diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:15:06 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:15:06 -0700 |
| commit | e95ecb94fb2ecda82daa454929b766d998981058 (patch) | |
| tree | ce290868eb68c5516d0a13c6c5df2fe825b4144a /24950-h | |
Diffstat (limited to '24950-h')
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/24950-h.htm | 24416 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig01.jpg | bin | 0 -> 50535 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig02.jpg | bin | 0 -> 45744 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig03.jpg | bin | 0 -> 50486 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig04.jpg | bin | 0 -> 52952 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig05.jpg | bin | 0 -> 60084 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig06.jpg | bin | 0 -> 45455 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig07.jpg | bin | 0 -> 33022 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig07_l.jpg | bin | 0 -> 461050 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig08.jpg | bin | 0 -> 42749 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig09.jpg | bin | 0 -> 38446 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig09_l.jpg | bin | 0 -> 182321 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig10.jpg | bin | 0 -> 36328 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig10_l.jpg | bin | 0 -> 165600 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig11.jpg | bin | 0 -> 22645 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/fig11_l.jpg | bin | 0 -> 119892 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/mark01.png | bin | 0 -> 242 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/mark02.png | bin | 0 -> 269 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/mark03.png | bin | 0 -> 278 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/mark04.png | bin | 0 -> 248 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/mark05.png | bin | 0 -> 262 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/mark06.png | bin | 0 -> 390 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 24950-h/images/mark07.png | bin | 0 -> 310 bytes |
23 files changed, 24416 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/24950-h/24950-h.htm b/24950-h/24950-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..d9b7d47 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/24950-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,24416 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> + +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd" > + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of Bradford's History of 'Plimoth Plantation', + by William Bradford + </title> + <style type="text/css" xml:space="preserve"> +/*////<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + p { + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + line-height: 1.4; + } + body > p { + text-align:justify; + text-indent: 0; + } + + p.break { margin-top: 2em; } + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { + text-align: center; + clear: both; + } + + hr { width: 33%; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + clear: both; + } + + table {margin: 1em auto;} + td {padding:0 4px;} + + body{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + + .pagenum { + position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + } + + .blockquot{margin: 2.5em 5%; + font-size:0.95em; + text-align:justify; + text-indent: 0;} + .blockquot .center {text-align: center;} + .sidenote {width: 2em; + padding: 10px; + margin-left: 1em; + float: right; + clear: right; + margin-top: 1em; + font-size: smaller; + background: white; + border: solid black 1px;} + + ul {list-style-type:none;} + + .left {text-align: left;} + .right {text-align: right;} + .ltr_dt {text-align: right;} + .ltr_dt_lt {text-align: left;} + .ltr_sig_blk {width: 14em; + margin-right: 0; + margin-left:auto; + margin-top:1em;} + .ltr_sig_multi {text-align:left; margin-left:3em;} + .ltr_sig {text-align: right;} + + .closing {text-align:left;} + .center, .center p {text-align: center;} + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-weight: bold;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; + text-align: center;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; + right: 84%; + text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; + margin-right:10%; + text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; + margin-left: 0em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; + margin-left: 2em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; + margin-left: 4em; + padding-left: 3em; + text-indent: -3em;} + + hr.full { width: 100%; + margin-top: 3em; + margin-bottom: 0em; + margin-left: auto; + margin-right: auto; + height: 4px; + border-width: 4px 0 0 0; /* remove all borders except the top one */ + border-style: solid; + border-color: #000000; + clear: both; } + pre {font-size: 85%;} + // --> + /* XML end //]]>*/ + </style> + </head> + <body> + <h1> + The Project Gutenberg eBook, Bradford's History of 'Plimoth Plantation', + by William Bradford + </h1> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre> + <p> + Title: Bradford's History of 'Plimoth Plantation' + </p> + <p> + From the Original Manuscript. With a Report of the Proceedings Incident to + the Return of the Manuscript to Massachusetts + </p> + <p> + Author: William Bradford + </p> + <p> + Release Date: March 29, 2008 [eBook #24950] + </p> +<p> + Last Updated: April 14, 2019 +</p> + <p> + Language: English + </p> + <p> + Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + </p> + <p> + ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRADFORD'S HISTORY OF 'PLIMOTH + PLANTATION'*** + </p> + <p> + + </p> + <h3> + E-text prepared by Juliet Sutherland, Leonard Johnson,<br /> and the + Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br /> + (http://www.pgdp.net) + </h3> + <p> + + </p> + <h3> + Transcriber's Notes: + </h3> + <p> + Numbers (Roman and Arabic) in square brackets, [29], in the right margin + represent original manuscript pages. + </p> + <p> + Letters in Square brackets, [AB], represent a link to a footnote located + at the end of the book. + </p> + <p> + m̄ and n̄ sometimes are used to represent a double letter. + </p> + <p> + 16<sup>li</sup>. represents 16 pounds in monetary terms. The original + manuscript used a middle dot before and after the numbers, but this + publisher used only a single period/stop after the number. + </p> + <p> + The 'li' appears to mean libra and in this book the 'l' is crossed with a + middle bar or stroke. It was very difficult to represent in a Latin-1 + text, so 'li' must suffice. + </p> + <p> + Most often y, such as y<sup>e</sup>, represents a thorn and the word is + 'the'. Sometimes you will encounter the actual word 'the'. + </p> + <p> + This book is composed of many letters written by a number of authors and + each writer uses their own spellings and abbreviations, which was common + for the time in which they were written. + </p> + <p> + Spelling is inconsistent and is left unchanged from the original printing + of this book. + </p> + <p> + + </p> + <hr class="full" /> + <p> + + </p> + <p> + + </p> + <p> + + </p> + <h1> + BRADFORD'S HISTORY<br /> "OF PLIMOTH PLANTATION." + </h1> + <div class="center"> + <p> + <span class="smcap">From the Original Manuscript</span>. + </p> + <p> + WITH A REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS INCIDENT<br /> TO THE RETURN OF THE + MANUSCRIPT<br /> TO MASSACHUSETTS. + </p> + <p> + + </p> + <p> + + </p> + <p> + PRINTED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SECRETARY OF THE<br /> COMMONWEALTH,<br /> + BY ORDER OF THE GENERAL COURT. + </p> + <p> + BOSTON:<br /> WRIGHT & POTTER PRINTING CO., STATE PRINTERS,<br /> 18 + <span class="smcap">Post Office Square</span>.<br /> 1898. + </p> + </div> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"> + <img src="images/fig08.jpg" width="400" height="626" + alt="Cover of Manuscript" title="" /> <span class="caption">Cover of + Manuscript</span> + </div> + <!-- Table of Contents added by Transcriber. Not in original book. --> + <h2> + <ins title="Not in original book.">Table of Contents</ins> + </h2> + <ul> + <li> + <a href="#PROCEEDINGS">PROCEEDINGS OF THE LEGISLATURE</a> + <ul> + <li> + <a href="#JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE">JOURNAL OF THE SENATE.<br /> Monday, + May 24, 1897.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE_1">JOURNAL OF THE SENATE.<br /> + Wednesday, May 26, 1897.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#DECREE">DECREE OF THE CONSISTORIAL AND EPISCOPAL COURT OF + LONDON</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#RECEIPT_BAY">RECEIPT OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#RECEIPT_WOL">RECEIPT OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#ADDRESS_HOAR">ADDRESS OF SENATOR HOAR.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#ADDRESS_BAY">ADDRESS OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#ADDRESS_WOL">ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#ACKNOWLEDGMENT">ACKNOWLEDGMENT</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#Of_Plimoth_Plantation">Of Plimoth Plantation.</a> + <ul> + <li> + <a href="#Chapter_a">1. Chapter.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#Chap_b">2. Chap.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#The_3_Chap">The 3. Chap.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#The_4_Chap">The 4. Chap.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#The_5_Chap">The 5. Chap.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#The_6_Chap">The 6. Chap.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#The_7_Chap">The 7. Chap.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#The_8_Chap">The 8. Chap.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#The_9_Chap">The 9. Chap.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#The_10_Chap">The 10. Chap.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#The_2_Booke">The 2. Booke.</a> + <ul> + <li> + <a href="#a1620">Anno Dom: 1620.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1621">Anno Dom: 1621.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1622">Anno Dom: 1622.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1623">Anno Dom: 1623.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1624">Anno Dom: 1624.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1625">Anno Dom: 1625.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1626">Anno Dom: 1626.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1627">Anno Dom: 1627.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1628">Anno Dom: 1628.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1629">Anno Dom: 1629.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1630">Anno Dom: 1630.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1631">Anno Dom: 1631.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1632">Anno Dom: 1632.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1633">Anno Dom: 1633.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1634">Anno Dom: 1634.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1635">Anno Dom: 1635.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1636">Anno Dom: 1636.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1637">Anno Dom: 1637.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1638">Anno Dom: 1638.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1639">Anno Dom: 1639-40.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1641">Anno Dom: 1641.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1642">Anno Dom: 1642.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1643">Anno Dom: 1643.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1644">Anno Dom: 1644.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1645">Anno Dom: 1645.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1646">Anno Dom: 1646.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#a1647">Anno Dom: 1647-8.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#APPENDIX">APPENDIX.</a> + <ul> + <li> + <a href="#no_1">No. I.</a> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#No_II">No. II.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + <a href="#INDEX">INDEX.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <!-- End New TOC. --> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[iii]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + INTRODUCTION. + </h2> + <p> + To many people the return of the Bradford Manuscript is a fresh discovery + of colonial history. By very many it has been called, incorrectly, the log + of the "Mayflower." Indeed, that is the title by which it is described in + the decree of the Consistorial Court of London. The fact is, however, that + Governor Bradford undertook its preparation long after the arrival of the + Pilgrims, and it cannot be properly considered as in any sense a log or + daily journal of the voyage of the "Mayflower." It is, in point of fact, a + history of the Plymouth Colony, chiefly in the form of annals, extending + from the inception of the colony down to the year 1647. The matter has + been in print since 1856, put forth through the public spirit of the + Massachusetts Historical Society, which secured a transcript of the + document from London, and printed it in the society's proceedings of the + above-named year. As thus presented, it had copious notes, prepared with + great care by the late Charles Deane; but these are not given in the + present volume, wherein only such comments as seem indispensable to a + proper understanding of the story have been made, leaving whatever <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[iv]</a></span>elaboration + may seem desirable to some future private enterprise. + </p> + <p> + It is a matter of regret that no picture of Governor Bradford exists. Only + Edward Winslow of the Mayflower Company left an authenticated portrait of + himself, and that, painted in England, is reproduced in this volume. In + those early days Plymouth would have been a poor field for portrait + painters. The people were struggling for their daily bread rather than for + to-morrow's fame through the transmission of their features to posterity. + </p> + <p> + The volume of the original manuscript, as it was presented to the Governor + of the Commonwealth and is now deposited in the State Library, is a folio + measuring eleven and one-half inches in length, seven and seven-eighths + inches in width and one and one-half inches in thickness. It is bound in + parchment, once white, but now grimy and much the worse for wear, being + somewhat cracked and considerably scaled. Much scribbling, evidently by + the Bradford family, is to be seen upon its surface, and out of the + confusion may be read the name of Mercy Bradford, a daughter of the + governor. On the inside of the front cover is pasted a sheet of manilla + paper, on which is written the following:— + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + "<i>Consistory Court of the Diocese of London</i> + </p> + <p> + In the matter of the application of The Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard, + Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span>in London of the United States + of America, for the delivery to him, on behalf of the President and + Citizens of the said States, of the original manuscript book entitled + and known as The Log of the Mayflower. + </p> + <p> + Produced in Court this 25th day of March, 1897, and marked with the + letter A. + </p> + <div style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; width:14em; border:0;"> + <div class="center"> + HARRY W. LEE + </div> + <div style="text-align: right;"> + Registrar. + </div> + <div style="text-align: left;"> + 1 Deans Court + </div> + <div class="center"> + Doctors Commons" + </div> + </div> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <p> + Then come two manilla leaves, on both sides of which is written the decree + of the Consistorial Court. These leaves and the manilla sheet pasted on + the inside of the front cover were evidently inserted after the decree was + passed. + </p> + <p> + Next comes a leaf (apparently the original first leaf of the book), and on + it are verses, signed "A. M.," on the death of Mrs. Bradford. The next is + evidently one of the leaves of the original book. At the top of the page + is written the following:— + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + This book was rit by govener William bradford and given to his son mager + William Bradford and by him to his son mager John Bradford. rit by me + Samuel bradford mach 20, 1705. + </p> + </div> + <p> + At the bottom of the same page the name John Bradford appears in different + handwriting, evidently written with the book turned wrong side up. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + The next is a leaf bearing the following, in the handwriting of Thomas + Prince:— + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="ltr_dt"> + <span class="smcap">Tuesday</span>, June 4—1728 + </p> + <p> + Calling at <i>Major John Bradford's</i> at Kingston near Plimouth, son + of Major Wm. Bradford formerly Dep Gov'r of Plimouth Colony, who was + eldest son of Wm. Bradford Esq their 2nd Gov'r, & author of this + History; ye sd Major John Bradford gave me <i>several manuscript + octavoes</i> wh he assured me were written with his said Grandfather + Gov'r Bradford's own hand. He also gave me a <i>little Pencil Book</i> + wrote with a Blew lead Pencil by his sd Father ye Dep Gov'r. And He also + told me yt He had lent & only lent his sd Grandfather Gov'r + Bradford's History of Plimouth Colony wrote by his own Hand also, to + judg Sewall; and desired me to get it of Him or find it out, & take + out of it what I thought proper for my New-England Chronology: wh I + accordingly obtained, and This is ye sd History: wh I found wrote in ye + same Handwriting as ye Octavo manuscripts above sd. + </p> + <p class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Thomas Prince</span>. + </p> + <p> + N.B. I also mentioned to him my Desire of lodging this History in ye New + England Library of Prints & manuscripts, wh I had been then + collecting for 23 years, to wh He signified his willingness—only + yt He might have the Perusal of it while He lived. + </p> + <p class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">T. Prince.</span> + </p> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <p> + Following this, on the same page, is Thomas Prince's printed book-mark, as + follows:— + </p> + <p class="center"> + This Book belongs to<br /> The New-England-Library,<br /> Begun to be + collected by Thomas Prince, upon<br /> his entring Harvard-College, July 6<br /> + 1703; and was given by + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + On the lower part of a blank space which follows the word "by" is written:— + </p> + <p> + <i>It now belongs to the Bishop of London's Library at Fulham.</i> + </p> + <p> + There are evidences that this leaf did not belong to the original book, + but was inserted by Mr. Prince. + </p> + <p> + At the top of the first page of the next leaf, which was evidently one of + the original leaves of the book, is written in Samuel Bradford's hand, + "march 20 Samuel Bradford;" and just below there appears, in Thomas + Prince's handwriting, the following:— + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + But major Bradford tells me & assures me that He only lent this Book + of his Grandfather's to Mr. Sewall & that it being of his + Grandfather's own hand writing He had so high a value of it that he + would never Part with ye Property, but would lend it to me & desired + me to get it, which I did, & write down this that sd Major Bradford + and his Heirs may be known to be the right owners. + </p> + </div> + <p> + Below this, also in Thomas Prince's handwriting, appears this line:— + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + "Page 243 missing when ye Book came into my Hands at 1st." + </p> + </div> + <p> + Just above the inscription by Prince there is a line or two of writing, + marked over in ink so carefully as to be wholly undecipherable. On the + reverse page of this leaf and on the first page of the next are written + Hebrew words, with definitions. These are all in Governor <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span>Bradford's + handwriting. On the next page appears the following:— + </p> + <p class="center"> + <i>Though I am growne aged, yet I have had a long-<br /> ing + desire, to see with my own eyes, something of<br /> that most + ancient language, and holy tongue,<br /> in which + the Law, and oracles of God were<br /> write; and + in which God, and angels, spake to<br /> the holy patriarks, of old time; + and what<br /> names were given to things, from the<br /> + creation. And though I cañot attaine<br /> to much herein, yet I am + refreshed,<br /> to have seen some glimpse here-<br /> of; (as + Moses saw the Land<br /> of canan afarr of) my aime<br /> + and desire is, to see how<br /> the words, and phrases<br /> lye in + the holy texte;<br /> and to dicerne some-<br /> what of the + same<br /> for my owne<br /> contente.</i><br /> ———<br /> + ——<br /> —<br /> J<br /> + </p> + <p> + Then begins the history proper, the first page of which is produced in + facsimile in this volume, slightly reduced. The ruled margins end with + page thirteen. From that page to the end of the book the writing varies + considerably, sometimes being quite coarse and in other places very fine, + some pages containing nearly a thousand words each. As a rule, the writing + is upon one side of the sheet only, but in entering notes and subsequent + thoughts the reverse is sometimes used. The last page number is 270, as + appears from the facsimile reproduction in this volume of that page. Page + 270 is followed by two blank leaves; then on <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span>the second page of the next + leaf appears the list of names of those who came over in the "Mayflower," + covering four pages and one column on the fifth page. The arrangement of + this matter is shown by the facsimile reproduction in this volume of the + first page of these names. Last of all there is a leaf of heavy double + paper, like the one in the front of the book containing the verses on the + death of Mrs. Bradford, and on this last leaf is written an index to a few + portions of the history. + </p> + <p> + For copy, there was used the edition printed in 1856 by the Massachusetts + Historical Society. The proof was carefully compared, word for word, with + the photographic <i>facsimile</i> issued in 1896 in both London and + Boston. The value of this comparison is evident in that a total of sixteen + lines of the original, omitted in the original first copy, is supplied in + this edition. As the work of the Historical Society could not be compared, + easily, with the original manuscript in London, these omissions, with + sundry minor errors in word and numeral, are not unreasonable. The curious + will be pleased to learn that the supplied lines are from the following + pages of the manuscript, viz.: page 122, eight lines; page 129, two lines; + the obverse of page 201, found on the last page of Appendix A, two lines; + page 219, two <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span>lines; + pages 239 and 258, one line each. The pages of the manuscript are + indicated in these printed pages by numerals in parentheses. + </p> + <p> + There are several errors in the paging of the original manuscript. Pages + 105 and 106 are marked 145 and 146, and pages 219 and 220 are marked 119 + and 120, respectively. Page 243 is missing. + </p> + <p> + Such as it is, the book is put forth that the public may know what manner + of men the Pilgrims were, through what perils and vicissitudes they + passed, and how much we of to-day owe to their devotion and determination. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xi" id="Page_xi">[xi]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="PROCEEDINGS" id="PROCEEDINGS"></a>PROCEEDINGS<br /> OF THE<br /> + LEGISLATURE. + </h2> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiii" id="Page_xiii">[xiii]</a></span> + </p> + <h3> + <a name="JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE" id="JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE"></a>JOURNAL OF + THE SENATE. + </h3> + <p class="center"> + MONDAY, MAY 24, 1897. + </p> + <p> + The following message from His Excellency the Governor came up from the + House, to wit:— + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="ltr_dt"> + <span class="smcap">Boston</span>, May 22, 1897. + </p> + <p> + <i>To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives.</i> + </p> + <p> + I have the honor to call to your attention the fact that Wednesday, May + 26, at 11 <span class="smcap">a.m.</span>, has been fixed as the date of + the formal presentation to the Governor of the Commonwealth of the + Bradford Manuscript History, recently ordered by decree of the + Consistory Court of the Diocese of London to be returned to the + Commonwealth of Massachusetts by the hands of the Honorable Thomas F. + Bayard, lately Ambassador at the Court of St. James; and to suggest for + the favorable consideration of your honorable bodies that the exercises + of presentation be held in the House of Representatives on the day and + hour above given, in the presence of a joint convention of the two + bodies and of invited guests and the public. + </p> + <p class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Roger Wolcott.</span> + </p> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <p> + Thereupon, on motion of Mr. Roe,— + </p> + <p> + <i>Ordered</i>, That, in accordance with the suggestion of His Excellency + the Governor, a joint convention of the two branches be held in the + chamber of the House <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xiv" id="Page_xiv">[xiv]</a></span>of + Representatives, on Wednesday, May the twenty-sixth, at eleven o'clock + <span class="smcap">a.m.</span>, for the purpose of witnessing the + exercises of the formal presentation, to the Governor of the Commonwealth, + of the Bradford Manuscript History, recently ordered by decree of the + Consistory Court of the Diocese of London to be returned to the + Commonwealth of Massachusetts by the hands of the Honorable Thomas F. + Bayard, lately Ambassador at the Court of St. James; and further + </p> + <p> + <i>Ordered</i>, That the clerks of the two branches give notice to His + Excellency the Governor of the adoption of this order. + </p> + <p> + Sent down for concurrence. (It was concurred with same date.) + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xv" id="Page_xv">[xv]</a></span> + </p> + <h3> + <a name="JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE_1" id="JOURNAL_OF_THE_SENATE_1"></a>JOURNAL + OF THE SENATE. + </h3> + <p class="center"> + WEDNESDAY, MAY 26, 1897. + </p> + <p class="center"> + <i>Joint Convention.</i> + </p> + <p> + At eleven o'clock <span class="smcap">a.m.</span>, pursuant to assignment, + the two branches met in + </p> + <p class="center"> + <span class="smcap">Convention</span> + </p> + <p> + in the chamber of the House of Representatives. + </p> + <p> + On motion of Mr. Roe,— + </p> + <p> + <i>Ordered</i>, That a committee, to consist of three members of the + Senate and eight members of the House of Representatives, be appointed, to + wait upon His Excellency the Governor and inform him that the two branches + are now in convention for the purpose of witnessing the exercises of the + formal presentation, to the Governor of the Commonwealth, of the Bradford + Manuscript History. + </p> + <p> + Messrs. Roe, Woodward and Gallivan, of the Senate, and Messrs. Pierce of + Milton, Bailey of Plymouth, Brown of Gloucester, Fairbank of Warren, + Bailey of Newbury, Sanderson of Lynn, Whittlesey of Pittsfield <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvi" id="Page_xvi">[xvi]</a></span>and + Bartlett of Boston, of the House, were appointed the committee. + </p> + <p> + Mr. Roe, from the committee, afterwards reported that they had attended to + the duty assigned them, and that His Excellency the Governor had been + pleased to say that he received the message and should be pleased to wait + upon the Convention forthwith for the purpose named. + </p> + <p> + His Excellency the Governor, accompanied by His Honor the + Lieutenant-Governor and the Honorable Council, and by the Honorable Thomas + F. Bayard, lately Ambassador of the United States at the Court of St. + James's, the Honorable George F. Hoar, Senator from Massachusetts in the + Congress of the United States, and other invited guests, entered the + chamber. + </p> + <p> + The decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, authorizing + the return of the manuscript and its delivery to the Governor, was read. + </p> + <p> + The President then presented the Honorable George F. Hoar, who gave an + account of the manuscript and of the many efforts that had been made to + secure its return. + </p> + <p> + The Honorable Thomas F. Bayard was then introduced by the President, and + he formally presented the manuscript to His Excellency the Governor, who + accepted it in behalf of the Commonwealth. + </p> + <p> + On motion of Mr. Bradford, the following order was adopted:— + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xvii" id="Page_xvii">[xvii]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + <i>Whereas</i>, In the presence of the Senate and of the House of + Representatives in joint convention assembled, and in accordance with a + decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, the manuscript + of Bradford's "History of the Plimouth Plantation" has this day been + delivered to His Excellency the Governor of the Commonwealth by the + Honorable Thomas F. Bayard, lately Ambassador of the United States at the + Court of St. James's; and + </p> + <p> + <i>Whereas</i>, His Excellency the Governor has accepted the said + manuscript in behalf of the Commonwealth; therefore, be it + </p> + <p> + <i>Ordered</i>, That the Senate and the House of Representatives of the + Commonwealth of Massachusetts place on record their high appreciation of + the generous and gracious courtesy that prompted this act of international + good-will, and express their grateful thanks to all concerned therein, and + especially to the Lord Bishop of London, for the return to the + Commonwealth of this precious relic; and be it further + </p> + <p> + <i>Ordered</i>, That His Excellency the Governor be requested to transmit + an engrossed and duly authenticated copy of this order with its preamble + to the Lord Bishop of London. + </p> + <p> + His Excellency, accompanied by the other dignitaries, then withdrew, the + Convention was dissolved, and the Senate returned to its chamber. + </p> + <p> + Subsequently a resolve was passed (approved June <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_xviii" id="Page_xviii">[xviii]</a></span>10, 1897) providing + for the publication of the history from the original manuscript, together + with a report of the proceedings of the joint convention, such report to + be prepared by a committee consisting of one member of the Senate and two + members of the House of Representatives, and to include, so far as + practicable, portraits of His Excellency Governor Roger Wolcott, William + Bradford, the Honorable George F. Hoar, the Honorable Thomas F. Bayard, + the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Lord Bishop of London; facsimiles of + pages from the manuscript history, and a picture of the book itself; + copies of the decree of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, + the receipt of the Honorable Thomas F. Bayard for the manuscript, and the + receipt sent by His Excellency the Governor to the Consistorial and + Episcopal Court; an account of the legislative action taken with reference + to the presentation and reception of the manuscript; the addresses of the + Honorable George F. Hoar, the Honorable Thomas F. Bayard and His + Excellency Governor Roger Wolcott; and such other papers and illustrations + as the committee might deem advisable; the whole to be printed under the + direction of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, and the book distributed + by him according to directions contained in the resolve. + </p> + <p> + Senator Alfred S. Roe of Worcester and Representatives Francis C. Lowell + of Boston and Walter L. Bouvé of Hingham were appointed as the + committee. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xix" id="Page_xix">[xix]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="DECREE" id="DECREE"></a>DECREE<br /> OF THE<br /> <span + class="smcap">Consistorial and Episcopal</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Court + of London.