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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: First Oration of Cicero Against Catiline + with Notices, Notes and Complete Vocabulary + +Author: John Henderson + +Release Date: March 31, 2008 [EBook #24967] + +Language: Latin + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIRST ORATION OF CICERO - CATILINE *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class = "mynote"> + +<p>This e-text includes a few words of accented Greek:</p> + +<p class = "inset">δῆτα, ἀγαθός</p> + +<p>If the words do not display properly, or if the apostrophes and +quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an +incompatible browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure that the +browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). +You may also need to change your browser’s default font.</p> + +<p>Typographical errors have been marked in the text with <ins class = +"correction" title = "like this">mouse-hover popups</ins>. The shift +from “Antony” (“Life of Cicero” section) to “Antonius” (remainder of the +book) is unchanged. Date format has been regularized to “(year) B.C.”; +in the original, about a quarter of the dates were in the reversed form +“B.C. (year)”. A few cases of “scil,” with comma have been silently +changed to “scil.” Four occurrences of “æ”—three of them on the +same page—have been regularized to “ae”.</p> + +<p>Missing footnote anchors have been supplied or restored; they are +marked <a class = "tag missing" href = "#contents">N</a>like this +without further annotation.</p> + +<p>All links from the Oration lead to Notes; all links in the +Notes—except obvious cross-references to other Notes—lead +back to the Oration. This e-text includes a second, “stripped-down” text +of the Oration, retaining correction popups but with all links to Notes +removed.</p> +</div> + +<table class = "contents" summary = "table of contents"> +<tr><td> +<h5><a name = "contents" id = "contents"> +<b>Contents</b></a> +(added by transcriber)</h5> +<p><a href = "#preface">Preface</a></p> +<p><a href = "#cicero">Cicero:</a><br> +<a href = "#cicero">I. Life of Cicero</a><br> +<a href = "#catiline">II. Life of Catiline</a><br> +<a href = "#chronology">III. Chronology of the Conspiracy</a><br> +<a href = "#summary">IV. Summary of first oration</a></p> +<p><a href = "#oration">FIRST ORATION</a> (linked to notes)</p> +<p><a href = "#notes">Notes</a></p> +<p><a href = "#names">Proper Names</a></p> +<p><a href = "#vocab">Vocabulary</a></p> +<p><a href = "#oration_bare">FIRST ORATION</a> (free-standing)</p> +</td></tr> +</table> + +<div class = "titlepage"> + +<h4><b>Classical Text-Book Series</b></h4> + +<hr> + +<h2>FIRST ORATION</h2> + +<h6>OF</h6> + +<h1>CICERO AGAINST CATILINE</h1> + +<h6>WITH</h6> + +<h5>NOTICES, NOTES AND COMPLETE VOCABULARY.</h5> + +<h6>BY</h6> + +<h4 class = "extended">JOHN HENDERSON, M.A.</h4> + +<hr class = "mid"> + +<h5>TORONTO:<br> +THE COPP CLARK COMPANY, LIMITED,</h5> + +</div> + +<p class = "copyright"> +Entered according to Act of the Parliament of Canada, in the year one +thousand eight hundred and eighty-six, by THE COPP CLARK COMPANY, <span +class = "smallcaps">Limited</span>, Toronto, Ontario, in the Office of +the Minister of Agriculture.</p> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<h3><a name = "preface" id = "preface">PREFACE.</a></h3> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<p>It has been the aim of the Editor to explain what seemed to him +difficulties in the text. There are many points which might have been +noted, but which a judicious teacher will supply in the ordinary class +work.</p> + +<p>References are made to the standard grammars of Zumpt, Madvig, +Harkness, Allen and Greenough.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">1</span> +<a name = "page1" id = "page1"> </a> + +<p><a class = "toplink" href = "#contents">TOP</a></p> + +<h3><a name = "cicero" id = "cicero">LIFE OF CICERO.</a></h3> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<h6>I.</h6> + +<div class = "lifestory"> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Birth.</span> + +<p>Marcus Tullius Cicero, the greatest name in Roman literature, was +born near Arpinum, a town of Latium, January 3rd, B.C. 106. +His father, a man of large views and liberal culture, belonged to +the <i>equites</i>, and possessed an hereditary estate in the +neighbourhood of the town. To give his sons, Marcus and Quintus, that +education which could not be obtained at a provincial school, +<span class = "sidenote"> +Removes to Rome, B.C. 92.</span> +he removed to Rome, where the young Ciceros were placed under the best +teachers of the day. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Early teachers.</span> +From Aelius they learned philosophy; from Archias, the mechanism of +verse, though not the inspiration of poetry. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Early works.</span> +A translation of the <i>Phaenomena</i> and <i>Prognostics</i> of +Aratus, and a mythological poem on the fable of <i>Pontius Glaucus</i> +were the first fruits of Cicero’s genius. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Assumes the toga virilis B.C. 89.</span> +On assuming the <i>toga virilis</i>, B.C. 89, Cicero attached +himself to the jurist Scaevola, who was then in the zenith of his fame. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Serves his first campaign, B.C. 88.</span> +In the following year he served a brief campaign in the Social War under +Cn. Pompeius Strabo, the father of Pompey the Great. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Studies philosophy.</span> +Philosophical studies had, however, more attractions for him than arms. +Under Philo, the Academic, and Diodotus, the Stoic, he laid the +foundation of that Eclecticism which is so observable in his +philosophical works. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Pleads his first cause pro Quinct.</span> +At the age of 25 he pleaded his first cause, and in the following year +he defended Sextus Roscius of Ameria, who had been accused of parricide +by Chrysogonus, one of <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Sylla’s’">Sulla’s</ins> favourites. In this cause he +<span class = "pagenum">2</span> +<a name = "page2" id = "page2"> </a> +acquired the acquittal of his client, but incurred the enmity of the +dictator. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Goes to Athens, Asia, and Rhodes.</span> +With the ostensible object of regaining his health he went to Athens, +where he studied philosophy under Antiochus, the Academic, and under +Zeno and Phaedrus, both Epicureans. From Athens he travelled through +Asia Minor and finally settled for a short time at Rhodes, attending +there the lectures of Molo, the <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘rhetorican’">rhetorician</ins>. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Returns home.</span> +Returning home, he at once entered on that political career to which his +commanding ability destined him, +<span class = "sidenote"> +Elected quaestor of Sicily.</span> +and was elected <i>quaestor</i> of Sicily. During his term of office he +so endeared himself to the inhabitants of the island by his integrity +that they selected him as their patron at Rome. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Indicts Verres, B.C. 70.</span> +In their behalf he subsequently conducted the prosecution against +Verres, who was charged with extortion. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Elected aedile, 69 B.C.</span> +His success in this cause, and his consequent popularity, procured him +the office of <i>curule aedile</i>. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Praetor, 66 B.C.</span> +After the usual interval he was chosen <i>praetor</i>, and, while +holding this office, +<span class = "sidenote"> +His first political speech.</span> +delivered the first of his political harangues, +<span class = "sidenote"> +Pro lege Manilia, 65 B.C.</span> +in defence of the bill proposed by C. Manilius to invest Pompey +with supreme command in the Mithradatic War. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Consul, 63 B.C.</span> +Two years afterwards he gained the <i>consulship</i>, the goal of his +ambition. His consulate is memorable for the bold attempt of Catiline to +subvert the government—an attempt which was frustrated by the +patriotic zeal of the consul. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Unpopularity of Cicero.</span> +Cicero had quickly soared to the pinnacle of fame: as quickly did he +fall. In crushing the conspiracy of Catiline questionable means had been +employed. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Causes of Exile.</span> +Clodius, his implacable enemy, revived a law exiling all who had been +guilty of putting to death Roman citizens without a formal trial before +the people. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Deserted by the Triumvirs.</span> +The Triumvirs, too, were disgusted with the vanity of the man who was +constantly reminding the people that he was the “Saviour of Italy” and +the “Father of +<span class = "pagenum">3</span> +<a name = "page3" id = "page3"> </a> +His Country.” Deserted by his friends, and exposed to the hatred of his +foes, +<span class = "sidenote"> +Goes into exile, 58 B.C.</span> +Cicero went to Thessalonica into voluntary exile. The wanton destruction +of his villas and the insults offered to his wife and children soon, +however, produced a feeling of sympathy for the exiled orator. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Recall, 51 B.C.</span> +His return to Rome was attended with all the pomp and circumstance of a +triumphant general. Henceforth his voice was little heard in the Senate. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Elected Augur, 53 B.C.</span> +After his return he was appointed to a seat in the <i>College of +Augurs</i>. In obtaining this office he had placed himself under +obligations to both Pompey and Caesar, and this may account for his +neutrality in the civil struggles of the time. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Proconsul, 52 B.C.</span> +He was subsequently appointed, much against his will, proconsul of +Cilicia, where his administration was marked by the same integrity as he +had displayed in Sicily. Cicero arrived in Italy from Cilicia on the 4th +of January, B.C. 49, just after the breaking out of the civil war +between Pompey and Caesar. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Sides with Pompey.</span> +After some hesitation he decided to take the part of Pompey, but his +support was never cordial: it was a source of weakness rather than of +strength. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Pharsalia, B.C. 48.</span> +When the battle of Pharsalia decided the fate of the Roman world, he +returned to Brundisium to await the arrival of the victorious Caesar, +<span class = "sidenote"> +Pardoned by Caesar.</span> +who generously extended a full and frank pardon to the vacillating +orator. Cicero from this time withdrew from active public life and +devoted himself to philosophy, except during the period immediately +preceding his death. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Gloom.</span> +The loss of his daughter Tullia, the divorce of his wife Terentia, and +the unhappy marriage with Publilia darkened the gloom which settled on +his declining years. His high exultation on the assassination of Caesar +was of only momentary duration, and was succeeded by dark forebodings of +Marc <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Anthony’s’">Antony’s</ins> +designs. As soon as the plans of the scheming triumvir were evident, +<span class = "pagenum">4</span> +<a name = "page4" id = "page4"> </a> +<span class = "sidenote"> +His Philippic Orations.</span> +Cicero attacked Antony’s character with all the powers of invective. +Again he was the idol of the people and the champion of senatorial +rights, but his popularity was only the last gasp of the dying liberties +of Rome. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Antony, Octavianus, and <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Sepidus’">Lepidus</ins> form the second triumvirate.</span> +The second triumvirate was formed, and each member of it sacrificed his +friends to glut the vengeance of his colleagues; and to appease the +brutal Antony, Cicero was sacrificed by Octavianus. Refusing to seek +refuge in exile, he determined to die in the land he had saved, +<span class = "sidenote"> +Killed at Caieta, B.C. 43.</span> +and was slain at Caieta by the emissaries of the bloodthirsty +triumvir.</p> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Works.</span> + +<p>The works of <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Circero’">Cicero</ins> are:—</p> + +<p>(1) <i>Orations</i>: Of the eighty speeches composed by him we +possess, either entire or in part, fifty-nine. (See list).</p> + +<p>(2) <i>Philosophical works</i>.</p> + +<p>(3) <i>Correspondence</i>: Comprising <i>thirty-six</i> books, +<i>sixteen</i> of which are addressed to Athens, <i>three</i> to his +brother Quintus, <i>one</i> to Brutus, and <i>sixteen</i> to his +different friends.</p> + +<p>(4) <i>Poems</i>: Consisting of the heroic poems, <i>Alcyones</i>, +<i>Marcus</i>, <i>Elegy of Tamelastis</i>, and <i>Translations</i> of +Homer and Aratus.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div lifestory --> + + +<h4><span class = "subhead"> +<a name = "catiline" id = "catiline">II.</a></span><br> +LIFE OF CATILINE.</h4> + +<div class = "lifestory"> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Birth.</span> + +<p><b>L. Sergius Catilina</b> was a Roman patrician, born about +108 B.C. From his father he inherited nothing but a noble name. In +the turbulent scenes of the Sullan rule, Catiline played a conspicuous +part, to which his undoubted ability, his undaunted courage, his iron +constitution, his depraved morals, and excessive cruelty notoriously +fitted him. +<span class = "sidenote"> +His crimes.</span> +He +<span class = "pagenum">5</span> +<a name = "page5" id = "page5"> </a> +commenced his career by slaying, with his own hand, Q. Caecilius, +his own brother-in-law, and by torturing to death M. Marius +Gratidianus, a kinsman of Cicero. Though his youth was spent in +open debauchery, and reckless extravagance, though he made away with his +first wife and his son to marry the worthless and profligate Aurelia +Orestilla, the guilty crimes of Catiline do not seem to have been any +barrier to his advancement to political honors. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Offices held.</span> +He obtained the praetorship B.C. 68, and in the following year was +propraetor of Africa. He returned to Rome B.C. 66 to press his suit +for the consulship. The two consuls who had the highest votes were +P. Autronius Paetus and P. Cornelius Sulla, both of whom were +convicted of bribery, and their election was declared void. Their places +were filled by L. Aurelius Cotta and L. Manlius Torquatus. +Catiline was prevented from being a candidate in consequence of an +impeachment brought against him for mal-administration of his province +of Africa by P. Clodius Pulcher, afterwards the implacable enemy of +Cicero. +<span class = "sidenote"> +First Conspiracy.</span> +Autronius and Catiline, exasperated by their disappointment, formed a +league with Cn. Calpurnius Piso to murder the consuls on the first +of January, to seize the <i>fasces</i>, and to occupy Spain. The plan +leaked out, and was postponed till the fifth of February. The scheme, +however, failed in consequence of Catiline giving the signal too soon. +Resolutions were passed by the Senate condemning the conspiracy, but +these were quashed by the intercession of a tribune. Some say that both +Caesar and Crassus were involved in this First Conspiracy of Catiline. +About this time, Catiline was acquitted of extortion (<i>res +repetundae</i>), but the trial rendered him penniless. About the +beginning of June, 64 B.C., he began to plot more systematically to +carry out his plans for a general +<span class = "pagenum">6</span> +<a name = "page6" id = "page6"> </a> +revolution. A meeting was called for all those interested in the +conspiracy. To this convention, eleven senators, four knights, and many +of the noted men from the provincial towns assembled to hear the bold +designs of the conspirator. +<span class = "sidenote"> +Catiline’s Proposals.</span> +Catiline proposed that all debts should be cancelled (<i>novae +tabulae</i>), that the wealthy citizens should be proscribed, that +offices of honor and emolument should be divided among his friends, and +that the leaders of the conspiracy should raise armies in Spain and in +Mauretania. Again he was a candidate for the consulship, and again he +was doomed to disappointment. Cicero and Antonius were chosen, the +latter, however, by only a few centuries over Catiline. This defeat +embittered the animosity between the two parties. The conspirator raised +large sums of money on his own security and on the credit of his +friends, sent arms to various parts of Italy, levied troops in Etruria, +and sent Manlius a veteran of Sulla to take command of the newly raised +forces. The slaves were to be armed, the buildings of the city set on +fire, the citizens indiscriminately massacred, and a reign of terror and +bloodshed was to be inaugurated. In the midst of all these schemes, +Catiline stood again for the consulship (63 B.C.), and was thwarted +by the wariness and exertions of Cicero, who checkmated his schemes at +every turn. One of the conspirators was Q. Curius, a man weak +and vacillating. +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Conspiracy divulged.</span> +This man had a mistress, Fulvia, who was the repository of all his +secrets. Alarmed at the audacious designs of the conspirators, she +imparted her secrets to some of her acquaintances, and through her +confidants the matter was betrayed to Cicero. After securing his +personal safety, and withdrawing Antonius from the side of Catiline, the +consul deferred the consular elections to lay before the Senate the +<span class = "pagenum">7</span> +<a name = "page7" id = "page7"> </a> +whole conspiracy. +<span class = "sidenote"> +First Speech against Catiline.</span> +At a meeting of the Senate, October 21st, 63, he told the Senators the +danger that threatened the state. Many of those complicated in the +conspiracy fled. By virtue of a <i>decretum ultimum</i>, which formula +(<i>consules videant, ne quid detrimenti respublica capiat</i>) gave the +consuls absolute civil and military power, Catiline was in danger of +losing his life. Catiline, who was again a candidate for the consulship +for 62 B.C., was rejected. An impeachment of sedition was also +brought against him by L. Aemilius Paulus. On the 6th November, +Catiline summoned the conspirators to the house of M. Porcius +Laeca, and after accusing them of inactivity, he laid before him his +plans. Cicero was to be removed, and L. Vargunteius, +a senator, and C. Cornelius, a knight, were despatched to +carry out the scheme, but were frustrated. Cicero called the Senate on +November 8th, and delivered his first speech against Catiline, who, +though overwhelmed with guilt, had still the audacity to appear among +the senators.</p> + +<p>Altogether four speeches were delivered against Catiline. In the +final debate as to the sentence, it was decided to put the apprehended +conspirators to death. This sentence was carried out against some. +Catiline and most fell, however, in the field at Pistoria +(62 B.C.), fighting with a valour worthy of a better cause.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div lifestory --> + + +<span class = "pagenum">8</span> +<a name = "page8" id = "page8"> </a> + +<h4><span class = "subhead"> +<a name = "chronology" id = "chronology">III.</a></span><br> +CHRONOLOGY OF THE<br> +CONSPIRACY OF CATILINE.</h4> + +<table class = "chron" summary = "chronology"> +<tr> +<th width = "4%">Date B.C.</th> +<th width = "32%">Consuls.</th> +<th width = "32%">Life of Catiline.</th> +<th>Life of Cicero.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>68</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +L. Caecilius Metellus<br>P. Marcus Rex</td> +<td><p>Catiline praetor</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>67</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +Calpurnius Piso<br>M. Acilius Glabrio</td> +<td><p>Catiline propraetor of Africa</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>66</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +L. Volcatius Tullus<br>M. Aemilius Lepidus</td> +<td><p>Catiline canvasses for the consulship: is accused of extortion by +P. Clodius. Catiline defeated in suing for consulship: forms a +league with Autronius and Piso. First conspiracy.</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>65</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +L. Manlius Torquatus<br>L. Aurelius Cotta</td> +<td><p>Catiline determines to slay the new consuls on the kalends of +January: plan discovered and deferred to February: Catiline gives signal +too soon and his plans frustrated.</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>64</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +L. Julius Caesar<br>C. Marcus Figulus</td> +<td><p>On the kalends of June, Catiline convenes his associates for a +second conspiracy. Eleven senators, four knights, and many distinguished +men assemble. Catiline again defeated for consulship.</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>63</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +M. Tullius Cicero<br>C. Antonius Hybrida</td> +<td><p>Catiline accused by Lucullus of murder. Catiline again candidate +for consulship and defeated.</p></td> +<td><p>Cicero convenes Senate, Oct. 20; lays plans of conspirators +before Senate: elections for consuls, which should take place Oct. 21st, +deferred.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "pagenum">9</span> +<a name = "page9" id = "page9"> </a> +</td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Oct. 23rd: Catiline accused under <i>Lex Plautia de vi</i> by +Lucius Paulus.</p></td> +<td rowspan = "3"> +<p>Oct. 21st: Letters brought by Crassus, threatening danger to the +State: the Senate convened in the temple of Concord. The Senate passes +<i>decretum ultimum</i>. On 22nd Oct. L. Licinius Murena and +D. Junius Silanus elected consuls.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Oct. 27th: Manlius takes up arms in Etruria.</p></td> +<!-- <td></td> --> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Oct. 28th: Day appointed by Catiline for the murder of the +leading senators. (Cat. I., 3).</p></td> +<!-- <td></td> --> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Nov. 1: Catiline endeavors to take Praeneste by a night +attack.</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Nov. 6th: Catiline assembles his friends at house of +Laeca.</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Nov. 7th: Vargunteius and Cornelius attempt to assassinate +Cicero.</p></td> +<td rowspan = "2"> +<p>Nov. 8: Cicero invokes the Senate in the temple of Juppiter Stator. +First Catilinarian oration delivered.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Nov. 8th: Catiline leaves Rome.</p></td> +<!-- <td></td> --> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>The <i>second Catilinarian oration</i> delivered from the +<i>rostra</i> to the people, Nov. 9th.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Nov. 20th: A decree passed declaring Catiline and Manlius +public enemies.</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Dec. 2nd: The ambassadors of the Allobroges are seized with +documents proving conspiracy.</p></td> +<td><p>Dec. 3rd: The <i>third Catilinarian oration</i> delivered from +the rostra to the people. Rewards offered to all who would give +information as to the conspiracy.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "pagenum">10</span> +<a name = "page10" id = "page10"> </a> +</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Dec. 5th: Fourth Catilinarian oration delivered in the temple of +Concord. The Senate decrees that the death penalty should be inflicted +on the conspirators. Five conspirators put to death.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>62</td> +<td class = "bracket"> +D. Junius Silanus<br>L. Licinius Murena</td> +<td><p>Jan. 5th: Battle of <i>Pistoria</i>: defeat and death of +Catiline.</p></td> +<td><p>Many Senators tried under the law <i>Lex Plautia de vi</i> and +exiled.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<h4><span class = "subhead"> +<a name = "summary" id = "summary">IV.</a></span><br> +FIRST ORATION AGAINST CATILINE.</h4> + + +<p>This speech may be divided into three parts:</p> + +<p>I. In the introduction Cicero in impassioned language expresses +astonishment that Catiline should be so audacious as to come into the +Senate while plotting the destruction of his country. The orator reminds +Catiline that men less guilty have been slain in the earlier days of the +republic, and gives reasons why the penalty of death should be meted out +to the arch conspirator (I., II.).</p> + +<p>II. In the next part, Cicero gives reasons why Catiline should leave +Rome and go to the camp of Manlius:</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +(<i>a</i>) That his nefarious plot was well known, that his personal +character was stained with many crimes, that his public life was +<span class = "pagenum">11</span> +<a name = "page11" id = "page11"> </a> +abhorred by all, that his native land, though silent, eloquently pleads +with Catiline to withdraw (III.-IX.).</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +(<i>b</i>) That Catiline should depart to the troops raised in Etruria, +whither he had sent Manlius to carry on the war, that the great delight +of Catiline was to make war on his native land, and to mingle in the +society of the conspirators.</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +(<i>c</i>) That such withdrawal would be more advantageous to the State +than the execution of the conspirators, that in the former case his +abandoned followers would accompany Catiline, and thus the seeds of the +rebellion would be extirpated.</p> + +<p>III. The orator promises the co-operation of all patriotic citizens +in suppressing the conspiracy after Catiline and his associates had +withdrawn. Then beseeching Catiline and the other conspirators to remove +from Rome, the orator invokes the aid of Juppiter Stator to save Rome +from the nefarious schemes of abandoned men.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">13</span> +<a name = "page13" id = "page13"> </a> + +<p><a class = "toplink" href = "#contents">TOP</a></p> + +<h3><span class = "subhead"> +<a name = "oration" id = "oration">M. TULLII CICERONIS</a></span><br> +ORATIO IN L. CATILINAM<br> +<span class = "subhead">PRIMA.<br> +HABITA IN SENATU.</span></h3> + + +<p><a name = "chapI" id = "chapI" href = "#notes_chapI">I.</a>— +<a name = "sec1" id = "sec1" href = "#notes_sec1"><b>1.</b></a> <a class += "tag" name = "tag1_1" id = "tag1_1" href = "#note1_1">1</a>Quo usque +tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? Quam diu <a class = "tag" +name = "tag1_2" id = "tag1_2" href = "#note1_2">2</a>etiam <a class = +"tag" name = "tag1_3" id = "tag1_3" href = "#note1_3">3</a>furor iste +tuus <a class = "tag" name = "tag1_4" id = "tag1_4" href = +"#note1_4">4</a>eludet? <a class = "tag" name = "tag1_5" id = "tag1_5" +href = "#note1_5">5</a>Quem ad finem sese effrenata <a class = "tag" +name = "tag1_6" id = "tag1_6" href = "#note1_6">6</a>jactabit audacia? +<a class = "tag" name = "tag1_7" id = "tag1_7" href = +"#note1_7">7</a>Nihilne te nocturnum praesidium Palatii, nihil urbis +vigiliae, nihil timor populi, nihil concursus bonorum omnium, nihil hic +munitissimus habendi senatus locus, nihil horum ora vultusque moverunt. +Patere tua consilia non sentis? <a class = "tag" name = "tag1_8" id = +"tag1_8" href = "#note1_8">8</a>Constrictam omnium horum scientia teneri +conjurationem tuam non vides? Quid <a class = "tag" name = "tag1_9" id = +"tag1_9" href = "#note1_9">9</a>proxima, quid superiore nocte egeris, +ubi fueris, quos convocaveris, quid consilii ceperis, quem <a class = +"tag" name = "tag1_10" id = "tag1_10" href = "#note1_10">10</a>nostrum +ignorare arbitraris? +<a name = "sec2" id = "sec2" href = +"#notes_sec2"><b>2.</b></a> O tempora, O mores! senatus +haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit.<a class = "tag" name = +"tag2_1" id = "tag2_1" href = "#note2_1">1</a> Vivit? immo vero etiam +<a class = "tag" name = "tag2_2" id = "tag2_2" href = "#note2_2">2</a>in +senatum venit, fit publici consilii particeps, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag2_3" id = "tag2_3" href = "#note2_3">3</a>notat et designat oculis +ad caedem unum quemque nostrum. Nos autem, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag2_4" id = "tag2_4" href = "#note2_4">4</a>viri fortes, satis facere +rei publicae <a class = "tag" name = "tag2_5" id = "tag2_5" href = +"#note2_5">5</a>videmur, si istius furorem ac tela <!-- printed 7 for 6 +--> <a class = "tag missing" name = "tag2_6" id = "tag2_6" href = +"#note2_6">6</a>vitemus. <a class = "tag missing" name = "tag2_7" id = +"tag2_7" href = "#note2_7">7</a>Ad mortem te, Catilina, duci jussu +consulis jam pridem oportebat, <a class = "tag" name = "tag2_8" id = +"tag2_8" href = "#note2_8">8</a>in te conferri pestem istam, quam tu in +nos machinaris. +<a name = "sec3" id = "sec3" href = "#notes_sec3"><b>3.</b></a> <a +class = "tag" name = "tag3_1" id = "tag3_1" href = "#note3_1">1</a>An +vero vir amplissimus, P. Scipio, pontifex maximus, +Ti. Gracchum, mediocriter labefactantem statum rei publicae, +privatus interfecit: Catilinam orbem terrae caede atque incendiis +vastare cupientem, nos consules perferemus? Nam <a class = "tag" name = +"tag3_2" id = "tag3_2" href = "#note3_2">2</a>illa nimis +<span class = "pagenum">14</span> +<a name = "page14" id = "page14"> </a> +antiqua praetereo, quod C. <a class = "tag" name = "tag3_3" id = +"tag3_3" href = "#note3_3">3</a><ins class = "correction" title = +"corrected by hand from ‘Serviliusi’">Servilius</ins> Ahala Sp. Maelium, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag3_4" id = "tag3_4" href = +"#note3_4">4</a>novis rebus studentem, manu sua occidit. <a class = +"tag" name = "tag3_5" id = "tag3_5" href = "#note3_5">5</a>Fuit, fuit +ista quondam in hac re publica virtus, <a class = "tag" name = "tag3_6" +id = "tag3_6" href = "#note3_6">6</a>ut viri fortes acerbioribus <ins +class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘supplicus’">suppliciis</ins> +civem perniciosum quam acerbissimum hostem coercerent. Habemus <a class += "tag" name = "tag3_7" id = "tag3_7" href = "#note3_7">7</a>senatus +consultum in te, Catilina, <a class = "tag" name = "tag3_8" id = +"tag3_8" href = "#note3_8">8</a>vehemens et grave: non deest <a class = +"tag" name = "tag3_9" id = "tag3_9" href = "#note3_9">9</a>rei publicae +consilium neque auctoritas hujus ordinis: <a class = "tag" name = +"tag3_10" id = "tag3_10" href = "#note3_10">10</a>nos, nos, dico aperte, +consules desumus.</p> + +<p><a name = "chapII" id = "chapII" href = +"#notes_chapII">II.</a>— +<a name = "sec4" id = "sec4" href = "#notes_sec4"><b>4.</b></a> Decrevit +<a class = "tag" name = "tag4_1" id = "tag4_1" href = +"#note4_1">1</a>quondam senatus ut L. Opimius consul videret ne +quid res publica detrimenti caperet; nox nulla <a class = "tag" name = +"tag4_2" id = "tag4_2" href = "#note4_2">2</a>intercessit; interfectus +est <a class = "tag" name = "tag4_3" id = "tag4_3" href = +"#note4_3">3</a>propter quasdam seditionum suspiciones C. Gracchus, +clarissimo <a class = "tag" name = "tag4_4" id = "tag4_4" href = +"#note4_4">4</a>patre, avo, majoribus: occisus est cum liberis<a class = +"tag" name = "tag4_5" id = "tag4_5" href = "#note4_5">5</a> +M. Fulvius consularis. <a class = "tag" name = "tag4_6" id = +"tag4_6" href = "#note4_6">6</a>Simili senatus consulto C. Mario et +L. Valerio consulibus est permissa res publica: <a class = "tag" +name = "tag4_7" id = "tag4_7" href = "#note4_7">7</a>num unum diem +postea L. Saturninum tribunum plebis et C. Servilium praetorem +mors ac rei publicae poena remorata est? At vero nos <a class = "tag" +name = "tag4_8" id = "tag4_8" href = "#note4_8">8</a>vicesimum jam diem +patimur hebescere <a class = "tag" name = "tag4_9" id = "tag4_9" href = +"#note4_9">9</a>aciei horum auctoritatis. Habemus enim hujus modi +senatus consultum, verum <a class = "tag" name = "tag4_10" id = +"tag4_10" href = "#note4_10">10</a>inclusum in tabulis tamquam in vagina +reconditum,<a class = "tag" name = "tag4_11" id = "tag4_11" href = +"#note4_11">11</a> quo ex senatus consulto confestim interfectum te +esse, Catilina, convenit. <ins class = "correction" title = "corrected by hand from ‘Visis’">Vivis</ins>, <a class = "tag" name = "tag4_12" id += "tag4_12" href = "#note4_12">12</a>et vivis non ad deponendam sed ad +confirmandam audaciam. Cupio, patres conscripti, me esse clementem, +cupio in tantis rei publicae periculis me non <a class = "tag" name = +"tag4_13" id = "tag4_13" href = "#note4_13">13</a>dissolutum videri, sed +jam me ipse <a class = "tag" name = "tag4_14" id = "tag4_14" href = +"#note4_14">14</a>inertiae nequitiaeque condemno. +<a name = "sec5" id = "sec5" href = "#notes_sec5"><b>5.</b></a> <a +class = "tag" name = "tag5_1" id = "tag5_1" href = +"#note5_1">1</a>Castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae +faucibus collocata, crescit <a class = "tag" name = "tag5_2" id = +"tag5_2" href = "#note5_2">2</a>in dies singulos hostium numerus, eorum +autem <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘castorum’">castrorum</ins> imperatorem ducemque hostium intra moenia +atque <a class = "tag" name = "tag5_3" id = "tag5_3" href = +"#note5_3">3</a>adeo in senatu videmus intestinam aliquam cotidie +perniciem rei publicae molientem. Si te <a class = "tag missing" name = +"tag5_4" id = "tag5_4" href = "#note5_4">4</a>jam, Catilina, +comprehendi, si interfici jussero, <a class = "tag" name = "tag5_5" id = +"tag5_5" href = "#note5_5">5</a>credo, erit <a class = "tag" name = +"tag5_6" id = "tag5_6" href = "#note5_6">6</a>verendum mihi, ne non +potius hoc omnes boni serius a me quam quisquam crudelius factum se +dicat. Verum ego hoc, +<span class = "pagenum">15</span> +<a name = "page15" id = "page15"> </a> +quod jam pridem factum esse oportuit, <a class = "tag" name = "tag5_7" +id = "tag5_7" href = "#note5_7">7</a>certa de causa nondum adducor, ut +faciam. Tum denique <a class = "tag" name = "tag5_8" id = "tag5_8" href += "#note5_8">8</a>interficiere, cum jam nemo tam improbus, tam perditus, +tam <a class = "tag" name = "tag5_9" id = "tag5_9" href = +"#note5_9">9</a>tui similis inveniri poterit, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag5_10" id = "tag5_10" href = "#note5_10">10</a>qui id non jure factum +esse fateatur. +<a name = "sec6" id = "sec6" href = +"#notes_sec6"><b>6.</b></a> Quam diu <a class = "tag" name = +"tag6_1" id = "tag6_1" href = "#note6_1">1</a>quisquam erit qui te +defendere audeat, vives, sed vives ita, ut <a class = "tag" name = +"tag6_2" id = "tag6_2" href = "#note6_2">2</a>vivis, multis meis et +firmis praesidiis oppressus, ne <a class = "tag" name = "tag6_3" id = +"tag6_3" href = "#note6_3">3</a>commovere te contra rem publicam possis. +Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc <a class = +"tag" name = "tag6_4" id = "tag6_4" href = "#note6_4">4</a>fecerunt, +speculabuntur atque custodient.</p> + +<p><a name = "chapIII" id = "chapIII" href = +"#notes_chapIII">III.</a>—<a class = "tag" name = "tag6_5" id = +"tag6_5" href = "#note6_5">5</a>Etenim quid est, Catilina, quod jam +amplius <a class = "tag" name = "tag6_6" id = "tag6_6" href = +"#note6_6">6</a>exspectes, si neque nox tenebris <ins class = +"correction" title = "corrected by hand from ‘obscurari’">obscurare</ins> <a class = "tag" name = "tag6_7" id = +"tag6_7" href = "#note6_7">7</a>coeptus nefarios neque <a class = "tag" +name = "tag6_8" id = "tag6_8" href = "#note6_8">8</a>privata domus +<a class = "tag" name = "tag6_9" id = "tag6_9" href = +"#note6_9">9</a>parietibus <ins class = "correction" title = "corrected by hand from ‘contineri’">continere</ins> <a class = "tag" name = +"tag6_10" id = "tag6_10" href = "#note6_10">10</a>voces conjurationis +tuae potest? Si <a class = "tag" name = "tag6_11" id = "tag6_11" href = +"#note6_11">11</a>inlustrantur, si erumpunt omnia? Muta jam <a class = +"tag" name = "tag6_12" id = "tag6_12" href = "#note6_12">12</a>istam +mentem, <a class = "tag" name = "tag6_13" id = "tag6_13" href = +"#note6_13">13</a>mihi crede! obliviscere caedis atque incendiorum. +<a class = "tag" name = "tag6_14" id = "tag6_14" href = +"#note6_14">14</a>Teneris undique: luce sunt clariora nobis tua consilia +omnia; quae jam mecum licet <a class = "tag" name = "tag6_15" id = +"tag6_15" href = "#note6_15">15</a>recognoscas. +<a name = "sec7" id = "sec7" href = "#notes_sec7"><b>7.</b></a> <a +class = "tag" name = "tag7_1" id = "tag7_1" href = +"#note7_1">1</a>Meministine me <a class = "tag" name = "tag7_2" id = +"tag7_2" href = "#note7_2">2</a>ante diem duodecimum Kalendas Novembres +dicere in senatu, fore in armis <a class = "tag" name = "tag7_3" id = +"tag7_3" href = "#note7_3">3</a>certo die, qui dies futurus esset ante +diem sextum Kalendas Novembres, C. Manlium, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag7_4" id = "tag7_4" href = "#note7_4">4</a>audaciae satellitem atque +administrum tuae? <a class = "tag" name = "tag7_5" id = "tag7_5" href = +"#note7_5">5</a>Num me fefellit, Catilina, non modo res tanta, tam +atrox, tamque incredibilis, verum id quod multo magis admirandum, dies? +Dixi ego idem in senatu, <a class = "tag" name = "tag7_6" id = "tag7_6" +href = "#note7_6">6</a>caedem te <a class = "tag" name = "tag7_7" id = +"tag7_7" href = "#note7_7">7</a>optimatium contulisse in ante diem +quintum Kalendas Novembres, tum cum multi principes civitatis Roma non +tam <a class = "tag" name = "tag7_8" id = "tag7_8" href = +"#note7_8">8</a>sui conservandi quam tuorum consiliorum <a class = "tag" +name = "tag7_9" id = "tag7_9" href = "#note7_9">9</a>reprimendorum causa +profugerunt. Num infitiari potes te illo die meis praesidiis, mea +diligentia circumclusum commovere te contra rem publicam non potuisse, +cum te discessu ceterorum nostra tamen, qui remansissemus, caede +contentum <ins class = "correction" title = "corrected by hand from ‘se’">esse</ins> dicebas? +<a name = "sec8" id = "sec8" href = "#notes_sec8"><b>8.</b></a> <a +class = "tag" name = "tag8_1" id = "tag8_1" href = "#note8_1">1</a>Quid? +cum tu <a class = "tag" name = "tag8_2" id = "tag8_2" href = +"#note8_2">2</a>te Praeneste Kalendis ipsis Novembribus occupaturum +nocturno impetu esse confideres, <a class = "tag" name = "tag8_3" id = +"tag8_3" href = "#note8_3">3</a>sensistine illam coloniam meo jussu meis +<a class = "tag missing" name = "tag8_4" id = "tag8_4" href = +"#note8_4">4</a>praesidiis, custodiis vigiliisque esse munitam? +<span class = "pagenum">16</span> +<a name = "page16" id = "page16"> </a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag8_5" id = "tag8_5" href = +"#note8_5">5</a>Nihil agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas, quod non ego +non modo audiam, sed etiam videam planeque sentiam.</p> + + +<p><a name = "chapIV" id = "chapIV" href = +"#notes_chapIV">IV.</a>—Recognosce mecum <a class = "tag" name = +"tag8_6" id = "tag8_6" href = "#note8_6">6</a>tandem <a class = "tag" +name = "tag8_7" id = "tag8_7" href = "#note8_7">7</a>noctem illam +superiorem: <a class = "tag" name = "tag8_8" id = "tag8_8" href = +"#note8_8">8</a>jam intelliges multo me vigilare acrius ad salutem quam +te ad perniciem rei publicae. <a class = "tag" name = "tag8_9" id = +"tag8_9" href = "#note8_9">9</a>Dico te <a class = "tag" name = +"tag8_10" id = "tag8_10" href = "#note8_10">10</a>priore nocte venisse +<a class = "tag" name = "tag8_11" id = "tag8_11" href = +"#note8_11">11</a>inter falcarios—non agam obscure <a class = +"tag" name = "tag8_12" id = "tag8_12" href = "#note8_12">12</a>in +M. Laecae domum: convenisse eodem <a class = "tag" name = "tag8_13" +id = "tag8_13" href = "#note8_13">13</a>complures ejusdem <a class = +"tag" name = "tag8_14" id = "tag8_14" href = "#note8_14">14</a>amentiae +scelerisque socios. Num negare audes? quid taces? <a class = "tag" name += "tag8_15" id = "tag8_15" href = "#note8_15">15</a>convincam, si negas: +video enim esse hic in senatu quosdam, qui tecum una fuerunt. +<a name = "sec9" id = "sec9" href = "#notes_sec9"><b>9.</b></a> O +di immortales! <a class = "tag" name = "tag9_1" id = "tag9_1" href = +"#note9_1">1</a>ubinam gentium sumus! quam rem publicam habemus? in qua +urbe vivimus? <a class = "tag" name = "tag9_2" id = "tag9_2" href = +"#note9_2">2</a>Hic, hic sunt in nostro numero, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag9_3" id = "tag9_3" href = "#note9_3">3</a>patres conscripti, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag9_4" id = "tag9_4" href = "#note9_4">4</a>in +hoc orbis terrae sanctissimo gravissimoque consilio, <a class = "tag" +name = "tag9_5" id = "tag9_5" href = "#note9_5">5</a>qui de nostro +omnium interitu, qui de hujus urbis atque adeo de orbis terrarum exitio +cogitent. Hosce ego video et de re publica <a class = "tag" name = +"tag9_6" id = "tag9_6" href = "#note9_6">6</a>sententiam rogo, <ins +class = "correction" title = "added by hand">et</ins> quos ferro +trucidari oportebat, eos nondum voce <a class = "tag" name = "tag9_7" id += "tag9_7" href = "#note9_7">7</a>vulnero. Fuisti <a class = "tag" name += "tag9_8" id = "tag9_8" href = "#note9_8">8</a>igitur apud Laecam illa +nocte, Catilina; <a class = "tag" name = "tag9_9" id = "tag9_9" href = +"#note9_9">9</a>distribuisti <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘partesJ taliae’">partes Italiae</ins>; <a class = "tag" name = +"tag9_10" id = "tag9_10" href = "#note9_10">10</a>statuisti quo quemque +proficisci placeret, <a class = "tag" name = "tag9_11" id = "tag9_11" +href = "#note9_11">11</a>delegisti quos Romae relinqueres, quos tecum +educeres, <a class = "tag" name = "tag9_12" id = "tag9_12" href = +"#note9_12">12</a>discripsisti urbis partes ad incendia, confirmasti te +ipsum jam esse exiturum, dixisti <a class = "tag" name = "tag9_13" id = +"tag9_13" href = "#note9_13">13</a>paullulum tibi esse <a class = "tag" +name = "tag9_14" id = "tag9_14" href = "#note9_14">14</a>etiam tum +morae, quod ego viverem. Reperti sunt <a class = "tag" name = "tag9_15" +id = "tag9_15" href = "#note9_15">15</a>duo equites Romani, <a class = +"tag" name = "tag9_16" id = "tag9_16" href = "#note9_16">16</a>qui te +ista cura liberarent et sese illa ipsa nocte paulo ante lucem me in meo +<a class = "tag" name = "tag9_17" id = "tag9_17" href = +"#note9_17">17</a>lectulo interfecturos esse pollicerentur. +<a name = "sec10" id = "sec10" href = +"#notes_sec10"><b>10.