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+Project Gutenberg's The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 3 (of 4), by W. Grant Hague
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 3 (of 4)
+       A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies
+
+Author: W. Grant Hague
+
+Release Date: April 11, 2008 [EBook #25044]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE EUGENIC MARRIAGE, VOL. 3 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by K.D. Thornton, Jason Isbell, Josephine Paolucci
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: "Mother and Child," by Lorado Taft
+
+So strong is becoming the ambitions of the mothers of to-day to give the
+world children that will be an honor to-morrow, that this piece of
+marble statuary was erected by the Infant Welfare Society of Chicago to
+express the ideal of the most wonderful thing that can come to any
+woman--motherhood.]
+
+
+
+
+The Eugenic Marriage
+
+A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies
+
+By W. GRANT HAGUE, M.D.
+
+_College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia University), New York;
+Member of County Medical Society, and of the American Medical
+Association_
+
+In Four Volumes
+
+VOLUME III
+
+
+    New York
+    THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS COMPANY
+    1916
+
+    Copyright, 1913, by
+    W. GRANT HAGUE
+
+    Copyright, 1914, by
+    W. GRANT HAGUE
+
+
+
+
+TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+THE FORMATIVE PERIOD
+
+The best age at which to marry--Incompatibility of temperament--A happy
+marriage need not be a successful one--The evils of early marriage--The
+wedding night, its medical aspect--The honeymoon--When marital relations
+are painful--Times when marital relations should be suspended--The first
+weeks and months of wifehood--The formative period--A true marriage--A
+wife's true position in the household--Only 5% of happy
+marriages--Period of adaptation--Differences of opinion--Differences of
+principle--The attainment of success--Arguing trifles--You must know
+what you want--The right kind of wife--Contributing to her husband's
+efficiency--What are the requisites of efficiency--Good
+health--Thoroughly cooked meals--Rest at night--Having a system--Enough
+exercise--Freedom from worry--Do your part--The first quarrel--Fault
+finding--The husband's efficiency depends upon the wife--Work must be
+interesting--The wife's part ... PAGE 331
+
+
+ADVICE TO YOUNG WIVES
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+
+HOW TO ACHIEVE
+
+What the young wife owes to herself--Why was I born--What are the
+personal qualities necessary to success--What are the personal qualities
+necessary to happiness--Self-control--What is a thought--The evil habit
+of hasty judgment--The bad thought habit--Training the mind--"Go about
+it in the right way"--Be sure your husband's friends are your
+friends--Be a good fellow--Two kinds of people in the world--Everything
+depends upon what we do with our mind--The most popular woman--The gift
+of flattery--Choosing your friends--True friendship expects and demands
+nothing--True friendship is necessary--"By your friends shall ye be
+known"--Making resolves--The formula of success--When fortune knocks.
+... PAGE 357
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+SPARE MOMENTS
+
+The study habit--The germ of self-culture--Millions of tiny cells in our
+brain--The economic value of the study habit--Two ways of gaining
+knowledge--Happiness in the company of those striving for higher
+ideals--A young wife's incentive to self-culture--The difference between
+moral and mental disloyalty--The study habit creates its own
+interest--Nosophobia, or the dread of disease--"Keep still and be well"
+... PAGE 375
+
+
+THE HOME
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII
+
+DOMESTIC QUALITIES
+
+A good housekeeper and home-maker--What constitutes a good
+housekeeper--Preparation and selection of meals--Washing dishes--Pots
+and pans--Dusting and cleaning--Work cheerfully and be thorough--Don't
+be a dust chaser--Don't get the anti-sunshine habit--Air your rooms--The
+ideal home--The medical essentials of a good meal--What makes the
+home--Working for something--The average housewife's existence is
+slavery--What shall we work for--Making ends meet--Rest and
+recreation--Try a nap--Get enough sleep at night--Go out of doors--Take
+a vacation now and then--Life insurance--Owning a home--The cheerful
+wife and mother--The indifferent wife and mother--Husband and wife ...
+PAGE 389
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII
+
+HOW WE CATCH DISEASE
+
+How we catch disease--How germs enter the lungs--How germs work in the
+body--The function of the white blood cell--How an abscess is
+formed--The evil habit of spitting in public places--Sunlight and
+germs--Why it is necessary to open windows--Facts about
+tuberculosis--The tendency to disease--The best treatment for
+tuberculosis--Consumption is a preventable and a curable disease--When
+delay is dangerous--What to eat and wear in hot weather--Scientific
+dressing--Drink plenty of water--What to drink when traveling ... PAGE
+409
+
+
+DISEASES OF WOMEN
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX
+
+DISEASES OF WOMEN
+
+Diseases of women--The beginning of female disease--Ailing women are
+inefficient--as home-makers, as wife, as mother--_Few ailing women
+become pregnant_--The chief cause of female disease--The existence of
+the average mother--Female diseases are avoidable--The story of the
+wife--Women who don't want children--Abuse of the procreative
+function--What the woman with female disease should do--Cancer in
+women--Cancer of the breast--Cancer of the womb--What every woman should
+know about cancer--Change of life--The menopause--The climacteric--The
+average age at which the change of life occurs--Symptoms of the change
+of life--Importance of a correct diagnosis--Danger signals of the change
+of life--Conduct during the change of life ... PAGE 433
+
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL
+
+What mothers should know about the patent medicine evil--Tonics--Used by
+temperance people because it could "stimulate"--Stomach Bitters--Blood
+Bitters--Sarsaparilla--Celery Compound--Malt Whisky--Headache
+remedies--Pain Powders--Anti-headache--Headache Powders--Soothing
+syrups--Baby Friend--Catarrh powders--Kidney Pills--Expectorant--Cough
+syrup--Lithia Water--Health, wealth and happiness for a dollar a
+bottle--New Discovery for Consumption--Consumption Cure--Cancer
+cures--Pills for Pale People--Elixir of Life ... PAGE 451
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL (_continued_)
+
+The ---- Consumption Cure--Personals to Consumptives--Nature's
+Creation--Female weakness cures--Various compounds and malt whiskies ...
+PAGE 467
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL (_continued_)
+
+How patent medicine firms and quacks dispose of the confidential letters
+sent to them. Patent medicine concerns and letter brokers--The patent
+medicine conspiracy against the freedom of the press--How the patent
+medicine trust crushes honest effort ... PAGE 481
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL (_continued_)
+
+The patent medicine evil and the duty of the mothers of the race--"Blood
+money"--The people must be the reformers--Mothers' resolutions ... PAGE
+489
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+     "The achievement of an object is dependent upon our
+     determination. Effort is a matter of will. Failure is a product
+     of misdirected determination."
+
+THE FORMATIVE PERIOD
+
+     The Best Age at Which to Marry--Incompatibility of
+     Temperament--A Happy Marriage Need Not Be a Successful One--The
+     Evils of Early Marriage--The Wedding Night, its Medical
+     Aspect--The Honeymoon--When Marital Relations are
+     Painful--Times when Marital Relations Should be Suspended--The
+     First Weeks and Months of Wifehood--The Formative Period--A
+     True Marriage--A Wife's True Position in the Household--Only
+     Five Per Cent. of Happy Marriages--Period of
+     Adaptation--Differences of Opinion--Differences of
+     Principle--The Attainment of Success--Arguing Trifles--You Must
+     Know What You Want--The Right Kind of Wife--Contributing to Her
+     Husband's Efficiency--What Are the Requisites of
+     Efficiency--Good Health--Thoroughly Cooked Meals--Rest at
+     Night--Having a System--Enough Exercise--Freedom from Worry--Do
+     Your Part--The First Quarrel--Fault Finding--The Husband's
+     Efficiency Depends Upon the Wife--Work Must be Interesting--The
+     Wife's Part.
+
+
+THE BEST AGE AT WHICH TO MARRY
+
+In order to determine the best age at which to marry, we must be guided
+by certain fixed standards. We must find out from statistics the average
+age of the parents of the best babies. We must determine and analyse the
+qualifications of what constitutes the "best" babies, according to the
+eugenic ideal. We should give heed to the fixity of temperamental
+characteristics in order to determine their adaptability to conditions
+that prevail at certain ages. We should select an age in advance of the
+period at which science has determined individuals to have outlived any
+hereditary tendencies.
+
+We have abundant proof that the best babies are born of parents between
+the twenty-third and the twenty-sixth years. We know also that the age
+which responds, with the fullest degree of plasticity, to temperamental
+characteristics, is in the early twenties. We know, likewise, that
+inherited tendencies may be said to have been outlived at or about the
+twenty-second year. The ideal marrying age, therefore, is, for both male
+and female, approximately the twenty-third year.
+
+The physical, mental and moral development of both men and women, at
+this period, evidence a high degree of adaptability, and are responsive
+to the institution of marriage. Their hereditary traits, if any
+previously existed, assume a dormant form at this age. They have
+cultivated the temperamental qualities which they will retain, with few
+modifications, throughout life. On the other hand, their dispositions
+are responsive to reason, and are capable of readjustment. Their
+temperamental characteristics are plastic, and under favorable
+conditions it is possible for both to evidence a degree of sympathy and
+toleration that bespeaks future harmony and success. No marriage can
+result in mutual happiness and success if one of the participants is
+temperamentally incapable of changing his or her convictions. One of the
+fundamental essentials to peace in the home is the quality of adaptation
+to circumstances, and no other virtue will be called into existence
+oftener than this quality. At this age, a man is eager to contribute to
+the contentment and happiness of his partner, even if it is necessary to
+sacrifice his own whims and opinions, and a woman, at this period, is
+temperamentally so constituted that she will respond to the same
+impulses.
+
+Incompatibility of temperament simply implies that two individuals are
+so constituted that they cannot, or will not, adapt themselves to the
+temperamental characteristics of each other. This condition is one of
+the most prolific causes of unfortunate marriages. Age has a great deal
+to do with this situation. Men over thirty have unconsciously developed
+habits of judgment and are too set in their opinions and ways to
+accommodate themselves easily, or without friction, to the temperamental
+differences that will undoubtedly exist in their wives. The spirit of
+adaptation, which is a characteristic of younger years, is lacking, and
+a mental readjustment is scarcely to be expected. We, therefore,
+frequently observe in the marriage relations of certain individuals a
+spirit of friendship existing rather than that of companionship which
+should be the quality that binds them together. Statistics prove that
+"affinities" creep into the lives of those who marry early, or in those
+who marry after thirty. This form of domestic infelicity may be rightly
+regarded as a product of "incompatibility of temperament."
+
+A happy marriage need not be a successful one. Some couples attain
+happiness through sorrow, grief, and failure. The so-called happy
+marriage, like happiness itself, is only a myth, made up of anticipation
+and memory. You have only to look into the calm and wrinkled faces of
+old women, and talk to them to discover that the outcome of
+unselfishness and abnegation forms the nearest approach to happiness in
+married life or out of it. It is the bearing of the burdens of life that
+constitutes its happiness.
+
+THE EVILS OF EARLY MARRIAGE.--No woman has the vitality to stand the
+strain of maternity before the twenty-third year. If a girl marries at
+eighteen years of age she gives the world children totally unfit to
+struggle with its problems. At about twenty-two years she may give one
+child of value to the world, but all others following will be
+increasingly unfit. In early marriages children are apt to come too
+frequently, and this is one cause of infant mortality. Statistics show
+that children born with an interval between them of only one year have a
+mortality of one hundred per cent, higher rating than those born with an
+interval of two years. And if these children are the progeny of very
+young mothers the percentage is even greater. The percentage of children
+who are malformed and idiotic is greater among those born of too young
+parents. It has been shown that the child can only inherit what the
+parents possess. If the parents are not of an age when all the powers
+are at their highest, the child is robbed of just this amount of growth
+and force lacking; no amount of education or training can supply this
+loss.
+
+There is another feature of early marriages that should receive serious
+consideration. A girl of eighteen or twenty has not reached that period
+of growth where certain inherited tendencies will show. If she has
+inherited a predisposition to consumption she may outgrow this period
+provided she is permitted to reach her full growth without subjecting
+her constitution to any strenuous physical or mental strain. If,
+however, this girl marries and becomes a mother, the incident effect
+upon her health will most likely weaken her to the extent of bringing to
+the surface the inherited tendency. Many mothers succumb to just such
+conditions, where had they remained single until a later period they
+could have assumed the responsibility of maternity without any evil
+consequences.
+
+The idea that by an early marriage a woman can train and change the
+inborn characteristics of her husband is a mistake. Few women can reform
+a husband after marriage. If she cannot reform him before marriage she
+will never do it afterward. These inborn traits will have their way
+despite anything she may be able to do to change them--only the man
+himself can control and govern them. During the period of this
+temperamental transformation the function of parenthood should not be
+exercised. Only when a man's character is fully matured should he be
+permitted to transfer it to another generation.
+
+The idea has been advanced that early marriages will tend to preserve
+youth from sowing wild oats. The woman who is the victim of this
+delusion will reap a harvest of discontent and misery. Any man who needs
+the sacrifice of a woman to cultivate the art of self-control is not a
+fit citizen, far less a fit husband or father. A man who is willing to
+bring children into the world before he is a self-governed animal does
+not understand the first principles of race-regeneration, and it is the
+duty of parents to educate their sons and daughters in this fundamental
+idea. To be an efficient parent one must be mentally, morally, and
+physically developed.
+
+THE WEDDING NIGHT;--ITS MEDICAL ASPECT.--The fundamental object of true
+marriage is the propagation of the species. Woman plays the more
+important part in the consummation of this duty inasmuch as she is the
+origin and depository of the future being. It is, therefore, most
+important that she should not be wholly ignorant of the nature and
+responsibilities of her position. Suffering, disease and death may
+result as a consequence of ignorance of these matters. It is the duty
+and the privilege of medical science to state, in language which all may
+understand, the facts regarding this interesting human event.
+
+It would seem as though suffering to some degree, characterized each
+epoch in a woman's life; menstruation, marriage and maternity. Much may
+be done, however, to lessen the pain necessary to the consummation of
+marriage. Not infrequently difficulty is experienced in this respect and
+great care, forbearance and gentleness must be exercised or unnecessary
+pain and injury may result. It is quite possible to cause serious injury
+by unrestrained impetuosity and this must be guarded against. It is
+sometimes absolutely necessary to consult a physician, especially in
+cases where greater resistance is experienced than is to be expected.
+These are rare cases.
+
+The first conjugal approaches are usually accompanied by a slight
+bleeding. They may not be so, however, and the absence of blood has no
+significance or meaning. The most suitable time to select for marriage
+is midway between the monthly periods. This is a season of sterility,
+and as the first nuptial relations may be followed by indisposition,
+pain and nervous irritability, it would be well to select a time when
+these ailments shall have an opportunity to subside before the
+appearance of the disturbances incident to pregnancy.
+
+THE HONEYMOON.--From a medical standpoint there is great need of a
+radical change in the way in which this nuptial period is spent. For
+many weeks previous to marriage the bride's existence is a long
+drawn-out period of nervous tension. Instead of enjoying mental and
+physical rest and repose, every moment of the time is crowded with
+exacting incidents, which, ordinarily, would wreck the nervous system of
+a robust individual. If this exciting preparatory experience ended in a
+period of rest and recuperation, it might not prove physically
+disastrous, instead of which, however, we know that the bride is
+subjected to a series of physiological tragedies which few weather with
+impunity. At no time of her life is she more in need of being surrounded
+with all the comforts of home and the intelligent direction of
+sympathizing friends who understand and appreciate the crisis through
+which she is passing. Custom, however, dictates that she shall be
+hurried from place to place at a time when the bodily quiet and the
+mental calmness and serenity so desirable to her should be the only
+object in view.
+
+Marital relations still continue painful and will be so for a few weeks.
+Too frequent indulgence at this period is a fruitful source of various
+inflammatory diseases, and often occasions temporary sterility and ill
+health. In many cases constitutional disturbances and nervous disorders
+have their beginning at this time and these unfortunate conditions are
+directly caused by the discomforts incident to the silliness of the
+social custom which deprives the woman of the rest and quiet necessary.
+
+The awakening of the sexual function is a tremendously important medical
+incident in the life of any woman. The simplest mind may adequately
+understand why such an experience should be consummated in a cheerful
+environment of domestic comfort and peace. To drag a girl around
+sight-seeing, when her nerves are on edge and supersensitive; when she
+is physically unfit, weary and not at all interested; when her brain is
+apprehensively busy with secret conjectures in which her husband even
+may not participate, is a species of torture which the average bride
+submits to with the best grace possible because social custom dictates
+the stupid programme.
+
+Mothers should approach this subject with tact and diplomacy, but they
+should, nevertheless, approach it with firm intentions to persuade their
+daughters to consider the situation from a common sense standpoint. The
+custom of the honeymoon survives because young brides do not appreciate
+the facts involved. It is the mother's duty to acquaint them with the
+truth, and no sensible mother will plan, or agree to a honeymoon that
+involves continuous discomfort and possible serious consequences to the
+health of her daughter at the beginning of what should be the happiest
+period of her life.
+
+WHEN MARITAL RELATIONS ARE PAINFUL.--Nature did not intend that the act
+by which the earth is to be replenished should be painful. If therefore,
+pain is a constant characteristic of this function, it is an evidence
+that disease exists and it should be given attention at the earliest
+possible moment. A displaced, congested womb is most frequently the
+cause. Such displacements most likely are a result of imprudence in
+dress, constipation and general negligence on the part of the victim. To
+delay or postpone assistance in such cases is dangerous, while on the
+other hand, relief is prompt and as a rule satisfactory if taken in
+time.
+
+TIMES WHEN MARITAL RELATIONS SHOULD BE SUSPENDED.--There are times when
+such relations are eminently improper. There are certain legitimate
+causes for denial by the wife.
+
+Intoxication in the husband is a good reason for refusal. Idiots and
+epileptics have been produced as a result of one parent being
+intoxicated when fecundation took place. Many cases are on record whose
+history is well authenticated where the mental faculties of the
+offspring have been totally destroyed.
+
+Convalescence from a severe sickness is a just cause for sexual
+abstinence. The existence of any local or constitutional disease which
+would be aggravated by marital relationship is also a just cause of
+refusal. The existence of a contagious disease renders a refusal valid.
+Sexual intercourse should never be permitted during the menses.
+Pregnancy is unquestionably a just cause for refraining from all
+marriage duties.
+
+THE FIRST WEEKS AND MONTHS OF WIFEHOOD.--The daughter is established in
+her own home: she is now the young wife, the prospective mother. What
+can we say that will be helpful at this period--those wonderful first
+weeks and months of wifehood? Her guiding star will unquestionably be
+the unconscious lessons she has absorbed from the tactful talks with
+mother. She will unwittingly pattern her conduct, to a large extent,
+after her, and follow the routine mother adopted in the old home. But
+there is a new factor to be considered. Her life, present and future,
+her possibilities, her very happiness, is dependent upon the husband.
+The old saying, that, "you must live with a man to really know him," she
+will find to be all too true. The story of her future life might be
+safely told if we could know how she will meet the new vicissitudes. She
+has known her husband only as a sweetheart, she has clothed him with
+virtues that exist only in her imagination, will he measure up to her
+expectations? She is watchful and tactful,--the little mother-talks she
+remembers. She did not believe when mother told her, that he had
+qualities which she would only find out after marriage, but she knows
+now. She is learning that household duties are exacting and fretful;
+that, though married, life still has a few thorns. She finds out also
+that the long day, when husband is at business, affords many
+opportunities for reflection and serious thought. These moments of
+seeming leisure are the moments of destiny. They are the introspective
+moments, when she weighs and measures out for herself sympathy, if she
+is not made of the right stuff, or she makes strong resolutions, and
+prepares herself mentally to win out in the new life. They are the
+moments when her subconscious intelligence is trying to express itself
+in the spirit of truth and honesty, when she weighs and measures and
+analyses the exigencies of the new environment. Her destiny depends upon
+the inspiration that is impressed upon her brain as a result of these
+self-communings.
+
+Most of us would not follow exactly the path we trod had we the
+opportunity to live our lives over again. The young wife has the chance
+to "do it over again." She has the opportunity of a new beginning. She
+should regard this opportunity as the most precious gift she will ever
+obtain. Many would give untold wealth for her chance. Happiness and
+riches lie at her feet. All the experiences that make life worth living
+are within her grasp. It all depends upon herself. An enthusiast is apt
+to be insistent. If his cause is just we gain by his insistency and
+determination. We are enthusiasts on this subject, we want you to
+believe in our disinterested sincerity. We believe,--in fact we know,
+that the first few months after marriage is the critical period in every
+woman's life so far as the attainment of happiness and success is
+concerned. No physician can practice medicine for years and fail to have
+this truth impressed upon him again and again.
+
+Every intelligent person knows that most young girls enter into the
+marriage relationship without a real understanding of its true meaning,
+or even a serious thought regarding its duties or its responsibilities.
+Maternity is thrust upon these physically and mentally immature young
+wives, and they assume the principal role in a relationship that is
+onerous and exacting. We know that the duties of wife and mother require
+an intelligence which is rendered efficient only by experience. We know
+that young wives acquire habits which undermine their health and their
+morals unwittingly. And we also know that the product of this
+diversified inefficiency is what constitutes the decadence and the
+degeneracy of the human race. Is it any wonder that mistakes occur, that
+heartaches abound, and that homes are degraded?
+
+What is the remedy? Education! Systematized instruction; an efficient
+and everlasting propaganda of education carried into the homes of the
+thousands of young wives and mothers who are willing, but who do not
+know how to play their part creditably and efficiently.
+
+THE FORMATIVE PERIOD.--The period prior to marriage is the formative
+period, the character building years. Matrimony is to be the test of how
+we have built our castle. The success of the matrimonial venture--for
+every marriage is an experiment--depends absolutely upon the result of
+the first year. We would, therefore, seriously, and earnestly, request
+the young wife to think deeply upon this problem and not to ignore the
+fact that the success of the venture is absolutely dependent upon her
+efforts to a very large degree. Some may assert that the husband is the
+essential equation, so far as happiness and success is concerned in the
+matrimonial venture. We do not think so. A home is what the woman makes
+it. A man may not be an ideal husband, or even a good father, though his
+home, to his children, may be heaven itself if the wife is a born
+mother and a good woman. On the other hand a man may be patient, hard
+working, self-sacrificing, good father, but he cannot make a happy home,
+for his children, if his wife is not the right kind of a woman.
+
+A true marriage implies love and confidence, and in the vast majority of
+marriages these qualities can be regarded as tangible, and may be used
+as any other business equity is used, for a certain time. The length of
+time depends upon the use to which this asset is put during the early
+months of marriage. It is the utilization of this time, how best to
+employ it, that concerns us here.
+
+A word as to a wife's true position in the household may be opportune.
+There is no question but that her status has changed in the last
+generation. Whether this change is for the better is a matter of
+opinion. It is too large and too intricate a problem to be fully
+discussed in a book of this character. Any opinion on such a subject
+must of necessity, in our judgment, be a warped one. There are few, very
+few, absolutely happy and congenial homes. It has been estimated that
+only five per cent. of all marriages are successful. If five per cent.
+make a success of marriage why could not the other ninety-five? The
+reasons are not fundamental or serious--they are trivial as a rule. It
+is making the right beginning that counts. If this is the secret, and
+every married person of experience will testify to this truth, the young
+wife should give the matter her serious consideration. In the life
+history of every couple there is a period of adaptation, which is sooner
+or later passed through at the expense of one or the other, or both,
+resigning themselves to an acceptance of the stronger, or positive,
+elements in the other's disposition.
+
+DIFFERENCES OF OPINION.--If a woman discovers, for example, that her
+husband has very decided views upon certain matters, and these views do
+not in any way conflict with the law, moral or otherwise, and the
+adoption of them does not necessitate the denial of a principle, it
+would be far better for her to acquiesce in these views, rather than to
+obstinately adhere to her opinions,--especially if she cannot, in a
+friendly way, offer an argument strong enough to convince him he is
+wrong. One or the other of every married pair will have to be willing to
+give in, in all trivial matters that come up from day to day, if a
+harmonious degree of existence is to be reached.
+
+It is certainly natural to assume that ordinarily the wife will be the
+one to concede most. She is supposed to be endowed with all the gentler
+attributes. Therefore our advice,--irrespective of all the arguments
+which may be made, and which we need not even hint at, here, but which
+are at the tongue's end of every so-called advanced woman,--is for the
+young wife to gratefully concede a great deal to her husband.
+
+If a man's daily life is clean, and if his ambition is to work in order
+to provide a comfortable home for his wife and children, he is deserving
+of the love and confidence of any true woman. And inasmuch as you have
+chosen this man for your husband, for your guide and for the father of
+your unborn children, it behooves you to find out how you may quickly
+accommodate yourself to be his helpmate, his friend, his confidant and
+companion, throughout all the years of your life. Let us assure you
+without fear of contradiction, that you will endear yourself to him by
+your willingness to be advised and guided by him. Such an attitude will
+engender a tangible confidence that may be drawn upon to weather
+temperamental contests that might otherwise prove to be serious
+obstacles in building up a mutual respect and trust and which is
+essential to peace and happiness. He will look for your word of cheer,
+and he will willingly tell you more and more of his inmost thoughts and
+ambitions, and unconsciously he will rely upon your judgment, your
+womanly intuition, your help, in every move he makes. The time when you
+will have to "give in" will have passed away. You will have made
+yourself part of his life, his mentality, you will have reached the goal
+of domestic happiness, and that is as near paradise as most of us reach
+in this world. It all depends upon "how you go about it" in the first
+few months of married life.
+
+Consider the other picture. If a wife cultivates, or has the inherited
+inclination to argue trifles, to bicker over mere matters of opinion,
+even if she wins occasionally, what does she gain? Nothing! The husband
+resents the tendency to argument. His pride is wounded at the thought
+that his wife needs to be convinced of every opinion he advances. Such
+an attitude completely breaks down the tangible confidence that is
+essential to peace and happiness. Soon he begins to keep his opinion to
+himself; the serpent enters the home; the wife finds he is interested in
+things of which he does not inform her. Jealousy, lack of confidence,
+doubt,--the skeletons of all domestic peace and happiness soon
+accomplish their terrible and tragic work, and the end is not difficult
+to imagine.
+
+Most of the things regarding which husbands and wives quarrel are of no
+special moment. They are not momentous subjects,--it is usually a trifle
+that mars the domestic peace. It takes but a few years for most women to
+appreciate that many of the things that cause heartaches are not of any
+consequence at all. They originate, as a rule, in one or the other
+failing to appreciate that the other has certain individual rights which
+demand some degree of respectful consideration. The ego element in human
+nature is responsible for a very considerable portion of the domestic
+infelicity that mars the home life of a large proportion of the people.
+
+TRIVIAL DIFFERENCES.--Many homes have been broken or rendered
+permanently wretched by trivial differences. The husband may like to
+play games, the wife may want to read. One may like to go out to parties
+and theaters, the other may want to stay at home. Before marriage these
+differences appear to merest trifles and are the subjects of
+good-humored bantering; after marriage they cause constant dissension,
+constant friction. A trifle is the usual beginning, a divorce may be the
+end. A little lack of tact, an unwillingness to sacrifice self in a
+small measure "at the right moment" and friction would have ended.
+
+It is a reflection upon our intelligence, and it is rather significant
+that it should be the little, trifling things that cause most of the
+troubles and heartaches in the world. We rarely quarrel over the
+important episodes Of life; the real things, the things that constitute
+the measure of our manhood and womanhood. Ask any of your friends, be
+they Jew or Gentile, Catholic or Protestant, Baptist or Episcopalian,
+Democrat or Republican, whether, in their best judgment, it is better to
+be honest or dishonest, clean or dirty, false or true, intelligent or
+ignorant, an idler or a worker; whether it is better to be gentle and
+kind or brutal and cruel, a gossip and scandal monger or to mind our own
+business and to speak kindly of our fellow-man, whether, in short, it is
+better to be good or bad? And yet these are the real, the fundamental
+qualities that brand a man, or a woman, or a race of people, as worthy
+and true and Christ-like.
+
+To the eugenist, a thought obtrudes itself at this point. It is the
+logical, the link between the cause and the effect. Why do we waste so
+much time arguing and fighting over non-essentials? Why is the world
+such a big quarreling-pot over nothing? And the eugenist suggests, if it
+is not possible, that the explanation may be found, in the fact, that
+the human family, as a race, is below par; that so many of us are
+incomplete; that it is the product of the combined mental effort of the
+unworthy element that makes all the trouble? It is scarcely logical to
+assume, that an individual who has been brought into the world by
+healthy, worthy parents, and whose ancestry for generations have been
+clean, honest people; and whose upbringing and education has been
+adequate to fit him to become a respectable, decent citizen, could, or
+would be a trouble maker. On the other hand, can we expect, or are we
+justified in hoping that an individual whose ancestral record is bad,
+whose environmental conditions are faulty, whose education has been
+neglected, who is in all probability physically and mentally deficient,
+will be capable of conforming to the standards of the other individual?
+From an imperfect whole, may we not naturally expect bad parts? From a
+diseased body and mind, may we not look for a low standard of thought
+and action? And may not these conditions account for the greater part of
+the little, as as the big, troubles that mar the peace and progress of
+the race? Will not the elimination of the eugenically unworthy rid the
+world of its heartaches and sorrows? It is not only a suggestive
+thought, it is an inspiration for the exercise of the supreme
+intelligence of the statesman, the sociologist, the teacher and the
+preacher alike.
+
+DIFFERENCES OF PRINCIPLE.--There are more serious differences than those
+of taste, however. There are differences of principle.
+
+They do not reveal themselves before the promise "for better or for
+worse." The sentimental days of courtship did not bring them out. But
+now that they have settled down to the routine of ordinary living,
+nature brings them to the surface and the issue must be met. It is
+discovered that the wife is a devout Christian and a faithful church
+attendant while the husband insists on his wife spending Sunday in the
+country, or at the seashore. The woman tries to get her husband to go to
+church but she fails. He tried to get her to accompany him but he does
+not succeed. There is a rift in the lute, little sorrowful heart pangs
+on the part of the woman, and the man feels sore and grouchy and wanders
+away alone, then finally open quarrels and indifference. Two lives are
+pulling apart. Someone must give in; but which one? The observance of
+her religious duties to the wife is a matter of principle. The husband's
+method of spending Sunday is simply habit. He has no right to interfere
+with her liberty in this respect. The one to give in is the one whose
+conscience is not trampled upon. If the husband refuses to go to church
+with his wife, he can do so amicably, and in such a tactful way that his
+wife cannot reasonably feel permanently offended, but he must not object
+to his wife going to church, nor has he the right to insist on being
+accompanied in his outing by his wife. On the other hand, the wife must
+not nag or quarrel with him continuously on the subject of religion.
+Those little incidents will come up in the experience of every married
+couple. They are not serious or insurmountable in themselves, but they
+can be made serious by mismanagement.
+
+The true wife is the home-maker, not simply the housekeeper. She is
+responsible for its attractiveness and its comfort, its morals and its
+existence. The marriage vow "does not make a wife, but comradeship in
+the bearing of the burdens of life, does." She must be Love and Justice
+and Truth to her children, and companion and friend and helpmeet to her
+husband.
+
+We, therefore, advise the young wife to begin wedded life with definite
+plans and ideals.
+
+THE ATTAINMENT OF SUCCESS.--In the first place, you do want your
+particular matrimonial venture to be a success. Success in one sense is
+getting what you want. You must, however, know exactly what you want.
+Very few people know what they want, but those few are the ones who
+manage to "get there." If you ask a dozen of your friends what their
+plan of life is, what they are working for, what they really want, not
+one of them probably could tell you with any degree of exactness. Most
+people go along in an indefinite way, working from day to day, more or
+less dissatisfied, and with absolutely no feeling of certainty as to
+what the future holds in store for them.
+
+Human effort is an example of energy misdirected and it is the greatest
+potential energy in the universe. Really to want something means that we
+must be willing to sacrifice everything necessary to attain our wish,
+and to concentrate and direct all our efforts in its attainment. To do
+this, we must be efficient, we must be healthy, we must strive day and
+night, and we must want intensely to achieve success.
+
+During the first few weeks of married life the young wife, if she is a
+wise little lady, will take stock. She will begin to think, and she will
+naturally speculate about the future. She will try to determine the
+facts in her particular life that are the important ones so far as the
+attainment of success is concerned. Her material success of course is
+dependent upon the efficiency of her husband. Now, a married man's
+efficiency depends almost entirely on his wife. If a man attains great
+material success, he will acknowledge, if he acknowledges the truth,
+that his wife is deserving of most of the credit. The husbands of most
+good, sensible wives are successful. If a man is, unfortunately, married
+to a woman who is not a helpmeet, who is not a well-balanced wife and
+mother, and achieves success, he does so by reason of his innate
+strength of character and in spite of the unjust drain on his
+efficiency. Most men under these circumstances however lose heart and
+interest and become failures.
+
+The young wife, therefore, will definitely plan in just what way she can
+contribute to her husband's efficiency.
+
+WHAT ARE THE REQUISITES OF EFFICIENCY? GOOD HEALTH.--He must have
+regular meals. The food must be carefully selected and suitable to his
+personal needs according to the character of the work in which he is
+engaged. The food must be properly and thoroughly cooked. If he does not
+understand the science of eating, the wife must educate him. Remember
+his success means your success, his failure, your failure. If you were
+in charge of a highly complicated machine, you would not allow it to be
+ruined by careless misuse. You may have married a healthy animal, but
+animals are tricky and uncertain. He is still your lover and he will do
+anything reasonable for you, if you "go about it in the right spirit and
+in the right way." Be sure you "go about it in the right way." Be
+tactful, be patient, don't nag. Don't tell him of his faults, simply
+note them then determine what you want to accomplish. In a little while,
+he will become enthusiastic and will be telling his friends how to eat,
+and what to eat, and, later, he may try to convince you that he thought
+of the idea first. This is the typical man. You will learn how to manage
+him, and your first success will encourage you--he will be a child in
+your hands--if you only "go about it right." And this applies to
+everything you do that has any relation to domestic peace and happiness
+and final success.
+
+The woman who grasps the meaning of the following truism and determines
+to practice it, is well on her way to happiness and success. "It is the
+man that has a system in both life and business that wins the battles."
+The struggle of life has become so strenuous that most everyone's nerves
+are always near the explosive point,--the man who has a system in life
+has discovered that there is nothing to be gained by being
+disrespectful or discourteous, or by butting rough-shod into the affairs
+or interests of other people; tact, diplomacy, flattery, the
+temperamental capacity to wiggle around the explosive corners of other
+peoples' irascible nerves to gain your point, is "having a system," and
+it wins battles. The young wife who knows how to do this, is so far
+ahead of the army of ordinary young wives, that she need not take time
+to look around to see if the others are gaining ground. They will never
+overtake her.
+
+REST AND SLEEP.--The husband must get enough rest each night, so don't
+drag him away to parties and balls and late suppers. Be a
+philanthropist--give him the care you would give a thoroughbred horse
+with which you hoped to win a big stake. Let him think, however, that
+you are doing it for his sake. To you the prize is a greater stake--it
+means life's failure or success. Remember you are in this fight to win.
+The gratification of whims and fancies during the first year of married
+life leads to the establishment of expensive habits, and may be the one
+factor that will mean failure in the future, when you will wish, with
+all your heart that you had begun differently. The time to sacrifice, to
+work hard, to plan ahead, is when one is young; when hope is strong and
+health is good--not when ambition falters, when age grows weary, when
+efficiency is impossible, and when regrets crowd in on us and failure
+crushes energy and hope and happiness. The struggle of life is a real
+one to every soul born, but it is worth the fight, and the glory of a
+fight won is the greatest human satisfaction this side of the grave. Try
+it, try to win.
+
+ENOUGH EXERCISE.--Be sure your husband is getting enough exercise. If
+his work is desk work, think out some plan to compel him to take the
+exercise every healthy animal requires. Make up your mind definitely
+what is necessary and exactly what it is you want him to do, and then
+begin to work in your own successful way with that object in view. It
+may be systematized gymnastic work he needs. If so, suggest to him the
+advisability of becoming a member of a club or gymnasium, or get two
+sets of exercisers and begin work on them yourself if necessary. Devote
+ten minutes every morning and night to exercise. He will soon follow
+you, and many happy contests you will have and profitable ones too.
+Working together is the secret of domestic peace. Even if this reads
+like slavery or self-immolation, what do you care? You are happy, you
+are working for something, the time will come when you will have
+realized your ambition. Domestic happiness and material success are
+worth all we are asked to pay for them and they are never obtainable on
+the bargain counter.
+
+It may be outdoor exercise he needs, try golf, swimming, baseball,
+tennis, anything to gain your point; and, all the time, remember you are
+leading him by your apron-string because you have discovered the secret
+of "how to go about it."
+
+FREEDOM FROM WORRY.--A man cannot work efficiently and worry at the same
+time. Modern business methods are conducted on such a strenuous basis
+that, to keep "in the ring," a man needs every ounce of reserve he can
+command. Don't imagine your husband is totally free from cares and
+responsibilities just because he is not at business. He may have left
+his office a few minutes earlier than usual to get away from trouble.
+Encourage the system. When a man feels in his heart that there is one
+person in the world to whom he can always turn, and be sure of a loving,
+sympathetic greeting, one who understands and believes in him, one place
+he can always go and feel certain of enjoying peace, and comfort and
+contentment, there is little danger of any friend supplanting the wife,
+or any club or saloon taking the place of home.
+
+DO YOUR PART.--The moment you know your husband is in the house, change
+the expression on your face, smile, even if it pains you, and go to him
+with a familiar word of greeting and give him a kiss. Do this every day
+of your life, unless when you are sick in bed, when he will go to you.
+Establish this habit, and if ever the day comes when he returns from
+work and there is no greeting, no kiss, stop the whole domestic ship,
+regard it as a tragedy. Don't let the first entering wedge of discord
+come into your life. If there is no first quarrel, there will never be a
+second. If you are at fault you had better right matters at once or
+take the consequences. Take our advice. Don't experiment with a man.
+Deep down, every man is a brute. There is a certain elemental devil in
+every male animal. Don't rouse it. You are only a woman. Don't invite a
+quarrel. You will get the worst of it. Keep on the peaceful side of the
+street. It is always a mistake to talk too much. Words are poison when
+silence is golden. You cannot make a mistake by leaving the husband
+alone if he is at fault. Time is a wonderful physician; she will heal
+almost any wound. Your tact, your silence, your seeming fear (in other
+words, your method "of going about it in the right spirit and in the
+right way"), and an opportunity to think it over, will make him ashamed
+of himself. He will want to crawl back into your good graces and the
+lesson will be a long remembered one to him,--if, and this is
+tremendously important--the wife does not glory in her triumph and nag
+him about it. The temptation to err is great and there are few young
+wives who can resist it. Keep silent, however. Don't refer to it and you
+will win more than you know. Blessed is she who can forget what is not
+worth remembering.
+
+You will have averted the first quarrel and, inasmuch as the "first
+quarrel" is an historic event in every married woman's experience, it
+may be worthy of a little further consideration.
+
+THE FIRST QUARREL.--Some women become weak in a crisis and spoil their
+own chances of success, despite the fact that circumstances may have
+been working in their favor. Some women meet a crisis bravely and do
+exactly the right thing at the right time but falter and fail after the
+crisis has passed. Take, for example, the incident we have just
+narrated. When a husband brings into the home a sample of his real self,
+for the first time, it is not really an unexpected event, though it may
+be an unpleasant shock to the young wife; and she must not render it an
+important incident by mismanagement. Nevertheless, it is in itself a
+momentous occasion, and it may prove to be the moment of destiny. The
+spirit of the lover has been the dominant spirit so far, the atmosphere
+of the honeymoon has continued, there has been no friction, no quarrel.
+To-night the husband has carried a business _grouch_ into the home, his
+militant impulses are just below the surface, the slightest unfortunate
+word, the least lack of tact, a failure to "sense" the situation
+correctly, will explode the mine and wreck a dream. Deep down in the
+man's heart he does not want a quarrel but the brute in him will fight
+if the environment invites it. It takes two to quarrel. Silence on the
+part of the wife, therefore, is the only solution of the problem. If the
+first quarrel never takes place the second will never have to be
+dreaded. Silence, no matter what the provocation may be; no matter how
+acute the sense of injustice may be, silence is the only safe way out.
+The husband if left alone, will be ashamed of the situation his lack of
+self-control has created, the lover spirit will conquer the brute. He
+will regret the pain he has caused; he will want to forget and be
+forgiven quickly though he may not go through the formality of an
+apology. A formal apology and reconciliation will, in his judgment,
+dignify the episode and make a mountain out of a molehill. The wife will
+be wise to so regard it though it is an injustice to her. The husband
+will not underestimate the importance of the event, however, and in many
+ways will be a better husband in future, but he does not want to talk
+about it or be talked to regarding it. This is part of the psychology of
+the male, and the successful wife discovers it early and acts
+accordingly.
+
+Having safely piloted your craft through the troubled waters, don't
+prove weak and silly when you reach a safe harbor. When the moment of
+passive reconciliation arrives, when it is necessary to resume the
+domestic routine, don't show the spirit of resentment. Be pleasant,
+don't cry, don't become hysterical. Be strong, ignore the whole affair,
+leave it in the hands of time and forget it. The victory is yours, don't
+lose it.
+
+FAULT FINDING.--At a later date, when, in all probability, the wife will
+be the one whose conduct will incite trouble because of the worries
+incident to her more or less monotonous, domestic existence, much care
+will have to be exercised so that an unwitting fretfulness may not cause
+quarrels. When a man comes home at night tired and hungry, longing for
+peace, and comfort, and pleasant conversation, it is worse than anarchy
+to not only get no greeting, but to note the discontent on his wife's
+face, and to listen to a tirade of fault finding. Your husband has
+troubles of his own. The maid's impudence, the crossness of the baby,
+the noise of the neighbor's children, the toughness of the meat from the
+butcher, do not interest him. He is hungry, he wants to eat, and above
+all, he wants rest and peace. We are considering this subject from the
+economic standpoint. The young wife must recognize that if she is a
+fault finder, if she worries her husband, she interferes with his
+efficiency and jeopardizes the attainment of success,--her own success.
+From a purely selfish standpoint, it is a bad investment.
+
+It may interest many young wives to know, that a number of large
+corporations have recently begun to systematically investigate the
+domestic environment of their employees. If it is found that they are
+not happy, or that they do not enjoy a restful and congenial home life,
+they discharge them. They claim that a man who is worried cannot be
+efficient, and if he is not efficient he is not a dependable individual
+to have in their employ. Some railroads will not allow an engineer to
+drive a passenger train after it is discovered that he is unhappily
+married. The young wife should, therefore, appreciate that she may be
+directly responsible for her husband's efficiency and success. If a
+woman is guilty of conduct that interferes with the earning capacity of
+her husband she is erecting an obstacle to happiness and success that is
+fundamental, permanent and insurmountable. In justice to herself and to
+her husband and to the future she should promptly decide if the
+conditions are such that a change is impossible, and if so she should,
+in order to avert a tragedy, seek a separation.
+
+WORK MUST BE INTERESTING.--No man can exert the highest degree of
+efficiency if he is not interested in his work. This has become a
+business truism. How can the wife aid in this matter? By coöperation, by
+tactful advice, by suggesting new methods, by originating new ideas that
+may open the way to new possibilities.
+
+Even menial work is interesting if we regard it as a stepping-stone to
+something better. It must be done thoroughly, however, to justify this
+hope. Life is a struggle, a struggle in which many are vanquished and
+few survive. Only those few survive who fit most perfectly to their
+environment. If a man is getting proper nourishment and sufficient
+exercise, and is free from worry, if in other words he has vitality, he
+cannot possibly fail to give full value for what he receives. His work
+will at least be satisfactory. If his lack of interest in his work is
+because it does not fully satisfy his ambition, this is a splendid
+opportunity for the tactful and resourceful wife.
+
+It was suggested to an enterprising little wife, whose husband was
+earning a small salary as a bookkeeper, to advise him to study
+stenography and correspondence at the Y. M. C. A. He did so, and is now
+the private secretary of the president of a large corporation, at a
+salary of six thousand dollars per year. His wife encouraged and cajoled
+him during the long winter nights when he studied late. She sacrificed
+herself by giving up all social entertainments and other pleasures. She
+catered to his tastes and comfort, and she talked so entertainingly
+during spare moments of what the future would be when he was a great
+success, that he was simply compelled to make good. She got her reward,
+and the very struggle and effort strengthened their characters,
+broadened their sympathies, and taught them the true meaning of love and
+affection.
+
+Other young wives may achieve similar success if they "go about it
+right." That is the secret. That was the secret of this young wife's
+success. She first knew what she wanted, she then prepared the way by
+tactfully showing her husband how he could increase his efficiency. She
+kept the subject diplomatically before him by directly praising him,
+assuring him that he had the ability, that he would find it easy, that
+he was meant for "higher things." Then she drew word pictures of where
+they would live, the kind of house she would like and the new furniture
+she would buy, and where they would spend their vacations when he was
+earning the salary which she knew he was worth. They began to live in
+this future, it became part of their life, his pride was awakened, he
+would be ashamed to fail, he was whipped to the post and spurred to the
+finish and he won the race, because he had married the right kind of a
+woman. "The right kind of a woman,"--the woman who knows that "the
+marriage vow" does not make a wife, but that comradeship in the bearing
+of the burdens of life does.
+
+THE WIFE'S PART.--Having read the preceding pages some young wives may
+ask if that is really what being married means? If it is all work and
+sacrifice and no pleasure? That is exactly what it means and if there is
+no pleasure in work and sacrifice, then there is no pleasure in married
+life. The young wife who fails to see the significance of this
+interpretation of what has been written has a fundamentally wrong idea
+of what married life means.
+
+A woman who begins her wedded life with less loyal ideals than are
+depicted in the performance of the duties we have enumerated is imposing
+on her husband and is false to herself. She will not attain happiness
+and success. To marry in order to have a good time should be a state's
+prison offence.
+
+Happiness and contentment and success are products of duty well done.
+They are the logical recompense for effort and sacrifice. Individual
+happiness is not the chief object of existence in this life. To work
+efficiently is the supreme obligation. It is naturally to desire
+happiness and to labor for it; but it is absurd to be annoyed and angry
+because we do not find it. Happiness through marriage is never attained
+except by never-ending self-abnegation and effort.
+
+We must struggle or we will degenerate. A correct interpretation of
+racial progress proves this truth. Effort is the supreme law. All good
+things have been given to man at the price of labor.
+
+
+
+
+ADVICE TO YOUNG WIVES
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+
+     "Being forced to work, and forced to do your best, will breed
+     in you temperance, self-control, diligence, strength of will,
+     content, and a hundred virtues which the idle will never know."
+
+                                        CHARLES KINGSLEY.
+
+HOW TO ACHIEVE
+
+     What the Young Wife Owes to Herself--Why Was I Born--What Are
+     the Personal Qualities Necessary to Success--What Are the
+     Personal Qualities Necessary to Happiness--Self-control--What
+     is a Thought--The Evil Habit of Hasty Judgment--The Bad Thought
+     Habit--Training the Mind--Go About it in the Right Way--Be Sure
+     Your Husband's Friends Are Your Friends--Be a Good Fellow--Two
+     Kinds of People in the World--Everything Depends Upon What We
+     Do With Our Mind--The Most Popular Woman--The Gift of
+     Flattery--Choosing Your Friends--True Friendship Expects and
+     Demands Nothing--True Friendship is Necessary--"By Your Friends
+     Shall Ye Be Known"--Making Resolves--The Formula of
+     Success--When Fortune Knocks.
+
+
+WHAT THE YOUNG WIFE OWES TO HERSELF.--If the young wife is making a
+conscientious effort to do her duty, there are certain things she owes
+to herself, to her husband, to her unborn children. She too must
+preserve her health, her efficiency. In guarding the health and
+contributing to the efficiency of her husband, she will have done much
+in this direction. She will, however, have many spare moments at her
+disposal. We have already remarked that these are the moments of
+destiny. In the coming years she will look back upon these moments with
+real pride, or regret, according to how she spent, or misspent them. Let
+us begin all over again, with renewed interest and enthusiasm, and try
+to understand just what is meant by this.
+
+Every human being asks himself, or herself, at some time in life, the
+questions, "Why was I born? For what purpose was I created and put upon
+this earth? Is there any real object or purpose in living, except to
+pass the time from day to day, and year to year?" To most, the reply is
+perplexing,--and not at all satisfactory. All great minds who have
+deeply studied this problem, unanimously agree that there is a purpose
+in life. We are not a thing apart,--an isolated entity. We are part of
+the living whole; every thought, every deed, every spoken word, every
+sentiment, every passion, every prayer, is inter-related with every
+other thought, deed, word, sentiment, passion and prayer of every other
+living thing in all eternity. We have an ideal to maintain, and if we
+are untrue or fail, we interrupt, we desecrate the everlasting scheme of
+the universe. We will therefore be held responsible for our manner of
+living,--for the sum total of our existence. We have a purpose to
+fulfill, a responsibility to sustain. If we are false to that purpose,
+and fail in our responsibilities, we rob the world of the help we should
+bestow, and, in a far larger measure, we deprive ourselves of benefits
+and pleasures, every moment of our lives, greater than we can conceive.
+
+The world is many centuries old, and many millions of human beings have
+lived and died during that time. A certain percentage of these men and
+women lived lives which bettered the world. They left a thought which
+will live through all the ages. They proved the truth of some basic
+unchanging principle. They drew the attention of mankind to the reality
+of a certain immutable fact. These truths, these principles, these
+facts, have all been tested, and they have been found to be everlasting.
+In other words, we find there are certain truths, certain principles,
+certain facts, that every living thing must obey, must subscribe to,
+must live up to or perish. Every thought, every deed, every movement, of
+every living thing, is regulated by unalterable laws which govern our
+lives and to which we must conform or pay the penalty in failure. Human
+nature is God's riddle!
+
+WHAT ARE THE PERSONAL QUALITIES THAT EXPERIENCE HAS SHOWN TO BE
+NECESSARY IN THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS AND SUCCESS?--Experience has
+taught us that certain personal qualifications are essential to the
+attainment of success and happiness. We must, for example, be master of
+ourselves. We must have acquired the art of self-control. Self-control
+is an evidence of a high intelligence. There are many gradations of
+mental progress before complete self-control is reached. Complete
+self-mastery in matrimonial conflicts is a long and difficult
+acquisition. Probably it is fully acquired in the fewest possible cases.
+The one who acquires self-control, who gives in during the adaptative
+period of which we have written, is not the weaker. The young wife
+should always keep in mind that the underlying principle to be
+vigorously adhered to in the home, is justice. There will arise many
+occasions that will severely test your disposition and your patience,
+but, if you have yourself well in hand, if you understand yourself, you
+will emerge from the conflict successfully and as a consequence a little
+stronger. When we acquire the determination to efface self in these
+domestic squabbles we begin the building of a character.
+
+WHAT IS A THOUGHT?--The greatest product of creative inspiration is the
+human brain. The very fact that each human being possesses one of these
+marvelous products implies responsibility, the responsibility of what we
+will do with it. A thought is a creation of brain or mind activity. It
+may be a bad or evil thought or it may be a good thought. Let us now go
+back to the young wife just as she is about to begin the hour or so of
+recreation in the afternoon. Her work being done for the time, let us
+suppose she elects to do a little fancy needle work. She finds a
+comfortable seat and is soon apparently engrossed in her work. Is she?
+Doubtless she is, and a very commendable, harmless, inviting picture she
+presents, but a thousand thoughts are passing through her mind. It is
+not the sewing that she does, that will be weighed in the balance, it is
+not the patient stitch, stitch, stitch, that she takes, that will mark
+the hour well spent. It is the one thought that will predominate over
+all the others, that will tell the ultimate tale, because of its effect
+on her own mind. A thought once created, even if it is never expressed,
+is as much a created entity as a deed executed.
+
+Suppose this young wife attended a social gathering in some friend's
+house the evening before, and for some trifling reason she formed an
+unfavorable impression of another lady guest; during the hour of her
+sewing, which we are discussing, she goes over in her mind all the
+incidents of the gathering, and because of the previous impression, she
+still thinks unkindly of the lady in question. She passes judgment upon
+her in her own mind. What has she really done? She has created a thought
+an opinion, which now becomes a part of her mind, because it is recorded
+in her brain cells forever, and, inasmuch as she was not justified in
+passing judgment upon a person's character in this hasty way, she harmed
+herself by establishing a bad habit,--a habit of hasty judgment,--which
+will have an effect on her method of judgment as long as she lives. The
+evil effect may not end here,--it seldom does. A chance remark,--still
+the product of the hasty opinion,--made to some other woman regarding
+this lady, will give this other woman an unfavorable impression of the
+person, and if you could trace all the little gradations of the first
+unjust opinion, through all the stages of a gossiping community, you
+would be astonished at the growth, and the evil accomplished by the
+thought, born amidst the apparently innocent and commendable
+surroundings of an hour's sewing. If you educate your mind to create bad
+thoughts you will become a victim of the habit. Each bad thought makes
+the creation of another bad thought more easy, because a bad habit is,
+as we all know, a difficult thing to live down. Therefore a bad thought
+unexpressed does harm only to the individual who creates the thought. If
+the bad thought is expressed to another party, it is impossible to tell
+or estimate the harm it may do. Life is what we make it. If we get into
+the habit of thinking unjust, unkind, selfish, bad thoughts, we live in
+that atmosphere. Your whole life will be a reflection of your mental
+attitude. If you feed your mind on such food how can you hope to grow
+into a contented, happy woman? Let us not dwell upon the dark side.
+There is another picture, one more inviting, more difficult to realize,
+it is true, but more perfect as a consequence.
+
+TRAINING THE MIND.--There never was a time in the history of the world
+when so many people were striving after definite knowledge,--some scheme
+of mentality, some mental atmosphere,--some spiritual or idealistic
+phenomena,--which would satisfy the craving, the hunger of the restless
+and dissatisfied human mind for absolute enlightenment regarding the
+mysteries of life. It is a curious fact that to attain such knowledge,
+all these various bodies, no matter how they may differ as to the method
+of procedure, concede that the education of the human mind and the
+recognition of its exact capabilities is the ultimate province through
+which final enlightenment must come.
+
+We must, therefore, recognize that on whatever we do with our mind, in
+our own little way, will depend the measure of success and happiness to
+which we may aspire. Success is not attained without effort, but every
+little effort we expend will help wonderfully in the task. Train your
+mind to think just, kind, good thoughts. Do not dwell upon the bad side
+of any problem, search for the good side, because every problem has a
+good side. So also has every human soul. When the unkind, the unjust,
+the bad thought is conveyed to you by another, do not admit it, do not
+dwell upon it, render it negative at once by assuring yourself that
+there is another side to the question. We all know how easy it is to
+kick the under dog. We all have in mind some friend, some acquaintance,
+some old lady, perhaps, who is famous in her community for her kindly
+ways, and for her kindly thoughts. The two go together. It is well known
+among her friends that she will not tolerate any unkind, unjust, evil
+report, of even the humblest or lowest member of society to be expressed
+in her presence, without instantly defending the maligned victim, by
+picturing the possible other side. Her life has been an example, an
+inspiration in the community, because she has always exerted a kindly,
+sympathetic, helpful influence. It is this atmosphere, this environment,
+that checks gossip, stifles scandal, saves heartaches, and prevents
+domestic tragedies.
+
+The most interesting study you will ever engage in, if you are true to
+yourself, will be the working of your own mind.
+
+The resourcefulness of your brain will be a constant pleasure to you.
+You will be aided by books and you will find a lesson in every thing you
+see and hear. Life will appear different, and you will rise above the
+plane in which the little routine annoyances of daily life seem burdens
+and sorrows. A woman, if she goes about it "in the right way," can do
+with her lover-husband what she pleases. If she uses that power for
+selfish motives, or for a wrong purpose, in the end she will be the
+loser. If she is far seeing, and uses her power to build up a home, and
+is just, and respects her husband, and honestly gives him his true place
+in her scheme, and loves and honors him, and is tactful, there is no
+limit to what she may accomplish, so far as the personal happiness of
+herself and husband and children are concerned. We all know that law is
+not always justice. We likewise know that there is no such anomaly as a
+perfect human being. The ability to gain a point, without apparent
+coercion, or a sacrifice of truth or honor, depends upon the successful
+qualities that go toward the building up of a complete and harmonious
+personality. It is an axiom in psychology that to attain the highest
+success, one must first understand, and, understanding, conquer the bad,
+and develop the good features in one's own temperament, before
+attempting to rule the conduct of any other person. You must understand
+yourself before you attempt to understand your husband. Many of his best
+qualities,--qualities that if rightly understood, will go a long way
+toward making your life a happy one,--can be misunderstood,
+misinterpreted, and become incessant factors for doubt, jealousy and
+quarreling.
+
+Because your husband prefers to do a thing in a way that does not quite
+satisfy your taste, does not necessarily mean that he is wrong, and such
+a condition does not justify an argument. Consider the matter seriously,
+in silence argue it out with yourself and give his side the same justice
+you hope to get. If you can develop convincing proofs, that his way is
+not the best way, even though it isn't really wrong ethically, he will
+probably concede the point, provided,--and don't overlook this,--you "go
+about it in the right way, and in the right spirit." It isn't likely you
+will be given a patient hearing, if in the past you have been in the
+habit of nagging and browbeating him. Don't look upon tactful ways of
+gaining your point as evidence of weakness. It is distinctly an evidence
+of strength of character, and, each time you win a point in a friendly
+debate with your husband, you will have gained much. He will respect you
+all the more because of your justice; and will secretly admire you
+because of your ability to protect yourself. You will gain confidence in
+your judgment, and you will see things in a broader, and from a less
+selfish standpoint.
+
+YOUR HUSBAND'S FRIENDS SHOULD BE YOUR FRIENDS.--Be sure your husband's
+friends are your friends. Business or professional exigencies do not
+always permit a man to choose or select his acquaintances. You can be
+sure, however, he will not ask or expect you to associate with any
+doubtful person, though it may be necessary to extend a welcome to an
+undesirable business, or professional associate, for the time being.
+When these occasions occur, do not mar the opportunity to help by any
+exhibition of temper, or dissatisfaction. He may be trying to make the
+best of an unfortunate incident. Help him. Do not discourage him for at
+heart his object is to gain some business advantage that will redound to
+your advantage as well as his own.
+
+Nothing pleases a man more than to know that his wife is "a good
+fellow," that no matter what seems to be questionable on the surface, he
+can rely upon her to know that everything is right underneath,--that his
+motive is good.
+
+Do not invite him to tell a lie in order to avoid a scolding. Nothing is
+more unfortunate, nothing is more easy for an ordinarily good, but
+misunderstood man, than the tendency to fib about little things, if he
+feels in his heart that his wife will scold,--that she will fail to see
+the point. It wounds his self-respect to have to do so, yet he selects
+the minor evil as he sees it, he sacrifices his manhood in the interests
+of domestic peace.
+
+TWO KINDS OF PEOPLE IN THE WORLD.--Roughly, there are two kinds of
+individuals in the world, the individual who will, and the individual
+who will not. There are individuals who will not see the truth, who
+fail to see the point in an argument, who are obtuse and obstinate. This
+trait is largely wilful perversity and ignorance. We cannot help noting
+them in the passing, but we scarcely hope to interest them, though we
+cannot restrain our sympathy.
+
+Young wives who come within this category will remain the laggards, the
+degenerates. Their evolution is revolution, they become the
+fault-finders, the discontents, the gossips. They do not love themselves
+nor are they loved by any human being. They are the domestic failures.
+As wives they dishonor the sex, as mothers they dishonor God.
+
+In reality, there is but one thing in the universe--mind. By "mind," we
+mean the ability to reason. Every human being comes into the world with
+this ability. Our health, happiness, efficiency, success, depends
+absolutely upon how we utilize this birthright. There is no limitation
+to this ability. Heredity and environment have little to do with it. It
+is a personal equation. "It depends upon how you do it," has been
+frequently reiterated in the preceding pages. This implies, to what use
+you put your mind, and this is the secret of the young wife's efficiency
+and success. True happiness is a mind product. It is a creation of mind
+activity. The evanescent pleasures are not character builders, but a
+created thought is a pregnant possibility. The young wife who begins her
+wedded life with ideals with the determination to succeed, with certain
+well thought out plans, will progress. Her world is her husband and her
+home. Her husband must succeed, her home must be comfortable and happy.
+She must contribute her full share in achieving these results. If she
+permits her personal amusement to be the dominant purpose she will fail.
+She cannot transgress the law and remain immune. How can she begin
+right? Give her best to her home. A woman who gives her most gracious
+smiles and her most captivating manners to society, is false to her
+husband and her home. The prettiest gown and the brightest jewels should
+grace her own dinner table. To bring them out only to attend a
+reception, or a tea party, is a desecration. Many women expend their
+moral and spiritual strength upon the "club," and bring the withering
+remnants as a sacrifice to the blighted home fireside. We have no right
+to help build a church, or foster a philanthropy by depleting our
+strength and resources in the effort, only to give the frazzled ends of
+our talents to home and home-making. Nor has a woman any right to
+exhaust her strength in the toil of mere housekeeping, and reserve for
+the evening hour of conversation a bundle of quivering nerves and an
+exasperated temper. These women are not home-makers. Their ideal of
+wifehood and motherhood is fundamentally wrong. Every power of the body,
+and of the mind and spirit, should be devoted to the achievement of a
+home atmosphere. It is the creation of this quality that spells
+contentment, peace, happiness, and no other.
+
+A young wife with an ideal, with a definite plan, and with a true
+appreciation of her dignity and importance, will never find time to
+daily gossip over the back fence with her neighbor, nor will she join
+the sewing circle whose function is well known to be scandal bartering.
+"Give your best to your home,"--one of the great advantages of having a
+specific plan is that it wholly engages our mind. If we have an object
+in view, if we want something, it implies interest, and if we are
+interested deeply in something we think about it. Every spare moment
+will be used by the mind in devising ways and means to achieve our
+purpose. We will not find time to seek the questionable amusement of
+gossip. The women who are eternally poking their noses into other
+people's business, who burden their minds with other people's affairs,
+who are busybodies, always neglect their homes and their children. They
+have no ideals, they are the derelicts of the community. Remember that
+"Satan finds some mischief still for idle minds to do."
+
+THE MOST POPULAR WOMAN.--The most popular woman is the one whom a
+majority of all women would vote for in a popularity contest. Many women
+are so notoriously vixenish and jealous of members of their own sex,
+that, it would seem to be worth while to analyze the qualifications of
+the most popular woman, in an effort to discover the one quality which
+appeals to her own sex. After exhausting the list, we find the most
+popular woman possesses, in a high degree, the quality of tactful, or
+diplomatic flattery. The art of flattery is an acquired habit. Statesmen
+and politicians know its value. Even the little seekers after public
+office cultivate it assiduously. It is undoubtedly an asset of much
+value in every sphere of life, but it must not be overdone. Every member
+of the human-family will tolerate a large amount of it without showing
+resentment. This is the reason why it is a valuable asset and of such
+general usefulness. Sometimes a woman will boast that she detests
+flattery, yet she is highly pleased when you tell her that the one
+quality you admire in her is that she cannot be flattered. If,
+therefore, the young wife desires to become popular, for her own sake,
+or if she regards this as one way to contribute to her husband's
+efficiency, should his success depend upon public approval,--she may
+cultivate the art of diplomatic flattery. The cultivation of any art is
+not a one-sided accomplishment. It is beneficial in many ways, and aids
+distinctly in character building. No one, for example, can acquire the
+art of tactful flattery and retain a sour or mean disposition. To
+flatter efficiently you must seem delighted, and the delight must
+express itself in smiles and kindly words. These habits will impress
+themselves upon your inner consciousness, and before you know it, the
+habit will be a constituent part of your temperamental armamentarium.
+
+The most popular woman will acquire the habit of making some flattering
+observation every time anyone's name is mentioned, and she will never be
+guilty of criticising a living person or a dead one. She will make it
+her rule in life, in order to sustain her reputation, never to make an
+enemy. She will cultivate the insinuating art of shaking hands, of
+smiling sweetly, and of making apropos remarks. No one will ever leave
+her without feeling that she is an exceedingly gracious person. She will
+even convey to them, in her inimitable way, the impression that she
+thinks they are "just right." She will use "blarney" as a science in an
+artful way. The flattering remarks she will make regarding others will
+be passed along by those to whom she makes them, and she will be
+responsible for an epidemic of egoism all over town. It is a wonderful
+art.
+
+If the young wife keeps this up for some time she will begin to notice
+certain things. She will be accorded much flattering attention herself
+and she will be treated with marked consideration wherever she goes. She
+will be received cordially, and every aspiring other woman will make
+strenuous efforts to include her among her friends. She will be invited
+to participate in public functions when members of her sex take part,
+and she will be favored and her interests furthered in all social
+organizations.
+
+She will, without doubt, wear her laurels becomingly, and her success
+will be easily acquired. Her spirits, and her health will promptly
+respond to the elixir of her interesting labors. Life will be full of
+new and surprising interests and it will be well worth the effort
+expended. Sleep will be more refreshing, she will not be troubled with
+nerves, and her appetite will be a source of profound thankfulness to
+her. She will radiate a quality of good-fellowship that will be
+infectious, and her whole philosophy of existence will be charity
+itself. Surely it is worth while.
+
+CHOOSING YOUR FRIENDS.--The young wife should choose her friends with
+caution. Remember you are beginning a new life in which even trivial
+matters may exercise an influence that will be bad. One should
+appreciate the difference between true friendship and indulging in
+friendly relationship with promiscuous acquaintances. A physician has a
+better opportunity of observing the conduct of the feminine element of a
+community than any other person. We have come to divide young wives into
+two types: those who attend strictly to their own affairs, and those who
+mostly attend to their neighbors' affairs. It is not too much to say
+that a young wife's time will be wholly occupied if she has begun her
+housekeeping career with the intention of becoming a home-maker. She
+cannot, therefore, afford to waste her time with promiscuous
+acquaintances. Women who become promiscuous in their friendships have
+time to waste for a number of reasons,--
+
+1st. Their husband and home is not their whole existence. If success and
+happiness depend upon how the first year of wedded life is employed,
+then husband and home should be the young wife's whole existence.
+
+2nd. Women with time to waste have no ideals. Women without ideals are
+not home-makers. A home-maker cannot acquire any information from a
+woman who wastes her time in idleness.
+
+3rd. Idleness creates mischief. One who is idle is a mischief maker. An
+idle brain is looking for amusement, and as the impulses of an idle
+brain are evil, these women are gossips, and scandal-mongers, and
+home-breakers.
+
+4th. True friendship demands nothing. Promiscuous friendship on the
+other hand does demand something, and as these women live in the evil
+atmosphere, they live mentally on scandal and gossip. This is their
+mental plane and they give and take nothing higher than that which they
+understand.
+
+The young wife will, therefore, be wary of this form of friendship.
+Infinite harm is being done in every community in the country in this
+way. No home, no person is too sacred for the vituperative tongues of
+these scandal-mongers. They are densely ignorant though they may be
+fluent talkers. They ingratiate themselves into the confidence of a
+willing victim, learn the victim's secrets, and rend her to pieces on
+the next street corner. Many a man has begun wedded life with the
+laudable intention of helping to mold his young wife's mentality, of
+preserving her innocence and purity of thought, only to be undone by the
+evil machinations of these human derelicts. He will be amazed and
+astonished at the opinions she gives utterance to, and if he does not
+find out where she is getting them, and check the desecration going on,
+she will be beyond his reach in the very near future. No self-respecting
+woman will tolerate such acquaintances. There are, however, many
+innocent, pure women, who are innately too gentle to assert themselves
+by insulting another woman at this stage of their experience, who have
+the makings of a good wife and mother, who wittingly become victims by
+reason of their very gentleness, and consequently lose their ideals, and
+drift into failures.
+
+True friendship is necessary. Many men and women rightly attribute their
+whole success and happiness to having had the right kind of a friend or
+friends. Charles Kingsley when asked by Mrs. Browning to tell her the
+secret of his life, said, "I had a friend," A friendship that is not an
+inspiration, an incentive to higher thoughts and nobler deeds, is not
+true. "True friendship demands nothing." It gives. We should cultivate
+the friendship of those who know more than we do, so that we may learn
+and profit by the relationship. Some people radiate sympathy and
+helpfulness and inspiration. Instinctively we can tell those people when
+we come into their presence. We leave them, not once, but always, with
+the feeling that there is something about them that energizes and
+inspires. They draw out our better selves. We are conscious of our
+shortcomings and faults, and in their company we strive to give
+utterance to worthy thoughts. We feel capable of great deeds. If we
+could surround ourselves with these friends, we feel that life would
+mean more, and that we could accomplish much. "He that walketh with wise
+men shall be wise." This is where true friendship is valuable. These
+moments of inspiration help us to pull ourselves together. We climb a
+little higher; we see further and clearer; we learn the meaning of
+life's duty; they change the whole complexion of living. The little
+things, the annoyances, the disappointments, the failures, the pains,
+the sorrows, the passions, we see in their true perspective and they no
+longer usurp importance, because we are beginning to learn the
+significance of the things beyond. The incidents of life are no longer
+life itself.
+
+One friend, one true friend to the young wife, will indeed be a tower of
+strength to her. Every young wife needs a friend. The desire for
+sympathy dwells in every human heart. Even the assiduous person needs
+encouragement and a little praise. It is wonderful how a mite of
+laudation will prod us to be more worthy. Even our joys never
+intoxicate save in the telling. By sharing our happiness and joys with
+another we double them. True friendship means confidence, affection,
+harmony, love. To be in harmony with one person means that we invite the
+harmony of all mankind.
+
+If man is made in the image of God every human being must be more or
+less divine. Confidence, affection, harmony, love,--the attributes of
+true friendship,--are the divine sparks in our humanity. True
+friendship, therefore, is growth in the divine sense. There are real
+things in life which we seldom acknowledge but which are, nevertheless,
+real. We do not often admit the existence of the divine in ourselves,
+but it is there. If we did acknowledge it oftener we would live nearer
+the truth, nearer God.
+
+When we read in the public press the story of the _Titanic_ disaster,
+how after all the boats had gone, and the ill-fated ship poised, before
+she took her awful plunge, how the doomed souls stood on her decks and
+lifted their trembling voices in unison with the brave orchestra to the
+strain of "Nearer My God to Thee,"--something clutches at our
+heartstrings, and we find the divine reality trying to come to the
+surface to express itself in that universal friendship out of which
+heroes are made. When we stand by the bedside, watching the fitful,
+final breaths of a well-loved child, or of an old, honored and faithful
+mother, there creeps into our consciousness feelings with which we are
+strangers, but they are ours, part of the divinity in us which in the
+work-a-day-world we stifle and crush. Friendship and no other human
+quality brings this divine element into our actual life. Those who have
+never had a friend have never solved the riddle of human nature.
+
+We must remember, however, that there are those whose lives are denials
+of this divinity. They are incapable of true friendship, and they, in
+prosperous days, deride the sentiment involved and consider any
+reference to such matters as silly and mawkish. These blustering heroes,
+however, are the ones who shriek the loudest when fate places them on
+sinking decks.
+
+Strive to be worthy of a true friendship. Be willing to give of the best
+that is in you. We need the inspiration of the divine that is hidden in
+us, we should not crush or fail to acknowledge the presence of the
+still, small voice that speaks of love and for love. Remember, that, "By
+your friends shall ye be known."
+
+
+EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS
+
+Used in the Following Three Illustrations
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A     Alcoholic--meaning decidedly intemperate, a drunkard.
+B     Blind             I    Insane        Sy   Syphilitic
+C     Criminalistic     M    Migrainous    Sx   Sexually immoral
+D     Deaf              Neu. Neurotic      T    Tuberculosis
+E     Epileptic         Par. Paralytic     W    Wanderer, tramp
+G     Goitre
+
+
+HEREDITARY FEEBLE-MINDEDNESS[A]
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The above chart illustrates the first great law of hereditary
+feeble-mindedness; that if both parents are blighted all offsprings will
+be blighted. The family represented is plainly very low grade. It is one
+of that kind found in every community, growing like rank weeds to menace
+society. It is small wonder that with production like this permitted
+criminality springs full-fledged into the world.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This chart is particularly interesting, showing as it does the marriage
+of a normal man with, first a normal woman, and subsequently with
+feeble-minded women. The taint of the feeble mind is inevitable. Whereas
+the grandchildren by his second marriage appear normal there is always
+the danger of their progeny being blighted by the taint that is in their
+blood. The horror of the third marriage is too evident.
+
+[Footnote A: "Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences," Goddard,
+The Macmillan Company.]
+
+MAKING RESOLVES.--In a preceding chapter I remarked, that every human
+thought, deed, act, prayer, etc., must conform to certain laws, if by
+their use we desired to achieve results. We know this is true, but we do
+not always obey the rule, and in the end we wonder why we are failures.
+
+Psychology has formulated laws, based upon actual experiment, regulating
+every department of mental endeavor, or every branch of systematized
+mental achievement. These laws show that there are fixed rules, by which
+mental effort is regulated, systematized and classified, and that the
+human mind conforms to these laws even when working in ignorance of
+them. No matter how we may deduce facts, or reason from analogy, we obey
+fundamental principles.
+
+In a recent magazine article I read the following:
+
+     "This is my own story of why and how I rose, fell and rose
+     again. It would not be told but for the fact that I have
+     learned by an Experience mixed with some bitterness, that all
+     such things are governed by fixed business laws and rules and
+     move always in obedience to them. There is as I know, a law of
+     failure and a law of success. There is even a law of
+     mediocrity. Every man is controlled by that one of these three
+     laws which he elects to invoke and to follow."
+
+     "The laws themselves are fixed and unchanging; man is the only
+     variable unit in the equation. He succeeds, he fails or he
+     slumps into mediocrity according to the law with which he
+     voluntarily or by predisposition puts himself in harmony. This
+     is my belief, based on my own adventures with these laws and my
+     observation of other men who have dined and lived with them on
+     intimate, though not always friendly, terms."
+
+This was written by a successful business man in an article reviewing
+the "ups and downs" of his business experiences. It does one good to
+read such confessions. To the thinking individual it suggests the need
+of serious, whole-souled, conscientious effort. If these laws exist,--as
+they most certainly do,--what is the use of trying to achieve results
+in a wrong way? Why not conform to these laws and concentrate our effort
+in the right direction? A prodigious amount of energy is wasted in
+efforts to beat the game. One may scheme and contrive until all ambition
+withers and hope fades, but no one will ever find a satisfactory
+substitute for hard work. Many lives have been frittered away in the
+foolish attempt to find the "easy road." It is doing the little things
+of life conscientiously that counts. The humble hen does one thing well.
+She lays eggs to the extent of three hundred million dollars per year,
+in this country alone. If we combine her egg yield with her chicken
+industry we find her harvest yields the enormous sum of six hundred and
+twenty million dollars per year.
+
+We are precisely what we deserve to be: we fit for what we are fitted
+for. Weaklings are sent to the rear, fighters are always in front.
+
+The young wife may resolve to win; it depends upon how she begins to
+mold herself for larger possibilities. If she cannot succeed in small
+things she will not fit when the task is bigger. Suppose you resolve to
+be considerate and agreeable to every soul you meet for one month. For
+one month you will subject yourself to a rigid test, you will be
+considerate and agreeable, no matter what the conditions are or the
+provocation may be to break your word.
+
+It is a fact that most failures are directly attributable to laziness
+rather than to lack of ability or poor health, or any other cause. It is
+the most difficult thing in the world for some people to exert
+themselves to "make the effort" to succeed. They just do enough to "hold
+their job" or to earn a living, though the possibilities around them are
+rich in promise. Many know what they ought to do, but they don't seem to
+be able to do it. Their ambition is lacking; they elect to travel the
+road to failure.
+
+If the young wife resolves to be considerate and agreeable for one
+month, she is the right kind of young wife. The right impulse is working
+within her. The very fact that she makes the resolve proves this. Most
+people are influenced by two motives, necessity and pleasure. They work
+because they have to work to exist. But a great deal of the work is
+indifferently done. The woman who skims over her household duties in a
+disinterested and frequently slovenly way, will spend much thought and a
+great amount of time to excel in appearance and in attaining results at
+a church fair, for example; or she will work assiduously sewing every
+afternoon and evening on dresses, etc., to shine during a two weeks'
+vacation at the sea shore, while her husband is being indifferently fed
+and her home all but neglected. To attain pleasure one will actually
+work efficiently though the method and the motive may be ethically
+wrong. So, when a young wife actually resolves to do something which has
+a high moral significance and which she is not compelled to do she is
+being actuated by the right kind of principle, she is following the law
+or instinct of success.
+
+THE FORMULA OF SUCCESS.--Successful men and women are frequently asked
+to give their formula of success. There is no formula of success except
+hard work. Every successful man or woman is a hard worker. There is no
+exception to this rule. We often personally know of men or women who
+"rise in the world" and sometimes we look upon them as lucky dogs, and
+wonder why fortune does not favor us. If we analyze the daily life of
+these seemingly lucky individuals we will find that they plan and work
+and scheme while you and I play and amuse ourselves. They have a certain
+system which they adhere to under all circumstances. They have worked
+hard so long that it has become a habit,--a habit that brings happiness
+and success. All of them have had their ups and downs, their worries and
+battles, but they have faced them in the front ranks, they have never
+become discouraged, they have been inspired and impelled by the
+conviction that some day the tide of battle would change. On that day
+they were determined to be ready and willing to take advantage of the
+turn of the wheel of fortune.
+
+Study the work of the next successful man or woman you meet, and see if
+the rule does not hold true. It isn't the kind of energy that is
+generated that makes the distinction between success and failure: it is
+the way in which the energy is used. To win means concentration of
+energy; let the energy be dissipated over many things and failure
+becomes a certainty. There isn't a really successful man or woman in
+existence who does not deserve success, and who has not worked hard for
+it.
+
+Success, fame, and the efforts of friends may not give us the happiness
+which we yearn for, but there is one thing that will always steer us
+safely into port--one thing that will bring us the blessing of happiness
+though all things else fail us--and that is hard work.
+
+WHEN FORTUNE KNOCKS.--Fortune is said to knock at the door of every man
+once in a lifetime. That once is all the time, for the truth is that
+fortune is knocking at our doors every day. The trouble is that we are
+not prepared to take advantage of her importuning habits. Fortune has
+her laws, and we cannot enter her chariot except by obeying these laws.
+The young wife who resolves to be considerate and agreeable for one
+month is obeying one of her laws, because, if she keeps her promise, she
+will have learnt more than she ever did in any preceding month of her
+experience. She will find, for example, that people are really more
+amiable and agreeable than she ever thought they were; that, because of
+the restraint she is exerting on her temper and self-control, she is
+growing stronger temperamentally. She has more patience, and she is more
+thorough in little things; her environment is enlarging and life is more
+interesting. The month's experience will teach her something of her own
+capabilities and resources, and she will be so interested and encouraged
+that she will determine to experiment more and in other directions. She
+is experiencing the psychology of character building--the most
+fascinating study of that most fascinating riddle, human nature. Fortune
+always favors the brave--it will favor her because she is working in the
+right direction--she is obeying the law of success.
+
+To resolve is to obey--to know what you want, to desire to succeed, to
+be willing to sacrifice self, to attain results, to smile at adversity,
+to be patient, truthful, honest, unselfish, sympathetic, in short to
+work hard every minute and all the time.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+     "Habit is a cable: we weave a thread of it each day, and it
+     becomes so strong we cannot break it."
+
+                                        HORACE MANN.
+
+SPARE MOMENTS
+
+     The Study Habit--The Germ of Self-culture--Millions of Tiny
+     Cells in Our Brain--The Economic Value of the Study Habit--Two
+     Ways of Gaining Knowledge--Happiness in the Company of Those
+     Striving for Higher Ideals--A Young Wife's Incentive to
+     Self-culture--The Difference Between Moral and Mental
+     Disloyalty--The Study Habit Creates Its Own
+     Interest--Nosophobia, or the Dread of Disease--Keep Still and
+     Be Well.
+
+
+THE STUDY HABIT.--Every individual differs from every other individual
+according to his habits. The nature of our habits fixes our status in
+the struggle of life. If we get into the habit of thinking evil
+thoughts, we live in that atmosphere. Health is a habit, so also is
+success. Honesty, virtue, vice, procrastination, contentment,
+fault-finding, grumbling, candy eating, gossiping, drinking, sleeping,
+religion, friends, life itself, are habits. Life is what we make it. "As
+the man thinketh in his heart, so he is." Some habits are good, others
+are bad. Certain habits are constructive, others are destructive. If we
+get into the habit of doing our work thoroughly and regularly, according
+to some definite system, we encourage the habits of contentment,
+calmness, efficiency, and happiness. If we do our work spasmodically,
+irregularly, without system, if we gossip between times, we are
+eternally trying to catch up, so we encourage the habits of
+procrastination, discontent, inefficiency, fault-finding, and failure.
+We must be master or victim of our habits. We must succeed, or we must
+fail. The immutable law of life permits of no standing still. We are
+either progressing or we are retrogressing. One of the best habits, if
+not the very best, that the young wife can cultivate in her new home is
+the study habit. It is eminently a constructive habit.
+
+The germ of self-culture is latent in every healthy mind. It is an
+exceedingly virile microbe. It may begin as a fad but intrinsically it
+grows as a virtue. Environment may give it birth but its roots may not
+be circumscribed. They seek nourishment from every far and near spring
+and well, and its branches spread out to the north and south, and east
+and west, and its leaves suck into its heart, health and strength and
+color and fragrance, from the everlasting sun.
+
+In our brain are millions of tiny cells. Each cell is capable of a
+single thought. When we begin as children, we learn letters first, then
+words, then sentences or thoughts. In due time we have a sufficient
+number of cells, each with its photographed letter or word or thought.
+From this stock we reason and think and plan. These are the letters and
+words and thoughts of ordinary life. We have millions of cells left, and
+the brain is a tireless, ceaseless worker. If we keep on feeding it more
+letters, more words, more thoughts, it is satisfied, but if we stop, if
+we stagnate, it keeps on working, but it can only use the words and
+thoughts we have given it. Ceaselessly it rearranges these words in its
+effort to live. We are feeding it nothing, its circulation becomes poor,
+its vitality weak. Some day it arranges its limited number of words into
+a new thought, a bad thought, our idle mind grasps the significance of
+the new thought, and we give birth to a new piece of scandal, or we
+commit a crime. The brain is pleased, because the execution of the new
+bad impulse brought more blood, more vitality to it, and it gets the
+habit of thinking bad thoughts and conveying evil impulses. They were
+the product of idleness of mind. And as a matter of statistical fact,
+all tragedies, crimes, vices, scandal, gossip and misery are direct
+products of mental inertness or idleness.
+
+The minds of the grumbler, the gossip, the thief, the criminal, are
+poor, empty, starved, wayward minds, and their brains are small, poorly
+nourished, sickly brains. The young wife with a moment of leisure who
+has a starved, empty mind, is a victim of her passions, her
+surroundings and her ungoverned impulses. The young wife whose brain is
+being fed by the study habit, is self-contained, is master of her
+impulses and her passions. The mental latitude of one is limited to
+caprice, envy, discontent, hate and jealousy; the other is
+light-hearted, charitable, just, contented, and happy.
+
+Shut the two in a dungeon and the owner of the starved, empty brain will
+go mad. The other will find hope in her heart, and in her brain, the
+children of her thoughts will troop in, bringing solace and cheer and
+courage.
+
+From a practical standpoint the study habit has an economic value. It
+preserves health and peace of mind, it enhances efficiency, it broadens
+our sympathies and charities, and it unifies the home circle. It is an
+easy habit to acquire, and it sustains its interest: it is inexpensive.
+The Carnegie libraries, correspondence schools, the university extension
+plan of lectures, etc., contribute in a large measure to its easy
+acquirement, and to the success with which it may be pursued.
+
+TWO WAYS OF GAINING KNOWLEDGE.--We gain knowledge in two ways. First, by
+experience, which means mingling with people, exchanging ideas,
+discussing topics, listening to lectures, sermons, talks, etc. Second,
+by reading and studying. We must read and study in order to really
+understand and assimilate what we learn from experience, and what we
+hear discussed in lectures, sermons and talks. As soon as we become
+interested in a study we begin to rise above what we may call the
+everyday plane. We desire to know more, and when we know a good deal
+about one subject, we want to know something about kindred subjects, so
+we extend the latitude of our knowledge. It is marvelous how the habit
+grows. It is not work, it is pleasure. We long for spare moments to
+renew the study, and as we experience the pleasure the growth of our
+mind affords, we improve in all directions. Every cell in the brain
+sends out vibrant impulses, new life, new hope. Health means more, life
+has a meaning. We find happiness in the company of those who are
+striving for higher ideals. We perform even our menial tasks with more
+care and with more interest, because we grasp their true meaning, and
+we know that we cannot aspire to higher ideals if we are dishonest in
+little things. So the study habit makes better men and better women of
+us, and it adds to the pleasure of life all the real pleasure there is
+in living. The power to analyze, to conceive, and to create are the
+highest pleasures mankind possesses, and they can only be attained in
+any degree by education and cultivation.
+
+It is not easy to explain to the average superficially educated person
+the satisfaction to be derived from original or creative thinking. One
+must progress far enough in mental self-culture before it becomes a
+pleasure, almost an intoxication. Up to a certain point the acquirement
+of knowledge is a task, an effort, a seeming self-sacrifice; beyond that
+point it is a labor of love, a pleasure, a consecration. The crude,
+discordant efforts of a child, when it first begins to acquire a musical
+education, very convincingly illustrates the condition of mind of the
+beginner in self-culture. The task is a toil and the results do not
+stimulate further spontaneous effort. The same child, however, may
+successfully pass through the various gradations of a musical career and
+arrive at a time when effort will submerge itself; when the result of
+the knowledge acquired will be so gratifying that it will no longer be a
+toil; when the study will be pursued because of the actual pleasure it
+affords.
+
+The only worthwhile thing in life is mind. If one does not develop the
+mind, it is possible to live an entire lifetime and not really live at
+all. To exist is not to live. All the amenities of life contribute to
+existence, not to life itself. To live is to create, to give, to endow.
+
+If a book contains one original thought, it will live. Few books contain
+more than one thought, one inspiration. If it, however, suffuses that
+one thought into the hearts of men its existence will have been
+justified. We have no criterion or standard by which to judge the
+ethical value of a thought. If a thought conveys an inspiration to
+another and is productive of moral growth it has life and value because
+it creates.
+
+To exist is to blindly follow the primal instincts. To live is to
+think, to reason, to grow mentally. Consequently we must have ideals, we
+must cling tenaciously to these ideals, and, "We must know what we
+want."
+
+THE YOUNG WIFE'S INCENTIVE TO SELF-CULTURE.--A young wife has a real
+incentive to self-culture if she hopes to maintain her position in the
+home and in the affection of her husband. A man has always the advantage
+of being actively engaged in one of the two ways of acquiring knowledge.
+He mingles with people. He gains considerable knowledge and frequently
+cultivation unwittingly. He grows with his business, and as it increases
+he becomes more important in the community. He mingles with keener,
+wide-awake business men, his wits are sharpened, his brain must be alert
+and virile. A healthy active brain grows, it is responsive, it absorbs
+knowledge. As he climbs higher, he wears off the crude corners and
+assumes a worldly cultivation, which men of sound business sense can
+adapt to suit any social exigency. The wife does not have these
+advantages, and, unless she appreciates this point, she is very apt to
+remain where she was when she married, so far as mental culture is
+concerned. Now to be wife in a true sense, she must be companion. She
+must keep pace with his prosperity on the one hand and with his
+intelligence on the other. The more culture and knowledge a man attains
+the more critical he becomes, the more cultivated his tastes, the more
+cultivation he demands. Qualities that did not always grate upon his
+sensibilities become acutely objectionable in his higher mental state. A
+man may be loyal at heart, but he resents the inaptitude of a wife who
+fails to keep the mental pace. He is willing to give his wife the
+benefits of his material prosperity, but he cannot give her the finer
+evidences of his higher mentality, because, while she may have proved
+true as a wife, she failed as a companion. She fell behind in culture.
+He cannot give that which she cannot receive. The young wife should
+appreciate the difference between moral disloyalty on the part of her
+husband, and mental disloyalty. He is the transgressor in the first, and
+she is the culprit in the second delinquency. We must meet a situation
+as it exists. Moralizing does not change the conditions. A man and
+woman may be temperamentally suited to each other to-day, and in a few
+years may be wholly dissimilar in tastes. If being a wife simply implied
+more loyalty and domestic efficiency there could be no just cause for
+complaint if she failed in every other respect, but it does not. To be a
+wife more than in name, one must be friend, companion, confidant. No
+one, much less a husband, selects as a friend, companion, and confidant,
+an individual whose tastes are not in sympathy with his own, who does
+not understand the viewpoint, one in whom he cannot confide, or one
+whose intelligence is crude. A man can obtain a housekeeper anywhere,
+but he cannot buy a home-maker, a companion, a friend, or a confidant.
+
+The study habit will create the interest. If you once get it, only death
+can take it from you. If you become interested, no man can grow away
+from you, and no man can take from you the worlds it will open up. You
+must, however, begin the study habit with the determination to acquire
+knowledge. You must want intensely to succeed, and you must be willing
+to sacrifice self, and to work diligently. "If you quit, it simply shows
+you did not want an education, you only thought you did,--you are not
+willing to pay the price."
+
+NOSOPHOBIA, OR THE DREAD OF DISEASE.--There is one disease I would warn
+the young wife not to acquire. It is called nosophobia. It is without
+doubt the most serious sickness with which any member of the human
+family may be afflicted.
+
+In another part of this book I have written the story of the aged
+philosopher, who, on being asked to name the worst troubles he had in
+life, answered, "I am quite sure my greatest worries, and my worst
+troubles were those that never happened." This reply is well worth
+thinking about; it contains matter for serious reflection, and what
+makes it so suggestive and valuable is that it can be proved true by the
+experience of our own lives.
+
+Nosophobia means dread of disease. It may astonish many to know that
+such a condition is regarded as a disease, and that it has been given a
+name. Instead, however, of it being a rare disease, or an unusual
+condition, we find it is one of the commonest diseases, and one of the
+most easily acquired conditions. In fact, it is so easily acquired
+nowadays that we have to be constantly on guard against it. Though we
+may not be its victim, we have all felt its influence at some time, and
+even one experience of it is sufficient to satisfy the most exacting. It
+is an absolute medical fact, that the dread of disease will render one
+more profoundly miserable and unhappy, and will cause more mental and
+physical incompetents than will any severe, prolonged, actual sickness.
+People who are victims of nosophobia are probably the most miserable and
+wretched individuals on earth. This is essentially so because of the
+peculiar characteristics of the disease. It is an insinuating and
+insidious ailment and its progress is cumulative. When we begin to worry
+about our health the germ of nosophobia takes up its habitation in our
+midst and we never know another happy moment.
+
+The dread of disease is probably more common now than it used to be,
+partly because people know more about it, and, therefore, have more
+material out of which to manufacture dreads, and partly because a large
+number of people have the leisure to worry about various symptoms and
+sensations that come to them, and the significance of which they
+exaggerate by dwelling on them until they become positive torments. It
+is particularly those who have not much to do, and, above all, those who
+have absolutely nothing to do who suffer most from the affection.
+Children never suffer from this malady because pains and aches have no
+significance to them. The probability of death through sickness never
+bothers them. Their minds are always occupied. They are always busy,
+they think only of life and of living. As we grow older, however, we
+become introspective and we permit conditions to favor the development
+of a wrong mental attitude. We accentuate the seriousness of each
+trifling pain and illness, and the specter of death looms up in the path
+of each ailment. Soon we spend needless time in worry and we imagine we
+are not as healthy as we ought to be and that we may probably die in the
+near future. This affects our temperament and our efficiency. Life is
+no longer tolerable or attractive, and we shortly are numbered with the
+failures and the incompetents.
+
+One of the unfortunate consequences of nosophobia is that a victim of it
+not only renders her own life miserable, but she unfortunately affects
+the happiness of every member of the household. She is as a rule gloomy
+and morose, and this constant depressive environment is not conducive to
+the success of any effort toward creating moments of amusement and
+happiness. Her presence acts as a deterrent and repeated failures to
+overcome this domestic cloud finally result in a complete cessation of
+all effort. Things fall into a rut and each member of the family seek
+their various forms of diversion outside the home circle.
+
+These individuals are sometimes spoken of as "trouble seekers." In a
+sense, the term is appropriate, because the troubles which wreck their
+peace of mind never occur. In the beginning there is usually some slight
+physical ailment. As a rule, it is some form of nervous indigestion.
+Under appropriate and adequate treatment such forms of indigestion are
+readily curable in ordinary individuals, but these patients are not
+ordinary individuals. They are perverse and opinionated. They have their
+own ideas. It is impossible to convince them that they are not as sick
+as they imagine. They think the physician fails to quite comprehend
+their cases,--that he does not recognize the serious side of the
+ailment, and so they are never wholly satisfied with medical assistance.
+The little incidental pains of the indigestion are indications of heart
+disease to such a patient and she acts in sympathy with this awful
+affliction; the real explanation being that the gas produced by the
+indigestion bothers the heart for the time being. She is very apt to
+diet as a consequence, one article after another being avoided until she
+is living on a starvation diet. She fails to appreciate the fact that
+she needs more nourishment, not less; that her stomach is in good
+condition, the fault being with her nerves. She finally becomes anemic
+and neurasthenic and a misanthrope.
+
+The young wife can readily appreciate that, to expect domestic success
+and happiness under such circumstances, would be impossible. Yet there
+are young wives who develop this habit of accentuating their little
+pains and ailments inordinately, to their husbands, on every occasion.
+They adopt this dangerous means of exciting extra sympathy and
+caressing. Some do it in explanation of their failure to perform their
+household duties efficiently--a laziness plea pure and simple.
+
+These inefficient and tricky little ladies find that it is easy to
+impose upon their unsuspecting husbands, so they proceed to work out the
+details to their own satisfaction. After spending the day sight-seeing
+or shopping or gossiping, and having neglected their work and feeling
+tired, they assume a becomingly abandoned position on the big, new,
+comfortable couch, practice a few heartbreaking sighs and experiment
+with the tear supply. These details are arranged and timed to be
+effective just as Jack opens the hall door with the latchkey. We can
+picture what follows without making any effort to dramatize the
+incident. But if the reader will try to create mental pictures of the
+frequently recurring home-comings under the same circumstances, she will
+develop interesting studies in domestic psychology as she watches the
+effect upon Jack when the truth begins to dawn upon him.
+
+It needs no oracle to assure these women that they are traveling along a
+road that has only one ending. Love is as old as the hills, and the
+older it gets, like the wise old hills, a wiser old love it becomes. It
+exacts its price, and its price is an equal love. There never was a love
+born--except maternal love--that will sustain itself after the knowledge
+dawns upon it that it is being bartered away and imposed upon. The day
+of reckoning comes in time and the dream is over.
+
+Do not forget that the first year of married life is the trial year--the
+real test of your soul-merit. During that first year you carve, as it
+were, on a monument, in a thousand different ways, the ineffaceable
+record of whether you deserve success and happiness in the struggle of
+life. In what should be the after-glow of love's young dream--the first
+precious weeks and months as a young wife--no element will be more
+subtly dangerous than the art of duplicity. Before a young wife
+determines to practice deception she should fully appreciate the
+inevitable consequences. If, under the mistaken idea that she can easily
+deceive her husband, because "he trusts me so," she believes she may
+continue to do so with impunity, she is the most elementary of all silly
+little fools. She has failed to observe that the great law of the
+universe acts in the interest of the rich and poor, the fool and the
+philosopher alike. She will become too clever and like all fools and
+criminals she will give herself away. She will wake up to find that she
+has been playing with the sacred things of earth--home and a husband's
+love; that, never again can she reëstablish the affection and confidence
+which she has trampled upon and defiled; that the future is a mortgaged
+hope and she herself an unclean and unworthy thing.
+
+Practicing the art of duplicity in simulating physical ailments will, if
+persisted in, establish nosophobia. The patient will come to believe
+that she is not exactly well. She will establish the habit of feeling
+sick. This will render her mind diseased and the diseased mind will in
+turn suggest new and additional aches and pains, and she will soon not
+know whether she is sick or well. The dread of disease will effect its
+retribution and soon she will be, in fact, an unhappy and an
+unsuccessful young wife.
+
+Modern conditions unfortunately favor the easy development of nosophobia
+in young wives. Our larger knowledge of the symptoms of diseased
+conditions tends to render the analysis of localized pain more
+definitely and more suggestively. Certain pains, we are told by hearsay
+busybodies, mean certain serious conditions, and the category of these
+diseases extends from indigestion to consumption and to cancer. To the
+victim of nosophobia this suggestive knowledge is a constant terror and
+an ever present nightmare. To the normal healthy mind they mean nothing
+and suggest less.
+
+The modern young housewife has a superabundance of spare time. The
+utilization of the young wife's spare time is of the most momentous
+importance as we have previously pointed out. It is the one commodity
+which will speak in the after years in words of solace and cheer or in
+regret and condemnation--according to how these precious moments are
+spent. If these moments are not spent in a way best fitted to wholly
+occupy the mind, the mental attitude--to which we previously referred,
+and which is conducive to the cultivation of nosophobia--will have been
+developed.
+
+There are certain kindred conditions that may partly explain, to the
+ordinary healthy person, the real distress of mind into which these
+self-centered sufferers sink. The fear of a thunder storm, for example,
+creates profound dread and distress of mind in some people. The dread of
+dirt, of sharp instruments, of certain insects and animals, of darkness,
+of an ocean voyage, and of great heights, are common examples of this
+type of mind-distress of which the characteristic symptom is an
+inexplicable and uncontrollable dread. The same system of
+self-discipline and self-control is necessary to effect a cure of these
+various forms of mind-distress as is necessary in the successful
+treatment of dread of disease. To none of these other forms, however, is
+attached the same degree of seriousness by the laity as they attach
+unjustly to nosophobia. The conditions are all the same, but they reason
+that the dread of darkness or dirt or mice or height cannot possibly
+bring death or seriously affect the health or happiness, while sickness
+and the dread of it, means--so they imagine--pain and maybe death.
+Medically, nosophobia has no such significance. The condition exists
+only in the mind and the same effort at self-discipline will cure the
+dread of disease as well as the dread of any other possible condition.
+It is this element of mind, however, that lends itself to the cure of
+this condition by other means than legitimate medical advice and so we
+have had "healers" and "miracle workers" who have sprung up from time to
+time in the history of the world, who have cleverly taken advantage of
+this element in human nature, and reaped a rich reward.
+
+"KEEP STILL AND BE WELL."--To instruct the young wife how she may guard
+against acquiring this habit, we would suggest that she "keep still and
+be well."
+
+When the world appreciates better the psychology of thought, its
+tremendous significance will have a concrete meaning. We are too apt to
+regard the thought we give utterance to as a meaningless thing, so far
+as its influence is concerned. The woman who harps upon her ailments,
+who appears at the breakfast table with a depressed and melancholy
+visage, who regales us with an account of how poorly she slept, the
+nightmares she experienced, the pain she suffers, and who puts into her
+inflection the poison of self-pity is an emissary of Satan. I have seen
+a whole family's happiness for the day destroyed by the meaningless
+ranting of a hysterical woman. Life is hard enough for all, for each of
+us to at least wish each other well.
+
+The individual who cultivates the habit of carrying sunshine and good
+cheer to the breakfast table belongs to the sort of folk who help and
+inspire the whole world to a greater achievement. If one is sent away
+each morning from home with a cheery word and a radiant good-by he is
+inspired with the virtue of success and his efficiency is ensured.
+
+Cultivate the art of contentment and remember that relationship does not
+imply liberty; you have no right to send out into the world a member of
+your family depressed and miserable because of your irritability and
+evil habits.
+
+"Keep still and be well." If you cannot say a good word about a
+fellow-being, say none at all. Don't become a scandal-monger. We can
+forgive those who talk evil about us--they talk to hear themselves talk.
+The gossip germ is born of ignorance and vacuity and breeds best in idle
+minds. No one is influenced by the vaporings of a gossip, her words die
+in empty air. She injures herself only. The loquacious pest who brings
+to us the tales which the scandal-monger manufactures is the one who
+robs us of our peace and is unforgivable. To dignify the malicious
+intentions and idle nothings of an evil mind by carrying them further is
+an expression of degeneracy that is urgently in need of active
+disinfection. To vilify another is foolish; to repeat it, is the
+function of a rogue. Your friends bring you the glad tidings of the good
+things that are said about you: your enemies are those who, in the holy
+name of friendship, bring to you the poison of evil gossip. "Keep still
+and be well."
+
+
+
+
+THE HOME
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII
+
+     "If we are eager to do something to lighten the load of
+     another, eager to sacrifice self; to cheer, and counsel, and
+     inspire; to leave unsaid some unkind word, to forget our own
+     troubles in the larger trouble of a friend, we are
+     home-builders."
+
+     "A married woman can't decently spend her life in playing
+     bridge, and in running ribbons through her underclothing She
+     hasn't any right just to camp on her husband's trail.
+
+     "No woman on earth has a right to maintenance unless she gives
+     value received."
+
+DOMESTIC QUALITIES
+
+     A Good Housekeeper and Home-maker--What Constitutes a good
+     Housekeeper--Preparation and Selection of Meals--Washing
+     Dishes--Pots and Pans--Dusting and Cleaning--Work Cheerfully
+     and Be Thorough--Don't Be a Dust Chaser--Don't Get the
+     Anti-sunshine Habit--Air Your Rooms--The Ideal Home--The
+     Medical Essentials of a Good Meal--What Makes the Home--Working
+     for Something--The Average Housewife's Existence Is
+     Slavery--What Shall We Work For--Making Ends Meet--Rest and
+     Recreation--Try a Nap--Get Enough Sleep at Night--Go Out of
+     Doors--Take a Vacation Now and Then--Life Insurance--Owning a
+     Home--The Cheerful Wife and Mother--The Indifferent Wife and
+     Mother--Husband and Wife.
+
+
+A GOOD HOUSEKEEPER AND HOME-MAKER.--If the young wife carries out the
+suggestions made on the preceding pages and thereby contributes her part
+to establishing the material success of the co-partnership, will she
+profit in any other way?
+
+She will have become a good housekeeper and home-maker.
+
+Housekeeping is an acquired art, home-making is a moral quality, an
+instinct. Housekeeping conducted as an art is superfluous. Home-making
+is a triumph under any circumstances. There are many good housekeepers;
+there are few competent home-makers. Housekeeping may easily be
+overdone; home-making can never be overdone. A beautiful house is not
+necessarily a beautiful home. Housekeeping should be conducted with a
+view to home-making and never for any other reason. Sometimes we see
+housekeeping brought to its highest perfection by the same woman who
+never did understand the simplest rudiments of home-making. The woman
+who becomes the victim of the housekeeping mania never realizes it; it
+is an insidious art.
+
+There can be no doubt that a well-kept house is a thing of beauty. So
+also is a marble statue, but it is cold and bloodless.
+
+The young wife must strive to combine the two faculties. She should be
+an efficient housekeeper in a happy, comfortable home.
+
+WHAT CONSTITUTES AN EFFICIENT HOUSEKEEPER?--An efficient housekeeper is
+one who has acquired the knowledge necessary to perform all the duties
+of housekeeping, and who executes these duties efficiently, with the
+least possible expenditure of time and labor.
+
+It is an absolute fact that most young wives begin housekeeping with the
+crudest ideas as to what housekeeping means. It has been pointed out
+many times, that many mothers bring their daughters up without
+instructing them in the elementary principles of keeping house. It is
+nevertheless necessary to repeat this statement over and over again, and
+to point out the enormity of the injustice done. Even if a daughter is
+fortunate enough to marry a man who is capable of supplying all the help
+necessary, a wife should know enough to intelligently discern if the
+work is properly done. If she does not understand the rudiments of
+housekeeping, and has no help, her inefficiency may be directly
+responsible for breaking up the home.
+
+PREPARATION AND SELECTION OF MEALS.--Thoroughness and simplicity are the
+two essentials to a satisfactory meal. If the articles are thoroughly
+cooked and the selection simple, there is no chance for trouble. A
+breakfast of fruit, a thoroughly cooked cereal with cream, a boiled egg
+and toasted bread and butter, is simple and is adequate. Freshly
+prepared hot biscuits sound good, but, unless you know your oven and
+have had a lot of experience, they are apt to result disastrously. Even
+if you are an expert, don't make them. They are very bad for digestion.
+
+For dinner, lots of thoroughly cooked vegetables, a small piece of steak
+or two lamb chops, bread (at least one day old), and good butter, a
+baked apple, stewed prunes, or rice, boiled for three hours, is enough
+for any one. Have your meals on time. Be sure the table cloth and
+napkins are clean, and your dishes hot. Establish the habit of being
+cheerful at meals, of eating slowly, and of coming to the table with a
+clean, fresh dress.
+
+WASHING DISHES.--While your husband is reading the evening paper, wash
+your dishes. Washing dishes is an art. Few young wives acquire it. The
+secret is, a big basin, lots of hot water, lots of soap, and a desire to
+wash them clean. If you wash them clean, don't smear them over by drying
+them with a greasy dishcloth. Wash your dishrag and drying towel every
+day, and hang them up to dry in the sun.
