feet. Set the table with toy dishes, and +dinner will be ready (<a href="#Fig_10">Fig. 10</a>).</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Table"> +<tr><td align='center'><br /><div class="figcenter" style="width: 299px;"><a name="Fig_9" id="Fig_9"></a> +<img src="images/i014a.jpg" width="299" height="300" alt="Fig. 9—Slide the prongs of the clothespins down on the sides of the box." title="Fig. 9—Slide the prongs of the clothespins down on the sides of the box." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 9—Slide the prongs of the clothespins down on the sides of the box.</span> +</div> +</td><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 241px;"><a name="Fig_10" id="Fig_10"></a> +<img src="images/i014b.jpg" width="241" height="300" alt="Fig. 10—Make the doll's table." title="Fig. 10—Make the doll's table." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 10—Make the doll's table.</span> +</div> +</td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<p>The table can be turned into a dressing-case by standing +two clothespins on their heads at each side of the back of the +top of the table, and sliding a piece of stiff paper across from +clothespin to clothespin between the prongs for a mirror<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> +(<a href="#Fig_11">Fig. 11</a>). Of course, the addition of a fringed white paper, +or cloth scarf, over the top of the dressing-case would enhance +its appearance, as would also a table-cloth over the top of +the dinner table, but the covers were purposely omitted in +the photographs that one may see exactly how the articles +were made.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 216px;"><a name="Fig_11" id="Fig_11"></a> +<img src="images/i015a.jpg" width="216" height="310" alt="Fig. 11—The table can be turned into a dressing-case." title="Fig. 11—The table can be turned into a dressing-case." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 11—The table can be turned into a dressing-case.</span> +</div> + +<p>Make a</p> + + +<h3>Dolly's Bassinet</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_12">Fig. 12</a>) of a small oblong berry-basket with four clothespin +legs slanting outward at the bottom and the prongs of the legs +on each side brought together at the top (<a href="#Fig_13">Fig. 13</a>). On the +centre of one end of the basket slide down the prongs of a +fifth clothespin to form the upright for holding drapery (<a href="#Fig_13">Fig. 13</a>). When adjusted, fold a lady's handkerchief diagonally +through the centre and hang it over the support, as in <a href="#Fig_12">Fig. 12</a>. +The bassinet will then be ready for a folded handkerchief as +bedding and a little baby doll.</div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Bassinet"> +<tr><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 328px;"><a name="Fig_12" id="Fig_12"></a> +<img src="images/i015b.jpg" width="328" height="320" alt="Fig. 12—A perfect little bassinet." title="Fig. 12—A perfect little bassinet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 12—A perfect little bassinet.</span> +</div> +</td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 311px;"><a name="Fig_13" id="Fig_13"></a> +<img src="images/i016a.jpg" width="311" height="250" alt="Fig. 13—The bassinet without the drapery." title="Fig. 13—The bassinet without the drapery." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 13—The bassinet without the drapery.</span> +</div> +</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p>A comical little berry-basket<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>"Bow-wow"</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_14">Fig. 14</a>) can be made by using a two-quart basket for the +body, the bassinet basket for a head, and clothespins for +ears, tail, and legs. Fasten the legs on the body so that the +front legs will slant forward and the back legs backward, that +the dog may appear to be running (<a href="#Fig_15">Fig. 15</a>); slide a clothespin +on the end of the basket for a tail; then fasten two +clothespins slanting backward on the small basket for ears; +set the small basket on the front end of the large one, placing +it so that almost half of it projects over the large basket, and +the comical little dog will be finished.</div> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 328px;"><a name="Fig_14" id="Fig_14"></a> +<img src="images/i016b.jpg" width="328" height="250" alt="Fig. 14—A comical berry-basket "bow-wow"." title="Fig. 14—A comical berry-basket "bow-wow"." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 14—A comical berry-basket "bow-wow".</span> +</div> +</td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 387px;"><a name="Fig_15" id="Fig_15"></a> +<img src="images/i016c.jpg" width="387" height="200" alt="Fig. 15—Put the legs on slantingly." title="Fig. 15—Put the legs on slantingly." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 15—Put the legs on slantingly.</span> +</div> +</td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<p><a href="#Fig_16">Fig. 16</a> shows two clothespin horses attached to a</p> + + +<h3>Berry-basket Wagon</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>with clothespin wheels. The driver is a clothespin held up +by a clothespin seat, and the wagon is filled with clothespin +people along each side edge.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 410px;"><a name="Fig_16" id="Fig_16"></a> +<img src="images/i016d.jpg" width="410" height="200" alt="Fig. 16—The berry-basket wagon with clothespin horses." title="Fig. 16—The berry-basket wagon with clothespin horses." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 16—The berry-basket wagon with clothespin horses.</span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER III</h2> + +<h3>STRAW AND PAPER FURNITURE</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">A handful</span> of straws, such as are used for lemonade and +soda-water, several large sheets of writing-paper, and some +small-sized pins—these are your materials. A pair of sharp +scissors, a ruler marked off into whole, half, and quarter +inches, and a lead pencil—these are your tools.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 419px;"><a name="Fig_17" id="Fig_17"></a> +<img src="images/i017.jpg" width="419" height="400" alt="Fig. 17—The old-fashioned bedstead." title="Fig. 17—The old-fashioned bedstead." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 17—The old-fashioned bedstead.</span> +</div> + +<p>We will begin with the old-fashioned four-post bedstead +with its canopy and valances (<a href="#Fig_17">Fig. 17</a>). It is easily put<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> +together, but you must be careful to cut the straws for the +posts all exactly the same length, making them about seven +inches long, and to have your measurements for the other +parts quite correct, in order that the bedstead may stand +perfectly upright. Select four straight straws for the posts—sound +and whole. Split straws will not do.</p> + +<p>The mattress and canopy are exactly alike; each has its +valance, and they are just the same size; so directions for one +will answer for both. Cut an oblong of writing-paper eight +and a half inches long and six and a half inches wide. Be +sure that the ends and side edges form perfect right angles; +if they do not, the bed will be crooked. The edges of your +sheet of writing-paper are at right angles to one another, and +if you use the top edge of your paper for the top edge of your +oblong, and the side edge of the paper for one side edge of +your oblong, the rest will come out all right.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 391px;"><a name="Fig_18" id="Fig_18"></a> +<img src="images/i018.png" width="391" height="300" alt="Fig. 18—The mattress and canopy." title="Fig. 18—The mattress and canopy." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 18—The mattress and canopy.</span> +</div> + +<p>Now draw perfectly straight lines across your oblong from +top to bottom, just one and a half inches from each edge +(<a href="#Fig_18">Fig. 18</a>). Then from +side to side draw two +more straight lines; the +first one and a half inches +below the top edge and +the other one and a half +inches above the bottom +edge. This gives the +mattress with a border +all around. In each corner +of the mattress, a little +more than a quarter +of an inch from the end and side lines, draw a small cross as +shown in <a href="#Fig_18">Fig. 18</a>. Be sure these crosses are placed correctly, +and are exactly alike in mattress and canopy. Now cut out +the four squares at the corners of the oblong, as indicated by +the heavy lines in <a href="#Fig_18">Fig. 18</a>, and insert the point of your scissors<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> +in the centre of each little cross and snip along each line of +the cross. Do not make the slashes too deep.</p> +<div class="figright" style="width: 198px;"><a name="Fig_19" id="Fig_19"></a> +<img src="images/i019.png" width="198" height="300" alt="Fig. 19—Slide the paper down to the pin." title="Fig. 19—Slide the paper down to the pin." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 19—Slide the paper down to the pin.</span> +</div> + +<p>Cut the edges of the border, or valance, into small points, +as in <a href="#Fig_17">Fig. 17</a>; then bend the valance down at the sides and +ends of the mattress. The dotted +lines in the diagrams show where to +bend the paper. Make the canopy +just as you have made the mattress, +but cut deeper points on the edge of +the valance.</p> + +<p>Through each of the four straw +bedposts run a small pin two and a +quarter inches from the end of the +straw (<a href="#Fig_19">Fig. 19</a>).</p> + + + +<p>Push the long ends of the straws +up through the slashed crosses in the +corners of the mattress (<a href="#Fig_19">Fig. 19</a>) until +the bottom of the mattress rests on +the pins, then run a pin through each +straw just above and close to the top of the mattress. Between +the two pins the paper can slip neither up nor down. +Run another pin in each straw post half an inch from the +top, slide the canopy down upon these, and fasten with more +pins, as you did the mattress. Make the bolster by folding +a piece of paper the proper shape and cutting the end edges +in points for trimming.</p> + +<p>Now you not only know how to make the bedstead, but</p> + + +<h3>The Little Table</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>as well, for if you will look at <a href="#Fig_20">Fig. 20</a> you will see that it is +put together in the same manner as the bedstead.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 364px;"><a name="Fig_20" id="Fig_20"></a> +<img src="images/i020.jpg" width="364" height="400" alt="Fig. 20—The little table." title="Fig. 20—The little table." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 20—The little table.</span> +</div> + +<p>Make the legs of the table three inches long. Cut the top +of the table four inches long and three and a half inches +wide, and the shelf three and a half inches long and three<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> +inches wide. Measure one-quarter of an inch from each +edge of the table top and draw straight lines as in <a href="#Fig_21">Fig. 21</a>. +This will give you a narrow border all around the top.</p> + +<p>Make and cut the little crosses in the corners of top and +shelf, then cut out the squares at the corners of the top and +bend down the edges. The shelf of the table should be one +inch above the bottom ends of the straws, and the top of the +table one-quarter of an inch below the top ends of the +straws.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 371px;"><a name="Fig_21" id="Fig_21"></a> +<img src="images/i021.png" width="371" height="300" alt="Fig. 21—A narrow border all around the +table top." title="Fig. 21—A narrow border all around the +table top." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 21—A narrow border all around the +table top.</span> +</div> + +<p>By making the straw legs of the table twice as long, and +the top and shelves narrower, you can have another useful +article of furniture, for by adding two shelves of paper on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span> +the straws, and fastening them in the same way, this can be +used as a cupboard or shelves on which to place the tiny +doll dishes or clothes. The table can also be made into a +little dressing-table, by simply +using for the back legs +straws twice as long as the +front legs and then slipping +a square piece of paper on +the straws that extend above +the table, to serve as a mirror. +Just as the paper is +slipped on the straws for the +back of the chair (<a href="#Fig_22">Fig. 22</a>), +silver paper is pasted on this +to make it look like glass.</p> + +<p>With these few patterns you can make any number of +useful articles to furnish Miss Dolly's house. You can make +small beds and large beds, small tables and large tables, and +many sizes of chairs.</p> + +<p>You can make</p> + + +<h3>The Chair</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>by merely looking at <a href="#Fig_22">Fig. 22</a> and the diagrams, <a href="#Fig_23">Figs. 23</a> and +<a href="#Fig_24">24</a>. No pins were used in this, but if you want the chair to +last it is best to fasten it securely like the rest of the furniture. +The straws for the back should be six inches long and for the +front legs two and a quarter inches long. The shelf under +the chair is the size of the seat.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 209px;"><a name="Fig_22" id="Fig_22"></a> +<img src="images/i022.jpg" width="209" height="400" alt="Fig. 22—The high-backed chair." title="Fig. 22—The high-backed chair." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 22—The high-backed chair.</span> +</div> + +<p>This furniture will be especially useful in playing with +paper dolls, and by using different colors, in colored papers, +you can have a blue room, a pink room, and a green +room.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 188px;"><a name="Fig_23" id="Fig_23"></a> +<img src="images/i022a.png" width="188" height="300" alt="Fig. 23—Push the straw through the back of the chair." title="Fig. 23—Push the straw through the back of the chair." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 23—Push the straw through the back of the chair.</span> +</div> + +<p>You can make tissue-paper sheets and spread for the bed +and pillow-slips, too, if you like. Thus dolly can be tucked +away snugly for the night.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p> + +<p>The ingenuity exercised in the construction of these simple +articles will encourage the development of deftness and skill +in the little fingers, which are ever ready to imitate anything +that teacher can make.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 101px;"><a name="Fig_24" id="Fig_24"></a> +<img src="images/i022b.png" width="101" height="100" alt="Fig. 24—Cut the back and seat like these." title="Fig. 24—Cut the back and seat like these." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 24—Cut the back and seat like these.</span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER IV</h2> + +<h3>A NEWSPAPER BOAT WHICH WILL SAIL ON REAL WATER</h3> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 499px;"><a name="Fig_25" id="Fig_25"></a> +<img src="images/i023.png" width="499" height="400" alt="Fig. 25—The newspaper boat made water-proof and sailing on real water." title="Fig. 25—The newspaper boat made water-proof and sailing on real water." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 25—The newspaper boat made water-proof and sailing on real water.</span> +</div> + +<p><span class="smcap">You</span> can fold a thirteen-and-a-half-inch square of newspaper +into a fine boat measuring thirteen inches from stem +to stern. It will be a good, stanch craft like <a href="#Fig_25">Fig. 25</a>, to float +and sail out in the open on pond, lake, or river, or at home in +basin or bath tub.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 247px;"><a name="Fig_26" id="Fig_26"></a> +<img src="images/i024a.png" width="247" height="250" alt="Fig. 26—Square of newspaper for making boat." title="Fig. 26—Square of newspaper for making boat." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 26—Square of newspaper for making boat.</span> +</div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 454px;"><a name="Fig_27" id="Fig_27"></a> +<img src="images/i024b.png" width="454" height="250" alt="Fig. 27—Paper folded at centre." title="Fig. 27—Paper folded at centre." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 27—Paper folded at centre.</span> +</div> + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 315px;"><a name="Fig_28" id="Fig_28"></a> +<img src="images/i024c.png" width="315" height="100" alt="Fig. 28—Paper with sides bent down, making four layers." title="Fig. 28—Paper with sides bent down, making four layers." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 28—Paper with sides bent down, making four layers.</span> +</div> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='center'>blah</td><td align='left'>center</td></tr> +</table></div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 366px;"><a name="Fig_29" id="Fig_29"></a> +<img src="images/i024d.png" width="366" height="200" alt="Fig. 29—Paper ready to turn back lower corners." title="Fig. 29—Paper ready to turn back lower corners." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 29—Paper ready to turn back lower corners.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 377px;"><a name="Fig_30" id="Fig_30"></a> +<img src="images/i024e.png" width="377" height="200" alt="Fig. 30—Ready for folding back the upper corners." title="Fig. 30—Ready for folding back the upper corners." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 30—Ready for folding back the upper corners.</span> +</div> + +<p>Cut your square of paper even and straight. Place it out flat +on top of a bare table and fold at the centre along the dotted +line (<a href="#Fig_26">Fig. 26</a>), which will make <a href="#Fig_27">Fig. 27</a>. Bend each side of this +down outwardly along its centre at the dotted line and bring +the edges a quarter of an inch lower than the bottom fold A; +then your paper will be four layers like <a href="#Fig_28">Fig. 28</a>. Turn up the +lower edge B of <a href="#Fig_28">Fig. 28</a>, making <a href="#Fig_29">Fig. 29</a>. Fold back the three +lower layers of the corners at the dotted lines (<a href="#Fig_29">Fig. 29</a>) and +you will have <a href="#Fig_30">Fig. 30</a>. Bend back the upper corners at the dotted +lines to make <a href="#Fig_31">Fig. 31</a>. Open <a href="#Fig_31">Fig. 31</a> at the top and it will +be your boat. Turn the boat upside down and slide one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span> +loose edge on the bottom under the other loose edge; then +pinch each bottom point and bend it down toward the centre +of the boat, creasing it flat (<a href="#Fig_32">Fig. 32</a>). Turn the boat right side +up again, set it on the table, bend the two sides well up and +crease them along the bottom until the boat resembles <a href="#Fig_33">Fig. 33</a>.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 358px;"><a name="Fig_31" id="Fig_31"></a> +<img src="images/i025a.png" width="358" height="115" alt="Fig. 31—Square folded into boat." title="Fig. 31—Square folded into boat." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 31—Square folded into boat.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_32" id="Fig_32"></a> +<img src="images/i025b.png" width="400" height="115" alt="Fig. 32—Fold points on bottom of boat inward toward centre—this way." title="Fig. 32—Fold points on bottom of boat inward toward centre—this way." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 32—Fold points on bottom of boat inward toward centre—this way.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_33" id="Fig_33"></a> +<img src="images/i025c.png" width="400" height="130" alt="Fig. 33—Newspaper boat without sail." title="Fig. 33—Newspaper boat without sail." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 33—Newspaper boat without sail.</span> +</div> + +<p>To render the craft water-proof melt a piece of wax candle, +turn the boat upside down again and give the bottom a coat +of the melted white wax, extending the coat half way or more +up the sides. Use a teaspoon for pouring the wax over the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span> +boat; the hot wax soon hardens and in a few moments you +may launch the little craft on the water.</p> + +<p>If you want to make a</p> + + +<h3>Sailing Vessel</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>of your boat, roll up a one-inch-wide strip of newspaper into +an old-fashioned paper lighter, which is merely rolling the +strip spirally into a round stick; this is the mast. Cut a +paper sail, not too large, puncture holes in it and slide the +sail on the mast; add a small paper pennant on the extreme +top; then insert the base of the mast into a common wooden +spool and glue the spool tight to the bottom of the boat at the +centre of the bow.</div> + +<p>With thread and needle take a stitch or two in the lower +corner of the sail and attach it with a short length of the +thread to the stern; fasten securely. Also fasten the pennant +to the mast, so that it cannot turn, for in this vessel both sail +and pennant must be stationary and not swing to either side. +Be careful not to have the sail too heavy.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER V</h2> + +<h3>PAPER JEWELRY</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Ordinary</span> brown wrapping paper is the best to use for +this paper jewelry. Indeed the pale, creamy yellow of some +wrapping paper is much like ivory in color, and the chains +and ornaments made of it are really charming.</p> + + +<h3>The Necklace</h3> + +<p>See how simply the necklace is made without glue or paste. +It is a system of double rings that shift and slide in one's +hands like the links of a metal chain. When the principle +is understood it is all very easy.</p> + +<p>The rings may be cut out free-hand by folding the paper as +in <a href="#Fig_34">Fig. 34</a>. Cut an oblong about six inches long and three +inches wide and fold it crosswise through the middle, then +bring the two side edges together and fold it again lengthwise. +Start at the top where the paper is folded and cut out the +ring as in <a href="#Fig_34">Fig. 34</a>. You will notice in the drawing that the +circle at the top is slightly elongated; this is necessary in +fitting the rings together. The ring when opened will look +like <a href="#Fig_35">Fig. 35</a>. Cut out six rings the size and shape of <a href="#Fig_35">Fig. 35</a>, +then make two smaller ones, like A (<a href="#Fig_36">Fig. 36</a>), and eight still +smaller ones, like B (<a href="#Fig_36">Fig. 36</a>). Now cut a single ring perfectly +round, a trifle larger than <a href="#Fig_34">Fig. 34</a>, a double ring like C +(<a href="#Fig_37">Fig. 37</a>), and a pearl-shaped pendant like <a href="#Fig_38">Fig. 38</a>. Open +<a href="#Fig_38">Fig. 38</a> and cut the three-cornered catch in one half and the +slit in the other half, as shown in <a href="#Fig_39">Fig. 39</a>. Cut the catch +first, then fold the pendant again, as in <a href="#Fig_38">Fig. 38</a>, and punch<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span> +small holes with a pin at the base of the catch through the +other half, to mark the place for the slit. The slit must not +be as long as the base of the catch, else the catch will not hold.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 303px;"> +<img src="images/i028.jpg" width="303" height="400" alt="The little queen. Adorned with paper jewelry." title="The little queen. Adorned with paper jewelry." /> +<span class="caption">The little queen. Adorned with paper jewelry.</span> +</div> + +<p>Put the necklace together by slipping the half of one ring +over both halves of another, as in <a href="#Fig_40">Fig. 40</a>. Commence with +the single ring. Slip half of a large double ring through the +single ring, bring the double ring together and slip another +large ring through that, then add another large ring and you +will have a chain of three large rings with the single ring at +the end.</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Jewelry"> +<tr><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 265px;"><a name="Fig_34" id="Fig_34"></a> +<img src="images/i029-34.png" width="265" height="171" alt="Fig. 34—Fold and cut like this." title="Fig. 34—Fold and cut like this." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 34—Fold and cut like this.</span> +</div> +</td><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 231px;"><a name="Fig_35" id="Fig_35"></a> +<img src="images/i029-35.png" width="231" height="400" alt="Fig. 35—When the ring is opened." title="Fig. 35—When the ring is opened." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 35—When the ring is opened.</span> +</div> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;"><a name="Fig_36" id="Fig_36"></a> +<img src="images/i029-36.png" width="150" height="250" alt="Fig. 36—Make smaller rings like these." title="Fig. 36—Make smaller rings like these." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 36—Make smaller rings like these.</span> +</div> +</td><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 219px;"><a name="Fig_37" id="Fig_37"></a> +<img src="images/i029-37.png" width="219" height="344" alt="Fig. 37—Fasten the pendant on the ring." title="Fig. 37—Fasten the pendant on the ring." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 37—Fasten the pendant on the ring.</span> +</div> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 110px;"><a name="Fig_38" id="Fig_38"></a> +<img src="images/i029-38.png" width="110" height="148" alt="Fig. 38—The pendant." title="Fig. 38—The pendant." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 38—The pendant.</span> +</div> +</td><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 98px;"><a name="Fig_39" id="Fig_39"></a> +<img src="images/i029-39.png" width="98" height="281" alt="Fig. 39—The pendant open." title="Fig. 39—The pendant open." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 39—The pendant open.</span> +</div> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 238px;"><a name="Fig_40" id="Fig_40"></a> +<img src="images/i029-40.png" width="238" height="373" alt="Fig. 40—Slip the half of one ring over both halves of another." title="Fig. 40—Slip the half of one ring over both halves of another." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 40—Slip the half of one ring over both halves of another.</span> +</div> +</td><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 248px;"><a name="Fig_41" id="Fig_41"></a> +<img src="images/i029-41.png" width="248" height="50" alt="Fig. 41—Cut a clasp like this." title="Fig. 41—Cut a clasp like this." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 41—Cut a clasp like this.</span> +</div> +</td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 219px;"><a name="Fig_42" id="Fig_42"></a> +<img src="images/i029-42.png" width="219" height="117" alt="Fig. 42—Fasten the clasp in this way." title="Fig. 42—Fasten the clasp in this way." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 42—Fasten the clasp in this way.</span> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>To the end double ring attach a ring, like A (<a href="#Fig_36">Fig. 36</a>); to +A add a chain of four rings like B (<a href="#Fig_36">Fig. 36</a>). This gives you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> +just half of the necklace, for the single ring is to be the middle +one. Make the other half in the same way, starting on the +opposite side of the single ring and slipping ring into ring as +you did before. Attach the ring pendant, C (<a href="#Fig_37">Fig. 37</a>), to the +single ring between the two side rings, then add the pendant. +Fasten the two halves of the pendant together by folding the +two points of the catch inward, slipping the catch through +the slit and then spreading the points out again flat. This +makes a very secure fastening and, unless the neck of the +catch is too slender, it will neither break nor pull apart.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_43" id="Fig_43"></a> +<img src="images/i030.jpg" width="400" height="254" alt="Fig. 43—The finished jewelry." title="Fig. 43—The finished jewelry." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 43—The finished jewelry.</span> +</div> + +<p><a href="#Fig_41">Fig. 41</a> is the clasp for the necklace. Cut it out like the +pattern and make it about three inches long. Slip one end +of the clasp through the last ring on one end of the necklace, +the other end of the clasp through the last ring on the +other end of the necklace, then bring the clasp together +and slip the catch through the slit, as in <a href="#Fig_42">Fig. 42</a>. The +photograph (<a href="#Fig_43">Fig. 43</a>) shows how pretty the necklace is when +finished.