</b></a> Haec ego omnia, <a class = "tag" name += "tag10_1" id = "tag10_1" href = "#note10_1">1</a>vixdum etiam coetu +vestro dimisso, comperi, domum meam majoribus praesidiis munivi atque +firmavi, exclusi eos, quos tu ad me <a class = "tag" name = "tag10_2" id += "tag10_2" href = "#note10_2">2</a>salutatum <a class = "tag" name = +"tag10_3" id = "tag10_3" href = "#note10_3">3</a>mane miseras, cum illi +ipsi venissent, quos ego jam multis ac summis viris ad me <a class = +"tag" name = "tag10_4" id = "tag10_4" href = "#note10_4">4</a>id +temporis venturos praedixeram.</p> + + +<p><a name = "chapV" id = "chapV" href = "#notes_chapV">V.</a>— +<a name = "sec11" id = "sec11" href = "#notes_sec11"><b>11.</b></a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag11_1" id = "tag11_1" href = +"#note11_1">1</a>Quae cum ita sint, Catilina, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag11_2" id = "tag11_2" href = "#note11_2">2</a>perge quo coepisti, +egredere aliquando ex urbe: patent portae: proficiscere. +<span class = "pagenum">17</span> +<a name = "page17" id = "page17"> </a> +Nimium diu te imperatorem tua illa Manliana castra desiderant. Educ +tecum etiam omnes tuos, <a class = "tag" name = "tag11_3" id = "tag11_3" +href = "#note11_3">3</a>si minus, quam plurimos: purga urbem. Magno me +metu liberabis, <a class = "tag" name = "tag11_4" id = "tag11_4" href = +"#note11_4">4</a>dum modo inter me atque te murus intersit. Nobiscum +versari jam diutius non potes: <a class = "tag" name = "tag11_5" id = +"tag11_5" href = "#note11_5">5</a>non feram, non patiar, non sinam. +<a class = "tag" name = "tag11_6" id = "tag11_6" href = +"#note11_6">6</a>Magna dis immortalibus habenda est atque huic ipsi Jovi +Statori, antiquissimo custodi hujus urbis, gratia, <a class = "tag" name += "tag11_7" id = "tag11_7" href = "#note11_7">7</a>quod hanc tam +taetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei publicae pestem totiens jam +effugimus. <a class = "tag missing" name = "tag11_8" id = "tag11_8" href += "#note11_8">8</a>Non est saepius in uno homine summa salus +periclitanda <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘re, ... Catilinai’ at successive line-ends">re,</ins> publicae. Quam diu mihi, +<!-- tag numbers 8, 9 reversed--> <a class = "tag missing" name = +"tag11_9" id = "tag11_9" href = "#note11_9">9</a>consuli designato, <ins +class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘re, ... Catilinai’ at successive line-ends">Catilinai</ins> insidiatus es, non publico me +praesidio, sed privata diligentia defendi. Cum proximis comitiis +consularibus me consulem <a class = "tag" name = "tag11_10" id = +"tag11_10" href = "#note11_10">10</a>in campo et <a class = "tag" name = +"tag11_11" id = "tag11_11" href = "#note11_11">11</a>competitores tuos +interficere voluisti, <a class = "tag" name = "tag11_12" id = "tag11_12" +href = "#note11_12">12</a>compressi conatus tuos nefarios amicorum +praesidio et copiis, nullo tumultu publice concitato: denique, <a class += "tag" name = "tag11_13" id = "tag11_13" href = +"#note11_13">13</a>quotienscumque me petisti, per me tibi obstiti, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag11_14" id = "tag11_14" href = +"#note11_14">14</a>quamquam videbam <a class = "tag" name = "tag11_15" +id = "tag11_15" href = "#note11_15">15</a>perniciem meam cum magna +calamitate rei publicae esse conjunctam. +<a name = "sec12" id = "sec12" href = +"#notes_sec12"><b>12.</b></a> <a class = "tag" name = "tag12_1" id += "tag12_1" href = "#note12_1">1</a>Nunc jam aperte rem publicam +universam petis: templa deorum immortalium, tecta urbis, vitam omnium +civium, Italiam <a class = "tag" name = "tag12_2" id = "tag12_2" href = +"#note12_2">2</a>denique totam ad exitium ac vastitatem vocas. <a class += "tag" name = "tag12_3" id = "tag12_3" href = "#note12_3">3</a>Quare +quoniam id, quod est primum et quod hujus imperii disciplinaeque majorum +proprium est, facere nondum audeo, faciam id, quod est <a class = "tag" +name = "tag12_4" id = "tag12_4" href = "#note12_4">4</a>ad severitatem +lenius et ad communem salutem utilius. Nam si te interfici jussero, +residebit in re publica <a class = "tag" name = "tag12_5" id = "tag12_5" +href = "#note12_5">5</a>reliqua conjuratorum manus: <a class = "tag" +name = "tag12_6" id = "tag12_6" href = "#note12_6">6</a>sin tu, quod te +jam dudum hortor, exieris, <a class = "tag" name = "tag12_7" id = +"tag12_7" href = "#note12_7">7</a>exhaurietur ex urbe tuorum comitum +magna et perniciosa <ins class = "correction" title = "missing word supplied from notes and OCT">sentina</ins> <ins class = "correction" +title = "printed as one word">rei publicae</ins>. +<a name = "sec13" id = "sec13" href = +"#notes_sec13"><b>13.</b></a> Quid est, Catilina? num dubitas id +<a class = "tag" name = "tag13_1" id = "tag13_1" href = +"#note13_1">1</a>imperante me facere, quod jam tua sponte <a class = +"tag" name = "tag13_2" id = "tag13_2" href = "#note13_2">2</a>faciebas? +Exire ex urbe jubet <a class = "tag" name = "tag13_3" id = "tag13_3" +href = "#note13_3">3</a>consul hostem. Interrogas me: <a class = "tag" +name = "tag13_4" id = "tag13_4" href = "#note13_4">4</a>num in exilium? +non jubeo, sed, si <a class = "tag" name = "tag13_5" id = "tag13_5" href += "#note13_5">5</a>me consulis, suadeo.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">18</span> +<a name = "page18" id = "page18"> </a> +<p><a name = "chapVI" id = "chapVI" href = +"#notes_chapVI">VI.</a>—Quid est enim, Catilina, <a class = "tag" +name = "tag13_6" id = "tag13_6" href = "#note13_6">6</a>quod te jam in +hac urbe delectare possit? In qua nemo est <a class = "tag" name = +"tag13_7" id = "tag13_7" href = "#note13_7">7</a>extra ista +conjurationem perditorum hominum qui te non metuat, nemo qui non oderit. +<a class = "tag" name = "tag13_8" id = "tag13_8" href = +"#note13_8">8</a>Quae nota domesticae turpitudinis non inusta vitae tuae +est? <a class = "tag" name = "tag13_9" id = "tag13_9" href = +"#note13_9">9</a>Quod privatarum rerum dedecus non haeret in fama? +<a class = "tag" name = "tag13_10" id = "tag13_10" href = +"#note13_10">10</a>Quae libido ab oculis, quod facinus a manibus unquam +tuis, quod flagitium a toto corpore abfuit? <a class = "tag" name = +"tag13_11" id = "tag13_11" href = "#note13_11">11</a>Cui tu +adulescentulo, quem corruptelarum illecebris irretisses, non aut ad +audaciam ferrum aut ad libidinem facem praetulisti? +<a name = "sec14" id = "sec14" href = +"#notes_sec14"><b>14.</b></a> <a class = "tag" name = "tag14_1" id += "tag14_1" href = "#note14_1">1</a>Quid vero? <a class = "tag" name = +"tag14_2" id = "tag14_2" href = "#note14_2">2</a>Nuper, cum morte +superioris uxoris novis nuptiis domum vacuefecisses, nonne etiam alio +incredibili scelere hoc scelus cumulasti? Quod ego praetermitto et +facile <a class = "tag" name = "tag14_3" id = "tag14_3" href = +"#note14_3">3</a>patior sileri, ne in hac civitate <a class = "tag" name += "tag14_4" id = "tag14_4" href = "#note14_4">4</a>tanti facinoris +immanitas, aut exstitisse aut non vindicata esse videatur. Praetermitto +ruinas fortunarum tuarum, <a class = "tag" name = "tag14_5" id = +"tag14_5" href = "#note14_5">5</a>quas omnes impendere tibi proximis +Idibus senties: ad illa venio, quae non ad privatam ignominiam vitiorum +tuorum, non ad domesticam tuam difficultatem ac turpitudinem, sed ad +summam rem publicam atque <a class = "tag" name = "tag14_6" id = +"tag14_6" href = "#note14_6">6</a>ad omnium nostrum vitam salutemque +pertinent. +<a name = "sec15" id = "sec15" href = +"#notes_sec15"><b>15.</b></a> Potestne tibi haec lux, Catilina, aut +hujus caeli spiritus esse jucundus, <a class = "tag" name = "tag15_1" id += "tag15_1" href = "#note15_1">1</a>cum scias esse horum <a class = +"tag" name = "tag15_2" id = "tag15_2" href = "#note15_2">2</a>neminem +qui nesciat, te <a class = "tag" name = "tag15_3" id = "tag15_3" href = +"#note15_3">3</a>pridie Kalendas Januarias <a class = "tag" name = +"tag15_4" id = "tag15_4" href = "#note15_4">4</a>Lepido et Tullo +Consulibus stetisse in <a class = "tag" name = "tag15_5" id = "tag15_5" +href = "#note15_5">5</a>comitio cum telo? Manum consulum et principum +civitatis interficiendorum causa paravisse <a class = "tag" name = +"tag15_6" id = "tag15_6" href = "#note15_6">6</a>sceleri ac furori tuo +non mentem aliquam aut timorem tuum, sed fortunam populi Romani +obstitisse? Ac jam illa omitto—<a class = "tag" name = "tag15_7" +id = "tag15_7" href = "#note15_7">7</a>neque enim sunt aut obscura aut +non multa commissa postea:—quotiens tu me <a class = "tag" name = +"tag15_8" id = "tag15_8" href = "#note15_8">8</a>designatum, quotiens +consulem interficere voluisti! quot ego tuas <a class = "tag" name = +"tag15_9" id = "tag15_9" href = "#note15_9">9</a>petitiones <a class = +"tag" name = "tag15_10" id = "tag15_10" href = "#note15_10">10</a>ita +conjectas, ut vitari posse non viderentur, parva quadam declinatione et, +ut aiunt, corpore effugi! nihil adsequeris, neque tamen conari ac velle +desistis. +<a name = "sec16" id = "sec16" href = +"#notes_sec16"><b>16.</b></a> Quotiens <a class = "tag" name = +"tag16_1" id = "tag16_1" href = "#note16_1">1</a>tibi jam extorta est +sica ista de manibus! quotiens <a class = "tag" name = "tag16_2" id = +"tag16_2" href = "#note16_2">2</a>excidit +<span class = "pagenum">19</span> +<a name = "page19" id = "page19"> </a> +aliquo casu et elapsa est! <a class = "tag" name = "tag16_3" id = +"tag16_3" href = "#note16_3">3</a>quae quidem quibus abs te initiata +sacris ac devota sit, nescio, quod eam necesse putas esse in consulis +corpore defigere.</p> + + +<p><a name = "chapVII" id = "chapVII" href = +"#notes_chapVII">VII.</a>—Nunc vero quae <a class = "tag" name = +"tag16_4" id = "tag16_4" href = "#note16_4">4</a>tua est ista vita? Sic +<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘enam’">enim</ins> jam +tecum loquar, non ut odio permotus esse videar, quo debeo, <a class = +"tag" name = "tag16_5" id = "tag16_5" href = "#note16_5">5</a>sed ut +misericordia, quae tibi <a class = "tag" name = "tag16_6" id = "tag16_6" +href = "#note16_6">6</a>nulla debetur. Venisti <a class = "tag" name = +"tag16_7" id = "tag16_7" href = "#note16_7">7</a>paulo ante in senatum. +Quis te ex hac tanta <a class = "tag" name = "tag16_8" id = "tag16_8" +href = "#note16_8">8</a>frequentia, tot ex tuis amicis ac necessariis +salutavit? Si hoc <a class = "tag" name = "tag16_9" id = "tag16_9" href += "#note16_9">9</a>post hominum memoriam contigit nemini, <a class = +"tag" name = "tag16_10" id = "tag16_10" href = "#note16_10">10</a>vocis +exspectas contumeliam, cum sis gravissimo judicio taciturnitatis +oppressus? <a class = "tag" name = "tag16_11" id = "tag16_11" href = +"#note16_11">11</a>Quid? Quod <a class = "tag" name = "tag16_12" id = +"tag16_12" href = "#note16_12">12</a>adventu tuo <a class = "tag" name = +"tag16_13" id = "tag16_13" href = "#note16_13">13</a>ista subsellia +vacuefacta sunt, quod omnes consulares, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag16_14" id = "tag16_14" href = "#note16_14">14</a>qui tibi persaepe +ad caedem constituti fuerunt, simul atque adsedisti, partem istam +subselliorum <a class = "tag" name = "tag16_15" id = "tag16_15" href = +"#note16_15">15</a>nudam atque inanem reliquerunt, quo <a class = "tag" +name = "tag16_16" id = "tag16_16" href = "#note16_16">16</a>tandem animo +hoc tibi ferendum putas? +<a name = "sec17" id = "sec17" href = +"#notes_sec17"><b>17.</b></a> <a class = "tag" name = "tag17_1" id += "tag17_1" href = "#note17_1">1</a>Servi <a class = "tag" name = +"tag17_2" id = "tag17_2" href = "#note17_2">2</a>mehercule mei si me +<a class = "tag" name = "tag17_3" id = "tag17_3" href = +"#note17_3">3</a>isto pacto metuerent, ut te metuunt omnes cives tui, +domum meam relinquendam putarem: tu tibi <a class = "tag" name = +"tag17_4" id = "tag17_4" href = "#note17_4">4</a>urbem nom arbitraris? +<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Esti’">Etsi</ins> me meis +civibus <a class = "tag" name = "tag17_5" id = "tag17_5" href = +"#note17_5">5</a>injuria suspectum tam graviter atque <a class = "tag" +name = "tag17_6" id = "tag17_6" href = "#note17_6">6</a>offensum +viderem, carere me aspectu civium quam <a class = "tag" name = "tag17_7" +id = "tag17_7" href = "#note17_7">7</a>infestis oculis omnium conspici +mallem: tu cum conscientia scelerum tuorum <a class = "tag" name = +"tag17_8" id = "tag17_8" href = "#note17_8">8</a>agnoscas odium omnium +justum et jam diu tibi debitum, <a class = "tag" name = "tag17_9" id = +"tag17_9" href = "#note17_9">9</a>dubitas, quorum <a class = "tag" name += "tag17_10" id = "tag17_10" href = "#note17_10">10</a>mentes sensusque +vulneras, eorum aspectum praesentiamque vitare? Si te parentes timerent +atque odissent tui nec eos ulla ratione placare posses, ut opinor, ab +eorum oculis <a class = "tag" name = "tag17_11" id = "tag17_11" href = +"#note17_11">11</a>aliquo concederes: <a class = "tag" name = "tag17_12" +id = "tag17_12" href = "#note17_12">12</a>nunc te patria <a class = +"tag" name = "tag17_13" id = "tag17_13" href = "#note17_13">13</a>quae +communis est parens omnium nostrum, odit ac metuit et jam diu nihil te +judicat nisi de parricidio suo cogitare: hujus tu neque auctoritatem +<a class = "tag" name = "tag17_14" id = "tag17_14" href = +"#note17_14">14</a>verebere nec judicium sequere nec vim pertimesces? +<a name = "sec18" id = "sec18" href = +"#notes_sec18"><b>18.</b></a> <a class = "tag" name = "tag18_1" id += "tag18_1" href = "#note18_1">1</a>Quae tecum, Catilina, sic agit et +quodam modo tacita loquitur: <a class = "tag" name = "tag18_2" id = +"tag18_2" href = "#note18_2">2</a>‘Nullum jam aliquot annis facinus +exstitit nisi per te, nullum flagitium sine te: tibi uni multorum civium +<a class = "tag" name = "tag18_3" id = "tag18_3" href = +"#note18_3">3</a>neces, tibi vexatio direptioque <a class = "tag" name = +"tag18_4" id = "tag18_4" href = "#note18_4">4</a>sociorum impunita fuit +ac libera: +<span class = "pagenum">20</span> +<a name = "page20" id = "page20"> </a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag18_5" id = "tag18_5" href = +"#note18_5">5</a>tu non solum ad negligendas leges et quaestiones, verum +etiam ad evertendas perfringendasque valuisti. Superiora illa, quamquam +ferenda non fuerunt, tamen ut potui, tuli: nunc vero me totam esse in +<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘matu’">metu</ins> propter +unum te, quidquid increpuerit Catilinam timeri, nullum videri contra me +consilium iniri posse, quod a tuo scelere abhorreat, <a class = "tag" +name = "tag18_6" id = "tag18_6" href = "#note18_6">6</a>non est +ferendum. Quamobrem discede atque hunc mihi timorem eripe, si est verus, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag18_7" id = "tag18_7" href = +"#note18_7">7</a>ne opprimar, sin falsus, ut tandem aliquando timere +desinam.’</p> + + +<p><a name = "chapVIII" id = "chapVIII" href = +"#notes_chapVIII">VIII.</a>— +<a name = "sec19" id = "sec19" href = "#notes_sec19"><b>19.</b></a> Haec +si tecum, ut dixi, patria loquatur, nonne <a class = "tag" name = +"tag19_1" id = "tag19_1" href = "#note19_1">1</a>impetrare debeat, etiam +si vim adhibere non possit? <a class = "tag" name = "tag19_2" id = +"tag19_2" href = "#note19_2">2</a>Quid? Quod tu te ipse <a class = "tag" +name = "tag19_3" id = "tag19_3" href = "#note19_3">3</a>in custodiam +dedisti? Quod vitandae suspicionis causa <a class = "tag" name = +"tag19_4" id = "tag19_4" href = "#note19_4">4</a>apud M’. Lepidum te +habitare velle dixisti? A quo non receptus etiam ad me venire ausus +es, atque ut domi meae te adservarem rogasti. Cum a me quoque id +responsum tulisses, me nullo modo posse <a class = "tag" name = +"tag19_5" id = "tag19_5" href = "#note19_5">5</a>isdem parietibus tuto +esse tecum, qui magno in periculo essem quod isdem moenibus +contineremur, ad <a class = "tag" name = "tag19_6" id = "tag19_6" href = +"#note19_6">6</a>Q. Metellum praetorem venisti: a quo +repudiatus ad sodalem tuum, <a class = "tag" name = "tag19_7" id = +"tag19_7" href = "#note19_7">7</a>virum optimum, M. Metellum +demigrasti, quem tu <a class = "tag" name = "tag19_8" id = "tag19_8" +href = "#note19_8">8</a>videlicet et ad custodiendum diligentissimum et +ad suspicandum sagacissimum et <a class = "tag" name = "tag19_9" id = +"tag19_9" href = "#note19_9">9</a>ad vindicandum fortissimum fore +putasti. Sed quam longe videtur a carcere atque vinculis abesse debere, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag19_10" id = "tag19_10" href = +"#note19_10">10</a>qui se ipse jam dignum custodia judicarit? +<a name = "sec20" id = "sec20" href = +"#notes_sec20"><b>20.</b></a> <a class = "tag" name = "tag20_1" id += "tag20_1" href = "#note20_1">1</a>Quae cum ita sint, dubitas, si +<a class = "tag" name = "tag20_2" id = "tag20_2" href = +"#note20_2">2</a>emori aequo animo non potes, abire in aliquas terras et +vitam istam, multis suppliciis justis debitisque ereptam, fugae +solitudinique mandare? <a class = "tag" name = "tag20_3" id = "tag20_3" +href = "#note20_3">3</a>Refer, inquis, ad senatum; id enim postulas, et, +si hic ordo <a class = "tag" name = "tag20_4" id = "tag20_4" href = +"#note20_4">4</a>sibi placere decreverit te ire in exilium, +obtemperaturum te esse dicis. Non referam, id quod <a class = "tag" name += "tag20_5" id = "tag20_5" href = "#note20_5">5</a>abhorret a meis +moribus, et tamen faciam ut intelligas, quid hi de te sentiant. Egredere +ex urbe, Catilina, libera rem publicam metu in exilium, <a class = "tag" +name = "tag20_6" id = "tag20_6" href = "#note20_6">6</a>si hunc vocem +exspectas, proficiscere. Quid est, Catilina? +<span class = "pagenum">21</span> +<a name = "page21" id = "page21"> </a> +Ecquid attendis, ecquid animadvertis horum silentium? <a class = "tag" +name = "tag20_7" id = "tag20_7" href = "#note20_7">7</a>Patiuntur, +tacent. <a class = "tag" name = "tag20_8" id = "tag20_8" href = +"#note20_8">8</a>Quid exspectas auctoritatem loquentium, quorum +voluntatem tacitorum perspicis? +<a name = "sec21" id = "sec21" href = +"#notes_sec21"><b>21.</b></a> At si hoc idem <a class = "tag" name += "tag21_1" id = "tag21_1" href = "#note21_1">1</a>huic adulescenti +optimo, P. Sestio, si fortissimo vero M. Marcello dixissem, +jam mihi consuli hoc ipso in templo jure optimo senatus <a class = "tag" +name = "tag21_2" id = "tag21_2" href = "#note21_2">2</a>vim et manus +intulisset. De te autem, Catilina, cum <a class = "tag" name = "tag21_3" +id = "tag21_3" href = "#note21_3">3</a>quiescunt, probant, cum +patiuntur, decernunt, cum tacent, clamant: neque hi solum, quorum +auctoritas est videlicet cara, vita vilissima, sed etiam equites Romani +honestissimi atque optimi viri, ceterique fortissimi <a class = "tag" +name = "tag21_4" id = "tag21_4" href = "#note21_4">4</a>cives, qui stant +circum senatum, quorum tu et frequentiam videre et studia perspicere et +voces paulo ante exaudire potuisti. Quorum ego vix abs te jam diu manus +ac tela contineo, eosdem facile adducam ut te haec, quae jam pridem +vastare studes, relinquentem usque ad portas <a class = "tag missing" +name = "tag21_5" id = "tag21_5" href = +"#note21_5">5</a>prosequantur.</p> + +<p><a name = "chapIX" id = "chapIX" href = +"#notes_chapIX">IX.</a>— +<a name = "sec22" id = "sec22" href = "#notes_sec22"><b>22.</b></a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tag22_1" id = "tag22_1" href = +"#note22_1">1</a>Quamquam quid loquor? <a class = "tag missing" name = +"tag22_2" id = "tag22_2" href = "#note22_2">2</a>Te ut ulla res frangat? +Tu ut te unquam corrigas? Tu ut ullam fugam meditere? Tu ut exilium +cogites? Utinam tibi istam mentem di immortales <a class = "tag" name = +"tag22_3" id = "tag22_3" href = "#note22_3">3</a>duint! Etsi video, si +mea voce perterritus ire in exilium <a class = "tag" name = "tag22_4" id += "tag22_4" href = "#note22_4">4</a>animum induxeris, <a class = "tag" +name = "tag22_5" id = "tag22_5" href = "#note22_5">5</a>quanta tempestas +invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens tempus, recenti memoria scelerum +tuorum, at in posteritatem impendeat. <a class = "tag" name = "tag22_6" +id = "tag22_6" href = "#note22_6">6</a>Sed est tanti, dum modo ista sit +privata calamitas, et a rei <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘pablicae’">publicae</ins> periculis sejungatur. Sed tu <a class = +"tag" name = "tag22_7" id = "tag22_7" href = "#note22_7">7</a>ut vitiis +commoveare, ut legum poenas pertimescas, ut temporibus rei publicae +cedas, non est postulandum. Neque enim is es, Catilina, ut te aut pudor +unquam a turpitudine aut metus a periculo aut ratio a furore +revocaverit. +<a name = "sec23" id = "sec23" href = +"#notes_sec23"><b>23.</b></a> Quam ob rem, ut saepe jam dixi, +proficiscere, ac, si mihi inimico, ut praedicas, tuo <a class = "tag" +name = "tag23_1" id = "tag23_1" href = "#note23_1">1</a>conflare vis +invidiam, <a class = "tag" name = "tag23_2" id = "tag23_2" href = +"#note23_2">2</a>recta perge in exilium; <a class = "tag" name = +"tag23_3" id = "tag23_3" href = "#note23_3">3</a>vix feram sermones +hominum, si id feceris, vix molem istius invidiae, si in exilium jussu +consulis ieris, sustinebo. <a class = "tag" name = "tag23_4" id = +"tag23_4" href = "#note23_4">4</a>Sin autem servire meae laudi et +gloriae +<span class = "pagenum">22</span> +<a name = "page22" id = "page22"> </a> +mavis, egredere cum importuna sceleratorum manu. Confer te ad Manlium, +concita perditos cives, secerne te a bonis, infer patriae bellum, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag23_5" id = "tag23_5" href = +"#note23_5">5</a>exsulta impio latrocinio, ut a me non ejectus ad +alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos esse videaris. +<a name = "sec24" id = "sec24" href = +"#notes_sec24"><b>24.</b></a> <a class = "tag" name = "tag24_1" id += "tag24_1" href = "#note24_1">1</a>Quamquam quid ego te invitem, +a quo jam sciam esse praemissos, <a class = "tag" name = "tag24_2" +id = "tag24_2" href = "#note24_2">2</a>qui tibi ad Forum Aurelium +praestolarentur armati? Cui sciam <a class = "tag" name = "tag24_3" id = +"tag24_3" href = "#note24_3">3</a>pactam et constitutam cum Manlio diem. +A quo etiam <a class = "tag" name = "tag24_4" id = "tag24_4" href = +"#note24_4">4</a>aquilam illam argenteam, quam tibi ac tuis omnibus +perniciosam esse confido ac funestam futuram, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag24_5" id = "tag24_5" href = "#note24_5">5</a>cui domi tuae sacrarium +scelerum tuorum constitutum fuit, sciam esse praemissam? <a class = +"tag" name = "tag24_6" id = "tag24_6" href = "#note24_6">6</a>Tu ut illa +diutius carere possis, quam venerari ad caedem proficisens solebas, +a cujus <a class = "tag" name = "tag24_7" id = "tag24_7" href = +"#note24_7">7</a>altaribus saepe istam impiam dexteram ad necem civium +transtulisti.</p> + +<p><a name = "chapX" id = "chapX" href = "#notes_chapX">X.</a>— +<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘23’"> +<a name = "sec25" id = "sec25" href = +"#notes_sec25"><b>25.</b></a></ins> Ibis tandem aliquando, quo te jam +pridem ista <a class = "tag" name = "tag25_1" id = "tag25_1" href = +"#note25_1">1</a>cupiditas effrenata ac furiosa rapiebat. Neque enim +tibi haec res adfert dolorem, sed <a class = "tag" name = "tag25_2" id = +"tag25_2" href = "#note25_2">2</a>quandam incredibilem voluptatem. +<a class = "tag" name = "tag25_3" id = "tag25_3" href = "#note25_3">3</a>Ad +hanc te amentiam natura peperit, voluntas exercuit, fortuna servavit. +Nunquam tu <a class = "tag" name = "tag25_4" id = "tag25_4" href = +"#note25_4">4</a>non modo <a class = "tag missing" name = "tag25_5" id = +"tag25_5" href = "#note25_5">5</a>otium, sed ne bellum quidem, nisi <ins +class = "correction" title = "misnumbered as 5"><a class = "tag" name = +"tag25_6" id = "tag25_6" href = "#note25_6">6</a></ins>nefarium +concupisti. <ins class = "correction" title = "misnumbered as 6"><a +class = "tag" name = "tag25_7" id = "tag25_7" href = +"#note25_7">7</a></ins>Nanctus es ex perditis atque ab omni non modo +fortuna, verum etiam spe derelictis <a class = "tag" name = "tag25_8" id += "tag25_8" href = "#note25_8">8</a>conflatam, improborum manum. +<a name = "sec26" id = "sec26" href = +"#notes_sec26"><b>26.</b></a> <a class = "tag" name = "tag26_1" id += "tag26_1" href = "#note26_1">1</a>Hic tu qua laetitia perfruere! +quibus gaudiis exsultabis! quanta in voluptate bacchabere, cum in tanto +numero <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘turorum’">tuorum</ins> neque audies virum bonum quemquam neque videbis. +<a class = "tag" name = "tag26_2" id = "tag26_2" href = +"#note26_2">2</a>Ad hujus vitae studium meditati illi sunt qui feruntur +labores tui, jacere humi, non solum <a class = "tag" name = "tag26_3" id += "tag26_3" href = "#note26_3">3</a>ad obsidendum stuprum, verum etiam +<a class = "tag" name = "tag26_4" id = "tag26_4" href = +"#note26_4">4</a>ad facinus obeundum, vigilare non solum insidiantem +somno maritorum, verum etiam bonis <a class = "tag" name = "tag26_5" id += "tag26_5" href = "#note26_5">5</a>otiosorum. <a class = "tag" name = +"tag26_6" id = "tag26_6" href = "#note26_6">6</a>Habes, ubi ostentes, +illam tuam praeclaram patientiam famis, frigoris, inopiae verum omnium, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag26_7" id = "tag26_7" href = +"#note26_7">7</a>quibus te brevi tempore conectum senties. +<a name = "sec27" id = "sec27" href = +"#notes_sec27"><b>27.</b></a> <a class = "tag" name = "tag27_1" id += "tag27_1" href = "#note27_1">1</a>Tantum profeci tum, <a class = "tag" +name = "tag27_2" id = "tag27_2" href = "#note27_2">2</a>cum te a +consulatu reppuli, ut <a class = "tag" name = "tag27_3" id = "tag27_3" +href = "#note27_3">3</a>exsul potius tentare quam consul vexare +<span class = "pagenum">23</span> +<a name = "page23" id = "page23"> </a> +rem <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘publiciam’">publicam</ins> posses atque ut id, quod est abs te +scelerate susceptum, latrocinium potius quam bellum nominaretur.</p> + + +<p><a name = "chapXI" id = "chapXI" href = +"#notes_chapXI">XI.</a>—Nunc ut a me, patres conscripti, quandam +prope justam patriae querimoniam <a class = "tag" name = "tag27_4" id = +"tag27_4" href = "#note27_4">4</a>detester ac deprecer, percipite, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag27_5" id = "tag27_5" href = +"#note27_5">5</a>quaeso, diligenter quae dicam, et ea penitus animis +vestris mentibusque mandate. Etenim si mecum patria, quae mihi vita mea +multo carior est, si cuncta Italia, si omnis res publica sic <a class = +"tag" name = "tag27_6" id = "tag27_6" href = "#note27_6">6</a>loquatur; +‘M. Tulli, quid agis? <a class = "tag" name = "tag27_7" id = +"tag27_7" href = "#note27_7">7</a>Tune eum, quem esse hostem comperisti, +quem ducem belli futurum vides, quem exspectari imperatorem in castris +hostium sentis, auctorem sceleris, principem<ins class = "correction" +title = "text has comma"> </ins>conjurationis, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag27_8" id = "tag27_8" href = "#note27_8">8</a>evocatorem servorum et +civium perditorum, exire patiere, ut abs te non <a class = "tag" name = +"tag27_9" id = "tag27_9" href = "#note27_9">9</a>emissus ex urbe, sed +immisus in urbem videatur? Nonne <a class = "tag" name = "tag27_10" id = +"tag27_10" href = "#note27_10">10</a>hunc in vincula duci, non ad mortem +rapi, non summo supplicio <a class = "tag" name = "tag27_11" id = +"tag27_11" href = "#note27_11">11</a>mactari imperabis? +<a name = "sec28" id = "sec28" href = +"#notes_sec28"><b>28.</b></a> Quid <a class = "tag" name = +"tag28_1" id = "tag28_1" href = "#note28_1">1</a>tandem te impedit? +Mosne majorum? <a class = "tag" name = "tag28_2" id = "tag28_2" href = +"#note28_2">2</a>At persaepe etiam privati in hac re publica perniciosos +cives morte multarunt. <a class = "tag" name = "tag28_3" id = "tag28_3" +href = "#note28_3">3</a>An leges, quae de civium Romanorum supplicio +<a class = "tag missing" name = "tag28_4" id = "tag28_4" href = +"#note28_4">4</a>rogatae sunt? At nunquam in hac urbe, qui a re publica +defecerunt, civium jura tenuerunt. An invidiam posteritatis times? +<a class = "tag" name = "tag28_5" id = "tag28_5" href = +"#note28_5">5</a>Praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam, qui te, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag28_6" id = "tag28_6" href = +"#note28_6">6</a>hominem per te cognitum, nulla commendatione majorum +tam mature ad summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit, si +<a class = "tag" name = "tag28_7" id = "tag28_7" href = +"#note28_7">7</a>propter invidiam aut alicujus periculi metum salutem +civium tuorum neglegis. +<a name = "sec29" id = "sec29" href = +"#notes_sec29"><b>29.</b></a> Sed si quis est invidiae metus, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag29_1" id = "tag29_1" href = +"#note29_1">1</a>num est vehementius severitatis ac fortitudinis invidia +quam inertiae ac nequitiae pertimescenda? An cum bello vastabitur +Italia, vexabuntur urbes, tecta ardebunt, tum te non existimas invidiae +incendio conflagraturum<ins class = "correction" title = "close quote missing">?’</ins></p> + + +<p><a name = "chapXII" id = "chapXII" href = +"#notes_chapXII">XII.</a>—His ego sanctissimis rei publicae +vocibus et eorum hominum, qui hoc idem sentiunt, mentibus pauca +<span class = "pagenum">24</span> +<a name = "page24" id = "page24"> </a> +respondebo. Ego, si hoc optimum <a class = "tag" name = "tag29_2" id = +"tag29_2" href = "#note29_2">2</a>factu <a class = "tag" name = +"tag29_3" id = "tag29_3" href = "#note29_3">3</a>judicarem, patres +conscripti, Catilinam morte multari, <a class = "tag" name = "tag29_4" +id = "tag29_4" href = "#note29_4">4</a>unius usuram horae <a class = +"tag" name = "tag29_5" id = "tag29_5" href = "#note29_5">5</a>gladiatori +isti, ad vivendum non dedissem. <a class = "tag" name = "tag29_6" id = +"tag29_6" href = "#note29_6">6</a>Etenim si <a class = "tag" name = +"tag29_7" id = "tag29_7" href = "#note29_7">7</a>summi viri et +clarissimi cives Saturnini et Gracchorum et Flacci et superiorum +complurium sanguine non modo se non contaminarunt, sed etiam <a class = +"tag" name = "tag29_8" id = "tag29_8" href = +"#note29_8">8</a>honestarunt, certe verendum mihi non erat, ne quid hoc +parricida civium interfecto invidiae mihi in posteritatem redundaret. +Quodsi ea mihi maxime impenderet, tamen hoc animo fui semper, ut +invidiam virtute partam gloriam, non invidiam putarem. +<a name = "sec30" id = "sec30" href = +"#notes_sec30"><b>30.</b></a> <a class = "tag" name = "tag30_1" id += "tag30_1" href = "#note30_1">1</a>Quamquam nonnulli sunt in hoc +ordine, <a class = "tag" name = "tag30_2" id = "tag30_2" href = +"#note30_2">2</a>qui aut ea quae imminent non videant, aut quae vident +dissimulent: <a class = "tag" name = "tag30_3" id = "tag30_3" href = +"#note30_3">3</a>qui spem Catilinae mollibus sententiis aluerunt +conjurationemque nascentem non credendo corroboraverunt; quorum +auctoritatem secuti multi, non solum improbi, verum etiam imperiti, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag30_4" id = "tag30_4" href = "#note30_4">4</a>si +in hunc animadvertissem, crudeliter et regie factum esse dicerent. Nunc +intellego, si iste, quo intendit, in Manliana castra <a class = "tag" +name = "tag30_5" id = "tag30_5" href = "#note30_5">5</a>pervenerit, +neminem tam stultum fore qui non videat conjurationem esse factam, +neminem tam improbum qui non fateatur. Hoc autem uno interfecto +intellego hanc rei publicae pestem <a class = "tag" name = "tag30_6" id += "tag30_6" href = "#note30_6">6</a>paulisper reprimi, non in perpetuum +comprimi posse. Quodsi <a class = "tag" name = "tag30_7" id = "tag30_7" +href = "#note30_7">7</a>se ejecerit secumque suos eduxerit et eodem +<a class = "tag" name = "tag30_8" id = "tag30_8" href = +"#note30_8">8</a>ceteros undique collectos naufragos adgregaverit, +exstinguetur atque delebitur non modo haec <a class = "tag" name = +"tag30_9" id = "tag30_9" href = "#note30_9">9</a>tam adulta rei publicae +pestis, verum etiam <ins class = "correction" title = "corrected by hand from ‘strips’">stirps</ins> ac semen malorum omnium.</p> + +<p><a name = "chapXIII" id = "chapXIII" href = +"#notes_chapXIII">XIII.</a>— +<a name = "sec31" id = "sec31" href = "#notes_sec31"><b>31.</b></a> +Etenim <a class = "tag" name = "tag31_1" id = "tag31_1" href = +"#note31_1">1</a>jam diu, patres conscripti, in his periculis +conjurationis insidiisque versamur, sed nescio quo pacto <a class = +"tag" name = "tag31_2" id = "tag31_2" href = "#note31_2">2</a>omnium +scelerum ac veteris furoris et audaciae maturitas in nostri consulatus +tempus erupit. Quodsi <a class = "tag" name = "tag31_3" id = "tag31_3" +href = "#note31_3">3</a>ex tanto latrocinio iste unus tolletur, +videbimur fortasse ad breve quoddam tempus cura et metu esse relevati, +periculum autem residebit et erit inclusum penitus in +<span class = "pagenum">25</span> +<a name = "page25" id = "page25"> </a> +venis atque <a class = "tag" name = "tag31_4" id = "tag31_4" href = +"#note31_4">4</a>in visceribus rei publicae. Ut saepe homines aegri +morbo gravi, <a class = "tag" name = "tag31_5" id = "tag31_5" href = +"#note31_5">5</a>cum aestu febrique jactantur, si aquam gelidam <a class += "tag" name = "tag31_6" id = "tag31_6" href = +"#note31_6">6</a>biberunt, primo relevari videntur, deinde multo gravius +vehementiusque adflictantur, sic hic morbus, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag31_7" id = "tag31_7" href = "#note31_7">7</a>qui est in re publica, +relevatus istius poena, <a class = "tag" name = "tag31_8" id = "tag31_8" +href = "#note31_8">8</a>vehementius vivis reliquis ingravescet. +<a name = "sec32" id = "sec32" href = +"#notes_sec32"><b>32.</b></a> Quare secedant improbi, secernant se +a bonis, unum in locum congregentur, muro denique, id quod saepe jam +dixi, discernantur a nobis: desinant insidiari domi suae consuli, +circumstare tribunal <a class = "tag" name = "tag32_1" id = "tag32_1" +href = "#note32_1">1</a>praetoris urbani, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag32_2" id = "tag32_2" href = "#note32_2">2</a>obsidere cum gladiis +curiam, <a class = "tag" name = "tag32_3" id = "tag32_3" href = +"#note32_3">3</a>malleolos et faces ad inflammandam urbem comparare: sit +denique inscriptum in fronte unius cujusque, <a class = "tag" name = +"tag32_4" id = "tag32_4" href = "#note32_4">4</a>quid de re publica +sentiat. Polliceor vobis hoc, patres conscripti, tantam in nobis +consulibus fore diligentiam, tantam in vobis auctoritatem, tantam in +equitibus Romanis virtutem, tantam in omnibus bonis consensionem, ut +Catilinae profectione <a class = "tag" name = "tag32_5" id = "tag32_5" +href = "#note32_5">5</a>omnia patefacta, inlustrata, oppressa vindicata +esse videatis. +<a name = "sec33" id = "sec33" href = +"#notes_sec33"><b>33.</b></a> <a class = "tag" name = "tag33_1" id += "tag33_1" href = "#note33_1">1</a>Hisce <ins class = "correction" +title = "corrected by hand from ‘omnibus’">ominibus</ins>, Catilina, +<a class = "tag" name = "tag33_2" id = "tag33_2" href = +"#note33_2">2</a>cum summa rei publicae salute, cum tua peste ac +pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui se tecum omni scelere parricidioque +junxerunt, proficiscere ad impium bellum ac nefarium. Tum, <a class = +"tag" name = "tag33_3" id = "tag33_3" href = "#note33_3">3</a>tu, +Juppiter, qui isdem quibus haec urbs <a class = "tag" name = "tag33_4" +id = "tag33_4" href = "#note33_4">4</a>auspiciis a Romulo es +constitutus, quem <a class = "tag" name = "tag33_5" id = "tag33_5" href += "#note33_5">5</a>Statorem hujus urbis atque imperii vere nominamus, +hunc et hujus socios a tuis aris ceterisque templis, a tectis urbis +ac moenibus a vita fortunisque civium <a class = "tag" name = "tag33_6" +id = "tag33_6" href = "#note33_6">6</a>arcebis, et homines bonorum +inimicos, hostes patriae, latrones Italiae, scelerum foedere inter se ac +nefaria societate conjunctos, aeternis suppliciis vivos mortuosque +mactabis.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">26</span> +<a name = "page26" id = "page26"> </a> + +<p><a class = "toplink" href = "#contents">TOP</a></p> + +<h3><a name = "notes" id = "notes">NOTES.</a></h3> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<h5><a name = "notes_chapI" id = "notes_chapI" href = "#chapI"> +CHAPTER I.</a></h5> + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec1" id = "notes_sec1" href = "#sec1">§ +1.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note1_1" id = "note1_1" href = "#tag1_1">1:</a> +<i>quosque—nostra?</i> “How far, then, Catiline, will you trample +upon our patience?” The abrupt opening of the speech shows the feelings +of the orator whose indignation was naturally aroused when the +conspirator dared to appear in the Senate after being declared a public +enemy (<i>hostis patriae</i>). —<i>tandem</i>: “pray:” cp. <span +class = "greek" title = "dêta">δῆτα</span>. —<i>abutere</i>: +a future, as shown by <i>eludet, jactabit</i>. Cicero prefers the +more poetic termination <ins class = "correction" title = "printed with long dashes"><i>-re</i> to <i>-ris</i></ins> in the imperf. and fut. +indic. and in the pres. and impf. subj. pass. In the pres. indic. he +rarely uses it. Madvig. § 114.6. —<i>nostra</i>: Cicero +includes the Senators and Consuls.</p> + +<p><a name = "note1_2" id = "note1_2" href = "#tag1_2">2:</a> +<i>etiam</i>: “still,” belongs to <i>quamdiu</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note1_3" id = "note1_3" href = "#tag1_3">3:</a> +<i>furor iste</i>: note the energy imparted by personifying <i>furor</i> +and <i>audacia</i>. —<i>iste</i> is strictly a pronoun +demonstrative of the second person: <i>iste locus</i>, “the place where +you are standing:” <i>ista verba</i>: “the words you utter.” It often +had a contemptuous meaning in Cicero’s orations.</p> + +<p><a name = "note1_4" id = "note1_4" href = "#tag1_4">4:</a> +<i>eludet</i>: “will turn us into mockery:” a gladiatorial term of +avoiding a thrust by the rapid movement of the body: hence, to baffle, +deceive, and, as here, to mock. <i>Nos</i> is omitted by some +editors.</p> + +<p><a name = "note1_5" id = "note1_5" href = "#tag1_5">5:</a> +<i>quem—audacia</i>: “to what length will your unbridled audacity +proceed?” —<i>quem ad finem</i> = <i>quousque</i> or +<i>quamdiu</i>. According to Schultz <i>quousque</i> puts the more +general question of <i>time</i> and <i>degree</i>: <i>quamdiu</i>, the +more special question, of <i>time</i> only: <i>quem ad finem</i>: of +<i>degree</i> only.</p> + +<p><a name = "note1_6" id = "note1_6" href = "#tag1_6">6:</a> +<i>jactabit</i> = <i>insolenter se efferet: se jactare</i>, “to toss the +head <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘ontemptuously’">contemptuously</ins>,” “to walk with a conceited +swing.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note1_7" id = "note1_7" href = "#tag1_7">7:</a> +<i>nihilne—moverunt?</i> “Have the guards nightly stationed on the +Palatine nothing daunted you? Nothing, the sentinels of the city; +nothing, the trepidation of the people; nothing, the thronging together +of all patriotic (citizens); nothing, this most impregnable place for +convening the Senate; nothing, the countenances and looks of these?” +Observe the emphatic position of <i>nihil</i> in the beginning of +successive clauses (<i>anaphora</i>). —<i>Palatii</i>: the +Palatine hill was adjacent to the Forum. It was +<span class = "pagenum">27</span> +<a name = "page27" id = "page27"> </a> +here that Augustus built a splendid mansion: hence our word +<i>palace</i> from the residence of the emperor built on the +<i>Palatium</i>. In times of danger the Palatium, one of the most +important military posts of the city, was occupied by a guard. +Originally the word meant the “feeding place:” root <i>pal, pascere</i>: +cp. <i>Pales, Palilia</i>. Varro derives it from <i>pal</i>, “to +wander:” cp. <i>palor</i>. It may have been the “common” for cattle in +early days. <i>Vigiliae</i>: under the republic, on emergencies, the +<i>triumviri capitales, aediles</i> or <i>tribuni plebis</i> acting as a +kind of police appointed night watches to keep order. —<i>timor +populi</i>: cp. Sallust. Cat.: C. 31: <i>immutata urbis facies erat: ex +summa laetitia atque lascivia ... repente omnes tristitia invasit</i>. +—<i>bonorum omnium</i>: with <i>bonus</i>: cp. <span class = +"greek" title = "agathos">ἀγαθός</span>, often used in the sense of +“patriotic,” opposed to <i>malus civis</i>, <span class = "greek" title += "kakos">κακός</span>: “unpatriotic.” —<i>locus</i>: the Senate +was usually convened on the Kalends, Nones and Ides of each month, and +the meeting usually held in the Curia Hostilia. Extraordinary meetings +(<i>senatus indictus</i>) as the present one were convened in some +temple, or other place consecrated by the augurs. The present meeting +was held in the temple of Juppiter Stator, near the <i>via sacra</i>, at +the foot of the Palatine, which might be said to be <i>munitissimus</i> +from the special guard there as well as from its position. —<i>ora +vultusque</i>: the former denotes the natural and habitual state, as +expressed by the mouth and the lower part of the face: while the latter +indicates the temporary and changing state, as expressed by the motion +of the eye and brow.</p> + +<p><a name = "note1_8" id = "note1_8" href = "#tag1_8">8:</a> +<i>constrictam—vides</i>: “do you not see that your conspiracy has +already come within the privity of all these?” literally, “is held bound +by.” Orelli distinguishes between <i>non</i> and <i>nonne</i> in direct +questions. Where <i>non</i> is used, the speaker, sure of his opinion, +does not heed the answer of the opponent; where <i>nonne</i> is used, +the speaker expects and wishes that the person questioned will agree +with him. —<i>constrictam teneri</i>: the metaphor is taken from +chaining a wild beast to which he here compares the conspiracy.