</span> + </h2> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxi" id="Page_xxi">[xxi]</a></span> + </p> + <h3> + DECREE. + </h3> + <p> + MANDELL by Divine Permission LORD BISHOP OF LONDON—To The Honorable + <span class="smcap">Thomas Francis Bayard</span> Ambassador Extraordinary + and Plenipotentiary to Her Most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria at the + Court of Saint James's in London and To The Governor and Commonwealth of + Massachusetts in the United States of America Greeting—WHEREAS a + Petition has been filed in the Registry of Our Consistorial and Episcopal + Court of London by you the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard as + Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Her Most Gracious Majesty + Queen Victoria at the Court of Saint James's in London on behalf of the + President and Citizens of the United States of America wherein you have + alleged that there is in Our Custody as Lord Bishop of London a certain + Manuscript Book known as and entitled "The Log of the Mayflower" + containing an account as narrated by Captain William Bradford who was one + of the Company of Englishmen who left England in April 1620 in the ship + known as "The Mayflower" of the circumstances leading to the prior + Settlement of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxii" id="Page_xxii">[xxii]</a></span>that + Company at Leyden in Holland their return to England and subsequent + departure for New England their landing at Cape Cod in December 1620 their + Settlement at New Plymouth and their later history for several years they + being the Company whose Settlement in America is regarded as the first + real Colonisation of the New England States and wherein you have also + alleged that the said Manuscript Book had been for many years past and was + then deposited in the Library attached to Our Episcopal Palace at Fulham + in the County of Middlesex and is of the greatest interest importance and + value to the Citizens of the United States of America inasmuch as it is + one of the earliest records of their national History and contains much + valuable information in regard to the original Settlers in the States + their family history and antecedents and that therefore you earnestly + desired to acquire possession of the same for and on behalf of the + President and Citizens of the said United States of America AND WHEREIN + you have also alleged that you are informed that We as Lord Bishop of + London had fully recognised the value and interest of the said Manuscript + Book to the Citizens of the United States of America and the claims which + they have to its possession and that We were desirous of transferring it + to the said President and Citizens AND WHEREIN you have also alleged that + you are advised and believe that the Custody of documents in <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxiii" id="Page_xxiii">[xxiii]</a></span>the + nature of public or ecclesiastical records belonging to the See of London + is vested in the Consistorial Court of the said See and that any disposal + thereof must be authorised by an Order issued by the Judge of that + Honorable Court And that you therefore humbly prayed that the said + Honorable Court would deliver to you the said Manuscript Book on your + undertaking to use every means in your power for the safe transmission of + the said Book to the United States of America and its secure deposit and + custody in the Pilgrim Hall at New Plymouth or in such other place as may + be selected by the President and Senate of the said United States and upon + such conditions as to security and access by and on behalf of the English + Nation as that Honorable Court might determine AND WHEREAS the said + Petition was set down for hearing on one of the Court days in Hilary Term + to wit Thursday the Twenty fifth day of March One thousand eight hundred + and ninety seven in Our Consistorial Court in the Cathedral Church of + Saint Paul in London before The Right Worshipful Thomas Hutchinson + Tristram Doctor of Laws and one of Her Majesty's Counsel learned in the + Law Our Vicar General and Official Principal the Judge of the said Court + and you at the sitting of the said Court appeared by Counsel in support of + the Prayer of the said Petition and during the hearing thereof the said + Manuscript Book was produced in the said Court by Our legal <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxiv" id="Page_xxiv">[xxiv]</a></span>Secretary + and was then inspected and examined by the said Judge and evidence was + also given before the Court by which it appeared that the Registry at + Fulham Palace was a Public Registry for Historical and Ecclesiastical + Documents relating to the Diocese of London and to the Colonial and other + possessions of Great Britain beyond the Seas so long as the same remained + by custom within the said Diocese AND WHEREAS it appeared on the face of + the said Manuscript Book that the whole of the body thereof with the + exception of part of the last page thereof was in the handwriting of the + said William Bradford who was elected Governor of New Plymouth in April + 1621 and continued Governor thereof from that date excepting between the + years 1635 and 1637 up to 1650 and that the last five pages of the said + Manuscript which is in the handwriting of the said William Bradford + contain what in Law is an authentic Register between 1620 and 1650 of the + fact of the Marriages of the Founders of the Colony of New England with + the names of their respective wives and the names of their Children the + lawful issue of such Marriages and of the fact of the Marriages of many of + their Children and Grandchildren and of the names of the issue of such + marriages and of the deaths of many of the persons named therein And after + hearing Counsel in support of the said application the Judge being of + opinion that the said Manuscript <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxv" + id="Page_xxv">[xxv]</a></span>Book had been upon the evidence before the + Court presumably deposited at Fulham Palace sometime between the year 1729 + and the year 1785 during which time the said Colony was by custom within + the Diocese of London for purposes Ecclesiastical and the Registry of the + said Consistorial Court was a legitimate Registry for the Custody of + Registers of Marriages Births and Deaths within the said Colony and that + the Registry at Fulham Palace was a Registry for Historical and other + Documents connected with the Colonies and possessions of Great Britain + beyond the Seas so long as the same remained by custom within the Diocese + of London and that on the Declaration of the Independence of the United + States of America in 1776 the said Colony had ceased to be within the + Diocese of London and the Registry of the Court had ceased to be a public + registry for the said Colony and having maturely deliberated on the Cases + precedents and practice of the Ecclesiastical Court bearing on the + application before him and having regard to the Special Circumstances of + the Case Decreed as follows—(1) That a Photographic facsimile + reproduction of the said Manuscript Book verified by affidavit as being a + true and correct Photographic reproduction of the said Manuscript Book be + deposited in the Registry of Our said Court by or on behalf of the + Petitioner before the delivery to the Petitioner of the said original + Manuscript Book as hereinafter <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxvi" + id="Page_xxvi">[xxvi]</a></span>ordered—(2) That the said Manuscript + Book be delivered over to the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard by the + Lord Bishop of London or in his Lordship's absence by the Registrar of the + said Court on his giving his undertaking in writing that he will with all + due care and diligence on his arrival from England in the United States + convey and deliver in person the said Manuscript Book to the Governor of + the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States of America at his + Official Office in the State House in the City of Boston and that from the + time of the delivery of the said Book to him by the said Lord Bishop of + London or by the said Registrar until he shall have delivered the same to + the Governor of Massachusetts he will retain the same in his own Personal + custody—(3) That the said Book be deposited by the Petitioner with + the Governor of Massachusetts for the purpose of the same being with all + convenient speed finally deposited either in the State Archives of the + Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the City of Boston or in the Library of + the Historical Society of the said Commonwealth in the City of Boston as + the Governor shall determine—(4) That the Governors of the said + Commonwealth for all time to come be officially responsible for the safe + custody of the said Manuscript Book whether the same be deposited in the + State Archives at Boston or in the Historical Library in Boston aforesaid + as well as for <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxvii" id="Page_xxvii">[xxvii]</a></span>the + performance of the following conditions subject to a compliance wherewith + the said Manuscript Book is hereby decreed to be deposited in the Custody + of the aforesaid Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and his + Successors to wit:—(a) That all persons have such access to the said + Manuscript Book as to the Governor of the said Commonwealth for the time + being shall appear to be reasonable and with such safeguard as he shall + order—(b) That all persons desirous of searching the said Manuscript + Book for the bona fide purpose of establishing or tracing a Pedigree + through persons named in the last five pages thereof or in any other part + thereof shall be permitted to search the same under such safeguards as the + Governor for the time being shall determine on payment of a fee to be + fixed by the Governor—(c) That any person applying to the Official + having the immediate custody of the said Manuscript Book for a Certified + Copy of any entry contained in proof of Marriage Birth or Death of persons + named therein or of any other matter of like purport for the purpose of + tracing descents shall be furnished with such certificate on the payment + of a sum not exceeding one Dollar—(d) That with all convenient speed + after the delivery of the said Manuscript Book to the Governor of the + Commonwealth of Massachusetts the Governor shall transmit to the Registrar + of the Court a Certificate of the delivery of the same to him by <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxviii" id="Page_xxviii">[xxviii]</a></span>the + Petitioner and that he accepts the Custody of the same subject to the + terms and conditions herein named AND the Judge lastly decreed that the + Petitioner on delivering the said Manuscript Book to the Governor + aforesaid shall at the same time deliver to him this Our Decree Sealed + with the Seal of the Court WHEREFORE WE the Bishop of London aforesaid + well weighing and considering the premises DO by virtue of Our Authority + Ordinary and Episcopal and as far as in Us lies and by Law We may or can + ratify and confirm such Decree of Our Vicar General and Official Principal + of Our Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London IN TESTIMONY whereof We + have caused the Seal of Our said Vicar General and Official Principal of + the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London which We use in this behalf + to be affixed to these Presents DATED AT LONDON this Twelfth day of April + One thousand eight hundred and ninety seven and in the first year of Our + Translation. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Harry W. Lee</span> + </div> + <div class="left"> + Exd. H.E.T. + </div> + <div class="right"> + Registrar + </div> + <p class="center"> + (L.S.) + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxix" id="Page_xxix">[xxix]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="RECEIPT_BAY" id="RECEIPT_BAY"></a>RECEIPT<br /> OF<br /> <span + class="smcap">Ambassador BAYARD.</span> + </h2> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxi" id="Page_xxxi">[xxxi]</a></span> + </p> + <h3> + RECEIPT OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD. + </h3> + <p> + <i>In the Consistory Court of London</i> + </p> + <p class="blockquot"> + <span class="smcap">In the Matter of the Original Manuscript of the Book + entitled and known as "The Log of the Mayflower."</span> + </p> + <p> + I <span class="smcap">the Honourable</span> THOMAS FRANCIS BAYARD lately + Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the United States of + America at the Court of Saint James's London Do hereby undertake, in + compliance with the Order of this Honourable Court dated the twelfth day + of April 1897 and made on my Petition filed in the said Honourable Court, + that I will with all due care and diligence on my arrival from England in + the United States of America safely convey over the Original Manuscript + Book Known as and entitled "The Log of the Mayflower" which has been this + twenty ninth day of April 1897 delivered over to me by the Lord Bishop of + London, to the City of Boston in the United States of America and on my + arrival in the said City deliver the same over in person to the Governor + of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts at his Official Office in the State + House in the said City of Boston AND I further hereby undertake from the + time of the said <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxii" id="Page_xxxii">[xxxii]</a></span>delivery + of the said Book to me by the said Lord Bishop of London until I shall + have delivered the same to the Governor of Massachusetts, to retain the + same in my own personal custody. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + (Signed) <span class="smcap">T. F. Bayard</span> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + 29 April 1897 + </div> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxiii" id="Page_xxxiii">[xxxiii]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="RECEIPT_WOL" id="RECEIPT_WOL"></a>RECEIPT<br /> of<br /> <span + class="smcap">His Excellency ROGER WOLCOTT.</span> + </h2> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxv" id="Page_xxxv">[xxxv]</a></span> + </p> + <h3> + RECEIPT OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT. + </h3> + <p class="center"> + His Excellency <span class="smcap">Roger Wolcott</span>, <i>Governor of + the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in the United States of America</i>. + </p> + <p class="center"> + <i>To the Registrar of the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London.</i> + </p> + <p> + <i>Whereas</i>, The said Honorable Court, by its decree dated the twelfth + day of April, 1897, and made on the petition of the Honorable Thomas + Francis Bayard, lately Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the + United States of America at the Court of Saint James in London, did order + that a certain original manuscript book then in the custody of the Lord + Bishop of London, known as and entitled "The Log of the Mayflower," and + more specifically described in said decree, should be delivered over to + the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard by the Lord Bishop of London, on + certain conditions specified in said decree, to be delivered by the said + Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard in person to the Governor of the + Commonwealth of Massachusetts, thereafter to be kept in the custody of the + aforesaid Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and his + successors, subject to a compliance with certain conditions, as set forth + in said decree; + </p> + <p> + <i>And Whereas</i>, The said Honorable Court by its decree aforesaid did + further order that, with all convenient speed after the delivery of the + said manuscript book to the Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxvi" id="Page_xxxvi">[xxxvi]</a></span>the + Governor should transmit to the Registrar of the said Honorable Court a + certificate of the delivery of the same to him by the said Honorable + Thomas Francis Bayard, and his acceptance of the custody of the same, + subject to the terms and conditions named in the decree aforesaid; + </p> + <p> + <i>Now, Therefore</i>, In compliance with the decree aforesaid I do hereby + certify that on the twenty-sixth day of May, 1897, the said Honorable + Thomas Francis Bayard delivered in person to me, at my official office in + the State House in the city of Boston, in the Commonwealth of + Massachusetts, in the United States of America, a certain manuscript book + which the said Honorable Thomas Francis Bayard then and there declared to + be the original manuscript book known as and entitled "The Log of the + Mayflower," which is more specifically described in the decree aforesaid; + and I do further certify that I hereby accept the custody of the same, + subject to the terms and conditions named in the decree aforesaid. + </p> + <p> + <i>In witness whereof</i>, I have hereunto signed my name and caused the + seal of the Commonwealth to be affixed, at the Capitol in Boston, this + twelfth day of July in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and + ninety-seven. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Roger Wolcott.</span> + </div> + <div style="margin-left: 3em;"> + By His Excellency the Governor, + </div> + <div style="margin-left: 6em;"> + <span class="smcap">Wm. M. Olin</span>, + </div> + <div style="text-align:right;"> + <i>Secretary of the Commonwealth.</i> + </div> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxvii" id="Page_xxxvii">[xxxvii]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="ADDRESS_HOAR" id="ADDRESS_HOAR"></a>ADDRESS<br /> OF THE<br /> + <span class="smcap">Hon. GEORGE F. HOAR.</span> + </h2> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxviii" id="Page_xxxviii">[xxxviii]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> + <img src="images/fig01.jpg" width="500" height="635" alt="" title="" /> + </div> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xxxix" id="Page_xxxix">[xxxix]</a></span> + </p> + <h3> + ADDRESS OF SENATOR HOAR. + </h3> + <p> + The first American Ambassador to Great Britain, at the end of his official + service, comes to Massachusetts on an interesting errand. He comes to + deliver to the lineal successor of Governor Bradford, in the presence of + the representatives and rulers of the body politic formed by the compact + on board the "Mayflower," Nov. 11, 1620, the only authentic history of the + founding of their Commonwealth; the only authentic history of what we have + a right to consider the most important political transaction that has ever + taken place on the face of the earth. + </p> + <p> + Mr. Bayard has sought to represent to the mother country, not so much the + diplomacy as the good-will of the American people. If in this anybody be + tempted to judge him severely, let us remember what his great predecessor, + John Adams, the first minister at the same court, representing more than + any other man, embodying more than any other man, the spirit of + Massachusetts, said to George III., on the first day of June, 1785, after + the close of our long and bitter struggle for independence: "I shall + esteem myself the happiest of men if I can be instrumental <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xl" id="Page_xl">[xl]</a></span>in restoring + an entire esteem, confidence and affection, or, in better words, the old + good-nature and the old good-humor between people who, though separated by + an ocean and under different governments, have the same language, a + similar religion and kindred blood." + </p> + <p> + And let us remember, too, the answer of the old monarch, who, with all his + faults, must have had something of a noble and royal nature stirring in + his bosom, when he replied: "Let the circumstances of language, religion + and blood have their natural and full effect." + </p> + <p> + It has long been well known that Governor Bradford wrote and left behind + him a history of the settlement of Plymouth. It was quoted by early + chroniclers. There are extracts from it in the records at Plymouth. Thomas + Prince used it when he compiled his annals. Hubbard depended on it when he + wrote his "History of New England." Cotton Mather had read it, or a copy + of a portion of it, when he wrote his "Magnalia." Governor Hutchinson had + it when he published the second volume of his history in 1767. From that + time it disappeared from the knowledge of everybody on this side of the + water. All our historians speak of it as lost, and can only guess what had + been its fate. Some persons suspected that it was destroyed when Governor + Hutchinson's house was sacked in 1765, others that it was <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xli" id="Page_xli">[xli]</a></span>carried + off by some officer or soldier when Boston was evacuated by the British + army in 1776. + </p> + <p> + In 1844 Samuel Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, afterward Bishop of + Winchester, one of the brightest of men, published one of the dullest and + stupidest of books. It is entitled "The History of the Protestant + Episcopal Church in America." It contained extracts from manuscripts which + he said he had discovered in the library of the Bishop of London at + Fulham. The book attracted no attention here until, about twelve years + later, in 1855, John Wingate Thornton, whom many of us remember as an + accomplished antiquary and a delightful gentleman, happened to pick up a + copy of it while he was lounging in Burnham's book store. He read the + bishop's quotations, and carried the book to his office, where he left it + for his friend, Mr. Barry, who was then writing his "History of + Massachusetts," with passages marked, and with a note which is not + preserved, but which, according to his memory, suggested that the passages + must have come from Bradford's long-lost history. That is the claim for + Mr. Thornton. On the other hand, it is claimed by Mr. Barry that there was + nothing of that kind expressed in Mr. Thornton's note, but in reading the + book when he got it an hour or so later, the thought struck him for the + first time that the clew had been found to the precious book which had + been lost so long. He at once repaired to Charles <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_xlii" id="Page_xlii">[xlii]</a></span>Deane, then and ever + since, down to his death, as President Eliot felicitously styled him, "the + master of historical investigators in this country." Mr. Deane saw the + importance of the discovery. He communicated at once with Joseph Hunter, + an eminent English scholar. Hunter was high authority on all matters + connected with the settlement of New England. He visited the palace at + Fulham, and established beyond question the identity of the manuscript + with Governor Bradford's history, an original letter of Governor Bradford + having been sent over for comparison of handwriting. + </p> + <p> + How the manuscript got to Fulham nobody knows. Whether it was carried over + by Governor Hutchinson in 1774; whether it was taken as spoil from the + tower of the Old South Church in 1775; whether, with other manuscripts, it + was sent to Fulham at the time of the attempts of the Episcopal churches + in America, just before the revolution, to establish an episcopate here,—nobody + knows. It would seem that Hutchinson would have sent it to the colonial + office; that an officer would naturally have sent it to the war office; + and a private would have sent it to the war office, unless he had carried + it off as mere private booty and plunder,—in which case it would + have been unlikely that it would have reached a public place of custody. + But we find it in the possession of the church and of the church official + having, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xliii" id="Page_xliii">[xliii]</a></span>until + independence was declared, special jurisdiction over Episcopal interests + in Massachusetts and Plymouth. This may seem to point to a transfer for + some ecclesiastical purpose. + </p> + <p> + The bishop's chancellor conjectures that it was sent to Fulham because of + the record annexed to it of the early births, marriages and deaths, such + records being in England always in ecclesiastical custody. But this is + merely conjecture. + </p> + <p> + I know of no incident like this in history, unless it be the discovery in + a chest in the castle of Edinburgh, where they had been lost for one + hundred and eleven years, of the ancient regalia of Scotland,—the + crown of Bruce, the sceptre and sword of state. The lovers of Walter + Scott, who was one of the commissioners who made the search, remember his + intense emotion, as described by his daughter, when the lid was removed. + Her feelings were worked up to such a pitch that she nearly fainted, and + drew back from the circle. + </p> + <p> + As she was retiring she was startled by his voice exclaiming, in a tone of + the deepest emotion, "something between anger and despair," as she + expressed it: "By God, no!" One of the commissioners, not quite entering + into the solemnity with which Scott regarded this business, had, it seems, + made a sort of motion as if he meant to put the crown on the head of one + of the young ladies near him, but the <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_xliv" id="Page_xliv">[xliv]</a></span>voice and the aspect of + the poet were more than sufficient to make this worthy gentleman + understand his error; and, respecting the enthusiasm with which he had not + been taught to sympathize, he laid down the ancient diadem with an air of + painful embarrassment. Scott whispered, "Pray forgive me," and turning + round at the moment observed his daughter deadly pale and leaning by the + door. He immediately drew her out of the room, and when she had somewhat + recovered in the fresh air, walked with her across Mound to Castle Street. + "He never spoke all the way home," she says, "but every now and then I + felt his arm tremble, and from that time I fancied he began to treat me + more like a woman than a child. I thought he liked me better, too, than he + had ever done before." + </p> + <p> + There have been several attempts to procure the return of the manuscript + to this country. Mr. Winthrop, in 1860, through the venerable John + Sinclair, archdeacon, urged the Bishop of London to give it up, and + proposed that the Prince of Wales, then just coming to this country, + should take it across the Atlantic and present it to the people of + Massachusetts. The Attorney-General, Sir Fitzroy Kelley, approved the + plan, and said it would be an exceptional act of grace, a most interesting + action, and that he heartily wished the success of the application. But + the bishop refused. Again, in 1869, John Lothrop <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_xlv" id="Page_xlv">[xlv]</a></span>Motley, then minister to + England, who had a great and deserved influence there, repeated the + proposition, at the suggestion of that most accomplished scholar, Justin + Winsor. But his appeal had the same fate. The bishop gave no + encouragement, and said, as had been said nine years before, that the + property could not be alienated without an act of Parliament. Mr. Winsor + planned to repeat the attempt on his visit to England in 1877. When he was + at Fulham the bishop was absent, and he was obliged to come home without + seeing him in person. + </p> + <p> + In 1881, at the time of the death of President Garfield, Benjamin Scott, + chamberlain of London, proposed again in the newspapers that the + restitution should be made. But nothing came of it. + </p> + <p> + Dec. 21, 1895, I delivered an address at Plymouth, on the occasion of the + two hundred and seventy-fifth anniversary of the landing of the Pilgrims + upon the rock. In preparing for that duty, I read again, with renewed + enthusiasm and delight, the noble and touching story, as told by Governor + Bradford. I felt that this precious history of the Pilgrims ought to be in + no other custody than that of their children. But the case seemed + hopeless. I found myself compelled by a serious physical infirmity to take + a vacation, and to get a rest from public cares and duties, which was + impossible while I stayed at home. When I went abroad I determined to + visit the locality, on the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_xlvi" + id="Page_xlvi">[xlvi]</a></span>borders of Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, + from which Bradford and Brewster and Robinson, the three leaders of the + Pilgrims, came, and where their first church was formed, and the places in + Amsterdam and Leyden where the emigrants spent thirteen years. But I + longed especially to see the manuscript of Bradford at Fulham, which then + seemed to me, as it now seems to me, the most precious manuscript on + earth, unless we could recover one of the four gospels as it came in the + beginning from the pen of the Evangelist. + </p> + <p> + The desire to get it back grew and grew during the voyage across the + Atlantic. I did not know how such a proposition would be received in + England. A few days after I landed I made a call upon John Morley. I asked + him whether he thought the thing could be done. He inquired carefully into + the story, took down from his shelf the excellent though brief life of + Bradford in Leslie Stephen's "Biographical Dictionary," and told me he + thought the book ought to come back to us, and that he should be glad to + do anything in his power to help. It was my fortune, a week or two after, + to sit next to Mr. Bayard at a dinner given to Mr. Collins by the American + consuls in Great Britain. I took occasion to tell him the story, and he + gave me the assurance, which he has since so abundantly and successfully + fulfilled, of his powerful aid. I was <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_xlvii" id="Page_xlvii">[xlvii]</a></span>compelled, by the + health of one of the party with whom I was travelling, to go to the + continent almost immediately, and was disappointed in the hope of an early + return to England. So the matter was delayed until about a week before I + sailed for home, when I went to Fulham, in the hope at least of seeing the + manuscript. I had supposed that it was a quasi-public library, open to + general visitors. But I found the bishop was absent. I asked for the + librarian, but there was no such officer, and I was told very politely + that the library was not open to the public, and was treated in all + respects as that of a private gentleman. So I gave up any hope of doing + anything in person. But I happened, the Friday before I sailed for home, + to dine with an English friend who had been exceedingly kind to me. As he + took leave of me, about eleven o'clock in the evening, he asked me if + there was anything more he could do for me. I said, "No, unless you happen + to know the Lord Bishop of London. I should like to get a sight at the + manuscript of Bradford's history before I go home." He said, "I do not + know the bishop myself, but Mr. Grenfell, at whose house you spent a few + days in the early summer, married the bishop's niece, and will gladly give + you an introduction to his uncle. He is in Scotland. But I will write to + him before I go to bed." + </p> + <p> + Sunday morning brought me a cordial letter from <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_xlviii" id="Page_xlviii">[xlviii]</a></span>Mr. Grenfell, + introducing me to the bishop. I wrote a note to his lordship, saying I + should be glad to have an opportunity to see Bradford's history; that I + was to sail for the United States the next Wednesday, but would be pleased + to call at Fulham Tuesday, if that were agreeable to him. + </p> + <p> + I got a note in reply, in which he said if I would call on Tuesday he + would be happy to show me "The Log of the Mayflower," which is the title + the English, without the slightest reason in the world, give the + manuscript. I kept the appointment, and found the bishop with the book in + his hand. He received me with great courtesy, showed me the palace, and + said that that spot had been occupied by a bishop's palace for more than a + thousand years. + </p> + <p> + After looking at the volume and reading the records on the flyleaf, I + said: "My lord, I am going to say something which you may think rather + audacious. I think this book ought to go back to Massachusetts. Nobody + knows how it got over here. Some people think it was carried off by + Governor Hutchinson, the Tory governor; other people think it was carried + off by British soldiers when Boston was evacuated; but in either case the + property would not have changed. Or, if you treat it as a booty, in which + last case, I suppose, by the law of nations ordinary property does change, + no civilized nation in modern times <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_xlix" id="Page_xlix">[xlix]</a></span>applies that principle to + the property of libraries and institutions of learning." + </p> + <p> + "Well," said the bishop, "I did not know you cared anything about it." + </p> + <p> + "Why," said I, "if there were in existence in England a history of King + Alfred's reign for thirty years, written by his own hand, it would not be + more precious in the eyes of Englishmen than this manuscript is to us." + </p> + <p> + "Well," said he, "I think myself it ought to go back, and if it had + depended on me it would have gone back before this. But the Americans who + have been here—many of them have been commercial people—did + not seem to care much about it except as a curiosity. I suppose I ought + not to give it up on my own authority. It belongs to me in my official + capacity, and not as private or personal property. I think I ought to + consult the Archbishop of Canterbury. And, indeed," he added, "I think I + ought to speak to the Queen about it. We should not do such a thing behind + Her Majesty's back." + </p> + <p> + I said: "Very well. When I go home I will have a proper application made + from some of our literary societies, and ask you to give it + consideration." + </p> + <p> + I saw Mr. Bayard again, and told him the story. He was at the train when I + left London for the steamer at Southampton. He entered with great interest + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_l" id="Page_l">[l]</a></span>into the + matter, and told me again he would gladly do anything in his power to + forward it. + </p> + <p> + When I got home I communicated with Secretary Olney about it, who took a + kindly interest in the matter, and wrote to Mr. Bayard that the + administration desired he should do everything in his power to promote the + application. The matter was then brought to the attention of the council + of the American Antiquarian Society, the Massachusetts Historical Society, + the Pilgrim Society of Plymouth and the New England Society of New York. + These bodies appointed committees to unite in the application. Governor + Wolcott was also consulted, who gave his hearty approbation to the + movement, and a letter was dispatched through Mr. Bayard. + </p> + <p> + Meantime Bishop Temple, with whom I had my conversation, had himself + become Archbishop of Canterbury, and in that capacity Primate of all + England. His successor, Rev. Dr. Creighton, had been the delegate of John + Harvard's College to the great celebration at Harvard University on the + two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of its foundation, in 1886. He had + received the degree of doctor of laws from the university, had been a + guest of President Eliot, and had received President Eliot as his guest in + England. + </p> + <p> + He is an accomplished historical scholar, and very friendly in sentiment + to the people of the United <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_li" + id="Page_li">[li]</a></span>States. So, by great fortune, the two eminent + ecclesiastical personages who were to have a powerful influence in the + matter were likely to be exceedingly well disposed. Dr. Benjamin A. Gould, + the famous mathematician, was appointed one of the committee of the + American Antiquarian Society. He died suddenly, just after a letter to the + Bishop of London was prepared and about to be sent to him for signing. He + took a very zealous interest in the matter. The letter formally asked for + the return of the manuscript, and was signed by the following-named + gentlemen: George F. Hoar, Stephen Salisbury, Edward Everett Hale, Samuel + A. Green, for the American Antiquarian Society; Charles Francis Adams, + William Lawrence, Charles W. Eliot, for the Massachusetts Historical + Society; Arthur Lord, William M. Evarts, William T. Davis, for the Pilgrim + Society of Plymouth; Charles C. Beaman, Joseph H. Choate, J. Pierpont + Morgan, for the New England Society of New York; Roger Wolcott, Governor + of Massachusetts. + </p> + <p> + The rarest good fortune seems to have attended every step in this + transaction. + </p> + <p> + I was fortunate in having formed the friendship of Mr. Grenfell, which + secured to me so cordial a reception from the Bishop of London. + </p> + <p> + It was fortunate that the Bishop of London was Dr. Temple, an eminent + scholar, kindly disposed toward the people of the United States, and a man + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lii" id="Page_lii">[lii]</a></span>thoroughly + capable of understanding and respecting the deep and holy sentiment which + a compliance with our desire would gratify. + </p> + <p> + It was fortunate, too, that Bishop Temple, who thought he must have the + approbation of the archbishop before his action, when the time came had + himself become Archbishop of Canterbury and Primate of all England. + </p> + <p> + It was fortunate that Dr. Creighton had succeeded to the see of London. He + is, himself, as I have just said, an eminent historical scholar. He has + many friends in America. He was the delegate of Emmanuel, John Harvard's + College, at the great Harvard centennial celebration in 1886. He received + the degree of doctor of laws at Harvard and is a member of the + Massachusetts Historical Society. He had, as I have said, entertained + President Eliot as his guest in England. + </p> + <p> + It was fortunate, too, that the application came in a time of cordial + good-will between the two countries, when the desire of John Adams and the + longing of George III. have their ample and complete fulfilment. This + token of the good-will of England reached Boston on the eve of the + birthday of the illustrious sovereign, who is not more venerated and + beloved by her own subjects than by the kindred people across the sea. + </p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> + <img src="images/fig02.jpg" width="500" alt="" title="" /> <span + class="caption">THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.</span> + </div> + <p> + It comes to us at the time of the rejoicing of the <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_liii" id="Page_liii">[liii]</a></span>English people at the + sixtieth anniversary of a reign more crowded with benefit to humanity than + any other known in the annals of the race. Upon the power of England, the + sceptre, the trident, the lion, the army and the fleet, the monster ships + of war, the all-shattering guns, the American people are strong enough now + to look with an entire indifference. We encounter her commerce and her + manufacture in the spirit of a generous emulation. The inheritance from + which England has gained these things is ours also. We, too, are of the + Saxon strain. + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <span class="i4">In our halls is hung<br /></span> <span class="i0">Armory + of the invincible knights of old.<br /></span> + </div> + </div> + <p> + Our temple covers a continent, and its porches are upon both the seas. Our + fathers knew the secret to lay, in Christian liberty and law, the + foundations of empire. Our young men are not ashamed, if need be, to speak + with the enemy in the gate. + </p> + <p> + But to the illustrious lady, type of gentlest womanhood, model of mother + and wife and friend, who came at eighteen to the throne of George IV. and + William; of purer eyes than to behold iniquity; the maiden presence before + which everything unholy shrank; the sovereign who, during her long reign, + "ever knew the people that she ruled;" the royal nature that disdained to + strike at her kingdom's rival in the hour of our sorest need; the heart + which even in <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_liv" id="Page_liv">[liv]</a></span>the + bosom of a queen beat with sympathy for the cause of constitutional + liberty; who, herself not unacquainted with grief, laid on the coffin of + our dead Garfield the wreath fragrant with a sister's sympathy,—to + her our republican manhood does not disdain to bend. + </p> + <div class="poem"> + <div class="stanza"> + <span class="i0">The eagle, lord of land and sea,<br /></span> <span + class="i0">Will stoop to pay her fealty.