+
+POTS AND PANS.--How they are neglected! If you have any pride as a
+housekeeper, be clean. Hot water, soap, a cleansing powder and a little
+effort, and your pots and pans will be a credit to you. Have a system.
+Take time. Keep your kitchen tidy. Don't let work accumulate from meal
+to meal or from day to day. It is astonishing how lazy and dirty some
+women are. We have seen young women on the street, dressed tidily and
+smartly, and we have gone into the homes of these women and have been
+disgusted and nauseated with their general appearance. There is
+absolutely no excuse for this, and a young wife who gets into the habit
+of being indifferent is a disgrace to her sex. She cannot hope for
+success or happiness.
+
+DUSTING AND CLEANING.--Every home should be thoroughly cleaned once a
+week. A certain day should be selected for the purpose. A certain system
+should be followed. After it has been done a number of times, you will
+devise ways and means of doing it quicker, easier and better. New
+methods will suggest themselves from time to time, so, by planning and
+systematizing, you will get rid of the drudgery part, and there will be
+a constant incentive present to beat your past record. You must get rid
+of the feeling that it is uninteresting drudgery and slavery. A woman
+who looks upon her work in that light is not deserving of any better
+fate, and she will not get much further. If you are one of these
+perverse individuals who resent advice; if you object to being told the
+truth; if you do not want to profit by experience; if you are satisfied
+as you are, don't waste your precious time reading books. No author can
+tell you how to get something for nothing; no teacher can instruct
+others in anything. He can only awaken thought and arouse impulses. The
+law of life is harmony. An individual who wastes God's precious time in
+grumbling and fretting is the most pitiful object in the universe. Try
+to appreciate that you are part of the divine problem, regarding the
+conduct of which certain implacable laws have been formulated. To obey
+these laws means continued life, health, strength, power and success; to
+disobey them means weakness, sickness, incapacity, unhappiness,
+discontent and premature death.
+
+Some people learn quickly how to conserve strength, how to systematize,
+how to be cheerful and hopeful and to radiate thankfulness. From a
+selfish standpoint this is the only method that pays. Some people will
+not see the point. They will put it aside by some such sophistry as:
+"Oh! it does not apply to me." It does, nevertheless, and probably at a
+later date, when the chance of achievement has withered, they will see
+the point through the mist of regret.
+
+Work cheerfully, therefore, and be thorough. Don't overdo it. Fussiness
+is objectionable, useless and unhealthy, because it is a constant drain
+on nerve energy. Some women are dust-chasers. They are eternally poking
+into corners with a feather duster. They chase dust from one room to
+another and back again, and the sight of a few grains on the piano makes
+them sick. Dust with a moist cloth and when your dusting is over leave
+it and forget it. Don't buy a feather duster.
+
+Don't get the anti-sunshine fad. Let the sun in. Don't pull your shades
+down to save the parlor carpet. Your husband would probably sooner buy
+another than pay for a funeral.
+
+Air your rooms always, night as well as day. You cannot overdo it. Buy
+mosquito screens, keep the flies out, but let the air in.
+
+THE IDEAL HOME.--It is difficult to describe an ideal home, but we know
+one the moment we are in it. Its atmosphere instinctively breathes the
+personality of the home-maker. Its individuality distinctly
+differentiates it from the ordinary impersonal home. Its housekeeping
+dress is inviting; its furnishings harmonious; and it exhales repose,
+and comfort, and peace. When we meet its mistress we are welcomed in a
+low, gentle, cordial tone of voice, and in a manner which radiates
+honesty and unaffected simplicity. We discover the source of the unusual
+atmosphere. It is herself, the wife, the mother, the home-maker. She is
+the mystery of the ideal home. Each day her divine art grows more
+perfect because her heart is consecrated to the work. She may not be
+surrounded with material splendor. The miracle is in the soul she
+possesses. Love is the magic wand she yields. She loves her home, her
+children, her husband. She is the queen mother in the paradise she
+creates.
+
+We have seen that a good housekeeper may not be a home-maker. Every
+home-maker, on the other hand, is a good housekeeper. The ideal home
+could not exist unless presided over by a home-maker. A home-maker
+necessarily implies being a good mother; but a good housekeeper, who is
+not a good mother, will never be a home-maker.
+
+A good housekeeper will keep house for the art's sake and will resent
+any domestic event which upsets her housekeeping sense of decorum, even
+though the event may have splendid home-making possibilities. The mother
+with the home-making instincts will invite, and aid, and will conceive
+events, which, though they upset her housekeeping routine, will
+contribute to the happiness and edification of the home circle. The
+housekeeper's sense of duty ends when a good dinner is served; the
+home-maker's real duty and incidentally her pleasure begins, when dinner
+is on the table.
+
+THE MEDICAL ESSENTIALS OF A GOOD MEAL ARE: Pure food, judiciously
+selected for two reasons. First, that there may be an adequate daily
+variety--in order to stimulate the individual taste and appetite;
+second, that the food supplies may be adapted, in nourishing
+equivalents, to the work and age of the diner. The food must be
+thoroughly cooked, eaten slowly, and masticated with care and
+deliberation. Every meal should be served and eaten when cooked and
+ready. Food should never be allowed to stand when cooked to the proper
+degree. Overdone food is not desirable. The dishes should be heated to
+the proper degree; the table linen, napkins, etc., clean and fresh; and
+the family should all eat at the same time.
+
+A meal should never be hurried. Interesting conversation is, therefore,
+a necessary and a commendable feature while dining. There is less desire
+or tendency to hasten through a meal when one is interested or is being
+entertained. The intervals between courses will be welcomed rather than
+resented under these circumstances, and the appetite will be keener and
+the enjoyment greater.
+
+The wife and mother, who is the home-maker and consequently responsible
+for the _esprit de corps_ of the family, will direct, suggest, and guide
+the conversation into profitable and interesting channels. By thus
+supplying the atmosphere necessary to the efficient eating of a meal,
+the digestion and the assimilation of the food will adequately take care
+of itself. Overeating is never a part of any meal and should be
+religiously avoided.
+
+WHAT MAKES THE HOME.--We know it isn't the house we live in that makes
+the home. Many have lived in humble dwellings and have carried all
+through life the memory of home as a sacred legacy. Wealth does not make
+a home, nor culture, nor any of the intellectual attainments for which
+we may strive unceasingly. We may have all these and yet not know the
+joy of "home." "Home" conveys to every heart the same tender memories.
+To have known the blessings of a "home" is to be fortified for life's
+battles. No one can deny its importance in humanizing mankind. A boy who
+has never known what it was to have a home, whose substitute for the
+home associations was an "institutional mother," may have all the
+necessary potential qualities for success, but he will be forever
+deprived of the inspiration that memory of home kindles in every human
+soul.
+
+The secret of the sources of home is its atmosphere. The atmosphere of
+home is the sum total of the kinship and sympathy radiated by its
+members. It is a tangible something which is capable of being felt,
+which is capable of inspiration and which is capable of being carried
+away into the years beyond, exerting a helpful influence over the
+milestones of worry, and trouble, and defeat; and it is always a
+fragrant, soothing, energizing influence. Every human heart needs the
+memory of a home and the presence of a friend at all times and in all
+places.
+
+We must contribute our share to form the right kind of home-making
+"atmosphere." The two qualities which are essential to this task are
+sympathy and peace. Each contributor must be more than a negative unit
+in the home. It is not enough to simply desire peace--a deaf mute could
+fill that part. We must desire to please and we must be an active agency
+working for harmony and peace. If there is in our heart enough sincere
+affection for brother and sister, father and mother, the desire to
+please will be the bond of sympathy that will weather every
+temperamental storm. If we are eager to do something to lighten the load
+of another, eager to sacrifice self, to cheer and counsel and inspire,
+to leave unsaid some unkind word, to forget our own troubles in the
+larger trouble of a friend, we are home-builders. We must control our
+moods in the home, we must submerge the instinct of selfishness, of
+impatience, of pride, and of obstinacy. We must not be opinionated, we
+can many times conform to the opinion of others in trivial matters and
+preserve peace; we thereby minister to the happiness of others, because
+to give happiness is the surest way to be happy. Temper is the sting
+that poisons many homes. Its possessor is an impossible associate and
+will defeat the work of the angels in the effort to make homes.
+
+WORKING FOR SOMETHING.--At various times we have emphasized the
+necessity of having definite plans, of "knowing exactly what you want,"
+of "beginning wedded life with ideals"; in other words, we believe that
+to combine the maximum efficiency with the greatest degree of happiness
+it is necessary for all of us to "work for something."
+
+It is not necessary to prove that the average human life is
+uninteresting; most of us know that. As a matter of fact the average
+existence is a monotonous, hopeless dreary stretch of time, dotted at
+more or less frequent intervals with physical pain and suffering, and
+with mental sorrow and anguish.
+
+While this is undeniably a true epitome of the average life to-day, it
+is not to be accepted as the only possible average existence. Every
+agency that is working for the betterment of the conditions which
+surround life is helping to elevate the status of the average
+individual. As individuals, the question whether our life will conform
+to the average, or be individualized, rests with ourselves.
+
+The ordinary average housewife's existence is slavery in its loneliest
+and most wretched form. Its utter hopelessness is its most depressing
+feature. If we could hope for some glint of sunshine, some day in the
+future when conditions would change, some circumstance which would give
+us the opportunity which we have never had, some test of our
+womanhood,--anything to relieve the crushing, hopeless inertia of the
+daily routine,--we imagine we could go on again, hoping that things
+would permanently change eventually. Don't "hope things will change."
+Change them! Don't get in a mental rut; don't be an "average" housewife.
+If you really can't do anything else, if things are so abjectly hopeless
+that there is no other way out, if your path is leading to nowhere,
+start a rebellion. When the smoke has cleared away you may see a new
+path to follow, and it may lead to somewhere. It is not necessary to do
+this often, because the fault is usually our own, and not that of
+environment or conditions, or our husbands. All we need to do is to
+think things over, and begin something, and all the other conditions
+will take care of themselves. The moment we step outside the humdrum
+path of existence, the moment we are curious enough to do this, there is
+hope for us. A little mental fresh air will dissipate a good many brain
+fogs. The instant we begin "working for something" definite, we cease
+to follow in the procession of the average helpless and hopeless
+citizen. So to the young housewife we would strongly suggest that she
+"think things over" and decide what she is going to work for.
+
+Now, what will it be? Of course it will be different with each
+housewife. With many it will be "a home of our own." It may only be a
+piano for the children, or it may wisely be more insurance. Possibly you
+live in the country, and you long for the social and other advantages of
+the city. You may be a city wife and may long for a farm in the glorious
+country. It may be a trip to Europe; or a college education for the boy;
+or a musical career for the daughter. It does not matter what it is, the
+"it" is the thing itself, and, having found it, the world for you has
+changed. The lonesomeness, and the hopelessness, and the wretchedness of
+life have disappeared. There is always in the future the "it"; no matter
+how dark and gloomy the road may be, it is illuminated at the far end
+with the realized "it." It is the bearing of the burden of life that
+makes a wife, and when we have "something to work for" we begin to live.
+Love is the explanation. We don't want the home for ourselves. We want
+it for those we love, we want those we love in the atmosphere, which I,
+as mother, will make in "our home." It is the elemental mother that
+speaks,--the motherhood spirit that pours out eternally in
+self-sacrifice and keeps no debit account. It is the cry of the primal
+mother that echoes through all the ages and which has kept the race sane
+and safe and hopeful. Having something to work for supplies the element
+necessary to cheerfulness. In the darkest moments, when everything seems
+to go wrong, the thought that we can look forward to a time when a great
+change is coming, when we will move to the new home, when we go to the
+farm or the city as the case may be, or when John will finish his
+college course and start out as a lawyer,--when the strain of skimping
+and making ends meet is over we feel that the struggle will let up and
+we can rest in peace for a little while. It is sharing these burdens
+that counts, and brings out the best elements of human nature. The
+struggle of making ends meet draws the young couple closer together,
+and adds that touch of divinity that is essential to confidence and
+love. It strengthens character, curbs the tendency to unnecessary
+expenditure of money and time, and teaches frugality and patience. The
+incentive to win out is ever present, and it is the anchor that means
+final satisfaction and success.
+
+Try to see the point. Work for something,--something worth while, and
+when you have once begun never turn back. "Nothing-succeeds like
+success."
+
+REST AND RECREATION--A young couple should find time for rest and
+recreation as well as for work. This part of the domestic problem should
+be carefully and systematically utilized, and just as faithfully carried
+out as any other part. Both husband and wife should participate in these
+hours of enjoyment, and the husband should assiduously try to make of
+these respites periods of real mutual benefit. No matter in what station
+of life one may be, it is always possible to find congenial means of
+passing many happy and profitable hours together, if the spirit of
+companionship and mutual interest is kept alive. It is the incessant
+strain upon the nervous system that constitutes the real danger of home
+life. The struggle to make ends meet; to keep the children neat and well
+fed; to look respectable; to provide clothing and education; to nurse
+the sick; to tolerate gossipy neighbors; to put up with ugly tempers; to
+meet the constant drain of society, business, politics and
+religion,--the wonder is that so few remain outside the lunatic asylums.
+
+There are certain inevitable daily happenings in the life of every
+housewife that must be tolerated though they are not pleasant. A certain
+number of interruptions will come at the most inopportune moments. The
+children will come in with muddy feet and walk over the clean floor;
+some days the stove works splendidly, other days it acts as if it was
+crazy; the milkman is late to-day and too early to-morrow; some days the
+iceman comes, some days he stays away, and these are the days we want
+him most; the upstairs work is not quite done when cooking must be
+begun; the grocer forgot to send the butter; a dish or two will crack or
+break every day; doors will slam; the rain begins to fall just when the
+clothes are all hung out; baby needs nursing just when the pie must be
+turned; a visitor calls before the dishes are washed. These are
+inevitable. The cure does not lie in some impossible revolution. We must
+rest the nerves and take the strain off.
+
+Try a nap in the middle of the day. Lie down and relax even if you do
+not sleep. In some countries this is a national custom. It should be a
+law in America. One cannot appreciate the amount of good that can be
+gained from one-half hour's sleep. Medically it is a wonderful
+rejuvenator.
+
+Get enough sleep at night. Late hours in the home is a bad habit and a
+poor investment. It affects the health and the efficiency. One extra
+hour means all the difference between frayed-out nerves, exasperated
+dispositions and home peace and contentment. There is a certain fixed
+ratio between sleep and good nature that has been formulated into a law
+by psychology. Keep early hours and the whole complexion of life will
+improve.
+
+When indoor work becomes irksome go out of doors, try a walk. Nothing
+will dissipate tired-out nerves quicker than a brisk walk. Every
+housewife should walk in the open air every day of her life. It is an
+absolute necessity if she hopes to retain her health and spirits. She
+will be in better shape and in a better mood to carry out her part of
+the daily programme.
+
+Take a vacation now and then. Go to the seashore or into the mountains.
+When a housewife is run down and irritable; when the disposition comes
+to indulge in a lonely cry; when she wishes she had never been born;
+when the cook stove and the children are hysterical irritants; it is
+time for a day off. The husband should find time to take his wife into
+the country for a week end, even a day at the seashore will work like
+magic.
+
+Resting and recreation are necessary. If we do not recognize this fact,
+and adopt the habit as a preventative, we will be compelled to take it
+in an effort to cure a malady that has established itself as a
+consequence of the neglect. It, therefore, is a time and money saver,
+and it saves friction, and home, and maybe life.
+
+LIFE INSURANCE.--Every young wife should insist upon her husband
+carrying life insurance upon his own life. She should make this a part
+of the prenuptial agreement. We would go further and state that a man
+who will not willingly agree to this is not a safe man to marry. The
+kind of insurance is immaterial, so long as it guarantees to the wife an
+adequate sum of money in the event of his premature death. The wife
+should regard the payment of the premiums as one of the necessities, and
+should personally know that they are promptly paid.
+
+OWNING A HOME.--It should be the hope of every married couple to own
+their own home. It has been the regret of many, when in later years they
+have figured up the money which they have spent in rent, that they did
+not think of this plan earlier. Nowadays, it is possible to pay a very
+small sum down, and certain monthly payments, which apply on the
+purchase of a house. By beginning this way, when the family expenses are
+small, it is comparatively easy, and without any deprivations, to own
+the home outright in a few years. Many couples foolishly buy gaudy and
+unnecessary furniture, and live in more expensive homes than their means
+justify, in order to create an impression, when first married, which
+they later regret. If part of the money, which the young husband has
+undoubtedly saved,--or he should not marry,--was paid down on the
+purchase of a house it would be paid for before the extra expense which
+necessarily comes with children had to be met. The plan works to the
+advantage of the couple both ways, because, if no rent has to be paid
+out after a few years, the extra expense of children would not then be a
+hardship.
+
+THE CHEERFUL WIFE AND MOTHER.--How many happy memory pictures we see by
+simply reading the name,--the cheerful wife and mother,--we might call
+her the optimistic mother. No matter what we did as children, we were
+never afraid of her. She always saw the bright side, and if we did
+something wrong she never scolded angrily; she talked to us convincingly
+and made us slightly ashamed of ourselves. If we had any plan or project
+we took it to her, she listened, and she suggested, and before we knew
+it she had solved our problem and the plan was possible,--away we would
+go, enthusiastic and happy, to work out the details as she suggested,
+and shortly our "party was on its way." If any of us had an
+accident,--we didn't go home, we were afraid of a scolding,--the victim
+was rushed to her, she would wash the blood and tears away, bathe the
+wounded part, put on a bandage and then take the little patient up to
+her room. A cake and a story would soon have us feeling good and help us
+forget our pain. Oh! she was an angel to us. On rainy days she found a
+way to amuse us, our dirty feet didn't count, the floor was to be washed
+up anyhow. To keep in her good graces, however, we had to be reasonably
+good. She told us stories, and we soon found out that she didn't like a
+mean or stingy boy, and a boy or girl who would tell a lie she would not
+talk to for a week. Her stories always proved that the mean boy, or the
+bad little girl, or anyone who told lies, never had a good time, that no
+one liked them, and most everybody kept away from them, if they didn't
+stop being bad. She was a wonderful mother, and every boy and girl for
+miles around knew her and loved her.
+
+And so it is that children soon learn who their real friends are. A home
+is what the mother makes it. Cheerfulness does not cost anything, and
+how much better it is if happiness abounds. You can get infinitely more
+of the confidence of a child by being gentle, and by showing that you
+have his or her real interest at heart. They will trust you more and
+rely upon your forbearance in the event of anything going wrong. As we
+boys and girls grew up the interest of the angel mother didn't cease; we
+met her often, and she would ask "how things were going." She knew
+exactly what each of the boys and girls was doing, and we always told
+her the truth, and all the truth. If anything did go wrong, she would
+know of it from one of the others, and she would "look up" the
+unfortunate one. Many times to my knowledge she has helped another
+mother over a crisis; when a boy was about to go wrong or showed a
+tendency to do some foolish thing. She did so because she "had a way" of
+getting round the boy, that even his own mother did not possess, and he
+would listen. A mother who can preserve her own cheerfulness under all
+circumstances is a jewel. The influence she wields is beyond estimation.
+A radiant cheerfulness is something akin to Christlikeness, it is an
+inspiration. People who live together frequently feel out of sorts in
+the presence of each other without a feeling of compunction, without
+realizing that they are guilty of a social discourtesy. If there is in
+that home an optimistic, cheerful mother, how different the atmosphere
+is! The cross look, or the touchy word, is quickly observed and all the
+power of her infectious cheerfulness is brought into battle array and
+the discontent is chased away, the vitriolic spirit of quarrel,
+slumbering so near the surface, is made to feel ashamed of itself. It
+shrinks into the darkness, and we begin the day all over again, thankful
+that mother is so good, so considerate and patient.
+
+It isn't exactly by the children that such a mother is best appreciated.
+Father knows the real value of her cheerfulness. He knows just what it
+has meant in the past, and he knows what it means now. He can look back
+and he can recall many instances in which the optimism of his wife was
+the agency which turned the tide. He knows of many business deals
+wherein the cheerful advice of his wife changed his viewpoint and so
+changed failure into success. He can recall many instances during the
+early days of his business career when the outlook was gloomy and
+doubtful, when its success depended upon so small a matter as
+temperament and disposition, when the cheerfulness, the love and tact of
+his wife dispelled the gathering clouds, strengthened the wavering
+spirit and instilled new fight, new purpose, new hope, into the
+situation. Oh, yes, he knows that cheerfulness, and optimism, and tact,
+and love, have a definite economic value, but it cannot be estimated in
+dollars and cents. He knows they are an asset in the domestic problem,
+but they are sacred, holy, consecrated.
+
+Cheerfulness is such a potent reality that it has a definite, concrete
+value. Life is a product of environment to a very considerable extent.
+Our surroundings very often dictate our attitude, and temperamentally at
+least we radiate whatever spirit our environment generates.
+
+
+HEREDITARY FEEBLE-MINDEDNESS[B]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Here is the law. The blood of the father was tainted. For several
+generations it lay dormant, and then smote this little child, Bertha. It
+is the terrible, the inevitable law of heredity.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Not so much now, as years ago, is there intermarriage. It is fortunate,
+for the results of in-breeding are far worse in human beings than in
+animals; chiefly because of man's more highly developed nervous system.
+New, pure blood above all things else is a re-energizing force which may
+go far toward eventually eliminating any trace of taint.
+
+[Footnote B: "Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences," Goddard,
+The Macmillan Company.]
+
+One cheerful home will radiate, will send out into the world, certain
+definite, concrete influences which will encourage and stimulate, and
+strengthen and give new hope to every living thing it reaches. The
+atmosphere of cheerfulness will exert a specific influence upon every
+disposition within its zone. The children of a cheerful mother and home
+will radiate happiness, contentment and love. The husband of a cheerful
+wife will carry into life's struggle a more just, a more equitable, a
+more humanizing influence as a direct, concrete result of that
+cheerfulness, and who can tell into how many other homes the spirit of
+cheerfulness will be carried as a consequence of the justice, and
+equity, and charity of that husband and father? To return after a day's
+work and worry to a fireside, to a home, in which cheerfulness is the
+radiating element is to inspire contentment and peace and thankfulness.
+Out of the joy of thankfulness, out of the satisfaction of peace, and
+the fulness of contentment, the kingdom of Heaven is born, and when
+human hearts feel like this they are living near the borderland of great
+possibilities. The cheerful wife and mother needs little advice. She
+does, however, need our love and the knowledge that we are true to
+ourselves and that we are fighting an honest fight. She will be happy in
+that knowledge.
+
+THE INDIFFERENT WIFE AND MOTHER.--The home over which an indifferent
+wife and mother presides is a "happy-go-lucky" home. There is something
+radically wrong in the make-up of a woman who is wife and mother and who
+is indifferent. It is not a natural condition, and it is frequently a
+product of simple ignorance. Such a woman may be exceedingly amiable and
+charitable; she may take an active interest in church and social
+affairs, and may be regarded as a kind and model housewife. Her
+interests are outside the home, however, and since the home is a place
+of apathy and indifference she feels she must "keep busy" elsewhere. She
+is out of touch with her husband and his affairs, and the children "get
+along somehow." If they come in for meals and report for bed that is all
+"any one can expect." There is seldom any acute friction, because every
+one is indifferent and selfishly attends to his own affairs.
+
+Such a home is devoid of the domestic atmosphere. The mother touch is
+lacking: sentiment and love have long ago taken wings: the temperature
+of the place is cold and forbidding. The children "exist" and may be
+healthy animals, but their souls are empty and there is no comradeship
+or affection in their make-up. They do not know what human sympathy
+means, and they either grow into successful machines, or indifferent
+citizens. As human beings they are failures. It would be astonishing to
+know how many of this type of mother and wife the present strenuous age
+is producing. They are certainly on the increase, and the unrest, which
+is a growing characteristic of the sex, is tending to still further
+increase this type of womanhood. The mother element is being subverted
+and in its place we find "Justice" with her scales, but with a marble
+heart.
+
+These women do not realize that the citadel of motherhood is a sacred,
+holy citadel, and that its responsibilities cannot be met by a negative
+allegiance. A child's character, its training, its physical equipment,
+its mental development, its body and soul, its heredity and acquired
+instincts, its virtues and its vices, its environment, are all mothers'
+cares, mothers' duties, mothers' responsibilities, and if they are
+neglected part of the eternal scheme is frustrated and recompense will
+be exacted. When a woman marries she assumes responsibilities which she
+cannot and dare not neglect. If she does, she will have to give an
+accounting of her stewardship.
+
+The indifferent mother and wife does not fit. She is incompetent, she is
+one of nature's sarcasms. She is a mistake as a wife, as a mother, and
+as a member of society. She is not sincere or she would not be guilty of
+such fundamental injustice. As a human being she is a parasite, and in
+the Master's vineyard she is a weed.
+
+HUSBAND AND HOME.--As sponsor for the welfare and efficiency of the
+family and the home, the wife and mother should occasionally give some
+thought to the husband and father.
+
+William Muldoon, one of the greatest physical efficiency experts in this
+or any other country, who has intimately known hundreds of our great
+men in every walk of life, recently stated that American men to-day do
+not appear to have the same amount of physical endurance and nervous
+energy that men of forty years ago possessed. In other words, as a race
+we are degenerating. In his opinion the condition is due to the fact
+that commercialism has taken such a firm hold upon the American people
+that everything else is cast aside to make a success in business or
+profession.
+
+This is a serious indictment coming from such a source and should be of
+intense interest to the wife and mother of to-day.
+
+The over-worked business man, when he gets into the hands of the
+physician, is a neurasthenic. He has gone just as far as his vitality
+will take him. His mind is fagged and worn out and will not concentrate.
+He is nervous, irritable, and wretched. His appetite is capricious, and
+he sleeps fitfully. For a few days he pulls himself together and plunges
+into work, but the effort exhausts him and he falls back further than
+before. He is unhappy and despondent, his viewpoint changes and the
+future looks uninviting and he loses his courage and his faith in
+himself. He hides all this from his family, he does not want wife and
+children to know that he is losing his hold. He even makes desperate
+efforts to keep fit while at home, and for a time he succeeds.
+
+All this has been brought about by tremendous concentration of effort to
+do ten times as much work as he should do, and it has all been done in
+order to acquire riches and independence, not so much for his own sake
+as for his family's sake.
+
+Now, a wife who fails to see the handwriting on the wall is no wife at
+all. Any wife who cannot tell, by a single look, exactly how her husband
+feels is not quite what she should be. Some women may question this
+declaration. They may regard it as a far-fetched indictment. The truth
+nevertheless is,--and all good citizens are thankful that it is
+so,--that if a man and woman live together for years, and during that
+time work together in sympathy and love, and share the burdens of life
+together, they grow toward each other; there is a psychic force that
+binds them so that when the clouds begin to settle over one the other
+promptly sees the mist and brings all her subtle skill and solicitude to
+guard and fight in the other's interest. The "two hearts that beat as
+one" are old hearts, hearts chastened by experience and mellowed by the
+sorrows and joys of life, hearts that have gone through the dark spots
+and the deep spots of affliction, and have loved and helped each other
+all through the long journey to sunset's old age. God never inspired a
+holier picture than the wrinkled face of a good old mother. The old
+eyes, with the peering promise of a near peace in them; the toothless
+mouth, whose words of cheer are records of the past; the wrinkled face,
+the sad token of human frailty; the gentle word of welcome which age
+trustingly bestows, all speak to younger hearts with hungry words, and
+we hope that their lot is one of peace and contentment and happiness.
+
+A wife, therefore, who has shared the burdens of life honestly and
+willingly with her husband will promptly note when life's struggle is
+becoming dangerous to her helpmate.
+
+The true wife will insist on rest, and quiet, and recuperation. No man
+has the right to sacrifice himself for his family and no family should
+dare to expect it. A wife should frequently inquire and find out what
+their success is costing her husband, find out the price he is paying.
+No success is worth while if a man is undermining his health and
+strength to attain it. Men do it, however. American business men do it
+all the time.
+
+Maternal sacrifice is admittedly the supreme or Christ-like instinct of
+the human race, and it has been accorded the glory which is its due, but
+the unsung song of father love is a more pathetic incident of this
+strenuous age than we are apt to believe. America is building a breed of
+men with a dual passion, the passion for riches, and the passion to
+protect. The one is a wrong ideal, the other is a wrong principle. Ask
+any of the worn-out men who are inmates for the time being of the
+splendid institutions in the country devoted to the recuperation of
+health: ask the medical superintendents of the large sanitariums; ask
+Muldoon; ask the busy men of big business why they keep in the harness
+after they have made enough to retire upon; why they strive and fight
+and sacrifice themselves, and you will be told that the force which
+impels them is the desire to protect, with ample fortune, wife and
+children, and those dependent upon them. The average well-balanced man
+of America is never happier than when he can give to his loved ones
+every comfort and luxury possible. He is willing to work and so
+sacrifice self to the utmost to consummate his ambition. The right kind
+of a wife will see that her husband is getting a square deal.
+
+The right kind of solicitude and the right kind of argument will tend to
+divert her husband's attention away from business, to the advantage of
+all concerned. The children of America need closer fellowship with the
+fathers. We should read fewer tales of the profligacy of rich men's sons
+and less lurid accounts of the doings of the daughters of society. The
+sons of poor men would profit by a freer companionship with the more
+experienced father, and the daughters would be less apt to wander away
+from the fireside of a home that was knit together by the broader
+sympathy of father love.
+
+The training and education of our children is far more important than
+storing up money for them to spend recklessly. We all need help and
+cheering words and encouragement to do justice to ourselves and others.
+Nothing will inspire and stimulate youth more to achieve, to be clean in
+mind and body, and to succeed, than the knowledge that he is loved, and
+trusted, and has the implicit confidence of parents and of brothers and
+sisters. His pride is awakened, he would hate to fail, or to disappoint
+them, so he makes a conscientious effort to be worthy and to succeed.
+
+The mothers are at the helm. They must be the harmonizing factor in the
+home, and they must bring their human ships into safe harbors. The
+storms and the battles of life will only unite the crew together if the
+"captain" is the right "man" in the right place.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII
+
+     "All that I know, I owe to my mother."
+
+                                        Abraham Lincoln.
+
+
+HOW WE CATCH DISEASE
+
+     We Catch Disease--How Germs Enter the Lungs--How Germs Work in
+     the Body--The Function of the White Blood Cell--How an Abscess
+     Is Formed--The Evil Habit of Spitting in Public
+     Places--Sunlight and Germs--Why It Is Necessary to Open
+     Windows--Facts About Tuberculosis--The Tendency to Disease--The
+     Best Treatment for Tuberculosis--Consumption Is a Preventable
+     and a Curable Disease--When Delay Is Dangerous--What to Eat and
+     Wear in Hot Weather--Scientific Dressing--Drink Plenty of
+     Water--What to Drink When Traveling.
+
+A simple explanation of how we "catch" disease may be interesting and
+profitable. Let us take, for example, a case of consumption. In order to
+"catch" consumption it is necessary to breathe into our lungs the germ
+of consumption.
+
+How do we "catch" these germs?
+
+If a consumptive patient spits or expectorates on the street, or on the
+floor of a railroad car, or in a room, or store, or theater, after a
+time the spittle becomes dry, and because of the wind or a breeze which
+may be caused by opening or shutting a door, or it may be the skirts of
+women walking about, the dried sputum in which the germs are becomes
+mixed with the dust of the air. If we happen to be around, just at the
+particular time when the germs are blown into the air, we may breathe
+into our lungs enough of them to produce consumption. If we are in good
+health, and if we do not happen to get too large a dose of the bacteria
+at one time (and that is only a matter of luck), we can overcome them,
+as will be shown shortly. If, however, we are not in good health, if we
+are just recovering from some serious or depressing disease, such as
+Grippe, the bacteria will overcome our reserve vitality, and consumption
+will graft itself on our weakened system.
+
+How do these germs work?
+
+They lodge on some part of the lung tissue and burrow into it. They make
+a nest for themselves and begin work immediately. They live on the lung
+tissue, they multiply rapidly, they produce--as a result of their
+activity--a poisonous substance. Because of their eating up, as it were,
+the lung tissue we often find holes (cavities) in the lungs of
+consumptives. By breeding rapidly they require more and more room, so
+they invade more and more of the lung tissue and destroy it. The
+poisonous substance which they produce is absorbed by the blood. Its
+effect on the blood is to weaken it, and when the blood becomes weak the
+vitality declines, so that the patient loses weight, appetite, and
+strength. The poison also produces fever, and so the long, weary fight
+goes on till death claims the patient.
+
+WHAT HAPPENS IF WE INHALE THESE BACTERIA, AND CONSUMPTION DOES NOT
+DEVELOP.--In order to understand the answer to this question it is
+necessary to explain certain facts concerning the white blood cells. The
+white blood cells can pass through a blood vessel and back into it again
+without leaving any hole in the wall of the blood vessel.
+
+The function of the white blood cells is to wander around and if they
+discover any stray bacteria, whose presence is undesirable, it is their
+duty to get rid of it as quickly as possible. The white blood cell may
+therefore be likened to a detective whose duty it is to arrest any
+suspicious character who comes into the city. When a white blood cell
+discovers a strange microbe it immediately surrounds and encloses it
+within itself, just as your hand can enclose any small object, such as a
+cent or a dime. It then promptly goes to the nearest blood vessel,
+enters it, and is carried away in the blood stream. If we are in good
+health our blood cells are alert, active, and capable of defending us
+against any invading foe in the form of a microbe or bacteria. If we are
+not in good health the bacteria may overcome the white blood cells. If
+we inhale a large number of the consumptive bacteria at one time, and
+they succeed in getting into the lung substance, they are immediately
+met by an army of blood cells, all bent on capturing them. An actual
+battle is fought and the deciding factor of the battle will be the
+condition of the patient. If there is plenty of strength and reserve
+force, if the patient is in good health, the blood cells will win the
+battle; if the condition of the patient is poor, the blood cells will
+lose the battle and tuberculosis, or consumption, has its beginning in
+that patient from the time the blood cells lose their fight. We know the
+battle has been lost because the well-known symptoms of the disease soon
+appear. The blood cells do not retreat when defeated; they go on
+fighting to the best of their ability. Whether they ever succeed in
+overcoming the bacteria, depends upon the treatment the patient gets,
+and his personal conduct. We give him a maximum of fresh air and
+sunlight because these are the great enemies of all kinds of bacteria.
+We force his feeding and try to stimulate his appetite, hoping thereby
+to give him strength so that his blood cells will fight actively in his
+interest. We take steps to reduce his fever so that his strength may not
+be wasted and burned up. If we succeed, with the necessary active
+coöperation of the patient, the blood cells finally overcome the
+bacteria and the patient recovers from the disease.
+
+This is the story of the invasion of almost every disease. It is the
+story of the white blood cell.
+
+The white blood cell is active in another way and it is a very
+interesting way. When you cut yourself the blood cells immediately
+surround the entire cut. They line up like an army defending a city.
+They form a perfect wall, millions of them, ready to pounce upon all
+enemies in the form of bacteria or microbes, that have the temerity to
+try to creep into the wound unseen.
+
+This is the reason that so very few of the hundreds of little surface
+wounds and scratches which every one gets, ever become infected or go
+wrong in any way.
+
+When a microbe does get inside, under the skin, and becomes active, as
+they sometimes will, the white blood cell, appreciating that it cannot
+defeat the enemy, begins to build a wall around him and locks him in.
+This compels the enemy to limit his activity within the wall, which he
+does, and so an abscess is formed, which bursts when the bacteria fill
+it so full that the wall gives way and empties the poison out on the
+surface of the skin, thus saving the body from the poison of the microbe
+which would spread all through the body, were it not for the wall formed
+by the active, busy little white blood cell.
+
+The foregoing simple explanation of "how we catch disease" will no doubt
+be suggestive to the interested and careful reader. The first and most
+obvious question that suggests itself is: If we "catch" tuberculosis by
+inhaling germs from some other person's dried spittle, why are
+consumptives allowed to spit where it will do harm? Consumptives are not
+allowed to spit where it will do harm, but they do and they always will.
+
+Every department of health in every civilized corner of the globe has
+secured the enactment of laws making spitting unlawful in any public
+place. Every sanitary society, every agency whose aim is to work in the
+interest of public health, has actively aided, and is aiding, in the
+propaganda for a better universal understanding of the principles of
+sanitation and hygiene. The individual must be educated to understand
+the tragic need of such a law. You cannot legislate virtue into the
+public conscience. It is a profound reflection upon human intelligence
+to appreciate that the great white plague, for the stamping out of which
+so many thousands of lives are annually sacrificed, and so much money is
+spent, could be forever stamped out, if the human race would agree
+absolutely to stop spitting.
+
+It is the duty of every person to take an active personal interest in
+this crusade of education and emancipation. We appreciate and concede
+that a large number of those afflicted with consumption do not willfully
+spit, knowing that others may be affected as a consequence. They do it
+in ignorance. Our aim is to educate the victim to an understanding of
+the true condition. The knowledge must be carried into every home, and
+the story must be told in a simple, convincing way, to attain results.
+The mothers of the country can aid to a very considerable degree, in
+this commendable work. Every mother can tell her children the story of
+how disease is caught. She can tell them that the danger spots of
+infection are where people congregate together, in church, school,
+theater, street-cars, and railroad trains. She can teach them to breathe
+through their nostrils, especially when in these public places, because
+the nostrils are so constructed that they act as a sieve or strainer,
+they clean the air we breathe, and when we blow the nose after being in
+one of these places we blow out thousands of germs and other impurities
+which would have gone straight into the lungs if we had breathed through
+the mouth. She can teach them the value of deep breathing when in the
+open air, and of standing and walking erect so as to get all the lung
+space possible. By constantly reminding children of these little points
+you will be amazed at the progressive improvement which goes on both in
+their bodies and in their minds. They will become little missionaries,
+they will tell the story to others, and a real good can be accomplished
+in this simple way, that will grow in strength and vigor as the years
+roll round.
+
+The next suggestive feature in the reading of "How we catch disease," is
+the significant emphasis which is put upon sunlight and fresh air in the
+treatment of consumption. Sunlight, as already stated, is the great
+enemy of microbes and germs of all kinds. Where sunlight is, germs do
+not want to be. How wrong, therefore, is the habit of lowering the
+shades, when the sun shines into your home, because it "spoils the
+carpet." Let it spoil the carpet; it is much cheaper to buy a new carpet
+than to pay for a funeral. Let the sunlight stream into your rooms for
+the few hours it can every day. Germs love the dark, sunless corners
+where the dust is. Housewives should, therefore, go into the dark
+corners with a moist duster, and wipe them clean, then boil the duster
+and hang it in the sunlight to dry until needed again. If you choose to
+use a feather duster instead, as the lazy woman does, you only chase the
+dust and the germs from one corner to another, and in doing so you
+afford yourself the opportunity of swallowing a few germs in the
+passing. One may, therefore, be punished in an unexpected way for being
+lazy.
+
+For the very excellent reason that corners and angles are unsanitary,
+there are to be no more of them in the construction of houses and office
+buildings of the better class. They are being built with "round"
+corners; even the ceiling and walls, and floor and walls, meet in a
+curve,--no square crevice or corner where dust or germs can gather.
+
+If we add moisture to a sunless spot, we have the ideal environment for
+germs to breed and flourish in. There is always moisture or humidity in
+the air if the altitude is low, and if it is near the ocean, or any
+large body of water, the moisture is relatively greater. For this reason
+we send patients with pulmonary disease to the mountains, where the
+altitude is much higher, where there is no moisture, and consequently
+where there are practically no germs. We cannot move our homes to the
+mountains, however, so what must we do to get rid of the moisture and
+the germs where we are compelled to live? What do we do with the family
+wash when it is wet? We hang it up in the yard, in the sun and in the
+breeze, because we know from experience that the wind and the sun soon
+dry anything wet. They do more; they freshen everything, so that
+anything exposed to the sun and air smells fresh and sweet and is fresh
+and sweet and pure. So to make our homes sweet and fresh and dry we must
+chase the stale air away, and the moisture with it, by opening our
+windows and letting in the sunlight and the breeze, every day, and for
+as long as possible every day. Open windows and sunlight and fresh
+air,--all you can get,--this is the song of health, the joy of life, the
+only agents that will keep the eager, busy, little white blood cell
+healthy and willing and alert. This is the reason you must keep the
+windows of your bedrooms open at night, as well as by day, so you and
+your children will get fresh, pure, sweet air, and not stale, moist,
+germ-laden air to breathe.
+
+
+FACTS ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS
+
+Tuberculosis, or consumption, is a disease of poor air, dusty quarters,
+insufficient nourishment, and, above all, of ignorance with regard to
+its dangers and what we now know of the possibilities of its cure. The
+more we know about it the better chance there is to cure it, and better
+still, prevent it.
+
+Not very long ago the death rate from consumption was one in six, that
+is, every sixth person who died in this country died as a result of
+tuberculosis in some form. It is now about one in eight. This is a
+remarkable decrease--about one-third of its former ratio of victims are
+now spared. Not so very long ago the disease was regarded as practically
+fatal; now it is classified as one of the eminently curable diseases.
+The universal dissemination of this knowledge will do much to rob the
+"Great White Plague" of its terrors.
+
+Investigation and observation have demonstrated that there is in the
+great majority of people a definite tendency successfully to throw off
+the disease. It is a curious and astonishing fact, which we have learned
+from the study of the results of autopsies; we find, in nearly every
+instance, that every person in whom death occurred after thirty had had
+consumption at one time and resisted it and died of some other disease.
+We mean by this that at some time, in all likelihood during one of the
+"colds" of childhood, every one of us contracted consumption, but
+because of our vitality we successfully resisted and conquered it. In
+other words, the white blood cells won their fight.
+
+This knowledge is of great value; it taught the scientists who were
+studying the characteristics of the disease that there were conditions,
+possible of attainment, under which the human organism could definitely
+and victoriously defeat the invasion of the tubercle bacilli.
+
+The public mind, until recently, was imbued with the fallacy that the
+disease was hereditary. It was thought that if it "ran in the family"
+the victims of it were almost certain to die. We know definitely now
+that consumption is not hereditary, and that, instead of death being
+certain in a patient in whose family it has been, this fact alone
+ensures the victim a much better prospect of cure than if it had never
+existed in the family. The explanation of this seeming paradox is quite
+logical from a medical standpoint. The theory of the vaccine treatment
+of disease is that if you infuse into the blood the products of the
+germs of certain diseases, the individual in whose blood the vaccine has
+been put, will wholly resist that particular disease, or if he acquires
+it, it will be in a mild and more modified form. If a family for a
+number of generations has had various members die of tuberculosis, the
+blood stream of the family will have become so impregnated with the
+toxins, or poisons, of the disease, that, in time, a certain immunity
+will have been established. Consequently, tuberculosis in an individual,
+the blood of whose ancestors has been accustomed or habituated to the
+poison of the disease, will run a milder course, be more modified in its
+type, and will respond to treatment easier than in an individual whose
+family history is free from the taint of tuberculosis.
+
+In proof of this principle, it is a well-known fact that consumption
+runs a rapid, fatal course among those nations which have not hitherto
+been exposed to it. The death rate among our American Indians when it
+was first introduced among them was enormous.
+
+The same truth applies to syphilis. The blood of the civilized race has
+become so thoroughly syphilized, that it is no longer so susceptible to
+the disease as it once was: and the disease as we know it to-day does
+not manifest the same virulency as it did years ago, or as it does in a
+race in whom it is grafted for the first time.
+
+These ideas of the curability of the disease and of its non-heredity are
+extremely important and supremely suggestive. Tuberculosis takes only
+the quitters and the supine. Anyone who will fight bravely against the
+disease can always resist its ravages for many years, if not to the
+extent of living out a normal life.
+
+THE TENDENCY TO DISEASE.--Mothers should understand just what is meant
+by "the tendency to disease." We assert that consumption is not
+hereditary, but we know that certain individuals are born with the
+tendency to tuberculosis. Just what does this mean?
+
+Let us suppose a tubercular mother gives birth to a child. It would be
+foolish to assume that this child comes into the world with a normal
+standard of resistance; but it is certain he is not tubercular and
+doomed at the moment of his birth. He may be what is ordinarily termed
+a weak, puny, sickly infant, but the germ of disease is not implanted in
+his constitution. If he is taken from his mother, taken away from the
+tubercular environment, and brought up under the best hygienic and
+sanitary surroundings, it is possible for him to become a robust,
+healthy, normal man.
+
+The tendency to disease in this case will not materialize. If, however,
+we permit him to remain with his tubercular mother, to nurse her milk,
+to live in what necessarily is an unhygienic and unsalutary
+environment--the presence of the consumptive mother renders it so--the
+probability is that the tendency to disease, which in his case is the
+tendency to weak lungs, will materialize, because of his weak
+resistance, poor nourishment, and unfavorable surroundings. If,
+therefore, his method of living does not contribute to building up and
+strengthening what is in the first place a weak structure, the structure
+itself will, during the first strain put upon it, give way, and
+naturally the weak spot will be the point of election for the invasion
+of disease. This strain may be one of the infantile diseases,--scarlet
+fever, or measles, or whooping cough, or it may be bronchitis. Instead
+of convalescing from these conditions, as a normally constituted child
+will, this child, whose potential resistance is below standard, will
+fail to reach the rallying point, will afford a fertile field for germ
+invasion, and will develop tuberculosis,--not directly, however, as a
+result of having had a tubercular mother, but because he was not removed
+from the tubercular environment and given a fair chance. The high infant
+mortality is, to a very large extent, caused directly by this "tendency
+to disease," plus unfavorable environment, and this is wherein the
+eugenic propaganda has found its field of promise and is unassailable
+reason for active existence.
+
+Let us take another illustration, so that mother may have a full
+understanding of the far-reaching effect of the "tendency to disease."
+
+We cannot justly assume a child to have outlived its hereditary
+tendencies until it has reached the period of its full growth,
+physically, mentally, and morally. We know that this period is about
+the twenty-third year. Now a young girl of eighteen, or even twenty, who
+is successfully resisting an inherited tendency, is likely to reach her
+full physical and mental growth, providing she does not subject her
+vitality to a serious physical strain, or providing she is not the
+victim of a serious illness. Suppose this young girl marries and becomes
+pregnant; this condition immediately changes the fighting or resisting
+equation; she is no longer conserving her strength and energy; she is
+spending it out, wasting it so far as it applies to her own upbuilding.
+The percentage in favor of a successful fight against the inherited
+tendencies is greatly reduced, and as a matter of fact, statistics
+show--as is fully explained in the article on "The Evils of Early
+Marriage"--that many of these young mothers succumb to disease as a
+result of pregnancies at this period of immaturity, when they could have
+otherwise lived. The "tendency to disease" has therefore an economic
+value and the state should build along the line of the conservation of
+health in its broadest sense.
+
+THE BEST TREATMENT FOR TUBERCULOSIS.--The most important factor in the
+present-day treatment of consumption is the right kind of nourishment.
+This cannot be emphasized too strongly. In the first edition of this
+work, it was stated that the most important factor in the treatment of
+this disease was fresh air. The author has had very good reasons to
+change his opinion radically in this respect.
+
+So emphatically may this truth be asserted that it is now not at all
+necessary to seek a change of climate in the hope that such a change may
+aid the patient. It must not, however, be understood that this reasoning
+applies to charitable cases. If the patient is so situated that it is
+not possible to provide a proper environment, a change may do good. It
+is not the change of air that is responsible for the improvement,
+however, though it no doubt contributes in these cases; it is the
+altered environment.
+
+Patients who in their own homes enjoy sanitary and hygienic care; who
+may have a room of ample size for their exclusive use, which is
+thoroughly aired, day and night; who are provided with the "right kind
+of nourishment," and who will obey implicitly the rules which the
+physician, who is conversant with this particular method of treatment,
+will lay down, may be assured that a prompt response will ensue. The
+intelligent reader will understand that this statement does not apply to
+patients in the last stages of the disease. The assertion, however, must
+rightly be regarded as revolutionary. It is not what we were taught--it
+emphasizes, nevertheless, what every physician already knows, that,
+theoretically, consumption is a disease that should respond to
+treatment. That we have not had greater success with it in the past,
+must be attributed to our method of treatment. The fact that most of us
+have had the disease, and have recovered, conclusively demonstrates its
+curability. Those individuals who fail to recover promptly do not
+possess the vitality to throw it off spontaneously. If at this time--the
+real beginning of the disease--it is discovered, and the right treatment
+instituted, we immediately supply the organism with the ingredients it
+is deficient in and we are justified in looking for favorable results if
+the patient adheres to the instructions.
+
+The second essential in the treatment of consumption is an abundance of
+fresh, pure air. We therefore direct the patient to remain in the open
+as much as is possible. If circumstances permit him to sleep
+out-of-doors, so much the better; if not, he must sleep in a room with
+the windows open to the fullest extent, winter and summer. There are no
+exceptions to this rule. If it storms, the outside blinds may be closed,
+but the windows must remain open. The city air is just as efficient for
+our purpose as is the air of any other vicinity--the point is, to get
+enough of it from a mechanical standpoint. The advantages from sending
+patients away, even under the old belief, were more than discounted by
+conditions incident to the new environment that were detrimental to
+their progress. Now that we know it is not necessary or essential to
+procure any other kind or quality of air than exists in any city, all
+our efforts may be concentrated in the interest of the patient in
+directing the "right kind of nourishment" and in supervising his
+conduct. In few instances is it necessary to prescribe any medicine.
+
+In exceptional cases the cough may require some sedative remedy,
+especially if it disturbs the patient at night. Experience has taught
+us, however, that to live twelve hours in the open air and to sleep with
+the windows wide open, will do more for the cough than any medicine we
+possess.
+
+Pleuritic complications may cause pain, but this feature is best aided
+and permanently relieved by fresh air also. Very recently there were
+made exhaustive experiments in this connection in St. Thomas' Hospital,
+London, England. It was decided to subject patients to open-air tests
+for pleuritic pains in the course of consumption. This particular
+hospital is situated on the River Thames, in a notoriously damp and
+foggy part of the city; despite this drawback it was conclusively shown
+that the patients who lived night and day on the balconies breathing
+this heavy, murky, damp atmosphere, were relieved of their pains
+quicker, and more permanently, than those who were shielded in the wards
+of the hospital.
+
+Inasmuch as the patient must be adequately nourished, his cure depends
+upon the condition of the stomach. It is known that the germ works more
+actively in a patient who is losing weight. When the germ is very
+active, its poisons, circulating in the blood, cause fever and fever
+results in tissue waste. We must therefore bend every effort toward
+overcoming this tendency. If we can get the patient to take sufficient
+food and if he digests it thoroughly, the weight will increase, the
+fever will subside, and the tissue waste will stop. Patients must be
+extremely careful, therefore, what they put into their stomachs. Only
+simple, tasty, highly nutritious food should be taken, and digestive
+energy should not be wasted on less nutritious materials. For this
+reason incalculable harm has been done by indiscriminate
+medicine-taking. Medicines exert a bad influence on the stomach and
+those patients who take them lose their appetites. Drugs should never be
+taken except for a definite purpose and only on the advice of a
+physician. These patients should particularly be guarded against the use
+of advertised patent medicines. They are always bad, and never under any
+circumstances are they of any advantage, as is clearly shown in the
+chapter on "Patent Medicines." Thousands of persons die of consumption
+every year who would have lived had they not taken such remedies.
+
+The following article is sent out by the New York Department of Health
+as a Circular of Instruction regarding Tuberculosis.
+
+
+INFORMATION FOR CONSUMPTIVES AND THOSE LIVING WITH THEM
+
+     CONSUMPTION IS CHIEFLY CAUSED BY THE FILTHY HABIT OF
+     SPITTING.--Consumption is a disease of the lungs, which is
+     taken from others, and is not simply caused by colds, although
+     a cold may make it easier to take the disease. It is caused by
+     very minute germs, which usually enter the body with the air
+     breathed. The matter which consumptives cough or spit up
+     contains these germs in great numbers--frequently millions are
+     discharged in a single day. This matter, spit upon the floor,
+     wall or elsewhere, dries and is apt to become powdered and
+     float in the air as dust. The dust contains the germs, and thus
+     they enter the body with the air breathed. This dust is
+     especially likely to be dangerous within doors. The breath of a
+     consumptive, except when he is coughing or sneezing, does not
+     contain the germs and will not produce the disease. A well
+     person catches the disease from a consumptive only by in some
+     way taking in the matter coughed up by the consumptive.
+
+     Consumption can often be cured if its nature be recognized
+     early and if proper means be taken for its treatment. In a
+     majority of cases it is not a fatal disease.
+
+     It is not dangerous to live with a consumptive, if the matter
+     coughed up by him be promptly destroyed. This matter should not
+     be spit upon the floor, carpet, stove, wall, or sidewalk, but
+     always, if possible, in a cup kept for that purpose. The cup
+     should contain water so that the matter will not dry, or
+     better, carbolic acid in five per cent. watery solution (six
+     teaspoonfuls in a pint of water). This solution kills the
+     germs. The cup should be emptied into the water closet at least
+     twice a day, and carefully washed with boiling water.
+
+     Great care should be taken by consumptives to prevent their
+     hands, face, and clothing from becoming soiled with the matter
+     coughed up. If they do become thus soiled, they should be at
+     once washed with soap and hot water. Men with consumption
+     should wear no beards at all, or only closely cut mustaches.
+     When consumptives are away from home, the matter coughed up
+     should be received in a pocket flask made for this purpose. If
+     cloths must be used, they should be immediately burned on
+     returning home. If handkerchiefs be used (worthless cloths,
+     which can be at once burned, are far better), they should be
+     boiled at least half an hour in water by themselves before
+     being washed. When coughing or sneezing small particles of
+     spittle containing germs are expelled, so that consumptives
+     should always hold a handkerchief or cloth before the mouth
+     during these acts; otherwise the use of cloths and
+     handkerchiefs to receive the matter coughed up should be
+     avoided as much as possible, because it readily dries on these
+     and becomes separated and scattered into the air. Hence, when
+     possible, the matter should be received into cups or flasks.
+     Paper cups are better than ordinary cups, as the former with
+     their contents may be burned after being used. A pocket flask
+     of glass, metal, or pasteboard is also a most convenient
+     receptacle to spit in when away from home. Cheap and convenient
+     forms of flasks and cups may be purchased at many drug stores.
+     Patients too weak to use a cup should use moist rags, which
+     should at once be burned. If cloths are used they should not be
+     carried loose in the pocket, but in a waterproof receptacle
+     (tobacco pouch), which should be frequently boiled. A
+     consumptive should never swallow his expectoration.
+
+     A consumptive should have his own bed, and, if possible, his
+     own room. The room should always have an abundance of fresh
+     air--the window should be open day and night. The patient's
+     soiled wash-cloths and bed linen should be handled as little as
+     possible when dry, but should be placed in water until ready
+     for washing.
+
+     Rooms should be cleaned daily, but in order to prevent the
+     raising of dust, all floors must be well sprinkled before
+     sweeping, and all dusting, etc., done with damp cloths.
+
+     If the matter coughed up be rendered harmless, a consumptive
+     may frequently not only do his usual work without giving the
+     disease to others, but may also thus improve his own condition
+     and increase his chances of getting well.
+
+     Rooms which have been occupied by consumptives should be
+     thoroughly cleaned, scrubbed, and whitewashed, painted, or
+     papered before they are again occupied. Carpets, rugs, bedding,
+     etc., from rooms which have been occupied by consumptives,
+     should be disinfected. Such articles, if the Department of
+     Health be notified, will be sent for, disinfected, and returned
+     to the owner free of charge, or, if he so desires, they will be
+     destroyed.
+
+     When consumptives move they should notify the department of
+     health. Consumptives are warned against the many widely
+     advertised cures, specifics, and special methods of treating
+     consumption. No cure can be expected from any kind of medicine
+     or method except the regularly accepted treatment, which
+     depends upon pure air, an out-of-door life, and nourishing
+     food.
+
+     Consumptives having an opportunity of entering a sanatorium,
+     should do so at once.
+
+WHEN DELAY IS DANGEROUS.--Inasmuch as it is mother's duty to watch over
+the health and the efficiency of all members of the household, she would
+do well to establish a rule to err on the safe side in every case of
+sickness. That rule should be never to delay too long in obtaining
+medical aid.
+
+In nearly twenty years of active general practice I have had hundreds of
+"hurry" calls to "come at once." In not over a dozen of these calls did
+any of the cases demand immediate attention from a medical standpoint.
+Most of them, however, should have had earlier aid. People wait too long
+in the hope of spontaneous recovery, and when, instead of recovery, they
+realize that the patient is quite sick, they become conscience-stricken
+and send a "rush" call for the doctor. After delaying from day to day
+they decide to get professional advice and send a messenger for a
+physician with instructions to "go for another if he can't come at
+once." It is imperative he should come instantly, though they have
+delayed for a week in requesting his services. Every physician has these
+calls every week of his life. If an individual has survived a week's
+neglect, it is quite within reason to assume that he will survive
+another hour,--and during that hour the physician may have time to
+complete whatever he may be doing when the call comes.
+
+If you have been guilty of bad judgment in not sending earlier for aid,
+don't add discourtesy to your sins. The world demands of us, and every
+person has the right to expect, a certain degree of consideration and
+courtesy. If we do not give it, we only harm ourselves because the lack
+of cultivation is a detriment which limits growth and happiness. The
+degree of attainable happiness is limited by the degree of "goodness"
+that is in us. If you are not considerate, depend upon it, there is an
+element of happiness which escapes you, and you cannot attain it till
+you are considerate.
+
+It is inconsiderate and it is discourteous to send an immediate demand
+for a physician "to come at once" if there is no urgent need for his
+services, and if you have just been inspired for aid after a week's
+blindness, there is no urgency in the matter. A call in an hour would
+do just as well.
+
+Take the following case: A mother discovers a small quantity of blood in
+the diaper of her two months old baby. There is a larger quantity in the
+afternoon and she decides to give the baby a dose of castor oil. During
+the night it slept fitfully and in the morning it has a large stool as a
+result of the castor oil and there is a large quantity of blood in the
+stool. She sends a "rush" call for a physician. The physician discovers
+the following facts: The baby is being artificially fed; it has been
+vomiting its food for a week; its stools have been green, foul and
+contained mucus; it had a fever for a number of days; it has lost much
+weight and looked pale and sickly. The physician obtained this history
+from the mother--she therefore knew the baby's condition. Why did she
+delay sending for a physician? How sick did she want the child to be
+before the need for aid seemed justifiable to her? Why didn't the sight
+of blood in the stool suggest the need of assistance? What do the public
+expect of physicians in such cases? But why ask questions? Many mothers
+will doubt the existence of such a mother as is described above. They
+need not; she was one of my own patients. I do not understand such
+women; I only know that such mothers exist in quite large numbers. This
+particular mother has other children; she is a good housekeeper, is
+personally attractive, and is thought well of in the community. If such
+seemingly heartless conduct can spring from such a source is it not
+evidence of the fact that the average mother needs instruction, needs
+education, and does it not bespeak the need of eugenics being sown
+broadcast throughout the land?
+
+Delays are dangerous in all sicknesses that last, despite a thorough
+cleaning out of the bowels. To wait, hoping that "things will change,"
+is bad practice. It is unjust to the medical profession, and it is
+infinitely more unjust to the victim.
+
+There are two kinds of surgical operations--those of choice and those of
+necessity.
+
+Every one knows about the operations of necessity, most of which must
+be performed as a result of accident, but few people understand the
+dangers of delaying what are termed "operations of choice." These are
+for such conditions as appendicitis, cancer, and stomach and bowel
+troubles.
+
+Delaying an operation of choice lessens the chances of living, and
+really makes an operation of necessity with fewer chances of recovery
+than from the operations that must promptly follow injuries.
+
+When we feel that an operation is needed, or are in doubt about it, the
+wise thing to do is to consult medical authority. Then, if it is found
+there should be an operation, there is plenty of time to make every
+arrangement. We can begin to diet, which is generally necessary and
+there is every chance for speedy recovery.
+
+If a man breaks a leg and it has been set badly, the surgeons do not
+rebreak it at once, but allow it to heal and the patient to regain his
+strength, when it is again broken and reset properly. This is an
+operation of choice.
+
+But if a terrible fracture of the leg results from a fall, with the
+shattered bone protruding, an operation of necessity must follow to mend
+torn arteries.
+
+It has been learned through recently gathered statistics that about
+thirty per cent. of the people operated on for appendicitis die simply
+because they delay the operation. This should have been an operation of
+choice, when every arrangement could have been made long beforehand; the
+delay makes it an operation of necessity, with the victim in such poor
+physical condition that he has not half the strength to recover that he
+would have had if he had been wise enough to consult a physician when he
+first suspected that something was wrong.
+
+These same statistics go to show that fully 99 per cent. of the
+appendicitis cases, when taken in time, are cured by means of the
+operation, thus affording the strongest proof of the folly of delaying
+such things.
+
+The total number of deaths from appendicitis each year, due to delay in
+operating, is greater than the number of deaths during the
+Spanish-American War. There are instances where the doctors do not
+advise operations soon enough.
+
+Above all things, when a reputable physician advises operation, do not
+think you know more than the physician, but have the operation performed
+at once. Nine times out of ten this will be the means of saving your
+life.
+
+
+WHAT TO EAT AND WEAR IN HOT WEATHER
+
+No faith should be placed in the so-called "hot-weather" foods. The
+cereals and other manufactured foods advertised as possessing marvelous
+qualities, have in reality no advantage. Some of them have more or less
+value as ordinary food, but they certainly possess no unusual
+superiority. Home cooking is the best in summer or any other time.
+
+Great care should be taken to keep the system in the best possible
+condition. This will prove the most effectual safeguard against the
+heat. Some foods do not agree with certain individuals, and these should
+be carefully avoided in summer. Every person will have to judge for
+himself in this matter. Otherwise the diet should be balanced carefully
+so that enough, and yet not too much, is eaten. As much fruit as
+possible should be eaten, and meat never more than once a day. It is not
+well, however, to omit it entirely.
+
+Food sustains the body through the heat it generates chemically, and it
+is therefore impossible to eliminate a certain heating effect. If the
+system is kept normal, however, and the diet properly balanced, this
+should not be felt. Work is performed by the body and energy expended.
+This must be replaced with the heat value of food. A certain amount of
+fat, starch, and the other constituents of a well-balanced diet is
+essential.
+
+Fat meats and other forms of fat are the most heating of all foods and
+may be minimized in summer. The amount of food necessary is, of course,
+largely governed by the nature of the work performed by the individual.
+Brain workers can eat very little in the morning and during the day,
+reserving until evening the single heavy meal. If they have been doing
+this the year around they probably will be cooler during the morning and
+afternoon if a light breakfast and luncheon are eaten. It is not well,
+however, to make any radical change from one's regular habits.
+
+Manual workers require more food, and the heavy meal had best be eaten
+in the middle of the day. All three meals should be substantial. There
+is no danger of eating too much if the system is not overburdened.
+
+Not only is pork rich and fat, and therefore very heating, but it is the
+quickest of all meats to spoil. Veal also spoils very quickly if not
+kept at the proper temperature. Of all meats mutton has the best keeping
+qualities. Beef also keeps well and is a safe meat to eat in summer.
+
+Flies are dangerous under any conditions, but particularly should they
+be avoided where meat is kept. The bacteria they carry thrive
+particularly on meat, and therefore are apt more rapidly to multiply
+than if deposited on some other food. Care should be taken to buy meat
+only from places where adequate protection is provided against flies.
+
+It is of the greatest importance to keep the meat at a uniform cold
+temperature. It should not be allowed to become heated, and then cooled
+again. Some meat shops still keep the meat on open counters or hooks and
+replace it in the refrigerators at the close of the day. These shops
+should be carefully avoided. Modern methods provide glass-covered
+refrigerating counters which keep the meat cool while it is on display.
+
+Meat should be kept at as low a temperature as possible. The ordinary
+refrigerator is at a little above freezing and temperatures at or below
+zero are preferable.
+
+SCIENTIFIC DRESSING.--By dressing scientifically it is possible to
+minimize the effect of the heat. The heat from the sun must be kept away
+from the body and the heat generated by the body permitted to escape.
+These results can best be accomplished by having the clothes very loose
+fitting, so as to leave ample air space, and by having the outer clothes
+of a good non-conductor of heat. The cloth, of course, should be as
+light in weight as possible, but it is more important to have it a good
+non-conductor of heat and of porous weave.
+
+Not enough attention is paid to the selection of colors for resisting
+the heat. Two cloths identical except in color will show a great
+difference in the comparative amount of heat they let through. Light
+shades should be chosen, but care should be taken to see that they are
+not glaring, so as to irritate the eye and increase the mental effect of
+heat.
+
+Linen and silk are better non-conductors than wool. And the weave of a
+cloth has a great deal to do with the amount of heat it lets through.
+Smooth, hard weaves absorb much less heat than fuzzy weaves. For this
+reason, serge is much cooler than worsted of the same shade and weight.
+A mistake is often made, however, in getting serge of a dark blue. It
+should be of as light a color as possible; gray is much cooler than
+blue. A white serge is much cooler than white flannel, because it is
+less fuzzy.
+
+Linen is much cooler than woolens, because it is a better non-conductor
+and is of more porous weave. The linen thread is rough, which causes
+inequalities in the weave, permitting a more thorough circulation of
+air. Cotton is a still better non-conductor than linen, and would be
+preferable for summer clothes but for the fact that it neither wears nor
+holds its shape so well.
+
+Mohair is very light in weight and cool looking. As a matter of fact,
+however, it is a fairly good conductor of heat, is closely woven, and
+usually comes in dark shades. It is a woolen cloth, and any woolen has
+its threads woven more closely on account of the process of manufacture
+than linens, cotton, and silk cloths. Linen is perhaps the best material
+for summer wear. It is porous in weave, light in color, and of fairly
+light weight.
+
+It is well to remember that the safety valve of the body in hot weather
+is the evaporation of perspiration, not the act of perspiring. If the
+hand is put in a glove, for instance, it will perspire much more than if
+in the open air, but it will not be as cool. It is the evaporation that
+is a cooling process. If the perspiration is absorbed it cannot
+evaporate. That is why loose fitting undergarments are cooler than tight
+ones. It is also the reason why cotton is cooler next to the skin than
+linen or silk; it absorbs moisture less freely.
+
+DRINK PLENTY OF WATER.--Water, and a great deal of it, is desirable at
+any time during the summer. It should be drunk freely during the day.
+Lemonade also is good, the slight acid being an aid to digestion. It is
+best to have beverages cooled only to a moderate temperature. Ice water
+is not bad, but it would be preferable if it were not at so extreme a
+temperature. Ice is resorted to only as a convenient means of securing a
+palatable temperature; the system does not crave extreme cold. Water at
+the temperature of the air is nauseating, so ice is put into it and the
+other extreme secured. Sixty degrees is the ideal temperature for
+drinking water. If this could be conveniently obtained it would be
+preferred to a greater degree of cold. Not only is it less harmful to
+the system, but it is more satisfying and thirst-quenching. Water put in
+bottles and left in a refrigerator until properly chilled is the best
+way of preparing a summer beverage. When any beverage is sufficiently
+cold to cause a pain in the head or throat when drinking it the result
+may be harmful. Cold water poured on the wrist or head has a cooling
+effect and tends to reduce the ice water habit.
+
+If one could afford it, it would be well to drink nothing but mineral
+water in the summer. Not only does it assure purity, but the gas is an
+aid to digestion and serves to render the water more palatable. This
+results in more of it being drunk than if it were flat water, and it is
+desirable to drink as much water as possible in hot weather. By mineral
+water I mean carbonated bottled waters intended for table use. Care
+should be taken that the water is only lightly impregnated with salt.
+
+It is much safer to drink a well-known water. The water may not be
+bottled at the spring or it may be bottled under unsanitary conditions.
+In many cases mineral water is not all that it should be in cleanliness.
+Unless one is sure of the purity of a bottled water good hydrant water
+supplied through the city pipes is safer.
+
+In traveling, however, and at summer resorts it would be well to drink
+nothing but mineral water of a well-known brand. Only by doing this and
+by being certain that the bottle has not been refilled can one be safe.
+The supplied on trains and in resorts frequently is not as pure as that
+supplied in large cities.
+
+On the whole, however, mineral water has no particular advantage over
+ordinary water except that the well-known brands are sure to be pure,
+and the carbonization makes it more tasty and so increases the amount
+consumed. It is much safer and more healthful to drink a well-known
+mineral water than the so-called soft drinks, many of which are unclean
+and harmful.
+
+
+
+
+DISEASES OF WOMEN
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX
+
+DISEASES OF WOMEN
+
+     Importance of Diseases of Women--The Beginning of Female
+     Disease--Ailing Women Are Inefficient--As Home-makers, as Wife,
+     as Mother--Few Ailing Women Become Pregnant--The Chief Cause of
+     Female Disease--The Existence of the Average Mother--Female
+     Diseases Are Avoidable--The Story of the Wife--Women Who Don't
+     Want Children--Abuse of the Procreative Function--What the
+     Woman with Female Disease Should Do--Cancer in Women--Cancer of
+     the Breast--Cancer of the Womb--What Every Woman Should Know
+     About Cancer--Change of Life--The Menopause--The
+     Climacteric--The Average Age at Which the Change of Life
+     Occurs--Symptoms of the Change of Life--Importance of a Correct
+     Diagnosis--Danger Signals of the Change of Life--Conduct During
+     the Change of Life.
+
+
+No conscientious physician can give thought to this subject without
+being profoundly stirred. It may justly be said that all types of
+disease affecting the general health, the happiness, and the efficiency
+of the people are equally important, and should elicit the same degree
+and quality of kindly consideration. For many reasons this is not so, as
+I will endeavor to show. The dominating reason which renders diseases of
+women an exception to this rule may be mentioned here, however, so that
+the reader will keep its supreme significance prominently in mind while
+considering the subject in its various other aspects. "Diseases of
+women" rank first as a eugenic problem. They have a direct and
+far-reaching influence on posterity. They affect the environment of the
+home and thereby the health and the efficiency of all concerned.
+
+The diseases which form the basis of the statements in this article are
+as follows: leucorrhea, displacements, or malpositions of the internal
+organs; lacerations, ulcers, tumors, sexual incompetency, and the
+venereal complications.
+
+It is not possible or desirable to tabulate the symptoms which result
+from these conditions. They would not convey to the average individual a
+just picture or an intelligent summary of the life of a victim of these
+ailments. An actual description of the life of a patient will be more
+effective because it will depict the incidental domestic atmosphere in
+which most of these patients live.
+
+THE BEGINNING OF FEMALE DISEASE.--When a woman first begins to feel the
+effects of so-called "female weakness" she is conscious of not feeling
+"fit." She wonders what the matter is. She may not have actual pain at
+this time, simply the consciousness that "she is not what she used to
+be." Her work seems harder and more tedious, she worries without cause,
+she begins the day with less energy and ambition than she used to, her
+disposition is more uneven, more irritable and she tires easier and is
+more willing to retire earlier than formerly. After a time she has more
+or less undefined pains. It may be an occasional headache, or backache,
+or she may have various severe neuralgic twinges. She gets nervous and
+moody; her appetite is not good and she is troubled with constipation. A
+little later, the general condition growing worse, her nervous system
+suffers most. So she drifts into neurasthenia and has fits of crying and
+periods of melancholia. She is more irritable, more impatient, more
+dissatisfied with herself, her family, and her friends. She loses faith
+in herself, in the future, and even in her religion, and she may
+contemplate self-destruction.
+
+There are thousands and thousands of just such women in the world, and
+the pity is that many of them are mothers. It is surely self-evident
+that these women must be failures as efficient factors in many ways.
+
+
+NEUROPATHIC ANCESTRY[C]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+From a first glance at the chart it would appear that Daniel was an
+accidental case of feeble-mindedness. His progenitors were, however,
+decidedly neuropathic. The presence of apoplexy, paralysis, alcoholism
+in a family should be watched for with vigilance because of their
+possible effect upon the nervous system of the offspring.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Parents would do well to scrutinize the man who "led a fast life" before
+allowing him marry their daughter. The world would be shocked if it knew
+how many men with disease enter into conjugal relations. David's father
+had syphilis. David's feeble-mindedness was probably only one of the
+awful results.
+
+[Footnote C: "Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences," Goddard,
+The Macmillan Company.]
+
+
+AILING WOMEN ARE INEFFICIENT
+
+FIRST OF ALL AS HOME-MAKERS.--No woman can possibly be expected to
+successfully conduct a home if she is not enjoying a reasonable degree
+of good health. A home inefficiently supervised is an instrument for
+evil. It engenders discord and discontent, and it is lacking in the
+spirit which is essential to the cultivation of good-fellowship and
+which encourages harmony.
+
+AS WIFE.--Most men resent the burden and the discomfort and the expense
+of an ailing wife, no matter how well-intentioned they may be. It is a
+failing of the male species to be cursed with the inability to
+understand any type of nervousness in a wife. Being inexplicable to him
+he attributes the symptoms to an evil imagination or to a bad
+disposition. He believes he is being imposed upon and proceeds to resent
+it. Many homes are rendered permanently miserable and unhappy by a
+failure to comprehend the real source of the trouble and to apply the
+remedy. Being inefficient as a home-maker the wife is not able to carry
+out her part as housekeeper. The home atmosphere is wrecked, the husband
+seeks comfort and congenial fellowship elsewhere. His efficiency is
+compromised and his earning capacity interfered with.
+
+AS MOTHER.--Anyone familiar with the exacting obligations and
+responsibilities of motherhood can well appreciate that normal health is
+an essential requisite to its successful consummation. The success of
+motherhood depends upon the proper exercise of many diversified
+qualities, and those in turn primarily depend upon an adequate degree of
+physical fitness, otherwise failure is certain to ensue. A woman,
+therefore, cannot exercise her function of motherhood if she is a
+neurasthenic.
+
+Inasmuch as it has been proved that the regeneration of the race is
+dependent upon the maintenance of mentally and physically fit mothers,
+any condition that interferes with this standard is contrary to the
+eugenic requirement. Children sent out into the word unfit physically or
+morally are factors detrimental to the best interests of society and to
+their own progress and prosperity. A mother rendered incapable through
+sickness is, therefore, a menace to the home and to the eugenic promise.
+
+FEW AILING WOMEN BECOME PREGNANT.--Nature fortunately seems to apprehend
+the true condition because few of these women become pregnant. This
+suggests an inquiry into the cause, or causes, underlying this
+unfortunate situation.
+
+Are women responsible for these ailments?
+
+Most married women whose health is broken down by some disease peculiar
+to their sex refer the commencement of their suffering to a confinement
+or premature birth. The large majority of those women whose health is
+affected, because of some "female weakness," suffer from a displacement,
+or malposition of the internal organs, and as this condition is most
+frequently a product of maternity, there would seem to be some
+reasonable degree of justification for the assumption that the wrecked
+health is the result of a legitimate physiological act, and consequently
+a natural phenomenon. This is not, however, altogether true. A
+displacement is not, under any circumstances, a natural process. It is
+the result of causes which are avoidable. Most of them are the penalties
+imposed by nature because of the infraction of her laws. We will not
+consider those causes which have their beginning in wrong methods of
+dress or conduct during the years prior to maternity. Many such cases
+exist, but they are too few in number to justify consideration at this
+time. They are frequent enough, however, to suggest to mothers that it
+is always wise to keep a close watch over the tendencies and conduct of
+their daughters.
+
+THE CHIEF CAUSE OF FEMALE DISEASES.--When a woman has given birth to a
+child her womb begins to contract and in a very brief space of time will
+resume its normal position, provided nothing interferes with the
+process. Nature will do exactly what is right if she is permitted to
+work in her own way. In another part of this book I have explained why
+it takes time for the recently pregnant womb to contract to its normal
+size. There is a 600 per cent. increase in volume to be got rid of by
+absorption. This takes time and nature can not be hurried without
+"taking chances." This is just where the "cause" exists which we have
+been looking for. Women do take chances.
+
+Every woman should stay in bed for at least three weeks after
+confinement and should spend another three weeks convalescing before she
+assumes any domestic duty. This is a reasonable proposition when one
+considers the actual situation. There is an enormous amount of
+readjustment to be undertaken, and there is no way of hastening this
+process. There is, however, a way to assist nature and to prevent
+mistakes. That way is to remain in bed a sufficient length of time to
+allow proper contraction of the womb. While the ligaments and muscles
+are still lax, to not undertake any muscular effort that will overtax or
+overstrain them,--a condition that favors displacement by weakening the
+support of the womb. A woman cannot understand why she should stay in
+bed when she feels well enough to get up. It is, however, unjust to
+censure the sex on this account. I am convinced the fault lies with the
+medical profession who do not take time to explain, in language which a
+woman may understand, the important reasons why they should stay longer
+in bed despite the fact that they do feel well.
+
+THE EXISTENCE OF THE AVERAGE MOTHER.--In considering this subject it is
+necessary to give some serious thought to the domestic and financial
+circumstances of the thousands and thousands of average mothers. Every
+observing, thinking person knows that the average mother's existence is
+more or less of a never-ending tragedy. Physically, mentally, and
+spiritually, they are victims of unalterable economic and social
+exigencies. They are compelled, because of ignorance, to live an
+unsanitary and unhygienic existence. The care of home and children, and
+maybe the unappreciative and inconsiderate attention of a careless and
+vindictive husband, add to the incidental worries,--fraying her nerves
+and disposition,--of the ordinary routine of a cheerless, hopeless life.
+Add to this experience the enormous drain of frequent child bearing upon
+her vitality, and we have a picture with which every physician is
+familiar.
+
+Can such a woman possibly observe the essential rules of the hygiene of
+pregnancy? Has she the time and the means to build up her reserve energy
+and strength to competently undertake the duties of maternity or
+motherhood? Is she physically fit to give birth to a child? After it is
+all over can she devote the time to permit nature to do her share of the
+physical readjustment? Can she afford, or will she be permitted to
+remain in bed long enough to allow conditions to be favorable to
+getting up without "taking a chance"? Inasmuch as her muscular tone is
+poor, her strength depleted, her vitality wasted, her ambition and hope
+at a low ebb, nature should be given a longer time, under the most
+favorable hygienic and domestic conditions, to help in the problem of
+readjustment, because her whole future, as an efficient machine, as
+wife, as mother, as home-maker, and as an economic individuality, is
+dependent upon how this crisis is met. This is the most important
+problem which an enlightened civilization has before it. It is the
+supreme eugenic task, and it is the most pressing and the most vital
+question for statesmen to solve. No man can deny that the permanency of
+the state is dependent upon the function of motherhood, yet motherhood
+is conducted by unskilled labor--labor, the quality of which no business
+would tolerate. We also know that the health of the workman has become
+an economic problem. Capital finds that labor is of better quality, and
+consequently more remunerative in every sense, if the environment is
+conducive to happiness and health. Yet motherhood, the most important
+labor in the world, upon which the very existence of the state depends,
+in addition to being performed by unskilled labor, is undertaken by
+physically unfit and frequently unwilling laborers, in an environment
+which is a disgrace to civilization and which cannot be duplicated in
+the whole realm of the brute world. This is the quality of labor, the
+products of which constitute the state.
+
+If anyone is disposed to believe that this is an over-drawn picture, let
+him study the facts brought out in the recent patent medicine
+investigation. It was found that one small, unimportant, quack medical
+company had under treatment at one time (the day the government closed
+it up) 200,000 women, suffering exclusively from female diseases. How
+many similar cases must there be to support the large advertising
+concerns, whose tentacles reach to the remotest corners of the country
+and who limit their activity and cater to "diseases of women" only. Let
+him also give some thought to the fact that no specialty in the whole
+field of legitimate medical practice has grown with such enormous
+strides, or is as remunerative to the ordinary physician as the
+department of "diseases of women."
+
+FEMALE DISEASES ARE AVOIDABLE.--If, as has been asserted, the great
+majority of these ailments are traceable to causes which are avoidable,
+what is the remedy? In one word it is "Enlightenment." We must educate
+the ordinary mother who is so busy over her wash tubs and babies that
+she has no time to seek information upon subject which she doesn't even
+know exist, who does not even know how to feed her baby as well as the
+scrubbiest cat does her kitten, who does not know what eugenics means
+and is interested in it even less. We must stop limiting our talks to
+theorizing in clubs and societies. We must carry the tidings to the
+firesides of those hundreds of thousands of women who would listen and
+act, but who do not know what to do or how to correct their faults.
+
+There is another feature of this subject which should be recalled in
+this connection. It has already been gone into in detail in the article
+on eugenics. There are many thousands of women who are compelled to
+fight the battle of life, upon whom an unjust disease has been grafted,
+which is sapping their strength and vitality, and which they do not
+appreciate or understand. Husbands infect wives unwittingly, wreck their
+constitutions, blast their hope of ever having a child, and then heap
+upon them abuse for an inability for which they are themselves directly
+responsible. Many homes are desecrated in this way and the real culprit
+is never suspected. Many women, who begin their married life under the
+most auspicious conditions so far as physical fitness or temperamental
+quality is concerned, have their health, and happiness, and success
+utterly ruined, and after spending a miserable, wretched existence, have
+their hope of maternity forever blasted on the operating table. The
+story of "the wife" has never been told. It is God's riddle.
+
+WOMEN WHO DON'T WANT CHILDREN.--Sometimes the woman is at fault. Many
+young wives begin married life with the intention of not having a child
+for a year or two. They don't want to be tied down too soon. They want
+some fun themselves. They are willing to become the legal mistress of a
+man, but they are not willing to assume the responsibilities of married
+life. It is difficult to understand the ethics of this type of morality.
+I have always given these young wives credit with simply not knowing
+what they were doing. Either their education or their common sense is
+lamentably deficient, or what is still worse, their mother was the wrong
+kind of a woman. If these unfortunate young wives have no regard for the
+cultivation of a good conscience, they should at least have some regard
+for their own health. From a purely selfish standpoint,--the standpoint
+of efficiency and success,--one would imagine these women would be
+unwilling to risk their whole future physical welfare on the chance of
+immunity--and it is a small chance.
+
+ABUSE OF THE PROCREATIVE FUNCTION.--In order to carry out this
+programme, various means are brought into requisition. In many cases I
+have known the wife has compelled the husband to wear devices which
+rendered conception impossible. This is a highly reprehensible
+procedure. If continued for any length of time it will seriously affect
+the husband's nervous system and general health, as this act is simply a
+form of self-abuse. Any husband who will tolerate such imposition is
+beginning married life wrong. He will pay a high price for his
+complacency. Any woman who suggests or acquiesces in such an arrangement
+is a moral degenerate and is absolutely unworthy of ever becoming a
+mother.
+
+Some women buy expensive and fantastic syringes and proceed to abuse
+themselves with strong antiseptic solutions. This will result in killing
+the sensitiveness of the terminal nerves and end in depriving themselves
+of the pleasure with which a wise Providence endowed the procreative
+act. If the element of sexual incompetency enters the home of a young
+couple, it is the beginning of the end and each chapter of the story
+will be a worse hell than the one just ended. The wise husband will see
+that its cause will not be tolerated or begun in his family.
+
+If pregnancy should unwittingly occur they do not hesitate to adopt
+drastic means to "bring themselves around." They will procure some
+prescription which may have gone the rounds as a "marvel" but which
+always fortunately fails when they need it most. Thus they subject their
+system to the shock of violent medication and lay up for themselves in
+the future untold miseries. If these means fail, they go to "a woman
+whom they know" who "brings them around." If these young wives only knew
+what they were doing they could not be bought at any price to submit to
+such surgical tragedies. The least probable result will be that when the
+time arrives and circumstances are opportune to have a baby, and when it
+is their dearest wish to be a mother, they will discover that they no
+longer possess the ability to conceive. Many homes have been rendered
+childless in just this way. You cannot violate the laws of nature
+without paying the penalty in some way, and it is usually a sad
+reckoning.
+
+WHAT THE WOMAN WITH FEMALE DISEASE SHOULD DO.--To those wives who are
+suffering with "female weakness," or who are in poor health without
+apparent or known cause, I would strongly advise a visit to their family
+physician or to an expert in diseases of women. Tell him exactly how you
+feel and submit to a thorough examination. Most of the diseases of women
+are readily curable, and if treated right all the symptoms which have
+rendered life miserable will disappear. It may be stated with the
+strongest emphasis, however, that no treatment from an advertising
+concern, or any patent medicine ever made, will in any sense cure any of
+these ailments. Every cent invested in any of these nostrums is money
+wasted. Medicine by the mouth is never necessary to affect a cure of the
+actual ailment. A physician will doubtless prescribe a tonic for your
+general rundown condition. But even this would totally fail if the cause
+of the ill health was not removed, and this necessitates an examination
+and special local treatment. For any advertising concern to assert that
+it can tell what ails a patient by simply filling out a symptom blank is
+utter nonsense. It is worse. It is obtaining money under false
+pretenses, and should be punishable by imprisonment at hard labor for a
+long term.
+
+
+CANCER IN WOMEN
+
+My only object in referring to this disease is to direct the attention
+of women to its symptoms.
+
+The only cure for cancer at the present time is the knife. If the
+disease can be reached it can be cured, if taken in hand early.
+
+In women, cancer occurs most frequently in the breast and in the womb.
+
+CANCER OF THE BREAST.--Of all the tumors which affect the breast, cancer
+is the most frequent. Any tumor in the breast of a woman forty years of
+age or more is quite likely to be a cancer. A tumor (or lump) which has
+remained small for years and then begins to grow rapidly has changed its
+type and become cancerous. Many such tumors change in this way during
+the "change of life." Any tumor of the breast, at any age, which remains
+despite effort to dissipate it should be removed by operation. A
+physician is not justified in assuring a woman that a lump in the breast
+is harmless. It should be cut into and examined to positively decide its
+character. Early operation of tumors of the breast has greatly reduced
+the percentage of deaths from cancer.
+
+CANCER OF THE WOMB.--Occasional slight hemorrhages becoming more
+frequent, and later more abundant and offensive, constitute one of the
+first symptoms of cancer of the womb. Between the actual bleedings there
+is a discharge resembling dish-water. This discharge has a foul odor.
+Pain is as a rule a late symptom. Sometimes a severe pain extending into
+the hip or abdomen is an early symptom but it is very infrequent. Every
+woman over thirty who has a persistent leucorrhea, or any irregularity
+of the menstrual function, should be examined for cancer.
+
+WHAT EVERY WOMAN SHOULD KNOW ABOUT CANCER.--Inasmuch as cancer is
+curable if taken early, every woman should take steps to be on the safe
+side.
+
+If cancer is not taken early, it is certain death. A very large number
+die who could have been saved.
+
+Every lump in the breast should be positively diagnosed by cutting into
+it and examining it. It would be safer to remove every tumor of the
+breast at an early date.
+
+Any discharge from the privates of a woman which has a bad or foul odor
+is suspicious; any irregular bleeding is more than suspicious. Any woman
+having these symptoms should be examined by a competent physician. Every
+woman over thirty-five years of age should be examined by a physician
+every six months. No woman should enter the change of life without a
+very thorough examination. Cancer is a disease which does not permit
+"taking a chance" with. It is far better to be certain, since it is
+curable if caught early, than to find out about it when too late,
+because, "too late" means death.
+
+
+"CHANGE OF LIFE." THE MENOPAUSE
+
+The average period of life during which a woman menstruates is from
+thirty to thirty-two years. When this period is about to expire she
+enters what is termed the "change of life," or the menopause, or the
+climacteric.
+
+The average age at which "change of life" occurs in this country is
+about the forty-sixth year. It may normally occur, however, at any time
+between the fortieth and fiftieth year. There are cases on record when
+it has occurred earlier than the fortieth and later than the fiftieth
+year. When menstruation in a girl begins early, the menopause occurs
+late. On the other hand, if a girl does not have her regular monthly
+periods until she is older than usual,--about the eighteenth or
+twentieth year,--the "change of life" will set in at a very early age.
+Women who are victims of certain exhausting diseases, as, consumption,
+Bright's disease of the kidney, diabetes, or whose health is poor
+because of general physical debility from any cause, or who have had a
+large number of children in rapid succession, enter the "change of life"
+earlier than they otherwise would if their health was good. In women who
+are excessively fat the menopause is apt to occur at an early age. On
+the other hand disease of the generative organs, or the presence of
+tumors of the womb may retard the process. Women in the higher walk of
+life, those living in cities those who do not labor or exercise
+sufficiently will enter this period at an earlier date than those who
+live in the country, who work and are physically more healthy.
+
+SYMPTOMS OF "CHANGE OF LIFE."--When the menopause begins, the monthly
+periods are less profuse, the flow is scanty. As the months pass,
+menstruation becomes less and less until it ceases entirely. In a
+certain number of cases it stops abruptly and never appears again.
+Sometimes a period misses altogether, or a number of periods are passed
+over without any sign of menstruation, after which it may reappear
+either as a scanty flow, or as a profuse discharge. This may be followed
+for a number of months by irregular appearances of the menstrual
+phenomenon and then by its total cessation.
+
+These may be the only symptoms or signs of the "change of life," and
+this is the normal state if the health is good. It cannot, however, be
+said that this is the average experience. Unfortunately the women of the
+present time do not live lives which conduce to robust health at this
+period of life. We find as a rule that the general health is below par.
+So they suffer from headache, "flushes," digestive disturbances, and
+many nervous symptoms which appear to be directly caused by the process
+through which they are passing. The "flushes" are disagreeable
+experiences. They consist of a feeling of heat which spreads over the
+entire body as if the blood was rushing to the surface and to the head.
+These flushes are followed by sweating and chilly sensations. The
+nervous symptoms may be quite marked. The woman loses her interest in
+the daily happenings. She may have mental vagaries, she is irritable and
+often melancholy and periods of seeming insanity may occur.
+
+IMPORTANCE OF A CORRECT DIAGNOSIS.--It is a mistake to attribute every
+symptom a woman may have at this time of life to the menopause. She is
+just as liable to develop conditions at this time, which she would at
+any age, and which have no relation to the "change of life." Every
+symptom should, therefore, be carefully investigated, because serious
+conditions may complicate the menopause, and if attributed to it and
+neglected, may end disastrously.
+
+During the "change of life," the generative organs become smaller or, as
+it has been termed, "dry up." The breasts also are involved in the
+shrinking process. It is quite a common experience for women to "lay on"
+fat, to become "flabby," at this age.
+
+It is important that women should become familiar with the ordinary
+symptoms of the "change of life," in order that they may be constantly
+on guard against conditions that may indicate danger. Medical
+investigation has conclusively proved that many women lose their lives
+because they regarded the presence of certain symptoms as common to the
+"change of life." There is a tendency to disease at this time which must
+be intelligently considered, and if women are not posted to note unusual
+signs or symptoms they may neglect or ignore them, only to find when too
+late that these signs and symptoms were no part of the "change of life."
+
+THE DANGER SIGNALS OF THE CHANGE OF LIFE.--There are certain "danger
+signals" which should warn every woman that something is amiss, these
+are:--
+
+(1) Profuse bleeding during the process of the "change."
+
+(2) Bleeding occurring between the regular menstrual periods.
+
+(3) The reappearance of slight bleedings or hemorrhages after
+menstruation has ceased for a number of months.
+
+These symptoms are always suggestive of the presence of conditions that
+should not exist. They may indicate cancer, or some less serious
+condition that is amenable to cure by prompt and efficient treatment.
+Inasmuch as they may mean the beginning of cancer,--as explained in the
+preceding chapter on cancer, and which should be read in this
+connection,--immediate steps should be taken to find out the actual
+facts. Delay means death if it is cancer, while the most recent
+statistics show that in many cases a complete cure is possible if the
+surgeon gets the case early.
+
+CONDUCT DURING "CHANGE OF LIFE."--When a woman enters the "change of
+life" she is approaching a crisis that demands the most conscientious
+attention on her own part, and the sincerest consideration by all around
+her. She has reached the time of life when she owes herself something,
+and if she is wise she will willingly pay the debt. If she is not in
+good health she must make every effort to regain it promptly, even if
+radical measures must be employed in doing so. Nothing will contribute
+to her mental and physical comfort more than robust health during this
+period.
+
+She must employ every hygienic measure that experience has taught us
+contributes to our well being. She must live an outdoor life as much as
+possible, taking sufficient exercise to keep the muscles and bodily
+functions in good condition. If she cannot exercise enough she should
+sit out of doors, dressed in seasonable clothing, and she should make up
+the deficiency in exercise by employing a competent masseuse. A thorough
+massage twice a week is sufficient. If her physician recommends an
+occasional Turkish bath it is a desirable aid as it helps the skin to
+throw off any excess of waste matter that may be circulating in the
+blood.
+
+The home environment of these women should be congenial, and they should
+be relieved of the work and worry incident to domestic life. The nervous
+condition demands this degree of consideration, and the husband should
+make it his business to see that the wife, who has toiled to aid him
+during all the long years of married companionship, is accorded every
+possible help through the most trying and important period of her life.
+It is not to be understood, however, that she should be left without
+occupation. It is possible to indulge in congenial work which will
+occupy her time and attention without overtaxing her strength or fraying
+her nerves. A certain amount of amusement is desirable, and helps to
+tide over periods that might lag and encourage introspection and worry.
+An entire change of scenery and surroundings. A visit to the seashore or
+to the mountains is to be commended.
+
+During this period the diet should be simple and the bowels should be
+kept open regularly. Inasmuch as these patients frequently suffer from
+digestive disturbances, it is wise to refrain from those articles of
+diet that ordinarily cause indigestion. Such articles are, sweet dishes,
+pies, pastries, candies, fresh bread, fried food, sugars, and the
+relishes and seasoning extras which constitute the et ceteras of the
+table. Meat should never be taken to excess, alcohol and all stimulants
+are to be avoided. Water may be taken freely to advantage.
+
+
+
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL
+
+     What Mothers Should Know About the Patent Medicine
+     Evil--Tonics--Used by Temperance People Because it Could
+     "Stimulate"--Stomach Bitters--Blood
+     Bitters--Sarsaparilla--Celery Compounds--Malt Whisky--Headache
+     Remedies--Pain Powders--Anti-headache Powders--Headache
+     Powders--Soothing Syrups--Baby's Friends--Catarrh
+     Powders--Kidney Pills--Expectorant--Cough Syrup--Lithia
+     Waters--Health, Wealth and Happiness for a Dollar a Bottle--New
+     Discovery for Consumption--Consumption Cure--Cancer
+     Cures--Pills for Pale People--Elixir of Life.
+
+
+WHAT MOTHERS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL
+
+Much has been written about the patent medicine evil during the past few
+years. One very thorough crusade has been instituted and efficiently
+carried through, exposing the evils of the patent medicine business.
+Whatever legislation is in force to-day which has for its object the
+regulation of the evil, is largely a product of that crusade.
+Notwithstanding these efforts, it is a fact that scarcely any of the
+great majority who should be interested in the subject, because they are
+its victims, have any knowledge of the nature or extent of the evil, or
+appreciate its far-reaching and pernicious influence. For two reasons I
+regard it as peculiarly fitting, that the subject should be given
+adequate consideration in this book:--
+
+First, because mothers should be told the whole truth about all
+conditions that have any influence on the health of the members of the
+home.
+
+Second, because though we are the victims of many evils and many forms
+of "graft," which directly or indirectly affect our pockets and our
+morals, we submit to them because they have no bearing on the physical
+well-being of the race. As mothers, however, and as the conservers of
+the fitness of the family and the home, we are directly and rightly
+interested in an evil which deeply affects the health and the efficiency
+of members of the family as the patent medicine evil does. It is through
+the mothers of the race that this enemy of the home must be finally and
+completely overthrown. If every mother in the land could be taught to
+understand even a fraction of the truth of the insidious wrong hidden
+under the mask of the nostrum advertisement, we would witness a
+righteous resentment that could only be satisfied by legislative
+enactment that would wipe out forever the whole infamous business. No
+spasmodic or localized effort will ever succeed against this public
+enemy. Its very strength is the people whom it dupes and despises,
+because they supply the money with which the patent medicine combine
+fights its battles.
+
+It has been estimated that three hundred millions of dollars are spent
+annually on patent medicines and fake medical cures in the United
+States. Three hundred million dollars fraudulently obtained every year,
+mostly from the poor, is surely a subject deserving of honest and
+careful consideration.
+
+The pure food and drug act compelled the manufacturers of patent
+medicines to publish the formulæ of their remedies on their labels. This
+is a big step in the right direction. Many States have helped the
+propaganda in one way or another, but much remains to be done. When the
+formulæ were demanded it was discovered that all nostrums belonged to a
+certain class. For example it was found that the soothing syrups--which
+are fed to babies--all contained opium in some form, or an equally
+dangerous drug. The headache remedies were all dangerous, every one of
+them containing ingredients which affect the heart seriously. The
+so-called tonics owed their chief virtue to their stimulating effect,
+which was due to the alcohol they contained and which in many instances
+practically equaled ordinary whisky in quality, quantity, and effect.
+
+It has been authoritatively stated that more alcohol is consumed in this
+country in patent medicines than is dispensed in a legal way by licensed
+liquor venders, barring the sale of ales and beer.
+
+Many so-called remedies were found to contain absolutely no medication
+at all. They were simply sugar, or starch, or some harmless substance.
+But they were being sold to cure anything from kidney disease to cancer.
+It was an astonishing revelation and in a way it showed how far men will
+go to attain financial success.
+
+A well-known tonic was at the time of the investigation one of the most
+prominent proprietary nostrums in the country. The actual cost including
+bottle, label, contents, and packing is between fifteen and eighteen
+cents. It costs in the drug store $1.00 per bottle. It was found to
+contain alcohol and water and a pinch of burnt sugar for coloring
+purposes, and one-half of one per cent. of mild drugs. It was claimed
+that it would cure all or any of the diseases listed in the book, and
+that list practically includes all the ills of man. It is within the
+limits of truth to assert that this tonic, though advertised as a
+medicine, was largely in demand as a stimulant and intoxicant,--just as
+a certain famous malt whisky is to-day. Voluminous evidence is on record
+wherein it is shown that it was used in enormous quantities as a
+stimulant, in exactly the same way as ordinary whisky is used. The dose
+of any medicine is, as a rule, seldom over a tablespoonful three or four
+times a day. The average individual would imagine that there would be
+some risk attached to increasing the dose from a tablespoonful to the
+contents of a large size bottle. The only risk was that the patient got
+a more profound and maybe a more satisfying "jag." In "no license" towns
+this tonic was bought by the druggists in gross lots and used
+exclusively for its intoxicating properties. In southern Ohio, and in
+the mountain districts of West Virginia the "---- jag" was a standard
+form of intoxication. In many Southern newspapers there appeared
+regularly advertised cures for the "---- habit," brought on by the use
+of this preparation,--and no doubt the cure was a stronger percentage of
+liquor as this scheme was frequently worked to steal the patients from
+one remedy to another.
+
+The following communication was sent out by the Department of the
+Interior, as a result of the alarming reports which were regularly
+reaching Washington regarding the prevalence of drunkenness among the
+Indians, despite the fact that "no liquor" was sold in these government
+reservations. The fact was that the Indians had discovered this pleasant
+tonic.
+
+     DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
+
+     Office of Indian Affairs.
+
+     Washington, D. C.
+
+     To Indian Agents and School Superintendents in charge of
+     Agencies:
+
+     In connection with this investigation, please give particular
+     attention to the proprietary medicines and other compounds
+     which the traders keep in stock, with special reference to the
+     liability of their misuse by Indians on account of the alcohol
+     which they contain. The sale of ----, which is on the lists of
+     several traders, is hereby absolutely prohibited. As a
+     medicine, something else can be substituted; as an intoxicant,
+     it has been found too tempting and effective....
+
+Mr. S. H. Adams in "The Great American Fraud" writes as follows: "The
+other reason why this or some other of its class is often the agency of
+drunkenness instead of whisky is that the drinker of it doesn't want to
+get drunk, at least she doesn't know that she wants to get drunk. I use
+the feminine pronoun advisedly, because the remedies of this class are
+largely supported by women. Several of the others of these well-known
+proprietary medicines depend for their popularity chiefly on their
+alcohol. One celery compound relieves depression and lack of vitality on
+the same principle that a cocktail does, and with the same necessity for
+repetition. I know an estimable lady from the Middle West who visited
+her dissipated brother in New York--dissipated from her point of view,
+because she was a pillar of the W. C. T. U., and he frequently took a
+cocktail before dinner and came back with it on his breath, whereon she
+would weep over him as one lost to hope. One day, in a mood of brutal
+exasperation, when he had not had his drink and was able to discern the
+flavor of her grief, he turned on her: 'I'll tell you what's the matter
+with you,' he said, 'You're drunk--maudlin drunk!'
+
+"She promptly and properly went into hysterics. The physician who
+attended diagnosed the case more politely, but to the same effect, and
+ascertained that she had consumed something like half a bottle of a
+certain swamp root that afternoon. Now, swamp root is a very creditable
+'booze,' but much weaker in alcohol than most of its class. The brother
+was greatly amused until he discovered, to his alarm, that his drink
+abhorring sister couldn't get along without her patent medicine bottle!
+She was in a fair way, quite innocently, of becoming a drunkard."
+
+Another famous stomach bitters was found to contain, according to an
+official State analysis, 44 per cent. of alcohol; another mixture
+contained 20 per cent. of alcohol; a certain blood bitters contained 25
+per cent. of alcohol; a sarsaparilla 26 per cent.; a celery compound 21
+per cent.; the malt whiskey is in this class and is a particularly
+obnoxious fraud, for it pretends to be a medicine and to relieve all
+kinds of lung and throat disease. It is especially favored by temperance
+people because in this way they get their "grog" in the guise of a
+medicine. It is sold in many places across the bar of saloons at 15
+cents per drink, as many other brands of rye and Bourbon whisky are
+sold.
+
+Think of treating any disease of the stomach with the famous stomach
+bitters containing 44 per cent. of alcohol,--just 6 per cent. less than
+the amount of alcohol in an ordinary bottle of whisky. Yet all of these
+patent medicines have made fortunes for their owners, some of them have
+made millions in a few years.
+
+A number of years ago a company with a keen vision for profits conceived
+the idea of bottling the water of the Great Lakes and selling it at
+almost champagne prices. When delivered to the druggist ready for sale
+the "remedy" contained 99 per cent. water, the other 1 per cent.
+consisting of a few drops of an inert acid, used simply to give it a
+slight tart taste. The preparation had absolutely no medical utility of
+any description.
+
+One of the greatest advertising crusades ever carried out in the
+interest of a patent medicine was inaugurated and in these
+advertisements it was claimed that it would cure:--
+
+    Asthma,
+    Bronchitis,
+    Coughs, Colds,
+    Cancer,
+    Dyspepsia,
+    Fevers,
+    Hay Fever,
+    Leucorrhea,
+    Piles, Quinsy,
+    Skin Diseases,
+    Throat Troubles,
+    Abscess,
+    Blood Poison,
+    Consumption,
+    Catarrh,
+    Dandruff,
+    Gallstones,
+    Influenza,
+    Malaria,
+    Rheumatism,
+    Tuberculosis,
+    Anemia,
+    Bowel Troubles,
+    Contagious Diseases,
+    Dysentery, Diarrhea,
+    Eczema, Erysipelas,
+    Goiter, Gout,
+    La Grippe,
+    Neuralgia,
+    Scrofula,
+    Tumors, Ulcers,
+
+all diseases that begin with fever, inflammations, all catarrh, all
+contagious diseases, all the results of impure or poisoned blood. "In
+nervous diseases this remedy acts as a vitalizer, accomplishing what no
+drugs can do." These are the exact words of the advertisement. It ought
+to take a stronger vitalizer than water from the Great Lakes to induce
+anyone to believe such a story; and yet this company attained a
+remarkable success and had no difficulty in obtaining thousands of
+testimonials.
+
+We are certainly a nation of dupes, and Barnum's dictum, that "the
+public loves to be fooled," is literally true. In a number of instances
+the proprietor of a successful remedy has been asked under oath if his
+preparation had any curative value and he has refused to answer the
+question, while thousands of foolish people have sent him unsolicited
+testimonials asserting its remarkable merits as a cure in all kinds of
+conditions. Some of these ignorant people actually believe what they
+write, but most of them write "to see their name in the paper," while
+many of them are paid for it.
+
+It was stated in the literature sent all over the country by this
+company that their remedy was really liquid oxygen. It would be nearer
+the truth to state that the moon was made of green cheese. The one
+assertion can be disproved, the other cannot with scientific exactness.
+Liquid oxygen practically does not exist. Assuming that it could be
+obtained in teaspoonful doses, and assuming that some dauntless
+individual made the attempt to take a dose, he would never swallow it
+for the reason that it would freeze his teeth, tongue, mouth, and
+throat, so that they would be useless to him for the remainder of his
+life. If by any miracle it could be swallowed, the undertaker would have
+to thaw him out over a stove in order to assure him a respectable
+burial. We may safely feel certain that the nostrum was not liquid
+oxygen. It is, however, a very fair sample of the foolish kind of lies
+which all of these nostrum venders employ,--they are after, and appeal
+only to the ignorant. I am informed that the directors of this company
+decided to retire as ordinary millionaires rather than risk the chance
+of developing nervous prostration, in which event they might have felt
+it somewhat disloyal not to have taken their own medicine.
+
+HEADACHE REMEDIES.--Most headache remedies are dangerous. The following
+are in this class; orange powders, bromo powders, pain powders, headache
+powders, anti-headache, and practically all headache powders or remedies
+sold in drug stores.