</p> + +<p><a name = "note1_9" id = "note1_9" href = "#tag1_9">9:</a> +<i>proxima</i>: this speech was delivered November 8th: so <i>nox +proxima</i> would be the night of 7th: <i>nox superior</i>, the night of +the 6th, also called <i>nox prior</i>, § 8. On this occasion they +were at the house of M. Porcius Laeca. What they did on the <i>nox +proxima</i> we are not informed. —<i>egeris, fueris, convocaveris, +ceperis</i>: subjunctive of dependent question: H. 529, I.</p> + +<p><a name = "note1_10" id = "note1_10" href = "#tag1_10">10:</a> +<i>nostrûm</i>: distinguish <i>nostrum</i> <ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads ‘uses’">used</ins> partitively and <i>nostri</i> +used possessively.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec2" id = "notes_sec2" href = "#sec2">§ +2.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note2_1" id = "note2_1" href = "#tag2_1">1:</a> +<i>vivit? immo vero</i>: Cicero often connects a word by putting that +word in the form of a question with or without +<span class = "pagenum">28</span> +<a name = "page28" id = "page28"> </a> +<i>dicam</i> and answering it by <i>immo</i>. According to Madvig, +(§ 454) <i>immo</i> corrects a former statement as being quite +inaccurate, or too weak, though true as far as it goes. —<i>immo +vero</i>: “nay, indeed.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note2_2" id = "note2_2" href = "#tag2_2">2:</a> +<i>in senatum venit</i>: as <i>vir praetorius</i> Catiline had a right +to enter the Senate.</p> + +<p><a name = "note2_3" id = "note2_3" href = "#tag2_3">3:</a> +<i>notat et designat</i>: a metaphor from the marking of the animals +appointed for sacrifice. Cicero often uses synonymous words to impress +the idea more strongly: “he marks and stamps each one of us for +slaughter:” cp. Leg. Man. 3, 7. <i>Cives Romanes necandos +trucidandosque denotavit.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note2_4" id = "note2_4" href = "#tag2_4">4:</a> +<i>viri fortes</i>: ironical.</p> + +<p><a name = "note2_5" id = "note2_5" href = "#tag2_5">5:</a> +<i>videmur</i>, scil. <i>nobis</i>: “we fancy that we are doing our duty +to the state.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note2_6" id = "note2_6" href = "#tag2_6">6:</a> +<i>si—vitemus</i>: for the subj. in <i>protasis</i>, and indic. in +<i>apodosis</i>, see H. 511.</p> + +<p><a name = "note2_7" id = "note2_7" href = "#tag2_7">7:</a> +<i>ad mortem—opportebat</i>: “to death long ago, O Catiline, +ought you to have been dragged by the order of the consul?” Note the +emphatic position of <i>ad mortem. —duci</i>: for the present inf: +see. H., 537, I. —<i>jussu consulis</i>: the Senate had entrusted +the safety of the State by the <i>decretum ultimum</i> (<i>videant +consules, ne quid detrimenti respublica capiat</i>). By the power vested +in the consuls in consequence of this decree they had the power to put +Catiline to death.</p> + +<p><a name = "note2_8" id = "note2_8" href = "#tag2_8">8:</a> +<i>in te—machinaris</i>: “On you should that ruin long since have +been hurled which you for a long time have been plotting against us +all.” Join <i>jampridem</i> from the previous clause with +<i>conferri</i>. The present tense in Latin with <i>jamdiu</i> includes +past tense: cf. <span class = "greek" title = "palai legô">πάλαι +λέγω</span>, <i>jamdiu dico</i>: “I have long ago told you and do +so still.” —<i>machinari</i>; <span class = "greek" title = +"mêchanasthai">μηχανᾶσθαι</span>, to plan by <i>artful</i> and +<i>secret</i> means: <i>moliri</i>, to plan by <i>strong</i> effort.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec3" id = "notes_sec3" href = "#sec3">§ +3.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note3_1" id = "note3_1" href = "#tag3_1">1:</a> +<i>An vero</i>: the original force of <i>an</i> is “or,” and when used +interrogatively the sentence is elliptical. Here we may supply: “Am I +right in my conjecture or, in fact, did that illustrious man, +P. Scipio, chief pontiff, though filling no magistracy, slay +Tiberius Gracchus when slightly disturbing the settled order of the +State.” We may conveniently translate here <i>an vero</i> by: “while, in +fact.” The argument here is <i>a minore ad majus</i>. P. Cornelius +Scipio Nasica consul with D. Junius Brutus 138 B.C. Cicero +probably adds <i>pontifex maximus</i> to remind his hearers of the high +dignity and prudence which a man gifted with this office would possess. +He also uses <i>privatus</i> because in contrast to <i>consules</i>, the +office of <i>pontifex maximus</i> not being a <i>magistratus</i>. +<i>Tiberium Gracchum</i>: +<span class = "pagenum">29</span> +<a name = "page29" id = "page29"> </a> +see Proper Names —<i>mediocriter labefactantem</i>: Cicero +designedly extenuates the guilt of Gracchus to heighten the crimes of +Catiline. In fact, the orator represents the guilt of Gracchus in +different lights according to the exigencies of his cause: cp. De Leg. +Ag., 2, 5, 10: De Off. II., 12, 43. <i>Catilinam</i>: emphatic position: +“Catiline, desiring to devastate the world with sword and fire shall we +consuls tolerate?” —<i>orbis terrae</i>: there is little +difference between <i>orbis terrae</i> and <i>orbis terrarum</i>. +—<i>caede atque incendiis</i>: also <i>ferro et igni</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note3_2" id = "note3_2" href = "#tag3_2">2:</a> +<i>illa</i>: “the following instance:” though only the case of Ahala is +mentioned, the plural is probably used to intimate that other cases +might be adduced.</p> + +<p><a name = "note3_3" id = "note3_3" href = "#tag3_3">3:</a> +<i>C. Servilius Ahala</i>: see Proper Names.</p> + +<p><a name = "note3_4" id = "note3_4" href = "#tag3_4">4:</a> +<i>novis—studentem</i>: “aiming to overturn the government:” cp. +<span class = "greek" title = "neôterizein">νεωτερίζειν</span>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note3_5" id = "note3_5" href = "#tag3_5">5:</a> +<i>fuit-fuit</i>: note the emphatic repetition of the word +(<i>epizeuxis</i>). +—<i>ista virtus</i>: here <i>ista</i> = <i>illa</i>: “that +well-known public spirit:” We may take <i>virtus</i> = <i>amor +patriae</i>: “patriotism.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note3_6" id = "note3_6" href = "#tag3_6">6:</a> +<i>ut—coercerent</i>: “that brave men inflicted severer punishment +on a factious citizen then on the bitterest foe” +—<i>suppliciis</i>: abl. means.</p> + +<p><a name = "note3_7" id = "note3_7" href = "#tag3_7">7:</a> +<i>senatus consultum</i>: the decree arming the consuls with civil and +military power. The formula was <i>videant consules ne quid respublica +detrimenti capiat</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note3_8" id = "note3_8" href = "#tag3_8">8:</a> +<i>vehemens et grave</i>: “full of force and severity.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note3_9" id = "note3_9" href = "#tag3_9">9:</a> +<i>rei publicae</i>: generally taken as a dative after <i>deest</i>: +others take it as a genitive depending on <i>consilium</i>, i.e., there +is no lack of precedents of the state, i.e., the state have many +instances of wicked citizens being punished. The state, according to +Cicero, has enough of wisdom (<i>consilium</i>) and determining +authority (<i>auctoritas</i>), but the executive power is weak.</p> + +<p class = "mynote"><a name = "note3_10" id = "note3_10" href = +"#tag3_10">10:</a> +<i>nos, nos, dico</i>: There is no note corresponding to these +words.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "notes_chapII" id = "notes_chapII" href = "#chapII"> +CHAPTER II.</a></h5> + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec4" id = "notes_sec4" href = "#sec4">§ +4.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note4_1" id = "note4_1" href = "#tag4_1">1:</a> +<i>quondam</i>: B.C. 121: see <i>C. Gracchus</i>, in Proper Names. +In a decree of this kind both consuls were named. The other, +Q. Fabius, was at that time in that part of Gaul known afterwards +as Provincia, and his absence from Rome may account for the omission of +his name from the decree.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_2" id = "note4_2" href = "#tag4_2">2:</a> +<i>intercessit</i>: i.e., between the passing of the decree and the +death of Gracchus.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_3" id = "note4_3" href = "#tag4_3">3:</a> +<i>propter—suspiciones</i>: another case of extenuation to bring +out more vividly the guilt of Catiline. Distinguish <i>suspĭcĭo, +suspīcĭo</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">30</span> +<a name = "page30" id = "page30"> </a> +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘5’"><a name = +"note4_4" id = "note4_4" href = "#tag4_4">4:</a></ins> +<i>patre-majoribus</i>, scil. <i>ortus</i>: abl. of origin. The father +of C. Sempronius Gracchus was Tib. Sempronius Gracchus, who twice +held the consulship (B.C. 177, and B.C. 163), the censorship +(169 B.C.), twice enjoyed a triumph, once over the Celtiberians, +178 B.C., and once over the Sardinians, 175 B.C. The mother of +the Gracchi was Cornelia, daughter of P. Scipio Africanus Major, +who defeated Hannibal at Zama B.C. 202. Thus Gracchus united in +himself two of the noblest families in Rome.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_5" id = "note4_5" href = "#tag4_5">5:</a> +<i>M. Fulvius</i>: one of the commissioners appointed to carry out the +<i>lex agraria</i> of C. Gracchus. He was killed with his eldest +son in the fray in which Gracchus was slain. The youngest son was killed +after the conflict.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_6" id = "note4_6" href = "#tag4_6">6:</a> +<i>simili-publica</i>: some omit the commas after <i>senatusconsulto</i> +and <i>consulibus</i> and thus make <i>Mario, Valerio</i> datives; +others retain the commas and make these words ablative absolute. The +event happened in the sixth consulship of Marius, B.C. 102. Lucius +Saturninus and C. Servilius Glaucia were guilty of killing +C. Memmius who was seeking the consulship. Both Saturninus and +Glaucia were driven into the Capitol and put to death.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_7" id = "note4_7" href = "#tag4_7">7:</a> +<i>num—est?</i> “Did the punishment of death inflicted by the +state cause L. Saturninus, the tribune of the people, and +C. Servilius, the praetor, to wait for a single day?” +—<i>mors ac rei publicae poena</i> = <i>mortis poena a re publica +inflicta</i>. —<i>at vero</i>: “but we assuredly.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_8" id = "note4_8" href = "#tag4_8">8:</a> +<i>vicesimum diem</i>: the 18th day since the <i>senatus consultum</i> +was passed. The decree was passed Oct. 21st and this oration was +delivered Nov. 8th. The Romans, however, reckoned both days.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_9" id = "note4_9" href = "#tag4_9">9:</a> +<i>aciei</i>: “the edge:” root <i>ac</i>: “sharp.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_10" id = "note4_10" href = "#tag4_10">10:</a> +<i>inclusum in tabulis</i>: “shut up among our records” i.e. +a useless decree unless carried into effect.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_11" id = "note4_11" href = "#tag4_11">11:</a> +<i>quo—convenit</i>: “and in accordance with this decree, you, +O Catiline, should be at once put to death:” with <i>confestim</i>: +cp. <i>festino</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_12" id = "note4_12" href = "#tag4_12">12:</a> +<i>et vivis</i>: rhetorical for <i>et vivis quidem</i> or <i>idque</i>. +—<i>cupio—cupio</i>: “I desire, on the one +hand,—I am anxious, on the other.” —The acc. of pronouns +gives more prominence to the circumstance wished by disconnecting it +from the <i>cupio</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_13" id = "note4_13" href = "#tag4_13">13:</a> +<i>dissolutus</i>: “remiss,” “forgetful of duty.” Synonymous with +<i>neglegens</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4_14" id = "note4_14" href = "#tag4_14">14:</a> +<i>inertiae nequitiaeque</i>: “of sloth and irresolution.”</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">31</span> +<a name = "page31" id = "page31"> </a> +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec5" id = "notes_sec5" href = "#sec5">§ +5.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note5_1" id = "note5_1" href = "#tag5_1">1:</a> +<i>castra—collocata</i>: “a camp is pitched,” at Faesulae (now +<i>Fiesole</i>), which lies on a spur of the western slope of the +Appenines, not far from Florence. At this place Manlius had collected a +number of soldiers who had served under Sulla.</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "extraneous header § 7 printed here"> </ins></p> + +<p>The term <i>fauces</i>, literally “jaws,” is often used for a +mountain pass: cp. Scott: Lady of the Lake: “Led slowly through the +pass’s jaws.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note5_2" id = "note5_2" href = "#tag5_2">2:</a> +<i>in dies singulos</i>: “daily,” always joined to some word of +comparative force and expressing daily increase or diminution: +<i>cottidie</i>, simply daily repetition. —<i>imperatorem +ducemque: imperator</i>, a military leader deriving his authority +from the Senate: <i>dux</i>, simply a leader.</p> + +<p><a name = "note5_3" id = "note5_3" href = "#tag5_3">3:</a> +<i>adeo in Senatu</i>: “in the very Senate,” or as Zumpt (§ 737) +takes it, “nay more,” “nay even in the Senate.”</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "printed as part of note 3"><a name += "note5_4" id = "note5_4" href = "#tag5_4">4:</a></ins> +<i>jam</i>: “now at once.” —<i>jussero</i>: the fut. pf. often +represents the speedy accomplishment of a fut. action.</p> + +<p><a name = "note5_5" id = "note5_5" href = "#tag5_5">5:</a> +<i>credo</i>: used ironically: cp. <span class = "greek" title = +"oiomai">οἴομαι</span>. Here the word may be equivalent to <i>non erit +verendum</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note5_6" id = "note5_6" href = "#tag5_6">6:</a> +<i>verendum mihi</i>, etc.: “I shall have to fear (i.e. I am +convinced) that all patriots will regard your death as occuring too +late, rather than as too severe and cruel,” or as <ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘Wilkin’s’">Wilkins</ins> translates: +“Certainly it is more likely that all patriots will consider this action +too late, than that anyone should consider it too cruel.” Explain +<i>quisquam</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note5_7" id = "note5_7" href = "#tag5_7">7:</a> +<i>certe—adducor</i>: “for a certain reason, I am not yet led +to do:” i.e. the fear of punishing Catiline before his guilt was fully +ascertained lest he might pass for an injured man with his sympathizers. +Cicero’s object was to cause Catiline and his associates to leave +Rome.</p> + +<p><a name = "note5_8" id = "note5_8" href = "#tag5_8">8:</a> +<i>interficiere</i>: i.e. “you will <ins class = "correction" title = +"word missing">be</ins> ordered to be put to death.” Others read +<i>interficiam te</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note5_9" id = "note5_9" href = "#tag5_9">9:</a> +<i>tui similis</i>: <i>similis</i> in Cicero generally takes <i>genitive +or dative</i> of persons: <i>dative</i> of things.</p> + +<p><a name = "note5_10" id = "note5_10" href = "#tag5_10">10:</a> +<i>qui</i> = <i>ut is</i>: “as not to confess that it was justly +inflicted.” —<i>id</i>, i.e. <i>te interficiam</i> from +<i>interficiere</i> before.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec6" id = "notes_sec6" href = "#sec6">§ +6.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note6_1" id = "note6_1" href = "#tag6_1">1:</a> +<i>quisquam</i>: for use, see H. 457.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_2" id = "note6_2" href = "#tag6_2">2:</a> +<i>multis—oppressus</i>: “beset by many powerful guards placed by +me:” note the idiom. Cicero had guards placed not only in the capital, +but also throughout Italy.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_3" id = "note6_3" href = "#tag6_3">3:</a> +<i>te commovere</i>: “to make any farther movement:” a metaphor +taken from the gladiatorial contests.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_4" id = "note6_4" href = "#tag6_4">4:</a> +<i>fecerunt</i> = <i>speculati sunt et custodiverunt</i>: the verb +<i>facio</i> in Latin, and <span class = "greek" title = "poieô [printed ποιεώ with incorrect accent]">ποιέω</span> in Greek, and <i>do</i> in +English, are often used as substitutes for other verbs.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">32</span> +<a name = "page32" id = "page32"> </a> +<h5><a name = "notes_chapIII" id = "notes_chapIII" href = "#chapIII"> +CHAPTER III.</a></h5> + +<p><a name = "note6_5" id = "note6_5" href = "#tag6_5">5:</a> +<i>Etenim—potest?</i> This gives a reason for the clause <i>sed +vives—possis</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_6" id = "note6_6" href = "#tag6_6">6:</a> +<i>exspectes</i>: H. 503, I.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_7" id = "note6_7" href = "#tag6_7">7:</a> +<i>coeptus nefarios</i>: “your traitorous attempts:” another reading is +<i>coetus</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_8" id = "note6_8" href = "#tag6_8">8:</a> +<i>privata domus</i>: the house of M. Porcius Laeca.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_9" id = "note6_9" href = "#tag6_9">9:</a> +<i>parietibus</i>: abl. means. Distinguish <i>moenia</i> (root +<i>mun</i>, to defend: cp. <span class = "greek" title = +"amunein">ἀμύνειν</span><ins class = "correction" title = "close parenthesis missing">),</ins> the walls of a city for defensive +purposes: <i>murus</i> (= <i>mun-rus</i>), any kind of wall: +<i>paries</i> (root <i>par</i>, to separate): the partition walls of a +house: <i>maceria</i>, a garden wall.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_10" id = "note6_10" href = "#tag6_10">10:</a> +<i>voces conjurationis</i> = <i>voces conjuratorum</i>: “the voices of +the conspirators:” Cicero often uses abstract for concrete terms.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_11" id = "note6_11" href = "#tag6_11">11:</a> +<i>inlustrantur</i> opposed to <i>obscurare</i> as <i>erumpunt</i> to +<i>domus ... continet</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_12" id = "note6_12" href = "#tag6_12">12:</a> +<i>istam mentem</i>: “that resolve of thine,” i.e. of remaining in the +city to murder the people.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_13" id = "note6_13" href = "#tag6_13">13:</a> +<i>mihi crede</i> = <i>me sequere</i>: “follow my advice:” <i>mihi +crede</i> is the common order in Cicero: <i>crede mihi</i> in other +writers.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_14" id = "note6_14" href = "#tag6_14">14:</a> +<i>teneris undique</i>: “you are hemmed in (i.e. convicted) on every +hand.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note6_15" id = "note6_15" href = "#tag6_15">15:</a> +<i>quae—recognoscas</i>: “and these plans you may now review with +me:” Construe: <i>quae</i> (= <i>et haec</i>, scil. +<i>consilia</i>) <i>licit</i> (<i>tibi ut</i>) <i>recognoscas jam +mecum</i>.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec7" id = "notes_sec7" href = "#sec7">§ +7.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note7_1" id = "note7_1" href = "#tag7_1">1:</a> +<i>meministine</i> = <i>nonne meministi</i>: the particle <i>-ne</i> +added to a verb has sometimes in Cicero the force of <i>nonne</i>. Cp. +Cat. Major, C. 10. <i>videtisne</i> = <i>nonne videtis</i>. So +frequently in Terence, Plautus, and in colloquial Latin: H. 396, II. +<span class = "smallcaps">i</span>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note7_2" id = "note7_2" href = "#tag7_2">2:</a> +<i>ante-Novembres</i>: “on the 12th day before the Kalends of November,” +i.e. on October 21st. This anomolous mode of expression probably arose +from the transposition of <i>ante</i>. Having one written <i>ante die +duodecimo Kalendas</i>, they would easily be led to infer that +<i>ante</i> governed <i>die</i> and so would write <i>ante diem +duodecimum Kalendas</i>. For the method of computation of time among the +Romans, see H. 642.</p> + +<p><a name = "note7_3" id = "note7_3" href = "#tag7_3">3:</a> +<i>certo die, qui dies</i>: the repetition of the subst. after the +relation may be explained on the ground of clearness.</p> + +<p><a name = "note7_4" id = "note7_4" href = "#tag7_4">4:</a> +<i>audaciae—tuae</i>: “the partisan and agent of your audacious +schemes.” The words <i>satelles</i> and <i>administer</i> are +synonymous, +<span class = "pagenum">33</span> +<a name = "page33" id = "page33"> </a> +the former being more poetical and explained by the latter, which is the +more common.</p> + +<p><a name = "note7_5" id = "note7_5" href = "#tag7_5">5:</a> +<i>num—dies?</i> “was I, O Catiline, ignorant not merely of an +attempt so enormous, so wicked, so surpassing belief, but, a thing +which is more to be wondered at, of the day?” —<i>me fallit</i>: +cf. <i>latet me</i>, <span class = "greek" title = "lanthanei me">λανθάνει με</span>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note7_6" id = "note7_6" href = "#tag7_6">6:</a> +<i>caedem—Novembres</i>: “that you had fixed the 28th October for +the slaughter of the nobles.” The construction is <i>in diem quintum +ante Kalendas Novembres</i>. Predetermination of future time is often +expressed by <i>in</i> with acc.: as <i>in diem posterum senatum +convocavit</i>, not “he summoned the Senate <i>on</i> the next day,” but +“<i>for</i> the next day.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note7_7" id = "note7_7" href = "#tag7_7">7:</a> +<i>optimatium</i>: is the only word, not a proper name, in <i>-at</i>, +that makes the gen. pl. in <i>-ium</i>. <i>Roma</i>: Give rules for the +construction of the names of towns.</p> + +<p><a name = "note7_8" id = "note7_8" href = "#tag7_8">8:</a> +<i>sui conservandi</i>: <i>sui</i> like <i>nostri, vestri</i> is not a +gen. pl. but a gen. sing. of an adj. used collectively and abstractly: +“not for self-preservation:” Madvig, 297, b. c.: 417.</p> + +<p><a name = "note7_9" id = "note7_9" href = "#tag7_9">9:</a> +<i>reprimendorum</i>: here used in the sense of <i>impediendorum</i><ins +class = "correction" title = "text has superfluous close quote">: +</ins>“of preventing your plans being carried out.” This is probably a +rhetorical flourish on the part of Cicero, as no such fact is mentioned +by Sallust. Among those who fled, according to Plutarch, was +M. Crassus. <i>num—dicebas!</i> “Can you deny that on that +very day, beset by the guards I had placed, by my watchfulness, you +could take not one step against the state, when on the departure of the +others you, nevertheless, expressed yourself satisfied with the murder +of us who remained?” —<i>discessu ceterorum</i>: the ablative here +supplies the place of a participial abl. absol. +—<i>nostra—caede—qui</i>: the relative is made to +refer to an antecedent implied in <i>nostra</i>: H. 445, 6. +—<i>quum</i>: is often used by Cicero in the impf. indic. when the +bare notion of time or of continuance is to be expressed. +—<i>remansissemus</i>: virtual oblique narrative: hence the +subjunctive.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec8" id = "notes_sec8" href = "#sec8">§ +8.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note8_1" id = "note8_1" href = "#tag8_1">1:</a> +<i>quid</i>: “further”: lit. “what shall I say?” scil. <i>dicam</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_2" id = "note8_2" href = "#tag8_2">2:</a> +<i>te—occupaturum</i>: “that you would anticipate us in seizing +Praeneste in an attack by night on the first of November.” With +<i>occupare</i>: cp. <span class = "greek" title = +"phthanein">φθάνειν</span>: no other writer mentions this fact. +—<i>ipsis</i>: <i>ipse</i> denotes exactness in temporal +expressions: <i>triginta ipsi dies</i>, “exactly thirty days.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_3" id = "note8_3" href = "#tag8_3">3:</a> +<i>sensistisne</i> = <i>nonne sensistis</i>: see <a href = +"#note7_1">note 1, § 7</a>, above.</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_4" id = "note8_4" href = "#tag8_4">4:</a> +<i>praesidium</i>, a guard in a general sense: <i>custodiae</i>, watches +on the wall: <i>vigiliae</i>, night watches.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">34</span> +<a name = "page34" id = "page34"> </a> +<p><a name = "note8_5" id = "note8_5" href = "#tag8_5">5:</a> +<i>nihil—nihil, nihil</i>: see <a href = "#note1_7">note 7, +§ 1</a>. “There is nothing you do, nothing you plan, nothing you +think which I do not hear only, but also see or clearly perceive.” Some +read <i>non modo</i> for <i>non modo non</i>, which the senses +requires.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "notes_chapIV" id = "notes_chapIV" href = "#chapIV"> +CHAPTER IV.</a></h5> + +<p><a name = "note8_6" id = "note8_6" href = "#tag8_6">6:</a> +<i>tandem</i>: see <a href = "#note1_1">note 1, § 1</a>. The +orator implies by this particle the fulness of his knowledge.</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "number missing"> +<a name = "note8_7" id = "note8_7" href = "#tag8_7">7:</a></ins> +<i>noctem illam superiorem</i>: “the events on the night preceding the +last:” i.e., the events on the night of the 6th November, when the +meeting was held at the house of M. Porcius Laeca. +—<i>illam</i> here does duty for the definite article in +English.</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_8" id = "note8_8" href = "#tag8_8">8:</a> +<i>jam—reipublicae</i>: “You shall presently perceive that I am +much more actively watchful for the safety of the state than you are for +its destruction” —<i>intelliges</i>: what compounds of +<i>-lego</i> have <i>lexi</i> in the perfect? —<i>acrius</i>?</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_9" id = "note8_9" href = "#tag8_9">9:</a> +<i>dico</i>: this passage is executed with fine skill. At first the +orator states the fact clearly and briefly. He notes the effect on the +conspirator and calls for an answer: after no reply is given, Cicero +goes into details.</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_10" id = "note8_10" href = "#tag8_10">10:</a> +<i>priore nocte</i>: “on the night preceding (the last)”: a change +for <i>superiore nocte</i>. Others say it means <i>initio +noctis</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_11" id = "note8_11" href = "#tag8_11">11:</a> +<i>inter falcarios</i>, scil. <i>opifices</i>: “through the scythe +makers’ street:” a street in Rome deriving its name from the +occupation of its inhabitants. Cp. Isocr. Areopag. § 48: <span +class = "greek" title = "en tais aulêtrisin">ἐν ταῖς αὐλητρίσιν</span>: +Livy, 35, 43: <i>inter lignarios</i> “in the woodcutters’ street.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_12" id = "note8_12" href = "#tag8_12">12:</a> +<i>in—domum</i>: is the preposition necessary?</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_13" id = "note8_13" href = "#tag8_13">13:</a> +<i>complures</i>: Sallust (Cat. 17) gives the names of eleven senators +who were present on this occasion.</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_14" id = "note8_14" href = "#tag8_14">14:</a> +<i>amentiae</i>: distinguish <i>amentia</i> and <i>dementia</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note8_15" id = "note8_15" href = "#tag8_15">15:</a> +<i>convincam</i>: “I will prove it.”</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec9" id = "notes_sec9" href = "#sec9">§ +9.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note9_1" id = "note9_1" href = "#tag9_1">1:</a> +<i>ubinam gentium sumus!</i> This phrase is very much the same as ours, +“where in the world are we?” It is often used in rhetorical writings and +in the comic poets. For the partitive genitive, see H. 397, 4.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_2" id = "note9_2" href = "#tag9_2">2:</a> +<i>hic, hic</i>: Epizeuxis: note the emphatic repetition.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_3" id = "note9_3" href = "#tag9_3">3:</a> +<i>patres conscripti</i>: said to be for <i>patres et conscripti</i>. +The senators were called <i>patres</i>. In the wars of the early +republic many were killed. To fill the place of those slain some were +summoned (<i>conscripti</i>.) Hence the original senators—those +summoned—were addressed as <i>patres et conscripti</i>: afterwards +the <i>et</i> was omitted.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">35</span> +<a name = "page35" id = "page35"> </a> +<p><a name = "note9_4" id = "note9_4" href = "#tag9_4">4:</a> +<i>in—consilio</i>: “in this most venerable and respectable +assembly of the whole world.” The term <i>sanctus</i> applied to the +senate may refer to the building in which it was convened. The usual +distinction between <i>consilium</i> and <i>concilium</i>, that the +former means advice, plans, while the latter means an assemblage, with +regard to those who compose it, does not hold good. The roots of these +words are different, <i>consilium</i>: from <i>con</i>, <i>sed</i>, to +sit: cp. <i>sedes</i>, <i>solium</i>, <span class = "greek" title = +"hedos">ἕδος</span>; for the change of <i>d</i> to <i>l</i>: cp. <span +class = "greek" title = "dakru">δάκρυ</span>, lacrima; <i>olere</i>, +<i>odere</i>. —<i>concilium</i>: <i>con</i>, <i>cal</i>, to +summon: cp. <i>Kalendae</i>, <i>calare</i>, <span class = "greek" title += "kalein">καλεῖν</span>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_5" id = "note9_5" href = "#tag9_5">5:</a> +<i>qui—cogitent</i>: “(are men so nefarious) as to plan the +destruction of every one of us, and the ruin of this city and further of +the whole world.” —<i>qui</i> = <i>tales ut. —adeo</i>: +literally, “up to this point:” then, “in fact.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_6" id = "note9_6" href = "#tag9_6">6:</a> +<i>sententiam rogo</i>: supply <i>hos</i> from the preceding. +<i>Sententiam <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘vogo’">rogo</ins></i> is said of the presiding magistrate who, in +proposing a <i>senatus consultum</i>, asked individually the will of the +senators.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_7" id = "note9_7" href = "#tag9_7">7:</a> +<i>vulnero</i>: by mentioning their names publicly.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_8" id = "note9_8" href = "#tag9_8">8:</a> +<i>igitur</i>: resumes (<i>analeptic</i>) the argument referring to the +question, <i>num rogare audes?</i> Catiline had left this unanswered. +Having been interrupted by the outbreak of his indignation, the orator +now returns to the doings of the conspirators at the house of Laeca.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_9" id = "note9_9" href = "#tag9_9">9:</a> +<i>distribuisti</i>: Sallust (C. 27) informs us that C. Manlius was +sent to Faesulae, and the adjoining territory of Etruria: Septimius, +into the Picene territory: C. Julius, into Apulia.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_10" id = "note9_10" href = "#tag9_10">10:</a> +<i>statuisti—placeret</i>: scil: <i>locum</i>: “you appointed the +place to which it was agreed on that each should set out:” For +subjunctive in <i>placeret</i>, see H. 529, I.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_11" id = "note9_11" href = "#tag9_11">11:</a> +<i>delegisti—educeres</i>: “you picked out those whom you were to +leave at Rome, whom you were to take with you.” Sallust (Cat. C. 43) +says that Statilius and Gabinius were to set fire to the city, and +Cethegus was to assassinate Cicero, and Lentulus to superintend the +general massacre.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_12" id = "note9_12" href = "#tag9_12">12:</a> +<i>discripsisti</i>: <i>discribo</i> is used where the fundamental +notion is to map out, plan, arrange, put in order, as +<i>distribuere</i>, <i>dividere</i>, <i>disponere</i>: <i>describo</i> +is to write down, to compose. Sallust (Cat. C. 43) says that the +conspirators were to fire twelve (Plutarch says a hundred) parts of the +city at one and the same time. For <i>discripsisti</i>: cf. Cic. Pro +Sulla, 8: <i>Tam Catilina dies exurendi tum caeteris manendi +conditio, tum discriptio totam per orbem caedis atque incendiorum +constituta est</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_13" id = "note9_13" href = "#tag9_13">13:</a> +<i>paullulum—morae</i>: “that you still had even now a slight +cause of delay.” <i>Paullulus</i> is a dual diminutive for +<i>paurululus</i> = +<span class = "pagenum">36</span> +<a name = "page36" id = "page36"> </a> +<i>paullulus</i>: <i>u</i> being omitted before the first <i>l</i> and +the <i>r</i> assimilated: cp. <i>sterula</i> = <i>stella</i>. +—<i>viverem</i>: subj.: giving the opinion of Catiline.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_14" id = "note9_14" href = "#tag9_14">14:</a> +<i>etiam tum</i>: is used to express the words of Catilina, not those of +Cicero.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_15" id = "note9_15" href = "#tag9_15">15:</a> +<i>duo equites</i>: according to Cic. (Pro Sulla, 18, 52) one was +C. Cornelius: Sallust (Cat. C. 18) mentions the Senator +L. Vargunteius as the other.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_16" id = "note9_16" href = "#tag9_16">16:</a> +<i>qui—liberarent</i>: “to free you from the fear you had:” +<i>qui</i> = <i>tales ut</i>.</p> + +<p><i>illa ipsa nocte</i>: these knights were to pay their intended +visit in the morning, where the Roman magistrates and distinguished men +held their audiences and received their clients.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9_17" id = "note9_17" href = "#tag9_17">17:</a> +<i>lectulo</i>: the diminutive here has scarcely any force. There may be +a slight reference to its comfort: “my dear bed.”</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec10" id = "notes_sec10" href = "#sec10">§ +10.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note10_1" id = "note10_1" href = "#tag10_1">1:</a> +<i>vixdum—dimisso</i>: “when your meeting was hardly as yet +broken up.”</p> + +<p><i>Comperi</i>: Cicero gained his knowledge from Curius and Fulvia +(Sall. Cat. C. 28). According to Merivale, Cicero used <i>comperio</i> +when he was wont to indicate his knowledge of facts, though afraid of +revealing the sources of his information. The word does not always have +this force.</p> + +<p><a name = "note10_2" id = "note10_2" href = "#tag10_2">2:</a> +<i>salutatum</i>: supine after a verb of motion. What different ways of +expressing a purpose in Latin?</p> + +<p><a name = "note10_3" id = "note10_3" href = "#tag10_3">3:</a> +<i>mane</i>: another form is <i>mani</i>: cp. <i>luci</i>, <i>heri</i>, +locatives.</p> + +<p><a name = "note10_4" id = "note10_4" href = "#tag10_4">4:</a> +<i>id temporis</i>: for partitive genitive: H. 397, note 5.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "notes_chapV" id = "notes_chapV" href = "#chapV"> +CHAPTER V.</a></h5> + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec11" id = "notes_sec11" href = "#sec11">§ +11.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note11_1" id = "note11_1" href = "#tag11_1">1:</a> +<i>quae—sint</i>: “since these facts are so:” often used to sum up +a chain of facts founded on evidence.</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_2" id = "note11_2" href = "#tag11_2">2:</a> +<i>perge quo coepisti</i>, scil. <i>pergere</i>: “proceed as you have +begun.” Conjugate <i>pergere</i>.</p> + +<p><i>desiderant</i>: “feel the loss of.” <i>desiderare</i>, to feel the +loss of an object of love or sympathy: hence “to yearn after;” +<i>requirere</i>: to feel the loss of a thing, as an act of the +understanding.</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_3" id = "note11_3" href = "#tag11_3">3:</a> +<i>si minus</i> = <i>si non</i>. Construe: <i>si minus (educis omnes, +educ) quam plurimos (educere potes)</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_4" id = "note11_4" href = "#tag11_4">4:</a> +<i>dummodo—intersit</i>: cp. Plutarch (Cicero 16): “and Cicero +arising ordered him to leave the city; for while he himself +<span class = "pagenum">37</span> +<a name = "page37" id = "page37"> </a> +carried on his political contest by words and Catiline by arms, there +must needs be a city wall between them.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_5" id = "note11_5" href = "#tag11_5">5:</a> +<i>non—sinam</i>: note the <i>anaphora</i>. Cicero uses three +synonymous verbs to express the thought that he will not endure the +conduct of Catiline under any circumstances. We may translate: +“I cannot, will not, shall not endure it.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_6" id = "note11_6" href = "#tag11_6">6:</a> +<i>magna—urbis</i>: “much gratitude is due to the immortal gods +and especially (<i>atque</i>) to this Juppiter Stator, the most ancient +guardian of our city.” Distinguish <i>gratiam habere</i>, to feel +thankful: <i>gratias agere</i>, to return thanks in words: <i>gratiam +referre</i>, to show oneself thankful by deeds. Juppiter obtained the +name Stator because he is said to have stayed the flight of the Romans +when they were hard pressed by the Sabines. The place where the flight +was arrested was marked by a temple vowed by Romulus at the foot of the +Palatine (Livy I. 12).</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_7" id = "note11_7" href = "#tag11_7">7:</a> +<i>quod—effugimus</i>: “because we have already escaped so often a +pest so cruel, so dreadful, so dangerous to the state” +—<i>toties</i>: referring to the earlier conspiracy of Catiline +which failed.</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_8" id = "note11_8" href = "#tag11_8">8:</a> +<i>non—reipublicae</i>: “it must not again and again depend on one +man that the existence of the state should be in peril:” or, “the safety +of the state must not be often exposed to danger by one man.” +A similar expression is found: Cic. Pro. Rosc. Amer. 51. 148: +<i>summa res publica in hujus periculo tentatur</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_9" id = "note11_9" href = "#tag11_9">9:</a> +<i>consuli designato</i>: in the days of Cicero the consuls were elected +on the 22nd October, but did not formally enter upon their office till +January 1st. Between the time of their election and entering upon office +they were called <i>consules designati</i>. <i>proximis comitiis +consularibus</i>: referring to Oct. 22nd.</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_10" id = "note11_10" href = "#tag11_10">10:</a> +<i>in campo</i>, scil. <i>Martio</i>: the consular elections were held +in the Campus Martius, a plain between the city and the Tiber.</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_11" id = "note11_11" href = "#tag11_11">11:</a> +<i>competitores</i>: D. Junius Silanus and L. Licinius Murena.</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_12" id = "note11_12" href = "#tag11_12">12:</a> +<i>compressi—copiis</i>: on the day of the consular elections, we +are told by Plutarch, Cicero put on a coat of mail and was attended by +the chief men of Rome and a great number of youths to the Campus +Martius. He there threw off his <i>toga</i> and displayed his coat of +mail to show the danger to which he was exposed. The people were so +angry with Catiline that they chose Murena and Silanus as consuls.</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_13" id = "note11_13" href = "#tag11_13">13:</a> +<i>quotiescumque—obstiti</i>: “as often as you aimed at my life, +by my own resources did I oppose you:” <i>petere</i> is a gladiatorial +term, “to aim a blow at an opponent.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_14" id = "note11_14" href = "#tag11_14">14:</a> +<i>quamquam videbam</i>: distinguish <i>quamquam</i>, introducing a +conceded fact and in good authors used with the indicative +<span class = "pagenum">38</span> +<a name = "page38" id = "page38"> </a> +from <i>quamvis</i> introducing a purely hypothetical case and used with +the subjunctive. H., 516, I. and II.</p> + +<p><a name = "note11_15" id = "note11_15" href = "#tag11_15">15:</a> +<i>perniciem—conjunctum</i>: “that my destruction was linked with +the signal downfall of the state” +—<i>pernicies</i>: from <i>per-</i> root <i>nec</i>: cp. +<i>nex</i>, <i>noceo</i>, hence utter destruction +—<i>calamitas</i>: another form is <i>cadamitas</i>: from +<i>cado</i>, to fall: for the interchange of <i>d</i> and <i>l</i>: cp. +<i>odere</i>, <i>olere</i>: <i>dingua</i>, <i>lingua</i>.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec12" id = "notes_sec12" href = "#sec12">§ +12.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note12_1" id = "note12_1" href = "#tag12_1">1:</a> +<i>nunc jam</i>: emphatically, “now” +—<i>jam nunc</i>: is “even now” (i.e., before the regular time), +or “now at last.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note12_2" id = "note12_2" href = "#tag12_2">2:</a> +<i>denique</i>: “in a word.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note12_3" id = "note12_3" href = "#tag12_3">3:</a> +<i>quare—audeo</i>: “wherefore since I do not yet dare to pursue +that course which first presents itself and which is in accordance with +the power (I hold) and the principles of our ancestors” +—<i>imperii</i> genitive after <i>proprium</i>. What cases may +<i>proprius</i> govern? +—<i>imperii</i> refers to the extraordinary power which he had by +the decree <i>videant consules ne quid detrimenti respublica capiat</i>. +This decree (<i>decretum ultimum</i>) armed the consuls with civil and +military authority. Others say <i>imperii proprium</i> means, “in +accordance with this government.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note12_4" id = "note12_4" href = "#tag12_4">4:</a> +<i>ad—lenius</i>: “milder as regards severity,” or “in point of +severity.” <i>Ad</i> = <i>quoad, quoad attinet ad, si spectes</i>. He +uses <i>ad communem salutem utilius</i> to balance <i>ad severitatem +lenius</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note12_5" id = "note12_5" href = "#tag12_5">5:</a> +<i>reliqua—manus</i>: “a remnant of the conspirators.” Ernesti +reads <i>aliqua</i> for <i>reliqua</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note12_6" id = "note12_6" href = "#tag12_6">6:</a> +<i>sin</i>: “if, on the other hand.