<br /></span> + </div> + </div> + <p> + But I am afraid this application might have had the fate of its + predecessors but for our special good fortune in the fact that Mr. Bayard + was our ambassador at the Court of St. James. He had been, as I said in + the beginning, the ambassador not so much of the diplomacy as of the + good-will of the American people. Before his powerful influence every + obstacle gave way. It was almost impossible for Englishmen to refuse a + request like this, made by him, and in which his own sympathies were so + profoundly enlisted. + </p> + <p> + You are entitled, sir, to the gratitude of Massachusetts, to the gratitude + of every lover of Massachusetts and of every lover of the country. You + have succeeded where so many others have failed, and where so many others + would have been likely to fail. You may be sure that our debt to you is + fully understood and will not be forgotten. + </p> + <p> + The question of the permanent abiding-place of this <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_lv" id="Page_lv">[lv]</a></span>manuscript will be settled + after it has reached the hands of His Excellency. Wherever it shall go it + will be an object of reverent care. I do not think many Americans will + gaze upon it without a little trembling of the lips and a little gathering + of mist in the eyes, as they think of the story of suffering, of sorrow, + of peril, of exile, of death and of lofty triumph which that book tells,—which + the hand of the great leader and founder of America has traced on those + pages. + </p> + <p> + There is nothing like it in human annals since the story of Bethlehem. + These Englishmen and English women going out from their homes in beautiful + Lincoln and York, wife separated from husband and mother from child in + that hurried embarkation for Holland, pursued to the beach by English + horsemen; the thirteen years of exile; the life at Amsterdam "in alley + foul and lane obscure;" the dwelling at Leyden; the embarkation at + Delfthaven; the farewell of Robinson; the terrible voyage across the + Atlantic; the compact in the harbor; the landing on the rock; the dreadful + first winter; the death roll of more than half the number; the days of + suffering and of famine; the wakeful night, listening for the yell of wild + beast and the war-whoop of the savage; the building of the State on those + sure foundations which no wave or tempest has ever shaken; the breaking of + the new light; the dawning of the new day; the <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_lvi" id="Page_lvi">[lvi]</a></span>beginning of the new life; + the enjoyment of peace with liberty,—of all these things this is the + original record by the hand of our beloved father and founder. + Massachusetts will preserve it until the time shall come that her children + are unworthy of it; and that time shall come,—never. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lvii" id="Page_lvii">[lvii]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="ADDRESS_BAY" id="ADDRESS_BAY"></a>ADDRESS<br /> OF THE<br /> <span + class="smcap">Hon. THOMAS F. BAYARD.</span> + </h2> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lviii" id="Page_lviii">[lviii]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> + <img src="images/fig03.jpg" width="500" height="663" alt="" title="" /> + </div> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lix" id="Page_lix">[lix]</a></span> + </p> + <h3> + ADDRESS OF AMBASSADOR BAYARD. + </h3> + <p> + Your Excellency, Gentlemen of the two Houses of the Legislature of + Massachusetts, Ladies and Gentlemen, Fellow Countrymen: The honorable and + most gratifying duty with which I am charged is about to receive its final + act of execution, for I have the book here, as it was placed in my hands + by the Lord Bishop of London on April 29, intact then and now; and I am + about to deliver it according to the provisions of the decree of the + Chancellor of London, which has been read in your presence, and the + receipt signed by me and registered in his court that I would obey the + provisions of that decree. + </p> + <p> + I have kept my trust; I have kept the book as I received it; I shall + deliver it into the hands of the representative of the people who are + entitled to its custody. + </p> + <p> + And now, gentlemen, it would be superfluous for me to dwell upon the + historical features of this remarkable occasion, for it has been done, as + we all knew it would be done, with ability, learning, eloquence and + impressiveness, by the distinguished Senator who represents you so well in + the Congress of the United States. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lx" id="Page_lx">[lx]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + For all that related to myself, and for every gracious word of recognition + and commendation that fell from his lips in relation to the part that I + have taken in the act of restoration, I am profoundly grateful. It is an + additional reward, but not the reward which induced my action. + </p> + <p> + To have served your State, to have been instrumental in such an act as + this, was of itself a high privilege to me. The Bradford manuscript was in + the library of Fulham palace, and if, by lawful means, I could have become + possessed of the volume, and have brought it here and quietly deposited + it, I should have gone to my home with the great satisfaction of knowing + that I had performed an act of justice, an act of right between two + countries. Therefore the praise, however grateful, is additional, and I am + very thankful for it. + </p> + <p> + It may not be inappropriate or unpleasing to you should I state in a very + simple manner the history of my relation to the return of this book, for + it all has occurred within the last twelve months. + </p> + <p> + I knew of the existence of this manuscript, and had seen the reproduction + in facsimile. I knew that attempts had been made, unsuccessfully, to + obtain the original book. + </p> + <p> + At that time Senator Hoar made a short visit to England, and in passing + through London I was informed by him of the great interest that he, in + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxi" id="Page_lxi">[lxi]</a></span>common + with the people of this State, had in the restoration of this manuscript + to the custody of the State. + </p> + <p> + We discussed the methods by which it might be accomplished, and after two + or three concurrent suggestions he returned to the United States, and + presently I received, under cover from the Secretary of State,—a + distinguished citizen of your own State, Mr. Olney,—a formal note, + suggesting rather than instructing that in an informal manner I should + endeavor to have carried out the wishes of the various societies that had + addressed themselves to the Bishop of London and the Archbishop of + Canterbury, in order to obtain the return of this manuscript. + </p> + <p> + It necessarily had to be done informally. The strict regulations of the + office I then occupied forbade my correspondence with any member of the + British government except through the foreign office, unless it were + informal. An old saying describes the entire case, that "When there's a + will there's a way." There certainly was the will to get the book, and + there certainly was also a will and a way to give the book, and that way + was discovered by the legal custodians of the book itself. + </p> + <p> + At first there were suggestions of difficulty, some technical questions; + and following a very safe rule, the first thought was, What is the law? + and the case was submitted to the law officers of the Crown. <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxii" id="Page_lxii">[lxii]</a></span>Then + there arose the necessity of a formal act of permission. + </p> + <p> + There could be entertained no question as to the title to the manuscript + in the possession of the British government. There was no authority to + grant a claim, founded on adverse title, and the question arose as to the + requisite form of law of a permissive rather than of a mandatory nature, + in order to be authoritative with those who had charge of the document. + </p> + <p> + But, as I have said, when there was a will there was found a way. By + personal correspondence and interviews with the Bishop of London, I soon + discovered that he was as anxious to find the way as I was that he should + find it. In March last it was finally agreed that I should employ legal + counsel to present a formal petition in the Episcopal Consistorial Court + of London, and there before the Chancellor to represent the strong desire + of Massachusetts and her people for the return of the record of her early + Governor. + </p> + <p> + Accordingly, the petition was prepared, and by my authority signed as for + me by an eminent member of the bar, and it was also signed by the Bishop + of London, so that there was a complete consensus. The decree was ordered, + as is published in the London "Times" on March 25 last, and nothing after + that remained but formalities, in which, as you are well aware, the + English law is not lacking, especially in the ecclesiastical tribunals. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxiii" id="Page_lxiii">[lxiii]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + These formalities were carried out during my absence from London on a + short visit to the Continent, and the decree which you have just heard + read was duly entered on April 12 last, consigning the document to my + personal custody, to be delivered by me in this city to the high official + therein named, subject to those conditions which you have also heard. + </p> + <p> + Accordingly, on the 29th of April last I was summoned to the court, and + there, having signed the receipt, this decree was read in my presence. + Then the Bishop of London arose, and, taking the book in his hands, + delivered it with a few gracious words into my custody, and here it is + to-day. + </p> + <p> + The records of those proceedings will no doubt be preserved here as + accompanying this book, as they are in the Episcopal Consistorial Court in + London, and they tell the entire story. + </p> + <p> + But that is but part. The thing that I wish to impress upon you, and upon + my fellow countrymen throughout the United States, is that this is an act + of courtesy and friendship by another government—the government of + what we once called our "mother country"—to the entire people of the + United States. + </p> + <p> + You cannot limit it to the Governor of this Commonwealth; nor to the + Legislature; nor even to the citizens of this Commonwealth. It extends in + its courtesy, its kindness and comity to the entire people of the United + States. From first to last there was <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_lxiv" id="Page_lxiv">[lxiv]</a></span>the ready response of + courtesy and kindness to the request for the restoration of this + manuscript record. + </p> + <p> + I may say to you that there has been nothing that I have sought more + earnestly than to place the affairs of these two great nations in the + atmosphere of mutual confidence and respect and good-will. If it be a sin + to long for the honor of one's country, for the safety and strength of + one's country, then I have been a great sinner, for I have striven to + advance the honor and the safety and the welfare of my country, and + believed it was best accomplished by treating all with justice and + courtesy, and doing those things to others which we would ask to have done + to ourselves. + </p> + <p> + When the Chancellor pronounced his decree in March last, he cited certain + precedents to justify him in restoring this volume to Massachusetts. One + precedent which powerfully controlled his decision, and which in the + closing portion of his judgment he emphasizes, was an act of generous + liberality upon the part of the American Library Society in Philadelphia + in voluntarily returning to the British government some volumes of + original manuscript of the period of James the First, which by some means + not very clearly explained had found their way among the books of that + institution. + </p> + <p> + Those books were received by a distinguished man, Lord Romilly, Master of + the Rolls, who took occasion <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxv" + id="Page_lxv">[lxv]</a></span>to speak of the liberality and kindness + which dictated the action of the Philadelphia library. Gentlemen, I am one + of those who believe that a generous and kindly act is never unwise + between individuals or nations. + </p> + <p> + The return of this book to you is an echo of the kindly act of your + countrymen in the city of Philadelphia in 1866. + </p> + <p> + It is that, not, as Mr. Hoar has said, any influence or special effort of + mine; but it is international good feeling and comity which brought about + to you the pleasure and the joy of having this manuscript returned, and so + it will ever be. A generous act will beget a generous act; trust and + confidence will beget trust and confidence; and so it will be while the + world shall last, and well will it be for the man or for the people who + shall recognize this truth and act upon it. + </p> + <p> + Now, gentlemen, there is another coincidence that I may venture to point + out. It is history repeating itself. More than three hundred years ago the + ancestors from whom my father drew his name and blood were French + Protestants, who had been compelled to flee from the religious + persecutions of that day, and for the sake of conscience to find an asylum + in Holland. Fifty years after they had fled and found safety in Holland, + the little congregation of Independents from the English village of + Scrooby, under the pastorate of John Robinson, was forced to fly, and with + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxvi" id="Page_lxvi">[lxvi]</a></span>difficulty + found its way into the same country of the Netherlands, seeking an asylum + for consciences' sake. + </p> + <p> + Time passed on. The little English colony removed, as this manuscript of + William Bradford will tell you, across the Atlantic, and soon after the + Huguenot family from whom I drew my name found their first settlement in + what was then the New Netherlands, now New York. Both came from the same + cause; both came with the same object, the same purpose,—"soul + freedom," as Roger Williams well called it. Both came to found homes where + they could worship God according to their own conscience and live as free + men. They came to these shores, and they have found the asylum, and they + have strengthened it, and it is what we see to-day,—a country of + absolute religious and civil freedom,—of equal rights and + toleration. + </p> + <p> + And is it not fitting that I, who have in my veins the blood of the + Huguenots, should present to you and your Governor the log of the English + emigrants, who left their country for the sake of religious freedom? + </p> + <p> + They are blended here,—their names, their interests. No man asks and + no man has a right to ask or have ascertained by any method authorized by + law what is the conscientious religious tenet or opinion of any man, of + any citizen, as a prerequisite for holding an office of trust or power in + the United States. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxvii" id="Page_lxvii">[lxvii]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + I think it well on this occasion to make, as I am sure you are making, + acknowledgment to that heroic little country, the Lowlands as they call + it, the Netherlands,—the country without one single feature of + military defence except the brave hearts of the men who live in it and + defend it. + </p> + <p> + Holland was the anvil upon which religious and civil liberty was beaten + out in Europe at a time when the clang was scarcely heard anywhere else. + We can never forget our historical debt to that country and to those + people. Puritan, Independent, Huguenot, whoever he may be, forced to flee + for conscience's sake, will not forget that in the Netherlands there was + found in his time of need the asylum where conscience, property and person + might be secure. + </p> + <p> + And now my task is done. I am deeply grateful for the part that I have + been enabled to take in this act of just and natural restitution. In + Massachusetts or out of Massachusetts there is no one more willing than I + to assist this work; and here, sir [addressing Governor Wolcott], I fulfil + my trust in placing in your hands the manuscript. + </p> + <p> + To you, as the honored representative of the people of this Commonwealth, + I commit this book, in pursuance of my obligations, gladly undertaken + under the decree of the Episcopal Consistorial Court of London. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxix" id="Page_lxix">[lxix]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="ADDRESS_WOL" id="ADDRESS_WOL"></a>ADDRESS<br /> OF<br /> <span + class="smcap">His Excellency ROGER WOLCOTT.</span> + </h2> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxx" id="Page_lxx">[lxx]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> + <img src="images/fig04.jpg" width="500" height="715" alt="" title="" /> + </div> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxi" id="Page_lxxi">[lxxi]</a></span> + </p> + <h3> + ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR WOLCOTT. + </h3> + <p> + On receiving the volume, Governor Wolcott, addressing Mr. Bayard, spoke as + follows: I thank you, sir, for the diligent and faithful manner in which + you have executed the honorable trust imposed upon you by the decree of + the Consistorial and Episcopal Court of London, a copy of which you have + now placed in my hands. It was fitting that one of your high distinction + should be selected to perform so dignified an office. + </p> + <p> + The gracious act of international courtesy which is now completed will not + fail of grateful appreciation by the people of this Commonwealth and of + the nation. It is honorable alike to those who hesitated not to prefer the + request and to those whose generous liberality has prompted compliance + with it. It may be that the story of the departure of this precious relic + from our shores may never in its every detail be revealed; but the story + of its return will be read of all men, and will become a part of the + history of the Commonwealth. There are places and objects so intimately + associated with the world's greatest men or with mighty deeds that the + soul of him who gazes upon them is lost in a sense of reverent awe, as it + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxii" id="Page_lxxii">[lxxii]</a></span>listens + to the voice that speaks from the past, in words like those which came + from the burning bush, "Put off thy shoes from off thy feet, for the place + whereon thou standest is holy ground." + </p> + <p> + On the sloping hillside of Plymouth, that bathes its feet in the waters of + the Atlantic, such a voice is breathed by the brooding genius of the + place, and the ear must be dull that fails to catch the whispered words. + For here not alone did godly men and women suffer greatly for a great + cause, but their noble purpose was not doomed to defeat, but was carried + to perfect victory. They stablished what they planned. Their feeble + plantation became the birthplace of religious liberty, the cradle of a + free Commonwealth. To them a mighty nation owns its debt. Nay, they have + made the civilized world their debtor. In the varied tapestry which + pictures our national life, the richest spots are those where gleam the + golden threads of conscience, courage and faith, set in the web by that + little band. May God in his mercy grant that the moral impulse which + founded this nation may never cease to control its destiny; that no act of + any future generation may put in peril the fundamental principles on which + it is based,—of equal rights in a free state, equal privileges in a + free church and equal opportunities in a free school. + </p> + <p> + In this precious volume which I hold in my hands—the gift of England + to the Commonwealth of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxiii" + id="Page_lxxiii">[lxxiii]</a></span>Massachusetts—is told the noble, + simple story "of Plim̃oth Plantation." In the midst of suffering and + privation and anxiety the pious hand of William Bradford here set down in + ample detail the history of the enterprise from its inception to the year + 1647. From him we may learn "that all great and honourable actions are + accompanied with great difficulties, and must be both enterprised and + overcome with answerable courages." + </p> + <p> + The sadness and pathos which some might read into the narrative are to me + lost in victory. The triumph of a noble cause even at a great price is + theme for rejoicing, not for sorrow, and the story here told is one of + triumphant achievement, and not of defeat. + </p> + <p> + As the official representative of the Commonwealth, I receive it, sir, at + your hands. I pledge the faith of the Commonwealth that for all time it + shall be guarded in accordance with the terms of the decree under which it + is delivered into her possession as one of her chiefest treasures. I + express the thanks of the Commonwealth for the priceless gift. And I + venture the prophecy that for countless years to come and to untold + thousands these mute pages shall eloquently speak of high resolve, great + suffering and heroic endurance made possible by an absolute faith in the + over-ruling providence of Almighty God. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxv" id="Page_lxxv">[lxxv]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="ACKNOWLEDGMENT" id="ACKNOWLEDGMENT"></a>ACKNOWLEDGMENT<br /> BY + THE<br /> BISHOP OF LONDON. + </h2> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxvi" id="Page_lxxvi">[lxxvi]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> + <img src="images/fig05.jpg" width="500" alt="" title="" /> <span + class="caption">THE BISHOP OF LONDON</span> + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_lxxvii" id="Page_lxxvii">[lxxvii]</a></span> + </p> + <hr /> + <p class="center"> + (Copy) + </p> + <div style="margin-right: 2em; text-align: right"> + <span class="smcap">Fulham Palace, S.W.</span> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt"> + Oct. 16, 1897. + </div> + <p> + <span class="smcap">Dear Sir</span>, + </p> + <p> + I would ask you to express to the Convention of the two branches of the + General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts my grateful thanks for + the copy of their resolution of May 26, which was presented to me by Mr. + Adams.<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" + class="fnanchor">[A]</a> + </p> + <p> + I consider it a great privilege to have been associated with an act of + courtesy, which was also an act of justice, in restoring to its proper + place a document which is so important in the records of your illustrious + Commonwealth. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + I am + </div> + <div class="center"> + Yours faithfully, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + M. LONDON. + </div> + </div> + <!-- end sig_blk --> + <div style="margin-left: 1em;"> + <span class="smcap">H.D. Coolidge</span>, Esq. + </div> + <div style="margin-left: 4em;"> + Clerk of the Convention. + </div> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="Of_Plimoth_Plantation" id="Of_Plimoth_Plantation"></a><span + class="smcap">Of Plimoth Plantation.</span> + </h2> + <hr /> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> + <a href="images/fig09_l.jpg"> <img src="images/fig09.jpg" alt="" title="" /> + </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> + </p> + <p class="center"> + <b>Of Plimoth Plantation.</b> + </p> + <p> + And first of y<sup>e</sup> occasion and indũsments ther unto; the + which that I may truly unfould, I must begine at y<sup>e</sup> very roote + & rise of y<sup>e</sup> same. The which I shall endevor to manefest in + a plaine stile, with singuler regard unto y<sup>e</sup> simple trueth in + all things, at least as near as my slender judgmente can attaine the same. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + <a name="Chapter_a" id="Chapter_a"></a>1. Chapter. + </h3> + <p> + It is well knowne unto y<sup>e</sup> godly and judicious, how ever since y<sup>e</sup> + first breaking out of y<sup>e</sup> lighte of y<sup>e</sup> gospell in our + Honourable Nation of England, (which was y<sup>e</sup> first of nations + whom y<sup>e</sup> Lord adorned ther with, affter y<sup>t</sup> grosse + darknes of popery which had covered & overspred y<sup>e</sup> + Christian worled,) what warrs & opposissions ever since, Satan hath + raised, maintained, and continued against the Saincts, from time to time, + in one sorte or other. Some times by bloody death and cruell torments; + other whiles imprisonments, banishments, & other hard usages; as being + loath his kingdom should goe downe, the trueth prevaile, and y<sup>e</sup> + churches of God reverte to their anciente puritie, and recover their + primative order, libertie, & bewtie. But when he could not <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>prevaile by + these means, against the maine trueths of y<sup>e</sup> gospell, but that + they began to take rootting in many places, being watered with y<sup>e</sup> + blooud of y<sup>e</sup> martires, and blessed from heaven with a gracious + encrease; He then begane to take him to his anciente strategemes, used of + old against the first Christians. That when by y<sup>e</sup> bloody & + barbarous persecutions of y<sup>e</sup> Heathen Emperours, he could not + stoppe & subuerte the course of y<sup>e</sup> gospell, but that it + speedily overspred with a wounderfull celeritie the then best known parts + of y<sup>e</sup> world, He then begane to sow errours, heresies, and + wounderfull dissentions amongst y<sup>e</sup> professours them selves, + (working upon their pride & ambition, with other corrupte passions + incidente to all mortall men, yea to y<sup>e</sup> saints them selves in + some measure,) by which wofull effects followed; as not only bitter + contentions, & hartburnings, schismes, with other horrible confusions, + but Satan tooke occasion & advantage therby to foyst in a number of + vile ceremoneys, with many unproffitable cannons & decrees, which have + since been as snares to many poore & peaceable souls even to this day. + So as in y<sup>e</sup> anciente times, the persecutions[2] by y<sup>e</sup> + heathen & their Emperours, was not greater then of the Christians one + against other; the Arians & other their complices against y<sup>e</sup> + orthodoxe & true Christians. As witneseth Socrates in his 2. booke. + His words are these;<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a + href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a> <i>The violence truly</i> + (saith he) <i>was no less than <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" + id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>that of ould practised towards y<sup>e</sup> + Christians when they were compelled & drawne to sacrifice to idoles; + for many indured sundrie kinds of tormente, often rackings, & + dismembering of their joynts; confiscating of ther goods; some bereaved of + their native soyle; others departed this life under y<sup>e</sup> hands of + y<sup>e</sup> tormentor; and some died in banishmēte, & never saw + ther cuntrie againe, &c.</i> + </p> + <p> + The like methode Satan hath seemed to hold in these later times, since y<sup>e</sup> + trueth begane to springe & spread after y<sup>e</sup> great defection + made by Antichrist, y<sup>t</sup> man of sin̅e. + </p> + <p> + For to let pass y<sup>e</sup> infinite examples in sundrie nations and + severall places of y<sup>e</sup> world, and instance in our owne, when as + y<sup>t</sup> old serpente could not prevaile by those firie flames & + other his cruell tragedies, which he<a name="FNanchor_C_3" + id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> by + his instruments put in ure every wher in y<sup>e</sup> days of queene Mary + & before, he then begane an other kind of warre, & went more + closly to worke; not only to oppuggen, but even to ruinate & destroy y<sup>e</sup> + kingdom of Christ, by more secrete & subtile means, by kindling y<sup>e</sup> + flames of contention and sowing y<sup>e</sup> seeds of discorde & + bitter enmitie amongst y<sup>e</sup> proffessors & seeming reformed + them selves. For when he could not prevaile by y<sup>e</sup> former means + against the principall doctrins of faith, he bente his force against the + holy discipline & outward regimente of the kingdom of <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>Christ, by + which those holy doctrines should be conserved, & true pietie + maintained amongest the saints & people of God. + </p> + <p> + Mr. Foxe recordeth how y<sup>t</sup> besids those worthy martires & + confessors which were burned in queene Marys days & otherwise + tormented,<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a + href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a> <i>many (both studients + & others) fled out of y<sup>e</sup> land, to y<sup>e</sup> number of + 800. And became severall congregations. At Wesell, Frankford, Bassill, + Emden, Markpurge, Strausborugh, & Geneva, &c.</i> Amongst whom + (but especialy those at Frankford) begane y<sup>t</sup> bitter warr of + contention & persecutiō aboute y<sup>e</sup> ceremonies, & + servise-booke, and other popish and antichristian stuffe, the plague of + England to this day, which are like y<sup>e</sup> highplases in Israell, w<sup>ch</sup> + the prophets cried out against, & were their ruine; [3] which y<sup>e</sup> + better parte sought, according to y<sup>e</sup> puritie of y<sup>e</sup> + gospell, to roote out and utterly to abandon. And the other parte (under + veiled pretences) for their ouwn ends & advancments, sought as stifly + to continue, maintaine, & defend. As appeareth by y<sup>e</sup> + discourse therof published in printe, An<sup>o</sup>: 1575; a booke y<sup>t</sup> + deserves better to be knowne and considred. + </p> + <p> + The one side laboured to have y<sup>e</sup> right worship of God & + discipline of Christ established in y<sup>e</sup> church, according to y<sup>e</sup> + simplicitie of y<sup>e</sup> gospell, without the mixture of mens + inventions, and to have & to be <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" + id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>ruled by y<sup>e</sup> laws of Gods word, + dispensed in those offices, & by those officers of Pastors, Teachers, + & Elders, &c. according to y<sup>e</sup> Scripturs. The other + partie, though under many colours & pretences, endevored to have y<sup>e</sup> + episcopall dignitie (affter y<sup>e</sup> popish man̅er) with their + large power & jurisdiction still retained; with all those courts, + cannons, & ceremonies, togeather with all such livings, revenues, + & subordinate officers, with other such means as formerly upheld their + antichristian greatnes, and enabled them with lordly & tyranous power + to persecute y<sup>e</sup> poore servants of God. This contention was so + great, as neither y<sup>e</sup> honour of God, the commone persecution, + nor y<sup>e</sup> mediation of Mr. Calvin & other worthies of y<sup>e</sup> + Lord in those places, could prevaile with those thus episcopally minded, + but they proceeded by all means to disturbe y<sup>e</sup> peace of this + poor persecuted church, even so farr as to charge (very unjustly, & + ungodlily, yet prelatelike) some of their cheefe opposers, with rebellion + & hightreason against y<sup>e</sup> Emperour, & other such crimes. + </p> + <p> + And this contētion dyed not with queene Mary, nor was left beyonde y<sup>e</sup> + seas, but at her death these people returning into England under gracious + queene Elizabeth, many of them being preferred to bishopricks & other + promotions, according to their aimes and desires, that inveterate hatered + against y<sup>e</sup> holy discipline of Christ in his church hath + continued to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>this + day. In somuch that for fear [4] it should preveile, all plotts & + devices have been used to keepe it out, incensing y<sup>e</sup> queene + & state against it as dangerous for y<sup>e</sup> com̅on wealth; + and that it was most needfull y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> fundamentall + poynts of Religion should be preached in those ignorante & + superstitious times; and to win̅e y<sup>e</sup> weake & + ignorante, they might retaine diverse harmles ceremoneis; and though it + were to be wished y<sup>t</sup> diverse things were reformed, yet this was + not a season for it. And many the like, to stop y<sup>e</sup> mouthes of y<sup>e</sup> + more godly, to bring them over to yeeld to one ceremoney after another, + and one corruption after another; by these wyles begyleing some & + corrupting others till at length they begane to persecute all y<sup>e</sup> + zealous professors in y<sup>e</sup> land (though they knew little what + this discipline mente) both by word & deed, if they would not submitte + to their ceremonies, & become slaves to them & their popish trash, + which have no ground in y<sup>e</sup> word of God, but are relikes of y<sup>t</sup> + man of sine. And the more y<sup>e</sup> light of y<sup>e</sup> gospell + grew, y<sup>e</sup> more y<sup>ey</sup> urged their subscriptions to these + corruptions. So as (notwithstanding all their former pretences & fair + colures) they whose eyes God had not justly blinded might easily see + wherto these things tended. And to cast contempte the more upon y<sup>e</sup> + sincere servants of God, they opprobriously & most injuriously gave + unto, & imposed upon them, that name of Puritans, which [it] is said + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>the + Novatians out of prid did assume & take unto themselves.<a + name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5" + class="fnanchor">[E]</a> And lamentable it is to see y<sup>e</sup> effects + which have followed. Religion hath been disgraced, the godly greeved, + afflicted, persecuted, and many exiled, sundrie have lost their lives in + prisones & otherways. On the other hand, sin hath been countenanced, + ignorance, profannes, & atheisme increased, & the papists + encouraged to hope againe for a day. + </p> + <p> + This made that holy man Mr. Perkins<a name="FNanchor_F_6" id="FNanchor_F_6"></a><a + href="#Footnote_F_6" class="fnanchor">[F]</a> crie out in his exhortation + to repentance, upon Zeph. 2. <i>Religion</i> (saith he) <i>hath been + amongst us this 35. years; but the more it is published, the more it is + contemned & reproached of many, &c. Thus not prophanes nor + wickednes, but Religion it selfe is a byword, a moking-stock, & a + matter of reproach; so that in England at this day the man or woman y<sup>t</sup> + begines to profes Religion, & to serve God, must resolve with him + selfe to sustaine</i> [5] <i>mocks & injueries even as though he lived + amongst y<sup>e</sup> enimies of Religion.</i> And this com̅one + experience hath confirmed & made too apparente. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>A late observation, as it were by the way, worthy to be Noted.</i><a + name="FNanchor_G_7" id="FNanchor_G_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_7" + class="fnanchor">[G]</a> + </p> + <p> + Full litle did I thinke, y<sup>t</sup> the downfall of y<sup>e</sup> + Bishops, with their courts, cannons, & ceremonies, &c. had been + so neare, when I first begane these scribled writings (which was aboute + y<sup>e</sup> year 1630, and so peeced up at times of leasure + afterward), <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>or + that I should have lived to have seene or heard of y<sup>e</sup> same; + but it is y<sup>e</sup> Lords doing, and ought to be marvelous in our + eyes! Every plante which mine heavenly father hath not planted (saith + our Saviour) shall be rooted up. Mat: 15. 13.<a name="FNanchor_H_8" + id="FNanchor_H_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_H_8" class="fnanchor">[H]</a> I + have snared the, and thou art taken, O Babell (Bishops), and thou wast + not aware; thou art found, and also caught, because thou hast striven + against the Lord. Jer. 50. 24. But will they needs strive against y<sup>e</sup> + truth, against y<sup>e</sup> servants of God; what, & against the + Lord him selfe? Doe they provoke the Lord to anger? Are they stronger + than he? 1. Cor: 10. 