+
+Many deaths are on record from the use of orange powders and from
+others. There are many examples of what an unthinking individual may do
+to helpless little children.
+
+Orange powders were recommended for the cure of asthma, biliousness,
+headache, colds, catarrh, grip, diarrhea, hay fever, insomnia,
+neuralgia, seasickness, and sciatica. There is no known cure for a
+number of these diseases, and apart from the malicious assumption of the
+claim, orange powders will not cure any of them.
+
+Another dangerous headache nostrum, widely advertised all over the
+country, is responsible for many deaths as a result of its use. It is
+absolutely unsafe, as previously stated, to use any of these remedies.
+Death by heart failure is on the increase in this country and it may
+safely be attributed to the indiscriminate use of these powerful and
+toxic nostrums.
+
+The "soothing syrups" depend upon opium to effect their result. The
+drugging of helpless infants has been a source of profit to the vender
+of patent medicines for many years. A certain Baby Friend,--a touching
+name, and in which one would not expect to find an enemy in the guise of
+a deadly poison,--is a combination of sweetened water and morphine. This
+disgraceful mixture, considering the use for which it was designed,
+would be bad enough if it was the evil concoction of a man rendered
+irresponsible by a strenuous craving for blood-money, but to know that
+its proprietor is a woman seems beyond belief. I wonder if she would
+feel sufficiently respectable and decently clean enough to stand on the
+platform and face an audience of American mothers? I think not.
+
+Catarrh powders contain, as a rule, cocaine, one of the most insidious
+and dangerous of drugs. None of them cure catarrh, they simply relieve
+for the time being at the expense of injuring more vital parts. Their
+use also very frequently disposes the victim to postpone treatment that
+would be beneficial until too late. M----'s Kidney Pills were said to
+cure Bright's disease, gravel, all urinary troubles and pain in the back
+or groins from kidney disease. Analysis showed them to consist of
+ordinary white sugar. They contained absolutely no medication, and yet
+they were freely sold to cure the above serious conditions. A famous
+expectorant and an equally famous cough syrup contain opium and when
+taken for the cure of cough are distinctly dangerous.
+
+It is foolish and unnecessary to name any other patent medicine in the
+list of those that are distinctly harmful and dangerous to use. There
+are hundreds of them. It would take a book of a thousand pages to give
+their names and write the data that have been obtained against them.
+Every advertised medicine should be absolutely avoided. I could fill
+this book with the death certificates of those who have died as a
+result of the indiscriminate use of advertised nostrums. It is an
+appalling record; the unfortunate part being that it is impossible to
+acquaint every citizen with the facts.
+
+Duplicity and misrepresentation are not confined to patent medicines.
+Even the mineral waters are misrepresented and lied about. A
+much-advertised lithia water, before the passage of the pure food and
+drugs act, was highly vaunted as a uric acid eliminant because of the
+lithia it was said to contain. Thousands, probably millions of gallons
+of it have been sold during the past twenty years, to people who could
+not very well afford to pay for it, because of this claim, despite the
+fact that it is well known that lithia is not a uric acid eliminant, and
+despite the additional important fact that the government analysis of
+this lithia water proved that it practically contained no lithia
+whatsoever. It is now being sold as an "alkaline diuretic." This claim
+is no better supported by facts than the former claim that it was a
+lithia water. Of course it is a diuretic, because water is the best
+diuretic we possess, but any ordinary pure water, which costs nothing,
+will just as effectually accomplish all that this lithia water could as
+a diuretic.
+
+It is a fact that the judgment of a sick person is not reliable. For
+this reason a physician never tries to treat himself when sick, nor will
+a physician treat any member of his family for much the same reason. His
+sentiment overrules his judgment and he cannot depend upon his
+decisions. An individual who is not well may be influenced by an
+irresponsible person, or by a clever, subtly worded advertisement, to
+use remedies that are not only dangerous in themselves, but which are
+wholly unsuited to the condition for which they are taken.
+
+Quite a common characteristic of sick people is unreasonableness. They
+become irritable and discouraged, and not being able to rely upon their
+own judgment they fail to render to themselves the degree of justice
+that is essential to peace of mind and a favorable convalescence. They
+may place themselves in the care of a reputable and thoroughly qualified
+physician, but if they do not observe distinct evidences of improvement
+within a very brief period they lose faith in him and change their
+doctor. They may do this a number of times, until finally they reach the
+conclusion that the entire medical profession is a fraud. They are then
+the legitimate victims of the patent medicine shark or the fake-curist.
+Probably ninety-nine per cent. of the victims of these parasites are
+obtained in this way. The statement often seen in testimonials to the
+effect, that "the best doctors failed to cure me," is not true in any
+instance. The truth is, that the individual failed to give the doctors
+the opportunity to cure him, and the reason he did not give them the
+chance was because they treated him as a man and as a human being, which
+he proved not to be. Had the first doctor he consulted adopted the
+tactics of the quack he would have cured him in a much shorter time.
+Instead of doing that, he told him the exact truth and charged him an
+ordinary office fee, while the quack told him lies and charged him a
+large sum of money to cure him. The latter gentleman, knowing the
+tendency to vacillate which these individuals have, ensured himself the
+time necessary to a cure by compelling him to pay the entire sum in
+advance, which is their universal custom. The patient, therefore, could
+not afford to change his doctor this time, and as time was all that was
+necessary to his cure, the wily and oily quack gets all the credit for
+effecting a cure, which "the best doctors could not accomplish." It is a
+simple game, and the explanation is just as simple, but there are those
+who will not see, and there are those who cannot be told.
+
+It is not simple justice, however, to blame these individuals
+altogether. We must keep in mind the irresolute judgment which is to a
+certain extent a product of the ill-health with which the patient
+suffers and the consequent easy tendency to be persuaded one way or
+another. The way in which these people are influenced is always the
+wrong way for the following reason. No person with any judgment or
+common sense or justice or sympathy would be fool enough or inhuman
+enough to give advice to a suffering sick man or woman as to what he or
+she should do or take. These individuals do not lack advice, however.
+There is always the pestering idiot around who knows exactly what
+should be done, and who does not hesitate to enter where an angel would
+fear to tread.
+
+In the columns of almost every newspaper one may find promises of
+health, wealth and happiness for a dollar a bottle. Even consumption has
+been vaunted as an easily curable disease by a hundred different
+nostrums, though the truth is that it is incurable by any known drug.
+Men who advertise these remedies are deliberately trafficking in human
+life, and they are thoroughly well aware of it. It is difficult to
+conceive of the type of manhood who would advertise a remedy as "The
+only sure cure for consumption in the world;" this was extensively done
+by the concern that put a certain "New Discovery for Consumption" on the
+market. Further announcement was made that "it strikes terror to the
+doctors," and that it was "the greatest discovery of the century." Every
+such assertion is a lie. It was found to be a mixture of morphine and
+chloroform. It is a wicked concoction to give to any human being in good
+health. To a consumptive it is admirably designed to shorten the life of
+anyone who will take it steadily in the hope of a cure. It certainly
+struck terror in the hearts of the doctors after its composition was
+known and when it was remembered to whom it was to be given.
+
+"Consumption Cure" was found to contain one of the most deadly of known
+poisons,--prussic acid. In a booklet which was sent out by the
+proprietors of a certain cough syrup the following contemptible
+assertion is made: "There is no case of hoarseness, cough, asthma,
+bronchitis, or consumption that cannot be cured speedily by the proper
+use of this cough syrup." Such a cruel and dangerously fraudulent
+statement is absolutely inexplicable to any honest mind. Dr. ----'s
+---- pills for pale people, were advertised to cure paralysis. They were
+found to be made of green vitriol, starch and sugar.
+
+Those who bought these nostrums not only wasted their money, but they
+threw away any chance of relief they have, by failing to adopt the
+proper treatment until it was too late.
+
+In directing the attention of mothers to the evil of the patent medicine
+business it is my earnest hope that they will give to the subject
+something more than a mere passing interest. To an intelligent
+individual no lengthy argument,--other than the recital of such facts as
+are given in this article,--is necessary to prove that it is an evil
+which is deserving of the most serious consideration.
+
+The business is one that appeals only to the ignorant. This is a plain
+and probably a harsh assertion, nevertheless it is absolutely the simple
+truth. The language and the reasoning of the nostrum vender are not
+designed to appeal to the trained, educated mind, or to an individual
+possessing innate common sense. Even though the average person is
+unacquainted with the constituents of a remedy that apparently enjoys a
+large success, the absurd claims made for it should safeguard them
+against its use. Few would have purchased ordinary water at $1.00 a
+bottle had they known what they were buying. But an individual with any
+reasoning ability or ordinary common sense, should have been sceptical
+regarding the merits of any remedy that was claimed to "cure," among
+other diseases, consumption, cancer, rheumatism, malaria, gallstones,
+asthma, blood poison, dandruff, and all contagious diseases. It would be
+impossible to conceive a more mendacious and absurd claim, and it would
+be impossible to concoct a more impertinently foolish assumption than to
+assume that such a claim would receive the consideration of a sane mind.
+
+Unfortunately, however, we are compelled to recognize that there are
+some curious people in the world, people whose reasoning methods are
+inexplicable, whose conclusions are not based upon any system of ethics
+or of logic. They believe what they choose to believe, irrespective of
+the quality of the testimony which may be advanced to refute their
+belief. The following incident illustrates this peculiar perversity: A
+woman patient of mine suffered from an obstinate and harassing cough.
+Though her general health was rather poor, her lungs were not affected.
+The cough persisted in spite of all efforts of specialists to alleviate
+it. The nervous condition of the patient, and an unusually long spell of
+inclement March weather, were directly responsible for the intractable
+character of the ailment. I advised her to visit Florida. This advice
+was given because her parents were then residing in that State. She did
+go to Florida and her husband informed me a few weeks later that she was
+entirely free from the cough and was enjoying good health. A number of
+months later, shortly after her return home, I was called to attend her
+husband. During the conversation incident to the call, she asked if I
+"knew what cured her awful cough." Somewhat amazed, I replied,
+"Certainly, Florida." She answered, with positive emphasis, "No, sir,
+Florida did not." I then asked her to please explain the mystery and was
+regaled with the following interesting information:
+
+A few days after she reached Florida she met a woman--one of those
+irresponsible individuals who meander through life giving free advice
+upon subjects which they know nothing about, who talk eruptively and
+voluminously because talking is an easily acquired habit. This
+particular missionary of evil immediately confided to her the secret of
+her life, how she was made a well woman and cured wholly of all physical
+ills. She told her there was a man in Kansas who had discovered a
+liquid, which, if dropped into the eye twice daily, would cure any
+disease afflicting any member of the human family. This exuberant spider
+induced her victim to enter her parlor where she convinced her at her
+leisure that she was preaching the gospel. The result was that our
+friend sent to Kansas for the "Elixir of Life." Meantime the climate of
+Florida was doing its work. But just at this psychological moment the
+"elixir" arrived. Two drops of the precious liquid were, with due
+solemnity and deliberation, instilled into her eye and in a few days her
+cough began to mend. It would have been waste of time to have asked if
+she really believed the drops to be responsible for her cure. She spoke
+with the enthusiastic conviction of a disciple of a worthier cause. I
+inquired if she possessed any literature explaining the method of cure,
+and she presented me with the printed matter which is sent with the
+bottle. I told her I would look it over and tell her what I thought of
+it later.
+
+The _Message of Facts_, which was the title of the newspaper, (it was
+printed like a newspaper and of the size of an ordinary paper),
+contained complete information regarding the "wonderful remedy" and its
+discoverer. He assumed the title of Professor and candidly admitted that
+he had been arrested a number of times for practicing medicine without a
+license. He asserted that the reason of his numerous arrests was because
+the medical profession in the State of Kansas, being jealous of his
+success instigated a course of insistent persecution against him. He
+further asserted that he offered to sell his discovery to the State, but
+the State refused to purchase it, consequently he had to go on
+practicing to earn a living. With reference to his method of treatment
+he stated:
+
+"Despite the fact that medical men are too unfair and too prejudiced to
+accord Professor ---- the credit he has justly earned, there is no
+getting away from the plain truth, that the great scientist has
+originated a method of conquering human ills that has completely
+revolutionized the long-cherished theories of the medical schools."
+
+And further, "... being the discoverer of my system and the only man in
+the world practicing it, and having all cures and no cases of injury as
+my record shows ..."
+
+Note that, in the first quotation, he asserts that his methods have
+revolutionized the old-time theories. This would surely imply that the
+medical schools, having been compelled to note his successful ways, were
+compelled likewise to change their theories and teach his way of curing
+disease. Despite this strong and robust assertion he states, in the
+second quotation, that he is the only man in the world practicing his
+methods. Evidently he did not revolutionize to any very great extent.
+
+He claimed to be able to cure any human ill, and particularly emphasized
+his ability to cure consumption, Bright's disease, diabetes, epilepsy,
+asthma, stomach troubles, nervous prostration, blindness, female
+diseases, paralysis, heart and kidney diseases.
+
+He, of course, does not state the nature of his remedy. It consists of a
+liquid which is dropped into the eye, and the procedure is the same, no
+matter what disease afflicts the patient. It is not essential to write
+at length his explanation of the way in which this "marvelous
+discovery" effects its cures. Suffice it to say, that it is a tissue of
+anatomical and physiological misrepresentation. He admittedly is
+uneducated and possesses absolutely no knowledge of even elementary
+medicine. His explanation is, therefore, to a medical mind, a ludicrous
+and an absurd attempt to tell what he does not understand. Of course,
+his explanation is not supposed to fall into the hands of a physician,
+and to a lay person, who understands as little as he does, it sounds all
+right. We must again fall back on the foolish claims he makes and on the
+basis of common sense we fail to understand how anyone can believe such
+stuff. Yet the woman who firmly believes that her cough was cured by
+this man has enthusiastically recommended the nostrum to a number of
+other women who have various ailments, all of whom are using it under
+her experienced instructions.
+
+This is a very good illustration of how these impostors and charlatans
+succeed. This woman was approached at the psychological moment and was
+influenced to buy. It did not necessarily have to be these drops. It
+might just as well have been any other patent medicine, or any fake
+cure. It would have worked just the same for the reason that it was the
+climate of Florida that did the work. It is absurd to devote time even
+to consider the probability of the drops having aided in the cure. This
+man's whole scheme is a fake, pure and simple. No part of it has any
+merit. In other words, his remedy is no remedy at all, it is simply the
+mildest, ordinary eye wash, which may be bought in any drug store for
+ten cents. He charges $5.00, but think of the story he writes, think of
+the promises he gives and the claims he makes, and the paper he
+prints,--these all cost money and time and labor, and you must pay for
+them. And I know a woman who is putting these drops in her eye twice
+daily in the hope of correcting a displaced womb. Could the brain of the
+most facile weaver of romance conceive a more utterly absurd and pitiful
+condition of affairs than that an adult human being should be guilty of
+doing what an intelligent ant would not do under any circumstances?
+
+When the "professor" claims that he refuses to "give up" his secret
+unless the State of Kansas adequately remunerates him for it, which, of
+course, it rightly refuses to do--he demonstrates how absolutely devoid
+of horse sense he is. No man with a "cure" for consumption--without
+mentioning the many other equally remunerative "cures" which this wizard
+owns, and which may be appended to the consumption "cure" just as the
+side-shows journey in the wake of the big circus--need waste his
+precious time dickering with the unappreciative State of Kansas. If his
+"cure" is anywhere near twenty-four carat gold he can own the State of
+Kansas and he may add another one to it for good measure. Any man
+capable of doing one-thousandth part of what this wily "professor"
+claims to be able to do, would make so much money that it would
+embarrass him all the rest of his life. One of his claims is that he can
+cure epilepsy. If he could cure epilepsy he wouldn't be allowed to stay
+twenty-four hours in the State of Kansas. Every civilized country on the
+face of the earth would bid for his services as an economic necessity
+because as an investment he would be cheap at any price.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL--Continued
+
+     The ---- Consumption Cure--Personals to Consumptives--Nature's
+     Creation--Female Weakness Cures--Various Compounds and Malt
+     Whiskies.
+
+
+FRAUDULENT TESTIMONIALS
+
+It would indeed seem to be an act of supererogation to compile further
+evidence of the infamy of this entire business: what additional proof is
+necessary?
+
+A certain Dr. H. of ----, Mich., published widely the following
+advertisement:
+
+"Gains 17 Pounds After Every One Gave Her Up.
+
+"Miss I---- S---- had a terrible case of consumption, together with
+catarrh and bronchitis. With this terrible complication, given up to
+die, she took the H---- treatment. She is now cured."
+
+     Dear Doctor: I have been gaining rapidly. Have gained 17
+     pounds; weigh 150 pounds now and am getting quite strong, too.
+     I wish you could see me. You would be surprised. I look just
+     fine. Everybody says they never thought I would get well. I
+     can't thank you enough for it. I am feeling just fine, so I
+     will close.
+
+     Yours truly,
+
+     Miss I---- S----.
+
+The above testimonial reads quite convincing and doubtless was the means
+of influencing many other unfortunate victims to put themselves under
+the "professional" care of Dr. H----. Investigation, however, revealed
+the fact that this optimistic young lady died shortly after giving the
+testimonial and that her death was, according to the transcript of her
+certificate of death issued by the State of Wisconsin, due to
+"consumption." The testimonial therefore cannot possibly have any value
+under the circumstances. Unfortunately, however, this doctor does not
+publish the death certificate with the testimonial, which latter he
+continued to use after her death.
+
+After an exhaustive inquiry into the personality and business of the
+above mentioned M. D., the _Journal of the American Medical Association_
+said:
+
+     First. The H---- consumption cure is chiefly owned and
+     controlled by men whose only qualification for treating disease
+     is that they are business men financially interested in other
+     medical fakes.
+
+     Second. The claims made in the advertisements, either directly
+     or by implication, that these "remedies" will "cure"
+     consumption are cruel and heartless falsehoods.
+
+     Third. The methods employed to capture victims, by means of
+     speciously worded circular letters disguised as personal
+     communications, are an imposition, if not an actual fraud, on
+     the ignorant and credulous.
+
+     Fourth. The drugs sent out by this concern as a "trial
+     treatment" are worthless as a cure for consumption.
+
+     Fifth. In printing endorsements of himself, which this M.D.
+     received from ministers of the gospel, he grossly abused the
+     confidence of men who did not know the use to which their
+     letters were to be put.
+
+     Sixth. The testimonials from physicians which he publishes have
+     been shown to emanate in some cases from men who themselves are
+     employed in exploiting medical fakes.
+
+     Seventh. The claim he makes of being a graduate of Edinburgh
+     University has been shown to be as false as the claims made for
+     the nostrum he exploits.
+
+     Can a much more disgraceful business than the various
+     "consumption cure" humbugs be imagined? Founded on fraud,
+     maintained by deceit, perpetuated by falsehood--the sick are
+     exploited to pay dividends on corporate quackery. How much
+     longer will this outrage on the unfortunate victims of the
+     White Plague be tolerated? If not for humanitarian reasons,
+     then for its own protection, at least, society should demand
+     that such cruel frauds be suppressed. Their existence is a
+     menace to public health and a disgrace to modern civilization.
+
+Many fraudulent nostrums are advertised as blind advertisements in the
+"Personal" columns of the daily press. The following recently appeared
+in the "Personal" columns of papers all over the country:
+
+     PERSONAL--TO CONSUMPTIVES: I possess information which cost me
+     a fortune, and feel that I should let every consumptive know
+     about my experience. Mrs. R., Ohio.
+
+To those who answered this advertisement was sent a letter written on
+pale blue stationery, such as is used for social correspondence, with
+the initials --. R. embossed, monogram style, in gilt on the paper and
+envelope, signed "Mrs. --. R." It is asserted in this letter that the
+writer has cured herself "in defiance of the world's scientists," by the
+discovery of "a combination of certain roots and herbs." As a
+consequence of having made this discovery, and after spending a fortune
+in the quest of a cure according to the advertisement, we are informed
+that "I am now devoting my life to saving others." According to further
+information, her effort is apparently successful, because she "finds it
+impossible to attend personally to the multitude of inquiries with which
+she is favored." She finds it necessary, therefore, "to refer your
+letter to my secretary, Mr. C----, from whom you will no doubt hear
+soon." The secretary is very evidently on the job, "for in the next mail
+there is delivered a letter from the ---- Company, signed H. W. C----,
+Sec'y."
+
+We can estimate the degree of Mrs. R.'s solicitude for the welfare of
+the race when we learn that the same concern was engaged in exploiting a
+syphilis "cure" in Chicago a few years ago. In all probability the cure
+is the same for both diseases. It is difficult to tell of which disease
+it was that Mrs. R. cured herself.
+
+Among the testimonials published by this concern in its booklet are
+quite a number in which the statement is made, frequently in glowing
+terms, that the writer has been "cured" of consumption by ----. A few of
+these were investigated and in every instance the writer died of
+consumption. This mixture is, in the strongest terms that can be used, a
+fake, a fraud, and is not a "cure" for consumption, as, of course, every
+intelligent person knows.
+
+     TO CONSUMPTIVES.
+
+     The undersigned having been restored to health by simple means,
+     after suffering for several years with a severe lung affection,
+     and that dread disease Consumption, is anxious to make known to
+     his fellow sufferers the means of cure. To those who desire it,
+     he will cheerfully send (free of charge), a copy of the
+     prescription used, which they will find a sure cure for
+     Consumption, Asthma, Catarrh, Bronchitis, and all throat and
+     lung maladies. He hopes all sufferers will try his remedy, as
+     it is invaluable. Those desiring the prescription which will
+     cost them nothing, and may prove a blessing, will please
+     address Rev. ---- W., ----, N. Y.
+
+A reply to this advertisement brought the information that the Rev.
+W---- contracted tuberculosis while in charge of a church in Maine, and
+after trying various treatments was finally cured by "a famous Dr.
+C----, of Paris, France." It was now his intention to "devote his life"
+to aid suffering humanity, in a spirit of thankfulness, by giving away,
+free of all charge, a copy of the famous prescription.
+
+Investigation proved that the Rev. E. A. W---- did not exist,
+consequently he never had a church in Maine, nor did he contract
+tuberculosis, or consult Dr. C----, of Paris. The individual who
+conducted the business was really one C. A. A----, who, it is to be
+inferred, conceived the whole fake. The scheme was a simple one. When
+the prescription was received it was discovered that the ingredients
+were not known to the drug trade and it was necessary to send to Mr.
+A---- for a supply before it could be tested. The literature sent with
+the prescription was of such a character that the average ignorant
+sufferer from consumption, hoping against hope for a "cure," fell into
+the trap and sent the money for a trial shipment.
+
+
+"FEMALE WEAKNESS" CURES
+
+Dr. D----'s "---- Compound": This nostrum is sold to relieve the pain of
+child-birth. It is surely not necessary to state that it will not
+relieve the pains of child-birth, nor will any drug or drugs ever do so.
+The irresponsible group of quacks who claim to have solved the problem
+of "painless child-birth" through the use of various "compound's" hardly
+merit the consideration of ordinary individuals. It is almost impossible
+to believe that a man would print over his name such a puerile or
+fantastic story as the following. Dr. D---- asserts that the value of
+his compound is proved because a certain woman patient tells how, after
+losing her first child, she had a vision. A "white-robed angel"
+appeared, who, after speaking to her in beautiful language, said, "Go,
+sister, and seek freedom and peace in the use of ---- Compound and in
+following the teachings of that book."
+
+The book is entitled "Painless Child-Birth," it sells for $2.00 and it
+simply extols, in unnecessary flowery language, the merits of the
+compound.
+
+If we heard such stories in every-day life we would smile credulously at
+our informant and doubt his sanity, but in a patent medicine
+advertisement we expect to read of miracles and we almost hope to be
+told of impossible happenings. The more glaringly false and silly they
+seem to be, the more they seem to exert their subtle hypnotic influence
+on anyone whose physical or mental temperament lends itself to the
+appeal.
+
+This compound "speedily cures all derangements and irregularities of the
+menstrual function, congestion, inflammation, ulceration and
+displacement of the womb, and other things too numerous to mention." It
+is claimed that it is made of the purest and most carefully selected
+herbs which can be obtained. If, however, one picked up two handfuls of
+dried leaves in the woods and put them in a package, the average man
+could not distinguish between such rakings and "Dr. D----'s
+---- Compound" at $1.00 a package.
+
+The _Journal of the American Medical Association_ in commenting on this
+fake, states:
+
+     ---- Compound is, in short, but one more of the innumerable
+     cure-alls on the market in which discarded, unrecognized or
+     useless drugs are pressed into service and invested with
+     miraculous virtues. What shall be said of men who prey on
+     pregnant women? Who create in the mind of the expectant mother
+     the fear of untold agonies and then offer immunity to these
+     supposititious tortures at the price of their worthless
+     nostrums? Who, with the help of such publications as will
+     accept their lying advertisements, do more to encourage
+     abortion than even the professional abortionists themselves?
+     There seems to be but one remedy: Speed the time when in their
+     acceptance of advertising those publishers who fail to
+     recognize decency as a moral obligation may be forced by public
+     opinion to recognize its value as a business proposition.
+
+The C. B. M. Remedy Company: In a small town in Indiana there is a
+"lady" who has been spending a fortune in giving medical treatment
+absolutely free to suffering women. The letters, literature, and
+advertisements by implication lead one to suppose that a woman is in
+charge of the business of this concern. The advertisements have a
+picture of a lady giving away packages of medicine. The business was
+conducted by one F. D. M. The name of his wife was simply used as an
+advertising asset; the idea, of course, being that a woman would be more
+willing to write to a business concern telling of her private illnesses
+if she understood that she was confiding in a woman than she would if
+under the impression that her letter would be read by a man. This is an
+old scheme which was employed by others for many years with great
+success.
+
+M. himself is not a physician and is in no way qualified to give advice
+to these women who write in response to the advertisements detailing
+their symptoms and telling of their troubles. Investigation showed that
+the medicine was compounded by the clerks and stenographers in the
+employ of the company, and that all communications were answered by form
+letters. It did not matter what ailed the patient, the treatment was the
+same.
+
+The claims made by this concern for their remedy, and they had only one,
+were along the usual line--everything they could think about which has a
+remote connection with the specialty in which they were
+interested--leucorrhea, ulceration, displacement or falling of the womb,
+profuse, scanty or painful periods, uterine or ovarian tumors or
+growths, and piles from any cause, no matter of how long standing; also
+pains in the back head and bowels, bearing down feelings, nervousness,
+creeping feeling up the spine, melancholy, desire to cry, hot flushes,
+weariness, uterine cancers in their earlier stages.
+
+Analysis of the remedy showed it to be a combination of two weak,
+commonly used drugs, one a very mild antiseptic and the other a mild
+astringent. These were held together with cocoa butter into which a drop
+of carbolic acid may have been put. There is nothing unusual in the
+combination, nor has it any wonderful qualities which would justify the
+claims made in behalf of it. The remedy contains nothing which could
+under any circumstances effect the removal of cancers, fibroid growths,
+or polypi, or which is capable of radically relieving laceration of the
+womb due to child-birth.
+
+The following is one of the specious appeals which this meretricious
+concern sent to the ailing women of America:
+
+     Mrs. M. receives more mail than any other woman in the state.
+
+     How would you like to receive so much mail that it would be
+     necessary to use a grindstone in order to open the letters as
+     fast as they come in. This is the way Mrs. C. B. M. opens her
+     mail. She gets tons of mail, and to save time has the letters
+     opened by a large grindstone, which occupies a conspicuous
+     place in her office. No other person in Indiana receives so
+     much mail as she.
+
+     Mrs. M.'s aid and advice is as free to you as God's sunshine or
+     the air you breathe. She is always glad to lend her assistance
+     to every suffering woman, and she is a generous, good woman,
+     who has suffered herself as you suffer, and she wants to prove
+     to you that her common sense home treatment will cure you just
+     as surely as it cured her years ago in her humble cottage
+     before riches and fame came to her.
+
+     If you are a sufferer from any female trouble, no matter what
+     it is, send the coupon below to Mrs. C. B. M. at once.
+
+     I am a woman with all a woman's hopes and fears. I have known
+     what it is to be sick in body and mind. Sick in a way that I
+     couldn't bring myself to explain to a man, even though he were
+     my physician, and I am thankful beyond the power of words to
+     express that I have been given the power to extend to you, my
+     sisters, the priceless boon of relief from the burden of pain
+     and suffering.
+
+     I only pray that this little book may be the means of saving
+     some woman from years of such agony as only a woman can know.
+
+     I dedicate this book to you.
+
+
+     WOMEN'S DISEASES
+
+     I doubt if you can realize the full meaning of these two little
+     words. I, who come in contact with the pitiful wrecks of
+     womanhood wrought by female complaints, know, as I hope you
+     will never know, what shattered lives and broken hearts they
+     cause.
+
+     Only a sensitive woman can realize how hard it is to bring
+     one's self to undergo the ordeal of examination and treatment
+     by a physician.
+
+Every letter sent out by this concern was signed, "Mrs. C. B. M." All
+literature, every booklet, and every advertisement was ingeniously and
+seductively "built up" to convey by implication the impression that the
+business was conducted by a woman, and hence the inference followed in
+the minds of the simple, trusting victims, that they were writing their
+secrets, to be read by one of their own sex, and that this woman was
+professionally qualified and temperamentally capable of giving competent
+advice and adequate treatment.
+
+Nothing was further from the truth. It was simply a trick, a fraudulent,
+venal imposition. Mrs. C. B. M. herself admitted that she had absolutely
+nothing to do with the conduct of the business, nor did her previous
+experience in any way fit her to give advice in such matters. Her
+husband established the business under the name of the ---- Medicine
+Company, and continued under this name until after his marriage, when it
+was reorganized and incorporated in his wife's name. Benefiting by the
+experience of similar concerns, he then used his wife's name simply as a
+business asset. How capably and efficiently he utilized this opportunity
+is shown in the beguiling literature he sent out as the above quotation
+amply demonstrates.
+
+Think of a man writing, "I am a woman with all a woman's hopes and
+fears,"--and then proceeding to play, with consummate skill, upon the
+sensibility and credulity of a sick and neurasthenic woman. It is a
+round-about way to reach the public pocketbook, but experience has
+taught these harpies that it is an eminently successful method. Mr. M.
+himself admitted that the gross receipts from the business were in
+excess of $100,000 a year, and that 200,000 people were taking treatment
+from this concern at one time.
+
+Mention has been made of a certain famous compound--which has been
+characterized by a well-known authority on drug addictions as "a
+dangerous drug used largely by drinkers." For 23 years after the death
+of the woman founder, ---- and ----, the owners of the concern,
+advertised, inviting women to "write to L. P. for advice in regard to
+their complaints, and being a woman"--though a dead one--"it was easy,
+for her ailing sisters to pour into her ears every detail of their
+suffering."
+
+The advertisement as generally printed runs:
+
+     No physician in the world has had such a training, or has such
+     an amount of information at hand to assist in the treatment of
+     all kinds of female ills.
+
+     This, therefore, is the reason why Mrs. L---- P----, in her
+     laboratory at ----, Mass., is able to do more for the ailing
+     women of America than the family physician. Any woman,
+     therefore, is responsible for her own suffering who will not
+     take the trouble to write to Mrs. P---- for advice.
+
+Does any woman need any further evidence of the fraudulent intent of
+such concerns? Keep in mind also that this particular remedy is
+exclusively recommended for "the diseases of women," and contains enough
+alcohol to render its users victims of the alcoholic habit.
+
+
+MEDICINE CONCERN RUN BY WOMEN
+
+Dr. D---- runs a mail order business in another town in Indiana. Her
+specialty is "diseases of women." The business is really owned by W. M.
+G----, a dealer in teas, coffees, etc. In the advertisements of the
+concern Dr. D---- emphasizes the fact that she is "a woman--a wife--a
+mother--a successful physician--a specialist on diseases of women." In
+many places in the literature of the company the "vast experience" of
+Dr. D---- is intentionally elaborated.
+
+"Her vast experience as a physician is only one of the qualifications
+she possesses...."
+
+"Her training and vast experience as a physician enables her to do more
+for suffering women than any woman can who is not a physician...."
+
+"During several years of active life as a general practitioner she
+acquired a vast amount of valuable experience that very few ever
+possess...."
+
+These three quotations emphatically assert that Dr. D. has had "vast"
+experience "as a general practitioner." Where did she get this
+experience as a general practitioner? Inasmuch as she graduated as a
+physician in 1907 and was licensed to practice in 1908, and as the
+"---- D---- Company" was chartered in 1908 and began active business
+then, we ask again, where did she get her "vast experience?"
+
+The following letter, sent by Dr. D---- to one of her prospective
+patients, gives a general idea of how the "game" is worked. These
+letters are "form" letters, printed by the thousand, though they are
+intended to convey the impression that they are personal--the patient's
+name being inserted. It will be observed that Dr. D---- has acquired the
+specious and oily art of the quack, and the seductive diction of those
+who live by their wits:
+
+     Dear Friend: Since it is your misfortune to be afflicted, I am
+     glad you wrote to me, because I sincerely believe that I can
+     completely cure you if you take my treatment now. Realizing the
+     serious nature of your condition, I at once arranged to give
+     your case my prompt personal attention.
+
+     After years of success in curing practically every form of
+     woman's ills, I am devoting my life to my sister women. Being a
+     woman and a mother, I know your every ache and pain and
+     sympathize with you as only a woman can. As a physician, as a
+     specialist in diseases of women I know the causes of your
+     trouble and the most scientific method of curing you quickly.
+     Since you have in me a sympathetic friend as well as a
+     physician I trust you will read carefully my plan for your
+     complete recovery.
+
+     A careful diagnosis of your case shows you have Female
+     Weakness.
+
+     I have mailed a copy of my book, "Diseases of Women and Home
+     Medical Guide." Be sure to read a description of your condition
+     on pages 25-47.
+
+     As requested I have mailed you a free trial of my successful
+     treatment. It is bound to help you and you should take it at
+     once according to my directions enclosed herewith. The free
+     medicines will last you for three days and are suited to your
+     condition, but you should not expect them to cure you. Some of
+     the ingredients contained in the remedies you need are very
+     costly and I cannot afford to give you enough of these
+     medicines to completely cure you.
+
+     Your case seems to be of long standing and you really should
+     have a Complete Course of Treatment at once if you are to be
+     completely cured. As I want to do everything possible for you I
+     have prepared a Special Course of Treatment for you and am
+     sending it, postage paid, in the same package with the free
+     remedies.
+
+     Please remember that the free remedies are yours to take at
+     once without charge or obligation, but if you use the Special
+     Treatment I shall expect you to send me $3 for it. You need not
+     feel under obligation to me to accept the Special Course, but I
+     know it is just what you need and need NOW, so I feel sure your
+     good judgment will cause you to accept it at your earliest
+     convenience. By sending now I save you some time and ...
+
+Dr. G. M. B., of ----, Mo., advertises to cure deafness, catarrh, asthma
+and head noises. He offers to send two months' medicine free to prove
+his ability to cure. In reply to inquiry he practically informs every
+applicant that his case is so bad that there is no use of sending the
+two months' treatment. In order to effect a cure in "your case" it is
+necessary for you to take the regular treatment. He accepts the chance
+that the literature and the testimonials accompanying his letter will
+influence the victim to bite. Inasmuch as he admits that his income is
+about $5,000 per month and that he gets three hundred letters every day,
+it may be assumed that he knows his business.
+
+It is not necessary to go into details regarding his methods. The
+following summary of his business was made by the district attorney who
+investigated it:
+
+     I find that the business is being conducted through the post
+     office at ----, Mo., under the names of Dr. ---- Remedy Company
+     and Dr. J. M. B----, and is a scheme and device for obtaining
+     money through the mails by means of false and fraudulent
+     pretenses, representations and promises, and I therefore
+     recommend that a fraud order be issued prohibiting the delivery
+     of mail and the payment of money orders to such addresses.
+
+A certain "pure" malt whiskey is advertised as:
+
+"A reliable all-round household remedy."
+
+"It should be in every family medicine chest."
+
+"It is manufactured for the purpose of supplying the profession and
+public in general with a reliable tonic and stimulant."
+
+"It is a recognized specific to enrich the blood and build body and
+muscle, and in the prevention and relief of coughs, colds and stomach
+troubles it has no equal."
+
+Previous to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act it was advertised
+in the following terms:
+
+     BEST SPRING TONIC.
+
+     DOCTORS OF ALL SCHOOLS AGREE THAT THE BEST TONIC-STIMULANT TO
+     BUILD UP THE SYSTEM, RUN DOWN AND WEAKENED BY THE LONG STRAIN
+     OF WINTER, AND TO DRIVE OUT SPRING FEVER AND MALARIA IS ----'S
+     MALT WHISKEY.
+
+     As a tonic and stimulant it is the greatest strength-giver
+     known to science. It destroys disease germs and by its building
+     and healing properties restores tissues in a gradual, healthy,
+     natural manner. It is a wonderful specific in the treatment and
+     cure of consumption, pneumonia, grippe, bronchitis, coughs,
+     colds, malaria, low fevers, stomach troubles, and all wasting,
+     weakened, diseased conditions, if taken in time.
+
+     It is recognized as the world's leading medicine everywhere.
+
+By a decision of the Supreme Court of the State of New York this "pure"
+malt whiskey has been declared a liquor. It is simply a sweetened
+whisky. To advertise it as a CURE for consumption or as a cure for any
+disease was malicious, and should be punishable by a long term in
+prison. It would be possible to take every statement of the above
+advertisement and prove each one to be false.
+
+This "pure" malt whiskey is a favorite "booze" of so-called temperance
+people. Since it is advertised as a medicine, they can get drunk from
+its use and still be "temperance" advocates. One of the favorite methods
+of advertising the product was to draw the public's attention to the
+fact that
+
+     CLERGYMEN ENDORSE MALT WHISKY
+
+     DISTINGUISHED DIVINES AND TEMPERANCE WORKERS WHO HAVE spent
+     their lives in uplifting their fallen brethren and placing
+     their feet upon the solid rock use and recommend ----'s pure
+     malt whisky. Honored and respected preachers of the gospel and
+     advocates of temperance, without regard to creed or prejudice,
+     make frank and outspoken statements of what ----'s pure malt
+     whisky has done for them.
+
+Then follow the testimonials and the photographs of three aged and
+inert-looking preachers.
+
+It made an impressive advertisement, as most nostrum "ads" are, because,
+unfortunately, the art of the liar is best expressed in the superlative
+degree. His word-pictures are therefore more lurid, more diversified,
+more romantic. But when they are investigated and the facts brought to
+light the advertisement falls to pieces. For example, compare the actual
+facts relative to the three "distinguished divines" with the fiction in
+the following advertisement:
+
+     The Rev.---- D----, over 82 years of age, practised medicine
+     for many years, when he moved west. He became a minister and
+     did preach for ten years in the State of Wyoming. He then
+     retired from the pulpit and opened a marriage bureau. He
+     received $10.00 when he gave his testimonial "to get his
+     picture taken."
+
+     The Rev. ---- H---- occupied the pulpit of the Church of
+     Eternal Hope of B----, Pa. He retired to enter politics a
+     number of years ago, and is now a deputy Internal Revenue
+     collector. He is a spiritualist. He owned race horses and was a
+     patron of the turf.
+
+     The Rev. McL---- lived in G----, Mich. There are 893 people in
+     the township and it is not even on the railroad line. Mr.
+     McL---- was allowed to resign from the fellowship after being
+     called to trial for endorsing ----'s pure malt whisky.
+
+If these three gentlemen were brought on the stage of any city
+vaudeville theater and introduced as distinguished divines it would be
+regarded as a joke--which it really is. If we relegate our
+"distinguished divines" to marriage bureaus, or the race track, or to
+the Internal Revenue service, or to preach to flocks in townships of
+less than one thousand and not on the railroad, the outlook for the
+ministerial profession is far from encouraging. To tell us that these
+men spent their lives "in uplifting their fallen brethren" is imposing
+upon the good nature of one's audience. It is simply one more evidence
+added to the long list already noted that one does not readily acquire
+the habit of expecting to read the truth in a patent medicine
+advertisement. Rather the reverse. We examine them in expectant
+curiosity to note their unique and devilish ability to tell picturesque
+falsehoods.
+
+Certain famous pills are advertised extensively in Great Britain and in
+the United States. It is claimed by the manufacturers that they are
+"composed entirely of medicinal herbs" and that they will "cure"
+constipation, pains in the back, cold chills, bad legs, maladies of
+indiscretion, kidney and urinary disorders--and several other things.
+
+These pills were analyzed by the British Medical Association's chemists,
+who reported that they consisted of ginger, soap, and aloes. Where the
+"medicinal herbs" were it was hard to say.
+
+In large and lurid letters we are informed in the advertisements that
+these pills are "worth a guinea ($5.00) a box." The retail price is 27
+cents a box. The British Medical Association's chemist states that the
+cost of these pills is one-quarter of a cent per box. Quite a fair
+margin of profit considering the high cost of living these days!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL--Continued
+
+     Patent Medicine Firms and Quacks Dispose of the Confidential
+     Letters Sent to Them--Patent Medicine Concerns and Letter
+     Brokers--The Patent Medicine Conspiracy Against the Freedom of
+     the Press--How The Patent Medicine Trust Crushes Honest Effort.
+
+
+HOW QUACKS DISPOSE OF THE CONFIDENTIAL LETTERS SENT TO THEM
+
+When you write for information--which is usually the first step--in
+reply to an advertisement of this character, you receive in reply a
+letter, which addresses you in an intimate way, as, "Dear or Esteemed
+Friend." It informs you that "we are devoting our lives in the interest
+of suffering humanity," and requests you to waste no time in writing a
+full account of your symptoms and sickness; that such information will
+be sacredly regarded as confidential and filed away from the prying eyes
+of everyone except the "doctor" who reads it.
+
+Every art is used to give the writer the impression that she is doing
+business with responsible and reputable people; that what she writes
+about her health, her affairs, and her person, are to be read by an
+experienced medical adviser and by no other. The truth, as we have
+shown, is that she writes her secrets to a man, who is not even a
+physician, who in turn passes the letter over to be answered by an
+office clerk.
+
+When the fake doctor, or the patent medicine man, has exhausted his
+"jollying" tactics, his lies, and his promises, and he can no longer
+induce the victim to send more money, he sells the victim's letters to
+another quack in the same business. These harpies, knowing what ails the
+individual, begin sending her their specious and insinuating literature.
+The woman reads, becomes interested, and, having bitten before,
+concludes to try once again, and so the story goes--one after another
+trying to drain the life-blood of an ailing, irresponsible foolish
+woman.
+
+The selling of letters has become a business, so much so that there are
+regularly established medical letter brokers from whom you can buy these
+letters by the thousands. In a single medical letter broker's office in
+New York City there are upwards of seven million of these confidential
+letters for sale to the highest bidders. This incidentally gives one a
+slight idea of the tremendous business this is, and of the hundreds of
+thousands of dupes and victims there have been.
+
+The following extracts are taken from a well-known woman's journal,
+which at various times has been interested in this subject, and are of
+special interest in this connection:
+
+     One of the most disgusting and disgraceful features of the
+     patent medicine business is the marketing of letters sent by
+     patients to patent medicine firms. Correspondence is solicited
+     by these firms under the seal of sacred confidence. When the
+     concern is unable to do further business with a patient it
+     disposes of the patient's correspondence to a letter broker,
+     who, in turn, disposes of it to other patent medicine concerns
+     at the rate of half a cent for each letter.
+
+     One of these brokers assured the writer that he could give me
+     "choice lots" of "medical female letters." ... Let me now give
+     you, from the printed lists of these letter brokers, some idea
+     of the way in which these "sacred confidential" letters are
+     hawked about the country. Here are a few samples, all that are
+     really printable:
+
+     55,000 "Female Complaint Letters" is the sum total of one item,
+     and the list gives the names of the "medicine company" or the
+     "medical institute" to whom they were addressed. Here is a
+     barter then, in 55,000 letters of a private nature, each one of
+     which, the writer was told, and had a right to expect, would be
+     regarded as "sacredly confidential" by the doctor or concern to
+     whom she had been deluded into telling her private ailments.
+     Yet here they are for half a cent each!
+
+     Another batch of some 47,000 letters addressed to five
+     "doctors" and "institutes" is emphasized because they were
+     written by women! A third batch is:
+
+     44,000 "Bust Developer Letters,"--letters which one man in a
+     patent medicine concern told me were "the richest sort of
+     reading you could get hold of."
+
+     A still further lot offers: 40,000 "Women's Regulator
+     Letters,"--letters which in their context any woman can
+     naturally imagine would be of the most delicate nature. Still,
+     the fact remains, here they are for sale.
+
+     Is not this contemptible?
+
+     In the same article is exposed the inhuman greed of patent
+     medicine concerns that turn into cold cash the letters of
+     patients afflicted with the most vital diseases.
+
+     To quote again: "All these are made the subject of public
+     barter. Here are offered for sale, for example: 7,000 Paralysis
+     Letters; 9,000 Narcotic Letters; 52,000 Consumption Letters;
+     3,000 Cancer Letters, and even 65,000 Deaf Letters. Of diseases
+     of the most private nature one is offered here nearly 100,000
+     letters,--letters the very classification of which makes a
+     sensitive person shudder."
+
+The deeper one delves below the surface of this business the nastier it
+gets. It is impossible to conceive of vipers and sharks being endowed
+with more contemptible and brutish qualities than those which
+characterize the vultures of the patent medicine and quack medical
+concerns.
+
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE CONSPIRACY AGAINST THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
+
+It is estimated that the newspapers of the United States get about
+$100,000,000 per year from the advertisements of patent medicines and
+fake medical concerns.
+
+There is an association composed of the manufacturers of patent
+medicines and the owners of advertising medical concerns. It was
+primarily formed for the single purpose of strictly looking after the
+"interests" of those concerned.
+
+If we concede, as we must concede if we study the facts, the whole
+medical advertising business to be disreputable, dishonorable and
+unjust, in that it is detrimental to the health and welfare of the race,
+the only protection it could possibly need would be protection against
+any movement which had for its object the interest of the people who are
+its victims. This is exactly the key to the workings of the P. A. of
+America. When one begins to know something about the patent medicine
+evil, his sense of justice immediately asks why "something" has not
+been done to crush it. When the reader understands more about this
+octopus, he will learn that its tentacles are far-reaching and that it
+has a mysterious and efficient way of crushing in its incipiency any
+embryo movement directed against it. It would be a long story to give
+the facts in detail--they are all a matter of record--the easiest way to
+explain the procedure is to give an illustration of how the machinery is
+worked.
+
+Let us suppose a Congressman conceives the idea of introducing a bill in
+Congress to compel newspapers to refuse advertising matter that is
+obviously false and that misrepresents facts, and cites, as an example,
+a patent medicine advertisement. The agent or lobbyist of the
+association in Washington immediately telegraphs the intent of the bill
+with the name of its author to the home office of the association. The
+gentleman in charge of the executive department of the home office looks
+up the facts regarding the political connections of the Congressman,
+wires to the papers published in his district suggesting to them the
+advisability of using their influence to change the Congressman's
+opinion. The newspapers do as they are bid (though there are a few who
+have refused to do this kind of work, but only a few); they may intimate
+to him that he is committing political suicide, or they may adopt other
+tactics. The result, however, is that the representative usually sees
+the point and permits his bill to die in committee. The quacks are not
+satisfied with this single effort to ensure the death of the bill. The
+matter is taken up with other Congressmen through their home papers; the
+whole machinery of the system is set in motion. Their attention is
+called to the bill. They are told that the public does not demand such
+legislation, and that, if this bill passes, it will deprive of many
+thousands of dollars for advertising the papers which are friendly
+toward the political future of the particular Congressman in question.
+The facts are thus brought to the attention of many Congressmen. They
+see the point also. It suggests to them that they will do well not to
+trample on this monster or they may suffer themselves. Thus are the
+people deprived of what might have been a great step forward in the
+fight for pure food and drugs and, incidentally, in the preservation of
+the public health.
+
+One may pertinently ask why the newspapers lend themselves to such
+infamous and dishonorable dealings. The answer is that, inasmuch as they
+derive a very large part of their total income from patent medicine
+advertisements and as these advertisements are contracted for under
+certain conditions, it can readily be seen that they are made a party to
+crushing legislation which would interfere with the patent medicine
+business.
+
+     It is agreed in case any law or laws are enacted, either State
+     or national, harmful to the interest of the ---- Company, that
+     this contract may be cancelled by them from date of such
+     enactment, and the insertions made paid for pro rata with the
+     contract price.
+
+There is another feature of the contract that is of the utmost
+significance and importance to the mothers of the race. It is the only
+instance we know of which effectually muzzles the public press. This
+part of the contract reads as follows:
+
+     It is agreed that the ---- Company may cancel this contract,...
+     in case any matter otherwise detrimental to the ---- Company's
+     interest is permitted to appear in the reading columns or
+     elsewhere in the paper.
+
+This means that the newspapers bind themselves, under contract, not to
+print any matter in their reading columns which would be detrimental to
+the interests of the patent medicine manufacturers. Under the same
+stipulation they cannot even accept matter to be paid for, if it in any
+way reflects upon the patent medicine business. In other words, the
+sovereign people, whose servant the public press should be, is, under
+this contract, deprived of its rights of representation in the columns
+of the daily newspapers.
+
+The grave significance of this condition of affairs will be adequately
+appreciated when it is remembered that every popular movement to right
+public wrongs must have the fullest publicity or the effort is doomed to
+failure. The patent medicine business has been shown to be a
+monstrously evil institution, yet every effort to enlist the public
+press in an effort to arouse the necessary degree of indignation which
+precedes every public demand for the righting of a wrong has failed,
+because, "it is agreed that the ---- Company may cancel this contract in
+case any matter otherwise detrimental to the ---- Company's interest is
+permitted to appear in the reading columns or elsewhere in the paper."
+
+There is another feature of this ugly business which is of the deepest
+interest to women. The patent medicine territory is the whole country.
+It is a large, profitable field. A movement was once started by certain
+reputable New York physicians, who were deeply interested in this
+question, to discover a means to aid the class who buy patent medicines
+and support the fake medical concerns. It was thought that if an
+advertising propaganda was instituted, offering to give legitimate and
+adequate medical advice, at the lowest possible cost, there would be
+many who would avail themselves of the opportunity. The following
+advertisement was prepared and given out for publication, with the
+result that it could not be advantageously placed:
+
+     RELIABLE MEDICAL ADVICE.
+
+     Government investigation of the PATENT MEDICINE BUSINESS and of
+     the advertised MEDICAL CURE CONCERNS, has demonstrated that
+     they are worthless and dangerous; that they are money making
+     schemes only, and that they acquire business by
+     misrepresentation, by falsehood, and by fraudulent
+     testimonials. Most of these concerns are owned by men with no
+     medical education or experience.
+
+     These are facts attested to by the highest authorities in the
+     United States, and apply to every advertised remedy and to
+     every system of advertised treatment in the newspapers to-day
+     with no exception that has come to our knowledge.
+
+     A BUREAU OF PHYSICIANS, each in good standing and in active
+     private practice, has been established in NEW YORK CITY, to
+     extend advice to those requiring medical assistance.
+
+     The object of the bureau is to prevent patients from placing
+     themselves in the hands of incompetent, expensive and
+     fraudulent schemers. The character of the advice furnished
+     will be exactly the same as if you visited the office of any
+     up-to-date reputable city consultant. We will simply direct
+     what should be done in each instance to effect relief of the
+     diseased conditions.
+
+     The charges will be the ordinary fees charged by reputable
+     physicians anywhere for similar services, and will in no
+     instance be unreasonable or excessive.
+
+     We invite the correspondence of those in need of honest advice.
+     Ask for information which will be sent free of charge.
+
+Here was a tremendously lucrative field in which there was every
+possibility of doing a large amount of genuine good, which, however,
+could not be reached by men whose only object was to benefit the people,
+because the public press did not dare publish anything detrimental to
+"the combine." If this isn't monopoly, what is it?
+
+This is not the only instance of this kind that has taken place. One
+independently wealthy gentleman, for certain business reasons of his
+own, conceived the idea of inserting a trustworthy article exposing the
+patent medicine combine in the newspapers of the country, for which he
+was, of course, willing to pay the usual advertising rates. He gave the
+contract to a large advertising concern which began the crusade in
+Texas, the _intention_ being to cover the country working the States one
+after the other. What was the result? As soon as the system's attention
+was directed to the plan the mandate of "silence" was flashed to the
+newspapers and the propaganda died an unnatural death in Texas, whose
+borders it never crossed. The columns of the public press were tightly
+closed to it.
+
+Is it any wonder that it has been so difficult to pass a Public Health
+bill? I am hopeful, however, that the women will solve this problem. It
+would seem to be a subject in which they could become strenuously and
+eagerly interested. Women as voting factors, or as legislators, will
+never succeed in the subtle fights of ward politics, or in the coarser
+slugging battles of graft and patronage, but in the moral finesse,
+necessary to achieve success in public health and purity legislation
+they should prove to be enthusiasts. If the regeneration of the race is
+entangled in legislative procedure or political subtilties, its only
+salvation is to find emancipators whose heart strings are of finer and
+truer fiber than those in the breasts of men. We hope to find them in
+the mothers of the race.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL--Continued
+
+     The Patent Medicine Evil and the Duty of the Mothers of the
+     Race--"Blood-Money"--The People Must be the Reformers--Mothers'
+     Resolutions.
+
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL AND THE DUTY OF THE MOTHERS OF THE RACE
+
+It may be emphatically asserted that the patent medicine evil and the
+fraudulent medical cure more directly concern the mothers of the race
+than any others. No matter who the ailing victim may be, some woman is
+deeply and sincerely interested in his, or her, recovery and welfare. If
+the proper influence is exerted at the right time, and if it is based
+upon adequate knowledge of the danger involved, it is certain that the
+sufferer will not become a victim of the fraudulent and dangerous
+advertised nostrum, or a fake medical course of treatment. If each
+mother, therefore, possessed an adequate knowledge of the patent
+medicine evil, and exerted the influence which would naturally result
+from the possession of such knowledge, we should soon see the end of the
+whole business.
+
+Most people are honest and sincere. It is difficult, however, to arouse
+the majority to concerted and sustained action. If the honest and
+well-intentioned element in society could be influenced to a sustained
+effort to correct existing evils, in any department of human effort, the
+fraudulent and dishonest members of society could be effectually
+rendered harmless. If the suggestion which I have advanced in the
+article on Eugenics, to form Eugenic Clubs in every community, should be
+adopted, the members could, in a definite way, contribute to the
+propaganda, by insisting that the members of the legislature and
+Congress inform themselves upon these subjects, and act and vote in
+accordance with the sentiment of their constituents. It is only by some
+such systematized, concerted effort that any hope may be reasonably
+entertained that this question will be satisfactorily and finally
+solved. That it is capable of being solved satisfactorily there is no
+doubt whatever. It depends upon the women.
+
+The passage of The Pure Food and Drugs Act, caused, for a brief period,
+a cessation of the strenuous activity which had previously characterized
+the patent medicine business. It was not, however, to be expected that
+any single legislative act would permanently strangle such a
+parasite,--for we must remember that it is an easy and a highly
+remunerative calling. Nor was it to be expected that men who are adepts
+in sophistry and experts in quibbling could not find a way to circumvent
+the intent of the law.
+
+This was proved to be so because they are again beginning to advertise
+more freely and with more assurance. One of the best known has assumed a
+new advertising garb. Its new diction is specious and clever, but it is
+a satanic cleverness when its history is weighed in the balance. It is
+quite probable that its formula may have been slightly changed, but at
+the end of each advertisement the following suggestive paragraph
+appears:
+
+     "SPECIAL NOTICE--Many persons are making inquiries for the
+     old-time ----. To such would say, that this formula is now put
+     out under the name of ----, manufactured by ---- Company,
+     C----, Ohio. Write them and they will be pleased to send you a
+     free booklet."
+
+The old time ---- was condemned by the United States Government as an
+intoxicant and stimulant, and cures were sold in various parts of the
+country for the ---- "jag," yet in the new advertisement the following
+appears:
+
+     "---- is a remedy that should be kept in the house. Its virtue
+     as a preventive to disease is the thing I wish chiefly to
+     emphasize.
+
+     "When once the value of ---- as a household remedy is
+     understood no home would be without it. Cathartics, pills and
+     powders would be discarded. Irritating tonics would be no
+     longer taken. ALCOHOLIC DRINKS WOULD HAVE NO PLACE...."
+
+If "alcoholic drinks would have no place" in the household, why should
+one want this "remedy," which has no medical value except as a
+stimulant? It is as if a drunken man should deliver a temperance
+lecture: it would really be funny if we did not know the tragedies that
+have gone before as a result of its use. That is an example of the type
+of argument which must be legislated against.
+
+There are two specific points in this crusade against the patent
+medicine fraud which should be the objective issues of all concerted
+effort to crush the evil. These could be taken up by mothers in their
+eugenic clubs and developed until successfully legislated upon. It would
+be the greatest immediate contribution to constructive legislation that
+women's suffrage could bestow upon the race.
+
+First, to enact a law which would make it a felony for a newspaper to
+print a fraudulent patent medicine advertisement, or a fake medical
+cure. A national board of competent authority should be constituted to
+determine the question of fraud.
+
+Second, to amend the law which permits the registration of a fancy name
+for a combination of drugs, without at the same time giving the formula.
+
+The mothers of the race must recognize that it is not only a question of
+economy, but a vital issue in health preservation, to regard all
+advertised remedies and medical "cures" as absolutely dangerous and
+worthless, and consequently not to be used at all. There is no safe
+exception to this rule. The records teem with evidence condemning the
+whole discreditable business. Almost without exception, every advertised
+remedy and cure has been, when actually investigated, found fraudulent
+and worthless. The great majority of these concerns are owned and run by
+individuals, who have had no medical experience, and no training to fit
+them to advise patients in any sense. It is a money-making scheme pure
+and simple, and anyone who asks further proof is not open to conviction.
+
+I believe the truthful and the just interpretation of the success of the
+patent medicine business is to be found in the ignorance of the
+people,--not the kind of ignorance that reflects upon their
+intelligence, but real, honest ignorance regarding the true character
+and merit of the patent medicine business. It would be an unwarranted
+reflection upon the intelligence and acumen of the American people to
+assert that they would wittingly support a fraudulent proposition,
+especially a proposition whose success meant their own physical
+degeneration. The reflection is rather an indictment of the inefficiency
+of those in authority.
+
+We must not deny that there exists in the minds of the lowly a feeling
+that what is printed is true. This is as it should be; it is an instinct
+and it is fundamental. We must remember, too, that there are thousands
+and thousands of homes, into which absolutely no literature of any kind
+ever penetrates except the weekly, and it may be stray copies of the
+daily newspaper. These people are primitive and credulous. They have
+ailing members in the family, and they have not always accessible
+medical service, or they may be too poor to avail themselves of such
+service as exists. When, therefore, they see glaring promises of relief
+and "cures" for whatever may ail them, in the oft-read paper, week after
+week, it is an easy step to become enrolled as a victim. These people
+believe in their newspaper. They have no reason to question the truth of
+its contents. They unconsciously put their trust and dependence upon
+those in authority, those who should see to it that the instinct of
+truth and honesty is reflected in the justice and protection which is
+meted out to the helpless and the poor. Is it any wonder, therefore,
+that we have victims, when the only voice that comes to them from the
+great world beyond is a tissue of false promises and fraudulent
+pretensions? The law is a cumbersome vehicle to move. It cannot be
+driven by inspiration--no matter how crucial the incentive may be that
+creates the inspiration,--it moves only by the potential force of a
+great conviction, the voice of the people. It seems a pity to waste time
+in the education of all the people before their voice shall be raised to
+demand protection, when the authorities know now of the wrong that is
+being perpetrated and could right it without the waste of this precious
+time.
+
+Since we cannot hope for legislative assistance until the people are
+aroused to demand it, every mother who has an opportunity to learn the
+truth about the matter, must become a member of the propaganda of
+education and must spread the knowledge to others. We must educate the
+army of innocents who fall because they do not know the truth, and we
+must reach that vaster army, whose gullibility permits these frauds to
+flourish. We must show them the false foundation and the hollow pretense
+upon which such schemes are founded. We must show them that each detail
+of the business is inspired by a wrong motive; that the so-called
+personal letters even are printed by the hundreds of thousands, and
+filled in to appear as personal communications by office clerks who
+possess absolutely no medical knowledge; that the "diagnosis" blanks are
+worthless and frequently dangerous, and simply sent to the prospective
+victim to impress him and draw him on; that the medicine furnished, is,
+as a rule, made of the cheapest of drugs, bought in large quantities
+from parties, whose reputation in the drug trade is not of the best;
+that the medicine has no special potency nor value, that it is in all
+likelihood a worthless mixture, which in the advertisements is given
+false and lying properties; that when they have got all the money out of
+the victim possible they will sell his letters to other nostrum venders.
+It is a sorry reflection on our civilization that the sick, often the
+incurably ill, cannot be protected against their own credulity and the
+devices of those who would fatten on their misfortune and profit by
+their sufferings.
+
+If every mother who reads this article would quietly think the matter
+over and reach a definite conclusion as to just how she may contribute
+her share to the educational crusade to crush the patent medicine
+monster, I am certain it would not be long before we would begin to feel
+that there were the "mutterings of a storm brewing." If each mother
+would subscribe to the following resolution, and obey it, she would
+really be an agency for much good in her community:
+
+     I resolve never to advise an ailing friend or acquaintance to
+     purchase or use an advertised remedy or "cure" of any kind
+     whatsoever; nor will I permit any other person to advise the
+     use of such remedies or "cures" without, in a friendly way,
+     protesting, and thereby converting this person, who undoubtedly
+     is ignorant of the facts.
+
+     I further resolve, always to advise an ailing friend to consult
+     someone, whose education and experience qualifies him to give
+     competent advice.
+
+I would suggest that the above resolution be printed on cards in the
+form of a motto, to be hung on the wall, and distributed from house to
+house by the eugenic clubs. At the bottom of the card, the word "over"
+should be clearly printed. On the reverse side, in ordinary reading type
+should be a condensed and efficient argument against the use of patent
+medicines. This argument should be complete and convincing in itself, so
+that one who may casually ask what the card means may be told to read
+what is on the back of the card, and may, thereby, be convinced that "it
+is a good idea." This would be an inexpensive way of exciting the
+curiosity of the community, and when the psychological moment arrives it
+would probably be possible for one of the members of the club to give an
+address or lecture on the patent medicine evil. Inasmuch as the
+curiosity and the sympathy of the audience would be with the speaker, it
+would only be necessary to state facts to make converts. It seems worth
+trying, and the suggestion is given with the hope that the women in
+every community who are capable (and there are capable leaders in every
+community) will take this club idea up and develop it far beyond the
+largest hopes which I conceive for them.
+
+If eugenics means anything, and if the women are what they claim, much
+will be accomplished by each doing her part intelligently, and by each
+community standing upon its own record.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 3 (of 4), by 
+W. Grant Hague
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+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 3, by W. Grant Hague, M. D.
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+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 3 (of 4), by W. Grant Hague
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 3 (of 4)
+       A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies
+
+Author: W. Grant Hague
+
+Release Date: April 11, 2008 [EBook #25044]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE EUGENIC MARRIAGE, VOL. 3 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by K.D. Thornton, Jason Isbell, Josephine Paolucci
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;">
+<img src="images/v3frontis.jpg" width="450" height="556" alt="&quot;Mother and Child,&quot; by Lorado Taft" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;Mother and Child,&quot; by Lorado Taft</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+So strong is becoming the ambitions of the mothers of to-day to give the
+world children that will be an honor to-morrow, that this piece of
+marble statuary was erected by the Infant Welfare Society of Chicago to
+express the ideal of the most wonderful thing that can come to any
+woman&mdash;motherhood.
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h1>The Eugenic Marriage</h1>
+
+<h3>A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies</h3>
+
+<h2>By W. GRANT HAGUE, M. D.</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><i>College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia University), New York;
+Member of County Medical Society, and of the American Medical
+Association</i></p>
+
+<h3>In Four Volumes</h3>
+
+<h3>VOLUME III</h3>
+
+<p class="center">
+New York<br /><br />
+THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS COMPANY<br /><br />
+1916
+</p>
+
+
+
+<p class="center">Copyright, 1913, by<br />
+<span class="smcap">W. Grant Hague</span><br />
+<br />
+Copyright, 1914, by<br />
+<span class="smcap">W. Grant Hague</span><br /></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[Pg iii]</a></span></p>
+<h2>TABLE OF CONTENTS</h2>
+
+
+<h3>CHAPTER XXIV</h3>
+
+<h4>THE FORMATIVE PERIOD</h4>
+
+<p>The best age at which to marry&mdash;Incompatibility of temperament&mdash;A happy
+marriage need not be a successful one&mdash;The evils of early marriage&mdash;The
+wedding night, its medical aspect&mdash;The honeymoon&mdash;When marital relations
+are painful&mdash;Times when marital relations should be suspended&mdash;The first
+weeks and months of wifehood&mdash;The formative period&mdash;A true marriage&mdash;A
+wife's true position in the household&mdash;Only 5% of happy
+marriages&mdash;Period of adaptation&mdash;Differences of opinion&mdash;Differences of
+principle&mdash;The attainment of success&mdash;Arguing trifles&mdash;You must know
+what you want&mdash;The right kind of wife&mdash;Contributing to her husband's
+efficiency&mdash;What are the requisites of efficiency&mdash;Good
+health&mdash;Thoroughly cooked meals&mdash;Rest at night&mdash;Having a system&mdash;Enough
+exercise&mdash;Freedom from worry&mdash;Do your part&mdash;The first quarrel&mdash;Fault
+finding&mdash;The husband's efficiency depends upon the wife&mdash;Work must be
+interesting&mdash;The wife's part ... PAGE <a href="#Page_331">331</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Advice to Young Wives</span></h4>
+
+<h3>CHAPTER XXV</h3>
+
+<h4>HOW TO ACHIEVE</h4>
+
+<p>What the young wife owes to herself&mdash;Why was I born&mdash;What are the
+personal qualities necessary to success&mdash;What are the personal qualities
+necessary to happiness&mdash;Self-control&mdash;What is a thought&mdash;The evil habit
+of hasty judgment&mdash;The bad thought habit&mdash;Training the mind&mdash;"Go about
+it in the right way"&mdash;Be sure your husband's friends are your
+friends&mdash;Be a good fellow&mdash;Two kinds of people in the world&mdash;Everything
+depends upon what we do with our mind&mdash;The most popular woman&mdash;The gift
+of flattery&mdash;Choosing your friends&mdash;True friendship expects and demands
+nothing&mdash;True friendship is necessary&mdash;"By your friends shall ye be
+known"&mdash;Making resolves&mdash;The formula of success&mdash;When fortune knocks.
+... PAGE <a href="#Page_357">357</a></p>
+
+
+<h3>CHAPTER XXVI</h3>
+
+<h4>SPARE MOMENTS</h4>
+
+<p>The study habit&mdash;The germ of self-culture&mdash;Millions of tiny cells in our
+brain&mdash;The economic value of the study habit&mdash;Two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a></span> ways of gaining
+knowledge&mdash;Happiness in the company of those striving for higher
+ideals&mdash;A young wife's incentive to self-culture&mdash;The difference between
+moral and mental disloyalty&mdash;The study habit creates its own
+interest&mdash;Nosophobia, or the dread of disease&mdash;"Keep still and be well"
+... PAGE <a href="#Page_375">375</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">The Home</span></h4>
+
+<h3>CHAPTER XXVII</h3>
+
+<h4>DOMESTIC QUALITIES</h4>
+
+<p>A good housekeeper and home-maker&mdash;What constitutes a good
+housekeeper&mdash;Preparation and selection of meals&mdash;Washing dishes&mdash;Pots
+and pans&mdash;Dusting and cleaning&mdash;Work cheerfully and be thorough&mdash;Don't
+be a dust chaser&mdash;Don't get the anti-sunshine habit&mdash;Air your rooms&mdash;The
+ideal home&mdash;The medical essentials of a good meal&mdash;What makes the
+home&mdash;Working for something&mdash;The average housewife's existence is
+slavery&mdash;What shall we work for&mdash;Making ends meet&mdash;Rest and
+recreation&mdash;Try a nap&mdash;Get enough sleep at night&mdash;Go out of doors&mdash;Take
+a vacation now and then&mdash;Life insurance&mdash;Owning a home&mdash;The cheerful
+wife and mother&mdash;The indifferent wife and mother&mdash;Husband and wife ...
+PAGE <a href="#Page_389">389</a></p>
+
+
+<h3>CHAPTER XXVIII</h3>
+
+<h4>HOW WE CATCH DISEASE</h4>
+
+<p>How we catch disease&mdash;How germs enter the lungs&mdash;How germs work in the
+body&mdash;The function of the white blood cell&mdash;How an abscess is
+formed&mdash;The evil habit of spitting in public places&mdash;Sunlight and
+germs&mdash;Why it is necessary to open windows&mdash;Facts about
+tuberculosis&mdash;The tendency to disease&mdash;The best treatment for
+tuberculosis&mdash;Consumption is a preventable and a curable disease&mdash;When
+delay is dangerous&mdash;What to eat and wear in hot weather&mdash;Scientific
+dressing&mdash;Drink plenty of water&mdash;What to drink when traveling ... PAGE
+<a href="#Page_409">409</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">Diseases of Women</span></h4>
+
+<h3>CHAPTER XXIX</h3>
+
+<h4>DISEASES OF WOMEN</h4>
+
+<p>Diseases of women&mdash;The beginning of female disease&mdash;Ailing women are
+inefficient&mdash;as home-makers, as wife, as mother&mdash;<i>Few ailing women
+become pregnant</i>&mdash;The chief cause of female disease&mdash;The existence of
+the average<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span> mother&mdash;Female diseases are avoidable&mdash;The story of the
+wife&mdash;Women who don't want children&mdash;Abuse of the procreative
+function&mdash;What the woman with female disease should do&mdash;Cancer in
+women&mdash;Cancer of the breast&mdash;Cancer of the womb&mdash;What every woman should
+know about cancer&mdash;Change of life&mdash;The menopause&mdash;The climacteric&mdash;The
+average age at which the change of life occurs&mdash;Symptoms of the change
+of life&mdash;Importance of a correct diagnosis&mdash;Danger signals of the change
+of life&mdash;Conduct during the change of life ... PAGE <a href="#Page_433">433</a></p>
+
+
+<h4><span class="smcap">The Patent Medicine Evil</span></h4>
+
+<h3>CHAPTER XXX</h3>
+
+<h4>THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL</h4>
+
+<p>What mothers should know about the patent medicine evil&mdash;Tonics&mdash;Used by
+temperance people because it could "stimulate"&mdash;Stomach Bitters&mdash;Blood
+Bitters&mdash;Sarsaparilla&mdash;Celery Compound&mdash;Malt Whisky&mdash;Headache
+remedies&mdash;Pain Powders&mdash;Anti-headache&mdash;Headache Powders&mdash;Soothing
+syrups&mdash;Baby Friend&mdash;Catarrh powders&mdash;Kidney Pills&mdash;Expectorant&mdash;Cough
+syrup&mdash;Lithia Water&mdash;Health, wealth and happiness for a dollar a
+bottle&mdash;New Discovery for Consumption&mdash;Consumption Cure&mdash;Cancer
+cures&mdash;Pills for Pale People&mdash;Elixir of Life ... PAGE <a href="#Page_451">451</a></p>
+
+
+<h3>CHAPTER XXXI</h3>
+
+<h4>THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL (<i>continued</i>)</h4>
+
+<p>The &mdash;&mdash; Consumption Cure&mdash;Personals to Consumptives&mdash;Nature's
+Creation&mdash;Female weakness cures&mdash;Various compounds and malt whiskies ...
+PAGE <a href="#Page_467">467</a></p>
+
+
+<h3>CHAPTER XXXII</h3>
+
+<h4>THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL (<i>continued</i>)</h4>
+
+<p>How patent medicine firms and quacks dispose of the confidential letters
+sent to them. Patent medicine concerns and letter brokers&mdash;The patent
+medicine conspiracy against the freedom of the press&mdash;How the patent
+medicine trust crushes honest effort ... PAGE <a href="#Page_481">481</a></p>
+
+
+<h3>CHAPTER XXXIII</h3>
+
+<h4>THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL (<i>continued</i>)</h4>
+
+<p>The patent medicine evil and the duty of the mothers of the race&mdash;"Blood
+money"&mdash;The people must be the reformers&mdash;Mothers' resolutions ... PAGE
+<a href="#Page_489">489</a></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[Pg 331]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXIV</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"The achievement of an object is dependent upon our
+determination. Effort is a matter of will. Failure is a product
+of misdirected determination."</p></div>
+
+<h3>THE FORMATIVE PERIOD</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Best Age at Which to Marry&mdash;Incompatibility of
+Temperament&mdash;A Happy Marriage Need Not Be a Successful One&mdash;The
+Evils of Early Marriage&mdash;The Wedding Night, its Medical
+Aspect&mdash;The Honeymoon&mdash;When Marital Relations are
+Painful&mdash;Times when Marital Relations Should be Suspended&mdash;The
+First Weeks and Months of Wifehood&mdash;The Formative Period&mdash;A
+True Marriage&mdash;A Wife's True Position in the Household&mdash;Only
+Five Per Cent. of Happy Marriages&mdash;Period of
+Adaptation&mdash;Differences of Opinion&mdash;Differences of
+Principle&mdash;The Attainment of Success&mdash;Arguing Trifles&mdash;You Must
+Know What You Want&mdash;The Right Kind of Wife&mdash;Contributing to Her
+Husband's Efficiency&mdash;What Are the Requisites of
+Efficiency&mdash;Good Health&mdash;Thoroughly Cooked Meals&mdash;Rest at
+Night&mdash;Having a System&mdash;Enough Exercise&mdash;Freedom from Worry&mdash;Do
+Your Part&mdash;The First Quarrel&mdash;Fault Finding&mdash;The Husband's
+Efficiency Depends Upon the Wife&mdash;Work Must be Interesting&mdash;The
+Wife's Part.</p></div>
+
+
+<h4>THE BEST AGE AT WHICH TO MARRY</h4>
+
+<p>In order to determine the best age at which to marry, we must be guided
+by certain fixed standards. We must find out from statistics the average
+age of the parents of the best babies. We must determine and analyse the
+qualifications of what constitutes the "best" babies, according to the
+eugenic ideal. We should give heed to the fixity of temperamental
+characteristics in order to determine their adaptability to conditions
+that prevail at certain ages. We should select an age in advance of the
+period at which science has determined individuals to have outlived any
+hereditary tendencies.</p>
+
+<p>We have abundant proof that the best babies are born of parents between
+the twenty-third and the twenty-sixth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[Pg 332]</a></span> years. We know also that the age
+which responds, with the fullest degree of plasticity, to temperamental
+characteristics, is in the early twenties. We know, likewise, that
+inherited tendencies may be said to have been outlived at or about the
+twenty-second year. The ideal marrying age, therefore, is, for both male
+and female, approximately the twenty-third year.</p>
+
+<p>The physical, mental and moral development of both men and women, at
+this period, evidence a high degree of adaptability, and are responsive
+to the institution of marriage. Their hereditary traits, if any
+previously existed, assume a dormant form at this age. They have
+cultivated the temperamental qualities which they will retain, with few
+modifications, throughout life. On the other hand, their dispositions
+are responsive to reason, and are capable of readjustment. Their
+temperamental characteristics are plastic, and under favorable
+conditions it is possible for both to evidence a degree of sympathy and
+toleration that bespeaks future harmony and success. No marriage can
+result in mutual happiness and success if one of the participants is
+temperamentally incapable of changing his or her convictions. One of the
+fundamental essentials to peace in the home is the quality of adaptation
+to circumstances, and no other virtue will be called into existence
+oftener than this quality. At this age, a man is eager to contribute to
+the contentment and happiness of his partner, even if it is necessary to
+sacrifice his own whims and opinions, and a woman, at this period, is
+temperamentally so constituted that she will respond to the same
+impulses.</p>
+
+<p>Incompatibility of temperament simply implies that two individuals are
+so constituted that they cannot, or will not, adapt themselves to the
+temperamental characteristics of each other. This condition is one of
+the most prolific causes of unfortunate marriages. Age has a great deal
+to do with this situation. Men over thirty have unconsciously developed
+habits of judgment and are too set in their opinions and ways to
+accommodate themselves easily, or without friction, to the temperamental
+differences that will undoubtedly exist in their wives. The spirit of
+adaptation, which is a characteristic of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[Pg 333]</a></span> younger years, is lacking, and
+a mental readjustment is scarcely to be expected. We, therefore,
+frequently observe in the marriage relations of certain individuals a
+spirit of friendship existing rather than that of companionship which
+should be the quality that binds them together. Statistics prove that
+"affinities" creep into the lives of those who marry early, or in those
+who marry after thirty. This form of domestic infelicity may be rightly
+regarded as a product of "incompatibility of temperament."</p>
+
+<p>A happy marriage need not be a successful one. Some couples attain
+happiness through sorrow, grief, and failure. The so-called happy
+marriage, like happiness itself, is only a myth, made up of anticipation
+and memory. You have only to look into the calm and wrinkled faces of
+old women, and talk to them to discover that the outcome of
+unselfishness and abnegation forms the nearest approach to happiness in
+married life or out of it. It is the bearing of the burdens of life that
+constitutes its happiness.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Evils of Early Marriage.</b>&mdash;No woman has the vitality to stand the
+strain of maternity before the twenty-third year. If a girl marries at
+eighteen years of age she gives the world children totally unfit to
+struggle with its problems. At about twenty-two years she may give one
+child of value to the world, but all others following will be
+increasingly unfit. In early marriages children are apt to come too
+frequently, and this is one cause of infant mortality. Statistics show
+that children born with an interval between them of only one year have a
+mortality of one hundred per cent, higher rating than those born with an
+interval of two years. And if these children are the progeny of very
+young mothers the percentage is even greater. The percentage of children
+who are malformed and idiotic is greater among those born of too young
+parents. It has been shown that the child can only inherit what the
+parents possess. If the parents are not of an age when all the powers
+are at their highest, the child is robbed of just this amount of growth
+and force lacking; no amount of education or training can supply this
+loss.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[Pg 334]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>There is another feature of early marriages that should receive serious
+consideration. A girl of eighteen or twenty has not reached that period
+of growth where certain inherited tendencies will show. If she has
+inherited a predisposition to consumption she may outgrow this period
+provided she is permitted to reach her full growth without subjecting
+her constitution to any strenuous physical or mental strain. If,
+however, this girl marries and becomes a mother, the incident effect
+upon her health will most likely weaken her to the extent of bringing to
+the surface the inherited tendency. Many mothers succumb to just such
+conditions, where had they remained single until a later period they
+could have assumed the responsibility of maternity without any evil
+consequences.</p>
+
+<p>The idea that by an early marriage a woman can train and change the
+inborn characteristics of her husband is a mistake. Few women can reform
+a husband after marriage. If she cannot reform him before marriage she
+will never do it afterward. These inborn traits will have their way
+despite anything she may be able to do to change them&mdash;only the man
+himself can control and govern them. During the period of this
+temperamental transformation the function of parenthood should not be
+exercised. Only when a man's character is fully matured should he be
+permitted to transfer it to another generation.</p>
+
+<p>The idea has been advanced that early marriages will tend to preserve
+youth from sowing wild oats. The woman who is the victim of this
+delusion will reap a harvest of discontent and misery. Any man who needs
+the sacrifice of a woman to cultivate the art of self-control is not a
+fit citizen, far less a fit husband or father. A man who is willing to
+bring children into the world before he is a self-governed animal does
+not understand the first principles of race-regeneration, and it is the
+duty of parents to educate their sons and daughters in this fundamental
+idea. To be an efficient parent one must be mentally, morally, and
+physically developed.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Wedding Night;&mdash;Its Medical Aspect.</b>&mdash;The fundamental object of true
+marriage is the propagation<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[Pg 335]</a></span> of the species. Woman plays the more
+important part in the consummation of this duty inasmuch as she is the
+origin and depository of the future being. It is, therefore, most
+important that she should not be wholly ignorant of the nature and
+responsibilities of her position. Suffering, disease and death may
+result as a consequence of ignorance of these matters. It is the duty
+and the privilege of medical science to state, in language which all may
+understand, the facts regarding this interesting human event.</p>
+
+<p>It would seem as though suffering to some degree, characterized each
+epoch in a woman's life; menstruation, marriage and maternity. Much may
+be done, however, to lessen the pain necessary to the consummation of
+marriage. Not infrequently difficulty is experienced in this respect and
+great care, forbearance and gentleness must be exercised or unnecessary
+pain and injury may result. It is quite possible to cause serious injury
+by unrestrained impetuosity and this must be guarded against. It is
+sometimes absolutely necessary to consult a physician, especially in
+cases where greater resistance is experienced than is to be expected.
+These are rare cases.</p>
+
+<p>The first conjugal approaches are usually accompanied by a slight
+bleeding. They may not be so, however, and the absence of blood has no
+significance or meaning. The most suitable time to select for marriage
+is midway between the monthly periods. This is a season of sterility,
+and as the first nuptial relations may be followed by indisposition,
+pain and nervous irritability, it would be well to select a time when
+these ailments shall have an opportunity to subside before the
+appearance of the disturbances incident to pregnancy.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Honeymoon.</b>&mdash;From a medical standpoint there is great need of a
+radical change in the way in which this nuptial period is spent. For
+many weeks previous to marriage the bride's existence is a long
+drawn-out period of nervous tension. Instead of enjoying mental and
+physical rest and repose, every moment of the time is crowded with
+exacting incidents, which, ordinarily, would wreck the nervous system of
+a robust individual. If this exciting preparatory experience ended in a
+period of rest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[Pg 336]</a></span> and recuperation, it might not prove physically
+disastrous, instead of which, however, we know that the bride is
+subjected to a series of physiological tragedies which few weather with
+impunity. At no time of her life is she more in need of being surrounded
+with all the comforts of home and the intelligent direction of
+sympathizing friends who understand and appreciate the crisis through
+which she is passing. Custom, however, dictates that she shall be
+hurried from place to place at a time when the bodily quiet and the
+mental calmness and serenity so desirable to her should be the only
+object in view.</p>
+
+<p>Marital relations still continue painful and will be so for a few weeks.
+Too frequent indulgence at this period is a fruitful source of various
+inflammatory diseases, and often occasions temporary sterility and ill
+health. In many cases constitutional disturbances and nervous disorders
+have their beginning at this time and these unfortunate conditions are
+directly caused by the discomforts incident to the silliness of the
+social custom which deprives the woman of the rest and quiet necessary.</p>
+
+<p>The awakening of the sexual function is a tremendously important medical
+incident in the life of any woman. The simplest mind may adequately
+understand why such an experience should be consummated in a cheerful
+environment of domestic comfort and peace. To drag a girl around
+sight-seeing, when her nerves are on edge and supersensitive; when she
+is physically unfit, weary and not at all interested; when her brain is
+apprehensively busy with secret conjectures in which her husband even
+may not participate, is a species of torture which the average bride
+submits to with the best grace possible because social custom dictates
+the stupid programme.</p>
+
+<p>Mothers should approach this subject with tact and diplomacy, but they
+should, nevertheless, approach it with firm intentions to persuade their
+daughters to consider the situation from a common sense standpoint. The
+custom of the honeymoon survives because young brides do not appreciate
+the facts involved. It is the mother's duty to acquaint them with the
+truth, and no sensible mother will plan, or agree to a honeymoon that
+involves continuous discomfort and possible serious consequences<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[Pg 337]</a></span> to the
+health of her daughter at the beginning of what should be the happiest
+period of her life.</p>
+
+<p><b>When Marital Relations Are Painful.</b>&mdash;Nature did not intend that the act
+by which the earth is to be replenished should be painful. If therefore,
+pain is a constant characteristic of this function, it is an evidence
+that disease exists and it should be given attention at the earliest
+possible moment. A displaced, congested womb is most frequently the
+cause. Such displacements most likely are a result of imprudence in
+dress, constipation and general negligence on the part of the victim. To
+delay or postpone assistance in such cases is dangerous, while on the
+other hand, relief is prompt and as a rule satisfactory if taken in
+time.</p>
+
+<p><b>Times When Marital Relations Should be Suspended.</b>&mdash;There are times when
+such relations are eminently improper. There are certain legitimate
+causes for denial by the wife.</p>
+
+<p>Intoxication in the husband is a good reason for refusal. Idiots and
+epileptics have been produced as a result of one parent being
+intoxicated when fecundation took place. Many cases are on record whose
+history is well authenticated where the mental faculties of the
+offspring have been totally destroyed.</p>
+
+<p>Convalescence from a severe sickness is a just cause for sexual
+abstinence. The existence of any local or constitutional disease which
+would be aggravated by marital relationship is also a just cause of
+refusal. The existence of a contagious disease renders a refusal valid.
+Sexual intercourse should never be permitted during the menses.
+Pregnancy is unquestionably a just cause for refraining from all
+marriage duties.</p>
+
+<p><b>The First Weeks and Months of Wifehood.</b>&mdash;The daughter is established in
+her own home: she is now the young wife, the prospective mother. What
+can we say that will be helpful at this period&mdash;those wonderful first
+weeks and months of wifehood? Her guiding star will unquestionably be
+the unconscious lessons she has absorbed from the tactful talks with
+mother. She will unwittingly pattern her conduct, to a large extent,
+after her, and follow the routine mother adopted in the old<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[Pg 338]</a></span> home. But
+there is a new factor to be considered. Her life, present and future,
+her possibilities, her very happiness, is dependent upon the husband.
+The old saying, that, "you must live with a man to really know him," she
+will find to be all too true. The story of her future life might be
+safely told if we could know how she will meet the new vicissitudes. She
+has known her husband only as a sweetheart, she has clothed him with
+virtues that exist only in her imagination, will he measure up to her
+expectations? She is watchful and tactful,&mdash;the little mother-talks she
+remembers. She did not believe when mother told her, that he had
+qualities which she would only find out after marriage, but she knows
+now. She is learning that household duties are exacting and fretful;
+that, though married, life still has a few thorns. She finds out also
+that the long day, when husband is at business, affords many
+opportunities for reflection and serious thought. These moments of
+seeming leisure are the moments of destiny. They are the introspective
+moments, when she weighs and measures out for herself sympathy, if she
+is not made of the right stuff, or she makes strong resolutions, and
+prepares herself mentally to win out in the new life. They are the
+moments when her subconscious intelligence is trying to express itself
+in the spirit of truth and honesty, when she weighs and measures and
+analyses the exigencies of the new environment. Her destiny depends upon
+the inspiration that is impressed upon her brain as a result of these
+self-communings.</p>
+
+<p>Most of us would not follow exactly the path we trod had we the
+opportunity to live our lives over again. The young wife has the chance
+to "do it over again." She has the opportunity of a new beginning. She
+should regard this opportunity as the most precious gift she will ever
+obtain. Many would give untold wealth for her chance. Happiness and
+riches lie at her feet. All the experiences that make life worth living
+are within her grasp. It all depends upon herself. An enthusiast is apt
+to be insistent. If his cause is just we gain by his insistency and
+determination. We are enthusiasts on this subject, we want you to
+believe in our disinterested sincerity.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[Pg 339]</a></span> We believe,&mdash;in fact we know,
+that the first few months after marriage is the critical period in every
+woman's life so far as the attainment of happiness and success is
+concerned. No physician can practice medicine for years and fail to have
+this truth impressed upon him again and again.</p>
+
+<p>Every intelligent person knows that most young girls enter into the
+marriage relationship without a real understanding of its true meaning,
+or even a serious thought regarding its duties or its responsibilities.
+Maternity is thrust upon these physically and mentally immature young
+wives, and they assume the principal role in a relationship that is
+onerous and exacting. We know that the duties of wife and mother require
+an intelligence which is rendered efficient only by experience. We know
+that young wives acquire habits which undermine their health and their
+morals unwittingly. And we also know that the product of this
+diversified inefficiency is what constitutes the decadence and the
+degeneracy of the human race. Is it any wonder that mistakes occur, that
+heartaches abound, and that homes are degraded?</p>
+
+<p>What is the remedy? Education! Systematized instruction; an efficient
+and everlasting propaganda of education carried into the homes of the
+thousands of young wives and mothers who are willing, but who do not
+know how to play their part creditably and efficiently.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Formative Period.</b>&mdash;The period prior to marriage is the formative
+period, the character building years. Matrimony is to be the test of how
+we have built our castle. The success of the matrimonial venture&mdash;for
+every marriage is an experiment&mdash;depends absolutely upon the result of
+the first year. We would, therefore, seriously, and earnestly, request
+the young wife to think deeply upon this problem and not to ignore the
+fact that the success of the venture is absolutely dependent upon her
+efforts to a very large degree. Some may assert that the husband is the
+essential equation, so far as happiness and success is concerned in the
+matrimonial venture. We do not think so. A home is what the woman makes
+it. A man may not be an ideal husband, or even a good father, though his
+home, to his children, may be heaven<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[Pg 340]</a></span> itself if the wife is a born
+mother and a good woman. On the other hand a man may be patient, hard
+working, self-sacrificing, good father, but he cannot make a happy home,
+for his children, if his wife is not the right kind of a woman.</p>
+
+<p>A true marriage implies love and confidence, and in the vast majority of
+marriages these qualities can be regarded as tangible, and may be used
+as any other business equity is used, for a certain time. The length of
+time depends upon the use to which this asset is put during the early
+months of marriage. It is the utilization of this time, how best to
+employ it, that concerns us here.</p>
+
+<p>A word as to a wife's true position in the household may be opportune.
+There is no question but that her status has changed in the last
+generation. Whether this change is for the better is a matter of
+opinion. It is too large and too intricate a problem to be fully
+discussed in a book of this character. Any opinion on such a subject
+must of necessity, in our judgment, be a warped one. There are few, very
+few, absolutely happy and congenial homes. It has been estimated that
+only five per cent. of all marriages are successful. If five per cent.
+make a success of marriage why could not the other ninety-five? The
+reasons are not fundamental or serious&mdash;they are trivial as a rule. It
+is making the right beginning that counts. If this is the secret, and
+every married person of experience will testify to this truth, the young
+wife should give the matter her serious consideration. In the life
+history of every couple there is a period of adaptation, which is sooner
+or later passed through at the expense of one or the other, or both,
+resigning themselves to an acceptance of the stronger, or positive,
+elements in the other's disposition.</p>
+
+<p><b>Differences of Opinion.</b>&mdash;If a woman discovers, for example, that her
+husband has very decided views upon certain matters, and these views do
+not in any way conflict with the law, moral or otherwise, and the
+adoption of them does not necessitate the denial of a principle, it
+would be far better for her to acquiesce in these views, rather than to
+obstinately adhere to her opinions,&mdash;especially if she cannot, in a
+friendly way, offer an argument<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[Pg 341]</a></span> strong enough to convince him he is
+wrong. One or the other of every married pair will have to be willing to
+give in, in all trivial matters that come up from day to day, if a
+harmonious degree of existence is to be reached.</p>
+
+<p>It is certainly natural to assume that ordinarily the wife will be the
+one to concede most. She is supposed to be endowed with all the gentler
+attributes. Therefore our advice,&mdash;irrespective of all the arguments
+which may be made, and which we need not even hint at, here, but which
+are at the tongue's end of every so-called advanced woman,&mdash;is for the
+young wife to gratefully concede a great deal to her husband.</p>
+
+<p>If a man's daily life is clean, and if his ambition is to work in order
+to provide a comfortable home for his wife and children, he is deserving
+of the love and confidence of any true woman. And inasmuch as you have
+chosen this man for your husband, for your guide and for the father of
+your unborn children, it behooves you to find out how you may quickly
+accommodate yourself to be his helpmate, his friend, his confidant and
+companion, throughout all the years of your life. Let us assure you
+without fear of contradiction, that you will endear yourself to him by
+your willingness to be advised and guided by him. Such an attitude will
+engender a tangible confidence that may be drawn upon to weather
+temperamental contests that might otherwise prove to be serious
+obstacles in building up a mutual respect and trust and which is
+essential to peace and happiness. He will look for your word of cheer,
+and he will willingly tell you more and more of his inmost thoughts and
+ambitions, and unconsciously he will rely upon your judgment, your
+womanly intuition, your help, in every move he makes. The time when you
+will have to "give in" will have passed away. You will have made
+yourself part of his life, his mentality, you will have reached the goal
+of domestic happiness, and that is as near paradise as most of us reach
+in this world. It all depends upon "how you go about it" in the first
+few months of married life.</p>
+
+<p>Consider the other picture. If a wife cultivates, or has the inherited
+inclination to argue trifles, to bicker<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[Pg 342]</a></span> over mere matters of opinion,
+even if she wins occasionally, what does she gain? Nothing! The husband
+resents the tendency to argument. His pride is wounded at the thought
+that his wife needs to be convinced of every opinion he advances. Such
+an attitude completely breaks down the tangible confidence that is
+essential to peace and happiness. Soon he begins to keep his opinion to
+himself; the serpent enters the home; the wife finds he is interested in
+things of which he does not inform her. Jealousy, lack of confidence,
+doubt,&mdash;the skeletons of all domestic peace and happiness soon
+accomplish their terrible and tragic work, and the end is not difficult
+to imagine.</p>
+
+<p>Most of the things regarding which husbands and wives quarrel are of no
+special moment. They are not momentous subjects,&mdash;it is usually a trifle
+that mars the domestic peace. It takes but a few years for most women to
+appreciate that many of the things that cause heartaches are not of any
+consequence at all. They originate, as a rule, in one or the other
+failing to appreciate that the other has certain individual rights which
+demand some degree of respectful consideration. The ego element in human
+nature is responsible for a very considerable portion of the domestic
+infelicity that mars the home life of a large proportion of the people.</p>
+
+<p><b>Trivial Differences.</b>&mdash;Many homes have been broken or rendered
+permanently wretched by trivial differences. The husband may like to
+play games, the wife may want to read. One may like to go out to parties
+and theaters, the other may want to stay at home. Before marriage these
+differences appear to merest trifles and are the subjects of
+good-humored bantering; after marriage they cause constant dissension,
+constant friction. A trifle is the usual beginning, a divorce may be the
+end. A little lack of tact, an unwillingness to sacrifice self in a
+small measure "at the right moment" and friction would have ended.</p>
+
+<p>It is a reflection upon our intelligence, and it is rather significant
+that it should be the little, trifling things that cause most of the
+troubles and heartaches in the world. We rarely quarrel over the
+important episodes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[Pg 343]</a></span> Of life; the real things, the things that constitute
+the measure of our manhood and womanhood. Ask any of your friends, be
+they Jew or Gentile, Catholic or Protestant, Baptist or Episcopalian,
+Democrat or Republican, whether, in their best judgment, it is better to
+be honest or dishonest, clean or dirty, false or true, intelligent or
+ignorant, an idler or a worker; whether it is better to be gentle and
+kind or brutal and cruel, a gossip and scandal monger or to mind our own
+business and to speak kindly of our fellow-man, whether, in short, it is
+better to be good or bad? And yet these are the real, the fundamental
+qualities that brand a man, or a woman, or a race of people, as worthy
+and true and Christ-like.</p>
+
+<p>To the eugenist, a thought obtrudes itself at this point. It is the
+logical, the link between the cause and the effect. Why do we waste so
+much time arguing and fighting over non-essentials? Why is the world
+such a big quarreling-pot over nothing? And the eugenist suggests, if it
+is not possible, that the explanation may be found, in the fact, that
+the human family, as a race, is below par; that so many of us are
+incomplete; that it is the product of the combined mental effort of the
+unworthy element that makes all the trouble? It is scarcely logical to
+assume, that an individual who has been brought into the world by
+healthy, worthy parents, and whose ancestry for generations have been
+clean, honest people; and whose upbringing and education has been
+adequate to fit him to become a respectable, decent citizen, could, or
+would be a trouble maker. On the other hand, can we expect, or are we
+justified in hoping that an individual whose ancestral record is bad,
+whose environmental conditions are faulty, whose education has been
+neglected, who is in all probability physically and mentally deficient,
+will be capable of conforming to the standards of the other individual?
+From an imperfect whole, may we not naturally expect bad parts? From a
+diseased body and mind, may we not look for a low standard of thought
+and action? And may not these conditions account for the greater part of
+the little, as as the big, troubles that mar the peace and progress<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[Pg 344]</a></span> of
+the race? Will not the elimination of the eugenically unworthy rid the
+world of its heartaches and sorrows? It is not only a suggestive
+thought, it is an inspiration for the exercise of the supreme
+intelligence of the statesman, the sociologist, the teacher and the
+preacher alike.</p>
+
+<p><b>Differences of Principle.</b>&mdash;There are more serious differences than those
+of taste, however. There are differences of principle.</p>
+
+<p>They do not reveal themselves before the promise "for better or for
+worse." The sentimental days of courtship did not bring them out. But
+now that they have settled down to the routine of ordinary living,
+nature brings them to the surface and the issue must be met. It is
+discovered that the wife is a devout Christian and a faithful church
+attendant while the husband insists on his wife spending Sunday in the
+country, or at the seashore. The woman tries to get her husband to go to
+church but she fails. He tried to get her to accompany him but he does
+not succeed. There is a rift in the lute, little sorrowful heart pangs
+on the part of the woman, and the man feels sore and grouchy and wanders
+away alone, then finally open quarrels and indifference. Two lives are
+pulling apart. Someone must give in; but which one? The observance of
+her religious duties to the wife is a matter of principle. The husband's
+method of spending Sunday is simply habit. He has no right to interfere
+with her liberty in this respect. The one to give in is the one whose
+conscience is not trampled upon. If the husband refuses to go to church
+with his wife, he can do so amicably, and in such a tactful way that his
+wife cannot reasonably feel permanently offended, but he must not object
+to his wife going to church, nor has he the right to insist on being
+accompanied in his outing by his wife. On the other hand, the wife must
+not nag or quarrel with him continuously on the subject of religion.
+Those little incidents will come up in the experience of every married
+couple. They are not serious or insurmountable in themselves, but they
+can be made serious by mismanagement.</p>
+
+<p>The true wife is the home-maker, not simply the housekeeper. She is
+responsible for its attractiveness and its<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[Pg 345]</a></span> comfort, its morals and its
+existence. The marriage vow "does not make a wife, but comradeship in
+the bearing of the burdens of life, does." She must be Love and Justice
+and Truth to her children, and companion and friend and helpmeet to her
+husband.</p>
+
+<p>We, therefore, advise the young wife to begin wedded life with definite
+plans and ideals.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Attainment of Success.</b>&mdash;In the first place, you do want your
+particular matrimonial venture to be a success. Success in one sense is
+getting what you want. You must, however, know exactly what you want.
+Very few people know what they want, but those few are the ones who
+manage to "get there." If you ask a dozen of your friends what their
+plan of life is, what they are working for, what they really want, not
+one of them probably could tell you with any degree of exactness. Most
+people go along in an indefinite way, working from day to day, more or
+less dissatisfied, and with absolutely no feeling of certainty as to
+what the future holds in store for them.</p>
+
+<p>Human effort is an example of energy misdirected and it is the greatest
+potential energy in the universe. Really to want something means that we
+must be willing to sacrifice everything necessary to attain our wish,
+and to concentrate and direct all our efforts in its attainment. To do
+this, we must be efficient, we must be healthy, we must strive day and
+night, and we must want intensely to achieve success.</p>
+
+<p>During the first few weeks of married life the young wife, if she is a
+wise little lady, will take stock. She will begin to think, and she will
+naturally speculate about the future. She will try to determine the
+facts in her particular life that are the important ones so far as the
+attainment of success is concerned. Her material success of course is
+dependent upon the efficiency of her husband. Now, a married man's
+efficiency depends almost entirely on his wife. If a man attains great
+material success, he will acknowledge, if he acknowledges the truth,
+that his wife is deserving of most of the credit. The husbands of most
+good, sensible wives are successful. If a man is, unfortunately, married
+to a woman<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[Pg 346]</a></span> who is not a helpmeet, who is not a well-balanced wife and
+mother, and achieves success, he does so by reason of his innate
+strength of character and in spite of the unjust drain on his
+efficiency. Most men under these circumstances however lose heart and
+interest and become failures.</p>
+
+<p>The young wife, therefore, will definitely plan in just what way she can
+contribute to her husband's efficiency.</p>
+
+<p><b>What Are the Requisites of Efficiency? Good Health.</b>&mdash;He must have
+regular meals. The food must be carefully selected and suitable to his
+personal needs according to the character of the work in which he is
+engaged. The food must be properly and thoroughly cooked. If he does not
+understand the science of eating, the wife must educate him. Remember
+his success means your success, his failure, your failure. If you were
+in charge of a highly complicated machine, you would not allow it to be
+ruined by careless misuse. You may have married a healthy animal, but
+animals are tricky and uncertain. He is still your lover and he will do
+anything reasonable for you, if you "go about it in the right spirit and
+in the right way." Be sure you "go about it in the right way." Be
+tactful, be patient, don't nag. Don't tell him of his faults, simply
+note them then determine what you want to accomplish. In a little while,
+he will become enthusiastic and will be telling his friends how to eat,
+and what to eat, and, later, he may try to convince you that he thought
+of the idea first. This is the typical man. You will learn how to manage
+him, and your first success will encourage you&mdash;he will be a child in
+your hands&mdash;if you only "go about it right." And this applies to
+everything you do that has any relation to domestic peace and happiness
+and final success.</p>
+
+<p>The woman who grasps the meaning of the following truism and determines
+to practice it, is well on her way to happiness and success. "It is the
+man that has a system in both life and business that wins the battles."
+The struggle of life has become so strenuous that most everyone's nerves
+are always near the explosive point,&mdash;the man who has a system in life
+has discovered that there is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[Pg 347]</a></span> nothing to be gained by being
+disrespectful or discourteous, or by butting rough-shod into the affairs
+or interests of other people; tact, diplomacy, flattery, the
+temperamental capacity to wiggle around the explosive corners of other
+peoples' irascible nerves to gain your point, is "having a system," and
+it wins battles. The young wife who knows how to do this, is so far
+ahead of the army of ordinary young wives, that she need not take time
+to look around to see if the others are gaining ground. They will never
+overtake her.</p>
+
+<p><b>Rest and Sleep.</b>&mdash;The husband must get enough rest each night, so don't
+drag him away to parties and balls and late suppers. Be a
+philanthropist&mdash;give him the care you would give a thoroughbred horse
+with which you hoped to win a big stake. Let him think, however, that
+you are doing it for his sake. To you the prize is a greater stake&mdash;it
+means life's failure or success. Remember you are in this fight to win.
+The gratification of whims and fancies during the first year of married
+life leads to the establishment of expensive habits, and may be the one
+factor that will mean failure in the future, when you will wish, with
+all your heart that you had begun differently. The time to sacrifice, to
+work hard, to plan ahead, is when one is young; when hope is strong and
+health is good&mdash;not when ambition falters, when age grows weary, when
+efficiency is impossible, and when regrets crowd in on us and failure
+crushes energy and hope and happiness. The struggle of life is a real
+one to every soul born, but it is worth the fight, and the glory of a
+fight won is the greatest human satisfaction this side of the grave. Try
+it, try to win.</p>
+
+<p><b>Enough Exercise.</b>&mdash;Be sure your husband is getting enough exercise. If
+his work is desk work, think out some plan to compel him to take the
+exercise every healthy animal requires. Make up your mind definitely
+what is necessary and exactly what it is you want him to do, and then
+begin to work in your own successful way with that object in view. It
+may be systematized gymnastic work he needs. If so, suggest to him the
+advisability of becoming a member of a club or gymnasium, or get two
+sets of exercisers and begin work on them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[Pg 348]</a></span> yourself if necessary. Devote
+ten minutes every morning and night to exercise. He will soon follow
+you, and many happy contests you will have and profitable ones too.
+Working together is the secret of domestic peace. Even if this reads
+like slavery or self-immolation, what do you care? You are happy, you
+are working for something, the time will come when you will have
+realized your ambition. Domestic happiness and material success are
+worth all we are asked to pay for them and they are never obtainable on
+the bargain counter.</p>
+
+<p>It may be outdoor exercise he needs, try golf, swimming, baseball,
+tennis, anything to gain your point; and, all the time, remember you are
+leading him by your apron-string because you have discovered the secret
+of "how to go about it."</p>
+
+<p><b>Freedom From Worry.</b>&mdash;A man cannot work efficiently and worry at the same
+time. Modern business methods are conducted on such a strenuous basis
+that, to keep "in the ring," a man needs every ounce of reserve he can
+command. Don't imagine your husband is totally free from cares and
+responsibilities just because he is not at business. He may have left
+his office a few minutes earlier than usual to get away from trouble.
+Encourage the system. When a man feels in his heart that there is one
+person in the world to whom he can always turn, and be sure of a loving,
+sympathetic greeting, one who understands and believes in him, one place
+he can always go and feel certain of enjoying peace, and comfort and
+contentment, there is little danger of any friend supplanting the wife,
+or any club or saloon taking the place of home.</p>
+
+<p><b>Do Your Part.</b>&mdash;The moment you know your husband is in the house, change
+the expression on your face, smile, even if it pains you, and go to him
+with a familiar word of greeting and give him a kiss. Do this every day
+of your life, unless when you are sick in bed, when he will go to you.