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note12_7" id = "note12_7" href = "#tag12_7">7:</a> +<i>exhaurietur—reipublicae</i>: “there shall be drained off from +the city a great and destructive refuse of the state composed of your +comrades.” <i>Exhaurio</i>: cp. <span class = "greek" title = +"antleô">ἀντλέω</span> properly to drain the bilge water (<span class = +"greek" title = "antlos [printed ἀντλος without accent]">ἄντλος</span> +<i>sentina</i>) out of the hold of a vessel. —<i>tuorum +comitum</i>: this secondary genitive is one of explanation +(<i>expexegetical</i>).</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec13" id = "notes_sec13" href = "#sec13">§ +13.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note13_1" id = "note13_1" href = "#tag13_1">1:</a> +<i>imperante me</i>: abl. absolute.</p> + +<p><a name = "note13_2" id = "note13_2" href = "#tag13_2">2:</a> +<i>faciebas</i> = <i>facere volebas</i>: Madvig, § 337, +obs. I.</p> + +<p><a name = "note13_3" id = "note13_3" href = "#tag13_3">3:</a> +<i>consul hostem</i>: note the emphatic juxtaposition of these +words.</p> + +<p><a name = "note13_4" id = "note13_4" href = "#tag13_4">4:</a> +<i>num—exilium</i>, scil. <i>jubes me exire</i>: “You do not order +me to go into exile, do you?” Distinguish <i>exilium</i>, +<i>deportatio</i>, and <i>relegatio</i>: see Antiquities.</p> + +<p><a name = "note13_5" id = "note13_5" href = "#tag13_5">5:</a> +<i>me consulis</i>: distinguish <i>me consulit</i>, <i>mihi +consulit</i>, <i>in me consulit</i>.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">39</span> +<a name = "page39" id = "page39"> </a> +<h5><a name = "notes_chapVI" id = "notes_chapVI" href = "#chapVI"> +CHAPTER VI.</a></h5> + +<p><a name = "note13_6" id = "note13_6" href = "#tag13_6">6:</a> +<i>quod—possit</i>: H., 503, I.</p> + +<p><a name = "note13_7" id = "note13_7" href = "#tag13_7">7:</a> +<i>extra—hominum</i>: “unconnected with that band of conspirators +composed of worthless men” +—<i>conjuratio</i>: used in a concrete sense: cp. +<i>advocatio</i>, <i>servitium</i>. For subjunctive: H., +500, I.</p> + +<p><a name = "note13_8" id = "note13_8" href = "#tag13_8">8:</a> +<i>quae—est?</i> “what stain of domestic infamy has not been +branded on your life?” Distinguish: <i>nŏtă, nōtă, nŏtā</i>. The +expression <i>nota domesticae turpitudinis</i> differs in meaning from +<i>privatarum rerum dedecus</i>: the former relates to moral or immoral +domestic life, the latter to all private actions as opposed to those +that affect a man’s public character. <i>Nota</i> is applied (1) to the +brand on cattle; Virg. Georg. 3, 158: (2) to the mark placed on a +fugitive slave when retaken: (3) to the mark placed by the censor +(<i>nota censoria</i>) on revising the list of citizens, opposite the +name of the person degraded. According to Plutarch, Catiline had slain +his own brother and murdered his own son that there might be no obstacle +to his marrying Aurelia Orestilla.</p> + +<p><a name = "note13_9" id = "note13_9" href = "#tag13_9">9:</a> +<i>quod—fama</i>: “what scandal in private life does not cling to +your notorious acts?” Some read <i>infamiae</i>, a dat, after +<i>haeret</i>, which is sometimes found. Give the different +constructions of <i>haerere</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note13_10" id = "note13_10" href = "#tag13_10">10:</a> +<i>quae—afuit</i>: “what act of impurity ever was strange to your +eyes, what enormity to your hands, what pollution to your whole body?” +—<i>libido</i>; licentiousness, in a general sense; +<i>facinus</i>, a bold, daring deed, in a bad sense, unless +justified by some favourable epithet: <i>flagitium</i>, +a disgraceful, lustful excess.</p> + +<p><a name = "note13_11" id = "note13_11" href = "#tag13_11">11:</a> +<i>cui—praetulisti?</i> “to what youth, after you had once +entangled him by the allurements of vice, did you not hand either a +dagger to commit some daring deed, or a torch to inflame his passion?” +—<i>adulescentulo</i>: the diminutive is used in a depreciatory +sense, since many a weak youth was misled by Catiline (Sallust Cat., +c. 14). +—<i>facem</i>: the figure refers to the nightly revels and +debauches of Catiline. Slaves carried torches before their masters at +night to show the way. The torch of Catiline not merely showed the way +to crimes, but served to inflame the passions of lust.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec14" id = "notes_sec14" href = "#sec14">§ +14.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note14_1" id = "note14_1" href = "#tag14_1">1:</a> +<i>quid vero?</i> scil. <i>dicam</i>; “further:” lit. “what, indeed, +shall I say?”</p> + +<p><a name = "note14_2" id = "note14_2" href = "#tag14_2">2:</a> +<i>nuper—cumulasti?</i> “When lately by the death of your first +wife you had rendered your home empty to contract a new marriage, did +you not aggravate this crime by committing +<span class = "pagenum">40</span> +<a name = "page40" id = "page40"> </a> +another incredible act of guilt?” It is said that Catiline poisoned his +first wife and murdered his own son, to marry Aurelia Orestilla.</p> + +<p><a name = "note14_3" id = "note14_3" href = "#tag14_3">3:</a> +<i>patior</i>: “I suffer myself:” a kind of middle form: cp. +<i>glorior</i>, <i>vescor</i>, <i>vertor</i>, <i>lavor</i>.</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "printed as part of note 3"><a name += "note14_4" id = "note14_4" href = "#tag14_4">4:</a></ins> +<i>tanti—immanitas</i>: “so enormous a crime.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note14_5" id = "note14_5" href = "#tag14_5">5:</a> +<i>quas—senties</i>: “which you will find wholly threaten you on +the next Ides.” On the <i>ides</i> it was usual to pay interest on +borrowed money, cp. Hor. Ep. 2. The <i>ides</i> (<i>idus</i>, from +<i>iduare</i>, to divide) were on the 13th of each month, except in +March, May, July, October, when they fell on the 15th. As this oration +was delivered on the 8th, Catiline had only five days to prepare against +bankruptcy. Decline <i>idus</i>? What words are fem. of 4th decl.?</p> + +<p><a name = "note14_6" id = "note14_6" href = "#tag14_6">6:</a> +<i>ad—pertinent</i>: “to these I come, which concern not the +personal disgrace which attaches to your vices, (which concern) not the +embarassment and scandal of your home, but (which concern) the welfare +of the state and the life and safety of us all.” +—<i>ignominiam</i>: referring to his personal crimes. +—<i>difficultatem</i>: his financial difficulties.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec15" id = "notes_sec15" href = "#sec15">§ +15.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note15_1" id = "note15_1" href = "#tag15_1">1:</a> +<i>cum scias</i>: for subjunctive: H. 522, II. 2.</p> + +<p><a name = "note15_2" id = "note15_2" href = "#tag15_2">2:</a> +<i>neminem</i>: decline this word.</p> + +<p><a name = "note15_3" id = "note15_3" href = "#tag15_3">3:</a> +<i>pridie—Januarias</i>: scil <i>ante</i>: “on the day before the +Kalends of January,” i.e. December 31st, Sallust gives an account of +this earlier conspiracy. The plan was to murder the consuls in the +capitol, then Catiline and Autronius were to seize the consular power. +Suetonius says that both Crassus and Caesar were partners in guilt, and +that the scheme failed because Crassus did not appear at the proper +time. A second time (5th February) an attempt was made, but this +also failed in consequence of Catiline having given the signal too soon +before a sufficient number of followers had arrived.</p> + +<p><a name = "note15_4" id = "note15_4" href = "#tag15_4">4:</a> +<i>Lepido et Tullo consulibus</i>: M. Aemilius Lepidus and +L. Volcatius Tullus were consuls 66 B.C. The <i>consules +designati</i> were P. Autronius Paetus and P. Cornelius Sulla: +but these were disqualified for bribery and L. Aurelius Cotta and +L. Manlius Torquatius (their accusers) obtained the consulship.</p> + +<p><a name = "note15_5" id = "note15_5" href = "#tag15_5">5:</a> +<i>comitio</i>: distinguish <i>comitium</i> and <i>comitia</i>. Where +was the <i>comitium</i>? <i>manum—paravisse?</i> scil. +<i>potestne—scias</i>: “that you collected a gang to slay the +consuls and leading men of the state?”</p> + +<p><a name = "note15_6" id = "note15_6" href = "#tag15_6">6:</a> +<i>sceleri—obstitisse?</i> “that no reflection or fear of yours, +but the good luck of the state thwarted your wicked and frenzied +attempt!” Is <i>aliquis</i> commonly used in negative clauses?</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">41</span> +<a name = "page41" id = "page41"> </a> +<p><a name = "note15_7" id = "note15_7" href = "#tag15_7">7:</a> +<i>neque—postea</i>: i.e., <i>nam quae post a te commissa sunt, ea +neque obscura sunt, neque panca</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note15_8" id = "note15_8" href = "#tag15_8">8:</a> +<i>Consulem designatum</i>: see <a href = "#note11_9">note 9, +§ 11</a>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note15_9" id = "note15_9" href = "#tag15_9">9:</a> +<i>petitiones</i>: see <a href = "#note11_7">note 7, +§ 11</a>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note15_10" id = "note15_10" href = "#tag15_10">10:</a> +<i>ita—effugi</i>: “aimed in such a way that they seemed +impossible to be parried have I avoided by a slight side movement, and, +as they term it, by (a deflection of) the body.” +—<i>petitio</i>, <i>declinatio</i>, <i>corpus</i>, <i>effugio</i>, +are terms of the fencing school purposely used by Cicero to show that +Catiline was no better than a gladiator: cp. Cic. Cat. II. 2. +—<i>ut aiunt</i>: cp. <span class = "greek" title = "hôs phasi">ὡς +ϕασί</span>: “as the saying is.”</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec16" id = "notes_sec16" href = "#sec16">§ +16.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note16_1" id = "note16_1" href = "#tag16_1">1:</a> +<i>tibi</i>: ethical dative: H. 389. —<i>jam</i>: “ere now.” +—<i>de <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘mauibus’">manibus</ins></i> is explanatory (<i>epexegetical</i>) to +<i>tibi</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_2" id = "note16_2" href = "#tag16_2">2:</a> +<i>excidit</i>, distinguish <i>excīdit</i>, <i>excĭdit</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_3" id = "note16_3" href = "#tag16_3">3:</a> +<i>quae—defigere</i>: the position of the relative and the +indirect interrogation is foreign to our idiom, and must be avoided in +translation: <i>quae</i> = <i>et haec</i>, scil. <i>sica</i>: “and I +know not by what (unhallowed) rites it has been consecrated and devoted +to its purpose by you that you deem it necessary to plunge it in the +body of the consul.” Cicero here refers to the fact that a human +sacrifice took place at the house of Catiline, and that the dagger used +on that occasion was dedicated to the purpose of slaying the consuls: +cp. Sallust, Cat. C. 23.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "notes_chapVII" id = "notes_chapVII" href = "#chapVII"> +CHAPTER VII.</a></h5> + +<p><a name = "note16_4" id = "note16_4" href = "#tag16_4">4:</a> +<i>tua—ista vita</i>: “that life that you lead.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_5" id = "note16_5" href = "#tag16_5">5:</a> +<i>sed ut</i>: construe <i>sed (tecum loquar) ut misericordia (permotus +esse videar)</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_6" id = "note16_6" href = "#tag16_6">6:</a> +<i>nulla</i>: stronger than <i>non</i>: “not at all,” “not a +particle.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_7" id = "note16_7" href = "#tag16_7">7:</a> +<i>paullo ante</i>: “a moment ago.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_8" id = "note16_8" href = "#tag16_8">8:</a> +<i>frequentia</i>: “throng,”: cp. <i>frequens senatus</i>: +“a crowded senate,”: —<i>necessarii</i>: cp. <span class = +"greek" title = "anankaioi">ἀναγκαῖοι</span>. —<i>salutavit</i>: +among the Romans it was customary when they saw their friends or eminent +men approaching to rise up, and salute or courteously address them.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_9" id = "note16_9" href = "#tag16_9">9:</a> +<i>post—memoriam</i>: “within the memory of men”: cp. Thucy. I. 7: +<span class = "greek" title = "aph’ hou Hellênes memnêntai">ἀϕ᾽ οὗ +Ἕλληνες μέμνηνται</span>.</p> + +<p><i>contigit</i>: generally means, “it befalls” of fortunate +occurences, but not always.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_10" id = "note16_10" href = "#tag16_10">10:</a> +<i>vocis—contumeliam ... judicio taciturnitatis</i>: Chiasmus. +—<i>vocis—taciturnitatis</i> = +<i>loquentium—tacitorum</i>: “are you waiting for reproofs from +those speaking, when you are overpowered +<span class = "pagenum">42</span> +<a name = "page42" id = "page42"> </a> +by the most solemn sentence of those, though they are silent.” The +reference is to the fact that the Senate had declared Catiline +<i>patriae hostis</i>, and had received him with silence on entering the +Senate.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_11" id = "note16_11" href = "#tag16_11">11:</a> +<i>quid?</i> scil. <i>dicam</i>. We often find <i>quid? quod</i> used by +Cicero in rapid rhetorical questions: Madvig., 479, d. obs. 1.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_12" id = "note16_12" href = "#tag16_12">12:</a> +<i>adventu tuo</i>: see <a href = "#note7_9">note 9, § 7</a>: +<i>abl. time</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_13" id = "note16_13" href = "#tag16_13">13:</a> +<i>ista subsellia</i>: “the benches near you.” The seats of the senators +(<i>subsellia</i>) were beneath that of the consul (<i>sella +curulis</i>), which was on a platform.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_14" id = "note16_14" href = "#tag16_14">14:</a> +<i>qui fuerunt</i>: “who have been often destined for slaughter by you.” +—<i>tibi</i>: dat. for abl. with <i>abs</i> = <i>abs te</i>. +Distinguish <i>constituti sunt</i> and <i>constituti fuerunt</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_15" id = "note16_15" href = "#tag16_15">15:</a> +<i>nudam atque inanem</i>: “completely bare:” Cicero often uses two +epithets of nearly the same meaning to emphasize the idea to be +conveyed.</p> + +<p><a name = "note16_16" id = "note16_16" href = "#tag16_16">16:</a> +<i>tandem</i>: see <a href = "#note1_1">note 1, § 1</a>.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec17" id = "notes_sec17" href = "#sec17">§ +17.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note17_1" id = "note17_1" href = "#tag17_1">1:</a> +<i>servi—arbitraris</i>: a fine example of the argument <i>a +fortiori</i>. The Latins call this <i>amplificatio</i> (Quint. 8, +4, 9), the Greeks <span class = "greek" title = +"enthumêma">ἐνθύμημα</span>, a rhetorical conclusion, drawn from +opposites.</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_2" id = "note17_2" href = "#tag17_2">2:</a> +<i>me hercule</i>: either (1) <i>me, Hercules juvet</i>, or (2) <i>me, +Hercules, juves</i>. We also find <i>me hercules</i>, <i>mehercle</i>, +<i>mercule</i>, varieties of the same oath. For the tendency to drop +<i>s</i> final: cp. Peile (Greek and Latin Etymology, p. 355).</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_3" id = "note17_3" href = "#tag17_3">3:</a> +<i>isto pacto</i>: “in the way.” —<i>isto</i> here does duty for +the article or may be = <i>eodem</i>.</p> + +<p><i>omnes</i>: the fellow-conspirators are no longer regarded as +citizens by Cicero.</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_4" id = "note17_4" href = "#tag17_4">4:</a> +<i>urbem</i>: scil., <i>relinquendam</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_5" id = "note17_5" href = "#tag17_5">5:</a> +<i>injuria</i>: “without any just cause.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_6" id = "note17_6" href = "#tag17_6">6:</a> +<i>offensum</i> = <i>invisum</i>, <i>odiosum</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_7" id = "note17_7" href = "#tag17_7">7:</a> +<i>infestis</i>: another form is <i>infensis</i>: “menacing.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_8" id = "note17_8" href = "#tag17_8">8:</a> +<i>agnoscas</i>: distinguish <i>agnosco</i>, <i>ignosco</i>, +<i>cognosco</i>, <i>recognosco</i>, in meaning.</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_9" id = "note17_9" href = "#tag17_9">9:</a> +<i>dubitas—vitare</i>: when <i>dubito</i> means “to doubt:” <i>non +dubito</i> is properly construed with <i>quin</i> and the subjunctive, +rarely with the infinitive. But when <i>dubito</i> means “to scruple,” +“to hesitate,” and the sentence following contained the same subject, +<i>non dubito</i> is generally construed with the infinitive.</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_10" id = "note17_10" href = "#tag17_10">10:</a> +<i>mentes sensusque</i>: “souls and senses.”</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">43</span> +<a name = "page43" id = "page43"> </a> +<p><a name = "note17_11" id = "note17_11" href = "#tag17_11">11:</a> +<i>aliquo</i>: “to some place or other.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_12" id = "note17_12" href = "#tag17_12">12:</a> +<i>nunc</i> = <span class = "greek" title = "nun de">νῦν δέ</span>, “but +now, as it is,” used to contrast <i>actual</i> and <i>imagined</i> +condition.</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_13" id = "note17_13" href = "#tag17_13">13:</a> +<i>jamdiu—cogitare</i>: “and for a long time has it come to the +conclusion that you have been planning nothing but her ruin.” +—<i>nihil = de nulla re</i>. —<i>parricidio</i> = +<i>interitu</i>, because <i>patria</i> is regarded <i>communis +parens</i>. According to Roman law <i>parricidium</i> included the +murder of intimate friends as well as of parents.</p> + +<p><a name = "note17_14" id = "note17_14" href = "#tag17_14">14:</a> +<i>verebere</i>: <i>vereor</i>, a religious reverence due to a superior: +<i>pertimesco</i>, an excessive dread of impending calamity.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec18" id = "notes_sec18" href = "#sec18">§ +18.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note18_1" id = "note18_1" href = "#tag18_1">1:</a> +<i>quae—loquitur</i>: a fine personification. Note the +<i>oxymoron</i> in <i>tacita—loquitur</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note18_2" id = "note18_2" href = "#tag18_2">2:</a> +<i>nullum</i>: note the emphatic positions of +<i>nullum—nullum</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note18_3" id = "note18_3" href = "#tag18_3">3:</a> +<i>neces</i>: alluding to the murders which Catiline perpetrated as a +partisan of Sulla, during the dictatorship of the latter.</p> + +<p><a name = "note18_4" id = "note18_4" href = "#tag18_4">4:</a> +<i>sociorum</i>: in 67 B.C. Catiline was propraetor of Africa. In +65 B.C. he was accused by P. Clodius Pulcher, the inveterate +enemy of Cicero, for cruel oppression of the provincials, but he +succeeded in buying off the accuser, and the persecution came <ins class += "correction" title = "text reads ‘so’">to</ins> nothing.</p> + +<p><a name = "note18_5" id = "note18_5" href = "#tag18_5">5:</a> +<i>tu—valuisti</i>: “you had power enough not only to disregard +the judicial trials, but also to subvert them and weaken their power.” +Distinguish <i>jus</i>, what the law ordains, or the obligations it +imposes, from <i>lex</i>, a written statute or ordinance. +—<i>quaestiones</i>: the <i>praetor urbanus</i> and <i>praetor +peregrinus</i> dispensed justice in private and less important cases. In +case of any magnitude the people acted as jury themselves, or appointed +one or more to preside at the trial. Those appointed were called +<i>quaesitores</i> or <i>quaestores</i>. In 150 B.C. <i>four</i> +permanent praetors were appointed to aid the <i>praetor urbanus</i> and +<i>praetor <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘peregimus’ without italics">peregrinus</ins></i>. One had charge of all cases of +extortion; another, of bribery; another, of treason; another, of frauds +against the public treasury. These four classes of trials were called +<i>quaestiones perpetuae</i>.</p> + +<p><i>superiora</i>: “former acts of yours.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note18_6" id = "note18_6" href = "#tag18_6">6:</a> +<i>nunc—ferendum</i>: “but now that I should be wholly on your +account the slave of fear, that in every, even the least rumour, +Catiline should be dreaded, that no plot seems possible to be entered +into, in which your villany has no share (these things, I say), are +not to be endured.” —<i>totam</i>: fem: referring to +<i>patriam</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note18_7" id = "note18_7" href = "#tag18_7">7:</a> +<i>ne—opprimar</i>: scil. <i>discede, atque hunc mihi timorem +eripe</i>.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">44</span> +<a name = "page44" id = "page44"> </a> +<h5><a name = "notes_chapVIII" id = "notes_chapVIII" href = "#chapVIII"> +CHAPTER VIII.</a></h5> + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec19" id = "notes_sec19" href = "#sec19">§ +19.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note19_1" id = "note19_1" href = "#tag19_1">1:</a> +<i>Impetrare</i>: “to obtain its request:” i.e. <i>ut ex urbe +exeas</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note19_2" id = "note19_2" href = "#tag19_2">2:</a> +<i>quid? quod</i>: see <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘note 16, § 11’"><a href = "#note16_11">note 11, +§ 16</a></ins>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note19_3" id = "note19_3" href = "#tag19_3">3:</a> +<i>custodiam</i>: when a person of rank was suspected of any treasonable +act, he generally surrendered himself into the hands of some responsible +person, to be guarded until his guilt or innocence was established. This +was called <i>custodia libera.</i></p> + +<p><a name = "note19_4" id = "note19_4" href = "#tag19_4">4:</a> +<i>apud M’</i>: another reading is <i>ad M.</i> The person was Manius +(not Marcus) Lepidus who held the office of consulship with Volcatius +Tullus B.C. 68.</p> + +<p><i>domi meae</i>: would <i>domi</i> with other adjectives be +allowable?</p> + +<p><a name = "note19_5" id = "note19_5" href = "#tag19_5">5:</a> +<i>isdem parietibus</i>: here the idea of <i>means</i> is combined with +that of place: H. 425, II., 1.1.</p> + +<p><i>qui—essem=quippe qui—essem</i>: “inasmuch as I was in +great danger.”</p> + +<p><i>quod—contineremur</i>: when does <i>quod</i> take the +indicative and when the subjunctive: H. 516, I., II.?</p> + +<p><a name = "note19_6" id = "note19_6" href = "#tag19_6">6:</a> +<i>sodalem</i>: “your boon companion:” distinguish <i>socius</i> (root +<i>sec</i>, to follow, hence <i>sequor</i>), a follower: +<i>consors</i>, a partner in lot: <i>comes</i>, a companion on +a journey: <i>sodalis</i>, a boon companion.</p> + +<p><a name = "note19_7" id = "note19_7" href = "#tag19_7">7:</a> +<i>virum optimum</i>: probably ironical: nothing is known of him, except +that he was weak and simple.</p> + +<p><a name = "note19_8" id = "note19_8" href = "#tag19_8">8:</a> +<i>videlicet</i> and <i>scilicet</i>: “no doubt”: both introduce an +explanation with the difference, that the former generally indicates the +true, the latter, the wrong explanation, though sometimes, as in the +present passage, the meanings are reversed. Z. 345.</p> + +<p><a name = "note19_9" id = "note19_9" href = "#tag19_9">9:</a> +<i>ad vindicandum</i>: “in bringing you to punishment.”</p> + +<p><i>a vinculis</i>: the state prison which was used to detain +prisoners, not for penal imprisonment in opposition to (<i>custodia +libera</i>) private custody.</p> + +<p><a name = "note19_10" id = "note19_10" href = "#tag19_10">10:</a> +<i>qui</i> = <i>quippe qui</i>: H., 517.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec20" id = "notes_sec20" href = "#sec20">§ +20.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note20_1" id = "note20_1" href = "#tag20_1">1:</a> +<i>quae cum ita sint</i>: see note.</p> + +<p><a name = "note20_2" id = "note20_2" href = "#tag20_2">2:</a> +<i>emori</i>: another reading is <i>morari</i>, antithetical to +<i>abire</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note20_3" id = "note20_3" href = "#tag20_3">3:</a> +<i>refer ad senatum</i>: “bring up (the matter scil. <i>rem</i>) before +the Senate.” —<i>referre</i> is the technical term to express the +laying of the subject for debate before the Senate, which was done by +the consul or presiding magistrate: <i><ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads ‘deferee’">deferre</ins></i>, denotes the simple +announcement of anything: <i>placere</i>, is the usual term to express +the decision of the Senate. The aristocratic party had +<span class = "pagenum">45</span> +<a name = "page45" id = "page45"> </a> +advised Catiline to go into exile, preferring that he should take this +course rather than that they should have an open conflict with him.</p> + +<p><a name = "note20_4" id = "note20_4" href = "#tag20_4">4:</a> +<i>sibi—decreverit</i>: “shall decree by their vote.” The senators +voted “yea” or “nay” by saying <i>placet</i> or <i>non placet</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note20_5" id = "note20_5" href = "#tag20_5">5:</a> +<i>abhorret—moribus</i>: “is inconsistent with my character.” The +fact is the Senate could not pass a sentence of exile.</p> + +<p><a name = "note20_6" id = "note20_6" href = "#tag20_6">6:</a> +<i>si—expectas</i>: “if it is this word (exile) you are waiting +for.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note20_7" id = "note20_7" href = "#tag20_7">7:</a> +<i>patiuntur—tacent</i>: i.e., they suffer me to use this bold +language to you and still they raise no word on your behalf.</p> + +<p><a name = "note20_8" id = "note20_8" href = "#tag20_8">8:</a> +<i>quid—perspicis?</i> “why do you wait for the sentence of these +in words, where will you perceive, though they are silent?”</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec21" id = "notes_sec21" href = "#sec21">§ +21.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note21_1" id = "note21_1" href = "#tag21_1">1:</a> +<i>huic</i>: “who is present.” P. Sestius Gallus was quaestor to the +consul Antonius who as <i>tribunus plebis</i> in 57 B.C. was active for +Cicero’s recall from banishment. Cicero defended him in 56 B.C. in +an action <i>de vi</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note21_2" id = "note21_2" href = "#tag21_2">2:</a> +<i>vim—intulisset</i>: “would have laid violent hands on me:” +a species of hendiadys. Even his dignity as consul, and the sacred +shrine of Juppiter Stator would not have shielded him.</p> + +<p><a name = "note21_3" id = "note21_3" href = "#tag21_3">3:</a> +<i>quiescunt probant</i>: <i>patiuntur</i>, <i>decernunt</i>: +<i>tacent</i>, <i>clamant</i>: note these examples of +<i>oxymoron</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note21_4" id = "note21_4" href = "#tag21_4">4:</a> +<i>cives</i>, scil. <i>idem faciunt</i> i.e. <i>silentio probant</i>. +The <i>equites</i> formed the second or middle order of the Roman +State.</p> + +<p><a name = "note21_5" id = "note21_5" href = "#tag21_5">5:</a> +<i>prosequantur</i>: those who went into voluntary exile were often +accompanied to the gates by their friends. An escort is promised +Catiline to express the delight in getting rid of him.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "notes_chapIX" id = "notes_chapIX" href = "#chapIX"> +CHAPTER IX.</a></h5> + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec22" id = "notes_sec22" href = "#sec22">§ +22.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note22_1" id = "note22_1" href = "#tag22_1">1:</a> +<i>quamquam</i>: cp. <span class = "greek" title = +"kaitoi">καίτοι</span>; “and yet,” used here as a corrective +particle.</p> + +<p><a name = "note22_2" id = "note22_2" href = "#tag22_2">2:</a> +<i>te</i>; scil. <i>sperandumne sit fore ut</i>: “is it to be expected +that anything will break your resolve?” Note the emphatic positions of +<i>te</i>, <i>tu</i>, <i>tu</i>, <i>tu</i>. What feelings do these +interrogations express?</p> + +<p><a name = "note22_3" id = "note22_3" href = "#tag22_3">3:</a> +<i>duint</i> = <i>dent</i>: often used in religious formulas. Give the +construction of <i>utinam</i>: H., 483, I.</p> + +<p><a name = "note22_4" id = "note22_4" href = "#tag22_4">4:</a> +<i>animum induxeris</i>: Cicero uses the form <i>animum inducere</i> +(except in Pro Sulla, 30, 83) and Livy always <i>in animum in +pucere</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">46</span> +<a name = "page46" id = "page46"> </a> +<p><a name = "note22_5" id = "note22_5" href = "#tag22_5">5:</a> +<i>quanta—impendeat</i>: “what a storm of unpopularity threatens +me, if not at present, on account of the memory of your crimes being +fresh, still in the future time.” <i>recenti</i> = <i>memoria</i>: abl. +of cause. <i>in posteritatem</i> = <i>in posterum tempus</i>. +<i>impendeat</i>: indirect question.</p> + +<p><a name = "note22_6" id = "note22_6" href = "#tag22_6">6:</a> +<i>sed—sejungatur</i>: “but (the unpopularity you threaten) +willingly will I undergo (literally, pays me well) provided the loss +which you forbode is confined to myself and does not involve danger to +the State.” <i>tanti</i>: genitive of price. The subject of <i>est</i> +is <i>invidiam istam mihi impendere</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note22_7" id = "note22_7" href = "#tag22_7">7:</a> +<i>ut—ut—ut</i>: these three clauses are explained by the +three beginning with <i>aut, aut, aut</i>. <i>pudor</i> = <span class = +"greek" title = "aidôs">αἰδώς</span>; “a sense of shame, or +modesty.”</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec23" id = "notes_sec23" href = "#sec23">§ +23.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note23_1" id = "note23_1" href = "#tag23_1">1:</a> +<i>conflare</i>: a metaphor taken from metals: literally, “to smelt +together:” hence “to heap upon.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note23_2" id = "note23_2" href = "#tag23_2">2:</a> +<i>recta</i>, scil. <i>via</i>: “straightway.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note23_3" id = "note23_3" href = "#tag23_3">3:</a> +<i>vix—vix</i>: note the emphatic positions: “hard will it be for +me to bear the weight of the unpopularity caused by you, if you go into +exile by the order of the consul,” —<i>sermones</i>: “the +censure:” cp. our expression “to be the talk of the town.” +<i>feceris</i>: see <a href = "#note6_4">note 4, § 6</a>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note23_4" id = "note23_4" href = "#tag23_4">4:</a> +<i>sui—mavis</i>: “but if, however, you prefer to consult my +praise and glory.” <i>laus—gloria</i> are originally derived from +the same root CLU, “to hear:” <i>laus</i> = <i>(c)lau(d)s</i>: <i>gloria += clu-oria</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note23_5" id = "note23_5" href = "#tag23_5">5:</a> +<i>exsulta—latrocinio</i>: “triumph in your impious bandit war.” +<i>latro</i>: properly a mercenary soldier who serves for pay (<span +class = "greek" title = "latreia">λατρεία</span>): afterwards, +“a brigand.” <i>impio</i>: as being against his native land: cp. +<i>pietas erga patriam</i>, “patriotism.”</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec24" id = "notes_sec24" href = "#sec24">§ +24.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note24_1" id = "note24_1" href = "#tag24_1">1:</a> +<i>quamquam</i>: see <a href = "#note22_1">note 1, § 22</a>. +<i>invitem</i>: rhetorical question: H. 529.</p> + +<p><a name = "note24_2" id = "note24_2" href = "#tag24_2">2:</a> +<i>qui—armati?</i> “to wait for <ins class = "correction" title = +"text shown as printed">you arms</ins> near Forum Amelium.” <i>ad</i> +before the name of towns denotes (1) direction; (2) proximity, as in +this passage. Towns were called <i>Fora</i>, by the Romans, where the +praetor held his circuits for administering justice and where markets +were established. The town mentioned here was in Etruria between the +Armenta (<i>Fiora</i>) and Marta, not from the sea. It is now called +<i>Monte Alto</i>. It derived its name from one Aurelius, who built the +<i>Via Aurelia</i> from Rome to Pisa.</p> + +<p><i>praestolarentur</i>: the word <i>praestolari</i>, is “to wait for” +said of a subordinate who performs some services for a superior.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">47</span> +<a name = "page47" id = "page47"> </a> +<p><a name = "note24_3" id = "note24_3" href = "#tag24_3">3:</a> +<i>pactam—diem</i>: from what verb is <i>pactam</i>? +—<i>dies</i>, in the sense of a “fixed day” is usually +feminine.</p> + +<p><a name = "note24_4" id = "note24_4" href = "#tag24_4">4:</a> +<i>aquilam</i>: the same that Marius carried in his Cimbric war. +Catiline fell beside it at Pistoria (Gall. Cat. C. 59). A silver +eagle with extended wings, and on the top of a spear was the ensign of +the whole legion. The <i>signa</i> were the standards of the +<i>manipuli</i> and the <i>vexillum</i> is the standard of the +cavalry.</p> + +<p><a name = "note24_5" id = "note24_5" href = "#tag24_5">5:</a> +<i>cui—fuit</i>: “for which the secret place where you concocted +your crimes was prepared in your house.” The eagle was usually kept in a +part of the <i>praetorium</i> which was consecrated +(<i>sacrarium</i>).</p> + +<p><a name = "note24_6" id = "note24_6" href = "#tag24_6">6:</a> +<i>tu—solebas</i>: scil. <i>credendumne sil fore</i>: “is it to be +believed that you could any longer be without this, to which you when +setting out to slaughter were wont to pay your vows?”</p> + +<p><a name = "note24_7" id = "note24_7" href = "#tag24_7">7:</a> +<i>altaribus</i>: only plural in classical Latin.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "notes_chapX" id = "notes_chapX" href = "#chapX"> +CHAPTER X.</a></h5> + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec25" id = "notes_sec25" href = "#sec25">§ +25.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note25_1" id = "note25_1" href = "#tag25_1">1:</a> +<i>haec res</i>: i.e. <i>hoc bellum contra patriam, haec civium +caedes</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note25_2" id = "note25_2" href = "#tag25_2">2:</a> +<i>quandam—voluptatem</i>: “a kind of delight, (really) +inconceivable.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note25_3" id = "note25_3" href = "#tag25_3">3:</a> +<i>ad—servavit</i>: “it was for this mad career that nature gave +you being, inclination trained you, fate reserved you:” distinguish +<i>amentia</i>, and <i>dementia</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note25_4" id = "note25_4" href = "#tag25_4">4:</a> +<i>non modo</i>, for the omission of <i>non</i> after <i>non modo</i>, +see Madvig., § 461, C. When the sentence is negative, <i>non +modo = non modo non</i>, the second <i>non</i> being omitted, if both +sentences have the same verb, and if the verb is contained in the second +sentence, for the negative is thus considered to belong conjointly to +both sentences. Z. 724., b.</p> + +<p><a name = "note25_5" id = "note25_5" href = "#tag25_5">5:</a> +<i>otium</i>: “peace,” opposed to <i>bellum</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note25_6" id = "note25_6" href = "#tag25_6">6:</a> +<i>nefarium</i>: “unhallowed,” as involving <i>impietas contra +patriam</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note25_7" id = "note25_7" href = "#tag25_7">7:</a> +<i>nanctus es</i>: “you have got together.” —The orator is +<i>atque (ex) derelictis ab non modo omni fortuna, verum etiam (a) +spe</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note25_8" id = "note25_8" href = "#tag25_8">8:</a> +<i>conflatam</i>: a metaphor taken from metals, “smelted together,” +hence “collected.”</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec26" id = "notes_sec26" href = "#sec26">§ +26.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note26_1" id = "note26_1" href = "#tag26_1">1:</a> +<i>hic</i>: i.e. <i>inter ejusmodi hominum gregem</i>. +—<i>qua—perfruere</i>: “what gratification will you +experience.” Notice the climax in this sentence.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">48</span> +<a name = "page48" id = "page48"> </a> +<p><a name = "note26_2" id = "note26_2" href = "#tag26_2">2:</a> +<i>ad—tui</i>: “it was for the earnest prosecution of this life +that these feats of endurance, which are made so much of, were +practised.” —<i>meditari</i>: is used passively: as <i>abominatus, +amplexus, confessus, detestatus, dimensus, exsecratus, moderatus, +suetus</i>. M. 153. With <i>meditari</i>: cp. <span class = "greek" +title = "meletan">μελετᾶν</span>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note26_3" id = "note26_3" href = "#tag26_3">3:</a> +<i>ad—<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘struprum’">stuprum</ins></i>: “to watch for an opportunity to commit an +act of debauchery.” = <i>ad tempus stupro opportunum observandum</i>. +The infinitive clauses <i>jacere, vigilare</i>, are in opposition with +<i>labores</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note26_4" id = "note26_4" href = "#tag26_4">4:</a> +<i>ad—obeundum</i>: “to execute some daring deed.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note26_5" id = "note26_5" href = "#tag26_5">5:</a> +<i>otiosorum</i>: “the peaceable citizens.” Another reading is +<i>occisorum</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note26_6" id = "note26_6" href = "#tag26_6">6:</a> +<i>habes—omnium</i>: “you have (now) an opportunity of showing the +renowned endurance you have for withstanding hunger, cold, (and) +a need of all things:” cp. Sallust, Cat. C., 5: <i>corpus potiens +inediae, vigiliae, algoris, supra quam unquam credibile est</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note26_7" id = "note26_7" href = "#tag26_7">7:</a> +<i>quibus</i>: to be referred to <i>famis, frigoris, inopiae</i>, not to +<i>omnium rerum</i>.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec27" id = "notes_sec27" href = "#sec27">§ +27.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note27_1" id = "note27_1" href = "#tag27_1">1:</a> +<i>tantum confeci</i>: “this much, I gained.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note27_2" id = "note27_2" href = "#tag27_2">2:</a> +<i>quum—reppuli</i>: at the last election, Cicero adopted these +measures especially aimed at Catiline: a bill to increase the +penalty against bribery (<i>ambitus</i>); by disarranging the plans of +Catiline in putting off the elections, and appearing in the Campus +Martius in armour.</p> + +<p><a name = "note27_3" id = "note27_3" href = "#tag27_3">3:</a> +<i>exul—consul: latrocinium—bellum</i>: note the +<i>paronomasia</i>.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "notes_chapXI" id = "notes_chapXI" href = "#chapXI"> +CHAPTER XI.</a></h5> + +<p><a name = "note27_4" id = "note27_4" href = "#tag27_4">4:</a> +<i>detester ac deprecer</i>: both these words mean “to seek to remove +anything from one, such as blame, &c., by calling the gods to +witness (<i>testari deos</i>) and by imploring (<i>precari</i>) their +aid<ins class = "correction" title = "close quote missing">.” </ins>Note +the middle force of these deponents.</p> + +<p><a name = "note27_5" id = "note27_5" href = "#tag27_5">5:</a> +<i>quaeso</i>: conjugate this verb.</p> + +<p><a name = "note27_6" id = "note27_6" href = "#tag27_6">6:</a> +<i>loquatur</i>: see § 18.</p> + +<p><a name = "note27_7" id = "note27_7" href = "#tag27_7">7:</a> +<i>tune</i>: join with <i>exire patiere</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note27_8" id = "note27_8" href = "#tag27_8">8:</a> +<i>evoratorum servorum</i>: Catiline, however, refused the help of +slaves (Sallust, Cat. C., 56), though Lentulus urged him to use +these.</p> + +<p><a name = "note27_9" id = "note27_9" href = "#tag27_9">9:</a> +<i>emissus—immissus</i>: paronomasia.</p> + +<p><a name = "note27_10" id = "note27_10" href = "#tag27_10">10:</a> +<i>hunc—duci</i>: what is the usual construction of +<i>imperari</i>? H. 498, I. The infinitive with <i>imperare</i> is +always passive.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">49</span> +<a name = "page49" id = "page49"> </a> +<p><a name = "note27_11" id = "note27_11" href = "#tag27_11">11:</a> +<i>mactari</i>: the official word of sacrifice, “to slay a victim.” It +is connected with old verb <i>magere</i>: probably “to strike:” cp. +<span class = "greek" title = "machê">μάχη</span>, hence “to kill.”</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec28" id = "notes_sec28" href = "#sec28">§ +28.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note28_1" id = "note28_1" href = "#tag28_1">1:</a> +<i>tandem</i>: cp. <a href = "#note1_1">note 1, § 1</a>. +Cicero shews that neither precedent, nor laws, nor the judgment of +future generations deter Catiline.</p> + +<p><a name = "note28_2" id = "note28_2" href = "#tag28_2">2:</a> +<i>At</i>: introduces the objection of an opponent: “Yes, but.” Cicero +refers here to the case of P. Scipio Nasica who headed the nobility +against Tib. Gracchus.</p> + +<p><a name = "note28_3" id = "note28_3" href = "#tag28_3">3:</a> +<i><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘au’">an</ins> +leges?</i> Principally the <i>leges Valeriae</i>, and <i>leges +Porciae</i>. The former were proposed by (1) P. Valerius Poplicola +509 B.C. which enacted that no Roman magistrate should put to death or +flog a Roman citizen if he had appealed to the people: (2) in +449 B.C. L. Valerius Potitus enacted that no magistracy should +be held with an exemption from appeal: (3) in 300 B.C. +M. Valerius Corvus brought in a bill sanctioning the other laws on +the subject of appeal. The <i>leges Porciae</i> were proposed by three +of the <i>Porcii</i>, and exempted from stripes the persons of Roman +citizens, and imposed heavy fines on any one who should scourge or kill +a Roman citizen.</p> + +<p><a name = "note28_4" id = "note28_4" href = "#tag28_4">4:</a> +<i>rogatae sunt</i>: “have been passed.” The people at the +<i>comitia</i> were <i>asked</i> to pass a law by the presiding +magistrate in the words “<i>velitis, jubeatis, Quirites</i>.” Hence +<i>rogare legem</i>, “to pass a bill.” When the people voted <i>two</i> +ballots were usually given them, one marked with the letters U R (i.e. +<i>uti rogas</i> or “yea”), and the other with A (i.e. <i>antiquo, +antiqua probo</i>, “I annul”).</p> + +<p><a name = "note28_5" id = "note28_5" href = "#tag28_5">5:</a> +<i>praeclaram gratiam</i>: “a fine return:” strongly ironical.