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>The Coronet</h3> + +<p>The coronet shown in the illustration of the "Little queen" +is cut in one piece (<a href="#Fig_44">Fig. 44</a>). At the widest part, from top to +bottom, it is three inches wide, and the ends may be lengthened +or shortened to fit any head. The ends must meet and +fasten at the back.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 569px;"><a name="Fig_44" id="Fig_44"></a> +<img src="images/i032-44.png" width="569" height="148" alt="Fig. 44—The coronet is cut in one piece." title="Fig. 44—The coronet is cut in one piece." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 44—The coronet is cut in one piece.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 138px;"><a name="Fig_45" id="Fig_45"></a> +<img src="images/i032-45.png" width="138" height="166" alt="Fig. 45—Little rings ornament the coronet." title="Fig. 45—Little rings ornament the coronet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 45—Little rings ornament the coronet.</span> +</div> + +<p>Little rings, one inch in diameter, cut like <a href="#Fig_45">Fig. 45</a>, ornament +the coronet, as shown in <a href="#Fig_44">Fig. 44</a>. They are fastened by the +catch at the top through slits cut in the coronet. Make +three slits, one below the other, a little over one inch apart, +down the middle of the coronet, and on either side of these +make six more slits in the position shown on the right half +of <a href="#Fig_44">Fig. 44</a>. This gives fifteen slits, for which you must have +fifteen rings. These dangling little rings that shake and +twinkle with every movement are fascinating little ornaments, +and are far prettier than more elaborate designs.</p> + + +<h3>Ear-rings</h3> + +<p>Quite oriental-looking ear-rings are made like <a href="#Fig_46">Fig. 46</a>. Cut +first two single elongated hoops like <a href="#Fig_47">Fig. 47</a>, making them +almost three inches long and one and three-quarter inches +from side to side. These long hoops are to slip over the ears +to hold the ear-rings on. Cut two hoops, like D (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig. 46</a>), and +two pendants, like E (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig. 46</a>). Fasten the hoop D upon the +hoop (<a href="#Fig_46">Fig. 46</a>), and the pendant E upon the hoop D, clasping +the pendant by its catch as you did the pendant of the necklace. +The children need not follow exactly the shapes of the +"danglers" and pendants shown here—let them exercise +their own taste in these.</p> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Earrings"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 233px;"><a name="Fig_46" id="Fig_46"></a> +<img src="images/i032-46.png" width="233" height="379" alt="Fig. 46—Oriental-looking ear-rings." title="Fig. 46—Oriental-looking ear-rings." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 46—Oriental-looking ear-rings.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 197px;"><a name="Fig_47" id="Fig_47"></a> +<img src="images/i032-47.png" width="197" height="128" alt="Fig. 47—Cut two hoops like this." title="Fig. 47—Cut two hoops like this." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 47—Cut two hoops like this.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<h3>The Bangle Bracelet</h3> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>The bangle bracelet (<a href="#Fig_48">Fig. 48</a>) is made as in <a href="#Fig_49">Fig. 49</a>. Cut +a strip of paper half an inch wide and about eight inches long;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> +make a catch at one end and a slit in the other end, then a +little below the middle cut six slits half an inch apart, as in +<a href="#Fig_49">Fig. 49</a>.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 298px;"><a name="Fig_48" id="Fig_48"></a> +<img src="images/i032-48.png" width="298" height="195" alt="Fig. 48—The bangle bracelet." title="Fig. 48—The bangle bracelet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 48—The bangle bracelet.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 569px;"><a name="Fig_49" id="Fig_49"></a> +<img src="images/i032-49.png" width="569" height="95" alt="Fig. 49—Cut a strip for the bangle bracelet." title="Fig. 49—Cut a strip for the bangle bracelet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 49—Cut a strip for the bangle bracelet.</span> +</div> + + +<p>Cut six round charms, three-quarters of an inch in diameter, +with a catch at the top like <a href="#Fig_50">Fig. 50</a>, and fasten the charms +on the bracelet. <a href="#Fig_49">Fig. 49</a> gives the inside of the bracelet with +three charms attached. This bracelet is large for a small +child, but can be shortened at the end to fit any little arm.</p> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 100px;"><a name="Fig_50" id="Fig_50"></a> +<img src="images/i032-50.png" width="100" height="116" alt="Fig. 50—Cut six round charms." title="Fig. 50—Cut six round charms." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 50—Cut six round charms.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 337px;"> +<img src="images/i033.jpg" width="337" height="400" alt="Playing lady. The lorgnette." title="Playing lady. The lorgnette." /> +<span class="caption">Playing lady. The lorgnette.</span> +</div> +<h3>A Link Bracelet</h3> + +<p><a href="#Fig_51">Fig. 51</a> is a link bracelet. Make this by folding a strip of +paper eight inches long crosswise through the middle. Bring +the folded end half way down and fold, turn back the other<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> +end and fold like a fan. This divides the paper into six +equal parts. Now cut out the outer edge of all the links at +once. Free the two end links and cut out the centres of the +others, then cut the centres of the two links, as shown in <a href="#Fig_51">Fig. 51</a>, making the catch and slit like the pattern.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 566px;"><a name="Fig_51" id="Fig_51"></a> +<img src="images/i032-51.png" width="566" height="86" alt="Fig. 51—A link bracelet." title="Fig. 51—A link bracelet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 51—A link bracelet.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 166px;"><a name="Fig_52" id="Fig_52"></a> +<img src="images/i032-52.png" width="166" height="369" alt="Fig. 52—Slip one link through another." title="Fig. 52—Slip one link through another." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 52—Slip one link through another.</span> +</div> + + +<p>The links of the long chain shown in the photograph of +"The queen and her captive," are cut exactly like the +bangle bracelet (<a href="#Fig_49">Fig. 49</a>). The slits and charms are, of +course, omitted. <a href="#Fig_52">Fig. 52</a> shows how the chain is put together +by slipping one link through another and fastening it with its +catch. You can make the chain any length. It is so strong +that only rough handling will pull it apart.</p> + + +<h3>The Lorgnette</h3> + +<p>Now comes the lorgnette, which works beautifully made +of rather stiff paper. Make the case of a strip of paper three<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> +inches wide and eight inches long. Fold the paper lengthwise +through the middle and cut it, rounding at the top like +<a href="#Fig_53">Fig. 53</a>. In one side cut a small round hole at the top, rather +near the edge of the case, F (<a href="#Fig_53">Fig. 53</a>), and fold back the lower +corners according to the dotted lines. Cut out the eyeglasses +like <a href="#Fig_54">Fig. 54</a>. Curl the edges of the ball G together and slide +the ball through the hole F in the case, as in <a href="#Fig_55">Fig. 55</a>.</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Lorgnette"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 98px;"><a name="Fig_53" id="Fig_53"></a> +<img src="images/i034.png" width="98" height="400" alt="Fig. 53—Make the lorgnette case of a strip of paper." title="Fig. 53—Make the lorgnette case of a strip of paper." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 53—Make the lorgnette case of a strip of paper.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_54" id="Fig_54"></a> +<img src="images/i034b.png" width="250" height="87" alt="Fig. 54." title="Fig. 54." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 54.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 303px;"><a name="Fig_55" id="Fig_55"></a> +<img src="images/i034c.png" width="303" height="400" alt="Fig. 55—The glasses swing loosely." title="Fig. 55—The glasses swing loosely." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 55—The glasses swing loosely.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>The glasses swing quite loosely by this hinge, and will +slide easily in and out of the case. When tucked away +inside the case a little flirt of the hand, a turn of the wrist, +will throw them out and they can be lifted to a piquant little +nose in the most approved and fine-ladylike fashion.</p> + +<p>The lorgnette in use is shown in the photograph, "Playing +lady." "The little queen" displays jewelry, and "The +queen and her captive" show the long chain.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> +<img src="images/i035.jpg" width="400" height="285" alt="The queen and her captive." title="The queen and her captive." /> +<span class="caption">The queen and her captive.</span> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VI</h2> + +<h3>WHAT TO MAKE OF EMPTY SPOOLS</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Gather</span> up all the spools you can find, big, little, thick, +and thin; no matter how many, you can use them all. There +is no end of fun to be had with these always-on-hand, easily +found toys; they may be made into almost everything.</p> + + +<h3>Spool Houses</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>are very simply constructed. Begin building by standing +ten spools in a straight row for the front of the house. Make +one side with seven spools placed at right angles with the +front. This gives you one corner of the house. Build the +back parallel to the front by standing nine spools at right +angles with the side. You will then have two corners of +the house and three sides. Add a row of six spools along +the empty space between the front and back of the house for +the fourth side, as in <a href="#Fig_56">Fig. 56</a>. Remove the third and fourth +spools from the left-hand corner of the front of the house to +form the doorway, and examine the foundation—see that it +is even and straight before erecting the walls; then continue +the building, placing a spool on top of each foundation spool +(<a href="#Fig_57">Fig. 57</a>). Build on another layer of spools, except over the +second and third spools at the right hand of the doorway +opening (<a href="#Fig_58">Fig. 58</a>). Add another row of spools (<a href="#Fig_59">Fig. 59</a>), and +another (<a href="#Fig_60">Fig. 60</a>). Lay a piece of pasteboard box over the +top of the walls (<a href="#Fig_61">Fig. 61</a>), and make the roof of a piece of +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>almost any kind of paper by bending and creasing the paper +down along the lengthwise centre and up along the lengthwise +edges. Place the roof on top of the pasteboard ceiling +(<a href="#Fig_62">Fig. 62</a>). Do not have the roof project over the end of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> +house where you are to build the chimney, for the chimney +must be quite close to the house. Select large spools for the +chimney and build it by standing one spool on top of another +until the chimney extends above the roof. You can top the +chimney by laying a piece of cardboard over the last spool +and placing two small spools on it side by side. Enclose the +yard with a spool fence; standing the spools a short distance +from each other, as in the photograph. Use spools of larger +size for the gateway, topping them with two smaller ones +(<a href="#Fig_62">Fig. 62</a>).</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Spool houses"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 241px;"><a name="Fig_56" id="Fig_56"></a> +<img src="images/i037-56.jpg" width="241" height="145" alt="Fig. 56—First row of spools." title="Fig. 56—First row of spools." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 56—First row of spools.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 243px;"><a name="Fig_57" id="Fig_57"></a> +<img src="images/i037-57.jpg" width="243" height="150" alt="Fig. 57—Second row of spools." title="Fig. 57—Second row of spools." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 57—Second row of spools.</span> +</div></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 245px;"><a name="Fig_58" id="Fig_58"></a> +<img src="images/i037-58.jpg" width="245" height="174" alt="Fig. 58—Third row of spools." title="Fig. 58—Third row of spools." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 58—Third row of spools.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 245px;"><a name="Fig_59" id="Fig_59"></a> +<img src="images/i037-59.jpg" width="245" height="169" alt="Fig. 59—Fourth row of spools." title="Fig. 59—Fourth row of spools." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 59—Fourth row of spools.</span> +</div></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 240px;"><a name="Fig_60" id="Fig_60"></a> +<img src="images/i037-60.jpg" width="240" height="195" alt="Fig. 60—Fifth row of spools." title="Fig. 60—Fifth row of spools." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 60—Fifth row of spools.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><br /><div class="figcenter" style="width: 245px;"><a name="Fig_61" id="Fig_61"></a> +<img src="images/i037-61.jpg" width="245" height="195" alt="Fig. 61—A piece of pasteboard on top." title="Fig. 61—A piece of pasteboard on top." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 61—A piece of pasteboard on top.</span> +</div></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center' colspan='2'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 488px;"><a name="Fig_62" id="Fig_62"></a> +<img src="images/i037-62.jpg" width="488" height="272" alt="Fig. 62—Place the roof on top." title="Fig. 62—Place the roof on top." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 62—Place the roof on top.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Make the yard into a cheerful</p> + + +<h3>Sunshiny Garden</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_63">Fig. 63</a>), with flowers and trees of paper and tubs and flower-pots +of spools, where the clothespin people may go for +recreation.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_63" id="Fig_63"></a> +<img src="images/i038.jpg" width="400" height="295" alt="Fig. 63—Trees and flowers made of paper and spools." title="Fig. 63—Trees and flowers made of paper and spools." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 63—Trees and flowers made of paper and spools.</span> +</div> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 90px;"><a name="Fig_64" id="Fig_64"></a> +<img src="images/i039.png" width="90" height="380" alt="Fig. 64—This is the way to make a tree." title="Fig. 64—This is the way to make a tree." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 64—This is the way to make a tree.</span> +</div> +<p>The trees are easy to make and are very effective; they are +simply fringed strips of paper rolled like a paper lighter with +the large ends stuck into spools. Cut a strip of green tissue-paper +fifteen inches long and five wide; then cut one-third of +the strip narrow, about one inch wide, and fringe +the remaining two thirds (<a href="#Fig_64">Fig. 64</a>). With the +thumb and first finger of your right hand begin +to roll the corner as shown at A (<a href="#Fig_64">Fig. 64</a>). Continue +rolling, and the fringe, which forms the +foliage, will stand out on the outside of the rolled +part or trunk of the tree. When you reach the +solid, narrow part of the paper strip it will roll +into a smooth, round stick, forming the lower +part of the tree trunk. Paste the last wrapped +corner of the paper roll in place and clip the tree +trunk off even across the bottom edge; then +press it into a hole in the centre of an empty spool +of ordinary size, and there's your tree! You can +vary the foliage by crimping the fringe with knife +or scissors before the strip is rolled into a tree and +by having the fringe of some much longer than +that of others. If you use different tones, tints, +and shades of green, running from very light +to dark, and make a lot of them varying in +height, the trees will look very pretty and they can form a +jungle where toy wild animals can live; or a number of the +trees might form a playground or a grove where dolls may +go for a picnic.</p> + + + +<p>In the photograph of the group of trees you will see a +number of pots of flowers. The flowers are disks and squares +of different bright-colored tissue-paper, each one with its +centre pinched together and twisted into a stemlike piece, +which is pushed down into a buttonhole-twist spool. Around +some of the flowers a smaller square of green may be used for +foliage.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span></p> + +<p>You could make an extensive flower garden by using a +great number of these short, flat spools and bits of gay tissue-paper, +and they can be arranged and rearranged in many +different ways.</p> + +<p>It is possible to make all kinds of toy furniture of spools. +If you want</p> + + +<h3>A Bedroom Set,</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>use four spools for the legs of a bedstead, place them in +position and lay a piece of stiff white paper, bent up at one +end, on top of the spools. The bed will then be ready for +the doll (<a href="#Fig_65">Fig. 65</a>).</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Bedroom set"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_65" id="Fig_65"></a> +<img src="images/i040a.png" width="250" height="176" alt="Fig. 65—A little bedstead." title="Fig. 65—A little bedstead." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 65—A little bedstead.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 177px;"><a name="Fig_66" id="Fig_66"></a> +<img src="images/i040b.png" width="177" height="150" alt="Fig. 66—A table can be made in a moment's time." title="Fig. 66—A table can be made in a moment's time." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 66—A table can be made in a moment's time.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 122px;"><a name="Fig_67" id="Fig_67"></a> +<img src="images/i040c.png" width="122" height="175" alt="Fig. 67—The lamp." title="Fig. 67—The lamp." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 67—The lamp.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>A little table can be made in a moment's time. All that +is necessary is to choose a large spool and place a round piece +of paper on the top (<a href="#Fig_66">Fig. 66</a>). Make the bureau of six +spools close together in two rows of three spools each, and +cut the top of a piece of paper with a high extension in the +centre, which you must bend upright for a mirror. The +washstand can be four spools quite close together covered +with a piece of paper. A piano is easily made, but you must +think it out for yourself. Use a small spool for the piano-stool.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>The Lamp</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_67">Fig. 67</a>) is a spool with a little roll of white paper shoved +into the hole and a circular piece of paper crimped around +the edge for the shade. Unless you need the spool to use +again in other ways, you might paste the paper on and make +a lamp which will not come apart.</div> + +<p>You can glue the tops on the table and washstand and the +mirror on the bureau also; though this is not necessary, for +if you are careful and do not knock against the furniture it +will remain secure.</p> + +<p>Now make the toy</p> + + +<h3>Kitchen</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>with empty spools, and the entire kitchen will not cost one +cent of money.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_68" id="Fig_68"></a> +<img src="images/i041.jpg" width="400" height="302" alt="Fig. 68—Just like a kitchen." title="Fig. 68—Just like a kitchen." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 68—Just like a kitchen.</span> +</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 317px;"><a name="Fig_69" id="Fig_69"></a> +<img src="images/i042a.jpg" width="317" height="350" alt="Fig. 69—The stove without the stovepipe." title="Fig. 69—The stove without the stovepipe." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 69—The stove without the stovepipe.</span> +</div> + + +<p>See how firm and substantial the little kitchen furniture +looks in the photograph with its fine stove, dresser, and wash-tub +(<a href="#Fig_68">Fig. 68</a>). Use four +spools for the feet of the +stove. Over these lay a +piece of pasteboard about +six inches long and four +inches wide, allowing it +to project beyond the +front feet to form the +apron; then build on the +body of the stove, making +it of spools two layers +deep, as in <a href="#Fig_69">Fig. 69</a>. +Cut a piece of pasteboard +to fit over the spools for +the stove top, and have it +long enough to stand out +a short distance at the +back; then you can build on the stovepipe (<a href="#Fig_70">Fig. 70</a>).</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 308px;"><a name="Fig_70" id="Fig_70"></a> +<img src="images/i042b.jpg" width="308" height="350" alt="Fig. 70—The finished stove." title="Fig. 70—The finished stove." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 70—The finished stove.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 293px;"><a name="Fig_71" id="Fig_71"></a> +<img src="images/i042c.jpg" width="293" height="350" alt="Fig. 71—The kitchen dresser." title="Fig. 71—The kitchen dresser." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 71—The kitchen dresser.</span> +</div> + +<p>Make the dresser of spools and strips cut from pasteboard +boxes (<a href="#Fig_71">Fig. 71</a>).<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span></p> + + +<p>For the tubs stand four spools close together, and set a little +round box on top of them. Make the washboard of a +piece of paper folded many times backward and forward, +fan fashion. After carefully creasing the folds, pull the +paper out slightly and put it in the tub for the next washday +(<a href="#Fig_68">Fig. 68</a>).</p> + +<p>After cooking,</p> + + +<h3>A Dining Table</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>will be needed. With eight spools and a piece of pasteboard +cut from a box you can make a fine dining table; the +legs of the table are four columns of two spools each, as you +see in <a href="#Fig_72">Fig. 72</a>, and the chairs are made of spools with bent +pieces of cardboard pasted on top. The decorations of the +table are small spools with bright tissue-paper for flowers +arranged at the four corners of the table, and the plates are +the round pasteboard tops from milk bottles.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_72" id="Fig_72"></a> +<img src="images/i043.jpg" width="300" height="227" alt="Fig. 72—The dining table." title="Fig. 72—The dining table." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 72—The dining table.</span> +</div> + +<p>When enough furniture has been manufactured, build</p> + + +<h3>A Wagon</h3> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 323px;"><a name="Fig_73" id="Fig_73"></a> +<img src="images/i044a.png" width="323" height="300" alt="Fig. 73—Pattern of little wagon." title="Fig. 73—Pattern of little wagon." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 73—Pattern of little wagon.</span> +</div> + + +<p>Cut <a href="#Fig_73">Fig. 73</a> from heavy paper or cardboard that will fold +without breaking. Bend all the dotted lines and cut all the +heavy lines in the pattern. Push a burnt match, or a wooden +toothpick through one hub, then through an empty spool<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> +and the second hub. The spool forms the wheels. Screw a +small pin cautiously through each of the two projecting ends +of the match, piercing the wood and leaving the head and +point of the pin standing out (<a href="#Fig_74">Fig. 74</a>). Tie a knot in the +end of a string to prevent its sliding out and thread it through +the hole in the dashboard.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"><a name="Fig_74" id="Fig_74"></a> +<img src="images/i044b.png" width="350" height="125" alt="Fig. 74—The wagon of cardboard with spool for wheels." title="Fig. 74—The wagon of cardboard with spool for wheels." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 74—The wagon of cardboard with spool for wheels.</span> +</div> + + +<p>By laying narrow strips of paper on a table or on the +floor to form a boundary line, you may make a</p> + + +<h3>Sunday-School Room</h3> +<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_75" id="Fig_75"></a> +<img src="images/i045.jpg" width="400" height="252" alt="Fig. 75—A Sunday-school room made of spools." title="Fig. 75—A Sunday-school room made of spools." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 75—A Sunday-school room made of spools.</span> +</div> + +<p>Leave an open space for the doorway at the opposite end of +the room from the organ. Build up a column of four large +spools at each side of the space and connect them with a strip +of paper laid from the top of one column to the top of the +other.</p> + + +<p>Build the fine, large pipe-organ close to the edge of the +back room. Stand eight spools in a row tight to each other +at equal distances from each boundary side line. Build the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> +row up three spools high, then skipping the end spools, build +on two layers of six spools each; again skip the end spools +and build on a layer of four spools. Crown the last layer +with two top spools. Across the centre front of the organ +stand a row of spools, two high and three long. Over them +lay a piece of paper bent lengthwise through the centre for +the key-board and music-rack. Bend another piece of paper +for the music and stand it on the key-board against the rack. +Make the organ seat of two spools placed side by side in +front of the organ with a strip of paper laid over them. Let +the seats for the doll children be rows of three spools each. +Place the seats one in front of another in parallel lines a short +distance apart and allow a wide, lengthwise central aisle +between them. All this is shown in <a href="#Fig_75">Fig. 75</a>.</p> + + + +<h3>Trolley Car</h3> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_76" id="Fig_76"></a> +<img src="images/i046.jpg" width="400" height="220" alt="Fig. 76—The spool trolley car." title="Fig. 76—The spool trolley car." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 76—The spool trolley car.</span> +</div> + +<p>Hunt up an old pasteboard box, for you will need a box lid +about fifteen inches long and eight inches wide as a foundation +for the realistic trolley car (<a href="#Fig_76">Fig. 76</a>). Use eight spools<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> +for the wheels; place two spool wheels near the front and +two near the back on each side. Lay the spools down flat +and rest the edge of the box lid on the body of the spools; +then stand a row of eleven spools on each side of the top of +the box lid. Beginning at one end of the row, build up +every other spool into three-spool columns; the intervening +spaces form the open windows of the car.</p> + +<p>Leave windows on the opposite side of the car in the same +way, and place a row of spools close up against the bottom +spools of each side of the car to form the car seats. Roof the +car with a piece of cardboard cut off square at one end and +rounded at the other. On top of each side of this roof place +one row of six buttonhole-twist spools, the spools of each row +separated equal distances (<a href="#Fig_76">Fig. 76</a>). Stand a spool on the +front of the car platform for the motorman's wheel and you +have a car like that in the photograph.</p> + +<p>When the trolley is taken apart use the spools in building</p> + + +<h3>A Bridge</h3> + +<p><a href="#Fig_77">Fig. 77</a> shows that the piers can be built to a good height +and be solid and substantial.</p> + +<p>Stand three large-sized spools together, forming a triangle, +with one point turned to face the opposite pier. This group +of three spools is the foundation of one of the two columns, +which together form one pier of the bridge.</p> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_77" id="Fig_77"></a> +<img src="images/i048a.jpg" width="400" height="228" alt="Fig. 77—The spool bridge." title="Fig. 77—The spool bridge." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 77—The spool bridge.</span> +</div> + +<p>About two inches distant and on a line with the triangle +of spools stand a group of three more spools, and build up +each group into a column four spools high. You will need +two more columns for the opposite pier of the bridge; build +them as you did the first, and place the second pier exactly +opposite to and as far from the first as you desire the span +should reach—say about fourteen inches.