+Establish this habit, and if ever the day comes when he returns from
+work and there is no greeting, no kiss, stop the whole domestic ship,
+regard it as a tragedy. Don't let the first entering wedge of discord
+come into your life. If there is no first quarrel, there will never be a
+second. If you are at fault you had better<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[Pg 349]</a></span> right matters at once or
+take the consequences. Take our advice. Don't experiment with a man.
+Deep down, every man is a brute. There is a certain elemental devil in
+every male animal. Don't rouse it. You are only a woman. Don't invite a
+quarrel. You will get the worst of it. Keep on the peaceful side of the
+street. It is always a mistake to talk too much. Words are poison when
+silence is golden. You cannot make a mistake by leaving the husband
+alone if he is at fault. Time is a wonderful physician; she will heal
+almost any wound. Your tact, your silence, your seeming fear (in other
+words, your method "of going about it in the right spirit and in the
+right way"), and an opportunity to think it over, will make him ashamed
+of himself. He will want to crawl back into your good graces and the
+lesson will be a long remembered one to him,&mdash;if, and this is
+tremendously important&mdash;the wife does not glory in her triumph and nag
+him about it. The temptation to err is great and there are few young
+wives who can resist it. Keep silent, however. Don't refer to it and you
+will win more than you know. Blessed is she who can forget what is not
+worth remembering.</p>
+
+<p>You will have averted the first quarrel and, inasmuch as the "first
+quarrel" is an historic event in every married woman's experience, it
+may be worthy of a little further consideration.</p>
+
+<p><b>The First Quarrel.</b>&mdash;Some women become weak in a crisis and spoil their
+own chances of success, despite the fact that circumstances may have
+been working in their favor. Some women meet a crisis bravely and do
+exactly the right thing at the right time but falter and fail after the
+crisis has passed. Take, for example, the incident we have just
+narrated. When a husband brings into the home a sample of his real self,
+for the first time, it is not really an unexpected event, though it may
+be an unpleasant shock to the young wife; and she must not render it an
+important incident by mismanagement. Nevertheless, it is in itself a
+momentous occasion, and it may prove to be the moment of destiny. The
+spirit of the lover has been the dominant spirit so far, the atmosphere
+of the honeymoon has continued, there has been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[Pg 350]</a></span> no friction, no quarrel.
+To-night the husband has carried a business <i>grouch</i> into the home, his
+militant impulses are just below the surface, the slightest unfortunate
+word, the least lack of tact, a failure to "sense" the situation
+correctly, will explode the mine and wreck a dream. Deep down in the
+man's heart he does not want a quarrel but the brute in him will fight
+if the environment invites it. It takes two to quarrel. Silence on the
+part of the wife, therefore, is the only solution of the problem. If the
+first quarrel never takes place the second will never have to be
+dreaded. Silence, no matter what the provocation may be; no matter how
+acute the sense of injustice may be, silence is the only safe way out.
+The husband if left alone, will be ashamed of the situation his lack of
+self-control has created, the lover spirit will conquer the brute. He
+will regret the pain he has caused; he will want to forget and be
+forgiven quickly though he may not go through the formality of an
+apology. A formal apology and reconciliation will, in his judgment,
+dignify the episode and make a mountain out of a molehill. The wife will
+be wise to so regard it though it is an injustice to her. The husband
+will not underestimate the importance of the event, however, and in many
+ways will be a better husband in future, but he does not want to talk
+about it or be talked to regarding it. This is part of the psychology of
+the male, and the successful wife discovers it early and acts
+accordingly.</p>
+
+<p>Having safely piloted your craft through the troubled waters, don't
+prove weak and silly when you reach a safe harbor. When the moment of
+passive reconciliation arrives, when it is necessary to resume the
+domestic routine, don't show the spirit of resentment. Be pleasant,
+don't cry, don't become hysterical. Be strong, ignore the whole affair,
+leave it in the hands of time and forget it. The victory is yours, don't
+lose it.</p>
+
+<p><b>Fault Finding.</b>&mdash;At a later date, when, in all probability, the wife will
+be the one whose conduct will incite trouble because of the worries
+incident to her more or less monotonous, domestic existence, much care
+will have to be exercised so that an unwitting fretfulness may not cause
+quarrels. When a man comes home at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[Pg 351]</a></span> night tired and hungry, longing for
+peace, and comfort, and pleasant conversation, it is worse than anarchy
+to not only get no greeting, but to note the discontent on his wife's
+face, and to listen to a tirade of fault finding. Your husband has
+troubles of his own. The maid's impudence, the crossness of the baby,
+the noise of the neighbor's children, the toughness of the meat from the
+butcher, do not interest him. He is hungry, he wants to eat, and above
+all, he wants rest and peace. We are considering this subject from the
+economic standpoint. The young wife must recognize that if she is a
+fault finder, if she worries her husband, she interferes with his
+efficiency and jeopardizes the attainment of success,&mdash;her own success.
+From a purely selfish standpoint, it is a bad investment.</p>
+
+<p>It may interest many young wives to know, that a number of large
+corporations have recently begun to systematically investigate the
+domestic environment of their employees. If it is found that they are
+not happy, or that they do not enjoy a restful and congenial home life,
+they discharge them. They claim that a man who is worried cannot be
+efficient, and if he is not efficient he is not a dependable individual
+to have in their employ. Some railroads will not allow an engineer to
+drive a passenger train after it is discovered that he is unhappily
+married. The young wife should, therefore, appreciate that she may be
+directly responsible for her husband's efficiency and success. If a
+woman is guilty of conduct that interferes with the earning capacity of
+her husband she is erecting an obstacle to happiness and success that is
+fundamental, permanent and insurmountable. In justice to herself and to
+her husband and to the future she should promptly decide if the
+conditions are such that a change is impossible, and if so she should,
+in order to avert a tragedy, seek a separation.</p>
+
+<p><b>Work Must Be Interesting.</b>&mdash;No man can exert the highest degree of
+efficiency if he is not interested in his work. This has become a
+business truism. How can the wife aid in this matter? By co&ouml;peration, by
+tactful advice, by suggesting new methods, by originating new ideas that
+may open the way to new possibilities.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[Pg 352]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Even menial work is interesting if we regard it as a stepping-stone to
+something better. It must be done thoroughly, however, to justify this
+hope. Life is a struggle, a struggle in which many are vanquished and
+few survive. Only those few survive who fit most perfectly to their
+environment. If a man is getting proper nourishment and sufficient
+exercise, and is free from worry, if in other words he has vitality, he
+cannot possibly fail to give full value for what he receives. His work
+will at least be satisfactory. If his lack of interest in his work is
+because it does not fully satisfy his ambition, this is a splendid
+opportunity for the tactful and resourceful wife.</p>
+
+<p>It was suggested to an enterprising little wife, whose husband was
+earning a small salary as a bookkeeper, to advise him to study
+stenography and correspondence at the Y. M. C. A. He did so, and is now
+the private secretary of the president of a large corporation, at a
+salary of six thousand dollars per year. His wife encouraged and cajoled
+him during the long winter nights when he studied late. She sacrificed
+herself by giving up all social entertainments and other pleasures. She
+catered to his tastes and comfort, and she talked so entertainingly
+during spare moments of what the future would be when he was a great
+success, that he was simply compelled to make good. She got her reward,
+and the very struggle and effort strengthened their characters,
+broadened their sympathies, and taught them the true meaning of love and
+affection.</p>
+
+<p>Other young wives may achieve similar success if they "go about it
+right." That is the secret. That was the secret of this young wife's
+success. She first knew what she wanted, she then prepared the way by
+tactfully showing her husband how he could increase his efficiency. She
+kept the subject diplomatically before him by directly praising him,
+assuring him that he had the ability, that he would find it easy, that
+he was meant for "higher things." Then she drew word pictures of where
+they would live, the kind of house she would like and the new furniture
+she would buy, and where they would spend their vacations when he was
+earning the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[Pg 353]</a></span> salary which she knew he was worth. They began to live in
+this future, it became part of their life, his pride was awakened, he
+would be ashamed to fail, he was whipped to the post and spurred to the
+finish and he won the race, because he had married the right kind of a
+woman. "The right kind of a woman,"&mdash;the woman who knows that "the
+marriage vow" does not make a wife, but that comradeship in the bearing
+of the burdens of life does.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Wife's Part.</b>&mdash;Having read the preceding pages some young wives may
+ask if that is really what being married means? If it is all work and
+sacrifice and no pleasure? That is exactly what it means and if there is
+no pleasure in work and sacrifice, then there is no pleasure in married
+life. The young wife who fails to see the significance of this
+interpretation of what has been written has a fundamentally wrong idea
+of what married life means.</p>
+
+<p>A woman who begins her wedded life with less loyal ideals than are
+depicted in the performance of the duties we have enumerated is imposing
+on her husband and is false to herself. She will not attain happiness
+and success. To marry in order to have a good time should be a state's
+prison offence.</p>
+
+<p>Happiness and contentment and success are products of duty well done.
+They are the logical recompense for effort and sacrifice. Individual
+happiness is not the chief object of existence in this life. To work
+efficiently is the supreme obligation. It is naturally to desire
+happiness and to labor for it; but it is absurd to be annoyed and angry
+because we do not find it. Happiness through marriage is never attained
+except by never-ending self-abnegation and effort.</p>
+
+<p>We must struggle or we will degenerate. A correct interpretation of
+racial progress proves this truth. Effort is the supreme law. All good
+things have been given to man at the price of labor.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[Pg 355]</a></span></p>
+<h2>ADVICE TO YOUNG WIVES</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[Pg 357]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXV</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Being forced to work, and forced to do your best, will breed
+in you temperance, self-control, diligence, strength of will,
+content, and a hundred virtues which the idle will never know."</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 30em;"><span class="smcap">Charles Kingsley.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<h4>HOW TO ACHIEVE</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>What the Young Wife Owes to Herself&mdash;Why Was I Born&mdash;What Are
+the Personal Qualities Necessary to Success&mdash;What Are the
+Personal Qualities Necessary to Happiness&mdash;Self-control&mdash;What
+is a Thought&mdash;The Evil Habit of Hasty Judgment&mdash;The Bad Thought
+Habit&mdash;Training the Mind&mdash;Go About it in the Right Way&mdash;Be Sure
+Your Husband's Friends Are Your Friends&mdash;Be a Good Fellow&mdash;Two
+Kinds of People in the World&mdash;Everything Depends Upon What We
+Do With Our Mind&mdash;The Most Popular Woman&mdash;The Gift of
+Flattery&mdash;Choosing Your Friends&mdash;True Friendship Expects and
+Demands Nothing&mdash;True Friendship is Necessary&mdash;"By Your Friends
+Shall Ye Be Known"&mdash;Making Resolves&mdash;The Formula of
+Success&mdash;When Fortune Knocks.</p></div>
+
+
+<p><b>What the Young Wife Owes to Herself.</b>&mdash;If the young wife is making a
+conscientious effort to do her duty, there are certain things she owes
+to herself, to her husband, to her unborn children. She too must
+preserve her health, her efficiency. In guarding the health and
+contributing to the efficiency of her husband, she will have done much
+in this direction. She will, however, have many spare moments at her
+disposal. We have already remarked that these are the moments of
+destiny. In the coming years she will look back upon these moments with
+real pride, or regret, according to how she spent, or misspent them. Let
+us begin all over again, with renewed interest and enthusiasm, and try
+to understand just what is meant by this.</p>
+
+<p>Every human being asks himself, or herself, at some time in life, the
+questions, "Why was I born? For what purpose was I created and put upon
+this earth? Is there any real object or purpose in living, except to
+pass the time from day to day, and year to year?" To most,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[Pg 358]</a></span> the reply is
+perplexing,&mdash;and not at all satisfactory. All great minds who have
+deeply studied this problem, unanimously agree that there is a purpose
+in life. We are not a thing apart,&mdash;an isolated entity. We are part of
+the living whole; every thought, every deed, every spoken word, every
+sentiment, every passion, every prayer, is inter-related with every
+other thought, deed, word, sentiment, passion and prayer of every other
+living thing in all eternity. We have an ideal to maintain, and if we
+are untrue or fail, we interrupt, we desecrate the everlasting scheme of
+the universe. We will therefore be held responsible for our manner of
+living,&mdash;for the sum total of our existence. We have a purpose to
+fulfill, a responsibility to sustain. If we are false to that purpose,
+and fail in our responsibilities, we rob the world of the help we should
+bestow, and, in a far larger measure, we deprive ourselves of benefits
+and pleasures, every moment of our lives, greater than we can conceive.</p>
+
+<p>The world is many centuries old, and many millions of human beings have
+lived and died during that time. A certain percentage of these men and
+women lived lives which bettered the world. They left a thought which
+will live through all the ages. They proved the truth of some basic
+unchanging principle. They drew the attention of mankind to the reality
+of a certain immutable fact. These truths, these principles, these
+facts, have all been tested, and they have been found to be everlasting.
+In other words, we find there are certain truths, certain principles,
+certain facts, that every living thing must obey, must subscribe to,
+must live up to or perish. Every thought, every deed, every movement, of
+every living thing, is regulated by unalterable laws which govern our
+lives and to which we must conform or pay the penalty in failure. Human
+nature is God's riddle!</p>
+
+<p><b>What are the Personal Qualities That Experience has Shown to be
+Necessary in the Attainment of Happiness and Success?</b>&mdash;Experience has
+taught us that certain personal qualifications are essential to the
+attainment of success and happiness. We must, for example, be master of
+ourselves. We must have acquired the art of self-control. Self-control
+is an evidence of a high<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[Pg 359]</a></span> intelligence. There are many gradations of
+mental progress before complete self-control is reached. Complete
+self-mastery in matrimonial conflicts is a long and difficult
+acquisition. Probably it is fully acquired in the fewest possible cases.
+The one who acquires self-control, who gives in during the adaptative
+period of which we have written, is not the weaker. The young wife
+should always keep in mind that the underlying principle to be
+vigorously adhered to in the home, is justice. There will arise many
+occasions that will severely test your disposition and your patience,
+but, if you have yourself well in hand, if you understand yourself, you
+will emerge from the conflict successfully and as a consequence a little
+stronger. When we acquire the determination to efface self in these
+domestic squabbles we begin the building of a character.</p>
+
+<p><b>What is a Thought?</b>&mdash;The greatest product of creative inspiration is the
+human brain. The very fact that each human being possesses one of these
+marvelous products implies responsibility, the responsibility of what we
+will do with it. A thought is a creation of brain or mind activity. It
+may be a bad or evil thought or it may be a good thought. Let us now go
+back to the young wife just as she is about to begin the hour or so of
+recreation in the afternoon. Her work being done for the time, let us
+suppose she elects to do a little fancy needle work. She finds a
+comfortable seat and is soon apparently engrossed in her work. Is she?
+Doubtless she is, and a very commendable, harmless, inviting picture she
+presents, but a thousand thoughts are passing through her mind. It is
+not the sewing that she does, that will be weighed in the balance, it is
+not the patient stitch, stitch, stitch, that she takes, that will mark
+the hour well spent. It is the one thought that will predominate over
+all the others, that will tell the ultimate tale, because of its effect
+on her own mind. A thought once created, even if it is never expressed,
+is as much a created entity as a deed executed.</p>
+
+<p>Suppose this young wife attended a social gathering in some friend's
+house the evening before, and for some trifling reason she formed an
+unfavorable impression of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[Pg 360]</a></span> another lady guest; during the hour of her
+sewing, which we are discussing, she goes over in her mind all the
+incidents of the gathering, and because of the previous impression, she
+still thinks unkindly of the lady in question. She passes judgment upon
+her in her own mind. What has she really done? She has created a thought
+an opinion, which now becomes a part of her mind, because it is recorded
+in her brain cells forever, and, inasmuch as she was not justified in
+passing judgment upon a person's character in this hasty way, she harmed
+herself by establishing a bad habit,&mdash;a habit of hasty judgment,&mdash;which
+will have an effect on her method of judgment as long as she lives. The
+evil effect may not end here,&mdash;it seldom does. A chance remark,&mdash;still
+the product of the hasty opinion,&mdash;made to some other woman regarding
+this lady, will give this other woman an unfavorable impression of the
+person, and if you could trace all the little gradations of the first
+unjust opinion, through all the stages of a gossiping community, you
+would be astonished at the growth, and the evil accomplished by the
+thought, born amidst the apparently innocent and commendable
+surroundings of an hour's sewing. If you educate your mind to create bad
+thoughts you will become a victim of the habit. Each bad thought makes
+the creation of another bad thought more easy, because a bad habit is,
+as we all know, a difficult thing to live down. Therefore a bad thought
+unexpressed does harm only to the individual who creates the thought. If
+the bad thought is expressed to another party, it is impossible to tell
+or estimate the harm it may do. Life is what we make it. If we get into
+the habit of thinking unjust, unkind, selfish, bad thoughts, we live in
+that atmosphere. Your whole life will be a reflection of your mental
+attitude. If you feed your mind on such food how can you hope to grow
+into a contented, happy woman? Let us not dwell upon the dark side.
+There is another picture, one more inviting, more difficult to realize,
+it is true, but more perfect as a consequence.</p>
+
+<p><b>Training the Mind.</b>&mdash;There never was a time in the history of the world
+when so many people were striving after definite knowledge,&mdash;some scheme
+of mentality,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[Pg 361]</a></span> some mental atmosphere,&mdash;some spiritual or idealistic
+phenomena,&mdash;which would satisfy the craving, the hunger of the restless
+and dissatisfied human mind for absolute enlightenment regarding the
+mysteries of life. It is a curious fact that to attain such knowledge,
+all these various bodies, no matter how they may differ as to the method
+of procedure, concede that the education of the human mind and the
+recognition of its exact capabilities is the ultimate province through
+which final enlightenment must come.</p>
+
+<p>We must, therefore, recognize that on whatever we do with our mind, in
+our own little way, will depend the measure of success and happiness to
+which we may aspire. Success is not attained without effort, but every
+little effort we expend will help wonderfully in the task. Train your
+mind to think just, kind, good thoughts. Do not dwell upon the bad side
+of any problem, search for the good side, because every problem has a
+good side. So also has every human soul. When the unkind, the unjust,
+the bad thought is conveyed to you by another, do not admit it, do not
+dwell upon it, render it negative at once by assuring yourself that
+there is another side to the question. We all know how easy it is to
+kick the under dog. We all have in mind some friend, some acquaintance,
+some old lady, perhaps, who is famous in her community for her kindly
+ways, and for her kindly thoughts. The two go together. It is well known
+among her friends that she will not tolerate any unkind, unjust, evil
+report, of even the humblest or lowest member of society to be expressed
+in her presence, without instantly defending the maligned victim, by
+picturing the possible other side. Her life has been an example, an
+inspiration in the community, because she has always exerted a kindly,
+sympathetic, helpful influence. It is this atmosphere, this environment,
+that checks gossip, stifles scandal, saves heartaches, and prevents
+domestic tragedies.</p>
+
+<p>The most interesting study you will ever engage in, if you are true to
+yourself, will be the working of your own mind.</p>
+
+<p>The resourcefulness of your brain will be a constant<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[Pg 362]</a></span> pleasure to you.
+You will be aided by books and you will find a lesson in every thing you
+see and hear. Life will appear different, and you will rise above the
+plane in which the little routine annoyances of daily life seem burdens
+and sorrows. A woman, if she goes about it "in the right way," can do
+with her lover-husband what she pleases. If she uses that power for
+selfish motives, or for a wrong purpose, in the end she will be the
+loser. If she is far seeing, and uses her power to build up a home, and
+is just, and respects her husband, and honestly gives him his true place
+in her scheme, and loves and honors him, and is tactful, there is no
+limit to what she may accomplish, so far as the personal happiness of
+herself and husband and children are concerned. We all know that law is
+not always justice. We likewise know that there is no such anomaly as a
+perfect human being. The ability to gain a point, without apparent
+coercion, or a sacrifice of truth or honor, depends upon the successful
+qualities that go toward the building up of a complete and harmonious
+personality. It is an axiom in psychology that to attain the highest
+success, one must first understand, and, understanding, conquer the bad,
+and develop the good features in one's own temperament, before
+attempting to rule the conduct of any other person. You must understand
+yourself before you attempt to understand your husband. Many of his best
+qualities,&mdash;qualities that if rightly understood, will go a long way
+toward making your life a happy one,&mdash;can be misunderstood,
+misinterpreted, and become incessant factors for doubt, jealousy and
+quarreling.</p>
+
+<p>Because your husband prefers to do a thing in a way that does not quite
+satisfy your taste, does not necessarily mean that he is wrong, and such
+a condition does not justify an argument. Consider the matter seriously,
+in silence argue it out with yourself and give his side the same justice
+you hope to get. If you can develop convincing proofs, that his way is
+not the best way, even though it isn't really wrong ethically, he will
+probably concede the point, provided,&mdash;and don't overlook this,&mdash;you "go
+about it in the right way, and in the right spirit." It isn't likely you
+will be given a patient hearing,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[Pg 363]</a></span> if in the past you have been in the
+habit of nagging and browbeating him. Don't look upon tactful ways of
+gaining your point as evidence of weakness. It is distinctly an evidence
+of strength of character, and, each time you win a point in a friendly
+debate with your husband, you will have gained much. He will respect you
+all the more because of your justice; and will secretly admire you
+because of your ability to protect yourself. You will gain confidence in
+your judgment, and you will see things in a broader, and from a less
+selfish standpoint.</p>
+
+<p><b>Your Husband's Friends Should be Your Friends.</b>&mdash;Be sure your husband's
+friends are your friends. Business or professional exigencies do not
+always permit a man to choose or select his acquaintances. You can be
+sure, however, he will not ask or expect you to associate with any
+doubtful person, though it may be necessary to extend a welcome to an
+undesirable business, or professional associate, for the time being.
+When these occasions occur, do not mar the opportunity to help by any
+exhibition of temper, or dissatisfaction. He may be trying to make the
+best of an unfortunate incident. Help him. Do not discourage him for at
+heart his object is to gain some business advantage that will redound to
+your advantage as well as his own.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing pleases a man more than to know that his wife is "a good
+fellow," that no matter what seems to be questionable on the surface, he
+can rely upon her to know that everything is right underneath,&mdash;that his
+motive is good.</p>
+
+<p>Do not invite him to tell a lie in order to avoid a scolding. Nothing is
+more unfortunate, nothing is more easy for an ordinarily good, but
+misunderstood man, than the tendency to fib about little things, if he
+feels in his heart that his wife will scold,&mdash;that she will fail to see
+the point. It wounds his self-respect to have to do so, yet he selects
+the minor evil as he sees it, he sacrifices his manhood in the interests
+of domestic peace.</p>
+
+<p><b>Two Kinds of People in the World.</b>&mdash;Roughly, there are two kinds of
+individuals in the world, the individual who will, and the individual
+who will not. There are<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[Pg 364]</a></span> individuals who will not see the truth, who
+fail to see the point in an argument, who are obtuse and obstinate. This
+trait is largely wilful perversity and ignorance. We cannot help noting
+them in the passing, but we scarcely hope to interest them, though we
+cannot restrain our sympathy.</p>
+
+<p>Young wives who come within this category will remain the laggards, the
+degenerates. Their evolution is revolution, they become the
+fault-finders, the discontents, the gossips. They do not love themselves
+nor are they loved by any human being. They are the domestic failures.
+As wives they dishonor the sex, as mothers they dishonor God.</p>
+
+<p>In reality, there is but one thing in the universe&mdash;mind. By "mind," we
+mean the ability to reason. Every human being comes into the world with
+this ability. Our health, happiness, efficiency, success, depends
+absolutely upon how we utilize this birthright. There is no limitation
+to this ability. Heredity and environment have little to do with it. It
+is a personal equation. "It depends upon how you do it," has been
+frequently reiterated in the preceding pages. This implies, to what use
+you put your mind, and this is the secret of the young wife's efficiency
+and success. True happiness is a mind product. It is a creation of mind
+activity. The evanescent pleasures are not character builders, but a
+created thought is a pregnant possibility. The young wife who begins her
+wedded life with ideals with the determination to succeed, with certain
+well thought out plans, will progress. Her world is her husband and her
+home. Her husband must succeed, her home must be comfortable and happy.
+She must contribute her full share in achieving these results. If she
+permits her personal amusement to be the dominant purpose she will fail.
+She cannot transgress the law and remain immune. How can she begin
+right? Give her best to her home. A woman who gives her most gracious
+smiles and her most captivating manners to society, is false to her
+husband and her home. The prettiest gown and the brightest jewels should
+grace her own dinner table. To bring them out only to attend a
+reception, or a tea party,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[Pg 365]</a></span> is a desecration. Many women expend their
+moral and spiritual strength upon the "club," and bring the withering
+remnants as a sacrifice to the blighted home fireside. We have no right
+to help build a church, or foster a philanthropy by depleting our
+strength and resources in the effort, only to give the frazzled ends of
+our talents to home and home-making. Nor has a woman any right to
+exhaust her strength in the toil of mere housekeeping, and reserve for
+the evening hour of conversation a bundle of quivering nerves and an
+exasperated temper. These women are not home-makers. Their ideal of
+wifehood and motherhood is fundamentally wrong. Every power of the body,
+and of the mind and spirit, should be devoted to the achievement of a
+home atmosphere. It is the creation of this quality that spells
+contentment, peace, happiness, and no other.</p>
+
+<p>A young wife with an ideal, with a definite plan, and with a true
+appreciation of her dignity and importance, will never find time to
+daily gossip over the back fence with her neighbor, nor will she join
+the sewing circle whose function is well known to be scandal bartering.
+"Give your best to your home,"&mdash;one of the great advantages of having a
+specific plan is that it wholly engages our mind. If we have an object
+in view, if we want something, it implies interest, and if we are
+interested deeply in something we think about it. Every spare moment
+will be used by the mind in devising ways and means to achieve our
+purpose. We will not find time to seek the questionable amusement of
+gossip. The women who are eternally poking their noses into other
+people's business, who burden their minds with other people's affairs,
+who are busybodies, always neglect their homes and their children. They
+have no ideals, they are the derelicts of the community. Remember that
+"Satan finds some mischief still for idle minds to do."</p>
+
+<p><b>The Most Popular Woman.</b>&mdash;The most popular woman is the one whom a
+majority of all women would vote for in a popularity contest. Many women
+are so notoriously vixenish and jealous of members of their own sex,
+that, it would seem to be worth while to analyze the qualifications of
+the most popular woman, in an effort<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[Pg 366]</a></span> to discover the one quality which
+appeals to her own sex. After exhausting the list, we find the most
+popular woman possesses, in a high degree, the quality of tactful, or
+diplomatic flattery. The art of flattery is an acquired habit. Statesmen
+and politicians know its value. Even the little seekers after public
+office cultivate it assiduously. It is undoubtedly an asset of much
+value in every sphere of life, but it must not be overdone. Every member
+of the human-family will tolerate a large amount of it without showing
+resentment. This is the reason why it is a valuable asset and of such
+general usefulness. Sometimes a woman will boast that she detests
+flattery, yet she is highly pleased when you tell her that the one
+quality you admire in her is that she cannot be flattered. If,
+therefore, the young wife desires to become popular, for her own sake,
+or if she regards this as one way to contribute to her husband's
+efficiency, should his success depend upon public approval,&mdash;she may
+cultivate the art of diplomatic flattery. The cultivation of any art is
+not a one-sided accomplishment. It is beneficial in many ways, and aids
+distinctly in character building. No one, for example, can acquire the
+art of tactful flattery and retain a sour or mean disposition. To
+flatter efficiently you must seem delighted, and the delight must
+express itself in smiles and kindly words. These habits will impress
+themselves upon your inner consciousness, and before you know it, the
+habit will be a constituent part of your temperamental armamentarium.</p>
+
+<p>The most popular woman will acquire the habit of making some flattering
+observation every time anyone's name is mentioned, and she will never be
+guilty of criticising a living person or a dead one. She will make it
+her rule in life, in order to sustain her reputation, never to make an
+enemy. She will cultivate the insinuating art of shaking hands, of
+smiling sweetly, and of making apropos remarks. No one will ever leave
+her without feeling that she is an exceedingly gracious person. She will
+even convey to them, in her inimitable way, the impression that she
+thinks they are "just right." She will use "blarney" as a science in an
+artful way.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[Pg 367]</a></span> The flattering remarks she will make regarding others will
+be passed along by those to whom she makes them, and she will be
+responsible for an epidemic of egoism all over town. It is a wonderful
+art.</p>
+
+<p>If the young wife keeps this up for some time she will begin to notice
+certain things. She will be accorded much flattering attention herself
+and she will be treated with marked consideration wherever she goes. She
+will be received cordially, and every aspiring other woman will make
+strenuous efforts to include her among her friends. She will be invited
+to participate in public functions when members of her sex take part,
+and she will be favored and her interests furthered in all social
+organizations.</p>
+
+<p>She will, without doubt, wear her laurels becomingly, and her success
+will be easily acquired. Her spirits, and her health will promptly
+respond to the elixir of her interesting labors. Life will be full of
+new and surprising interests and it will be well worth the effort
+expended. Sleep will be more refreshing, she will not be troubled with
+nerves, and her appetite will be a source of profound thankfulness to
+her. She will radiate a quality of good-fellowship that will be
+infectious, and her whole philosophy of existence will be charity
+itself. Surely it is worth while.</p>
+
+<p><b>Choosing Your Friends.</b>&mdash;The young wife should choose her friends with
+caution. Remember you are beginning a new life in which even trivial
+matters may exercise an influence that will be bad. One should
+appreciate the difference between true friendship and indulging in
+friendly relationship with promiscuous acquaintances. A physician has a
+better opportunity of observing the conduct of the feminine element of a
+community than any other person. We have come to divide young wives into
+two types: those who attend strictly to their own affairs, and those who
+mostly attend to their neighbors' affairs. It is not too much to say
+that a young wife's time will be wholly occupied if she has begun her
+housekeeping career with the intention of becoming a home-maker. She
+cannot, therefore, afford to waste her time with promiscuous
+acquaintances.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[Pg 368]</a></span> Women who become promiscuous in their friendships have
+time to waste for a number of reasons,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>1st. Their husband and home is not their whole existence. If success and
+happiness depend upon how the first year of wedded life is employed,
+then husband and home should be the young wife's whole existence.</p>
+
+<p>2nd. Women with time to waste have no ideals. Women without ideals are
+not home-makers. A home-maker cannot acquire any information from a
+woman who wastes her time in idleness.</p>
+
+<p>3rd. Idleness creates mischief. One who is idle is a mischief maker. An
+idle brain is looking for amusement, and as the impulses of an idle
+brain are evil, these women are gossips, and scandal-mongers, and
+home-breakers.</p>
+
+<p>4th. True friendship demands nothing. Promiscuous friendship on the
+other hand does demand something, and as these women live in the evil
+atmosphere, they live mentally on scandal and gossip. This is their
+mental plane and they give and take nothing higher than that which they
+understand.</p>
+
+<p>The young wife will, therefore, be wary of this form of friendship.
+Infinite harm is being done in every community in the country in this
+way. No home, no person is too sacred for the vituperative tongues of
+these scandal-mongers. They are densely ignorant though they may be
+fluent talkers. They ingratiate themselves into the confidence of a
+willing victim, learn the victim's secrets, and rend her to pieces on
+the next street corner. Many a man has begun wedded life with the
+laudable intention of helping to mold his young wife's mentality, of
+preserving her innocence and purity of thought, only to be undone by the
+evil machinations of these human derelicts. He will be amazed and
+astonished at the opinions she gives utterance to, and if he does not
+find out where she is getting them, and check the desecration going on,
+she will be beyond his reach in the very near future. No self-respecting
+woman will tolerate such acquaintances. There are, however, many
+innocent, pure women, who are innately too gentle to assert themselves
+by insulting another woman at this stage of their experience,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[Pg 369]</a></span> who have
+the makings of a good wife and mother, who wittingly become victims by
+reason of their very gentleness, and consequently lose their ideals, and
+drift into failures.</p>
+
+<p>True friendship is necessary. Many men and women rightly attribute their
+whole success and happiness to having had the right kind of a friend or
+friends. Charles Kingsley when asked by Mrs. Browning to tell her the
+secret of his life, said, "I had a friend," A friendship that is not an
+inspiration, an incentive to higher thoughts and nobler deeds, is not
+true. "True friendship demands nothing." It gives. We should cultivate
+the friendship of those who know more than we do, so that we may learn
+and profit by the relationship. Some people radiate sympathy and
+helpfulness and inspiration. Instinctively we can tell those people when
+we come into their presence. We leave them, not once, but always, with
+the feeling that there is something about them that energizes and
+inspires. They draw out our better selves. We are conscious of our
+shortcomings and faults, and in their company we strive to give
+utterance to worthy thoughts. We feel capable of great deeds. If we
+could surround ourselves with these friends, we feel that life would
+mean more, and that we could accomplish much. "He that walketh with wise
+men shall be wise." This is where true friendship is valuable. These
+moments of inspiration help us to pull ourselves together. We climb a
+little higher; we see further and clearer; we learn the meaning of
+life's duty; they change the whole complexion of living. The little
+things, the annoyances, the disappointments, the failures, the pains,
+the sorrows, the passions, we see in their true perspective and they no
+longer usurp importance, because we are beginning to learn the
+significance of the things beyond. The incidents of life are no longer
+life itself.</p>
+
+<p>One friend, one true friend to the young wife, will indeed be a tower of
+strength to her. Every young wife needs a friend. The desire for
+sympathy dwells in every human heart. Even the assiduous person needs
+encouragement and a little praise. It is wonderful how a mite of
+laudation will prod us to be more worthy. Even<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[Pg 370]</a></span> our joys never
+intoxicate save in the telling. By sharing our happiness and joys with
+another we double them. True friendship means confidence, affection,
+harmony, love. To be in harmony with one person means that we invite the
+harmony of all mankind.</p>
+
+<p>If man is made in the image of God every human being must be more or
+less divine. Confidence, affection, harmony, love,&mdash;the attributes of
+true friendship,&mdash;are the divine sparks in our humanity. True
+friendship, therefore, is growth in the divine sense. There are real
+things in life which we seldom acknowledge but which are, nevertheless,
+real. We do not often admit the existence of the divine in ourselves,
+but it is there. If we did acknowledge it oftener we would live nearer
+the truth, nearer God.</p>
+
+<p>When we read in the public press the story of the <i>Titanic</i> disaster,
+how after all the boats had gone, and the ill-fated ship poised, before
+she took her awful plunge, how the doomed souls stood on her decks and
+lifted their trembling voices in unison with the brave orchestra to the
+strain of "Nearer My God to Thee,"&mdash;something clutches at our
+heartstrings, and we find the divine reality trying to come to the
+surface to express itself in that universal friendship out of which
+heroes are made. When we stand by the bedside, watching the fitful,
+final breaths of a well-loved child, or of an old, honored and faithful
+mother, there creeps into our consciousness feelings with which we are
+strangers, but they are ours, part of the divinity in us which in the
+work-a-day-world we stifle and crush. Friendship and no other human
+quality brings this divine element into our actual life. Those who have
+never had a friend have never solved the riddle of human nature.</p>
+
+<p>We must remember, however, that there are those whose lives are denials
+of this divinity. They are incapable of true friendship, and they, in
+prosperous days, deride the sentiment involved and consider any
+reference to such matters as silly and mawkish. These blustering heroes,
+however, are the ones who shriek the loudest when fate places them on
+sinking decks.</p>
+
+<p>Strive to be worthy of a true friendship. Be willing to give of the best
+that is in you. We need the inspiration of the divine that is hidden in
+us, we should not crush or fail to acknowledge the presence of the
+still, small voice that speaks of love and for love. Remember, that, "By
+your friends shall ye be known."</p>
+
+
+<h4>EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS</h4>
+
+<h4>Used in the Following Three Illustrations</h4>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;">
+<img src="images/image50.jpg" width="500" height="354" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="">
+<tr><td align='left'>A</td><td colspan="5">Alcoholic&mdash;meaning decidedly intemperate, a drunkard.</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>B</td><td align='left'>Blind</td><td align='left'>I</td><td align='left'>Insane</td><td align='left'>Sy</td><td align='left'>Syphilitic</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>C</td><td align='left'>Criminalistic</td><td align='left'>M</td><td align='left'>Migrainous</td><td align='left'>Sx</td><td align='left'>Sexually immoral</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>D</td><td align='left'>Deaf</td><td align='left'>Neu.</td><td align='left'>Neurotic</td><td align='left'>T</td><td align='left'>Tuberculosis</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>E</td><td align='left'>Epileptic</td><td align='left'>Par.</td><td align='left'>Paralytic</td><td align='left'>W</td><td align='left'>Wanderer, tramp</td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>G</td><td align='left'>Goitre</td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+<h4>HEREDITARY FEEBLE-MINDEDNESS<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a></h4>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;">
+<img src="images/image51-1.jpg" width="650" height="318" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>The above chart illustrates the first great law of hereditary
+feeble-mindedness; that if both parents are blighted all offsprings will
+be blighted. The family represented is plainly very low grade. It is one
+of that kind found in every community, growing like rank weeds to menace
+society. It is small wonder that with production like this permitted
+criminality springs full-fledged into the world.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;">
+<img src="images/image51-2.jpg" width="650" height="317" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>This chart is particularly interesting, showing as it does the marriage
+of a normal man with, first a normal woman, and subsequently with
+feeble-minded women. The taint of the feeble mind is inevitable. Whereas
+the grandchildren by his second marriage appear normal there is always
+the danger of their progeny being blighted by the taint that is in their
+blood. The horror of the third marriage is too evident.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> "Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences," Goddard,
+The Macmillan Company.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[Pg 371]</a></span></p>
+<p><b>Making Resolves.</b>&mdash;In a preceding chapter I remarked, that every human
+thought, deed, act, prayer, etc., must conform to certain laws, if by
+their use we desired to achieve results. We know this is true, but we do
+not always obey the rule, and in the end we wonder why we are failures.</p>
+
+<p>Psychology has formulated laws, based upon actual experiment, regulating
+every department of mental endeavor, or every branch of systematized
+mental achievement. These laws show that there are fixed rules, by which
+mental effort is regulated, systematized and classified, and that the
+human mind conforms to these laws even when working in ignorance of
+them. No matter how we may deduce facts, or reason from analogy, we obey
+fundamental principles.</p>
+
+<p>In a recent magazine article I read the following:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"This is my own story of why and how I rose, fell and rose
+again. It would not be told but for the fact that I have
+learned by an Experience mixed with some bitterness, that all
+such things are governed by fixed business laws and rules and
+move always in obedience to them. There is as I know, a law of
+failure and a law of success. There is even a law of
+mediocrity. Every man is controlled by that one of these three
+laws which he elects to invoke and to follow."</p>
+
+<p>"The laws themselves are fixed and unchanging; man is the only
+variable unit in the equation. He succeeds, he fails or he
+slumps into mediocrity according to the law with which he
+voluntarily or by predisposition puts himself in harmony. This
+is my belief, based on my own adventures with these laws and my
+observation of other men who have dined and lived with them on
+intimate, though not always friendly, terms."</p></div>
+
+<p>This was written by a successful business man in an article reviewing
+the "ups and downs" of his business experiences. It does one good to
+read such confessions. To the thinking individual it suggests the need
+of serious, whole-souled, conscientious effort. If these laws exist,&mdash;as
+they most certainly do,&mdash;what is the use of trying to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[Pg 372]</a></span> achieve results
+in a wrong way? Why not conform to these laws and concentrate our effort
+in the right direction? A prodigious amount of energy is wasted in
+efforts to beat the game. One may scheme and contrive until all ambition
+withers and hope fades, but no one will ever find a satisfactory
+substitute for hard work. Many lives have been frittered away in the
+foolish attempt to find the "easy road." It is doing the little things
+of life conscientiously that counts. The humble hen does one thing well.
+She lays eggs to the extent of three hundred million dollars per year,
+in this country alone. If we combine her egg yield with her chicken
+industry we find her harvest yields the enormous sum of six hundred and
+twenty million dollars per year.</p>
+
+<p>We are precisely what we deserve to be: we fit for what we are fitted
+for. Weaklings are sent to the rear, fighters are always in front.</p>
+
+<p>The young wife may resolve to win; it depends upon how she begins to
+mold herself for larger possibilities. If she cannot succeed in small
+things she will not fit when the task is bigger. Suppose you resolve to
+be considerate and agreeable to every soul you meet for one month. For
+one month you will subject yourself to a rigid test, you will be
+considerate and agreeable, no matter what the conditions are or the
+provocation may be to break your word.</p>
+
+<p>It is a fact that most failures are directly attributable to laziness
+rather than to lack of ability or poor health, or any other cause. It is
+the most difficult thing in the world for some people to exert
+themselves to "make the effort" to succeed. They just do enough to "hold
+their job" or to earn a living, though the possibilities around them are
+rich in promise. Many know what they ought to do, but they don't seem to
+be able to do it. Their ambition is lacking; they elect to travel the
+road to failure.</p>
+
+<p>If the young wife resolves to be considerate and agreeable for one
+month, she is the right kind of young wife. The right impulse is working
+within her. The very fact that she makes the resolve proves this. Most
+people are influenced by two motives, necessity and pleasure. They<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[Pg 373]</a></span> work
+because they have to work to exist. But a great deal of the work is
+indifferently done. The woman who skims over her household duties in a
+disinterested and frequently slovenly way, will spend much thought and a
+great amount of time to excel in appearance and in attaining results at
+a church fair, for example; or she will work assiduously sewing every
+afternoon and evening on dresses, etc., to shine during a two weeks'
+vacation at the sea shore, while her husband is being indifferently fed
+and her home all but neglected. To attain pleasure one will actually
+work efficiently though the method and the motive may be ethically
+wrong. So, when a young wife actually resolves to do something which has
+a high moral significance and which she is not compelled to do she is
+being actuated by the right kind of principle, she is following the law
+or instinct of success.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Formula of Success.</b>&mdash;Successful men and women are frequently asked
+to give their formula of success. There is no formula of success except
+hard work. Every successful man or woman is a hard worker. There is no
+exception to this rule. We often personally know of men or women who
+"rise in the world" and sometimes we look upon them as lucky dogs, and
+wonder why fortune does not favor us. If we analyze the daily life of
+these seemingly lucky individuals we will find that they plan and work
+and scheme while you and I play and amuse ourselves. They have a certain
+system which they adhere to under all circumstances. They have worked
+hard so long that it has become a habit,&mdash;a habit that brings happiness
+and success. All of them have had their ups and downs, their worries and
+battles, but they have faced them in the front ranks, they have never
+become discouraged, they have been inspired and impelled by the
+conviction that some day the tide of battle would change. On that day
+they were determined to be ready and willing to take advantage of the
+turn of the wheel of fortune.</p>
+
+<p>Study the work of the next successful man or woman you meet, and see if
+the rule does not hold true. It isn't the kind of energy that is
+generated that makes the distinction between success and failure: it is
+the way in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[Pg 374]</a></span> which the energy is used. To win means concentration of
+energy; let the energy be dissipated over many things and failure
+becomes a certainty. There isn't a really successful man or woman in
+existence who does not deserve success, and who has not worked hard for
+it.</p>
+
+<p>Success, fame, and the efforts of friends may not give us the happiness
+which we yearn for, but there is one thing that will always steer us
+safely into port&mdash;one thing that will bring us the blessing of happiness
+though all things else fail us&mdash;and that is hard work.</p>
+
+<p><b>When Fortune Knocks.</b>&mdash;Fortune is said to knock at the door of every man
+once in a lifetime. That once is all the time, for the truth is that
+fortune is knocking at our doors every day. The trouble is that we are
+not prepared to take advantage of her importuning habits. Fortune has
+her laws, and we cannot enter her chariot except by obeying these laws.
+The young wife who resolves to be considerate and agreeable for one
+month is obeying one of her laws, because, if she keeps her promise, she
+will have learnt more than she ever did in any preceding month of her
+experience. She will find, for example, that people are really more
+amiable and agreeable than she ever thought they were; that, because of
+the restraint she is exerting on her temper and self-control, she is
+growing stronger temperamentally. She has more patience, and she is more
+thorough in little things; her environment is enlarging and life is more
+interesting. The month's experience will teach her something of her own
+capabilities and resources, and she will be so interested and encouraged
+that she will determine to experiment more and in other directions. She
+is experiencing the psychology of character building&mdash;the most
+fascinating study of that most fascinating riddle, human nature. Fortune
+always favors the brave&mdash;it will favor her because she is working in the
+right direction&mdash;she is obeying the law of success.</p>
+
+<p>To resolve is to obey&mdash;to know what you want, to desire to succeed, to
+be willing to sacrifice self, to attain results, to smile at adversity,
+to be patient, truthful, honest, unselfish, sympathetic, in short to
+work hard every minute and all the time.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[Pg 375]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXVI</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"Habit is a cable: we weave a thread of it each day, and it
+becomes so strong we cannot break it."</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 30em;"><span class="smcap">Horace Mann.</span></span><br />
+</p>
+
+<h3>SPARE MOMENTS</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Study Habit&mdash;The Germ of Self-culture&mdash;Millions of Tiny
+Cells in Our Brain&mdash;The Economic Value of the Study Habit&mdash;Two
+Ways of Gaining Knowledge&mdash;Happiness in the Company of Those
+Striving for Higher Ideals&mdash;A Young Wife's Incentive to
+Self-culture&mdash;The Difference Between Moral and Mental
+Disloyalty&mdash;The Study Habit Creates Its Own
+Interest&mdash;Nosophobia, or the Dread of Disease&mdash;Keep Still and
+Be Well.</p></div>
+
+
+<p><b>The Study Habit.</b>&mdash;Every individual differs from every other individual
+according to his habits. The nature of our habits fixes our status in
+the struggle of life. If we get into the habit of thinking evil
+thoughts, we live in that atmosphere. Health is a habit, so also is
+success. Honesty, virtue, vice, procrastination, contentment,
+fault-finding, grumbling, candy eating, gossiping, drinking, sleeping,
+religion, friends, life itself, are habits. Life is what we make it. "As
+the man thinketh in his heart, so he is." Some habits are good, others
+are bad. Certain habits are constructive, others are destructive. If we
+get into the habit of doing our work thoroughly and regularly, according
+to some definite system, we encourage the habits of contentment,
+calmness, efficiency, and happiness. If we do our work spasmodically,
+irregularly, without system, if we gossip between times, we are
+eternally trying to catch up, so we encourage the habits of
+procrastination, discontent, inefficiency, fault-finding, and failure.
+We must be master or victim of our habits. We must succeed, or we must
+fail. The immutable law of life permits of no standing still. We are
+either progressing or we are retrogressing. One of the best habits, if
+not the very best, that the young wife<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[Pg 376]</a></span> can cultivate in her new home is
+the study habit. It is eminently a constructive habit.</p>
+
+<p>The germ of self-culture is latent in every healthy mind. It is an
+exceedingly virile microbe. It may begin as a fad but intrinsically it
+grows as a virtue. Environment may give it birth but its roots may not
+be circumscribed. They seek nourishment from every far and near spring
+and well, and its branches spread out to the north and south, and east
+and west, and its leaves suck into its heart, health and strength and
+color and fragrance, from the everlasting sun.</p>
+
+<p>In our brain are millions of tiny cells. Each cell is capable of a
+single thought. When we begin as children, we learn letters first, then
+words, then sentences or thoughts. In due time we have a sufficient
+number of cells, each with its photographed letter or word or thought.
+From this stock we reason and think and plan. These are the letters and
+words and thoughts of ordinary life. We have millions of cells left, and
+the brain is a tireless, ceaseless worker. If we keep on feeding it more
+letters, more words, more thoughts, it is satisfied, but if we stop, if
+we stagnate, it keeps on working, but it can only use the words and
+thoughts we have given it. Ceaselessly it rearranges these words in its
+effort to live. We are feeding it nothing, its circulation becomes poor,
+its vitality weak. Some day it arranges its limited number of words into
+a new thought, a bad thought, our idle mind grasps the significance of
+the new thought, and we give birth to a new piece of scandal, or we
+commit a crime. The brain is pleased, because the execution of the new
+bad impulse brought more blood, more vitality to it, and it gets the
+habit of thinking bad thoughts and conveying evil impulses. They were
+the product of idleness of mind. And as a matter of statistical fact,
+all tragedies, crimes, vices, scandal, gossip and misery are direct
+products of mental inertness or idleness.</p>
+
+<p>The minds of the grumbler, the gossip, the thief, the criminal, are
+poor, empty, starved, wayward minds, and their brains are small, poorly
+nourished, sickly brains. The young wife with a moment of leisure who
+has a starved, empty mind, is a victim of her passions, her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[Pg 377]</a></span>
+surroundings and her ungoverned impulses. The young wife whose brain is
+being fed by the study habit, is self-contained, is master of her
+impulses and her passions. The mental latitude of one is limited to
+caprice, envy, discontent, hate and jealousy; the other is
+light-hearted, charitable, just, contented, and happy.</p>
+
+<p>Shut the two in a dungeon and the owner of the starved, empty brain will
+go mad. The other will find hope in her heart, and in her brain, the
+children of her thoughts will troop in, bringing solace and cheer and
+courage.</p>
+
+<p>From a practical standpoint the study habit has an economic value. It
+preserves health and peace of mind, it enhances efficiency, it broadens
+our sympathies and charities, and it unifies the home circle. It is an
+easy habit to acquire, and it sustains its interest: it is inexpensive.
+The Carnegie libraries, correspondence schools, the university extension
+plan of lectures, etc., contribute in a large measure to its easy
+acquirement, and to the success with which it may be pursued.</p>
+
+<p><b>Two Ways of Gaining Knowledge.</b>&mdash;We gain knowledge in two ways. First, by
+experience, which means mingling with people, exchanging ideas,
+discussing topics, listening to lectures, sermons, talks, etc. Second,
+by reading and studying. We must read and study in order to really
+understand and assimilate what we learn from experience, and what we
+hear discussed in lectures, sermons and talks. As soon as we become
+interested in a study we begin to rise above what we may call the
+everyday plane. We desire to know more, and when we know a good deal
+about one subject, we want to know something about kindred subjects, so
+we extend the latitude of our knowledge. It is marvelous how the habit
+grows. It is not work, it is pleasure. We long for spare moments to
+renew the study, and as we experience the pleasure the growth of our
+mind affords, we improve in all directions. Every cell in the brain
+sends out vibrant impulses, new life, new hope. Health means more, life
+has a meaning. We find happiness in the company of those who are
+striving for higher ideals. We perform even our menial tasks with more
+care and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[Pg 378]</a></span> with more interest, because we grasp their true meaning, and
+we know that we cannot aspire to higher ideals if we are dishonest in
+little things. So the study habit makes better men and better women of
+us, and it adds to the pleasure of life all the real pleasure there is
+in living. The power to analyze, to conceive, and to create are the
+highest pleasures mankind possesses, and they can only be attained in
+any degree by education and cultivation.</p>
+
+<p>It is not easy to explain to the average superficially educated person
+the satisfaction to be derived from original or creative thinking. One
+must progress far enough in mental self-culture before it becomes a
+pleasure, almost an intoxication. Up to a certain point the acquirement
+of knowledge is a task, an effort, a seeming self-sacrifice; beyond that
+point it is a labor of love, a pleasure, a consecration. The crude,
+discordant efforts of a child, when it first begins to acquire a musical
+education, very convincingly illustrates the condition of mind of the
+beginner in self-culture. The task is a toil and the results do not
+stimulate further spontaneous effort. The same child, however, may
+successfully pass through the various gradations of a musical career and
+arrive at a time when effort will submerge itself; when the result of
+the knowledge acquired will be so gratifying that it will no longer be a
+toil; when the study will be pursued because of the actual pleasure it
+affords.</p>
+
+<p>The only worthwhile thing in life is mind. If one does not develop the
+mind, it is possible to live an entire lifetime and not really live at
+all. To exist is not to live. All the amenities of life contribute to
+existence, not to life itself. To live is to create, to give, to endow.</p>
+
+<p>If a book contains one original thought, it will live. Few books contain
+more than one thought, one inspiration. If it, however, suffuses that
+one thought into the hearts of men its existence will have been
+justified. We have no criterion or standard by which to judge the
+ethical value of a thought. If a thought conveys an inspiration to
+another and is productive of moral growth it has life and value because
+it creates.</p>
+
+<p>To exist is to blindly follow the primal instincts. To<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[Pg 379]</a></span> live is to
+think, to reason, to grow mentally. Consequently we must have ideals, we
+must cling tenaciously to these ideals, and, "We must know what we
+want."</p>
+
+<p><b>The Young Wife's Incentive to Self-Culture.</b>&mdash;A young wife has a real
+incentive to self-culture if she hopes to maintain her position in the
+home and in the affection of her husband. A man has always the advantage
+of being actively engaged in one of the two ways of acquiring knowledge.
+He mingles with people. He gains considerable knowledge and frequently
+cultivation unwittingly. He grows with his business, and as it increases
+he becomes more important in the community. He mingles with keener,
+wide-awake business men, his wits are sharpened, his brain must be alert
+and virile. A healthy active brain grows, it is responsive, it absorbs
+knowledge. As he climbs higher, he wears off the crude corners and
+assumes a worldly cultivation, which men of sound business sense can
+adapt to suit any social exigency. The wife does not have these
+advantages, and, unless she appreciates this point, she is very apt to
+remain where she was when she married, so far as mental culture is
+concerned. Now to be wife in a true sense, she must be companion. She
+must keep pace with his prosperity on the one hand and with his
+intelligence on the other. The more culture and knowledge a man attains
+the more critical he becomes, the more cultivated his tastes, the more
+cultivation he demands. Qualities that did not always grate upon his
+sensibilities become acutely objectionable in his higher mental state. A
+man may be loyal at heart, but he resents the inaptitude of a wife who
+fails to keep the mental pace. He is willing to give his wife the
+benefits of his material prosperity, but he cannot give her the finer
+evidences of his higher mentality, because, while she may have proved
+true as a wife, she failed as a companion. She fell behind in culture.
+He cannot give that which she cannot receive. The young wife should
+appreciate the difference between moral disloyalty on the part of her
+husband, and mental disloyalty. He is the transgressor in the first, and
+she is the culprit in the second delinquency. We must meet a situation
+as it exists. Moralizing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[Pg 380]</a></span> does not change the conditions. A man and
+woman may be temperamentally suited to each other to-day, and in a few
+years may be wholly dissimilar in tastes. If being a wife simply implied
+more loyalty and domestic efficiency there could be no just cause for
+complaint if she failed in every other respect, but it does not. To be a
+wife more than in name, one must be friend, companion, confidant. No
+one, much less a husband, selects as a friend, companion, and confidant,
+an individual whose tastes are not in sympathy with his own, who does
+not understand the viewpoint, one in whom he cannot confide, or one
+whose intelligence is crude. A man can obtain a housekeeper anywhere,
+but he cannot buy a home-maker, a companion, a friend, or a confidant.</p>
+
+<p>The study habit will create the interest. If you once get it, only death
+can take it from you. If you become interested, no man can grow away
+from you, and no man can take from you the worlds it will open up. You
+must, however, begin the study habit with the determination to acquire
+knowledge. You must want intensely to succeed, and you must be willing
+to sacrifice self, and to work diligently. "If you quit, it simply shows
+you did not want an education, you only thought you did,&mdash;you are not
+willing to pay the price."</p>
+
+<p><b>Nosophobia, or the Dread of Disease.</b>&mdash;There is one disease I would warn
+the young wife not to acquire. It is called nosophobia. It is without
+doubt the most serious sickness with which any member of the human
+family may be afflicted.</p>
+
+<p>In another part of this book I have written the story of the aged
+philosopher, who, on being asked to name the worst troubles he had in
+life, answered, "I am quite sure my greatest worries, and my worst
+troubles were those that never happened." This reply is well worth
+thinking about; it contains matter for serious reflection, and what
+makes it so suggestive and valuable is that it can be proved true by the
+experience of our own lives.</p>
+
+<p>Nosophobia means dread of disease. It may astonish many to know that
+such a condition is regarded as a disease, and that it has been given a
+name. Instead, however,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[Pg 381]</a></span> of it being a rare disease, or an unusual
+condition, we find it is one of the commonest diseases, and one of the
+most easily acquired conditions. In fact, it is so easily acquired
+nowadays that we have to be constantly on guard against it. Though we
+may not be its victim, we have all felt its influence at some time, and
+even one experience of it is sufficient to satisfy the most exacting. It
+is an absolute medical fact, that the dread of disease will render one
+more profoundly miserable and unhappy, and will cause more mental and
+physical incompetents than will any severe, prolonged, actual sickness.
+People who are victims of nosophobia are probably the most miserable and
+wretched individuals on earth. This is essentially so because of the
+peculiar characteristics of the disease. It is an insinuating and
+insidious ailment and its progress is cumulative. When we begin to worry
+about our health the germ of nosophobia takes up its habitation in our
+midst and we never know another happy moment.</p>
+
+<p>The dread of disease is probably more common now than it used to be,
+partly because people know more about it, and, therefore, have more
+material out of which to manufacture dreads, and partly because a large
+number of people have the leisure to worry about various symptoms and
+sensations that come to them, and the significance of which they
+exaggerate by dwelling on them until they become positive torments. It
+is particularly those who have not much to do, and, above all, those who
+have absolutely nothing to do who suffer most from the affection.
+Children never suffer from this malady because pains and aches have no
+significance to them. The probability of death through sickness never
+bothers them. Their minds are always occupied. They are always busy,
+they think only of life and of living. As we grow older, however, we
+become introspective and we permit conditions to favor the development
+of a wrong mental attitude. We accentuate the seriousness of each
+trifling pain and illness, and the specter of death looms up in the path
+of each ailment. Soon we spend needless time in worry and we imagine we
+are not as healthy as we ought to be and that we may probably die in the
+near future. This affects our temperament and our efficiency. Life is
+no<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[Pg 382]</a></span> longer tolerable or attractive, and we shortly are numbered with the
+failures and the incompetents.</p>
+
+<p>One of the unfortunate consequences of nosophobia is that a victim of it
+not only renders her own life miserable, but she unfortunately affects
+the happiness of every member of the household. She is as a rule gloomy
+and morose, and this constant depressive environment is not conducive to
+the success of any effort toward creating moments of amusement and
+happiness. Her presence acts as a deterrent and repeated failures to
+overcome this domestic cloud finally result in a complete cessation of
+all effort. Things fall into a rut and each member of the family seek
+their various forms of diversion outside the home circle.</p>
+
+<p>These individuals are sometimes spoken of as "trouble seekers." In a
+sense, the term is appropriate, because the troubles which wreck their
+peace of mind never occur. In the beginning there is usually some slight
+physical ailment. As a rule, it is some form of nervous indigestion.
+Under appropriate and adequate treatment such forms of indigestion are
+readily curable in ordinary individuals, but these patients are not
+ordinary individuals. They are perverse and opinionated. They have their
+own ideas. It is impossible to convince them that they are not as sick
+as they imagine. They think the physician fails to quite comprehend
+their cases,&mdash;that he does not recognize the serious side of the
+ailment, and so they are never wholly satisfied with medical assistance.
+The little incidental pains of the indigestion are indications of heart
+disease to such a patient and she acts in sympathy with this awful
+affliction; the real explanation being that the gas produced by the
+indigestion bothers the heart for the time being. She is very apt to
+diet as a consequence, one article after another being avoided until she
+is living on a starvation diet. She fails to appreciate the fact that
+she needs more nourishment, not less; that her stomach is in good
+condition, the fault being with her nerves. She finally becomes anemic
+and neurasthenic and a misanthrope.</p>
+
+<p>The young wife can readily appreciate that, to expect domestic success
+and happiness under such circumstances, would be impossible. Yet there
+are young wives who develop<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[Pg 383]</a></span> this habit of accentuating their little
+pains and ailments inordinately, to their husbands, on every occasion.
+They adopt this dangerous means of exciting extra sympathy and
+caressing. Some do it in explanation of their failure to perform their
+household duties efficiently&mdash;a laziness plea pure and simple.</p>
+
+<p>These inefficient and tricky little ladies find that it is easy to
+impose upon their unsuspecting husbands, so they proceed to work out the
+details to their own satisfaction. After spending the day sight-seeing
+or shopping or gossiping, and having neglected their work and feeling
+tired, they assume a becomingly abandoned position on the big, new,
+comfortable couch, practice a few heartbreaking sighs and experiment
+with the tear supply. These details are arranged and timed to be
+effective just as Jack opens the hall door with the latchkey. We can
+picture what follows without making any effort to dramatize the
+incident. But if the reader will try to create mental pictures of the
+frequently recurring home-comings under the same circumstances, she will
+develop interesting studies in domestic psychology as she watches the
+effect upon Jack when the truth begins to dawn upon him.</p>
+
+<p>It needs no oracle to assure these women that they are traveling along a
+road that has only one ending. Love is as old as the hills, and the
+older it gets, like the wise old hills, a wiser old love it becomes. It
+exacts its price, and its price is an equal love. There never was a love
+born&mdash;except maternal love&mdash;that will sustain itself after the knowledge
+dawns upon it that it is being bartered away and imposed upon. The day
+of reckoning comes in time and the dream is over.</p>
+
+<p>Do not forget that the first year of married life is the trial year&mdash;the
+real test of your soul-merit. During that first year you carve, as it
+were, on a monument, in a thousand different ways, the ineffaceable
+record of whether you deserve success and happiness in the struggle of
+life. In what should be the after-glow of love's young dream&mdash;the first
+precious weeks and months as a young wife&mdash;no element will be more
+subtly dangerous than the art of duplicity. Before a young wife
+determines to practice deception she should fully appreciate<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[Pg 384]</a></span> the
+inevitable consequences. If, under the mistaken idea that she can easily
+deceive her husband, because "he trusts me so," she believes she may
+continue to do so with impunity, she is the most elementary of all silly
+little fools. She has failed to observe that the great law of the
+universe acts in the interest of the rich and poor, the fool and the
+philosopher alike. She will become too clever and like all fools and
+criminals she will give herself away. She will wake up to find that she
+has been playing with the sacred things of earth&mdash;home and a husband's
+love; that, never again can she re&euml;stablish the affection and confidence
+which she has trampled upon and defiled; that the future is a mortgaged
+hope and she herself an unclean and unworthy thing.</p>
+
+<p>Practicing the art of duplicity in simulating physical ailments will, if
+persisted in, establish nosophobia. The patient will come to believe
+that she is not exactly well. She will establish the habit of feeling
+sick. This will render her mind diseased and the diseased mind will in
+turn suggest new and additional aches and pains, and she will soon not
+know whether she is sick or well. The dread of disease will effect its
+retribution and soon she will be, in fact, an unhappy and an
+unsuccessful young wife.</p>
+
+<p>Modern conditions unfortunately favor the easy development of nosophobia
+in young wives. Our larger knowledge of the symptoms of diseased
+conditions tends to render the analysis of localized pain more
+definitely and more suggestively. Certain pains, we are told by hearsay
+busybodies, mean certain serious conditions, and the category of these
+diseases extends from indigestion to consumption and to cancer. To the
+victim of nosophobia this suggestive knowledge is a constant terror and
+an ever present nightmare. To the normal healthy mind they mean nothing
+and suggest less.</p>
+
+<p>The modern young housewife has a superabundance of spare time. The
+utilization of the young wife's spare time is of the most momentous
+importance as we have previously pointed out. It is the one commodity
+which will speak in the after years in words of solace and cheer or in
+regret and condemnation&mdash;according to how these<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[Pg 385]</a></span> precious moments are
+spent. If these moments are not spent in a way best fitted to wholly
+occupy the mind, the mental attitude&mdash;to which we previously referred,
+and which is conducive to the cultivation of nosophobia&mdash;will have been
+developed.</p>
+
+<p>There are certain kindred conditions that may partly explain, to the
+ordinary healthy person, the real distress of mind into which these
+self-centered sufferers sink. The fear of a thunder storm, for example,
+creates profound dread and distress of mind in some people. The dread of
+dirt, of sharp instruments, of certain insects and animals, of darkness,
+of an ocean voyage, and of great heights, are common examples of this
+type of mind-distress of which the characteristic symptom is an
+inexplicable and uncontrollable dread. The same system of
+self-discipline and self-control is necessary to effect a cure of these
+various forms of mind-distress as is necessary in the successful
+treatment of dread of disease. To none of these other forms, however, is
+attached the same degree of seriousness by the laity as they attach
+unjustly to nosophobia. The conditions are all the same, but they reason
+that the dread of darkness or dirt or mice or height cannot possibly
+bring death or seriously affect the health or happiness, while sickness
+and the dread of it, means&mdash;so they imagine&mdash;pain and maybe death.
+Medically, nosophobia has no such significance. The condition exists
+only in the mind and the same effort at self-discipline will cure the
+dread of disease as well as the dread of any other possible condition.
+It is this element of mind, however, that lends itself to the cure of
+this condition by other means than legitimate medical advice and so we
+have had "healers" and "miracle workers" who have sprung up from time to
+time in the history of the world, who have cleverly taken advantage of
+this element in human nature, and reaped a rich reward.</p>
+
+<p>"<b>Keep Still and be Well.</b>"&mdash;To instruct the young wife how she may guard
+against acquiring this habit, we would suggest that she "keep still and
+be well."</p>
+
+<p>When the world appreciates better the psychology of thought, its
+tremendous significance will have a concrete meaning. We are too apt to
+regard the thought we<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[Pg 386]</a></span> give utterance to as a meaningless thing, so far
+as its influence is concerned. The woman who harps upon her ailments,
+who appears at the breakfast table with a depressed and melancholy
+visage, who regales us with an account of how poorly she slept, the
+nightmares she experienced, the pain she suffers, and who puts into her
+inflection the poison of self-pity is an emissary of Satan. I have seen
+a whole family's happiness for the day destroyed by the meaningless
+ranting of a hysterical woman. Life is hard enough for all, for each of
+us to at least wish each other well.</p>
+
+<p>The individual who cultivates the habit of carrying sunshine and good
+cheer to the breakfast table belongs to the sort of folk who help and
+inspire the whole world to a greater achievement. If one is sent away
+each morning from home with a cheery word and a radiant good-by he is
+inspired with the virtue of success and his efficiency is ensured.</p>
+
+<p>Cultivate the art of contentment and remember that relationship does not
+imply liberty; you have no right to send out into the world a member of
+your family depressed and miserable because of your irritability and
+evil habits.</p>
+
+<p>"Keep still and be well." If you cannot say a good word about a
+fellow-being, say none at all. Don't become a scandal-monger. We can
+forgive those who talk evil about us&mdash;they talk to hear themselves talk.
+The gossip germ is born of ignorance and vacuity and breeds best in idle
+minds. No one is influenced by the vaporings of a gossip, her words die
+in empty air. She injures herself only. The loquacious pest who brings
+to us the tales which the scandal-monger manufactures is the one who
+robs us of our peace and is unforgivable. To dignify the malicious
+intentions and idle nothings of an evil mind by carrying them further is
+an expression of degeneracy that is urgently in need of active
+disinfection. To vilify another is foolish; to repeat it, is the
+function of a rogue. Your friends bring you the glad tidings of the good
+things that are said about you: your enemies are those who, in the holy
+name of friendship, bring to you the poison of evil gossip. "Keep still
+and be well."</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[Pg 387]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>THE HOME</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[Pg 389]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXVII</h2>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"If we are eager to do something to lighten the load of
+another, eager to sacrifice self; to cheer, and counsel, and
+inspire; to leave unsaid some unkind word, to forget our own
+troubles in the larger trouble of a friend, we are
+home-builders."</p>
+
+<p>"A married woman can't decently spend her life in playing
+bridge, and in running ribbons through her underclothing She
+hasn't any right just to camp on her husband's trail.</p>
+
+<p>"No woman on earth has a right to maintenance unless she gives
+value received."</p></div>
+
+<h3>DOMESTIC QUALITIES</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>A Good Housekeeper and Home-maker&mdash;What Constitutes a good
+Housekeeper&mdash;Preparation and Selection of Meals&mdash;Washing
+Dishes&mdash;Pots and Pans&mdash;Dusting and Cleaning&mdash;Work Cheerfully
+and Be Thorough&mdash;Don't Be a Dust Chaser&mdash;Don't Get the
+Anti-sunshine Habit&mdash;Air Your Rooms&mdash;The Ideal Home&mdash;The
+Medical Essentials of a Good Meal&mdash;What Makes the Home&mdash;Working
+for Something&mdash;The Average Housewife's Existence Is
+Slavery&mdash;What Shall We Work For&mdash;Making Ends Meet&mdash;Rest and
+Recreation&mdash;Try a Nap&mdash;Get Enough Sleep at Night&mdash;Go Out of
+Doors&mdash;Take a Vacation Now and Then&mdash;Life Insurance&mdash;Owning a
+Home&mdash;The Cheerful Wife and Mother&mdash;The Indifferent Wife and
+Mother&mdash;Husband and Wife.</p></div>
+
+
+<p><b>A Good Housekeeper and Home-maker.</b>&mdash;If the young wife carries out the
+suggestions made on the preceding pages and thereby contributes her part
+to establishing the material success of the co-partnership, will she
+profit in any other way?</p>
+
+<p>She will have become a good housekeeper and home-maker.</p>
+
+<p>Housekeeping is an acquired art, home-making is a moral quality, an
+instinct. Housekeeping conducted as an art is superfluous. Home-making
+is a triumph under any circumstances. There are many good housekeepers;
+there are few competent home-makers. Housekeeping may easily be
+overdone; home-making can never be overdone. A beautiful house is not
+necessarily a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[Pg 390]</a></span> beautiful home. Housekeeping should be conducted with a
+view to home-making and never for any other reason. Sometimes we see
+housekeeping brought to its highest perfection by the same woman who
+never did understand the simplest rudiments of home-making. The woman
+who becomes the victim of the housekeeping mania never realizes it; it
+is an insidious art.</p>
+
+<p>There can be no doubt that a well-kept house is a thing of beauty. So
+also is a marble statue, but it is cold and bloodless.</p>
+
+<p>The young wife must strive to combine the two faculties. She should be
+an efficient housekeeper in a happy, comfortable home.</p>
+
+<p><b>What Constitutes an Efficient Housekeeper?</b>&mdash;An efficient housekeeper is
+one who has acquired the knowledge necessary to perform all the duties
+of housekeeping, and who executes these duties efficiently, with the
+least possible expenditure of time and labor.</p>
+
+<p>It is an absolute fact that most young wives begin housekeeping with the
+crudest ideas as to what housekeeping means. It has been pointed out
+many times, that many mothers bring their daughters up without
+instructing them in the elementary principles of keeping house. It is
+nevertheless necessary to repeat this statement over and over again, and
+to point out the enormity of the injustice done. Even if a daughter is
+fortunate enough to marry a man who is capable of supplying all the help
+necessary, a wife should know enough to intelligently discern if the
+work is properly done. If she does not understand the rudiments of
+housekeeping, and has no help, her inefficiency may be directly
+responsible for breaking up the home.</p>
+
+<p><b>Preparation and Selection of Meals.</b>&mdash;Thoroughness and simplicity are the
+two essentials to a satisfactory meal. If the articles are thoroughly
+cooked and the selection simple, there is no chance for trouble. A
+breakfast of fruit, a thoroughly cooked cereal with cream, a boiled egg
+and toasted bread and butter, is simple and is adequate. Freshly
+prepared hot biscuits sound good, but, unless you know your oven and
+have had a lot of experience, they are apt to result disastrously. Even<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[Pg 391]</a></span>
+if you are an expert, don't make them. They are very bad for digestion.</p>
+
+<p>For dinner, lots of thoroughly cooked vegetables, a small piece of steak
+or two lamb chops, bread (at least one day old), and good butter, a
+baked apple, stewed prunes, or rice, boiled for three hours, is enough
+for any one. Have your meals on time. Be sure the table cloth and
+napkins are clean, and your dishes hot. Establish the habit of being
+cheerful at meals, of eating slowly, and of coming to the table with a
+clean, fresh dress.</p>
+
+<p><b>Washing Dishes.</b>&mdash;While your husband is reading the evening paper, wash
+your dishes. Washing dishes is an art. Few young wives acquire it. The
+secret is, a big basin, lots of hot water, lots of soap, and a desire to
+wash them clean. If you wash them clean, don't smear them over by drying
+them with a greasy dishcloth. Wash your dishrag and drying towel every
+day, and hang them up to dry in the sun.</p>
+
+<p><b>Pots and Pans.</b>&mdash;How they are neglected! If you have any pride as a
+housekeeper, be clean. Hot water, soap, a cleansing powder and a little
+effort, and your pots and pans will be a credit to you. Have a system.
+Take time. Keep your kitchen tidy. Don't let work accumulate from meal
+to meal or from day to day. It is astonishing how lazy and dirty some
+women are. We have seen young women on the street, dressed tidily and
+smartly, and we have gone into the homes of these women and have been
+disgusted and nauseated with their general appearance. There is
+absolutely no excuse for this, and a young wife who gets into the habit
+of being indifferent is a disgrace to her sex. She cannot hope for
+success or happiness.</p>
+
+<p><b>Dusting and Cleaning.</b>&mdash;Every home should be thoroughly cleaned once a
+week. A certain day should be selected for the purpose. A certain system
+should be followed. After it has been done a number of times, you will
+devise ways and means of doing it quicker, easier and better. New
+methods will suggest themselves from time to time, so, by planning and
+systematizing, you will get rid of the drudgery part, and there will be
+a constant incentive present to beat your past record. You<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[Pg 392]</a></span> must get rid
+of the feeling that it is uninteresting drudgery and slavery. A woman
+who looks upon her work in that light is not deserving of any better
+fate, and she will not get much further. If you are one of these
+perverse individuals who resent advice; if you object to being told the
+truth; if you do not want to profit by experience; if you are satisfied
+as you are, don't waste your precious time reading books. No author can
+tell you how to get something for nothing; no teacher can instruct
+others in anything. He can only awaken thought and arouse impulses. The
+law of life is harmony. An individual who wastes God's precious time in
+grumbling and fretting is the most pitiful object in the universe. Try
+to appreciate that you are part of the divine problem, regarding the
+conduct of which certain implacable laws have been formulated. To obey
+these laws means continued life, health, strength, power and success; to
+disobey them means weakness, sickness, incapacity, unhappiness,
+discontent and premature death.</p>
+
+<p>Some people learn quickly how to conserve strength, how to systematize,
+how to be cheerful and hopeful and to radiate thankfulness. From a
+selfish standpoint this is the only method that pays. Some people will
+not see the point. They will put it aside by some such sophistry as:
+"Oh! it does not apply to me." It does, nevertheless, and probably at a
+later date, when the chance of achievement has withered, they will see
+the point through the mist of regret.</p>
+
+<p>Work cheerfully, therefore, and be thorough. Don't overdo it. Fussiness
+is objectionable, useless and unhealthy, because it is a constant drain
+on nerve energy. Some women are dust-chasers. They are eternally poking
+into corners with a feather duster. They chase dust from one room to
+another and back again, and the sight of a few grains on the piano makes
+them sick. Dust with a moist cloth and when your dusting is over leave
+it and forget it. Don't buy a feather duster.</p>
+
+<p>Don't get the anti-sunshine fad. Let the sun in. Don't pull your shades
+down to save the parlor carpet. Your husband would probably sooner buy
+another than pay for a funeral.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[Pg 393]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Air your rooms always, night as well as day. You cannot overdo it. Buy
+mosquito screens, keep the flies out, but let the air in.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Ideal Home.</b>&mdash;It is difficult to describe an ideal home, but we know
+one the moment we are in it. Its atmosphere instinctively breathes the
+personality of the home-maker. Its individuality distinctly
+differentiates it from the ordinary impersonal home. Its housekeeping
+dress is inviting; its furnishings harmonious; and it exhales repose,
+and comfort, and peace. When we meet its mistress we are welcomed in a
+low, gentle, cordial tone of voice, and in a manner which radiates
+honesty and unaffected simplicity. We discover the source of the unusual
+atmosphere. It is herself, the wife, the mother, the home-maker. She is
+the mystery of the ideal home. Each day her divine art grows more
+perfect because her heart is consecrated to the work. She may not be
+surrounded with material splendor. The miracle is in the soul she
+possesses. Love is the magic wand she yields. She loves her home, her
+children, her husband. She is the queen mother in the paradise she
+creates.</p>
+
+<p>We have seen that a good housekeeper may not be a home-maker. Every
+home-maker, on the other hand, is a good housekeeper. The ideal home
+could not exist unless presided over by a home-maker. A home-maker
+necessarily implies being a good mother; but a good housekeeper, who is
+not a good mother, will never be a home-maker.</p>
+
+<p>A good housekeeper will keep house for the art's sake and will resent
+any domestic event which upsets her housekeeping sense of decorum, even
+though the event may have splendid home-making possibilities. The mother
+with the home-making instincts will invite, and aid, and will conceive
+events, which, though they upset her housekeeping routine, will
+contribute to the happiness and edification of the home circle. The
+housekeeper's sense of duty ends when a good dinner is served; the
+home-maker's real duty and incidentally her pleasure begins, when dinner
+is on the table.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Medical Essentials of a Good Meal Are:</b> Pure food, judiciously
+selected for two reasons. First, that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[Pg 394]</a></span> there may be an adequate daily
+variety&mdash;in order to stimulate the individual taste and appetite;
+second, that the food supplies may be adapted, in nourishing
+equivalents, to the work and age of the diner. The food must be
+thoroughly cooked, eaten slowly, and masticated with care and
+deliberation. Every meal should be served and eaten when cooked and
+ready. Food should never be allowed to stand when cooked to the proper
+degree. Overdone food is not desirable. The dishes should be heated to
+the proper degree; the table linen, napkins, etc., clean and fresh; and
+the family should all eat at the same time.</p>
+
+<p>A meal should never be hurried. Interesting conversation is, therefore,
+a necessary and a commendable feature while dining. There is less desire
+or tendency to hasten through a meal when one is interested or is being
+entertained. The intervals between courses will be welcomed rather than
+resented under these circumstances, and the appetite will be keener and
+the enjoyment greater.</p>
+
+<p>The wife and mother, who is the home-maker and consequently responsible
+for the <i>esprit de corps</i> of the family, will direct, suggest, and guide
+the conversation into profitable and interesting channels. By thus
+supplying the atmosphere necessary to the efficient eating of a meal,
+the digestion and the assimilation of the food will adequately take care
+of itself. Overeating is never a part of any meal and should be
+religiously avoided.</p>
+
+<p><b>What Makes the Home.</b>&mdash;We know it isn't the house we live in that makes
+the home. Many have lived in humble dwellings and have carried all
+through life the memory of home as a sacred legacy. Wealth does not make
+a home, nor culture, nor any of the intellectual attainments for which
+we may strive unceasingly. We may have all these and yet not know the
+joy of "home." "Home" conveys to every heart the same tender memories.
+To have known the blessings of a "home" is to be fortified for life's
+battles. No one can deny its importance in humanizing mankind. A boy who
+has never known what it was to have a home, whose substitute for the
+home associations was an "institutional mother," may<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[Pg 395]</a></span> have all the
+necessary potential qualities for success, but he will be forever
+deprived of the inspiration that memory of home kindles in every human
+soul.</p>
+
+<p>The secret of the sources of home is its atmosphere. The atmosphere of
+home is the sum total of the kinship and sympathy radiated by its
+members. It is a tangible something which is capable of being felt,
+which is capable of inspiration and which is capable of being carried
+away into the years beyond, exerting a helpful influence over the
+milestones of worry, and trouble, and defeat; and it is always a
+fragrant, soothing, energizing influence. Every human heart needs the
+memory of a home and the presence of a friend at all times and in all
+places.</p>
+
+<p>We must contribute our share to form the right kind of home-making
+"atmosphere." The two qualities which are essential to this task are
+sympathy and peace. Each contributor must be more than a negative unit
+in the home. It is not enough to simply desire peace&mdash;a deaf mute could
+fill that part. We must desire to please and we must be an active agency
+working for harmony and peace. If there is in our heart enough sincere
+affection for brother and sister, father and mother, the desire to
+please will be the bond of sympathy that will weather every
+temperamental storm. If we are eager to do something to lighten the load
+of another, eager to sacrifice self, to cheer and counsel and inspire,
+to leave unsaid some unkind word, to forget our own troubles in the
+larger trouble of a friend, we are home-builders. We must control our
+moods in the home, we must submerge the instinct of selfishness, of
+impatience, of pride, and of obstinacy. We must not be opinionated, we
+can many times conform to the opinion of others in trivial matters and
+preserve peace; we thereby minister to the happiness of others, because
+to give happiness is the surest way to be happy. Temper is the sting
+that poisons many homes. Its possessor is an impossible associate and
+will defeat the work of the angels in the effort to make homes.</p>
+
+<p><b>Working for Something.</b>&mdash;At various times we have emphasized the
+necessity of having definite plans, of "knowing exactly what you want,"
+of "beginning wedded life with ideals"; in other words, we believe that
+to combine<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[Pg 396]</a></span> the maximum efficiency with the greatest degree of happiness
+it is necessary for all of us to "work for something."</p>
+
+<p>It is not necessary to prove that the average human life is
+uninteresting; most of us know that. As a matter of fact the average
+existence is a monotonous, hopeless dreary stretch of time, dotted at
+more or less frequent intervals with physical pain and suffering, and
+with mental sorrow and anguish.</p>
+
+<p>While this is undeniably a true epitome of the average life to-day, it
+is not to be accepted as the only possible average existence. Every
+agency that is working for the betterment of the conditions which
+surround life is helping to elevate the status of the average
+individual. As individuals, the question whether our life will conform
+to the average, or be individualized, rests with ourselves.</p>
+
+<p>The ordinary average housewife's existence is slavery in its loneliest
+and most wretched form. Its utter hopelessness is its most depressing
+feature. If we could hope for some glint of sunshine, some day in the
+future when conditions would change, some circumstance which would give
+us the opportunity which we have never had, some test of our
+womanhood,&mdash;anything to relieve the crushing, hopeless inertia of the
+daily routine,&mdash;we imagine we could go on again, hoping that things
+would permanently change eventually. Don't "hope things will change."
+Change them! Don't get in a mental rut; don't be an "average" housewife.
+If you really can't do anything else, if things are so abjectly hopeless
+that there is no other way out, if your path is leading to nowhere,
+start a rebellion. When the smoke has cleared away you may see a new
+path to follow, and it may lead to somewhere. It is not necessary to do
+this often, because the fault is usually our own, and not that of
+environment or conditions, or our husbands. All we need to do is to
+think things over, and begin something, and all the other conditions
+will take care of themselves. The moment we step outside the humdrum
+path of existence, the moment we are curious enough to do this, there is
+hope for us. A little mental fresh air will dissipate a good many brain
+fogs. The instant we begin "working<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[Pg 397]</a></span> for something" definite, we cease
+to follow in the procession of the average helpless and hopeless
+citizen. So to the young housewife we would strongly suggest that she
+"think things over" and decide what she is going to work for.</p>
+
+<p>Now, what will it be? Of course it will be different with each
+housewife. With many it will be "a home of our own." It may only be a
+piano for the children, or it may wisely be more insurance. Possibly you
+live in the country, and you long for the social and other advantages of
+the city. You may be a city wife and may long for a farm in the glorious
+country. It may be a trip to Europe; or a college education for the boy;
+or a musical career for the daughter. It does not matter what it is, the
+"it" is the thing itself, and, having found it, the world for you has
+changed. The lonesomeness, and the hopelessness, and the wretchedness of
+life have disappeared. There is always in the future the "it"; no matter
+how dark and gloomy the road may be, it is illuminated at the far end
+with the realized "it." It is the bearing of the burden of life that
+makes a wife, and when we have "something to work for" we begin to live.
+Love is the explanation. We don't want the home for ourselves. We want
+it for those we love, we want those we love in the atmosphere, which I,
+as mother, will make in "our home." It is the elemental mother that
+speaks,&mdash;the motherhood spirit that pours out eternally in
+self-sacrifice and keeps no debit account. It is the cry of the primal
+mother that echoes through all the ages and which has kept the race sane
+and safe and hopeful. Having something to work for supplies the element
+necessary to cheerfulness. In the darkest moments, when everything seems
+to go wrong, the thought that we can look forward to a time when a great
+change is coming, when we will move to the new home, when we go to the
+farm or the city as the case may be, or when John will finish his
+college course and start out as a lawyer,&mdash;when the strain of skimping
+and making ends meet is over we feel that the struggle will let up and
+we can rest in peace for a little while. It is sharing these burdens
+that counts, and brings out the best elements of human nature. The
+struggle<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[Pg 398]</a></span> of making ends meet draws the young couple closer together,
+and adds that touch of divinity that is essential to confidence and
+love. It strengthens character, curbs the tendency to unnecessary
+expenditure of money and time, and teaches frugality and patience. The
+incentive to win out is ever present, and it is the anchor that means
+final satisfaction and success.</p>
+
+<p>Try to see the point. Work for something,&mdash;something worth while, and
+when you have once begun never turn back. "Nothing-succeeds like
+success."</p>
+
+<p><b>Rest and Recreation</b>&mdash;A young couple should find time for rest and
+recreation as well as for work. This part of the domestic problem should
+be carefully and systematically utilized, and just as faithfully carried
+out as any other part. Both husband and wife should participate in these
+hours of enjoyment, and the husband should assiduously try to make of
+these respites periods of real mutual benefit. No matter in what station
+of life one may be, it is always possible to find congenial means of
+passing many happy and profitable hours together, if the spirit of
+companionship and mutual interest is kept alive. It is the incessant
+strain upon the nervous system that constitutes the real danger of home
+life. The struggle to make ends meet; to keep the children neat and well
+fed; to look respectable; to provide clothing and education; to nurse
+the sick; to tolerate gossipy neighbors; to put up with ugly tempers; to
+meet the constant drain of society, business, politics and
+religion,&mdash;the wonder is that so few remain outside the lunatic asylums.</p>
+
+<p>There are certain inevitable daily happenings in the life of every
+housewife that must be tolerated though they are not pleasant. A certain
+number of interruptions will come at the most inopportune moments. The
+children will come in with muddy feet and walk over the clean floor;
+some days the stove works splendidly, other days it acts as if it was
+crazy; the milkman is late to-day and too early to-morrow; some days the
+iceman comes, some days he stays away, and these are the days we want
+him most; the upstairs work is not quite done when cooking must be
+begun; the grocer forgot to send the butter; a dish or two will crack or
+break every day; doors will<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[Pg 399]</a></span> slam; the rain begins to fall just when the
+clothes are all hung out; baby needs nursing just when the pie must be
+turned; a visitor calls before the dishes are washed. These are
+inevitable. The cure does not lie in some impossible revolution. We must
+rest the nerves and take the strain off.</p>
+
+<p>Try a nap in the middle of the day. Lie down and relax even if you do
+not sleep. In some countries this is a national custom. It should be a
+law in America. One cannot appreciate the amount of good that can be
+gained from one-half hour's sleep. Medically it is a wonderful
+rejuvenator.</p>
+
+<p>Get enough sleep at night. Late hours in the home is a bad habit and a
+poor investment. It affects the health and the efficiency. One extra
+hour means all the difference between frayed-out nerves, exasperated
+dispositions and home peace and contentment. There is a certain fixed
+ratio between sleep and good nature that has been formulated into a law
+by psychology. Keep early hours and the whole complexion of life will
+improve.</p>
+
+<p>When indoor work becomes irksome go out of doors, try a walk. Nothing
+will dissipate tired-out nerves quicker than a brisk walk. Every
+housewife should walk in the open air every day of her life. It is an
+absolute necessity if she hopes to retain her health and spirits. She
+will be in better shape and in a better mood to carry out her part of
+the daily programme.</p>
+
+<p>Take a vacation now and then. Go to the seashore or into the mountains.
+When a housewife is run down and irritable; when the disposition comes
+to indulge in a lonely cry; when she wishes she had never been born;
+when the cook stove and the children are hysterical irritants; it is
+time for a day off. The husband should find time to take his wife into
+the country for a week end, even a day at the seashore will work like
+magic.</p>
+
+<p>Resting and recreation are necessary. If we do not recognize this fact,
+and adopt the habit as a preventative, we will be compelled to take it
+in an effort to cure a malady that has established itself as a
+consequence of the neglect. It, therefore, is a time and money saver,
+and it saves friction, and home, and maybe life.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[Pg 400]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><b>Life Insurance.</b>&mdash;Every young wife should insist upon her husband
+carrying life insurance upon his own life. She should make this a part
+of the prenuptial agreement. We would go further and state that a man
+who will not willingly agree to this is not a safe man to marry. The
+kind of insurance is immaterial, so long as it guarantees to the wife an
+adequate sum of money in the event of his premature death. The wife
+should regard the payment of the premiums as one of the necessities, and
+should personally know that they are promptly paid.</p>
+
+<p><b>Owning a Home.</b>&mdash;It should be the hope of every married couple to own
+their own home. It has been the regret of many, when in later years they
+have figured up the money which they have spent in rent, that they did
+not think of this plan earlier. Nowadays, it is possible to pay a very
+small sum down, and certain monthly payments, which apply on the
+purchase of a house. By beginning this way, when the family expenses are
+small, it is comparatively easy, and without any deprivations, to own
+the home outright in a few years. Many couples foolishly buy gaudy and
+unnecessary furniture, and live in more expensive homes than their means
+justify, in order to create an impression, when first married, which
+they later regret. If part of the money, which the young husband has
+undoubtedly saved,&mdash;or he should not marry,&mdash;was paid down on the
+purchase of a house it would be paid for before the extra expense which
+necessarily comes with children had to be met. The plan works to the
+advantage of the couple both ways, because, if no rent has to be paid
+out after a few years, the extra expense of children would not then be a
+hardship.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Cheerful Wife and Mother.</b>&mdash;How many happy memory pictures we see by
+simply reading the name,&mdash;the cheerful wife and mother,&mdash;we might call
+her the optimistic mother. No matter what we did as children, we were
+never afraid of her. She always saw the bright side, and if we did
+something wrong she never scolded angrily; she talked to us convincingly
+and made us slightly ashamed of ourselves. If we had any plan or project
+we took it to her, she listened, and she suggested, and before we knew
+it she had solved our problem and the plan<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[Pg 401]</a></span> was possible,&mdash;away we would
+go, enthusiastic and happy, to work out the details as she suggested,
+and shortly our "party was on its way." If any of us had an
+accident,&mdash;we didn't go home, we were afraid of a scolding,&mdash;the victim
+was rushed to her, she would wash the blood and tears away, bathe the
+wounded part, put on a bandage and then take the little patient up to
+her room. A cake and a story would soon have us feeling good and help us
+forget our pain. Oh! she was an angel to us. On rainy days she found a
+way to amuse us, our dirty feet didn't count, the floor was to be washed
+up anyhow. To keep in her good graces, however, we had to be reasonably
+good. She told us stories, and we soon found out that she didn't like a
+mean or stingy boy, and a boy or girl who would tell a lie she would not
+talk to for a week. Her stories always proved that the mean boy, or the
+bad little girl, or anyone who told lies, never had a good time, that no
+one liked them, and most everybody kept away from them, if they didn't
+stop being bad. She was a wonderful mother, and every boy and girl for
+miles around knew her and loved her.</p>
+
+<p>And so it is that children soon learn who their real friends are. A home
+is what the mother makes it. Cheerfulness does not cost anything, and
+how much better it is if happiness abounds. You can get infinitely more
+of the confidence of a child by being gentle, and by showing that you
+have his or her real interest at heart. They will trust you more and
+rely upon your forbearance in the event of anything going wrong. As we
+boys and girls grew up the interest of the angel mother didn't cease; we
+met her often, and she would ask "how things were going." She knew
+exactly what each of the boys and girls was doing, and we always told
+her the truth, and all the truth. If anything did go wrong, she would
+know of it from one of the others, and she would "look up" the
+unfortunate one. Many times to my knowledge she has helped another
+mother over a crisis; when a boy was about to go wrong or showed a
+tendency to do some foolish thing. She did so because she "had a way" of
+getting round the boy, that even his own mother did not possess, and he
+would listen. A mother who can preserve<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[Pg 402]</a></span> her own cheerfulness under all
+circumstances is a jewel. The influence she wields is beyond estimation.
+A radiant cheerfulness is something akin to Christlikeness, it is an
+inspiration. People who live together frequently feel out of sorts in
+the presence of each other without a feeling of compunction, without
+realizing that they are guilty of a social discourtesy. If there is in
+that home an optimistic, cheerful mother, how different the atmosphere
+is! The cross look, or the touchy word, is quickly observed and all the
+power of her infectious cheerfulness is brought into battle array and
+the discontent is chased away, the vitriolic spirit of quarrel,
+slumbering so near the surface, is made to feel ashamed of itself. It
+shrinks into the darkness, and we begin the day all over again, thankful
+that mother is so good, so considerate and patient.</p>
+
+<p>It isn't exactly by the children that such a mother is best appreciated.
+Father knows the real value of her cheerfulness. He knows just what it
+has meant in the past, and he knows what it means now. He can look back
+and he can recall many instances in which the optimism of his wife was
+the agency which turned the tide. He knows of many business deals
+wherein the cheerful advice of his wife changed his viewpoint and so
+changed failure into success. He can recall many instances during the
+early days of his business career when the outlook was gloomy and
+doubtful, when its success depended upon so small a matter as
+temperament and disposition, when the cheerfulness, the love and tact of
+his wife dispelled the gathering clouds, strengthened the wavering
+spirit and instilled new fight, new purpose, new hope, into the
+situation. Oh, yes, he knows that cheerfulness, and optimism, and tact,
+and love, have a definite economic value, but it cannot be estimated in
+dollars and cents. He knows they are an asset in the domestic problem,
+but they are sacred, holy, consecrated.</p>
+
+<p>Cheerfulness is such a potent reality that it has a definite, concrete
+value. Life is a product of environment to a very considerable extent.
+Our surroundings very often dictate our attitude, and temperamentally at
+least we radiate whatever spirit our environment generates.</p>
+
+
+<h4>HEREDITARY FEEBLE-MINDEDNESS<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a></h4>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;">
+<img src="images/image85-1.jpg" width="650" height="424" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Here is the law. The blood of the father was tainted. For several
+generations it lay dormant, and then smote this little child, Bertha. It
+is the terrible, the inevitable law of heredity.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 650px;">
+<img src="images/image85-2.jpg" width="650" height="349" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Not so much now, as years ago, is there intermarriage. It is fortunate,
+for the results of in-breeding are far worse in human beings than in
+animals; chiefly because of man's more highly developed nervous system.
+New, pure blood above all things else is a re-energizing force which may
+go far toward eventually eliminating any trace of taint.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> "Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences," Goddard,
+The Macmillan Company.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[Pg 403]</a></span></p>
+<p>One cheerful home will radiate, will send out into the world, certain
+definite, concrete influences which will encourage and stimulate, and
+strengthen and give new hope to every living thing it reaches. The
+atmosphere of cheerfulness will exert a specific influence upon every
+disposition within its zone. The children of a cheerful mother and home
+will radiate happiness, contentment and love. The husband of a cheerful
+wife will carry into life's struggle a more just, a more equitable, a
+more humanizing influence as a direct, concrete result of that
+cheerfulness, and who can tell into how many other homes the spirit of
+cheerfulness will be carried as a consequence of the justice, and
+equity, and charity of that husband and father? To return after a day's
+work and worry to a fireside, to a home, in which cheerfulness is the
+radiating element is to inspire contentment and peace and thankfulness.
+Out of the joy of thankfulness, out of the satisfaction of peace, and
+the fulness of contentment, the kingdom of Heaven is born, and when
+human hearts feel like this they are living near the borderland of great
+possibilities. The cheerful wife and mother needs little advice. She
+does, however, need our love and the knowledge that we are true to
+ourselves and that we are fighting an honest fight. She will be happy in
+that knowledge.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Indifferent Wife and Mother.</b>&mdash;The home over which an indifferent
+wife and mother presides is a "happy-go-lucky" home. There is something
+radically wrong in the make-up of a woman who is wife and mother and who
+is indifferent. It is not a natural condition, and it is frequently a
+product of simple ignorance. Such a woman may be exceedingly amiable and
+charitable; she may take an active interest in church and social
+affairs, and may be regarded as a kind and model housewife. Her
+interests are outside the home, however, and since the home is a place
+of apathy and indifference she feels she must "keep busy" elsewhere. She
+is out of touch with her husband and his affairs, and the children "get
+along somehow." If they come in for meals and report for bed that is all
+"any one can expect." There is seldom any acute friction, because every
+one is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[Pg 404]</a></span> indifferent and selfishly attends to his own affairs.</p>
+
+<p>Such a home is devoid of the domestic atmosphere. The mother touch is
+lacking: sentiment and love have long ago taken wings: the temperature
+of the place is cold and forbidding. The children "exist" and may be
+healthy animals, but their souls are empty and there is no comradeship
+or affection in their make-up. They do not know what human sympathy
+means, and they either grow into successful machines, or indifferent
+citizens. As human beings they are failures. It would be astonishing to
+know how many of this type of mother and wife the present strenuous age
+is producing. They are certainly on the increase, and the unrest, which
+is a growing characteristic of the sex, is tending to still further
+increase this type of womanhood. The mother element is being subverted
+and in its place we find "Justice" with her scales, but with a marble
+heart.</p>
+
+<p>These women do not realize that the citadel of motherhood is a sacred,
+holy citadel, and that its responsibilities cannot be met by a negative
+allegiance. A child's character, its training, its physical equipment,
+its mental development, its body and soul, its heredity and acquired
+instincts, its virtues and its vices, its environment, are all mothers'
+cares, mothers' duties, mothers' responsibilities, and if they are
+neglected part of the eternal scheme is frustrated and recompense will
+be exacted. When a woman marries she assumes responsibilities which she
+cannot and dare not neglect. If she does, she will have to give an
+accounting of her stewardship.</p>
+
+<p>The indifferent mother and wife does not fit. She is incompetent, she is
+one of nature's sarcasms. She is a mistake as a wife, as a mother, and
+as a member of society. She is not sincere or she would not be guilty of
+such fundamental injustice. As a human being she is a parasite, and in
+the Master's vineyard she is a weed.</p>
+
+<p><b>Husband and Home.</b>&mdash;As sponsor for the welfare and efficiency of the
+family and the home, the wife and mother should occasionally give some
+thought to the husband and father.</p>
+
+<p>William Muldoon, one of the greatest physical efficiency experts in this
+or any other country, who has intimately<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[Pg 405]</a></span> known hundreds of our great
+men in every walk of life, recently stated that American men to-day do
+not appear to have the same amount of physical endurance and nervous
+energy that men of forty years ago possessed. In other words, as a race
+we are degenerating. In his opinion the condition is due to the fact
+that commercialism has taken such a firm hold upon the American people
+that everything else is cast aside to make a success in business or
+profession.</p>
+
+<p>This is a serious indictment coming from such a source and should be of
+intense interest to the wife and mother of to-day.</p>
+
+<p>The over-worked business man, when he gets into the hands of the
+physician, is a neurasthenic. He has gone just as far as his vitality
+will take him. His mind is fagged and worn out and will not concentrate.
+He is nervous, irritable, and wretched. His appetite is capricious, and
+he sleeps fitfully. For a few days he pulls himself together and plunges
+into work, but the effort exhausts him and he falls back further than
+before. He is unhappy and despondent, his viewpoint changes and the
+future looks uninviting and he loses his courage and his faith in
+himself. He hides all this from his family, he does not want wife and
+children to know that he is losing his hold. He even makes desperate
+efforts to keep fit while at home, and for a time he succeeds.</p>
+
+<p>All this has been brought about by tremendous concentration of effort to
+do ten times as much work as he should do, and it has all been done in
+order to acquire riches and independence, not so much for his own sake
+as for his family's sake.</p>
+
+<p>Now, a wife who fails to see the handwriting on the wall is no wife at
+all. Any wife who cannot tell, by a single look, exactly how her husband
+feels is not quite what she should be. Some women may question this
+declaration. They may regard it as a far-fetched indictment. The truth
+nevertheless is,&mdash;and all good citizens are thankful that it is
+so,&mdash;that if a man and woman live together for years, and during that
+time work together in sympathy and love, and share the burdens of life
+together, they grow toward each other; there is a psychic<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[Pg 406]</a></span> force that
+binds them so that when the clouds begin to settle over one the other
+promptly sees the mist and brings all her subtle skill and solicitude to
+guard and fight in the other's interest. The "two hearts that beat as
+one" are old hearts, hearts chastened by experience and mellowed by the
+sorrows and joys of life, hearts that have gone through the dark spots
+and the deep spots of affliction, and have loved and helped each other
+all through the long journey to sunset's old age. God never inspired a
+holier picture than the wrinkled face of a good old mother. The old
+eyes, with the peering promise of a near peace in them; the toothless
+mouth, whose words of cheer are records of the past; the wrinkled face,
+the sad token of human frailty; the gentle word of welcome which age
+trustingly bestows, all speak to younger hearts with hungry words, and
+we hope that their lot is one of peace and contentment and happiness.</p>
+
+<p>A wife, therefore, who has shared the burdens of life honestly and
+willingly with her husband will promptly note when life's struggle is
+becoming dangerous to her helpmate.</p>
+
+<p>The true wife will insist on rest, and quiet, and recuperation. No man
+has the right to sacrifice himself for his family and no family should
+dare to expect it. A wife should frequently inquire and find out what
+their success is costing her husband, find out the price he is paying.
+No success is worth while if a man is undermining his health and
+strength to attain it. Men do it, however. American business men do it
+all the time.</p>
+
+<p>Maternal sacrifice is admittedly the supreme or Christ-like instinct of
+the human race, and it has been accorded the glory which is its due, but
+the unsung song of father love is a more pathetic incident of this
+strenuous age than we are apt to believe. America is building a breed of
+men with a dual passion, the passion for riches, and the passion to
+protect. The one is a wrong ideal, the other is a wrong principle. Ask
+any of the worn-out men who are inmates for the time being of the
+splendid institutions in the country devoted to the recuperation of
+health: ask the medical superintendents of the large sanitariums; ask
+Muldoon; ask the busy men of big business<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[Pg 407]</a></span> why they keep in the harness
+after they have made enough to retire upon; why they strive and fight
+and sacrifice themselves, and you will be told that the force which
+impels them is the desire to protect, with ample fortune, wife and
+children, and those dependent upon them. The average well-balanced man
+of America is never happier than when he can give to his loved ones
+every comfort and luxury possible. He is willing to work and so
+sacrifice self to the utmost to consummate his ambition. The right kind
+of a wife will see that her husband is getting a square deal.</p>
+
+<p>The right kind of solicitude and the right kind of argument will tend to
+divert her husband's attention away from business, to the advantage of
+all concerned. The children of America need closer fellowship with the
+fathers. We should read fewer tales of the profligacy of rich men's sons
+and less lurid accounts of the doings of the daughters of society. The
+sons of poor men would profit by a freer companionship with the more
+experienced father, and the daughters would be less apt to wander away
+from the fireside of a home that was knit together by the broader
+sympathy of father love.</p>
+
+<p>The training and education of our children is far more important than
+storing up money for them to spend recklessly. We all need help and
+cheering words and encouragement to do justice to ourselves and others.