</p> + +<p><a name = "note28_6" id = "note28_6" href = "#tag28_6">6:</a> +<i>hominem—cognitum</i>: i.e. <i>hominem novum</i>: the Romans +applied the term (<i>novus homo</i>) to the first of a family who had +raised himself to a consul office, <i>tam mature</i>: the <i>lex +annalis</i> enacted that no one could obtain the <i>quaetorship</i> till +he was 31; the <i>aedileship</i> till 37; the <i>praetorship</i> till +41; and the <i>consulship</i> till 43. Cicero means that he obtained +these offices as soon as he was eligible to hold them.</p> + +<p><a name = "note28_7" id = "note28_7" href = "#tag28_7">7:</a> +<i>propter invidiam</i>: “because of too disquieting fear of +unpopularity.”</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec29" id = "notes_sec29" href = "#sec29">§ +29.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note29_1" id = "note29_1" href = "#tag29_1">1:</a> +<i>num—pertimescenda?</i> “Is the ill-will arising from a strict +and a firm discharge of duty to be feared rather than that arising from +indolence and indifference.”</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">50</span> +<a name = "page50" id = "page50"> </a> +<h5><a name = "notes_chapXII" id = "notes_chapXII" href = "#chapXII"> +CHAPTER XII.</a></h5> + +<p><a name = "note29_2" id = "note29_2" href = "#tag29_2">2:</a> +<i>factu</i>: give rules for the use of the supines: H. 547.</p> + +<p><a name = "note29_3" id = "note29_3" href = "#tag29_3">3:</a> +<i>judicarem</i>: this tense in the <i>protasis</i> with the plupf. in +the <i>apodosis</i>, denotes that the action is going on +simultaneously.</p> + +<p><a name = "note29_4" id = "note29_4" href = "#tag29_4">4:</a> +<i>unius—horae</i>: “the enjoyment of a single hour.” +<i>Usura</i>: properly “interest” paid for the <i>use</i> of +capital.</p> + +<p><a name = "note29_5" id = "note29_5" href = "#tag29_5">5:</a> +<i>gladiatori isti</i>: contemptuously.</p> + +<p><a name = "note29_6" id = "note29_6" href = "#tag29_6">6:</a> +<i>etenim</i>: “and (well may I make this assertion), for:” cp. <span +class = "greek" title = "kai gar">καὶ γάρ</span>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note29_7" id = "note29_7" href = "#tag29_7">7:</a> +<i>summi viri</i>: referred to the <i>magistratus; clarissimi cives</i>, +to the <i>viri privati</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note29_8" id = "note29_8" href = "#tag29_8">8:</a> +<i>honestarunt</i>=<i>decoraverunt</i>: “graced.”</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec30" id = "notes_sec30" href = "#sec30">§ +30.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note30_1" id = "note30_1" href = "#tag30_1">1:</a> +<i>quamquam</i> = <span class = "greek" title = "kaitoi">καίτοι</span>, +corrective: “and yet.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note30_2" id = "note30_2" href = "#tag30_2">2:</a> +<i>qui—dissimulent</i>: “of such a character that they either are +blind to those evils which threaten us, or profess blindness in regard +to the things they see.” <i>Qui</i> = <i>tales ut</i>: H. 501: this +explains this <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘suhjunctive’">subjunctive</ins>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note30_3" id = "note30_3" href = "#tag30_3">3:</a> +<i>qui—aluerunt</i> = <i>hi—aluerunt</i>: not to be +connected with <i>nonnulli sunt</i>, as this would require +<i>aluerint</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note30_4" id = "note30_4" href = "#tag30_4">4:</a> +<i>si—animadvertissem</i>: “if I had punished him,”: with such a +meaning understand <i>supplicio</i>: the preposition <i>in</i> is +necessary when the meaning is “to punish with an authoritative and +steady hand.” <i>regie</i>: “in a tyrannical manner.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note30_5" id = "note30_5" href = "#tag30_5">5:</a> +<i>pervenerit</i>: fut. perf.</p> + +<p><a name = "note30_6" id = "note30_6" href = "#tag30_6">6:</a> +<i>paulisper—posse</i>: “may for a season be repressed, but <ins +class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘can-’ at line-end">cannot</ins> for ever be suppressed”; <i>reprimo</i>: to hold +in check merely for a short time; <i>comprimo</i>: to completely +check.</p> + +<p><a name = "note30_7" id = "note30_7" href = "#tag30_7">7:</a> +<i>se ejecerit</i> scil. <i>ex urbe</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note30_8" id = "note30_8" href = "#tag30_8">8:</a> +<i>ceteros naufragos</i>: “the rest of his shipwrecked band of +followers”: i.e., shipwrecked in character and fortune by reason of +their excesses.</p> + +<p><a name = "note30_9" id = "note30_9" href = "#tag30_9">9:</a> +<i>tam adulta pestis</i>: “this fully developed plague-poison”: +<i>adulta</i>: from root <i>ul, ol, al</i>, “high.”</p> + + +<h5><a name = "notes_chapXIII" id = "notes_chapXIII" href = "#chapXIII"> +CHAPTER XIII.</a></h5> + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec31" id = "notes_sec31" href = "#sec31">§ +31.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note31_1" id = "note31_1" href = "#tag31_1">1:</a> +<i><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘jamdia’">jamdiu</ins></i>: for the space of three years from the +consulate of Lepidus and Tullus, 66 B.C.; <i>nescio quo pacto</i>: +“in some way or other”: literally, “I know not on what terms”: cp. +<span class = "greek" title = "ouk oida hontina tropon [missing diacritics on “hontina”]">οὐκ οἶδα ὅντινα τρόπον</span>, <i>nescio quo +modo</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">51</span> +<a name = "page51" id = "page51"> </a> +<p><a name = "note31_2" id = "note31_2" href = "#tag31_2">2:</a> +<i>omnium—erupit</i>: a pregnant construction as if he had +meant: “all these crimes have been a-ripening up to, and the continued +career of frenzy and boldness have burst forth in, the time of my +consulship.” The metaphor is probably borrowed from an ulcer, bursting +when ripe.</p> + +<p><a name = "note31_3" id = "note31_3" href = "#tag31_3">3:</a> +<i>ex tanto latrocinio</i> = <i>ex tot latronum numero</i>, +<i>latrocinium</i> = <i>latrones</i>, cp. <i>servitium</i> = +<i>servi</i>: <i>conjuratio</i> = <i>conjurati—residebit</i>: the +metaphor is taken from a subtle poison in the system. The state is +looked upon by the orator as the body, the conspiracy as the fever, and +the execution of Catiline as the draught of cool water which momentarily +refreshes.</p> + +<p><a name = "note31_4" id = "note31_4" href = "#tag31_4">4:</a> +<i>visceribus</i>: <i>viscera</i> were the upper vitals, including the +heart, lungs, liver, &c: <i>intestina</i>, were the liver vitals. +Observe the force of <i>atque</i> and the repetition of the +preposition.</p> + +<p><a name = "note31_5" id = "note31_5" href = "#tag31_5">5:</a> +<i>cum—jactantur</i>: there is no hendiadys here, but merely an +accumulation of synonymous terms. Observe the middle force of +<i>jactantur</i>: “toss themselves about.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note31_6" id = "note31_6" href = "#tag31_6">6:</a> +<i>biberint</i>: Madvig reads <i>biberunt</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note31_7" id = "note31_7" href = "#tag31_7">7:</a> +<i>qui est</i>: “which exists.” —<i>relevatus</i>: +“mitigated.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note31_8" id = "note31_8" href = "#tag31_8">8:</a> +<i>vehementius—ingravescet</i>: “shall become more chronic if the +others are allowed to live”: <i>vivis reliquis</i>: abl. abs.</p> + + +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec32" id = "notes_sec32" href = "#sec32">§ +32.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note32_1" id = "note32_1" href = "#tag32_1">1:</a> +<i>praetoris urbani</i>: L. Valerius Flaccus was <i>Praetor Urbanus</i> +at this time, and the partisans of Catiline thronged around his +<i>tribunal</i> to intimidate him when delivering judgment in cases of +debt.</p> + +<p><a name = "note32_2" id = "note32_2" href = "#tag32_2">2:</a> +<i>obsīdĕre—curiam</i>: “to beset the senate house in arms.” +Romulus divided the people into three tribes (<i>tribus</i>) and each +tribe was divided into ten wards (<i>curiae</i>). Each <i>curia</i> had +a temple for the performance of its religious rites and for holding +political meetings: the root is <i>cur</i>: “to be powerful;” cp. +Quirites, hence, “the powerful men”: <span class = "greek" title = +"kurios, koiranos">κύριος, κοίρανος</span> +—<i>cum gladiis</i> = <i>armati</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note32_3" id = "note32_3" href = "#tag32_3">3:</a> +<i>malleolos</i>: properly <i>malleolus</i>, is “a hammer,” the +tranverse head of which was formed for holding pitch and tow. These +latter were set on fire and thrown slowly that they might not be +extinguished, to ignite houses and other buildings. Translate +“fire-darts.”</p> + +<p><a name = "note32_4" id = "note32_4" href = "#tag32_4">4:</a> +<i>quid—sentiat</i>: “what his sentiments are respecting the +state:” dep. quest. —<i>polliceor—fore</i>: what verbs are +construed with the future infinitive?</p> + +<p><a name = "note32_5" id = "note32_5" href = "#tag32_5">5:</a> +<i>patefacta—oppressa</i>: note the balancing of these words, and +the <i>asyndeton</i>.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">52</span> +<a name = "page52" id = "page52"> </a> +<p><b><a name = "notes_sec33" id = "notes_sec33" href = "#sec33">§ +33.</a>—</b> +<a name = "note33_1" id = "note33_1" href = "#tag33_1">1:</a> +<i>hisce ominibus</i>: “with these prophetic words”: a kind of abl. +absolute.</p> + +<p><a name = "note33_2" id = "note33_2" href = "#tag33_2">2:</a> +<i>cum—exitio</i>:<ins class = "correction" title = "open quote missing"> “</ins>with the best interests of the republic (fully +established), and with your own calamity and ruin (fully assured) and +with the destruction of these”: <i>cum</i> here denotes an accompanying +circumstance as a result or consequence of an action: <ins class = +"correction" title = "error for Z (Zumpt)?">z</ins>, 472.</p> + +<p><a name = "note33_3" id = "note33_3" href = "#tag33_3">3:</a> +<i>tu</i>: addressing the statue of Juppiter in the temple of Juppiter +Stator.</p> + +<p><a name = "note33_4" id = "note33_4" href = "#tag33_4">4:</a> +<i>auspiciis</i>: not only temples but also statues were consecrated, by +taking auspices.</p> + +<p><a name = "note33_5" id = "note33_5" href = "#tag33_5">5:</a> +<i>statorem</i>: “the flight staying”: see <a href = +"#note11_6">note 6, § 11</a>. A kind of rhetorical +exaggeration, as the temple was only viewed by Romulus and built much +later; Livy x. 37.</p> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "number missing"> +<a name = "note33_6" id = "note33_6" href = "#tag33_6">6:</a></ins> +<i>arcebis</i>: with a softened imperative force: so also +<i>mactabis</i>.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">53</span> +<a name = "page53" id = "page53"> </a> + +<p><a class = "toplink" href = "#contents">TOP</a></p> + +<h3><a name = "names" id = "names">PROPER NAMES.</a></h3> + +<hr class = "micro"> + + +<div class = "names"> + +<h5><a name = "names_A" id = "names_A" href = "#names">A</a></h5> + +<p><b>Ahāla, -ae</b>: m.: <i>Caius Servilius Ahala</i> was master of the +horse to the dictator Cincinnatus, 439 B.C. Spurius Maelius, +one of the <i>Equites</i>, bought corn at a low rate and distributed it +gratuitiously to the poor. By this he gained the favour of the +plebeians, but incurred the enmity of the patricians. When he was +summoned by the dictator to appear on the charge of aiming at royal +power, he refused, and Ahala, with an armed band, rushed into the crowd +where he was standing, and slew him. Cicero often praises the deed of +Ahala, but it is doubtful whether it can be defended.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_E" id = "names_E" href = "#names">E</a></h5> + +<p><b>Etrūrĭa, -ae</b>: f.: a large district of Italy, lying west and +north of the Tiber. This part of Italy was generally favorable to +Catiline. In it were <i>Faesulae</i>, and <i>Pistoria</i>, where +Catiline fell, 62 B.C.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_F" id = "names_F" href = "#names">F</a></h5> + +<p><b>Faesulae, ārum</b>: f.: now <i>Fiesole</i>, near Florentia +(<i>Florence</i>), in Etruria. Here Catiline raised the standard of +rebellion.</p> + +<p><b>Fŏrum Aurēlĭum, Fŏri Aurēlĭi</b>: n.: a town of Etruria, on +the Aurelian way; now <i>Monte Alto</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Flaccus, -i</b>: m.: <i>M. Fulvius Flaccus</i> was charged with +the execution of the Agrarian law of the Gracchi, and aided Tib. +Gracchus to gain for all the Italians the rights of Roman citizenship. +He was cited along with the consul Opimius to render an account of his +conduct with regard to the revolutionary measures then proposed. This he +refused to obey, and was slain along with his eldest son.</p> + +<p><b>Fulvius, -i</b>: m.: see preceding.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_G" id = "names_G" href = "#names">G</a></h5> + +<p><b>Gracchus, -i</b>: m.: <i>Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus</i> and +<i>Caius Sempronius Gracchus</i> were sons of Tiberius Sempronius +Gracchus and of Cornelia, Daughter of Scipio Africanus Major. The object +of both brothers was to have the public lands divided and given to the +poor, by allowing no one to hold more than 500 <i>jugera</i> of land. +The state was to compensate the wealthy for all the loss. Both brothers +fell in the sedition that arose out of their revolutionary schemes: +Tiberius in 132 B.C., and Caius in 122 B.C.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_I" id = "names_I" href = "#names">I</a></h5> + +<p><b>Itălĭa, -ae</b>: f.: Italy, a country of Southern Europe.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">54</span> +<a name = "page54" id = "page54"> </a> +<h5><a name = "names_J" id = "names_J" href = "#names">J</a></h5> + +<p><b>Jānŭārĭus, -a, -um</b>: adj.: of or belonging to +<i>January</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Juppĭter, Jŏvis</b>: m.: Juppiter, the supreme god of Roman +mythology.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_L" id = "names_L" href = "#names">L</a></h5> + +<p><b>Laeca, -ae</b>: m.: <i>M. Porcius Laeca</i>, an accomplice of +Catiline, who convened at his house the leading members of the +conspiracy.</p> + +<p><b>Lĕpĭdus, -i</b>: m.: <i>M’. Lepidus</i>, consul with +L. Volcatius Tullus 67 B.C.</p> + +<p><b>Lĕpĭdus, -i</b>: m.: <i>M. Lepidus</i>, consul with Catulus +79 B.C.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_M" id = "names_M" href = "#names">M</a></h5> + +<p><b>Maelĭus, -i</b>: m.: <i>Spurius Maelius</i>, a Roman +<i>Eques</i>, who attempted to gain regal power at Rome by securing the +favour of the plebeians 449 B.C. This he tried to do by supplying corn +at a low rate. He was summoned to appear before Cincinnatus, the +dictator, but refused, and was slain by Ahala.</p> + +<p><b>Manlĭānus, -a, -um</b>: adj.: of or belonging to Manlius.</p> + +<p><b>Manlĭus, -i</b>: m.: <i>Caius Manlius</i>, an accomplice of +Catiline, and sent to Etruria to collect troops. He commanded the right +wing of Catiline’s army at Pistoria, and “foremost fighting fell.”</p> + +<p><b>Marcellus, -i</b>: m.: <i>Marcus Marcellus</i>, an accomplice and +intimate friend of Catiline.</p> + +<p><b>Mĕtellus, -i</b>: m.: <i>Q. Caecilius Metellus Celer</i>, praetor +in 63 B.C. He was despatched by Cicero into the Gallic and Picene +districts to raise a force against Catiline. He was consul 61 B.C., +and poisoned by his wife Clodia 59 B.C.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_N" id = "names_N" href = "#names">N</a></h5> + +<p><b>Nŏvembris, -e</b>: adj.: belonging to November.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_O" id = "names_O" href = "#names">O</a></h5> + +<p><b>Opīmĭus, -i</b>: m.: <i>Lucius Opimius</i> was consul in +122 B.C. He opposed the designs of C. Gracchus.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_P" id = "names_P" href = "#names">P</a></h5> + +<p><b>Pălātĭum, -i</b>: n.: the Palatine hill was the largest of the +seven hills on which Rome was built. Romulus laid here the foundation of +the city, and here in the imperial period were the residences of the +Roman emperors.</p> + +<p><b>Praeneste, -is</b>: n.: now <i>Palestrina</i>, an ancient city of +Latium, 23 miles S.E. of Rome. Its citadel was remarkable for the +strength of its position.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_R" id = "names_R" href = "#names">R</a></h5> + +<p><b>Rōma, -ae</b>: f.: Rome, a celebrated town on the Tiber.</p> + +<p><b>Rōmānus, -a, -um</b>: adj.: of or belonging to Rome: +<i>Roman</i>.</p> + +<p><b>Rōmŭlus, -i</b>: m.; the founder of Rome and king of the city from +753-715 B.C.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">55</span> +<a name = "page55" id = "page55"> </a> +<h5><a name = "names_S" id = "names_S" href = "#names">S</a></h5> + +<p><b>Sāturnīnus, -i</b>: m.: <i>L. Saturninus</i>, a tribune of +the people and a violent partisan of Marius, who abetted him in his +numerous misdeeds. He is said to have caused the death of +C. Memmius 102 B.C. At length, after many cruel acts, the +people became aroused against him, and he was slain in the forum.</p> + +<p><b>Scīpĭo, -ōnis</b>: m.: <i>P. Cornelius Scipio Nasīca</i> was +consul 138 B.C. His character was held in the highest estimation by +his countrymen. He opposed the measures of Gracchi. After the death of +Tiberius Gracchus, unpopularity overtook Scipio, and he was sent to +Asia, where he died of chagrin.</p> + +<p><b>Servilius, -i</b>: m.: <i>C. Servilius Glaucia</i>, +a seditious and profligate individual, put to death +121 B.C.</p> + +<p><b>Stator</b>: “the flight staying:” an epithet of Juppiter.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_T" id = "names_T" href = "#names">T</a></h5> + +<p><b>Tullĭus, -i</b>: m.: <i>M. Tullius Cicero</i>. See +Introduction.</p> + +<p><b>Tullus, -i</b>: m.: See <i>M’. Lepidus</i>.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "names_V" id = "names_V" href = "#names">V</a></h5> + +<p><b>Vălērĭus, -i</b>: m.: <i>L. Valerius</i> a partner of Marius in +the consulship, 121 B.C.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div names --> + + +<span class = "pagenum">56</span> +<a name = "page56" id = "page56"> </a> +<h4><a name = "abbrev" id = "abbrev">ABBREVIATIONS.</a></h4> + +<table class = "abbrev" summary = "list of abbreviations"> +<col> +<col> +<col class = "leftline"> +<col> +<tr> +<td>a. <i>or</i> act.</td> +<td>active.</td> +<td>inf.</td> +<td>infinitive.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>abl.</td> +<td>ablative.</td> +<td>intens.</td> +<td>intensive.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>acc.</td> +<td>accusative.</td> +<td>interj.</td> +<td>interjection.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>adj.</td> +<td>adjective.</td> +<td>interrog.</td> +<td>interrogative.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>adv.</td> +<td>adverb.</td> +<td>m.</td> +<td>masculine.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>cp.</td> +<td>compare.</td> +<td>n.</td> +<td>neuter.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>com. gen.</td> +<td>common gender.</td> +<td>nom.</td> +<td>nominative.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>comp.</td> +<td>comparative degree.</td> +<td>num.</td> +<td>numeral.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>conj.</td> +<td>conjunction.</td> +<td>part.</td> +<td>participle.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>dat.</td> +<td>dative.</td> +<td>pa.</td> +<td>participal adjective.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>def.</td> +<td>defective.</td> +<td>pass.</td> +<td>passive.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>dem.</td> +<td>demonstrative.</td> +<td>perf.</td> +<td>perfect.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>dep.</td> +<td>deponent.</td> +<td>pl.</td> +<td>plural.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>dim.</td> +<td>diminutive.</td> +<td>pluperf.</td> +<td>pluperfect.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>f.</td> +<td>feminine.</td> +<td>pos.</td> +<td>positive degree.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>fr.</td> +<td>from.</td> +<td>poss.</td> +<td>possessive.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>fut.</td> +<td>future.</td> +<td>prep.</td> +<td>preposition.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>freq.</td> +<td>frequentative.</td> +<td>pres.</td> +<td>present.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>gen.</td> +<td>genitive.</td> +<td>pret.</td> +<td>preteritive.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Gr.</td> +<td>Greek.</td> +<td>pron.</td> +<td>pronoun.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>imperat.</td> +<td>imperative.</td> +<td>rel.</td> +<td>relative.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>impers.</td> +<td>impersonal.</td> +<td>semi-dep.</td> +<td>semi-deponent.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>inc.</td> +<td>inceptive.</td> +<td>sing.</td> +<td>singular.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>inch.</td> +<td>inchoative.</td> +<td>subj.</td> +<td>subjunctive.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>ind.</td> +<td>indicative.</td> +<td>sup.</td> +<td>superlative degree.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>indecl</td> +<td>indeclinable.</td> +<td>voc.</td> +<td>vocative.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>indef.</td> +<td>indefinite.</td> +<td>=</td> +<td>equal to.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<p><i>N.B.</i>—Where the etymology is not given, the word is of +very uncertain or unknown origin.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">57</span> +<a name = "page57" id = "page57"> </a> + +<h3><a name = "vocab" id = "vocab">VOCABULARY.</a></h3> + +<hr class = "micro"> + +<p><a class = "toplink" href = "#contents">TOP</a></p> + +<div class = "mynote"> +<p>Most verbs are given in a non-standard order, with the present active +infinitive placed <i>after</i> the other principal parts. Exceptions are +mainly irregular verbs such as <i>eo</i>, <i>ferre</i>, <i>fio</i>, +<i>volo</i> and their compounds.</p> + +<p class = "center"> +<a href = "#vocab_A"> A </a> +<a href = "#vocab_B"> B </a> +<a href = "#vocab_C"> C </a> +<a href = "#vocab_D"> D </a> +<a href = "#vocab_E"> E </a> +<a href = "#vocab_F"> F </a> +<a href = "#vocab_G"> G </a> +<a href = "#vocab_H"> H </a> +<a href = "#vocab_I"> I </a> +<a href = "#vocab_J"> J </a> +<a href = "#vocab_L"> L </a><br> +<a href = "#vocab_M"> M </a> +<a href = "#vocab_N"> N </a> +<a href = "#vocab_O"> O </a> +<a href = "#vocab_P"> P </a> +<a href = "#vocab_Q"> Q </a> +<a href = "#vocab_R"> R </a> +<a href = "#vocab_S"> S </a> +<a href = "#vocab_T"> T </a> +<a href = "#vocab_U"> U </a> +<a href = "#vocab_V"> V </a> +</p> +</div> + +<div class = "vocab"> + +<h5><a name = "vocab_A" id = "vocab_A" href = "#vocab">A</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">ā, ab, abs</span>, prep. with abl. (a, only +before consonants; ab, before vowels and consonants). <i>From, away +from; by</i> [akin to Gr. <span class = "greek" title = +"ap-o">ἀπ-ό</span>].</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ab-eo</span>, īre, īi, ĭtum, v. n. [ab, +“away;” ĕo, “to go”] <i>To go away, depart.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ab-horreo</span>, horrui, no sup., horrēre, n. +and a. [ab, “from;” horreo, “to dread”] <i>To be averse</i> or +<i>disinclined to; to be free from.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ab-sum</span>, esse, fui, n. irreg. <i>To be +away from; to be absent.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ab-ūtor</span>, ūsus sum, uti, dep. n. [ab, +“away from,” hence “wrongly;” utor, “I use”] <i>To misuse, +abuse.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ac</span>, conj. (used before consonants). +<i>And.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ācer</span>, ācris, ācre, adj. [<span class = +"smallcaps">ac</span>, “to sharpen”] <i>Sharp, severe.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">āc-erb-us</span>, a, um, adj. (ac-er) +<i>Unripe, sour; violent.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">āc-ĭes</span>, iēi, f. (ac-er) <i>An edge, +point.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ācr-ĭter</span>, adv. (ācer) <i>Strongly, +sharply, keenly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad</span>, prep. with acc. Locally: a, <i>To, +towards</i>. —(b) <i>Before</i> a place. —<i>Up to</i> a +certain time. —With Gerunds or Gerundives: <i>For, for the +purposes of.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-dūco</span>, duxi, ductum, dūcĕre, a. [ad, +“to;” duco, “I lead”] <i>To lead to; induce, lead.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-eo</span>, adv. <i>So far; so long; so +much.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-fero</span>, ferre, attuli, allātum, irr. +a. (ad; fero) <i>To bring to, bring.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">adflic-to</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a., +intens. (for adflig-to, fr. adflig-o). <i>To greatly trouble, harass, +annoy.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-grego</span>: see aggrego.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-hibeo</span>, hibui, hibitum, hĭbēre, a. +(ad; habeo) <i>To apply to, to use, employ.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-huc</span>, adv. <i>Thus far, up to this +time.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-minister</span>, tri, m. [ad, “to;” +ministro, “to serve”] <i>A servant, assistant.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-mīror</span>, mīratus sum; mīrari [ad, +“to;” miror, “to wonder at”] dep. <i>To wonder at, admire.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-sĕquor</span>, secūtus (quūtus), sequi, +dep. a. <i>To follow, pursue.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-servo</span>, servāvi, servātum, servāre +[ad, “to;” servo, “to keep”] <i>To preserve, protect.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ad-sĭdĕo</span>, sēdi, sessum, sĭdēre [ad, +“near;” sedeo, “to sit”] n. (ad; sedeo) <i>To sit by</i> or +<i>near.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ădŭlesc-ens</span>, entis, m. and f. [ad, +“to;” ŏlesco, “to grow;” the root assumes the form of <span class = +"smallcaps">al, ol, ul</span>, in Latin as <i>altus, sub-oles, +adultus</i>] <i>A young man</i> (from the 15th or 17th until past the +30th year).</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ădŭlescent-ulus</span>, i, m., dim. +(adulescens) <i>A <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘youn’">young</ins> man; stripling.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ădul-tus</span>, a, um, part. (adol-esco) +<i>Grown up, adult, full-grown.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">adven-tus</span>, ūs, m. [ad, “to;” venio, “to +come”] <i>A coming, arrival.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">aeger</span>, gra, grum, adj. <i>Weak, +sick.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">aequus</span>, a, um, adj. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">ik</span>, “to make even:” cp. aequor] <i>Plain, smooth, +even;</i> aequo animo, <i>with great composure.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">aes-tus</span>, ūs, m. [for aed-tus: root +<span class = "smallcaps">aed</span>, “to burn:” cp. aestas; <span class += "greek" title = "aithô">αἴθω</span>] <i>Heat.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">aet-ernus</span>, a, um, adj. [for ae (vi) +ternus: root <span class = "smallcaps">aiv</span>, a lengthened +form of <span class = "smallcaps">i</span>, “to go;” cp. <span class = +"greek" title = "aiôn">αἰών</span>] <i>Eternal, everlasting.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ag-grĕgo</span>, grĕgāvi, grĕgātum, gregare, +v. a. [ad; grex, <i>to lead to a flock</i>] <i>To assemble, collect +together.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">58</span> +<a name = "page58" id = "page58"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">a-gnosco</span>, gnōvi, gnĭtum, gnoscĕre, a. +(for ad-gnosco, gnosco = nosco) <i>To recognize, to discern.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ăgo</span>, ĕgi, actum, ăgĕre [<span class = +"smallcaps">ag</span>, “to set in motion”] a. <i>To drive; to do, +perform, effect; to treat; plead.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">aio</span>, def. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">agh</span>, “to say”] <i>To speak; to say “yes;” to +affirm.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ălĭ-ēnus</span>, a, um, adj. (ali-us, +belonging to the) <i>Belonging to another, foreign; unfriendly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ălĭqu-ando</span>, adv.<ins class = +"correction" title = "no closing parenthesis"> (</ins>aliquis, <i>of +time, past, future, and present. At some time or other; at +length.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ălĭ-qui</span>, qua, quod, indef. pron. adj, +(ali-us; qui) <i>Some, any.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ălĭquid</span>, adv. (adverbial neut. acc. of +aliquis) <i>In some degree, somewhat.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ălĭ-quis</span>, aliquid [fem. sing, and fem. +and neut. plur. not used; alius; quis, root <span class = +"smallcaps">al</span>, “another:” cp. alter, <span class = "greek" title += "allos">ἄλλος</span>: Eng. else], indef. pron. subst. <i>Some one, any +one; something.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ălĭquo</span>, adv. (adverbial abl. of +aliquis) <i>Some whither, to some place.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ălĭ-quot</span>, indef. num. adj., indecl. +(alius; quot) <i>Some, several.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ălĭus</span>, a, ud, adj, (gen. sing. alĭus, +dat. alii) <i>Another, other</i>; alius ... alius, <i>one ... +another.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ălo</span>, ălŭi, ălĭtum, or altum, alĕre, a. +<i>To nourish; to foster.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">altārĭa</span>, ium, n. (alt-um, things +pertaining to the; hence) <i>An altar.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">āmentĭa</span>, ae, f. [a, prio, mens, “mind”] +<i>Madness.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">am-īcus</span>, i, m. (amo) <i>A +friend.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ampl-ĭus</span>, comp. adv. <i>More; +longer.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">am-plus</span>, a, um, adj. [am = ambi, +“around;” root <span class = "smallcaps">ple</span>, “to fill;” hence +<i>plebs, pleo, plenus</i>] <i>Abundant, full; illustrious, +noble.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">an</span>, conj. <i>Or, whether.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ănĭm-adverto</span>, verti, versum, advertĕre, +a. (animus; adverto) <i>To attend to; to consider, perceive</i>; +animadvertere in aliquem, <i>to inflict punishment on one.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ănĭmus</span>, i, m. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">au</span>, “to breathe”] <i>The mind; disposition, +thought.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">annus</span>, i, m. [perhaps for amnus; root +<span class = "smallcaps">am</span>, “to go round”] <i>A year.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ante</span>, prep. with acc. <i>Before, in +front of;</i> as adverb, <i>before, previously.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ant-īquus</span>, a, um, adj. [ant-e, +“before”] <i>Ancient, old.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ăperte</span>, adv. (apertus) +<i>Openly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ăpud</span>, prep. with acc. (obs. apo, <i>to +seize</i>) <i>Near, at, by, with.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ăqua</span>, ae, f. <i>Water.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ăquĭla</span>, ae, f. [<span class = +"smallcaps">ac</span>, “sharp,” or “swift”] <i>The eagle; the standard +of the legion.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">arbĭtr-or</span>, ātus sum, ari, v. dep. a. +[ar = ad, “to;” bito, “to go:” hence one who approaches a cause to +enquire into it] <i>To judge, think.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">arcĕo</span>, arcŭi, no sup., arcēre [root +<span class = "smallcaps">arc</span>, “to protect:” cp. arcus, <span +class = "greek" title = "arkein">ἀρκεῖν</span>] a. <i>To shut up; to +keep</i> or <i>hold off.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ardĕo</span>, arsi, arsum, ardēre, n. <i>To +burn, blaze.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">argent-ĕus</span>, a, um, adj. (argentum, +pertaining to) <i>Of silver.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">arma</span>, ōrum, n. pl. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">ar</span>, “to fit:” hence all things fitted on] <i>Arms, +weapons.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">armā-tus</span>, i, m. <i>An armed man, a +soldier.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">arm-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre. <i>To furnish +with arms; to arm.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">aspec-tus</span>, tūs, m. (aspic-io) <i>A +seeing, sight.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">at [old form <i>ast</i>: cp. <span class = +"greek" title = "at-ar">ἀτ-άρ</span>]</span>, conj. <i>But, yet</i> (to +introduce a reason for a supposed objection), <i>but certainly, but +consider.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">atque or āc (the latter only before +consonants)</span>, conj. <i>And also, and especially.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ātrox</span>, ōcis, [a, intens.: trux, +“cruel”] adj. <i>Horrid, terrible, frightful.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">at-tendo (3)</span>, tendi, tentum, a. (ad; +tendo) <i>To apply the mind to; to consider.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">auctor</span>, ōris, m. (augeo) <i>An author, +contriver.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">auctōrĭtas</span>, ātis, f. (auctor) +<i>Authority.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">59</span> +<a name = "page59" id = "page59"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">audā-cĭa</span>, ae, f. (audax, the quality of +the) <i>Audacity, insolence.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">audĕo</span>, ausus sum, audēre, semidep. +<i>To dare.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">audĭo</span>, audĭvi, audītum, audīre [<span +class = "smallcaps">av</span>, “to hear”] a. <i>To hear.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">aur-is</span>, is, f. (audio, <i>the hearing +thing</i>) <i>The ear.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">auspĭc-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (auspex, <i>a bird +inspector, diviner</i>, one who marks the flight and cries of birds, and +then gives predictions] <i>Augury from birds, auspices.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">aut</span>, conj. <i>Or</i>; aut ... aut, +<i>either ... or.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">autem</span>, conj. <i>But, moreover.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">avus [<span class = +"smallcaps">av</span></span>, “to hear,” hence “to obey,” cp. obedio], +i, m. <i>A grandfather.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_B" id = "vocab_B" href = "#vocab">B</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">bacch-or (1)</span>, dep. n. (Bacch-us) <i>To +revel.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">b-ellum (old form du-ellum)</span>, i, n. +(duo, <i>a contest between two parties</i>) <i>War, warfare.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">bĭbo</span>, bibi, no sup., bĭbĕre [root <span +class = "smallcaps">po</span>, “to drink;” cp. poto, <span class = +"greek" title = "pinô">πίνω</span>], a. <i>To drink.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">bŏnum</span>, i, n. <i>A good thing</i>; in +pl., <i>goods.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">bŏnus</span>, a, um, adj. (comp. melior, sup. +optimus) <i>Good, well-disposed.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">brĕvis</span>, e, adj. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">frag</span>, “to break”] <i>Little, small, short.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_C" id = "vocab_C" href = "#vocab">C</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">caedes</span>, is, f. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">cad</span>, “to fall:” cp. cado] <i>Slaughter.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">caelum</span>, i, n. [for cavillum; fr. cavus, +“hollow”] <i>Heaven.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">calamitas</span>, ātis, f. [for cadamitas; +root <span class = "smallcaps">cad</span>, “to fall”] <i>Loss, calamity, +disaster.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">campus</span>, i, m. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">scap</span>, “to dig:” cp. <span class = "greek" title = +"kêpos">κῆπος</span>] <i>A plain, field.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">căpĭo</span>, cēpi, captum, căpĕre [root <span +class = "smallcaps">cap</span>, “to hold”] a. <i>To take</i>; consilium +capere, <i>to form a plan</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">carcer</span>, ĕris, m. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">arc</span>, “to enclose:” cp. ark] <i>A prison.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cărĕo</span>, ŭi, ĭtum, ēre, n. <i>To be +without.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cārus</span>, a, um, adj. [for camrus: cam, +“to love:” amare = (c)amare] <i>Dear, precious.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">castrum</span>, i, n. [for scadtrum: <span +class = "smallcaps">scad</span>, “to cover:” Eng. shed] +<i>A castle, fort</i>; in pl., castra, ōrum, n. <i>a camp</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cā-sus</span>, sūs, um. (for cad-sus, fr. +cad-o, “to fall”) <i>Accident, chance.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">causa</span>, ae, f. <i>A cause, +reason.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cēdo</span>, cessi, cessum, cēdĕre, n. <i>To +go; to yield.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">certē</span>, adv. (certus) +<i>Certainly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cer-tus</span>, a, um, adj. (cer-no) +<i>Decided, fixed, definite.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cēterus</span>, a, um, (the nom. sing, masc. +not in use), adj. <i>The other, the rest, the remainder.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">circum-clūdo</span>, clūsi, clūsum, clūdĕre +(circum; claudo). <i>To shut in, enclose.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">circum-sto</span>, steti, no sup., stāre, n. +or a. <i>To stand around.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cīvis</span>, is, com. gen. [root <span class += "smallcaps">ci</span>, “to lie,” or “dwell:” hence “a dweller”] <i>A +citizen.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cīv-itas, ātis</span>, f. (id., the condition +or state of the; gen. pl., ium and um) <i>Citizenship; +a state.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">clāmo</span>, clāmāvi, clāmātum, clāmăre [root +<span class = "smallcaps">cal</span>, “to shout”] n. and a. <i>To call, +shout aloud.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">clārus</span>, a, um, adj. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">kal</span>. “to call”] <i>Clear, renowned.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">clē-mens</span>, mentis, adj. (clino, <i>to +bend</i>; mens, <i>having the heart bent</i>) <i>Mild, kind.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">coepi</span>, coepisse, a. or n. def. +(contracted fr. co-apio, fr. con; apo, <i>to seize</i>) <i>To +begin.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">co-erceo</span>, ui, itum, ercere, a. (con; +arceo, <i>to shut up</i>) <i>To surround, restrain, check.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">coe-tus</span>, tūs, m. [con, “together:” eo, +“to go”] <i>A coming together; an assemblage, company.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cō-gito</span>, gitāvi, gĭtātum, gĭtăre [co = +con, “together:” agito, “to set in motion”] <i>To weigh thoroughly in +the mind; to think over; reflect upon; plan.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">co-gnosco</span>, gnōvi, gnitum, gnoscĕre, a. +[co (= cum), in augmentative</p> +<span class = "pagenum">60</span> +<a name = "page60" id = "page60"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">sense; gnosco = nosco</span>, “to become +acquainted with”] <i>To know.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">col-ligo</span>, lēgi, lectum, lĭgĕre [col +(= cum), in an augmentative sense; lego, “to gather”] <i>To gather +or collect together.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">col-loco</span>, a. (con; loco) <i>To lay, +place.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cŏlōn-ĭa</span>, ae, f. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">col</span>, “to till;” cp. colo] <i>A colony, +settlement.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cŏm-e-s</span>, ĭtis, com. gen. (con; eo, +<i>one who goes with another</i>) <i>A companion.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cŏm-ĭ-tĭum</span>, ii, n. (con; i, root of eo, +<i>a coming together</i>) <i>The Comitium</i>, i.e. the place where the +Romans assembled to vote; in pl., <i>the comitia</i>, i.e. <i>the +assembly itself</i>, hence <i>election</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">commendā-tĭo</span>, tĭōnis, f. (commend[a]-o) +<i>A recommendation, praise.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">com-mitto</span>, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. +(con; mitto, <i>to cause to go together</i>) <i>To commit.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">com-mŏvĕo</span>, mōvi, mōtum, mŏvēre, a. +(con; moveo) <i>To move, rouse.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">com-mūnis</span>, e, adj. [com = cum; munis, +“serving”] <i>Common, general.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">com-păro</span>, părāvi, părātum, părārĭ, v. +a. [com = cum; paro, “to prepare”] <i>To make ready.