</p> + +<p>Lay a strip of pasteboard six inches wide across from pier +to pier, allowing the ends to rest on the piers, but not extend +beyond the outside end edges of the piers; then if your span<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> +is fourteen, inches long, cut from a pasteboard box two more +strips fourteen inches long and of the same width as the span; +score each strip across one end, one inch from the edge, bend +slightly and fit the bent edge of each strip on one end of the +bridge, allowing the other end of the strip to extend away +from the pier and rest on the floor, forming an inclined +approach to the bridge proper as in <a href="#Fig_77">Fig. 77</a>.</p> + + +<p>When your pasteboard strips are well settled in place, continue +building up the piers on top of the pasteboard, making +each group of three spools +two layers high; then +build up one spool two +layers high on top of the +four columns.</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 200px;"><a name="Fig_78" id="Fig_78"></a> +<img src="images/i048b.png" width="200" height="94" alt="Fig. 78—Span the two columns with this." title="Fig. 78—Span the two columns with this." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 78—Span the two columns with this.</span> +</div> + +<p>Complete the archway +by spanning the two columns +of each pier with +a narrow strip of stiff white paper bent up into a point at +the centre and out into a flap at each end (<a href="#Fig_78">Fig. 78</a>). The flaps<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> +rest on top of the spools. The photograph shows how the +entire bridge should look, and in the photograph you will find +a little lady hurrying across the bridge on her way home, and +following in her wake Mr. Clothespin and Mrs. Clothespin. +A paper boat under the bridge would make the scene more +realistic.</p> + +<p>Next build</p> + + +<h3>A Memorial Arch</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_79">Fig. 79</a>), something like the one which was erected in New +York City. Commence with two groups of spools a short +distance apart; have three in each group, two in the back and +one in the front. Build up columns four spools high; then +lay a strip of pasteboard across from one to the other. On +top of the pasteboard place two more groups of smaller spools<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> +a little nearer together than the first groups. Make these +columns two spools high and crown each with a single spool +decorated with a bright-colored paper flag fastened on a stick +pushed down into the spool. At the base of the arch add three +more spools on each side, <i>o</i> and <i>o</i> (<a href="#Fig_79">Fig. 79</a>), and the structure +will be completed. This is not exactly like the original, but +for a spool arch it is fine, and a spool procession will feel +honored to march through it.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 306px;"><a name="Fig_79" id="Fig_79"></a> +<img src="images/i049.png" width="306" height="400" alt="Fig. 79—A spool memorial arch." title="Fig. 79—A spool memorial arch." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 79—A spool memorial arch.</span> +</div> + + +<h3>The Parthenon</h3> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_80" id="Fig_80"></a> +<img src="images/i050.png" width="400" height="212" alt="Fig. 80—The Parthenon made of spools." title="Fig. 80—The Parthenon made of spools." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 80—The Parthenon made of spools.</span> +</div> + +<p>If you have enough spools, you can make a miniature representation +of one of the most beautiful temples ever built. +Begin by standing four spools in a row for the first end of the +building, allowing about the width of a spool between each +two. Place eight in a row for the first side, four for the +other end, and eight for the second side (<a href="#Fig_80">Fig. 80</a>). Have the +spools all of the same size, that the walls may be alike and +perfectly even, because, as you know, the walls are to be +formed of columns, not as many as in the original, but enough +to give an idea of the Greek temple. Build up the spools +three deep into pillars; then lay a piece of pasteboard on the +top of the columns for a ceiling. Bend another piece of pasteboard<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span> +lengthwise through the centre for the roof, and stand +it tent-like on top of the ceiling. You can measure the correct +size of the ceiling by laying a piece of pasteboard down flat +on the floor along the eight-columned side of the Parthenon +to obtain the length, and placing it flat on the floor across the +four-columned side to mark the width. Make the roof the +same length and a little wider than the ceiling, to allow for +the height of the bend through the centre.</p> + + +<p>You must imagine a space immediately beneath the roof +of the little Greek temple filled in with the most beautiful +statuary, and think of the spools as white marble columns, +and you should see, in fancy, another row of stately columns +inside the ones you have built. Tell all about the real<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> +Parthenon and hunt up a picture of the temple that all may +see just how near you came to making the little model look +like the wonderful Parthenon on the Acropolis, in Athens.</p> + +<p>After admiring the building for a while, pretend that a +left-over spool</p> + + +<h3>Is a Venetian Shell</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>shot from a cannon, and toss it gently against the roof at one +end of the temple, then see the columns totter and fall, leaving +only a portion of the Parthenon standing, in the same way +that the real marble columns fell when the original structure +was shattered and practically destroyed by the soldiers.</div> + +<p>You can</p> + + +<h3>Blow Bubbles with a Spool,</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>beautiful bubbles, which float and glide in the air with all +the charm of clay-pipe bubbles. Mix strong soap-suds, dip +one end of a large spool in the water, wet the spool, then blow. +If the bubble refuses to appear, dip the spool in the water +again, put your head down to the spool and blow a few bubbles +while the spool is in the water, then quickly raise it and +try again. Nine times out of ten you will succeed, and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> +bubble will swell out from the spool as in <a href="#Fig_81">Fig. 81</a>. These +wooden bubble-blowers last a long time, with no danger of +breaking when accidentally dropped on the floor, and you +can always find enough to provide one for each of the players +who meet for a trial of skill in bubble-blowing.</div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 260px;"><a name="Fig_81" id="Fig_81"></a> +<img src="images/i051.png" width="260" height="400" alt="Fig. 81—You can blow bubbles with a spool." title="Fig. 81—You can blow bubbles with a spool." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 81—You can blow bubbles with a spool.</span> +</div> + +<p>Now try</p> + + +<h3>Pretty Butterflies</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>which fly from spools. Cut a butterfly (<a href="#Fig_82">Fig. 82</a>) from bright-colored +tissue paper or thin writing paper, bend at the dotted +line and paste on the large end of a very small cork. Fit the +small end of the cork into the top of the hole of an empty +spool (<a href="#Fig_83">Fig. 83</a>). Then blow through the spool and see the +butterfly ascend rapidly to the ceiling and float down again.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span> +A number of different colored butterflies in the air at one +time fill the room with charming bits of fluttering brightness +that will delight the children.</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary=""> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_82" id="Fig_82"></a> +<img src="images/i052a.png" width="250" height="202" alt="Fig. 82—Pattern of butterfly." title="Fig. 82—Pattern of butterfly." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 82—Pattern of butterfly.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 190px;"><a name="Fig_83" id="Fig_83"></a> +<img src="images/i052b.png" width="190" height="250" alt="Fig. 83—It will fly from the spool." title="Fig. 83—It will fly from the spool." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 83—It will fly from the spool.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Take another empty spool and stick a common wire hairpin +partially into the hole, bend the hairpin slightly down +against the edges of the hole, do the same with three more +hairpins, and you will have a spool with a funnel-like opening +of hairpins at the top (<a href="#Fig_84">Fig. 84</a>). In the funnel place a small, +light-weight ball made of a crushed bit of bright paper wound +around with thread. Raise the spool to your lips and blow +gently (<a href="#Fig_85">Fig. 85</a>). The ball will rise and fall in mid-air, in the +same way that you have seen one of rubber dance at the top +of a small fountain or jet of water.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Ball and spool"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 169px;"><a name="Fig_84" id="Fig_84"></a> +<img src="images/i053.png" width="169" height="316" alt="Fig. 84—The ball is placed on top of the spool." title="Fig. 84—The ball is placed on top of the spool." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 84—The ball is placed on top of the spool.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_85" id="Fig_85"></a> +<img src="images/i053b.png" width="250" height="316" alt="Fig. 85—The ball will rise and fall." title="Fig. 85—The ball will rise and fall." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 85—The ball will rise and fall.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VII</h2> + +<h3>OLD ENVELOPE TOYS, AND HOW TO MAKE THEM</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Don't</span> throw away your old envelopes; see what amusing +toys can be made of them simply by folding and cutting. +No paste or glue is needed, and any one of the toys given +here can be made in five minutes or less.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="The Frog"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_86" id="Fig_86"></a> +<img src="images/i055a.jpg" width="250" height="181" alt="Fig. 86—The side view of the frog shows his beautiful open mouth." title="Fig. 86—The side view of the frog shows his beautiful open mouth." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 86—The side view of the frog shows his beautiful open mouth.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_87" id="Fig_87"></a> +<img src="images/i055b.jpg" width="250" height="182" alt="Fig. 87—The frog is sprawled out on the table." title="Fig. 87—The frog is sprawled out on the table." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 87—The frog is sprawled out on the table.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<h3>The Frog</h3> + +<p>The frog is one of the simplest and at the same time the +funniest of the collection. <a href="#Fig_86">Fig. 86</a> gives a side view in which +his beautiful open mouth can be seen to advantage. <a href="#Fig_87">Fig. 87</a> shows him sprawled out on the table. <a href="#Fig_88">Fig. 88</a> gives the +pattern of the frog as it appears when drawn on the envelope. +You will notice that the bottom fold of the envelope +is used for the top of the animal. Draw the outlines +as in <a href="#Fig_88">Fig. 88</a>, then cut along the lines you have drawn. The +under part of the body follows the edge of the lower lap +of the envelope from front to hind leg. Now flatten out the +fold at the top and bend the paper under at the corners,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> +which forms the head and tail. Cut a slit along the folded +edge of the head for the +mouth, pull the lower +part down and the mouth +will open wide as a frog's +mouth naturally does. +By working the lower +jaw the frog can be made +to snap at imaginary flies. +Draw the eyes as shown +in <a href="#Fig_87">Fig. 87</a> and bend down +the lower part of the +body along the dotted line, shown in <a href="#Fig_88">Fig. 88</a>, spread out the +hind legs, and Master Frog is finished.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_88" id="Fig_88"></a> +<img src="images/i056a.png" width="250" height="147" alt="Fig. 88—The pattern of the frog drawn +on an envelope." title="Fig. 88—The pattern of the frog drawn +on an envelope." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 88—The pattern of the frog drawn +on an envelope.</span> +</div> + + +<h3>The Little Bed</h3> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_89" id="Fig_89"></a> +<img src="images/i056b.jpg" width="400" height="262" alt="Fig. 89—Use a long envelope for the little bed." title="Fig. 89—Use a long envelope for the little bed." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 89—Use a long envelope for the little bed.</span> +</div> + +<p>For the little bed (<a href="#Fig_89">Fig. 89</a>) use a long envelope. If the top +lap is open, cut it off. Flatten out the bottom fold as you did<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span> +for the frog's back, then bend the ends and sides as in <a href="#Fig_90">Fig. 90</a>. Bend up the points +at each end for head and +footboards, and there is +your bed.</p> + + +<h3>The Table</h3> + +<p>Make the table (<a href="#Fig_91">Fig. 91</a>) of a smaller envelope +in the same way, but +leave the points extending out at the ends (<a href="#Fig_90">Fig. 90</a>) and cut +short legs on the bottom edge (<a href="#Fig_91">Fig. 91</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_90" id="Fig_90"></a> +<img src="images/i057a.png" width="250" height="131" alt="Fig. 90—Fold the envelope this way for the bed." title="Fig. 90—Fold the envelope this way for the bed." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 90—Fold the envelope this way for the bed.</span> +</div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 276px;"><a name="Fig_91" id="Fig_91"></a> +<img src="images/i057c.jpg" width="276" height="250" alt="Fig. 91—Make the table of a smaller envelope." title="Fig. 91—Make the table of a smaller envelope." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 91—Make the table of a smaller envelope.</span> +</div> + + + + +<p>Plates and other dishes can be made very easily. For +circular dishes use a cent or a ten-cent piece for a pattern. +Very effective cups and goblets can be made from old pieces +of tinfoil. The table, however, is strong enough to hold the +little china or tin dishes usually found among a child's collection +of toys.</p> + + +<h3>The Sofa</h3> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 281px;"><a name="Fig_92" id="Fig_92"></a> +<img src="images/i057d.jpg" width="281" height="250" alt="Fig. 92—A comfortable little sofa." title="Fig. 92—A comfortable little sofa." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 92—A comfortable little sofa.</span> +</div> + +<p>The comfortable little high-backed sofa (<a href="#Fig_92">Fig. 92</a>) is made +of a long envelope with the top left open. Fold the envelope<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span> +into the box shape, as for the bed, with the points turned up. +Then fold the tips of the points inward, as in <a href="#Fig_93">Fig. 93</a>. Now +reverse the box and slit down the two front edges which +gives an opening in +front. Bend down +this front piece and +cut it off on a line +with the two ends.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_93" id="Fig_93"></a> +<img src="images/i058a.png" width="300" height="179" alt="Fig. 93—Fold the tips of the points inward." title="Fig. 93—Fold the tips of the points inward." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 93—Fold the tips of the points inward.</span> +</div> + + +<h3>The Arm-Chair</h3> + +<p>A deep, low-seated +arm-chair can be +made of an oblong +envelope of ordinary +size by following the directions for the sofa and allowing the +back to curve instead of making it flat, then slitting down +the sides and bending them over to form the arms (<a href="#Fig_94">Fig. 94</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 226px;"><a name="Fig_94" id="Fig_94"></a> +<img src="images/i058c.jpg" width="226" height="250" alt="Fig. 94—Make the arm-chair of an +oblong envelope." title="Fig. 94—Make the arm-chair of an +oblong envelope." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 94—Make the arm-chair of an +oblong envelope.</span> +</div> + + +<h3>The Bath Tub.</h3> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 229px;"><a name="Fig_95" id="Fig_95"></a> +<img src="images/i058d.jpg" width="229" height="250" alt="Fig. 95—A little bath tub for imaginary +water." title="Fig. 95—A little bath tub for imaginary +water." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 95—A little bath tub for imaginary +water.</span> +</div> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>A little bath tub, but one that will scarcely hold water, is +shown in <a href="#Fig_95">Fig. 95</a>. In this the upper lap is left open, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span> +points are bent under, and the sides left to curve naturally. +A baby carriage can also be made in this way, but for the +carriage the points must extend down and have wheels drawn +on them and the tips must be cut off squarely at the bottom +so that the carriage will stand. The lap is the back and the +handle in one (<a href="#Fig_96">Fig. 96</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_96" id="Fig_96"></a> +<img src="images/i059a.jpg" width="400" height="314" alt="Fig. 96—A doll-baby can ride in this carriage." title="Fig. 96—A doll-baby can ride in this carriage." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 96—A doll-baby can ride in this carriage.</span> +</div> + + + +<h3>The Bungalow</h3> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_97" id="Fig_97"></a> +<img src="images/i059b.jpg" width="400" height="314" alt="Fig. 97—The bungalow is made of a long envelope." title="Fig. 97—The bungalow is made of a long envelope." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 97—The bungalow is made of a long envelope.</span> +</div> + +<p>The little bungalow (<a href="#Fig_97">Fig. 97</a>) is something very different, +yet it, too, is made of an envelope. Though it appears to +have many parts it is all in one piece. The envelope is a long +one, such as is used for +legal papers. <a href="#Fig_98">Fig. 98</a> +gives the pattern. The +heavy lines show where +to cut and the dotted +lines where to bend. The +lap forms the front porch, +but the porch may be +left off entirely if the envelope +has been slit at +the top in opening it. +With a little care, however, many envelopes can be opened +intact. Cut along the heavy lines of the door and windows, +then open the door and the little shutters. Bend back the +ends of the house and in the middle of each end take a little +plait from top to bottom. This is to make the ends narrower +and give room for the roof to slant. Bend the roof back from +the eaves along the dotted line. The back of the bungalow +is made like the front, except that it has no door, windows, or +porch.</p> + +<p>Children who have a knack at drawing can greatly improve +the bungalow by drawing the slats to the blinds, drawing in +the panelling on the front door, putting on the knob, putting +shingles on the roof, etc., etc.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_98" id="Fig_98"></a> +<img src="images/i060.png" width="300" height="182" alt="Fig. 98—Draw the bungalow on the envelope in this way." title="Fig. 98—Draw the bungalow on the envelope in this way." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 98—Draw the bungalow on the envelope in this way.</span> +</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>The Cart</h3> + +<p>The little cart (<a href="#Fig_99">Fig. 99</a>), that will hold quite a heavy doll, +and can be trundled about like one made of wood, is not cut +at all.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_99" id="Fig_99"></a> +<img src="images/i061a.jpg" width="300" height="253" alt="Fig. 99—The cart can be trundled about like one made of wood." title="Fig. 99—The cart can be trundled about like one made of wood." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 99—The cart can be trundled about like one made of wood.</span> +</div> + + +<p>Fold an oblong envelope into the box shape (<a href="#Fig_93">Fig. 93</a>), with +points turned up, but let the points be deeper than for the +bed or sofa. This is because the ends of the envelope are to +form the sides of the cart and must be longer from front to +back. Bend the tips of the points in and crease the folds +sharply that they may lie flat against the sides. Sharpen +one end of a small, round stick and push it through the middle +of the folded point on one side, then slide a large, empty spool +on the stick and thrust the point of the stick through the +opposite side (<a href="#Fig_100">Fig. 100</a>). The stick should stand out beyond +the cart about half an inch on each side, and will need no +fastening.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_100" id="Fig_100"></a> +<img src="images/i061b.jpg" width="300" height="252" alt="Fig. 100—This is the way to put wheels on the cart." title="Fig. 100—This is the way to put wheels on the cart." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 100—This is the way to put wheels on the cart.</span> +</div> +<p>Puncture a hole in one end of the cart, thread a cotton +string through the hole, tie a large knot on the inside end and +pull the string through until the knot presses close against the +end of the cart. Let the string be long enough to reach easily +from the floor to the little hand that will hold the other end.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span></p> + +<p>Besides all these toys, a baby's cradle that has rockers and +will rock, a cunning little dressing-table with its mirror, boxes +of different shapes and sizes, and various kinds of baskets +can be made of the old envelope. Probably there are other +forms it may be made to assume—boats perhaps, that for a +time at least will float on the water, and animals other than +the frog.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VIII</h2> + +<h3>TOYS OF CLOTHESPINS</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">You</span> can make cunning, soft, downy hens and roosters +simply of raw cotton and clothespins (<a href="#Fig_101">Fig. 101</a>). The little +creatures may be pure white, dark colored, or part dark and +part light, according to the cotton used.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_101" id="Fig_101"></a> +<img src="images/i063.jpg" width="400" height="233" alt="Fig. 101—Soft, downy hens and roosters." title="Fig. 101—Soft, downy hens and roosters." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 101—Soft, downy hens and roosters.</span> +</div> + +<p>All of</p> + + +<h3>The Chickens</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>have the same kind of foundation. It is made by sliding the +prongs of two clothespins into each other (<a href="#Fig_102">Fig. 102</a>). Be +sure the clothespins, when together, stand firm on the prong +ends, for these form the legs and feet of the chickens.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></div> + + + +<div class='center'><a name="Fig_102" id="Fig_102"></a><a name="Fig_103" id="Fig_103"></a> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Making Chickens"> +<tr><td align='center' colspan='2'><img src="images/i064a.jpg" width="400" height="205" alt="Fig. 102—Slide the prongs of two clothespins together." title="Fig. 102—Slide the prongs of two clothespins together." /> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'><span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 102—Slide the prongs of<br />two clothespins together.</span> +</td><td align='center'><span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 103—Tie a piece of raw<br />cotton over the head of<br />one clothespin.</span> +</td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<p>With a string tie a piece of raw cotton over the head of one +clothespin; have the string tight, but the cotton cover rather +loose. Bring the cotton partly down the clothespin and tie +it again (<a href="#Fig_103">Fig. 103</a>); then use your fingers to shape the top +cotton into the form of a rooster's head; gently pull a little +of it out to make the beak; tie a string around the beak where +it joins the head, and, with thumb and finger slightly dampened, +twist the end of the beak into a point (<a href="#Fig_104">Fig. 104</a>). Cotton +which comes in sheets is best for the tail, but the other will<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> +do. Lay the centre of a generous piece of cotton over the +head of the second clothespin, plait the loose ends around the +pin, and fasten with a string, making the edge of the tail in +a line with the opening of the prongs of the pin. Cut the +folded end rounded on top, and slit it up a short distance into +wide fringe to form the long feathers of the rooster's tail +(<a href="#Fig_104">Fig. 104</a>).</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Finished chickens"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 286px;"><a name="Fig_104" id="Fig_104"></a> +<img src="images/i064b.jpg" width="286" height="250" alt="Fig. 104—Pull a little of the cotton out to make a beak." title="Fig. 104—Pull a little of the cotton out to make a beak." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 104—Pull a little of the cotton out to make a beak.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 282px;"><a name="Fig_105" id="Fig_105"></a> +<img src="images/i064c.jpg" width="282" height="250" alt="Fig. 105—A fine little rooster that will move his little head." title="Fig. 105—A fine little rooster that will move his little head." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 105—A fine little rooster that will move his little head.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>With another piece of cotton cover the back and sides of the +rooster, as you would put a saddle on a horse. Bring the +edges of the cover together down the neck and body; when +fitted lift the cover, put paste here and there on its under side +near the edge, replace the cover and it will stick fast; then, +with the top of a wire hairpin, push the edges of the cover, +front and back, in between the open prongs of the clothespin. +Ink round bits of paper and paste on the rooster for eyes; +make his comb and wattles of red tissue paper (<a href="#Fig_105">Fig. 105</a>), +and you will have a fine rooster which can actually<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>Move His Little Cotton Head</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>up and down, fast or slow, as you wish. To make him do so, +hold the front leg steady with your left hand, while with your +right hand you raise and lower the other leg. Try it, and see +how naturally the little fellow appears to pick up corn in an +eager, hungry manner.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_106" id="Fig_106"></a> +<img src="images/i065.jpg" width="400" height="309" alt="Fig. 106—The little hen." title="Fig. 106—The little hen." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 106—The little hen.</span> +</div> + + +<p>Fashion the hen in the same way you made the rooster, +only have the tail smaller and without long feathers (<a href="#Fig_106">Fig. 106</a>). +The comb on the hen must also be smaller than that on the +rooster. The general shape of the hen is the same as that +of the rooster. Notice that the direction of outline along the +lower edge of tail and body is one continuous slanting line; +remember this when adjusting the tail that it may not stand +out backward at right angles from the body.</p> + + +<h3>The Little Lambs</h3> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_107" id="Fig_107"></a> +<img src="images/i066.jpg" width="400" height="129" alt="Fig. 107—Making a downy little lamb out of a clothespin." title="Fig. 107—Making a downy little lamb out of a clothespin." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 107—Making a downy little lamb out of a clothespin.</span> +</div> + +<div class='unindent'>are made in much the same way as the chickens. Slide two +clothespins together for the foundation (<a href="#Fig_102">Fig. 102</a>); tie a wad +of cotton over the head of one pin, then pull the head out a +trifle on each side for ears, and tie with a string as you made +the rooster's beak. Cover the second clothespin, making the +upper part, which extends down, quite thick; then lift the +upper part, and bring it across to the lamb's neck, for the +little animal must have an almost level back (<a href="#Fig_107">Fig. 107</a>). Cut<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span> +a piece of cotton large enough to cover the entire back and +sides of the lamb, lay it over the lamb like a very large saddle, +and fasten it in place with paste. Use small inked papers +for eyes, and tie a gay ribbon around his neck (<a href="#Fig_108">Fig. 108</a>). +Make a number of little lambs, for they are so attractive and +pretty grouped together (<a href="#Fig_109">Fig. 109</a>).