+Nothing will inspire and stimulate youth more to achieve, to be clean in
+mind and body, and to succeed, than the knowledge that he is loved, and
+trusted, and has the implicit confidence of parents and of brothers and
+sisters. His pride is awakened, he would hate to fail, or to disappoint
+them, so he makes a conscientious effort to be worthy and to succeed.</p>
+
+<p>The mothers are at the helm. They must be the harmonizing factor in the
+home, and they must bring their human ships into safe harbors. The
+storms and the battles of life will only unite the crew together if the
+"captain" is the right "man" in the right place.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[Pg 409]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXVIII</h2>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 2.5em;">"All that I know, I owe to my mother."</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 30em;">Abraham Lincoln.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<h3>HOW WE CATCH DISEASE</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>We Catch Disease&mdash;How Germs Enter the Lungs&mdash;How Germs Work in
+the Body&mdash;The Function of the White Blood Cell&mdash;How an Abscess
+Is Formed&mdash;The Evil Habit of Spitting in Public
+Places&mdash;Sunlight and Germs&mdash;Why It Is Necessary to Open
+Windows&mdash;Facts About Tuberculosis&mdash;The Tendency to Disease&mdash;The
+Best Treatment for Tuberculosis&mdash;Consumption Is a Preventable
+and a Curable Disease&mdash;When Delay Is Dangerous&mdash;What to Eat and
+Wear in Hot Weather&mdash;Scientific Dressing&mdash;Drink Plenty of
+Water&mdash;What to Drink When Traveling.</p></div>
+
+<p>A simple explanation of how we "catch" disease may be interesting and
+profitable. Let us take, for example, a case of consumption. In order to
+"catch" consumption it is necessary to breathe into our lungs the germ
+of consumption.</p>
+
+<p>How do we "catch" these germs?</p>
+
+<p>If a consumptive patient spits or expectorates on the street, or on the
+floor of a railroad car, or in a room, or store, or theater, after a
+time the spittle becomes dry, and because of the wind or a breeze which
+may be caused by opening or shutting a door, or it may be the skirts of
+women walking about, the dried sputum in which the germs are becomes
+mixed with the dust of the air. If we happen to be around, just at the
+particular time when the germs are blown into the air, we may breathe
+into our lungs enough of them to produce consumption. If we are in good
+health, and if we do not happen to get too large a dose of the bacteria
+at one time (and that is only a matter of luck), we can overcome them,
+as will be shown shortly. If, however, we are not in good health, if we
+are just recovering from some serious or depressing disease, such as
+Grippe, the bacteria will overcome our reserve vitality, and consumption
+will graft itself on our weakened system.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[Pg 410]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>How do these germs work?</p>
+
+<p>They lodge on some part of the lung tissue and burrow into it. They make
+a nest for themselves and begin work immediately. They live on the lung
+tissue, they multiply rapidly, they produce&mdash;as a result of their
+activity&mdash;a poisonous substance. Because of their eating up, as it were,
+the lung tissue we often find holes (cavities) in the lungs of
+consumptives. By breeding rapidly they require more and more room, so
+they invade more and more of the lung tissue and destroy it. The
+poisonous substance which they produce is absorbed by the blood. Its
+effect on the blood is to weaken it, and when the blood becomes weak the
+vitality declines, so that the patient loses weight, appetite, and
+strength. The poison also produces fever, and so the long, weary fight
+goes on till death claims the patient.</p>
+
+<p><b>What Happens If We Inhale These Bacteria, and Consumption Does Not
+Develop.</b>&mdash;In order to understand the answer to this question it is
+necessary to explain certain facts concerning the white blood cells. The
+white blood cells can pass through a blood vessel and back into it again
+without leaving any hole in the wall of the blood vessel.</p>
+
+<p>The function of the white blood cells is to wander around and if they
+discover any stray bacteria, whose presence is undesirable, it is their
+duty to get rid of it as quickly as possible. The white blood cell may
+therefore be likened to a detective whose duty it is to arrest any
+suspicious character who comes into the city. When a white blood cell
+discovers a strange microbe it immediately surrounds and encloses it
+within itself, just as your hand can enclose any small object, such as a
+cent or a dime. It then promptly goes to the nearest blood vessel,
+enters it, and is carried away in the blood stream. If we are in good
+health our blood cells are alert, active, and capable of defending us
+against any invading foe in the form of a microbe or bacteria. If we are
+not in good health the bacteria may overcome the white blood cells. If
+we inhale a large number of the consumptive bacteria at one time, and
+they succeed in getting into the lung substance, they are immediately
+met by an army of blood<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[Pg 411]</a></span> cells, all bent on capturing them. An actual
+battle is fought and the deciding factor of the battle will be the
+condition of the patient. If there is plenty of strength and reserve
+force, if the patient is in good health, the blood cells will win the
+battle; if the condition of the patient is poor, the blood cells will
+lose the battle and tuberculosis, or consumption, has its beginning in
+that patient from the time the blood cells lose their fight. We know the
+battle has been lost because the well-known symptoms of the disease soon
+appear. The blood cells do not retreat when defeated; they go on
+fighting to the best of their ability. Whether they ever succeed in
+overcoming the bacteria, depends upon the treatment the patient gets,
+and his personal conduct. We give him a maximum of fresh air and
+sunlight because these are the great enemies of all kinds of bacteria.
+We force his feeding and try to stimulate his appetite, hoping thereby
+to give him strength so that his blood cells will fight actively in his
+interest. We take steps to reduce his fever so that his strength may not
+be wasted and burned up. If we succeed, with the necessary active
+co&ouml;peration of the patient, the blood cells finally overcome the
+bacteria and the patient recovers from the disease.</p>
+
+<p>This is the story of the invasion of almost every disease. It is the
+story of the white blood cell.</p>
+
+<p>The white blood cell is active in another way and it is a very
+interesting way. When you cut yourself the blood cells immediately
+surround the entire cut. They line up like an army defending a city.
+They form a perfect wall, millions of them, ready to pounce upon all
+enemies in the form of bacteria or microbes, that have the temerity to
+try to creep into the wound unseen.</p>
+
+<p>This is the reason that so very few of the hundreds of little surface
+wounds and scratches which every one gets, ever become infected or go
+wrong in any way.</p>
+
+<p>When a microbe does get inside, under the skin, and becomes active, as
+they sometimes will, the white blood cell, appreciating that it cannot
+defeat the enemy, begins to build a wall around him and locks him in.
+This compels the enemy to limit his activity within the wall, which he
+does, and so an abscess is formed, which bursts<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[Pg 412]</a></span> when the bacteria fill
+it so full that the wall gives way and empties the poison out on the
+surface of the skin, thus saving the body from the poison of the microbe
+which would spread all through the body, were it not for the wall formed
+by the active, busy little white blood cell.</p>
+
+<p>The foregoing simple explanation of "how we catch disease" will no doubt
+be suggestive to the interested and careful reader. The first and most
+obvious question that suggests itself is: If we "catch" tuberculosis by
+inhaling germs from some other person's dried spittle, why are
+consumptives allowed to spit where it will do harm? Consumptives are not
+allowed to spit where it will do harm, but they do and they always will.</p>
+
+<p>Every department of health in every civilized corner of the globe has
+secured the enactment of laws making spitting unlawful in any public
+place. Every sanitary society, every agency whose aim is to work in the
+interest of public health, has actively aided, and is aiding, in the
+propaganda for a better universal understanding of the principles of
+sanitation and hygiene. The individual must be educated to understand
+the tragic need of such a law. You cannot legislate virtue into the
+public conscience. It is a profound reflection upon human intelligence
+to appreciate that the great white plague, for the stamping out of which
+so many thousands of lives are annually sacrificed, and so much money is
+spent, could be forever stamped out, if the human race would agree
+absolutely to stop spitting.</p>
+
+<p>It is the duty of every person to take an active personal interest in
+this crusade of education and emancipation. We appreciate and concede
+that a large number of those afflicted with consumption do not willfully
+spit, knowing that others may be affected as a consequence. They do it
+in ignorance. Our aim is to educate the victim to an understanding of
+the true condition. The knowledge must be carried into every home, and
+the story must be told in a simple, convincing way, to attain results.
+The mothers of the country can aid to a very considerable degree, in
+this commendable work. Every mother can tell her children the story of
+how disease is caught. She can tell them that the danger<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[Pg 413]</a></span> spots of
+infection are where people congregate together, in church, school,
+theater, street-cars, and railroad trains. She can teach them to breathe
+through their nostrils, especially when in these public places, because
+the nostrils are so constructed that they act as a sieve or strainer,
+they clean the air we breathe, and when we blow the nose after being in
+one of these places we blow out thousands of germs and other impurities
+which would have gone straight into the lungs if we had breathed through
+the mouth. She can teach them the value of deep breathing when in the
+open air, and of standing and walking erect so as to get all the lung
+space possible. By constantly reminding children of these little points
+you will be amazed at the progressive improvement which goes on both in
+their bodies and in their minds. They will become little missionaries,
+they will tell the story to others, and a real good can be accomplished
+in this simple way, that will grow in strength and vigor as the years
+roll round.</p>
+
+<p>The next suggestive feature in the reading of "How we catch disease," is
+the significant emphasis which is put upon sunlight and fresh air in the
+treatment of consumption. Sunlight, as already stated, is the great
+enemy of microbes and germs of all kinds. Where sunlight is, germs do
+not want to be. How wrong, therefore, is the habit of lowering the
+shades, when the sun shines into your home, because it "spoils the
+carpet." Let it spoil the carpet; it is much cheaper to buy a new carpet
+than to pay for a funeral. Let the sunlight stream into your rooms for
+the few hours it can every day. Germs love the dark, sunless corners
+where the dust is. Housewives should, therefore, go into the dark
+corners with a moist duster, and wipe them clean, then boil the duster
+and hang it in the sunlight to dry until needed again. If you choose to
+use a feather duster instead, as the lazy woman does, you only chase the
+dust and the germs from one corner to another, and in doing so you
+afford yourself the opportunity of swallowing a few germs in the
+passing. One may, therefore, be punished in an unexpected way for being
+lazy.</p>
+
+<p>For the very excellent reason that corners and angles<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[Pg 414]</a></span> are unsanitary,
+there are to be no more of them in the construction of houses and office
+buildings of the better class. They are being built with "round"
+corners; even the ceiling and walls, and floor and walls, meet in a
+curve,&mdash;no square crevice or corner where dust or germs can gather.</p>
+
+<p>If we add moisture to a sunless spot, we have the ideal environment for
+germs to breed and flourish in. There is always moisture or humidity in
+the air if the altitude is low, and if it is near the ocean, or any
+large body of water, the moisture is relatively greater. For this reason
+we send patients with pulmonary disease to the mountains, where the
+altitude is much higher, where there is no moisture, and consequently
+where there are practically no germs. We cannot move our homes to the
+mountains, however, so what must we do to get rid of the moisture and
+the germs where we are compelled to live? What do we do with the family
+wash when it is wet? We hang it up in the yard, in the sun and in the
+breeze, because we know from experience that the wind and the sun soon
+dry anything wet. They do more; they freshen everything, so that
+anything exposed to the sun and air smells fresh and sweet and is fresh
+and sweet and pure. So to make our homes sweet and fresh and dry we must
+chase the stale air away, and the moisture with it, by opening our
+windows and letting in the sunlight and the breeze, every day, and for
+as long as possible every day. Open windows and sunlight and fresh
+air,&mdash;all you can get,&mdash;this is the song of health, the joy of life, the
+only agents that will keep the eager, busy, little white blood cell
+healthy and willing and alert. This is the reason you must keep the
+windows of your bedrooms open at night, as well as by day, so you and
+your children will get fresh, pure, sweet air, and not stale, moist,
+germ-laden air to breathe.</p>
+
+
+<h4>FACTS ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS</h4>
+
+<p>Tuberculosis, or consumption, is a disease of poor air, dusty quarters,
+insufficient nourishment, and, above all, of ignorance with regard to
+its dangers and what we now know of the possibilities of its cure. The
+more we know<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[Pg 415]</a></span> about it the better chance there is to cure it, and better
+still, prevent it.</p>
+
+<p>Not very long ago the death rate from consumption was one in six, that
+is, every sixth person who died in this country died as a result of
+tuberculosis in some form. It is now about one in eight. This is a
+remarkable decrease&mdash;about one-third of its former ratio of victims are
+now spared. Not so very long ago the disease was regarded as practically
+fatal; now it is classified as one of the eminently curable diseases.
+The universal dissemination of this knowledge will do much to rob the
+"Great White Plague" of its terrors.</p>
+
+<p>Investigation and observation have demonstrated that there is in the
+great majority of people a definite tendency successfully to throw off
+the disease. It is a curious and astonishing fact, which we have learned
+from the study of the results of autopsies; we find, in nearly every
+instance, that every person in whom death occurred after thirty had had
+consumption at one time and resisted it and died of some other disease.
+We mean by this that at some time, in all likelihood during one of the
+"colds" of childhood, every one of us contracted consumption, but
+because of our vitality we successfully resisted and conquered it. In
+other words, the white blood cells won their fight.</p>
+
+<p>This knowledge is of great value; it taught the scientists who were
+studying the characteristics of the disease that there were conditions,
+possible of attainment, under which the human organism could definitely
+and victoriously defeat the invasion of the tubercle bacilli.</p>
+
+<p>The public mind, until recently, was imbued with the fallacy that the
+disease was hereditary. It was thought that if it "ran in the family"
+the victims of it were almost certain to die. We know definitely now
+that consumption is not hereditary, and that, instead of death being
+certain in a patient in whose family it has been, this fact alone
+ensures the victim a much better prospect of cure than if it had never
+existed in the family. The explanation of this seeming paradox is quite
+logical from a medical standpoint. The theory of the vaccine treatment
+of disease is that if you infuse into the blood the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[Pg 416]</a></span> products of the
+germs of certain diseases, the individual in whose blood the vaccine has
+been put, will wholly resist that particular disease, or if he acquires
+it, it will be in a mild and more modified form. If a family for a
+number of generations has had various members die of tuberculosis, the
+blood stream of the family will have become so impregnated with the
+toxins, or poisons, of the disease, that, in time, a certain immunity
+will have been established. Consequently, tuberculosis in an individual,
+the blood of whose ancestors has been accustomed or habituated to the
+poison of the disease, will run a milder course, be more modified in its
+type, and will respond to treatment easier than in an individual whose
+family history is free from the taint of tuberculosis.</p>
+
+<p>In proof of this principle, it is a well-known fact that consumption
+runs a rapid, fatal course among those nations which have not hitherto
+been exposed to it. The death rate among our American Indians when it
+was first introduced among them was enormous.</p>
+
+<p>The same truth applies to syphilis. The blood of the civilized race has
+become so thoroughly syphilized, that it is no longer so susceptible to
+the disease as it once was: and the disease as we know it to-day does
+not manifest the same virulency as it did years ago, or as it does in a
+race in whom it is grafted for the first time.</p>
+
+<p>These ideas of the curability of the disease and of its non-heredity are
+extremely important and supremely suggestive. Tuberculosis takes only
+the quitters and the supine. Anyone who will fight bravely against the
+disease can always resist its ravages for many years, if not to the
+extent of living out a normal life.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Tendency to Disease.</b>&mdash;Mothers should understand just what is meant
+by "the tendency to disease." We assert that consumption is not
+hereditary, but we know that certain individuals are born with the
+tendency to tuberculosis. Just what does this mean?</p>
+
+<p>Let us suppose a tubercular mother gives birth to a child. It would be
+foolish to assume that this child comes into the world with a normal
+standard of resistance; but it is certain he is not tubercular and
+doomed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_417" id="Page_417">[Pg 417]</a></span> at the moment of his birth. He may be what is ordinarily termed
+a weak, puny, sickly infant, but the germ of disease is not implanted in
+his constitution. If he is taken from his mother, taken away from the
+tubercular environment, and brought up under the best hygienic and
+sanitary surroundings, it is possible for him to become a robust,
+healthy, normal man.</p>
+
+<p>The tendency to disease in this case will not materialize. If, however,
+we permit him to remain with his tubercular mother, to nurse her milk,
+to live in what necessarily is an unhygienic and unsalutary
+environment&mdash;the presence of the consumptive mother renders it so&mdash;the
+probability is that the tendency to disease, which in his case is the
+tendency to weak lungs, will materialize, because of his weak
+resistance, poor nourishment, and unfavorable surroundings. If,
+therefore, his method of living does not contribute to building up and
+strengthening what is in the first place a weak structure, the structure
+itself will, during the first strain put upon it, give way, and
+naturally the weak spot will be the point of election for the invasion
+of disease. This strain may be one of the infantile diseases,&mdash;scarlet
+fever, or measles, or whooping cough, or it may be bronchitis. Instead
+of convalescing from these conditions, as a normally constituted child
+will, this child, whose potential resistance is below standard, will
+fail to reach the rallying point, will afford a fertile field for germ
+invasion, and will develop tuberculosis,&mdash;not directly, however, as a
+result of having had a tubercular mother, but because he was not removed
+from the tubercular environment and given a fair chance. The high infant
+mortality is, to a very large extent, caused directly by this "tendency
+to disease," plus unfavorable environment, and this is wherein the
+eugenic propaganda has found its field of promise and is unassailable
+reason for active existence.</p>
+
+<p>Let us take another illustration, so that mother may have a full
+understanding of the far-reaching effect of the "tendency to disease."</p>
+
+<p>We cannot justly assume a child to have outlived its hereditary
+tendencies until it has reached the period of its full growth,
+physically, mentally, and morally. We<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_418" id="Page_418">[Pg 418]</a></span> know that this period is about
+the twenty-third year. Now a young girl of eighteen, or even twenty, who
+is successfully resisting an inherited tendency, is likely to reach her
+full physical and mental growth, providing she does not subject her
+vitality to a serious physical strain, or providing she is not the
+victim of a serious illness. Suppose this young girl marries and becomes
+pregnant; this condition immediately changes the fighting or resisting
+equation; she is no longer conserving her strength and energy; she is
+spending it out, wasting it so far as it applies to her own upbuilding.
+The percentage in favor of a successful fight against the inherited
+tendencies is greatly reduced, and as a matter of fact, statistics
+show&mdash;as is fully explained in the article on "The Evils of Early
+Marriage"&mdash;that many of these young mothers succumb to disease as a
+result of pregnancies at this period of immaturity, when they could have
+otherwise lived. The "tendency to disease" has therefore an economic
+value and the state should build along the line of the conservation of
+health in its broadest sense.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Best Treatment for Tuberculosis.</b>&mdash;The most important factor in the
+present-day treatment of consumption is the right kind of nourishment.
+This cannot be emphasized too strongly. In the first edition of this
+work, it was stated that the most important factor in the treatment of
+this disease was fresh air. The author has had very good reasons to
+change his opinion radically in this respect.</p>
+
+<p>So emphatically may this truth be asserted that it is now not at all
+necessary to seek a change of climate in the hope that such a change may
+aid the patient. It must not, however, be understood that this reasoning
+applies to charitable cases. If the patient is so situated that it is
+not possible to provide a proper environment, a change may do good. It
+is not the change of air that is responsible for the improvement,
+however, though it no doubt contributes in these cases; it is the
+altered environment.</p>
+
+<p>Patients who in their own homes enjoy sanitary and hygienic care; who
+may have a room of ample size for their exclusive use, which is
+thoroughly aired, day and night; who are provided with the "right kind
+of nourishment,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[Pg 419]</a></span> and who will obey implicitly the rules which the
+physician, who is conversant with this particular method of treatment,
+will lay down, may be assured that a prompt response will ensue. The
+intelligent reader will understand that this statement does not apply to
+patients in the last stages of the disease. The assertion, however, must
+rightly be regarded as revolutionary. It is not what we were taught&mdash;it
+emphasizes, nevertheless, what every physician already knows, that,
+theoretically, consumption is a disease that should respond to
+treatment. That we have not had greater success with it in the past,
+must be attributed to our method of treatment. The fact that most of us
+have had the disease, and have recovered, conclusively demonstrates its
+curability. Those individuals who fail to recover promptly do not
+possess the vitality to throw it off spontaneously. If at this time&mdash;the
+real beginning of the disease&mdash;it is discovered, and the right treatment
+instituted, we immediately supply the organism with the ingredients it
+is deficient in and we are justified in looking for favorable results if
+the patient adheres to the instructions.</p>
+
+<p>The second essential in the treatment of consumption is an abundance of
+fresh, pure air. We therefore direct the patient to remain in the open
+as much as is possible. If circumstances permit him to sleep
+out-of-doors, so much the better; if not, he must sleep in a room with
+the windows open to the fullest extent, winter and summer. There are no
+exceptions to this rule. If it storms, the outside blinds may be closed,
+but the windows must remain open. The city air is just as efficient for
+our purpose as is the air of any other vicinity&mdash;the point is, to get
+enough of it from a mechanical standpoint. The advantages from sending
+patients away, even under the old belief, were more than discounted by
+conditions incident to the new environment that were detrimental to
+their progress. Now that we know it is not necessary or essential to
+procure any other kind or quality of air than exists in any city, all
+our efforts may be concentrated in the interest of the patient in
+directing the "right kind of nourishment" and in supervising his
+conduct. In few instances is it necessary to prescribe any medicine.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_420" id="Page_420">[Pg 420]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>In exceptional cases the cough may require some sedative remedy,
+especially if it disturbs the patient at night. Experience has taught
+us, however, that to live twelve hours in the open air and to sleep with
+the windows wide open, will do more for the cough than any medicine we
+possess.</p>
+
+<p>Pleuritic complications may cause pain, but this feature is best aided
+and permanently relieved by fresh air also. Very recently there were
+made exhaustive experiments in this connection in St. Thomas' Hospital,
+London, England. It was decided to subject patients to open-air tests
+for pleuritic pains in the course of consumption. This particular
+hospital is situated on the River Thames, in a notoriously damp and
+foggy part of the city; despite this drawback it was conclusively shown
+that the patients who lived night and day on the balconies breathing
+this heavy, murky, damp atmosphere, were relieved of their pains
+quicker, and more permanently, than those who were shielded in the wards
+of the hospital.</p>
+
+<p>Inasmuch as the patient must be adequately nourished, his cure depends
+upon the condition of the stomach. It is known that the germ works more
+actively in a patient who is losing weight. When the germ is very
+active, its poisons, circulating in the blood, cause fever and fever
+results in tissue waste. We must therefore bend every effort toward
+overcoming this tendency. If we can get the patient to take sufficient
+food and if he digests it thoroughly, the weight will increase, the
+fever will subside, and the tissue waste will stop. Patients must be
+extremely careful, therefore, what they put into their stomachs. Only
+simple, tasty, highly nutritious food should be taken, and digestive
+energy should not be wasted on less nutritious materials. For this
+reason incalculable harm has been done by indiscriminate
+medicine-taking. Medicines exert a bad influence on the stomach and
+those patients who take them lose their appetites. Drugs should never be
+taken except for a definite purpose and only on the advice of a
+physician. These patients should particularly be guarded against the use
+of advertised patent medicines. They are always bad, and never under any
+circumstances are they of any advantage,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">[Pg 421]</a></span> as is clearly shown in the
+chapter on "Patent Medicines." Thousands of persons die of consumption
+every year who would have lived had they not taken such remedies.</p>
+
+<p>The following article is sent out by the New York Department of Health
+as a Circular of Instruction regarding Tuberculosis.</p>
+
+
+<h4>INFORMATION FOR CONSUMPTIVES AND THOSE LIVING WITH THEM</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><b>Consumption Is Chiefly Caused by the Filthy Habit of
+Spitting.</b>&mdash;Consumption is a disease of the lungs, which is
+taken from others, and is not simply caused by colds, although
+a cold may make it easier to take the disease. It is caused by
+very minute germs, which usually enter the body with the air
+breathed. The matter which consumptives cough or spit up
+contains these germs in great numbers&mdash;frequently millions are
+discharged in a single day. This matter, spit upon the floor,
+wall or elsewhere, dries and is apt to become powdered and
+float in the air as dust. The dust contains the germs, and thus
+they enter the body with the air breathed. This dust is
+especially likely to be dangerous within doors. The breath of a
+consumptive, except when he is coughing or sneezing, does not
+contain the germs and will not produce the disease. A well
+person catches the disease from a consumptive only by in some
+way taking in the matter coughed up by the consumptive.</p>
+
+<p>Consumption can often be cured if its nature be recognized
+early and if proper means be taken for its treatment. In a
+majority of cases it is not a fatal disease.</p>
+
+<p>It is not dangerous to live with a consumptive, if the matter
+coughed up by him be promptly destroyed. This matter should not
+be spit upon the floor, carpet, stove, wall, or sidewalk, but
+always, if possible, in a cup kept for that purpose. The cup
+should contain water so that the matter will not dry, or
+better, carbolic acid in five per cent. watery solution (six
+teaspoonfuls in a pint of water). This solution kills the
+germs. The cup should be emptied into the water closet at least
+twice a day, and carefully washed with boiling water.</p>
+
+<p>Great care should be taken by consumptives to prevent their
+hands, face, and clothing from becoming soiled with the matter
+coughed up. If they do become thus soiled, they should be at
+once washed with soap and hot water. Men with consumption
+should wear no beards at all, or only closely cut mustaches.
+When consumptives are away from home, the matter coughed up
+should be received in a pocket flask made for this purpose. If
+cloths must be used, they should be immediately burned on
+returning home. If handkerchiefs<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_422" id="Page_422">[Pg 422]</a></span> be used (worthless cloths,
+which can be at once burned, are far better), they should be
+boiled at least half an hour in water by themselves before
+being washed. When coughing or sneezing small particles of
+spittle containing germs are expelled, so that consumptives
+should always hold a handkerchief or cloth before the mouth
+during these acts; otherwise the use of cloths and
+handkerchiefs to receive the matter coughed up should be
+avoided as much as possible, because it readily dries on these
+and becomes separated and scattered into the air. Hence, when
+possible, the matter should be received into cups or flasks.
+Paper cups are better than ordinary cups, as the former with
+their contents may be burned after being used. A pocket flask
+of glass, metal, or pasteboard is also a most convenient
+receptacle to spit in when away from home. Cheap and convenient
+forms of flasks and cups may be purchased at many drug stores.
+Patients too weak to use a cup should use moist rags, which
+should at once be burned. If cloths are used they should not be
+carried loose in the pocket, but in a waterproof receptacle
+(tobacco pouch), which should be frequently boiled. A
+consumptive should never swallow his expectoration.</p>
+
+<p>A consumptive should have his own bed, and, if possible, his
+own room. The room should always have an abundance of fresh
+air&mdash;the window should be open day and night. The patient's
+soiled wash-cloths and bed linen should be handled as little as
+possible when dry, but should be placed in water until ready
+for washing.</p>
+
+<p>Rooms should be cleaned daily, but in order to prevent the
+raising of dust, all floors must be well sprinkled before
+sweeping, and all dusting, etc., done with damp cloths.</p>
+
+<p>If the matter coughed up be rendered harmless, a consumptive
+may frequently not only do his usual work without giving the
+disease to others, but may also thus improve his own condition
+and increase his chances of getting well.</p>
+
+<p>Rooms which have been occupied by consumptives should be
+thoroughly cleaned, scrubbed, and whitewashed, painted, or
+papered before they are again occupied. Carpets, rugs, bedding,
+etc., from rooms which have been occupied by consumptives,
+should be disinfected. Such articles, if the Department of
+Health be notified, will be sent for, disinfected, and returned
+to the owner free of charge, or, if he so desires, they will be
+destroyed.</p>
+
+<p>When consumptives move they should notify the department of
+health. Consumptives are warned against the many widely
+advertised cures, specifics, and special methods of treating
+consumption. No cure can be expected from any kind of medicine
+or method except the regularly accepted treatment, which
+depends upon pure air, an out-of-door life, and nourishing
+food.</p>
+
+<p>Consumptives having an opportunity of entering a sanatorium,
+should do so at once.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_423" id="Page_423">[Pg 423]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><b>When Delay Is Dangerous.</b>&mdash;Inasmuch as it is mother's duty to watch over
+the health and the efficiency of all members of the household, she would
+do well to establish a rule to err on the safe side in every case of
+sickness. That rule should be never to delay too long in obtaining
+medical aid.</p>
+
+<p>In nearly twenty years of active general practice I have had hundreds of
+"hurry" calls to "come at once." In not over a dozen of these calls did
+any of the cases demand immediate attention from a medical standpoint.
+Most of them, however, should have had earlier aid. People wait too long
+in the hope of spontaneous recovery, and when, instead of recovery, they
+realize that the patient is quite sick, they become conscience-stricken
+and send a "rush" call for the doctor. After delaying from day to day
+they decide to get professional advice and send a messenger for a
+physician with instructions to "go for another if he can't come at
+once." It is imperative he should come instantly, though they have
+delayed for a week in requesting his services. Every physician has these
+calls every week of his life. If an individual has survived a week's
+neglect, it is quite within reason to assume that he will survive
+another hour,&mdash;and during that hour the physician may have time to
+complete whatever he may be doing when the call comes.</p>
+
+<p>If you have been guilty of bad judgment in not sending earlier for aid,
+don't add discourtesy to your sins. The world demands of us, and every
+person has the right to expect, a certain degree of consideration and
+courtesy. If we do not give it, we only harm ourselves because the lack
+of cultivation is a detriment which limits growth and happiness. The
+degree of attainable happiness is limited by the degree of "goodness"
+that is in us. If you are not considerate, depend upon it, there is an
+element of happiness which escapes you, and you cannot attain it till
+you are considerate.</p>
+
+<p>It is inconsiderate and it is discourteous to send an immediate demand
+for a physician "to come at once" if there is no urgent need for his
+services, and if you have just been inspired for aid after a week's
+blindness, there<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_424" id="Page_424">[Pg 424]</a></span> is no urgency in the matter. A call in an hour would
+do just as well.</p>
+
+<p>Take the following case: A mother discovers a small quantity of blood in
+the diaper of her two months old baby. There is a larger quantity in the
+afternoon and she decides to give the baby a dose of castor oil. During
+the night it slept fitfully and in the morning it has a large stool as a
+result of the castor oil and there is a large quantity of blood in the
+stool. She sends a "rush" call for a physician. The physician discovers
+the following facts: The baby is being artificially fed; it has been
+vomiting its food for a week; its stools have been green, foul and
+contained mucus; it had a fever for a number of days; it has lost much
+weight and looked pale and sickly. The physician obtained this history
+from the mother&mdash;she therefore knew the baby's condition. Why did she
+delay sending for a physician? How sick did she want the child to be
+before the need for aid seemed justifiable to her? Why didn't the sight
+of blood in the stool suggest the need of assistance? What do the public
+expect of physicians in such cases? But why ask questions? Many mothers
+will doubt the existence of such a mother as is described above. They
+need not; she was one of my own patients. I do not understand such
+women; I only know that such mothers exist in quite large numbers. This
+particular mother has other children; she is a good housekeeper, is
+personally attractive, and is thought well of in the community. If such
+seemingly heartless conduct can spring from such a source is it not
+evidence of the fact that the average mother needs instruction, needs
+education, and does it not bespeak the need of eugenics being sown
+broadcast throughout the land?</p>
+
+<p>Delays are dangerous in all sicknesses that last, despite a thorough
+cleaning out of the bowels. To wait, hoping that "things will change,"
+is bad practice. It is unjust to the medical profession, and it is
+infinitely more unjust to the victim.</p>
+
+<p>There are two kinds of surgical operations&mdash;those of choice and those of
+necessity.</p>
+
+<p>Every one knows about the operations of necessity,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_425" id="Page_425">[Pg 425]</a></span> most of which must
+be performed as a result of accident, but few people understand the
+dangers of delaying what are termed "operations of choice." These are
+for such conditions as appendicitis, cancer, and stomach and bowel
+troubles.</p>
+
+<p>Delaying an operation of choice lessens the chances of living, and
+really makes an operation of necessity with fewer chances of recovery
+than from the operations that must promptly follow injuries.</p>
+
+<p>When we feel that an operation is needed, or are in doubt about it, the
+wise thing to do is to consult medical authority. Then, if it is found
+there should be an operation, there is plenty of time to make every
+arrangement. We can begin to diet, which is generally necessary and
+there is every chance for speedy recovery.</p>
+
+<p>If a man breaks a leg and it has been set badly, the surgeons do not
+rebreak it at once, but allow it to heal and the patient to regain his
+strength, when it is again broken and reset properly. This is an
+operation of choice.</p>
+
+<p>But if a terrible fracture of the leg results from a fall, with the
+shattered bone protruding, an operation of necessity must follow to mend
+torn arteries.</p>
+
+<p>It has been learned through recently gathered statistics that about
+thirty per cent. of the people operated on for appendicitis die simply
+because they delay the operation. This should have been an operation of
+choice, when every arrangement could have been made long beforehand; the
+delay makes it an operation of necessity, with the victim in such poor
+physical condition that he has not half the strength to recover that he
+would have had if he had been wise enough to consult a physician when he
+first suspected that something was wrong.</p>
+
+<p>These same statistics go to show that fully 99 per cent. of the
+appendicitis cases, when taken in time, are cured by means of the
+operation, thus affording the strongest proof of the folly of delaying
+such things.</p>
+
+<p>The total number of deaths from appendicitis each year, due to delay in
+operating, is greater than the number of deaths during the
+Spanish-American War. There are instances where the doctors do not
+advise operations soon enough.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">[Pg 426]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Above all things, when a reputable physician advises operation, do not
+think you know more than the physician, but have the operation performed
+at once. Nine times out of ten this will be the means of saving your
+life.</p>
+
+
+<h4>WHAT TO EAT AND WEAR IN HOT WEATHER</h4>
+
+<p>No faith should be placed in the so-called "hot-weather" foods. The
+cereals and other manufactured foods advertised as possessing marvelous
+qualities, have in reality no advantage. Some of them have more or less
+value as ordinary food, but they certainly possess no unusual
+superiority. Home cooking is the best in summer or any other time.</p>
+
+<p>Great care should be taken to keep the system in the best possible
+condition. This will prove the most effectual safeguard against the
+heat. Some foods do not agree with certain individuals, and these should
+be carefully avoided in summer. Every person will have to judge for
+himself in this matter. Otherwise the diet should be balanced carefully
+so that enough, and yet not too much, is eaten. As much fruit as
+possible should be eaten, and meat never more than once a day. It is not
+well, however, to omit it entirely.</p>
+
+<p>Food sustains the body through the heat it generates chemically, and it
+is therefore impossible to eliminate a certain heating effect. If the
+system is kept normal, however, and the diet properly balanced, this
+should not be felt. Work is performed by the body and energy expended.
+This must be replaced with the heat value of food. A certain amount of
+fat, starch, and the other constituents of a well-balanced diet is
+essential.</p>
+
+<p>Fat meats and other forms of fat are the most heating of all foods and
+may be minimized in summer. The amount of food necessary is, of course,
+largely governed by the nature of the work performed by the individual.
+Brain workers can eat very little in the morning and during the day,
+reserving until evening the single heavy meal. If they have been doing
+this the year around they probably will be cooler during the morning and
+afternoon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_427" id="Page_427">[Pg 427]</a></span> if a light breakfast and luncheon are eaten. It is not well,
+however, to make any radical change from one's regular habits.</p>
+
+<p>Manual workers require more food, and the heavy meal had best be eaten
+in the middle of the day. All three meals should be substantial. There
+is no danger of eating too much if the system is not overburdened.</p>
+
+<p>Not only is pork rich and fat, and therefore very heating, but it is the
+quickest of all meats to spoil. Veal also spoils very quickly if not
+kept at the proper temperature. Of all meats mutton has the best keeping
+qualities. Beef also keeps well and is a safe meat to eat in summer.</p>
+
+<p>Flies are dangerous under any conditions, but particularly should they
+be avoided where meat is kept. The bacteria they carry thrive
+particularly on meat, and therefore are apt more rapidly to multiply
+than if deposited on some other food. Care should be taken to buy meat
+only from places where adequate protection is provided against flies.</p>
+
+<p>It is of the greatest importance to keep the meat at a uniform cold
+temperature. It should not be allowed to become heated, and then cooled
+again. Some meat shops still keep the meat on open counters or hooks and
+replace it in the refrigerators at the close of the day. These shops
+should be carefully avoided. Modern methods provide glass-covered
+refrigerating counters which keep the meat cool while it is on display.</p>
+
+<p>Meat should be kept at as low a temperature as possible. The ordinary
+refrigerator is at a little above freezing and temperatures at or below
+zero are preferable.</p>
+
+<p><b>Scientific Dressing.</b>&mdash;By dressing scientifically it is possible to
+minimize the effect of the heat. The heat from the sun must be kept away
+from the body and the heat generated by the body permitted to escape.
+These results can best be accomplished by having the clothes very loose
+fitting, so as to leave ample air space, and by having the outer clothes
+of a good non-conductor of heat. The cloth, of course, should be as
+light in weight as possible, but it is more important to have it a good
+non-conductor of heat and of porous weave.</p>
+
+<p>Not enough attention is paid to the selection of colors<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[Pg 428]</a></span> for resisting
+the heat. Two cloths identical except in color will show a great
+difference in the comparative amount of heat they let through. Light
+shades should be chosen, but care should be taken to see that they are
+not glaring, so as to irritate the eye and increase the mental effect of
+heat.</p>
+
+<p>Linen and silk are better non-conductors than wool. And the weave of a
+cloth has a great deal to do with the amount of heat it lets through.
+Smooth, hard weaves absorb much less heat than fuzzy weaves. For this
+reason, serge is much cooler than worsted of the same shade and weight.
+A mistake is often made, however, in getting serge of a dark blue. It
+should be of as light a color as possible; gray is much cooler than
+blue. A white serge is much cooler than white flannel, because it is
+less fuzzy.</p>
+
+<p>Linen is much cooler than woolens, because it is a better non-conductor
+and is of more porous weave. The linen thread is rough, which causes
+inequalities in the weave, permitting a more thorough circulation of
+air. Cotton is a still better non-conductor than linen, and would be
+preferable for summer clothes but for the fact that it neither wears nor
+holds its shape so well.</p>
+
+<p>Mohair is very light in weight and cool looking. As a matter of fact,
+however, it is a fairly good conductor of heat, is closely woven, and
+usually comes in dark shades. It is a woolen cloth, and any woolen has
+its threads woven more closely on account of the process of manufacture
+than linens, cotton, and silk cloths. Linen is perhaps the best material
+for summer wear. It is porous in weave, light in color, and of fairly
+light weight.</p>
+
+<p>It is well to remember that the safety valve of the body in hot weather
+is the evaporation of perspiration, not the act of perspiring. If the
+hand is put in a glove, for instance, it will perspire much more than if
+in the open air, but it will not be as cool. It is the evaporation that
+is a cooling process. If the perspiration is absorbed it cannot
+evaporate. That is why loose fitting undergarments are cooler than tight
+ones. It is also the reason why cotton is cooler next to the skin than
+linen or silk; it absorbs moisture less freely.</p>
+
+<p><b>Drink Plenty of Water.</b>&mdash;Water, and a great deal of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_429" id="Page_429">[Pg 429]</a></span> it, is desirable at
+any time during the summer. It should be drunk freely during the day.
+Lemonade also is good, the slight acid being an aid to digestion. It is
+best to have beverages cooled only to a moderate temperature. Ice water
+is not bad, but it would be preferable if it were not at so extreme a
+temperature. Ice is resorted to only as a convenient means of securing a
+palatable temperature; the system does not crave extreme cold. Water at
+the temperature of the air is nauseating, so ice is put into it and the
+other extreme secured. Sixty degrees is the ideal temperature for
+drinking water. If this could be conveniently obtained it would be
+preferred to a greater degree of cold. Not only is it less harmful to
+the system, but it is more satisfying and thirst-quenching. Water put in
+bottles and left in a refrigerator until properly chilled is the best
+way of preparing a summer beverage. When any beverage is sufficiently
+cold to cause a pain in the head or throat when drinking it the result
+may be harmful. Cold water poured on the wrist or head has a cooling
+effect and tends to reduce the ice water habit.</p>
+
+<p>If one could afford it, it would be well to drink nothing but mineral
+water in the summer. Not only does it assure purity, but the gas is an
+aid to digestion and serves to render the water more palatable. This
+results in more of it being drunk than if it were flat water, and it is
+desirable to drink as much water as possible in hot weather. By mineral
+water I mean carbonated bottled waters intended for table use. Care
+should be taken that the water is only lightly impregnated with salt.</p>
+
+<p>It is much safer to drink a well-known water. The water may not be
+bottled at the spring or it may be bottled under unsanitary conditions.
+In many cases mineral water is not all that it should be in cleanliness.
+Unless one is sure of the purity of a bottled water good hydrant water
+supplied through the city pipes is safer.</p>
+
+<p>In traveling, however, and at summer resorts it would be well to drink
+nothing but mineral water of a well-known brand. Only by doing this and
+by being certain that the bottle has not been refilled can one be safe.
+The supplied on trains and in resorts frequently is not as pure as that
+supplied in large cities.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_430" id="Page_430">[Pg 430]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>On the whole, however, mineral water has no particular advantage over
+ordinary water except that the well-known brands are sure to be pure,
+and the carbonization makes it more tasty and so increases the amount
+consumed. It is much safer and more healthful to drink a well-known
+mineral water than the so-called soft drinks, many of which are unclean
+and harmful.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_431" id="Page_431">[Pg 431]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>DISEASES OF WOMEN</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_433" id="Page_433">[Pg 433]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXIX</h2>
+
+<h3>DISEASES OF WOMEN</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Importance of Diseases of Women&mdash;The Beginning of Female
+Disease&mdash;Ailing Women Are Inefficient&mdash;As Home-makers, as Wife,
+as Mother&mdash;Few Ailing Women Become Pregnant&mdash;The Chief Cause of
+Female Disease&mdash;The Existence of the Average Mother&mdash;Female
+Diseases Are Avoidable&mdash;The Story of the Wife&mdash;Women Who Don't
+Want Children&mdash;Abuse of the Procreative Function&mdash;What the
+Woman with Female Disease Should Do&mdash;Cancer in Women&mdash;Cancer of
+the Breast&mdash;Cancer of the Womb&mdash;What Every Woman Should Know
+About Cancer&mdash;Change of Life&mdash;The Menopause&mdash;The
+Climacteric&mdash;The Average Age at Which the Change of Life
+Occurs&mdash;Symptoms of the Change of Life&mdash;Importance of a Correct
+Diagnosis&mdash;Danger Signals of the Change of Life&mdash;Conduct During
+the Change of Life.</p></div>
+
+
+<p>No conscientious physician can give thought to this subject without
+being profoundly stirred. It may justly be said that all types of
+disease affecting the general health, the happiness, and the efficiency
+of the people are equally important, and should elicit the same degree
+and quality of kindly consideration. For many reasons this is not so, as
+I will endeavor to show. The dominating reason which renders diseases of
+women an exception to this rule may be mentioned here, however, so that
+the reader will keep its supreme significance prominently in mind while
+considering the subject in its various other aspects. "Diseases of
+women" rank first as a eugenic problem. They have a direct and
+far-reaching influence on posterity. They affect the environment of the
+home and thereby the health and the efficiency of all concerned.</p>
+
+<p>The diseases which form the basis of the statements in this article are
+as follows: leucorrhea, displacements, or malpositions of the internal
+organs; lacerations, ulcers, tumors, sexual incompetency, and the
+venereal complications.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[Pg 434]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It is not possible or desirable to tabulate the symptoms which result
+from these conditions. They would not convey to the average individual a
+just picture or an intelligent summary of the life of a victim of these
+ailments. An actual description of the life of a patient will be more
+effective because it will depict the incidental domestic atmosphere in
+which most of these patients live.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Beginning of Female Disease.</b>&mdash;When a woman first begins to feel the
+effects of so-called "female weakness" she is conscious of not feeling
+"fit." She wonders what the matter is. She may not have actual pain at
+this time, simply the consciousness that "she is not what she used to
+be." Her work seems harder and more tedious, she worries without cause,
+she begins the day with less energy and ambition than she used to, her
+disposition is more uneven, more irritable and she tires easier and is
+more willing to retire earlier than formerly. After a time she has more
+or less undefined pains. It may be an occasional headache, or backache,
+or she may have various severe neuralgic twinges. She gets nervous and
+moody; her appetite is not good and she is troubled with constipation. A
+little later, the general condition growing worse, her nervous system
+suffers most. So she drifts into neurasthenia and has fits of crying and
+periods of melancholia. She is more irritable, more impatient, more
+dissatisfied with herself, her family, and her friends. She loses faith
+in herself, in the future, and even in her religion, and she may
+contemplate self-destruction.</p>
+
+<p>There are thousands and thousands of just such women in the world, and
+the pity is that many of them are mothers. It is surely self-evident
+that these women must be failures as efficient factors in many ways.</p>
+
+
+<h4>NEUROPATHIC ANCESTRY<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a></h4>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1151px;">
+<img src="images/image119-1.jpg" width="1151" height="608" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>From a first glance at the chart it would appear that Daniel was an
+accidental case of feeble-mindedness. His progenitors were, however,
+decidedly neuropathic. The presence of apoplexy, paralysis, alcoholism
+in a family should be watched for with vigilance because of their
+possible effect upon the nervous system of the offspring.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 1111px;">
+<img src="images/image119-2.jpg" width="1111" height="455" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Parents would do well to scrutinize the man who "led a fast life" before
+allowing him marry their daughter. The world would be shocked if it knew
+how many men with disease enter into conjugal relations. David's father
+had syphilis. David's feeble-mindedness was probably only one of the
+awful results.</p>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> "Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences," Goddard,
+The Macmillan Company.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_435" id="Page_435">[Pg 435]</a></span></p>
+<h4>AILING WOMEN ARE INEFFICIENT</h4>
+
+<p><b>First of All as Home-makers.</b>&mdash;No woman can possibly be expected to
+successfully conduct a home if she is not enjoying a reasonable degree
+of good health. A home inefficiently supervised is an instrument for
+evil. It engenders discord and discontent, and it is lacking in the
+spirit which is essential to the cultivation of good-fellowship and
+which encourages harmony.</p>
+
+<p><b>As Wife.</b>&mdash;Most men resent the burden and the discomfort and the expense
+of an ailing wife, no matter how well-intentioned they may be. It is a
+failing of the male species to be cursed with the inability to
+understand any type of nervousness in a wife. Being inexplicable to him
+he attributes the symptoms to an evil imagination or to a bad
+disposition. He believes he is being imposed upon and proceeds to resent
+it. Many homes are rendered permanently miserable and unhappy by a
+failure to comprehend the real source of the trouble and to apply the
+remedy. Being inefficient as a home-maker the wife is not able to carry
+out her part as housekeeper. The home atmosphere is wrecked, the husband
+seeks comfort and congenial fellowship elsewhere. His efficiency is
+compromised and his earning capacity interfered with.</p>
+
+<p><b>As Mother.</b>&mdash;Anyone familiar with the exacting obligations and
+responsibilities of motherhood can well appreciate that normal health is
+an essential requisite to its successful consummation. The success of
+motherhood depends upon the proper exercise of many diversified
+qualities, and those in turn primarily depend upon an adequate degree of
+physical fitness, otherwise failure is certain to ensue. A woman,
+therefore, cannot exercise her function of motherhood if she is a
+neurasthenic.</p>
+
+<p>Inasmuch as it has been proved that the regeneration of the race is
+dependent upon the maintenance of mentally and physically fit mothers,
+any condition that interferes with this standard is contrary to the
+eugenic requirement. Children sent out into the word unfit physically or
+morally are factors detrimental to the best interests of society and to
+their own progress and prosperity. A mother rendered incapable through
+sickness is, therefore, a menace to the home and to the eugenic promise.</p>
+
+<p><b>Few Ailing Women Become Pregnant.</b>&mdash;Nature fortunately seems to apprehend
+the true condition because few of these women become pregnant. This
+suggests an inquiry into the cause, or causes, underlying this
+unfortunate situation.</p>
+
+<p>Are women responsible for these ailments?<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[Pg 436]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Most married women whose health is broken down by some disease peculiar
+to their sex refer the commencement of their suffering to a confinement
+or premature birth. The large majority of those women whose health is
+affected, because of some "female weakness," suffer from a displacement,
+or malposition of the internal organs, and as this condition is most
+frequently a product of maternity, there would seem to be some
+reasonable degree of justification for the assumption that the wrecked
+health is the result of a legitimate physiological act, and consequently
+a natural phenomenon. This is not, however, altogether true. A
+displacement is not, under any circumstances, a natural process. It is
+the result of causes which are avoidable. Most of them are the penalties
+imposed by nature because of the infraction of her laws. We will not
+consider those causes which have their beginning in wrong methods of
+dress or conduct during the years prior to maternity. Many such cases
+exist, but they are too few in number to justify consideration at this
+time. They are frequent enough, however, to suggest to mothers that it
+is always wise to keep a close watch over the tendencies and conduct of
+their daughters.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Chief Cause of Female Diseases.</b>&mdash;When a woman has given birth to a
+child her womb begins to contract and in a very brief space of time will
+resume its normal position, provided nothing interferes with the
+process. Nature will do exactly what is right if she is permitted to
+work in her own way. In another part of this book I have explained why
+it takes time for the recently pregnant womb to contract to its normal
+size. There is a 600 per cent. increase in volume to be got rid of by
+absorption. This takes time and nature can not be hurried without
+"taking chances." This is just where the "cause" exists which we have
+been looking for. Women do take chances.</p>
+
+<p>Every woman should stay in bed for at least three weeks after
+confinement and should spend another three weeks convalescing before she
+assumes any domestic duty. This is a reasonable proposition when one
+considers the actual situation. There is an enormous amount<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_437" id="Page_437">[Pg 437]</a></span> of
+readjustment to be undertaken, and there is no way of hastening this
+process. There is, however, a way to assist nature and to prevent
+mistakes. That way is to remain in bed a sufficient length of time to
+allow proper contraction of the womb. While the ligaments and muscles
+are still lax, to not undertake any muscular effort that will overtax or
+overstrain them,&mdash;a condition that favors displacement by weakening the
+support of the womb. A woman cannot understand why she should stay in
+bed when she feels well enough to get up. It is, however, unjust to
+censure the sex on this account. I am convinced the fault lies with the
+medical profession who do not take time to explain, in language which a
+woman may understand, the important reasons why they should stay longer
+in bed despite the fact that they do feel well.</p>
+
+<p><b>The Existence of the Average Mother.</b>&mdash;In considering this subject it is
+necessary to give some serious thought to the domestic and financial
+circumstances of the thousands and thousands of average mothers. Every
+observing, thinking person knows that the average mother's existence is
+more or less of a never-ending tragedy. Physically, mentally, and
+spiritually, they are victims of unalterable economic and social
+exigencies. They are compelled, because of ignorance, to live an
+unsanitary and unhygienic existence. The care of home and children, and
+maybe the unappreciative and inconsiderate attention of a careless and
+vindictive husband, add to the incidental worries,&mdash;fraying her nerves
+and disposition,&mdash;of the ordinary routine of a cheerless, hopeless life.
+Add to this experience the enormous drain of frequent child bearing upon
+her vitality, and we have a picture with which every physician is
+familiar.</p>
+
+<p>Can such a woman possibly observe the essential rules of the hygiene of
+pregnancy? Has she the time and the means to build up her reserve energy
+and strength to competently undertake the duties of maternity or
+motherhood? Is she physically fit to give birth to a child? After it is
+all over can she devote the time to permit nature to do her share of the
+physical readjustment? Can she afford, or will she be permitted to
+remain<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_438" id="Page_438">[Pg 438]</a></span> in bed long enough to allow conditions to be favorable to
+getting up without "taking a chance"? Inasmuch as her muscular tone is
+poor, her strength depleted, her vitality wasted, her ambition and hope
+at a low ebb, nature should be given a longer time, under the most
+favorable hygienic and domestic conditions, to help in the problem of
+readjustment, because her whole future, as an efficient machine, as
+wife, as mother, as home-maker, and as an economic individuality, is
+dependent upon how this crisis is met. This is the most important
+problem which an enlightened civilization has before it. It is the
+supreme eugenic task, and it is the most pressing and the most vital
+question for statesmen to solve. No man can deny that the permanency of
+the state is dependent upon the function of motherhood, yet motherhood
+is conducted by unskilled labor&mdash;labor, the quality of which no business
+would tolerate. We also know that the health of the workman has become
+an economic problem. Capital finds that labor is of better quality, and
+consequently more remunerative in every sense, if the environment is
+conducive to happiness and health. Yet motherhood, the most important
+labor in the world, upon which the very existence of the state depends,
+in addition to being performed by unskilled labor, is undertaken by
+physically unfit and frequently unwilling laborers, in an environment
+which is a disgrace to civilization and which cannot be duplicated in
+the whole realm of the brute world. This is the quality of labor, the
+products of which constitute the state.</p>
+
+<p>If anyone is disposed to believe that this is an over-drawn picture, let
+him study the facts brought out in the recent patent medicine
+investigation. It was found that one small, unimportant, quack medical
+company had under treatment at one time (the day the government closed
+it up) 200,000 women, suffering exclusively from female diseases. How
+many similar cases must there be to support the large advertising
+concerns, whose tentacles reach to the remotest corners of the country
+and who limit their activity and cater to "diseases of women" only. Let
+him also give some thought to the fact that no specialty in the whole
+field of legitimate medical practice<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_439" id="Page_439">[Pg 439]</a></span> has grown with such enormous
+strides, or is as remunerative to the ordinary physician as the
+department of "diseases of women."</p>
+
+<p><b>Female Diseases Are Avoidable.</b>&mdash;If, as has been asserted, the great
+majority of these ailments are traceable to causes which are avoidable,
+what is the remedy? In one word it is "Enlightenment." We must educate
+the ordinary mother who is so busy over her wash tubs and babies that
+she has no time to seek information upon subject which she doesn't even
+know exist, who does not even know how to feed her baby as well as the
+scrubbiest cat does her kitten, who does not know what eugenics means
+and is interested in it even less. We must stop limiting our talks to
+theorizing in clubs and societies. We must carry the tidings to the
+firesides of those hundreds of thousands of women who would listen and
+act, but who do not know what to do or how to correct their faults.</p>
+
+<p>There is another feature of this subject which should be recalled in
+this connection. It has already been gone into in detail in the article
+on eugenics. There are many thousands of women who are compelled to
+fight the battle of life, upon whom an unjust disease has been grafted,
+which is sapping their strength and vitality, and which they do not
+appreciate or understand. Husbands infect wives unwittingly, wreck their
+constitutions, blast their hope of ever having a child, and then heap
+upon them abuse for an inability for which they are themselves directly
+responsible. Many homes are desecrated in this way and the real culprit
+is never suspected. Many women, who begin their married life under the
+most auspicious conditions so far as physical fitness or temperamental
+quality is concerned, have their health, and happiness, and success
+utterly ruined, and after spending a miserable, wretched existence, have
+their hope of maternity forever blasted on the operating table. The
+story of "the wife" has never been told. It is God's riddle.</p>
+
+<p><b>Women Who Don't Want Children.</b>&mdash;Sometimes the woman is at fault. Many
+young wives begin married life with the intention of not having a child
+for a year<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_440" id="Page_440">[Pg 440]</a></span> or two. They don't want to be tied down too soon. They want
+some fun themselves. They are willing to become the legal mistress of a
+man, but they are not willing to assume the responsibilities of married
+life. It is difficult to understand the ethics of this type of morality.
+I have always given these young wives credit with simply not knowing
+what they were doing. Either their education or their common sense is
+lamentably deficient, or what is still worse, their mother was the wrong
+kind of a woman. If these unfortunate young wives have no regard for the
+cultivation of a good conscience, they should at least have some regard
+for their own health. From a purely selfish standpoint,&mdash;the standpoint
+of efficiency and success,&mdash;one would imagine these women would be
+unwilling to risk their whole future physical welfare on the chance of
+immunity&mdash;and it is a small chance.</p>
+
+<p><b>Abuse of the Procreative Function.</b>&mdash;In order to carry out this
+programme, various means are brought into requisition. In many cases I
+have known the wife has compelled the husband to wear devices which
+rendered conception impossible. This is a highly reprehensible
+procedure. If continued for any length of time it will seriously affect
+the husband's nervous system and general health, as this act is simply a
+form of self-abuse. Any husband who will tolerate such imposition is
+beginning married life wrong. He will pay a high price for his
+complacency. Any woman who suggests or acquiesces in such an arrangement
+is a moral degenerate and is absolutely unworthy of ever becoming a
+mother.</p>
+
+<p>Some women buy expensive and fantastic syringes and proceed to abuse
+themselves with strong antiseptic solutions. This will result in killing
+the sensitiveness of the terminal nerves and end in depriving themselves
+of the pleasure with which a wise Providence endowed the procreative
+act. If the element of sexual incompetency enters the home of a young
+couple, it is the beginning of the end and each chapter of the story
+will be a worse hell than the one just ended. The wise husband will see
+that its cause will not be tolerated or begun in his family.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_441" id="Page_441">[Pg 441]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>If pregnancy should unwittingly occur they do not hesitate to adopt
+drastic means to "bring themselves around." They will procure some
+prescription which may have gone the rounds as a "marvel" but which
+always fortunately fails when they need it most. Thus they subject their
+system to the shock of violent medication and lay up for themselves in
+the future untold miseries. If these means fail, they go to "a woman
+whom they know" who "brings them around." If these young wives only knew
+what they were doing they could not be bought at any price to submit to
+such surgical tragedies. The least probable result will be that when the
+time arrives and circumstances are opportune to have a baby, and when it
+is their dearest wish to be a mother, they will discover that they no
+longer possess the ability to conceive. Many homes have been rendered
+childless in just this way. You cannot violate the laws of nature
+without paying the penalty in some way, and it is usually a sad
+reckoning.</p>
+
+<p><b>What the Woman With Female Disease Should Do.</b>&mdash;To those wives who are
+suffering with "female weakness," or who are in poor health without
+apparent or known cause, I would strongly advise a visit to their family
+physician or to an expert in diseases of women. Tell him exactly how you
+feel and submit to a thorough examination. Most of the diseases of women
+are readily curable, and if treated right all the symptoms which have
+rendered life miserable will disappear. It may be stated with the
+strongest emphasis, however, that no treatment from an advertising
+concern, or any patent medicine ever made, will in any sense cure any of
+these ailments. Every cent invested in any of these nostrums is money
+wasted. Medicine by the mouth is never necessary to affect a cure of the
+actual ailment. A physician will doubtless prescribe a tonic for your
+general rundown condition. But even this would totally fail if the cause
+of the ill health was not removed, and this necessitates an examination
+and special local treatment. For any advertising concern to assert that
+it can tell what ails a patient by simply filling out a symptom blank is
+utter nonsense. It is worse. It is obtaining money under<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_442" id="Page_442">[Pg 442]</a></span> false
+pretenses, and should be punishable by imprisonment at hard labor for a
+long term.</p>
+
+
+<h4>CANCER IN WOMEN</h4>
+
+<p>My only object in referring to this disease is to direct the attention
+of women to its symptoms.</p>
+
+<p>The only cure for cancer at the present time is the knife. If the
+disease can be reached it can be cured, if taken in hand early.</p>
+
+<p>In women, cancer occurs most frequently in the breast and in the womb.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cancer of the Breast.</b>&mdash;Of all the tumors which affect the breast, cancer
+is the most frequent. Any tumor in the breast of a woman forty years of
+age or more is quite likely to be a cancer. A tumor (or lump) which has
+remained small for years and then begins to grow rapidly has changed its
+type and become cancerous. Many such tumors change in this way during
+the "change of life." Any tumor of the breast, at any age, which remains
+despite effort to dissipate it should be removed by operation. A
+physician is not justified in assuring a woman that a lump in the breast
+is harmless. It should be cut into and examined to positively decide its
+character. Early operation of tumors of the breast has greatly reduced
+the percentage of deaths from cancer.</p>
+
+<p><b>Cancer of the Womb.</b>&mdash;Occasional slight hemorrhages becoming more
+frequent, and later more abundant and offensive, constitute one of the
+first symptoms of cancer of the womb. Between the actual bleedings there
+is a discharge resembling dish-water. This discharge has a foul odor.
+Pain is as a rule a late symptom. Sometimes a severe pain extending into
+the hip or abdomen is an early symptom but it is very infrequent. Every
+woman over thirty who has a persistent leucorrhea, or any irregularity
+of the menstrual function, should be examined for cancer.</p>
+
+<p><b>What Every Woman Should Know About Cancer.</b>&mdash;Inasmuch as cancer is
+curable if taken early, every woman should take steps to be on the safe
+side.</p>
+
+<p>If cancer is not taken early, it is certain death. A<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_443" id="Page_443">[Pg 443]</a></span> very large number
+die who could have been saved.</p>
+
+<p>Every lump in the breast should be positively diagnosed by cutting into
+it and examining it. It would be safer to remove every tumor of the
+breast at an early date.</p>
+
+<p>Any discharge from the privates of a woman which has a bad or foul odor
+is suspicious; any irregular bleeding is more than suspicious. Any woman
+having these symptoms should be examined by a competent physician. Every
+woman over thirty-five years of age should be examined by a physician
+every six months. No woman should enter the change of life without a
+very thorough examination. Cancer is a disease which does not permit
+"taking a chance" with. It is far better to be certain, since it is
+curable if caught early, than to find out about it when too late,
+because, "too late" means death.</p>
+
+
+<h4>"CHANGE OF LIFE." THE MENOPAUSE</h4>
+
+<p>The average period of life during which a woman menstruates is from
+thirty to thirty-two years. When this period is about to expire she
+enters what is termed the "change of life," or the menopause, or the
+climacteric.</p>
+
+<p>The average age at which "change of life" occurs in this country is
+about the forty-sixth year. It may normally occur, however, at any time
+between the fortieth and fiftieth year. There are cases on record when
+it has occurred earlier than the fortieth and later than the fiftieth
+year. When menstruation in a girl begins early, the menopause occurs
+late. On the other hand, if a girl does not have her regular monthly
+periods until she is older than usual,&mdash;about the eighteenth or
+twentieth year,&mdash;the "change of life" will set in at a very early age.
+Women who are victims of certain exhausting diseases, as, consumption,
+Bright's disease of the kidney, diabetes, or whose health is poor
+because of general physical debility from any cause, or who have had a
+large number of children in rapid succession, enter the "change of life"
+earlier than they otherwise would if their health was good. In women who
+are excessively fat the menopause is apt to occur at an early age. On<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_444" id="Page_444">[Pg 444]</a></span>
+the other hand disease of the generative organs, or the presence of
+tumors of the womb may retard the process. Women in the higher walk of
+life, those living in cities those who do not labor or exercise
+sufficiently will enter this period at an earlier date than those who
+live in the country, who work and are physically more healthy.</p>
+
+<p><b>Symptoms of "Change of Life."</b>&mdash;When the menopause begins, the monthly
+periods are less profuse, the flow is scanty. As the months pass,
+menstruation becomes less and less until it ceases entirely. In a
+certain number of cases it stops abruptly and never appears again.
+Sometimes a period misses altogether, or a number of periods are passed
+over without any sign of menstruation, after which it may reappear
+either as a scanty flow, or as a profuse discharge. This may be followed
+for a number of months by irregular appearances of the menstrual
+phenomenon and then by its total cessation.</p>
+
+<p>These may be the only symptoms or signs of the "change of life," and
+this is the normal state if the health is good. It cannot, however, be
+said that this is the average experience. Unfortunately the women of the
+present time do not live lives which conduce to robust health at this
+period of life. We find as a rule that the general health is below par.
+So they suffer from headache, "flushes," digestive disturbances, and
+many nervous symptoms which appear to be directly caused by the process
+through which they are passing. The "flushes" are disagreeable
+experiences. They consist of a feeling of heat which spreads over the
+entire body as if the blood was rushing to the surface and to the head.
+These flushes are followed by sweating and chilly sensations. The
+nervous symptoms may be quite marked. The woman loses her interest in
+the daily happenings. She may have mental vagaries, she is irritable and
+often melancholy and periods of seeming insanity may occur.</p>
+
+<p><b>Importance of a Correct Diagnosis.</b>&mdash;It is a mistake to attribute every
+symptom a woman may have at this time of life to the menopause. She is
+just as liable to develop conditions at this time, which she would at
+any age, and which have no relation to the "change of life." Every
+symptom should, therefore, be carefully investigated,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_445" id="Page_445">[Pg 445]</a></span> because serious
+conditions may complicate the menopause, and if attributed to it and
+neglected, may end disastrously.</p>
+
+<p>During the "change of life," the generative organs become smaller or, as
+it has been termed, "dry up." The breasts also are involved in the
+shrinking process. It is quite a common experience for women to "lay on"
+fat, to become "flabby," at this age.</p>
+
+<p>It is important that women should become familiar with the ordinary
+symptoms of the "change of life," in order that they may be constantly
+on guard against conditions that may indicate danger. Medical
+investigation has conclusively proved that many women lose their lives
+because they regarded the presence of certain symptoms as common to the
+"change of life." There is a tendency to disease at this time which must
+be intelligently considered, and if women are not posted to note unusual
+signs or symptoms they may neglect or ignore them, only to find when too
+late that these signs and symptoms were no part of the "change of life."</p>
+
+<p><b>The Danger Signals of the Change of Life.</b>&mdash;There are certain "danger
+signals" which should warn every woman that something is amiss, these
+are:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>(1) Profuse bleeding during the process of the "change."</p>
+
+<p>(2) Bleeding occurring between the regular menstrual periods.</p>
+
+<p>(3) The reappearance of slight bleedings or hemorrhages after
+menstruation has ceased for a number of months.</p>
+
+<p>These symptoms are always suggestive of the presence of conditions that
+should not exist. They may indicate cancer, or some less serious
+condition that is amenable to cure by prompt and efficient treatment.
+Inasmuch as they may mean the beginning of cancer,&mdash;as explained in the
+preceding chapter on cancer, and which should be read in this
+connection,&mdash;immediate steps should be taken to find out the actual
+facts. Delay means death if it is cancer, while the most recent
+statistics show that in many cases a complete cure is possible if the
+surgeon gets the case early.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_446" id="Page_446">[Pg 446]</a></span></p>
+
+<p><b>Conduct During "Change of Life."</b>&mdash;When a woman enters the "change of
+life" she is approaching a crisis that demands the most conscientious
+attention on her own part, and the sincerest consideration by all around
+her. She has reached the time of life when she owes herself something,
+and if she is wise she will willingly pay the debt. If she is not in
+good health she must make every effort to regain it promptly, even if
+radical measures must be employed in doing so. Nothing will contribute
+to her mental and physical comfort more than robust health during this
+period.</p>
+
+<p>She must employ every hygienic measure that experience has taught us
+contributes to our well being. She must live an outdoor life as much as
+possible, taking sufficient exercise to keep the muscles and bodily
+functions in good condition. If she cannot exercise enough she should
+sit out of doors, dressed in seasonable clothing, and she should make up
+the deficiency in exercise by employing a competent masseuse. A thorough
+massage twice a week is sufficient. If her physician recommends an
+occasional Turkish bath it is a desirable aid as it helps the skin to
+throw off any excess of waste matter that may be circulating in the
+blood.</p>
+
+<p>The home environment of these women should be congenial, and they should
+be relieved of the work and worry incident to domestic life. The nervous
+condition demands this degree of consideration, and the husband should
+make it his business to see that the wife, who has toiled to aid him
+during all the long years of married companionship, is accorded every
+possible help through the most trying and important period of her life.
+It is not to be understood, however, that she should be left without
+occupation. It is possible to indulge in congenial work which will
+occupy her time and attention without overtaxing her strength or fraying
+her nerves. A certain amount of amusement is desirable, and helps to
+tide over periods that might lag and encourage introspection and worry.
+An entire change of scenery and surroundings. A visit to the seashore or
+to the mountains is to be commended.</p>
+
+<p>During this period the diet should be simple and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_447" id="Page_447">[Pg 447]</a></span> bowels should be
+kept open regularly. Inasmuch as these patients frequently suffer from
+digestive disturbances, it is wise to refrain from those articles of
+diet that ordinarily cause indigestion. Such articles are, sweet dishes,
+pies, pastries, candies, fresh bread, fried food, sugars, and the
+relishes and seasoning extras which constitute the et ceteras of the
+table. Meat should never be taken to excess, alcohol and all stimulants
+are to be avoided. Water may be taken freely to advantage.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_449" id="Page_449">[Pg 449]</a></span></p>
+<h2>THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL</h2>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_451" id="Page_451">[Pg 451]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXX</h2>
+
+<h3>THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>What Mothers Should Know About the Patent Medicine
+Evil&mdash;Tonics&mdash;Used by Temperance People Because it Could
+"Stimulate"&mdash;Stomach Bitters&mdash;Blood
+Bitters&mdash;Sarsaparilla&mdash;Celery Compounds&mdash;Malt Whisky&mdash;Headache
+Remedies&mdash;Pain Powders&mdash;Anti-headache Powders&mdash;Headache
+Powders&mdash;Soothing Syrups&mdash;Baby's Friends&mdash;Catarrh
+Powders&mdash;Kidney Pills&mdash;Expectorant&mdash;Cough Syrup&mdash;Lithia
+Waters&mdash;Health, Wealth and Happiness for a Dollar a Bottle&mdash;New
+Discovery for Consumption&mdash;Consumption Cure&mdash;Cancer
+Cures&mdash;Pills for Pale People&mdash;Elixir of Life.</p></div>
+
+
+<h4>WHAT MOTHERS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL</h4>
+
+<p>Much has been written about the patent medicine evil during the past few
+years. One very thorough crusade has been instituted and efficiently
+carried through, exposing the evils of the patent medicine business.
+Whatever legislation is in force to-day which has for its object the
+regulation of the evil, is largely a product of that crusade.
+Notwithstanding these efforts, it is a fact that scarcely any of the
+great majority who should be interested in the subject, because they are
+its victims, have any knowledge of the nature or extent of the evil, or
+appreciate its far-reaching and pernicious influence. For two reasons I
+regard it as peculiarly fitting, that the subject should be given
+adequate consideration in this book:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>First, because mothers should be told the whole truth about all
+conditions that have any influence on the health of the members of the
+home.</p>
+
+<p>Second, because though we are the victims of many evils and many forms
+of "graft," which directly or indirectly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_452" id="Page_452">[Pg 452]</a></span> affect our pockets and our
+morals, we submit to them because they have no bearing on the physical
+well-being of the race. As mothers, however, and as the conservers of
+the fitness of the family and the home, we are directly and rightly
+interested in an evil which deeply affects the health and the efficiency
+of members of the family as the patent medicine evil does. It is through
+the mothers of the race that this enemy of the home must be finally and
+completely overthrown. If every mother in the land could be taught to
+understand even a fraction of the truth of the insidious wrong hidden
+under the mask of the nostrum advertisement, we would witness a
+righteous resentment that could only be satisfied by legislative
+enactment that would wipe out forever the whole infamous business. No
+spasmodic or localized effort will ever succeed against this public
+enemy. Its very strength is the people whom it dupes and despises,
+because they supply the money with which the patent medicine combine
+fights its battles.</p>
+
+<p>It has been estimated that three hundred millions of dollars are spent
+annually on patent medicines and fake medical cures in the United
+States. Three hundred million dollars fraudulently obtained every year,
+mostly from the poor, is surely a subject deserving of honest and
+careful consideration.</p>
+
+<p>The pure food and drug act compelled the manufacturers of patent
+medicines to publish the formul&aelig; of their remedies on their labels. This
+is a big step in the right direction. Many States have helped the
+propaganda in one way or another, but much remains to be done. When the
+formul&aelig; were demanded it was discovered that all nostrums belonged to a
+certain class. For example it was found that the soothing syrups&mdash;which
+are fed to babies&mdash;all contained opium in some form, or an equally
+dangerous drug. The headache remedies were all dangerous, every one of
+them containing ingredients which affect the heart seriously. The
+so-called tonics owed their chief virtue to their stimulating effect,
+which was due to the alcohol they contained and which in many instances
+practically equaled ordinary whisky in quality, quantity, and effect.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_453" id="Page_453">[Pg 453]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>It has been authoritatively stated that more alcohol is consumed in this
+country in patent medicines than is dispensed in a legal way by licensed
+liquor venders, barring the sale of ales and beer.</p>
+
+<p>Many so-called remedies were found to contain absolutely no medication
+at all. They were simply sugar, or starch, or some harmless substance.
+But they were being sold to cure anything from kidney disease to cancer.
+It was an astonishing revelation and in a way it showed how far men will
+go to attain financial success.</p>
+
+<p>A well-known tonic was at the time of the investigation one of the most
+prominent proprietary nostrums in the country. The actual cost including
+bottle, label, contents, and packing is between fifteen and eighteen
+cents. It costs in the drug store $1.00 per bottle. It was found to
+contain alcohol and water and a pinch of burnt sugar for coloring
+purposes, and one-half of one per cent. of mild drugs. It was claimed
+that it would cure all or any of the diseases listed in the book, and
+that list practically includes all the ills of man. It is within the
+limits of truth to assert that this tonic, though advertised as a
+medicine, was largely in demand as a stimulant and intoxicant,&mdash;just as
+a certain famous malt whisky is to-day. Voluminous evidence is on record
+wherein it is shown that it was used in enormous quantities as a
+stimulant, in exactly the same way as ordinary whisky is used. The dose
+of any medicine is, as a rule, seldom over a tablespoonful three or four
+times a day. The average individual would imagine that there would be
+some risk attached to increasing the dose from a tablespoonful to the
+contents of a large size bottle. The only risk was that the patient got
+a more profound and maybe a more satisfying "jag." In "no license" towns
+this tonic was bought by the druggists in gross lots and used
+exclusively for its intoxicating properties. In southern Ohio, and in
+the mountain districts of West Virginia the "&mdash;&mdash; jag" was a standard
+form of intoxication. In many Southern newspapers there appeared
+regularly advertised cures for the "&mdash;&mdash; habit," brought on by the use
+of this preparation,&mdash;and no doubt the cure was a stronger percentage of
+liquor as this scheme was frequently<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_454" id="Page_454">[Pg 454]</a></span> worked to steal the patients from
+one remedy to another.</p>
+
+<p>The following communication was sent out by the Department of the
+Interior, as a result of the alarming reports which were regularly
+reaching Washington regarding the prevalence of drunkenness among the
+Indians, despite the fact that "no liquor" was sold in these government
+reservations. The fact was that the Indians had discovered this pleasant
+tonic.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="center">DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR<br />
+
+Office of Indian Affairs.<br />
+
+Washington, D. C.<br />
+
+To Indian Agents and School Superintendents in charge of
+Agencies:</p>
+
+<p>In connection with this investigation, please give particular
+attention to the proprietary medicines and other compounds
+which the traders keep in stock, with special reference to the
+liability of their misuse by Indians on account of the alcohol
+which they contain. The sale of &mdash;&mdash;, which is on the lists of
+several traders, is hereby absolutely prohibited. As a
+medicine, something else can be substituted; as an intoxicant,
+it has been found too tempting and effective....</p></div>
+
+<p>Mr. S. H. Adams in "The Great American Fraud" writes as follows: "The
+other reason why this or some other of its class is often the agency of
+drunkenness instead of whisky is that the drinker of it doesn't want to
+get drunk, at least she doesn't know that she wants to get drunk. I use
+the feminine pronoun advisedly, because the remedies of this class are
+largely supported by women. Several of the others of these well-known
+proprietary medicines depend for their popularity chiefly on their
+alcohol. One celery compound relieves depression and lack of vitality on
+the same principle that a cocktail does, and with the same necessity for
+repetition. I know an estimable lady from the Middle West who visited
+her dissipated brother in New York&mdash;dissipated from her point of view,
+because she was a pillar of the W. C. T. U., and he frequently took a
+cocktail before dinner and came back with it on his breath, whereon she
+would weep over<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_455" id="Page_455">[Pg 455]</a></span> him as one lost to hope. One day, in a mood of brutal
+exasperation, when he had not had his drink and was able to discern the
+flavor of her grief, he turned on her: 'I'll tell you what's the matter
+with you,' he said, 'You're drunk&mdash;maudlin drunk!'</p>
+
+<p>"She promptly and properly went into hysterics. The physician who
+attended diagnosed the case more politely, but to the same effect, and
+ascertained that she had consumed something like half a bottle of a
+certain swamp root that afternoon. Now, swamp root is a very creditable
+'booze,' but much weaker in alcohol than most of its class. The brother
+was greatly amused until he discovered, to his alarm, that his drink
+abhorring sister couldn't get along without her patent medicine bottle!
+She was in a fair way, quite innocently, of becoming a drunkard."</p>
+
+<p>Another famous stomach bitters was found to contain, according to an
+official State analysis, 44 per cent. of alcohol; another mixture
+contained 20 per cent. of alcohol; a certain blood bitters contained 25
+per cent. of alcohol; a sarsaparilla 26 per cent.; a celery compound 21
+per cent.; the malt whiskey is in this class and is a particularly
+obnoxious fraud, for it pretends to be a medicine and to relieve all
+kinds of lung and throat disease. It is especially favored by temperance
+people because in this way they get their "grog" in the guise of a
+medicine. It is sold in many places across the bar of saloons at 15
+cents per drink, as many other brands of rye and Bourbon whisky are
+sold.</p>
+
+<p>Think of treating any disease of the stomach with the famous stomach
+bitters containing 44 per cent. of alcohol,&mdash;just 6 per cent. less than
+the amount of alcohol in an ordinary bottle of whisky. Yet all of these
+patent medicines have made fortunes for their owners, some of them have
+made millions in a few years.</p>
+
+<p>A number of years ago a company with a keen vision for profits conceived
+the idea of bottling the water of the Great Lakes and selling it at
+almost champagne prices. When delivered to the druggist ready for sale
+the "remedy" contained 99 per cent. water, the other 1 per cent.
+consisting of a few drops of an inert acid, used simply<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_456" id="Page_456">[Pg 456]</a></span> to give it a
+slight tart taste. The preparation had absolutely no medical utility of
+any description.</p>
+
+<p>One of the greatest advertising crusades ever carried out in the
+interest of a patent medicine was inaugurated and in these
+advertisements it was claimed that it would cure:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class="poem"><div class="stanza">
+<span class="i0">Asthma,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bronchitis,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Coughs, Colds,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Cancer,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dyspepsia,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Fevers,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Hay Fever,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Leucorrhea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Piles, Quinsy,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Skin Diseases,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Throat Troubles,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Abscess,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Blood Poison,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Consumption,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Catarrh,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dandruff,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Gallstones,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Influenza,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Malaria,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Rheumatism,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tuberculosis,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Anemia,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Bowel Troubles,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Contagious Diseases,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Dysentery, Diarrhea,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Eczema, Erysipelas,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Goiter, Gout,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">La Grippe,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Neuralgia,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Scrofula,<br /></span>
+<span class="i0">Tumors, Ulcers,<br /></span>
+</div></div>
+
+<p>all diseases that begin with fever, inflammations, all catarrh, all
+contagious diseases, all the results of impure or poisoned blood. "In
+nervous diseases this remedy acts as a vitalizer, accomplishing what no
+drugs can do." These are the exact words of the advertisement. It ought
+to take a stronger vitalizer than water from the Great Lakes to induce
+anyone to believe such a story; and yet this company attained a
+remarkable success and had no difficulty in obtaining thousands of
+testimonials.</p>
+
+<p>We are certainly a nation of dupes, and Barnum's dictum, that "the
+public loves to be fooled," is literally true. In a number of instances
+the proprietor of a successful remedy has been asked under oath if his
+preparation had any curative value and he has refused to answer the
+question, while thousands of foolish people have sent him unsolicited
+testimonials asserting its remarkable merits as a cure in all kinds of
+conditions. Some of these ignorant people actually believe what they
+write, but most of them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_457" id="Page_457">[Pg 457]</a></span> write "to see their name in the paper," while
+many of them are paid for it.</p>
+
+<p>It was stated in the literature sent all over the country by this
+company that their remedy was really liquid oxygen. It would be nearer
+the truth to state that the moon was made of green cheese. The one
+assertion can be disproved, the other cannot with scientific exactness.
+Liquid oxygen practically does not exist. Assuming that it could be
+obtained in teaspoonful doses, and assuming that some dauntless
+individual made the attempt to take a dose, he would never swallow it
+for the reason that it would freeze his teeth, tongue, mouth, and
+throat, so that they would be useless to him for the remainder of his
+life. If by any miracle it could be swallowed, the undertaker would have
+to thaw him out over a stove in order to assure him a respectable
+burial. We may safely feel certain that the nostrum was not liquid
+oxygen. It is, however, a very fair sample of the foolish kind of lies
+which all of these nostrum venders employ,&mdash;they are after, and appeal
+only to the ignorant. I am informed that the directors of this company
+decided to retire as ordinary millionaires rather than risk the chance
+of developing nervous prostration, in which event they might have felt
+it somewhat disloyal not to have taken their own medicine.</p>
+
+<p><b>Headache Remedies.</b>&mdash;Most headache remedies are dangerous. The following
+are in this class; orange powders, bromo powders, pain powders, headache
+powders, anti-headache, and practically all headache powders or remedies
+sold in drug stores.</p>
+
+<p>Many deaths are on record from the use of orange powders and from
+others. There are many examples of what an unthinking individual may do
+to helpless little children.</p>
+
+<p>Orange powders were recommended for the cure of asthma, biliousness,
+headache, colds, catarrh, grip, diarrhea, hay fever, insomnia,
+neuralgia, seasickness, and sciatica. There is no known cure for a
+number of these diseases, and apart from the malicious assumption of the
+claim, orange powders will not cure any of them.</p>
+
+<p>Another dangerous headache nostrum, widely advertised all over the
+country, is responsible for many deaths<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_458" id="Page_458">[Pg 458]</a></span> as a result of its use. It is
+absolutely unsafe, as previously stated, to use any of these remedies.
+Death by heart failure is on the increase in this country and it may
+safely be attributed to the indiscriminate use of these powerful and
+toxic nostrums.</p>
+
+<p>The "soothing syrups" depend upon opium to effect their result. The
+drugging of helpless infants has been a source of profit to the vender
+of patent medicines for many years. A certain Baby Friend,&mdash;a touching
+name, and in which one would not expect to find an enemy in the guise of
+a deadly poison,&mdash;is a combination of sweetened water and morphine. This
+disgraceful mixture, considering the use for which it was designed,
+would be bad enough if it was the evil concoction of a man rendered
+irresponsible by a strenuous craving for blood-money, but to know that
+its proprietor is a woman seems beyond belief. I wonder if she would
+feel sufficiently respectable and decently clean enough to stand on the
+platform and face an audience of American mothers? I think not.</p>
+
+<p>Catarrh powders contain, as a rule, cocaine, one of the most insidious
+and dangerous of drugs. None of them cure catarrh, they simply relieve
+for the time being at the expense of injuring more vital parts. Their
+use also very frequently disposes the victim to postpone treatment that
+would be beneficial until too late. M&mdash;&mdash;'s Kidney Pills were said to
+cure Bright's disease, gravel, all urinary troubles and pain in the back
+or groins from kidney disease. Analysis showed them to consist of
+ordinary white sugar. They contained absolutely no medication, and yet
+they were freely sold to cure the above serious conditions. A famous
+expectorant and an equally famous cough syrup contain opium and when
+taken for the cure of cough are distinctly dangerous.</p>
+
+<p>It is foolish and unnecessary to name any other patent medicine in the
+list of those that are distinctly harmful and dangerous to use. There
+are hundreds of them. It would take a book of a thousand pages to give
+their names and write the data that have been obtained against them.
+Every advertised medicine should be absolutely avoided. I could fill
+this book with the death certificates of those<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_459" id="Page_459">[Pg 459]</a></span> who have died as a
+result of the indiscriminate use of advertised nostrums. It is an
+appalling record; the unfortunate part being that it is impossible to
+acquaint every citizen with the facts.</p>
+
+<p>Duplicity and misrepresentation are not confined to patent medicines.
+Even the mineral waters are misrepresented and lied about. A
+much-advertised lithia water, before the passage of the pure food and
+drugs act, was highly vaunted as a uric acid eliminant because of the
+lithia it was said to contain. Thousands, probably millions of gallons
+of it have been sold during the past twenty years, to people who could
+not very well afford to pay for it, because of this claim, despite the
+fact that it is well known that lithia is not a uric acid eliminant, and
+despite the additional important fact that the government analysis of
+this lithia water proved that it practically contained no lithia
+whatsoever. It is now being sold as an "alkaline diuretic." This claim
+is no better supported by facts than the former claim that it was a
+lithia water. Of course it is a diuretic, because water is the best
+diuretic we possess, but any ordinary pure water, which costs nothing,
+will just as effectually accomplish all that this lithia water could as
+a diuretic.</p>
+
+<p>It is a fact that the judgment of a sick person is not reliable. For
+this reason a physician never tries to treat himself when sick, nor will
+a physician treat any member of his family for much the same reason. His
+sentiment overrules his judgment and he cannot depend upon his
+decisions. An individual who is not well may be influenced by an
+irresponsible person, or by a clever, subtly worded advertisement, to
+use remedies that are not only dangerous in themselves, but which are
+wholly unsuited to the condition for which they are taken.</p>
+
+<p>Quite a common characteristic of sick people is unreasonableness. They
+become irritable and discouraged, and not being able to rely upon their
+own judgment they fail to render to themselves the degree of justice
+that is essential to peace of mind and a favorable convalescence. They
+may place themselves in the care of a reputable and thoroughly qualified
+physician, but if they do not observe distinct evidences of improvement
+within a very<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_460" id="Page_460">[Pg 460]</a></span> brief period they lose faith in him and change their
+doctor. They may do this a number of times, until finally they reach the
+conclusion that the entire medical profession is a fraud. They are then
+the legitimate victims of the patent medicine shark or the fake-curist.
+Probably ninety-nine per cent. of the victims of these parasites are
+obtained in this way. The statement often seen in testimonials to the
+effect, that "the best doctors failed to cure me," is not true in any
+instance. The truth is, that the individual failed to give the doctors
+the opportunity to cure him, and the reason he did not give them the
+chance was because they treated him as a man and as a human being, which
+he proved not to be. Had the first doctor he consulted adopted the
+tactics of the quack he would have cured him in a much shorter time.
+Instead of doing that, he told him the exact truth and charged him an
+ordinary office fee, while the quack told him lies and charged him a
+large sum of money to cure him. The latter gentleman, knowing the
+tendency to vacillate which these individuals have, ensured himself the
+time necessary to a cure by compelling him to pay the entire sum in
+advance, which is their universal custom. The patient, therefore, could
+not afford to change his doctor this time, and as time was all that was
+necessary to his cure, the wily and oily quack gets all the credit for
+effecting a cure, which "the best doctors could not accomplish." It is a
+simple game, and the explanation is just as simple, but there are those
+who will not see, and there are those who cannot be told.</p>
+
+<p>It is not simple justice, however, to blame these individuals
+altogether. We must keep in mind the irresolute judgment which is to a
+certain extent a product of the ill-health with which the patient
+suffers and the consequent easy tendency to be persuaded one way or
+another. The way in which these people are influenced is always the
+wrong way for the following reason. No person with any judgment or
+common sense or justice or sympathy would be fool enough or inhuman
+enough to give advice to a suffering sick man or woman as to what he or
+she should do or take. These individuals do not lack advice, however.
+There is always the pestering idiot around<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_461" id="Page_461">[Pg 461]</a></span> who knows exactly what
+should be done, and who does not hesitate to enter where an angel would
+fear to tread.</p>
+
+<p>In the columns of almost every newspaper one may find promises of
+health, wealth and happiness for a dollar a bottle. Even consumption has
+been vaunted as an easily curable disease by a hundred different
+nostrums, though the truth is that it is incurable by any known drug.
+Men who advertise these remedies are deliberately trafficking in human
+life, and they are thoroughly well aware of it. It is difficult to
+conceive of the type of manhood who would advertise a remedy as "The
+only sure cure for consumption in the world;" this was extensively done
+by the concern that put a certain "New Discovery for Consumption" on the
+market. Further announcement was made that "it strikes terror to the
+doctors," and that it was "the greatest discovery of the century." Every
+such assertion is a lie. It was found to be a mixture of morphine and
+chloroform. It is a wicked concoction to give to any human being in good
+health. To a consumptive it is admirably designed to shorten the life of
+anyone who will take it steadily in the hope of a cure. It certainly
+struck terror in the hearts of the doctors after its composition was
+known and when it was remembered to whom it was to be given.</p>
+
+<p>"Consumption Cure" was found to contain one of the most deadly of known
+poisons,&mdash;prussic acid. In a booklet which was sent out by the
+proprietors of a certain cough syrup the following contemptible
+assertion is made: "There is no case of hoarseness, cough, asthma,
+bronchitis, or consumption that cannot be cured speedily by the proper
+use of this cough syrup." Such a cruel and dangerously fraudulent
+statement is absolutely inexplicable to any honest mind. Dr. &mdash;&mdash;'s
+---- pills for pale people, were advertised to cure paralysis. They were
+found to be made of green vitriol, starch and sugar.</p>
+
+<p>Those who bought these nostrums not only wasted their money, but they
+threw away any chance of relief they have, by failing to adopt the
+proper treatment until it was too late.</p>
+
+<p>In directing the attention of mothers to the evil of the patent medicine
+business it is my earnest hope that they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_462" id="Page_462">[Pg 462]</a></span> will give to the subject
+something more than a mere passing interest. To an intelligent
+individual no lengthy argument,&mdash;other than the recital of such facts as
+are given in this article,&mdash;is necessary to prove that it is an evil
+which is deserving of the most serious consideration.</p>
+
+<p>The business is one that appeals only to the ignorant. This is a plain
+and probably a harsh assertion, nevertheless it is absolutely the simple
+truth. The language and the reasoning of the nostrum vender are not
+designed to appeal to the trained, educated mind, or to an individual
+possessing innate common sense. Even though the average person is
+unacquainted with the constituents of a remedy that apparently enjoys a
+large success, the absurd claims made for it should safeguard them
+against its use. Few would have purchased ordinary water at $1.00 a
+bottle had they known what they were buying. But an individual with any
+reasoning ability or ordinary common sense, should have been sceptical
+regarding the merits of any remedy that was claimed to "cure," among
+other diseases, consumption, cancer, rheumatism, malaria, gallstones,
+asthma, blood poison, dandruff, and all contagious diseases. It would be
+impossible to conceive a more mendacious and absurd claim, and it would
+be impossible to concoct a more impertinently foolish assumption than to
+assume that such a claim would receive the consideration of a sane mind.</p>
+
+<p>Unfortunately, however, we are compelled to recognize that there are
+some curious people in the world, people whose reasoning methods are
+inexplicable, whose conclusions are not based upon any system of ethics
+or of logic. They believe what they choose to believe, irrespective of
+the quality of the testimony which may be advanced to refute their
+belief. The following incident illustrates this peculiar perversity: A
+woman patient of mine suffered from an obstinate and harassing cough.
+Though her general health was rather poor, her lungs were not affected.
+The cough persisted in spite of all efforts of specialists to alleviate
+it. The nervous condition of the patient, and an unusually long spell of
+inclement March weather, were directly responsible for the intractable
+character of the ailment. I advised her to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_463" id="Page_463">[Pg 463]</a></span> visit Florida. This advice
+was given because her parents were then residing in that State. She did
+go to Florida and her husband informed me a few weeks later that she was
+entirely free from the cough and was enjoying good health. A number of
+months later, shortly after her return home, I was called to attend her
+husband. During the conversation incident to the call, she asked if I
+"knew what cured her awful cough." Somewhat amazed, I replied,
+"Certainly, Florida." She answered, with positive emphasis, "No, sir,
+Florida did not." I then asked her to please explain the mystery and was
+regaled with the following interesting information:</p>
+
+<p>A few days after she reached Florida she met a woman&mdash;one of those
+irresponsible individuals who meander through life giving free advice
+upon subjects which they know nothing about, who talk eruptively and
+voluminously because talking is an easily acquired habit. This
+particular missionary of evil immediately confided to her the secret of
+her life, how she was made a well woman and cured wholly of all physical
+ills. She told her there was a man in Kansas who had discovered a
+liquid, which, if dropped into the eye twice daily, would cure any
+disease afflicting any member of the human family. This exuberant spider
+induced her victim to enter her parlor where she convinced her at her
+leisure that she was preaching the gospel. The result was that our
+friend sent to Kansas for the "Elixir of Life." Meantime the climate of
+Florida was doing its work. But just at this psychological moment the
+"elixir" arrived. Two drops of the precious liquid were, with due
+solemnity and deliberation, instilled into her eye and in a few days her
+cough began to mend. It would have been waste of time to have asked if
+she really believed the drops to be responsible for her cure. She spoke
+with the enthusiastic conviction of a disciple of a worthier cause. I
+inquired if she possessed any literature explaining the method of cure,
+and she presented me with the printed matter which is sent with the
+bottle. I told her I would look it over and tell her what I thought of
+it later.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Message of Facts</i>, which was the title of the newspaper, (it was
+printed like a newspaper and of the size<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_464" id="Page_464">[Pg 464]</a></span> of an ordinary paper),
+contained complete information regarding the "wonderful remedy" and its
+discoverer. He assumed the title of Professor and candidly admitted that
+he had been arrested a number of times for practicing medicine without a
+license. He asserted that the reason of his numerous arrests was because
+the medical profession in the State of Kansas, being jealous of his
+success instigated a course of insistent persecution against him. He
+further asserted that he offered to sell his discovery to the State, but
+the State refused to purchase it, consequently he had to go on
+practicing to earn a living. With reference to his method of treatment
+he stated:</p>
+
+<p>"Despite the fact that medical men are too unfair and too prejudiced to
+accord Professor &mdash;&mdash; the credit he has justly earned, there is no
+getting away from the plain truth, that the great scientist has
+originated a method of conquering human ills that has completely
+revolutionized the long-cherished theories of the medical schools."</p>
+
+<p>And further, "... being the discoverer of my system and the only man in
+the world practicing it, and having all cures and no cases of injury as
+my record shows ..."</p>
+
+<p>Note that, in the first quotation, he asserts that his methods have
+revolutionized the old-time theories. This would surely imply that the
+medical schools, having been compelled to note his successful ways, were
+compelled likewise to change their theories and teach his way of curing
+disease. Despite this strong and robust assertion he states, in the
+second quotation, that he is the only man in the world practicing his
+methods. Evidently he did not revolutionize to any very great extent.</p>
+
+<p>He claimed to be able to cure any human ill, and particularly emphasized
+his ability to cure consumption, Bright's disease, diabetes, epilepsy,
+asthma, stomach troubles, nervous prostration, blindness, female
+diseases, paralysis, heart and kidney diseases.</p>
+
+<p>He, of course, does not state the nature of his remedy. It consists of a
+liquid which is dropped into the eye, and the procedure is the same, no
+matter what disease afflicts the patient. It is not essential to write
+at length his explanation of the way in which this "marvelous
+discovery"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_465" id="Page_465">[Pg 465]</a></span> effects its cures. Suffice it to say, that it is a tissue of
+anatomical and physiological misrepresentation. He admittedly is
+uneducated and possesses absolutely no knowledge of even elementary
+medicine. His explanation is, therefore, to a medical mind, a ludicrous
+and an absurd attempt to tell what he does not understand. Of course,
+his explanation is not supposed to fall into the hands of a physician,
+and to a lay person, who understands as little as he does, it sounds all
+right. We must again fall back on the foolish claims he makes and on the
+basis of common sense we fail to understand how anyone can believe such
+stuff. Yet the woman who firmly believes that her cough was cured by
+this man has enthusiastically recommended the nostrum to a number of
+other women who have various ailments, all of whom are using it under
+her experienced instructions.</p>
+
+<p>This is a very good illustration of how these impostors and charlatans
+succeed. This woman was approached at the psychological moment and was
+influenced to buy. It did not necessarily have to be these drops. It
+might just as well have been any other patent medicine, or any fake
+cure. It would have worked just the same for the reason that it was the
+climate of Florida that did the work. It is absurd to devote time even
+to consider the probability of the drops having aided in the cure. This
+man's whole scheme is a fake, pure and simple. No part of it has any
+merit. In other words, his remedy is no remedy at all, it is simply the
+mildest, ordinary eye wash, which may be bought in any drug store for
+ten cents. He charges $5.00, but think of the story he writes, think of
+the promises he gives and the claims he makes, and the paper he
+prints,&mdash;these all cost money and time and labor, and you must pay for
+them. And I know a woman who is putting these drops in her eye twice
+daily in the hope of correcting a displaced womb. Could the brain of the
+most facile weaver of romance conceive a more utterly absurd and pitiful
+condition of affairs than that an adult human being should be guilty of
+doing what an intelligent ant would not do under any circumstances?</p>
+
+<p>When the "professor" claims that he refuses to "give up" his secret
+unless the State of Kansas adequately remunerates<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_466" id="Page_466">[Pg 466]</a></span> him for it, which, of
+course, it rightly refuses to do&mdash;he demonstrates how absolutely devoid
+of horse sense he is. No man with a "cure" for consumption&mdash;without
+mentioning the many other equally remunerative "cures" which this wizard
+owns, and which may be appended to the consumption "cure" just as the
+side-shows journey in the wake of the big circus&mdash;need waste his
+precious time dickering with the unappreciative State of Kansas. If his
+"cure" is anywhere near twenty-four carat gold he can own the State of
+Kansas and he may add another one to it for good measure. Any man
+capable of doing one-thousandth part of what this wily "professor"
+claims to be able to do, would make so much money that it would
+embarrass him all the rest of his life. One of his claims is that he can
+cure epilepsy. If he could cure epilepsy he wouldn't be allowed to stay
+twenty-four hours in the State of Kansas. Every civilized country on the
+face of the earth would bid for his services as an economic necessity
+because as an investment he would be cheap at any price.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_467" id="Page_467">[Pg 467]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXI</h2>
+
+<h3>THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL&mdash;Continued</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The &mdash;&mdash; Consumption Cure&mdash;Personals to Consumptives&mdash;Nature's
+Creation&mdash;Female Weakness Cures&mdash;Various Compounds and Malt
+Whiskies.</p></div>
+
+
+<h4>FRAUDULENT TESTIMONIALS</h4>
+
+<p>It would indeed seem to be an act of supererogation to compile further
+evidence of the infamy of this entire business: what additional proof is
+necessary?</p>
+
+<p>A certain Dr. H. of &mdash;&mdash;, Mich., published widely the following
+advertisement:</p>
+
+<p>"Gains 17 Pounds After Every One Gave Her Up.</p>
+
+<p>"Miss I&mdash;&mdash; S&mdash;&mdash; had a terrible case of consumption, together with
+catarrh and bronchitis. With this terrible complication, given up to
+die, she took the H&mdash;&mdash; treatment. She is now cured."</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Dear Doctor: I have been gaining rapidly. Have gained 17
+pounds; weigh 150 pounds now and am getting quite strong, too.
+I wish you could see me. You would be surprised. I look just
+fine. Everybody says they never thought I would get well. I
+can't thank you enough for it. I am feeling just fine, so I
+will close.</p></div>
+
+<p>
+<span style="margin-left: 10em;">Yours truly,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 14em;">Miss I&mdash;&mdash; S&mdash;&mdash;.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+<p>The above testimonial reads quite convincing and doubtless was the means
+of influencing many other unfortunate victims to put themselves under
+the "professional" care of Dr. H&mdash;&mdash;. Investigation, however, revealed
+the fact that this optimistic young lady died shortly after giving the
+testimonial and that her death was, according to the transcript of her
+certificate of death issued by the State of Wisconsin, due to
+"consumption." The testimonial therefore cannot possibly have any value
+under the circumstances. Unfortunately, however, this doctor does not
+publish the death certificate with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_468" id="Page_468">[Pg 468]</a></span> testimonial, which latter he
+continued to use after her death.</p>
+
+<p>After an exhaustive inquiry into the personality and business of the
+above mentioned M. D., the <i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i>
+said:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>First. The H&mdash;&mdash; consumption cure is chiefly owned and
+controlled by men whose only qualification for treating disease
+is that they are business men financially interested in other
+medical fakes.</p>
+
+<p>Second. The claims made in the advertisements, either directly
+or by implication, that these "remedies" will "cure"
+consumption are cruel and heartless falsehoods.</p>
+
+<p>Third. The methods employed to capture victims, by means of
+speciously worded circular letters disguised as personal
+communications, are an imposition, if not an actual fraud, on
+the ignorant and credulous.</p>
+
+<p>Fourth. The drugs sent out by this concern as a "trial
+treatment" are worthless as a cure for consumption.</p>
+
+<p>Fifth. In printing endorsements of himself, which this M.D.
+received from ministers of the gospel, he grossly abused the
+confidence of men who did not know the use to which their
+letters were to be put.</p>
+
+<p>Sixth. The testimonials from physicians which he publishes have
+been shown to emanate in some cases from men who themselves are
+employed in exploiting medical fakes.</p>
+
+<p>Seventh. The claim he makes of being a graduate of Edinburgh
+University has been shown to be as false as the claims made for
+the nostrum he exploits.</p>
+
+<p>Can a much more disgraceful business than the various
+"consumption cure" humbugs be imagined? Founded on fraud,
+maintained by deceit, perpetuated by falsehood&mdash;the sick are
+exploited to pay dividends on corporate quackery. How much
+longer will this outrage on the unfortunate victims of the
+White Plague be tolerated? If not for humanitarian reasons,
+then for its own protection, at least, society should demand
+that such cruel frauds be suppressed. Their existence is a
+menace to public health and a disgrace to modern civilization.</p></div>
+
+<p>Many fraudulent nostrums are advertised as blind advertisements in the
+"Personal" columns of the daily press. The following recently appeared
+in the "Personal" columns of papers all over the country:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>PERSONAL&mdash;TO CONSUMPTIVES: I possess information which cost me
+a fortune, and feel that I should let every consumptive know
+about my experience. Mrs. R., Ohio.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_469" id="Page_469">[Pg 469]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>To those who answered this advertisement was sent a letter written on
+pale blue stationery, such as is used for social correspondence, with
+the initials &mdash;. R. embossed, monogram style, in gilt on the paper and
+envelope, signed "Mrs. &mdash;. R." It is asserted in this letter that the
+writer has cured herself "in defiance of the world's scientists," by the
+discovery of "a combination of certain roots and herbs." As a
+consequence of having made this discovery, and after spending a fortune
+in the quest of a cure according to the advertisement, we are informed
+that "I am now devoting my life to saving others." According to further
+information, her effort is apparently successful, because she "finds it
+impossible to attend personally to the multitude of inquiries with which
+she is favored." She finds it necessary, therefore, "to refer your
+letter to my secretary, Mr. C&mdash;&mdash;, from whom you will no doubt hear
+soon." The secretary is very evidently on the job, "for in the next mail
+there is delivered a letter from the &mdash;&mdash; Company, signed H. W. C&mdash;&mdash;,
+Sec'y."</p>
+
+<p>We can estimate the degree of Mrs. R.'s solicitude for the welfare of
+the race when we learn that the same concern was engaged in exploiting a
+syphilis "cure" in Chicago a few years ago. In all probability the cure
+is the same for both diseases. It is difficult to tell of which disease
+it was that Mrs. R. cured herself.</p>
+
+<p>Among the testimonials published by this concern in its booklet are
+quite a number in which the statement is made, frequently in glowing
+terms, that the writer has been "cured" of consumption by &mdash;&mdash;. A few of
+these were investigated and in every instance the writer died of
+consumption. This mixture is, in the strongest terms that can be used, a
+fake, a fraud, and is not a "cure" for consumption, as, of course, every
+intelligent person knows.</p>
+
+<h4>TO CONSUMPTIVES.</h4>
+
+<div class="blockquot">The undersigned having been restored to health by simple means,
+after suffering for several years with a severe lung affection,
+and that dread disease Consumption, is anxious to make known to
+his fellow sufferers the means of cure. To those who desire it,
+he will cheerfully send (free of charge),<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_470" id="Page_470">[Pg 470]</a></span> a copy of the
+prescription used, which they will find a sure cure for
+Consumption, Asthma, Catarrh, Bronchitis, and all throat and
+lung maladies. He hopes all sufferers will try his remedy, as
+it is invaluable. Those desiring the prescription which will
+cost them nothing, and may prove a blessing, will please
+address Rev. &mdash;&mdash; W., &mdash;&mdash;, N. Y.</div>
+
+<p>A reply to this advertisement brought the information that the Rev.
+W&mdash;&mdash; contracted tuberculosis while in charge of a church in Maine, and
+after trying various treatments was finally cured by "a famous Dr.
+C&mdash;&mdash;, of Paris, France." It was now his intention to "devote his life"
+to aid suffering humanity, in a spirit of thankfulness, by giving away,
+free of all charge, a copy of the famous prescription.</p>
+
+<p>Investigation proved that the Rev. E. A. W&mdash;&mdash; did not exist,
+consequently he never had a church in Maine, nor did he contract
+tuberculosis, or consult Dr. C&mdash;&mdash;, of Paris. The individual who
+conducted the business was really one C. A. A&mdash;&mdash;, who, it is to be
+inferred, conceived the whole fake. The scheme was a simple one. When
+the prescription was received it was discovered that the ingredients
+were not known to the drug trade and it was necessary to send to Mr.
+A&mdash;&mdash; for a supply before it could be tested. The literature sent with
+the prescription was of such a character that the average ignorant
+sufferer from consumption, hoping against hope for a "cure," fell into
+the trap and sent the money for a trial shipment.</p>
+
+
+<h4>"FEMALE WEAKNESS" CURES</h4>
+
+<p>Dr. D&mdash;&mdash;'s "&mdash;&mdash; Compound": This nostrum is sold to relieve the pain of
+child-birth. It is surely not necessary to state that it will not
+relieve the pains of child-birth, nor will any drug or drugs ever do so.
+The irresponsible group of quacks who claim to have solved the problem
+of "painless child-birth" through the use of various "compound's" hardly
+merit the consideration of ordinary individuals. It is almost impossible
+to believe that a man would print over his name such a puerile or
+fantastic story as the following. Dr. D&mdash;&mdash; asserts that the value of
+his compound is proved because a certain woman patient tells how, after
+losing her first child, she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_471" id="Page_471">[Pg 471]</a></span> had a vision. A "white-robed angel"
+appeared, who, after speaking to her in beautiful language, said, "Go,
+sister, and seek freedom and peace in the use of &mdash;&mdash; Compound and in
+following the teachings of that book."</p>
+
+<p>The book is entitled "Painless Child-Birth," it sells for $2.00 and it
+simply extols, in unnecessary flowery language, the merits of the
+compound.</p>
+
+<p>If we heard such stories in every-day life we would smile credulously at
+our informant and doubt his sanity, but in a patent medicine
+advertisement we expect to read of miracles and we almost hope to be
+told of impossible happenings. The more glaringly false and silly they
+seem to be, the more they seem to exert their subtle hypnotic influence
+on anyone whose physical or mental temperament lends itself to the
+appeal.</p>
+
+<p>This compound "speedily cures all derangements and irregularities of the
+menstrual function, congestion, inflammation, ulceration and
+displacement of the womb, and other things too numerous to mention." It
+is claimed that it is made of the purest and most carefully selected
+herbs which can be obtained. If, however, one picked up two handfuls of
+dried leaves in the woods and put them in a package, the average man
+could not distinguish between such rakings and "Dr. D&mdash;&mdash;'s
+&mdash;&mdash; Compound" at $1.00 a package.</p>
+
+<p>The <i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i> in commenting on this
+fake, states:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&mdash;&mdash; Compound is, in short, but one more of the innumerable
+cure-alls on the market in which discarded, unrecognized or
+useless drugs are pressed into service and invested with
+miraculous virtues. What shall be said of men who prey on
+pregnant women? Who create in the mind of the expectant mother
+the fear of untold agonies and then offer immunity to these
+supposititious tortures at the price of their worthless
+nostrums? Who, with the help of such publications as will
+accept their lying advertisements, do more to encourage
+abortion than even the professional abortionists themselves?