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">com-pĕrio</span>, pĕri, pertum, perīre, a. +(cum; root per, akin to perior, <i>to go through</i>) <i>To +discover.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">compĕt-ītor</span>, ōris, m. [com = <ins class += "correction" title = "text reads ‘bum’">cum</ins>; peto, “to seek;” +hence to seek office] <i>A rival, competitor.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">com-plūres</span>, a, and ia, adj. (con; plus) +<i>Several together, very many.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">com-prĕhendo</span>, prĕhendi, prĕhensum, +prehendere [com = cum; intensive: prehendo, “to seize”] <i>To lay hold +of, arrest.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">com-prĭmo</span>, pressi, pressum, primĕre, a. +(con; premo) <i>To press together; to hinder, check.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cōnā-tus</span>, tūs, m. <i>An +attempt.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-cēdo</span>, cessi, cessum, cēdĕre, n. or +a. <i>To depart, withdraw.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">concĭ-to</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. +(conci-eo, <i>to urge</i>) <i>To rouse up, excite.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger"><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘can’">con</ins>-cŭpi-sco</span>, cŭpīvi or cŭpii, cŭp-ītum, cŭpiscĕre, +a. inch, (con; cupi-o) <i>To be very desirous of; to long for.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">concur-sus</span>, sūs, m. [for concurr-sus, +fr. concurr-o, the action of) <i>A running, flocking together; +a concourse.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-demno</span>, demnāvi, demnātum, demnāre, +v. a. [con = cum, intensive; damnum, “loss”] a. (con; damno) <i>To +condemn.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-fĕro</span>, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. [con = +cum, intensive; fero, “to bring” or “bear”] <i>To bring; to carry; to +direct; to arrange.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">confes-tim</span>, adv. +<i>Immediately.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-ficio</span>, fēci, fectum, fĭcĕre, a, +(con; facio) <i>To prepare, complete; to exhaust.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-fīdo</span>, fīsus sum, fīdĕre, n. or a. +semi-dep. <i>To trust; to believe certainly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-firmo</span>, firmāvi, firmātum, firmāre. +<i>To strengthen; to assure.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-flāgro</span>, flāgrāvi, flāgrātum, +flāgrāre [con = cum, in an augmentative; <span class = +"smallcaps">flag</span>, “to burn;” cp. flamma (= flag-ma)] <i>To +be on fire, to burn up.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-flo</span>, flāre, flāvi, flātum. <i>To +blow together, kindle; to excite.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-grĕgo</span>, grĕgāvi, grĕgātum, grĕgāre, +a. (con; grex) <i>To flock together, assemble, unite.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-jĭcĭo</span>, jēci, jectum, jĭcĕre, a. +(con; jacio) <i>To hurl, send, cast.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-jungo</span>, junxi, junctum, jungĕre, a. +<i>To join together, unite, associate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">conjūrā-tĭo</span>, ōnis, f. (<ins class = +"correction" title = "‘n’ invisible">conjūr[a]-o</ins>, the action of) +<i>An agreement; conspiracy, plot.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">conjūrā-tus</span>, m. (id.) <i>A +conspirator.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">conl</span>: see coll.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cōnor</span>, ātus sum, āri, dep. <i>To +undertake, attempt.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">conscĭentia</span>, ae, f. (consciens, +<i>conscious</i>) <i>Consciousness, knowledge</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-scrībo</span>, scripsi, scriptum, +scrībĕre, a. <i>To write together</i> (in a list); <i>to enroll.</i></p> + + +<p><span class = "larger">con-scrībo</span>, scripsi, scriptum, +scrĭbĕre, a. <i>To write together</i> (in a list); <i>to enroll.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">61</span> +<a name = "page61" id = "page61"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">conscrip-tus</span>, a, um, part. (for +scrib-tus, fr. conscrib-o) As noun, m. (sc. pater) <i>a senator</i>; +patres conscripti, <i>the old senators together with those who were +afterwards admitted</i> (enrolled) <i>into its ranks</i>; originally, +patres et conscripti, <i>senators</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">consen-sĭo</span>, ōnis, f. (con-sentio) +<i>Unanimity, agreement.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">consensus</span>, ūs, m. [id.] <i>Unanimity, +agreement.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-servo</span>, servāvi, servātum, servāre, +a. <i>To preserve.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">consĭliŭm</span>, ii, n. <i>Deliberation, +counsel; plan, purpose; council.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-spĭcĭo</span>, spexi, spectum, spĭcĕre, a. +(con; specio, <i>to look</i>) <i>To observe, behold.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-stĭtŭo</span>, stĭtŭi, stĭtūtum, stĭtŭere, +a. (con; statuo) <i>To place; to erect; to arrange, settle, agree upon; +to appoint.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-stringo</span>, strinxi, strictum, +stringĕre, a. <i>To draw, bind together; to hold, hold fast.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">consul</span>, ŭlis, m. <i>A consul</i>, one +of the two chief magistrates of the Roman state, chosen yearly after the +expulsion of the kings.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">consŭl-āris</span>, e, adj. (consul) <i>Of</i> +or <i>pertaining to a consul; consular</i>; as noun, m., <i>ex-consul; +one of the rank of consul.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">consŭl-ātus</span>, ūs, m. (consul) <i>The +consulship.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">consŭl-o</span>, ŭi, tum, ĕre, n. or a. <i>To +consider, consult</i>; consulere alicui, <i>to take counsel for some +one</i>; consulere aliquem, <i>to ask the advice of some one</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">consul-tum</span>, i, n. (con-sulo) <i>A +decree, decision.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-tā-mĭno</span>, a. (for con-tag-mino; fr. +con; tag, root of tango) <i>To defile, contaminate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">conten-tus</span>, a, um, part. (contineo) +<i>Contented, satisfied.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-tĭnĕo</span>, tĭnŭi, tentum, tĭnēre, a. +(con; tene) <i>To hold together; to keep in, restrain, confine.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-tingo</span>, tĭgi, tactum, tingĕre, a. +(con; tango) <i>To touch, take hold of; to happen.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">contrā</span>, adv. and prep. with acc. +<i>Against, contrary to.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">contumēl-ĭa</span>, ae, f. (obsolete +contumēl-us, <i>swelling greatly</i>) <i>Abuse, insult, disgrace; +reproach.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-vĕnĭo</span>, vēni, ventum, vĕnīre, n. or +a. <i>To assemble</i>; used impersonally, <i>it is suitable, +proper</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-vinco</span>, vīci, victum, vincĕre, a. +<i>To convict.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">con-vŏco</span>, vŏcāvi, vŏcātum, vŏcāre, a. +[con, “together;” voco, “to call”] <i>To convoke, assemble.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cō-p-ĭa</span>, ae, f. (contracted fr. +co-op-ia, fr. con; ops) <i>Abundance; wealth, riches; forces, troops</i> +(generally in plural with the latter two meanings).</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">corpus</span>, ŏris, n. <i>A body, +corpse.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cor-rĭgo</span>, rexi, rectum, rīgĕre, a. +(con; rego) <i>To make straight; to improve, correct.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cor-rōbŏro</span>, a. (con; rōbŏro, <i>to +strengthen</i>) <i>To strengthen; to corroborate, support.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">corrupt-ēla</span>, ae, f. (corru[m]po) +<i>That which corrupts; a corruption, seduction: seductive +arts.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cot-ī-dīē</span>, adv. (quot; (i); die, abl. +of dies) <i>Daily.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">crēdo</span>, dĭdi, dĭtum, crēdĕre n. or a. +<i>To trust in, believe; to think, suppose.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cresco</span>, crēvi, crētum, crescĕre, n. +[root <span class = "smallcaps">cre</span>, “to make grow;” cp. creo] +<i>To grow, increase.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">crūdēlĭ-ter</span>, adv. (crudēlis, +<i>cruel</i>) <i>Cruelly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cum</span>, prep, with abl. <i>With.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cum</span>. <i>When, since, though.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cŭmŭl-o</span>, a. (cumul-us) <i>To +accumulate; to complete; to increase.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cunctus</span>, a, um, adj. (contracted from +conjunctus) <i>The whole, all.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cupīd-ĭtas</span>, ātis, f. (cupidus) +<i>Desire; passion; eagerness; avarice.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cŭp-ĭdus</span>, a, um, adj. (cup-io) +<i>Longing, desirous.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cŭpĭo</span>, īvi or ii, ītum, cŭpĕre, a. and +n. <i>To long for, desire.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cur</span>, adv. <i>Why?</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">cur-a</span>, ae, f. (for caer-a, fr. caero, +old form of quaero) <i>Trouble, care.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">62</span> +<a name = "page62" id = "page62"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">cūrĭa</span>, ae, f. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">cur</span>, “to be strong;” cp. <span class = "greek" title += "kurios, kurein">κύριος, κυρεῖν</span>] <i>Senate-house.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">custōdĭ-a</span>, ae, f. (<ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘eustod-io’">custod-io</ins>) <i>Watch, +guard, custody.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">custōd-ĭo</span>, īvi, ītum, īre, a. (cus-tos) +<i>To watch, guard.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">custos</span>, ōdis, com. gen. <i>A guard, +protector.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_D" id = "vocab_D" href = "#vocab">D</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">de</span>, prep, with abl. <i>From; +concerning, on account of.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-bĕo</span>, bŭi, bĭtum, bēre, a. (de; +habeo) <i>To have from; to owe; to be in <ins class = "correction" title += "text reads ‘dutg’">duty</ins> bound to, ought, must.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-cerno</span>, crēvi, crētum, cernĕre, a. +<i>To decide, decree.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dēclīnā-tĭo</span>, ōnis, f. (declin[a]-o) +<i>A turning aside; a departure; an avoiding, shunning.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dĕ-dĕcus</span>, ŏris, n. <i>Disgrace, +dishonor.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-fendo</span>, fendi, fensum, fendĕre, a. +<i>To ward off; to defend, guard.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-fĭcĭo</span>, fēci, fectum, fĭcĕre, a. or +n. (de: facio) <i>To leave; to desert, revolt.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-fīgo</span>, fixi, fixum, fīgĕre, a. <i>To +fix down; to drive; to plunge.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">de-inde</span>, adv. <i>After this, next, +then.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dēlec-to</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. +(dēlic-io, <i>to allure</i>) <i>To delight, please.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dēlĕo</span>, ēvi, ētum, ēre, a. <i>To +destroy, annihilate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-lĭgo</span>, lēgi, lectum, lĭgĕre, a. (de; +lego) <i>To choose out, select.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-migro</span>, migrāvi, migrātum, migrāre, +n. <i>To migrate from; to emigrate; to depart.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dēnĭque</span>, adv. <i>At length, finally; in +a word, briefly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-pōno</span>, pŏsŭi, pŏsĭtum, pōnĕre, a. +<i>To lay down; to lay aside.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-prĕcor</span>, prĕcātus sum, prĕcāre, dep. +(de; precor, <i>to pray</i>) <i>To avert by prayer; to avert.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-rĕlinquo</span>, līqui, lictum, rĕlinquĕre, +a. <i>To abandon, desert.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-scrībo</span>, scripsi, scriptum, scrībĕre, +a. <i>To mark off, to divide.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-sīdĕro</span>, sīdĕrāvi, sīdĕrātum, +sīdĕrāre, v. a. <i>To long for, desire; to miss; to regret, +require.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-signo</span>, signāvi, signātum, signāre, +v. a. (de; signo, <i>to mark</i>) <i>To mark out, designate; to +elect.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-sĭno</span>, sīvi or sĭi, sĭtum, sĭnĕre, a. +and n. <i>To leave off, cease..</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-sisto</span>, stĭti, stĭtum, n. <i>To +desist.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-sum</span>, esse, fŭi. n. <i>To be away, to +fail, be wanting.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-testor</span>, testātus sum, testāri, dep. +(de; testor, <i>to be a witness</i>) <i>To curse; to deprecate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dētrī-mentum</span>, i, n. (for +deter-[i]mentum fr. deter-o, <i>that which rubs off</i>) <i>Loss, +damage.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">deus</span>, i, m. <i>A god.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dē-vŏvĕo</span>, vōvi, vōtum, vŏvĕre, a. <i>To +vow, devote.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dexter</span>, tĕra, tĕrum, and tra, trum, +adj. <i>Right, on the right</i>; dextra, ae, f., <i>the right +hand</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dīco</span>, dixi, dictum, dīcĕre, a. [<span +class = "smallcaps">dic</span>, “to point out”] <i>To say, +assert.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dĭes</span>, ēi, m. (in sing. sometimes f.) +<i>A day</i>; in dies, <i>from day to day, daily</i> (with an idea of +increase).</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">diffĭcul-tas</span>, ātis, f. (for +difficil-tas, fr. difficil-is, the state or condition of) <i>Difficulty, +perplexity.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dignus</span>, a, um, adj. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">dic</span>, “to point out”] <i>Worthy.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dīlĭg-ens</span>, entis, part, (dilig-o) +<i>Careful, diligent.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dīlĭgen-ter</span>, adv. (diligens) +<i>Attentively, diligently, earnestly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dīligent-ĭa</span>, ae, f. (diligens, the +quality of the) <i>Diligence.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dī-mitto</span>, mīsi, missum, mĭttĕre, a. +<i>To dismiss.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dīrep-tĭo</span>, ōnis, f. (for dirap-tio. fr. +dirap, true root of dirip-io) A <i>plundering, pillaging.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dis-cēdo</span>, cessi, cessum, cēdĕre, n. +<i>To depart.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dis-cerno</span>, crēvi, crētum, cernĕre, a. +<i>To separate, divide.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">disces-sus</span>, sus, m. (for disced-sus, +fr. disced-o, the action of) <i>A departure.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">63</span> +<a name = "page63" id = "page63"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">discĭpl-īna</span>, ae, f. (for discipul-ina, +fr. discipul-us, a thing pertaining to the) <i>Instruction; +science, skill; custom, method, discipline.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dissĭmŭl-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. +(dissimil-is) <i>To pretend a thing is not what it is; to +dissemble.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dissŏlū-tus</span>, a, um, part. (for +dissolv-tus, fr. dissolv-o) <i>Lax, remiss, negligent.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dis-trĭbŭo</span>, tribui, tribūtum, trĭbŭĕre, +a. <i>To distribute.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dĭ-u</span>, adv. (di-es) <i>A long time, +long.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">do</span>, dăre, dĕdi, dătum, a. <i>To give, +give up.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dŏl-or</span>, ōris, m. (dol-eo) <i>Pain, +sorrow.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dŏmes-tĭcus</span>, a, um, adj. (dom-s) +<i>Domestic, private.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dŏmus. ūs and i (domi</span>, loc.), f. <i>A +house, abode</i>; domi, <i>at home</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dŭb-ĭto</span>, ĭtāvi, ĭtātum, ĭtāre, n. +intens. (primitive form du-bo, fr. du-o, <i>to vibrate to and fro</i>) +<i>To doubt, hesitate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dūco</span>, duxi, ductum, dūcĕre, a. <i>To +lead, conduct.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dum</span>, conj. <i>While, as long as, until, +if.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dŭo</span>, ae, o, card. num. adj. +<i>Two.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dŭodĕcĭm-us</span>, a, um, ord. num. adj. +(duodecim) <i>The twelfth.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">dux</span>, dŭcis, com. gen. (dūco) <i>A +leader, commander, general.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_E" id = "vocab_E" href = "#vocab">E</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">ē</span>, prep, with abl.; see ex.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ec-quis</span>, quod (ec = e; quis), inter. +subst. pron. <i>Whether any? any one? any thing?</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ēd-ūco</span>, duxi, ductum, dūcĕre, a. <i>To +lead forth.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ef-fĕro</span>, ferre, extŭli, ēlātum, a. irr. +(ex; fero) <i>To bring forth; to lift up, exalt.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">effrēnā-tus</span>, a, um, part, (effren[a]-o, +<i>to unbridle</i>) <i>Unbridled.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ef-fŭgĭo</span>, fūgi, no sup., fŭgĕre, (ex; +fugio), n. or a. <i>To flee away; escape, avoid.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĕgo</span>, pers. pron. I.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ē-grĕdĭor</span>, gressus sum, grĕdi, dep. +(ex; gradior) <i>To go out.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ē-jĭcĭo</span>, jēci, jectum, jĭcĕre, a. (e; +jacio) <i>To drive out; to expel, banish.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ē-lābor</span>, lapsus sum, lābi, dep. <i>To +slip</i> or <i>glide away.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ē-lūdo</span>, lūsi, lūsum, lūdĕre, a. <i>To +delude, deceive, cheat.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ē-mitto</span>, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. +<i>To send forth.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ē-mŏrĭor</span>, mortuus sum, mŏri, dep. <i>To +die quite; to perish.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĕnim</span>, conj. <i>For</i>; etenim, <i>for, +you see</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĕo</span>, īre, ĭvi or ĭi, ĭtum, n. <i>To +go.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĕōdem</span>, dat. of idem, used adverbially. +<i>To the same place.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĕqu-e-s</span>, ĭtis, m. (for equ-i-[t]-s, fr. +equ-us) <i>A horseman; a horse soldier</i>; in pl., <i>cavalry</i>; +equites, the order of <i>knights</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ē-rĭpiŏ</span>, rĭpŭi, reptum, rĭpĕre, a. (e; +rapio) <i>To snatch; to remove, take away.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ē-rumpo</span>, rūpi, ruptum, rumpĕre, n. +<i>To break out, sally forth.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">et</span>, conj. <i>And</i>; et ... et, +<i>both ... and, not only ... but also</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĕtĕnim</span>: see enim.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĕtĭam</span>, conj. <i>And also, besides; and +even, yet, indeed.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ē-verto</span>, verti, versum, vertĕre, a. +<i>To overthrow; to subvert, destroy.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ēvŏcā-tor</span>, ōris, m. (evoc[a]o) <i>The +one who calls forth</i> (to arms); <i>summoner</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ēx</span> or ē (e only before consonants). +<i>Out of, from; immediately after; on account of.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">exaudĭo</span>, audīvi, audītum, audīre, a. +<i>To hear distinctly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-cĭdo</span>, cidi, no sup., cĭdĕre, n. +(ex-cado) <i>To fall out</i> or <i>down</i>;<i> to slip out</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-clūdo</span>, clūsi, clūsum, clūdĕre, a. +(ex; claudo) <i>To exclude.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-ĕo</span>, īre, ĭi, ĭtum, n. <i>To go +forth, depart.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-ercĕo</span>, ŭi, ĭtum, ercēre, a. (ex; +arceo) <i>To drive on, exercise.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">64</span> +<a name = "page64" id = "page64"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">ex-haurĭo</span>, hausi, haustum, haurīre, a. +<i>To draw out; take away; to drain.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-īstimo</span>, istĭmāvi, istĭmātum, +istĭmāre. <i>To judge, consider.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">exĭ-tĭum</span>, ii, n. (exi, true root of +exeo) <i>Destruction, ruin.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">exslĭ-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (for exsul-ium, fr. +exsul, the condition of an) <i>Banishment, exile.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-sisto</span>, stĭti, stĭtum, sistĕre, n. +<i>To step forth; to appear; to be, exist.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-specto</span>, spectāvi, spectātum, +spectāre, a. <i>To await, expect.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-stinguo</span>, stinxi, stinctum, stingĕre, +a. (ex; stinguo, <i>to extinguish</i>) <i>To put out; extinguish, +destroy.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-sul</span>, ŭlis, com. gen. (ex; solum; +<i>one who is banished from his native soil</i>) <i>An exile.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-sulto</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, n. intens. +(for ex-salto, fr. exsal, true root of exsil-io) <i>To leap; exult, +rejoice.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ex-torqueo</span>, torsi, tortum, torquēre, a. +<i>To wrench out, wrest away</i>.</p> +<p><span class = "larger">extrā</span>, adv. and prep. with acc. +<i>Outside of, beyond.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_F" id = "vocab_F" href = "#vocab">F</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">făcĭl-e</span>, adv. (facil-is) <i>Easily, +readily.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">făc-ĭnus</span>, ŏris, n. (fac-io, <i>the +thing done</i>) <i>A deed; a bad deed.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">făc-ĭo</span>, fēci, factum, făcĕre, a.; +pass., fīo, fieri, factus sum. <i>To make, do, perform; to +cause.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">falc-ārĭus</span>, ĭi, m. (falx) <i>A +scythe-maker.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fallo</span>, fĕfelli, falsum, fallĕre, a. +<i>To deceive; to escape the notice.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fal-sus</span>, a, um, part. (for fall-sus, +fr. fall-o) <i>Deceptive; false, untrue.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fāma</span>, ae, f. <i>Report, rumour; fame, +reputation; infamy, ill-fame.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fāmes</span>, is, f. <i>Hunger, +famine.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fă-tĕor</span>, fassus sum, fătēri, dep. a. +(f[a]-or) <i>To confess.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fauces</span>, ĭum, f. pl. <i>The throat; +a narrow way, defile,</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fax</span>, făcis, f. <i>A torch.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fēbris</span>, is, f. [ferveo, “to burn”] +<i>Fever.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fĕro</span>, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. irreg. +[roots are <span class = "smallcaps">fer</span> and <span class = +"smallcaps">tul</span>. The second root has the form <span class = +"smallcaps">tol, tla, tal</span>. The supine <i>latum</i> = +<i>tlatum</i> is from this latter root] <i>To bear, carry; to get, +receive; to suffer, endure; to say, report, relate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ferrum</span>, i, n. <i>Iron, an iron weapon, +a sword.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fīnis</span>, is [for fidnis; root <span class += "smallcaps">fid</span>, root of findo, “to divide”] m. and f. <i>A +limit, end.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fīo (pass</span>, of facio), fieri, factus +sum. <i>To be done; to become.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">firm-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (firmus) +<i>To make firm; to strengthen.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">firmus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>Strong.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">flāgĭt-ĭūm</span>, ii, n. (flagit-o) <i>A +shameful or disgraceful act; shame</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">foed-us</span>, ĕris, n. (for fidus, fr. fido; +<i>a trusting</i>) <i>A league, treaty.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fŏre</span> = futurus esse.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fort-as-se</span>, adv. (for forte; an; sit) +<i>Perhaps.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fortis</span>, e, adj. <i>Courageous, +brave.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fort-ĭtūdo</span>, ĭnis, f. (fortis) +<i>Firmness, courage, resolution.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fort-ūna</span>, ae, f. (fors, that which +belongs to) <i>Chance, fortune</i>; in pl., <i>property</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fŏrum</span>, i, n. [akin to root <span class += "smallcaps">per, por</span>, “to go through;” cp. <span class = +"greek" title = "poros">πόρος</span>] <i>The marketplace; Forum</i>, +which was a long open space between the Capitoline and Palatine Hills, +surrounded by porticoes and the shops of bankers; <i>a market town, +mart</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">frango</span>, frēgi, fractum, frangĕre, a. +[root <span class = "smallcaps">frag</span>, “to break”] <i>To break; to +subdue.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">frĕquent-ĭa</span>, ae, f. [root <span class = +"smallcaps">farc</span>, “to cram”] <i>An assembly, multitude, +concourse.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">frīgus</span>, ŏris, n. <i>Cold.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">frons</span>, frontis, f. <i>The forehead, +brow.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fŭg-a</span>, ae, f. (fug-io) +<i>Flight.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fūnes-tus</span>, a, um, adj. (for funer-tus; +fr. funus, <i>death</i>) <i>Causing death; fatal, destructive.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">65</span> +<a name = "page65" id = "page65"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">fŭrĭ-ōsus</span>, a, um, adj. (furi-ae) +<i>Full of madness; raging, furious.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">fŭr-or</span>, ōris, m. (fur-o) <i>A raging, +madness.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_G" id = "vocab_G" href = "#vocab">G</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">gaudĭum</span>, ĭi, n. (gaudeo) <i>Gladness, +delight, pleasure.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">gĕl-ĭdus</span>, a, um, adj. (gel-o, <i>to +freeze</i>) <i>Icy cold.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">gen-s</span>, tis, f. (gen-o = gigno, <i>to +beget; that which is begotten</i>) <i>A clan; a tribe, +nation.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">glădĭ-ātor</span>, ōris, m. (gladi-us, one +using a) <i>A swordsman; a gladiator.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">glădiŭs</span>, ĭi, m. <i>A sword.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">glōr-ĭa</span>, ae, f. (akin to clarus) +<i>Glory.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">grād-us</span>, ūs, m. (grad-ior, <i>to +walk</i>) <i>A step; a degree.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">grāt-ĭa</span>, ae, f. (grat-us, the quality +of the) <i>Regard, love; gratitude; thanks.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">grăvis</span>, e, adj. <i>Heavy; severe; +grave, impressive; venerable.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">grăv-ĭter</span>, adv. <i>Violently, +severely.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_H" id = "vocab_H" href = "#vocab">H</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">hăbĕo</span>, ŭi, ĭtum, hăbēre, a. <i>To have, +hold; to do, perform, make; to give.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hăb-ĭto</span>, ĭtāvi, ĭtātum, ĭtāre, intens., +a. and n. (hab-eo) <i>To inhabit; live; to stay.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">haereo</span>, haesi, haesum, haerēre, n. +<i>To stick, adhere.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hebe-sco</span>, no perf., no sup., scĕre, n. +inch. (hebe-o, <i>to be blunt</i>) <i>To be dull.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hīc</span>, haec, hoc, pron. demonstr. +<i>This.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hic-ce</span>, intensive form of hic.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hīc</span>, adv. <i>Here.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hŏmo</span>, ĭnis, com. gen. <i>A human being; +man or woman; person.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hŏnest-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. <i>To +adorn; to honor.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hones-tus</span>, a, um, adj. (for honor-tus, +fr. honor) <i>Regarded with honor; honored, noble.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hŏnor (os)</span>, ōris. m. <i>Honor; official +dignity, office.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hōra</span>, ae, f. <i>An hour.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">horr-ĭbĭlis</span>, e, adj. (horr-eo, <i>to be +trembled at</i>) <i>Terrible, fearful, horrible.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hortor</span>, ātus sum, āre, dep. <i>To +strongly urge, exhort.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hostis</span>, is, com. gen. <i>An +enemy.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">hŭmus</span>, i, f. <i>The ground</i>; humi +(loc.), <i>on the ground</i>.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_I" id = "vocab_I" href = "#vocab">I</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">īdem</span>, eadem, idem, pron. (root i, +suffix dem) <i>The same.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">īdūs</span>, uum, f. pi. <i>The Ides.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĭgĭtur</span>, conj. <i>Then; therefore, +accordingly; well then.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">i-gnōmin-ia. ae</span>, f. (for in-gno-min-ia; +fr. in, gnomen = nomen, <i>a depriving of one’s good name</i>) +<i>Disgrace, ignominy.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">i-gnō-ro</span>, a. (for in-gno-ro; fr. in, +<i>not</i>; <span class = "smallcaps">gno</span>, root of gnosco = +nosco) <i>Not to know, to be ignorant of.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ille</span>, a, ud, pron. demonstr. <i>That; +he, she, it.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">illĕc-ĕbra</span>, ae, f. (for illac-ebra, fr. +illac, true root of illic-o, <i>to allure</i>) <i>An enticement, +allurement.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">illust-ro</span>, a. [in, <span class = +"smallcaps">luc</span>, “to shine:” cp. lux] <i>To light up, illumine; +to make clear.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">immān-ĭtas</span>, ātis, f. (immanis, +<i>huge</i>) <i>Hugeness, enormity.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">im-minĕo</span>, no perf., no sup. mĭnēre, n. +(in, mineo, <i>to hang over</i>) <i>To border upon, be near, +impend.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">im-mitto</span>, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. +(in; mitto) <i>To send into; to let loose.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">immo</span>, adv. (etym. dub.) <i>On the under +side, on the reverse; on the contrary; no indeed, by no means; yes +indeed.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">im-mortālis</span>, e, adj. (in; mortalis, +<i>mortal</i>) <i>Immortal.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">impĕd-ĭo</span>, īvi, ītum, īre, a. (in; pes, +<i>to get the feet in something</i>) <i>To hinder, prevent.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">im-pendĕo</span>, no perf., no sup., pendēre, +n. (in; pendeo, <i>to hang</i>) <i>To hang over; to impend, +threaten.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">impĕrā-tor</span>, ōris, in. (imper-[a]-o) +<i>A general; chief.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">66</span> +<a name = "page66" id = "page66"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">im-pĕrītus</span>, a, um, adj. (in; perītus, +<i>skilled</i>) <i>Inexperienced, ignorant.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">impĕr-ĭum</span>, i, n. (imper-o) +<i>Authority, power, empire, government.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">im-pĕro</span>, pĕrāvĭ, pĕrātum, pĕrāre. a. +(in; patro, <i>to bring, to pass</i>) <i>To accomplish; obtain.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">impĕtus</span>, ūs, m. (impeto, <i>to +attack</i>) <i>An attack.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">im-pĭus</span>, a, um, adj. (in; pius, +<i>pious</i>) <i>Not pious, irreverent, unpatriotic.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">im-portū-nus</span>, a, um, adj. (for +<i>in-portu-nus</i>, fr. in; portus) <i>Unsuitable; savage; +dangerous.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">im-prŏbus</span>, a, um, adj. (in; probus) +<i>Wicked, base.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">im-pūnītus</span>, a, um, adj. (in; punitus, +<i>punished</i>) <i>Not punished; unpunished.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in</span>, prep, with acc. and abl. <i>In, +into, against</i>; of time, <i>up to, for, into, through</i>; with +ablative, <i>in, upon, on</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĭnānis</span>, e, adj. <i>Empty, void.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">incend-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (incend-o) <i>A +burning, conflagration, fire.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in-clūdo</span>, clūsi, clūsum, clūdĕre, a. +<i>To shut up; to include.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in-crēdĭbilis</span>, e, adj. <i>Incredible, +extraordinary.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">increpo</span>, (āvi) ui, (ātum) ĭtum, āre, n. +and a. <i>To make a noise.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in-dūco</span>, duxi, ductum, dūcĕre, a. <i>To +introduce; to lead into, persuade.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in-ĕo</span>, īre, ĭi, ĭtum, n. or a. <i>To go +into, enter; begin.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">inert-ĭa</span>, ae, f. (inners, the quality +of the) <i>Want of skill; inactivity.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in-fĕro</span>, ferre, intūi, illātum, a. irr. +<i>To produce, make; to bring, put</i>, or <i>place upon</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">infestus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>Hostile, +dangerous.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">infiti-or</span>, dep. (infiti-ae, +<i>denial</i>) <i>To deny.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in-flammo</span>, flammāvi, flammātum, +flammāre, a. <i>To set on fire.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in-grăvesco</span>, no perf., no sup., +grăvescĕre, n. <i>To grow heavy; to grow worse.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĭn-ĭmīcus</span>, a, um, adj. (in; amicus) +<i>Unfriendly</i>; as noun, m., <i>a private enemy</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĭnĭtĭ-o</span>, a. (initi-um) <i>To begin, to +initiate, consecrate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">injūrĭ-a</span>, ae, f. (injuri-us, +<i>injurious</i>) <i>Injury, wrong</i>; injuriâ, as adv., +<i>unjustly</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">inl</span>: see ill.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĭnŏp-ĭa</span>, ae, f. (inops) +<i>Need.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">inquam</span>, def. verb. <i>To say.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">inr</span>: see irr.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">inscrībo</span>, scripsi, scriptum, scrībĕre, +a. <i>To write upon; to inscribe; to impress upon.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">insĭd-ĭae</span>, ārum, f. pl. (insid-eo, +<i>to sit in</i>) <i>An ambush, ambuscade; plot treachery.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">insĭdĭ-or</span>, atus sum, ari, dep. +(insidiae) <i>To wait for, expect; to plot against.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">intel-lego</span>, lexi, lectum, lĕgĕre, a. +(inter: lego, <i>to choose between</i>) <i>To perceive, +understand.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in-tendo</span>, tendi, tentum, tendĕre, and +tensum, a. <i>To stretch out; to strive; to aim at.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">inter</span>, prep, with acc. <i>Between, +among.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">inter-cēdo</span>, cessi, cessum, cēdĕre, n. +<i>To go</i> or <i>come between; to intervene</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">inter-fĭcĭo</span>, fēci, fectum, fĭcĕre, a. +(inter; facio) <i>To destroy; to kill.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">intĕrĭ-tus</span>, ūs, m. (intereo) +<i>Destruction; death.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">inter-rŏgo</span>, rŏgāvi, rŏgātum, rŏgāre, a. +<i>To ask, inquire.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">inter-sum</span>, esse, fui, n. irr. <i>To be +between; to differ</i>; interest, impers., <i>it interests</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">intes-tīnus</span>, a, um, adj. (for +intus-tinus, fr. intus) <i>Internal; intestine, civil.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">intrā</span>, prep, with acc. <i>Within, +in.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in-ūro</span>, ussi, ustum, ūrĕre, a. <i>To +burn into; to brand.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">in-vĕnio</span>, vēni, ventum, vĕnīre, a. +<i>To come upon, find.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">invĭd-ĭā</span>, ae, f. (invid-us, <i>an +envier</i>) <i>Envy, jealousy, unpopularity.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">67</span> +<a name = "page67" id = "page67"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">invīto</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. <i>To ask, +invite, summon.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">i-pse</span>, a, um, pron. demonstr. (for +i-pse; fr. is and suffix pse) <i>Himself, herself, itself; he, she, it; +very.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ir-rētĭ-o</span>, vi, ītum, īre, a. (for +in-ret-io, fr. in; ret-e, <i>a net</i>) <i>To ensnare, +captivate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">is</span>, ea, id. pron. demonstr. <i>This, +that; he, she, it; such.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">is-te</span>, ta, tud, pron. demonstr. (is; +suffix te) <i>This of yours; this, that; that fellow, that thing</i> +(used with contempt).</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ĭta</span>, adv. <i>In this way; so, +thus.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_J" id = "vocab_J" href = "#vocab">J</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">jăcĕo</span>, ui, jacĭtum, ēre, n. <i>To lie; +to lie down.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">jac-to</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. freq. +(jac-io) <i>To throw; to toss about; to boast, vaunt.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">jam</span>, adv. <i>Now, already</i>; +jamdūdum, <i>a long time since, long ago</i> (with a present tense, +giving the force of the perfect brought down to the present time); +jam-prīdem, adv. <i>long time ago, for a long time</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">jŭbĕo</span>, jussi, jussum, jŭbēre, a. <i>To +command, order, bid.