22. No, no, they have mete with their match. + Behold, I come unto y<sup>e</sup>, O proud man, saith the Lord God of + hosts; for thy day is come, even the time that I will visite the. Jer: + 50. 31. May not the people of God now say (and these pore people among y<sup>e</sup> + rest), The Lord hath brought forth our righteousnes; come, let us + declare in Sion the work of the Lord our God. Jer: 51. 10. Let all flesh + be still before the Lord; for he is raised up out of his holy place. + Zach: 2. 13. + </p> + <p> + In this case, these poore people may say (among y<sup>e</sup> thousands + of Israll), <i>When the Lord brougt againe the captivite of Zion, we + were like them that dreame. Psa: 126. 1. The Lord hath done greate + things for us, wherof we rejoyce. v. 3. They that sow in teares, shall + reap in joye. They wente weeping, and carried precious seede, but they + shall returne with joye, and bring their sheaves, v. 5, 6.</i> + </p> + <p> + Doe you not now see y<sup>e</sup> fruits of your labours, O all yee + servants of y<sup>e</sup> Lord that have suffered for his truth, and + have been faithfull witneses of y<sup>e</sup> same, and yee litle + handfull amongst y<sup>e</sup> rest, y<sup>e</sup> least amongest y<sup>e</sup> + thousands of Israll? You have not only had a seede time, but many of you + have seene y<sup>e</sup> joyefull harvest; should you not then rejoyse, + yea, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>and + againe rejoyce, and say Hallelu-iah, salvation, and glorie, and honour, + and power, be to y<sup>e</sup> Lord our God; for true and righteous are + his judgments. Rev. 19. 1, 2. + </p> + <p> + But thou wilte aske what is y<sup>e</sup> mater? What is done? Why, art + thou a stranger in Israll, that thou shouldest not know what is done? + Are not those Jebusites overcome that have vexed the people of Israll so + long, even holding Jerusalem till Davids days, and been as thorns in + their sids, so many ages; and now begane to scorne that any David should + meadle with them; they begane to fortifie their tower, as that of the + old Babelonians; but those proud Anakimes are throwne downe, and their + glory laid in y<sup>e</sup> dust. The tiranous bishops are ejected, + their courts dissolved, their cannons forceless, their servise + casheired, their ceremonies uselese and despised; their plots for popery + prevented, and all their superstitions discarded & returned to Roome + from whence they came, and y<sup>e</sup> monuments of idolatrie rooted + out of y<sup>e</sup> land. And the proud and profane suporters, and + cruell defenders of these (as bloody papists & wicked athists, and + their malignante consorts) marvelously over throwne. And are not these + greate things? Who can deney it? + </p> + <p> + But who hath done it? Who, even he that siteth on y<sup>e</sup> white + horse, who is caled faithfull, & true, and judgeth and fighteth + righteously, Rev: 19. 11. whose garments are dipte in blood, and his + name was caled the word of God, v. 13. for he shall rule them with a + rode of iron; for it is he that treadeth the winepress of the feircenes + and wrath of God almighty. And he hath upon his garmente, and upon his + thigh, a name writen, The King of Kings, and Lord of Lords, v. 15, 16. + </p> + <div class="right"> + Hallelu-iah. + </div> + <div class="left"> + Anno Dom: 1646. + </div> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <p> + But that I may come more near my intendmente; when as by the travell & + diligence of some godly & zealous preachers, & Gods blessing on + their labours, as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>in + other places of y<sup>e</sup> land, so in y<sup>e</sup> North parts, many + became inlightened by the word of God, and had their ignorance & sins + discovered unto them, and begane by his grace to reforme their lives, and + make conscience of their wayes, the worke of God was no sooner manifest in + them, but presently they were both scoffed and scorned by y<sup>e</sup> + prophane multitude, and y<sup>e</sup> ministers urged with y<sup>e</sup> + yoak of subscription, or els must be silenced; and y<sup>e</sup> poore + people were so vexed with apparators, & pursuants, & y<sup>e</sup> + comissarie courts, as truly their affliction was not smale; which, + notwithstanding, they bore sundrie years with much patience, till they + were occasioned (by y<sup>e</sup> continuance & encrease of these + troubls, and other means which the Lord raised up in those days) to see + further into things by the light of y<sup>e</sup> word of God. How not + only these base and beggerly ceremonies were unlawfull, but also that y<sup>e</sup> + lordly & tiranous power of y<sup>e</sup> prelats ought not to be + submitted unto; which thus, contrary to the freedome of the gospell, would + load & burden mens consciences, and by their compulsive power make a + prophane mixture of persons & things in the worship of God. And that + their offices & calings, courts & cannons, &c. were unlawfull + and antichristian; being such as have no warrante in y<sup>e</sup> word of + God; but the same y<sup>t</sup> were used in poperie, & still + retained. Of which a famous author thus writeth in his Dutch com̅taries.<a + name="FNanchor_I_9" id="FNanchor_I_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_I_9" + class="fnanchor">[I]</a> At the coming of <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>king James into England; <i>The + new king</i> (saith he) <i>found their established y<sup>e</sup> reformed + religion, according to y<sup>e</sup> reformed religion of king Edward y<sup>e</sup> + 6. Retaining, or keeping still y<sup>e</sup> spirituall state of y<sup>e</sup> + Bishops, &c. after y<sup>e</sup> ould maner, much varying & + differing from y<sup>e</sup> reformed churches in Scotland, France, & + y<sup>e</sup> Neatherlands, Embden, Geneva, &c. whose reformation is + cut, or shapen much nerer y<sup>e</sup> first Christian churches, as it + was used in y<sup>e</sup> Apostles times.</i><a name="FNanchor_J_10" + id="FNanchor_J_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_J_10" class="fnanchor">[J]</a> + </p> + <p> + [6] So many therfore of these proffessors as saw y<sup>e</sup> evill of + these things, in thes parts, and whose harts y<sup>e</sup> Lord had + touched w<sup>th</sup> heavenly zeale for his trueth, they shooke of this + yoake of antichristian bondage, and as y<sup>e</sup> Lords free people, + joyned them selves (by a covenant of the Lord) into a church estate, in y<sup>e</sup> + felowship of y<sup>e</sup> gospell, to walke in all his wayes, made known, + or to be made known unto them, according to their best endeavours, + whatsoever it should cost them, the Lord assisting them. And that it cost + them something this ensewing historie will declare. + </p> + <p> + These people became 2. distincte bodys or churches, & in regarde of + distance of place did congregate severally; for they were of sundrie + townes & vilages, some in Notingamshire, some of Lincollinshire, and + some of Yorkshire, wher they border nearest togeather. In one <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span>of these + churches (besids others of note) was Mr. John Smith, a man of able gifts, + & a good preacher, who afterwards was chosen their pastor. But these + afterwards falling into some errours in y<sup>e</sup> Low Countries, ther + (for y<sup>e</sup> most part) buried them selves, & their names. + </p> + <p> + But in this other church (w<sup>ch</sup> must be y<sup>e</sup> subjecte of + our discourse) besids other worthy men, was M<sup>r</sup>. Richard + Clifton, a grave and reverēd preacher, who by his paines and + dilligens had done much good, and under God had ben a means of y<sup>e</sup> + conversion of many. And also that famous and worthy man M<sup>r</sup>. + John Robinson, who afterwards was their pastor for many years, till y<sup>e</sup> + Lord tooke him away by death. Also M<sup>r</sup>. William Brewster a + reverent man, who afterwards was chosen an elder of y<sup>e</sup> church + and lived with them till old age. + </p> + <p> + But after these things they could not long continue in any peaceable + condition, but were hunted & persecuted on every side, so as their + former afflictions were but as flea-bitings in comparison of these which + now came upon them. For some were taken & clapt up in prison, others + had their houses besett & watcht night and day, & hardly escaped + their hands; and y<sup>e</sup> most were faine to flie & leave their + howses & habitations, and the means of their livelehood. Yet these + & many other sharper things which affterward befell them, were no + other then they looked for, and therfore were y<sup>e</sup> better + prepared to bear them by y<sup>e</sup> assistance of Gods <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span>grace & + spirite. Yet seeing them selves thus molested, [7] and that ther was no + hope of their continuance ther, by a joynte consente they resolved to goe + into y<sup>e</sup> Low-Countries, wher they heard was freedome of Religion + for all men; as also how sundrie from London, & other parts of y<sup>e</sup> + land, had been exiled and persecuted for y<sup>e</sup> same cause, & + were gone thither, and lived at Amsterdam, & in other places of y<sup>e</sup> + land. So affter they had continued togeither aboute a year, and kept their + meetings every Saboth in one place or other, exercising the worship of God + amongst them selves, notwithstanding all y<sup>e</sup> dilligence & + malice of their adverssaries, they seeing they could no longer continue in + y<sup>t</sup> condition, they resolved to get over into Hollād as + they could; which was in y<sup>e</sup> year 1607. & 1608.; of which + more at large in y<sup>e</sup> next chap. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + <a name="Chap_b" id="Chap_b"></a>2. Chap. + </h3> + <p> + <i>Of their departure into Holland and their troubls ther aboute, with + some of the many difficulties they found and mete withall</i>. + </p> + <p class="center"> + An<sup>o</sup>. 1608. + </p> + <p> + Being thus constrained to leave their native soyle and countrie, their + lands & livings, and all their freinds & famillier acquaintance, + it was much, and thought marvelous by many. But to goe into a countrie + they knew not (but by hearsay), wher they must <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>learne a new language, and get + their livings they knew not how, it being a dear place, & subjecte to + y<sup>e</sup> misseries of warr, it was by many thought an adventure + almost desperate, a case intolerable, & a misserie worse then death. + Espetially seeing they were not aquainted with trads nor traffique, (by + which y<sup>t</sup> countrie doth subsiste,) but had only been used to a + plaine countrie life, & y<sup>e</sup> inocente trade of husbandrey. + But these things did not dismay them (though they did some times trouble + them) for their desires were sett on y<sup>e</sup> ways of God, & to + injoye his ordinances; but they rested on his providence, & knew whom + they had beleeved. Yet [8] this was not all, for though they could not + stay, yet were y<sup>e</sup> not suffered to goe, but y<sup>e</sup> ports + and havens were shut against them, so as they were faine to seeke secrete + means of conveance, & to bribe & fee y<sup>e</sup> mariners, & + give exterordinarie rates for their passages. And yet were they often + times betrayed (many of them), and both they & their goods intercepted + & surprised, and therby put to great trouble & charge, of which I + will give an instance or tow, & omitte the rest. + </p> + <p> + Ther was a large companie of them purposed to get passage at Boston in + Lincoln-shire, and for that end had hired a shipe wholy to them selves, + & made agreement with the maister to be ready at a certaine day, and + take them and their goods in, at a conveniente place, wher they + accordingly would all attende <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" + id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>in readines. So after long waiting, & + large expences, though he kepte not day with them, yet he came at length + & tooke them in, in y<sup>e</sup> night. But when he had them & + their goods abord, he betrayed them, haveing before hand complotted with y<sup>e</sup> + serchers & other officers so to doe; who tooke them, and put them into + open boats, & ther rifled & ransaked them, searching them to their + shirts for money, yea even y<sup>e</sup> women furder then became + modestie; and then caried them back into y<sup>e</sup> towne, & made + them a spectackle & wonder to the multitude, which came flocking on + all sids to behould them. Being thus first, by the chatch-poule officers, + rifled, & stripte of their money, books, and much other goods, they + were presented to y<sup>e</sup> magestrates, and messengers sente to + informe y<sup>e</sup> lords of y<sup>e</sup> Counsell of them; and so they + were com̅ited to ward. Indeed y<sup>e</sup> magestrats used them + courteously, and shewed them what favour they could; but could not deliver + them, till order came from y<sup>e</sup> Counsell-table. But y<sup>e</sup> + issue was that after a months imprisonmente, y<sup>e</sup> greatest parte + were dismiste, & sent to y<sup>e</sup> places from whence they came; + but 7. of y<sup>e</sup> principall were still kept in prison, and bound + over to y<sup>e</sup> Assises. + </p> + <p> + The nexte spring after, ther was another attempte made by some of these + & others, to get over at an other place. And it so fell out, that they + light of a Dutchman at Hull, having a ship of his owne belonging <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>to Zealand; + they made agreemente with him, and acquainted [9] him with their + condition, hoping to find more faithfullnes in him, then in y<sup>e</sup> + former of their owne nation. He bad them not fear, for he would doe well + enough. He was by appointment to take them in betweene Grimsbe & Hull, + wher was a large com̅one a good way distante from any towne. Now + aganst the prefixed time, the women & children, with y<sup>e</sup> + goods, were sent to y<sup>e</sup> place in a small barke, which they had + hired for y<sup>t</sup> end; and y<sup>e</sup> men were to meete them by + land. But it so fell out, that they were ther a day before y<sup>e</sup> + shipe came, & y<sup>e</sup> sea being rough, and y<sup>e</sup> women + very sicke, prevailed with y<sup>e</sup> seamen to put into a creeke + hardby, wher they lay on ground at lowwater. The nexte morning y<sup>e</sup> + shipe came, but they were fast, & could not stir till aboute noone. In + y<sup>e</sup> mean time, y<sup>e</sup> shipe maister, perceiveing how y<sup>e</sup> + matter was, sente his boate to be getting y<sup>e</sup> men abord whom he + saw ready, walking aboute y<sup>e</sup> shore. But after y<sup>e</sup> + first boat full was gott abord, & she was ready to goe for more, the m<sup>r</sup> + espied a greate company, both horse & foote, with bills, & gunes, + & other weapons; for y<sup>e</sup> countrie was raised to take them. Y<sup>e</sup> + Dutch-man seeing y<sup>t</sup>, swore his countries oath, "sacremente," + and having y<sup>e</sup> wind faire, waiged his Ancor, hoysed sayles, + & away. But y<sup>e</sup> poore men which were gott abord, were in + great distress for their wives and children, which they saw thus to be + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>taken, + and were left destitute of their helps; and them selves also, not having a + cloath to shifte them with, more then they had on their baks, & some + scarce a peney aboute them, all they had being abord y<sup>e</sup> barke. + It drew tears from their eyes, and any thing they had they would have + given to have been a shore againe; but all in vaine, ther was no remedy, + they must thus sadly part. And afterward endured a fearfull storme at sea, + being 14. days or more before y<sup>ey</sup> arived at their porte, in 7. + wherof they neither saw son, moone, nor stars, & were driven near y<sup>e</sup> + coast of Norway; the mariners them selves often despairing of life; and + once with shriks & cries gave over all, as if y<sup>e</sup> ship had + been foundred in y<sup>e</sup> sea, & they sinking without recoverie. + But when mans hope & helpe wholy failed, y<sup>e</sup> Lords power + & mercie appeared in ther recoverie; for y<sup>e</sup> ship rose + againe, & gave y<sup>e</sup> mariners courage againe to manage her. + And if modestie woud suffer me, I might declare with what fervente [10] + prayres they cried unto y<sup>e</sup> Lord in this great distres, + (espetialy some of them,) even without any great distraction, when y<sup>e</sup> + water rane into their mouthes & ears; & the mariners cried out, We + sinke, we sinke; they cried (if not with mirakelous, yet with a great + hight or degree of devine faith), Yet Lord thou canst save, yet Lord thou + canst save; with shuch other expressions as I will forbeare. Upon which y<sup>e</sup> + ship did not only recover, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" + id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>but shortly after y<sup>e</sup> violence of y<sup>e</sup> + storme begane to abate, and y<sup>e</sup> Lord filed their afflicted minds + with shuch comforts as every one can̅ot understand, and in y<sup>e</sup> + end brought them to their desired Haven, wher y<sup>e</sup> people came + flockeing admiring their deliverance, the storme having ben so longe & + sore, in which much hurt had been don, as y<sup>e</sup> masters freinds + related unto him in their congrattulations. + </p> + <p> + But to returne to y<sup>e</sup> others wher we left. The rest of y<sup>e</sup> + men y<sup>t</sup> were in greatest danger, made shift to escape away + before y<sup>e</sup> troope could surprise them; those only staying y<sup>t</sup> + best might, to be assistante unto y<sup>e</sup> women. But pitifull it was + to see y<sup>e</sup> heavie case of these poore women in this distress; + what weeping & crying on every side, some for their husbands, that + were caried away in y<sup>e</sup> ship as is before related; others not + knowing what should become of them, & their litle ones; others againe + melted in teares, seeing their poore litle ones hanging aboute them, + crying for feare, and quaking with could. Being thus aprehended, they were + hurried from one place to another, and from one justice to another, till + in y<sup>e</sup> ende they knew not what to doe with them; for to imprison + so many women & innocent children for no other cause (many of them) + but that they must goe with their husbands, semed to be unreasonable and + all would crie out of them; and to send them home againe was as difficult, + for they aledged, as y<sup>e</sup> trueth was, they had <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span>no homes to + goe to, for they had either sould, or otherwise disposed of their houses + & livings. To be shorte, after they had been thus turmolyed a good + while, and conveyed from one constable to another, they were glad to be + ridd of them in y<sup>e</sup> end upon any termes; for all were wearied + & tired with them. Though in y<sup>e</sup> mean time they (poore + soules) indured miserie enough; and thus in the end necessitie forste a + way for them. + </p> + <p> + But y<sup>t</sup> I be not tedious in these things, I will omitte y<sup>e</sup> + rest, though I might relate many other notable passages and troubles which + they endured & underwente in these their wanderings & travells + both at land & sea; but I hast to [11] other things. Yet I may not + omitte y<sup>e</sup> fruite that came hearby, for by these so publick + troubls, in so many eminente places, their cause became famouss, & + occasioned many to looke into y<sup>e</sup> same; and their godly cariage + & Christian behaviour was such as left a deep impression in the minds + of many. And though some few shrunk at these first conflicts & sharp + beginings, (as it was no marvell,) yet many more came on with fresh + courage, & greatly animated others. And in y<sup>e</sup> end, + notwithstanding all these stormes of oppossition, they all gatt over at + length, some at one time & some at an other, and some in one place + & some in an other, and mette togeather againe according to their + desires, with no small rejoycing. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + <a name="The_3_Chap" id="The_3_Chap"></a>The 3. Chap. + </h3> + <p class="center"> + <i>Of their setling in Holand, & their maner of living, & + entertainmente ther.</i> + </p> + <p> + Being now come into y<sup>e</sup> Low Countries, they saw many goodly + & fortified cities, strongly walled and garded with troopes of armed + men. Also they heard a strange & uncouth language, and beheld y<sup>e</sup> + differente man̅ers & customes of y<sup>e</sup> people, with their + strange fashons and attires; all so farre differing from y<sup>t</sup> of + their plaine countrie villages (wherin they were bred, & had so longe + lived) as it seemed they were come into a new world. But these were not y<sup>e</sup> + things they much looked on, or long tooke up their thoughts; for they had + other work in hand, & an other kind of warr to wage & maintaine. + For though they saw faire & bewtifull cities, flowing with abundance + of all sorts of welth & riches, yet it was not longe before they saw + the grim̅e & grisly face of povertie coming upon them like an + armed man, with whom they must bukle & incounter, and from whom they + could not flye; but they were armed with faith & patience against him, + and all his encounters; and though they were sometimes foyled, yet by Gods + assistance they prevailed and got y<sup>e</sup> victorie. + </p> + <p> + Now when M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson, M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, & other + principall <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span>members + were come over, (for they were of y<sup>e</sup> last, & stayed to help + y<sup>e</sup> weakest over before them,) such things were [12] thought on + as were necessarie for their setling and best ordering of y<sup>e</sup> + church affairs. And when they had lived at Amsterdam aboute a year, M<sup>r</sup>. + Robinson, their pastor, and some others of best discerning, seeing how M<sup>r</sup>. + John Smith and his companie was allready fallen in to contention with y<sup>e</sup> + church y<sup>t</sup> was ther before them, & no means they could use + would doe any good to cure y<sup>e</sup> same, and also that y<sup>e</sup> + flames of contention were like to breake out in y<sup>t</sup> anciente + church it selfe (as affterwards lamentably came to pass); which things + they prudently foreseeing, thought it was best to remove, before they were + any way engaged with y<sup>e</sup> same; though they well knew it would be + much to y<sup>e</sup> prejudice of their outward estats, both at presente + & in licklyhood in y<sup>e</sup> future; as indeed it proved to be. + </p> + <p class="center"> + <i>Their remoovall to Leyden.</i> + </p> + <p> + For these & some other reasons they removed to Leyden, a fair & + bewtifull citie, and of a sweete situation, but made more famous by y<sup>e</sup> + universitie wherwith it is adorned, in which of late had been so many + learned men. But wanting that traffike by sea which Amsterdam injoyes, it + was not so beneficiall for their outward means of living & estats. But + being now hear pitchet they fell to such trads & imployments as they + best <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>could; + valewing peace & their spirituall comforte above any other riches + whatsoever. And at lenght they came to raise a competente & + comforteable living, but with hard and continuall labor. + </p> + <p> + Being thus setled (after many difficulties) they continued many years in a + comfortable condition, injoying much sweete & delightefull societie + & spirituall comforte togeather in y<sup>e</sup> wayes of God, under y<sup>e</sup> + able ministrie, and prudente governmente of M<sup>r</sup>. John Robinson, + & M<sup>r</sup>. William Brewster, who was an assistante unto him in y<sup>e</sup> + place of an Elder, unto which he was now called & chosen by the + church. So as they grew in knowledge & other gifts & graces of y<sup>e</sup> + spirite of God, & lived togeather in peace, & love, and holines; + and many came unto them from diverse parts of England, so as they grew a + great congregation. And if at any time any differences arose, or offences + broak[13] out (as it cannot be, but some time ther will, even amongst y<sup>e</sup> + best of men) they were ever so mete with, and nipt in y<sup>e</sup> head + betims, or otherwise so well composed, as still love, peace, and communion + was continued; or els y<sup>e</sup> church purged of those that were + incurable & incorrigible, when, after much patience used, no other + means would serve, which seldom came to pass. Yea such was y<sup>e</sup> + mutuall love, & reciprocall respecte that this worthy man had to his + flocke, and his flocke to him, that it might be said of them as it once + was of y<sup>t</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>famouse + Emperour Marcus Aurelious,<a name="FNanchor_K_11" id="FNanchor_K_11"></a><a + href="#Footnote_K_11" class="fnanchor">[K]</a> and y<sup>e</sup> people of + Rome, that it was hard to judge wheather he delighted more in haveing + shuch a people, or they in haveing such a pastor. His love was greate + towards them, and his care was all ways bente for their best good, both + for soule and body; for besids his singuler abilities in devine things + (wherin he excelled), he was also very able to give directions in civill + affaires, and to foresee dangers & inconveniences; by w<sup>ch</sup> + means he was very helpfull to their outward estats, & so was every way + as a commone father unto them. And none did more offend him then those + that were close and cleaving to them selves, and retired from y<sup>e</sup> + commōe good; as also such as would be stiffe & riged in matters + of outward order, and invey against y<sup>e</sup> evills of others, and + yet be remisse in them selves, and not so carefull to express a vertuous + conversation. They in like maner had ever a reverente regard unto him, + & had him in precious estimation, as his worth & wisdom did + deserve; and though they esteemed him highly whilst he lived & + laboured amongst them, yet much more after his death, when they came to + feele y<sup>e</sup> wante of his help, and saw (by woefull experience) + what a treasure they had lost, to y<sup>e</sup> greefe of their harts, and + wounding of their sowls; yea such a loss as they saw could not be + repaired; for it was as hard for them to find such another leader and + feeder in all respects, as for y<sup>e</sup> Taborits to find another + Ziska. And though they did not call themselves <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>orphans, as the other did, + after his death, yet they had cause as much to lamente, in another regard, + their present condition, and after usage. But to returne; I know not but + it may be spoken to y<sup>e</sup> honour of God, & without prejudice + [14] to any, that such was y<sup>e</sup> true pietie, y<sup>e</sup> humble + zeale, & fervent love, of this people (whilst they thus lived + together) towards God and his waies, and y<sup>e</sup> single hartednes + & sinceir affection one towards another, that they came as near y<sup>e</sup> + primative patterne of y<sup>e</sup> first churches, as any other church of + these later times have done, according to their ranke & qualitie. + </p> + <p> + But seeing it is not my purpose to treat of y<sup>e</sup> severall + passages that befell this people whilst they thus lived in y<sup>e</sup> + Low Countries, (which might worthily require a large treatise of it + selfe,) but to make way to shew y<sup>e</sup> begining of this plantation, + which is that I aime at; yet because some of their adversaries did, upon y<sup>e</sup> + rumore of their removall, cast out slanders against them, as if that state + had been wearie of them, & had rather driven them out (as y<sup>e</sup> + heathen historians did faine of Moyses & y<sup>e</sup> Isralits when + they went out of Egipte), then y<sup>t</sup> it was their owne free choyse + & motion, I will therfore mention a perticuler or too to shew y<sup>e</sup> + contrary, and the good acceptation they had in y<sup>e</sup> place wher + they lived. And first though many of them weer poore, yet ther was none so + poore, but if they were known to be of y<sup>t</sup> congregation, <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span>the <i>Dutch</i> + (either bakers or others) would trust them in any reasonable matter when y<sup>ey</sup> + wanted money. Because they had found by experience how carfull they were + to keep their word, and saw them so painfull & dilligente in their + callings; yea, they would strive to gett their custome, and to imploy them + above others, in their worke, for their honestie & diligence. + </p> + <p> + Againe; y<sup>e</sup> magistrats of y<sup>e</sup> citie, aboute y<sup>e</sup> + time of their coming away, or a litle before, in y<sup>e</sup> publick + place of justice, gave this comendable testemoney of them, in y<sup>e</sup> + reproofe of the Wallons, who were of y<sup>e</sup> French church in y<sup>t</sup> + citie. These English, said they, have lived amongst us now this 12. years, + and yet we never had any sute or accusation came against any of them; but + your strifs & quarels are continuall, &c. In these times allso + were y<sup>e</sup> great troubls raised by y<sup>e</sup> Arminians, who, + as they greatly mollested y<sup>e</sup> whole state, so this citie in + particuler, in which was y<sup>e</sup> cheefe universitie; so as ther were + dayly & hote disputs in y<sup>e</sup> schooles ther aboute; and as y<sup>e</sup> + studients & other lerned were devided in their oppinions hearin, so + were y<sup>e</sup> 2. proffessors or devinitie readers them selves; the + one daly teaching for it, y<sup>e</sup> other against it. Which grew to + that pass, that few of the discipls of y<sup>e</sup> one would hear y<sup>e</sup> + other teach. But M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson, though he taught thrise a weeke + him selfe, & write sundrie books, besids his manyfould pains + otherwise, yet he went constantly [15] to hear ther readings, <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>and heard y<sup>e</sup> + one as well as y<sup>e</sup> other; by which means he was so well grounded + in y<sup>e</sup> controversie, and saw y<sup>e</sup> force of all their + arguments, and knew y<sup>e</sup> shifts of y<sup>e</sup> adversarie, and + being him selfe very able, none was fitter to buckle with them then him + selfe, as appered by sundrie disputs; so as he begane to be terrible to y<sup>e</sup> + Arminians; which made Episcopius (y<sup>e</sup> Arminian professor) to put + forth his best stringth, and set forth sundrie Theses, which by publick + dispute he would defend against all men. Now Poliander y<sup>e</sup> other + proffessor, and y<sup>e</sup> cheefe preachers of y<sup>e</sup> citie, + desired M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson to dispute against him; but he was loath, + being a stranger; yet the other did importune him, and tould him y<sup>t</sup> + such was y<sup>e</sup> abilitie and nimblnes of y<sup>e</sup> adversarie, + that y<sup>e</sup> truth would suffer if he did not help them. So as he + condescended, & prepared him selfe against the time; and when y<sup>e</sup> + day came, the Lord did so help him to defend y<sup>e</sup> truth & + foyle this adversarie, as he put him to an apparent nonplus, in this great + & publike audience. And y<sup>e</sup> like he did a 2. or 3. time, + upon such like occasions. The which as it caused many to praise God y<sup>t</sup> + the trueth had so famous victory, so it procured him much honour & + respecte from those lerned men & others which loved y<sup>e</sup> + trueth. Yea, so farr were they from being weary of him & his people, + or desiring their absence, as it was said by some, of no mean note, that + were it not for giveing offence to y<sup>e</sup> state <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>of England, + they would have preferd him otherwise if he would, and alowd them some + publike favour. Yea when ther was speech of their remoovall into these + parts, sundrie of note & eminencie of y<sup>t</sup> nation would have + had them come under them, and for y<sup>t</sup> end made them large + offers. Now though I might aledg many other perticulers & examples of + the like kinde, to shew y<sup>e</sup> untruth & unlicklyhode of this + slander, yet these shall suffice, seeing it was beleeved of few, being + only raised by y<sup>e</sup> malice of some, who laboured their disgrace. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + <a name="The_4_Chap" id="The_4_Chap"></a>The 4. Chap. + </h3> + <p class="center"> + <i>Showing y<sup>e</sup> reasons & causes of their remoovall.</i> + </p> + <p> + After they had lived in this citie about some 11. or 12. years, (which is + y<sup>e</sup> more observable being y<sup>e</sup> whole time of y<sup>t</sup> + famose truce between that state & y<sup>e</sup> Spaniards,) and + sundrie of them were taken away by death, & many others begane to be + well striken in years, the grave mistris Experience haveing taught them + many things, [16] those prudent governours with sundrie of y<sup>e</sup> + sagest members begane both deeply to apprehend their present dangers, + & wisely to foresee y<sup>e</sup> future, & thinke of timly + remedy. In y<sup>e</sup> agitation of their thoughts, and much discours of + things hear aboute, at length they began to incline to this conclusion, of + remoovall to some other place. Not out of any newfanglednes, or other such + like giddie humor, by which men are oftentimes transported to their <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>great hurt + & danger, but for sundrie weightie & solid reasons; some of y<sup>e</sup> + cheefe of which I will hear breefly touch. And first, they saw & found + by experience the hardnes of y<sup>e</sup> place & countrie to be + such, as few in comparison would come to them, and fewer that would bide + it out, and continew with them. For many y<sup>t</sup> came to them, and + many more y<sup>t</sup> desired to be with them, could not endure y<sup>t</sup> + great labor and hard fare, with other inconveniences which they underwent + & were contented with. But though they loved their persons, approved + their cause, and honoured their sufferings, yet they left them as it weer + weeping, as Orpah did her mother in law Naomie, or as those Romans did + Cato in Utica, who desired to be excused & borne with, though they + could not all be Catoes. For many, though they desired to injoye y<sup>e</sup> + ordinances of God in their puritie, and y<sup>e</sup> libertie of the + gospell with them, yet, alass, they admitted of bondage, with danger of + conscience, rather then to indure these hardships; yea, some preferred + & chose y<sup>e</sup> prisons in England, rather then this libertie in + Holland, with these afflictions. But it was thought that if a better and + easier place of living could be had, it would draw many, & take away + these discouragments. Yea, their pastor would often say, that many of + those w<sup>o</sup> both wrate & preached now against them, if they + were in a place wher they might have libertie and live comfortably, they + would then practise as they did. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + 2<sup>ly</sup>. They saw that though y<sup>e</sup> people generally bore + all these difficulties very cherfully, & with a resolute courage, + being in y<sup>e</sup> best & strength of their years, yet old age + began to steale on many of them, (and their great & continuall + labours, with other crosses and sorrows, hastened it before y<sup>e</sup> + time,) so as it was not only probably thought, but apparently seen, that + within a few years more they would be in danger to scatter, by necessities + pressing them, or sinke under their burdens, or both. And therfore + according to y<sup>e</sup> devine proverb, y<sup>t</sup> a wise man seeth + y<sup>e</sup> plague when it cometh, & hideth him selfe, Pro. 22. 