+There seems to be but one remedy: Speed the time when in their
+acceptance of advertising those publishers who fail to
+recognize decency as a moral obligation may be forced by public
+opinion to recognize its value as a business proposition.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_472" id="Page_472">[Pg 472]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The C. B. M. Remedy Company: In a small town in Indiana there is a
+"lady" who has been spending a fortune in giving medical treatment
+absolutely free to suffering women. The letters, literature, and
+advertisements by implication lead one to suppose that a woman is in
+charge of the business of this concern. The advertisements have a
+picture of a lady giving away packages of medicine. The business was
+conducted by one F. D. M. The name of his wife was simply used as an
+advertising asset; the idea, of course, being that a woman would be more
+willing to write to a business concern telling of her private illnesses
+if she understood that she was confiding in a woman than she would if
+under the impression that her letter would be read by a man. This is an
+old scheme which was employed by others for many years with great
+success.</p>
+
+<p>M. himself is not a physician and is in no way qualified to give advice
+to these women who write in response to the advertisements detailing
+their symptoms and telling of their troubles. Investigation showed that
+the medicine was compounded by the clerks and stenographers in the
+employ of the company, and that all communications were answered by form
+letters. It did not matter what ailed the patient, the treatment was the
+same.</p>
+
+<p>The claims made by this concern for their remedy, and they had only one,
+were along the usual line&mdash;everything they could think about which has a
+remote connection with the specialty in which they were
+interested&mdash;leucorrhea, ulceration, displacement or falling of the womb,
+profuse, scanty or painful periods, uterine or ovarian tumors or
+growths, and piles from any cause, no matter of how long standing; also
+pains in the back head and bowels, bearing down feelings, nervousness,
+creeping feeling up the spine, melancholy, desire to cry, hot flushes,
+weariness, uterine cancers in their earlier stages.</p>
+
+<p>Analysis of the remedy showed it to be a combination of two weak,
+commonly used drugs, one a very mild antiseptic and the other a mild
+astringent. These were held together with cocoa butter into which a drop
+of carbolic acid may have been put. There is nothing unusual<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_473" id="Page_473">[Pg 473]</a></span> in the
+combination, nor has it any wonderful qualities which would justify the
+claims made in behalf of it. The remedy contains nothing which could
+under any circumstances effect the removal of cancers, fibroid growths,
+or polypi, or which is capable of radically relieving laceration of the
+womb due to child-birth.</p>
+
+<p>The following is one of the specious appeals which this meretricious
+concern sent to the ailing women of America:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Mrs. M. receives more mail than any other woman in the state.</p>
+
+<p>How would you like to receive so much mail that it would be
+necessary to use a grindstone in order to open the letters as
+fast as they come in. This is the way Mrs. C. B. M. opens her
+mail. She gets tons of mail, and to save time has the letters
+opened by a large grindstone, which occupies a conspicuous
+place in her office. No other person in Indiana receives so
+much mail as she.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. M.'s aid and advice is as free to you as God's sunshine or
+the air you breathe. She is always glad to lend her assistance
+to every suffering woman, and she is a generous, good woman,
+who has suffered herself as you suffer, and she wants to prove
+to you that her common sense home treatment will cure you just
+as surely as it cured her years ago in her humble cottage
+before riches and fame came to her.</p>
+
+<p>If you are a sufferer from any female trouble, no matter what
+it is, send the coupon below to Mrs. C. B. M. at once.</p>
+
+<p>I am a woman with all a woman's hopes and fears. I have known
+what it is to be sick in body and mind. Sick in a way that I
+couldn't bring myself to explain to a man, even though he were
+my physician, and I am thankful beyond the power of words to
+express that I have been given the power to extend to you, my
+sisters, the priceless boon of relief from the burden of pain
+and suffering.</p>
+
+<p>I only pray that this little book may be the means of saving
+some woman from years of such agony as only a woman can know.</p>
+
+<p>I dedicate this book to you.</p>
+
+
+<h4>WOMEN'S DISEASES</h4>
+
+<p>I doubt if you can realize the full meaning of these two little
+words. I, who come in contact with the pitiful wrecks of
+womanhood wrought by female complaints, know, as I hope you
+will never know, what shattered lives and broken hearts they
+cause.</p>
+
+<p>Only a sensitive woman can realize how hard it is to bring<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_474" id="Page_474">[Pg 474]</a></span>
+one's self to undergo the ordeal of examination and treatment
+by a physician.</p></div>
+
+<p>Every letter sent out by this concern was signed, "Mrs. C. B. M." All
+literature, every booklet, and every advertisement was ingeniously and
+seductively "built up" to convey by implication the impression that the
+business was conducted by a woman, and hence the inference followed in
+the minds of the simple, trusting victims, that they were writing their
+secrets, to be read by one of their own sex, and that this woman was
+professionally qualified and temperamentally capable of giving competent
+advice and adequate treatment.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing was further from the truth. It was simply a trick, a fraudulent,
+venal imposition. Mrs. C. B. M. herself admitted that she had absolutely
+nothing to do with the conduct of the business, nor did her previous
+experience in any way fit her to give advice in such matters. Her
+husband established the business under the name of the &mdash;&mdash; Medicine
+Company, and continued under this name until after his marriage, when it
+was reorganized and incorporated in his wife's name. Benefiting by the
+experience of similar concerns, he then used his wife's name simply as a
+business asset. How capably and efficiently he utilized this opportunity
+is shown in the beguiling literature he sent out as the above quotation
+amply demonstrates.</p>
+
+<p>Think of a man writing, "I am a woman with all a woman's hopes and
+fears,"&mdash;and then proceeding to play, with consummate skill, upon the
+sensibility and credulity of a sick and neurasthenic woman. It is a
+round-about way to reach the public pocketbook, but experience has
+taught these harpies that it is an eminently successful method. Mr. M.
+himself admitted that the gross receipts from the business were in
+excess of $100,000 a year, and that 200,000 people were taking treatment
+from this concern at one time.</p>
+
+<p>Mention has been made of a certain famous compound&mdash;which has been
+characterized by a well-known authority on drug addictions as "a
+dangerous drug used largely by drinkers." For 23 years after the death
+of the woman<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_475" id="Page_475">[Pg 475]</a></span> founder, &mdash;&mdash; and &mdash;&mdash;, the owners of the concern,
+advertised, inviting women to "write to L. P. for advice in regard to
+their complaints, and being a woman"&mdash;though a dead one&mdash;"it was easy,
+for her ailing sisters to pour into her ears every detail of their
+suffering."</p>
+
+<p>The advertisement as generally printed runs:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>No physician in the world has had such a training, or has such
+an amount of information at hand to assist in the treatment of
+all kinds of female ills.</p>
+
+<p>This, therefore, is the reason why Mrs. L&mdash;&mdash; P&mdash;&mdash;, in her
+laboratory at &mdash;&mdash;, Mass., is able to do more for the ailing
+women of America than the family physician. Any woman,
+therefore, is responsible for her own suffering who will not
+take the trouble to write to Mrs. P&mdash;&mdash; for advice.</p></div>
+
+<p>Does any woman need any further evidence of the fraudulent intent of
+such concerns? Keep in mind also that this particular remedy is
+exclusively recommended for "the diseases of women," and contains enough
+alcohol to render its users victims of the alcoholic habit.</p>
+
+
+<h4>MEDICINE CONCERN RUN BY WOMEN</h4>
+
+<p>Dr. D&mdash;&mdash; runs a mail order business in another town in Indiana. Her
+specialty is "diseases of women." The business is really owned by W. M.
+G&mdash;&mdash;, a dealer in teas, coffees, etc. In the advertisements of the
+concern Dr. D&mdash;&mdash; emphasizes the fact that she is "a woman&mdash;a wife&mdash;a
+mother&mdash;a successful physician&mdash;a specialist on diseases of women." In
+many places in the literature of the company the "vast experience" of
+Dr. D&mdash;&mdash; is intentionally elaborated.</p>
+
+<p>"Her vast experience as a physician is only one of the qualifications
+she possesses...."</p>
+
+<p>"Her training and vast experience as a physician enables her to do more
+for suffering women than any woman can who is not a physician...."</p>
+
+<p>"During several years of active life as a general practitioner she
+acquired a vast amount of valuable experience that very few ever
+possess...."</p>
+
+<p>These three quotations emphatically assert that Dr. D. has had "vast"
+experience "as a general practitioner."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_476" id="Page_476">[Pg 476]</a></span> Where did she get this
+experience as a general practitioner? Inasmuch as she graduated as a
+physician in 1907 and was licensed to practice in 1908, and as the
+"&mdash;&mdash; D&mdash;&mdash; Company" was chartered in 1908 and began active business
+then, we ask again, where did she get her "vast experience?"</p>
+
+<p>The following letter, sent by Dr. D&mdash;&mdash; to one of her prospective
+patients, gives a general idea of how the "game" is worked. These
+letters are "form" letters, printed by the thousand, though they are
+intended to convey the impression that they are personal&mdash;the patient's
+name being inserted. It will be observed that Dr. D&mdash;&mdash;has acquired the
+specious and oily art of the quack, and the seductive diction of those
+who live by their wits:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Dear Friend: Since it is your misfortune to be afflicted, I am
+glad you wrote to me, because I sincerely believe that I can
+completely cure you if you take my treatment now. Realizing the
+serious nature of your condition, I at once arranged to give
+your case my prompt personal attention.</p>
+
+<p>After years of success in curing practically every form of
+woman's ills, I am devoting my life to my sister women. Being a
+woman and a mother, I know your every ache and pain and
+sympathize with you as only a woman can. As a physician, as a
+specialist in diseases of women I know the causes of your
+trouble and the most scientific method of curing you quickly.
+Since you have in me a sympathetic friend as well as a
+physician I trust you will read carefully my plan for your
+complete recovery.</p>
+
+<p>A careful diagnosis of your case shows you have Female
+Weakness.</p>
+
+<p>I have mailed a copy of my book, "Diseases of Women and Home
+Medical Guide." Be sure to read a description of your condition
+on pages 25-47.</p>
+
+<p>As requested I have mailed you a free trial of my successful
+treatment. It is bound to help you and you should take it at
+once according to my directions enclosed herewith. The free
+medicines will last you for three days and are suited to your
+condition, but you should not expect them to cure you. Some of
+the ingredients contained in the remedies you need are very
+costly and I cannot afford to give you enough of these
+medicines to completely cure you.</p>
+
+<p>Your case seems to be of long standing and you really should
+have a Complete Course of Treatment at once if you are to be
+completely cured. As I want to do everything possible for you I
+have prepared a Special Course of Treatment for you and am
+sending it, postage paid, in the same package with the free
+remedies.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_477" id="Page_477">[Pg 477]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Please remember that the free remedies are yours to take at
+once without charge or obligation, but if you use the Special
+Treatment I shall expect you to send me $3 for it. You need not
+feel under obligation to me to accept the Special Course, but I
+know it is just what you need and need NOW, so I feel sure your
+good judgment will cause you to accept it at your earliest
+convenience. By sending now I save you some time and ...</p></div>
+
+<p>Dr. G. M. B., of &mdash;&mdash;, Mo., advertises to cure deafness, catarrh, asthma
+and head noises. He offers to send two months' medicine free to prove
+his ability to cure. In reply to inquiry he practically informs every
+applicant that his case is so bad that there is no use of sending the
+two months' treatment. In order to effect a cure in "your case" it is
+necessary for you to take the regular treatment. He accepts the chance
+that the literature and the testimonials accompanying his letter will
+influence the victim to bite. Inasmuch as he admits that his income is
+about $5,000 per month and that he gets three hundred letters every day,
+it may be assumed that he knows his business.</p>
+
+<p>It is not necessary to go into details regarding his methods. The
+following summary of his business was made by the district attorney who
+investigated it:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I find that the business is being conducted through the post
+office at &mdash;&mdash;, Mo., under the names of Dr. &mdash;&mdash; Remedy Company
+and Dr. J. M. B&mdash;&mdash;, and is a scheme and device for obtaining
+money through the mails by means of false and fraudulent
+pretenses, representations and promises, and I therefore
+recommend that a fraud order be issued prohibiting the delivery
+of mail and the payment of money orders to such addresses.</p></div>
+
+<p>A certain "pure" malt whiskey is advertised as:</p>
+
+<p>"A reliable all-round household remedy."</p>
+
+<p>"It should be in every family medicine chest."</p>
+
+<p>"It is manufactured for the purpose of supplying the profession and
+public in general with a reliable tonic and stimulant."</p>
+
+<p>"It is a recognized specific to enrich the blood and build body and
+muscle, and in the prevention and relief of coughs, colds and stomach
+troubles it has no equal."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_478" id="Page_478">[Pg 478]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Previous to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act it was advertised
+in the following terms:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="center">BEST SPRING TONIC.</p>
+
+<p>DOCTORS OF ALL SCHOOLS AGREE THAT THE BEST TONIC-STIMULANT TO
+BUILD UP THE SYSTEM, RUN DOWN AND WEAKENED BY THE LONG STRAIN
+OF WINTER, AND TO DRIVE OUT SPRING FEVER AND MALARIA IS &mdash;&mdash;'S
+MALT WHISKEY.</p>
+
+<p>As a tonic and stimulant it is the greatest strength-giver
+known to science. It destroys disease germs and by its building
+and healing properties restores tissues in a gradual, healthy,
+natural manner. It is a wonderful specific in the treatment and
+cure of consumption, pneumonia, grippe, bronchitis, coughs,
+colds, malaria, low fevers, stomach troubles, and all wasting,
+weakened, diseased conditions, if taken in time.</p>
+
+<p>It is recognized as the world's leading medicine everywhere.</p></div>
+
+<p>By a decision of the Supreme Court of the State of New York this "pure"
+malt whiskey has been declared a liquor. It is simply a sweetened
+whisky. To advertise it as a CURE for consumption or as a cure for any
+disease was malicious, and should be punishable by a long term in
+prison. It would be possible to take every statement of the above
+advertisement and prove each one to be false.</p>
+
+<p>This "pure" malt whiskey is a favorite "booze" of so-called temperance
+people. Since it is advertised as a medicine, they can get drunk from
+its use and still be "temperance" advocates. One of the favorite methods
+of advertising the product was to draw the public's attention to the
+fact that</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="center">CLERGYMEN ENDORSE MALT WHISKY</p>
+
+<p>DISTINGUISHED DIVINES AND TEMPERANCE WORKERS WHO HAVE spent
+their lives in uplifting their fallen brethren and placing
+their feet upon the solid rock use and recommend &mdash;&mdash;'s pure
+malt whisky. Honored and respected preachers of the gospel and
+advocates of temperance, without regard to creed or prejudice,
+make<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_479" id="Page_479">[Pg 479]</a></span> frank and outspoken statements of what &mdash;&mdash;'s pure malt
+whisky has done for them.</p></div>
+
+<p>Then follow the testimonials and the photographs of three aged and
+inert-looking preachers.</p>
+
+<p>It made an impressive advertisement, as most nostrum "ads" are, because,
+unfortunately, the art of the liar is best expressed in the superlative
+degree. His word-pictures are therefore more lurid, more diversified,
+more romantic. But when they are investigated and the facts brought to
+light the advertisement falls to pieces. For example, compare the actual
+facts relative to the three "distinguished divines" with the fiction in
+the following advertisement:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Rev.&mdash;&mdash; D&mdash;&mdash;, over 82 years of age, practised medicine
+for many years, when he moved west. He became a minister and
+did preach for ten years in the State of Wyoming. He then
+retired from the pulpit and opened a marriage bureau. He
+received $10.00 when he gave his testimonial "to get his
+picture taken."</p>
+
+<p>The Rev. &mdash;&mdash; H&mdash;&mdash; occupied the pulpit of the Church of
+Eternal Hope of B&mdash;&mdash;, Pa. He retired to enter politics a
+number of years ago, and is now a deputy Internal Revenue
+collector. He is a spiritualist. He owned race horses and was a
+patron of the turf.</p>
+
+<p>The Rev. McL&mdash;&mdash; lived in G&mdash;&mdash;, Mich. There are 893 people in
+the township and it is not even on the railroad line. Mr.
+McL&mdash;&mdash; was allowed to resign from the fellowship after being
+called to trial for endorsing &mdash;&mdash;'s pure malt whisky.</p></div>
+
+<p>If these three gentlemen were brought on the stage of any city
+vaudeville theater and introduced as distinguished divines it would be
+regarded as a joke&mdash;which it really is. If we relegate our
+"distinguished divines" to marriage bureaus, or the race track, or to
+the Internal Revenue service, or to preach to flocks in townships of
+less than one thousand and not on the railroad, the outlook for the
+ministerial profession is far from encouraging. To tell us that these
+men spent their lives "in uplifting their fallen brethren" is imposing
+upon the good nature of one's audience. It is simply one more evidence
+added to the long list already noted that one does not readily acquire
+the habit of expecting to read the truth in a patent medicine
+advertisement. Rather<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_480" id="Page_480">[Pg 480]</a></span> the reverse. We examine them in expectant
+curiosity to note their unique and devilish ability to tell picturesque
+falsehoods.</p>
+
+<p>Certain famous pills are advertised extensively in Great Britain and in
+the United States. It is claimed by the manufacturers that they are
+"composed entirely of medicinal herbs" and that they will "cure"
+constipation, pains in the back, cold chills, bad legs, maladies of
+indiscretion, kidney and urinary disorders&mdash;and several other things.</p>
+
+<p>These pills were analyzed by the British Medical Association's chemists,
+who reported that they consisted of ginger, soap, and aloes. Where the
+"medicinal herbs" were it was hard to say.</p>
+
+<p>In large and lurid letters we are informed in the advertisements that
+these pills are "worth a guinea ($5.00) a box." The retail price is 27
+cents a box. The British Medical Association's chemist states that the
+cost of these pills is one-quarter of a cent per box. Quite a fair
+margin of profit considering the high cost of living these days!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_481" id="Page_481">[Pg 481]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL&mdash;Continued</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>Patent Medicine Firms and Quacks Dispose of the Confidential
+Letters Sent to Them&mdash;Patent Medicine Concerns and Letter
+Brokers&mdash;The Patent Medicine Conspiracy Against the Freedom of
+the Press&mdash;How The Patent Medicine Trust Crushes Honest Effort.</p></div>
+
+
+<h4>HOW QUACKS DISPOSE OF THE CONFIDENTIAL LETTERS SENT TO THEM</h4>
+
+<p>When you write for information&mdash;which is usually the first step&mdash;in
+reply to an advertisement of this character, you receive in reply a
+letter, which addresses you in an intimate way, as, "Dear or Esteemed
+Friend." It informs you that "we are devoting our lives in the interest
+of suffering humanity," and requests you to waste no time in writing a
+full account of your symptoms and sickness; that such information will
+be sacredly regarded as confidential and filed away from the prying eyes
+of everyone except the "doctor" who reads it.</p>
+
+<p>Every art is used to give the writer the impression that she is doing
+business with responsible and reputable people; that what she writes
+about her health, her affairs, and her person, are to be read by an
+experienced medical adviser and by no other. The truth, as we have
+shown, is that she writes her secrets to a man, who is not even a
+physician, who in turn passes the letter over to be answered by an
+office clerk.</p>
+
+<p>When the fake doctor, or the patent medicine man, has exhausted his
+"jollying" tactics, his lies, and his promises, and he can no longer
+induce the victim to send more money, he sells the victim's letters to
+another quack in the same business. These harpies, knowing what ails the
+individual, begin sending her their specious and insinuating literature.
+The woman reads, becomes interested, and, having bitten before,
+concludes to try<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_482" id="Page_482">[Pg 482]</a></span> once again, and so the story goes&mdash;one after another
+trying to drain the life-blood of an ailing, irresponsible foolish
+woman.</p>
+
+<p>The selling of letters has become a business, so much so that there are
+regularly established medical letter brokers from whom you can buy these
+letters by the thousands. In a single medical letter broker's office in
+New York City there are upwards of seven million of these confidential
+letters for sale to the highest bidders. This incidentally gives one a
+slight idea of the tremendous business this is, and of the hundreds of
+thousands of dupes and victims there have been.</p>
+
+<p>The following extracts are taken from a well-known woman's journal,
+which at various times has been interested in this subject, and are of
+special interest in this connection:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>One of the most disgusting and disgraceful features of the
+patent medicine business is the marketing of letters sent by
+patients to patent medicine firms. Correspondence is solicited
+by these firms under the seal of sacred confidence. When the
+concern is unable to do further business with a patient it
+disposes of the patient's correspondence to a letter broker,
+who, in turn, disposes of it to other patent medicine concerns
+at the rate of half a cent for each letter.</p>
+
+<p>One of these brokers assured the writer that he could give me
+"choice lots" of "medical female letters." ... Let me now give
+you, from the printed lists of these letter brokers, some idea
+of the way in which these "sacred confidential" letters are
+hawked about the country. Here are a few samples, all that are
+really printable:</p>
+
+<p>55,000 "Female Complaint Letters" is the sum total of one item,
+and the list gives the names of the "medicine company" or the
+"medical institute" to whom they were addressed. Here is a
+barter then, in 55,000 letters of a private nature, each one of
+which, the writer was told, and had a right to expect, would be
+regarded as "sacredly confidential" by the doctor or concern to
+whom she had been deluded into telling her private ailments.
+Yet here they are for half a cent each!</p>
+
+<p>Another batch of some 47,000 letters addressed to five
+"doctors" and "institutes" is emphasized because they were
+written by women! A third batch is:</p>
+
+<p>44,000 "Bust Developer Letters,"&mdash;letters which one man in a
+patent medicine concern told me were "the richest sort of
+reading you could get hold of."</p>
+
+<p>A still further lot offers: 40,000 "Women's Regulator
+Letters,"&mdash;letters<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_483" id="Page_483">[Pg 483]</a></span> which in their context any woman can
+naturally imagine would be of the most delicate nature. Still,
+the fact remains, here they are for sale.</p>
+
+<p>Is not this contemptible?</p>
+
+<p>In the same article is exposed the inhuman greed of patent
+medicine concerns that turn into cold cash the letters of
+patients afflicted with the most vital diseases.</p>
+
+<p>To quote again: "All these are made the subject of public
+barter. Here are offered for sale, for example: 7,000 Paralysis
+Letters; 9,000 Narcotic Letters; 52,000 Consumption Letters;
+3,000 Cancer Letters, and even 65,000 Deaf Letters. Of diseases
+of the most private nature one is offered here nearly 100,000
+letters,&mdash;letters the very classification of which makes a
+sensitive person shudder."</p></div>
+
+<p>The deeper one delves below the surface of this business the nastier it
+gets. It is impossible to conceive of vipers and sharks being endowed
+with more contemptible and brutish qualities than those which
+characterize the vultures of the patent medicine and quack medical
+concerns.</p>
+
+
+<h4>THE PATENT MEDICINE CONSPIRACY AGAINST THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS</h4>
+
+<p>It is estimated that the newspapers of the United States get about
+$100,000,000 per year from the advertisements of patent medicines and
+fake medical concerns.</p>
+
+<p>There is an association composed of the manufacturers of patent
+medicines and the owners of advertising medical concerns. It was
+primarily formed for the single purpose of strictly looking after the
+"interests" of those concerned.</p>
+
+<p>If we concede, as we must concede if we study the facts, the whole
+medical advertising business to be disreputable, dishonorable and
+unjust, in that it is detrimental to the health and welfare of the race,
+the only protection it could possibly need would be protection against
+any movement which had for its object the interest of the people who are
+its victims. This is exactly the key to the workings of the P. A. of
+America. When one begins to know something about the patent medicine
+evil, his sense of justice immediately asks why "something"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_484" id="Page_484">[Pg 484]</a></span> has not
+been done to crush it. When the reader understands more about this
+octopus, he will learn that its tentacles are far-reaching and that it
+has a mysterious and efficient way of crushing in its incipiency any
+embryo movement directed against it. It would be a long story to give
+the facts in detail&mdash;they are all a matter of record&mdash;the easiest way to
+explain the procedure is to give an illustration of how the machinery is
+worked.</p>
+
+<p>Let us suppose a Congressman conceives the idea of introducing a bill in
+Congress to compel newspapers to refuse advertising matter that is
+obviously false and that misrepresents facts, and cites, as an example,
+a patent medicine advertisement. The agent or lobbyist of the
+association in Washington immediately telegraphs the intent of the bill
+with the name of its author to the home office of the association. The
+gentleman in charge of the executive department of the home office looks
+up the facts regarding the political connections of the Congressman,
+wires to the papers published in his district suggesting to them the
+advisability of using their influence to change the Congressman's
+opinion. The newspapers do as they are bid (though there are a few who
+have refused to do this kind of work, but only a few); they may intimate
+to him that he is committing political suicide, or they may adopt other
+tactics. The result, however, is that the representative usually sees
+the point and permits his bill to die in committee. The quacks are not
+satisfied with this single effort to ensure the death of the bill. The
+matter is taken up with other Congressmen through their home papers; the
+whole machinery of the system is set in motion. Their attention is
+called to the bill. They are told that the public does not demand such
+legislation, and that, if this bill passes, it will deprive of many
+thousands of dollars for advertising the papers which are friendly
+toward the political future of the particular Congressman in question.
+The facts are thus brought to the attention of many Congressmen. They
+see the point also. It suggests to them that they will do well not to
+trample on this monster or they may suffer themselves. Thus are the
+people deprived of what might have been a great step forward<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_485" id="Page_485">[Pg 485]</a></span> in the
+fight for pure food and drugs and, incidentally, in the preservation of
+the public health.</p>
+
+<p>One may pertinently ask why the newspapers lend themselves to such
+infamous and dishonorable dealings. The answer is that, inasmuch as they
+derive a very large part of their total income from patent medicine
+advertisements and as these advertisements are contracted for under
+certain conditions, it can readily be seen that they are made a party to
+crushing legislation which would interfere with the patent medicine
+business.</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>It is agreed in case any law or laws are enacted, either State
+or national, harmful to the interest of the &mdash;&mdash; Company, that
+this contract may be cancelled by them from date of such
+enactment, and the insertions made paid for pro rata with the
+contract price.</p></div>
+
+<p>There is another feature of the contract that is of the utmost
+significance and importance to the mothers of the race. It is the only
+instance we know of which effectually muzzles the public press. This
+part of the contract reads as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>It is agreed that the &mdash;&mdash; Company may cancel this contract,...
+in case any matter otherwise detrimental to the &mdash;&mdash; Company's
+interest is permitted to appear in the reading columns or
+elsewhere in the paper.</p></div>
+
+<p>This means that the newspapers bind themselves, under contract, not to
+print any matter in their reading columns which would be detrimental to
+the interests of the patent medicine manufacturers. Under the same
+stipulation they cannot even accept matter to be paid for, if it in any
+way reflects upon the patent medicine business. In other words, the
+sovereign people, whose servant the public press should be, is, under
+this contract, deprived of its rights of representation in the columns
+of the daily newspapers.</p>
+
+<p>The grave significance of this condition of affairs will be adequately
+appreciated when it is remembered that every popular movement to right
+public wrongs must have the fullest publicity or the effort is doomed to
+failure. The patent medicine business has been shown to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_486" id="Page_486">[Pg 486]</a></span> be a
+monstrously evil institution, yet every effort to enlist the public
+press in an effort to arouse the necessary degree of indignation which
+precedes every public demand for the righting of a wrong has failed,
+because, "it is agreed that the &mdash;&mdash; Company may cancel this contract in
+case any matter otherwise detrimental to the &mdash;&mdash; Company's interest is
+permitted to appear in the reading columns or elsewhere in the paper."</p>
+
+<p>There is another feature of this ugly business which is of the deepest
+interest to women. The patent medicine territory is the whole country.
+It is a large, profitable field. A movement was once started by certain
+reputable New York physicians, who were deeply interested in this
+question, to discover a means to aid the class who buy patent medicines
+and support the fake medical concerns. It was thought that if an
+advertising propaganda was instituted, offering to give legitimate and
+adequate medical advice, at the lowest possible cost, there would be
+many who would avail themselves of the opportunity. The following
+advertisement was prepared and given out for publication, with the
+result that it could not be advantageously placed:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="center">RELIABLE MEDICAL ADVICE.</p>
+
+<p>Government investigation of the PATENT MEDICINE BUSINESS and of
+the advertised MEDICAL CURE CONCERNS, has demonstrated that
+they are worthless and dangerous; that they are money making
+schemes only, and that they acquire business by
+misrepresentation, by falsehood, and by fraudulent
+testimonials. Most of these concerns are owned by men with no
+medical education or experience.</p>
+
+<p>These are facts attested to by the highest authorities in the
+United States, and apply to every advertised remedy and to
+every system of advertised treatment in the newspapers to-day
+with no exception that has come to our knowledge.</p>
+
+<p>A BUREAU OF PHYSICIANS, each in good standing and in active
+private practice, has been established in NEW YORK CITY, to
+extend advice to those requiring medical assistance.</p>
+
+<p>The object of the bureau is to prevent patients from placing
+themselves in the hands of incompetent, expensive and
+fraudulent schemers. The character of the advice furnished<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_487" id="Page_487">[Pg 487]</a></span>
+will be exactly the same as if you visited the office of any
+up-to-date reputable city consultant. We will simply direct
+what should be done in each instance to effect relief of the
+diseased conditions.</p>
+
+<p>The charges will be the ordinary fees charged by reputable
+physicians anywhere for similar services, and will in no
+instance be unreasonable or excessive.</p>
+
+<p>We invite the correspondence of those in need of honest advice.
+Ask for information which will be sent free of charge.</p></div>
+
+<p>Here was a tremendously lucrative field in which there was every
+possibility of doing a large amount of genuine good, which, however,
+could not be reached by men whose only object was to benefit the people,
+because the public press did not dare publish anything detrimental to
+"the combine." If this isn't monopoly, what is it?</p>
+
+<p>This is not the only instance of this kind that has taken place. One
+independently wealthy gentleman, for certain business reasons of his
+own, conceived the idea of inserting a trustworthy article exposing the
+patent medicine combine in the newspapers of the country, for which he
+was, of course, willing to pay the usual advertising rates. He gave the
+contract to a large advertising concern which began the crusade in
+Texas, the <i>intention</i> being to cover the country working the States one
+after the other. What was the result? As soon as the system's attention
+was directed to the plan the mandate of "silence" was flashed to the
+newspapers and the propaganda died an unnatural death in Texas, whose
+borders it never crossed. The columns of the public press were tightly
+closed to it.</p>
+
+<p>Is it any wonder that it has been so difficult to pass a Public Health
+bill? I am hopeful, however, that the women will solve this problem. It
+would seem to be a subject in which they could become strenuously and
+eagerly interested. Women as voting factors, or as legislators, will
+never succeed in the subtle fights of ward politics, or in the coarser
+slugging battles of graft and patronage, but in the moral finesse,
+necessary to achieve success in public health and purity legislation
+they should prove to be enthusiasts. If the regeneration of the race<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_488" id="Page_488">[Pg 488]</a></span> is
+entangled in legislative procedure or political subtilties, its only
+salvation is to find emancipators whose heart strings are of finer and
+truer fiber than those in the breasts of men. We hope to find them in
+the mothers of the race.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_489" id="Page_489">[Pg 489]</a></span></p>
+<h2>CHAPTER XXXIII</h2>
+
+<h3>THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL&mdash;Continued</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>The Patent Medicine Evil and the Duty of the Mothers of the
+Race&mdash;"Blood-Money"&mdash;The People Must be the Reformers&mdash;Mothers'
+Resolutions.</p></div>
+
+
+<h4>THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL AND THE DUTY OF THE MOTHERS OF THE RACE</h4>
+
+<p>It may be emphatically asserted that the patent medicine evil and the
+fraudulent medical cure more directly concern the mothers of the race
+than any others. No matter who the ailing victim may be, some woman is
+deeply and sincerely interested in his, or her, recovery and welfare. If
+the proper influence is exerted at the right time, and if it is based
+upon adequate knowledge of the danger involved, it is certain that the
+sufferer will not become a victim of the fraudulent and dangerous
+advertised nostrum, or a fake medical course of treatment. If each
+mother, therefore, possessed an adequate knowledge of the patent
+medicine evil, and exerted the influence which would naturally result
+from the possession of such knowledge, we should soon see the end of the
+whole business.</p>
+
+<p>Most people are honest and sincere. It is difficult, however, to arouse
+the majority to concerted and sustained action. If the honest and
+well-intentioned element in society could be influenced to a sustained
+effort to correct existing evils, in any department of human effort, the
+fraudulent and dishonest members of society could be effectually
+rendered harmless. If the suggestion which I have advanced in the
+article on Eugenics, to form Eugenic Clubs in every community, should be
+adopted, the members could, in a definite way, contribute to the
+propaganda, by insisting that the members of the legislature and
+Congress inform themselves upon these subjects, and act and vote in
+accordance with the sentiment of their constituents. It is only by some
+such systematized, concerted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_490" id="Page_490">[Pg 490]</a></span> effort that any hope may be reasonably
+entertained that this question will be satisfactorily and finally
+solved. That it is capable of being solved satisfactorily there is no
+doubt whatever. It depends upon the women.</p>
+
+<p>The passage of The Pure Food and Drugs Act, caused, for a brief period,
+a cessation of the strenuous activity which had previously characterized
+the patent medicine business. It was not, however, to be expected that
+any single legislative act would permanently strangle such a
+parasite,&mdash;for we must remember that it is an easy and a highly
+remunerative calling. Nor was it to be expected that men who are adepts
+in sophistry and experts in quibbling could not find a way to circumvent
+the intent of the law.</p>
+
+<p>This was proved to be so because they are again beginning to advertise
+more freely and with more assurance. One of the best known has assumed a
+new advertising garb. Its new diction is specious and clever, but it is
+a satanic cleverness when its history is weighed in the balance. It is
+quite probable that its formula may have been slightly changed, but at
+the end of each advertisement the following suggestive paragraph
+appears:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"SPECIAL NOTICE&mdash;Many persons are making inquiries for the
+old-time &mdash;&mdash;. To such would say, that this formula is now put
+out under the name of &mdash;&mdash;, manufactured by &mdash;&mdash; Company,
+C&mdash;&mdash;, Ohio. Write them and they will be pleased to send you a
+free booklet."</p></div>
+
+<p>The old time &mdash;&mdash; was condemned by the United States Government as an
+intoxicant and stimulant, and cures were sold in various parts of the
+country for the &mdash;&mdash; "jag," yet in the new advertisement the following
+appears:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>"&mdash;&mdash; is a remedy that should be kept in the house. Its virtue
+as a preventive to disease is the thing I wish chiefly to
+emphasize.</p>
+
+<p>"When once the value of &mdash;&mdash; as a household remedy is
+understood no home would be without it. Cathartics, pills and
+powders would be discarded. Irritating tonics would be no
+longer taken. ALCOHOLIC DRINKS WOULD HAVE NO PLACE...."</p></div>
+
+<p>If "alcoholic drinks would have no place" in the household,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_491" id="Page_491">[Pg 491]</a></span> why should
+one want this "remedy," which has no medical value except as a
+stimulant? It is as if a drunken man should deliver a temperance
+lecture: it would really be funny if we did not know the tragedies that
+have gone before as a result of its use. That is an example of the type
+of argument which must be legislated against.</p>
+
+<p>There are two specific points in this crusade against the patent
+medicine fraud which should be the objective issues of all concerted
+effort to crush the evil. These could be taken up by mothers in their
+eugenic clubs and developed until successfully legislated upon. It would
+be the greatest immediate contribution to constructive legislation that
+women's suffrage could bestow upon the race.</p>
+
+<p>First, to enact a law which would make it a felony for a newspaper to
+print a fraudulent patent medicine advertisement, or a fake medical
+cure. A national board of competent authority should be constituted to
+determine the question of fraud.</p>
+
+<p>Second, to amend the law which permits the registration of a fancy name
+for a combination of drugs, without at the same time giving the formula.</p>
+
+<p>The mothers of the race must recognize that it is not only a question of
+economy, but a vital issue in health preservation, to regard all
+advertised remedies and medical "cures" as absolutely dangerous and
+worthless, and consequently not to be used at all. There is no safe
+exception to this rule. The records teem with evidence condemning the
+whole discreditable business. Almost without exception, every advertised
+remedy and cure has been, when actually investigated, found fraudulent
+and worthless. The great majority of these concerns are owned and run by
+individuals, who have had no medical experience, and no training to fit
+them to advise patients in any sense. It is a money-making scheme pure
+and simple, and anyone who asks further proof is not open to conviction.</p>
+
+<p>I believe the truthful and the just interpretation of the success of the
+patent medicine business is to be found in the ignorance of the
+people,&mdash;not the kind of ignorance that reflects upon their
+intelligence, but real, honest ignorance regarding the true character
+and merit of the patent<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_492" id="Page_492">[Pg 492]</a></span> medicine business. It would be an unwarranted
+reflection upon the intelligence and acumen of the American people to
+assert that they would wittingly support a fraudulent proposition,
+especially a proposition whose success meant their own physical
+degeneration. The reflection is rather an indictment of the inefficiency
+of those in authority.</p>
+
+<p>We must not deny that there exists in the minds of the lowly a feeling
+that what is printed is true. This is as it should be; it is an instinct
+and it is fundamental. We must remember, too, that there are thousands
+and thousands of homes, into which absolutely no literature of any kind
+ever penetrates except the weekly, and it may be stray copies of the
+daily newspaper. These people are primitive and credulous. They have
+ailing members in the family, and they have not always accessible
+medical service, or they may be too poor to avail themselves of such
+service as exists. When, therefore, they see glaring promises of relief
+and "cures" for whatever may ail them, in the oft-read paper, week after
+week, it is an easy step to become enrolled as a victim. These people
+believe in their newspaper. They have no reason to question the truth of
+its contents. They unconsciously put their trust and dependence upon
+those in authority, those who should see to it that the instinct of
+truth and honesty is reflected in the justice and protection which is
+meted out to the helpless and the poor. Is it any wonder, therefore,
+that we have victims, when the only voice that comes to them from the
+great world beyond is a tissue of false promises and fraudulent
+pretensions? The law is a cumbersome vehicle to move. It cannot be
+driven by inspiration&mdash;no matter how crucial the incentive may be that
+creates the inspiration,&mdash;it moves only by the potential force of a
+great conviction, the voice of the people. It seems a pity to waste time
+in the education of all the people before their voice shall be raised to
+demand protection, when the authorities know now of the wrong that is
+being perpetrated and could right it without the waste of this precious
+time.</p>
+
+<p>Since we cannot hope for legislative assistance until the people are
+aroused to demand it, every mother who has an opportunity to learn the
+truth about the matter,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_493" id="Page_493">[Pg 493]</a></span> must become a member of the propaganda of
+education and must spread the knowledge to others. We must educate the
+army of innocents who fall because they do not know the truth, and we
+must reach that vaster army, whose gullibility permits these frauds to
+flourish. We must show them the false foundation and the hollow pretense
+upon which such schemes are founded. We must show them that each detail
+of the business is inspired by a wrong motive; that the so-called
+personal letters even are printed by the hundreds of thousands, and
+filled in to appear as personal communications by office clerks who
+possess absolutely no medical knowledge; that the "diagnosis" blanks are
+worthless and frequently dangerous, and simply sent to the prospective
+victim to impress him and draw him on; that the medicine furnished, is,
+as a rule, made of the cheapest of drugs, bought in large quantities
+from parties, whose reputation in the drug trade is not of the best;
+that the medicine has no special potency nor value, that it is in all
+likelihood a worthless mixture, which in the advertisements is given
+false and lying properties; that when they have got all the money out of
+the victim possible they will sell his letters to other nostrum venders.
+It is a sorry reflection on our civilization that the sick, often the
+incurably ill, cannot be protected against their own credulity and the
+devices of those who would fatten on their misfortune and profit by
+their sufferings.</p>
+
+<p>If every mother who reads this article would quietly think the matter
+over and reach a definite conclusion as to just how she may contribute
+her share to the educational crusade to crush the patent medicine
+monster, I am certain it would not be long before we would begin to feel
+that there were the "mutterings of a storm brewing." If each mother
+would subscribe to the following resolution, and obey it, she would
+really be an agency for much good in her community:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>I resolve never to advise an ailing friend or acquaintance to
+purchase or use an advertised remedy or "cure" of any kind
+whatsoever; nor will I permit any other person to advise the
+use of such remedies or "cures" without, in a friendly way,
+protesting, and thereby converting this person, who undoubtedly
+is ignorant of the facts.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_494" id="Page_494">[Pg 494]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>I further resolve, always to advise an ailing friend to consult
+someone, whose education and experience qualifies him to give
+competent advice.</p></div>
+
+<p>I would suggest that the above resolution be printed on cards in the
+form of a motto, to be hung on the wall, and distributed from house to
+house by the eugenic clubs. At the bottom of the card, the word "over"
+should be clearly printed. On the reverse side, in ordinary reading type
+should be a condensed and efficient argument against the use of patent
+medicines. This argument should be complete and convincing in itself, so
+that one who may casually ask what the card means may be told to read
+what is on the back of the card, and may, thereby, be convinced that "it
+is a good idea." This would be an inexpensive way of exciting the
+curiosity of the community, and when the psychological moment arrives it
+would probably be possible for one of the members of the club to give an
+address or lecture on the patent medicine evil. Inasmuch as the
+curiosity and the sympathy of the audience would be with the speaker, it
+would only be necessary to state facts to make converts. It seems worth
+trying, and the suggestion is given with the hope that the women in
+every community who are capable (and there are capable leaders in every
+community) will take this club idea up and develop it far beyond the
+largest hopes which I conceive for them.</p>
+
+<p>If eugenics means anything, and if the women are what they claim, much
+will be accomplished by each doing her part intelligently, and by each
+community standing upon its own record.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 3 (of 4), by 
+W. Grant Hague
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@@ -0,0 +1,6304 @@
+Project Gutenberg's The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 3 (of 4), by W. Grant Hague
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 3 (of 4)
+       A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies
+
+Author: W. Grant Hague
+
+Release Date: April 11, 2008 [EBook #25044]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE EUGENIC MARRIAGE, VOL. 3 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by K.D. Thornton, Jason Isbell, Josephine Paolucci
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: "Mother and Child," by Lorado Taft
+
+So strong is becoming the ambitions of the mothers of to-day to give the
+world children that will be an honor to-morrow, that this piece of
+marble statuary was erected by the Infant Welfare Society of Chicago to
+express the ideal of the most wonderful thing that can come to any
+woman--motherhood.]
+
+
+
+
+The Eugenic Marriage
+
+A Personal Guide to the New Science of Better Living and Better Babies
+
+By W. GRANT HAGUE, M.D.
+
+_College of Physicians and Surgeons (Columbia University), New York;
+Member of County Medical Society, and of the American Medical
+Association_
+
+In Four Volumes
+
+VOLUME III
+
+
+    New York
+    THE REVIEW OF REVIEWS COMPANY
+    1916
+
+    Copyright, 1913, by
+    W. GRANT HAGUE
+
+    Copyright, 1914, by
+    W. GRANT HAGUE
+
+
+
+
+TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+THE FORMATIVE PERIOD
+
+The best age at which to marry--Incompatibility of temperament--A happy
+marriage need not be a successful one--The evils of early marriage--The
+wedding night, its medical aspect--The honeymoon--When marital relations
+are painful--Times when marital relations should be suspended--The first
+weeks and months of wifehood--The formative period--A true marriage--A
+wife's true position in the household--Only 5% of happy
+marriages--Period of adaptation--Differences of opinion--Differences of
+principle--The attainment of success--Arguing trifles--You must know
+what you want--The right kind of wife--Contributing to her husband's
+efficiency--What are the requisites of efficiency--Good
+health--Thoroughly cooked meals--Rest at night--Having a system--Enough
+exercise--Freedom from worry--Do your part--The first quarrel--Fault
+finding--The husband's efficiency depends upon the wife--Work must be
+interesting--The wife's part ... PAGE 331
+
+
+ADVICE TO YOUNG WIVES
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+
+HOW TO ACHIEVE
+
+What the young wife owes to herself--Why was I born--What are the
+personal qualities necessary to success--What are the personal qualities
+necessary to happiness--Self-control--What is a thought--The evil habit
+of hasty judgment--The bad thought habit--Training the mind--"Go about
+it in the right way"--Be sure your husband's friends are your
+friends--Be a good fellow--Two kinds of people in the world--Everything
+depends upon what we do with our mind--The most popular woman--The gift
+of flattery--Choosing your friends--True friendship expects and demands
+nothing--True friendship is necessary--"By your friends shall ye be
+known"--Making resolves--The formula of success--When fortune knocks.
+... PAGE 357
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+SPARE MOMENTS
+
+The study habit--The germ of self-culture--Millions of tiny cells in our
+brain--The economic value of the study habit--Two ways of gaining
+knowledge--Happiness in the company of those striving for higher
+ideals--A young wife's incentive to self-culture--The difference between
+moral and mental disloyalty--The study habit creates its own
+interest--Nosophobia, or the dread of disease--"Keep still and be well"
+... PAGE 375
+
+
+THE HOME
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII
+
+DOMESTIC QUALITIES
+
+A good housekeeper and home-maker--What constitutes a good
+housekeeper--Preparation and selection of meals--Washing dishes--Pots
+and pans--Dusting and cleaning--Work cheerfully and be thorough--Don't
+be a dust chaser--Don't get the anti-sunshine habit--Air your rooms--The
+ideal home--The medical essentials of a good meal--What makes the
+home--Working for something--The average housewife's existence is
+slavery--What shall we work for--Making ends meet--Rest and
+recreation--Try a nap--Get enough sleep at night--Go out of doors--Take
+a vacation now and then--Life insurance--Owning a home--The cheerful
+wife and mother--The indifferent wife and mother--Husband and wife ...
+PAGE 389
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII
+
+HOW WE CATCH DISEASE
+
+How we catch disease--How germs enter the lungs--How germs work in the
+body--The function of the white blood cell--How an abscess is
+formed--The evil habit of spitting in public places--Sunlight and
+germs--Why it is necessary to open windows--Facts about
+tuberculosis--The tendency to disease--The best treatment for
+tuberculosis--Consumption is a preventable and a curable disease--When
+delay is dangerous--What to eat and wear in hot weather--Scientific
+dressing--Drink plenty of water--What to drink when traveling ... PAGE
+409
+
+
+DISEASES OF WOMEN
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX
+
+DISEASES OF WOMEN
+
+Diseases of women--The beginning of female disease--Ailing women are
+inefficient--as home-makers, as wife, as mother--_Few ailing women
+become pregnant_--The chief cause of female disease--The existence of
+the average mother--Female diseases are avoidable--The story of the
+wife--Women who don't want children--Abuse of the procreative
+function--What the woman with female disease should do--Cancer in
+women--Cancer of the breast--Cancer of the womb--What every woman should
+know about cancer--Change of life--The menopause--The climacteric--The
+average age at which the change of life occurs--Symptoms of the change
+of life--Importance of a correct diagnosis--Danger signals of the change
+of life--Conduct during the change of life ... PAGE 433
+
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL
+
+What mothers should know about the patent medicine evil--Tonics--Used by
+temperance people because it could "stimulate"--Stomach Bitters--Blood
+Bitters--Sarsaparilla--Celery Compound--Malt Whisky--Headache
+remedies--Pain Powders--Anti-headache--Headache Powders--Soothing
+syrups--Baby Friend--Catarrh powders--Kidney Pills--Expectorant--Cough
+syrup--Lithia Water--Health, wealth and happiness for a dollar a
+bottle--New Discovery for Consumption--Consumption Cure--Cancer
+cures--Pills for Pale People--Elixir of Life ... PAGE 451
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL (_continued_)
+
+The ---- Consumption Cure--Personals to Consumptives--Nature's
+Creation--Female weakness cures--Various compounds and malt whiskies ...
+PAGE 467
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL (_continued_)
+
+How patent medicine firms and quacks dispose of the confidential letters
+sent to them. Patent medicine concerns and letter brokers--The patent
+medicine conspiracy against the freedom of the press--How the patent
+medicine trust crushes honest effort ... PAGE 481
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL (_continued_)
+
+The patent medicine evil and the duty of the mothers of the race--"Blood
+money"--The people must be the reformers--Mothers' resolutions ... PAGE
+489
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIV
+
+     "The achievement of an object is dependent upon our
+     determination. Effort is a matter of will. Failure is a product
+     of misdirected determination."
+
+THE FORMATIVE PERIOD
+
+     The Best Age at Which to Marry--Incompatibility of
+     Temperament--A Happy Marriage Need Not Be a Successful One--The
+     Evils of Early Marriage--The Wedding Night, its Medical
+     Aspect--The Honeymoon--When Marital Relations are
+     Painful--Times when Marital Relations Should be Suspended--The
+     First Weeks and Months of Wifehood--The Formative Period--A
+     True Marriage--A Wife's True Position in the Household--Only
+     Five Per Cent. of Happy Marriages--Period of
+     Adaptation--Differences of Opinion--Differences of
+     Principle--The Attainment of Success--Arguing Trifles--You Must
+     Know What You Want--The Right Kind of Wife--Contributing to Her
+     Husband's Efficiency--What Are the Requisites of
+     Efficiency--Good Health--Thoroughly Cooked Meals--Rest at
+     Night--Having a System--Enough Exercise--Freedom from Worry--Do
+     Your Part--The First Quarrel--Fault Finding--The Husband's
+     Efficiency Depends Upon the Wife--Work Must be Interesting--The
+     Wife's Part.
+
+
+THE BEST AGE AT WHICH TO MARRY
+
+In order to determine the best age at which to marry, we must be guided
+by certain fixed standards. We must find out from statistics the average
+age of the parents of the best babies. We must determine and analyse the
+qualifications of what constitutes the "best" babies, according to the
+eugenic ideal. We should give heed to the fixity of temperamental
+characteristics in order to determine their adaptability to conditions
+that prevail at certain ages. We should select an age in advance of the
+period at which science has determined individuals to have outlived any
+hereditary tendencies.
+
+We have abundant proof that the best babies are born of parents between
+the twenty-third and the twenty-sixth years. We know also that the age
+which responds, with the fullest degree of plasticity, to temperamental
+characteristics, is in the early twenties. We know, likewise, that
+inherited tendencies may be said to have been outlived at or about the
+twenty-second year. The ideal marrying age, therefore, is, for both male
+and female, approximately the twenty-third year.
+
+The physical, mental and moral development of both men and women, at
+this period, evidence a high degree of adaptability, and are responsive
+to the institution of marriage. Their hereditary traits, if any
+previously existed, assume a dormant form at this age. They have
+cultivated the temperamental qualities which they will retain, with few
+modifications, throughout life. On the other hand, their dispositions
+are responsive to reason, and are capable of readjustment. Their
+temperamental characteristics are plastic, and under favorable
+conditions it is possible for both to evidence a degree of sympathy and
+toleration that bespeaks future harmony and success. No marriage can
+result in mutual happiness and success if one of the participants is
+temperamentally incapable of changing his or her convictions. One of the
+fundamental essentials to peace in the home is the quality of adaptation
+to circumstances, and no other virtue will be called into existence
+oftener than this quality. At this age, a man is eager to contribute to
+the contentment and happiness of his partner, even if it is necessary to
+sacrifice his own whims and opinions, and a woman, at this period, is
+temperamentally so constituted that she will respond to the same
+impulses.
+
+Incompatibility of temperament simply implies that two individuals are
+so constituted that they cannot, or will not, adapt themselves to the
+temperamental characteristics of each other. This condition is one of
+the most prolific causes of unfortunate marriages. Age has a great deal
+to do with this situation. Men over thirty have unconsciously developed
+habits of judgment and are too set in their opinions and ways to
+accommodate themselves easily, or without friction, to the temperamental
+differences that will undoubtedly exist in their wives. The spirit of
+adaptation, which is a characteristic of younger years, is lacking, and
+a mental readjustment is scarcely to be expected. We, therefore,
+frequently observe in the marriage relations of certain individuals a
+spirit of friendship existing rather than that of companionship which
+should be the quality that binds them together. Statistics prove that
+"affinities" creep into the lives of those who marry early, or in those
+who marry after thirty. This form of domestic infelicity may be rightly
+regarded as a product of "incompatibility of temperament."
+
+A happy marriage need not be a successful one. Some couples attain
+happiness through sorrow, grief, and failure. The so-called happy
+marriage, like happiness itself, is only a myth, made up of anticipation
+and memory. You have only to look into the calm and wrinkled faces of
+old women, and talk to them to discover that the outcome of
+unselfishness and abnegation forms the nearest approach to happiness in
+married life or out of it. It is the bearing of the burdens of life that
+constitutes its happiness.
+
+THE EVILS OF EARLY MARRIAGE.--No woman has the vitality to stand the
+strain of maternity before the twenty-third year. If a girl marries at
+eighteen years of age she gives the world children totally unfit to
+struggle with its problems. At about twenty-two years she may give one
+child of value to the world, but all others following will be
+increasingly unfit. In early marriages children are apt to come too
+frequently, and this is one cause of infant mortality. Statistics show
+that children born with an interval between them of only one year have a
+mortality of one hundred per cent, higher rating than those born with an
+interval of two years. And if these children are the progeny of very
+young mothers the percentage is even greater. The percentage of children
+who are malformed and idiotic is greater among those born of too young
+parents. It has been shown that the child can only inherit what the
+parents possess. If the parents are not of an age when all the powers
+are at their highest, the child is robbed of just this amount of growth
+and force lacking; no amount of education or training can supply this
+loss.
+
+There is another feature of early marriages that should receive serious
+consideration. A girl of eighteen or twenty has not reached that period
+of growth where certain inherited tendencies will show. If she has
+inherited a predisposition to consumption she may outgrow this period
+provided she is permitted to reach her full growth without subjecting
+her constitution to any strenuous physical or mental strain. If,
+however, this girl marries and becomes a mother, the incident effect
+upon her health will most likely weaken her to the extent of bringing to
+the surface the inherited tendency. Many mothers succumb to just such
+conditions, where had they remained single until a later period they
+could have assumed the responsibility of maternity without any evil
+consequences.
+
+The idea that by an early marriage a woman can train and change the
+inborn characteristics of her husband is a mistake. Few women can reform
+a husband after marriage. If she cannot reform him before marriage she
+will never do it afterward. These inborn traits will have their way
+despite anything she may be able to do to change them--only the man
+himself can control and govern them. During the period of this
+temperamental transformation the function of parenthood should not be
+exercised. Only when a man's character is fully matured should he be
+permitted to transfer it to another generation.
+
+The idea has been advanced that early marriages will tend to preserve
+youth from sowing wild oats. The woman who is the victim of this
+delusion will reap a harvest of discontent and misery. Any man who needs
+the sacrifice of a woman to cultivate the art of self-control is not a
+fit citizen, far less a fit husband or father. A man who is willing to
+bring children into the world before he is a self-governed animal does
+not understand the first principles of race-regeneration, and it is the
+duty of parents to educate their sons and daughters in this fundamental
+idea. To be an efficient parent one must be mentally, morally, and
+physically developed.
+
+THE WEDDING NIGHT;--ITS MEDICAL ASPECT.--The fundamental object of true
+marriage is the propagation of the species. Woman plays the more
+important part in the consummation of this duty inasmuch as she is the
+origin and depository of the future being. It is, therefore, most
+important that she should not be wholly ignorant of the nature and
+responsibilities of her position. Suffering, disease and death may
+result as a consequence of ignorance of these matters. It is the duty
+and the privilege of medical science to state, in language which all may
+understand, the facts regarding this interesting human event.
+
+It would seem as though suffering to some degree, characterized each
+epoch in a woman's life; menstruation, marriage and maternity. Much may
+be done, however, to lessen the pain necessary to the consummation of
+marriage. Not infrequently difficulty is experienced in this respect and
+great care, forbearance and gentleness must be exercised or unnecessary
+pain and injury may result. It is quite possible to cause serious injury
+by unrestrained impetuosity and this must be guarded against. It is
+sometimes absolutely necessary to consult a physician, especially in
+cases where greater resistance is experienced than is to be expected.
+These are rare cases.
+
+The first conjugal approaches are usually accompanied by a slight
+bleeding. They may not be so, however, and the absence of blood has no
+significance or meaning. The most suitable time to select for marriage
+is midway between the monthly periods. This is a season of sterility,
+and as the first nuptial relations may be followed by indisposition,
+pain and nervous irritability, it would be well to select a time when
+these ailments shall have an opportunity to subside before the
+appearance of the disturbances incident to pregnancy.
+
+THE HONEYMOON.--From a medical standpoint there is great need of a
+radical change in the way in which this nuptial period is spent. For
+many weeks previous to marriage the bride's existence is a long
+drawn-out period of nervous tension. Instead of enjoying mental and
+physical rest and repose, every moment of the time is crowded with
+exacting incidents, which, ordinarily, would wreck the nervous system of
+a robust individual. If this exciting preparatory experience ended in a
+period of rest and recuperation, it might not prove physically
+disastrous, instead of which, however, we know that the bride is
+subjected to a series of physiological tragedies which few weather with
+impunity. At no time of her life is she more in need of being surrounded
+with all the comforts of home and the intelligent direction of
+sympathizing friends who understand and appreciate the crisis through
+which she is passing. Custom, however, dictates that she shall be
+hurried from place to place at a time when the bodily quiet and the
+mental calmness and serenity so desirable to her should be the only
+object in view.
+
+Marital relations still continue painful and will be so for a few weeks.
+Too frequent indulgence at this period is a fruitful source of various
+inflammatory diseases, and often occasions temporary sterility and ill
+health. In many cases constitutional disturbances and nervous disorders
+have their beginning at this time and these unfortunate conditions are
+directly caused by the discomforts incident to the silliness of the
+social custom which deprives the woman of the rest and quiet necessary.
+
+The awakening of the sexual function is a tremendously important medical
+incident in the life of any woman. The simplest mind may adequately
+understand why such an experience should be consummated in a cheerful
+environment of domestic comfort and peace. To drag a girl around
+sight-seeing, when her nerves are on edge and supersensitive; when she
+is physically unfit, weary and not at all interested; when her brain is
+apprehensively busy with secret conjectures in which her husband even
+may not participate, is a species of torture which the average bride
+submits to with the best grace possible because social custom dictates
+the stupid programme.
+
+Mothers should approach this subject with tact and diplomacy, but they
+should, nevertheless, approach it with firm intentions to persuade their
+daughters to consider the situation from a common sense standpoint. The
+custom of the honeymoon survives because young brides do not appreciate
+the facts involved. It is the mother's duty to acquaint them with the
+truth, and no sensible mother will plan, or agree to a honeymoon that
+involves continuous discomfort and possible serious consequences to the
+health of her daughter at the beginning of what should be the happiest
+period of her life.
+
+WHEN MARITAL RELATIONS ARE PAINFUL.--Nature did not intend that the act
+by which the earth is to be replenished should be painful. If therefore,
+pain is a constant characteristic of this function, it is an evidence
+that disease exists and it should be given attention at the earliest
+possible moment. A displaced, congested womb is most frequently the
+cause. Such displacements most likely are a result of imprudence in
+dress, constipation and general negligence on the part of the victim. To
+delay or postpone assistance in such cases is dangerous, while on the
+other hand, relief is prompt and as a rule satisfactory if taken in
+time.
+
+TIMES WHEN MARITAL RELATIONS SHOULD BE SUSPENDED.--There are times when
+such relations are eminently improper. There are certain legitimate
+causes for denial by the wife.
+
+Intoxication in the husband is a good reason for refusal. Idiots and
+epileptics have been produced as a result of one parent being
+intoxicated when fecundation took place. Many cases are on record whose
+history is well authenticated where the mental faculties of the
+offspring have been totally destroyed.
+
+Convalescence from a severe sickness is a just cause for sexual
+abstinence. The existence of any local or constitutional disease which
+would be aggravated by marital relationship is also a just cause of
+refusal. The existence of a contagious disease renders a refusal valid.
+Sexual intercourse should never be permitted during the menses.
+Pregnancy is unquestionably a just cause for refraining from all
+marriage duties.
+
+THE FIRST WEEKS AND MONTHS OF WIFEHOOD.--The daughter is established in
+her own home: she is now the young wife, the prospective mother. What
+can we say that will be helpful at this period--those wonderful first
+weeks and months of wifehood? Her guiding star will unquestionably be
+the unconscious lessons she has absorbed from the tactful talks with
+mother. She will unwittingly pattern her conduct, to a large extent,
+after her, and follow the routine mother adopted in the old home. But
+there is a new factor to be considered. Her life, present and future,
+her possibilities, her very happiness, is dependent upon the husband.
+The old saying, that, "you must live with a man to really know him," she
+will find to be all too true. The story of her future life might be
+safely told if we could know how she will meet the new vicissitudes. She
+has known her husband only as a sweetheart, she has clothed him with
+virtues that exist only in her imagination, will he measure up to her
+expectations? She is watchful and tactful,--the little mother-talks she
+remembers. She did not believe when mother told her, that he had
+qualities which she would only find out after marriage, but she knows
+now. She is learning that household duties are exacting and fretful;
+that, though married, life still has a few thorns. She finds out also
+that the long day, when husband is at business, affords many
+opportunities for reflection and serious thought. These moments of
+seeming leisure are the moments of destiny. They are the introspective
+moments, when she weighs and measures out for herself sympathy, if she
+is not made of the right stuff, or she makes strong resolutions, and
+prepares herself mentally to win out in the new life. They are the
+moments when her subconscious intelligence is trying to express itself
+in the spirit of truth and honesty, when she weighs and measures and
+analyses the exigencies of the new environment. Her destiny depends upon
+the inspiration that is impressed upon her brain as a result of these
+self-communings.
+
+Most of us would not follow exactly the path we trod had we the
+opportunity to live our lives over again. The young wife has the chance
+to "do it over again." She has the opportunity of a new beginning. She
+should regard this opportunity as the most precious gift she will ever
+obtain. Many would give untold wealth for her chance. Happiness and
+riches lie at her feet. All the experiences that make life worth living
+are within her grasp. It all depends upon herself. An enthusiast is apt
+to be insistent. If his cause is just we gain by his insistency and
+determination. We are enthusiasts on this subject, we want you to
+believe in our disinterested sincerity. We believe,--in fact we know,
+that the first few months after marriage is the critical period in every
+woman's life so far as the attainment of happiness and success is
+concerned. No physician can practice medicine for years and fail to have
+this truth impressed upon him again and again.
+
+Every intelligent person knows that most young girls enter into the
+marriage relationship without a real understanding of its true meaning,
+or even a serious thought regarding its duties or its responsibilities.
+Maternity is thrust upon these physically and mentally immature young
+wives, and they assume the principal role in a relationship that is
+onerous and exacting. We know that the duties of wife and mother require
+an intelligence which is rendered efficient only by experience. We know
+that young wives acquire habits which undermine their health and their
+morals unwittingly. And we also know that the product of this
+diversified inefficiency is what constitutes the decadence and the
+degeneracy of the human race. Is it any wonder that mistakes occur, that
+heartaches abound, and that homes are degraded?
+
+What is the remedy? Education! Systematized instruction; an efficient
+and everlasting propaganda of education carried into the homes of the
+thousands of young wives and mothers who are willing, but who do not
+know how to play their part creditably and efficiently.
+
+THE FORMATIVE PERIOD.--The period prior to marriage is the formative
+period, the character building years. Matrimony is to be the test of how
+we have built our castle. The success of the matrimonial venture--for
+every marriage is an experiment--depends absolutely upon the result of
+the first year. We would, therefore, seriously, and earnestly, request
+the young wife to think deeply upon this problem and not to ignore the
+fact that the success of the venture is absolutely dependent upon her
+efforts to a very large degree. Some may assert that the husband is the
+essential equation, so far as happiness and success is concerned in the
+matrimonial venture. We do not think so. A home is what the woman makes
+it. A man may not be an ideal husband, or even a good father, though his
+home, to his children, may be heaven itself if the wife is a born
+mother and a good woman. On the other hand a man may be patient, hard
+working, self-sacrificing, good father, but he cannot make a happy home,
+for his children, if his wife is not the right kind of a woman.
+
+A true marriage implies love and confidence, and in the vast majority of
+marriages these qualities can be regarded as tangible, and may be used
+as any other business equity is used, for a certain time. The length of
+time depends upon the use to which this asset is put during the early
+months of marriage. It is the utilization of this time, how best to
+employ it, that concerns us here.
+
+A word as to a wife's true position in the household may be opportune.
+There is no question but that her status has changed in the last
+generation. Whether this change is for the better is a matter of
+opinion. It is too large and too intricate a problem to be fully
+discussed in a book of this character. Any opinion on such a subject
+must of necessity, in our judgment, be a warped one. There are few, very
+few, absolutely happy and congenial homes. It has been estimated that
+only five per cent. of all marriages are successful. If five per cent.
+make a success of marriage why could not the other ninety-five? The
+reasons are not fundamental or serious--they are trivial as a rule. It
+is making the right beginning that counts. If this is the secret, and
+every married person of experience will testify to this truth, the young
+wife should give the matter her serious consideration. In the life
+history of every couple there is a period of adaptation, which is sooner
+or later passed through at the expense of one or the other, or both,
+resigning themselves to an acceptance of the stronger, or positive,
+elements in the other's disposition.
+
+DIFFERENCES OF OPINION.--If a woman discovers, for example, that her
+husband has very decided views upon certain matters, and these views do
+not in any way conflict with the law, moral or otherwise, and the
+adoption of them does not necessitate the denial of a principle, it
+would be far better for her to acquiesce in these views, rather than to
+obstinately adhere to her opinions,--especially if she cannot, in a
+friendly way, offer an argument strong enough to convince him he is
+wrong. One or the other of every married pair will have to be willing to
+give in, in all trivial matters that come up from day to day, if a
+harmonious degree of existence is to be reached.
+
+It is certainly natural to assume that ordinarily the wife will be the
+one to concede most. She is supposed to be endowed with all the gentler
+attributes. Therefore our advice,--irrespective of all the arguments
+which may be made, and which we need not even hint at, here, but which
+are at the tongue's end of every so-called advanced woman,--is for the
+young wife to gratefully concede a great deal to her husband.
+
+If a man's daily life is clean, and if his ambition is to work in order
+to provide a comfortable home for his wife and children, he is deserving
+of the love and confidence of any true woman. And inasmuch as you have
+chosen this man for your husband, for your guide and for the father of
+your unborn children, it behooves you to find out how you may quickly
+accommodate yourself to be his helpmate, his friend, his confidant and
+companion, throughout all the years of your life. Let us assure you
+without fear of contradiction, that you will endear yourself to him by
+your willingness to be advised and guided by him. Such an attitude will
+engender a tangible confidence that may be drawn upon to weather
+temperamental contests that might otherwise prove to be serious
+obstacles in building up a mutual respect and trust and which is
+essential to peace and happiness. He will look for your word of cheer,
+and he will willingly tell you more and more of his inmost thoughts and
+ambitions, and unconsciously he will rely upon your judgment, your
+womanly intuition, your help, in every move he makes. The time when you
+will have to "give in" will have passed away. You will have made
+yourself part of his life, his mentality, you will have reached the goal
+of domestic happiness, and that is as near paradise as most of us reach
+in this world. It all depends upon "how you go about it" in the first
+few months of married life.
+
+Consider the other picture. If a wife cultivates, or has the inherited
+inclination to argue trifles, to bicker over mere matters of opinion,
+even if she wins occasionally, what does she gain? Nothing! The husband
+resents the tendency to argument. His pride is wounded at the thought
+that his wife needs to be convinced of every opinion he advances. Such
+an attitude completely breaks down the tangible confidence that is
+essential to peace and happiness. Soon he begins to keep his opinion to
+himself; the serpent enters the home; the wife finds he is interested in
+things of which he does not inform her. Jealousy, lack of confidence,
+doubt,--the skeletons of all domestic peace and happiness soon
+accomplish their terrible and tragic work, and the end is not difficult
+to imagine.
+
+Most of the things regarding which husbands and wives quarrel are of no
+special moment. They are not momentous subjects,--it is usually a trifle
+that mars the domestic peace. It takes but a few years for most women to
+appreciate that many of the things that cause heartaches are not of any
+consequence at all. They originate, as a rule, in one or the other
+failing to appreciate that the other has certain individual rights which
+demand some degree of respectful consideration. The ego element in human
+nature is responsible for a very considerable portion of the domestic
+infelicity that mars the home life of a large proportion of the people.
+
+TRIVIAL DIFFERENCES.--Many homes have been broken or rendered
+permanently wretched by trivial differences. The husband may like to
+play games, the wife may want to read. One may like to go out to parties
+and theaters, the other may want to stay at home. Before marriage these
+differences appear to merest trifles and are the subjects of
+good-humored bantering; after marriage they cause constant dissension,
+constant friction. A trifle is the usual beginning, a divorce may be the
+end. A little lack of tact, an unwillingness to sacrifice self in a
+small measure "at the right moment" and friction would have ended.
+
+It is a reflection upon our intelligence, and it is rather significant
+that it should be the little, trifling things that cause most of the
+troubles and heartaches in the world. We rarely quarrel over the
+important episodes Of life; the real things, the things that constitute
+the measure of our manhood and womanhood. Ask any of your friends, be
+they Jew or Gentile, Catholic or Protestant, Baptist or Episcopalian,
+Democrat or Republican, whether, in their best judgment, it is better to
+be honest or dishonest, clean or dirty, false or true, intelligent or
+ignorant, an idler or a worker; whether it is better to be gentle and
+kind or brutal and cruel, a gossip and scandal monger or to mind our own
+business and to speak kindly of our fellow-man, whether, in short, it is
+better to be good or bad? And yet these are the real, the fundamental
+qualities that brand a man, or a woman, or a race of people, as worthy
+and true and Christ-like.
+
+To the eugenist, a thought obtrudes itself at this point. It is the
+logical, the link between the cause and the effect. Why do we waste so
+much time arguing and fighting over non-essentials? Why is the world
+such a big quarreling-pot over nothing? And the eugenist suggests, if it
+is not possible, that the explanation may be found, in the fact, that
+the human family, as a race, is below par; that so many of us are
+incomplete; that it is the product of the combined mental effort of the
+unworthy element that makes all the trouble? It is scarcely logical to
+assume, that an individual who has been brought into the world by
+healthy, worthy parents, and whose ancestry for generations have been
+clean, honest people; and whose upbringing and education has been
+adequate to fit him to become a respectable, decent citizen, could, or
+would be a trouble maker. On the other hand, can we expect, or are we
+justified in hoping that an individual whose ancestral record is bad,
+whose environmental conditions are faulty, whose education has been
+neglected, who is in all probability physically and mentally deficient,
+will be capable of conforming to the standards of the other individual?
+From an imperfect whole, may we not naturally expect bad parts? From a
+diseased body and mind, may we not look for a low standard of thought
+and action? And may not these conditions account for the greater part of
+the little, as as the big, troubles that mar the peace and progress of
+the race? Will not the elimination of the eugenically unworthy rid the
+world of its heartaches and sorrows? It is not only a suggestive
+thought, it is an inspiration for the exercise of the supreme
+intelligence of the statesman, the sociologist, the teacher and the
+preacher alike.
+
+DIFFERENCES OF PRINCIPLE.--There are more serious differences than those
+of taste, however. There are differences of principle.
+
+They do not reveal themselves before the promise "for better or for
+worse." The sentimental days of courtship did not bring them out. But
+now that they have settled down to the routine of ordinary living,
+nature brings them to the surface and the issue must be met. It is
+discovered that the wife is a devout Christian and a faithful church
+attendant while the husband insists on his wife spending Sunday in the
+country, or at the seashore. The woman tries to get her husband to go to
+church but she fails. He tried to get her to accompany him but he does
+not succeed. There is a rift in the lute, little sorrowful heart pangs
+on the part of the woman, and the man feels sore and grouchy and wanders
+away alone, then finally open quarrels and indifference. Two lives are
+pulling apart. Someone must give in; but which one? The observance of
+her religious duties to the wife is a matter of principle. The husband's
+method of spending Sunday is simply habit. He has no right to interfere
+with her liberty in this respect. The one to give in is the one whose
+conscience is not trampled upon. If the husband refuses to go to church
+with his wife, he can do so amicably, and in such a tactful way that his
+wife cannot reasonably feel permanently offended, but he must not object
+to his wife going to church, nor has he the right to insist on being
+accompanied in his outing by his wife. On the other hand, the wife must
+not nag or quarrel with him continuously on the subject of religion.
+Those little incidents will come up in the experience of every married
+couple. They are not serious or insurmountable in themselves, but they
+can be made serious by mismanagement.
+
+The true wife is the home-maker, not simply the housekeeper. She is
+responsible for its attractiveness and its comfort, its morals and its
+existence. The marriage vow "does not make a wife, but comradeship in
+the bearing of the burdens of life, does." She must be Love and Justice
+and Truth to her children, and companion and friend and helpmeet to her
+husband.
+
+We, therefore, advise the young wife to begin wedded life with definite
+plans and ideals.
+
+THE ATTAINMENT OF SUCCESS.--In the first place, you do want your
+particular matrimonial venture to be a success. Success in one sense is
+getting what you want. You must, however, know exactly what you want.
+Very few people know what they want, but those few are the ones who
+manage to "get there." If you ask a dozen of your friends what their
+plan of life is, what they are working for, what they really want, not
+one of them probably could tell you with any degree of exactness. Most
+people go along in an indefinite way, working from day to day, more or
+less dissatisfied, and with absolutely no feeling of certainty as to
+what the future holds in store for them.
+
+Human effort is an example of energy misdirected and it is the greatest
+potential energy in the universe. Really to want something means that we
+must be willing to sacrifice everything necessary to attain our wish,
+and to concentrate and direct all our efforts in its attainment. To do
+this, we must be efficient, we must be healthy, we must strive day and
+night, and we must want intensely to achieve success.
+
+During the first few weeks of married life the young wife, if she is a
+wise little lady, will take stock. She will begin to think, and she will
+naturally speculate about the future. She will try to determine the
+facts in her particular life that are the important ones so far as the
+attainment of success is concerned. Her material success of course is
+dependent upon the efficiency of her husband. Now, a married man's
+efficiency depends almost entirely on his wife. If a man attains great
+material success, he will acknowledge, if he acknowledges the truth,
+that his wife is deserving of most of the credit. The husbands of most
+good, sensible wives are successful. If a man is, unfortunately, married
+to a woman who is not a helpmeet, who is not a well-balanced wife and
+mother, and achieves success, he does so by reason of his innate
+strength of character and in spite of the unjust drain on his
+efficiency. Most men under these circumstances however lose heart and
+interest and become failures.
+
+The young wife, therefore, will definitely plan in just what way she can
+contribute to her husband's efficiency.
+
+WHAT ARE THE REQUISITES OF EFFICIENCY? GOOD HEALTH.--He must have
+regular meals. The food must be carefully selected and suitable to his
+personal needs according to the character of the work in which he is
+engaged. The food must be properly and thoroughly cooked. If he does not
+understand the science of eating, the wife must educate him. Remember
+his success means your success, his failure, your failure. If you were
+in charge of a highly complicated machine, you would not allow it to be
+ruined by careless misuse. You may have married a healthy animal, but
+animals are tricky and uncertain. He is still your lover and he will do
+anything reasonable for you, if you "go about it in the right spirit and
+in the right way." Be sure you "go about it in the right way." Be
+tactful, be patient, don't nag. Don't tell him of his faults, simply
+note them then determine what you want to accomplish. In a little while,
+he will become enthusiastic and will be telling his friends how to eat,
+and what to eat, and, later, he may try to convince you that he thought
+of the idea first. This is the typical man. You will learn how to manage
+him, and your first success will encourage you--he will be a child in
+your hands--if you only "go about it right." And this applies to
+everything you do that has any relation to domestic peace and happiness
+and final success.
+
+The woman who grasps the meaning of the following truism and determines
+to practice it, is well on her way to happiness and success. "It is the
+man that has a system in both life and business that wins the battles."
+The struggle of life has become so strenuous that most everyone's nerves
+are always near the explosive point,--the man who has a system in life
+has discovered that there is nothing to be gained by being
+disrespectful or discourteous, or by butting rough-shod into the affairs
+or interests of other people; tact, diplomacy, flattery, the
+temperamental capacity to wiggle around the explosive corners of other
+peoples' irascible nerves to gain your point, is "having a system," and
+it wins battles. The young wife who knows how to do this, is so far
+ahead of the army of ordinary young wives, that she need not take time
+to look around to see if the others are gaining ground. They will never
+overtake her.
+
+REST AND SLEEP.--The husband must get enough rest each night, so don't
+drag him away to parties and balls and late suppers. Be a
+philanthropist--give him the care you would give a thoroughbred horse
+with which you hoped to win a big stake. Let him think, however, that
+you are doing it for his sake. To you the prize is a greater stake--it
+means life's failure or success. Remember you are in this fight to win.
+The gratification of whims and fancies during the first year of married
+life leads to the establishment of expensive habits, and may be the one
+factor that will mean failure in the future, when you will wish, with
+all your heart that you had begun differently. The time to sacrifice, to
+work hard, to plan ahead, is when one is young; when hope is strong and
+health is good--not when ambition falters, when age grows weary, when
+efficiency is impossible, and when regrets crowd in on us and failure
+crushes energy and hope and happiness. The struggle of life is a real
+one to every soul born, but it is worth the fight, and the glory of a
+fight won is the greatest human satisfaction this side of the grave. Try
+it, try to win.
+
+ENOUGH EXERCISE.--Be sure your husband is getting enough exercise. If
+his work is desk work, think out some plan to compel him to take the
+exercise every healthy animal requires. Make up your mind definitely
+what is necessary and exactly what it is you want him to do, and then
+begin to work in your own successful way with that object in view. It
+may be systematized gymnastic work he needs. If so, suggest to him the
+advisability of becoming a member of a club or gymnasium, or get two
+sets of exercisers and begin work on them yourself if necessary. Devote
+ten minutes every morning and night to exercise. He will soon follow
+you, and many happy contests you will have and profitable ones too.
+Working together is the secret of domestic peace. Even if this reads
+like slavery or self-immolation, what do you care? You are happy, you
+are working for something, the time will come when you will have
+realized your ambition. Domestic happiness and material success are
+worth all we are asked to pay for them and they are never obtainable on
+the bargain counter.
+
+It may be outdoor exercise he needs, try golf, swimming, baseball,
+tennis, anything to gain your point; and, all the time, remember you are
+leading him by your apron-string because you have discovered the secret
+of "how to go about it."
+
+FREEDOM FROM WORRY.--A man cannot work efficiently and worry at the same
+time. Modern business methods are conducted on such a strenuous basis
+that, to keep "in the ring," a man needs every ounce of reserve he can
+command. Don't imagine your husband is totally free from cares and
+responsibilities just because he is not at business. He may have left
+his office a few minutes earlier than usual to get away from trouble.
+Encourage the system. When a man feels in his heart that there is one
+person in the world to whom he can always turn, and be sure of a loving,
+sympathetic greeting, one who understands and believes in him, one place
+he can always go and feel certain of enjoying peace, and comfort and
+contentment, there is little danger of any friend supplanting the wife,
+or any club or saloon taking the place of home.
+
+DO YOUR PART.--The moment you know your husband is in the house, change
+the expression on your face, smile, even if it pains you, and go to him
+with a familiar word of greeting and give him a kiss. Do this every day
+of your life, unless when you are sick in bed, when he will go to you.
+Establish this habit, and if ever the day comes when he returns from
+work and there is no greeting, no kiss, stop the whole domestic ship,
+regard it as a tragedy. Don't let the first entering wedge of discord
+come into your life. If there is no first quarrel, there will never be a
+second. If you are at fault you had better right matters at once or
+take the consequences. Take our advice. Don't experiment with a man.
+Deep down, every man is a brute. There is a certain elemental devil in
+every male animal. Don't rouse it. You are only a woman. Don't invite a
+quarrel. You will get the worst of it. Keep on the peaceful side of the
+street. It is always a mistake to talk too much. Words are poison when
+silence is golden. You cannot make a mistake by leaving the husband
+alone if he is at fault. Time is a wonderful physician; she will heal
+almost any wound. Your tact, your silence, your seeming fear (in other
+words, your method "of going about it in the right spirit and in the
+right way"), and an opportunity to think it over, will make him ashamed
+of himself. He will want to crawl back into your good graces and the
+lesson will be a long remembered one to him,--if, and this is
+tremendously important--the wife does not glory in her triumph and nag
+him about it. The temptation to err is great and there are few young
+wives who can resist it. Keep silent, however. Don't refer to it and you
+will win more than you know. Blessed is she who can forget what is not
+worth remembering.
+
+You will have averted the first quarrel and, inasmuch as the "first
+quarrel" is an historic event in every married woman's experience, it
+may be worthy of a little further consideration.
+
+THE FIRST QUARREL.--Some women become weak in a crisis and spoil their
+own chances of success, despite the fact that circumstances may have
+been working in their favor. Some women meet a crisis bravely and do
+exactly the right thing at the right time but falter and fail after the
+crisis has passed. Take, for example, the incident we have just
+narrated. When a husband brings into the home a sample of his real self,
+for the first time, it is not really an unexpected event, though it may
+be an unpleasant shock to the young wife; and she must not render it an
+important incident by mismanagement. Nevertheless, it is in itself a
+momentous occasion, and it may prove to be the moment of destiny. The
+spirit of the lover has been the dominant spirit so far, the atmosphere
+of the honeymoon has continued, there has been no friction, no quarrel.
+To-night the husband has carried a business _grouch_ into the home, his
+militant impulses are just below the surface, the slightest unfortunate
+word, the least lack of tact, a failure to "sense" the situation
+correctly, will explode the mine and wreck a dream. Deep down in the
+man's heart he does not want a quarrel but the brute in him will fight
+if the environment invites it. It takes two to quarrel. Silence on the
+part of the wife, therefore, is the only solution of the problem. If the
+first quarrel never takes place the second will never have to be
+dreaded. Silence, no matter what the provocation may be; no matter how
+acute the sense of injustice may be, silence is the only safe way out.
+The husband if left alone, will be ashamed of the situation his lack of
+self-control has created, the lover spirit will conquer the brute. He
+will regret the pain he has caused; he will want to forget and be
+forgiven quickly though he may not go through the formality of an
+apology. A formal apology and reconciliation will, in his judgment,
+dignify the episode and make a mountain out of a molehill. The wife will
+be wise to so regard it though it is an injustice to her. The husband
+will not underestimate the importance of the event, however, and in many
+ways will be a better husband in future, but he does not want to talk
+about it or be talked to regarding it. This is part of the psychology of
+the male, and the successful wife discovers it early and acts
+accordingly.
+
+Having safely piloted your craft through the troubled waters, don't
+prove weak and silly when you reach a safe harbor. When the moment of
+passive reconciliation arrives, when it is necessary to resume the
+domestic routine, don't show the spirit of resentment. Be pleasant,
+don't cry, don't become hysterical. Be strong, ignore the whole affair,
+leave it in the hands of time and forget it. The victory is yours, don't
+lose it.
+
+FAULT FINDING.--At a later date, when, in all probability, the wife will
+be the one whose conduct will incite trouble because of the worries
+incident to her more or less monotonous, domestic existence, much care
+will have to be exercised so that an unwitting fretfulness may not cause
+quarrels. When a man comes home at night tired and hungry, longing for
+peace, and comfort, and pleasant conversation, it is worse than anarchy
+to not only get no greeting, but to note the discontent on his wife's
+face, and to listen to a tirade of fault finding. Your husband has
+troubles of his own. The maid's impudence, the crossness of the baby,
+the noise of the neighbor's children, the toughness of the meat from the
+butcher, do not interest him. He is hungry, he wants to eat, and above
+all, he wants rest and peace. We are considering this subject from the
+economic standpoint. The young wife must recognize that if she is a
+fault finder, if she worries her husband, she interferes with his
+efficiency and jeopardizes the attainment of success,--her own success.
+From a purely selfish standpoint, it is a bad investment.
+
+It may interest many young wives to know, that a number of large
+corporations have recently begun to systematically investigate the
+domestic environment of their employees. If it is found that they are
+not happy, or that they do not enjoy a restful and congenial home life,
+they discharge them. They claim that a man who is worried cannot be
+efficient, and if he is not efficient he is not a dependable individual
+to have in their employ. Some railroads will not allow an engineer to
+drive a passenger train after it is discovered that he is unhappily
+married. The young wife should, therefore, appreciate that she may be
+directly responsible for her husband's efficiency and success. If a
+woman is guilty of conduct that interferes with the earning capacity of
+her husband she is erecting an obstacle to happiness and success that is
+fundamental, permanent and insurmountable. In justice to herself and to
+her husband and to the future she should promptly decide if the
+conditions are such that a change is impossible, and if so she should,
+in order to avert a tragedy, seek a separation.
+
+WORK MUST BE INTERESTING.--No man can exert the highest degree of
+efficiency if he is not interested in his work. This has become a
+business truism. How can the wife aid in this matter? By cooeperation, by
+tactful advice, by suggesting new methods, by originating new ideas that
+may open the way to new possibilities.
+
+Even menial work is interesting if we regard it as a stepping-stone to
+something better. It must be done thoroughly, however, to justify this
+hope. Life is a struggle, a struggle in which many are vanquished and
+few survive. Only those few survive who fit most perfectly to their
+environment. If a man is getting proper nourishment and sufficient
+exercise, and is free from worry, if in other words he has vitality, he
+cannot possibly fail to give full value for what he receives. His work
+will at least be satisfactory. If his lack of interest in his work is
+because it does not fully satisfy his ambition, this is a splendid
+opportunity for the tactful and resourceful wife.
+
+It was suggested to an enterprising little wife, whose husband was
+earning a small salary as a bookkeeper, to advise him to study
+stenography and correspondence at the Y. M. C. A. He did so, and is now
+the private secretary of the president of a large corporation, at a
+salary of six thousand dollars per year. His wife encouraged and cajoled
+him during the long winter nights when he studied late. She sacrificed
+herself by giving up all social entertainments and other pleasures. She
+catered to his tastes and comfort, and she talked so entertainingly
+during spare moments of what the future would be when he was a great
+success, that he was simply compelled to make good. She got her reward,
+and the very struggle and effort strengthened their characters,
+broadened their sympathies, and taught them the true meaning of love and
+affection.
+
+Other young wives may achieve similar success if they "go about it
+right." That is the secret. That was the secret of this young wife's
+success. She first knew what she wanted, she then prepared the way by
+tactfully showing her husband how he could increase his efficiency. She
+kept the subject diplomatically before him by directly praising him,
+assuring him that he had the ability, that he would find it easy, that
+he was meant for "higher things." Then she drew word pictures of where
+they would live, the kind of house she would like and the new furniture
+she would buy, and where they would spend their vacations when he was
+earning the salary which she knew he was worth. They began to live in
+this future, it became part of their life, his pride was awakened, he
+would be ashamed to fail, he was whipped to the post and spurred to the
+finish and he won the race, because he had married the right kind of a
+woman. "The right kind of a woman,"--the woman who knows that "the
+marriage vow" does not make a wife, but that comradeship in the bearing
+of the burdens of life does.
+
+THE WIFE'S PART.--Having read the preceding pages some young wives may
+ask if that is really what being married means? If it is all work and
+sacrifice and no pleasure? That is exactly what it means and if there is
+no pleasure in work and sacrifice, then there is no pleasure in married
+life. The young wife who fails to see the significance of this
+interpretation of what has been written has a fundamentally wrong idea
+of what married life means.
+
+A woman who begins her wedded life with less loyal ideals than are
+depicted in the performance of the duties we have enumerated is imposing
+on her husband and is false to herself. She will not attain happiness
+and success. To marry in order to have a good time should be a state's
+prison offence.
+
+Happiness and contentment and success are products of duty well done.
+They are the logical recompense for effort and sacrifice. Individual
+happiness is not the chief object of existence in this life. To work
+efficiently is the supreme obligation. It is naturally to desire
+happiness and to labor for it; but it is absurd to be annoyed and angry
+because we do not find it. Happiness through marriage is never attained
+except by never-ending self-abnegation and effort.
+
+We must struggle or we will degenerate. A correct interpretation of
+racial progress proves this truth. Effort is the supreme law. All good
+things have been given to man at the price of labor.
+
+
+
+
+ADVICE TO YOUNG WIVES
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXV
+
+     "Being forced to work, and forced to do your best, will breed
+     in you temperance, self-control, diligence, strength of will,
+     content, and a hundred virtues which the idle will never know."
+
+                                        CHARLES KINGSLEY.
+
+HOW TO ACHIEVE
+
+     What the Young Wife Owes to Herself--Why Was I Born--What Are
+     the Personal Qualities Necessary to Success--What Are the
+     Personal Qualities Necessary to Happiness--Self-control--What
+     is a Thought--The Evil Habit of Hasty Judgment--The Bad Thought
+     Habit--Training the Mind--Go About it in the Right Way--Be Sure
+     Your Husband's Friends Are Your Friends--Be a Good Fellow--Two
+     Kinds of People in the World--Everything Depends Upon What We
+     Do With Our Mind--The Most Popular Woman--The Gift of
+     Flattery--Choosing Your Friends--True Friendship Expects and
+     Demands Nothing--True Friendship is Necessary--"By Your Friends
+     Shall Ye Be Known"--Making Resolves--The Formula of
+     Success--When Fortune Knocks.
+
+
+WHAT THE YOUNG WIFE OWES TO HERSELF.--If the young wife is making a
+conscientious effort to do her duty, there are certain things she owes
+to herself, to her husband, to her unborn children. She too must
+preserve her health, her efficiency. In guarding the health and
+contributing to the efficiency of her husband, she will have done much
+in this direction. She will, however, have many spare moments at her
+disposal. We have already remarked that these are the moments of
+destiny. In the coming years she will look back upon these moments with
+real pride, or regret, according to how she spent, or misspent them. Let
+us begin all over again, with renewed interest and enthusiasm, and try
+to understand just what is meant by this.
+
+Every human being asks himself, or herself, at some time in life, the
+questions, "Why was I born? For what purpose was I created and put upon
+this earth? Is there any real object or purpose in living, except to
+pass the time from day to day, and year to year?" To most, the reply is
+perplexing,--and not at all satisfactory. All great minds who have
+deeply studied this problem, unanimously agree that there is a purpose
+in life. We are not a thing apart,--an isolated entity. We are part of
+the living whole; every thought, every deed, every spoken word, every
+sentiment, every passion, every prayer, is inter-related with every
+other thought, deed, word, sentiment, passion and prayer of every other
+living thing in all eternity. We have an ideal to maintain, and if we
+are untrue or fail, we interrupt, we desecrate the everlasting scheme of
+the universe. We will therefore be held responsible for our manner of
+living,--for the sum total of our existence. We have a purpose to
+fulfill, a responsibility to sustain. If we are false to that purpose,
+and fail in our responsibilities, we rob the world of the help we should
+bestow, and, in a far larger measure, we deprive ourselves of benefits
+and pleasures, every moment of our lives, greater than we can conceive.
+
+The world is many centuries old, and many millions of human beings have
+lived and died during that time. A certain percentage of these men and
+women lived lives which bettered the world. They left a thought which
+will live through all the ages. They proved the truth of some basic
+unchanging principle. They drew the attention of mankind to the reality
+of a certain immutable fact. These truths, these principles, these
+facts, have all been tested, and they have been found to be everlasting.
+In other words, we find there are certain truths, certain principles,
+certain facts, that every living thing must obey, must subscribe to,
+must live up to or perish. Every thought, every deed, every movement, of
+every living thing, is regulated by unalterable laws which govern our
+lives and to which we must conform or pay the penalty in failure. Human
+nature is God's riddle!
+
+WHAT ARE THE PERSONAL QUALITIES THAT EXPERIENCE HAS SHOWN TO BE
+NECESSARY IN THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS AND SUCCESS?--Experience has
+taught us that certain personal qualifications are essential to the
+attainment of success and happiness. We must, for example, be master of
+ourselves. We must have acquired the art of self-control. Self-control
+is an evidence of a high intelligence. There are many gradations of
+mental progress before complete self-control is reached. Complete
+self-mastery in matrimonial conflicts is a long and difficult
+acquisition. Probably it is fully acquired in the fewest possible cases.
+The one who acquires self-control, who gives in during the adaptative
+period of which we have written, is not the weaker. The young wife
+should always keep in mind that the underlying principle to be
+vigorously adhered to in the home, is justice. There will arise many
+occasions that will severely test your disposition and your patience,
+but, if you have yourself well in hand, if you understand yourself, you
+will emerge from the conflict successfully and as a consequence a little
+stronger. When we acquire the determination to efface self in these
+domestic squabbles we begin the building of a character.
+
+WHAT IS A THOUGHT?--The greatest product of creative inspiration is the
+human brain. The very fact that each human being possesses one of these
+marvelous products implies responsibility, the responsibility of what we
+will do with it. A thought is a creation of brain or mind activity. It
+may be a bad or evil thought or it may be a good thought. Let us now go
+back to the young wife just as she is about to begin the hour or so of
+recreation in the afternoon. Her work being done for the time, let us
+suppose she elects to do a little fancy needle work. She finds a
+comfortable seat and is soon apparently engrossed in her work. Is she?
+Doubtless she is, and a very commendable, harmless, inviting picture she
+presents, but a thousand thoughts are passing through her mind. It is
+not the sewing that she does, that will be weighed in the balance, it is
+not the patient stitch, stitch, stitch, that she takes, that will mark
+the hour well spent. It is the one thought that will predominate over
+all the others, that will tell the ultimate tale, because of its effect
+on her own mind. A thought once created, even if it is never expressed,
+is as much a created entity as a deed executed.
+
+Suppose this young wife attended a social gathering in some friend's
+house the evening before, and for some trifling reason she formed an
+unfavorable impression of another lady guest; during the hour of her
+sewing, which we are discussing, she goes over in her mind all the
+incidents of the gathering, and because of the previous impression, she
+still thinks unkindly of the lady in question. She passes judgment upon
+her in her own mind. What has she really done? She has created a thought
+an opinion, which now becomes a part of her mind, because it is recorded
+in her brain cells forever, and, inasmuch as she was not justified in
+passing judgment upon a person's character in this hasty way, she harmed
+herself by establishing a bad habit,--a habit of hasty judgment,--which
+will have an effect on her method of judgment as long as she lives. The
+evil effect may not end here,--it seldom does. A chance remark,--still
+the product of the hasty opinion,--made to some other woman regarding
+this lady, will give this other woman an unfavorable impression of the
+person, and if you could trace all the little gradations of the first
+unjust opinion, through all the stages of a gossiping community, you
+would be astonished at the growth, and the evil accomplished by the
+thought, born amidst the apparently innocent and commendable
+surroundings of an hour's sewing. If you educate your mind to create bad
+thoughts you will become a victim of the habit. Each bad thought makes
+the creation of another bad thought more easy, because a bad habit is,
+as we all know, a difficult thing to live down. Therefore a bad thought
+unexpressed does harm only to the individual who creates the thought. If
+the bad thought is expressed to another party, it is impossible to tell
+or estimate the harm it may do. Life is what we make it. If we get into
+the habit of thinking unjust, unkind, selfish, bad thoughts, we live in
+that atmosphere. Your whole life will be a reflection of your mental
+attitude. If you feed your mind on such food how can you hope to grow
+into a contented, happy woman? Let us not dwell upon the dark side.
+There is another picture, one more inviting, more difficult to realize,
+it is true, but more perfect as a consequence.
+
+TRAINING THE MIND.--There never was a time in the history of the world
+when so many people were striving after definite knowledge,--some scheme
+of mentality, some mental atmosphere,--some spiritual or idealistic
+phenomena,--which would satisfy the craving, the hunger of the restless
+and dissatisfied human mind for absolute enlightenment regarding the
+mysteries of life. It is a curious fact that to attain such knowledge,
+all these various bodies, no matter how they may differ as to the method
+of procedure, concede that the education of the human mind and the
+recognition of its exact capabilities is the ultimate province through
+which final enlightenment must come.
+
+We must, therefore, recognize that on whatever we do with our mind, in
+our own little way, will depend the measure of success and happiness to
+which we may aspire. Success is not attained without effort, but every
+little effort we expend will help wonderfully in the task. Train your
+mind to think just, kind, good thoughts. Do not dwell upon the bad side
+of any problem, search for the good side, because every problem has a
+good side. So also has every human soul. When the unkind, the unjust,
+the bad thought is conveyed to you by another, do not admit it, do not
+dwell upon it, render it negative at once by assuring yourself that
+there is another side to the question. We all know how easy it is to
+kick the under dog. We all have in mind some friend, some acquaintance,
+some old lady, perhaps, who is famous in her community for her kindly
+ways, and for her kindly thoughts. The two go together. It is well known
+among her friends that she will not tolerate any unkind, unjust, evil
+report, of even the humblest or lowest member of society to be expressed
+in her presence, without instantly defending the maligned victim, by
+picturing the possible other side. Her life has been an example, an
+inspiration in the community, because she has always exerted a kindly,
+sympathetic, helpful influence. It is this atmosphere, this environment,
+that checks gossip, stifles scandal, saves heartaches, and prevents
+domestic tragedies.
+
+The most interesting study you will ever engage in, if you are true to
+yourself, will be the working of your own mind.
+
+The resourcefulness of your brain will be a constant pleasure to you.
+You will be aided by books and you will find a lesson in every thing you
+see and hear. Life will appear different, and you will rise above the
+plane in which the little routine annoyances of daily life seem burdens
+and sorrows. A woman, if she goes about it "in the right way," can do
+with her lover-husband what she pleases. If she uses that power for
+selfish motives, or for a wrong purpose, in the end she will be the
+loser. If she is far seeing, and uses her power to build up a home, and
+is just, and respects her husband, and honestly gives him his true place
+in her scheme, and loves and honors him, and is tactful, there is no
+limit to what she may accomplish, so far as the personal happiness of
+herself and husband and children are concerned. We all know that law is
+not always justice. We likewise know that there is no such anomaly as a
+perfect human being. The ability to gain a point, without apparent
+coercion, or a sacrifice of truth or honor, depends upon the successful
+qualities that go toward the building up of a complete and harmonious
+personality. It is an axiom in psychology that to attain the highest
+success, one must first understand, and, understanding, conquer the bad,
+and develop the good features in one's own temperament, before
+attempting to rule the conduct of any other person. You must understand
+yourself before you attempt to understand your husband. Many of his best
+qualities,--qualities that if rightly understood, will go a long way
+toward making your life a happy one,--can be misunderstood,
+misinterpreted, and become incessant factors for doubt, jealousy and
+quarreling.
+
+Because your husband prefers to do a thing in a way that does not quite
+satisfy your taste, does not necessarily mean that he is wrong, and such
+a condition does not justify an argument. Consider the matter seriously,
+in silence argue it out with yourself and give his side the same justice
+you hope to get. If you can develop convincing proofs, that his way is
+not the best way, even though it isn't really wrong ethically, he will
+probably concede the point, provided,--and don't overlook this,--you "go
+about it in the right way, and in the right spirit." It isn't likely you
+will be given a patient hearing, if in the past you have been in the
+habit of nagging and browbeating him. Don't look upon tactful ways of
+gaining your point as evidence of weakness. It is distinctly an evidence
+of strength of character, and, each time you win a point in a friendly
+debate with your husband, you will have gained much. He will respect you
+all the more because of your justice; and will secretly admire you
+because of your ability to protect yourself. You will gain confidence in
+your judgment, and you will see things in a broader, and from a less
+selfish standpoint.
+
+YOUR HUSBAND'S FRIENDS SHOULD BE YOUR FRIENDS.--Be sure your husband's
+friends are your friends. Business or professional exigencies do not
+always permit a man to choose or select his acquaintances. You can be
+sure, however, he will not ask or expect you to associate with any
+doubtful person, though it may be necessary to extend a welcome to an
+undesirable business, or professional associate, for the time being.
+When these occasions occur, do not mar the opportunity to help by any
+exhibition of temper, or dissatisfaction. He may be trying to make the
+best of an unfortunate incident. Help him. Do not discourage him for at
+heart his object is to gain some business advantage that will redound to
+your advantage as well as his own.
+
+Nothing pleases a man more than to know that his wife is "a good
+fellow," that no matter what seems to be questionable on the surface, he
+can rely upon her to know that everything is right underneath,--that his
+motive is good.
+
+Do not invite him to tell a lie in order to avoid a scolding. Nothing is
+more unfortunate, nothing is more easy for an ordinarily good, but
+misunderstood man, than the tendency to fib about little things, if he
+feels in his heart that his wife will scold,--that she will fail to see
+the point. It wounds his self-respect to have to do so, yet he selects
+the minor evil as he sees it, he sacrifices his manhood in the interests
+of domestic peace.
+
+TWO KINDS OF PEOPLE IN THE WORLD.--Roughly, there are two kinds of
+individuals in the world, the individual who will, and the individual
+who will not. There are individuals who will not see the truth, who
+fail to see the point in an argument, who are obtuse and obstinate. This
+trait is largely wilful perversity and ignorance. We cannot help noting
+them in the passing, but we scarcely hope to interest them, though we
+cannot restrain our sympathy.
+
+Young wives who come within this category will remain the laggards, the
+degenerates. Their evolution is revolution, they become the
+fault-finders, the discontents, the gossips. They do not love themselves
+nor are they loved by any human being. They are the domestic failures.
+As wives they dishonor the sex, as mothers they dishonor God.
+
+In reality, there is but one thing in the universe--mind. By "mind," we
+mean the ability to reason. Every human being comes into the world with
+this ability. Our health, happiness, efficiency, success, depends
+absolutely upon how we utilize this birthright. There is no limitation
+to this ability. Heredity and environment have little to do with it. It
+is a personal equation. "It depends upon how you do it," has been
+frequently reiterated in the preceding pages. This implies, to what use
+you put your mind, and this is the secret of the young wife's efficiency
+and success. True happiness is a mind product. It is a creation of mind
+activity. The evanescent pleasures are not character builders, but a
+created thought is a pregnant possibility. The young wife who begins her
+wedded life with ideals with the determination to succeed, with certain
+well thought out plans, will progress. Her world is her husband and her
+home. Her husband must succeed, her home must be comfortable and happy.
+She must contribute her full share in achieving these results. If she
+permits her personal amusement to be the dominant purpose she will fail.
+She cannot transgress the law and remain immune. How can she begin
+right? Give her best to her home. A woman who gives her most gracious
+smiles and her most captivating manners to society, is false to her
+husband and her home. The prettiest gown and the brightest jewels should
+grace her own dinner table. To bring them out only to attend a
+reception, or a tea party, is a desecration. Many women expend their
+moral and spiritual strength upon the "club," and bring the withering
+remnants as a sacrifice to the blighted home fireside. We have no right
+to help build a church, or foster a philanthropy by depleting our
+strength and resources in the effort, only to give the frazzled ends of
+our talents to home and home-making. Nor has a woman any right to
+exhaust her strength in the toil of mere housekeeping, and reserve for
+the evening hour of conversation a bundle of quivering nerves and an
+exasperated temper. These women are not home-makers. Their ideal of
+wifehood and motherhood is fundamentally wrong. Every power of the body,
+and of the mind and spirit, should be devoted to the achievement of a
+home atmosphere. It is the creation of this quality that spells
+contentment, peace, happiness, and no other.
+
+A young wife with an ideal, with a definite plan, and with a true
+appreciation of her dignity and importance, will never find time to
+daily gossip over the back fence with her neighbor, nor will she join
+the sewing circle whose function is well known to be scandal bartering.
+"Give your best to your home,"--one of the great advantages of having a
+specific plan is that it wholly engages our mind. If we have an object
+in view, if we want something, it implies interest, and if we are
+interested deeply in something we think about it. Every spare moment
+will be used by the mind in devising ways and means to achieve our
+purpose. We will not find time to seek the questionable amusement of
+gossip. The women who are eternally poking their noses into other
+people's business, who burden their minds with other people's affairs,
+who are busybodies, always neglect their homes and their children. They
+have no ideals, they are the derelicts of the community. Remember that
+"Satan finds some mischief still for idle minds to do."
+
+THE MOST POPULAR WOMAN.--The most popular woman is the one whom a
+majority of all women would vote for in a popularity contest. Many women
+are so notoriously vixenish and jealous of members of their own sex,
+that, it would seem to be worth while to analyze the qualifications of
+the most popular woman, in an effort to discover the one quality which
+appeals to her own sex. After exhausting the list, we find the most
+popular woman possesses, in a high degree, the quality of tactful, or
+diplomatic flattery. The art of flattery is an acquired habit. Statesmen
+and politicians know its value. Even the little seekers after public
+office cultivate it assiduously. It is undoubtedly an asset of much
+value in every sphere of life, but it must not be overdone. Every member
+of the human-family will tolerate a large amount of it without showing
+resentment. This is the reason why it is a valuable asset and of such
+general usefulness. Sometimes a woman will boast that she detests
+flattery, yet she is highly pleased when you tell her that the one
+quality you admire in her is that she cannot be flattered. If,
+therefore, the young wife desires to become popular, for her own sake,
+or if she regards this as one way to contribute to her husband's
+efficiency, should his success depend upon public approval,--she may
+cultivate the art of diplomatic flattery. The cultivation of any art is
+not a one-sided accomplishment. It is beneficial in many ways, and aids
+distinctly in character building. No one, for example, can acquire the
+art of tactful flattery and retain a sour or mean disposition. To
+flatter efficiently you must seem delighted, and the delight must
+express itself in smiles and kindly words. These habits will impress
+themselves upon your inner consciousness, and before you know it, the
+habit will be a constituent part of your temperamental armamentarium.