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">jū-cundus</span>, a, um, adj. (for juv-cundus, +fr. juv-o) <i>Pleasant, agreeable, pleasing.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">jūdĭc-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (judic-o) <i>A +judging; a judgment; a sentence.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">jū-dico</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (jus; dĭco) +<i>To judge; to think.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">jungo</span>, junxi, junctum, jungĕre, a. +<i>To join, unite.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">jū-s</span>, jūris, n. (akin to root ju, <i>to +join</i>) <i>Law, right, justice</i>; jure, <i>justly</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">jus-sū</span>, m. (only in abl. sing.; jubeo) +<i>By command.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">jus-tus</span>, a, um, adj. (for jur-tus, fr. +jus) <i>Just, right.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_L" id = "vocab_L" href = "#vocab">L</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">lābefac-to</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. +intens. (labefacio) <i>To cause to totter; to injure, ruin; to +imperil.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lăbor</span>, ōris, m. <i>Labor, toil.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">laet-ĭtĭa</span>, ae, f. (laet-us) <i>Joy, +gladness.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lātro</span>, (a short or long), ōnis, m. <i>A +robber, highwayman.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">latrōcīn-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (latro) <i>Highway +robbery, plundering.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">laus</span>, laudis, f. <i>Praise, fame, +honor.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lectŭ-lus</span>, i, m. dim. (for lecto-lus, +fr. lecto, stem of lectus) <i>A little couch, bed.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lēnis</span>, e, adj. <i>Soft, gentle, +mild.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lex</span>, lēgis, f. (= leg-s, fr. lēg-o; +<i>that which is read</i>) <i>A law.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">līber</span>, ĕra, ĕrum, adj. <i>Free, +unrestrained.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lībĕr-i</span>, ōrum, m. pl. (liber) +<i>Children.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lībĕr-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (id.) <i>To +make free; to free.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lib-īdo</span>, ĭnis, f. (lib-et) <i>Desire; +passion, lust.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lĭcet</span>, ŭit, itum est, ēre, imp. <i>It +is permitted; one may</i> or <i>can</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lŏcus</span>, i, m. <i>A place</i> (in pl., +loci or loca).</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">long-e</span>, adv. (long-us) <i>Far off; +greatly, much; by far.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lŏquor</span>, lŏcūtus sum, lŏqui, dep. <i>To +speak, say.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">lux</span>, lūcis, f. (= luc-s, fr. luc-eo, +<i>to shine</i>) <i>Light; the light of day, daylight.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_M" id = "vocab_M" href = "#vocab">M</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">māchĭn-or</span>, ātus sum, āri, dep. +(machin-a, <i>a device</i>) <i>To contrive, devise; to plot.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mac-to</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. +(for mag-to, fr. obsolete mag-o, of same root as found in mag-nus) <i>To +venerate, honor; to kill, slay; to immolate; to destroy.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mă-gis</span>, adv. <i>More.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mag-nus</span>, a, um, adj. (comp. major, sup. +maximus; root mag) <i>Great</i>; majores, <i>ancestors</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">māj-or</span>, us, adj. comp. (magnus)</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mallĕŏ-lus</span>, i, m. dim. (malleus, <i>a +hammer</i>) <i>A small hammer; a kind of fire-dart.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mā-lo</span>, malle, mālŭi, a. irr. +(contracted fr. mag-volo, fr. root mag;</p> +<span class = "pagenum">68</span> +<a name = "page68" id = "page68"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">volo</span>, <i>to have a great desire +for</i>) <i>To prefer.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">măl-um</span>, i, n. (malus) <i>An +evil.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">man-do</span>, dāvi, dātum, dāre, a. (man-us; +do, <i>to put into one’s hand</i>) <i>To order; to commend, consign, +intrust; to lay up</i>; se fugae mandare, <i>to take to flight</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mănus</span>, ūs, f. <i>A hand; band of +troops.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mārīt-us</span>, a, um, adj. (marit-a, mas) +<i>Matrimonial, conjugal</i>; as noun, m. (sc. vir), <i>a +husband</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mātūr-ē</span>, adv. (matur-us) <i>Seasonably, +at the proper time; soon.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mātūr-ĭtas</span>, ātis, f. (matur-us) +<i>Ripeness, maturity, perfection.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">maxĭm-ē</span>, adv. (maxim-us) <i>In the +highest degree, especially.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mĕdĭocr-ĭter</span>, adv. (mediocris) +<i>Moderately.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mĕdĭtor</span>, ātus sum, āri, dep. <i>To +think, consider, meditate upon; to practise.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mehercŭle</span>, mehercle, mehercules, adv. +<i>By Hercules.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mĕmĭni</span>, isse, a. and n., dep. <i>To +remember, recollect.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mĕmŏria</span>, ae, f. (memor, <i>mindful</i>) +<i>Memory.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mens</span>, mentis, f. <i>The mind; thought, +purpose.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mĕtŭ-o</span>, ŭi, ūtum, a. and n. (metu-s) +<i>To fear.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mĕtus</span>, ūs, m. <i>Fear.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mĕ-us</span>, a, um, pron. pers. (me) <i>My, +mine.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mĭn-us</span>, adv. (min-or) <i>Less, +not.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mĭsĕrĭcord-ĭā</span>, ae, f. (miseri-cors, +<i>pitiful</i>) <i>Pity, compassion.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mitto</span>, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. <i>To +let go, send.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mŏdo</span>, adv. <i>Only</i>; non modo ... +sed etiam, <i>not only; ... but also</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mŏdus</span>, i, m. <i>A measure; limit; +manner; kind.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">moenĭa</span>, ium, n. pl. <i><ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘Defeusive’">defensive</ins> walls; +ramparts; city walls.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mōles</span>, is, f. <i>A huge mass; +greatness, might.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mōl-ĭor</span>, ītus sum, īri, dep., n. and a. +(mol-es) <i>To endeavor, strive; to undertake; to plot; to +prepare.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mol-lis</span>, e, adj. (for mov-lis, fr. +mov-eo, <i>that may</i> or <i>can be moved</i>) <i>Weak, feeble; gentle; +mild.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mŏra</span>, ae, f. <i>A delay.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">morbus</span>, i, m. <i>A sickness, +disease.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mor-s</span>, tis, f. (mor-ior) +<i>Death.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mor-tŭus</span>, a, um, part. (mor-ior) +<i>Dead.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mos</span>, mōris, m. [for meors; from meo, +are, “to go”] <i>Usage, custom, practice.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mŏvĕo</span>, mōvi, mōtum, mŏvēre, a. <i>To +move; to affect.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mult-ō</span>, adv. (mult-us) <i>Much, +greatly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mult-o (mulcto)</span>, āvi, ātum, āre +(mult-a, <i>a fine</i>) <i>To fine; to punish.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">multus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>Much</i>; in +pl., <i>many</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mūn-ĭo</span>, īvi, ītum, īre, a. (moenia) +<i>To fortify.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mūnī-tus</span>, a, um, part. (muni-o) +<i>Fortified, secure.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mūrus</span>, i, m. [for mun-rus; root <span +class = "smallcaps">mun</span>, “to defend”] <i>A wall.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">mū-to</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. +(for mov-to, fr. mov-eo) <i>To move; to alter, change.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_N" id = "vocab_N" href = "#vocab">N</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">nam</span>, conj. <i>For.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nanciscor</span>, nanctus and nactus sum, +nancisci, dep. <i>To get; to find.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nascor</span>, nātus sum, nasci, dep. <i>To be +born; to spring forth; to grow.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nā-tūra</span>, ae, f. (na-scor; <i>a being +born</i>) <i>Birth; nature.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nau-frăgus</span>, a, um, adj. (nav-frag-us; +navis; frag, root of frango) <i>That suffers shipwreck; wrecked.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nē</span>, adv. and conj. <i>No, not</i>; ne +... quidem, <i>not even; that not, lest</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">-nĕ</span>, interrog. and enclitic particle, +in direct questions with the ind. asking merely for information; in +indirect questions with the subj. <i>Whether.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger"><span class = "larger">nec</span>, +conj.</span>: see neque.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nĕcess-ārĭus</span>, a, um, adj. (ne-cess-e) +<i>Unavoidable, necessary</i>; as noun, m., <i>a relative, +friend</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">69</span> +<a name = "page69" id = "page69"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">nĕ-ces-se</span>, neut. adj. (found only in +nom. and acc. sing., for ne-ced-se, fr. ne; ed-o, <i>not yielding</i>) +<i>Unavoidable, necessary.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nĕfār-ĭus</span>, a. um, adj. (for nefas-ius, +fr. nefas) <i>Impious, nefarious.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nēg-lĕg-o</span>, lexi, lectum, lĕgĕre, a. +(nec; lego, <i>not to gather</i>) <i>To neglect, disregard.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nĕgo</span>, nĕgāvi, nĕgātum, nĕgāre, n. and +a. <i>To say “no;” to deny.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nē-mo</span>, ĭnis, m. and f. (ne; homo) <i>No +person, no one, nobody.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nĕ-que or nec</span>, adv. <i>Not</i>; conj., +<i>and not</i>; neque ... neque, nec ... nec, <i>neither ... +nor</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nēqu-ĭtĭa</span>, ae, f.<ins class = +"correction" title = "open parenthesis missing"> (</ins>nequ-am) +<i>Badness; inactivity, negligence.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ne-scĭo</span>, scīvi, scītum, scīre, a. +<i>Not to know, to be ignorant of.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nex</span>, nĕcis, f. (= nec-s, fr. nec-o) +<i>Death; murder, slaughter.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nĭhil</span>, n. indecl. (nihilum, by apocope) +<i>Nothing; not at all.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nĭmis</span>, adv. <i>Too much; too.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nĭmĭ-um</span>, adv. (nimi-us) <i>Too much; +too.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nĭ-si</span>, conj. <i>If not, unless.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">noct-urnus</span>, a, um, adj. (nox) +<i>Belonging to the night, nocturnal.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nōmĭn-o</span> (1), a. (nomen) <i>To +name.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nōn</span>, adv. <i>Not, no.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">non-dum</span>, adv. <i>Not yet.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">non-ne</span>, inter. adv. (expects answer +“yes”) <i>Not?</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">non-nullus</span>, a, um, adj. (not one) +<i>Some, several.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">noster</span>, tra, trum, poss. pron. (nos) +<i>Our, our own, ours</i>; in plur., as noun, m., <i>our men</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nŏta</span>, ae, f. (nosco) <i>A mark, sign; +a brand.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nŏt-o</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. (not-a) +<i>To mark, designate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nŏvus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>New.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nox</span>, noctis, f. <i>Night.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nūdus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>Naked, +bare.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">n-ullus</span>, a, um, adj. (ne; ullus) +<i>None, no.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">num</span>, inter. particle, used in direct +questions expecting the answer “no;” in indirect questions, +<i>Whether</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nŭmĕrus</span>, i, m. <i>A number.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nunc</span>, adv. <i>Now, at present.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">n-unquam (numquam)</span>, adv. (ne; unquam) +<i>Never.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nūper</span>, adv. (for nov-per, fr. nov-us) +<i>Newly, lately.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">nupt-ĭae</span>, ārum, f. pl. (nupt-a, <i>a +married woman</i>) <i>Marriage, nuptials.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_O" id = "vocab_O" href = "#vocab">O</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">O</span>, interj. <i>O! Oh!</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ob</span>, prep, with acc. <i>On account +of.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ŏbĕo</span>, īre, ĭi, ĭtum, n. <i>To engage +in, execute.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">oblĭviscor</span>, oblītus sum, oblivisci, +dep. <i>To forget.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">obscūr-ē</span>, adv. (obscur-us) +<i>Indistinctly, secretly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">obscūr-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (obscurus) +<i>To obscure.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ōbscūrus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>Dark; +unknown.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ob-sĭdĕo</span>, sēdi, sessum, sĭdēre, a. (ob; +sedeo, <i>to sit</i>) <i>To sit down at</i> or <i>before; to invest; to +watch for</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ob-sīdo</span>, no perf., no sup., sĭdēre, a. +<i>To sit down over</i> or <i>against; to invest, besiege</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ob-sisto</span>, stĭti, stĭtum, sistĕre, n. +<i>To oppose, resist.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ob-sto</span>, stĭti, stātum, stāre, n. <i>To +oppose.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ob-tempĕro</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, n. <i>To +comply with, obey.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">oc-cīdo</span>, cīdi, cīsum, cīdĕre, a. (ob; +caedo, <i>to strike against</i>) <i>To strike down; to kill.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">oc-cŭp-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (for +ob-cap-o, fr. ob; capio) <i>To take, seize; to occupy.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ŏcŭlus</span>, i, m. <i>An eye.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ōdi</span>, odisse, a., defective. <i>To +hate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ŏd-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (odi) <i>Hatred.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">of-fendo</span>, fendi, fensum, fendĕre, a. +<i>To hit; to offend.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">of-fensus</span>, a, um, adj. +<i>Odious</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ōmen</span>, ĭnis, n. <i>An omen.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">70</span> +<a name = "page70" id = "page70"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">o-mitto</span>, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. (ob; +mitto) <i>To let go; to pass over, omit.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">omnis</span>, e, adj. <i>Every, all.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ŏpīn-or</span>, ātus sum, āri, dep. (opin-us, +<i>thinking</i>) <i>To think, suppose, imagine.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ŏport-et</span>, ŭit, ēre, impers. <i>It is +necessary.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">op-prĭmo</span>, pressi, pressum, prĭmĕre, a. +(ob; premo) <i>To overwhelm, subdue, overpower; to cover.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">optĭm-as</span>, ātis, adj. (optim-us) +<i>Aristocratic</i>; as noun (sc. homo), <i>an aristocrat</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">opt-ĭmus</span>, a, um, adj. (super. of bonus) +<i>Best, very good.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">orbis</span>, is, m. <i>A circle; the world, +the universe.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ord-o</span>, ĭnis, m. (ord-ior, <i>to +begin</i>) <i>Order; class, degree.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ōs</span>, ōris, n. <i>The mouth; the face, +countenance.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">osten-to</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. +(for ostend-to, fr. ostend-o) <i>To show; to display.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ōtĭ-ōsus</span>, a, um, adj. (oti-um, full of) +<i>At leisure; quiet; calm, tranquil.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ōtĭum</span>, ii, n. <i>Leisure.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_P" id = "vocab_P" href = "#vocab">P</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">pa-ciscor</span>, pactus sum, pacisci, dep., +n. and a. <i>To contract; to agree, bargain.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pac-tum</span>, i, n. (pac-iscor) <i>An +agreement, compact; manner, way.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pango</span>, pang-ĕre, panxi, pactum. <i>To +agree.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">par-ens</span>, entis, m. and f. (par-io) <i>A +parent.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">părĭes</span>, ietis, m. <i>A wall.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">părĭo</span>, pĕpĕri, părĭtum, părĕre and +partum, a. <i>To bring forth; to obtain.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">păr-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. <i>To make, +get ready, prepare.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">parrĭ-cīda</span>, ae, m. (for patr-i-caed-a, +fr. pater; [i]; caedo) <i>The murderer of one’s father; +parricide.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">parricīd-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (parricid-a) +<i>Parricide, murder, treason.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pars</span>, partis, f. <i>A part, +portion.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">part-ĭ-cep-s</span>, cĭpis, adj. (for +part-i-cap-s, fr. pars; [i]; cap-io) <i>Sharing, partaking</i>; as noun, +<i>a sharer, partaker</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">parvus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>Small, little, +slight.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pat-e-făcĭo</span>, fēci, factum, făcĕre, a. +(pateo; facio) <i>To disclose, expose, bring to light.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pătĕo</span>, ŭi, no sup., pătēre, n. <i>To +stand</i> or <i>lie open; to be clear, plain</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">păter</span>, tris, m. <i>A father.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pătĭent-ĭa</span>, ae, f. (patior) +<i>Patience.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pătr-ĭus</span>, a, um (a long or short), adj. +(pater) <i>Paternal, fatherly</i>; as noun, f. (sc. <ins class = +"correction" title = "first ‘r’ invisible">terra</ins>), <i>native land, +country</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">paucus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>Small, +little</i>; as noun, pl. m., <i>few, a few</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">paul-isper</span>, adv. (paul-us, +<i>little</i>) <i>For a little while.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">paul-ō adv. (id.</span>, <i>little</i>) <i>By +a little, a little.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">paul-um</span>, adv. (paul-us) <i>By a little, +a little.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">paul-us</span>, a, um, adj. <i>A little, +small.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pĕnĭ-tus</span>, adv. (root pen) <i>From <ins +class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘withiu’">within</ins>; +deeply.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per</span>, prep, with acc. <i>Through; by, by +means of; on account of.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-cĭpĭ-o</span>, cēpi, ceptum, cĭpĕre, a. +(per; capio) <i>To take possession of, seize; to comprehend, perceive, +learn.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">perd-ĭtus</span>, a, um, part. (perd-o) +<i>Ruined, desperate, abandoned.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-do</span>, dĭdi, dĭtum, dĕre, a. <i>To +destroy, ruin.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-fĕro</span>, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. irr. +<i>To bear, endure.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-fringo</span>, frēgi, fractum, fringĕre, +a. (per; frango) <i>To break through; to violate, infringe.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-frŭor</span>, fructus sum, frŭi, dep. +<i>To enjoy fully.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-go</span>, perrexi, perrectum, pergĕre, a. +and n. (for per-rego, <i>to make quite straight</i>) <i>To proceed, go +on.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pĕrīcl-ītor</span>, ītātus sum, tari, dep., a. +and n. (perīcl-um) <i>To try; to endanger, risk; to venture, +hazard.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">71</span> +<a name = "page71" id = "page71"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">pĕrī-cŭlum (clum)</span>, i, n. (peri-or +[obsolete], <i>to go through</i>) <i>A trial; hazard, danger, +peril.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-mitto</span>, mīsi, missum, mittere, a. +<i>To send through; to give up, intrust, surrender.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-mŏvĕo</span>, mōvi, mōtum, mŏvēre, a. +<i>To move thoroughly; to excite, arouse.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pernĭc-ĭes</span>, ĭēi, f. (pernec-o, <i>to +kill utterly</i>) <i>Destruction.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pernĭcĭ-ōsus</span>, a, um, adj. (per-nici-es, +full of) <i>Very destructive, ruinous, pernicious.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">perpĕtŭus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>Continuous; +constant, perpetual.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-saepe</span>. <i>Very often, very +frequently.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-spĭcĭo</span>, spexi, spectum, spĭcĕre, a. +(per; specio, <i>to look</i>) <i>To look through; to perceive, +note.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-terrĕo</span>, ŭi, ĭtum, terrēre, a. <i>To +terrify thoroughly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-tĭme-sco</span>, tĭmŭi, no sup., +tĭmescĕre, a. and n. inch. (pertimeo) <i>To fear or dread +greatly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-tĭn-ĕō</span>, tĭnŭi, tentum, tĭnēre, n. +(per; teneo) <i>To stretch; to concern; to pertain to.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">per-vĕnĭo</span>, vēni, ventum, vĕnīre, n. +<i>To arrive at, reach.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pestis</span>, is, f. <i>Ruin, plague.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pĕt-ītĭo</span>, ōnis, f. (pet-o) <i>An +attack, thrust.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pĕto</span>, pĕtīvi, pĕtītum, pĕtĕre, a. <i>To +seek; to attack, thrust at.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">plăcĕo</span>, ŭi, ĭtum, plăcēre, n. <i>To +please</i>; placet, impers., <i>it seems good; it is resolved upon; it +is determined</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">plāco</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. <i>To quiet, +calm, reconcile.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">plān-ē</span>, adv. (plan-us) <i>Simply, +clearly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">plēbes</span>, ei, f. or plebs, plēbis, f. +<i>The common people, the plebeians.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">plū-rĭmus</span>, a, um, sup. adj. (multus) +<i>Very much</i>; in pl., <i>the largest</i> or <i>smaller number</i>; +with quam, <i>as many as possible</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">poena</span>, ae, f. <i>Punishment.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pol-lĭcĕor</span>, licitus sum, lĭcērĭ, dep. +(pot, root of pot-is, <i>powerful</i>, and liceor, <i>to bid</i>) <i>To +promise.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pontĭfex</span>, fĭcis, m. <i>The high priest, +pontiff.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pŏpŭlus</span>, i, m. <i>A people, nation, +multitude.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">porta</span>, ae, f. <i>A gate; +passage.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pos-sum</span>, posse, pŏtŭi, no sup., n. irr. +(for pot-sum, fr. pot, root of pot-is, <i>able</i>, and sum) <i>To be +able.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">post</span>, adv. and prep. with acc. +<i>Behind; after; next to, since.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">post-ĕā</span>, adv. <i>After this; +afterwards.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">postĕr-ĭtas</span>, ātis, f. (poster-us) +<i>Futurity; posterity.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">postŭlo</span>, a. <i>To ask, demand, +request.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pŏtĭus</span>, adv. (adv. neut. of potior, +comp. of potis) <i>Rather, more.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prae-clārus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>Splendid, +excellent; distinguished.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prae-dĭco</span>, dĭcāvi, dĭcātum, dĭ-cāre, a. +<i>To publish, state, declare.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prae-dīco</span>, dixi, dictum, dīcĕre, a. +<i>To <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘sag’">say</ins> +beforehand; to predict.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prae-fĕro</span>, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. irr. +<i>To bear before; to display, to exhibit.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prae-mitto</span>, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, a. +<i>To send forward.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prae-s-ens</span>, entis, adj. (prae; sum) +<i>Present.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">praesent-ĭa</span>, ae, f. (praesens) +<i>Presence.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">praesĭd-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (praesid-eo) <i>A +guarding, defence, aid; a garrison, guard.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prae-stōlor</span> (1), dep. n. and a. <i>To +wait for.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">praetĕr-ĕo</span>, īre, ii, ĭtum, n. and a. +irr. <i>To pass over, omit.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">praeter-mitto</span>, mīsi, missum, mittĕre, +a. <i>To pass over, omit.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prae-tor</span>, ōris, m. (for praei-tor, fr. +praeeo) <i>A leader; a praetor</i>, an officer next to consul in +rank.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prī-dem</span>, adv. (for prae-dem, fr. prae; +suffix dem) <i>A long time ago, long since.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prī-diē</span>, adv. (for prae-die, fr. prae; +dies) <i>On the day before.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prī-mō</span>, adv. (primus) <i>At +first.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">72</span> +<a name = "page72" id = "page72"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">pri-mus</span>, a, um, sup. adj. (for +prae-mus, fr. prae, with superlative suffix mus) <i>The first, +first.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prin-cep-s</span>, cĭpis, adj. (for prim-caps, +fr. prim-us; cap-io) <i>First</i>; as noun, m. and f., <i>chief, +leader</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prĭ-or</span>, us, gen. ōris, comp. adj. (for +prae-or, fr. prae; comparative suffix or) <i>Former.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prīvā-tus</span>, a, um, part. (prīv-[a]-o, +<i>to deprive</i>) <i>Private</i>; as noun, m., <i>a private +citizen</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prob-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. <i>To try; +to approve.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">perfec-tĭo</span>, ōnis, f. (for profac-tio, +fr. profic-iscor) <i>A setting out, departure.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prō-fĭcĭo</span>, fēci, fectum, fĭcĕre, n. and +a. (pro; facio) <i>To accomplish, effect.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pro-fĭc-iscor</span>, fectus sum, fĭcisci, +dep. n. inch, (for pro-fac-iscor, fr. pro; fac-io) <i>To set +out.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prō-fŭgĭo</span>, fūgi, fŭgitum, fŭgĕre, a. +and n. <i>To flee.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prŏpe</span>, adv. and prep, with acc. +<i>Nearly, almost.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prŏprĭus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>One’s one; +proper, peculiar, suited to.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">prop-ter</span>, prep. with acc. (prop-e) +<i>Near; on account of.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pro-sĕquor</span>, sĕcūtus sum, sĕqui, dep. +<i>To follow, accompany.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">proxĭmus</span>, a, um, adj. (proc-simus, for +prop-simus, fr. prop-e, and sup. ending simus) <i>The nearest, next; the +last.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">publĭc-ē</span>, adv. (public-us) <i>In behalf +of the state, in the name of the state.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">publ-ĭcus</span>, a, um, adj. (populus) +<i>public, common</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pŭd-or</span>, ōrĭs, m. (pudet) <i>Shame, +modesty.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pur-go</span>, a. (pūr-us) <i>To clean, +cleanse; purify.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">pŭt-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (put-us, +<i>cleansed</i>) <i>To make clean; to reckon, think.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_Q" id = "vocab_Q" href = "#vocab">Q</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">quaero</span> (quaeso), quaesīvi, ii, +quaesītum, quaerĕre, a. <i>To seek; demand, ask.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quaeso</span>: see quaero.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quaēs-tio</span>, ōnis, f. (quaes-o) <i>A +seeking; a judicial investigation.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quam</span>, adv. (adverbial acc. of quis) +<i>In what manner, how; as much, as; than</i>; with superlatives, +<i>as</i> (much as) <i>possible</i>, e.g. quam primum, <i>as soon as +possible</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quam-dĭu</span>, adv. <i>How long, as long +as.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quam-ob-rem</span>, rel. adv. <i>On which +account, wherefore.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quam-quam</span>, conj. <i>Although.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quantus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>How great, how +much.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quā-rē</span>, adv. (quis; res) <i>From what +cause? wherefore?</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">-que</span>, enclitic conj. <i>And</i>; que +... que, <i>both ... and</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quĕr-ĭmōnĭa</span>, ae, f. (queror) <i>A +complaint.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quĕror</span>, questus sum, quĕri, dep. a. and +n. <i>To complain of, lament, bewail.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quī</span>, quae, quod, rel. pron. <i>Who, +which, what, that.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quī-dam</span>, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron. +<i>Some, some one, a certain one.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quĭdem</span>, adv. <i>Indeed, at least</i>; +ne ... quidem, <i>not even</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quĭe-sco</span>, quĭēvi, quĭētum, quĭescĕre, +n. inch, (for quiet-sco, fr. quies) <i>To keep quiet.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quin-tus</span>, a, um, ord. num. adj. +(quinqu-tus, fr. quinque) <i>The fifth.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quis</span>, quae, quid, interrog. pron. +(quis, quae, quod, used adjectively) <i>Who? which? what?</i> quid, +<i>how? why? wherefore?</i> preceded by ne, si, <ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘nisl’">nisi</ins>, num, becomes an +indefinite pron., <i>any, some</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quis-quam</span>, quae-quam, quic-quam +(quod-quam), indef. pron. <i>Any, any one.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quis-que</span>, quae-que, quod-que (and as +noun, quic-que; quid-que), indef. pron. <i>Each, every</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quis-quis</span>, quod-quod or quic-quid or +quid-quid, indef. pron. <i>Whatever, whatsoever</i>; as noun, +<i>whoever, whosoever</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quō</span>, adv. (qui) <i>Where; +whither.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">73</span> +<a name = "page73" id = "page73"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">quod</span>, conj. (acc. neut. fr. qui) +<i>That, in that, because</i>; quod si, <i>but if</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quon-dam</span>, adv. (for quom-dam, fr. quom, +old form of quem) <i>Once, formerly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quŏn-ĭam</span>, conj. (for quom-iam, fr. quom += cum and jam) <i>Since.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quŏque</span>, conj. <i>Also, too</i> (placed +after the word it emphasizes).</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quot</span>, num. adj. indecl. <i>How many, as +many.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quŏtīd-ĭe</span>, cotidie. <i>Daily.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quot-ĭes</span>, iens, adv. (xuot) <i>How +often.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quŏtĭes-cumque</span>, adv. <i>How often +soever; as often as.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">quo-usque</span>, adv. (for quom; usque, fr. +quom, old form of quem; usque) <i>Until what time; how long.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_R" id = "vocab_R" href = "#vocab">R</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">răpĭo</span>, ŭi, raptum, răpĕre, a. <i>To +match</i> or <i>draw away</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ră-tĭo</span>, ōnis, f. (reor) <i>A +calculation; judgment, reason; course, manner.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕcens</span>, ntis, adj. <i>Fresh, +recent.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕ-cĭpĭo</span>, cēpi, ceptum, rĕcĭpĕre, a. +(re; capio) <i>To take back; to accept, receive.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕ-cognosco</span>, cognōvi, cognitum, +cognoscĕre, a. <i>To know again, recognize; to examine, review.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕ-condo</span>, condĭdi, condĭtum, condĕre, +a. <i>To put back again; to sheath</i> (of a sword); <i>to lay up; +bury</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rec-tus</span>, a, um, part, (for reg-tus, fr. +reg-o) <i>Right; straight.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">red-und-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, n. <i>To +overflow; to abound.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">re-fĕro</span>, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. irr. +<i>To carry, bring</i>, or <i>give back; to return, pay back</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rēgĭ-ē</span>, adv. (regi-us) <i>Royally, +tyrannically.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕ-lĕvo</span>, lĕvāvi, lĕvātum, lĕvāre, a. +<i>To make light; to relieve.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕ-linquo</span>, līqui, lictum, <ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘liuquĕre’">linquĕre</ins>, a. (re; +linquo, <i>to leave</i>) <i>To leave behind, leave.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕlĭqu-us</span>, a, um, adj. (<ins class = +"correction" title = "error for ‘reli[n]qu-o’?">rel[n]qu-o</ins>) +<i>Remaining; the remainder of, rest.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕmănĕo</span>, mansi, no sup., mănēre, n. +<i>To remain behind.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕ-mŏror</span>, mŏrātus sum, mŏrāri, dep., n. +and a. <i>To stay, delay, to detain.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">re-pello</span>, pŭli, pulsum, a. <i>To +reject, repel.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕ-pĕrio</span>, rĕpĕri, rĕpertum, pĕrīre, a. +(re; par-o) <i>To find.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">re-primo</span>, pressi, pressum, a. (re; +premo) <i>To check, restrain.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕpŭdĭ-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. +(repudi-um, <i>a casting off</i>) <i>To cast off; to reject.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rēs</span>, rĕi, f. <i>A thing, matter</i>; +res publica, <i>the commonwealth, the state</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕ-sĭdĕo</span>, sēdi, no sup., sĭdēre, n. +(re; sedeo) <i>To remain; to remain behind.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rē-spondĕo</span>, spondi, sponsum, spondēre, +a. (re; spondeo, <i>to promise</i>) <i>To answer, reply.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">respon-sum</span>, i, n. (for respond-sum, fr. +respond-eo) <i>An answer, reply.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rēs-publĭcā</span>, rĕi-publĭcae, f.; see +res.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rĕ-vŏco</span>, a. <i>To call back, to +recall.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rŏgo</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. <i>To ask</i>; +rogare legem, <i>to propose a law</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">rŭ-īna</span>, ae, f. (ru-o) <i>A falling; +ruin.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_S" id = "vocab_S" href = "#vocab">S</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">sacr-ārĭum</span>, ii (a long or short), n, +(sacr-um) <i>A place for keeping holy things; a shrine.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sacrum</span>, i (a long or short), n. (sacer) +<i>A sacred thing; a religious rite, ceremony.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">saep-e</span>, adv. (saep-is, <i>frequent</i>) +<i>Often, frequently.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">săg-ax</span>, ācĭs, adj. (sagio, <i>to +perceive quickly</i>) <i>Sagacious, keen-scented.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sălū-s</span>, ūtis, f. (for salvit-s; fr. +salv-eo, <i>to be well</i>) <i>Health; safety, prosperity.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sălūt-o</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. (salus) +<i>To greet, salute.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sanc-tus</span>, a, um, adj. (sancio) +<i>Sacred, holy, venerable.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">74</span> +<a name = "page74" id = "page74"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">sanguis</span>, inis, m. <i>Blood.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sătelles</span>, ĭtis, com. gen. <i>An +attendant; an accomplice, partner.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sătĭs (sat)</span>, adv. <i>Enough.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sătis-făcĭo</span>, fēci, factum, făcĕre, a. +<i>To give satisfaction; satisfy, content.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">scĕlĕrāt-ē</span>, adv. (scelerat-us) +<i>Impiously, wickedly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">scĕlĕrā-tus</span>, a, um, part. (sceler[a]-o, +<i>to pollute</i>) <i>Polluted, bad</i>; as noun, m., <i>a +wretch</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">scĕlus</span>, ĕris, n. <i>An evil deed; +a crime, guilt.