3., + so they like skillfull & beaten souldiers were fearfull either to be + intrapped or surrounded by their enimies, so as they should neither be + able to fight nor flie; and therfor thought it better to dislodge betimes + to some place of better advantage & less danger, if any such could be + found. [16] Thirdly; as necessitie was a taskmaster over them, so they + were forced to be such, not only to their servants, but in a sorte, to + their dearest chilldren; the which as it did not a litle wound y<sup>e</sup> + tender harts of many a loving father & mother, so it produced likwise + sundrie sad & sorowful effects. For many of their children, that were + of best dispositions and gracious inclinations, haveing lernde to bear y<sup>e</sup> + yoake in their youth, and willing to bear parte of their parents burden, + were, often times, so oppressed with their hevie labours, that though + their minds were free and willing, yet their bodies bowed <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>under y<sup>e</sup> + weight of y<sup>e</sup> same, and became decreped in their early youth; + the vigor of nature being consumed in y<sup>e</sup> very budd as it were. + But that which was more lamentable, and of all sorowes most heavie to be + borne, was that many of their children, by these occasions, and y<sup>e</sup> + great licentiousnes of youth in y<sup>t</sup> countrie, and y<sup>e</sup> + manifold temptations of the place, were drawne away by evill examples into + extravagante & dangerous courses, getting y<sup>e</sup> raines off + their neks, & departing from their parents. Some became souldiers, + others tooke upon them farr viages by sea, and other some worse courses, + tending to dissolutnes & the danger of their soules, to y<sup>e</sup> + great greefe of their parents and dishonour of God. So that they saw their + posteritie would be in danger to degenerate & be corrupted. + </p> + <p> + Lastly, (and which was not least,) a great hope & inward zeall they + had of laying some good foundation, or at least to make some way therunto, + for y<sup>e</sup> propagating & advancing y<sup>e</sup> gospell of y<sup>e</sup> + kingdom of Christ in those remote parts of y<sup>e</sup> world; yea, + though they should be but even as stepping-stones unto others for y<sup>e</sup> + performing of so great a work. + </p> + <p> + These, & some other like reasons, moved them to undertake this + resolution of their removall; the which they afterward prosecuted with so + great difficulties, as by the sequell will appeare. + </p> + <p> + The place they had thoughts on was some of those vast & unpeopled + countries of America, which are frutfull <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span>& fitt for habitation, + being devoyd of all civill inhabitants, wher ther are only salvage & + brutish men, which range up and downe, litle otherwise then y<sup>e</sup> + wild beasts of the same. This proposition being made publike and coming to + y<sup>e</sup> scaning of all, it raised many variable opinions amongst + men, and caused many fears & doubts amongst them selves. Some, from + their reasons & hops conceived, laboured to stirr up & incourage + the rest to undertake & prosecute y<sup>e</sup> same; others, againe, + out of their fears, objected against it, & sought to diverte from it, + aledging many things, and those neither unreasonable nor unprobable; as + that it was a great designe, and subjecte to many unconceivable perills + & dangers; as, besids the casulties of y<sup>e</sup> seas (which none + can be freed from) the length of y<sup>e</sup> vioage was such, as y<sup>e</sup> + weake bodys of women and other persons worne out with age & traville + (as many of them were) could never be able to endure. And yet if they + should, the miseries of y<sup>e</sup> land which they should be [17] + exposed unto, would be to hard to be borne; and lickly, some or all of + them togeither, to consume & utterly to ruinate them. For ther they + should be liable to famine, and nakednes, & y<sup>e</sup> wante, in a + maner, of all things. The chang of aire, diate, & drinking of water, + would infecte their bodies with sore sickneses, and greevous diseases. And + also those which should escape or overcome these difficulties, should yett + be in continuall danger of y<sup>e</sup> salvage people, who are <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>cruell, + barbarous, & most trecherous, being most furious in their rage, and + merciles wher they overcome; not being contente only to kill, & take + away life, but delight to tormente men in y<sup>e</sup> most bloodie man̅er + that may be; fleaing some alive with y<sup>e</sup> shells of fishes, + cutting of y<sup>e</sup> members & joynts of others by peesmeale, and + broiling on y<sup>e</sup> coles, eate y<sup>e</sup> collops of their flesh + in their sight whilst they live; with other cruelties horrible to be + related. And surely it could not be thought but y<sup>e</sup> very hearing + of these things could not but move y<sup>e</sup> very bowels of men to + grate within them, and make y<sup>e</sup> weake to quake & tremble. It + was furder objected, that it would require greater sum̅es of money to + furnish such a voiage, and to fitt them with necessaries, then their + consumed estats would amounte too; and yett they must as well looke to be + seconded with supplies, as presently to be trāsported. Also many + presidents of ill success, & lamentable misseries befalne others in + the like designes, were easie to be found, and not forgotten to be + aledged; besids their owne experience, in their former troubles & + hardships in their removall into Holand, and how hard a thing it was for + them to live in that strange place, though it was a neighbour countrie, + & a civill and rich comone wealth. + </p> + <p> + It was answered, that all great & honourable actions are accompanied + with great difficulties, and must be both enterprised and overcome with + answerable courages. It was granted y<sup>e</sup> dangers were great, but + not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span>desperate; + the difficulties were many, but not invincible. For though their were many + of them likly, yet they were not cartaine; it might be sundrie of y<sup>e</sup> + things feared might never befale; others by providente care & y<sup>e</sup> + use of good means, might in a great measure be prevented; and all of them, + through y<sup>e</sup> help of God, by fortitude and patience, might either + be borne, or overcome. True it was, that such atempts were not to be made + and undertaken without good ground & reason; not rashly or lightly as + many have done for curiositie or hope of gaine, &c. But their + condition was not ordinarie; their ends were good & honourable; their + calling lawfull, & urgente; and therfore they might expecte y<sup>e</sup> + blessing of God in their proceding. Yea, though they should loose their + lives in this action, yet might they have comforte in the same, and their + endeavors would be honourable. They lived hear but as men in exile, & + in a poore condition; and as great miseries might possibly befale them in + this place, for y<sup>e</sup> 12. years of truce were now out, & ther + was nothing but beating of drumes, and preparing for warr, the events + wherof are allway uncertaine. Y<sup>e</sup> Spaniard might prove as cruell + as [18] the salvages of America, and y<sup>e</sup> famine and pestelence + as sore hear as ther, & their libertie less to looke out for remedie. + After many other perticuler things answered & aledged on both sids, it + was fully concluded by y<sup>e</sup> major parte, to put this designe in + execution, and to prosecute it by the best means they could. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + <a name="The_5_Chap" id="The_5_Chap"></a>The 5. Chap. + </h3> + <p class="center"> + <i>Shewing what means they used for preparation to this waightie vioag.</i> + </p> + <p> + And first after thir humble praiers unto God for his direction & + assistance, & a generall conferrence held hear aboute, they consulted + what perticuler place to pitch upon, & prepare for. Some (& none + of y<sup>e</sup> meanest) had thoughts & were ernest for Guiana, or + some of those fertill places in those hott climats; others were for some + parts of Virginia, wher y<sup>e</sup> English had all ready made + enterance, & begining. Those for Guiana aledged that the cuntrie was + rich, fruitfull, & blessed with a perpetuall spring, and a florishing + greenes; where vigorous nature brought forth all things in abundance & + plentie without any great labour or art of man. So as it must needs make y<sup>e</sup> + inhabitants rich, seing less provisions of clothing and other things would + serve, then in more coulder & less frutfull countries must be had. As + also y<sup>t</sup> the Spaniards (having much more then they could + possess) had not yet planted there, nor any where very near y<sup>e</sup> + same. But to this it was answered, that out of question y<sup>e</sup> + countrie was both frutfull and pleasante, and might yeeld riches & + maintenance to y<sup>e</sup> possessors, more easily then y<sup>e</sup> + other; yet, other things considered, <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span>it would not be so fitt for + them. And first, y<sup>t</sup> such hott countries are subject to greevuos + diseases, and many noysome impediments, which other more temperate places + are freer from, and would not so well agree with our English bodys. + Againe, if they should ther live, & doe well, the jealous Spaniard + would never suffer them long, but would displante or overthrow them, as he + did y<sup>e</sup> French in Florida, who were seated furder from his + richest countries; and the sooner because they should have none to protect + them, & their owne strength would be too smale to resiste so potent an + enemie, & so neare a neighbor. + </p> + <p> + On y<sup>e</sup> other hand, for Virginia it was objected, that if they + lived among y<sup>e</sup> English w<sup>ch</sup> wear ther planted, or so + near them as to be under their goverment, they should be in as great + danger to be troubled and persecuted for the cause of religion, as if they + lived in England, and it might be worse. And if they lived too farr of, + they should neither have succour, nor defence from them. + </p> + <p> + But at length y<sup>e</sup> conclusion was, to live as a distincte body by + them selves, under y<sup>e</sup> generall Goverment of Virginia; and by + their freinds to sue to his majestie that he would be pleased to grant + them freedome of Religion; and y<sup>t</sup> this might be obtained, they + wear putt in good hope by some great persons, of good ranke & + qualitie, that were made their freinds. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>Whereupon 2. were chosen [19] + & sent in to England (at y<sup>e</sup> charge of y<sup>e</sup> rest) + to sollicite this matter, who found the Virginia Company very desirous to + have them goe thither, and willing to grante them a patent, with as ample + priviliges as they had, or could grant to any, and to give them the best + furderance they could. And some of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of y<sup>t</sup> + company douted not to obtaine their suite of y<sup>e</sup> king for + liberty in Religion, and to have it confirmed under y<sup>e</sup> kings + broad seale, according to their desires. But it prooved a harder peece of + worke then they tooke it for; for though many means were used to bring it + aboute, yet it could not be effected; for ther were diverse of good worth + laboured with the king to obtaine it, (amongst whom was one of his cheefe + secretaries,<a name="FNanchor_L_12" id="FNanchor_L_12"></a><a + href="#Footnote_L_12" class="fnanchor">[L]</a>) and some other wrought + with y<sup>e</sup> archbishop to give way therunto; but it proved all in + vaine. Yet thus farr they prevailed, in sounding his majesties mind, that + he would connive at them, & not molest them, provided they carried + them selves peacably. But to allow or tolerate them by his publick + authoritie, under his seale, they found it would not be. And this was all + the cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> Virginia companie or any other of their best + freinds could doe in the case. Yet they perswaded them to goe on, for they + presumed they should not be troubled. And with this answer y<sup>e</sup> + messengers returned, and signified what diligence had bene used, and to + what issue things were come. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" + id="Page_39">[39]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + But this made a dampe in y<sup>e</sup> busines, and caused some + distraction, for many were afraid that if they should unsetle them selves, + & put of their estates, and goe upon these hopes, it might prove + dangerous, and but a sandie foundation. Yea, it was thought they might + better have presumed hear upon without makeing any suite at all, then, + haveing made it, to be thus rejected. But some of y<sup>e</sup> cheefest + thought other wise, and y<sup>t</sup> they might well proceede hereupon, + & that y<sup>e</sup> kings majestie was willing enough to suffer them + without molestation, though for other reasons he would not confirme it by + any publick acte. And furdermore, if ther was no securitie in this promise + intimated, ther would be no great certainty in a furder confirmation of y<sup>e</sup> + same; for if after wards ther should be a purpose or desire to wrong them, + though they had a seale as broad as y<sup>e</sup> house flore, it would + not serve y<sup>e</sup> turne; for ther would be means enew found to + recall or reverse it. Seeing therfore the course was probable, they must + rest herein on Gods providence, as they had done in other things. + </p> + <p> + Upon this resolution, other messengers were dispatched, to end with y<sup>e</sup> + Virginia Company as well as they could. And to procure [20] a patent with + as good and ample conditions as they might by any good means obtaine. As + also to treate and conclude with such merchants and other freinds as had + manifested <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span>their + forwardnes to provoke too and adventure in this vioage. For which end they + had instructions given them upon what conditions they should proceed with + them, or els to conclude nothing without further advice. And here it will + be requisite to inserte a letter or too that may give light to these + proceedings. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>A coppie of leter from Sir Edwin Sands, directed to M<sup>r</sup>. + John Robinson & M<sup>r</sup>. William Brewster.</i> + </p> + <p> + After my hartie salutations. The agents of your congregation, Robert + Cushman & John Carver, have been in com̅unication with diverse + selecte gentlemen of his Majesties Counsell for Virginia; and by y<sup>e</sup> + writing of 7. Articles subscribed with your names, have given them y<sup>t</sup> + good degree of satisfaction, which hath caried them on with a resolution + to sett forward your desire in y<sup>e</sup> best sorte y<sup>t</sup> + may be, for your owne & the publick good. Divers perticulers wherof + we leave to their faithfull reporte; having carried them selves heere + with that good discretion, as is both to their owne and their credite + from whence they came. And wheras being to treate for a multitude of + people, they have requested further time to conferr with them that are + to be interessed in this action, aboute y<sup>e</sup> severall + particularities which in y<sup>e</sup> prosecution therof will fall out + considerable, it hath been very willingly assented too. And so they doe + now returne unto you. If therfore it may please God so to directe your + desires as that on your parts ther fall out no just impediments, I trust + by y<sup>e</sup> same direction it shall likewise appear, that on our + parte, all forwardnes to set you forward shall be found in the best + sorte which with reason may be expected. And so I betake you with this + designe (w<sup>ch</sup> I hope verily is y<sup>e</sup> worke of God), to + the gracious protection and blessing of the Highest. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your very loving freind + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Edwin Sandys.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + London, Noṽb<sup>r</sup> 12. + </div> + <div class="ltr_dp_lt"> + An<sup>o</sup> 1617. + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> + </p> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>Their answer was as foloweth.</i> + </p> + <p> + Righte Wor<sup>pl</sup>: + </p> + <p> + Our humble duties remembred, in our owne, our messengers, and our + churches name, with all thankfull acknowledgmente of your singuler love, + expressing [21] itselfe, as otherwise, so more spetially in your great + care and earnest endeavor of our good in this weightie bussines aboute + Virginia, which y<sup>e</sup> less able we are to requite, we shall + thinke our selves the more bound to commend in our prayers unto God for + recompence; whom, as for y<sup>e</sup> presente you rightly behould in + our indeavors, so shall we not be wanting on our parts (the same God + assisting us) to returne all answerable fruite, and respecte unto y<sup>e</sup> + labour of your love bestowed upon us. We have with y<sup>e</sup> best + speed and consideration withall that we could, sett downe our requests + in writing, subscribed, as you willed, w<sup>th</sup> the hands of y<sup>e</sup> + greatest parte of our congregation, and have sente y<sup>e</sup> same + unto y<sup>e</sup> Counsell by our agente, & a deacon of our church, + John Carver, unto whom we have also requested a gentleman of our company + to adyone him selfe; to the care & discretion of which two, we doe + referr y<sup>e</sup> prosecuting of y<sup>e</sup> bussines. Now we + perswade our selves Right Wor<sup>pp</sup>: that we need not provoke + your godly & loving minde to any further or more tender care of us, + since you have pleased so farr to interest us in your selfe, that, under + God, above all persons and things in the world, we relye upon you, + expecting the care of your love, counsell of your wisdome, & the + help & countenance of your authority. Notwithstanding, for your + encouragmente in y<sup>e</sup> worke, so farr as probabilities may + leade, we will not forbeare to mention these instances of indusmente. + </p> + <p> + 1. We veryly beleeve & trust y<sup>e</sup> Lord is with us, unto + whom & whose service we have given our selves in many trialls; and + that he will graciously prosper our indeavours according to y<sup>e</sup> + simplicitie of our harts therin. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" + id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + 2<sup>ly</sup>. We are well weaned from y<sup>e</sup> delicate milke of + our mother countrie, and enured to y<sup>e</sup> difficulties of a + strange and hard land, which yet in a great parte we have by patience + overcome. + </p> + <p> + 3<sup>ly</sup>. The people are for the body of them, industrious, & + frugall, we thinke we may safly say, as any company of people in the + world. + </p> + <p> + 4<sup>ly</sup>. We are knite togeather as a body in a most stricte & + sacred bond and covenante of the Lord, of the violation<a + name="FNanchor_M_13" id="FNanchor_M_13"></a><a href="#Footnote_M_13" + class="fnanchor">[M]</a> wherof we make great conscience, and by vertue + wherof we doe hould our selves straitly tied to all care of each others + good, and of y<sup>e</sup> whole by every one and so mutually. + </p> + <p> + 5. Lastly, it is not with us as with other men, whom small things can + discourage, or small discontentments cause to wish them selves at home + againe. We knowe our entertainmente in England, and in Holand; we shall + much prejudice both our arts & means by removall; who, if we should + be driven to returne, we should not hope to recover our present helps + and comforts, neither indeed looke ever, for our selves, to attaine unto + y<sup>e</sup> like in any other place during our lives, w<sup>ch</sup> + are now drawing towards their periods. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>[22] + These motives we have been bould to tender unto you, which you in your + wisdome may also imparte to any other our wor<sup>pp</sup>: freinds of y<sup>e</sup> + Counsell with you; of all whose godly dispossition and loving towards + our despised persons, we are most glad, & shall not faile by all + good means to continue & increase y<sup>e</sup> same. We will not be + further troublesome, but doe, with y<sup>e</sup> renewed remembrance of + our humble duties to your Wor<sup>pp</sup>: and (so farr as in modestie + we may be bould) to any other of our wellwillers of the Counsell with + you, we take our leaves, com̅iting your persons and counsels to y<sup>e</sup> + guidance and direction of the Almighty. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Yours much bounden in all duty, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Robinson, </span> + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">William Brewster.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Leyden, Desem: 15. + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + An<sup>o</sup>: 1617. + </div> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <p> + For further light in these proceedings see some other letters & notes + as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>The coppy of a letter sent to S<sup>r</sup>. John Worssenham.</i> + </p> + <p> + Right Wor<sup>pll</sup>: with due acknowledgmente of our thankfullnse + for your singular care & pains in the bussines of Virginia, for our, + &, we hope, the com̅one good, we doe remember our humble dutys + unto you, and have sent inclosed, as is required, a further explanation + of our judgments in the 3. points specified by some of his majesties Hon<sup>bl</sup> + Privie Counsell; and though it be greevious unto us that such unjust + insinuations are made against us, yet we are most glad of y<sup>e</sup> + occasion of making our just purgation unto so honourable personages. The + declarations we have sent inclosed, the one more breefe & generall, + which we thinke y<sup>e</sup> fitter to be presented; the other + something more large, and in which we express some smale accidentall + differances, which if it seeme good unto you and other of our wor<sup>pl</sup> + freinds, you may send in stead of y<sup>e</sup> former. Our prayers + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span>unto + God is, y<sup>t</sup> your Wor<sup>pp</sup> may see the frute of your + worthy endeaours, which on our parts we shall not faile to furder by all + good means in us. And so praing y<sup>t</sup> you would please with y<sup>e</sup> + convenientest speed y<sup>t</sup> may be, to give us knowledge of y<sup>e</sup> + success of y<sup>e</sup> bussines with his majesties Privie Counsell, + and accordingly what your further pleasure is, either for our direction + or furtherance in y<sup>e</sup> same, so we rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your Wor<sup>pp</sup> in all duty, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Robinson, </span> + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">William Brewster.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Leyden, Jan: 27. + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + An<sup>o</sup>: 1617. old stile. + </div> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>The first breefe note was this.</i> + </p> + <p> + Touching y<sup>e</sup> Ecclesiasticall ministrie, namly of pastores for + teaching, elders for ruling, & deacons for distributing y<sup>e</sup> + churches contribution, as allso for y<sup>e</sup> too Sacrements, + baptisme, and y<sup>e</sup> Lords supper, we doe wholy and in all points + agree [23] with y<sup>e</sup> French reformed churches, according to + their publick confession of faith. + </p> + <p> + The oath of Supremacie we shall willingly take if it be required of us, + and that conveniente satisfaction be not given by our taking y<sup>e</sup> + oath of Alleagence. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">John Rob:</span> + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">William Brewster.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>Y<sup>e</sup> 2. was this.</i> + </p> + <p> + Touching y<sup>e</sup> Ecclesiasticall ministrie, &c. as in y<sup>e</sup> + former, we agree in all things with the French reformed churches, + according to their publick confession of faith; though some small + differences be to be found in our practises, not at all in y<sup>e</sup> + substance of the things, but only in some accidentall circumstances. + </p> + <p> + 1. As first, their ministers doe pray with their heads covered; ours + uncovered. + </p> + <p> + 2. We chose none for Governing Elders but such as are able to teach; + which abilitie they doe not require. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + 3. Their elders & deacons are anūall, or at most for 2. or 3. + years; ours perpetuall. + </p> + <p> + 4. Our elders doe administer their office in admonitions & + excommunications for publick scandals, publickly & before y<sup>e</sup> + congregation; theirs more privately, & in their consistories. + </p> + <p> + 5. We doe administer baptisme only to such infants as wherof y<sup>e</sup> + one parente, at y<sup>e</sup> least, is of some church, which some of + ther churches doe not observe; though in it our practice accords with + their publick confession and y<sup>e</sup> judgmente of y<sup>e</sup> + most larned amongst them. + </p> + <p> + Other differences, worthy mentioning, we know none in these points. Then + aboute y<sup>e</sup> oath, as in y<sup>e</sup> former. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:7em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Subscribed, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John R.</span> + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">W. B. </span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>Part of another letter from him that delivered these.</i> + </p> + <p> + London. Feb: 14.<br /> 1617.<br /> + </p> + <p> + Your letter to S<sup>r</sup>. John Worstenholme I delivered allmost as + soone as I had it, to his owne hands, and staid with him y<sup>e</sup> + opening & reading. Ther were 2. papers inclosed, he read them to him + selfe, as also y<sup>e</sup> letter, and in y<sup>e</sup> reading he + spake to me & said, Who shall make them? viz. y<sup>e</sup> + ministers; I answered his Wor<sup>pp</sup> that y<sup>e</sup> power of + making was in y<sup>e</sup> church, to be ordained by y<sup>e</sup> + imposition of hands, by y<sup>e</sup> fittest instruments they had. It + must either be in y<sup>e</sup> church or from y<sup>e</sup> pope, & + y<sup>e</sup> pope is Antichrist. Ho! said S<sup>r</sup>. John, what y<sup>e</sup> + pope houlds good, (as in y<sup>e</sup> Trinitie,) that we doe well to + assente too; but, said he, we will not enter into dispute now. And as + for your letters he would not show them at any hand, least he should + spoyle all. He expected you should have been of y<sup>e</sup> archbp̃ + minde for y<sup>e</sup> calling of ministers, but it seems you differed. + I could have wished to have known y<sup>e</sup> contents of <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span>your tow + inclosed, at w<sup>ch</sup> he stuck so much, espetially y<sup>e</sup> + larger. I asked his Wor<sup>p</sup> what good news he had for me to + write to morrow. He tould me very good news, for both the kings majestie + and y<sup>e</sup> bishops have consented. He said he would goe to M<sup>r</sup>. + Chancelor, S<sup>r</sup>. Fulk Grivell, as this day, & nexte weeke I + should know more. I mett S<sup>r</sup>. Edw: Sands on Wedensday night; + he wished me to be at the Virginia Courte y<sup>e</sup> nexte Wedensday, + wher I purpose to be. Thus loath to be troublsome at present, I hope to + have somewhate nexte week of certentie concerning you. I com̅itte + you to y<sup>e</sup> Lord. Yours, + </p> + <p class="ltr_sig"> + S. B. + </p> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <p> + [24] These things being long in agitation, & messengers passing too + and againe aboute them, after all their hopes they were long delayed by + many rubs that fell in y<sup>e</sup> way; for at y<sup>e</sup> returne of + these messengers into England they found things farr otherwise then they + expected. For y<sup>e</sup> Virginia Counsell was now so disturbed with + factions and quarrels amongst them selves, as no bussines could well goe + forward. The which may the better appear in one of the messengers letters + as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + To his loving freinds, &c. + </p> + <p> + I had thought long since to have write unto you, but could not effecte y<sup>t</sup> + which I aimed at, neither can yet sett things as I wished; yet, + notwithstanding, I doubt not but M<sup>r</sup>. B. hath writen to M<sup>r</sup>. + Robinson. But I thinke my selfe bound also to doe something, least I be + thought to neglecte you. The maine hinderance of our proseedings in y<sup>e</sup> + Virginia bussines, is the dissentions and factions, as they terme it, + amongs y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span>Counsell + & Company of Virginia; which are such, as that ever since we came up + no busines could by them be dispatched. The occasion of this trouble + amongst them is, for that a while since S<sup>r</sup>. Thomas Smith, + repining at his many offices & troubls, wished y<sup>e</sup> Company + of Virginia to ease him of his office in being Treasurer & Gover<sup>r</sup>. + of y<sup>e</sup> Virginia Company. Wereupon y<sup>e</sup> Company tooke + occasion to dismisse him, and chose S<sup>r</sup>. Edwin Sands Treasure<sup>r</sup> + & Gover<sup>r</sup> of y<sup>e</sup> Company. He having 60. voyces, + S<sup>r</sup>. John Worstenholme 16. voices, and Alderman Johnsone 24. + But S<sup>r</sup>. Thomas Smith, when he saw some parte of his honour + lost, was very angrie, & raised a faction to cavill & contend + aboute y<sup>e</sup> election, and sought to taxe S<sup>r</sup>. Edwin + with many things that might both disgrace him, and allso put him by his + office of Governour. In which contentions they yet stick, and are not + fit nor readie to intermedle in any bussines; and what issue things will + come to we are not yet certaine. It is most like S<sup>r</sup>. Edwin + will carrie it away, and if he doe, things will goe well in Virginia; if + otherwise, they will goe ill enough allways. We hope in some 2. or 3. + Court days things will setle. Mean space I thinke to goe downe into + Kente, & come up againe aboute 14. days, or 3. weeks hence; except + either by these afforesaid contentions, or by y<sup>e</sup> ille tidings + from Virginia, we be wholy discouraged, of which tidings I am now to + speake. + </p> + <p> + Captaine Argoll is come home this weeke (he upon notice of y<sup>e</sup> + intente of y<sup>e</sup> Counsell, came away before S<sup>r</sup>. Georg + Yeardley came ther, and so ther is no small dissention). But his tidings + are ill, though his person be wellcome. He saith M<sup>r</sup>. + Blackwells shipe came not ther till March, but going towards winter, + they had still norwest winds, which carried them to the southward beyond + their course. And y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup> of y<sup>e</sup> ship + & some 6. of y<sup>e</sup> mariners dieing, it seemed they could not + find y<sup>e</sup> bay, till after long seeking & beating aboute. M<sup>r</sup>. + Blackwell is dead, & M<sup>r</sup>. Maggner, y<sup>e</sup> Captain; + yea, ther are <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span>dead, + he saith, 130. persons, one & other in y<sup>t</sup> ship; it is + said ther was in all an 180. persons in y<sup>e</sup> ship, so as they + were packed togeather like herings. They had amongst them y<sup>e</sup> + fluxe, and allso wante of fresh water; so as it is hear rather wondred + at y<sup>t</sup> so many are alive, then that so many are dead. The + marchants hear say it was M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwells faulte to pack so + many in y<sup>e</sup> ship; yea, & ther were great mutterings & + repinings amongst them, and upbraiding of M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell, for + his dealing and dispossing of them, when they saw how he had dispossed + of them, & how he insulted over them. Yea, y<sup>e</sup> streets at + Gravsend runge of their extreame quarrelings, crying out one of another, + Thou hast brought me to this, and, I may thanke the for this. Heavie + newes it is, and I would be glad to heare how farr it will discourage. I + see none hear discouraged much, [25] but rather desire to larne to + beware by other mens harmes, and to amend that wherin they have failed. + As we desire to serve one another in love, so take heed of being + inthraled by any imperious persone, espetially if they be discerned to + have an eye to them selves. It doth often trouble me to thinke that in + this bussines we are all to learne and none to teach; but better so, + then to depend upon such teachers as M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell was. Such + a strategeme he once made for M<sup>r</sup>. Johnson & his people at + Emden, w<sup>ch</sup> was their subversion. But though he ther clenlily + (yet unhonstly) plucked his neck out of y<sup>e</sup> collar, yet at + last his foote is caught. Hear are no letters come, y<sup>e</sup> ship + captain Argole came in is yet in y<sup>e</sup> west parts; all y<sup>t</sup> + we hear is but his report; it seemeth he came away secretly. The ship y<sup>t</sup> + M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell went in will be hear shortly. It is as M<sup>r</sup>. + Robinson once said; he thought we should hear no good of them. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. B. is not well at this time; whether he will come back to + you or goe into y<sup>e</sup> north, I yet know not. For my selfe, I + hope to see an end of this bussines ere I come, though I am sorie to be + thus from you; if things had gone roundly forward, <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span>I should have been with you + within these 14. days. I pray God directe us, and give us that spirite + which is fitting for such a bussines. Thus having sum̅arily pointed + at things w<sup>ch</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster (I thinke) hath more + largly write of to M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson, I leave you to the Lords + protection. + </p> + <table summary="signature block positioning" width="80%"> + <tr> + <td> + Yours in all readines, &c. + </td> + <td align="right"> + London, May 8. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + <span class="smcap">Robart Cushman.</span> + </td> + <td align="right"> + An<sup>o</sup>: 1619. + </td> + </tr> + </table> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <p> + A word or tow by way of digression touching this M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell; + he was an elder of y<sup>e</sup> church at Amsterdam, a man well known of + most of them. He declined from y<sup>e</sup> trueth w<sup>th</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. + Johnson & y<sup>e</sup> rest, and went with him when y<sup>ey</sup> + parted assunder in y<sup>t</sup> wofull maner, w<sup>ch</sup> brought so + great dishonour to God, scandall to y<sup>e</sup> trueth, & outward + ruine to them selves in this world. But I hope, notwithstanding, through y<sup>e</sup> + mercies of y<sup>e</sup> Lord, their souls are now at rest with him in y<sup>e</sup> + heavens, and y<sup>t</sup> they are arrived in y<sup>e</sup> Haven of + hapines; though some of their bodies were thus buried in y<sup>e</sup> + terrable seas, and others sunke under y<sup>e</sup> burthen of bitter + afflictions. He with some others had prepared for to goe to Virginia. And + he, with sundrie godly citizens, being at a private meēing (I take it + a fast) in London, being discovered, many of them were apprehended, wherof + M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell was one; but he so glosed w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> + bp̃s,<a name="FNanchor_N_14" id="FNanchor_N_14"></a><a + href="#Footnote_N_14" class="fnanchor">[N]</a> and either dissembled or + flatly denyed y<sup>e</sup> trueth which formerly he had maintained; and + not only so, but very unworthily betrayed and <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>accused another godly man who + had escaped, that so he might slip his own neck out of y<sup>e</sup> + collar, & to obtaine his owne freedome brought others into bonds. + Wherupon he so wone y<sup>e</sup> bp̃s favour (but lost y<sup>e</sup> + Lord's) as he was not only dismiste, but in open courte y<sup>e</sup> + arch-bishop gave him great applause and his sollemne blessing to proseed + in his vioage. But if such events follow y<sup>e</sup> bp̃s blessing, + happie are they y<sup>t</sup> misse y<sup>e</sup> same; it is much better + to keepe a good conscience and have y<sup>e</sup> Lords blessing, whether + in life or death. + </p> + <p> + But see how y<sup>e</sup> man thus apprehended by M<sup>r</sup>. + Blackwells means, writs to a freind of his. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Right dear friend & christian brother, <i>M<sup>r</sup>. Carver</i>, + I salute you & yours in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, &c. As for my owne + presente condition, I doubt not but you well understand it ere this by + our brother Maistersone, who should have tasted of y<sup>e</sup> same + cupp, had his place of residence & his person been as well knowne as + my selfe. Some what I have written to <i>M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman</i> how + y<sup>e</sup> matter <i>still continues</i>. I have petitioned <i>twise</i> + to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherives, and <i>once</i> to my Lord Cooke, and have + used such reasons to move them to pittie, that if they were not + overruled by some others, I suppose I should soone gaine my libertie; as + that I was a yonge man living by my [26] credite, indebted to diverse in + our citie, living at more then ordinarie charges in a close & + tedious prison; besids great rents abroad, all my bussines lying still, + my only servante lying lame in y<sup>e</sup> countrie, my wife being + also great with child. And yet no answer till y<sup>e</sup> lords of his + majesties Counsell gave consente. Howbeit, M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell, a + man as deepe in this action as I, was delivered at a cheaper rate, with + a great deale less adoe; yea, with an addition of y<sup>e</sup> Archp̃: + blessing. I am sorie for M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwels weaknes, I <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>wish it + may prove no worse. But yet he & some others of them, <i>before + their going</i>, were not sorie, but thought it was for y<sup>e</sup> + best that I was nominated, not because y<sup>e</sup> Lord sanctifies + evill to good, but that y<sup>e</sup> action was good, yea for y<sup>e</sup> + best. One reason I well remember he used was, because this trouble would + encrease y<sup>e</sup> Virginia plantation, in that now people begane to + be more generally inclined to goe; and if he had not nomminated some + such as I, he had not bene free, being it was knowne that diverse + citizens besids them selves were ther. I expecte an answer shortly what + they intende conscerning me; I purpose to write to some others of you, + by whom you shall know the certaintie. Thus not haveing further at + present to acquaint you withall, com̅ending myselfe to your prairs, + I cease, & com̅itte you and us all to y<sup>e</sup> Lord. + </p> + <div class="left"> + <br />From my chamber in Wodstreete Compter. + </div> + <div class="center"> + Your freind, & brother in bonds, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Sabin Staresmore.</span> + </div> + <div class="left"> + Sept<sup>r</sup>: 4. An<sup>o</sup>: 1618. + </div> + </div> + <p> + But thus much by y<sup>e</sup> way, which may be of instruction & good + use. + </p> + <p> + But at last, after all these things, and their long attendance, they had a + patent granted them, and confirmed under y<sup>e</sup> Companies seale; + but these devissions and distractions had shaken of many of ther pretended + freinds, and disappointed them of much of their hoped for & proffered + means. By the advise of some freinds this pattente was not taken in y<sup>e</sup> + name of any of their owne, but in y<sup>e</sup> name of Mr. John Wincob (a + religious gentleman then belonging to y<sup>e</sup> Countess of + Lincoline), who intended to goe with them. But God so disposed <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span>as he never + went, nor they ever made use of this patente, which had cost them so much + labour and charge, as by y<sup>e</sup> sequell will appeare. This patente + being sente over for them to veiw & consider, as also the passages + aboute y<sup>e</sup> propossitions between them & such marchants & + freinds as should either goe or adventure with them, and espetially with + those<a name="FNanchor_O_15" id="FNanchor_O_15"></a><a + href="#Footnote_O_15" class="fnanchor">[O]</a> on whom y<sup>ey</sup> did + cheefly depend for shipping and means, whose proffers had been large, they + were requested to fitt and prepare them selves with all speed. A right + emblime, it may be, of y<sup>e</sup> uncertine things of this world; y<sup>t</sup> + when men have toyld them selves for them, they vanish into smoke. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + <a name="The_6_Chap" id="The_6_Chap"></a>The 6. Chap. + </h3> + <p> + <i>Conscerning y<sup>e</sup> agreements and artickles between them, and + such marchants & others as adventured moneys; with other things + falling out aboute making their provissions.</i> + </p> + <p> + Upon y<sup>e</sup> receite of these things by one of their messengers, + they had a sollemne meeting and a day of humilliation to seeke y<sup>e</sup> + Lord for his direction; and their pastor tooke this texte, 1 <i>Sam</i>. + 23. 3, 4. <i>And David's men said unto him, see, we be afraid hear in + Judah, how much more if we come to Keilah against the host of the + Phillistines? Then David asked counsell of y<sup>e</sup> Lord againe, + &c.</i> From which texte he taught <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>many things very aptly, and + befitting ther present occasion and condition, strengthing them against + their fears and perplexities, and incouraging them in their resolutions. + [27] After which they concluded both what number and what persons should + prepare them selves to goe with y<sup>e</sup> first; for all y<sup>t</sup> + were willing to have gone could not gett ready for their other affairs in + so shorte a time; neither if all could have been ready, had ther been + means to have trasported them alltogeather. Those that staied being y<sup>e</sup> + greater number required y<sup>e</sup> pastor to stay with them; and + indeede for other reasons he could not then well goe, and so it was y<sup>e</sup> + more easilie yeelded unto. The other then desired y<sup>e</sup> elder, M<sup>r</sup>. + Brewster, to goe with them, which was also condescended unto. It was also + agreed on by mutuall consente and covenante, that those that went should + be an absolute church of them selves, as well as those y<sup>t</sup> + staid; seing in such a dangrous vioage, and a removall to such a distance, + it might come to pass they should (for y<sup>e</sup> body of them) never + meete againe in this world; yet with this proviso, that as any of y<sup>e</sup> + rest came over to them, or of y<sup>e</sup> other returned upon occasion, + they should be reputed as members without any further dismission or + testimoniall. It was allso promised to those y<sup>t</sup> wente first, by + y<sup>e</sup> body of y<sup>e</sup> rest, that if y<sup>e</sup> Lord gave + them life, & meās, & opportunitie, they would come to them as + soone as they could. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + Aboute this time, whilst they were perplexed with y<sup>e</sup> + proseedings of y<sup>e</sup> Virginia Company, & y<sup>e</sup> ill + news from thence aboute M<sup>r</sup>. Blackwell & his company, and + making inquirey about y<sup>e</sup> hiring & buying of shiping for + their vioage, some Dutchmen made them faire offers aboute goeing with + them. Also one M<sup>r</sup>. Thomas Weston, a m<sup>r</sup>chant of + London, came to Leyden aboute y<sup>e</sup> same time, (who was well + aquainted with some of them, and a furtherer of them in their former + proseedings,) haveing much conferance w<sup>th</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. + Robinson & other of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of them, perswaded them to + goe on (as it seems) & not to medle with y<sup>e</sup> Dutch, or too + much to depend on the Virginia Company; for if that failed, if they came + to resolution, he and such marchants as were his freinds (togeather with + their owne means) would sett them forth; and they should make ready, and + neither feare wante of shipping nor money; for what they wanted should be + provided. And, not so much for him selfe as for y<sup>e</sup> satisfing of + such frends as he should procure to adventure in this bussines, they were + to draw such articls of agreemente, and make such propossitions, as might + y<sup>e</sup> better induce his freinds to venture. Upon which (after y<sup>e</sup> + formere conclusion) articles were drawne & agreed unto, and were + showne unto him, and approved by him; and afterwards by their messenger (M<sup>r</sup>. + John Carver) sent into England, who, togeather with Robart Cushman, were + to receive y<sup>e</sup> moneys & make provissione both for shiping + & other things for y<sup>e</sup> vioage; with this <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span>charge, not + to exseede their com̅ission, but to proseed according to y<sup>e</sup> + former articles. Also some were chossen to doe y<sup>e</sup> like for such + things as were to be prepared there; so those that weare to goe, prepared + them selves with all speed, and sould of their estats and (such as were + able) put in their moneys into y<sup>e</sup> commone stock, which was + disposed by those appointed, for y<sup>e</sup> making of generall + provissions. Aboute this time also they had heard, both by M<sup>r</sup>. + Weston and others, y<sup>t</sup> sundrie Hon<sup>bl</sup>: Lords had + obtained a large grante from y<sup>e</sup> king, for y<sup>e</sup> more + northerly parts of that countrie, derived out of y<sup>e</sup> Virginia + patente, and wholy secluded from their Govermente, and to be called by + another name, viz. New-England. Unto which M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, and y<sup>e</sup> + cheefe of them, begane to incline it was [28] best for them to goe, as for + other reasons, so cheefly for y<sup>e</sup> hope of present profite to be + made by y<sup>e</sup> fishing that was found in y<sup>t</sup> countrie. + </p> + <p> + But as in all bussineses y<sup>e</sup> acting parte is most difficulte, + espetially wher y<sup>e</sup> worke of many agents must concurr, so it was + found in this; for some of those y<sup>t</sup> should have gone in + England, fell of & would not goe; other marchants & freinds y<sup>t</sup> + had offered to adventure their moneys withdrew, and pretended many + excuses. Some disliking they wente not to Guiana; others againe would + adventure nothing excepte they wente to Virginia. Some againe (and those + that were most relied on) fell in utter dislike with Virginia, and <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>would doe + nothing if they wente thither. In y<sup>e</sup> midds of these + distractions, they of Leyden, who had put of their estats, and laid out + their moneys, were brought into a greate streight, fearing what issue + these things would come too; but at length y<sup>e</sup> generalitie was + swaid to this latter opinion. + </p> + <p> + But now another difficultie arose, for M<sup>r</sup>. Weston and some + other that were for this course, either for their better advantage or + rather for y<sup>e</sup> drawing on of others, as they pretended, would + have some of those conditions altered y<sup>t</sup> were first agreed on + at Leyden. To which y<sup>e</sup> 2. agents sent from Leyden (or at least + one of them who is most charged with it) did consente; seeing els y<sup>t</sup> + all was like to be dashte, & y<sup>e</sup> opportunitie lost, and y<sup>t</sup> + they which had put of their estats and paid in their moneys were in hazard + to be undon. They presumed to conclude with y<sup>e</sup> marchants on + those termes, in some things contrary to their order & com̅ission, + and without giving them notice of y<sup>e</sup> same; yea, it was conceled + least it should make any furder delay; which was y<sup>e</sup> cause + afterward of much trouble & contention. + </p> + <p> + It will be meete I here inserte these conditions, which are as foloweth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + An<sup>o</sup>: 1620. July 1. + </p> + <p> + 1. The adventurers & planters doe agree, that every person that + goeth being aged 16. years & upward, be rated at 10<sup>li</sup>., + and ten pounds to be accounted a single share. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + 2. That he that goeth in person, and furnisheth him selfe out with 10<sup>li</sup>. + either in money or other provissions, be accounted as haveing 20<sup>li</sup>. + in stock, and in y<sup>e</sup> devission shall receive a double share. + </p> + <p> + 3. The persons transported & y<sup>e</sup> adventurers shall + continue their joynt stock & partnership togeather, y<sup>e</sup> + space of 7. years, (excepte some unexpected impedimente doe cause y<sup>e</sup> + whole company to agree otherwise,) during which time, all profits & + benifits that are gott by trade, traffick, trucking, working, fishing, + or any other means of any person or persons, remaine still in y<sup>e</sup> + com̅one stock untill y<sup>e</sup> division. + </p> + <p> + 4. That at their com̅ing ther, they chose out such a number of fitt + persons, as may furnish their ships and boats for fishing upon y<sup>e</sup> + sea; imploying the rest in their severall faculties upon y<sup>e</sup> + land; as building houses, tilling, and planting y<sup>e</sup> ground, + & makeing shuch com̅odities as shall be most usefull for y<sup>e</sup> + collonie. + </p> + <p> + 5. That at y<sup>e</sup> end of y<sup>e</sup> 7. years, y<sup>e</sup> + capitall & profits, viz. the houses, lands, goods and chatles, be + equally devided betwixte y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, and planters; w<sup>ch</sup> + done, every man shall be free from other of them of any debt or + detrimente concerning this adventure. + </p> + <p> + [29] 6. Whosoever cometh to y<sup>e</sup> colonie herafter, or putteth + any into y<sup>e</sup> stock, shall at the ende of y<sup>e</sup> 7. + years be alowed proportionably to y<sup>e</sup> time of his so doing. + </p> + <p> + 7. He that shall carie his wife & children, or servants, shall be + alowed for everie person now aged 16. years & upward, a single share + in y<sup>e</sup> devision, or if he provid them necessaries, a duble + share, or if they be between 10. year old and 16., then 2. of them to be + reconed for a person, both in trāsportation and devision. + </p> + <p> + 8. That such children as now goe, & are under y<sup>e</sup> age of + ten years, have noe other shar in y<sup>e</sup> devision, but 50. acers + of unmanured land. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + 9. That such persons as die before y<sup>e</sup> 7. years be expired, + their executors to have their parte or sharr at y<sup>e</sup> devision, + proportionably to y<sup>e</sup> time of their life in y<sup>e</sup> + collonie. + </p> + <p> + 10. That all such persons as are of this collonie, are to have their + meate, drink, apparell, and all provissions out of y<sup>e</sup> com̅on + stock & goods of y<sup>e</sup> said collonie. + </p> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <p> + The cheefe & principall differences betwene these & the former + conditions, stood in those 2. points; that y<sup>e</sup> houses, & + lands improved, espetialy gardens & home lotts should remaine + undevided wholy to y<sup>e</sup> planters at y<sup>e</sup> 7. years end. 2<sup>ly</sup>, + y<sup>t</sup> they should have had 2. days in a weeke for their owne + private imploymente, for y<sup>e</sup> more comforte of them selves and + their families, espetialy such as had families. But because letters are by + some wise men counted y<sup>e</sup> best parte of histories, I shall shew + their greevances hereaboute by their owne letters, in which y<sup>e</sup> + passages of things will be more truly discerned. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>A letter of M<sup>r</sup>. Robinsons to John Carver.</i> + </p> + <p class="ltr_dt"> + June 14. 1620. N. Stile. + </p> + <p> + My dear freind & brother, whom with yours I alwaise remember in my + best affection, and whose wellfare I shall never cease to com̅end + to God by my best & most earnest praires. You doe throwly understand + by our generall letters y<sup>e</sup> estate of things hear, which + indeed is very pitifull; espetialy by wante of shiping, and not seeing + means lickly, much less certaine, of having it provided; though withall + ther be great want of money & means to doe needfull things. M<sup>r</sup>. + Pickering, you know <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>before + this, will not defray a peny hear; though Robart Cushman presumed of I + know not how many 100<sup>li</sup>. from him, & I know not whom. Yet + it seems strange y<sup>t</sup> we should be put to him to receive both + his & his partners adventer, and yet M<sup>r</sup>. Weston write + unto him, y<sup>t</sup> in regard of it, he hath drawne upon him a 100<sup>li</sup>. + more. But ther is in this some misterie, as indeed it seems ther is in y<sup>e</sup> + whole course. Besids, wheras diverse are to pay in some parts of their + moneys yet behinde, they refuse to doe it, till they see shiping + provided, or a course taken for it. Neither doe I thinke is ther a man + hear would pay any thing, if he had againe his money in his purse. You + know right well we depended on M<sup>r</sup>. Weston alone, and upon + such means as he would procure for this commone bussines; and when we + had in hand another course with y<sup>e</sup> Dutchmen, broke it of at + his motion, and upon y<sup>e</sup> conditions by him shortly after + propounded. He did this in his love I know, but things appeare not + answerable from him hitherto. That he should have first have put in his + moneys, is thought by many to have been but fitt, but y<sup>t</sup> I + can well excuse, he being a marchante and haveing use of it to his + benefite; wheras others, if it had been in their hands, would have + consumed it. [30] But y<sup>t</sup> he should not but have had either + shipping ready before this time, or at least certaine means, and course, + and y<sup>e</sup> same knowne to us for it, or have taken other order + otherwise, cannot in my conscience be excused. I have heard y<sup>t</sup> + when he hath been moved in the bussines, he hath put it of from him + selfe, and referred it to y<sup>e</sup> others;<a name="FNanchor_P_16" + id="FNanchor_P_16"></a><a href="#Footnote_P_16" class="fnanchor">[P]</a> + and would come to Georg Morton, & enquire news of him aboute things, + as if he had scarce been some accessarie unto it. Wether he hath failed + of some helps from others which he expected, and so be not well able to + goe through with things, or whether he hath feared least you should be + ready too soone & so encrease y<sup>e</sup> charge of shiping above + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span>y<sup>t</sup> + is meete, or whether he have thought by withhoulding to put us upon + straits, thinking y<sup>t</sup> therby M<sup>r</sup>. Brewer and M<sup>r</sup>. + Pickering would be drawne by importunitie to doe more, or what other + misterie is in it, we know not; but sure we are y<sup>t</sup> things are + not answerable to such an occasion. M<sup>r</sup>. Weston maks himselfe + mery with our endeavors about buying a ship, but we have done nothing in + this but with good reason, as I am perswaded, nor yet that I know in any + thing els, save in those tow; y<sup>e</sup> one, that we imployed Robart + Cushman, who is known (though a good man, & of spetiall abilities in + his kind, yet) most unfitt to deale for other men, by reason of his + singularitie, and too great indifferancie for any conditions, and for + (to speak truly) that<a name="FNanchor_Q_17" id="FNanchor_Q_17"></a><a + href="#Footnote_Q_17" class="fnanchor">[Q]</a> we have had nothing from + him but termes & presumptions. The other, y<sup>t</sup> we have so + much relyed, by implicite faith as it were, upon generalities, without + seeing y<sup>e</sup> perticuler course & means for so waghtie an + affaire set down unto us. For shiping, M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, it should + seeme, is set upon hireing, which yet I wish he may presently effecte; + but I see litle hope of help from hence if so it be. Of M<sup>r</sup>. + Brewer you know what to expecte. I doe not thinke M<sup>r</sup>. + Pickering will ingage, excepte in y<sup>e</sup> course of buying, in + former letters specified. Aboute y<sup>e</sup> conditions, you have our + reasons for our judgments of what is agreed. And let this spetially be + borne in minde, y<sup>t</sup> the greatest parte of y<sup>e</sup> + Collonie is like to be imployed constantly, not upon dressing ther + perticuler land & building houses, but upon fishing, trading, &c. + So as y<sup>e</sup> land & house will be but a trifell for advantage + to y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, and yet the devission of it a great + discouragmente to y<sup>e</sup> planters, who would with singuler care + make it comfortable with borowed houres from their sleep. The same + consideration of com̅one imploymente constantly by the most is a + good reason not to have y<sup>e</sup> 2. daies in a weeke denyed y<sup>e</sup> + few planters for private use, which yet is subordinate to com̅one + good. Consider also how much unfite that you & <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span>your liks must serve a new + prentishipe of 7. years, and not a daies freedome from taske. Send me + word what persons are to goe, who of usefull faculties, & how many, + & perticulerly of every thing. I know you wante not a minde. I am + sorie you have not been at London all this while, but y<sup>e</sup> + provissions could not wante you. Time will suffer me to write no more; + fare you & yours well allways in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, in whom I rest. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="center"> + Yours to use, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Robinson</span>. + </div> + </div> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>An other letter from sundrie of them at y<sup>e</sup> same time.</i> + </p> + <p> + [31] To their loving freinds John Carver and Robart Cushman, these, + &c. + </p> + <p> + Good bretheren, after salutations, &c. We received diverse letters + at y<sup>e</sup> coming of M<sup>r</sup>. Nash & our pilott, which + is a great incouragmente unto us, and for whom we hop after times will + minister occasion of praising God; and indeed had you not sente him, + many would have been ready to fainte and goe backe. Partly in respecte + of y<sup>e</sup> new conditions which have bene taken up by you, which + all men are against, and partly in regard of our owne inabillitie to doe + any one of those many waightie bussineses you referr to us here. For y<sup>e</sup> + former wherof, wheras Robart Cushman desirs reasons for our dislike, + promising therupon to alter y<sup>e</sup> same, or els saing we should + thinke he hath no brains, we desire him to exercise them therin, + refering him to our pastors former reasons, and them to y<sup>e</sup> + censure of y<sup>e</sup> godly wise. But our desires are that you will + not entangle your selvs and us in any such unreasonable courses as those + are, viz. y<sup>t</sup> the marchants should have y<sup>e</sup> halfe of + mens houses and lands at y<sup>e</sup> dividente; and that persons + should be deprived of y<sup>e</sup> 2. days in a weeke agreed upon, yea + every momente of time for their owne perticuler; by reason wherof we + cannot conceive why any should carie servants for their own help and + comfort; for that we can require no more <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span>of them then all men one of + another. This we have only by relation from M<sup>r</sup>. Nash, & + not from any writing of your owne, & therfore hope you have not + proceeded farr in so great a thing without us. But requiring you not to + exseed the bounds of your com̅ission, which was to proceed upon y<sup>e</sup> + things or conditions agred upon and expressed in writing (at your going + over about it), we leave it, not without marveling, that you<sup>r</sup> + selfe, as you write, knowing how smale a thing troubleth our + consultations, and how few, as you fear, understands the busnes aright, + should trouble us with such matters as these are, &c. + </p> + <p> + Salute M<sup>r</sup>. Weston from us, in whom we hope we are not + deceived; we pray you make known our estate unto him, and if you thinke + good shew him our letters, at least tell him (y<sup>t</sup> under God) + we much relie upon him & put our confidence in him; and, as your + selves well know, that if he had not been an adventurer with us, we had + not taken it in hand; presuming that if he had not seene means to + accomplish it, he would not have begune it; so we hope in our extremitie + he will so farr help us as our expectation be no way made frustrate + concerning him. Since therfore, good brethren, we have plainly opened y<sup>e</sup> + state of things with us in this matter, you will, &c. Thus + beseeching y<sup>e</sup> Allmightie, who is allsufficiente to raise us + out of this depth of dificulties, to assiste us herein; raising such + means by his providence and fatherly care for us, his pore children + & servants, as we may with comforte behould y<sup>e</sup> hand of + our God for good towards us in this our bussines, which we undertake in + his name & fear, we take leave & remaine + </p> + <table summary="signature positioning" width="90%"> + <tr> + <td align="center"> + <br />June 10. New Stille,<br />An<sup>o</sup>: 1620.<br /> + </td> + <td align="center"> + Your perplexed, yet hopfull<br />bretheren,<br /> S. F. + E. W. W. B. J. A.<a name="FNanchor_R_18" + id="FNanchor_R_18"></a><a href="#Footnote_R_18" class="fnanchor">[R]</a><br /> + </td> + </tr> + </table> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> + </p> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>A letter of Robart Cushmans to them.</i> + </p> + <p> + Brethern, I understand by letters & passagess y<sup>t</sup> have + come to me, that ther are great discontents, & dislike of my + proceedings amongst you. Sorie I am to hear it, yet contente to beare + it, as not doubting but y<sup>t</sup> partly by writing, and more + principally by word when we shall come togeather, I shall satisfie any + reasonable man. I have been perswaded [32] by some, espetialy this + bearer, to come and clear things unto you; but as things now stand I can̅ot + be absente one day, excepte I should hazard all y<sup>e</sup> viage. + Neither conceive I any great good would come of it. Take then, brethern, + this as a step to give you contente. First, for your dislike of y<sup>e</sup> + alteration of one clause in y<sup>e</sup> conditions, if you conceive it + right, ther can be no blame lye on me at all. For y<sup>e</sup> articles + first brought over by John Carver were never seene of any of y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers hear, excepte M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, neither did any of them + like them because of that clause; nor M<sup>r</sup>. Weston him selfe, + after he had well considered it. But as at y<sup>e</sup> first ther was + 500<sup>li</sup>. withdrawne by S<sup>r</sup>. Georg Farrer and his + brother upon that dislike, so all y<sup>e</sup> rest would have + withdrawne (M<sup>r</sup>. Weston excepted) if we had not altered y<sup>t</sup> + clause. Now whilst we at Leyden conclude upon points, as we did, we + reckoned without our host, which was not my falte. Besids, I shewed you + by a letter y<sup>e</sup> equitie of y<sup>t</sup> condition, & our + inconveniences, which might be sett against all M<sup>r</sup>. Rob: + inconveniences, that without y<sup>e</sup> alteration of y<sup>t</sup> + clause, we could neither have means to gett thither, nor supplie wherby + to subsiste when we were ther. Yet notwithstanding all those reasons, + which were not mine, but other mens wiser then my selfe, without answer + to any one of them, here cometh over many quirimonies, and complaints + against me, of lording it over my brethern, and making conditions fitter + for theeves & bondslaves then honest men, and that of my owne head I + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>did + what I list. And at last a paper of reasons, framed against y<sup>t</sup> + clause in y<sup>e</sup> conditions, which as y<sup>ey</sup> were + delivered me open, so my answer is open to you all. And first, as they + are no other but inconveniences, such as a man might frame 20. as great + on y<sup>e</sup> other side, and yet prove nor disprove nothing by them, + so they misse & mistake both y<sup>e</sup> very ground of y<sup>e</sup> + article and nature of y<sup>e</sup> project. For, first, it is said, + that if ther had been no divission of houses & lands, it had been + better for y<sup>e</sup> poore. True, and y<sup>t</sup> showeth y<sup>e</sup> + inequalitie of y<sup>e</sup> condition; we should more respecte him y<sup>t</sup> + ventureth both his money and his person, then him y<sup>t</sup> + ventureth but his person only. + </p> + <p> + 2. Consider wheraboute we are, not giveing almes, but furnishing a store + house; no one shall be porer then another for 7. years, and if any be + rich, none can be pore. At y<sup>e</sup> least, we must not in such + bussines crie, Pore, pore, mercie, mercie. Charitie hath it life in + wraks, not in venturs; you are by this most in a hopefull pitie of + makeing, therfore complaine not before you have need. + </p> + <p> + 3. This will hinder y<sup>e</sup> building of good and faire houses, + contrarie to y<sup>e</sup> advise of pollitiks. A. So we would have it; + our purpose is to build for y<sup>e</sup> presente such houses as, if + need be, we may with litle greefe set a fire, and rune away by the + lighte; our riches shall not be in pompe, but in strenght; if God send + us riches, we will imploye them to provid more men, ships, munition, + &c. You may see it amongst the best pollitiks, that a com̅onwele + is readier to ebe then to flow, when once fine houses and gay cloaths + come up. + </p> + <p> + 4. The Gove<sup>t</sup> may prevente excess in building. A. But if it be + on all men beforehand resolved on, to build mean houses, y<sup>e</sup> + Gove<sup>r</sup> laboure is spared. + </p> + <p> + 5. All men are not of one condition. A. If by condition you mean wealth, + you are mistaken; if you mean by condition, qualities, then I say he + that is not contente his neighbour shall have as good a house, fare, + means, &c. as him selfe, is <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" + id="Page_65">[65]</a></span>not of a good qualitie. 2<sup>ly</sup>. Such + retired persons, as have aneie only to them selves, are fitter to come + wher catching is, then closing; and are fitter to live alone, then in + any societie, either civill or religious. + </p> + <p> + 6. It will be of litle value, scarce worth 5<sup>li</sup>. A. True, it + may be not worth halfe 5<sup>li</sup>. [33] If then so smale a thing + will content them, why strive we thus aboute it, and give them occasion + to suspecte us to be worldly & covetous? I will not say what I have + heard since these complaints came first over. + </p> + <p> + 7. Our freinds with us y<sup>t</sup> adventure mind not their owne + profite, as did y<sup>e</sup> old adventurers. A. Then they are better + then we, who for a litle matter of profite are readie to draw back, and + it is more apparente brethern looke too it, that make profite your maine + end; repente of this, els goe not least you be like Jonas to Tarshis. 2<sup>ly</sup>. + Though some of them mind not their profite, yet others doe mind it; and + why not as well as we? venturs are made by all sorts of men, and we must + labour to give them all contente, if we can. + </p> + <p> + 8. It will break y<sup>e</sup> course of com̅unitie, as may be + showed by many reasons. A. That is but said, and I say againe, it will + best foster comunion, as may be showed by many reasons. + </p> + <p> + 9. Great profite is like to be made by trucking, fishing, &c. A. As + it is better for them, so for us; for halfe is ours, besids our living + still upon it, and if such profite in y<sup>t</sup> way come, our labour + shall be y<sup>e</sup> less on y<sup>e</sup> land, and our houses and + lands must & will be of less value. + </p> + <p> + 10. Our hazard is greater then theirs. A. True, but doe they put us upon + it? doe they urge or egg us? hath not y<sup>e</sup> motion & + resolution been always in our selves? doe they any more then in seeing + us resolute if we had means, help us to means upon equall termes & + conditions? If we will not goe, they are content to keep their moneys. + Thus I have pointed at a way to loose those knots, which I hope you will + consider seriously, and let me have no more stirre about them. <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + Now furder, I hear a noise of slavish conditions by me made; but surly + this is all that I have altered, and reasons I have sent you. If you + mean it of y<sup>e</sup> 2. days in a week for perticuler, as some + insinuate, you are deceived; you may have 3. days in a week for me if + you will. And when I have spoken to y<sup>e</sup> adventurers of times + of working, they have said they hope we are men of discretion & + conscience, and so fitte to be trusted our selves with that. But indeed + y<sup>e</sup> ground of our proceedings at Leyden was mistaken, and so + here is nothing but tottering every day, &c. + </p> + <p> + As for them of Amsterdam I had thought they would as soone have gone to + Rome as with us; for our libertie is to them as ratts bane, and their + riggour as bad to us as y<sup>e</sup> Spanish Inquision. If any practise + of mine discourage them, let them yet draw back; I will undertake they + shall have their money againe presently paid hear. Or if the company + thinke me to be y<sup>e</sup> Jonas, let them cast me of before we goe; + I shall be content to stay with good will, having but the cloaths on my + back; only let us have quietnes, and no more of these clamors; full + litle did I expecte these things which are now come to pass, &c. + </p> + <p class="ltr_dt"> + Yours, <span class="smcap">R. Cushman</span>. + </p> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <p> + But whether this letter of his ever came to their hands at Leyden I well + know not; I rather thinke it was staied by M<sup>r</sup>. Carver & + kept by him, forgiving offence. But this which follows was ther received; + both which I thought pertenent to recite. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>Another of his to y<sup>e</sup> aforesaid, June</i> 11. 1620.<a + name="FNanchor_S_19" id="FNanchor_S_19"></a><a href="#Footnote_S_19" + class="fnanchor">[S]</a> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + Salutations, &c. I received your lẽr. yesterday, by John + Turner, with another y<sup>e</sup> same day from Amsterdam by M<sup>r</sup>. + W. savouring of y<sup>e</sup> place whenc it came. And indeed the many + discouragements I find her, togeather with y<sup>e</sup> demurrs and + retirings ther, had made me to say, I would give up my accounts to John + Carver, & at his comeing aquainte him fully with all courses, and so + leave it quite, with only y<sup>e</sup> pore cloaths on my back. But + gathering up my selfe by further consideration, [34] I resolved yet to + make one triall more, and to aquainte M<sup>r</sup>. Weston with y<sup>e</sup> + fainted state of our bussines; and though he hath been much discontented + at some thing amongst us of late, which hath made him often say, that + save for his promise, he would not meadle at all with y<sup>e</sup> + bussines any more, yet considering how farr we were plunged into maters, + & how it stood both on our credits & undoing, at y<sup>e</sup> + last he gathered up him selfe a litle more, & coming to me 2. hours + after, he tould me he would not yet leave it. And so advising togeather + we resolved to hire a ship, and have tooke liking of one till Monday, + about 60. laste, for a greater we cannot gett, excepte it be tow great; + but a fine ship it is. And seeing our neer freinds ther are so streite + lased, we hope to assure her without troubling them any further; and if + y<sup>e</sup> ship fale too small, it fitteth well y<sup>t</sup> such as + stumble at strawes allready, may rest them ther a while, least worse + blocks come in y<sup>e</sup> way ere 7. years be ended. If you had + beaten this bussines so throuly a month agoe, and write to us as now you + doe, we could thus have done much more conveniently. But it is as it is; + I hope our freinds ther, if they be quitted of the ship hire, will be + indusced to venture y<sup>e</sup> more. All y<sup>t</sup> I now require + is y<sup>t</sup> salt and netts may ther be boughte, and for all y<sup>e</sup> + rest we will here provid it; yet if that will not be, let them but stand + for it a month or tow, and we will take order to pay it all. Let M<sup>r</sup>. + <i>Reinholds</i> tarie ther, and bring y<sup>e</sup> ship to + Southampton. We have hired another pilote here, one M<sup>r</sup>. <i>Clarke</i>, + who went last year to Virginia with a ship of kine. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> You + shall here distinctly by John Turner, who I thinke shall come hence on + Tewsday night. I had thought to have come with him, to have answerd to + my complaints; but I shal lerne to pass litle for their censurs; and if + I had more minde to goe & dispute & expostulate with them, then + I have care of this waightie bussines, I were like them who live by + clamours & jangling. But neither my mind nor my body is at libertie + to doe much, for I am fettered with bussines, and had rather study to be + quiet, then to make answer to their exceptions. If men be set on it, let + them beat y<sup>e</sup> eair; I hope such as are my sinceire freinds + will not thinke but I can give some reason of my actions. But of your + mistaking aboute y<sup>e</sup> mater, & other things tending to this + bussines, I shall nexte informe you more distinctly. Mean space entreate + our freinds not to be too bussie in answering matters, before they know + them. If I doe such things as I can̅ot give reasons for, it is like + you have sett a foole aboute your bussines, and so turne y<sup>e</sup> + reproofe to your selves, & send an other, and let me come againe to + my Combes. But setting a side my naturall infirmities, I refuse not to + have my cause judged, both of God, & all indifferent men; and when + we come togeather I shall give accounte of my actions hear. The Lord, + who judgeth justly without respect of persons, see into y<sup>e</sup> + equitie of my cause, and give us quiet, peacable, and patient minds, in + all these turmoiles, and sanctifie unto us all crosses whatsoever. And + so I take my leave of you all, in all love & affection. + </p> + <p> + I hope we shall gett all hear ready in 14. days. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your pore brother, + </div> + <div class="right"> + <span class="smcap">Robart Cushman.</span> + </div> + </div> + <p> + June 11. 1620. + </p> + </div> + <p> + Besids these things, ther fell out a differance amongs those 3. that + received [35] the moneys & made y<sup>e</sup> provissions in England; + for besids these tow formerly mentioned <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span>sent from Leyden for this end, + viz. M<sup>r</sup>. Carver & Robart Cushman, ther was one chosen in + England to be joyned with them, to make y<sup>e</sup> provisions for y<sup>e</sup> + vioage; his name was M<sup>r</sup>. Martin, he came from Billirike in + Essexe, from which parts came sundrie others to goe with them, as also + from London & other places; and therfore it was thought meete & + conveniente by them in Holand that these strangers that were to goe with + them, should apointe one thus to be joyned with them, not so much for any + great need of their help, as to avoyd all susspition, or jelosie of any + partiallitie. And indeed their care for giving offence, both in this & + other things afterward, turned to great inconvenience unto them, as in y<sup>e</sup> + sequell will apeare; but however it shewed their equall & honest + minds. The provissions were for y<sup>e</sup> most parte made at + Southhamton, contrarie to M<sup>r</sup>. Westons & Robert Cushmās + mind (whose counsells did most concure in all things). A touch of which + things I shall give in a letter of his to M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, and more + will appear afterward. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + To his loving freind M<sup>r</sup>. John Carver, these, &c. + </p> + <p> + Loving freind, I have received from you some letters, full of affection + & complaints, and what it is you would have of me I know not; for + your crieing out, Negligence, negligence, negligence, I marvell why so + negligente a man was used in y<sup>e</sup> bussines. Yet know you y<sup>t</sup> + all that I have power to doe hear, shall not be one hower behind, I + warent you. You have reference to M<sup>r</sup>. Weston to help us with + money, more then his adventure; wher he protesteth but for his promise, + he would <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span>not + have done any thing. He saith we take a heady course, and is offended y<sup>t</sup> + our provissions are made so farr of; as also that he was not made + aquainted with our quantitie of things; and saith y<sup>t</sup> in now + being in 3. places, so farr remote, we will, with going up & downe, + and wrangling & expostulating, pass over y<sup>e</sup> som̅er + before we will goe. And to speake y<sup>e</sup> trueth, ther is fallen + already amongst us a flatt schisme; and we are redier to goe to dispute, + then to sett forwarde a voiage. I have received from Leyden since you + wente 3. or 4. letters directed to you, though they only conscerne me. I + will not trouble you with them. I always feared y<sup>e</sup> event of y<sup>e</sup> + Amsterdamers striking in with us. I trow you must excom̅unicate me, + or els you must goe without their companie, or we shall wante no + quareling; but let them pass. We have reckoned, it should seeme, without + our host; and, counting upon a 150. persons, ther cannot be founde above + 1200<sup>li</sup>. & odd moneys of all y<sup>e</sup> venturs you can + reckone, besids some cloath, stockings, & shoes, which are not + counted; so we shall come shorte at least 3. or 400<sup>li</sup>. I + would have had some thing shortened at first of beare & other + provissions in hope of other adventurs, & now we could have, both in + Amsterd: & Kente, beere inough to serve our turne, but now we cannot + accept it without prejudice. You fear we have begune to build & + shall not be able to make an end; indeed, our courses were never + established by counsell, we may therfore justly fear their standing. + Yea, ther was a [36] schisme amongst us 3. at y<sup>e</sup> first. You + wrote to M<sup>r</sup>. Martin, to prevente y<sup>e</sup> making of y<sup>e</sup> + provissions in Kente, which he did, and sett downe his resolution how + much he would have of every thing, without respecte to any counsell or + exception. Surely he y<sup>t</sup> is in a societie & yet regards + not counsell, may better be a king then a consorte. To be short, if ther + be not some other dispossition setled unto then yet is, we y<sup>t</sup> + should be partners of humilitie and peace, shall be examples of jangling + & insulting. Yet your money which you ther must <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span>have, we will get provided + for you instantly. 500<sup>li</sup>. you say will serve; for y<sup>e</sup> + rest which hear & in Holand is to be used, we may goe scratch for + it. For M<sup>r</sup>.<a name="FNanchor_T_20" id="FNanchor_T_20"></a><a + href="#Footnote_T_20" class="fnanchor">[T]</a> Crabe, of whom you write, + he hath promised to goe with us, yet I tell you I shall not be without + feare till I see him shipped, for he is much opposed, yet I hope he will + not faile. Thinke y<sup>e</sup> best of all, and bear with patience what + is wanting, and y<sup>e</sup> Lord guid us all. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your loving freind, + </div> + <div class="right"> + <span class="smcap">Robart Cushman.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="left"> + London, June 10. + </div> + <div class="left"> + An<sup>o</sup>: 1620. + </div> + </div> + <p> + I have bene y<sup>e</sup> larger in these things, and so shall crave leave + in some like passages following, (thoug in other things I shal labour to + be more contracte,) that their children may see with what difficulties + their fathers wrastled in going throug these things in their first begin̅ings, + and how God brought them along notwithstanding all their weaknesses & + infirmities. As allso that some use may be made hereof in after times by + others in such like waightie imployments; and herewith I will end this + chapter. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + <a name="The_7_Chap" id="The_7_Chap"></a>The 7. Chap. + </h3> + <p> + <i>Of their departure from Leyden, and other things ther aboute, with + their arivall at South hamton, were they all mete togeather, and tooke in + ther provissions.</i> + </p> + <p> + At length, after much travell and these debats, all things were got ready + and provided. A smale ship<a name="FNanchor_U_21" id="FNanchor_U_21"></a><a + href="#Footnote_U_21" class="fnanchor">[U]</a> <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span>was bought, & fitted in + Holand, which was intended as to serve to help to transport them, so to + stay in y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie and atend upon fishing and shuch other + affairs as might be for y<sup>e</sup> good & benefite of y<sup>e</sup> + colonie when they came ther. Another was hired at London, of burden about + 9. score; and all other things gott in readines. So being ready to + departe, they had a day of solleme humiliation, their pastor taking his + texte from Ezra 8. 21. <i>And ther at y<sup>e</sup> river, by Ahava, I + proclaimed a fast, that we might humble ourselves before our God, and + seeke of him a right way for us, and for our children, and for all our + substance.</i> Upon which he spente a good parte of y<sup>e</sup> day very + profitably, and suitable to their presente occasion. The rest of the time + was spente in powering out prairs to y<sup>e</sup> Lord with great + fervencie, mixed with abundance of tears. And y<sup>e</sup> time being + come that they must departe, they were accompanied with most of their + brethren out of y<sup>e</sup> citie, unto a towne sundrie miles of called + Delfes-Haven, wher the ship lay ready to receive them. So they lefte y<sup>t</sup> + goodly & pleasante citie, which had been ther resting place near 12. + years; but they knew they were pilgrimes,<a name="FNanchor_V_22" + id="FNanchor_V_22"></a><a href="#Footnote_V_22" class="fnanchor">[V]</a> + & looked not much on those things, but lift up their eyes to y<sup>e</sup> + heavens, their dearest cuntrie, and quieted their spirits. When they [37] + came to y<sup>e</sup> place they found y<sup>e</sup> ship and all things + ready; and shuch of their freinds as could not come with them <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span>followed + after them, and sundrie also came from Amsterdame to see them shipte and + to take their leave of them. That night was spent with litle sleepe by y<sup>e</sup> + most, but with freindly entertainmente & christian discourse and other + reall expressions of true christian love. The next day, the wind being + faire, they wente aborde, and their freinds with them, where truly dolfull + was y<sup>e</sup> sight of that sade and mournfull parting; to see what + sighs and sobbs and praires did sound amongst them, what tears did gush + from every eye, & pithy speeches peirst each harte; that sundry of y<sup>e</sup> + Dutch strangers y<sup>t</sup> stood on y<sup>e</sup> key as spectators, + could not refraine from tears. Yet comfortable & sweete it was to see + shuch lively and true expressions of clear & unfained love. But the + tide (which stays for no man) caling them away y<sup>t</sup> were thus + loath to departe, their Reṽē<sup>d</sup>: pastor falling downe + on his knees, (and they all with him,) with watrie cheeks com̅ended + them with most fervente praiers to the Lord and his blessing. And then + with mutuall imbrases and many tears, they tooke their leaves one of an + other; which proved to be y<sup>e</sup> last leave to many of them. + </p> + <p> + Thus hoysing saile,<a name="FNanchor_W_23" id="FNanchor_W_23"></a><a + href="#Footnote_W_23" class="fnanchor">[W]</a> with a prosperus winde they + came in short time to Southhamton, wher they found the bigger ship come + from London, lying ready, w<sup>th</sup> all the rest of their company. + After a joyfull wellcome, and mutuall congratulations, with other frendly + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span>entertainements, + they fell to parley aboute their bussines, how to dispatch with y<sup>e</sup> + best expedition; as allso with their agents, aboute y<sup>e</sup> + alteration of y<sup>e</sup> conditions. M<sup>r</sup>. Carver pleaded he + was imployed hear at Hamton, and knew not well what y<sup>e</sup> other + had don at London. M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman answered, he had done nothing + but what he was urged too, partly by y<sup>e</sup> grounds of equity, and + more espetialy by necessitie, other wise all had bene dasht and many + undon. And in y<sup>e</sup> begining he aquainted his felow agents here + with, who consented unto him, and left it to him to execute, and to + receive y<sup>e</sup> money at London and send it downe to them at Hamton, + wher they made y<sup>e</sup> provissions; the which he accordingly did, + though it was against his minde, & some of y<sup>e</sup> marchants, y<sup>t</sup> + they were their made. And for giveing them notise at Leyden of this + change, he could not well in regarde of y<sup>e</sup> shortnes of y<sup>e</sup> + time; againe, he knew it would trouble them and hinder y<sup>e</sup> + bussines, which was already delayed overlong in regard of y<sup>e</sup> + season of y<sup>e</sup> year, which he feared they would find to their + cost. But these things gave not contente at presente. Mr. Weston, likwise, + came up from London to see them dispatcht and to have y<sup>e</sup> + conditions confirmed; but they refused, and answered him, that he knew + right well that these were not according to y<sup>e</sup> first + agreemente, neither could they yeeld to them without y<sup>e</sup> + consente of the rest that were behind. And indeed they had spetiall charge + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>when + they came away, from the cheefe of those that were behind, not to doe it. + At which he was much offended, and tould them, they must then looke to + stand on their owne leggs. So he returned in displeasure, and this was y<sup>e</sup> + first ground of discontent betweene them. And wheras ther wanted well near + 100<sup>li</sup>. to clear things at their going away, he would not take + order to disburse a penie, but let them shift as they could. [38] So they + were forst to selle of some of their provissions to stop this gape, which + was some 3. or 4. score firkins of butter, which comoditie they might best + spare, haveing provided too large a quantitie of y<sup>t</sup> kind. Then + they write a leter to y<sup>e</sup> marchants & adventures aboute y<sup>e</sup> + diferances concerning y<sup>e</sup> conditions, as foloweth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="ltr_dt"> + Aug. 3. An<sup>o</sup>: 1620. + </p> + <p> + Beloved freinds, sory we are that ther should be occasion of writing at + all unto you, partly because we ever expected to see y<sup>e</sup> most + of you hear, but espetially because ther should any differance at all be + conceived betweene us. But seing it faleth out that we cannot conferr + togeather, we thinke it meete (though brefly) to show you y<sup>e</sup> + just cause & reason of our differing from those articles last made + by Robart Cushman, without our comission or knowledg. And though he + might propound good ends to himselfe, yet it no way justifies his doing + it. Our maine diference is in y<sup>e</sup> 5. & 9. article, + concerning y<sup>e</sup> deviding or holding of house and lands; the + injoying wherof some of your selves well know, was one spetiall motive, + amongst many other, to provoke us to goe. This was thought so + reasonable, y<sup>t</sup> when y<sup>e</sup> greatest of you in <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span>adventure + (whom we have much cause to respecte), when he propounded conditions to + us freely of his owne accorde, he set this downe for one; a coppy wherof + we have sent unto you, with some additions then added by us; which being + liked on both sids, and a day set for y<sup>e</sup> paimente of moneys, + those of Holland paid in theirs. After y<sup>t</sup>, Robart Cushman, M<sup>r</sup>. + Peirce, & M<sup>r</sup>. Martine, brought them into a better forme, + & write them in a booke now extante; and upon Robarts shewing them + and delivering M<sup>r</sup>. Mullins a coppy therof under his hand + (which we have), he payd in his money. And we of Holland had never seen + other before our coming to Hamton, but only as one got for him selfe a + private coppy of them; upon sight wherof we manyfested uter dislike, but + had put of our estats & were ready to come, and therfore was too + late to rejecte y<sup>e</sup> vioage. Judge therfore we beseech you + indiferently of things, and if a faulte have bene com̅ited, lay it + wher it is, & not upon us, who have more cause to stand for y<sup>e</sup> + one, then you have for y<sup>e</sup> other. We never gave Robart Cushman + comission to make any one article for us, but only sent him to receive + moneys upon articles before agreed on, and to further y<sup>e</sup> + provissions till John Carver came, and to assiste him in it. Yet since + you conceive your selves wronged as well as we, we thought meete to add + a branch to y<sup>e</sup> end of our 9. article, as will allmost heale + that wound of it selfe, which you conceive to be in it. But that it may + appeare to all men y<sup>t</sup> we are not lovers of our selves only, + but desire also y<sup>e</sup> good & inriching of our freinds who + have adventured your moneys with our persons, we have added our last + article to y<sup>e</sup> rest, promising you againe by leters in y<sup>e</sup> + behalfe of the whole company, that if large profits should not arise + within y<sup>e</sup> 7. years, y<sup>t</sup> we will continue togeather + longer with you, if y<sup>e</sup> Lord give a blessing.<a + name="FNanchor_X_24" id="FNanchor_X_24"></a><a href="#Footnote_X_24" + class="fnanchor">[X]</a> This we hope is sufficente to satisfie any in + this case, espetialy freinds, since we are asured y<sup>t</sup> if <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span>the whole + charge was devided into 4. parts, 3. of them will not stand upon it, + nether doe regarde it, &c. We are in shuch a streate at presente, as + we are forced to sell away 60<sup>li</sup>. worth of our provissions to + cleare y<sup>e</sup> Haven, & withall put our selves upon great + extremities, scarce haveing any butter, no oyle, not a sole to mend a + shoe, [39] nor every man a sword to his side, wanting many muskets, much + armoure, &c. And yet we are willing to expose our selves to shuch + eminente dangers as are like to insue, & trust to y<sup>e</sup> good + providence of God, rather then his name & truth should be evill + spoken of for us. Thus saluting all of you in love, and beseeching the + Lord to give a blesing to our endeavore, and keepe all our harts in y<sup>e</sup> + bonds of peace & love, we take leave & rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Yours, &c. + </div> + </div> + <div class="left"> + Aug. 3. 1620. + </div> + </div> + <p> + It was subscribed with many names of y<sup>e</sup> cheefest of y<sup>e</sup> + company. + </p> + <p> + At their parting M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson write a leter to y<sup>e</sup> + whole company, which though it hath already bene printed, yet I thought + good here likwise to inserte it; as also a breefe leter writ at y<sup>e</sup> + same time to M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, in which y<sup>e</sup> tender love + & godly care of a true pastor appears. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + My dear Brother,—I received inclosed in your last leter y<sup>e</sup> + note of information, w<sup>ch</sup> I shall carefuly keepe & make + use of as ther shall be occasion. I have a true feeling of your + perplexitie of mind & toyle of body, but I hope that you who have + allways been able so plentifully to administer comforte unto others in + their trials, are so well furnished for your selfe as that farr greater + difficulties then you have yet undergone <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span>(though I conceive them to + have been great enough) cannot oppresse you, though they press you, as y<sup>e</sup> + Aspostle speaks. The spirite of a man (sustained by y<sup>e</sup> + spirite of God) will sustaine his infirmitie, I dout not so will yours. + And y<sup>e</sup> beter much when you shall injoye y<sup>e</sup> + presence & help of so many godly & wise bretheren, for y<sup>e</sup> + bearing of part of your burthen, who also will not admitte into their + harts y<sup>e</sup> least thought of suspition of any y<sup>e</sup> + least negligence, at least presumption, to have been in you, what so + ever they thinke in others. Now what shall I say or write unto you & + your goodwife my loving sister? even only this, I desire (& allways + shall) unto you from y<sup>e</sup> Lord, as unto my owne soule; and + assure your selfe y<sup>t</sup> my harte is with you, and that I will + not forslowe my bodily coming at y<sup>e</sup> first oppertunitie. I + have writen a large leter to y<sup>e</sup> whole, and am sorie I shall + not rather speak then write to them; & the more, considering y<sup>e</sup> + wante of a preacher, which I shall also make sume spurr to my hastening + after you. I doe ever com̅end my best affection unto you, which if + I thought you made any doubte of, I would express in more, & y<sup>e</sup> + same more ample & full words. And y<sup>e</sup> Lord in whom you + trust & whom you serve ever in this bussines & journey, guid you + with his hand, protecte you with his winge, and shew you & us his + salvation in y<sup>e</sup> end, & bring us in y<sup>e</sup> mean + while togeather in y<sup>e</sup> place desired, if shuch be his good + will, for his Christs sake. + </p> + <p> + Amen. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Yours, &c. + </div> + <div class="right"> + Jo: R. + </div> + </div> + <div class="left"> + July 27. 1620. + </div> + </div> + <p> + This was y<sup>e</sup> last letter y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Carver + lived to see from him. The other follows. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span><a + name="FNanchor_Y_25" id="FNanchor_Y_25"></a><a href="#Footnote_Y_25" + class="fnanchor">[Y]</a>Lovinge Christian friends, I doe hartily & + in y<sup>e</sup> Lord salute you all, as being they with whom I am + presente in my best affection, and most ernest longings after you, + though I be constrained for a while to be bodily absente from you. I say + constrained, God knowing how willingly, & much rather then + otherwise, I would have borne my part with you in this first brunt, were + I not by strong necessitie held back for y<sup>e</sup> present. Make + accounte of me in y<sup>e</sup> mean while, as of a man devided in my + selfe with great paine, and as (naturall bonds set a side) having my + beter parte with [40] you. And though I doubt not but in your godly + wisdoms, you both foresee & resolve upon y<sup>t</sup> which + concerneth your presente state & condition, both severally & + joyntly, yet have I thought it but my duty to add some furder spurr of + provocation unto them, who rune allready, if not because you need it, + yet because I owe it in love & dutie. And first, as we are daly to + renew our repentance with our God, espetially for our sines known, and + generally for our unknowne trespasses, so doth y<sup>e</sup> Lord call + us in a singuler maner upon occasions of shuch difficultie & danger + as lieth upon you, to a both more narrow search & carefull + reformation of your ways in his sight; least he, calling to remembrance + our sines forgotten by us or unrepented of, take advantage against us, + & in judgmente leave us for y<sup>e</sup> same to be swalowed up in + one danger or other; wheras, on the contrary, sine being taken away by + ernest repentance & y<sup>e</sup> pardon therof from y<sup>e</sup> + Lord sealed up unto a mans conscience by his spirite, great shall be his + securitie and peace in all dangers, sweete his comforts in all + distresses, with hapie deliverance from all evill, whether in life or in + death. + </p> + <p> + Now next after this heavenly peace with God & our owne consciences, + we are carefully to provide for peace with all men what in us lieth, + espetially with our associats, & for y<sup>e</sup> watchfullnes must + be had, that we neither at all in our selves doe give, no nor easily + take offence being given by others. Woe be unto y<sup>e</sup> world for + offences, for though it be necessarie (considering <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> malice of Satan + & mans corruption) that offences come, yet woe unto y<sup>e</sup> + man or woman either by whom y<sup>e</sup> offence cometh, saith Christ, + Mat. 18. 7. And if offences in y<sup>e</sup> unseasonable use of things + in them selves indifferent, be more to be feared then death itselfe, as + y<sup>e</sup> Apostle teacheth, 1. Cor. 9. 15. how much more in things + simply evill, in which neither honour of God nor love of man is thought + worthy to be regarded. Neither yet is it sufficiente y<sup>t</sup> we + keepe our selves by y<sup>e</sup> grace of God from giveing offence, + exepte withall we be armed against y<sup>e</sup> taking of them when + they be given by others. For how imperfect & lame is y<sup>e</sup> + work of grace in y<sup>t</sup> person, who wants charritie to cover a + multitude of offences, as y<sup>e</sup> scriptures speake. Neither are + you to be exhorted to this grace only upon y<sup>e</sup> com̅one + grounds of Christianitie, which are, that persons ready to take offence, + either wante charitie, to cover offences, of wisdome duly to waigh + humane frailtie; or lastly, are grosse, though close hipocrites, as + Christ our Lord teacheth, Mat. 7. 1, 2, 3, as indeed in my owne + experience, few or none have bene found which sooner give offence, then + shuch as easily take it; neither have they ever proved sound & + profitable members in societies, which have nurished this touchey humor. + But besids these, ther are diverse motives provoking you above others to + great care & conscience this way: As first, you are many of you + strangers, as to y<sup>e</sup> persons, so to y<sup>e</sup> infirmities + one of another, & so stand in neede of more watchfullnes this way, + least when shuch things fall out in men & women as you suspected + not, you be inordinatly affected with them; which doth require at your + hands much wisdome & charitie for y<sup>e</sup> covering & + preventing of incident offences that way. And lastly, your intended + course of civill comunitie will minister continuall occasion of offence, + & will be as fuell for that fire, excepte you dilligently quench it + with brotherly forbearance. And if taking of offence causlesly or + easilie at mens doings be so carefuly to be avoyded, how much <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span>more heed + is to be taken y<sup>t</sup> we take not offence at God him selfe, which + yet we certainly doe so oftē as we doe murmure at his providence in + our crosses, or beare impatiently shuch afflictions as wherwith he + pleaseth to visite us. Store up therfore patience against y<sup>e</sup> + evill day, without which we take offence at y<sup>e</sup> Lord him selfe + in his holy & just works. + </p> + <p> + A 4. thing ther is carfully to be provided for, to witte, that with your + com̅one imployments you joyne com̅one affections truly bente + upon y<sup>e</sup> generall good, avoyding as a deadly [41] plague of + your both com̅one & spetiall comfort all retirednes of minde + for proper advantage, and all singularly affected any maner of way; let + every man represe in him selfe & y<sup>e</sup> whol body in each + person, as so many rebels against y<sup>e</sup> commone good, all + private respects of mens selves, not sorting with y<sup>e</sup> generall + conveniencie. And as men are carfull not to have a new house shaken with + any violence before it be well setled & y<sup>e</sup> parts firmly + knite, so be you, I beseech you, brethren, much more carfull, y<sup>t</sup> + the house of God which you are, and are to be, be not shaken with + unnecessarie novelties or other oppositions at y<sup>e</sup> first + setling therof. + </p> + <p> + Lastly, wheras you are become a body politik, using amongst your selves + civill govermente, and are not furnished with any persons of spetiall + eminencie above y<sup>e</sup> rest, to be chosen by you into office of + goverment, let your wisdome & godlines appeare, not only in chusing + shuch persons as doe entirely love and will promote y<sup>e</sup> com̅one + good, but also in yeelding unto them all due honour & obedience in + their lawfull administrations; not behoulding in them y<sup>e</sup> + ordinarinesse of their persons, but Gods ordinance for your good, not + being like y<sup>e</sup> foolish multitud who more honour y<sup>e</sup> + gay coate, then either y<sup>e</sup> vertuous minde of y<sup>e</sup> + man, or glorious ordinance of y<sup>e</sup> Lord. But you know better + things, & that y<sup>e</sup> image of y<sup>e</sup> Lords power + & authoritie which y<sup>e</sup> magistrate beareth, is honourable, + in how meane persons <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>soever. + And this dutie you both may y<sup>e</sup> more willingly and ought y<sup>e</sup> + more conscionably to performe, because you are at least for y<sup>e</sup> + present to have only them for your ordinarie governours, which your + selves shall make choyse of for that worke. + </p> + <p> + Sundrie other things of importance I could put you in minde of, and of + those before mentioned, in more words, but I will not so farr wrong your + godly minds as to thinke you heedless of these things, ther being also + diverce among you so well able to admonish both them selves & others + of what concerneth them. These few things therfore, & y<sup>e</sup> + same in few words, I doe ernestly com̅end unto your care & + conscience, joyning therwith my daily incessante prayers unto y<sup>e</sup> + Lord, y<sup>t</sup> he who hath made y<sup>e</sup> heavens & y<sup>e</sup> + earth, y<sup>e</sup> sea and all rivers of waters, and whose providence + is over all his workes, espetially over all his dear children for good, + would so guide & gard you in your wayes, as inwardly by his Spirite, + so outwardly by y<sup>e</sup> hand of his power, as y<sup>t</sup> both + you & we also, for & with you, may have after matter of praising + his name all y<sup>e</sup> days of your and our lives. Fare you well in + him in whom you trust, and in whom I rest. + </p> + <div class="center"> + An unfained wellwiller of your hapie<br /> success in this hopefull + voyage, + </div> + <div class="right"> + <span class="smcap">John Robinson.</span> + </div> + </div> + <p> + This letter, though large, yet being so frutfull in it selfe, and suitable + to their occation, I thought meete to inserte in this place. + </p> + <p> + All things being now ready, & every bussines dispatched, the company + was caled togeather, and this letter read amongst them, which had good + acceptation with all, and after fruit with many. Then they ordered <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span>& + distributed their company for either shipe, as they conceived for y<sup>e</sup> + best. And chose a Governor & 2. or 3. assistants for each shipe, to + order y<sup>e</sup> people by y<sup>e</sup> way, and see to y<sup>e</sup> + dispossing of there provissions, and shuch like affairs. All which was not + only with y<sup>e</sup> liking of y<sup>e</sup> maisters of y<sup>e</sup> + ships, but according to their desires. Which being done, they sett sayle + from thence aboute y<sup>e</sup> 5. of August; but what befell them + further upon y<sup>e</sup> coast of England will appeare in y<sup>e</sup> + nexte chapter. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + <a name="The_8_Chap" id="The_8_Chap"></a>The 8. Chap. + </h3> + <p> + <i>Off the troubls that befell them on the coaste, and at sea being + forced, after much trouble, to leave one of ther ships & some of their + companie behind them.</i> + </p> + <p> + [42] Being thus put to sea they had not gone farr, but M<sup>r</sup>. + Reinolds y<sup>e</sup> master of y<sup>e</sup> leser ship complained that + he found his ship so leak as he durst not put further to sea till she was + mended. So y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> biger ship (caled + M<sup>r</sup>. Jonas) being consulted with, they both resolved to put into + Dartmouth & have her ther searched & mended, which accordingly was + done, to their great charg & losse of time and a faire winde. She was + hear thorowly searcht from steme to sterne, some leaks were found & + mended, and now it was conceived by the workmen & all, that she was + sufficiente, & they might proceede without either fear or danger. So + with good hopes from hence, they put <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>to sea againe, conceiving they + should goe comfortably on, not looking for any more lets of this kind; but + it fell out otherwise, for after they were gone to sea againe above 100. + leagues without the Lands End, houlding company togeather all this while, + the m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> small ship complained his ship was so + leake as he must beare up or sinke at sea, for they could scarce free her + with much pumping. So they came to consultation againe, and resolved both + ships to bear up backe againe & put into Plim̅oth, which + accordingly was done. But no spetiall leake could be founde, but it was + judged to be y<sup>e</sup> generall weaknes of y<sup>e</sup> shipe, and + that shee would not prove sufficiente for the voiage. Upon which it was + resolved to dismise her & parte of y<sup>e</sup> companie, and + proceede with y<sup>e</sup> other shipe. The which (though it was + greevous, & caused great discouragmente) was put in execution. So + after they had tooke out such provission as y<sup>e</sup> other ship could + well stow, and concluded both what number and what persons to send bak, + they made another sad parting, y<sup>e</sup> one ship going backe for + London, and y<sup>e</sup> other was to proceede on her viage. Those that + went bak were for the most parte such as were willing so to doe, either + out of some discontente, or feare they conceived of y<sup>e</sup> ill + success of y<sup>e</sup> vioage, seeing so many croses befale, & the + year time so farr spente; but others, in regarde of their owne weaknes, + and charge of many yonge children, were thought least usefull, and most + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>unfite + to bear y<sup>e</sup> brunte of this hard adventure; unto which worke of + God, and judgmente of their brethern, they were contented to submite. And + thus, like Gedions armie, this small number was devided, as if y<sup>e</sup> + Lord by this worke of his providence thought these few to many for y<sup>e</sup> + great worke he had to doe. But here by the way let me show, how afterward + it was found y<sup>t</sup> the leaknes of this ship was partly by being + over masted, and too much pressed with sayles; for after she was sould + & put into her old trime, she made many viages & performed her + service very sufficiently, to y<sup>e</sup> great profite of her owners. + But more espetially, by the cuning & deceite of y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. + & his company, who were hired to stay a whole year in y<sup>e</sup> + cuntrie, and now fancying dislike & fearing wante of victeles, they + ploted this strategem to free them selves; as afterwards was knowne, & + by some of them confessed. For they apprehended y<sup>t</sup> the greater + ship, being of force, & in whom most of y<sup>e</sup> provissions were + stowed, she would retayne enough for her selfe, what soever became of them + or y<sup>e</sup> passengers; & indeed shuch speeches had bene cast out + by some of them; and yet, besids other incouragments, y<sup>e</sup> cheefe + of them that came from Leyden wente in this shipe to give y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. + contente. But so strong was self love & his fears, as he forgott all + duty and [43] former kindnesses, & delt thus falsly with them, though + he pretended otherwise. Amongest those that returned was M<sup>r</sup>. + Cushman & his familie, whose hart <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span>& courage was gone from + them before, as it seems, though his body was with them till now he + departed; as may appear by a passionate letter he write to a freind in + London from Dartmouth, whilst y<sup>e</sup> ship lay ther a mending; the + which, besids y<sup>e</sup> expressions of his owne fears, it shows much + of y<sup>e</sup> providence of God working for their good beyonde man's + expectation, & other things concerning their condition in these + streats. I will hear relate it. And though it discover some infirmities in + him (as who under temtation is free), yet after this he continued to be a + spetiall instrumente for their good, and to doe y<sup>e</sup> offices of a + loving freind & faithfull brother unto them, and pertaker of much + comforte with them. + </p> + <p> + The letter is as followth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + To his loving friend Ed: S.