+
+The most popular woman will acquire the habit of making some flattering
+observation every time anyone's name is mentioned, and she will never be
+guilty of criticising a living person or a dead one. She will make it
+her rule in life, in order to sustain her reputation, never to make an
+enemy. She will cultivate the insinuating art of shaking hands, of
+smiling sweetly, and of making apropos remarks. No one will ever leave
+her without feeling that she is an exceedingly gracious person. She will
+even convey to them, in her inimitable way, the impression that she
+thinks they are "just right." She will use "blarney" as a science in an
+artful way. The flattering remarks she will make regarding others will
+be passed along by those to whom she makes them, and she will be
+responsible for an epidemic of egoism all over town. It is a wonderful
+art.
+
+If the young wife keeps this up for some time she will begin to notice
+certain things. She will be accorded much flattering attention herself
+and she will be treated with marked consideration wherever she goes. She
+will be received cordially, and every aspiring other woman will make
+strenuous efforts to include her among her friends. She will be invited
+to participate in public functions when members of her sex take part,
+and she will be favored and her interests furthered in all social
+organizations.
+
+She will, without doubt, wear her laurels becomingly, and her success
+will be easily acquired. Her spirits, and her health will promptly
+respond to the elixir of her interesting labors. Life will be full of
+new and surprising interests and it will be well worth the effort
+expended. Sleep will be more refreshing, she will not be troubled with
+nerves, and her appetite will be a source of profound thankfulness to
+her. She will radiate a quality of good-fellowship that will be
+infectious, and her whole philosophy of existence will be charity
+itself. Surely it is worth while.
+
+CHOOSING YOUR FRIENDS.--The young wife should choose her friends with
+caution. Remember you are beginning a new life in which even trivial
+matters may exercise an influence that will be bad. One should
+appreciate the difference between true friendship and indulging in
+friendly relationship with promiscuous acquaintances. A physician has a
+better opportunity of observing the conduct of the feminine element of a
+community than any other person. We have come to divide young wives into
+two types: those who attend strictly to their own affairs, and those who
+mostly attend to their neighbors' affairs. It is not too much to say
+that a young wife's time will be wholly occupied if she has begun her
+housekeeping career with the intention of becoming a home-maker. She
+cannot, therefore, afford to waste her time with promiscuous
+acquaintances. Women who become promiscuous in their friendships have
+time to waste for a number of reasons,--
+
+1st. Their husband and home is not their whole existence. If success and
+happiness depend upon how the first year of wedded life is employed,
+then husband and home should be the young wife's whole existence.
+
+2nd. Women with time to waste have no ideals. Women without ideals are
+not home-makers. A home-maker cannot acquire any information from a
+woman who wastes her time in idleness.
+
+3rd. Idleness creates mischief. One who is idle is a mischief maker. An
+idle brain is looking for amusement, and as the impulses of an idle
+brain are evil, these women are gossips, and scandal-mongers, and
+home-breakers.
+
+4th. True friendship demands nothing. Promiscuous friendship on the
+other hand does demand something, and as these women live in the evil
+atmosphere, they live mentally on scandal and gossip. This is their
+mental plane and they give and take nothing higher than that which they
+understand.
+
+The young wife will, therefore, be wary of this form of friendship.
+Infinite harm is being done in every community in the country in this
+way. No home, no person is too sacred for the vituperative tongues of
+these scandal-mongers. They are densely ignorant though they may be
+fluent talkers. They ingratiate themselves into the confidence of a
+willing victim, learn the victim's secrets, and rend her to pieces on
+the next street corner. Many a man has begun wedded life with the
+laudable intention of helping to mold his young wife's mentality, of
+preserving her innocence and purity of thought, only to be undone by the
+evil machinations of these human derelicts. He will be amazed and
+astonished at the opinions she gives utterance to, and if he does not
+find out where she is getting them, and check the desecration going on,
+she will be beyond his reach in the very near future. No self-respecting
+woman will tolerate such acquaintances. There are, however, many
+innocent, pure women, who are innately too gentle to assert themselves
+by insulting another woman at this stage of their experience, who have
+the makings of a good wife and mother, who wittingly become victims by
+reason of their very gentleness, and consequently lose their ideals, and
+drift into failures.
+
+True friendship is necessary. Many men and women rightly attribute their
+whole success and happiness to having had the right kind of a friend or
+friends. Charles Kingsley when asked by Mrs. Browning to tell her the
+secret of his life, said, "I had a friend," A friendship that is not an
+inspiration, an incentive to higher thoughts and nobler deeds, is not
+true. "True friendship demands nothing." It gives. We should cultivate
+the friendship of those who know more than we do, so that we may learn
+and profit by the relationship. Some people radiate sympathy and
+helpfulness and inspiration. Instinctively we can tell those people when
+we come into their presence. We leave them, not once, but always, with
+the feeling that there is something about them that energizes and
+inspires. They draw out our better selves. We are conscious of our
+shortcomings and faults, and in their company we strive to give
+utterance to worthy thoughts. We feel capable of great deeds. If we
+could surround ourselves with these friends, we feel that life would
+mean more, and that we could accomplish much. "He that walketh with wise
+men shall be wise." This is where true friendship is valuable. These
+moments of inspiration help us to pull ourselves together. We climb a
+little higher; we see further and clearer; we learn the meaning of
+life's duty; they change the whole complexion of living. The little
+things, the annoyances, the disappointments, the failures, the pains,
+the sorrows, the passions, we see in their true perspective and they no
+longer usurp importance, because we are beginning to learn the
+significance of the things beyond. The incidents of life are no longer
+life itself.
+
+One friend, one true friend to the young wife, will indeed be a tower of
+strength to her. Every young wife needs a friend. The desire for
+sympathy dwells in every human heart. Even the assiduous person needs
+encouragement and a little praise. It is wonderful how a mite of
+laudation will prod us to be more worthy. Even our joys never
+intoxicate save in the telling. By sharing our happiness and joys with
+another we double them. True friendship means confidence, affection,
+harmony, love. To be in harmony with one person means that we invite the
+harmony of all mankind.
+
+If man is made in the image of God every human being must be more or
+less divine. Confidence, affection, harmony, love,--the attributes of
+true friendship,--are the divine sparks in our humanity. True
+friendship, therefore, is growth in the divine sense. There are real
+things in life which we seldom acknowledge but which are, nevertheless,
+real. We do not often admit the existence of the divine in ourselves,
+but it is there. If we did acknowledge it oftener we would live nearer
+the truth, nearer God.
+
+When we read in the public press the story of the _Titanic_ disaster,
+how after all the boats had gone, and the ill-fated ship poised, before
+she took her awful plunge, how the doomed souls stood on her decks and
+lifted their trembling voices in unison with the brave orchestra to the
+strain of "Nearer My God to Thee,"--something clutches at our
+heartstrings, and we find the divine reality trying to come to the
+surface to express itself in that universal friendship out of which
+heroes are made. When we stand by the bedside, watching the fitful,
+final breaths of a well-loved child, or of an old, honored and faithful
+mother, there creeps into our consciousness feelings with which we are
+strangers, but they are ours, part of the divinity in us which in the
+work-a-day-world we stifle and crush. Friendship and no other human
+quality brings this divine element into our actual life. Those who have
+never had a friend have never solved the riddle of human nature.
+
+We must remember, however, that there are those whose lives are denials
+of this divinity. They are incapable of true friendship, and they, in
+prosperous days, deride the sentiment involved and consider any
+reference to such matters as silly and mawkish. These blustering heroes,
+however, are the ones who shriek the loudest when fate places them on
+sinking decks.
+
+Strive to be worthy of a true friendship. Be willing to give of the best
+that is in you. We need the inspiration of the divine that is hidden in
+us, we should not crush or fail to acknowledge the presence of the
+still, small voice that speaks of love and for love. Remember, that, "By
+your friends shall ye be known."
+
+
+EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS
+
+Used in the Following Three Illustrations
+
+[Illustration]
+
+A     Alcoholic--meaning decidedly intemperate, a drunkard.
+B     Blind             I    Insane        Sy   Syphilitic
+C     Criminalistic     M    Migrainous    Sx   Sexually immoral
+D     Deaf              Neu. Neurotic      T    Tuberculosis
+E     Epileptic         Par. Paralytic     W    Wanderer, tramp
+G     Goitre
+
+
+HEREDITARY FEEBLE-MINDEDNESS[A]
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The above chart illustrates the first great law of hereditary
+feeble-mindedness; that if both parents are blighted all offsprings will
+be blighted. The family represented is plainly very low grade. It is one
+of that kind found in every community, growing like rank weeds to menace
+society. It is small wonder that with production like this permitted
+criminality springs full-fledged into the world.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+This chart is particularly interesting, showing as it does the marriage
+of a normal man with, first a normal woman, and subsequently with
+feeble-minded women. The taint of the feeble mind is inevitable. Whereas
+the grandchildren by his second marriage appear normal there is always
+the danger of their progeny being blighted by the taint that is in their
+blood. The horror of the third marriage is too evident.
+
+[Footnote A: "Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences," Goddard,
+The Macmillan Company.]
+
+MAKING RESOLVES.--In a preceding chapter I remarked, that every human
+thought, deed, act, prayer, etc., must conform to certain laws, if by
+their use we desired to achieve results. We know this is true, but we do
+not always obey the rule, and in the end we wonder why we are failures.
+
+Psychology has formulated laws, based upon actual experiment, regulating
+every department of mental endeavor, or every branch of systematized
+mental achievement. These laws show that there are fixed rules, by which
+mental effort is regulated, systematized and classified, and that the
+human mind conforms to these laws even when working in ignorance of
+them. No matter how we may deduce facts, or reason from analogy, we obey
+fundamental principles.
+
+In a recent magazine article I read the following:
+
+     "This is my own story of why and how I rose, fell and rose
+     again. It would not be told but for the fact that I have
+     learned by an Experience mixed with some bitterness, that all
+     such things are governed by fixed business laws and rules and
+     move always in obedience to them. There is as I know, a law of
+     failure and a law of success. There is even a law of
+     mediocrity. Every man is controlled by that one of these three
+     laws which he elects to invoke and to follow."
+
+     "The laws themselves are fixed and unchanging; man is the only
+     variable unit in the equation. He succeeds, he fails or he
+     slumps into mediocrity according to the law with which he
+     voluntarily or by predisposition puts himself in harmony. This
+     is my belief, based on my own adventures with these laws and my
+     observation of other men who have dined and lived with them on
+     intimate, though not always friendly, terms."
+
+This was written by a successful business man in an article reviewing
+the "ups and downs" of his business experiences. It does one good to
+read such confessions. To the thinking individual it suggests the need
+of serious, whole-souled, conscientious effort. If these laws exist,--as
+they most certainly do,--what is the use of trying to achieve results
+in a wrong way? Why not conform to these laws and concentrate our effort
+in the right direction? A prodigious amount of energy is wasted in
+efforts to beat the game. One may scheme and contrive until all ambition
+withers and hope fades, but no one will ever find a satisfactory
+substitute for hard work. Many lives have been frittered away in the
+foolish attempt to find the "easy road." It is doing the little things
+of life conscientiously that counts. The humble hen does one thing well.
+She lays eggs to the extent of three hundred million dollars per year,
+in this country alone. If we combine her egg yield with her chicken
+industry we find her harvest yields the enormous sum of six hundred and
+twenty million dollars per year.
+
+We are precisely what we deserve to be: we fit for what we are fitted
+for. Weaklings are sent to the rear, fighters are always in front.
+
+The young wife may resolve to win; it depends upon how she begins to
+mold herself for larger possibilities. If she cannot succeed in small
+things she will not fit when the task is bigger. Suppose you resolve to
+be considerate and agreeable to every soul you meet for one month. For
+one month you will subject yourself to a rigid test, you will be
+considerate and agreeable, no matter what the conditions are or the
+provocation may be to break your word.
+
+It is a fact that most failures are directly attributable to laziness
+rather than to lack of ability or poor health, or any other cause. It is
+the most difficult thing in the world for some people to exert
+themselves to "make the effort" to succeed. They just do enough to "hold
+their job" or to earn a living, though the possibilities around them are
+rich in promise. Many know what they ought to do, but they don't seem to
+be able to do it. Their ambition is lacking; they elect to travel the
+road to failure.
+
+If the young wife resolves to be considerate and agreeable for one
+month, she is the right kind of young wife. The right impulse is working
+within her. The very fact that she makes the resolve proves this. Most
+people are influenced by two motives, necessity and pleasure. They work
+because they have to work to exist. But a great deal of the work is
+indifferently done. The woman who skims over her household duties in a
+disinterested and frequently slovenly way, will spend much thought and a
+great amount of time to excel in appearance and in attaining results at
+a church fair, for example; or she will work assiduously sewing every
+afternoon and evening on dresses, etc., to shine during a two weeks'
+vacation at the sea shore, while her husband is being indifferently fed
+and her home all but neglected. To attain pleasure one will actually
+work efficiently though the method and the motive may be ethically
+wrong. So, when a young wife actually resolves to do something which has
+a high moral significance and which she is not compelled to do she is
+being actuated by the right kind of principle, she is following the law
+or instinct of success.
+
+THE FORMULA OF SUCCESS.--Successful men and women are frequently asked
+to give their formula of success. There is no formula of success except
+hard work. Every successful man or woman is a hard worker. There is no
+exception to this rule. We often personally know of men or women who
+"rise in the world" and sometimes we look upon them as lucky dogs, and
+wonder why fortune does not favor us. If we analyze the daily life of
+these seemingly lucky individuals we will find that they plan and work
+and scheme while you and I play and amuse ourselves. They have a certain
+system which they adhere to under all circumstances. They have worked
+hard so long that it has become a habit,--a habit that brings happiness
+and success. All of them have had their ups and downs, their worries and
+battles, but they have faced them in the front ranks, they have never
+become discouraged, they have been inspired and impelled by the
+conviction that some day the tide of battle would change. On that day
+they were determined to be ready and willing to take advantage of the
+turn of the wheel of fortune.
+
+Study the work of the next successful man or woman you meet, and see if
+the rule does not hold true. It isn't the kind of energy that is
+generated that makes the distinction between success and failure: it is
+the way in which the energy is used. To win means concentration of
+energy; let the energy be dissipated over many things and failure
+becomes a certainty. There isn't a really successful man or woman in
+existence who does not deserve success, and who has not worked hard for
+it.
+
+Success, fame, and the efforts of friends may not give us the happiness
+which we yearn for, but there is one thing that will always steer us
+safely into port--one thing that will bring us the blessing of happiness
+though all things else fail us--and that is hard work.
+
+WHEN FORTUNE KNOCKS.--Fortune is said to knock at the door of every man
+once in a lifetime. That once is all the time, for the truth is that
+fortune is knocking at our doors every day. The trouble is that we are
+not prepared to take advantage of her importuning habits. Fortune has
+her laws, and we cannot enter her chariot except by obeying these laws.
+The young wife who resolves to be considerate and agreeable for one
+month is obeying one of her laws, because, if she keeps her promise, she
+will have learnt more than she ever did in any preceding month of her
+experience. She will find, for example, that people are really more
+amiable and agreeable than she ever thought they were; that, because of
+the restraint she is exerting on her temper and self-control, she is
+growing stronger temperamentally. She has more patience, and she is more
+thorough in little things; her environment is enlarging and life is more
+interesting. The month's experience will teach her something of her own
+capabilities and resources, and she will be so interested and encouraged
+that she will determine to experiment more and in other directions. She
+is experiencing the psychology of character building--the most
+fascinating study of that most fascinating riddle, human nature. Fortune
+always favors the brave--it will favor her because she is working in the
+right direction--she is obeying the law of success.
+
+To resolve is to obey--to know what you want, to desire to succeed, to
+be willing to sacrifice self, to attain results, to smile at adversity,
+to be patient, truthful, honest, unselfish, sympathetic, in short to
+work hard every minute and all the time.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVI
+
+     "Habit is a cable: we weave a thread of it each day, and it
+     becomes so strong we cannot break it."
+
+                                        HORACE MANN.
+
+SPARE MOMENTS
+
+     The Study Habit--The Germ of Self-culture--Millions of Tiny
+     Cells in Our Brain--The Economic Value of the Study Habit--Two
+     Ways of Gaining Knowledge--Happiness in the Company of Those
+     Striving for Higher Ideals--A Young Wife's Incentive to
+     Self-culture--The Difference Between Moral and Mental
+     Disloyalty--The Study Habit Creates Its Own
+     Interest--Nosophobia, or the Dread of Disease--Keep Still and
+     Be Well.
+
+
+THE STUDY HABIT.--Every individual differs from every other individual
+according to his habits. The nature of our habits fixes our status in
+the struggle of life. If we get into the habit of thinking evil
+thoughts, we live in that atmosphere. Health is a habit, so also is
+success. Honesty, virtue, vice, procrastination, contentment,
+fault-finding, grumbling, candy eating, gossiping, drinking, sleeping,
+religion, friends, life itself, are habits. Life is what we make it. "As
+the man thinketh in his heart, so he is." Some habits are good, others
+are bad. Certain habits are constructive, others are destructive. If we
+get into the habit of doing our work thoroughly and regularly, according
+to some definite system, we encourage the habits of contentment,
+calmness, efficiency, and happiness. If we do our work spasmodically,
+irregularly, without system, if we gossip between times, we are
+eternally trying to catch up, so we encourage the habits of
+procrastination, discontent, inefficiency, fault-finding, and failure.
+We must be master or victim of our habits. We must succeed, or we must
+fail. The immutable law of life permits of no standing still. We are
+either progressing or we are retrogressing. One of the best habits, if
+not the very best, that the young wife can cultivate in her new home is
+the study habit. It is eminently a constructive habit.
+
+The germ of self-culture is latent in every healthy mind. It is an
+exceedingly virile microbe. It may begin as a fad but intrinsically it
+grows as a virtue. Environment may give it birth but its roots may not
+be circumscribed. They seek nourishment from every far and near spring
+and well, and its branches spread out to the north and south, and east
+and west, and its leaves suck into its heart, health and strength and
+color and fragrance, from the everlasting sun.
+
+In our brain are millions of tiny cells. Each cell is capable of a
+single thought. When we begin as children, we learn letters first, then
+words, then sentences or thoughts. In due time we have a sufficient
+number of cells, each with its photographed letter or word or thought.
+From this stock we reason and think and plan. These are the letters and
+words and thoughts of ordinary life. We have millions of cells left, and
+the brain is a tireless, ceaseless worker. If we keep on feeding it more
+letters, more words, more thoughts, it is satisfied, but if we stop, if
+we stagnate, it keeps on working, but it can only use the words and
+thoughts we have given it. Ceaselessly it rearranges these words in its
+effort to live. We are feeding it nothing, its circulation becomes poor,
+its vitality weak. Some day it arranges its limited number of words into
+a new thought, a bad thought, our idle mind grasps the significance of
+the new thought, and we give birth to a new piece of scandal, or we
+commit a crime. The brain is pleased, because the execution of the new
+bad impulse brought more blood, more vitality to it, and it gets the
+habit of thinking bad thoughts and conveying evil impulses. They were
+the product of idleness of mind. And as a matter of statistical fact,
+all tragedies, crimes, vices, scandal, gossip and misery are direct
+products of mental inertness or idleness.
+
+The minds of the grumbler, the gossip, the thief, the criminal, are
+poor, empty, starved, wayward minds, and their brains are small, poorly
+nourished, sickly brains. The young wife with a moment of leisure who
+has a starved, empty mind, is a victim of her passions, her
+surroundings and her ungoverned impulses. The young wife whose brain is
+being fed by the study habit, is self-contained, is master of her
+impulses and her passions. The mental latitude of one is limited to
+caprice, envy, discontent, hate and jealousy; the other is
+light-hearted, charitable, just, contented, and happy.
+
+Shut the two in a dungeon and the owner of the starved, empty brain will
+go mad. The other will find hope in her heart, and in her brain, the
+children of her thoughts will troop in, bringing solace and cheer and
+courage.
+
+From a practical standpoint the study habit has an economic value. It
+preserves health and peace of mind, it enhances efficiency, it broadens
+our sympathies and charities, and it unifies the home circle. It is an
+easy habit to acquire, and it sustains its interest: it is inexpensive.
+The Carnegie libraries, correspondence schools, the university extension
+plan of lectures, etc., contribute in a large measure to its easy
+acquirement, and to the success with which it may be pursued.
+
+TWO WAYS OF GAINING KNOWLEDGE.--We gain knowledge in two ways. First, by
+experience, which means mingling with people, exchanging ideas,
+discussing topics, listening to lectures, sermons, talks, etc. Second,
+by reading and studying. We must read and study in order to really
+understand and assimilate what we learn from experience, and what we
+hear discussed in lectures, sermons and talks. As soon as we become
+interested in a study we begin to rise above what we may call the
+everyday plane. We desire to know more, and when we know a good deal
+about one subject, we want to know something about kindred subjects, so
+we extend the latitude of our knowledge. It is marvelous how the habit
+grows. It is not work, it is pleasure. We long for spare moments to
+renew the study, and as we experience the pleasure the growth of our
+mind affords, we improve in all directions. Every cell in the brain
+sends out vibrant impulses, new life, new hope. Health means more, life
+has a meaning. We find happiness in the company of those who are
+striving for higher ideals. We perform even our menial tasks with more
+care and with more interest, because we grasp their true meaning, and
+we know that we cannot aspire to higher ideals if we are dishonest in
+little things. So the study habit makes better men and better women of
+us, and it adds to the pleasure of life all the real pleasure there is
+in living. The power to analyze, to conceive, and to create are the
+highest pleasures mankind possesses, and they can only be attained in
+any degree by education and cultivation.
+
+It is not easy to explain to the average superficially educated person
+the satisfaction to be derived from original or creative thinking. One
+must progress far enough in mental self-culture before it becomes a
+pleasure, almost an intoxication. Up to a certain point the acquirement
+of knowledge is a task, an effort, a seeming self-sacrifice; beyond that
+point it is a labor of love, a pleasure, a consecration. The crude,
+discordant efforts of a child, when it first begins to acquire a musical
+education, very convincingly illustrates the condition of mind of the
+beginner in self-culture. The task is a toil and the results do not
+stimulate further spontaneous effort. The same child, however, may
+successfully pass through the various gradations of a musical career and
+arrive at a time when effort will submerge itself; when the result of
+the knowledge acquired will be so gratifying that it will no longer be a
+toil; when the study will be pursued because of the actual pleasure it
+affords.
+
+The only worthwhile thing in life is mind. If one does not develop the
+mind, it is possible to live an entire lifetime and not really live at
+all. To exist is not to live. All the amenities of life contribute to
+existence, not to life itself. To live is to create, to give, to endow.
+
+If a book contains one original thought, it will live. Few books contain
+more than one thought, one inspiration. If it, however, suffuses that
+one thought into the hearts of men its existence will have been
+justified. We have no criterion or standard by which to judge the
+ethical value of a thought. If a thought conveys an inspiration to
+another and is productive of moral growth it has life and value because
+it creates.
+
+To exist is to blindly follow the primal instincts. To live is to
+think, to reason, to grow mentally. Consequently we must have ideals, we
+must cling tenaciously to these ideals, and, "We must know what we
+want."
+
+THE YOUNG WIFE'S INCENTIVE TO SELF-CULTURE.--A young wife has a real
+incentive to self-culture if she hopes to maintain her position in the
+home and in the affection of her husband. A man has always the advantage
+of being actively engaged in one of the two ways of acquiring knowledge.
+He mingles with people. He gains considerable knowledge and frequently
+cultivation unwittingly. He grows with his business, and as it increases
+he becomes more important in the community. He mingles with keener,
+wide-awake business men, his wits are sharpened, his brain must be alert
+and virile. A healthy active brain grows, it is responsive, it absorbs
+knowledge. As he climbs higher, he wears off the crude corners and
+assumes a worldly cultivation, which men of sound business sense can
+adapt to suit any social exigency. The wife does not have these
+advantages, and, unless she appreciates this point, she is very apt to
+remain where she was when she married, so far as mental culture is
+concerned. Now to be wife in a true sense, she must be companion. She
+must keep pace with his prosperity on the one hand and with his
+intelligence on the other. The more culture and knowledge a man attains
+the more critical he becomes, the more cultivated his tastes, the more
+cultivation he demands. Qualities that did not always grate upon his
+sensibilities become acutely objectionable in his higher mental state. A
+man may be loyal at heart, but he resents the inaptitude of a wife who
+fails to keep the mental pace. He is willing to give his wife the
+benefits of his material prosperity, but he cannot give her the finer
+evidences of his higher mentality, because, while she may have proved
+true as a wife, she failed as a companion. She fell behind in culture.
+He cannot give that which she cannot receive. The young wife should
+appreciate the difference between moral disloyalty on the part of her
+husband, and mental disloyalty. He is the transgressor in the first, and
+she is the culprit in the second delinquency. We must meet a situation
+as it exists. Moralizing does not change the conditions. A man and
+woman may be temperamentally suited to each other to-day, and in a few
+years may be wholly dissimilar in tastes. If being a wife simply implied
+more loyalty and domestic efficiency there could be no just cause for
+complaint if she failed in every other respect, but it does not. To be a
+wife more than in name, one must be friend, companion, confidant. No
+one, much less a husband, selects as a friend, companion, and confidant,
+an individual whose tastes are not in sympathy with his own, who does
+not understand the viewpoint, one in whom he cannot confide, or one
+whose intelligence is crude. A man can obtain a housekeeper anywhere,
+but he cannot buy a home-maker, a companion, a friend, or a confidant.
+
+The study habit will create the interest. If you once get it, only death
+can take it from you. If you become interested, no man can grow away
+from you, and no man can take from you the worlds it will open up. You
+must, however, begin the study habit with the determination to acquire
+knowledge. You must want intensely to succeed, and you must be willing
+to sacrifice self, and to work diligently. "If you quit, it simply shows
+you did not want an education, you only thought you did,--you are not
+willing to pay the price."
+
+NOSOPHOBIA, OR THE DREAD OF DISEASE.--There is one disease I would warn
+the young wife not to acquire. It is called nosophobia. It is without
+doubt the most serious sickness with which any member of the human
+family may be afflicted.
+
+In another part of this book I have written the story of the aged
+philosopher, who, on being asked to name the worst troubles he had in
+life, answered, "I am quite sure my greatest worries, and my worst
+troubles were those that never happened." This reply is well worth
+thinking about; it contains matter for serious reflection, and what
+makes it so suggestive and valuable is that it can be proved true by the
+experience of our own lives.
+
+Nosophobia means dread of disease. It may astonish many to know that
+such a condition is regarded as a disease, and that it has been given a
+name. Instead, however, of it being a rare disease, or an unusual
+condition, we find it is one of the commonest diseases, and one of the
+most easily acquired conditions. In fact, it is so easily acquired
+nowadays that we have to be constantly on guard against it. Though we
+may not be its victim, we have all felt its influence at some time, and
+even one experience of it is sufficient to satisfy the most exacting. It
+is an absolute medical fact, that the dread of disease will render one
+more profoundly miserable and unhappy, and will cause more mental and
+physical incompetents than will any severe, prolonged, actual sickness.
+People who are victims of nosophobia are probably the most miserable and
+wretched individuals on earth. This is essentially so because of the
+peculiar characteristics of the disease. It is an insinuating and
+insidious ailment and its progress is cumulative. When we begin to worry
+about our health the germ of nosophobia takes up its habitation in our
+midst and we never know another happy moment.
+
+The dread of disease is probably more common now than it used to be,
+partly because people know more about it, and, therefore, have more
+material out of which to manufacture dreads, and partly because a large
+number of people have the leisure to worry about various symptoms and
+sensations that come to them, and the significance of which they
+exaggerate by dwelling on them until they become positive torments. It
+is particularly those who have not much to do, and, above all, those who
+have absolutely nothing to do who suffer most from the affection.
+Children never suffer from this malady because pains and aches have no
+significance to them. The probability of death through sickness never
+bothers them. Their minds are always occupied. They are always busy,
+they think only of life and of living. As we grow older, however, we
+become introspective and we permit conditions to favor the development
+of a wrong mental attitude. We accentuate the seriousness of each
+trifling pain and illness, and the specter of death looms up in the path
+of each ailment. Soon we spend needless time in worry and we imagine we
+are not as healthy as we ought to be and that we may probably die in the
+near future. This affects our temperament and our efficiency. Life is
+no longer tolerable or attractive, and we shortly are numbered with the
+failures and the incompetents.
+
+One of the unfortunate consequences of nosophobia is that a victim of it
+not only renders her own life miserable, but she unfortunately affects
+the happiness of every member of the household. She is as a rule gloomy
+and morose, and this constant depressive environment is not conducive to
+the success of any effort toward creating moments of amusement and
+happiness. Her presence acts as a deterrent and repeated failures to
+overcome this domestic cloud finally result in a complete cessation of
+all effort. Things fall into a rut and each member of the family seek
+their various forms of diversion outside the home circle.
+
+These individuals are sometimes spoken of as "trouble seekers." In a
+sense, the term is appropriate, because the troubles which wreck their
+peace of mind never occur. In the beginning there is usually some slight
+physical ailment. As a rule, it is some form of nervous indigestion.
+Under appropriate and adequate treatment such forms of indigestion are
+readily curable in ordinary individuals, but these patients are not
+ordinary individuals. They are perverse and opinionated. They have their
+own ideas. It is impossible to convince them that they are not as sick
+as they imagine. They think the physician fails to quite comprehend
+their cases,--that he does not recognize the serious side of the
+ailment, and so they are never wholly satisfied with medical assistance.
+The little incidental pains of the indigestion are indications of heart
+disease to such a patient and she acts in sympathy with this awful
+affliction; the real explanation being that the gas produced by the
+indigestion bothers the heart for the time being. She is very apt to
+diet as a consequence, one article after another being avoided until she
+is living on a starvation diet. She fails to appreciate the fact that
+she needs more nourishment, not less; that her stomach is in good
+condition, the fault being with her nerves. She finally becomes anemic
+and neurasthenic and a misanthrope.
+
+The young wife can readily appreciate that, to expect domestic success
+and happiness under such circumstances, would be impossible. Yet there
+are young wives who develop this habit of accentuating their little
+pains and ailments inordinately, to their husbands, on every occasion.
+They adopt this dangerous means of exciting extra sympathy and
+caressing. Some do it in explanation of their failure to perform their
+household duties efficiently--a laziness plea pure and simple.
+
+These inefficient and tricky little ladies find that it is easy to
+impose upon their unsuspecting husbands, so they proceed to work out the
+details to their own satisfaction. After spending the day sight-seeing
+or shopping or gossiping, and having neglected their work and feeling
+tired, they assume a becomingly abandoned position on the big, new,
+comfortable couch, practice a few heartbreaking sighs and experiment
+with the tear supply. These details are arranged and timed to be
+effective just as Jack opens the hall door with the latchkey. We can
+picture what follows without making any effort to dramatize the
+incident. But if the reader will try to create mental pictures of the
+frequently recurring home-comings under the same circumstances, she will
+develop interesting studies in domestic psychology as she watches the
+effect upon Jack when the truth begins to dawn upon him.
+
+It needs no oracle to assure these women that they are traveling along a
+road that has only one ending. Love is as old as the hills, and the
+older it gets, like the wise old hills, a wiser old love it becomes. It
+exacts its price, and its price is an equal love. There never was a love
+born--except maternal love--that will sustain itself after the knowledge
+dawns upon it that it is being bartered away and imposed upon. The day
+of reckoning comes in time and the dream is over.
+
+Do not forget that the first year of married life is the trial year--the
+real test of your soul-merit. During that first year you carve, as it
+were, on a monument, in a thousand different ways, the ineffaceable
+record of whether you deserve success and happiness in the struggle of
+life. In what should be the after-glow of love's young dream--the first
+precious weeks and months as a young wife--no element will be more
+subtly dangerous than the art of duplicity. Before a young wife
+determines to practice deception she should fully appreciate the
+inevitable consequences. If, under the mistaken idea that she can easily
+deceive her husband, because "he trusts me so," she believes she may
+continue to do so with impunity, she is the most elementary of all silly
+little fools. She has failed to observe that the great law of the
+universe acts in the interest of the rich and poor, the fool and the
+philosopher alike. She will become too clever and like all fools and
+criminals she will give herself away. She will wake up to find that she
+has been playing with the sacred things of earth--home and a husband's
+love; that, never again can she reestablish the affection and confidence
+which she has trampled upon and defiled; that the future is a mortgaged
+hope and she herself an unclean and unworthy thing.
+
+Practicing the art of duplicity in simulating physical ailments will, if
+persisted in, establish nosophobia. The patient will come to believe
+that she is not exactly well. She will establish the habit of feeling
+sick. This will render her mind diseased and the diseased mind will in
+turn suggest new and additional aches and pains, and she will soon not
+know whether she is sick or well. The dread of disease will effect its
+retribution and soon she will be, in fact, an unhappy and an
+unsuccessful young wife.
+
+Modern conditions unfortunately favor the easy development of nosophobia
+in young wives. Our larger knowledge of the symptoms of diseased
+conditions tends to render the analysis of localized pain more
+definitely and more suggestively. Certain pains, we are told by hearsay
+busybodies, mean certain serious conditions, and the category of these
+diseases extends from indigestion to consumption and to cancer. To the
+victim of nosophobia this suggestive knowledge is a constant terror and
+an ever present nightmare. To the normal healthy mind they mean nothing
+and suggest less.
+
+The modern young housewife has a superabundance of spare time. The
+utilization of the young wife's spare time is of the most momentous
+importance as we have previously pointed out. It is the one commodity
+which will speak in the after years in words of solace and cheer or in
+regret and condemnation--according to how these precious moments are
+spent. If these moments are not spent in a way best fitted to wholly
+occupy the mind, the mental attitude--to which we previously referred,
+and which is conducive to the cultivation of nosophobia--will have been
+developed.
+
+There are certain kindred conditions that may partly explain, to the
+ordinary healthy person, the real distress of mind into which these
+self-centered sufferers sink. The fear of a thunder storm, for example,
+creates profound dread and distress of mind in some people. The dread of
+dirt, of sharp instruments, of certain insects and animals, of darkness,
+of an ocean voyage, and of great heights, are common examples of this
+type of mind-distress of which the characteristic symptom is an
+inexplicable and uncontrollable dread. The same system of
+self-discipline and self-control is necessary to effect a cure of these
+various forms of mind-distress as is necessary in the successful
+treatment of dread of disease. To none of these other forms, however, is
+attached the same degree of seriousness by the laity as they attach
+unjustly to nosophobia. The conditions are all the same, but they reason
+that the dread of darkness or dirt or mice or height cannot possibly
+bring death or seriously affect the health or happiness, while sickness
+and the dread of it, means--so they imagine--pain and maybe death.
+Medically, nosophobia has no such significance. The condition exists
+only in the mind and the same effort at self-discipline will cure the
+dread of disease as well as the dread of any other possible condition.
+It is this element of mind, however, that lends itself to the cure of
+this condition by other means than legitimate medical advice and so we
+have had "healers" and "miracle workers" who have sprung up from time to
+time in the history of the world, who have cleverly taken advantage of
+this element in human nature, and reaped a rich reward.
+
+"KEEP STILL AND BE WELL."--To instruct the young wife how she may guard
+against acquiring this habit, we would suggest that she "keep still and
+be well."
+
+When the world appreciates better the psychology of thought, its
+tremendous significance will have a concrete meaning. We are too apt to
+regard the thought we give utterance to as a meaningless thing, so far
+as its influence is concerned. The woman who harps upon her ailments,
+who appears at the breakfast table with a depressed and melancholy
+visage, who regales us with an account of how poorly she slept, the
+nightmares she experienced, the pain she suffers, and who puts into her
+inflection the poison of self-pity is an emissary of Satan. I have seen
+a whole family's happiness for the day destroyed by the meaningless
+ranting of a hysterical woman. Life is hard enough for all, for each of
+us to at least wish each other well.
+
+The individual who cultivates the habit of carrying sunshine and good
+cheer to the breakfast table belongs to the sort of folk who help and
+inspire the whole world to a greater achievement. If one is sent away
+each morning from home with a cheery word and a radiant good-by he is
+inspired with the virtue of success and his efficiency is ensured.
+
+Cultivate the art of contentment and remember that relationship does not
+imply liberty; you have no right to send out into the world a member of
+your family depressed and miserable because of your irritability and
+evil habits.
+
+"Keep still and be well." If you cannot say a good word about a
+fellow-being, say none at all. Don't become a scandal-monger. We can
+forgive those who talk evil about us--they talk to hear themselves talk.
+The gossip germ is born of ignorance and vacuity and breeds best in idle
+minds. No one is influenced by the vaporings of a gossip, her words die
+in empty air. She injures herself only. The loquacious pest who brings
+to us the tales which the scandal-monger manufactures is the one who
+robs us of our peace and is unforgivable. To dignify the malicious
+intentions and idle nothings of an evil mind by carrying them further is
+an expression of degeneracy that is urgently in need of active
+disinfection. To vilify another is foolish; to repeat it, is the
+function of a rogue. Your friends bring you the glad tidings of the good
+things that are said about you: your enemies are those who, in the holy
+name of friendship, bring to you the poison of evil gossip. "Keep still
+and be well."
+
+
+
+
+THE HOME
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVII
+
+     "If we are eager to do something to lighten the load of
+     another, eager to sacrifice self; to cheer, and counsel, and
+     inspire; to leave unsaid some unkind word, to forget our own
+     troubles in the larger trouble of a friend, we are
+     home-builders."
+
+     "A married woman can't decently spend her life in playing
+     bridge, and in running ribbons through her underclothing She
+     hasn't any right just to camp on her husband's trail.
+
+     "No woman on earth has a right to maintenance unless she gives
+     value received."
+
+DOMESTIC QUALITIES
+
+     A Good Housekeeper and Home-maker--What Constitutes a good
+     Housekeeper--Preparation and Selection of Meals--Washing
+     Dishes--Pots and Pans--Dusting and Cleaning--Work Cheerfully
+     and Be Thorough--Don't Be a Dust Chaser--Don't Get the
+     Anti-sunshine Habit--Air Your Rooms--The Ideal Home--The
+     Medical Essentials of a Good Meal--What Makes the Home--Working
+     for Something--The Average Housewife's Existence Is
+     Slavery--What Shall We Work For--Making Ends Meet--Rest and
+     Recreation--Try a Nap--Get Enough Sleep at Night--Go Out of
+     Doors--Take a Vacation Now and Then--Life Insurance--Owning a
+     Home--The Cheerful Wife and Mother--The Indifferent Wife and
+     Mother--Husband and Wife.
+
+
+A GOOD HOUSEKEEPER AND HOME-MAKER.--If the young wife carries out the
+suggestions made on the preceding pages and thereby contributes her part
+to establishing the material success of the co-partnership, will she
+profit in any other way?
+
+She will have become a good housekeeper and home-maker.
+
+Housekeeping is an acquired art, home-making is a moral quality, an
+instinct. Housekeeping conducted as an art is superfluous. Home-making
+is a triumph under any circumstances. There are many good housekeepers;
+there are few competent home-makers. Housekeeping may easily be
+overdone; home-making can never be overdone. A beautiful house is not
+necessarily a beautiful home. Housekeeping should be conducted with a
+view to home-making and never for any other reason. Sometimes we see
+housekeeping brought to its highest perfection by the same woman who
+never did understand the simplest rudiments of home-making. The woman
+who becomes the victim of the housekeeping mania never realizes it; it
+is an insidious art.
+
+There can be no doubt that a well-kept house is a thing of beauty. So
+also is a marble statue, but it is cold and bloodless.
+
+The young wife must strive to combine the two faculties. She should be
+an efficient housekeeper in a happy, comfortable home.
+
+WHAT CONSTITUTES AN EFFICIENT HOUSEKEEPER?--An efficient housekeeper is
+one who has acquired the knowledge necessary to perform all the duties
+of housekeeping, and who executes these duties efficiently, with the
+least possible expenditure of time and labor.
+
+It is an absolute fact that most young wives begin housekeeping with the
+crudest ideas as to what housekeeping means. It has been pointed out
+many times, that many mothers bring their daughters up without
+instructing them in the elementary principles of keeping house. It is
+nevertheless necessary to repeat this statement over and over again, and
+to point out the enormity of the injustice done. Even if a daughter is
+fortunate enough to marry a man who is capable of supplying all the help
+necessary, a wife should know enough to intelligently discern if the
+work is properly done. If she does not understand the rudiments of
+housekeeping, and has no help, her inefficiency may be directly
+responsible for breaking up the home.
+
+PREPARATION AND SELECTION OF MEALS.--Thoroughness and simplicity are the
+two essentials to a satisfactory meal. If the articles are thoroughly
+cooked and the selection simple, there is no chance for trouble. A
+breakfast of fruit, a thoroughly cooked cereal with cream, a boiled egg
+and toasted bread and butter, is simple and is adequate. Freshly
+prepared hot biscuits sound good, but, unless you know your oven and
+have had a lot of experience, they are apt to result disastrously. Even
+if you are an expert, don't make them. They are very bad for digestion.
+
+For dinner, lots of thoroughly cooked vegetables, a small piece of steak
+or two lamb chops, bread (at least one day old), and good butter, a
+baked apple, stewed prunes, or rice, boiled for three hours, is enough
+for any one. Have your meals on time. Be sure the table cloth and
+napkins are clean, and your dishes hot. Establish the habit of being
+cheerful at meals, of eating slowly, and of coming to the table with a
+clean, fresh dress.
+
+WASHING DISHES.--While your husband is reading the evening paper, wash
+your dishes. Washing dishes is an art. Few young wives acquire it. The
+secret is, a big basin, lots of hot water, lots of soap, and a desire to
+wash them clean. If you wash them clean, don't smear them over by drying
+them with a greasy dishcloth. Wash your dishrag and drying towel every
+day, and hang them up to dry in the sun.
+
+POTS AND PANS.--How they are neglected! If you have any pride as a
+housekeeper, be clean. Hot water, soap, a cleansing powder and a little
+effort, and your pots and pans will be a credit to you. Have a system.
+Take time. Keep your kitchen tidy. Don't let work accumulate from meal
+to meal or from day to day. It is astonishing how lazy and dirty some
+women are. We have seen young women on the street, dressed tidily and
+smartly, and we have gone into the homes of these women and have been
+disgusted and nauseated with their general appearance. There is
+absolutely no excuse for this, and a young wife who gets into the habit
+of being indifferent is a disgrace to her sex. She cannot hope for
+success or happiness.
+
+DUSTING AND CLEANING.--Every home should be thoroughly cleaned once a
+week. A certain day should be selected for the purpose. A certain system
+should be followed. After it has been done a number of times, you will
+devise ways and means of doing it quicker, easier and better. New
+methods will suggest themselves from time to time, so, by planning and
+systematizing, you will get rid of the drudgery part, and there will be
+a constant incentive present to beat your past record. You must get rid
+of the feeling that it is uninteresting drudgery and slavery. A woman
+who looks upon her work in that light is not deserving of any better
+fate, and she will not get much further. If you are one of these
+perverse individuals who resent advice; if you object to being told the
+truth; if you do not want to profit by experience; if you are satisfied
+as you are, don't waste your precious time reading books. No author can
+tell you how to get something for nothing; no teacher can instruct
+others in anything. He can only awaken thought and arouse impulses. The
+law of life is harmony. An individual who wastes God's precious time in
+grumbling and fretting is the most pitiful object in the universe. Try
+to appreciate that you are part of the divine problem, regarding the
+conduct of which certain implacable laws have been formulated. To obey
+these laws means continued life, health, strength, power and success; to
+disobey them means weakness, sickness, incapacity, unhappiness,
+discontent and premature death.
+
+Some people learn quickly how to conserve strength, how to systematize,
+how to be cheerful and hopeful and to radiate thankfulness. From a
+selfish standpoint this is the only method that pays. Some people will
+not see the point. They will put it aside by some such sophistry as:
+"Oh! it does not apply to me." It does, nevertheless, and probably at a
+later date, when the chance of achievement has withered, they will see
+the point through the mist of regret.
+
+Work cheerfully, therefore, and be thorough. Don't overdo it. Fussiness
+is objectionable, useless and unhealthy, because it is a constant drain
+on nerve energy. Some women are dust-chasers. They are eternally poking
+into corners with a feather duster. They chase dust from one room to
+another and back again, and the sight of a few grains on the piano makes
+them sick. Dust with a moist cloth and when your dusting is over leave
+it and forget it. Don't buy a feather duster.
+
+Don't get the anti-sunshine fad. Let the sun in. Don't pull your shades
+down to save the parlor carpet. Your husband would probably sooner buy
+another than pay for a funeral.
+
+Air your rooms always, night as well as day. You cannot overdo it. Buy
+mosquito screens, keep the flies out, but let the air in.
+
+THE IDEAL HOME.--It is difficult to describe an ideal home, but we know
+one the moment we are in it. Its atmosphere instinctively breathes the
+personality of the home-maker. Its individuality distinctly
+differentiates it from the ordinary impersonal home. Its housekeeping
+dress is inviting; its furnishings harmonious; and it exhales repose,
+and comfort, and peace. When we meet its mistress we are welcomed in a
+low, gentle, cordial tone of voice, and in a manner which radiates
+honesty and unaffected simplicity. We discover the source of the unusual
+atmosphere. It is herself, the wife, the mother, the home-maker. She is
+the mystery of the ideal home. Each day her divine art grows more
+perfect because her heart is consecrated to the work. She may not be
+surrounded with material splendor. The miracle is in the soul she
+possesses. Love is the magic wand she yields. She loves her home, her
+children, her husband. She is the queen mother in the paradise she
+creates.
+
+We have seen that a good housekeeper may not be a home-maker. Every
+home-maker, on the other hand, is a good housekeeper. The ideal home
+could not exist unless presided over by a home-maker. A home-maker
+necessarily implies being a good mother; but a good housekeeper, who is
+not a good mother, will never be a home-maker.
+
+A good housekeeper will keep house for the art's sake and will resent
+any domestic event which upsets her housekeeping sense of decorum, even
+though the event may have splendid home-making possibilities. The mother
+with the home-making instincts will invite, and aid, and will conceive
+events, which, though they upset her housekeeping routine, will
+contribute to the happiness and edification of the home circle. The
+housekeeper's sense of duty ends when a good dinner is served; the
+home-maker's real duty and incidentally her pleasure begins, when dinner
+is on the table.
+
+THE MEDICAL ESSENTIALS OF A GOOD MEAL ARE: Pure food, judiciously
+selected for two reasons. First, that there may be an adequate daily
+variety--in order to stimulate the individual taste and appetite;
+second, that the food supplies may be adapted, in nourishing
+equivalents, to the work and age of the diner. The food must be
+thoroughly cooked, eaten slowly, and masticated with care and
+deliberation. Every meal should be served and eaten when cooked and
+ready. Food should never be allowed to stand when cooked to the proper
+degree. Overdone food is not desirable. The dishes should be heated to
+the proper degree; the table linen, napkins, etc., clean and fresh; and
+the family should all eat at the same time.
+
+A meal should never be hurried. Interesting conversation is, therefore,
+a necessary and a commendable feature while dining. There is less desire
+or tendency to hasten through a meal when one is interested or is being
+entertained. The intervals between courses will be welcomed rather than
+resented under these circumstances, and the appetite will be keener and
+the enjoyment greater.
+
+The wife and mother, who is the home-maker and consequently responsible
+for the _esprit de corps_ of the family, will direct, suggest, and guide
+the conversation into profitable and interesting channels. By thus
+supplying the atmosphere necessary to the efficient eating of a meal,
+the digestion and the assimilation of the food will adequately take care
+of itself. Overeating is never a part of any meal and should be
+religiously avoided.
+
+WHAT MAKES THE HOME.--We know it isn't the house we live in that makes
+the home. Many have lived in humble dwellings and have carried all
+through life the memory of home as a sacred legacy. Wealth does not make
+a home, nor culture, nor any of the intellectual attainments for which
+we may strive unceasingly. We may have all these and yet not know the
+joy of "home." "Home" conveys to every heart the same tender memories.
+To have known the blessings of a "home" is to be fortified for life's
+battles. No one can deny its importance in humanizing mankind. A boy who
+has never known what it was to have a home, whose substitute for the
+home associations was an "institutional mother," may have all the
+necessary potential qualities for success, but he will be forever
+deprived of the inspiration that memory of home kindles in every human
+soul.
+
+The secret of the sources of home is its atmosphere. The atmosphere of
+home is the sum total of the kinship and sympathy radiated by its
+members. It is a tangible something which is capable of being felt,
+which is capable of inspiration and which is capable of being carried
+away into the years beyond, exerting a helpful influence over the
+milestones of worry, and trouble, and defeat; and it is always a
+fragrant, soothing, energizing influence. Every human heart needs the
+memory of a home and the presence of a friend at all times and in all
+places.
+
+We must contribute our share to form the right kind of home-making
+"atmosphere." The two qualities which are essential to this task are
+sympathy and peace. Each contributor must be more than a negative unit
+in the home. It is not enough to simply desire peace--a deaf mute could
+fill that part. We must desire to please and we must be an active agency
+working for harmony and peace. If there is in our heart enough sincere
+affection for brother and sister, father and mother, the desire to
+please will be the bond of sympathy that will weather every
+temperamental storm. If we are eager to do something to lighten the load
+of another, eager to sacrifice self, to cheer and counsel and inspire,
+to leave unsaid some unkind word, to forget our own troubles in the
+larger trouble of a friend, we are home-builders. We must control our
+moods in the home, we must submerge the instinct of selfishness, of
+impatience, of pride, and of obstinacy. We must not be opinionated, we
+can many times conform to the opinion of others in trivial matters and
+preserve peace; we thereby minister to the happiness of others, because
+to give happiness is the surest way to be happy. Temper is the sting
+that poisons many homes. Its possessor is an impossible associate and
+will defeat the work of the angels in the effort to make homes.
+
+WORKING FOR SOMETHING.--At various times we have emphasized the
+necessity of having definite plans, of "knowing exactly what you want,"
+of "beginning wedded life with ideals"; in other words, we believe that
+to combine the maximum efficiency with the greatest degree of happiness
+it is necessary for all of us to "work for something."
+
+It is not necessary to prove that the average human life is
+uninteresting; most of us know that. As a matter of fact the average
+existence is a monotonous, hopeless dreary stretch of time, dotted at
+more or less frequent intervals with physical pain and suffering, and
+with mental sorrow and anguish.
+
+While this is undeniably a true epitome of the average life to-day, it
+is not to be accepted as the only possible average existence. Every
+agency that is working for the betterment of the conditions which
+surround life is helping to elevate the status of the average
+individual. As individuals, the question whether our life will conform
+to the average, or be individualized, rests with ourselves.
+
+The ordinary average housewife's existence is slavery in its loneliest
+and most wretched form. Its utter hopelessness is its most depressing
+feature. If we could hope for some glint of sunshine, some day in the
+future when conditions would change, some circumstance which would give
+us the opportunity which we have never had, some test of our
+womanhood,--anything to relieve the crushing, hopeless inertia of the
+daily routine,--we imagine we could go on again, hoping that things
+would permanently change eventually. Don't "hope things will change."
+Change them! Don't get in a mental rut; don't be an "average" housewife.
+If you really can't do anything else, if things are so abjectly hopeless
+that there is no other way out, if your path is leading to nowhere,
+start a rebellion. When the smoke has cleared away you may see a new
+path to follow, and it may lead to somewhere. It is not necessary to do
+this often, because the fault is usually our own, and not that of
+environment or conditions, or our husbands. All we need to do is to
+think things over, and begin something, and all the other conditions
+will take care of themselves. The moment we step outside the humdrum
+path of existence, the moment we are curious enough to do this, there is
+hope for us. A little mental fresh air will dissipate a good many brain
+fogs. The instant we begin "working for something" definite, we cease
+to follow in the procession of the average helpless and hopeless
+citizen. So to the young housewife we would strongly suggest that she
+"think things over" and decide what she is going to work for.
+
+Now, what will it be? Of course it will be different with each
+housewife. With many it will be "a home of our own." It may only be a
+piano for the children, or it may wisely be more insurance. Possibly you
+live in the country, and you long for the social and other advantages of
+the city. You may be a city wife and may long for a farm in the glorious
+country. It may be a trip to Europe; or a college education for the boy;
+or a musical career for the daughter. It does not matter what it is, the
+"it" is the thing itself, and, having found it, the world for you has
+changed. The lonesomeness, and the hopelessness, and the wretchedness of
+life have disappeared. There is always in the future the "it"; no matter
+how dark and gloomy the road may be, it is illuminated at the far end
+with the realized "it." It is the bearing of the burden of life that
+makes a wife, and when we have "something to work for" we begin to live.
+Love is the explanation. We don't want the home for ourselves. We want
+it for those we love, we want those we love in the atmosphere, which I,
+as mother, will make in "our home." It is the elemental mother that
+speaks,--the motherhood spirit that pours out eternally in
+self-sacrifice and keeps no debit account. It is the cry of the primal
+mother that echoes through all the ages and which has kept the race sane
+and safe and hopeful. Having something to work for supplies the element
+necessary to cheerfulness. In the darkest moments, when everything seems
+to go wrong, the thought that we can look forward to a time when a great
+change is coming, when we will move to the new home, when we go to the
+farm or the city as the case may be, or when John will finish his
+college course and start out as a lawyer,--when the strain of skimping
+and making ends meet is over we feel that the struggle will let up and
+we can rest in peace for a little while. It is sharing these burdens
+that counts, and brings out the best elements of human nature. The
+struggle of making ends meet draws the young couple closer together,
+and adds that touch of divinity that is essential to confidence and
+love. It strengthens character, curbs the tendency to unnecessary
+expenditure of money and time, and teaches frugality and patience. The
+incentive to win out is ever present, and it is the anchor that means
+final satisfaction and success.
+
+Try to see the point. Work for something,--something worth while, and
+when you have once begun never turn back. "Nothing-succeeds like
+success."
+
+REST AND RECREATION--A young couple should find time for rest and
+recreation as well as for work. This part of the domestic problem should
+be carefully and systematically utilized, and just as faithfully carried
+out as any other part. Both husband and wife should participate in these
+hours of enjoyment, and the husband should assiduously try to make of
+these respites periods of real mutual benefit. No matter in what station
+of life one may be, it is always possible to find congenial means of
+passing many happy and profitable hours together, if the spirit of
+companionship and mutual interest is kept alive. It is the incessant
+strain upon the nervous system that constitutes the real danger of home
+life. The struggle to make ends meet; to keep the children neat and well
+fed; to look respectable; to provide clothing and education; to nurse
+the sick; to tolerate gossipy neighbors; to put up with ugly tempers; to
+meet the constant drain of society, business, politics and
+religion,--the wonder is that so few remain outside the lunatic asylums.
+
+There are certain inevitable daily happenings in the life of every
+housewife that must be tolerated though they are not pleasant. A certain
+number of interruptions will come at the most inopportune moments. The
+children will come in with muddy feet and walk over the clean floor;
+some days the stove works splendidly, other days it acts as if it was
+crazy; the milkman is late to-day and too early to-morrow; some days the
+iceman comes, some days he stays away, and these are the days we want
+him most; the upstairs work is not quite done when cooking must be
+begun; the grocer forgot to send the butter; a dish or two will crack or
+break every day; doors will slam; the rain begins to fall just when the
+clothes are all hung out; baby needs nursing just when the pie must be
+turned; a visitor calls before the dishes are washed. These are
+inevitable. The cure does not lie in some impossible revolution. We must
+rest the nerves and take the strain off.
+
+Try a nap in the middle of the day. Lie down and relax even if you do
+not sleep. In some countries this is a national custom. It should be a
+law in America. One cannot appreciate the amount of good that can be
+gained from one-half hour's sleep. Medically it is a wonderful
+rejuvenator.
+
+Get enough sleep at night. Late hours in the home is a bad habit and a
+poor investment. It affects the health and the efficiency. One extra
+hour means all the difference between frayed-out nerves, exasperated
+dispositions and home peace and contentment. There is a certain fixed
+ratio between sleep and good nature that has been formulated into a law
+by psychology. Keep early hours and the whole complexion of life will
+improve.
+
+When indoor work becomes irksome go out of doors, try a walk. Nothing
+will dissipate tired-out nerves quicker than a brisk walk. Every
+housewife should walk in the open air every day of her life. It is an
+absolute necessity if she hopes to retain her health and spirits. She
+will be in better shape and in a better mood to carry out her part of
+the daily programme.
+
+Take a vacation now and then. Go to the seashore or into the mountains.
+When a housewife is run down and irritable; when the disposition comes
+to indulge in a lonely cry; when she wishes she had never been born;
+when the cook stove and the children are hysterical irritants; it is
+time for a day off. The husband should find time to take his wife into
+the country for a week end, even a day at the seashore will work like
+magic.
+
+Resting and recreation are necessary. If we do not recognize this fact,
+and adopt the habit as a preventative, we will be compelled to take it
+in an effort to cure a malady that has established itself as a
+consequence of the neglect. It, therefore, is a time and money saver,
+and it saves friction, and home, and maybe life.
+
+LIFE INSURANCE.--Every young wife should insist upon her husband
+carrying life insurance upon his own life. She should make this a part
+of the prenuptial agreement. We would go further and state that a man
+who will not willingly agree to this is not a safe man to marry. The
+kind of insurance is immaterial, so long as it guarantees to the wife an
+adequate sum of money in the event of his premature death. The wife
+should regard the payment of the premiums as one of the necessities, and
+should personally know that they are promptly paid.
+
+OWNING A HOME.--It should be the hope of every married couple to own
+their own home. It has been the regret of many, when in later years they
+have figured up the money which they have spent in rent, that they did
+not think of this plan earlier. Nowadays, it is possible to pay a very
+small sum down, and certain monthly payments, which apply on the
+purchase of a house. By beginning this way, when the family expenses are
+small, it is comparatively easy, and without any deprivations, to own
+the home outright in a few years. Many couples foolishly buy gaudy and
+unnecessary furniture, and live in more expensive homes than their means
+justify, in order to create an impression, when first married, which
+they later regret. If part of the money, which the young husband has
+undoubtedly saved,--or he should not marry,--was paid down on the
+purchase of a house it would be paid for before the extra expense which
+necessarily comes with children had to be met. The plan works to the
+advantage of the couple both ways, because, if no rent has to be paid
+out after a few years, the extra expense of children would not then be a
+hardship.
+
+THE CHEERFUL WIFE AND MOTHER.--How many happy memory pictures we see by
+simply reading the name,--the cheerful wife and mother,--we might call
+her the optimistic mother. No matter what we did as children, we were
+never afraid of her. She always saw the bright side, and if we did
+something wrong she never scolded angrily; she talked to us convincingly
+and made us slightly ashamed of ourselves. If we had any plan or project
+we took it to her, she listened, and she suggested, and before we knew
+it she had solved our problem and the plan was possible,--away we would
+go, enthusiastic and happy, to work out the details as she suggested,
+and shortly our "party was on its way." If any of us had an
+accident,--we didn't go home, we were afraid of a scolding,--the victim
+was rushed to her, she would wash the blood and tears away, bathe the
+wounded part, put on a bandage and then take the little patient up to
+her room. A cake and a story would soon have us feeling good and help us
+forget our pain. Oh! she was an angel to us. On rainy days she found a
+way to amuse us, our dirty feet didn't count, the floor was to be washed
+up anyhow. To keep in her good graces, however, we had to be reasonably
+good. She told us stories, and we soon found out that she didn't like a
+mean or stingy boy, and a boy or girl who would tell a lie she would not
+talk to for a week. Her stories always proved that the mean boy, or the
+bad little girl, or anyone who told lies, never had a good time, that no
+one liked them, and most everybody kept away from them, if they didn't
+stop being bad. She was a wonderful mother, and every boy and girl for
+miles around knew her and loved her.
+
+And so it is that children soon learn who their real friends are. A home
+is what the mother makes it. Cheerfulness does not cost anything, and
+how much better it is if happiness abounds. You can get infinitely more
+of the confidence of a child by being gentle, and by showing that you
+have his or her real interest at heart. They will trust you more and
+rely upon your forbearance in the event of anything going wrong. As we
+boys and girls grew up the interest of the angel mother didn't cease; we
+met her often, and she would ask "how things were going." She knew
+exactly what each of the boys and girls was doing, and we always told
+her the truth, and all the truth. If anything did go wrong, she would
+know of it from one of the others, and she would "look up" the
+unfortunate one. Many times to my knowledge she has helped another
+mother over a crisis; when a boy was about to go wrong or showed a
+tendency to do some foolish thing. She did so because she "had a way" of
+getting round the boy, that even his own mother did not possess, and he
+would listen. A mother who can preserve her own cheerfulness under all
+circumstances is a jewel. The influence she wields is beyond estimation.
+A radiant cheerfulness is something akin to Christlikeness, it is an
+inspiration. People who live together frequently feel out of sorts in
+the presence of each other without a feeling of compunction, without
+realizing that they are guilty of a social discourtesy. If there is in
+that home an optimistic, cheerful mother, how different the atmosphere
+is! The cross look, or the touchy word, is quickly observed and all the
+power of her infectious cheerfulness is brought into battle array and
+the discontent is chased away, the vitriolic spirit of quarrel,
+slumbering so near the surface, is made to feel ashamed of itself. It
+shrinks into the darkness, and we begin the day all over again, thankful
+that mother is so good, so considerate and patient.
+
+It isn't exactly by the children that such a mother is best appreciated.
+Father knows the real value of her cheerfulness. He knows just what it
+has meant in the past, and he knows what it means now. He can look back
+and he can recall many instances in which the optimism of his wife was
+the agency which turned the tide. He knows of many business deals
+wherein the cheerful advice of his wife changed his viewpoint and so
+changed failure into success. He can recall many instances during the
+early days of his business career when the outlook was gloomy and
+doubtful, when its success depended upon so small a matter as
+temperament and disposition, when the cheerfulness, the love and tact of
+his wife dispelled the gathering clouds, strengthened the wavering
+spirit and instilled new fight, new purpose, new hope, into the
+situation. Oh, yes, he knows that cheerfulness, and optimism, and tact,
+and love, have a definite economic value, but it cannot be estimated in
+dollars and cents. He knows they are an asset in the domestic problem,
+but they are sacred, holy, consecrated.
+
+Cheerfulness is such a potent reality that it has a definite, concrete
+value. Life is a product of environment to a very considerable extent.
+Our surroundings very often dictate our attitude, and temperamentally at
+least we radiate whatever spirit our environment generates.
+
+
+HEREDITARY FEEBLE-MINDEDNESS[B]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Here is the law. The blood of the father was tainted. For several
+generations it lay dormant, and then smote this little child, Bertha. It
+is the terrible, the inevitable law of heredity.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Not so much now, as years ago, is there intermarriage. It is fortunate,
+for the results of in-breeding are far worse in human beings than in
+animals; chiefly because of man's more highly developed nervous system.
+New, pure blood above all things else is a re-energizing force which may
+go far toward eventually eliminating any trace of taint.
+
+[Footnote B: "Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences," Goddard,
+The Macmillan Company.]
+
+One cheerful home will radiate, will send out into the world, certain
+definite, concrete influences which will encourage and stimulate, and
+strengthen and give new hope to every living thing it reaches. The
+atmosphere of cheerfulness will exert a specific influence upon every
+disposition within its zone. The children of a cheerful mother and home
+will radiate happiness, contentment and love. The husband of a cheerful
+wife will carry into life's struggle a more just, a more equitable, a
+more humanizing influence as a direct, concrete result of that
+cheerfulness, and who can tell into how many other homes the spirit of
+cheerfulness will be carried as a consequence of the justice, and
+equity, and charity of that husband and father? To return after a day's
+work and worry to a fireside, to a home, in which cheerfulness is the
+radiating element is to inspire contentment and peace and thankfulness.
+Out of the joy of thankfulness, out of the satisfaction of peace, and
+the fulness of contentment, the kingdom of Heaven is born, and when
+human hearts feel like this they are living near the borderland of great
+possibilities. The cheerful wife and mother needs little advice. She
+does, however, need our love and the knowledge that we are true to
+ourselves and that we are fighting an honest fight. She will be happy in
+that knowledge.
+
+THE INDIFFERENT WIFE AND MOTHER.--The home over which an indifferent
+wife and mother presides is a "happy-go-lucky" home. There is something
+radically wrong in the make-up of a woman who is wife and mother and who
+is indifferent. It is not a natural condition, and it is frequently a
+product of simple ignorance. Such a woman may be exceedingly amiable and
+charitable; she may take an active interest in church and social
+affairs, and may be regarded as a kind and model housewife. Her
+interests are outside the home, however, and since the home is a place
+of apathy and indifference she feels she must "keep busy" elsewhere. She
+is out of touch with her husband and his affairs, and the children "get
+along somehow." If they come in for meals and report for bed that is all
+"any one can expect." There is seldom any acute friction, because every
+one is indifferent and selfishly attends to his own affairs.
+
+Such a home is devoid of the domestic atmosphere. The mother touch is
+lacking: sentiment and love have long ago taken wings: the temperature
+of the place is cold and forbidding. The children "exist" and may be
+healthy animals, but their souls are empty and there is no comradeship
+or affection in their make-up. They do not know what human sympathy
+means, and they either grow into successful machines, or indifferent
+citizens. As human beings they are failures. It would be astonishing to
+know how many of this type of mother and wife the present strenuous age
+is producing. They are certainly on the increase, and the unrest, which
+is a growing characteristic of the sex, is tending to still further
+increase this type of womanhood. The mother element is being subverted
+and in its place we find "Justice" with her scales, but with a marble
+heart.
+
+These women do not realize that the citadel of motherhood is a sacred,
+holy citadel, and that its responsibilities cannot be met by a negative
+allegiance. A child's character, its training, its physical equipment,
+its mental development, its body and soul, its heredity and acquired
+instincts, its virtues and its vices, its environment, are all mothers'
+cares, mothers' duties, mothers' responsibilities, and if they are
+neglected part of the eternal scheme is frustrated and recompense will
+be exacted. When a woman marries she assumes responsibilities which she
+cannot and dare not neglect. If she does, she will have to give an
+accounting of her stewardship.
+
+The indifferent mother and wife does not fit. She is incompetent, she is
+one of nature's sarcasms. She is a mistake as a wife, as a mother, and
+as a member of society. She is not sincere or she would not be guilty of
+such fundamental injustice. As a human being she is a parasite, and in
+the Master's vineyard she is a weed.
+
+HUSBAND AND HOME.--As sponsor for the welfare and efficiency of the
+family and the home, the wife and mother should occasionally give some
+thought to the husband and father.
+
+William Muldoon, one of the greatest physical efficiency experts in this
+or any other country, who has intimately known hundreds of our great
+men in every walk of life, recently stated that American men to-day do
+not appear to have the same amount of physical endurance and nervous
+energy that men of forty years ago possessed. In other words, as a race
+we are degenerating. In his opinion the condition is due to the fact
+that commercialism has taken such a firm hold upon the American people
+that everything else is cast aside to make a success in business or
+profession.
+
+This is a serious indictment coming from such a source and should be of
+intense interest to the wife and mother of to-day.
+
+The over-worked business man, when he gets into the hands of the
+physician, is a neurasthenic. He has gone just as far as his vitality
+will take him. His mind is fagged and worn out and will not concentrate.
+He is nervous, irritable, and wretched. His appetite is capricious, and
+he sleeps fitfully. For a few days he pulls himself together and plunges
+into work, but the effort exhausts him and he falls back further than
+before. He is unhappy and despondent, his viewpoint changes and the
+future looks uninviting and he loses his courage and his faith in
+himself. He hides all this from his family, he does not want wife and
+children to know that he is losing his hold. He even makes desperate
+efforts to keep fit while at home, and for a time he succeeds.
+
+All this has been brought about by tremendous concentration of effort to
+do ten times as much work as he should do, and it has all been done in
+order to acquire riches and independence, not so much for his own sake
+as for his family's sake.
+
+Now, a wife who fails to see the handwriting on the wall is no wife at
+all. Any wife who cannot tell, by a single look, exactly how her husband
+feels is not quite what she should be. Some women may question this
+declaration. They may regard it as a far-fetched indictment. The truth
+nevertheless is,--and all good citizens are thankful that it is
+so,--that if a man and woman live together for years, and during that
+time work together in sympathy and love, and share the burdens of life
+together, they grow toward each other; there is a psychic force that
+binds them so that when the clouds begin to settle over one the other
+promptly sees the mist and brings all her subtle skill and solicitude to
+guard and fight in the other's interest. The "two hearts that beat as
+one" are old hearts, hearts chastened by experience and mellowed by the
+sorrows and joys of life, hearts that have gone through the dark spots
+and the deep spots of affliction, and have loved and helped each other
+all through the long journey to sunset's old age. God never inspired a
+holier picture than the wrinkled face of a good old mother. The old
+eyes, with the peering promise of a near peace in them; the toothless
+mouth, whose words of cheer are records of the past; the wrinkled face,
+the sad token of human frailty; the gentle word of welcome which age
+trustingly bestows, all speak to younger hearts with hungry words, and
+we hope that their lot is one of peace and contentment and happiness.
+
+A wife, therefore, who has shared the burdens of life honestly and
+willingly with her husband will promptly note when life's struggle is
+becoming dangerous to her helpmate.
+
+The true wife will insist on rest, and quiet, and recuperation. No man
+has the right to sacrifice himself for his family and no family should
+dare to expect it. A wife should frequently inquire and find out what
+their success is costing her husband, find out the price he is paying.
+No success is worth while if a man is undermining his health and
+strength to attain it. Men do it, however. American business men do it
+all the time.
+
+Maternal sacrifice is admittedly the supreme or Christ-like instinct of
+the human race, and it has been accorded the glory which is its due, but
+the unsung song of father love is a more pathetic incident of this
+strenuous age than we are apt to believe. America is building a breed of
+men with a dual passion, the passion for riches, and the passion to
+protect. The one is a wrong ideal, the other is a wrong principle. Ask
+any of the worn-out men who are inmates for the time being of the
+splendid institutions in the country devoted to the recuperation of
+health: ask the medical superintendents of the large sanitariums; ask
+Muldoon; ask the busy men of big business why they keep in the harness
+after they have made enough to retire upon; why they strive and fight
+and sacrifice themselves, and you will be told that the force which
+impels them is the desire to protect, with ample fortune, wife and
+children, and those dependent upon them. The average well-balanced man
+of America is never happier than when he can give to his loved ones
+every comfort and luxury possible. He is willing to work and so
+sacrifice self to the utmost to consummate his ambition. The right kind
+of a wife will see that her husband is getting a square deal.
+
+The right kind of solicitude and the right kind of argument will tend to
+divert her husband's attention away from business, to the advantage of
+all concerned. The children of America need closer fellowship with the
+fathers. We should read fewer tales of the profligacy of rich men's sons
+and less lurid accounts of the doings of the daughters of society. The
+sons of poor men would profit by a freer companionship with the more
+experienced father, and the daughters would be less apt to wander away
+from the fireside of a home that was knit together by the broader
+sympathy of father love.
+
+The training and education of our children is far more important than
+storing up money for them to spend recklessly. We all need help and
+cheering words and encouragement to do justice to ourselves and others.
+Nothing will inspire and stimulate youth more to achieve, to be clean in
+mind and body, and to succeed, than the knowledge that he is loved, and
+trusted, and has the implicit confidence of parents and of brothers and
+sisters. His pride is awakened, he would hate to fail, or to disappoint
+them, so he makes a conscientious effort to be worthy and to succeed.
+
+The mothers are at the helm. They must be the harmonizing factor in the
+home, and they must bring their human ships into safe harbors. The
+storms and the battles of life will only unite the crew together if the
+"captain" is the right "man" in the right place.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXVIII
+
+     "All that I know, I owe to my mother."
+
+                                        Abraham Lincoln.
+
+
+HOW WE CATCH DISEASE
+
+     We Catch Disease--How Germs Enter the Lungs--How Germs Work in
+     the Body--The Function of the White Blood Cell--How an Abscess
+     Is Formed--The Evil Habit of Spitting in Public
+     Places--Sunlight and Germs--Why It Is Necessary to Open
+     Windows--Facts About Tuberculosis--The Tendency to Disease--The
+     Best Treatment for Tuberculosis--Consumption Is a Preventable
+     and a Curable Disease--When Delay Is Dangerous--What to Eat and
+     Wear in Hot Weather--Scientific Dressing--Drink Plenty of
+     Water--What to Drink When Traveling.
+
+A simple explanation of how we "catch" disease may be interesting and
+profitable. Let us take, for example, a case of consumption. In order to
+"catch" consumption it is necessary to breathe into our lungs the germ
+of consumption.
+
+How do we "catch" these germs?
+
+If a consumptive patient spits or expectorates on the street, or on the
+floor of a railroad car, or in a room, or store, or theater, after a
+time the spittle becomes dry, and because of the wind or a breeze which
+may be caused by opening or shutting a door, or it may be the skirts of
+women walking about, the dried sputum in which the germs are becomes
+mixed with the dust of the air. If we happen to be around, just at the
+particular time when the germs are blown into the air, we may breathe
+into our lungs enough of them to produce consumption. If we are in good
+health, and if we do not happen to get too large a dose of the bacteria
+at one time (and that is only a matter of luck), we can overcome them,
+as will be shown shortly. If, however, we are not in good health, if we
+are just recovering from some serious or depressing disease, such as
+Grippe, the bacteria will overcome our reserve vitality, and consumption
+will graft itself on our weakened system.
+
+How do these germs work?
+
+They lodge on some part of the lung tissue and burrow into it. They make
+a nest for themselves and begin work immediately. They live on the lung
+tissue, they multiply rapidly, they produce--as a result of their
+activity--a poisonous substance. Because of their eating up, as it were,
+the lung tissue we often find holes (cavities) in the lungs of
+consumptives. By breeding rapidly they require more and more room, so
+they invade more and more of the lung tissue and destroy it. The
+poisonous substance which they produce is absorbed by the blood. Its
+effect on the blood is to weaken it, and when the blood becomes weak the
+vitality declines, so that the patient loses weight, appetite, and
+strength. The poison also produces fever, and so the long, weary fight
+goes on till death claims the patient.
+
+WHAT HAPPENS IF WE INHALE THESE BACTERIA, AND CONSUMPTION DOES NOT
+DEVELOP.--In order to understand the answer to this question it is
+necessary to explain certain facts concerning the white blood cells. The
+white blood cells can pass through a blood vessel and back into it again
+without leaving any hole in the wall of the blood vessel.
+
+The function of the white blood cells is to wander around and if they
+discover any stray bacteria, whose presence is undesirable, it is their
+duty to get rid of it as quickly as possible. The white blood cell may
+therefore be likened to a detective whose duty it is to arrest any
+suspicious character who comes into the city. When a white blood cell
+discovers a strange microbe it immediately surrounds and encloses it
+within itself, just as your hand can enclose any small object, such as a
+cent or a dime. It then promptly goes to the nearest blood vessel,
+enters it, and is carried away in the blood stream. If we are in good
+health our blood cells are alert, active, and capable of defending us
+against any invading foe in the form of a microbe or bacteria. If we are
+not in good health the bacteria may overcome the white blood cells. If
+we inhale a large number of the consumptive bacteria at one time, and
+they succeed in getting into the lung substance, they are immediately
+met by an army of blood cells, all bent on capturing them. An actual
+battle is fought and the deciding factor of the battle will be the
+condition of the patient. If there is plenty of strength and reserve
+force, if the patient is in good health, the blood cells will win the
+battle; if the condition of the patient is poor, the blood cells will
+lose the battle and tuberculosis, or consumption, has its beginning in
+that patient from the time the blood cells lose their fight. We know the
+battle has been lost because the well-known symptoms of the disease soon
+appear. The blood cells do not retreat when defeated; they go on
+fighting to the best of their ability. Whether they ever succeed in
+overcoming the bacteria, depends upon the treatment the patient gets,
+and his personal conduct. We give him a maximum of fresh air and
+sunlight because these are the great enemies of all kinds of bacteria.
+We force his feeding and try to stimulate his appetite, hoping thereby
+to give him strength so that his blood cells will fight actively in his
+interest. We take steps to reduce his fever so that his strength may not
+be wasted and burned up. If we succeed, with the necessary active
+cooeperation of the patient, the blood cells finally overcome the
+bacteria and the patient recovers from the disease.
+
+This is the story of the invasion of almost every disease. It is the
+story of the white blood cell.
+
+The white blood cell is active in another way and it is a very
+interesting way. When you cut yourself the blood cells immediately
+surround the entire cut. They line up like an army defending a city.
+They form a perfect wall, millions of them, ready to pounce upon all
+enemies in the form of bacteria or microbes, that have the temerity to
+try to creep into the wound unseen.
+
+This is the reason that so very few of the hundreds of little surface
+wounds and scratches which every one gets, ever become infected or go
+wrong in any way.
+
+When a microbe does get inside, under the skin, and becomes active, as
+they sometimes will, the white blood cell, appreciating that it cannot
+defeat the enemy, begins to build a wall around him and locks him in.
+This compels the enemy to limit his activity within the wall, which he
+does, and so an abscess is formed, which bursts when the bacteria fill
+it so full that the wall gives way and empties the poison out on the
+surface of the skin, thus saving the body from the poison of the microbe
+which would spread all through the body, were it not for the wall formed
+by the active, busy little white blood cell.
+
+The foregoing simple explanation of "how we catch disease" will no doubt
+be suggestive to the interested and careful reader. The first and most
+obvious question that suggests itself is: If we "catch" tuberculosis by
+inhaling germs from some other person's dried spittle, why are
+consumptives allowed to spit where it will do harm? Consumptives are not
+allowed to spit where it will do harm, but they do and they always will.
+
+Every department of health in every civilized corner of the globe has
+secured the enactment of laws making spitting unlawful in any public
+place. Every sanitary society, every agency whose aim is to work in the
+interest of public health, has actively aided, and is aiding, in the
+propaganda for a better universal understanding of the principles of
+sanitation and hygiene. The individual must be educated to understand
+the tragic need of such a law. You cannot legislate virtue into the
+public conscience. It is a profound reflection upon human intelligence
+to appreciate that the great white plague, for the stamping out of which
+so many thousands of lives are annually sacrificed, and so much money is
+spent, could be forever stamped out, if the human race would agree
+absolutely to stop spitting.
+
+It is the duty of every person to take an active personal interest in
+this crusade of education and emancipation. We appreciate and concede
+that a large number of those afflicted with consumption do not willfully
+spit, knowing that others may be affected as a consequence. They do it
+in ignorance. Our aim is to educate the victim to an understanding of
+the true condition. The knowledge must be carried into every home, and
+the story must be told in a simple, convincing way, to attain results.
+The mothers of the country can aid to a very considerable degree, in
+this commendable work. Every mother can tell her children the story of
+how disease is caught. She can tell them that the danger spots of
+infection are where people congregate together, in church, school,
+theater, street-cars, and railroad trains. She can teach them to breathe
+through their nostrils, especially when in these public places, because
+the nostrils are so constructed that they act as a sieve or strainer,
+they clean the air we breathe, and when we blow the nose after being in
+one of these places we blow out thousands of germs and other impurities
+which would have gone straight into the lungs if we had breathed through
+the mouth. She can teach them the value of deep breathing when in the
+open air, and of standing and walking erect so as to get all the lung
+space possible. By constantly reminding children of these little points
+you will be amazed at the progressive improvement which goes on both in
+their bodies and in their minds. They will become little missionaries,
+they will tell the story to others, and a real good can be accomplished
+in this simple way, that will grow in strength and vigor as the years
+roll round.
+
+The next suggestive feature in the reading of "How we catch disease," is
+the significant emphasis which is put upon sunlight and fresh air in the
+treatment of consumption. Sunlight, as already stated, is the great
+enemy of microbes and germs of all kinds. Where sunlight is, germs do
+not want to be. How wrong, therefore, is the habit of lowering the
+shades, when the sun shines into your home, because it "spoils the
+carpet." Let it spoil the carpet; it is much cheaper to buy a new carpet
+than to pay for a funeral. Let the sunlight stream into your rooms for
+the few hours it can every day. Germs love the dark, sunless corners
+where the dust is. Housewives should, therefore, go into the dark
+corners with a moist duster, and wipe them clean, then boil the duster
+and hang it in the sunlight to dry until needed again. If you choose to
+use a feather duster instead, as the lazy woman does, you only chase the
+dust and the germs from one corner to another, and in doing so you
+afford yourself the opportunity of swallowing a few germs in the
+passing. One may, therefore, be punished in an unexpected way for being
+lazy.
+
+For the very excellent reason that corners and angles are unsanitary,
+there are to be no more of them in the construction of houses and office
+buildings of the better class. They are being built with "round"
+corners; even the ceiling and walls, and floor and walls, meet in a
+curve,--no square crevice or corner where dust or germs can gather.
+
+If we add moisture to a sunless spot, we have the ideal environment for
+germs to breed and flourish in. There is always moisture or humidity in
+the air if the altitude is low, and if it is near the ocean, or any
+large body of water, the moisture is relatively greater. For this reason
+we send patients with pulmonary disease to the mountains, where the
+altitude is much higher, where there is no moisture, and consequently
+where there are practically no germs. We cannot move our homes to the
+mountains, however, so what must we do to get rid of the moisture and
+the germs where we are compelled to live? What do we do with the family
+wash when it is wet? We hang it up in the yard, in the sun and in the
+breeze, because we know from experience that the wind and the sun soon
+dry anything wet. They do more; they freshen everything, so that
+anything exposed to the sun and air smells fresh and sweet and is fresh
+and sweet and pure. So to make our homes sweet and fresh and dry we must
+chase the stale air away, and the moisture with it, by opening our
+windows and letting in the sunlight and the breeze, every day, and for
+as long as possible every day. Open windows and sunlight and fresh
+air,--all you can get,--this is the song of health, the joy of life, the
+only agents that will keep the eager, busy, little white blood cell
+healthy and willing and alert. This is the reason you must keep the
+windows of your bedrooms open at night, as well as by day, so you and
+your children will get fresh, pure, sweet air, and not stale, moist,
+germ-laden air to breathe.
+
+
+FACTS ABOUT TUBERCULOSIS
+
+Tuberculosis, or consumption, is a disease of poor air, dusty quarters,
+insufficient nourishment, and, above all, of ignorance with regard to
+its dangers and what we now know of the possibilities of its cure. The
+more we know about it the better chance there is to cure it, and better
+still, prevent it.
+
+Not very long ago the death rate from consumption was one in six, that
+is, every sixth person who died in this country died as a result of
+tuberculosis in some form. It is now about one in eight. This is a
+remarkable decrease--about one-third of its former ratio of victims are
+now spared. Not so very long ago the disease was regarded as practically
+fatal; now it is classified as one of the eminently curable diseases.
+The universal dissemination of this knowledge will do much to rob the
+"Great White Plague" of its terrors.
+
+Investigation and observation have demonstrated that there is in the
+great majority of people a definite tendency successfully to throw off
+the disease. It is a curious and astonishing fact, which we have learned
+from the study of the results of autopsies; we find, in nearly every
+instance, that every person in whom death occurred after thirty had had
+consumption at one time and resisted it and died of some other disease.
+We mean by this that at some time, in all likelihood during one of the
+"colds" of childhood, every one of us contracted consumption, but
+because of our vitality we successfully resisted and conquered it. In
+other words, the white blood cells won their fight.
+
+This knowledge is of great value; it taught the scientists who were
+studying the characteristics of the disease that there were conditions,
+possible of attainment, under which the human organism could definitely
+and victoriously defeat the invasion of the tubercle bacilli.
+
+The public mind, until recently, was imbued with the fallacy that the
+disease was hereditary. It was thought that if it "ran in the family"
+the victims of it were almost certain to die. We know definitely now
+that consumption is not hereditary, and that, instead of death being
+certain in a patient in whose family it has been, this fact alone
+ensures the victim a much better prospect of cure than if it had never
+existed in the family. The explanation of this seeming paradox is quite
+logical from a medical standpoint. The theory of the vaccine treatment
+of disease is that if you infuse into the blood the products of the
+germs of certain diseases, the individual in whose blood the vaccine has
+been put, will wholly resist that particular disease, or if he acquires
+it, it will be in a mild and more modified form. If a family for a
+number of generations has had various members die of tuberculosis, the
+blood stream of the family will have become so impregnated with the
+toxins, or poisons, of the disease, that, in time, a certain immunity
+will have been established. Consequently, tuberculosis in an individual,
+the blood of whose ancestors has been accustomed or habituated to the
+poison of the disease, will run a milder course, be more modified in its
+type, and will respond to treatment easier than in an individual whose
+family history is free from the taint of tuberculosis.
+
+In proof of this principle, it is a well-known fact that consumption
+runs a rapid, fatal course among those nations which have not hitherto
+been exposed to it. The death rate among our American Indians when it
+was first introduced among them was enormous.
+
+The same truth applies to syphilis. The blood of the civilized race has
+become so thoroughly syphilized, that it is no longer so susceptible to
+the disease as it once was: and the disease as we know it to-day does
+not manifest the same virulency as it did years ago, or as it does in a
+race in whom it is grafted for the first time.
+
+These ideas of the curability of the disease and of its non-heredity are
+extremely important and supremely suggestive. Tuberculosis takes only
+the quitters and the supine. Anyone who will fight bravely against the
+disease can always resist its ravages for many years, if not to the
+extent of living out a normal life.
+
+THE TENDENCY TO DISEASE.--Mothers should understand just what is meant
+by "the tendency to disease." We assert that consumption is not
+hereditary, but we know that certain individuals are born with the
+tendency to tuberculosis. Just what does this mean?
+
+Let us suppose a tubercular mother gives birth to a child. It would be
+foolish to assume that this child comes into the world with a normal
+standard of resistance; but it is certain he is not tubercular and
+doomed at the moment of his birth. He may be what is ordinarily termed
+a weak, puny, sickly infant, but the germ of disease is not implanted in
+his constitution. If he is taken from his mother, taken away from the
+tubercular environment, and brought up under the best hygienic and
+sanitary surroundings, it is possible for him to become a robust,
+healthy, normal man.
+
+The tendency to disease in this case will not materialize. If, however,
+we permit him to remain with his tubercular mother, to nurse her milk,
+to live in what necessarily is an unhygienic and unsalutary
+environment--the presence of the consumptive mother renders it so--the
+probability is that the tendency to disease, which in his case is the
+tendency to weak lungs, will materialize, because of his weak
+resistance, poor nourishment, and unfavorable surroundings. If,
+therefore, his method of living does not contribute to building up and
+strengthening what is in the first place a weak structure, the structure
+itself will, during the first strain put upon it, give way, and
+naturally the weak spot will be the point of election for the invasion
+of disease. This strain may be one of the infantile diseases,--scarlet
+fever, or measles, or whooping cough, or it may be bronchitis. Instead
+of convalescing from these conditions, as a normally constituted child
+will, this child, whose potential resistance is below standard, will
+fail to reach the rallying point, will afford a fertile field for germ
+invasion, and will develop tuberculosis,--not directly, however, as a
+result of having had a tubercular mother, but because he was not removed
+from the tubercular environment and given a fair chance. The high infant
+mortality is, to a very large extent, caused directly by this "tendency
+to disease," plus unfavorable environment, and this is wherein the
+eugenic propaganda has found its field of promise and is unassailable
+reason for active existence.
+
+Let us take another illustration, so that mother may have a full
+understanding of the far-reaching effect of the "tendency to disease."
+
+We cannot justly assume a child to have outlived its hereditary
+tendencies until it has reached the period of its full growth,
+physically, mentally, and morally. We know that this period is about
+the twenty-third year. Now a young girl of eighteen, or even twenty, who
+is successfully resisting an inherited tendency, is likely to reach her
+full physical and mental growth, providing she does not subject her
+vitality to a serious physical strain, or providing she is not the
+victim of a serious illness. Suppose this young girl marries and becomes
+pregnant; this condition immediately changes the fighting or resisting
+equation; she is no longer conserving her strength and energy; she is
+spending it out, wasting it so far as it applies to her own upbuilding.
+The percentage in favor of a successful fight against the inherited
+tendencies is greatly reduced, and as a matter of fact, statistics
+show--as is fully explained in the article on "The Evils of Early
+Marriage"--that many of these young mothers succumb to disease as a
+result of pregnancies at this period of immaturity, when they could have
+otherwise lived. The "tendency to disease" has therefore an economic
+value and the state should build along the line of the conservation of
+health in its broadest sense.
+
+THE BEST TREATMENT FOR TUBERCULOSIS.--The most important factor in the
+present-day treatment of consumption is the right kind of nourishment.
+This cannot be emphasized too strongly. In the first edition of this
+work, it was stated that the most important factor in the treatment of
+this disease was fresh air. The author has had very good reasons to
+change his opinion radically in this respect.
+
+So emphatically may this truth be asserted that it is now not at all
+necessary to seek a change of climate in the hope that such a change may
+aid the patient. It must not, however, be understood that this reasoning
+applies to charitable cases. If the patient is so situated that it is
+not possible to provide a proper environment, a change may do good. It
+is not the change of air that is responsible for the improvement,
+however, though it no doubt contributes in these cases; it is the
+altered environment.
+
+Patients who in their own homes enjoy sanitary and hygienic care; who
+may have a room of ample size for their exclusive use, which is
+thoroughly aired, day and night; who are provided with the "right kind
+of nourishment," and who will obey implicitly the rules which the
+physician, who is conversant with this particular method of treatment,
+will lay down, may be assured that a prompt response will ensue. The
+intelligent reader will understand that this statement does not apply to
+patients in the last stages of the disease. The assertion, however, must
+rightly be regarded as revolutionary. It is not what we were taught--it
+emphasizes, nevertheless, what every physician already knows, that,
+theoretically, consumption is a disease that should respond to
+treatment. That we have not had greater success with it in the past,
+must be attributed to our method of treatment. The fact that most of us
+have had the disease, and have recovered, conclusively demonstrates its
+curability. Those individuals who fail to recover promptly do not
+possess the vitality to throw it off spontaneously. If at this time--the
+real beginning of the disease--it is discovered, and the right treatment
+instituted, we immediately supply the organism with the ingredients it
+is deficient in and we are justified in looking for favorable results if
+the patient adheres to the instructions.
+
+The second essential in the treatment of consumption is an abundance of
+fresh, pure air. We therefore direct the patient to remain in the open
+as much as is possible. If circumstances permit him to sleep
+out-of-doors, so much the better; if not, he must sleep in a room with
+the windows open to the fullest extent, winter and summer. There are no
+exceptions to this rule. If it storms, the outside blinds may be closed,
+but the windows must remain open. The city air is just as efficient for
+our purpose as is the air of any other vicinity--the point is, to get
+enough of it from a mechanical standpoint. The advantages from sending
+patients away, even under the old belief, were more than discounted by
+conditions incident to the new environment that were detrimental to
+their progress. Now that we know it is not necessary or essential to
+procure any other kind or quality of air than exists in any city, all
+our efforts may be concentrated in the interest of the patient in
+directing the "right kind of nourishment" and in supervising his
+conduct. In few instances is it necessary to prescribe any medicine.
+
+In exceptional cases the cough may require some sedative remedy,
+especially if it disturbs the patient at night. Experience has taught
+us, however, that to live twelve hours in the open air and to sleep with
+the windows wide open, will do more for the cough than any medicine we
+possess.
+
+Pleuritic complications may cause pain, but this feature is best aided
+and permanently relieved by fresh air also. Very recently there were
+made exhaustive experiments in this connection in St. Thomas' Hospital,
+London, England. It was decided to subject patients to open-air tests
+for pleuritic pains in the course of consumption. This particular
+hospital is situated on the River Thames, in a notoriously damp and
+foggy part of the city; despite this drawback it was conclusively shown
+that the patients who lived night and day on the balconies breathing
+this heavy, murky, damp atmosphere, were relieved of their pains
+quicker, and more permanently, than those who were shielded in the wards
+of the hospital.
+
+Inasmuch as the patient must be adequately nourished, his cure depends
+upon the condition of the stomach. It is known that the germ works more
+actively in a patient who is losing weight. When the germ is very
+active, its poisons, circulating in the blood, cause fever and fever
+results in tissue waste. We must therefore bend every effort toward
+overcoming this tendency. If we can get the patient to take sufficient
+food and if he digests it thoroughly, the weight will increase, the
+fever will subside, and the tissue waste will stop. Patients must be
+extremely careful, therefore, what they put into their stomachs. Only
+simple, tasty, highly nutritious food should be taken, and digestive
+energy should not be wasted on less nutritious materials. For this
+reason incalculable harm has been done by indiscriminate
+medicine-taking. Medicines exert a bad influence on the stomach and
+those patients who take them lose their appetites. Drugs should never be
+taken except for a definite purpose and only on the advice of a
+physician. These patients should particularly be guarded against the use
+of advertised patent medicines. They are always bad, and never under any
+circumstances are they of any advantage, as is clearly shown in the
+chapter on "Patent Medicines." Thousands of persons die of consumption
+every year who would have lived had they not taken such remedies.
+
+The following article is sent out by the New York Department of Health
+as a Circular of Instruction regarding Tuberculosis.
+
+
+INFORMATION FOR CONSUMPTIVES AND THOSE LIVING WITH THEM
+
+     CONSUMPTION IS CHIEFLY CAUSED BY THE FILTHY HABIT OF
+     SPITTING.--Consumption is a disease of the lungs, which is
+     taken from others, and is not simply caused by colds, although
+     a cold may make it easier to take the disease. It is caused by
+     very minute germs, which usually enter the body with the air
+     breathed. The matter which consumptives cough or spit up
+     contains these germs in great numbers--frequently millions are
+     discharged in a single day. This matter, spit upon the floor,
+     wall or elsewhere, dries and is apt to become powdered and
+     float in the air as dust. The dust contains the germs, and thus
+     they enter the body with the air breathed. This dust is
+     especially likely to be dangerous within doors. The breath of a
+     consumptive, except when he is coughing or sneezing, does not
+     contain the germs and will not produce the disease. A well
+     person catches the disease from a consumptive only by in some
+     way taking in the matter coughed up by the consumptive.
+
+     Consumption can often be cured if its nature be recognized
+     early and if proper means be taken for its treatment. In a
+     majority of cases it is not a fatal disease.
+
+     It is not dangerous to live with a consumptive, if the matter
+     coughed up by him be promptly destroyed. This matter should not
+     be spit upon the floor, carpet, stove, wall, or sidewalk, but
+     always, if possible, in a cup kept for that purpose. The cup
+     should contain water so that the matter will not dry, or
+     better, carbolic acid in five per cent. watery solution (six
+     teaspoonfuls in a pint of water). This solution kills the
+     germs. The cup should be emptied into the water closet at least
+     twice a day, and carefully washed with boiling water.
+
+     Great care should be taken by consumptives to prevent their
+     hands, face, and clothing from becoming soiled with the matter
+     coughed up. If they do become thus soiled, they should be at
+     once washed with soap and hot water. Men with consumption
+     should wear no beards at all, or only closely cut mustaches.
+     When consumptives are away from home, the matter coughed up
+     should be received in a pocket flask made for this purpose. If
+     cloths must be used, they should be immediately burned on
+     returning home. If handkerchiefs be used (worthless cloths,
+     which can be at once burned, are far better), they should be
+     boiled at least half an hour in water by themselves before
+     being washed. When coughing or sneezing small particles of
+     spittle containing germs are expelled, so that consumptives
+     should always hold a handkerchief or cloth before the mouth
+     during these acts; otherwise the use of cloths and
+     handkerchiefs to receive the matter coughed up should be
+     avoided as much as possible, because it readily dries on these
+     and becomes separated and scattered into the air. Hence, when
+     possible, the matter should be received into cups or flasks.
+     Paper cups are better than ordinary cups, as the former with
+     their contents may be burned after being used. A pocket flask
+     of glass, metal, or pasteboard is also a most convenient
+     receptacle to spit in when away from home. Cheap and convenient
+     forms of flasks and cups may be purchased at many drug stores.
+     Patients too weak to use a cup should use moist rags, which
+     should at once be burned. If cloths are used they should not be
+     carried loose in the pocket, but in a waterproof receptacle
+     (tobacco pouch), which should be frequently boiled. A
+     consumptive should never swallow his expectoration.
+
+     A consumptive should have his own bed, and, if possible, his
+     own room. The room should always have an abundance of fresh
+     air--the window should be open day and night. The patient's
+     soiled wash-cloths and bed linen should be handled as little as
+     possible when dry, but should be placed in water until ready
+     for washing.
+
+     Rooms should be cleaned daily, but in order to prevent the
+     raising of dust, all floors must be well sprinkled before
+     sweeping, and all dusting, etc., done with damp cloths.
+
+     If the matter coughed up be rendered harmless, a consumptive
+     may frequently not only do his usual work without giving the
+     disease to others, but may also thus improve his own condition
+     and increase his chances of getting well.
+
+     Rooms which have been occupied by consumptives should be
+     thoroughly cleaned, scrubbed, and whitewashed, painted, or
+     papered before they are again occupied. Carpets, rugs, bedding,
+     etc., from rooms which have been occupied by consumptives,
+     should be disinfected. Such articles, if the Department of
+     Health be notified, will be sent for, disinfected, and returned
+     to the owner free of charge, or, if he so desires, they will be
+     destroyed.
+
+     When consumptives move they should notify the department of
+     health. Consumptives are warned against the many widely
+     advertised cures, specifics, and special methods of treating
+     consumption. No cure can be expected from any kind of medicine
+     or method except the regularly accepted treatment, which
+     depends upon pure air, an out-of-door life, and nourishing
+     food.
+
+     Consumptives having an opportunity of entering a sanatorium,
+     should do so at once.
+
+WHEN DELAY IS DANGEROUS.--Inasmuch as it is mother's duty to watch over
+the health and the efficiency of all members of the household, she would
+do well to establish a rule to err on the safe side in every case of
+sickness. That rule should be never to delay too long in obtaining
+medical aid.
+
+In nearly twenty years of active general practice I have had hundreds of
+"hurry" calls to "come at once." In not over a dozen of these calls did
+any of the cases demand immediate attention from a medical standpoint.
+Most of them, however, should have had earlier aid. People wait too long
+in the hope of spontaneous recovery, and when, instead of recovery, they
+realize that the patient is quite sick, they become conscience-stricken
+and send a "rush" call for the doctor. After delaying from day to day
+they decide to get professional advice and send a messenger for a
+physician with instructions to "go for another if he can't come at
+once." It is imperative he should come instantly, though they have
+delayed for a week in requesting his services. Every physician has these
+calls every week of his life. If an individual has survived a week's
+neglect, it is quite within reason to assume that he will survive
+another hour,--and during that hour the physician may have time to
+complete whatever he may be doing when the call comes.
+
+If you have been guilty of bad judgment in not sending earlier for aid,
+don't add discourtesy to your sins. The world demands of us, and every
+person has the right to expect, a certain degree of consideration and
+courtesy. If we do not give it, we only harm ourselves because the lack
+of cultivation is a detriment which limits growth and happiness. The
+degree of attainable happiness is limited by the degree of "goodness"
+that is in us. If you are not considerate, depend upon it, there is an
+element of happiness which escapes you, and you cannot attain it till
+you are considerate.
+
+It is inconsiderate and it is discourteous to send an immediate demand
+for a physician "to come at once" if there is no urgent need for his
+services, and if you have just been inspired for aid after a week's
+blindness, there is no urgency in the matter. A call in an hour would
+do just as well.
+
+Take the following case: A mother discovers a small quantity of blood in
+the diaper of her two months old baby. There is a larger quantity in the
+afternoon and she decides to give the baby a dose of castor oil. During
+the night it slept fitfully and in the morning it has a large stool as a
+result of the castor oil and there is a large quantity of blood in the
+stool. She sends a "rush" call for a physician. The physician discovers
+the following facts: The baby is being artificially fed; it has been
+vomiting its food for a week; its stools have been green, foul and
+contained mucus; it had a fever for a number of days; it has lost much
+weight and looked pale and sickly. The physician obtained this history
+from the mother--she therefore knew the baby's condition. Why did she
+delay sending for a physician? How sick did she want the child to be
+before the need for aid seemed justifiable to her? Why didn't the sight
+of blood in the stool suggest the need of assistance? What do the public
+expect of physicians in such cases? But why ask questions? Many mothers
+will doubt the existence of such a mother as is described above. They
+need not; she was one of my own patients. I do not understand such
+women; I only know that such mothers exist in quite large numbers. This
+particular mother has other children; she is a good housekeeper, is
+personally attractive, and is thought well of in the community. If such
+seemingly heartless conduct can spring from such a source is it not
+evidence of the fact that the average mother needs instruction, needs
+education, and does it not bespeak the need of eugenics being sown
+broadcast throughout the land?
+
+Delays are dangerous in all sicknesses that last, despite a thorough
+cleaning out of the bowels. To wait, hoping that "things will change,"
+is bad practice. It is unjust to the medical profession, and it is
+infinitely more unjust to the victim.
+
+There are two kinds of surgical operations--those of choice and those of
+necessity.
+
+Every one knows about the operations of necessity, most of which must
+be performed as a result of accident, but few people understand the
+dangers of delaying what are termed "operations of choice." These are
+for such conditions as appendicitis, cancer, and stomach and bowel
+troubles.
+
+Delaying an operation of choice lessens the chances of living, and
+really makes an operation of necessity with fewer chances of recovery
+than from the operations that must promptly follow injuries.
+
+When we feel that an operation is needed, or are in doubt about it, the
+wise thing to do is to consult medical authority. Then, if it is found
+there should be an operation, there is plenty of time to make every
+arrangement. We can begin to diet, which is generally necessary and
+there is every chance for speedy recovery.
+
+If a man breaks a leg and it has been set badly, the surgeons do not
+rebreak it at once, but allow it to heal and the patient to regain his
+strength, when it is again broken and reset properly. This is an
+operation of choice.
+
+But if a terrible fracture of the leg results from a fall, with the
+shattered bone protruding, an operation of necessity must follow to mend
+torn arteries.
+
+It has been learned through recently gathered statistics that about
+thirty per cent. of the people operated on for appendicitis die simply
+because they delay the operation. This should have been an operation of
+choice, when every arrangement could have been made long beforehand; the
+delay makes it an operation of necessity, with the victim in such poor
+physical condition that he has not half the strength to recover that he
+would have had if he had been wise enough to consult a physician when he
+first suspected that something was wrong.
+
+These same statistics go to show that fully 99 per cent. of the
+appendicitis cases, when taken in time, are cured by means of the
+operation, thus affording the strongest proof of the folly of delaying
+such things.
+
+The total number of deaths from appendicitis each year, due to delay in
+operating, is greater than the number of deaths during the
+Spanish-American War. There are instances where the doctors do not
+advise operations soon enough.
+
+Above all things, when a reputable physician advises operation, do not
+think you know more than the physician, but have the operation performed
+at once. Nine times out of ten this will be the means of saving your
+life.
+
+
+WHAT TO EAT AND WEAR IN HOT WEATHER
+
+No faith should be placed in the so-called "hot-weather" foods. The
+cereals and other manufactured foods advertised as possessing marvelous
+qualities, have in reality no advantage. Some of them have more or less
+value as ordinary food, but they certainly possess no unusual
+superiority. Home cooking is the best in summer or any other time.
+
+Great care should be taken to keep the system in the best possible
+condition. This will prove the most effectual safeguard against the
+heat. Some foods do not agree with certain individuals, and these should
+be carefully avoided in summer. Every person will have to judge for
+himself in this matter. Otherwise the diet should be balanced carefully
+so that enough, and yet not too much, is eaten. As much fruit as
+possible should be eaten, and meat never more than once a day. It is not
+well, however, to omit it entirely.
+
+Food sustains the body through the heat it generates chemically, and it
+is therefore impossible to eliminate a certain heating effect. If the
+system is kept normal, however, and the diet properly balanced, this
+should not be felt. Work is performed by the body and energy expended.
+This must be replaced with the heat value of food. A certain amount of
+fat, starch, and the other constituents of a well-balanced diet is
+essential.
+
+Fat meats and other forms of fat are the most heating of all foods and
+may be minimized in summer. The amount of food necessary is, of course,
+largely governed by the nature of the work performed by the individual.
+Brain workers can eat very little in the morning and during the day,
+reserving until evening the single heavy meal. If they have been doing
+this the year around they probably will be cooler during the morning and
+afternoon if a light breakfast and luncheon are eaten. It is not well,
+however, to make any radical change from one's regular habits.
+
+Manual workers require more food, and the heavy meal had best be eaten
+in the middle of the day. All three meals should be substantial. There
+is no danger of eating too much if the system is not overburdened.
+
+Not only is pork rich and fat, and therefore very heating, but it is the
+quickest of all meats to spoil. Veal also spoils very quickly if not
+kept at the proper temperature. Of all meats mutton has the best keeping
+qualities. Beef also keeps well and is a safe meat to eat in summer.