</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_108" id="Fig_108"></a> +<img src="images/i067a.jpg" width="400" height="245" alt="Fig. 108—Tie a gay ribbon around the lamb's neck." title="Fig. 108—Tie a gay ribbon around the lamb's neck." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 108—Tie a gay ribbon around the lamb's neck.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_109" id="Fig_109"></a> +<img src="images/i067b.jpg" width="400" height="239" alt="Fig. 109—The group of sheep." title="Fig. 109—The group of sheep." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 109—The group of sheep.</span> +</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p> + + + +<h3>The Rabbit</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_110">Fig. 110</a>) has the same kind of foundation as the lamb, but +stretched out more, bringing the heads of the pins lower and +farther apart. He needs very long ears, so they must be of +separate pieces of sheet cotton tied to the head. Make his +head rather large, and in other respects manufacture him +much the same as the lamb.</div> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Rabbit and Dog"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 237px;"><a name="Fig_110" id="Fig_110"></a> +<img src="images/i068a.jpg" width="237" height="250" alt="Fig. 110—Such a funny little long-eared rabbit." title="Fig. 110—Such a funny little long-eared rabbit." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 110—Such a funny little long-eared rabbit.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 236px;"><a name="Fig_111" id="Fig_111"></a> +<img src="images/i068b.jpg" width="236" height="250" alt="Fig. 111—The doggie's head is large." title="Fig. 111—The doggie's head is large." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 111—The doggie's head is large.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<h3>The Ears and Tail of a Dog</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>are too large for pulling out and tying from the main piece +of cotton, so cut them separate and tie on at the proper places. +Make the doggie's head large, and the saddle-like cover thick, +that the little fellow may be plump and fat; cut inked paper +for eyes and end of nose; with these exceptions the work +is the same as on the lamb (<a href="#Fig_107">Fig. 107</a>).</div> + +<p>When tying beaks, ears, and tails of the various animals, +cut the string ends close to the knot; then the string will sink +into the cotton.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span></p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Dressing the doll"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_112" id="Fig_112"></a> +<img src="images/i069a.jpg" width="300" height="285" alt="Fig. 112—Begin to dress the doll in this way." title="Fig. 112—Begin to dress the doll in this way." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 112—Begin to dress the doll in this way.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><br /><div class="figcenter" style="width: 210px;"><a name="Fig_113" id="Fig_113"></a> +<img src="images/i069b.jpg" width="210" height="285" alt="Fig. 113—A strip of cotton for arms." title="Fig. 113—A strip of cotton for arms." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 113—A strip of cotton for arms.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>To dress a</p> + + +<h3>Little Girl Doll,</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>cut a strip of cotton extending from below the neck line of the +clothespin to within a short distance of the ends of the prongs; +tie the cotton in gathers around the lower edge of the neck, +and again lower down at the belt line (<a href="#Fig_112">Fig. 112</a>). Make +the arms of a strip of cotton about four and a quarter inches +long and one inch wide; slash in the middle a short distance, +and slip the strip over the head of the pin (<a href="#Fig_113">Fig. 113</a>); bend at +the shoulders, fold remaining lengths once for arms, and, with +dampened thumb and finger, lightly twist the ends into hands. +The edges of the cotton forming arms and hands will cling +together. Tie a bright ribbon sash around Miss Dolly's +waist; then make her hair of a strip of dark raw cotton; fit +and press it on the wooden head, twisting the ends to resemble +long braids; pinch the cotton up on the top of the head to +form a pompadour; when adjusted take the wig off; cover +the wooden head with paste, and replace the wig, setting it +well back from the front of the head. Fasten a ribbon bow<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> +back of the pompadour, and tie the braids together at the +nape of the neck with another ribbon; then ink the features. +Insert the ends of the prongs of the clothespin forming +dolly's feet into a small piece of double-faced corrugated +straw board, fasten them in with paste, and the little girl will +stand alone (<a href="#Fig_114">Fig. 114</a>). The doll's back is shown in <a href="#Fig_115">Fig. 115</a>.</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="More doll dressing"> +<tr><td align='left'><br /><div class="figcenter" style="width: 191px;"><a name="Fig_114" id="Fig_114"></a> +<img src="images/i070c.jpg" width="191" height="365" alt="Fig. 114—Little girl doll made of a clothespin and dressed in raw cotton." title="Fig. 114—Little girl doll made of a clothespin and dressed in raw cotton." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 114—Little girl doll made of a clothespin and dressed in raw cotton.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 188px;"><a name="Fig_115" id="Fig_115"></a> +<img src="images/i070d.jpg" width="188" height="365" alt="Fig. 115—Miss Dolly's back." title="Fig. 115—Miss Dolly's back." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 115—Miss Dolly's back.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 192px;"><a name="Fig_116" id="Fig_116"></a> +<img src="images/i070e.jpg" width="192" height="366" alt="Fig. 116—The clothespin boy." title="Fig. 116—The clothespin boy." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 116—The clothespin boy.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Make the</p> + + +<h3>Boy Doll</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_116">Fig. 116</a>) stand in the same manner; fashion his hair of dark +cotton, his trousers of a strip of white cotton tied around the +waist and pushed in between the prongs of the clothespins. +Cut the coat from a folded piece of cotton, a hole in the centre +of the fold for the head to pass through; straight sleeves horizontally +cut along the fold; and the remainder in sacque form +like a Japanese coat or pajamas. The sleeves form the arms +and the hands of the boy.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span></div> + +<p>Fasten a belt high at the back and low in the front around +his waist, giving the coat a Russian-blouse effect; make him +a ribbon bow necktie, and ink the features.</p> + +<p>These small people are very bewitching, as are also the +animals.</p> + +<p>You can color the sheet cotton slightly here and there with +water-color paint if you are clever with a paint brush. As you +work with these little dolls and animals you will find ever so +many ways to vary them in effect. They are so soft and +fluffy that a baby can play with them without injury, and a +school or college boy may be amused by being presented +with one, appropriately dressed, as a souvenir of pleasant +experiences at a college luncheon or dinner.</p> + +<p>To make a foot-ball player, finish the blouse without necktie +or belt; make the shoulders wide and the hair rather short, +like a college boy's rough head. So much for the boy. +Paste a letter cut out of colored paper on the front of the +blouse to make it look like a college sweater, and gather the +trousers in a little at the knees. You can tuck an egg-shaped +ball made of brown raw wool under one arm for a +realistic touch, if you choose.</p> + +<p>Little girl dolls may be similarly made to represent basket-ball +players in short skirts and school or college sweaters, +with appropriate emblems on the front, for a special entertainment.</p> + +<p>Making these figures is much less trouble than dressing +dolls entails, and much more of a novelty, too. They take +so many shapes that they fit almost any occasion.</p> + +<p>In fact, the possibilities of these cotton and clothespin toys +are almost endless in the hands of ingenious young people.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER IX</h2> + +<h3>SCRAP-BOOKS</h3> + + +<h3><br />Mother Goose Scrap-Book</h3> + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> nursery scrap-books made of linen or colored cambric +are, perhaps, familiar to most of our readers; but for the +benefit of those who may not yet have seen these durable +little books, we will give the following directions for making +one:</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Stitching the book"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_117" id="Fig_117"></a> +<img src="images/i072a.png" width="300" height="151" alt="Fig. 117—Scrap-book opened and stitched through the middle." title="Fig. 117—Scrap-book opened and stitched through the middle." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 117—Scrap-book opened and stitched through the middle.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 152px;"><a name="Fig_118" id="Fig_118"></a> +<img src="images/i072b.png" width="152" height="151" alt="Fig. 118—Scrap-book folded and then stitched." title="Fig. 118—Scrap-book folded and then stitched." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 118—Scrap-book folded and then stitched.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Cut from a piece of strong linen, colored cambric, or white +muslin, four oblongs twenty-four inches long by twelve +inches wide. Buttonhole-stitch the edges all around with +some bright-colored worsted, then place the oblongs neatly +together and stitch them directly through the centre with +strong thread (<a href="#Fig_117">Fig. 117</a>). Fold them over, stitch again, as in +<a href="#Fig_118">Fig. 118</a>, and your book is finished and ready for the pictures.</p> +<div class='center'><a name="Fig_119" id="Fig_119"></a><a name="Fig_121" id="Fig_121"></a> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Book with pictures"> +<tr><td align='center' colspan='2'><img src="images/i073.png" width="400" height="242" alt="Fig. 119—Three Wise Men of Gotham and Fig 121—Little Jack Horner." title="Fig. 119—Three Wise Men of Gotham and Fig 121—Little Jack Horner." /> +</td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'><span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 119—Three Wise<br />Men of Gotham</span> +</td><td align='center'><span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 121—Little Jack Horner.</span></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 138px;"><a name="Fig_120" id="Fig_120"></a> +<img src="images/i074a.png" width="138" height="400" alt="Fig. 120—Materials for Three Wise Men of Gotham." title="Fig. 120—Materials for Three Wise Men of Gotham." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 120—Materials for Three Wise Men of Gotham.</span> +</div> +<p>It is in the preparation of these pictures that you will find<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> +the novelty of the plan I propose. Instead of pasting in +cards and pictures which have become too familiar to awaken +interest, let the young book-makers design and form their +own pictures by cutting special figures, or parts of figures, +from different cards, and then pasting them together so as +to form new combinations.</p> +<div class="figright" style="width: 214px;"><a name="Fig_122" id="Fig_122"></a> +<img src="images/i074b.png" width="214" height="400" alt="Fig. 122—Materials for Little Jack Horner." title="Fig. 122—Materials for Little Jack Horner." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 122—Materials for Little Jack Horner.</span> +</div> + + +<p>Any subject which pleases the fancy can be illustrated in +this way, and the children will soon be deeply interested in +the work and delighted at the strange and striking pictorial +characters that can be produced by ingenious combinations.</p> +<p>Stories and little poems may be very nicely and aptly +illustrated; but the "Mother Goose Melodies" are, perhaps, +the most suitable subjects with which to interest younger +children, as they will be easily recognized by the little folk.</p> + +<p>Take, for instance, the "Three Wise Men of Gotham," who +went to sea in a bowl. Will not <a href="#Fig_119">Fig. 119</a> serve very well as +an illustration of the subject? Yet these figures are cut from +advertising cards, and no two from the same card. <a href="#Fig_120">Fig. 120</a> +shows the materials; <a href="#Fig_119">Fig. 119</a> shows the result of combining +them.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span></p> + +<p>Again, the little man dancing so gaily (<a href="#Fig_122">Fig. 122</a>) is turned +into "Little Jack Horner" eating his Christmas pie (<a href="#Fig_121">Fig. 121</a>), +by merely cutting off his legs and substituting +a dress skirt and pair of feet clipped from +another card. The Christmas pie in his lap +is from still another card.</p> + +<p>In making pictures of this kind, figures +that were originally +standing may be forced +to sit; babies may be +placed in arms which, on +the cards they were stolen +from, held only cakes of +soap, perhaps, or boxes +of blacking; heads may +be ruthlessly torn from +bodies to which they belong, +and as ruthlessly +clapped upon strange +shoulders; and you will +be surprised to see what +amusing, and often excellent, +illustrations present themselves as the result of a little +ingenuity in clipping and pasting.</p> + + + + +<p>Another kind, which we shall call the</p> + + +<h3>Transformation Scrap-Book</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>will be found exceedingly amusing on account of the various +and ever-changing pictures it presents.</div> + +<p>Unlike any other, where the picture once pasted in must +remain ever the same, the transformation scrap-book alters +one picture many times. To work these transformations, a +blank book is the first article required; one eight inches long +by six and a half or seven wide is a good size.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span></p> + +<p>Cut the pages of this book across, one-third the way down. +<a href="#Fig_123">Fig. 123</a> shows how this should be done. The three-cornered +piece cut out near the +binding allows the +pages to be turned +without catching or +tearing. Leave the +first page uncut; also +the one in the middle +of the book.</p> + +<p>Cut from picture-cards, +or old toy-books +which have colored +illustrations, the +odd and funny figures of men and women, boys and girls, +selecting those which will give variety of costumes and +attitudes.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;"><a name="Fig_123" id="Fig_123"></a> +<img src="images/i075.png" width="350" height="242" alt="Fig. 123—Transformation scrap-book with pages cut." title="Fig. 123—Transformation scrap-book with pages cut." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 123—Transformation scrap-book with pages cut.</span> +</div> + +<p>Paste the figure of a woman or a girl on the first page, +placing it so that when the lower part of the next page is +turned the upper edge of it will come across the neck of the +figure where it is joined on to the shoulders.</p> +<div class="figright" style="width: 332px;"><a name="Fig_124" id="Fig_124"></a> +<img src="images/i076.png" width="332" height="425" alt="Fig. 124—Leaves from a transformation scrap-book." title="Fig. 124—Leaves from a transformation scrap-book." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 124—Leaves from a transformation scrap-book.</span> +</div> +<p>Cut the heads from the rest of the pictured women, turn the +lower part of the next page and, choosing a body as different +as possible from the one just used, paste it upon the lower part +of the second page, directly under the head belonging to the +first body. Upon the upper part of the second page paste +any one of the other heads, being careful to place it so that +it will fit the body. Continue in this way, pasting the heads +upon the upper, and the bodies on the lower, part of the page, +until the space allowed for the women is filled up; then, +commencing at the page left in the middle of the book, paste +upon it the figure of a man, and continue in the same manner +as with the women, until the spaces are all used and the book +is complete.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span>The combinations formed in this way are very funny.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span> +Old heads with young bodies; young heads with old bodies; +then one head with a great variety of bodies, and so on.</p> + +<p>The first picture may represent a man, tall, thin, dressed +in a rowing costume, as shown in the illustration. Turn the +lower part of the next page, and no longer is he thin and tall, +but short and stout, the position of this body giving the expression +of amazement, even to the face. The next page +turned shows him to be neither tall nor short, thick nor thin, +but a soldier, well-proportioned, who is looking over his +shoulder in the most natural manner possible (<a href="#Fig_124">Fig. 124</a>).</p> + + + +<p>The figures in <a href="#Fig_124">Fig. 124</a> were cut from advertising cards, +and the head belongs to none of the bodies.</p> + +<p>A curious fact in arranging the pictures in this way is that +the heads all look as though they might really belong to any +of the various bodies given them.</p> + +<p>Instead of having but one figure on a page, groups may be +formed of both men and women, and in the different arrangement +of the figures they can be made very ludicrous +indeed.</p> + + +<h3>Flour Paste</h3> + +<p>Mix one-half cup of flour with enough cold water to make +a very thin batter, which must be smooth and free from +lumps; put the batter on top of the stove—not next to the +fire—in a tin saucepan, and stir continually until it boils; +then remove from the stove, add three drops of oil of cloves, +and pour the paste into a cup or tumbler. This will keep for +a long time and will not become sour.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER X</h2> + +<h3>TOYS MADE OF COMMON KINDLING WOOD</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Just</span> a glance at a pile of ordinary every-day kindling wood +could hardly suggest to one the possibilities existing in the +crude material for building all sorts of interesting and realistic +things for the little folks, but experiment and you will find +that Klondike log-houses, rail-fences and lumber camps, +bridges, and substantial little rafts which will float on water +in laundry or bath tub, pond or stream, can be easily and +readily built from the little sticks we use to start our fires.</p> + +<p>Let us build</p> + + +<h3>The Bridge</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>first, that Indians and men may cross the water to the lumber +region beyond, and cut logs for their rafts (<a href="#Fig_125">Fig. 125</a>).</div> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_125" id="Fig_125"></a> +<img src="images/i079.jpg" width="400" height="242" alt="Fig. 125—The little bridge built of kindling wood." title="Fig. 125—The little bridge built of kindling wood." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 125—The little bridge built of kindling wood.</span> +</div><p>Select two sticks of kindling wood as near of a size as you +can find, and lay them side by side, a short distance apart; +then connect the two by placing sticks across the ends, log-cabin +fashion. These four sticks form the square foundation +of one bridge pier.</p> + +<p>Continue building by crossing the second layer of sticks +with a third layer, the third layer with a fourth layer, and +so on until the pier is built up sufficiently high, six or more +layers, according to the thickness of the sticks. As you +build be sure that the two sticks forming each layer lie absolutely +steady and are of about the same thickness, that those +built on top of them may not slant, but lie level and steady.</p> + +<p>All sticks should be of the same length, but the layers may +vary in thickness; one layer of sticks might be thin and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> +next thick; it matters not, provided that the two forming the +same layer are nearly of a size.</p> + + + +<p>When the first pier is finished, build a second one like it a +short distance from the first one, and lay a strip of stiff pasteboard, +cut from an old box, across from pier to pier; then lay +a second strip of pasteboard from one pier to the ground, a +third strip from the remaining pier to the ground on the opposite +side (<a href="#Fig_125">Fig. 125</a>). If you wish, the two end strips can +be longer than those shown in the photograph, and slant from +the piers down to the ground on a level with the water. The +banks in the photograph are built up with boxes and covered +with green cloth.</p> + +<p>For each of the two archways, take two thin sticks of wood +and stand them at the top outward edge of the pier, with +ends braced together at the top, and spread out at the bottom, +as in the photograph.</p> + +<p>Use either natural or tissue-paper trees stuck into empty +spools for foliage, or little toy trees, if you happen to have +them among the children's store toys.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p> + +<p>Though the bridge is not intended to be over real water, +you might try the experiment and strengthen the hollow piers +by filling them with stones, when building the bridge out-of-doors.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_126" id="Fig_126"></a> +<img src="images/i080.jpg" width="400" height="260" alt="Fig. 126—Kindling-wood rafts that will float on real water." title="Fig. 126—Kindling-wood rafts that will float on real water." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 126—Kindling-wood rafts that will float on real water.</span> +</div> + +<p><a href="#Fig_126">Fig. 126</a> shows two little</p> + + +<h3>Kindling-Wood Rafts</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>which will float on real water. Have the slender sticks for +the raft all of the same length, and use about sixteen or eighteen +sticks for each raft. Weave them together with a string. +Begin by tying the centre of a long string around each end of a +stick, which should be about eight inches in length (<a href="#Fig_127">Fig. 127</a>).</div> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Building the raft 1"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_127" id="Fig_127"></a> +<img src="images/i081a.png" width="300" height="111" alt="Fig. 127—Begin the raft in this way." title="Fig. 127—Begin the raft in this way." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 127—Begin the raft in this way.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 191px;"><a name="Fig_128" id="Fig_128"></a> +<img src="images/i081b.png" width="191" height="85" alt="Fig. 128—Lay a second stick up against the tie." title="Fig. 128—Lay a second stick up against the tie." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 128—Lay a second stick up against the tie.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Place one end of a second stick up against one tie, allowing +one string to come over and the other string under the second +stick (<a href="#Fig_128">Fig. 128</a>). Cross the two lengths of the string over the +second stick, bringing the lower string up and the upper +string down (<a href="#Fig_129">Fig. 129</a>); then lay another stick up against<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> +the crossed strings, carrying the strings in turn over this stick +(<a href="#Fig_130">Fig. 130</a>). Again, bring the lower string up and the upper +string down, before placing another stick. Continue crossing +the string and adding kindling wood until the raft is of the +desired length. Tie the ends of the string securely on the +last stick, and weave the opposite loose ends of the sticks +together in the same way, tying the string firmly together on +the last stick. Clip off the ends of the string and the raft +will then be ready for the water, and will carry either passengers +or freight.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Building the raft 2"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_129" id="Fig_129"></a> +<img src="images/i081c.png" width="250" height="116" alt="Fig. 129—Cross the strings around the second stick." title="Fig. 129—Cross the strings around the second stick." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 129—Cross the strings around the second stick.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_130" id="Fig_130"></a> +<img src="images/i081d.png" width="250" height="161" alt="Fig. 130—Cross the strings around the third stick." title="Fig. 130—Cross the strings around the third stick." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 130—Cross the strings around the third stick.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Put up log-houses for the toy people to live in. Select two +different lengths of kindling wood for</p> + + +<h3>The Houses</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>that the buildings may be longer one way than the other. +They will look better and be more comfortable than if square.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span></div> + +<p>Place two long sticks of kindling wood a short distance +apart and running parallel; across these sticks lay two +shorter ones, bridging the space at each end between the long +sticks, then place two long sticks over the ends of the two +short ones; keep building in this way until the little house is +seven or eight layers high.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_131" id="Fig_131"></a> +<img src="images/i082.jpg" width="400" height="200" alt="Fig. 131—A Klondike settlement with dog train and sledge." title="Fig. 131—A Klondike settlement with dog train and sledge." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 131—A Klondike settlement with dog train and sledge.</span> +</div> + +<p>Cut a piece of white cardboard or light-weight pasteboard +the length of the house, and wider than the width of the house, +to allow for the slant of the roof. Bend the roof lengthwise +through the centre and lay it on top of the house (<a href="#Fig_131">Fig. 131</a>). +Make a door of stiff pasteboard painted or covered with a +layer of brown tissue-paper pasted on the outside. Cut the +door a suitable size and stand it up in front of the house.</p> + +<p>If you want</p> + + +<h3>An Arctic Scene</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>spread a piece of white cloth over a table for the snowy +ground. Canton flannel, fleecy side up, is best, but any kind +will answer the purpose. Then erect several kindling-wood +houses and form a Klondike settlement (<a href="#Fig_131">Fig. 131</a>).</div> + +<p>Original home-made toy men, dogs, and sled may be used<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> +to complete the scene, or they can be cut from newspapers +or old magazines. Stiffen by pasting them on cardboard; +then cut out the men, dogs, and sled more carefully in detail. +Bend one leg forward and one backward to make the men +stand alone, and bend two legs outward and two inward to +enable the dogs to stand. Paste narrow strips of paper on the +dogs for harness.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_132" id="Fig_132"></a> +<img src="images/i083.png" width="400" height="287" alt="Fig. 132—The Virginia rail-fence." title="Fig. 132—The Virginia rail-fence." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 132—The Virginia rail-fence.</span> +</div> + +<p>Make another kindling-wood scene like <a href="#Fig_132">Fig. 132</a>.</p> + + +<h3>Rail-Fences</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>are peculiar to America. You cannot find them abroad, and +every little boy and girl will want to know how to build one +of these old-fashioned "snake" or Virginia rail-fences. The +fence may be of any length, its zigzag lines can run in any +direction, all the way across the room if you choose.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span></div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Building the rail fence"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"><a name="Fig_133" id="Fig_133"></a> +<img src="images/i084.png" width="200" height="103" alt="Fig. 133—Form a rude letter V." title="Fig. 133—Form a rude letter V." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 133—Form a rude letter V.