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">scio</span>, scīvi, scītum, scīre, a. <i>To +know, perceive.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sē-cēdo</span>, cessi, cessum, cēdĕre, n. +<i>To go apart; to go away.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sē-cerno</span>, crēvi, crētum, cernĕre, a. +<i>To put apart, separate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sed</span>, conj. <i>But, yet, but also</i>; +non solum ... sed etiam, <i>not only</i> ... <i>but also</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sēd-ĭ-tĭo</span>, ōnis, f. (sed = sine; i, +root of eo, <i>a going apart</i>) <i>Sedition, strife.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sē-jungo</span>, junxi, junctum, jungĕre, a. +<i>To disjoin; to separate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sē-men</span>, ĭnis, n. (for sā-men, fr. sa, +true root of sero<ins class = "correction" title = "; for close parenthesis">) </ins><i>the sown thing. Seed</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">semper</span>, adv. <i>Ever, always.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sĕn-ātus</span>, ūs, m. (senex) <i>The council +of the elders, the senate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sĕnātūs-consultum</span>, i, n. <i>A decree of +the senate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sen-sus</span>, ŭs, m. (for sent-sus, fr. +sent-io) <i>Perception, feeling.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sentent-ĭa</span>, ae, f. (for sentient-ia, +fr. sentiens, <i>thinking</i>) <i>An opinion, sentiment; sentence, +vote.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sentīna</span>, ae, f. <i>Bilge-water; the +lowest of the people, rabble; mob.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sentĭo</span>, sensi, sensum, sentire, a. +<i>To feel, see; to perceive.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sequor</span>, sĕcutus sum, sĕqui, dep. <i>To +follow, to comply with, conform to.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sermo</span>, ōnis, m. <i>A speaking; talk, +conversation.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sēr-ō</span>, adv. (ser-us) <i>Late, too +late.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">serv-ĭo</span>, ivi, itum, ire, n. (serv-us) +<i>To be a slave; to serve,</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">servo</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. <i>To save, +preserve, protect.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sērvus</span>, i, m. <i>A slave.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sēsē</span>, reduplicated form of acc. or abl. +of sui.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sĕvēr-itas</span>, ātis, f. (severus) +<i>Strictness, severity.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sex-tus</span>, a, um, ord. num. adj. (sex) +<i>The sixth.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">si</span>, conj. <i>If, whether.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sīc</span>, adv. <i>In this manner, so +thus.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sīca</span>, ae, f. <i>A dagger, +poniard.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sīc-ut</span> or sīc-uti, adv. <i>So as, just +as.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sĭlent-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (silens, +<i>silent</i>) <i>Silence.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sĭlĕo</span>, ui, no sup., n. <i>To be +noiseless, still</i>, or <i>silent</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sĭmĭlĭs</span>, e, adj. (with gen. and dat.) +<i>Like, similar.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sĭmul</span>, adv. <i>Together, at once</i>; +simul-ac <i>or</i> atque, <i>as soon as</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sī-n</span>, conj. (si; ne) <i>But if.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sine</span>, prep. with abl. +<i>Without.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sing-ŭli</span>, ae, a, num. distrib. adj. +<i>One to each, separate, single, each, every.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sĭno</span>, sīvi, sĭtum, sĭnăre, a. <i>To +let, suffer, allow.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sŏcĭ-etas</span>, ātis, f. (soci-us) +<i>Fellowship, association, society; a league, an alliance.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">socius</span>, ii, m. <i>A partner, companion; +ally, confederate.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sŏdālis</span>, is, com. gen. <i>A boon +companion.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sŏlĕo</span>, sŏlĭtus sum, n. semi-dep. <i>To +be wont, be accustomed.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sōl-ĭtūdo</span>, īnĭs, f. (sol-us) +<i>Loneliness, aolitude; a desert, wilderness.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sōl-um</span>, adv. (sōl-us) <i>Alone, +only.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">somnus</span>, i, m. <i>Sleep, +slumber.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">spĕcŭl-or</span>, dep. a. and n. (specula, +<i>a watch-tower</i>) <i>To watch, observe, explore.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">spe-s</span>, spĕi, f., gen., dat., and abl. +pl. not found in good writers (for sper-s, fr. spēr-o) <i>Hope.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">75</span> +<a name = "page75" id = "page75"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">spīr-ĭtus</span>, ūs, m. (spir-o) <i>A +breathing; a breath.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">spon-te</span>, abl., and spontis, gen. of the +noun spons, f. (for spond-te, fr. spond-eo, <i>to pledge</i>) <i>Of +one’s own accord, willingly.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">stā-tor</span>, ōris, m. <i>A supporter, +stayer.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">stătŭ-o</span>, ui, ūtum, ĕre, a. (status) +<i>To put, place; to decide, determine.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">stā-tus</span>, ūs, m. (sto) <i>Condition, +situation, state.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">stirps</span>, stirpis, f. <i>A stock, stem; +source, origin.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sto</span>, stĕti, stātum, stāre, n. <i>To +stand.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">stŭdĕo</span>, ŭi, no sup., ēre, n. and a. +<i>To be eager; to pursue, be devoted to.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">stŭd-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (stud-eo) +<i>Assiduity, zeal.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">stultus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>Foolish, +simple.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">stuprum</span>, i (u long or short), n. +<i>Debauchery, lewdness.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">suādeo</span>, suāsi, suāsum, suādēre, n. and +a. <i>To advise, recommend.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sub-sell-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (sub; sell-a) <i>A +bench, judge’s seat.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sŭi</span>, sibi, se or sese, pron. reflex. +<i>Of himself, herself, itself</i>, or <i>themselves</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sum</span>, esse, fŭi, no sup., n. irr. +<i><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Te’">to</ins> be, +exist.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">summus</span>, a, um, sup. adj. (superus) +<i>The highest, greatest, very great; the most important; the top of, +the summit of.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sŭpĕr-ĭor</span>, ĭus, comp. adj. (super) +<i>Higher; earlier, former.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">supplĭc-ĭum</span>, ii, n. (supplic-o) <i>A +humble petition; punishment.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sus-cĭpĭo</span>, cēpi, ceptum, cĭpĕre, a. +<i>To undertake.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">suspec-tus</span>, a, um, part. (suspic-io, +through true root suspec) <i>Mistrusted, suspected.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">su-spĭcĭo</span>, spexi, spectum, spĭcere, a. +and n. (sub; specio, <i>to look</i>) <i>To look at from under; to +mistrust, suspect.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">suspīc-ĭo</span>, ōnis, f. (suspic-or) +<i>Mistrust, suspicion.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">suspĭc-or</span>, ātus sum, āri, dep. +(suspic-io) <i>To suspect.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">suspitio</span>: see suspicio.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sus-tĭneo</span>, tĭnŭi, tentum, tĭnēre, a. +<i>To support, sustain.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">sŭ-us</span>, a, um, poss. pron. (su-i) +<i>Of</i> or <i>belonging to himself, herself, itself</i>, or +<i>themselves; his own, her own, its own, their own</i>.</p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_T" id = "vocab_T" href = "#vocab">T</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">tăbŭla</span>, ae, f. <i>A board; a +writing-tablet.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tăcĕo</span>, ŭi, ĭtum, <ins class = +"correction" title = "printed after ‘-atis’ on following line">tăcēre</ins>, n. <i>To be silent.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tăciturn-ĭtas</span>, ātis, f. (taciturnus, +<i>quiet</i>) <i>Silence.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tăc-ĭtus</span>, a, um, adj. (taceo) +<i>Silent.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tae-ter</span>, tra, trum, adj. (for taed-ter, +fr. taed-et) <i>Foul, shameful, disgraceful.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tam</span>, adv. <i>So, so far, so very, so +much.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tămen</span>, adv. <i>Nevertheless, however, +still.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tăm-etsi</span>, conj. (contracted fr. +tamen-etsi) <i>Although, though.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tan-dem</span>, adv. (tam) <i>At length</i>; +in questions, <i>pray</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tam-quam</span>, adv. (tam; quam) <i>As much +as; just as, like as, as if, as it were.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tantus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>So great, so +large, so many.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tec-tum</span>, i, n. (for teg-tum, fr. teg-o) +<i>A roof, house.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tēlum</span>, i, n. <i>A spear; +weapon.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tempes-tas</span>, ātis, f. (for tempor-tas, +fr. tempus) <i>A space of time; a time; weather</i> (both good and +bad), hence <i>a storm, tempest</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">templum</span>, i, n. <i>A temple, +shrine.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">temp-to</span>, tāvi, tātum, tāre, a. intens. +(also written <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘ten-td’">ten-to</ins>, fr. teneo) <i>To handle; to try; to try the +strength of; to attack.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tempus</span>, ŏris, n. <i>A portion of time; +a time; a critical moment, circumstances.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tĕnĕbrae</span>, ārum, f. pl. +<i>Darkness.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">76</span> +<a name = "page76" id = "page76"> </a> +<p><span class = "larger">tĕnĕo</span>, tĕnŭi, tentum, a., tĕnēre. <i>To +hold, keep, have, guard.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">terra</span>, ae, f. <i>The earth, land</i>; +orbis terrarum, <i>the world; country</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tĭmĕo</span>, ūi, no sup., <ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘tĭnēre’">tĭmēre</ins>, a. and n. <i>To +fear.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tĭm-or</span>, ōris, m. <i>Fear.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tollo</span>, sustŭli, sublătum, tollĕre, a. +<i>To lift up; to destroy, take away.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tot</span>, num. adj. indecl. <i>So +many.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tŏt-ĭes</span>, (iens) num. adv. (tot) <i>So +often, so many times.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tōtus</span>, a, um, adj. <i>All, all the; the +whole</i>; in adverbial force, <i>altogether, wholly</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">trans-fĕro</span>, ferre, tŭli, lātum, a. +<i>To bear <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘ucross’">across</ins>; to transport, transfer.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tribūn-al</span>, ālis, n. (tribunus) <i>A +judgment-seat, tribunal.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">trib-ūnus</span>, i, m. (trib-us) <i>A +tribune.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tru-cīdo</span>, a. (for truc-caedo, fr. trux +[<i>savage</i>]; caedo) <i>To slaughter.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tū</span>, tui, pers. pron. <i>Thou, you</i> +(sing.)</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tum</span>, adv. <i>Then, at that +time.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tŭmultus</span>, ūs, m. <i>Disturbance, +tumult.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">turp-ĭtūdo</span>, inis, f. (turpis) +<i>Baseness, infamy.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tū-tus</span>, a, um, (tu-eor) <i>Safe, +secure.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">tŭ-us</span>, a, um, poss. pron. (tu) <i>Thy, +thine, your, yours.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_U" id = "vocab_U" href = "#vocab">U</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">ŭbi</span>, adv. (akin to qui) <i>Where; +when</i>; ubinam, <i>where, pray?</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ul-lus</span>, a, um, adj. dim. (for un-lus, +fr. unus) <i>Any, any one.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">umquam</span>: see unquam.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">ūnā</span>, adv. (adverbial abl. of unus) +<i>At the same time, in company, together.</i></p> + + +<h5><a name = "vocab_V" id = "vocab_V" href = "#vocab">V</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "larger">vir-tus</span>, ūtis, f. (vir) <i>Manliness, +manhood; courage; worth, merit.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">vis</span>, vis, f. <i>Strength, +force.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">viscus</span>, ĕris, n. (mostly in pl.) <i>The +inwards; the viscera.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">vĭ-ta</span>, ae, f. (for viv-ta, fr. viv-o) +<i>Life.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">vĭtĭum</span>, ii, n. <i>Fault, blemish, +error, crime, vice.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">vīto</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. <i>To shun, +avoid.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">vīvo</span>, vixi, victum, vīvĕre, n. <i>To +live.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">vīv-us</span>, a, um, adj. (vīv-o) +<i>Alive.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">vix</span>, adv. <i>With difficulty, hardly, +scarcely</i>; vixdum, <i>scarcely</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">vŏco</span>, āvi, ātum, āre, a. <i>To call; +summon.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">volnĕr-o</span>, āvi, <ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘ātissu’">ātus sum</ins>, āre, a. +(volnus) <i>To wound.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">volo</span>, velle, volŭi, no sup., a. irr. +<i>To will, wish, desire.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">voltus</span>: see vultus.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">volun-tas</span>, ātis, f. (for volent-tas, +fr. volens) <i>Will, wish, desire, inclination.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">volup-tas</span>, ātis, f. (volup, +<i>agreeable</i>) <i>Enjoyment, pleasure, delight.</i></p> + +<p><span class = "larger">vox</span>, vōcis, f. (for voc-s, fr. voc-o, +<i>that which calls out</i>) <i>A voice; a word</i>; in pl., +<i>language, sayings, words</i>.</p> + +<p><span class = "larger">vul-tus</span>, ūs, m. (for vol-tus, fr. +vol-o) <i>The countenance; looks, aspect.</i></p> + +</div> <!-- end div vocab --> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/tail81.png" width = "261" height = "54" +alt = "decoration"> +</p> + + +<p><a class = "toplink" href = "#contents">TOP</a></p> + +<h3><span class = "subhead"> +<a name = "oration_bare" id = "oration_bare"> +M. TULLII CICERONIS</a></span><br> +ORATIO IN L. CATILINAM<br> +<span class = "subhead">PRIMA.<br> +HABITA IN SENATU.</span></h3> + + +<p>I.— <b>1.</b> Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia +nostra? Quam diu etiam furor iste tuus eludet? Quem ad finem sese +effrenata jactabit audacia? Nihilne te nocturnum praesidium Palatii, +nihil urbis vigiliae, nihil timor populi, nihil concursus bonorum +omnium, nihil hic munitissimus habendi senatus locus, nihil horum ora +vultusque moverunt. Patere tua consilia non sentis? Constrictam omnium +horum scientia teneri conjurationem tuam non vides? Quid proxima, quid +superiore nocte egeris, ubi fueris, quos convocaveris, quid consilii +ceperis, quem nostrum ignorare arbitraris? +<b>2.</b> O tempora, O mores! senatus haec intellegit, +consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit? immo vero etiam in senatum venit, +fit publici consilii particeps, notat et designat oculis ad caedem unum +quemque nostrum. Nos autem, viri fortes, satis facere rei publicae +videmur, si istius furorem ac tela <!-- printed 7 for 6 --> vitemus. Ad +mortem te, Catilina, duci jussu consulis jam pridem oportebat, in te +conferri pestem istam, quam tu in nos machinaris. +<b>3.</b> An vero vir amplissimus, P. Scipio, pontifex +maximus, Ti. Gracchum, mediocriter labefactantem statum rei +publicae, privatus interfecit: Catilinam orbem terrae caede atque +incendiis vastare cupientem, nos consules perferemus? Nam illa nimis +antiqua praetereo, quod C. <ins class = "correction" title = +"corrected by hand from ‘Serviliusi’">Servilius</ins> Ahala Sp. Maelium, +novis rebus studentem, manu sua occidit. Fuit, fuit ista quondam in hac +re publica virtus, ut viri fortes acerbioribus <ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads ‘supplicus’">suppliciis</ins> civem perniciosum quam +acerbissimum hostem coercerent. Habemus senatus consultum in te, +Catilina, vehemens et grave: non deest rei publicae consilium neque +auctoritas hujus ordinis: nos, nos, dico aperte, consules desumus.</p> + +<p>II.— <b>4.</b> Decrevit quondam senatus ut L. Opimius +consul videret ne quid res publica detrimenti caperet; nox nulla +intercessit; interfectus est propter quasdam seditionum suspiciones +C. Gracchus, clarissimo patre, avo, majoribus: occisus est cum +liberis M. Fulvius consularis. Simili senatus consulto +C. Mario et L. Valerio consulibus est permissa res publica: +num unum diem postea L. Saturninum tribunum plebis et +C. Servilium praetorem mors ac rei publicae poena remorata est? At +vero nos vicesimum jam diem patimur hebescere aciei horum auctoritatis. +Habemus enim hujus modi senatus consultum, verum inclusum in tabulis +tamquam in vagina reconditum, quo ex senatus consulto confestim +interfectum te esse, Catilina, convenit. <ins class = "correction" title += "corrected by hand from ‘Visis’">Vivis</ins>, et vivis non ad +deponendam sed ad confirmandam audaciam. Cupio, patres conscripti, me +esse clementem, cupio in tantis rei publicae periculis me non dissolutum +videri, sed jam me ipse inertiae nequitiaeque condemno. +<b>5.</b> Castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae +faucibus collocata, crescit in dies singulos hostium numerus, eorum +autem <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘castorum’">castrorum</ins> imperatorem ducemque hostium intra moenia +atque adeo in senatu videmus intestinam aliquam cotidie perniciem rei +publicae molientem. Si te jam, Catilina, comprehendi, si interfici +jussero, credo, erit verendum mihi, ne non potius hoc omnes boni serius +a me quam quisquam crudelius factum se dicat. Verum ego hoc, quod jam +pridem factum esse oportuit, certa de causa nondum adducor, ut faciam. +Tum denique interficiere, cum jam nemo tam improbus, tam perditus, tam +tui similis inveniri poterit, qui id non jure factum esse fateatur. +<b>6.</b> Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, +sed vives ita, ut vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis oppressus, ne +commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et +aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque +custodient.</p> + +<p>III.—Etenim quid est, Catilina, quod jam amplius exspectes, si +neque nox tenebris <ins class = "correction" title = "corrected by hand from ‘obscurari’">obscurare</ins> coeptus nefarios neque privata domus +parietibus <ins class = "correction" title = "corrected by hand from ‘contineri’">continere</ins> voces conjurationis tuae potest? Si +inlustrantur, si erumpunt omnia? Muta jam istam mentem, mihi crede! +obliviscere caedis atque incendiorum. Teneris undique: luce sunt +clariora nobis tua consilia omnia; quae jam mecum licet recognoscas. +<b>7.</b> Meministine me ante diem duodecimum Kalendas Novembres +dicere in senatu, fore in armis certo die, qui dies futurus esset ante +diem sextum Kalendas Novembres, C. Manlium, audaciae satellitem +atque administrum tuae? Num me fefellit, Catilina, non modo res tanta, +tam atrox, tamque incredibilis, verum id quod multo magis admirandum, +dies? Dixi ego idem in senatu, caedem te optimatium contulisse in ante +diem quintum Kalendas Novembres, tum cum multi principes civitatis Roma +non tam sui conservandi quam tuorum consiliorum reprimendorum causa +profugerunt. Num infitiari potes te illo die meis praesidiis, mea +diligentia circumclusum commovere te contra rem publicam non potuisse, +cum te discessu ceterorum nostra tamen, qui remansissemus, caede +contentum <ins class = "correction" title = "corrected by hand from ‘se’">esse</ins> dicebas? +<b>8.</b> Quid? cum tu te Praeneste Kalendis ipsis Novembribus +occupaturum nocturno impetu esse confideres, sensistine illam coloniam +meo jussu meis praesidiis, custodiis vigiliisque esse munitam? Nihil +agis, nihil moliris, nihil cogitas, quod non ego non modo audiam, sed +etiam videam planeque sentiam.</p> + + +<p>IV.—Recognosce mecum tandem noctem illam superiorem: jam +intelliges multo me vigilare acrius ad salutem quam te ad perniciem rei +publicae. Dico te priore nocte venisse inter falcarios—non agam +obscure in M. Laecae domum: convenisse eodem complures ejusdem +amentiae scelerisque socios. Num negare audes? quid taces? convincam, si +negas: video enim esse hic in senatu quosdam, qui tecum una fuerunt. +<b>9.</b> O di immortales! ubinam gentium sumus! quam rem publicam +habemus? in qua urbe vivimus? Hic, hic sunt in nostro numero, patres +conscripti, in hoc orbis terrae sanctissimo gravissimoque consilio, qui +de nostro omnium interitu, qui de hujus urbis atque adeo de orbis +terrarum exitio cogitent. Hosce ego video et de re publica sententiam +rogo, <ins class = "correction" title = "added by hand">et</ins> quos +ferro trucidari oportebat, eos nondum voce vulnero. Fuisti igitur apud +Laecam illa nocte, Catilina; distribuisti <ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads ‘partesJ taliae’">partes Italiae</ins>; statuisti +quo quemque proficisci placeret, delegisti quos Romae relinqueres, quos +tecum educeres, discripsisti urbis partes ad incendia, confirmasti te +ipsum jam esse exiturum, dixisti paullulum tibi esse etiam tum morae, +quod ego viverem. Reperti sunt duo equites Romani, qui te ista cura +liberarent et sese illa ipsa nocte paulo ante lucem me in meo lectulo +interfecturos esse pollicerentur. +<b>10.</b> Haec ego omnia, vixdum etiam coetu vestro dimisso, +comperi, domum meam majoribus praesidiis munivi atque firmavi, exclusi +eos, quos tu ad me salutatum mane miseras, cum illi ipsi venissent, quos +ego jam multis ac summis viris ad me id temporis venturos +praedixeram.</p> + + +<p>V.— <b>11.</b> Quae cum ita sint, Catilina, perge quo coepisti, +egredere aliquando ex urbe: patent portae: proficiscere. Nimium diu te +imperatorem tua illa Manliana castra desiderant. Educ tecum etiam omnes +tuos, si minus, quam plurimos: purga urbem. Magno me metu liberabis, dum +modo inter me atque te murus intersit. Nobiscum versari jam diutius non +potes: non feram, non patiar, non sinam. Magna dis immortalibus habenda +est atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, antiquissimo custodi hujus urbis, +gratia, quod hanc tam taetram, tam horribilem tamque infestam rei +publicae pestem totiens jam effugimus. Non est saepius in uno homine +summa salus periclitanda <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘re, ... Catilinai’ at successive line-ends">re,</ins> publicae. Quam +diu mihi, <!-- tag numbers 8, 9 reversed--> consuli designato, <ins +class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘re, ... Catilinai’ at successive line-ends">Catilinai</ins> insidiatus es, non publico me +praesidio, sed privata diligentia defendi. Cum proximis comitiis +consularibus me consulem in campo et competitores tuos interficere +voluisti, compressi conatus tuos nefarios amicorum praesidio et copiis, +nullo tumultu publice concitato: denique, quotienscumque me petisti, per +me tibi obstiti, quamquam videbam perniciem meam cum magna calamitate +rei publicae esse conjunctam. +<b>12.</b> Nunc jam aperte rem publicam universam petis: templa +deorum immortalium, tecta urbis, vitam omnium civium, Italiam denique +totam ad exitium ac vastitatem vocas. Quare quoniam id, quod est primum +et quod hujus imperii disciplinaeque majorum proprium est, facere nondum +audeo, faciam id, quod est ad severitatem lenius et ad communem salutem +utilius. Nam si te interfici jussero, residebit in re publica reliqua +conjuratorum manus: sin tu, quod te jam dudum hortor, exieris, +exhaurietur ex urbe tuorum comitum magna et perniciosa <ins class = +"correction" title = "missing word supplied from notes and OCT">sentina</ins> <ins class = "correction" title = "printed as one word">rei publicae</ins>. +<b>13.</b> Quid est, Catilina? num dubitas id imperante me facere, +quod jam tua sponte faciebas? Exire ex urbe jubet consul hostem. +Interrogas me: num in exilium? non jubeo, sed, si me consulis, +suadeo.</p> + +<p>VI.—Quid est enim, Catilina, quod te jam in hac urbe delectare +possit? In qua nemo est extra ista conjurationem perditorum hominum qui +te non metuat, nemo qui non oderit. Quae nota domesticae turpitudinis +non inusta vitae tuae est? Quod privatarum rerum dedecus non haeret in +fama? Quae libido ab oculis, quod facinus a manibus unquam tuis, quod +flagitium a toto corpore abfuit? Cui tu adulescentulo, quem +corruptelarum illecebris irretisses, non aut ad audaciam ferrum aut ad +libidinem facem praetulisti? +<b>14.</b> Quid vero? Nuper, cum morte superioris uxoris novis +nuptiis domum vacuefecisses, nonne etiam alio incredibili scelere hoc +scelus cumulasti? Quod ego praetermitto et facile patior sileri, ne in +hac civitate tanti facinoris immanitas, aut exstitisse aut non vindicata +esse videatur. Praetermitto ruinas fortunarum tuarum, quas omnes +impendere tibi proximis Idibus senties: ad illa venio, quae non ad +privatam ignominiam vitiorum tuorum, non ad domesticam tuam +difficultatem ac turpitudinem, sed ad summam rem publicam atque ad +omnium nostrum vitam salutemque pertinent. +<b>15.</b> Potestne tibi haec lux, Catilina, aut hujus caeli +spiritus esse jucundus, cum scias esse horum neminem qui nesciat, te +pridie Kalendas Januarias Lepido et Tullo Consulibus stetisse in comitio +cum telo? Manum consulum et principum civitatis interficiendorum causa +paravisse sceleri ac furori tuo non mentem aliquam aut timorem tuum, sed +fortunam populi Romani obstitisse? Ac jam illa omitto—neque enim +sunt aut obscura aut non multa commissa postea:—quotiens tu me +designatum, quotiens consulem interficere voluisti! quot ego tuas +petitiones ita conjectas, ut vitari posse non viderentur, parva quadam +declinatione et, ut aiunt, corpore effugi! nihil adsequeris, neque tamen +conari ac velle desistis. +<b>16.</b> Quotiens tibi jam extorta est sica ista de manibus! +quotiens excidit aliquo casu et elapsa est! quae quidem quibus abs te +initiata sacris ac devota sit, nescio, quod eam necesse putas esse in +consulis corpore defigere.</p> + + +<p>VII.—Nunc vero quae tua est ista vita? Sic <ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘enam’">enim</ins> jam tecum loquar, +non ut odio permotus esse videar, quo debeo, sed ut misericordia, quae +tibi nulla debetur. Venisti paulo ante in senatum. Quis te ex hac tanta +frequentia, tot ex tuis amicis ac necessariis salutavit? Si hoc post +hominum memoriam contigit nemini, vocis exspectas contumeliam, cum sis +gravissimo judicio taciturnitatis oppressus? Quid? Quod adventu tuo ista +subsellia vacuefacta sunt, quod omnes consulares, qui tibi persaepe ad +caedem constituti fuerunt, simul atque adsedisti, partem istam +subselliorum nudam atque inanem reliquerunt, quo tandem animo hoc tibi +ferendum putas? +<b>17.</b> Servi mehercule mei si me isto pacto metuerent, ut te +metuunt omnes cives tui, domum meam relinquendam putarem: tu tibi urbem +nom arbitraris? <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Esti’">Etsi</ins> me meis civibus injuria suspectum tam graviter atque +offensum viderem, carere me aspectu civium quam infestis oculis omnium +conspici mallem: tu cum conscientia scelerum tuorum agnoscas odium +omnium justum et jam diu tibi debitum, dubitas, quorum mentes sensusque +vulneras, eorum aspectum praesentiamque vitare? Si te parentes timerent +atque odissent tui nec eos ulla ratione placare posses, ut opinor, ab +eorum oculis aliquo concederes: nunc te patria quae communis est parens +omnium nostrum, odit ac metuit et jam diu nihil te judicat nisi de +parricidio suo cogitare: hujus tu neque auctoritatem verebere nec +judicium sequere nec vim pertimesces? +<b>18.</b> Quae tecum, Catilina, sic agit et quodam modo tacita +loquitur: ‘Nullum jam aliquot annis facinus exstitit nisi per te, nullum +flagitium sine te: tibi uni multorum civium neces, tibi vexatio +direptioque sociorum impunita fuit ac libera: tu non solum ad +negligendas leges et quaestiones, verum etiam ad evertendas +perfringendasque valuisti. Superiora illa, quamquam ferenda non fuerunt, +tamen ut potui, tuli: nunc vero me totam esse in <ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘matu’">metu</ins> propter unum te, +quidquid increpuerit Catilinam timeri, nullum videri contra me consilium +iniri posse, quod a tuo scelere abhorreat, non est ferendum. Quamobrem +discede atque hunc mihi timorem eripe, si est verus, ne opprimar, sin +falsus, ut tandem aliquando timere desinam.’</p> + + +<p>VIII.— <b>19.</b> Haec si tecum, ut dixi, patria loquatur, +nonne impetrare debeat, etiam si vim adhibere non possit? Quid? Quod tu +te ipse in custodiam dedisti? Quod vitandae suspicionis causa apud M’. +Lepidum te habitare velle dixisti? A quo non receptus etiam ad me +venire ausus es, atque ut domi meae te adservarem rogasti. Cum a me +quoque id responsum tulisses, me nullo modo posse isdem parietibus tuto +esse tecum, qui magno in periculo essem quod isdem moenibus +contineremur, ad Q. Metellum praetorem venisti: a quo +repudiatus ad sodalem tuum, virum optimum, M. Metellum demigrasti, +quem tu videlicet et ad custodiendum diligentissimum et ad suspicandum +sagacissimum et ad vindicandum fortissimum fore putasti. Sed quam longe +videtur a carcere atque vinculis abesse debere, qui se ipse jam dignum +custodia judicarit? +<b>20.</b> Quae cum ita sint, dubitas, si emori aequo animo non +potes, abire in aliquas terras et vitam istam, multis suppliciis justis +debitisque ereptam, fugae solitudinique mandare? Refer, inquis, ad +senatum; id enim postulas, et, si hic ordo sibi placere decreverit te +ire in exilium, obtemperaturum te esse dicis. Non referam, id quod +abhorret a meis moribus, et tamen faciam ut intelligas, quid hi de te +sentiant. Egredere ex urbe, Catilina, libera rem publicam metu in +exilium, si hunc vocem exspectas, proficiscere. Quid est, Catilina? +Ecquid attendis, ecquid animadvertis horum silentium? Patiuntur, tacent. +Quid exspectas auctoritatem loquentium, quorum voluntatem tacitorum +perspicis? +<b>21.</b> At si hoc idem huic adulescenti optimo, P. Sestio, +si fortissimo vero M. Marcello dixissem, jam mihi consuli hoc ipso +in templo jure optimo senatus vim et manus intulisset. De te autem, +Catilina, cum quiescunt, probant, cum patiuntur, decernunt, cum tacent, +clamant: neque hi solum, quorum auctoritas est videlicet cara, vita +vilissima, sed etiam equites Romani honestissimi atque optimi viri, +ceterique fortissimi cives, qui stant circum senatum, quorum tu et +frequentiam videre et studia perspicere et voces paulo ante exaudire +potuisti. Quorum ego vix abs te jam diu manus ac tela contineo, eosdem +facile adducam ut te haec, quae jam pridem vastare studes, relinquentem +usque ad portas prosequantur.</p> + +<p>IX.— <b>22.</b> Quamquam quid loquor? Te ut ulla res frangat? +Tu ut te unquam corrigas? Tu ut ullam fugam meditere? Tu ut exilium +cogites? Utinam tibi istam mentem di immortales duint! Etsi video, si +mea voce perterritus ire in exilium animum induxeris, quanta tempestas +invidiae nobis, si minus in praesens tempus, recenti memoria scelerum +tuorum, at in posteritatem impendeat. Sed est tanti, dum modo ista sit +privata calamitas, et a rei <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘pablicae’">publicae</ins> periculis sejungatur. Sed tu ut vitiis +commoveare, ut legum poenas pertimescas, ut temporibus rei publicae +cedas, non est postulandum. Neque enim is es, Catilina, ut te aut pudor +unquam a turpitudine aut metus a periculo aut ratio a furore +revocaverit. +<b>23.</b> Quam ob rem, ut saepe jam dixi, proficiscere, ac, si +mihi inimico, ut praedicas, tuo conflare vis invidiam, recta perge in +exilium; vix feram sermones hominum, si id feceris, vix molem istius +invidiae, si in exilium jussu consulis ieris, sustinebo. Sin autem +servire meae laudi et gloriae mavis, egredere cum importuna sceleratorum +manu. Confer te ad Manlium, concita perditos cives, secerne te a bonis, +infer patriae bellum, exsulta impio latrocinio, ut a me non ejectus ad +alienos, sed invitatus ad tuos esse videaris. +<b>24.</b> Quamquam quid ego te invitem, a quo jam sciam esse +praemissos, qui tibi ad Forum Aurelium praestolarentur armati? Cui sciam +pactam et constitutam cum Manlio diem. A quo etiam aquilam illam +argenteam, quam tibi ac tuis omnibus perniciosam esse confido ac +funestam futuram, cui domi tuae sacrarium scelerum tuorum constitutum +fuit, sciam esse praemissam? Tu ut illa diutius carere possis, quam +venerari ad caedem proficisens solebas, a cujus altaribus saepe +istam impiam dexteram ad necem civium transtulisti.</p> + +<p>X.— <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘23’"> +<b>25.</b></ins> Ibis tandem aliquando, quo te jam pridem ista cupiditas +effrenata ac furiosa rapiebat. Neque enim tibi haec res adfert dolorem, +sed quandam incredibilem voluptatem. Ad hanc te amentiam natura peperit, +voluntas exercuit, fortuna servavit. Nunquam tu non modo otium, sed ne +bellum quidem, nisi nefarium concupisti. Nanctus es ex perditis atque ab +omni non modo fortuna, verum etiam spe derelictis conflatam, improborum +manum. +<b>26.</b> Hic tu qua laetitia perfruere! quibus gaudiis +exsultabis! quanta in voluptate bacchabere, cum in tanto numero <ins +class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘turorum’">tuorum</ins> neque +audies virum bonum quemquam neque videbis. Ad hujus vitae studium +meditati illi sunt qui feruntur labores tui, jacere humi, non solum ad +obsidendum stuprum, verum etiam ad facinus obeundum, vigilare non solum +insidiantem somno maritorum, verum etiam bonis otiosorum. Habes, ubi +ostentes, illam tuam praeclaram patientiam famis, frigoris, inopiae +verum omnium, quibus te brevi tempore conectum senties. +<b>27.</b> Tantum profeci tum, cum te a consulatu reppuli, ut exsul +potius tentare quam consul vexare rem <ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads ‘publiciam’">publicam</ins> posses atque ut id, quod est abs +te scelerate susceptum, latrocinium potius quam bellum nominaretur.</p> + + +<p>XI.—Nunc ut a me, patres conscripti, quandam prope justam +patriae querimoniam detester ac deprecer, percipite, quaeso, diligenter +quae dicam, et ea penitus animis vestris mentibusque mandate. Etenim si +mecum patria, quae mihi vita mea multo carior est, si cuncta Italia, si +omnis res publica sic loquatur; ‘M. Tulli, quid agis? Tune eum, +quem esse hostem comperisti, quem ducem belli futurum vides, quem +exspectari imperatorem in castris hostium sentis, auctorem sceleris, +principem<ins class = "correction" title = "text has comma"> +</ins>conjurationis, evocatorem servorum et civium perditorum, exire +patiere, ut abs te non emissus ex urbe, sed immisus in urbem videatur? +Nonne hunc in vincula duci, non ad mortem rapi, non summo supplicio +mactari imperabis? +<b>28.</b> Quid tandem te impedit? Mosne majorum? At persaepe etiam +privati in hac re publica perniciosos cives morte multarunt. An leges, +quae de civium Romanorum supplicio rogatae sunt? At nunquam in hac urbe, +qui a re publica defecerunt, civium jura tenuerunt. An invidiam +posteritatis times? Praeclaram vero populo Romano refers gratiam, qui +te, hominem per te cognitum, nulla commendatione majorum tam mature ad +summum imperium per omnes honorum gradus extulit, si propter invidiam +aut alicujus periculi metum salutem civium tuorum neglegis. +<b>29.</b> Sed si quis est invidiae metus, num est vehementius +severitatis ac fortitudinis invidia quam inertiae ac nequitiae +pertimescenda? An cum bello vastabitur Italia, vexabuntur urbes, tecta +ardebunt, tum te non existimas invidiae incendio conflagraturum<ins +class = "correction" title = "close quote missing">?’</ins></p> + + +<p>XII.—His ego sanctissimis rei publicae vocibus et eorum +hominum, qui hoc idem sentiunt, mentibus pauca respondebo. Ego, si hoc +optimum factu judicarem, patres conscripti, Catilinam morte multari, +unius usuram horae gladiatori isti, ad vivendum non dedissem. Etenim si +summi viri et clarissimi cives Saturnini et Gracchorum et Flacci et +superiorum complurium sanguine non modo se non contaminarunt, sed etiam +honestarunt, certe verendum mihi non erat, ne quid hoc parricida civium +interfecto invidiae mihi in posteritatem redundaret. Quodsi ea mihi +maxime impenderet, tamen hoc animo fui semper, ut invidiam virtute +partam gloriam, non invidiam putarem. +<b>30.</b> Quamquam nonnulli sunt in hoc ordine, qui aut ea quae +imminent non videant, aut quae vident dissimulent: qui spem Catilinae +mollibus sententiis aluerunt conjurationemque nascentem non credendo +corroboraverunt; quorum auctoritatem secuti multi, non solum improbi, +verum etiam imperiti, si in hunc animadvertissem, crudeliter et regie +factum esse dicerent. Nunc intellego, si iste, quo intendit, in Manliana +castra pervenerit, neminem tam stultum fore qui non videat conjurationem +esse factam, neminem tam improbum qui non fateatur. Hoc autem uno +interfecto intellego hanc rei publicae pestem paulisper reprimi, non in +perpetuum comprimi posse. Quodsi se ejecerit secumque suos eduxerit et +eodem ceteros undique collectos naufragos adgregaverit, exstinguetur +atque delebitur non modo haec tam adulta rei publicae pestis, verum +etiam <ins class = "correction" title = "corrected by hand from ‘strips’">stirps</ins> ac semen malorum omnium.</p> + +<p>XIII.— <b>31.</b> Etenim jam diu, patres conscripti, in his +periculis conjurationis insidiisque versamur, sed nescio quo pacto +omnium scelerum ac veteris furoris et audaciae maturitas in nostri +consulatus tempus erupit. Quodsi ex tanto latrocinio iste unus tolletur, +videbimur fortasse ad breve quoddam tempus cura et metu esse relevati, +periculum autem residebit et erit inclusum penitus in venis atque in +visceribus rei publicae. Ut saepe homines aegri morbo gravi, cum aestu +febrique jactantur, si aquam gelidam biberunt, primo relevari videntur, +deinde multo gravius vehementiusque adflictantur, sic hic morbus, qui +est in re publica, relevatus istius poena, vehementius vivis reliquis +ingravescet. +<b>32.</b> Quare secedant improbi, secernant se a bonis, unum in +locum congregentur, muro denique, id quod saepe jam dixi, discernantur a +nobis: desinant insidiari domi suae consuli, circumstare tribunal +praetoris urbani, obsidere cum gladiis curiam, malleolos et faces ad +inflammandam urbem comparare: sit denique inscriptum in fronte unius +cujusque, quid de re publica sentiat. Polliceor vobis hoc, patres +conscripti, tantam in nobis consulibus fore diligentiam, tantam in vobis +auctoritatem, tantam in equitibus Romanis virtutem, tantam in omnibus +bonis consensionem, ut Catilinae profectione omnia patefacta, +inlustrata, oppressa vindicata esse videatis. +<b>33.</b> Hisce <ins class = "correction" title = "corrected by hand from ‘omnibus’">ominibus</ins>, Catilina, cum summa rei publicae +salute, cum tua peste ac pernicie cumque eorum exitio, qui se tecum omni +scelere parricidioque junxerunt, proficiscere ad impium bellum ac +nefarium. Tum, tu, Juppiter, qui isdem quibus haec urbs auspiciis a +Romulo es constitutus, quem Statorem hujus urbis atque imperii vere +nominamus, hunc et hujus socios a tuis aris ceterisque templis, +a tectis urbis ac moenibus a vita fortunisque civium arcebis, et +homines bonorum inimicos, hostes patriae, latrones Italiae, scelerum +foedere inter se ac nefaria societate conjunctos, aeternis suppliciis +vivos mortuosque mactabis.</p> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of First Oration of Cicero Against +Catiline, by John Henderson + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIRST ORATION OF CICERO - CATILINE *** + +***** This file should be named 24967-h.htm or 24967-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/9/6/24967/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, and +the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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