+
+Flies are dangerous under any conditions, but particularly should they
+be avoided where meat is kept. The bacteria they carry thrive
+particularly on meat, and therefore are apt more rapidly to multiply
+than if deposited on some other food. Care should be taken to buy meat
+only from places where adequate protection is provided against flies.
+
+It is of the greatest importance to keep the meat at a uniform cold
+temperature. It should not be allowed to become heated, and then cooled
+again. Some meat shops still keep the meat on open counters or hooks and
+replace it in the refrigerators at the close of the day. These shops
+should be carefully avoided. Modern methods provide glass-covered
+refrigerating counters which keep the meat cool while it is on display.
+
+Meat should be kept at as low a temperature as possible. The ordinary
+refrigerator is at a little above freezing and temperatures at or below
+zero are preferable.
+
+SCIENTIFIC DRESSING.--By dressing scientifically it is possible to
+minimize the effect of the heat. The heat from the sun must be kept away
+from the body and the heat generated by the body permitted to escape.
+These results can best be accomplished by having the clothes very loose
+fitting, so as to leave ample air space, and by having the outer clothes
+of a good non-conductor of heat. The cloth, of course, should be as
+light in weight as possible, but it is more important to have it a good
+non-conductor of heat and of porous weave.
+
+Not enough attention is paid to the selection of colors for resisting
+the heat. Two cloths identical except in color will show a great
+difference in the comparative amount of heat they let through. Light
+shades should be chosen, but care should be taken to see that they are
+not glaring, so as to irritate the eye and increase the mental effect of
+heat.
+
+Linen and silk are better non-conductors than wool. And the weave of a
+cloth has a great deal to do with the amount of heat it lets through.
+Smooth, hard weaves absorb much less heat than fuzzy weaves. For this
+reason, serge is much cooler than worsted of the same shade and weight.
+A mistake is often made, however, in getting serge of a dark blue. It
+should be of as light a color as possible; gray is much cooler than
+blue. A white serge is much cooler than white flannel, because it is
+less fuzzy.
+
+Linen is much cooler than woolens, because it is a better non-conductor
+and is of more porous weave. The linen thread is rough, which causes
+inequalities in the weave, permitting a more thorough circulation of
+air. Cotton is a still better non-conductor than linen, and would be
+preferable for summer clothes but for the fact that it neither wears nor
+holds its shape so well.
+
+Mohair is very light in weight and cool looking. As a matter of fact,
+however, it is a fairly good conductor of heat, is closely woven, and
+usually comes in dark shades. It is a woolen cloth, and any woolen has
+its threads woven more closely on account of the process of manufacture
+than linens, cotton, and silk cloths. Linen is perhaps the best material
+for summer wear. It is porous in weave, light in color, and of fairly
+light weight.
+
+It is well to remember that the safety valve of the body in hot weather
+is the evaporation of perspiration, not the act of perspiring. If the
+hand is put in a glove, for instance, it will perspire much more than if
+in the open air, but it will not be as cool. It is the evaporation that
+is a cooling process. If the perspiration is absorbed it cannot
+evaporate. That is why loose fitting undergarments are cooler than tight
+ones. It is also the reason why cotton is cooler next to the skin than
+linen or silk; it absorbs moisture less freely.
+
+DRINK PLENTY OF WATER.--Water, and a great deal of it, is desirable at
+any time during the summer. It should be drunk freely during the day.
+Lemonade also is good, the slight acid being an aid to digestion. It is
+best to have beverages cooled only to a moderate temperature. Ice water
+is not bad, but it would be preferable if it were not at so extreme a
+temperature. Ice is resorted to only as a convenient means of securing a
+palatable temperature; the system does not crave extreme cold. Water at
+the temperature of the air is nauseating, so ice is put into it and the
+other extreme secured. Sixty degrees is the ideal temperature for
+drinking water. If this could be conveniently obtained it would be
+preferred to a greater degree of cold. Not only is it less harmful to
+the system, but it is more satisfying and thirst-quenching. Water put in
+bottles and left in a refrigerator until properly chilled is the best
+way of preparing a summer beverage. When any beverage is sufficiently
+cold to cause a pain in the head or throat when drinking it the result
+may be harmful. Cold water poured on the wrist or head has a cooling
+effect and tends to reduce the ice water habit.
+
+If one could afford it, it would be well to drink nothing but mineral
+water in the summer. Not only does it assure purity, but the gas is an
+aid to digestion and serves to render the water more palatable. This
+results in more of it being drunk than if it were flat water, and it is
+desirable to drink as much water as possible in hot weather. By mineral
+water I mean carbonated bottled waters intended for table use. Care
+should be taken that the water is only lightly impregnated with salt.
+
+It is much safer to drink a well-known water. The water may not be
+bottled at the spring or it may be bottled under unsanitary conditions.
+In many cases mineral water is not all that it should be in cleanliness.
+Unless one is sure of the purity of a bottled water good hydrant water
+supplied through the city pipes is safer.
+
+In traveling, however, and at summer resorts it would be well to drink
+nothing but mineral water of a well-known brand. Only by doing this and
+by being certain that the bottle has not been refilled can one be safe.
+The supplied on trains and in resorts frequently is not as pure as that
+supplied in large cities.
+
+On the whole, however, mineral water has no particular advantage over
+ordinary water except that the well-known brands are sure to be pure,
+and the carbonization makes it more tasty and so increases the amount
+consumed. It is much safer and more healthful to drink a well-known
+mineral water than the so-called soft drinks, many of which are unclean
+and harmful.
+
+
+
+
+DISEASES OF WOMEN
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXIX
+
+DISEASES OF WOMEN
+
+     Importance of Diseases of Women--The Beginning of Female
+     Disease--Ailing Women Are Inefficient--As Home-makers, as Wife,
+     as Mother--Few Ailing Women Become Pregnant--The Chief Cause of
+     Female Disease--The Existence of the Average Mother--Female
+     Diseases Are Avoidable--The Story of the Wife--Women Who Don't
+     Want Children--Abuse of the Procreative Function--What the
+     Woman with Female Disease Should Do--Cancer in Women--Cancer of
+     the Breast--Cancer of the Womb--What Every Woman Should Know
+     About Cancer--Change of Life--The Menopause--The
+     Climacteric--The Average Age at Which the Change of Life
+     Occurs--Symptoms of the Change of Life--Importance of a Correct
+     Diagnosis--Danger Signals of the Change of Life--Conduct During
+     the Change of Life.
+
+
+No conscientious physician can give thought to this subject without
+being profoundly stirred. It may justly be said that all types of
+disease affecting the general health, the happiness, and the efficiency
+of the people are equally important, and should elicit the same degree
+and quality of kindly consideration. For many reasons this is not so, as
+I will endeavor to show. The dominating reason which renders diseases of
+women an exception to this rule may be mentioned here, however, so that
+the reader will keep its supreme significance prominently in mind while
+considering the subject in its various other aspects. "Diseases of
+women" rank first as a eugenic problem. They have a direct and
+far-reaching influence on posterity. They affect the environment of the
+home and thereby the health and the efficiency of all concerned.
+
+The diseases which form the basis of the statements in this article are
+as follows: leucorrhea, displacements, or malpositions of the internal
+organs; lacerations, ulcers, tumors, sexual incompetency, and the
+venereal complications.
+
+It is not possible or desirable to tabulate the symptoms which result
+from these conditions. They would not convey to the average individual a
+just picture or an intelligent summary of the life of a victim of these
+ailments. An actual description of the life of a patient will be more
+effective because it will depict the incidental domestic atmosphere in
+which most of these patients live.
+
+THE BEGINNING OF FEMALE DISEASE.--When a woman first begins to feel the
+effects of so-called "female weakness" she is conscious of not feeling
+"fit." She wonders what the matter is. She may not have actual pain at
+this time, simply the consciousness that "she is not what she used to
+be." Her work seems harder and more tedious, she worries without cause,
+she begins the day with less energy and ambition than she used to, her
+disposition is more uneven, more irritable and she tires easier and is
+more willing to retire earlier than formerly. After a time she has more
+or less undefined pains. It may be an occasional headache, or backache,
+or she may have various severe neuralgic twinges. She gets nervous and
+moody; her appetite is not good and she is troubled with constipation. A
+little later, the general condition growing worse, her nervous system
+suffers most. So she drifts into neurasthenia and has fits of crying and
+periods of melancholia. She is more irritable, more impatient, more
+dissatisfied with herself, her family, and her friends. She loses faith
+in herself, in the future, and even in her religion, and she may
+contemplate self-destruction.
+
+There are thousands and thousands of just such women in the world, and
+the pity is that many of them are mothers. It is surely self-evident
+that these women must be failures as efficient factors in many ways.
+
+
+NEUROPATHIC ANCESTRY[C]
+
+[Illustration]
+
+From a first glance at the chart it would appear that Daniel was an
+accidental case of feeble-mindedness. His progenitors were, however,
+decidedly neuropathic. The presence of apoplexy, paralysis, alcoholism
+in a family should be watched for with vigilance because of their
+possible effect upon the nervous system of the offspring.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+Parents would do well to scrutinize the man who "led a fast life" before
+allowing him marry their daughter. The world would be shocked if it knew
+how many men with disease enter into conjugal relations. David's father
+had syphilis. David's feeble-mindedness was probably only one of the
+awful results.
+
+[Footnote C: "Feeble-mindedness; Its Causes and Consequences," Goddard,
+The Macmillan Company.]
+
+
+AILING WOMEN ARE INEFFICIENT
+
+FIRST OF ALL AS HOME-MAKERS.--No woman can possibly be expected to
+successfully conduct a home if she is not enjoying a reasonable degree
+of good health. A home inefficiently supervised is an instrument for
+evil. It engenders discord and discontent, and it is lacking in the
+spirit which is essential to the cultivation of good-fellowship and
+which encourages harmony.
+
+AS WIFE.--Most men resent the burden and the discomfort and the expense
+of an ailing wife, no matter how well-intentioned they may be. It is a
+failing of the male species to be cursed with the inability to
+understand any type of nervousness in a wife. Being inexplicable to him
+he attributes the symptoms to an evil imagination or to a bad
+disposition. He believes he is being imposed upon and proceeds to resent
+it. Many homes are rendered permanently miserable and unhappy by a
+failure to comprehend the real source of the trouble and to apply the
+remedy. Being inefficient as a home-maker the wife is not able to carry
+out her part as housekeeper. The home atmosphere is wrecked, the husband
+seeks comfort and congenial fellowship elsewhere. His efficiency is
+compromised and his earning capacity interfered with.
+
+AS MOTHER.--Anyone familiar with the exacting obligations and
+responsibilities of motherhood can well appreciate that normal health is
+an essential requisite to its successful consummation. The success of
+motherhood depends upon the proper exercise of many diversified
+qualities, and those in turn primarily depend upon an adequate degree of
+physical fitness, otherwise failure is certain to ensue. A woman,
+therefore, cannot exercise her function of motherhood if she is a
+neurasthenic.
+
+Inasmuch as it has been proved that the regeneration of the race is
+dependent upon the maintenance of mentally and physically fit mothers,
+any condition that interferes with this standard is contrary to the
+eugenic requirement. Children sent out into the word unfit physically or
+morally are factors detrimental to the best interests of society and to
+their own progress and prosperity. A mother rendered incapable through
+sickness is, therefore, a menace to the home and to the eugenic promise.
+
+FEW AILING WOMEN BECOME PREGNANT.--Nature fortunately seems to apprehend
+the true condition because few of these women become pregnant. This
+suggests an inquiry into the cause, or causes, underlying this
+unfortunate situation.
+
+Are women responsible for these ailments?
+
+Most married women whose health is broken down by some disease peculiar
+to their sex refer the commencement of their suffering to a confinement
+or premature birth. The large majority of those women whose health is
+affected, because of some "female weakness," suffer from a displacement,
+or malposition of the internal organs, and as this condition is most
+frequently a product of maternity, there would seem to be some
+reasonable degree of justification for the assumption that the wrecked
+health is the result of a legitimate physiological act, and consequently
+a natural phenomenon. This is not, however, altogether true. A
+displacement is not, under any circumstances, a natural process. It is
+the result of causes which are avoidable. Most of them are the penalties
+imposed by nature because of the infraction of her laws. We will not
+consider those causes which have their beginning in wrong methods of
+dress or conduct during the years prior to maternity. Many such cases
+exist, but they are too few in number to justify consideration at this
+time. They are frequent enough, however, to suggest to mothers that it
+is always wise to keep a close watch over the tendencies and conduct of
+their daughters.
+
+THE CHIEF CAUSE OF FEMALE DISEASES.--When a woman has given birth to a
+child her womb begins to contract and in a very brief space of time will
+resume its normal position, provided nothing interferes with the
+process. Nature will do exactly what is right if she is permitted to
+work in her own way. In another part of this book I have explained why
+it takes time for the recently pregnant womb to contract to its normal
+size. There is a 600 per cent. increase in volume to be got rid of by
+absorption. This takes time and nature can not be hurried without
+"taking chances." This is just where the "cause" exists which we have
+been looking for. Women do take chances.
+
+Every woman should stay in bed for at least three weeks after
+confinement and should spend another three weeks convalescing before she
+assumes any domestic duty. This is a reasonable proposition when one
+considers the actual situation. There is an enormous amount of
+readjustment to be undertaken, and there is no way of hastening this
+process. There is, however, a way to assist nature and to prevent
+mistakes. That way is to remain in bed a sufficient length of time to
+allow proper contraction of the womb. While the ligaments and muscles
+are still lax, to not undertake any muscular effort that will overtax or
+overstrain them,--a condition that favors displacement by weakening the
+support of the womb. A woman cannot understand why she should stay in
+bed when she feels well enough to get up. It is, however, unjust to
+censure the sex on this account. I am convinced the fault lies with the
+medical profession who do not take time to explain, in language which a
+woman may understand, the important reasons why they should stay longer
+in bed despite the fact that they do feel well.
+
+THE EXISTENCE OF THE AVERAGE MOTHER.--In considering this subject it is
+necessary to give some serious thought to the domestic and financial
+circumstances of the thousands and thousands of average mothers. Every
+observing, thinking person knows that the average mother's existence is
+more or less of a never-ending tragedy. Physically, mentally, and
+spiritually, they are victims of unalterable economic and social
+exigencies. They are compelled, because of ignorance, to live an
+unsanitary and unhygienic existence. The care of home and children, and
+maybe the unappreciative and inconsiderate attention of a careless and
+vindictive husband, add to the incidental worries,--fraying her nerves
+and disposition,--of the ordinary routine of a cheerless, hopeless life.
+Add to this experience the enormous drain of frequent child bearing upon
+her vitality, and we have a picture with which every physician is
+familiar.
+
+Can such a woman possibly observe the essential rules of the hygiene of
+pregnancy? Has she the time and the means to build up her reserve energy
+and strength to competently undertake the duties of maternity or
+motherhood? Is she physically fit to give birth to a child? After it is
+all over can she devote the time to permit nature to do her share of the
+physical readjustment? Can she afford, or will she be permitted to
+remain in bed long enough to allow conditions to be favorable to
+getting up without "taking a chance"? Inasmuch as her muscular tone is
+poor, her strength depleted, her vitality wasted, her ambition and hope
+at a low ebb, nature should be given a longer time, under the most
+favorable hygienic and domestic conditions, to help in the problem of
+readjustment, because her whole future, as an efficient machine, as
+wife, as mother, as home-maker, and as an economic individuality, is
+dependent upon how this crisis is met. This is the most important
+problem which an enlightened civilization has before it. It is the
+supreme eugenic task, and it is the most pressing and the most vital
+question for statesmen to solve. No man can deny that the permanency of
+the state is dependent upon the function of motherhood, yet motherhood
+is conducted by unskilled labor--labor, the quality of which no business
+would tolerate. We also know that the health of the workman has become
+an economic problem. Capital finds that labor is of better quality, and
+consequently more remunerative in every sense, if the environment is
+conducive to happiness and health. Yet motherhood, the most important
+labor in the world, upon which the very existence of the state depends,
+in addition to being performed by unskilled labor, is undertaken by
+physically unfit and frequently unwilling laborers, in an environment
+which is a disgrace to civilization and which cannot be duplicated in
+the whole realm of the brute world. This is the quality of labor, the
+products of which constitute the state.
+
+If anyone is disposed to believe that this is an over-drawn picture, let
+him study the facts brought out in the recent patent medicine
+investigation. It was found that one small, unimportant, quack medical
+company had under treatment at one time (the day the government closed
+it up) 200,000 women, suffering exclusively from female diseases. How
+many similar cases must there be to support the large advertising
+concerns, whose tentacles reach to the remotest corners of the country
+and who limit their activity and cater to "diseases of women" only. Let
+him also give some thought to the fact that no specialty in the whole
+field of legitimate medical practice has grown with such enormous
+strides, or is as remunerative to the ordinary physician as the
+department of "diseases of women."
+
+FEMALE DISEASES ARE AVOIDABLE.--If, as has been asserted, the great
+majority of these ailments are traceable to causes which are avoidable,
+what is the remedy? In one word it is "Enlightenment." We must educate
+the ordinary mother who is so busy over her wash tubs and babies that
+she has no time to seek information upon subject which she doesn't even
+know exist, who does not even know how to feed her baby as well as the
+scrubbiest cat does her kitten, who does not know what eugenics means
+and is interested in it even less. We must stop limiting our talks to
+theorizing in clubs and societies. We must carry the tidings to the
+firesides of those hundreds of thousands of women who would listen and
+act, but who do not know what to do or how to correct their faults.
+
+There is another feature of this subject which should be recalled in
+this connection. It has already been gone into in detail in the article
+on eugenics. There are many thousands of women who are compelled to
+fight the battle of life, upon whom an unjust disease has been grafted,
+which is sapping their strength and vitality, and which they do not
+appreciate or understand. Husbands infect wives unwittingly, wreck their
+constitutions, blast their hope of ever having a child, and then heap
+upon them abuse for an inability for which they are themselves directly
+responsible. Many homes are desecrated in this way and the real culprit
+is never suspected. Many women, who begin their married life under the
+most auspicious conditions so far as physical fitness or temperamental
+quality is concerned, have their health, and happiness, and success
+utterly ruined, and after spending a miserable, wretched existence, have
+their hope of maternity forever blasted on the operating table. The
+story of "the wife" has never been told. It is God's riddle.
+
+WOMEN WHO DON'T WANT CHILDREN.--Sometimes the woman is at fault. Many
+young wives begin married life with the intention of not having a child
+for a year or two. They don't want to be tied down too soon. They want
+some fun themselves. They are willing to become the legal mistress of a
+man, but they are not willing to assume the responsibilities of married
+life. It is difficult to understand the ethics of this type of morality.
+I have always given these young wives credit with simply not knowing
+what they were doing. Either their education or their common sense is
+lamentably deficient, or what is still worse, their mother was the wrong
+kind of a woman. If these unfortunate young wives have no regard for the
+cultivation of a good conscience, they should at least have some regard
+for their own health. From a purely selfish standpoint,--the standpoint
+of efficiency and success,--one would imagine these women would be
+unwilling to risk their whole future physical welfare on the chance of
+immunity--and it is a small chance.
+
+ABUSE OF THE PROCREATIVE FUNCTION.--In order to carry out this
+programme, various means are brought into requisition. In many cases I
+have known the wife has compelled the husband to wear devices which
+rendered conception impossible. This is a highly reprehensible
+procedure. If continued for any length of time it will seriously affect
+the husband's nervous system and general health, as this act is simply a
+form of self-abuse. Any husband who will tolerate such imposition is
+beginning married life wrong. He will pay a high price for his
+complacency. Any woman who suggests or acquiesces in such an arrangement
+is a moral degenerate and is absolutely unworthy of ever becoming a
+mother.
+
+Some women buy expensive and fantastic syringes and proceed to abuse
+themselves with strong antiseptic solutions. This will result in killing
+the sensitiveness of the terminal nerves and end in depriving themselves
+of the pleasure with which a wise Providence endowed the procreative
+act. If the element of sexual incompetency enters the home of a young
+couple, it is the beginning of the end and each chapter of the story
+will be a worse hell than the one just ended. The wise husband will see
+that its cause will not be tolerated or begun in his family.
+
+If pregnancy should unwittingly occur they do not hesitate to adopt
+drastic means to "bring themselves around." They will procure some
+prescription which may have gone the rounds as a "marvel" but which
+always fortunately fails when they need it most. Thus they subject their
+system to the shock of violent medication and lay up for themselves in
+the future untold miseries. If these means fail, they go to "a woman
+whom they know" who "brings them around." If these young wives only knew
+what they were doing they could not be bought at any price to submit to
+such surgical tragedies. The least probable result will be that when the
+time arrives and circumstances are opportune to have a baby, and when it
+is their dearest wish to be a mother, they will discover that they no
+longer possess the ability to conceive. Many homes have been rendered
+childless in just this way. You cannot violate the laws of nature
+without paying the penalty in some way, and it is usually a sad
+reckoning.
+
+WHAT THE WOMAN WITH FEMALE DISEASE SHOULD DO.--To those wives who are
+suffering with "female weakness," or who are in poor health without
+apparent or known cause, I would strongly advise a visit to their family
+physician or to an expert in diseases of women. Tell him exactly how you
+feel and submit to a thorough examination. Most of the diseases of women
+are readily curable, and if treated right all the symptoms which have
+rendered life miserable will disappear. It may be stated with the
+strongest emphasis, however, that no treatment from an advertising
+concern, or any patent medicine ever made, will in any sense cure any of
+these ailments. Every cent invested in any of these nostrums is money
+wasted. Medicine by the mouth is never necessary to affect a cure of the
+actual ailment. A physician will doubtless prescribe a tonic for your
+general rundown condition. But even this would totally fail if the cause
+of the ill health was not removed, and this necessitates an examination
+and special local treatment. For any advertising concern to assert that
+it can tell what ails a patient by simply filling out a symptom blank is
+utter nonsense. It is worse. It is obtaining money under false
+pretenses, and should be punishable by imprisonment at hard labor for a
+long term.
+
+
+CANCER IN WOMEN
+
+My only object in referring to this disease is to direct the attention
+of women to its symptoms.
+
+The only cure for cancer at the present time is the knife. If the
+disease can be reached it can be cured, if taken in hand early.
+
+In women, cancer occurs most frequently in the breast and in the womb.
+
+CANCER OF THE BREAST.--Of all the tumors which affect the breast, cancer
+is the most frequent. Any tumor in the breast of a woman forty years of
+age or more is quite likely to be a cancer. A tumor (or lump) which has
+remained small for years and then begins to grow rapidly has changed its
+type and become cancerous. Many such tumors change in this way during
+the "change of life." Any tumor of the breast, at any age, which remains
+despite effort to dissipate it should be removed by operation. A
+physician is not justified in assuring a woman that a lump in the breast
+is harmless. It should be cut into and examined to positively decide its
+character. Early operation of tumors of the breast has greatly reduced
+the percentage of deaths from cancer.
+
+CANCER OF THE WOMB.--Occasional slight hemorrhages becoming more
+frequent, and later more abundant and offensive, constitute one of the
+first symptoms of cancer of the womb. Between the actual bleedings there
+is a discharge resembling dish-water. This discharge has a foul odor.
+Pain is as a rule a late symptom. Sometimes a severe pain extending into
+the hip or abdomen is an early symptom but it is very infrequent. Every
+woman over thirty who has a persistent leucorrhea, or any irregularity
+of the menstrual function, should be examined for cancer.
+
+WHAT EVERY WOMAN SHOULD KNOW ABOUT CANCER.--Inasmuch as cancer is
+curable if taken early, every woman should take steps to be on the safe
+side.
+
+If cancer is not taken early, it is certain death. A very large number
+die who could have been saved.
+
+Every lump in the breast should be positively diagnosed by cutting into
+it and examining it. It would be safer to remove every tumor of the
+breast at an early date.
+
+Any discharge from the privates of a woman which has a bad or foul odor
+is suspicious; any irregular bleeding is more than suspicious. Any woman
+having these symptoms should be examined by a competent physician. Every
+woman over thirty-five years of age should be examined by a physician
+every six months. No woman should enter the change of life without a
+very thorough examination. Cancer is a disease which does not permit
+"taking a chance" with. It is far better to be certain, since it is
+curable if caught early, than to find out about it when too late,
+because, "too late" means death.
+
+
+"CHANGE OF LIFE." THE MENOPAUSE
+
+The average period of life during which a woman menstruates is from
+thirty to thirty-two years. When this period is about to expire she
+enters what is termed the "change of life," or the menopause, or the
+climacteric.
+
+The average age at which "change of life" occurs in this country is
+about the forty-sixth year. It may normally occur, however, at any time
+between the fortieth and fiftieth year. There are cases on record when
+it has occurred earlier than the fortieth and later than the fiftieth
+year. When menstruation in a girl begins early, the menopause occurs
+late. On the other hand, if a girl does not have her regular monthly
+periods until she is older than usual,--about the eighteenth or
+twentieth year,--the "change of life" will set in at a very early age.
+Women who are victims of certain exhausting diseases, as, consumption,
+Bright's disease of the kidney, diabetes, or whose health is poor
+because of general physical debility from any cause, or who have had a
+large number of children in rapid succession, enter the "change of life"
+earlier than they otherwise would if their health was good. In women who
+are excessively fat the menopause is apt to occur at an early age. On
+the other hand disease of the generative organs, or the presence of
+tumors of the womb may retard the process. Women in the higher walk of
+life, those living in cities those who do not labor or exercise
+sufficiently will enter this period at an earlier date than those who
+live in the country, who work and are physically more healthy.
+
+SYMPTOMS OF "CHANGE OF LIFE."--When the menopause begins, the monthly
+periods are less profuse, the flow is scanty. As the months pass,
+menstruation becomes less and less until it ceases entirely. In a
+certain number of cases it stops abruptly and never appears again.
+Sometimes a period misses altogether, or a number of periods are passed
+over without any sign of menstruation, after which it may reappear
+either as a scanty flow, or as a profuse discharge. This may be followed
+for a number of months by irregular appearances of the menstrual
+phenomenon and then by its total cessation.
+
+These may be the only symptoms or signs of the "change of life," and
+this is the normal state if the health is good. It cannot, however, be
+said that this is the average experience. Unfortunately the women of the
+present time do not live lives which conduce to robust health at this
+period of life. We find as a rule that the general health is below par.
+So they suffer from headache, "flushes," digestive disturbances, and
+many nervous symptoms which appear to be directly caused by the process
+through which they are passing. The "flushes" are disagreeable
+experiences. They consist of a feeling of heat which spreads over the
+entire body as if the blood was rushing to the surface and to the head.
+These flushes are followed by sweating and chilly sensations. The
+nervous symptoms may be quite marked. The woman loses her interest in
+the daily happenings. She may have mental vagaries, she is irritable and
+often melancholy and periods of seeming insanity may occur.
+
+IMPORTANCE OF A CORRECT DIAGNOSIS.--It is a mistake to attribute every
+symptom a woman may have at this time of life to the menopause. She is
+just as liable to develop conditions at this time, which she would at
+any age, and which have no relation to the "change of life." Every
+symptom should, therefore, be carefully investigated, because serious
+conditions may complicate the menopause, and if attributed to it and
+neglected, may end disastrously.
+
+During the "change of life," the generative organs become smaller or, as
+it has been termed, "dry up." The breasts also are involved in the
+shrinking process. It is quite a common experience for women to "lay on"
+fat, to become "flabby," at this age.
+
+It is important that women should become familiar with the ordinary
+symptoms of the "change of life," in order that they may be constantly
+on guard against conditions that may indicate danger. Medical
+investigation has conclusively proved that many women lose their lives
+because they regarded the presence of certain symptoms as common to the
+"change of life." There is a tendency to disease at this time which must
+be intelligently considered, and if women are not posted to note unusual
+signs or symptoms they may neglect or ignore them, only to find when too
+late that these signs and symptoms were no part of the "change of life."
+
+THE DANGER SIGNALS OF THE CHANGE OF LIFE.--There are certain "danger
+signals" which should warn every woman that something is amiss, these
+are:--
+
+(1) Profuse bleeding during the process of the "change."
+
+(2) Bleeding occurring between the regular menstrual periods.
+
+(3) The reappearance of slight bleedings or hemorrhages after
+menstruation has ceased for a number of months.
+
+These symptoms are always suggestive of the presence of conditions that
+should not exist. They may indicate cancer, or some less serious
+condition that is amenable to cure by prompt and efficient treatment.
+Inasmuch as they may mean the beginning of cancer,--as explained in the
+preceding chapter on cancer, and which should be read in this
+connection,--immediate steps should be taken to find out the actual
+facts. Delay means death if it is cancer, while the most recent
+statistics show that in many cases a complete cure is possible if the
+surgeon gets the case early.
+
+CONDUCT DURING "CHANGE OF LIFE."--When a woman enters the "change of
+life" she is approaching a crisis that demands the most conscientious
+attention on her own part, and the sincerest consideration by all around
+her. She has reached the time of life when she owes herself something,
+and if she is wise she will willingly pay the debt. If she is not in
+good health she must make every effort to regain it promptly, even if
+radical measures must be employed in doing so. Nothing will contribute
+to her mental and physical comfort more than robust health during this
+period.
+
+She must employ every hygienic measure that experience has taught us
+contributes to our well being. She must live an outdoor life as much as
+possible, taking sufficient exercise to keep the muscles and bodily
+functions in good condition. If she cannot exercise enough she should
+sit out of doors, dressed in seasonable clothing, and she should make up
+the deficiency in exercise by employing a competent masseuse. A thorough
+massage twice a week is sufficient. If her physician recommends an
+occasional Turkish bath it is a desirable aid as it helps the skin to
+throw off any excess of waste matter that may be circulating in the
+blood.
+
+The home environment of these women should be congenial, and they should
+be relieved of the work and worry incident to domestic life. The nervous
+condition demands this degree of consideration, and the husband should
+make it his business to see that the wife, who has toiled to aid him
+during all the long years of married companionship, is accorded every
+possible help through the most trying and important period of her life.
+It is not to be understood, however, that she should be left without
+occupation. It is possible to indulge in congenial work which will
+occupy her time and attention without overtaxing her strength or fraying
+her nerves. A certain amount of amusement is desirable, and helps to
+tide over periods that might lag and encourage introspection and worry.
+An entire change of scenery and surroundings. A visit to the seashore or
+to the mountains is to be commended.
+
+During this period the diet should be simple and the bowels should be
+kept open regularly. Inasmuch as these patients frequently suffer from
+digestive disturbances, it is wise to refrain from those articles of
+diet that ordinarily cause indigestion. Such articles are, sweet dishes,
+pies, pastries, candies, fresh bread, fried food, sugars, and the
+relishes and seasoning extras which constitute the et ceteras of the
+table. Meat should never be taken to excess, alcohol and all stimulants
+are to be avoided. Water may be taken freely to advantage.
+
+
+
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXX
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL
+
+     What Mothers Should Know About the Patent Medicine
+     Evil--Tonics--Used by Temperance People Because it Could
+     "Stimulate"--Stomach Bitters--Blood
+     Bitters--Sarsaparilla--Celery Compounds--Malt Whisky--Headache
+     Remedies--Pain Powders--Anti-headache Powders--Headache
+     Powders--Soothing Syrups--Baby's Friends--Catarrh
+     Powders--Kidney Pills--Expectorant--Cough Syrup--Lithia
+     Waters--Health, Wealth and Happiness for a Dollar a Bottle--New
+     Discovery for Consumption--Consumption Cure--Cancer
+     Cures--Pills for Pale People--Elixir of Life.
+
+
+WHAT MOTHERS SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL
+
+Much has been written about the patent medicine evil during the past few
+years. One very thorough crusade has been instituted and efficiently
+carried through, exposing the evils of the patent medicine business.
+Whatever legislation is in force to-day which has for its object the
+regulation of the evil, is largely a product of that crusade.
+Notwithstanding these efforts, it is a fact that scarcely any of the
+great majority who should be interested in the subject, because they are
+its victims, have any knowledge of the nature or extent of the evil, or
+appreciate its far-reaching and pernicious influence. For two reasons I
+regard it as peculiarly fitting, that the subject should be given
+adequate consideration in this book:--
+
+First, because mothers should be told the whole truth about all
+conditions that have any influence on the health of the members of the
+home.
+
+Second, because though we are the victims of many evils and many forms
+of "graft," which directly or indirectly affect our pockets and our
+morals, we submit to them because they have no bearing on the physical
+well-being of the race. As mothers, however, and as the conservers of
+the fitness of the family and the home, we are directly and rightly
+interested in an evil which deeply affects the health and the efficiency
+of members of the family as the patent medicine evil does. It is through
+the mothers of the race that this enemy of the home must be finally and
+completely overthrown. If every mother in the land could be taught to
+understand even a fraction of the truth of the insidious wrong hidden
+under the mask of the nostrum advertisement, we would witness a
+righteous resentment that could only be satisfied by legislative
+enactment that would wipe out forever the whole infamous business. No
+spasmodic or localized effort will ever succeed against this public
+enemy. Its very strength is the people whom it dupes and despises,
+because they supply the money with which the patent medicine combine
+fights its battles.
+
+It has been estimated that three hundred millions of dollars are spent
+annually on patent medicines and fake medical cures in the United
+States. Three hundred million dollars fraudulently obtained every year,
+mostly from the poor, is surely a subject deserving of honest and
+careful consideration.
+
+The pure food and drug act compelled the manufacturers of patent
+medicines to publish the formulae of their remedies on their labels. This
+is a big step in the right direction. Many States have helped the
+propaganda in one way or another, but much remains to be done. When the
+formulae were demanded it was discovered that all nostrums belonged to a
+certain class. For example it was found that the soothing syrups--which
+are fed to babies--all contained opium in some form, or an equally
+dangerous drug. The headache remedies were all dangerous, every one of
+them containing ingredients which affect the heart seriously. The
+so-called tonics owed their chief virtue to their stimulating effect,
+which was due to the alcohol they contained and which in many instances
+practically equaled ordinary whisky in quality, quantity, and effect.
+
+It has been authoritatively stated that more alcohol is consumed in this
+country in patent medicines than is dispensed in a legal way by licensed
+liquor venders, barring the sale of ales and beer.
+
+Many so-called remedies were found to contain absolutely no medication
+at all. They were simply sugar, or starch, or some harmless substance.
+But they were being sold to cure anything from kidney disease to cancer.
+It was an astonishing revelation and in a way it showed how far men will
+go to attain financial success.
+
+A well-known tonic was at the time of the investigation one of the most
+prominent proprietary nostrums in the country. The actual cost including
+bottle, label, contents, and packing is between fifteen and eighteen
+cents. It costs in the drug store $1.00 per bottle. It was found to
+contain alcohol and water and a pinch of burnt sugar for coloring
+purposes, and one-half of one per cent. of mild drugs. It was claimed
+that it would cure all or any of the diseases listed in the book, and
+that list practically includes all the ills of man. It is within the
+limits of truth to assert that this tonic, though advertised as a
+medicine, was largely in demand as a stimulant and intoxicant,--just as
+a certain famous malt whisky is to-day. Voluminous evidence is on record
+wherein it is shown that it was used in enormous quantities as a
+stimulant, in exactly the same way as ordinary whisky is used. The dose
+of any medicine is, as a rule, seldom over a tablespoonful three or four
+times a day. The average individual would imagine that there would be
+some risk attached to increasing the dose from a tablespoonful to the
+contents of a large size bottle. The only risk was that the patient got
+a more profound and maybe a more satisfying "jag." In "no license" towns
+this tonic was bought by the druggists in gross lots and used
+exclusively for its intoxicating properties. In southern Ohio, and in
+the mountain districts of West Virginia the "---- jag" was a standard
+form of intoxication. In many Southern newspapers there appeared
+regularly advertised cures for the "---- habit," brought on by the use
+of this preparation,--and no doubt the cure was a stronger percentage of
+liquor as this scheme was frequently worked to steal the patients from
+one remedy to another.
+
+The following communication was sent out by the Department of the
+Interior, as a result of the alarming reports which were regularly
+reaching Washington regarding the prevalence of drunkenness among the
+Indians, despite the fact that "no liquor" was sold in these government
+reservations. The fact was that the Indians had discovered this pleasant
+tonic.
+
+     DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
+
+     Office of Indian Affairs.
+
+     Washington, D. C.
+
+     To Indian Agents and School Superintendents in charge of
+     Agencies:
+
+     In connection with this investigation, please give particular
+     attention to the proprietary medicines and other compounds
+     which the traders keep in stock, with special reference to the
+     liability of their misuse by Indians on account of the alcohol
+     which they contain. The sale of ----, which is on the lists of
+     several traders, is hereby absolutely prohibited. As a
+     medicine, something else can be substituted; as an intoxicant,
+     it has been found too tempting and effective....
+
+Mr. S. H. Adams in "The Great American Fraud" writes as follows: "The
+other reason why this or some other of its class is often the agency of
+drunkenness instead of whisky is that the drinker of it doesn't want to
+get drunk, at least she doesn't know that she wants to get drunk. I use
+the feminine pronoun advisedly, because the remedies of this class are
+largely supported by women. Several of the others of these well-known
+proprietary medicines depend for their popularity chiefly on their
+alcohol. One celery compound relieves depression and lack of vitality on
+the same principle that a cocktail does, and with the same necessity for
+repetition. I know an estimable lady from the Middle West who visited
+her dissipated brother in New York--dissipated from her point of view,
+because she was a pillar of the W. C. T. U., and he frequently took a
+cocktail before dinner and came back with it on his breath, whereon she
+would weep over him as one lost to hope. One day, in a mood of brutal
+exasperation, when he had not had his drink and was able to discern the
+flavor of her grief, he turned on her: 'I'll tell you what's the matter
+with you,' he said, 'You're drunk--maudlin drunk!'
+
+"She promptly and properly went into hysterics. The physician who
+attended diagnosed the case more politely, but to the same effect, and
+ascertained that she had consumed something like half a bottle of a
+certain swamp root that afternoon. Now, swamp root is a very creditable
+'booze,' but much weaker in alcohol than most of its class. The brother
+was greatly amused until he discovered, to his alarm, that his drink
+abhorring sister couldn't get along without her patent medicine bottle!
+She was in a fair way, quite innocently, of becoming a drunkard."
+
+Another famous stomach bitters was found to contain, according to an
+official State analysis, 44 per cent. of alcohol; another mixture
+contained 20 per cent. of alcohol; a certain blood bitters contained 25
+per cent. of alcohol; a sarsaparilla 26 per cent.; a celery compound 21
+per cent.; the malt whiskey is in this class and is a particularly
+obnoxious fraud, for it pretends to be a medicine and to relieve all
+kinds of lung and throat disease. It is especially favored by temperance
+people because in this way they get their "grog" in the guise of a
+medicine. It is sold in many places across the bar of saloons at 15
+cents per drink, as many other brands of rye and Bourbon whisky are
+sold.
+
+Think of treating any disease of the stomach with the famous stomach
+bitters containing 44 per cent. of alcohol,--just 6 per cent. less than
+the amount of alcohol in an ordinary bottle of whisky. Yet all of these
+patent medicines have made fortunes for their owners, some of them have
+made millions in a few years.
+
+A number of years ago a company with a keen vision for profits conceived
+the idea of bottling the water of the Great Lakes and selling it at
+almost champagne prices. When delivered to the druggist ready for sale
+the "remedy" contained 99 per cent. water, the other 1 per cent.
+consisting of a few drops of an inert acid, used simply to give it a
+slight tart taste. The preparation had absolutely no medical utility of
+any description.
+
+One of the greatest advertising crusades ever carried out in the
+interest of a patent medicine was inaugurated and in these
+advertisements it was claimed that it would cure:--
+
+    Asthma,
+    Bronchitis,
+    Coughs, Colds,
+    Cancer,
+    Dyspepsia,
+    Fevers,
+    Hay Fever,
+    Leucorrhea,
+    Piles, Quinsy,
+    Skin Diseases,
+    Throat Troubles,
+    Abscess,
+    Blood Poison,
+    Consumption,
+    Catarrh,
+    Dandruff,
+    Gallstones,
+    Influenza,
+    Malaria,
+    Rheumatism,
+    Tuberculosis,
+    Anemia,
+    Bowel Troubles,
+    Contagious Diseases,
+    Dysentery, Diarrhea,
+    Eczema, Erysipelas,
+    Goiter, Gout,
+    La Grippe,
+    Neuralgia,
+    Scrofula,
+    Tumors, Ulcers,
+
+all diseases that begin with fever, inflammations, all catarrh, all
+contagious diseases, all the results of impure or poisoned blood. "In
+nervous diseases this remedy acts as a vitalizer, accomplishing what no
+drugs can do." These are the exact words of the advertisement. It ought
+to take a stronger vitalizer than water from the Great Lakes to induce
+anyone to believe such a story; and yet this company attained a
+remarkable success and had no difficulty in obtaining thousands of
+testimonials.
+
+We are certainly a nation of dupes, and Barnum's dictum, that "the
+public loves to be fooled," is literally true. In a number of instances
+the proprietor of a successful remedy has been asked under oath if his
+preparation had any curative value and he has refused to answer the
+question, while thousands of foolish people have sent him unsolicited
+testimonials asserting its remarkable merits as a cure in all kinds of
+conditions. Some of these ignorant people actually believe what they
+write, but most of them write "to see their name in the paper," while
+many of them are paid for it.
+
+It was stated in the literature sent all over the country by this
+company that their remedy was really liquid oxygen. It would be nearer
+the truth to state that the moon was made of green cheese. The one
+assertion can be disproved, the other cannot with scientific exactness.
+Liquid oxygen practically does not exist. Assuming that it could be
+obtained in teaspoonful doses, and assuming that some dauntless
+individual made the attempt to take a dose, he would never swallow it
+for the reason that it would freeze his teeth, tongue, mouth, and
+throat, so that they would be useless to him for the remainder of his
+life. If by any miracle it could be swallowed, the undertaker would have
+to thaw him out over a stove in order to assure him a respectable
+burial. We may safely feel certain that the nostrum was not liquid
+oxygen. It is, however, a very fair sample of the foolish kind of lies
+which all of these nostrum venders employ,--they are after, and appeal
+only to the ignorant. I am informed that the directors of this company
+decided to retire as ordinary millionaires rather than risk the chance
+of developing nervous prostration, in which event they might have felt
+it somewhat disloyal not to have taken their own medicine.
+
+HEADACHE REMEDIES.--Most headache remedies are dangerous. The following
+are in this class; orange powders, bromo powders, pain powders, headache
+powders, anti-headache, and practically all headache powders or remedies
+sold in drug stores.
+
+Many deaths are on record from the use of orange powders and from
+others. There are many examples of what an unthinking individual may do
+to helpless little children.
+
+Orange powders were recommended for the cure of asthma, biliousness,
+headache, colds, catarrh, grip, diarrhea, hay fever, insomnia,
+neuralgia, seasickness, and sciatica. There is no known cure for a
+number of these diseases, and apart from the malicious assumption of the
+claim, orange powders will not cure any of them.
+
+Another dangerous headache nostrum, widely advertised all over the
+country, is responsible for many deaths as a result of its use. It is
+absolutely unsafe, as previously stated, to use any of these remedies.
+Death by heart failure is on the increase in this country and it may
+safely be attributed to the indiscriminate use of these powerful and
+toxic nostrums.
+
+The "soothing syrups" depend upon opium to effect their result. The
+drugging of helpless infants has been a source of profit to the vender
+of patent medicines for many years. A certain Baby Friend,--a touching
+name, and in which one would not expect to find an enemy in the guise of
+a deadly poison,--is a combination of sweetened water and morphine. This
+disgraceful mixture, considering the use for which it was designed,
+would be bad enough if it was the evil concoction of a man rendered
+irresponsible by a strenuous craving for blood-money, but to know that
+its proprietor is a woman seems beyond belief. I wonder if she would
+feel sufficiently respectable and decently clean enough to stand on the
+platform and face an audience of American mothers? I think not.
+
+Catarrh powders contain, as a rule, cocaine, one of the most insidious
+and dangerous of drugs. None of them cure catarrh, they simply relieve
+for the time being at the expense of injuring more vital parts. Their
+use also very frequently disposes the victim to postpone treatment that
+would be beneficial until too late. M----'s Kidney Pills were said to
+cure Bright's disease, gravel, all urinary troubles and pain in the back
+or groins from kidney disease. Analysis showed them to consist of
+ordinary white sugar. They contained absolutely no medication, and yet
+they were freely sold to cure the above serious conditions. A famous
+expectorant and an equally famous cough syrup contain opium and when
+taken for the cure of cough are distinctly dangerous.
+
+It is foolish and unnecessary to name any other patent medicine in the
+list of those that are distinctly harmful and dangerous to use. There
+are hundreds of them. It would take a book of a thousand pages to give
+their names and write the data that have been obtained against them.
+Every advertised medicine should be absolutely avoided. I could fill
+this book with the death certificates of those who have died as a
+result of the indiscriminate use of advertised nostrums. It is an
+appalling record; the unfortunate part being that it is impossible to
+acquaint every citizen with the facts.
+
+Duplicity and misrepresentation are not confined to patent medicines.
+Even the mineral waters are misrepresented and lied about. A
+much-advertised lithia water, before the passage of the pure food and
+drugs act, was highly vaunted as a uric acid eliminant because of the
+lithia it was said to contain. Thousands, probably millions of gallons
+of it have been sold during the past twenty years, to people who could
+not very well afford to pay for it, because of this claim, despite the
+fact that it is well known that lithia is not a uric acid eliminant, and
+despite the additional important fact that the government analysis of
+this lithia water proved that it practically contained no lithia
+whatsoever. It is now being sold as an "alkaline diuretic." This claim
+is no better supported by facts than the former claim that it was a
+lithia water. Of course it is a diuretic, because water is the best
+diuretic we possess, but any ordinary pure water, which costs nothing,
+will just as effectually accomplish all that this lithia water could as
+a diuretic.
+
+It is a fact that the judgment of a sick person is not reliable. For
+this reason a physician never tries to treat himself when sick, nor will
+a physician treat any member of his family for much the same reason. His
+sentiment overrules his judgment and he cannot depend upon his
+decisions. An individual who is not well may be influenced by an
+irresponsible person, or by a clever, subtly worded advertisement, to
+use remedies that are not only dangerous in themselves, but which are
+wholly unsuited to the condition for which they are taken.
+
+Quite a common characteristic of sick people is unreasonableness. They
+become irritable and discouraged, and not being able to rely upon their
+own judgment they fail to render to themselves the degree of justice
+that is essential to peace of mind and a favorable convalescence. They
+may place themselves in the care of a reputable and thoroughly qualified
+physician, but if they do not observe distinct evidences of improvement
+within a very brief period they lose faith in him and change their
+doctor. They may do this a number of times, until finally they reach the
+conclusion that the entire medical profession is a fraud. They are then
+the legitimate victims of the patent medicine shark or the fake-curist.
+Probably ninety-nine per cent. of the victims of these parasites are
+obtained in this way. The statement often seen in testimonials to the
+effect, that "the best doctors failed to cure me," is not true in any
+instance. The truth is, that the individual failed to give the doctors
+the opportunity to cure him, and the reason he did not give them the
+chance was because they treated him as a man and as a human being, which
+he proved not to be. Had the first doctor he consulted adopted the
+tactics of the quack he would have cured him in a much shorter time.
+Instead of doing that, he told him the exact truth and charged him an
+ordinary office fee, while the quack told him lies and charged him a
+large sum of money to cure him. The latter gentleman, knowing the
+tendency to vacillate which these individuals have, ensured himself the
+time necessary to a cure by compelling him to pay the entire sum in
+advance, which is their universal custom. The patient, therefore, could
+not afford to change his doctor this time, and as time was all that was
+necessary to his cure, the wily and oily quack gets all the credit for
+effecting a cure, which "the best doctors could not accomplish." It is a
+simple game, and the explanation is just as simple, but there are those
+who will not see, and there are those who cannot be told.
+
+It is not simple justice, however, to blame these individuals
+altogether. We must keep in mind the irresolute judgment which is to a
+certain extent a product of the ill-health with which the patient
+suffers and the consequent easy tendency to be persuaded one way or
+another. The way in which these people are influenced is always the
+wrong way for the following reason. No person with any judgment or
+common sense or justice or sympathy would be fool enough or inhuman
+enough to give advice to a suffering sick man or woman as to what he or
+she should do or take. These individuals do not lack advice, however.
+There is always the pestering idiot around who knows exactly what
+should be done, and who does not hesitate to enter where an angel would
+fear to tread.
+
+In the columns of almost every newspaper one may find promises of
+health, wealth and happiness for a dollar a bottle. Even consumption has
+been vaunted as an easily curable disease by a hundred different
+nostrums, though the truth is that it is incurable by any known drug.
+Men who advertise these remedies are deliberately trafficking in human
+life, and they are thoroughly well aware of it. It is difficult to
+conceive of the type of manhood who would advertise a remedy as "The
+only sure cure for consumption in the world;" this was extensively done
+by the concern that put a certain "New Discovery for Consumption" on the
+market. Further announcement was made that "it strikes terror to the
+doctors," and that it was "the greatest discovery of the century." Every
+such assertion is a lie. It was found to be a mixture of morphine and
+chloroform. It is a wicked concoction to give to any human being in good
+health. To a consumptive it is admirably designed to shorten the life of
+anyone who will take it steadily in the hope of a cure. It certainly
+struck terror in the hearts of the doctors after its composition was
+known and when it was remembered to whom it was to be given.
+
+"Consumption Cure" was found to contain one of the most deadly of known
+poisons,--prussic acid. In a booklet which was sent out by the
+proprietors of a certain cough syrup the following contemptible
+assertion is made: "There is no case of hoarseness, cough, asthma,
+bronchitis, or consumption that cannot be cured speedily by the proper
+use of this cough syrup." Such a cruel and dangerously fraudulent
+statement is absolutely inexplicable to any honest mind. Dr. ----'s
+---- pills for pale people, were advertised to cure paralysis. They were
+found to be made of green vitriol, starch and sugar.
+
+Those who bought these nostrums not only wasted their money, but they
+threw away any chance of relief they have, by failing to adopt the
+proper treatment until it was too late.
+
+In directing the attention of mothers to the evil of the patent medicine
+business it is my earnest hope that they will give to the subject
+something more than a mere passing interest. To an intelligent
+individual no lengthy argument,--other than the recital of such facts as
+are given in this article,--is necessary to prove that it is an evil
+which is deserving of the most serious consideration.
+
+The business is one that appeals only to the ignorant. This is a plain
+and probably a harsh assertion, nevertheless it is absolutely the simple
+truth. The language and the reasoning of the nostrum vender are not
+designed to appeal to the trained, educated mind, or to an individual
+possessing innate common sense. Even though the average person is
+unacquainted with the constituents of a remedy that apparently enjoys a
+large success, the absurd claims made for it should safeguard them
+against its use. Few would have purchased ordinary water at $1.00 a
+bottle had they known what they were buying. But an individual with any
+reasoning ability or ordinary common sense, should have been sceptical
+regarding the merits of any remedy that was claimed to "cure," among
+other diseases, consumption, cancer, rheumatism, malaria, gallstones,
+asthma, blood poison, dandruff, and all contagious diseases. It would be
+impossible to conceive a more mendacious and absurd claim, and it would
+be impossible to concoct a more impertinently foolish assumption than to
+assume that such a claim would receive the consideration of a sane mind.
+
+Unfortunately, however, we are compelled to recognize that there are
+some curious people in the world, people whose reasoning methods are
+inexplicable, whose conclusions are not based upon any system of ethics
+or of logic. They believe what they choose to believe, irrespective of
+the quality of the testimony which may be advanced to refute their
+belief. The following incident illustrates this peculiar perversity: A
+woman patient of mine suffered from an obstinate and harassing cough.
+Though her general health was rather poor, her lungs were not affected.
+The cough persisted in spite of all efforts of specialists to alleviate
+it. The nervous condition of the patient, and an unusually long spell of
+inclement March weather, were directly responsible for the intractable
+character of the ailment. I advised her to visit Florida. This advice
+was given because her parents were then residing in that State. She did
+go to Florida and her husband informed me a few weeks later that she was
+entirely free from the cough and was enjoying good health. A number of
+months later, shortly after her return home, I was called to attend her
+husband. During the conversation incident to the call, she asked if I
+"knew what cured her awful cough." Somewhat amazed, I replied,
+"Certainly, Florida." She answered, with positive emphasis, "No, sir,
+Florida did not." I then asked her to please explain the mystery and was
+regaled with the following interesting information:
+
+A few days after she reached Florida she met a woman--one of those
+irresponsible individuals who meander through life giving free advice
+upon subjects which they know nothing about, who talk eruptively and
+voluminously because talking is an easily acquired habit. This
+particular missionary of evil immediately confided to her the secret of
+her life, how she was made a well woman and cured wholly of all physical
+ills. She told her there was a man in Kansas who had discovered a
+liquid, which, if dropped into the eye twice daily, would cure any
+disease afflicting any member of the human family. This exuberant spider
+induced her victim to enter her parlor where she convinced her at her
+leisure that she was preaching the gospel. The result was that our
+friend sent to Kansas for the "Elixir of Life." Meantime the climate of
+Florida was doing its work. But just at this psychological moment the
+"elixir" arrived. Two drops of the precious liquid were, with due
+solemnity and deliberation, instilled into her eye and in a few days her
+cough began to mend. It would have been waste of time to have asked if
+she really believed the drops to be responsible for her cure. She spoke
+with the enthusiastic conviction of a disciple of a worthier cause. I
+inquired if she possessed any literature explaining the method of cure,
+and she presented me with the printed matter which is sent with the
+bottle. I told her I would look it over and tell her what I thought of
+it later.
+
+The _Message of Facts_, which was the title of the newspaper, (it was
+printed like a newspaper and of the size of an ordinary paper),
+contained complete information regarding the "wonderful remedy" and its
+discoverer. He assumed the title of Professor and candidly admitted that
+he had been arrested a number of times for practicing medicine without a
+license. He asserted that the reason of his numerous arrests was because
+the medical profession in the State of Kansas, being jealous of his
+success instigated a course of insistent persecution against him. He
+further asserted that he offered to sell his discovery to the State, but
+the State refused to purchase it, consequently he had to go on
+practicing to earn a living. With reference to his method of treatment
+he stated:
+
+"Despite the fact that medical men are too unfair and too prejudiced to
+accord Professor ---- the credit he has justly earned, there is no
+getting away from the plain truth, that the great scientist has
+originated a method of conquering human ills that has completely
+revolutionized the long-cherished theories of the medical schools."
+
+And further, "... being the discoverer of my system and the only man in
+the world practicing it, and having all cures and no cases of injury as
+my record shows ..."
+
+Note that, in the first quotation, he asserts that his methods have
+revolutionized the old-time theories. This would surely imply that the
+medical schools, having been compelled to note his successful ways, were
+compelled likewise to change their theories and teach his way of curing
+disease. Despite this strong and robust assertion he states, in the
+second quotation, that he is the only man in the world practicing his
+methods. Evidently he did not revolutionize to any very great extent.
+
+He claimed to be able to cure any human ill, and particularly emphasized
+his ability to cure consumption, Bright's disease, diabetes, epilepsy,
+asthma, stomach troubles, nervous prostration, blindness, female
+diseases, paralysis, heart and kidney diseases.
+
+He, of course, does not state the nature of his remedy. It consists of a
+liquid which is dropped into the eye, and the procedure is the same, no
+matter what disease afflicts the patient. It is not essential to write
+at length his explanation of the way in which this "marvelous
+discovery" effects its cures. Suffice it to say, that it is a tissue of
+anatomical and physiological misrepresentation. He admittedly is
+uneducated and possesses absolutely no knowledge of even elementary
+medicine. His explanation is, therefore, to a medical mind, a ludicrous
+and an absurd attempt to tell what he does not understand. Of course,
+his explanation is not supposed to fall into the hands of a physician,
+and to a lay person, who understands as little as he does, it sounds all
+right. We must again fall back on the foolish claims he makes and on the
+basis of common sense we fail to understand how anyone can believe such
+stuff. Yet the woman who firmly believes that her cough was cured by
+this man has enthusiastically recommended the nostrum to a number of
+other women who have various ailments, all of whom are using it under
+her experienced instructions.
+
+This is a very good illustration of how these impostors and charlatans
+succeed. This woman was approached at the psychological moment and was
+influenced to buy. It did not necessarily have to be these drops. It
+might just as well have been any other patent medicine, or any fake
+cure. It would have worked just the same for the reason that it was the
+climate of Florida that did the work. It is absurd to devote time even
+to consider the probability of the drops having aided in the cure. This
+man's whole scheme is a fake, pure and simple. No part of it has any
+merit. In other words, his remedy is no remedy at all, it is simply the
+mildest, ordinary eye wash, which may be bought in any drug store for
+ten cents. He charges $5.00, but think of the story he writes, think of
+the promises he gives and the claims he makes, and the paper he
+prints,--these all cost money and time and labor, and you must pay for
+them. And I know a woman who is putting these drops in her eye twice
+daily in the hope of correcting a displaced womb. Could the brain of the
+most facile weaver of romance conceive a more utterly absurd and pitiful
+condition of affairs than that an adult human being should be guilty of
+doing what an intelligent ant would not do under any circumstances?
+
+When the "professor" claims that he refuses to "give up" his secret
+unless the State of Kansas adequately remunerates him for it, which, of
+course, it rightly refuses to do--he demonstrates how absolutely devoid
+of horse sense he is. No man with a "cure" for consumption--without
+mentioning the many other equally remunerative "cures" which this wizard
+owns, and which may be appended to the consumption "cure" just as the
+side-shows journey in the wake of the big circus--need waste his
+precious time dickering with the unappreciative State of Kansas. If his
+"cure" is anywhere near twenty-four carat gold he can own the State of
+Kansas and he may add another one to it for good measure. Any man
+capable of doing one-thousandth part of what this wily "professor"
+claims to be able to do, would make so much money that it would
+embarrass him all the rest of his life. One of his claims is that he can
+cure epilepsy. If he could cure epilepsy he wouldn't be allowed to stay
+twenty-four hours in the State of Kansas. Every civilized country on the
+face of the earth would bid for his services as an economic necessity
+because as an investment he would be cheap at any price.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXI
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL--Continued
+
+     The ---- Consumption Cure--Personals to Consumptives--Nature's
+     Creation--Female Weakness Cures--Various Compounds and Malt
+     Whiskies.
+
+
+FRAUDULENT TESTIMONIALS
+
+It would indeed seem to be an act of supererogation to compile further
+evidence of the infamy of this entire business: what additional proof is
+necessary?
+
+A certain Dr. H. of ----, Mich., published widely the following
+advertisement:
+
+"Gains 17 Pounds After Every One Gave Her Up.
+
+"Miss I---- S---- had a terrible case of consumption, together with
+catarrh and bronchitis. With this terrible complication, given up to
+die, she took the H---- treatment. She is now cured."
+
+     Dear Doctor: I have been gaining rapidly. Have gained 17
+     pounds; weigh 150 pounds now and am getting quite strong, too.
+     I wish you could see me. You would be surprised. I look just
+     fine. Everybody says they never thought I would get well. I
+     can't thank you enough for it. I am feeling just fine, so I
+     will close.
+
+     Yours truly,
+
+     Miss I---- S----.
+
+The above testimonial reads quite convincing and doubtless was the means
+of influencing many other unfortunate victims to put themselves under
+the "professional" care of Dr. H----. Investigation, however, revealed
+the fact that this optimistic young lady died shortly after giving the
+testimonial and that her death was, according to the transcript of her
+certificate of death issued by the State of Wisconsin, due to
+"consumption." The testimonial therefore cannot possibly have any value
+under the circumstances. Unfortunately, however, this doctor does not
+publish the death certificate with the testimonial, which latter he
+continued to use after her death.
+
+After an exhaustive inquiry into the personality and business of the
+above mentioned M. D., the _Journal of the American Medical Association_
+said:
+
+     First. The H---- consumption cure is chiefly owned and
+     controlled by men whose only qualification for treating disease
+     is that they are business men financially interested in other
+     medical fakes.
+
+     Second. The claims made in the advertisements, either directly
+     or by implication, that these "remedies" will "cure"
+     consumption are cruel and heartless falsehoods.
+
+     Third. The methods employed to capture victims, by means of
+     speciously worded circular letters disguised as personal
+     communications, are an imposition, if not an actual fraud, on
+     the ignorant and credulous.
+
+     Fourth. The drugs sent out by this concern as a "trial
+     treatment" are worthless as a cure for consumption.
+
+     Fifth. In printing endorsements of himself, which this M.D.
+     received from ministers of the gospel, he grossly abused the
+     confidence of men who did not know the use to which their
+     letters were to be put.
+
+     Sixth. The testimonials from physicians which he publishes have
+     been shown to emanate in some cases from men who themselves are
+     employed in exploiting medical fakes.
+
+     Seventh. The claim he makes of being a graduate of Edinburgh
+     University has been shown to be as false as the claims made for
+     the nostrum he exploits.
+
+     Can a much more disgraceful business than the various
+     "consumption cure" humbugs be imagined? Founded on fraud,
+     maintained by deceit, perpetuated by falsehood--the sick are
+     exploited to pay dividends on corporate quackery. How much
+     longer will this outrage on the unfortunate victims of the
+     White Plague be tolerated? If not for humanitarian reasons,
+     then for its own protection, at least, society should demand
+     that such cruel frauds be suppressed. Their existence is a
+     menace to public health and a disgrace to modern civilization.
+
+Many fraudulent nostrums are advertised as blind advertisements in the
+"Personal" columns of the daily press. The following recently appeared
+in the "Personal" columns of papers all over the country:
+
+     PERSONAL--TO CONSUMPTIVES: I possess information which cost me
+     a fortune, and feel that I should let every consumptive know
+     about my experience. Mrs. R., Ohio.
+
+To those who answered this advertisement was sent a letter written on
+pale blue stationery, such as is used for social correspondence, with
+the initials --. R. embossed, monogram style, in gilt on the paper and
+envelope, signed "Mrs. --. R." It is asserted in this letter that the
+writer has cured herself "in defiance of the world's scientists," by the
+discovery of "a combination of certain roots and herbs." As a
+consequence of having made this discovery, and after spending a fortune
+in the quest of a cure according to the advertisement, we are informed
+that "I am now devoting my life to saving others." According to further
+information, her effort is apparently successful, because she "finds it
+impossible to attend personally to the multitude of inquiries with which
+she is favored." She finds it necessary, therefore, "to refer your
+letter to my secretary, Mr. C----, from whom you will no doubt hear
+soon." The secretary is very evidently on the job, "for in the next mail
+there is delivered a letter from the ---- Company, signed H. W. C----,
+Sec'y."
+
+We can estimate the degree of Mrs. R.'s solicitude for the welfare of
+the race when we learn that the same concern was engaged in exploiting a
+syphilis "cure" in Chicago a few years ago. In all probability the cure
+is the same for both diseases. It is difficult to tell of which disease
+it was that Mrs. R. cured herself.
+
+Among the testimonials published by this concern in its booklet are
+quite a number in which the statement is made, frequently in glowing
+terms, that the writer has been "cured" of consumption by ----. A few of
+these were investigated and in every instance the writer died of
+consumption. This mixture is, in the strongest terms that can be used, a
+fake, a fraud, and is not a "cure" for consumption, as, of course, every
+intelligent person knows.
+
+     TO CONSUMPTIVES.
+
+     The undersigned having been restored to health by simple means,
+     after suffering for several years with a severe lung affection,
+     and that dread disease Consumption, is anxious to make known to
+     his fellow sufferers the means of cure. To those who desire it,
+     he will cheerfully send (free of charge), a copy of the
+     prescription used, which they will find a sure cure for
+     Consumption, Asthma, Catarrh, Bronchitis, and all throat and
+     lung maladies. He hopes all sufferers will try his remedy, as
+     it is invaluable. Those desiring the prescription which will
+     cost them nothing, and may prove a blessing, will please
+     address Rev. ---- W., ----, N. Y.
+
+A reply to this advertisement brought the information that the Rev.
+W---- contracted tuberculosis while in charge of a church in Maine, and
+after trying various treatments was finally cured by "a famous Dr.
+C----, of Paris, France." It was now his intention to "devote his life"
+to aid suffering humanity, in a spirit of thankfulness, by giving away,
+free of all charge, a copy of the famous prescription.
+
+Investigation proved that the Rev. E. A. W---- did not exist,
+consequently he never had a church in Maine, nor did he contract
+tuberculosis, or consult Dr. C----, of Paris. The individual who
+conducted the business was really one C. A. A----, who, it is to be
+inferred, conceived the whole fake. The scheme was a simple one. When
+the prescription was received it was discovered that the ingredients
+were not known to the drug trade and it was necessary to send to Mr.
+A---- for a supply before it could be tested. The literature sent with
+the prescription was of such a character that the average ignorant
+sufferer from consumption, hoping against hope for a "cure," fell into
+the trap and sent the money for a trial shipment.
+
+
+"FEMALE WEAKNESS" CURES
+
+Dr. D----'s "---- Compound": This nostrum is sold to relieve the pain of
+child-birth. It is surely not necessary to state that it will not
+relieve the pains of child-birth, nor will any drug or drugs ever do so.
+The irresponsible group of quacks who claim to have solved the problem
+of "painless child-birth" through the use of various "compound's" hardly
+merit the consideration of ordinary individuals. It is almost impossible
+to believe that a man would print over his name such a puerile or
+fantastic story as the following. Dr. D---- asserts that the value of
+his compound is proved because a certain woman patient tells how, after
+losing her first child, she had a vision. A "white-robed angel"
+appeared, who, after speaking to her in beautiful language, said, "Go,
+sister, and seek freedom and peace in the use of ---- Compound and in
+following the teachings of that book."
+
+The book is entitled "Painless Child-Birth," it sells for $2.00 and it
+simply extols, in unnecessary flowery language, the merits of the
+compound.
+
+If we heard such stories in every-day life we would smile credulously at
+our informant and doubt his sanity, but in a patent medicine
+advertisement we expect to read of miracles and we almost hope to be
+told of impossible happenings. The more glaringly false and silly they
+seem to be, the more they seem to exert their subtle hypnotic influence
+on anyone whose physical or mental temperament lends itself to the
+appeal.
+
+This compound "speedily cures all derangements and irregularities of the
+menstrual function, congestion, inflammation, ulceration and
+displacement of the womb, and other things too numerous to mention." It
+is claimed that it is made of the purest and most carefully selected
+herbs which can be obtained. If, however, one picked up two handfuls of
+dried leaves in the woods and put them in a package, the average man
+could not distinguish between such rakings and "Dr. D----'s
+---- Compound" at $1.00 a package.
+
+The _Journal of the American Medical Association_ in commenting on this
+fake, states:
+
+     ---- Compound is, in short, but one more of the innumerable
+     cure-alls on the market in which discarded, unrecognized or
+     useless drugs are pressed into service and invested with
+     miraculous virtues. What shall be said of men who prey on
+     pregnant women? Who create in the mind of the expectant mother
+     the fear of untold agonies and then offer immunity to these
+     supposititious tortures at the price of their worthless
+     nostrums? Who, with the help of such publications as will
+     accept their lying advertisements, do more to encourage
+     abortion than even the professional abortionists themselves?
+     There seems to be but one remedy: Speed the time when in their
+     acceptance of advertising those publishers who fail to
+     recognize decency as a moral obligation may be forced by public
+     opinion to recognize its value as a business proposition.
+
+The C. B. M. Remedy Company: In a small town in Indiana there is a
+"lady" who has been spending a fortune in giving medical treatment
+absolutely free to suffering women. The letters, literature, and
+advertisements by implication lead one to suppose that a woman is in
+charge of the business of this concern. The advertisements have a
+picture of a lady giving away packages of medicine. The business was
+conducted by one F. D. M. The name of his wife was simply used as an
+advertising asset; the idea, of course, being that a woman would be more
+willing to write to a business concern telling of her private illnesses
+if she understood that she was confiding in a woman than she would if
+under the impression that her letter would be read by a man. This is an
+old scheme which was employed by others for many years with great
+success.
+
+M. himself is not a physician and is in no way qualified to give advice
+to these women who write in response to the advertisements detailing
+their symptoms and telling of their troubles. Investigation showed that
+the medicine was compounded by the clerks and stenographers in the
+employ of the company, and that all communications were answered by form
+letters. It did not matter what ailed the patient, the treatment was the
+same.
+
+The claims made by this concern for their remedy, and they had only one,
+were along the usual line--everything they could think about which has a
+remote connection with the specialty in which they were
+interested--leucorrhea, ulceration, displacement or falling of the womb,
+profuse, scanty or painful periods, uterine or ovarian tumors or
+growths, and piles from any cause, no matter of how long standing; also
+pains in the back head and bowels, bearing down feelings, nervousness,
+creeping feeling up the spine, melancholy, desire to cry, hot flushes,
+weariness, uterine cancers in their earlier stages.
+
+Analysis of the remedy showed it to be a combination of two weak,
+commonly used drugs, one a very mild antiseptic and the other a mild
+astringent. These were held together with cocoa butter into which a drop
+of carbolic acid may have been put. There is nothing unusual in the
+combination, nor has it any wonderful qualities which would justify the
+claims made in behalf of it. The remedy contains nothing which could
+under any circumstances effect the removal of cancers, fibroid growths,
+or polypi, or which is capable of radically relieving laceration of the
+womb due to child-birth.
+
+The following is one of the specious appeals which this meretricious
+concern sent to the ailing women of America:
+
+     Mrs. M. receives more mail than any other woman in the state.
+
+     How would you like to receive so much mail that it would be
+     necessary to use a grindstone in order to open the letters as
+     fast as they come in. This is the way Mrs. C. B. M. opens her
+     mail. She gets tons of mail, and to save time has the letters
+     opened by a large grindstone, which occupies a conspicuous
+     place in her office. No other person in Indiana receives so
+     much mail as she.
+
+     Mrs. M.'s aid and advice is as free to you as God's sunshine or
+     the air you breathe. She is always glad to lend her assistance
+     to every suffering woman, and she is a generous, good woman,
+     who has suffered herself as you suffer, and she wants to prove
+     to you that her common sense home treatment will cure you just
+     as surely as it cured her years ago in her humble cottage
+     before riches and fame came to her.
+
+     If you are a sufferer from any female trouble, no matter what
+     it is, send the coupon below to Mrs. C. B. M. at once.
+
+     I am a woman with all a woman's hopes and fears. I have known
+     what it is to be sick in body and mind. Sick in a way that I
+     couldn't bring myself to explain to a man, even though he were
+     my physician, and I am thankful beyond the power of words to
+     express that I have been given the power to extend to you, my
+     sisters, the priceless boon of relief from the burden of pain
+     and suffering.
+
+     I only pray that this little book may be the means of saving
+     some woman from years of such agony as only a woman can know.
+
+     I dedicate this book to you.
+
+
+     WOMEN'S DISEASES
+
+     I doubt if you can realize the full meaning of these two little
+     words. I, who come in contact with the pitiful wrecks of
+     womanhood wrought by female complaints, know, as I hope you
+     will never know, what shattered lives and broken hearts they
+     cause.
+
+     Only a sensitive woman can realize how hard it is to bring
+     one's self to undergo the ordeal of examination and treatment
+     by a physician.
+
+Every letter sent out by this concern was signed, "Mrs. C. B. M." All
+literature, every booklet, and every advertisement was ingeniously and
+seductively "built up" to convey by implication the impression that the
+business was conducted by a woman, and hence the inference followed in
+the minds of the simple, trusting victims, that they were writing their
+secrets, to be read by one of their own sex, and that this woman was
+professionally qualified and temperamentally capable of giving competent
+advice and adequate treatment.
+
+Nothing was further from the truth. It was simply a trick, a fraudulent,
+venal imposition. Mrs. C. B. M. herself admitted that she had absolutely
+nothing to do with the conduct of the business, nor did her previous
+experience in any way fit her to give advice in such matters. Her
+husband established the business under the name of the ---- Medicine
+Company, and continued under this name until after his marriage, when it
+was reorganized and incorporated in his wife's name. Benefiting by the
+experience of similar concerns, he then used his wife's name simply as a
+business asset. How capably and efficiently he utilized this opportunity
+is shown in the beguiling literature he sent out as the above quotation
+amply demonstrates.
+
+Think of a man writing, "I am a woman with all a woman's hopes and
+fears,"--and then proceeding to play, with consummate skill, upon the
+sensibility and credulity of a sick and neurasthenic woman. It is a
+round-about way to reach the public pocketbook, but experience has
+taught these harpies that it is an eminently successful method. Mr. M.
+himself admitted that the gross receipts from the business were in
+excess of $100,000 a year, and that 200,000 people were taking treatment
+from this concern at one time.
+
+Mention has been made of a certain famous compound--which has been
+characterized by a well-known authority on drug addictions as "a
+dangerous drug used largely by drinkers." For 23 years after the death
+of the woman founder, ---- and ----, the owners of the concern,
+advertised, inviting women to "write to L. P. for advice in regard to
+their complaints, and being a woman"--though a dead one--"it was easy,
+for her ailing sisters to pour into her ears every detail of their
+suffering."
+
+The advertisement as generally printed runs:
+
+     No physician in the world has had such a training, or has such
+     an amount of information at hand to assist in the treatment of
+     all kinds of female ills.
+
+     This, therefore, is the reason why Mrs. L---- P----, in her
+     laboratory at ----, Mass., is able to do more for the ailing
+     women of America than the family physician. Any woman,
+     therefore, is responsible for her own suffering who will not
+     take the trouble to write to Mrs. P---- for advice.
+
+Does any woman need any further evidence of the fraudulent intent of
+such concerns? Keep in mind also that this particular remedy is
+exclusively recommended for "the diseases of women," and contains enough
+alcohol to render its users victims of the alcoholic habit.
+
+
+MEDICINE CONCERN RUN BY WOMEN
+
+Dr. D---- runs a mail order business in another town in Indiana. Her
+specialty is "diseases of women." The business is really owned by W. M.
+G----, a dealer in teas, coffees, etc. In the advertisements of the
+concern Dr. D---- emphasizes the fact that she is "a woman--a wife--a
+mother--a successful physician--a specialist on diseases of women." In
+many places in the literature of the company the "vast experience" of
+Dr. D---- is intentionally elaborated.
+
+"Her vast experience as a physician is only one of the qualifications
+she possesses...."
+
+"Her training and vast experience as a physician enables her to do more
+for suffering women than any woman can who is not a physician...."
+
+"During several years of active life as a general practitioner she
+acquired a vast amount of valuable experience that very few ever
+possess...."
+
+These three quotations emphatically assert that Dr. D. has had "vast"
+experience "as a general practitioner." Where did she get this
+experience as a general practitioner? Inasmuch as she graduated as a
+physician in 1907 and was licensed to practice in 1908, and as the
+"---- D---- Company" was chartered in 1908 and began active business
+then, we ask again, where did she get her "vast experience?"
+
+The following letter, sent by Dr. D---- to one of her prospective
+patients, gives a general idea of how the "game" is worked. These
+letters are "form" letters, printed by the thousand, though they are
+intended to convey the impression that they are personal--the patient's
+name being inserted. It will be observed that Dr. D---- has acquired the
+specious and oily art of the quack, and the seductive diction of those
+who live by their wits:
+
+     Dear Friend: Since it is your misfortune to be afflicted, I am
+     glad you wrote to me, because I sincerely believe that I can
+     completely cure you if you take my treatment now. Realizing the
+     serious nature of your condition, I at once arranged to give
+     your case my prompt personal attention.
+
+     After years of success in curing practically every form of
+     woman's ills, I am devoting my life to my sister women. Being a
+     woman and a mother, I know your every ache and pain and
+     sympathize with you as only a woman can. As a physician, as a
+     specialist in diseases of women I know the causes of your
+     trouble and the most scientific method of curing you quickly.
+     Since you have in me a sympathetic friend as well as a
+     physician I trust you will read carefully my plan for your
+     complete recovery.
+
+     A careful diagnosis of your case shows you have Female
+     Weakness.
+
+     I have mailed a copy of my book, "Diseases of Women and Home
+     Medical Guide." Be sure to read a description of your condition
+     on pages 25-47.
+
+     As requested I have mailed you a free trial of my successful
+     treatment. It is bound to help you and you should take it at
+     once according to my directions enclosed herewith. The free
+     medicines will last you for three days and are suited to your
+     condition, but you should not expect them to cure you. Some of
+     the ingredients contained in the remedies you need are very
+     costly and I cannot afford to give you enough of these
+     medicines to completely cure you.
+
+     Your case seems to be of long standing and you really should
+     have a Complete Course of Treatment at once if you are to be
+     completely cured. As I want to do everything possible for you I
+     have prepared a Special Course of Treatment for you and am
+     sending it, postage paid, in the same package with the free
+     remedies.
+
+     Please remember that the free remedies are yours to take at
+     once without charge or obligation, but if you use the Special
+     Treatment I shall expect you to send me $3 for it. You need not
+     feel under obligation to me to accept the Special Course, but I
+     know it is just what you need and need NOW, so I feel sure your
+     good judgment will cause you to accept it at your earliest
+     convenience. By sending now I save you some time and ...
+
+Dr. G. M. B., of ----, Mo., advertises to cure deafness, catarrh, asthma
+and head noises. He offers to send two months' medicine free to prove
+his ability to cure. In reply to inquiry he practically informs every
+applicant that his case is so bad that there is no use of sending the
+two months' treatment. In order to effect a cure in "your case" it is
+necessary for you to take the regular treatment. He accepts the chance
+that the literature and the testimonials accompanying his letter will
+influence the victim to bite. Inasmuch as he admits that his income is
+about $5,000 per month and that he gets three hundred letters every day,
+it may be assumed that he knows his business.
+
+It is not necessary to go into details regarding his methods. The
+following summary of his business was made by the district attorney who
+investigated it:
+
+     I find that the business is being conducted through the post
+     office at ----, Mo., under the names of Dr. ---- Remedy Company
+     and Dr. J. M. B----, and is a scheme and device for obtaining
+     money through the mails by means of false and fraudulent
+     pretenses, representations and promises, and I therefore
+     recommend that a fraud order be issued prohibiting the delivery
+     of mail and the payment of money orders to such addresses.
+
+A certain "pure" malt whiskey is advertised as:
+
+"A reliable all-round household remedy."
+
+"It should be in every family medicine chest."
+
+"It is manufactured for the purpose of supplying the profession and
+public in general with a reliable tonic and stimulant."
+
+"It is a recognized specific to enrich the blood and build body and
+muscle, and in the prevention and relief of coughs, colds and stomach
+troubles it has no equal."
+
+Previous to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act it was advertised
+in the following terms:
+
+     BEST SPRING TONIC.
+
+     DOCTORS OF ALL SCHOOLS AGREE THAT THE BEST TONIC-STIMULANT TO
+     BUILD UP THE SYSTEM, RUN DOWN AND WEAKENED BY THE LONG STRAIN
+     OF WINTER, AND TO DRIVE OUT SPRING FEVER AND MALARIA IS ----'S
+     MALT WHISKEY.
+
+     As a tonic and stimulant it is the greatest strength-giver
+     known to science. It destroys disease germs and by its building
+     and healing properties restores tissues in a gradual, healthy,
+     natural manner. It is a wonderful specific in the treatment and
+     cure of consumption, pneumonia, grippe, bronchitis, coughs,
+     colds, malaria, low fevers, stomach troubles, and all wasting,
+     weakened, diseased conditions, if taken in time.
+
+     It is recognized as the world's leading medicine everywhere.
+
+By a decision of the Supreme Court of the State of New York this "pure"
+malt whiskey has been declared a liquor. It is simply a sweetened
+whisky. To advertise it as a CURE for consumption or as a cure for any
+disease was malicious, and should be punishable by a long term in
+prison. It would be possible to take every statement of the above
+advertisement and prove each one to be false.
+
+This "pure" malt whiskey is a favorite "booze" of so-called temperance
+people. Since it is advertised as a medicine, they can get drunk from
+its use and still be "temperance" advocates. One of the favorite methods
+of advertising the product was to draw the public's attention to the
+fact that
+
+     CLERGYMEN ENDORSE MALT WHISKY
+
+     DISTINGUISHED DIVINES AND TEMPERANCE WORKERS WHO HAVE spent
+     their lives in uplifting their fallen brethren and placing
+     their feet upon the solid rock use and recommend ----'s pure
+     malt whisky. Honored and respected preachers of the gospel and
+     advocates of temperance, without regard to creed or prejudice,
+     make frank and outspoken statements of what ----'s pure malt
+     whisky has done for them.
+
+Then follow the testimonials and the photographs of three aged and
+inert-looking preachers.
+
+It made an impressive advertisement, as most nostrum "ads" are, because,
+unfortunately, the art of the liar is best expressed in the superlative
+degree. His word-pictures are therefore more lurid, more diversified,
+more romantic. But when they are investigated and the facts brought to
+light the advertisement falls to pieces. For example, compare the actual
+facts relative to the three "distinguished divines" with the fiction in
+the following advertisement:
+
+     The Rev.---- D----, over 82 years of age, practised medicine
+     for many years, when he moved west. He became a minister and
+     did preach for ten years in the State of Wyoming. He then
+     retired from the pulpit and opened a marriage bureau. He
+     received $10.00 when he gave his testimonial "to get his
+     picture taken."
+
+     The Rev. ---- H---- occupied the pulpit of the Church of
+     Eternal Hope of B----, Pa. He retired to enter politics a
+     number of years ago, and is now a deputy Internal Revenue
+     collector. He is a spiritualist. He owned race horses and was a
+     patron of the turf.
+
+     The Rev. McL---- lived in G----, Mich. There are 893 people in
+     the township and it is not even on the railroad line. Mr.
+     McL---- was allowed to resign from the fellowship after being
+     called to trial for endorsing ----'s pure malt whisky.
+
+If these three gentlemen were brought on the stage of any city
+vaudeville theater and introduced as distinguished divines it would be
+regarded as a joke--which it really is. If we relegate our
+"distinguished divines" to marriage bureaus, or the race track, or to
+the Internal Revenue service, or to preach to flocks in townships of
+less than one thousand and not on the railroad, the outlook for the
+ministerial profession is far from encouraging. To tell us that these
+men spent their lives "in uplifting their fallen brethren" is imposing
+upon the good nature of one's audience. It is simply one more evidence
+added to the long list already noted that one does not readily acquire
+the habit of expecting to read the truth in a patent medicine
+advertisement. Rather the reverse. We examine them in expectant
+curiosity to note their unique and devilish ability to tell picturesque
+falsehoods.
+
+Certain famous pills are advertised extensively in Great Britain and in
+the United States. It is claimed by the manufacturers that they are
+"composed entirely of medicinal herbs" and that they will "cure"
+constipation, pains in the back, cold chills, bad legs, maladies of
+indiscretion, kidney and urinary disorders--and several other things.
+
+These pills were analyzed by the British Medical Association's chemists,
+who reported that they consisted of ginger, soap, and aloes. Where the
+"medicinal herbs" were it was hard to say.
+
+In large and lurid letters we are informed in the advertisements that
+these pills are "worth a guinea ($5.00) a box." The retail price is 27
+cents a box. The British Medical Association's chemist states that the
+cost of these pills is one-quarter of a cent per box. Quite a fair
+margin of profit considering the high cost of living these days!
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXII
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL--Continued
+
+     Patent Medicine Firms and Quacks Dispose of the Confidential
+     Letters Sent to Them--Patent Medicine Concerns and Letter
+     Brokers--The Patent Medicine Conspiracy Against the Freedom of
+     the Press--How The Patent Medicine Trust Crushes Honest Effort.
+
+
+HOW QUACKS DISPOSE OF THE CONFIDENTIAL LETTERS SENT TO THEM
+
+When you write for information--which is usually the first step--in
+reply to an advertisement of this character, you receive in reply a
+letter, which addresses you in an intimate way, as, "Dear or Esteemed
+Friend." It informs you that "we are devoting our lives in the interest
+of suffering humanity," and requests you to waste no time in writing a
+full account of your symptoms and sickness; that such information will
+be sacredly regarded as confidential and filed away from the prying eyes
+of everyone except the "doctor" who reads it.
+
+Every art is used to give the writer the impression that she is doing
+business with responsible and reputable people; that what she writes
+about her health, her affairs, and her person, are to be read by an
+experienced medical adviser and by no other. The truth, as we have
+shown, is that she writes her secrets to a man, who is not even a
+physician, who in turn passes the letter over to be answered by an
+office clerk.
+
+When the fake doctor, or the patent medicine man, has exhausted his
+"jollying" tactics, his lies, and his promises, and he can no longer
+induce the victim to send more money, he sells the victim's letters to
+another quack in the same business. These harpies, knowing what ails the
+individual, begin sending her their specious and insinuating literature.
+The woman reads, becomes interested, and, having bitten before,
+concludes to try once again, and so the story goes--one after another
+trying to drain the life-blood of an ailing, irresponsible foolish
+woman.
+
+The selling of letters has become a business, so much so that there are
+regularly established medical letter brokers from whom you can buy these
+letters by the thousands. In a single medical letter broker's office in
+New York City there are upwards of seven million of these confidential
+letters for sale to the highest bidders. This incidentally gives one a
+slight idea of the tremendous business this is, and of the hundreds of
+thousands of dupes and victims there have been.
+
+The following extracts are taken from a well-known woman's journal,
+which at various times has been interested in this subject, and are of
+special interest in this connection:
+
+     One of the most disgusting and disgraceful features of the
+     patent medicine business is the marketing of letters sent by
+     patients to patent medicine firms. Correspondence is solicited
+     by these firms under the seal of sacred confidence. When the
+     concern is unable to do further business with a patient it
+     disposes of the patient's correspondence to a letter broker,
+     who, in turn, disposes of it to other patent medicine concerns
+     at the rate of half a cent for each letter.
+
+     One of these brokers assured the writer that he could give me
+     "choice lots" of "medical female letters." ... Let me now give
+     you, from the printed lists of these letter brokers, some idea
+     of the way in which these "sacred confidential" letters are
+     hawked about the country. Here are a few samples, all that are
+     really printable:
+
+     55,000 "Female Complaint Letters" is the sum total of one item,
+     and the list gives the names of the "medicine company" or the
+     "medical institute" to whom they were addressed. Here is a
+     barter then, in 55,000 letters of a private nature, each one of
+     which, the writer was told, and had a right to expect, would be
+     regarded as "sacredly confidential" by the doctor or concern to
+     whom she had been deluded into telling her private ailments.
+     Yet here they are for half a cent each!
+
+     Another batch of some 47,000 letters addressed to five
+     "doctors" and "institutes" is emphasized because they were
+     written by women! A third batch is:
+
+     44,000 "Bust Developer Letters,"--letters which one man in a
+     patent medicine concern told me were "the richest sort of
+     reading you could get hold of."
+
+     A still further lot offers: 40,000 "Women's Regulator
+     Letters,"--letters which in their context any woman can
+     naturally imagine would be of the most delicate nature. Still,
+     the fact remains, here they are for sale.
+
+     Is not this contemptible?
+
+     In the same article is exposed the inhuman greed of patent
+     medicine concerns that turn into cold cash the letters of
+     patients afflicted with the most vital diseases.
+
+     To quote again: "All these are made the subject of public
+     barter. Here are offered for sale, for example: 7,000 Paralysis
+     Letters; 9,000 Narcotic Letters; 52,000 Consumption Letters;
+     3,000 Cancer Letters, and even 65,000 Deaf Letters. Of diseases
+     of the most private nature one is offered here nearly 100,000
+     letters,--letters the very classification of which makes a
+     sensitive person shudder."
+
+The deeper one delves below the surface of this business the nastier it
+gets. It is impossible to conceive of vipers and sharks being endowed
+with more contemptible and brutish qualities than those which
+characterize the vultures of the patent medicine and quack medical
+concerns.
+
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE CONSPIRACY AGAINST THE FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
+
+It is estimated that the newspapers of the United States get about
+$100,000,000 per year from the advertisements of patent medicines and
+fake medical concerns.
+
+There is an association composed of the manufacturers of patent
+medicines and the owners of advertising medical concerns. It was
+primarily formed for the single purpose of strictly looking after the
+"interests" of those concerned.
+
+If we concede, as we must concede if we study the facts, the whole
+medical advertising business to be disreputable, dishonorable and
+unjust, in that it is detrimental to the health and welfare of the race,
+the only protection it could possibly need would be protection against
+any movement which had for its object the interest of the people who are
+its victims. This is exactly the key to the workings of the P. A. of
+America. When one begins to know something about the patent medicine
+evil, his sense of justice immediately asks why "something" has not
+been done to crush it. When the reader understands more about this
+octopus, he will learn that its tentacles are far-reaching and that it
+has a mysterious and efficient way of crushing in its incipiency any
+embryo movement directed against it. It would be a long story to give
+the facts in detail--they are all a matter of record--the easiest way to
+explain the procedure is to give an illustration of how the machinery is
+worked.
+
+Let us suppose a Congressman conceives the idea of introducing a bill in
+Congress to compel newspapers to refuse advertising matter that is
+obviously false and that misrepresents facts, and cites, as an example,
+a patent medicine advertisement. The agent or lobbyist of the
+association in Washington immediately telegraphs the intent of the bill
+with the name of its author to the home office of the association. The
+gentleman in charge of the executive department of the home office looks
+up the facts regarding the political connections of the Congressman,
+wires to the papers published in his district suggesting to them the
+advisability of using their influence to change the Congressman's
+opinion. The newspapers do as they are bid (though there are a few who
+have refused to do this kind of work, but only a few); they may intimate
+to him that he is committing political suicide, or they may adopt other
+tactics. The result, however, is that the representative usually sees
+the point and permits his bill to die in committee. The quacks are not
+satisfied with this single effort to ensure the death of the bill. The
+matter is taken up with other Congressmen through their home papers; the
+whole machinery of the system is set in motion. Their attention is
+called to the bill. They are told that the public does not demand such
+legislation, and that, if this bill passes, it will deprive of many
+thousands of dollars for advertising the papers which are friendly
+toward the political future of the particular Congressman in question.
+The facts are thus brought to the attention of many Congressmen. They
+see the point also. It suggests to them that they will do well not to
+trample on this monster or they may suffer themselves. Thus are the
+people deprived of what might have been a great step forward in the
+fight for pure food and drugs and, incidentally, in the preservation of
+the public health.
+
+One may pertinently ask why the newspapers lend themselves to such
+infamous and dishonorable dealings. The answer is that, inasmuch as they
+derive a very large part of their total income from patent medicine
+advertisements and as these advertisements are contracted for under
+certain conditions, it can readily be seen that they are made a party to
+crushing legislation which would interfere with the patent medicine
+business.
+
+     It is agreed in case any law or laws are enacted, either State
+     or national, harmful to the interest of the ---- Company, that
+     this contract may be cancelled by them from date of such
+     enactment, and the insertions made paid for pro rata with the
+     contract price.
+
+There is another feature of the contract that is of the utmost
+significance and importance to the mothers of the race. It is the only
+instance we know of which effectually muzzles the public press. This
+part of the contract reads as follows:
+
+     It is agreed that the ---- Company may cancel this contract,...
+     in case any matter otherwise detrimental to the ---- Company's
+     interest is permitted to appear in the reading columns or
+     elsewhere in the paper.
+
+This means that the newspapers bind themselves, under contract, not to
+print any matter in their reading columns which would be detrimental to
+the interests of the patent medicine manufacturers. Under the same
+stipulation they cannot even accept matter to be paid for, if it in any
+way reflects upon the patent medicine business. In other words, the
+sovereign people, whose servant the public press should be, is, under
+this contract, deprived of its rights of representation in the columns
+of the daily newspapers.
+
+The grave significance of this condition of affairs will be adequately
+appreciated when it is remembered that every popular movement to right
+public wrongs must have the fullest publicity or the effort is doomed to
+failure. The patent medicine business has been shown to be a
+monstrously evil institution, yet every effort to enlist the public
+press in an effort to arouse the necessary degree of indignation which
+precedes every public demand for the righting of a wrong has failed,
+because, "it is agreed that the ---- Company may cancel this contract in
+case any matter otherwise detrimental to the ---- Company's interest is
+permitted to appear in the reading columns or elsewhere in the paper."
+
+There is another feature of this ugly business which is of the deepest
+interest to women. The patent medicine territory is the whole country.
+It is a large, profitable field. A movement was once started by certain
+reputable New York physicians, who were deeply interested in this
+question, to discover a means to aid the class who buy patent medicines
+and support the fake medical concerns. It was thought that if an
+advertising propaganda was instituted, offering to give legitimate and
+adequate medical advice, at the lowest possible cost, there would be
+many who would avail themselves of the opportunity. The following
+advertisement was prepared and given out for publication, with the
+result that it could not be advantageously placed:
+
+     RELIABLE MEDICAL ADVICE.
+
+     Government investigation of the PATENT MEDICINE BUSINESS and of
+     the advertised MEDICAL CURE CONCERNS, has demonstrated that
+     they are worthless and dangerous; that they are money making
+     schemes only, and that they acquire business by
+     misrepresentation, by falsehood, and by fraudulent
+     testimonials. Most of these concerns are owned by men with no
+     medical education or experience.
+
+     These are facts attested to by the highest authorities in the
+     United States, and apply to every advertised remedy and to
+     every system of advertised treatment in the newspapers to-day
+     with no exception that has come to our knowledge.
+
+     A BUREAU OF PHYSICIANS, each in good standing and in active
+     private practice, has been established in NEW YORK CITY, to
+     extend advice to those requiring medical assistance.
+
+     The object of the bureau is to prevent patients from placing
+     themselves in the hands of incompetent, expensive and
+     fraudulent schemers. The character of the advice furnished
+     will be exactly the same as if you visited the office of any
+     up-to-date reputable city consultant. We will simply direct
+     what should be done in each instance to effect relief of the
+     diseased conditions.
+
+     The charges will be the ordinary fees charged by reputable
+     physicians anywhere for similar services, and will in no
+     instance be unreasonable or excessive.
+
+     We invite the correspondence of those in need of honest advice.
+     Ask for information which will be sent free of charge.
+
+Here was a tremendously lucrative field in which there was every
+possibility of doing a large amount of genuine good, which, however,
+could not be reached by men whose only object was to benefit the people,
+because the public press did not dare publish anything detrimental to
+"the combine." If this isn't monopoly, what is it?
+
+This is not the only instance of this kind that has taken place. One
+independently wealthy gentleman, for certain business reasons of his
+own, conceived the idea of inserting a trustworthy article exposing the
+patent medicine combine in the newspapers of the country, for which he
+was, of course, willing to pay the usual advertising rates. He gave the
+contract to a large advertising concern which began the crusade in
+Texas, the _intention_ being to cover the country working the States one
+after the other. What was the result? As soon as the system's attention
+was directed to the plan the mandate of "silence" was flashed to the
+newspapers and the propaganda died an unnatural death in Texas, whose
+borders it never crossed. The columns of the public press were tightly
+closed to it.
+
+Is it any wonder that it has been so difficult to pass a Public Health
+bill? I am hopeful, however, that the women will solve this problem. It
+would seem to be a subject in which they could become strenuously and
+eagerly interested. Women as voting factors, or as legislators, will
+never succeed in the subtle fights of ward politics, or in the coarser
+slugging battles of graft and patronage, but in the moral finesse,
+necessary to achieve success in public health and purity legislation
+they should prove to be enthusiasts. If the regeneration of the race is
+entangled in legislative procedure or political subtilties, its only
+salvation is to find emancipators whose heart strings are of finer and
+truer fiber than those in the breasts of men. We hope to find them in
+the mothers of the race.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER XXXIII
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL--Continued
+
+     The Patent Medicine Evil and the Duty of the Mothers of the
+     Race--"Blood-Money"--The People Must be the Reformers--Mothers'
+     Resolutions.
+
+
+THE PATENT MEDICINE EVIL AND THE DUTY OF THE MOTHERS OF THE RACE
+
+It may be emphatically asserted that the patent medicine evil and the
+fraudulent medical cure more directly concern the mothers of the race
+than any others. No matter who the ailing victim may be, some woman is
+deeply and sincerely interested in his, or her, recovery and welfare. If
+the proper influence is exerted at the right time, and if it is based
+upon adequate knowledge of the danger involved, it is certain that the
+sufferer will not become a victim of the fraudulent and dangerous
+advertised nostrum, or a fake medical course of treatment. If each
+mother, therefore, possessed an adequate knowledge of the patent
+medicine evil, and exerted the influence which would naturally result
+from the possession of such knowledge, we should soon see the end of the
+whole business.
+
+Most people are honest and sincere. It is difficult, however, to arouse
+the majority to concerted and sustained action. If the honest and
+well-intentioned element in society could be influenced to a sustained
+effort to correct existing evils, in any department of human effort, the
+fraudulent and dishonest members of society could be effectually
+rendered harmless. If the suggestion which I have advanced in the
+article on Eugenics, to form Eugenic Clubs in every community, should be
+adopted, the members could, in a definite way, contribute to the
+propaganda, by insisting that the members of the legislature and
+Congress inform themselves upon these subjects, and act and vote in
+accordance with the sentiment of their constituents. It is only by some
+such systematized, concerted effort that any hope may be reasonably
+entertained that this question will be satisfactorily and finally
+solved. That it is capable of being solved satisfactorily there is no
+doubt whatever. It depends upon the women.
+
+The passage of The Pure Food and Drugs Act, caused, for a brief period,
+a cessation of the strenuous activity which had previously characterized
+the patent medicine business. It was not, however, to be expected that
+any single legislative act would permanently strangle such a
+parasite,--for we must remember that it is an easy and a highly
+remunerative calling. Nor was it to be expected that men who are adepts
+in sophistry and experts in quibbling could not find a way to circumvent
+the intent of the law.
+
+This was proved to be so because they are again beginning to advertise
+more freely and with more assurance. One of the best known has assumed a
+new advertising garb. Its new diction is specious and clever, but it is
+a satanic cleverness when its history is weighed in the balance. It is
+quite probable that its formula may have been slightly changed, but at
+the end of each advertisement the following suggestive paragraph
+appears:
+
+     "SPECIAL NOTICE--Many persons are making inquiries for the
+     old-time ----. To such would say, that this formula is now put
+     out under the name of ----, manufactured by ---- Company,
+     C----, Ohio. Write them and they will be pleased to send you a
+     free booklet."
+
+The old time ---- was condemned by the United States Government as an
+intoxicant and stimulant, and cures were sold in various parts of the
+country for the ---- "jag," yet in the new advertisement the following
+appears:
+
+     "---- is a remedy that should be kept in the house. Its virtue
+     as a preventive to disease is the thing I wish chiefly to
+     emphasize.
+
+     "When once the value of ---- as a household remedy is
+     understood no home would be without it. Cathartics, pills and
+     powders would be discarded. Irritating tonics would be no
+     longer taken. ALCOHOLIC DRINKS WOULD HAVE NO PLACE...."
+
+If "alcoholic drinks would have no place" in the household, why should
+one want this "remedy," which has no medical value except as a
+stimulant? It is as if a drunken man should deliver a temperance
+lecture: it would really be funny if we did not know the tragedies that
+have gone before as a result of its use. That is an example of the type
+of argument which must be legislated against.
+
+There are two specific points in this crusade against the patent
+medicine fraud which should be the objective issues of all concerted
+effort to crush the evil. These could be taken up by mothers in their
+eugenic clubs and developed until successfully legislated upon. It would
+be the greatest immediate contribution to constructive legislation that
+women's suffrage could bestow upon the race.
+
+First, to enact a law which would make it a felony for a newspaper to
+print a fraudulent patent medicine advertisement, or a fake medical
+cure. A national board of competent authority should be constituted to
+determine the question of fraud.
+
+Second, to amend the law which permits the registration of a fancy name
+for a combination of drugs, without at the same time giving the formula.
+
+The mothers of the race must recognize that it is not only a question of
+economy, but a vital issue in health preservation, to regard all
+advertised remedies and medical "cures" as absolutely dangerous and
+worthless, and consequently not to be used at all. There is no safe
+exception to this rule. The records teem with evidence condemning the
+whole discreditable business. Almost without exception, every advertised
+remedy and cure has been, when actually investigated, found fraudulent
+and worthless. The great majority of these concerns are owned and run by
+individuals, who have had no medical experience, and no training to fit
+them to advise patients in any sense. It is a money-making scheme pure
+and simple, and anyone who asks further proof is not open to conviction.
+
+I believe the truthful and the just interpretation of the success of the
+patent medicine business is to be found in the ignorance of the
+people,--not the kind of ignorance that reflects upon their
+intelligence, but real, honest ignorance regarding the true character
+and merit of the patent medicine business. It would be an unwarranted
+reflection upon the intelligence and acumen of the American people to
+assert that they would wittingly support a fraudulent proposition,
+especially a proposition whose success meant their own physical
+degeneration. The reflection is rather an indictment of the inefficiency
+of those in authority.
+
+We must not deny that there exists in the minds of the lowly a feeling
+that what is printed is true. This is as it should be; it is an instinct
+and it is fundamental. We must remember, too, that there are thousands
+and thousands of homes, into which absolutely no literature of any kind
+ever penetrates except the weekly, and it may be stray copies of the
+daily newspaper. These people are primitive and credulous. They have
+ailing members in the family, and they have not always accessible
+medical service, or they may be too poor to avail themselves of such
+service as exists. When, therefore, they see glaring promises of relief
+and "cures" for whatever may ail them, in the oft-read paper, week after
+week, it is an easy step to become enrolled as a victim. These people
+believe in their newspaper. They have no reason to question the truth of
+its contents. They unconsciously put their trust and dependence upon
+those in authority, those who should see to it that the instinct of
+truth and honesty is reflected in the justice and protection which is
+meted out to the helpless and the poor. Is it any wonder, therefore,
+that we have victims, when the only voice that comes to them from the
+great world beyond is a tissue of false promises and fraudulent
+pretensions? The law is a cumbersome vehicle to move. It cannot be
+driven by inspiration--no matter how crucial the incentive may be that
+creates the inspiration,--it moves only by the potential force of a
+great conviction, the voice of the people. It seems a pity to waste time
+in the education of all the people before their voice shall be raised to
+demand protection, when the authorities know now of the wrong that is
+being perpetrated and could right it without the waste of this precious
+time.
+
+Since we cannot hope for legislative assistance until the people are
+aroused to demand it, every mother who has an opportunity to learn the
+truth about the matter, must become a member of the propaganda of
+education and must spread the knowledge to others. We must educate the
+army of innocents who fall because they do not know the truth, and we
+must reach that vaster army, whose gullibility permits these frauds to
+flourish. We must show them the false foundation and the hollow pretense
+upon which such schemes are founded. We must show them that each detail
+of the business is inspired by a wrong motive; that the so-called
+personal letters even are printed by the hundreds of thousands, and
+filled in to appear as personal communications by office clerks who
+possess absolutely no medical knowledge; that the "diagnosis" blanks are
+worthless and frequently dangerous, and simply sent to the prospective
+victim to impress him and draw him on; that the medicine furnished, is,
+as a rule, made of the cheapest of drugs, bought in large quantities
+from parties, whose reputation in the drug trade is not of the best;
+that the medicine has no special potency nor value, that it is in all
+likelihood a worthless mixture, which in the advertisements is given
+false and lying properties; that when they have got all the money out of
+the victim possible they will sell his letters to other nostrum venders.
+It is a sorry reflection on our civilization that the sick, often the
+incurably ill, cannot be protected against their own credulity and the
+devices of those who would fatten on their misfortune and profit by
+their sufferings.
+
+If every mother who reads this article would quietly think the matter
+over and reach a definite conclusion as to just how she may contribute
+her share to the educational crusade to crush the patent medicine
+monster, I am certain it would not be long before we would begin to feel
+that there were the "mutterings of a storm brewing." If each mother
+would subscribe to the following resolution, and obey it, she would
+really be an agency for much good in her community:
+
+     I resolve never to advise an ailing friend or acquaintance to
+     purchase or use an advertised remedy or "cure" of any kind
+     whatsoever; nor will I permit any other person to advise the
+     use of such remedies or "cures" without, in a friendly way,
+     protesting, and thereby converting this person, who undoubtedly
+     is ignorant of the facts.
+
+     I further resolve, always to advise an ailing friend to consult
+     someone, whose education and experience qualifies him to give
+     competent advice.
+
+I would suggest that the above resolution be printed on cards in the
+form of a motto, to be hung on the wall, and distributed from house to
+house by the eugenic clubs. At the bottom of the card, the word "over"
+should be clearly printed. On the reverse side, in ordinary reading type
+should be a condensed and efficient argument against the use of patent
+medicines. This argument should be complete and convincing in itself, so
+that one who may casually ask what the card means may be told to read
+what is on the back of the card, and may, thereby, be convinced that "it
+is a good idea." This would be an inexpensive way of exciting the
+curiosity of the community, and when the psychological moment arrives it
+would probably be possible for one of the members of the club to give an
+address or lecture on the patent medicine evil. Inasmuch as the
+curiosity and the sympathy of the audience would be with the speaker, it
+would only be necessary to state facts to make converts. It seems worth
+trying, and the suggestion is given with the hope that the women in
+every community who are capable (and there are capable leaders in every
+community) will take this club idea up and develop it far beyond the
+largest hopes which I conceive for them.
+
+If eugenics means anything, and if the women are what they claim, much
+will be accomplished by each doing her part intelligently, and by each
+community standing upon its own record.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Eugenic Marriage, Vol. 3 (of 4), by
+W. Grant Hague
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