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 259px;"><a name="Fig_134" id="Fig_134"></a> +<img src="images/i084b.png" width="259" height="100" alt="Fig. 134—Across the end of the second stick place the end of a third stick." title="Fig. 134—Across the end of the second stick place the end of a third stick." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 134—Across the end of the second stick place the end of a third stick.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Lay down one piece of kindling wood, and over one end +place the end of another stick, forming a rude letter V (<a href="#Fig_133">Fig. 133</a>). Across the end of the second stick which rests on the +ground, place the end of a third stick (<a href="#Fig_134">Fig. 134</a>). Keep on +building the first layer of the fence in this way until it stretches +as far as you wish; then go back to the starting point and +begin building the second layer of sticks, by placing a stick +over the first stick, resting one end on the far end of the first +stick, the other end on the top of the end of the second stick; +lay another stick across over the second stick, another over +the third, and so on until the second layer is finished. Build +other layers in like manner, and make the fence high or low, +as desired. Pile up kindling wood into a wood-pile with +small pieces scattered on the ground, and if there is a toy +horse you can make him haul more wood (<a href="#Fig_132">Fig. 132</a>).</p> + +<p>These kindling-wood toys will give a realistic idea of log-houses, +rail-fences, log rafts, and primitive bridges, and while +building them the children might be told stories of the way +early settlers lived and made their homes, or the children may +"make up" stories about the different scenes.</p> + + +<h3>Hammocks</h3> + +<p>Substantial little hammocks which will hold good-sized +dolls, and even a real pussy with no danger of the material +breaking, can be made of ordinary kindling wood or strips of +pasteboard (<a href="#Fig_135">Fig. 135</a>). Both styles of hammocks are woven +in the same manner. The weaving is like that used for the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> +raft and is of the simplest, most primitive kind, merely crossing +of the two ends of each side string between each piece of +wood (or pasteboard) slat, with loops of string left at each +end of the hammock for hanging it up. When fashioned of +kindling wood, like that in the photograph, have the sticks +slender and all of the same length. When made of pasteboard, +cut seven-inch-wide strips from a heavy pasteboard box and +cut the strips crosswise into one-half-inch slats. Have ready +two long strings measuring about two and a half yards each. +Double each string and tie a knot in the closed end, fifteen +inches from the extreme folded end, then place your work on +the top of the table, or some other flat surface where you can +keep the slats flat and even. Begin to weave by laying a +slat between the loose ends of each string.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_135" id="Fig_135"></a> +<img src="images/i085.png" width="400" height="196" alt="Fig. 135—A substantial little hammock." title="Fig. 135—A substantial little hammock." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 135—A substantial little hammock.</span> +</div> + +<p>Push the slat up tight against the knots and cross the strings +on the outer edge of the slat. Slide another slat between the +two ends of each side string, shoving it close up against the +crossed strings at the outer edge of the first slat. Bring one +end of each string over and one under the second slat, cross +them, and add the third slat. Continue weaving in this way +until the hammock is of sufficient length, then tie the strings +securely at the outer edge of the last slat.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span></p> + +<p>After you have put in the last board bring the slats up very +close together and draw the strings firm and tight. Tie the +double lengths of string together at each end of the hammock, +making two long loops by which to hang up the hammock.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XI</h2> + +<h3>LITTLE TWIG PEOPLE</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">Have</span> you seen the little people who live up in the trees? +Little twig people who dance and swing and bob about, who +nod and bow and flutter hither and yon; some astride funny +twig horses, others dangling head down, many waiting to +run a race when a stiff breeze comes along, and all as merry +as merry can be, tossing their long, thin arms and legs in the +air just for the fun of it. Perhaps some of these queer folk +are outside your window now, and it may be near enough to +the ground for even the littlest boys and girls to reach if they +stand on their toes. Here are several of the twig people who +came down and posed for their photographs. We will give +each one a name.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_145">Fig. 145</a> is Miss Daffy-down-dilly, who has just come to +town and is feeling very bashful about it.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_148">Fig. 148</a> is Jack-be-nimble Jack-be-quick, who thinks he +can jump over any candlestick, high or low.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_151">Fig. 151</a> is the Little Crooked Man who ran a crooked +mile.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_152">Fig. 152</a> is Little Miss Muffet, who is so terribly afraid of +the spider.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_153">Fig. 153</a> is Peter White, who follows his nose wherever he +goes.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_154">Fig. 154</a> is Doctor Foster, who went to Gloster in a shower +of rain, and he is stepping very high to avoid falling into the +puddle we have all heard about.</p> + +<p>The little twig people do not look quite as real when +separated from the tree as when you see them dancing in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> +breeze, so it is necessary to help out their appearance with +paper heads and hands and feet.</p> + +<p>Use care in selecting your twigs, for they are not all alike. +Some are quite choice and unique, others more commonplace +and less amusing. Suitable ones may be found in plenty.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Sticks and heads"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;"><a name="Fig_136" id="Fig_136"></a> +<img src="images/i088a.png" width="251" height="400" alt="Fig. 136—The black bands on the twigs show where they should be trimmed off." title="Fig. 136—The black bands on the twigs show where they should be trimmed off." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 136—The black bands on the twigs show where they should be trimmed off.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 146px;"><a name="Fig_137" id="Fig_137"></a> +<img src="images/i088b.png" width="146" height="200" alt="Fig. 137—Fastening the twig." title="Fig. 137—Fastening the twig." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 137—Fastening the twig.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>When a small branch is broken from a tree or bush, you +will find that some of the twigs attached look like queer, +crooked, little legs, and some, just the right distance above, +seem made for arms. Then comes the long neck that is +joined, perhaps, to the still larger branch or to the trunk of +the tree. Sometimes there are several arms and several<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> +legs too many and you must look closely and decide which +are the real ones; then cut off the others.</p> + +<p>You will know the real</p> + + +<h3>Arms and Legs</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>for they are always the funniest ones and the most suggestive +of comical action.</div> + +<p>Cut the long neck down in proportion to the rest of the +body and trim the arms and legs off to the proper length. +Remember that one inch of the neck of the dolls must be +inserted in the head and allow for that in cutting the long stem.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_136">Fig. 136</a> gives a branch as it looks when taken from the +tree, and the black bands on the twigs show where they should +be trimmed off to bring the little figure into proportions. +The parts left white or in outline, below the bands, are to be +cut away. There are two legs to this branch and three arms, +one of which must be dispensed with. The left arm must +remain and it matters but little which of the right arms is +selected. In this case the lower one is marked to be cut.</p> + +<p>Now comes the making of the</p> + + +<h3>Heads, Hands, and Feet</h3> + +<p>These must all be double, for, to hold them on, the twigs are +pasted between the two halves. In some cases, where the +neck is quite thick, you will find it best to shave off a little +at front and back to flatten it, so that the neck may lie easily +between the two parts of the head and not push the face out +of shape (<a href="#Fig_137">Fig. 137</a>). This is seldom necessary, however, +unless the doll is unusually large.</p> + +<p><a href="#Fig_138">Figs. 138</a>, <a href="#Fig_139">139</a>, <a href="#Fig_140">140</a>, <a href="#Fig_141">141</a>, <a href="#Fig_142">142</a>, and <a href="#Fig_143">143</a> give the heads of all +our little troupe sufficiently large to be copied. <a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a> +shows the hands and feet.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Heads"> +<tr><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 193px;"><a name="Fig_138" id="Fig_138"></a> +<img src="images/i090-138.png" width="193" height="238" alt="Fig. 138—Daffy-down-dilly." title="Fig. 138—Daffy-down-dilly." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 138—Daffy-down-dilly.</span> +</div></td><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 214px;"><a name="Fig_139" id="Fig_139"></a> +<img src="images/i090-139.png" width="214" height="224" alt="Fig. 139—Little Miss Muffet." title="Fig. 139—Little Miss Muffet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 139—Little Miss Muffet.</span> +</div></td><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 241px;"><a name="Fig_140" id="Fig_140"></a> +<img src="images/i090-140.png" width="241" height="278" alt="Fig. 140—Jack-be-nimble." title="Fig. 140—Jack-be-nimble." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 140—Jack-be-nimble.</span> +</div></td></tr> +<tr><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 221px;"><a name="Fig_141" id="Fig_141"></a> +<img src="images/i090-141.png" width="221" height="217" alt="Fig. 141—The Little Crooked Man." title="Fig. 141—The Little Crooked Man." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 141—The Little Crooked Man.</span> +</div></td><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 241px;"><a name="Fig_142" id="Fig_142"></a> +<img src="images/i090-142.png" width="241" height="221" alt="Fig. 142—Peter White." title="Fig. 142—Peter White." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 142—Peter White.</span> +</div></td><td align='center'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 193px;"><a name="Fig_143" id="Fig_143"></a> +<img src="images/i090-143.png" width="193" height="183" alt="Fig. 143—Doctor Foster." title="Fig. 143—Doctor Foster." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 143—Doctor Foster.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>Use a heavy brown wrapping paper for the heads and draw +the faces simply with pen and ink in broad lines, or, if the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> +children want to color them, they can use water-colors or +colored pencils. In any case the features should be strongly +marked, that the character of the face may not be lost.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 313px;"><a name="Fig_144" id="Fig_144"></a> +<img src="images/i091.png" width="313" height="400" alt="Fig. 144—Hands and feet." title="Fig. 144—Hands and feet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 144—Hands and feet.</span> +</div> + +<p>You can make the hands of paper like the face, or of dark +brown paper (not tissue), to match the dark brown arms. +White hands will give the effect of white gloves. Make the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span> +feet brown or black, or use bright colored paper to represent +colored shoes.</p> + + +<h3>Daffy-Down-Dilly</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>is quite a tall girl, standing eighteen inches high in her heel-less +shoes (<a href="#Fig_145">Fig. 145</a>). Her head, shown in <a href="#Fig_138">Fig. 138</a>, measures +three inches from top to chin; this does not include the +swirl of hair which rises in a peak above the head. Her +hands, A (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>), are two and a quarter inches long from +wrist to tip of middle finger, +and her feet, B (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>), +are two and three-quarter +inches long.</div> +<div class="figright" style="width: 215px;"><a name="Fig_145" id="Fig_145"></a> +<img src="images/i092.jpg" width="215" height="250" alt="Fig. 145—Daffy-down-dilly." title="Fig. 145—Daffy-down-dilly." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 145—Daffy-down-dilly.</span> +</div> + +<p>These are the proportions. +Of course, for a smaller doll +they should be smaller.</p> + +<p>Fold a piece of wrapping +paper, making it double, +and on the paper draw Daffy's +head, copying the one in +<a href="#Fig_138">Fig. 138</a>, or making an original +head if you prefer. The +back hair may be drawn in or +painted if the children insist +upon having an all-around +doll. If the neck is thick shave it off as in <a href="#Fig_137">Fig. 137</a>. Draw +two hands on double pieces of paper and two feet on double +pieces of paper, and cut them out. Daffy's hands are the +color of her face, and her shoes are black.</p> + + +<p>Now cover the inside of the back of the head with paste, +lay the neck on the head and cover that too with paste (<a href="#Fig_137">Fig. 137</a>). Then fit the front of the head to the back and press +it down until the two halves, with the twig between, are pasted +firmly together. In the same way paste on the hands and +feet. Make Daffy's dress of yellow tissue-paper, the color<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> +of a daffodil. Cut a circle for the skirt with a small hole in +the centre and slit it down the back;' then draw it through +your hands to shape it and make it hang nicely.</p> + +<p>Cut out a little waist with pointed sleeves, like <a href="#Fig_146">Fig. 146</a>, +and a pointed collar, like <a href="#Fig_147">Fig. 147</a>. Make the waist double +with the fold at the top, cut a hole for the neck, and slit down +the back. Use green tissue-paper for the collar.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Daffy's Clothes"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;"><a name="Fig_146" id="Fig_146"></a> +<img src="images/i093a.png" width="250" height="158" alt="Fig. 146—Waist of Daffy." title="Fig. 146—Waist of Daffy." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 146—Waist of Daffy.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 132px;"><a name="Fig_147" id="Fig_147"></a> +<img src="images/i093b.png" width="132" height="130" alt="Fig. 147—Collar of Daffy." title="Fig. 147—Collar of Daffy." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 147—Collar of Daffy.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Put the waist on the doll, gather it at the belt line, front and +back, and paste. Paste it also at the neck and along the under +edge of the sleeves. Paste the skirt to the waist at the belt, +bring the edges of the slit together at the back, lap them, and +paste. Wrap a strip of the yellow paper around the waist +for a belt, then put the collar around the neck, and fasten with +a touch of paste.</p> + + +<h3>Jack-be-Nimble</h3> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 210px;"><a name="Fig_148" id="Fig_148"></a> +<img src="images/i094.jpg" width="210" height="250" alt="Fig. 148—Jack-be-nimble." title="Fig. 148—Jack-be-nimble." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 148—Jack-be-nimble.</span> +</div> +<div class='unindent'>came from the elm tree. He is ten inches tall from his cap +to the sole of his shoe (<a href="#Fig_148">Fig. 148</a>). You will find his head in +<a href="#Fig_140">Fig. 140</a>. C (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>) is the pattern for his hands, and +D (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>) the pattern for his feet, which are made of +brown paper. His brilliant costume is fashioned of orange-colored +tissue-paper. Cut the coat like <a href="#Fig_149">Fig. 149</a>, making it +double, with the fold at the top of the high flaring collar. +Cut a hole for the neck and make a small slit down in front, +then turn back the points of the collar at the neck. To<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +avoid slitting the coat all the way to the bottom, put it on +little Jack before you adjust his head. His neck can be +slipped through the hole without trouble; then the edges +of the coat are pasted together. Each leg of the short +trousers is made separately, +of an oblong piece of +tissue-paper. This is gathered +at the knee and waist +line and pasted in place +(<a href="#Fig_150">Fig. 150</a>). If the stripes on +Jack's cap are painted orange +color and his pointed +shoes are also orange, the +effect of his bright costume +will be still more glowing.</div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Jack's Clothes"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 196px;"><a name="Fig_149" id="Fig_149"></a> +<img src="images/i095a.png" width="196" height="158" alt="Fig. 149—Pattern of Jack-be-nimble's coat." title="Fig. 149—Pattern of Jack-be-nimble's coat." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 149—Pattern of Jack-be-nimble's coat.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 184px;"><a name="Fig_150" id="Fig_150"></a> +<img src="images/i095b.png" width="184" height="250" alt="Fig. 150—Each leg of the trousers is made separately." title="Fig. 150—Each leg of the trousers is made separately." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 150—Each leg of the trousers is made separately.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<h3>The Little Crooked Man</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>belongs to the fir-tree family, +and as he is clothed +only in his little rough suit +of brown bark, you can see (<a href="#Fig_151">Fig. 151</a>) how the twigs grow +that form his arms and legs. These are in such positions +and have such peculiar curves he would look as if running +even without hands and feet, but the proper adjustment of +hands as well as feet emphasizes the action. Both are +turned in the direction in which he is going, and one foot is +lifted while the other rests on its heel, giving the stepping-forward +effect.</div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 202px;"><a name="Fig_151" id="Fig_151"></a> +<img src="images/i095c.jpg" width="202" height="250" alt="Fig. 151—The Little Crooked Man." title="Fig. 151—The Little Crooked Man." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 151—The Little Crooked Man.</span> +</div> +<p>You will find the Crooked Man's head in <a href="#Fig_141">Fig. 141</a>. His +hands are cut from brown paper, like C (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>), and his +feet, which are also brown, are like E (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>).</p> + + +<h3>Little Miss Muffet</h3> +<div class="figright" style="width: 202px;"><a name="Fig_152" id="Fig_152"></a> +<img src="images/i095d.jpg" width="202" height="250" alt="Fig. 152—Little Miss Muffet." title="Fig. 152—Little Miss Muffet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 152—Little Miss Muffet.</span> +</div> + +<div class='unindent'>the largest of the dolls (<a href="#Fig_152">Fig. 152</a>), is twenty inches high. Her +head (<a href="#Fig_139">Fig. 139</a>) measures four inches from top to chin and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> +four inches across at its widest part. Her hands are made of +brown paper, like F (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>), and her high-heeled shoes, like +G (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>), are black. Her head is tilted to one side and +the thumbs of both hands turn in.</div> + + + + + + +<p>You can make Miss Muffet's dress any color you like, the +brighter and gayer the better. Cut the skirt and waist as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> +you did for Daffy-down-dilly, but do not point the sleeves. +Make an apron of two squares of white tissue-paper—a large +and a small one. Use the large square for the skirt of the +apron and the small square for the bib. Gather the top edge +of the large square and the bottom edge of the small square, +and paste to the dress at the belt line; then make a white +belt and tie in a bow at the back.</p> + +<p>For the hat, cut a circle of tissue-paper the color of the +dress, put a little paste in the centre, and pinch it down on the +top loop of Miss Muffet's hair, tipping it a little to one side. +This will give a crown. Turn up the brim at the back and +lift it in front to stand out straight. Fringe a small piece of +black paper for a feather and paste it to the crown of the hat.</p> + + + +<h3>Peter White</h3> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 201px;"><a name="Fig_153" id="Fig_153"></a> +<img src="images/i096a.jpg" width="201" height="250" alt="Fig. 153—Peter White." title="Fig. 153—Peter White." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 153—Peter White.</span> +</div> +<div class='unindent'>is sturdy compared with the other people (<a href="#Fig_153">Fig. 153</a>). He +came from the cherry tree and is ten inches high. The main +stem, to which the smaller twigs are attached, forms his neck,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> +body, and left leg, and is so large that both neck and ankle +had to be shaved off somewhat before his head and left shoe +could be pasted on. Originally the twig that forms his left +arm extended beyond the joint at the elbow, but it was cut +off, and the smaller twig was allowed to remain to give the +comical bend to the arm which adds greatly to the appearance +of the haste and the swinging arms of a pedestrian.</div> + +<p>Peter White's head is given in <a href="#Fig_142">Fig. 142</a>. His brown hands +are cut like H (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>), and his black shoes like I (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>).</p> + +<p>This doll is the only one whose head is in profile, but it +shows that when the shape of the twig suggests it, a profile +is very effective; and it is usually the easiest for children to +draw.</p> + + +<h3>Doctor Foster</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>is also ten inches high (<a href="#Fig_154">Fig. 154</a>). His head, with smiling +face, is given in <a href="#Fig_143">Fig. 143</a>. His +brown paper hands are cut +like J (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>), and his black +shoes like E (<a href="#Fig_144">Fig. 144</a>). He +wears his trousers quite short, +that they may not get wet in the +famous Gloster puddle, or if +they do they will dry quickly. +The trousers are made of +wrapping paper, double, of course, and pasted together at +the edges after they have been adjusted. They are cut like +<a href="#Fig_155">Fig. 155</a>.</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Dr. Foster and shorts"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 204px;"><a name="Fig_154" id="Fig_154"></a> +<img src="images/i096b.jpg" width="204" height="250" alt="Fig. 154—Doctor Foster." title="Fig. 154—Doctor Foster." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 154—Doctor Foster.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 202px;"><a name="Fig_155" id="Fig_155"></a> +<img src="images/i097.png" width="202" height="115" alt="Fig. 155—Doctor Foster's short trousers." title="Fig. 155—Doctor Foster's short trousers." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 155—Doctor Foster's short trousers.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XII</h2> + +<h3>VISITING-CARD HOUSES</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">From</span> old visiting cards you can build all the different +houses and furniture seen in the accompanying illustrations.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_156" id="Fig_156"></a> +<img src="images/i098.jpg" width="400" height="212" alt="Fig. 156—The little tropical house in Uncle Sam's newly acquired possessions. Made of old visiting cards." title="Fig. 156—The little tropical house in Uncle Sam's newly acquired possessions. Made of old visiting cards." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 156—The little tropical house in Uncle Sam's newly acquired possessions. Made of old visiting cards.</span> +</div> + +<p>For the little</p> + + +<h3>Tropical House</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>in Uncle Sam's newly acquired possessions (<a href="#Fig_156">Fig. 156</a>), select +eight of your largest and stiffest visiting cards; these are for +the four walls of the first or lower story of the house. If the +cards are not alike in size, make them so by trimming off the +edges of the larger cards.</div> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Tropical house building 1"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 228px;"><a name="Fig_157" id="Fig_157"></a> +<img src="images/i099a.png" width="228" height="150" alt="Fig. 157—Place two cards together and cut two slashes." title="Fig. 157—Place two cards together and cut two slashes." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 157—Place two cards together and cut two slashes.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 343px;"><a name="Fig_158" id="Fig_158"></a> +<img src="images/i099b.png" width="343" height="150" alt="Fig. 158—Slide the cards together this way." title="Fig. 158—Slide the cards together this way." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 158—Slide the cards together this way.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Place two of the cards together and cut two slashes, one on +each side of the centre, through one end of the double layer +(<a href="#Fig_157">Fig. 157</a>). Slide the two cut ends together, allowing the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> +centre divisions, A (<a href="#Fig_157">Fig. 157</a>), to lie, one over and one under +the two cards. This will bring under the side divisions B +and B (<a href="#Fig_157">Fig. 157</a>), on the card whose centre division A comes +on top, while the divisions B and B of the other card will +come over on the outside (<a href="#Fig_158">Fig. 158</a>). Fasten all of the +remaining cards together in pairs in the same manner; then +cut a long slit near the outer edge of each of the four pairs of +cards, C and C (<a href="#Fig_159">Fig. 159</a>). Slide the walls together at right +angles, and form a square by means of the long slits. Do this +by holding the open end of one long slit in one wall under, and +at right angles to the open end of one long slit in another wall, +and then fitting the two walls into each other so that they will +stand firm and form one corner of the lower story of the +house (<a href="#Fig_160">Fig. 160</a>).</p> + + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Tropical house building 2"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 336px;"><a name="Fig_159" id="Fig_159"></a> +<img src="images/i099c.png" width="336" height="150" alt="Fig. 159—Slide the two cards together this way to make the wall." title="Fig. 159—Slide the two cards together this way to make the wall." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 159—Slide the two cards together this way to make the wall.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 262px;"><a name="Fig_160" id="Fig_160"></a> +<img src="images/i099d.png" width="262" height="200" alt="Fig. 160—Slide the walls together at right angles by means of long slits." title="Fig. 160—Slide the walls together at right angles by means of long slits." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 160—Slide the walls together at right angles by means of long slits.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Strengthen the house with an extra inside wall. Cut long +slits in each end of the extra wall, then a long slit near the +centre of each side wall in which to fit the extra wall.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 321px;"><a name="Fig_161" id="Fig_161"></a> +<img src="images/i100.png" width="321" height="150" alt="Fig. 161—Cut short slits on the end of the ceiling cards." title="Fig. 161—Cut short slits on the end of the ceiling cards." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 161—Cut short slits on the end of the ceiling cards.</span> +</div><p>Make the ceiling of the lower story of two more pairs of +cards fastened together like <a href="#Fig_158">Fig. 158</a>, and on the ends of each +pair of cards cut similar divisions, only have them quite short +(<a href="#Fig_161">Fig. 161</a>). Bend down +all of the end divisions +and fit the strips over +across the top of the +first story from front to +back, bringing the two +corner divisions, D and +D (<a href="#Fig_161">Fig. 161</a>), on the outside +of the wall, while +you slide the centre part, E, on the inside (<a href="#Fig_162">Fig. 162</a>). Dotted +lines indicate the division E on the inside.</p> + + + +<p>The second story must be built entire before it can be fastened +on top of the first story.</p> + +<p>Make each of the four walls of the second story three cards +long. Cut divisions on both ends of the middle card to fit +in the end cards (<a href="#Fig_163">Fig. 163</a>).</p> + +<p>When cutting divisions, always fit together the two cards +that are to be joined, and cut through the double layer, which +will insure having the divisions alike.</p> + +<p>When the four walls are ready to be put together, cut a +window in the two end cards of the wall which you intend +for the front (<a href="#Fig_164">Fig. 164</a>). Only the lower edge and sides of the +window may be cut; the upper edge is merely bent and throws +the solid window shutter, formed of the piece cut, outward, +as shown in the photograph.</p> + +<p>Slide the four walls together and add a fifth wall, to run +through the centre from side to side, for strength. Use the +long slit method for joining the centre wall to the side walls.</p> + +<p>When built, turn the second story upside down and fit a +strip of three cards, bridge-like, over the centre from front to +back, and fasten it to the bottom of the walls as you attached +the ceiling of the first story; then fit on another strip in like<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> +manner over the centre from side to side, and fasten it to the +bottom of the side walls. The two strips will cross each +other at their centres, one lying at right angles over the other.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Ceilings and walls"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 240px;"><a name="Fig_162" id="Fig_162"></a> +<img src="images/i101a.png" width="240" height="150" alt="Fig. 162—Fasten ceiling on lower story by sliding the centre division inside, and the two side divisions outside, the wall." title="Fig. 162—Fasten ceiling on lower story by sliding the centre division inside, and the two side divisions outside, the wall." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 162—Fasten ceiling on lower story by sliding the centre division inside, and the two side divisions outside, the wall.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 233px;"><a name="Fig_163" id="Fig_163"></a> +<img src="images/i101b.png" width="233" height="150" alt="Fig. 163—Middle card for wall of second story." title="Fig. 163—Middle card for wall of second story." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 163—Middle card for wall of second story.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Carefully lift the second story and adjust it squarely and +evenly on top of the first story, as in the photograph (<a href="#Fig_156">Fig. 156</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_164" id="Fig_164"></a> +<img src="images/i101c.png" width="400" height="116" alt="Fig. 164—Walls for second story. Details of the visiting-card houses." title="Fig. 164—Walls for second story. Details of the visiting-card houses." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 164—Walls for second story. Details of the visiting-card houses.</span> +</div> + +<p>Make the projecting roof of the second story of four strips +of four cards each. Run the strips from side to side of the +house and lap them a trifle, one over the other. The roof +is merely laid on and is supported by the walls.</p> + +<p>The peak is made of two strips of two cards each, and slid +into a base of one strip of three cards by means of long +slits. At the apex the cards are also fastened together with +long slits.</p> + +<p>The little summer-house in <a href="#Fig_156">Fig. 156</a> has each of the four +sides made of one card. The cards are fastened together<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> +by means of long slits. A doorway opening is cut in the front +wall, much in the same manner as the windows are cut in the +large house, only in this case the incision is made directly on +the lower edge of the card, and, when finished, the lower half<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> +of the door is cut off. The door is bent outward and forms a +little canopy for the open doorway, as in the photograph.</p> + +<p>Make the roof of two strips of cards of two cards each by +merely laying the strips across the top opening of the house.</p> + +<p>Fasten the ends of the two cards together with long slits +to form the apex of the peak, and bend the bottom ends of the +cards out flat, so the peak will stand steady on the roof.</p> + +<p>If the children would like to keep the buildings intact to +play with at any future time, as they build up the structures +let them add a little glue or strong paste here and there to hold +the various parts firmly together. The toys will then last +a long time and stand considerable wear.</p> + +<p>Tissue-paper trees in spools furnish the foliage in the +photograph, while a miniature flag, with its pole supported +in an empty spool, shows the nation to which the country +belongs.</p> + +<p>Cut little paper people from cardboard and place them on +the grounds.</p> + +<p>A fine setting for the scene can be made by tacking a piece +of green canton flannel, fleecy side uppermost, taut over a +pastry board, or pinning it on a piece of the light-weight +patent straw pasteboard.</p> + +<p>The fleecy green gives the appearance of grass, and when +the glistening white buildings are set down on the grass +among the trees with Old Glory floating overhead, and gaily +dressed dolls in the foreground, the children will be delighted +with the scene; nor will the appreciation be confined to the +children, for older people will also enjoy it.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 259px;"><a name="Fig_165" id="Fig_165"></a> +<img src="images/i102.jpg" width="259" height="400" alt="Fig. 165—Pagoda." title="Fig. 165—Pagoda." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 165—Pagoda.</span> +</div> + + +<h3>The Pagoda</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>in <a href="#Fig_165">Fig. 165</a> is extremely easy to build. Make the base square +of four cards fastened together with long slits. On this +foundation build up one card on the front and one on the +back, by cutting two short slits on the lower edge of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span> +lengthwise bottom of the cards, one slit near each end +(<a href="#Fig_166">Fig. 166</a>), and sliding one card across the front on the uncut +top edges of the sides of the foundation by means of the slits; +then fastening the other card across +the back from side to side in like +manner. On top of these two cards +build two more, reaching across the +sides from front to back. Continue +building in this way until the pagoda +is ten stories high. The projections +along the sides are made of two long +narrow cards each, the two cards fastened together at the +centre like <a href="#Fig_158">Fig. 158</a>; then the ends are bent up and the strip +laid across from side to side on the top edge of the two side +cards which form every other story. The apex roof is built +of two cards with the top edges fastened together, tent-like, +by means of long slits, on a foundation strip of two cards +bent up at the ends.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 223px;"><a name="Fig_166" id="Fig_166"></a> +<img src="images/i104.png" width="223" height="150" alt="Fig. 166—Cut one slit near each end." title="Fig. 166—Cut one slit near each end." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 166—Cut one slit near each end.</span> +</div> + + +<h3>The Furniture</h3> +<div class="figright" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_167" id="Fig_167"></a> +<img src="images/i105.jpg" width="400" height="211" alt="Fig. 167—Card furniture." title="Fig. 167—Card furniture." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 167—Card furniture.</span> +</div> +<div class='unindent'>in <a href="#Fig_167">Fig. 167</a> is also made of visiting cards. Take two long, +narrow cards, place them together, and about one-third the +distance from one end of the double layer cut a slit through +the two cards, extending it a little more than half-way across +the cards; then take the cards apart and slide them into each +other. Be sure that the two short ends of the cards come +together. Open out the two short ends tent-fashion, and +bend down one of the long ends across its centre for the seat, +leaving the other long end erect to form the back of the chair +for the paper doll (<a href="#Fig_167">Fig. 167</a>). Make several chairs; then +make the dressing-table. Place two long cards evenly together +and cut a slash through and more than half-way +across the centre of the two cards. Slide the cards together, +making an X. Bend out the top and bottom ends of the X<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span> +flat. For the top of the table select a rather large card, but +not too wide. Cut one slash on each side of the centre of one +of the lengthwise edges. This will make three divisions. +Cut corresponding slashes, but much deeper, in one of the +short ends of a smaller card, which is to be the mirror. Trim +off the end of the middle division in the table top and slide +the two cards together, bringing the B and B divisions (<a href="#Fig_157">Fig. 157</a>) of the mirror well forward, so that the top of the table +extends back beyond the mirror; then bend up the B and B +divisions of the mirror, as in the photograph. Place the top +with the mirror attached on the X, allowing the X to come +back directly under the mirror in order that the top may be +steady. If you paste a piece of silver paper or tinfoil well +smoothed out on the card for the mirror, the dressing-table +will, from a little distance, appear quite realistic.</div> + + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XIII</h2> + +<h3>PLAYING INDIANS WITH COSTUMES MADE OF NEWSPAPERS</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">The</span> best framework for a newspaper wigwam can be made +of long-handled feather dusters, but long-handled brushes, or +poles of any kind you may happen to have, will answer the purpose; +all that is necessary +is something +you can make into a +framework similar to +<a href="#Fig_168">Fig. 168</a>. Tie your +poles together at the +top and spread them +out at the base, tent-fashion.</p> + +<p>Make the</p> + + +<h3>Covering for the Wigwam</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>of six large double +sheets of newspaper +pasted together.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 331px;"><a name="Fig_168" id="Fig_168"></a> +<img src="images/i106.png" width="331" height="350" alt="Fig. 168—Framework for wigwam." title="Fig. 168—Framework for wigwam." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 168—Framework for wigwam.</span> +</div> + +<p>Only three poles will be needed when the covering is of +newspaper, but if you do not happen to have enough newspapers +on hand for the entire outfit of tepees and costumes, +you can use a white muslin sheet for the wigwam, in which +case four poles will be needed (<a href="#Fig_169">Fig. 169</a>). The sheet, not +being stiff like the paper, requires more supports to make it +stand out sufficiently. Should it be inclined to fall in between<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> +the poles, pull it out a little and lay a book over the edge +which lies on the floor, as a weight, to keep the sheet in place.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 391px;"><a name="Fig_169" id="Fig_169"></a> +<img src="images/i107.jpg" width="391" height="400" alt="Fig. 169—Look at our newspaper Indian costumes. We are playing Indians." title="Fig. 169—Look at our newspaper Indian costumes. We are playing Indians." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 169—Look at our newspaper Indian costumes. We are playing Indians.</span> +</div> + +<p>If you would like the wigwam decorated in real Indian +fashion, cut out large colored paper pictures and paste them +around the lower part of the wigwam, forming a band of +pictures. Be the covering either cloth or paper, it will look +well decorated, but the covering must be taken off and the +pictures pasted on. The covering should then be adjusted +over the poles. One great beauty and attraction of this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span> +newspaper Indian material is that effective results can be +produced quickly and with little work.</p> + +<p>Make</p> + + +<h3>Moccasins</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>of newspaper, cut like the pattern (<a href="#Fig_170">Fig. 170</a>). For a small +pair the paper should measure fifteen inches in length and +three and a half inches in width; larger sizes require larger +paper.</div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_170" id="Fig_170"></a> +<img src="images/i108.png" width="300" height="76" alt="Fig. 170—Cut moccasins this way." title="Fig. 170—Cut moccasins this way." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 170—Cut moccasins this way.</span> +</div> + +<p>Fringe the central portion of the longest edge according to +the fringe lines on <a href="#Fig_170">Fig. 170</a>. Cut the two boundary lines of +fringe, A and A, up to the dotted line; then bend down all +dotted lines. Bring the two ends together, allowing the fringe +to come on the outside, and fit the point B over the other point +B. This finishes the newspaper moccasin (<a href="#Fig_171">Fig. 171</a>).</p> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"><a name="Fig_171" id="Fig_171"></a> +<img src="images/i108b.png" width="200" height="83" alt="Fig. 171—The newspaper moccasin." title="Fig. 171—The newspaper moccasin." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 171—The newspaper moccasin.</span> +</div> + +<p>Make</p> + + +<h3>The Little Dress Skirt</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>of two newspapers pasted together along the shortest edge, +then folded lengthwise through the centre, and the two lower +loose ends cut into a deep fringe. This skirt needs no belt; +it should be simply fastened together at the back over the +ordinary dress with safety-pins.</div> + +<p>Use one sheet of paper for the little fringed sacque. Allow +the paper to remain folded along the white central band, and +fold the double layers crosswise through the centre, making +four thicknesses. Cut an opening for the head according to +dotted line C (<a href="#Fig_172">Fig. 172</a>). Fringe the sides along dotted line +D, as shown in diagram (<a href="#Fig_172">Fig. 172</a>).<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span></p> + +<p>Unfold carefully, that the paper may not tear, and after +cutting a slit from the neck partially down the centre of the +front, you will have <a href="#Fig_173">Fig. 173</a>. If you wish to make the garment +less liable to tear, paste narrow strips of muslin on the under +side of the sacque, around the neck, down each side of the +slit, and at the head of the fringe.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Indian Dress"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 177px;"><a name="Fig_172" id="Fig_172"></a> +<img src="images/i109a.png" width="177" height="250" alt="Fig. 172—Newspaper folded ready for making little squaw's sacque." title="Fig. 172—Newspaper folded ready for making little squaw's sacque." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 172—Newspaper folded ready for making little squaw's sacque.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 281px;"><a name="Fig_173" id="Fig_173"></a> +<img src="images/i109b.png" width="281" height="260" alt="Fig. 173—Little squaw's newspaper sacque." title="Fig. 173—Little squaw's newspaper sacque." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 173—Little squaw's newspaper sacque.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>From a folded piece of newspaper cut the little squaw a head-dress +(<a href="#Fig_174">Fig. 174</a>). Let the top of the feather come on the fold +of the paper. Turn +over and crease down +the straight edge of +the band at the +dotted line (<a href="#Fig_174">Fig. 174</a>), +making four layers.</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_174" id="Fig_174"></a> +<img src="images/i109c.png" width="300" height="97" alt="Fig. 174—Head-dress." title="Fig. 174—Head-dress." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 174—Head-dress.</span> +</div> + +<p>Crown the little +girl with the head-dress, pinning the ends together at the back +with a safety-pin. Slip the moccasins on her feet, fastening +them to the toe of the shoe with a little stiff paste, and your<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> +charming little squaw will be ready to play in the wigwam +(<a href="#Fig_175">Fig. 175</a>).</p> + +<p>Older girls can make the Indian costume from the same +patterns by cutting them larger.</p> + +<p>The Indian boy needs a lot of fringed newspaper for his +costume. Cut folded strips to make the fringe thick and in +two layers. Fold down the solid edge of one strip and +with safety-pins fasten the fold along the outside line of the +boy's trousers and stockings, as in the photograph (<a href="#Fig_176">Fig. 176</a>). Trim the other trouser leg and stocking in the same +manner.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Children in Indian Costumes"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 276px;"><a name="Fig_175" id="Fig_175"></a> +<img src="images/i110a.jpg" width="276" height="400" alt="Fig. 175—Charming little squaw." title="Fig. 175—Charming little squaw." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 175—Charming little squaw.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 278px;"><a name="Fig_176" id="Fig_176"></a> +<img src="images/i110b.jpg" width="278" height="400" alt="Fig. 176—Young Indian chief." title="Fig. 176—Young Indian chief." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 176—Young Indian chief.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Cut a generous strip of double-layer fringe to fasten entirely +around the boy's shoulders, extending across both back and +chest. Reinforce the top edge of the band of fringe, and +along the line where the solid paper meets the fringe, with +strips of muslin, pasted on, to prevent tearing.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span></p> + + +<p>For the chief's</p> + + +<h3>Feather Head-Dress</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>cut a folded strip of newspaper long enough to encircle the +boy's head and allow for a lap—twenty-two inches will +probably be correct. Make the strip six inches wide; the +tops of the feathers must be along the folded edge. Let the +feathers be fully four inches high, and allow a space of one +inch on the band at the base of each feather, F (<a href="#Fig_177">Fig. 177</a>). +The widest part of each feather should be one and three-quarters +inches. Make the band four thicknesses by folding +it over at the dotted line; then crease each separate feather on +the right side lengthwise, through the centre, to stiffen them +and insure their standing erect. Cut another long strip of +feathers in the same way, to fall from the head down the back. +On this strip paste the front and back of each feather together +at its base. Also paste together lengthwise the upper portion +of the band, and, instead of folding as you did the first band, +separate and open out its two lower lengthwise halves. +Crease them backward away from each other, so that the +feathers may stand erect and the band be at right angles on +each side of the feathers (<a href="#Fig_178">Fig. 178</a>).</div> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Headdress"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 259px;"><a name="Fig_177" id="Fig_177"></a> +<img src="images/i111a.png" width="259" height="200" alt="Fig. 177—Newspaper cut for chief's head-dress." title="Fig. 177—Newspaper cut for chief's head-dress." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 177—Newspaper cut for chief's head-dress.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 372px;"><a name="Fig_178" id="Fig_178"></a> +<img src="images/i111b.png" width="372" height="225" alt="Fig. 178—Separate and open out the lower lengthwise halves of the head-dress which falls down the back." title="Fig. 178—Separate and open out the lower lengthwise halves of the head-dress which falls down the back." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 178—Separate and open out the lower lengthwise halves of the head-dress which falls down the back.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>The open base of the band lying against the boy's back +causes the feathers to stand out and not fall flat and spoil the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> +effect, as they otherwise might do. The photograph of the +boy chieftain standing was taken expressly that you might see +exactly how the newspaper costume of the Indian brave +should look.</p> + + + +<p>Make the</p> + + +<h3>Calumet</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>of a strip of newspaper five inches wide and about thirty-two +inches long. Hold one corner between your thumb and first +finger and roll the paper as if you were making a lighter +(<a href="#Fig_179">Fig. 179</a>). When you have rolled it to the opposite corner, +E, remove your fingers and let the paper unroll. Smooth out +the rolled corners until it springs back into a large roll about +three-quarters of an inch in diameter (<a href="#Fig_180">Fig. 180</a>).</div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Calumet 1"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 214px;"><a name="Fig_179" id="Fig_179"></a> +<img src="images/i112a.png" width="214" height="300" alt="Fig. 179—Begin rolling paper strip for calumet this way." title="Fig. 179—Begin rolling paper strip for calumet this way." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 179—Begin rolling paper strip for calumet this way.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 283px;"><a name="Fig_180" id="Fig_180"></a> +<img src="images/i112b.png" width="283" height="300" alt="Fig. 180—Continue rolling the paper." title="Fig. 180—Continue rolling the paper." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 180—Continue rolling the paper.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>When the corner roll is the right size, continue to roll the +paper until a long round stick is formed (<a href="#Fig_181">Fig. 181</a>). Paste +the loose end of the stick on the roll and cut both ends off +even, as indicated by the dotted lines in <a href="#Fig_181">Fig. 181</a>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_181" id="Fig_181"></a> +<img src="images/i113a.png" width="400" height="21" alt="Fig. 181—Stick of rolled paper for calumet." title="Fig. 181—Stick of rolled paper for calumet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 181—Stick of rolled paper for calumet.</span> +</div> + +<p>Bend the paper roll about six and a half inches from one +end, and bring the bent portion over against and on top of +the roll. Pin the fold down on the roll three inches from the +bend; then turn up the open end to form the bowl of the +pipe, which you must make stand erect should it seem inclined +to lean (<a href="#Fig_182">Fig. 182</a>).</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 340px;"><a name="Fig_182" id="Fig_182"></a> +<img src="images/i113b.png" width="340" height="75" alt="Fig. 182—Paper roll bent and pinned into a calumet." title="ig. 182—Paper roll bent and pinned into a calumet." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 182—Paper roll bent and pinned into a calumet.</span> +</div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XIV</h2> + +<h3>CHRISTMAS-TREE DECORATIONS</h3> + + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Christmas Tree and Star"> +<tr><td align='left'><br /><div class="figcenter" style="width: 258px;"><a name="Fig_183" id="Fig_183"></a> +<img src="images/i114.jpg" width="258" height="400" alt="Fig. 183—The Christmas tree with home-made decorations." title="Fig. 183—The Christmas tree with home-made decorations." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 183—The Christmas tree with home-made decorations.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 265px;"><a name="Fig_184" id="Fig_184"></a> +<img src="images/i114b.jpg" width="265" height="400" alt="Fig. 184—The Christmas star." title="Fig. 184—The Christmas star." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 184—The Christmas star.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p><span class="smcap"><a href="#Fig_183">Fig. 183</a></span> is the photograph of a Christmas tree whose +trimming is entirely home-made. The brilliant colors and +shining gilt of the papers used, give a sparkle and life that are +most captivating, and the ornaments are so easily made that +the children themselves can do much toward decorating a +tree in this manner.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span></p> + +<p>At the top of the tree, shining above all other ornaments, is</p> + + +<h3>The Christmas Star</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_184">Fig. 184</a>), and this is the way to make it:</div> + +<p>From a piece of cardboard cut an oblong with the top and +bottom edges five and a quarter inches long and the side +edges just five inches long (<a href="#Fig_185">Fig. 185</a>). Now, exactly in the +middle at the top edge, make a dot, A (<a href="#Fig_185">Fig. 185</a>); then on +each side edge make a dot, BB (<a href="#Fig_185">Fig. 185</a>). On the bottom +edge, one inch from each +bottom corner, make the +dots CC. With the aid of a +ruler draw the lines connecting +these points, as +shown in <a href="#Fig_185">Fig. 185</a>. This +gives a perfect five-pointed +star, five inches high. Cut +the star out, cover its entire +surface with a coat of +paste, and lay over it a +smooth piece of gilt paper, +pressing out the fulness +and creases. When the +paste is dry, cut away the paper from the edges, and there +will remain a gilt star, firm and stiff enough to stand up +bravely.</p> + +<div class="figleft" style="width: 254px;"><a name="Fig_185" id="Fig_185"></a> +<img src="images/i115.png" width="254" height="250" alt="Fig. 185—Draw the star like this." title="Fig. 185—Draw the star like this." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 185—Draw the star like this.</span> +</div> + +<p>But this is not all. There are to be a number of gold-tipped +rays flaming out from the star to represent its spreading +light. For these rays select ten broom straws with two +prongs. Trim the prongs evenly, shorten the stems at the +bottom, and spread the prongs apart (<a href="#Fig_186">Fig. 186</a>). Now, cut +twenty strips of gold paper half an inch wide and a little +over four inches long. Lay one strip down, cover the wrong +side with paste, place three broom straws with their prongs +resting on the paste side of the paper, and press another<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span> +strip of gold paper over the first, inclosing the tips of the +straws. This will give a gold paper on both sides of the +straws. Then, when the paste is dry, cut away the paper, +leaving a gold triangle on the tip of each prong of each +broom straw. <a href="#Fig_187">Fig. 187</a> shows one triangle cut out. Treat +all of your broom-straw rays in this way, then cover with +paste the centre of the wrong side of the star up to the points, +lay two straws in place, the +stems crossing, as in <a href="#Fig_188">Fig. 188</a>, +and over the stems press a +short strip of white paper, like +D (<a href="#Fig_188">Fig. 188</a>), pasting it down +securely. Adjust the other +rays between the points of the +star, and fasten in place in the +same manner.</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Broom straws"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 331px;"><a name="Fig_186" id="Fig_186"></a> +<img src="images/i116a.png" width="331" height="250" alt="Fig. 186—Place three broom straws on the paper." title="Fig. 186—Place three broom straws on the paper." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 186—Place three broom straws on the paper.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 341px;"><a name="Fig_187" id="Fig_187"></a> +<img src="images/i116b.png" width="341" height="250" alt="Fig. 187—One triangle cut out." title="Fig. 187—One triangle cut out." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 187—One triangle cut out.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 271px;"><a name="Fig_188" id="Fig_188"></a> +<img src="images/i116c.png" width="271" height="300" alt="Fig. 188—Paste the straws on the star." title="Fig. 188—Paste the straws on the star." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 188—Paste the straws on the star.</span> +</div> + +<p>To hold the star upright, +make a lighter from a strip of +white writing-paper for a stem. +Flatten the top of the lighter, +cut it off evenly, and paste it +on the back of the star between the two lower points, as in +<a href="#Fig_188">Fig. 188</a>. Over the stems of the broom straws and the end of +the lighter paste a white paper lining that will reach part +way up each point of the star. This lining should be made<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> +before the rays are pasted to the star, by laying the star on +white paper, tracing around its edges with a pencil, cutting +out the white paper star, and then clipping off about one inch +of the points. The gold star will look like <a href="#Fig_184">Fig. 184</a>.</p> + + +<p>Not the least effective trimmings on the tree are the little</p> + + +<h3>Christmas Bells</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>that hang by strings from the tips of the branches and dangle +alluringly. They are of different sizes, and some are made +of gilt, others of colored paper (<a href="#Fig_189">Fig. 189</a>).<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span></div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 303px;"><a name="Fig_189" id="Fig_189"></a> +<img src="images/i117.jpg" width="303" height="400" alt="Fig. 189—The Christmas bells that dangle alluringly." title="Fig. 189—The Christmas bells that dangle alluringly." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 189—The Christmas bells that dangle alluringly.</span> +</div> + + +<p>For a bell three and a half inches high (a very good size), +cut a strip of paper three and a half inches wide and seven +inches long, curve it into the cone shape shown in <a href="#Fig_190">Fig. 190</a>, +and pin together. Cut off the point that laps over, according +to the dotted line, also the point that laps under, leaving a +little over half an inch for the final lap. Trim off the bottom +points even with the shortest part of the bottom edge, as +shown by the curved, dotted line, and you will have <a href="#Fig_191">Fig. 191</a>. +<a href="#Fig_191">Fig. 191</a> opened out will give you <a href="#Fig_192">Fig. 192</a>, which will be the +pattern for other bells.</p> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Bell construction"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 162px;"><a name="Fig_190" id="Fig_190"></a> +<img src="images/i118a.jpg" width="162" height="250" alt="Fig. 190—Curve the paper into a cone." title="Fig. 190—Curve the paper into a cone." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 190—Curve the paper into a cone.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 153px;"><a name="Fig_191" id="Fig_191"></a> +<img src="images/i118b.jpg" width="153" height="235" alt="Fig. 191—Trim off the bottom points." title="Fig. 191—Trim off the bottom points." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 191—Trim off the bottom points.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 404px;"><a name="Fig_192" id="Fig_192"></a> +<img src="images/i118c.jpg" width="404" height="235" alt="Fig. 192—The pattern of the bells." title="Fig. 192—The pattern of the bells." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 192—The pattern of the bells.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<div class="figright" style="width: 225px;"><a name="Fig_193" id="Fig_193"></a> +<img src="images/i119a.png" width="225" height="200" alt="Fig. 193—Cut out two disks at one time." title="Fig. 193—Cut out two disks at one time." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 193—Cut out two disks at one time.</span> +</div> + +<p>As <a href="#Fig_192">Fig. 192</a> lies flat on the table, run the paste brush along +one side edge, making the coat of paste as wide as the lap is +to be, then curve the bell into shape. Make the bottom +edges meet evenly and press the paste-covered edge over the +other side edge. Hold the finger inside the bell while you do +this, to keep it from flattening.</p> + + + +<p>The clapper is made of two round disks of gold paper with +the string pasted between them. For the bell we are now +making, the clapper should be almost one inch in diameter. +Fold a piece of gilt paper and cut out the two disks at one +time (<a href="#Fig_193">Fig. 193</a>). Cover the wrong side of one disk with +paste, lay the end of a string across the middle (<a href="#Fig_194">Fig. 194</a>), +and press the other disk on top. Both sides of the clapper +will then be gilt. Hold the clapper up to the bell by the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> +string, so that half of the clapper is below the bottom edge of +the bell; then, bringing the string close to the point at the top +of the bell, run a pin through the string to mark the distance. +Where the pin is, tie a knot, F (<a href="#Fig_194">Fig. 194</a>); this is to hold the +clapper in its proper position. Thread the end of the string +through the eye of a darning-needle and push the needle up +through the point of the bell—the knot will keep the string +from running up too far (<a href="#Fig_195">Fig. 195</a>). Allow eight or ten inches +of string above the bell, so that it may be hung high or low, as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span> +desired. A bell should never be tied close to a branch, but +should hang down far enough to sway with every passing +current of air. The long string also adds to the decorative +effect.</p> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Bell clapper"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 232px;"><a name="Fig_194" id="Fig_194"></a> +<img src="images/i119b.png" width="232" height="380" alt="Fig. 194—Paste the strings between the two disks." title="Fig. 194—Paste the strings between the two disks." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 194—Paste the strings between the two disks.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 215px;"><a name="Fig_195" id="Fig_195"></a> +<img src="images/i119c.jpg" width="215" height="400" alt="Fig. 195—The clapper in the bell." title="Fig. 195—The clapper in the bell." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 195—The clapper in the bell.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + + +<h3>The Snow Pocket</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_196">Fig. 196</a>) is another pretty ornament and is made with a few +snips of the scissors.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span></div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 293px;"><a name="Fig_196" id="Fig_196"></a> +<img src="images/i120.jpg" width="293" height="400" alt="Fig. 196—The frosty snow pocket." title="Fig. 196—The frosty snow pocket." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 196—The frosty snow pocket.</span> +</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Cut strips"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_197" id="Fig_197"></a> +<img src="images/i121a.png" width="300" height="72" alt="Fig. 197—Fold the paper crosswise." title="Fig. 197—Fold the paper crosswise." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 197—Fold the paper crosswise.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"><a name="Fig_198" id="Fig_198"></a> +<img src="images/i121b.png" width="300" height="70" alt="Fig. 198—Cut slits in the folded paper." title="Fig. 198—Cut slits in the folded paper." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 198—Cut slits in the folded paper.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Cut a strip of white tissue-paper five and a half inches +wide and twenty-two inches long. Fold the paper crosswise +through the middle; then fold it again and again until your +folded piece is one inch wide. The folds must always be +across the paper from start to finish (<a href="#Fig_197">Fig. 197</a>). Now, cut +slits in the folded paper, first a slit on one side, and then a slit +on the other, as in <a href="#Fig_198">Fig. 198</a>. Let the spaces between the +slits be one-eighth of an inch wide, and cut each slit to within +one-eighth of an inch of the edge. When this is done, carefully +unfold the paper and spread it out flat, then lift the top +edge with one hand, the bottom edge with the other, and +gently pull the meshes apart. Gather the top edge into little +plaits, and twist them together in a point; gather the bottom +edge in the same way and twist that; then carefully pull the +snow pocket out, and you will have a long, narrow bag of +soft, white meshes. If it flares out too much, crush it together +softly with your hand. Make a small gilt paper star +and fasten a narrow strip of white tissue-paper to its top point. +Open the bag, slip the star inside, and suspend it half-way +from the top by pasting the end of the paper strip to the top +of the bag. Make a loop of tissue-paper, fasten it to the top +point of the bag, and then hang the snow pocket on the tree. +The gold star gleaming through the frosty meshes is very +pretty, but if you have several snow pockets, there need not +be stars in all.</p> + + +<h3>Jocko, the Monkey</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>(<a href="#Fig_199">Fig. 199</a>) is not made of paper, but of delectable, sugary +raisins. He is a funny fellow, and will delight the children.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span></div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 336px;"><a name="Fig_199" id="Fig_199"></a> +<img src="images/i122.jpg" width="336" height="400" alt="Fig. 199—Jocko." title="Fig. 199—Jocko." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 199—Jocko.</span> +</div> + +<p>Thread a clean, cotton string in a large darning-needle, +then select three of your largest raisins for the body and a +suitably shaped one for the head. There must be three raisins +for each leg, one for each foot, and three for each arm. +Tie a knot in the end of your string and, beginning with one +foot, string on three raisins for one leg, then the three for +the body, and, lastly, the one for the head. Tie a knot close +to the top at the head and leave a long end to the string. +Thread your needle again and string on the raisins for the +other foot and leg, then run the needle up through the lower<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> +raisin of the body, and fasten the second string to the first +between the two body raisins.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 260px;"><a name="Fig_200" id="Fig_200"></a> +<img src="images/i123a.png" width="260" height="350" alt="Fig. 200—Jocko ready to be dressed." title="Fig. 200—Jocko ready to be dressed." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 200—Jocko ready to be dressed.</span> +</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Jocko's Clothes"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 60px;"><a name="Fig_201" id="Fig_201"></a> +<img src="images/i123b.png" width="60" height="60" alt="Fig. 201—Jocko's hat." title="Fig. 201—Jocko's hat." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 201—Jocko's hat.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 179px;"><a name="Fig_202" id="Fig_202"></a> +<img src="images/i123c.png" width="179" height="100" alt="Fig. 202—Jocko's coat." title="Fig. 202—Jocko's coat." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 202—Jocko's coat.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 151px;"><a name="Fig_203" id="Fig_203"></a> +<img src="images/i123d.png" width="151" height="150" alt="Fig. 203—Jocko's skirt." title="Fig. 203—Jocko's skirt." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 203—Jocko's skirt.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>String three raisins for one arm, run the needle through +the middle of the top body raisin, where the shoulders should +be, then string on the three raisins for the other arm and tie +a knot at the end. Jocko is all right now, except that he is +very limp. Put stiffening into his joints by running broom +straws through his legs, body, and arms. Use a raisin stem +for the tail, and fasten it on by pushing the largest end into +the lowest body raisin. Make the eyes by running a short +piece of broom straw through the head, allowing the ends +to stand out a short distance in the place for the eyes. Remember +a monkey's eyes are always close together, and they +must be made so in order to look natural.</p> + +<p>At this stage Jocko will resemble <a href="#Fig_200">Fig. 200</a>; but he must have +clothes and a hat to give the finishing touches and make him +look like the monkeys the children are familiar with. <a href="#Fig_201">Fig. 201</a> +is Jocko's hat, <a href="#Fig_202">Fig. 202</a> his coat, and <a href="#Fig_203">Fig. 203</a> his little skirt.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span></p> + +<p>Cut all of these from bright-colored cambric of a size to fit +the monkey. Fold a piece of cambric for the coat, and cut it +out as you would for a paper doll, with the fold at the top. +The skirt and hat are circular. Cut a round hole in the +middle of the skirt for the waist, and slit it down the back. +This furnishes the costume.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Dressing Jocko"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 139px;"><a name="Fig_204" id="Fig_204"></a> +<img src="images/i124a.png" width="139" height="125" alt="Fig. 204—Bring the corners of the square together." title="Fig. 204—Bring the corners of the square together." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 204—Bring the corners of the square together.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 108px;"><a name="Fig_205" id="Fig_205"></a> +<img src="images/i124b.png" width="108" height="125" alt="Fig. 205—Slit the triangle." title="Fig. 205—Slit the triangle." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 205—Slit the triangle.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 246px;"><a name="Fig_206" id="Fig_206"></a> +<img src="images/i124c.png" width="246" height="250" alt="Fig. 206—Opened out." title="Fig. 206—Opened out." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 206—Opened out.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Now, thread the end of the string from the top of Jocko's +head into the darning-needle and run the needle through the +middle of the hat (<a href="#Fig_200">Fig. 200</a>); then push the hat down on his +head. Fit the skirt around Jocko's waist, and fasten it at +the back with needle and thread; then put on his jacket and +fasten that in front. It is unnecessary to say that Jocko is +good to eat.</p> + + +<h3>The Chrysanthemum</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>ornament is showy and pretty; it is also very quickly made. +Fold through the middle a piece of bright orange tissue-paper +six inches square. This will give you an oblong. +Fold again through the middle crosswise, and you will have +a smaller square. Bring the two opposite corners of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> +square together and fold like <a href="#Fig_204">Fig. 204</a>; then cut off the point +curving the edge, as shown by the dotted line. The folded +part of the triangle is at the diagonal in <a href="#Fig_204">Fig. 204</a>, the edges +at the bottom. Now cut slits in your triangle like <a href="#Fig_205">Fig. 205</a>. +Open it, and you will have <a href="#Fig_206">Fig. 206</a>. Make two fringed +circles like <a href="#Fig_206">Fig. 206</a>, lay one on top of the other, pinch the +centre in a point, twist it, and draw the fringed ends together +(<a href="#Fig_207">Fig. 207</a>). Make a writing-paper lighter for the stem, cover +the point of the ornament with paste, insert it in the large +end of the lighter, and press together with your fingers until +it holds tight. The result will be like <a href="#Fig_208">Fig. 208</a>. In fastening<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span> +the chrysanthemum ornament on the tree, stand it upright +and run a pin through the stem into one of the small +branches.</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Chrysanthemum"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"><a name="Fig_207" id="Fig_207"></a> +<img src="images/i125a.png" width="200" height="183" alt="Fig. 207—Pinch the centre into a point." title="Fig. 207—Pinch the centre into a point." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 207—Pinch the centre into a point.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 236px;"><a name="Fig_208" id="Fig_208"></a> +<img src="images/i125b.png" width="236" height="400" alt="Fig. 208—The chrysanthemum ornament" title="Fig. 208—The chrysanthemum ornament" /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 208—The chrysanthemum ornament</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Strings of</p> + + +<h3>Colored Paper Disks</h3> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 295px;"><a name="Fig_209" id="Fig_209"></a> +<img src="images/i126.png" width="295" height="400" alt="Fig. 209—The colored paper disks." title="Fig. 209—The colored paper disks." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 209—The colored paper disks.</span> +</div> + +<div class='unindent'>looped from branch to branch, take the place of colored glass +balls, and add materially to the beauty of the tree.</div> + +<p><a href="#Fig_209">Fig. 209</a> shows how these strings are made. Red, gold, +yellow, orange, green, blue, and white make pretty disks, and +show off well on the tree.</p> + + +<p>Cut your disks perfectly round, and in pairs; for they must +be the same on both sides, G, H (<a href="#Fig_209">Fig. 209</a>). You can make +the disks on some strings +all of one size; on others +they may graduate down +to quite small ones at the +ends. When the disks are +cut out, lay one down, +bottom side up, H (<a href="#Fig_209">Fig. 209</a>). Cover this with +paste, then lay a white +cotton string across the +disk, directly through the +middle. Allow about six +inches of the string to extend +beyond the disk, and +let each string be one yard +long. Before the paste +has time to dry, press the +mate of the disk, G (<a href="#Fig_209">Fig. 209</a>), on top of H, over +the string, taking care to have the edges even. Go through +this process with each disk. Paste them on the string one +inch apart, and leave six inches of string at the last end.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span></p> + + +<p><a href="#Fig_210">Fig. 210</a> is a dainty</p> + + +<h3>Fringed Ornament</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>made of colored and gilt paper. The foundation is a round +disk of white writing-paper, two inches in diameter. To this +is pasted the ends of a narrow light-blue ribbon, long enough +to form a loop by which to hang the ornament. For the rest, +cut two circles of light-pink tissue-paper, six inches in diameter, +fringe them on the edges to the depth of one inch, +making the fringe quite fine; then paste one circle on one +side of the foundation, the other circle on the other side. +Now, from your gold paper cut six long, narrow triangles, +and cut the wide end into fringe two inches deep (<a href="#Fig_211">Fig. 211</a>).<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> +Paste these tufts of gold fringe at equal distances on the +pink circle, making the points meet at the centre. Make a +smaller, light-blue, fringed circle, and a still smaller pink +circle. Paste the centre of the blue circle over the centre +of the gold fringe, and the centre of the small pink circle +over the centre of the blue. Cut out a small, eight-pointed +gold star and paste directly in the middle of the pink circle. +You can vary this kind of ornament in a number of ways. +<a href="#Fig_212">Fig. 212</a> shows another made on the same principle.</div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Fringed ornament"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 281px;"><a name="Fig_210" id="Fig_210"></a> +<img src="images/i127a.png" width="281" height="400" alt="Fig. 210—A fringed ornament." title="Fig. 210—A fringed ornament." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 210—A fringed ornament.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 61px;"><a name="Fig_211" id="Fig_211"></a> +<img src="images/i127b.png" width="61" height="175" alt="Fig. 211—Six triangles like this." title="Fig. 211—Six triangles like this." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 211—Six triangles like this.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 319px;"><a name="Fig_212" id="Fig_212"></a> +<img src="images/i128.jpg" width="319" height="400" alt="Fig. 212—Another ornament." title="Fig. 212—Another ornament." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 212—Another ornament.</span> +</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span></p> + +<p>The crowning glory of every Christmas tree is its</p> + + +<h3>Candles</h3> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_213" id="Fig_213"></a> +<img src="images/i129.jpg" width="400" height="278" alt="Fig. 213—Little paper candles." title="Fig. 213—Little paper candles." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 213—Little paper candles.</span> +</div> + +<div class='unindent'>and, whether lighted or not, they are always prominently in +evidence. Of late years the people have grown wise in the +matter of fires, and many parents refuse to light the Christmas +candles on their children's tree because of the great danger of +conflagration.</div> + + +<p><a href="#Fig_213">Fig. 213</a> shows some paper candles on an evergreen branch, +standing upright and burning briskly. The candles may be +made of white as well as colored paper. Make an oblong, K +(<a href="#Fig_214">Fig. 214</a>), four inches long and two and a half inches wide, +the wick one-quarter of an inch high, and the back of the +flame, L, three-quarters of an inch long. From orange-colored +tissue-paper cut the flame (<a href="#Fig_215">Fig. 215</a>). This should +be a little over a half an inch wide at the base and two inches +long. Lay an oblong on the table in front of you; take a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> +large-sized pencil; place it on the long edge farthest away +from the flame, and roll it on the pencil (<a href="#Fig_216">Fig. 216</a>) until the +opposite edge overlaps the roll. Then run the paste brush +along the edge and paste it down. Your candle is now a +hollow roll. Slip the roll off the pencil and cut two slim +notches opposite to each other, in the bottom edge (<a href="#Fig_217">Fig. 217</a>). +Make the notches on some of the candles at the front and +back, on others at each side. This is so that the flames may +always face outward, though the branches that hold the +candles may turn in various directions. Lastly, paste the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span> +flame on the back of the flame, allowing the tip to flare out at +one side as though stirred by a current of air (<a href="#Fig_217">Fig. 217</a>).</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Paper candle construction"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 204px;"><a name="Fig_214" id="Fig_214"></a> +<img src="images/i130a.png" width="204" height="375" alt="Fig. 214—Begin the candle in this way." title="Fig. 214—Begin the candle in this way." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 214—Begin the candle in this way.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 66px;"><a name="Fig_215" id="Fig_215"></a> +<img src="images/i130b.png" width="66" height="100" alt="Fig. 215—The flame is cut like this." title="Fig. 215—The flame is cut like this." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 215—The flame is cut like this.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 101px;"><a name="Fig_216" id="Fig_216"></a> +<img src="images/i130c.png" width="101" height="400" alt="Fig. 216—Roll it on a pencil." title="Fig. 216—Roll it on a pencil." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 216—Roll it on a pencil.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 68px;"><a name="Fig_217" id="Fig_217"></a> +<img src="images/i130d.png" width="68" height="380" alt="Fig. 217—The finished candle." title="Fig. 217—The finished candle." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 217—The finished candle.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>In placing the candles, stand them up astride the branches +by means of the notches at the bottom, turning the right side +of the flame always toward the room. The tiniest twigs will +hold these paper candles easily, and when the needles of the +fir interfere with their adjustment, pull off some of the needles +and set the candles astride the bare places on the branches.</p> + +<p>Finish the tree by throwing over it a web of long, very +narrow strips of white and orange-colored tissue-paper.</p> + +<p>The narrower the strips the better they will look.</p> + +<p>It hardly seems necessary to offer a word of caution, but it +will do no harm to say that the flame of gas, candle, or fire, +should not come near this paper-decked tree, though it is +scarcely more inflammable than a tree trimmed with tinsel.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XV</h2> + +<h3>A HOME-MADE SANTA CLAUS</h3> + + +<p>"<span class="smcap">Merry Christmas</span>! Merry Christmas!" calls out Santa +Claus cheerily as the guests come trooping into the room.</p> + +<p>Laughing and joking, his eyes twinkling with fun, Santa +Claus names each person as he hands out the gifts from his +fat Christmas bag and from the generous pile at his feet. All +this merriment happens at Christmastide when you play the +part of good "Kris Kringle" in your own home, in the schoolroom, +the Sunday-school, or in any place where Christmas is +celebrated and where children are gathered to enjoy the +festivities.</p> + +<p>Take a good long look at Santa Claus, as shown in the +picture (<a href="#Fig_218">Fig. 218</a>); then turn your eyes to the illustration (<a href="#Fig_219">Fig. 219</a>). Can you believe it possible that the two photographs +are of the same person in identically the same pose? Such +is truly the case. The second gives the woman's back, while +the first shows her face, arms, and hands transformed into +those of the jolly saint.</p> + +<p>You can see at a glance how very easy it will be for you to +have a real, live, little Santa Claus for your Christmas.</p> + +<p>Any one—grandfather, grandmother, father, mother, big +sister or brother, or you yourself—can assume the character +of this live little saint, can grow suddenly short of stature, +jolly and fat, be arrayed in scarlet, ermine-trimmed, and +crowned with a red-peaked hat, all in less time than it takes +to tell it; and, stranger still, the transformation may be +accomplished in a very comfortable way, without even the +bother of changing the usual attire.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span></p> + +<p>It is essential merely to paste on the face tufts of raw cotton +for eyebrows, mustache and goatee, and to slip over each +arm an extra sleeve. This accomplished, and the proper +position taken behind the curtain, lo, "magic change"! +There you are as fine a little Santa Claus as any one would +care to see, and your best friend would not recognize you, so +complete is the change. Disguise your voice and no one can +find you out, not even your nearest relative.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Santa Claus"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 255px;"><a name="Fig_218" id="Fig_218"></a> +<img src="images/i133a.jpg" width="255" height="400" alt="Fig. 218—Santa Claus as the spectators see him." title="Fig. 218—Santa Claus as the spectators see him." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 218—Santa Claus as the spectators see him.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 255px;"><a name="Fig_219" id="Fig_219"></a> +<img src="images/i133b.jpg" width="255" height="400" alt="Fig. 219—The real Santa Claus behind the curtain." title="Fig. 219—The real Santa Claus behind the curtain." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 219—The real Santa Claus behind the curtain.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>When the gifts have been distributed and you are ready +to go out among the excited children or family circle again, +step from the curtain, pull off the extra sleeves, remove the +cotton from your face, and in a moment's time you will again +be your own natural self.</p> + +<p>When preparing this entertainment you will find the demand +on your purse very slight, the principal outlay being<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> +for the curtain. Purchase moss-green lining cambric, at +four, five, or six cents a yard, to stretch over the doorway you +intend to use. Two yards and a quarter cut in one full +breadth and one half breadth, when sewed together into a +curtain, will be enough for an ordinary doorway. Doorways +vary in size, however, and it is best to take the measurements +of yours before buying the material. The space between +the folding doors will probably call for five yards of cambric. +When the strips of cloth are sewed together, stretch the +curtain taut over the opening, tacking it at long intervals on +the topmost level of the wood-work over the door and on the +extreme edge of the door jamb next to the wall. If fastened +in this manner, tacks will not injure the wood-work.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Santa Claus construction 1"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 236px;"><a name="Fig_220" id="Fig_220"></a> +<img src="images/i134a.png" width="236" height="300" alt="Fig. 220—Holes in curtain for face and arms." title="Fig. 220—Holes in curtain for face and arms." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 220—Holes in curtain for face and arms.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 235px;"><a name="Fig_221" id="Fig_221"></a> +<img src="images/i134b.png" width="235" height="300" alt="Fig. 221—Cap and body of coat pinned on curtain." title="Fig. 221—Cap and body of coat pinned on curtain." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 221—Cap and body of coat pinned on curtain.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Stand on the floor facing the centre of the curtain and mark +the place where your face comes; then where your arms will +most easily pass through the curtain. Cut holes in the cloth, +one for your face with chin entirely through, and two for +your arms (<a href="#Fig_220">Fig. 220</a>). Cut the holes small; they can be +enlarged if necessary.</p> + +<p>Make Santa Claus's cap of a piece of scarlet cambric +twelve inches wide and seventeen inches long; tie one end<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span> +with a string into a tassel; then pin the cap on top of the +face opening (<a href="#Fig_221">Fig. 221</a>), and cut the lower edge into a curve +to fit the hole as indicated by the dotted lines in <a href="#Fig_221">Fig. 221</a>. +One width of scarlet cambric twenty-six inches long, used +just as it comes, will make the jacket.</p> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Santa construction 2"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 142px;"><a name="Fig_222" id="Fig_222"></a> +<img src="images/i134c.png" width="142" height="300" alt="Fig. 222—Pattern for sleeve-cap." title="Fig. 222—Pattern for sleeve-cap." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 222—Pattern for sleeve-cap.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 156px;"><a name="Fig_223" id="Fig_223"></a> +<img src="images/i134d.png" width="156" height="280" alt="Fig. 223—Santa Claus's paste board boot top." title="Fig. 223—Santa Claus's paste board boot top." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 223—Santa Claus's paste board boot top.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Draw in one edge of the coat to meet the inner edge of the +armhole and pin it there; do the same with the other side, +and you will have fulness in front to allow for padding. +Bring the sides around the armhole outward again and pin +in place; then fold up a wide hem and pin the sides of the +jacket to the curtain and fill out the inside of the jacket with +half sheets of newspaper lightly crumpled (<a href="#Fig_221">Fig. 221</a>).</p> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 262px;"><a name="Fig_224" id="Fig_224"></a> +<img src="images/i136.jpg" width="262" height="400" alt="Fig. 224—Santa Claus's costume ready for the impersonator." title="Fig. 224—Santa Claus's costume ready for the impersonator." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 224—Santa Claus's costume ready for the impersonator.</span> +</div> +<p>Pin enough paper to the curtain under the coat to give +the body of Santa Claus a decidedly rounded appearance; be +sure that the padding is securely fastened to the curtain. +Then pin the sleeve caps, cut according to <a href="#Fig_222">Fig. 222</a>, around +the outer edge of the armhole. Pin raw white cotton around +the face opening to form the hair and long, full beard. Allow +the cotton to come well over the edge of the hole, that it may +lie naturally on Santa Claus's face.</p> + +<p>With ink, mark the fleecy side of the strips of white canton +flannel to resemble white ermine. Notice particularly the +shape of the black ermine dots and have yours like them. +Pin one ermine strip down the front of the red jacket and +another across the bottom edge. Make two long, separate +scarlet sleeves, unhemmed at top and bottom, and pin a band +of ermine around each for a cuff. The only necessary sewing +for the entire costume is the seams of the sleeves.</p> + + +<p>Polish up a pair of ordinary old shoes, stuff them out with +newspapers, and use them for Santa Claus's feet. Roll two +pieces of cardboard, or pieces of limber pasteboard boxes, into +cylinders; ink or blacken them. When dry, cut a curve in one +end of each, like <a href="#Fig_223">Fig. 223</a>, and fit these tops over the stuffed +shoes to make them into boots. <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span>Set the boots on a bench or +a low table, placed across in front of Santa Claus, and adjust<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span> +them under the coat, so the little fellow will appear to be +standing on the bench (<a href="#Fig_224">Fig. 224</a>). Pin Christmas greens, +either natural or of tissue-paper, over the top and down the +sides of the curtain, and you will have a unique, very effective, +and novel arrangement for Christmas, easy to make, and +costing but a trifle. Try it.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XVI</h2> + +<h3>NATURE STUDY WITH TISSUE-PAPER</h3> + + +<p><span class="smcap">A natural</span> flower, some tissue-paper, a pair of scissors, a +spool of thread, and nimble fingers are all you need.</p> + +<p>There are no patterns, only circles and squares and strips +of paper which you gather here, spread out there, wrap +and tie somewhere else, and, with deft fingers, model into +almost exact reproductions of the natural flower before +you.</p> + +<p>With its unfamiliar terms to be committed to memory and +the many parts of the flower to be distinguished, botany is +apt to prove dry and tiresome to the little child, but to study +nature by copying the flowers in this marvellously adaptable +material is only a beautiful game which every child, and +indeed many grown people, will delight in. The form of the +flower, its name and color, may, by this means, be indelibly +stamped upon the memory, and a good foundation laid for +further study.</p> + + +<h3>The Best Models</h3> + +<p>Ordinary garden flowers and those most easily procured +make the best models. The carnation, the morning-glory, +and the rarer blossoms of the hibiscus are well adapted +to the work, also the daffodil and some of the wonderful +orchids.</p> + +<p>Even holly, with its sharp-spiked leaves and scarlet berries, +and the white-berried, pale green mistletoe may be closely +copied. All these and many more are made on the same<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> +principle, and in so simple a manner that even quite a little +child may succeed in producing very good copies from nature.</p> + + +<h3>Material</h3> + +<p>Buy a sheet of light pink tissue-paper, another of darker +pink, and one of the darkest red you can find; then a sheet +of light yellow-green and one of dark green. Have a table +"cleared for the action" and place your paper on the right-hand +side, adding a +pair of scissors and a +spool of coarse thread, +or, better still, of soft +darning cotton.</p> + +<p>With all this you +are to copy the</p> + + +<h3>Carnation</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>which some one has +given you or you +have growing in your +own garden. Make +one of your light pink +paper, one of the +darker pink, and another +of the rich, deep +red to have a variety +(<a href="#Fig_225">Fig. 225</a>).</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 275px;"><a name="Fig_225" id="Fig_225"></a> +<img src="images/i139.png" width="275" height="400" alt="Fig. 225—Carnations modelled from tissue-paper." title="Fig. 225—Carnations modelled from tissue-paper." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 225—Carnations modelled from tissue-paper.</span> +</div> + +<p>Lay your natural +flower down on the +left-hand side of the table, away from your material, but +within quite easy reach, for it must be consulted frequently. +Seat yourself comfortably and don't work hurriedly.</p> + +<p>The first thing necessary in this system of squares and +circles is to know<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span></p> + + +<h3>How to Cut a Circle Quickly</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>easily, and accurately, and always without a pattern. Here +is a method which never fails:</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Cutting a circle 1"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 253px;"><a name="Fig_226" id="Fig_226"></a> +<img src="images/i140a.png" width="253" height="250" alt="Fig. 226—Fold the square diagonally through the centre." title="Fig. 226—Fold the square diagonally through the centre." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 226—Fold the square diagonally through the centre.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 255px;"><a name="Fig_227" id="Fig_227"></a> +<img src="images/i140b.png" width="255" height="250" alt="Fig. 227—The folded square makes the triangle." title="Fig. 227—The folded square makes the triangle." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 227—The folded square makes the triangle.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>Cut a square the size you wish to make your circle. +That is, if you want a +circle with a diameter of +four inches, cut a four-inch +square (<a href="#Fig_226">Fig. 226</a>). +Fold the square diagonally +through the centre +according to the dotted +line on <a href="#Fig_226">Fig. 226</a>, and you +have a triangle (<a href="#Fig_227">Fig. 227</a>). +Fold this at the dotted +line and it will make another +triangle (<a href="#Fig_228">Fig. 228</a>). +Again fold through the +middle and you have +the third triangle (<a href="#Fig_229">Fig. 229</a>). Fold once more and <a href="#Fig_230">Fig. 230</a> is the result. Measure +the distance from the +edge, B, to the centre, +A, in <a href="#Fig_230">Fig. 230</a>, and mark +the same distance on the +other side of the triangle +shown by the dot, C (<a href="#Fig_231">Fig. 231</a>). With your scissors +cut across from C to B, +curving the edge slightly, +as shown by the dotted +line from C to B (<a href="#Fig_231">Fig. 231</a>). <a href="#Fig_232">Fig. 232</a> is the +circle still in its folds. +<a href="#Fig_233">Fig. 233</a> is the circle +opened, the dotted line indicating where it has been folded.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span></p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Circle 2"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 388px;"><a name="Fig_228" id="Fig_228"></a> +<img src="images/i141a.png" width="388" height="200" alt="Fig. 228—The second triangle." title="Fig. 228—The second triangle." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 228—The second triangle.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 210px;"><a name="Fig_229" id="Fig_229"></a> +<img src="images/i141b.png" width="210" height="200" alt="Fig. 229—The third triangle." title="Fig. 229—The third triangle." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 229—The third triangle.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Circle 3"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 161px;"><a name="Fig_230" id="Fig_230"></a> +<img src="images/i141c.png" width="161" height="225" alt="Fig. 230—The fourth triangle." title="Fig. 230—The fourth triangle." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 230—The fourth triangle.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;"><a name="Fig_231" id="Fig_231"></a> +<img src="images/i141d.png" width="150" height="225" alt="Fig. 231—Cut along dotted line." title="Fig. 231—Cut along dotted line." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 231—Cut along dotted line.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 159px;"><a name="Fig_232" id="Fig_232"></a> +<img src="images/i141e.png" width="159" height="200" alt="Fig. 232—The folded circle." title="Fig. 232—The folded circle." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 232—The folded circle.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 275px;"><a name="Fig_233" id="Fig_233"></a> +<img src="images/i141f.png" width="275" height="275" alt="Fig. 233—The circle opened." title="Fig. 233—The circle opened." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 233—The circle opened.</span> +</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span></p> + +<p>Your eye will soon become sufficiently accurate to enable +you to gauge the distance from A to B, and you can then cut +from C to B without measuring.</p> + + +<h3>Before Beginning Your Flower</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>take up the natural one and examine it carefully. You will +notice that it has a great many petals crowded closely together, +and that their edges are pointed like a saw. You will also +see that the calyx is wrapped snugly around the lower part +of the flower, and that it, too, has a pointed edge.</div> + +<p>Now hold the pink off at arm's length. The separateness +of the petals disappears and you see them only as a mass; +the points on the edges are not noticeable except as they give +the flower a crimped appearance, and the edge of the calyx +looks almost straight. It is this appearance or the impression +of the flower that you are to produce rather than its many +and little separate parts. So now set to work.</p> + + +<h3>Cut Two Squares for Each Pink</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>one measuring five and a quarter inches, the other four and +three-quarters inches, and turn them into circles (<a href="#Fig_233">Fig. 233</a>), +by the method just explained. Take one of the circles at the +centre, where the folding lines cross, with the tips of the fingers +of your left hand, and pinch it together; then, while still +holding it, crimp the edge with the fingers of your right hand +(<a href="#Fig_234">Fig. 234</a>). Do this always with every kind of flower, whether +it be made of circles or squares. Without loosening your +hold of the centre, draw the paper lightly through your right +hand several times, then crimp the edge again, this time with +the blade of the scissors. Treat all the circles alike, then +place a small circle inside a larger one and draw them through +your hand to bring them close together, pinching them closely +until within a little over an inch of the edge (<a href="#Fig_235">Fig. 235</a>). Make +a slender lighter of ordinary writing-paper (<a href="#Fig_236">Fig. 236</a>), snip<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> +off the point of the flower, D, in <a href="#Fig_235">Fig. 235</a>, open the other end +a little, and push the lighter through until its head is hidden. +This forms the stem. Wrap and tie with thread at the +bottom of the flower (<a href="#Fig_237">Fig. 237</a>), and again where the petals +spread. This last is to be but temporary, as you will remove +the thread when the flower is sufficiently pressed together to +hold its shape.</div> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Crimping"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 187px;"><a name="Fig_234" id="Fig_234"></a> +<img src="images/i143a.png" width="187" height="250" alt="Fig. 234—Crimp the edge with your fingers." title="Fig. 234—Crimp the edge with your fingers." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 234—Crimp the edge with your fingers.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 187px;"><a name="Fig_235" id="Fig_235"></a> +<img src="images/i143b.png" width="187" height="130" alt="Fig. 235—Draw these through your hand to bring them closely together." title="Fig. 235—Draw these through your hand to bring them closely together." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 235—Draw these through your hand to bring them closely together.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 36px;"><a name="Fig_236" id="Fig_236"></a> +<img src="images/i143c.png" width="36" height="400" alt="Fig. 236—Make the stem of a paper lighter." title="Fig. 236—Make the stem of a paper lighter." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 236—Make the stem of a paper lighter.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>From your light green paper cut a circle measuring three<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> +and a quarter inches through its diameter and cut it in two +to make the half circle for the calyx (<a href="#Fig_238">Fig. 238</a>). Remove the +thread that holds the flower just below its petals and wrap the +calyx closely around the lower part, tying it at the bottom; +then cut a narrow strip of dark green paper and wrap it +spirally around the stem, beginning at the top (<a href="#Fig_239">Fig. 239</a>). +Let the wrapper extend a little below the lighter and twist +the end to hold it in place. Spread the petals of your flower +as much like the natural blossom as possible.</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Attaching the stem"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 142px;"><a name="Fig_237" id="Fig_237"></a> +<img src="images/i144a.png" width="142" height="400" alt="Fig. 237—Tie the flower to the stem." title="Fig. 237—Tie the flower to the stem." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 237—Tie the flower to the stem.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 253px;"><a name="Fig_238" id="Fig_238"></a> +<img src="images/i144b.png" width="253" height="150" alt="Fig. 238—The calyx." title="Fig. 238—The calyx." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 238—The calyx.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 164px;"><a name="Fig_239" id="Fig_239"></a> +<img src="images/i144c.png" width="164" height="400" alt="Fig. 239—Wrap the paper spirally around the stem." title="Fig. 239—Wrap the paper spirally around the stem." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 239—Wrap the paper spirally around the stem.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span></p> + + + + +<h3>Leaves</h3> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Leaves"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 76px;"><a name="Fig_240" id="Fig_240"></a> +<img src="images/i145.png" width="76" height="400" alt="Fig. 240—The leaves." title="Fig. 240—The leaves." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 240—The leaves.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 127px;"><a name="Fig_241" id="Fig_241"></a> +<img src="images/i145b.png" width="127" height="400" alt="Fig. 241—Twist each end into a point." title="Fig. 241—Twist each end into a point." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 241—Twist each end into a point.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<p>For the leaves cut a strip of dark green paper six inches +long and three-quarters of an inch wide (<a href="#Fig_240">Fig. 240</a>). Find the +centre by folding the paper end to end and making the crease +shown by the dotted line in <a href="#Fig_240">Fig. 240</a>. Gather it along this +line, not with needle and thread—we use no needle in this +work—but with your fingers, and pinch it together; then twist +each end into a point (<a href="#Fig_241">Fig. 241</a>). With the sharp end of your +scissors punch a hole directly through the centre, E (<a href="#Fig_241">Fig. 241</a>), and push the point of the stem through the hole, bringing +the leaves as far up on the stem as you find them on the +natural flower; then wrap and tie them in place.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span></p> + + + +<h3>The Bud</h3> + +<div class='unindent'>is made of a circle of dark green paper the diameter of which +is three and a quarter inches (<a href="#Fig_242">Fig. 242</a>). Gather this circle +between your fingers as you did the others and crimp the +edge with the scissors. It will then form a little bag or cup +like <a href="#Fig_242">Fig. 242</a>. Slip the bag over the head of the lighter and +tie at the bottom, as in <a href="#Fig_243">Fig. 243</a>. If the bud does not take +the proper shape at first, model it with your fingers until it is +correct. Start the wrapping of the stem just above where the +bud is tied and finish as you did the stem of the pink. Use +small leaves on the bud stem, having the strip of paper just as +wide, but considerably shorter than for the leaves on the stem +of the open flower.</div> +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="The Bud"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 303px;"><a name="Fig_242" id="Fig_242"></a> +<img src="images/i146a.png" width="303" height="250" alt="Fig. 242—Make the bud of a circle." title="Fig. 242—Make the bud of a circle." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 242—Make the bud of a circle.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 126px;"><a name="Fig_243" id="Fig_243"></a> +<img src="images/i146b.png" width="126" height="250" alt="Fig. 243—Slip the bag over the head of the lighter." title="Fig. 243—Slip the bag over the head of the lighter." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 243—Slip the bag over the head of the lighter.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>It is wonderful how very natural these blossoms appear. At +a short distance no one would think they are not the real, old +and familiar pinks. Only the fragrance is missing, and that +may also be supplied and a spicy odor given by inclosing a +whole clove in the heart of each flower.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span></p> + + + +<h3>The Morning-Glory</h3> +<div class="figleft" style="width: 218px;"><a name="Fig_244" id="Fig_244"></a> +<img src="images/i147.png" width="218" height="400" alt="Fig. 244—Morning-glory modelled from tissue-paper." title="Fig. 244—Morning-glory modelled from tissue-paper." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 244—Morning-glory modelled from tissue-paper.</span> +</div> + +<p>From the pale pink paper you can make a delicately beautiful +morning-glory (<a href="#Fig_244">Fig. 244</a>). Have the natural flower with +its stem and leaves to copy from, even if the blossom is not +the color you want. As with the pink, it is the general form +and appearance we strive for in the morning-glory, not the +detail.</p> + +<p>Make your pink circles with a diameter of about seven +inches. It is always better to have your flowers a trifle +larger than the natural ones, rather than smaller.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span></p> + +<div class="figright" style="width: 294px;"><a name="Fig_245" id="Fig_245"></a> +<img src="images/i148.png" width="294" height="325" alt="Fig. 245—Flatten out the top." title="Fig. 245—Flatten out the top." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 245—Flatten out the top.</span> +</div> + +<p>But one circle is required for each morning-glory. Crimp +this in your fingers and draw through your hand as you did the +circles for the pinks; then, pinching it together to within one +and a half inches of the edge, hold it in your left hand and +flatten out the top, as in <a href="#Fig_245">Fig. 245</a>. See that the fulness is +evenly distributed, and pull and straighten out the edges until +you are satisfied with its appearance.</p> + +<p>A piece of bonnet-wire makes the best stem if you wish to +give the true viny effect of the growth. If it is only the +blossom you are making, a paper lighter will answer. When +you use the wire, bend one end over to form a small loop; +this is to keep the stem from slipping through the flower. +Pass the straight end of the wire through the centre of the +flower and draw it down until the loop is hidden.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span></p> + + +<p>Make</p> + + +<h3>The Calyx</h3> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="The Calyx"> +<tr><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 306px;"><a name="Fig_246" id="Fig_246"></a> +<img src="images/i149a.png" width="306" height="300" alt="Fig. 246—Green square for calyx." title="Fig. 246—Green square for calyx." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 246—Green square for calyx.</span> +</div></td><td align='left'><div class="figcenter" style="width: 255px;"><a name="Fig_247" id="Fig_247"></a> +<img src="images/i149b.png" width="255" height="280" alt="Fig. 247—Hold the square at the centre." title="Fig. 247—Hold the square at the centre." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 247—Hold the square at the centre.</span> +</div></td></tr> +</table></div> +<div class='unindent'>of a square of light green paper measuring about four and a +half inches. Fold the square four times through the centre +to form the creases shown by the dotted lines in <a href="#Fig_246">Fig. 246</a>. +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span>Hold the square at the centre and draw the edges down as in +<a href="#Fig_247">Fig. 247</a>; then bring the two edges together in gathers, just<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> +below one of the corners, to form a leaf-shaped point, as in +<a href="#Fig_248">Fig. 248</a>. Gather below each corner, tie as in <a href="#Fig_249">Fig. 249</a>, and +twist each corner into a sharp point like F (<a href="#Fig_249">Fig. 249</a>). Draw +the calyx through your hand, bringing the points together +(<a href="#Fig_250">Fig. 250</a>). Push the calyx up on the stem and tie just at the +base of the flower, then tie again about three-quarters of an +inch below and wrap the remainder of the calyx close to +the stem. Wind the stem with light green tissue-paper and +bend it as the natural one is bent and curved.</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 276px;"><a name="Fig_248" id="Fig_248"></a> +<img src="images/i150a.png" width="276" height="325" alt="Fig. 248—Form a leaf-shaped point." title="Fig. 248—Form a leaf-shaped point." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 248—Form a leaf-shaped point.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 291px;"><a name="Fig_249" id="Fig_249"></a> +<img src="images/i150b.png" width="291" height="300" alt="Fig. 249—Twist each corner into a point." title="Fig. 249—Twist each corner into a point." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 249—Twist each corner into a point.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 200px;"><a name="Fig_250" id="Fig_250"></a> +<img src="images/i151a.png" width="200" height="115" alt="Fig. 250—Bring the points together." title="Fig. 250—Bring the points together." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 250—Bring the points together.</span> +</div> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_251" id="Fig_251"></a> +<img src="images/i151b.png" width="400" height="291" alt="Fig. 251—Gather along one of the creases." title="Fig. 251—Gather along one of the creases." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 251—Gather along one of the creases.</span> +</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span></p> + +<p>Make several buds of the pink paper, following the directions +given for the green bud of the pink; then twist each +bud at the point and add a calyx.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="Fig_252" id="Fig_252"></a> +<img src="images/i152.png" width="400" height="142" alt="Fig. 252—The morning-glory leaves." title="Fig. 252—The morning-glory leaves." /> +<span class="caption"><span class='smcap'>Fig.</span> 252—The morning-glory leaves.</span> +</div> + +<p>The wilted flower shown in the illustration is made by +taking one of the morning-glories you have just finished +and actually wilting it by drawing the flower together and +creasing and pressing it to resemble the partially closed and +drooping natural blossom.</p> + +<p>Only a piece of dark green paper six inches square is +required to model two almost perfectly shaped morning-glory +leaves.</p> + +<p>Fold the square twice diagonally across from corner to +corner to find its centre; then begin at one corner and gather +along one of the creases until you reach the centre (<a href="#Fig_251">Fig. 251</a>). +Start again at the opposite corner, gather along the crease to +the centre, then wrap and tie (<a href="#Fig_252">Fig. 252</a>). Pinch each leaf from +underneath along the crease in the middle, to give the depression +at the midrib. Straighten the leaf out a little at its +widest part and you will find you have a pair of leaves which +are surprisingly natural. Wrap and tie these to the stem +and make as many more as you think are needed.</p> +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<div class='tnote'><h3>Transcriber's Note:</h3> +<p>Obvious punctuation errors repaired.</p></div> + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Little Folks' Handy Book, by +Lina Beard and Adelia B. Beard + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LITTLE FOLKS' HANDY BOOK *** + +***** This file should be named 25462-h.htm or 25462-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/5/4/6/25462/ + +Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Emmy and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> |