<a name="FNanchor_Z_26" id="FNanchor_Z_26"></a><a + href="#Footnote_Z_26" class="fnanchor">[Z]</a> at Henige House in y<sup>e</sup> + Duks Place,<br /> these, &c. + </p> + <p class="ltr_dt"> + Dartmouth, Aug. 17. + </p> + <p> + Loving friend, my most kind remembrance to you & your wife, with + loving E. M. &c. whom in this world I never looke to see againe. For + besids y<sup>e</sup> eminente dangers of this viage, which are no less + then deadly, an infirmitie of body hath ceased me, which will not in all + lie<sup>c</sup>lyhoode leave me till death. What to call it I know not, + but it is a bundle of lead, as it were, crushing my harte more & + more these 14. days, as that allthough I doe y<sup>e</sup> acctions of a + liveing man, yet I am but as dead; but y<sup>e</sup> will of God be + done. Our pinass will not cease leaking, els I thinke we had been halfe + way at Virginia, our viage hither hath been as full of crosses, as our + selves <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span>have + been of crokednes. We put in hear to trim̅e her, & I thinke, as + others also, if we had stayed at sea but 3. or 4. howers more, shee + would have sunke right downe. And though she was twise trim̅ed at + Hamton, yet now shee is open and leakie as a seive; and ther was a + borde, a man might have puld of with his fingers, 2 foote longe, wher y<sup>e</sup> + water came in as at a mole hole. We lay at Hamton 7. days, in fair + weather, waiting for her, and now we lye hear waiting for her in as + faire a wind as can blowe, and so have done these 4. days, and are like + to lye 4. more, and by y<sup>t</sup> time y<sup>e</sup> wind will + happily turne as it did at Hampton. Our victualls will be halfe eaten + up, I thinke, before we goe from the coaste of England, and if our viage + last longe, we shall not have a months victialls when we come in y<sup>e</sup> + countrie. Neare 700<sup>li</sup>. hath bene bestowed at Hampton, upon + what I know not. Mr. Martin saith he neither can nor will give any + accounte of it, and if he be called upon for accounts he crieth out of + unthankfullnes for his paines & care, that we are susspitious of + him, and flings away, & will end nothing. Also he so insultēh + over our poore people, with shuch scorne & contempte, as if they + were not good enough to wipe his shoes. It would break your hart to see + his dealing,<a name="FNanchor_AA_27" id="FNanchor_AA_27"></a><a + href="#Footnote_AA_27" class="fnanchor">[AA]</a> and y<sup>e</sup> + mourning of our people. They complaine to me, & alass! I can doe + nothing for them; if I speake to him, he flies in my face, as mutinous, + and saith no complaints shall be heard or received but by him selfe, and + saith they are forwarde, & waspish, discontented people, & I doe + ill to hear them. Ther are others y<sup>t</sup> would lose all they have + put in, or make satisfaction for what they have had, that they might + departe: but he will not hear them, nor suffer them to goe ashore, least + they should rune away. The sailors also are so offended at his ignorante + bouldnes, in medling & controuling in things he knows not what + belongs too, as y<sup>t</sup> some <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span>threaten to misscheefe him, + others say they will leave y<sup>e</sup> shipe & goe their way. But + at y<sup>e</sup> best this cometh of it, y<sup>t</sup> he maks him selfe + a scorne & laughing stock unto them. As for M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, + excepte grace doe greatly swaye with him, he will hate us ten times more + then ever he loved us, for not confirming y<sup>e</sup> conditions. But + now, since some pinches have taken them, they begine to reveile y<sup>e</sup> + trueth, & say M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson was in y<sup>e</sup> falte who + charged them never to consente to those conditions, nor chuse me into + office, but indeede apointed them to chose them they did chose.<a + name="FNanchor_AB_28" id="FNanchor_AB_28"></a><a href="#Footnote_AB_28" + class="fnanchor">[AB]</a> But he & they will rue too late, they may + [44] now see, & all be ashamed when it is too late, that they were + so ignorante, yea, & so inordinate in their courses. I am sure as + they were resolved not to seale those conditions, I was not so resolute + at Hampton to have left y<sup>e</sup> whole bussines, excepte they would + seale them, & better y<sup>e</sup> vioage to have bene broken of + then, then to have brought such miserie to our selves, dishonour to God, + & detrimente to our loving freinds, as now it is like to doe. 4. or + 5. of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of them which came from Leyden, came resolved + never to goe on those conditions. And M<sup>r</sup>. Martine, he said he + never received no money on those conditions, he was not beholden to y<sup>e</sup> + marchants for a pine, they were bloudsuckers, & I know not what. + Simple man, he indeed never made any conditions w<sup>th</sup> the + marchants, nor ever spake with them. But did all that money flie to + Hampton, or was it his owne? Who will goe & lay out money so rashly + & lavishly as he did, and never know how he comes by it, or on what + conditions? 2<sup>ly</sup>. I tould him of y<sup>e</sup> alteration + longe agoe, & he was contente; but now he dominires, & said I + had betrayed them into y<sup>e</sup> hands of slaves; he is not beholden + to them, he can set out 2. ships him selfe to a viage. When, good man? + He hath but 50<sup>li</sup>. in, & if he should give up his accounts + he would not have a penie left <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" + id="Page_89">[89]</a></span>him, as I am persuaded,<a + name="FNanchor_AC_29" id="FNanchor_AC_29"></a><a href="#Footnote_AC_29" + class="fnanchor">[AC]</a> &c. Freind, if ever we make a plantation, + God works a mirakle; especially considering how scante we shall be of + victualls, and most of all ununited amongst our selves, & devoyd of + good tutors & regimente. Violence will break all. Wher is y<sup>e</sup> + meek & humble spirite of Moyses? & of Nehemiah who reedified y<sup>e</sup> + wals of Jerusalem, & y<sup>e</sup> state of Israell? Is not y<sup>e</sup> + sound of Rehoboams braggs daly hear amongst us? Have not y<sup>e</sup> + philosophers and all wise men observed y<sup>t</sup>, even in setled com̅one + welths, violente governours bring either them selves, or people, or + boath, to ruine; how much more in y<sup>e</sup> raising of com̅one + wealths, when y<sup>e</sup> morter is yet scarce tempered y<sup>t</sup> + should bind y<sup>e</sup> wales. If I should write to you of all things + which promiscuously forerune our ruine, I should over charge my weake + head and greeve your tender hart; only this, I pray you prepare for + evill tidings of us every day. But pray for us instantly, it may be y<sup>e</sup> + Lord will be yet entreated one way or other to make for us. I see not in + reason how we shall escape even y<sup>e</sup> gasping of hunger starved + persons; but God can doe much, & his will be done. It is better for + me to dye, then now for me to bear it, which I doe daly, & expecte + it howerly; haveing received y<sup>e</sup> sentance of death, both + within me & without me. Poore William King & my selfe doe strive<a + name="FNanchor_AD_30" id="FNanchor_AD_30"></a><a href="#Footnote_AD_30" + class="fnanchor">[AD]</a> who shall be meate first for y<sup>e</sup> + fishes; but we looke for a glorious resurrection, knowing Christ Jesus + after y<sup>e</sup> flesh no more, but looking unto y<sup>e</sup> joye y<sup>t</sup> + is before us, we will endure all these things and accounte them light in + comparison of y<sup>t</sup> joye we hope for. Remember me in all love to + our freinds as if I named them, whose praiers I desire ernestly, & + wish againe to see, but not till I can with more comforte looke them in + y<sup>e</sup> face. The Lord give us that true comforte which none can + take from us. I had a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" + id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>desire to make a breefe relation of our + estate to some freind. I doubte not but your wisdome will teach you + seasonably to utter things as here after you shall be called to it. That + which I have writen is treue, & many things more which I have + forborne. I write it as upon my life, and last confession in England. + What is of use to be spoken [45] of presently, you may speake of it, and + what is fitt to conceile, conceall. Pass by my weake maner, for my head + is weake, & my body feeble, y<sup>e</sup> Lord make me strong in + him, & keepe both you & yours. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your loving friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Robart Cushman.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="left"> + Dartmouth, Aug. 17. 1620. + </div> + </div> + <!-- end blockquot --> + <p> + These being his conceptions & fears at Dartmouth, they must needs be + much stronger now at Plimoth. + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + <a name="The_9_Chap" id="The_9_Chap"></a>The 9. Chap. + </h3> + <p class="center"> + <i>Of their vioage, & how they passed y<sup>e</sup> sea, and of their + safe arrivall at Cape Codd.</i> + </p> + <p> + <span class="smcap">Sept<sup>r</sup>: 6.</span> These troubls being blowne + over, and now all being compacte togeather in one shipe,<a + name="FNanchor_AE_31" id="FNanchor_AE_31"></a><a href="#Footnote_AE_31" + class="fnanchor">[AE]</a> they put to sea againe with a prosperus winde, + which continued diverce days togeather, which was some incouragmente unto + them; yet according to y<sup>e</sup> usuall maner many were afflicted with + sea-sicknes. And I may not omite hear a spetiall worke of Gods providence. + Ther was a proud & very profane yonge man, one of y<sup>e</sup> <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>sea-men, of + a lustie, able body, which made him the more hauty; he would allway be + contemning y<sup>e</sup> poore people in their sicknes, & cursing them + dayly with greēous execrations, and did not let to tell them, that he + hoped to help to cast halfe of them over board before they came to their + jurneys end, and to make mery with what they had; and if he were by any + gently reproved, he would curse and swear most bitterly. But it plased God + before they came halfe seas over, to smite this yong man with a greeveous + disease, of which he dyed in a desperate maner, and so was him selfe y<sup>e</sup> + first y<sup>t</sup> was throwne overbord. Thus his curses light on his + owne head; and it was an astonishmente to all his fellows, for they noted + it to be y<sup>e</sup> just hand of God upon him. + </p> + <p> + After they had injoyed faire winds and weather for a season, they were + incountred many times with crosse winds, and mette with many feirce + stormes, with which y<sup>e</sup> shipe was shroudly shaken, and her upper + works made very leakie; and one of the maine beames in y<sup>e</sup> midd + ships was bowed & craked, which put them in some fear that y<sup>e</sup> + shipe could not be able to performe y<sup>e</sup> vioage. So some of y<sup>e</sup> + cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> company, perceiveing y<sup>e</sup> mariners to + feare y<sup>e</sup> suffisiencie of y<sup>e</sup> shipe, as appeared by + their mutterings, they entred into serious consulltation with y<sup>e</sup> + m<sup>r</sup>. & other officers of y<sup>e</sup> ship, to consider in + time of y<sup>e</sup> danger; and rather to returne then to cast them + selves into a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span>desperate + & inevitable perill. And truly ther was great distraction & + differance of opinion amongst y<sup>e</sup> mariners them selves; faine + would they doe what could be done for their wages sake, (being now halfe + the seas over,) and on y<sup>e</sup> other hand they were loath to hazard + their lives too desperatly. But in examening of all opinions, the m<sup>r</sup>. + & others affirmed they knew y<sup>e</sup> ship to be stronge & + firme under water; and for the buckling of y<sup>e</sup> maine beame, ther + was a great iron scrue y<sup>e</sup> passengers brought out of Holland, + which would raise y<sup>e</sup> beame into his place; y<sup>e</sup> which + being done, the carpenter & m<sup>r</sup>. affirmed that with a post + put under it, set firme in y<sup>e</sup> lower deck, & otherways + bounde, he would make it sufficiente. And as for y<sup>e</sup> decks & + uper workes they would calke them as well as they could, and though with y<sup>e</sup> + workeing of y<sup>e</sup> ship they [46] would not longe keepe stanch, yet + ther would otherwise be no great danger, if they did not overpress her + with sails. So they com̅ited them selves to y<sup>e</sup> will of + God, & resolved to proseede. In sundrie of these stormes the winds + were so feirce, & y<sup>e</sup> seas so high, as they could not beare + a knote of saile, but were forced to hull, for diverce days togither. And + in one of them, as they thus lay at hull, in a mighty storme, a lustie + yonge man (called John Howland) coming upon some occasion above y<sup>e</sup> + grattings, was, with a seele of the shipe throwne into [y<sup>e</sup>] + sea; but it pleased God y<sup>t</sup> he caught hould of y<sup>e</sup> + top-saile <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span>halliards, + which hunge over board, & rane out at length; yet he held his hould + (though he was sundrie fadomes under water) till he was hald up by y<sup>e</sup> + same rope to y<sup>e</sup> brime of y<sup>e</sup> water, and then with a + boat hooke & other means got into y<sup>e</sup> shipe againe, & + his life saved; and though he was something ill with it, yet he lived many + years after, and became a profitable member both in church & com̅one + wealthe. In all this viage ther died but one of y<sup>e</sup> passengers, + which was William Butten, a youth, servant to Samuell Fuller, when they + drew near y<sup>e</sup> coast. But to omite other things, (that I may be + breefe,) after longe beating at sea they fell with that land which is + called Cape Cod; the which being made & certainly knowne to be it, + they were not a litle joyfull. After some deliberation had amongst them + selves & with y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> ship, they + tacked aboute and resolved to stande for y<sup>e</sup> southward (y<sup>e</sup> + wind & weather being faire) to finde some place aboute Hudsons river + for their habitation. But after they had sailed y<sup>t</sup> course + aboute halfe y<sup>e</sup> day, they fell amongst deangerous shoulds and + roring breakers, and they were so farr intangled ther with as they + conceived them selves in great danger; & y<sup>e</sup> wind shrinking + upon them withall, they resolved to bear up againe for the Cape, and + thought them selves hapy to gett out of those dangers before night + overtooke them, as by Gods providence they did. And y<sup>e</sup> next day + they gott into y<sup>e</sup> Cape-harbor wher they ridd in <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span>saftie. A + word or too by y<sup>e</sup> way of this cape; it was thus first named by + Capten Gosnole & his company,<a name="FNanchor_AF_32" + id="FNanchor_AF_32"></a><a href="#Footnote_AF_32" class="fnanchor">[AF]</a> + Anno: 1602, and after by Capten Smith was caled Cape James; but it retains + y<sup>e</sup> former name amongst seamen. Also y<sup>t</sup> pointe which + first shewed those dangerous shoulds unto them, they called Pointe Care, + & Tuckers Terrour; but y<sup>e</sup> French & Dutch to this day + call it Malabarr, by reason of those perilous shoulds, and y<sup>e</sup> + losses they have suffered their. + </p> + <p> + Being thus arived in a good harbor and brought safe to land, they fell + upon their knees & blessed y<sup>e</sup> God of heaven, who had + brought them over y<sup>e</sup> vast & furious ocean, and delivered + them from all y<sup>e</sup> periles & miseries therof, againe to set + their feete on y<sup>e</sup> firme and stable earth, their proper + elemente. And no marvell if they were thus joyefull, seeing wise Seneca + was so affected with sailing a few miles on y<sup>e</sup> coast of his + owne Italy; as he affirmed,<a name="FNanchor_AG_33" id="FNanchor_AG_33"></a><a + href="#Footnote_AG_33" class="fnanchor">[AG]</a> that he had rather + remaine twentie years on his way by land, then pass by sea to any place in + a short time; so tedious & dreadfull was y<sup>e</sup> same unto him. + </p> + <p> + But hear I cannot but stay and make a pause, and stand half amased at this + poore peoples presente condition; and so I thinke will the reader too, + when he well considers [47] y<sup>e</sup> same. Being thus passed y<sup>e</sup> + vast ocean, and a sea of troubles before in their preparation (as may be + remembred by y<sup>t</sup> which wente <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>before), they had now no + freinds to wellcome them, nor inns to entertaine or refresh their + weatherbeaten bodys, no houses or much less townes to repaire too, to + seeke for succoure. It is recorded in scripture<a name="FNanchor_AH_34" + id="FNanchor_AH_34"></a><a href="#Footnote_AH_34" class="fnanchor">[AH]</a> + as a mercie to y<sup>e</sup> apostle & his shipwraked company, y<sup>t</sup> + the barbarians shewed them no smale kindnes in refreshing them, but these + savage barbarians, when they mette with them (as after will appeare) were + readier to fill their sids full of arrows then otherwise. And for y<sup>e</sup> + season it was winter, and they that know y<sup>e</sup> winters of y<sup>t</sup> + cuntrie know them to be sharp & violent, & subjecte to cruell + & feirce stormes, deangerous to travill to known places, much more to + serch an unknown coast. Besids, what could they see but a hidious & + desolate wildernes, full of wild beasts & willd men? and what + multituds ther might be of them they knew not. Nether could they, as it + were, goe up to y<sup>e</sup> tope of Pisgah, to vew from this willdernes + a more goodly cuntrie to feed their hops; for which way soever they turnd + their eys (save upward to y<sup>e</sup> heavens) they could have litle + solace or content in respecte of any outward objects. For sum̅er + being done, all things stand upon them with a wetherbeaten face; and y<sup>e</sup> + whole countrie, full of woods & thickets, represented a wild & + savage heiw. If they looked behind them, ther was y<sup>e</sup> mighty + ocean which they had passed, and was now as a <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span>maine barr & goulfe to + seperate them from all y<sup>e</sup> civill parts of y<sup>e</sup> world. + If it be said they had a ship to sucour them, it is trew; but what heard + they daly from y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. & company? but y<sup>t</sup> + with speede they should looke out a place with their shallop, wher they + would be at some near distance; for y<sup>e</sup> season was shuch as he + would not stirr from thence till a safe harbor was discovered by them wher + they would be, and he might goe without danger; and that victells consumed + apace, but he must & would keepe sufficient for them selves & + their returne. Yea, it was muttered by some, that if they gott not a place + in time, they would turne them & their goods ashore & leave them. + Let it also be considred what weake hopes of supply & succoure they + left behinde them, y<sup>t</sup> might bear up their minds in this sade + condition and trialls they were under; and they could not but be very + smale. It is true, indeed, y<sup>e</sup> affections & love of their + brethren at Leyden was cordiall & entire towards them, but they had + litle power to help them, or them selves; and how y<sup>e</sup> case stode + betweene them & y<sup>e</sup> marchants at their coming away, hath + allready been declared. What could now sustaine them but the spirite of + God & his grace? May not & ought not the children of these fathers + rightly say: <i>Our faithers were Englishmen which came over this great + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span>ocean, + and were ready to perish in this willdernes;<a name="FNanchor_AI_35" + id="FNanchor_AI_35"></a><a href="#Footnote_AI_35" class="fnanchor">[AI]</a> + but they cried unto y<sup>e</sup> Lord, and he heard their voyce, and + looked on their adversitie, &c. Let them therfore praise y<sup>e</sup> + Lord, because he is good, & his mercies endure for ever.</i><a + name="FNanchor_AJ_36" id="FNanchor_AJ_36"></a><a href="#Footnote_AJ_36" + class="fnanchor">[AJ]</a> <i>Yea, let them which have been redeemed of y<sup>e</sup> + Lord, shew how he hath delivered them from y<sup>e</sup> hand of y<sup>e</sup> + oppressour. When they wandered in y<sup>e</sup> deserte willdernes out of + y<sup>e</sup> way, and found no citie to dwell in, both hungrie, & + thirstie, their sowle was overwhelmed in them. Let them confess before y<sup>e</sup> + Lord his loving kindnes, and his wonderfull works before y<sup>e</sup> + sons of men.</i> + </p> + <hr /> + <h3> + <a name="The_10_Chap" id="The_10_Chap"></a>The 10. Chap. + </h3> + <p class="center"> + <i>Showing how they sought out a place of habitation, and what befell them + theraboute.</i> + </p> + <p> + [48] Being thus arrived at Cap-Cod y<sup>e</sup> 11. of November, and + necessitie calling them to looke out a place for habitation, (as well as + the maisters & mariners importunitie,) they having brought a large + shalop with them out of England, stowed in quarters in y<sup>e</sup> ship, + they now gott her out & sett their carpenters to worke to trime her + up; but being much brused & shatered in y<sup>e</sup> shipe w<sup>th</sup> + foule weather, they saw she would be longe in mending. Wherupon a few of + them tendered them selves to goe by land and discovere those nearest + places, whilst y<sup>e</sup> shallop was in <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span>mending; and y<sup>e</sup> + rather because as they wente into y<sup>t</sup> harbor ther seemed to be + an opening some 2. or 3 leagues of, which y<sup>e</sup> maister judged to + be a river. It was conceived ther might be some danger in y<sup>e</sup> + attempte, yet seeing them resolute, they were permited to goe, being 16. + of them well armed, under y<sup>e</sup> conduct of Captain Standish, + having shuch instructions given them as was thought meete. They sett forth + y<sup>e</sup> 15. of Nove<sup>br</sup>: and when they had marched aboute + the space of a mile by y<sup>e</sup> sea side, they espied 5. or 6. + persons with a dogg coming towards them, who were salvages; but they fled + from them, & ran̅e up into y<sup>e</sup> woods, and y<sup>e</sup> + English followed them, partly to see if they could speake with them, and + partly to discover if ther might not be more of them lying in ambush. But + y<sup>e</sup> Indeans seeing them selves thus followed, they againe + forsooke the woods, & rane away on y<sup>e</sup> sands as hard as they + could, so as they could not come near them, but followed them by y<sup>e</sup> + tracte of their feet sundrie miles, and saw that they had come the same + way. So, night coming on, they made their randevous & set out their + sentinels, and rested in quiete <i>y<sup>t</sup> night</i>, and the next + morning followed their tracte till they had headed a great creake, & + so left the sands, & turned an other way into y<sup>e</sup> woods. But + they still followed them by geuss, hopeing to find their dwellings; but + they soone lost both them & them selves, falling into shuch thickets + as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span>were + ready to tear their cloaths & armore in peeces, but were most + distresed for wante of drinke. But at length they found water & + refreshed them selves, being y<sup>e</sup> first New-England water they + drunke of, and was now in thir great thirste as pleasante unto them as + wine or bear had been in for-times. Afterwards they directed their course + to come to y<sup>e</sup> other [49] shore, for they knew it was a necke of + land they were to crosse over, and so at length gott to y<sup>e</sup> + sea-side, and marched to this supposed river, & by y<sup>e</sup> way + found a pond of clear fresh water, and shortly after a good quantitie of + clear ground wher y<sup>e</sup> Indeans had formerly set corne, and some + of their graves. And proceeding furder they saw new-stuble wher corne had + been set y<sup>e</sup> same year, also they found wher latly a house had + been, wher some planks and a great ketle was remaining, and heaps of sand + newly padled with their hands, which they, digging up, found in them + diverce faire Indean baskets filled with corne, and some in eares, faire + and good, of diverce collours, which seemed to them a very goodly sight, + (haveing never seen any shuch before). This was near y<sup>e</sup> place + of that supposed river they came to seeck; unto which they wente and found + it to open it selfe into 2. armes with a high cliffe of sand in y<sup>e</sup> + enterance, but more like to be crikes of salte water then any fresh, for + ought they saw; and that ther was good harborige for their shalope; + leaving it further to be discovered <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span>by their shalop when she was + ready. So their time limeted them being expired, they returned to y<sup>e</sup> + ship, least they should be in fear of their saftie; and tooke with them + parte of y<sup>e</sup> corne, and buried up y<sup>e</sup> rest, and so + like y<sup>e</sup> men from Eshcoll carried with them of y<sup>e</sup> + fruits of y<sup>e</sup> land, & showed their breethren; of which, + & their returne, they were marvelusly glad, and their harts + incouraged. + </p> + <p> + After this, y<sup>e</sup> shalop being got ready, they set out againe for + y<sup>e</sup> better discovery of this place, & y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. + of y<sup>e</sup> ship desired to goe him selfe, so ther went some 30. men, + but found it to be no harbor for ships but only for boats; ther was allso + found 2. of their houses covered with matts, & sundrie of their + implements in them, but y<sup>e</sup> people were rune away & could + not be seen; also ther was found more of their corne, & of their beans + of various collours. The corne & beans they brought away, purposing to + give them full satisfaction when they should meete with any of them (as + about some 6. months afterward they did, to their good contente). And here + is to be noted a spetiall providence of God, and a great mercie to this + poore people, that hear they gott seed to plant them corne y<sup>e</sup> + next year, or els they might have starved, for they had none, nor any + liklyhood to get any [50] till y<sup>e</sup> season had beene past (as y<sup>e</sup> + sequell did manyfest). Neither is it lickly they had had this, if y<sup>e</sup> + first viage had <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span>not + been made, for the ground was now all covered with snow, & hard + frozen. But the Lord is never wanting unto his in their greatest needs; + let his holy name have all y<sup>e</sup> praise. + </p> + <p> + The month of November being spente in these affairs, & much foule + weather falling in, the 6. <i>of Desem<sup>r</sup></i>: they sente out + their shallop againe with 10. of their principall men, & some sea men, + upon further discovery, intending to circulate that deepe bay of Cap-codd. + The weather was very could, & it frose so hard as y<sup>e</sup> sprea + of y<sup>e</sup> sea lighting on their coats, they were as if they had + been glased; yet <i>that night</i> betimes they gott downe into y<sup>e</sup> + botome of y<sup>e</sup> bay, and as they drue nere y<sup>e</sup> shore + they saw some 10. or 12. Indeans very busie aboute some thing. They landed + aboute a league or 2. from them, and had much a doe to put a shore any + wher, it lay so full of flats. Being landed, it grew late, and they made + them selves a barricade with loggs & bowes as well as they could in y<sup>e</sup> + time, & set out their sentenill & betooke them to rest, and saw y<sup>e</sup> + smoake of y<sup>e</sup> fire y<sup>e</sup> savages made y<sup>t</sup> + night. When <i>morning</i> was come they devided their company, some to + coaste along y<sup>e</sup> shore in y<sup>e</sup> boate, and the rest + marched throw y<sup>e</sup> woods to see y<sup>e</sup> land, if any fit + place might be for their dwelling. They came allso to y<sup>e</sup> place + wher they saw the Indans y<sup>e</sup> night before, & found they had + been cuting up a great fish like a grampus, being some 2. inches thike of + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span>fate + like a hogg, some peeces wher of they had left by y<sup>e</sup> way; and y<sup>e</sup> + shallop found 2. more of these fishes dead on y<sup>e</sup> sands, a thing + usuall after storms in y<sup>t</sup> place, by reason of y<sup>e</sup> + great flats of sand that lye of. So they ranged up and doune all y<sup>t</sup> + day, but found no people, nor any place they liked. When y<sup>e</sup> + sune grue low, they hasted out of y<sup>e</sup> woods to meete with their + shallop, to whom they made signes to come to them into a <i>creeke</i> + hardby, the which they did at highwater; of which they were very glad, for + they had not seen each other all y<sup>t</sup> day, since y<sup>e</sup> + morning. So they made them a barricado (as usually they did every night) + with loggs, staks, & thike pine bowes, y<sup>e</sup> height of a man, + leaving it open to leeward, partly to shelter them from y<sup>e</sup> + could & wind (making their fire in y<sup>e</sup> midle, & lying + round aboute it), and partly to defend them from any sudden assaults of y<sup>e</sup> + savags, if they should surround them. So being very weary, they betooke + them to rest. But aboute <i>midnight</i>, [51] they heard a hideous & + great crie, and their sentinell caled, "Arme, arme"; so they bestired them + & stood to their armes, & shote of a cupple of moskets, and then + the noys seased. They concluded it was a companie of wolves, or such like + willd beasts; for one of y<sup>e</sup> sea men tould them he had often + heard shuch a noyse in New-found land. So they rested till about 5. of y<sup>e</sup> + clock in the <i>morning</i>; for y<sup>e</sup> tide, & ther purposs to + goe from thence, made them be stiring betimes. So <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span>after praier they prepared + for breakfast, and it being day dawning, it was thought best to be carring + things downe to y<sup>e</sup> boate. But some said it was not best to + carrie y<sup>e</sup> armes downe, others said they would be the readier, + for they had laped them up in their coats from y<sup>e</sup> dew. But some + 3. or 4. would not cary theirs till they wente them selves, yet as it fell + out, y<sup>e</sup> water being not high enough, they layed them downe on y<sup>e</sup> + banke side, & came up to breakfast. But presently, all on y<sup>e</sup> + sudain, they heard a great & strange crie, which they knew to be the + same voyces they heard in y<sup>e</sup> night, though they varied their + notes, & one of their company being abroad came runing in, & + cried, "Men, Indeans, Indeans"; and w<sup>th</sup>all, their arowes came + flying amongst them. Their men rane with all speed to recover their armes, + as by y<sup>e</sup> good providence of God they did. In y<sup>e</sup> mean + time, of those that were ther ready, tow muskets were discharged at them, + & 2. more stood ready in y<sup>e</sup> enterance of ther randevoue, + but were comanded not to shoote till they could take full aime at them; + & y<sup>e</sup> other 2. charged againe with all speed, for ther were + only 4. had armes ther, & defended y<sup>e</sup> baricado which was + first assalted. The crie of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans was dreadfull, + espetially when they saw ther men rune out of y<sup>e</sup> randevoue + towourds y<sup>e</sup> shallop, to recover their armes, the Indeans + wheeling aboute upon them. But some run̅ing out with coats of malle + on, & cutlasses <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span>in + their hands, they soone got their armes, & let flye amongs them, and + quickly stopped their violence. Yet ther was a lustie man, and no less + valiante, stood behind a tree within halfe a musket shot, and let his + arrows flie at them. He was seen shoot 3. arrowes, which were all avoyded. + He stood 3. shot of a musket, till one taking full aime at him, and made y<sup>e</sup> + barke or splinters of y<sup>e</sup> tree fly about his ears, after which + he gave an extraordinary shrike, and away they wente all of them. They + left some to keep y<sup>e</sup> shalop, and followed them aboute a quarter + of a mille, and shouted once or twise, and shot of 2. or 3. peces, & + so returned. This they did, that they might conceive that they were not + [52] affrade of them or any way discouraged. Thus it pleased God to + vanquish their enimies, and give them deliverance; and by his spetiall + providence so to dispose that not any one of them were either hurte, or + hitt, though their arrows came close by them, & on every side them, + and sundry of their coats, which hunge up in y<sup>e</sup> barricado, were + shot throw & throw. Aterwards they gave God sollamne thanks & + praise for their deliverance, & gathered up a bundle of their arrows, + & sente them into England afterward by y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. of + y<sup>e</sup> ship, and called that place y<sup>e</sup> first encounter. + From hence they departed, & costed all along, but discerned no place + likly for harbor; & therfore hasted to a place that their pillote, + (one Mr. Coppin who had <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" + id="Page_105">[105]</a></span>bine in y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie before) did + assure them was a good harbor, which he had been in, and they might fetch + it before night; of which they were glad, for it begane to be foule + weather. After some houres sailing, it begane to snow & raine, & + about y<sup>e</sup> midle of y<sup>e</sup> afternoone, y<sup>e</sup> wind + increased, & y<sup>e</sup> sea became very rough, and they broake + their rudder, & it was as much as 2. men could doe to steere her with + a cupple of oares. But their pillott bad them be of good cheere, for he + saw y<sup>e</sup> harbor; but y<sup>e</sup> storme increasing, & night + drawing on, they bore what saile they could to gett in, while they could + see. But herwith they broake their mast in 3. peeces, & their saill + fell over bord, in a very grown sea, so as they had like to have been cast + away; yet by Gods mercie they recovered them selves, & having y<sup>e</sup> + floud with them, struck into y<sup>e</sup> harbore. But when it came too, + y<sup>e</sup> pillott was deceived in y<sup>e</sup> place, and said, y<sup>e</sup> + Lord be mercifull unto them, for his eys never saw y<sup>t</sup> place + before; & he & the m<sup>r</sup>. mate would have rune her ashore, + in a cove full of breakers, before y<sup>e</sup> winde. But a lusty seaman + which steered, bad those which rowed, if they were men, about with her, or + ells they were all cast away; the which they did with speed. So he bid + them be of good cheere & row lustly, for ther was a faire sound before + them, & he doubted not but they should find one place or other wher + they might ride in saftie. And though it was <i>very darke</i>, <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span>and + rained sore, yet in y<sup>e</sup> end they gott under y<sup>e</sup> lee of + a smalle iland, and remained ther all y<sup>t</sup> night in saftie. But + they knew not this to be an iland till morning, but were devided in their + minds; some would keepe y<sup>e</sup> boate for fear they might be amongst + y<sup>e</sup> Indians; others were so weake and could, they could not + endure, but got a shore, & with much adoe got fire, (all things being + so wett,) and y<sup>e</sup> rest were glad to come to them; for after + midnight y<sup>e</sup> wind shifted to the [53] north-west, & it frose + hard. But though this had been a day & night of much trouble & + danger unto them, yet God gave them a <i>morning</i> of comforte & + refreshing (as usually he doth to his children), for y<sup>e</sup> next + day was a faire sunshinīg day, and they found them sellvs to be on an + iland secure from y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, wher they might drie their stufe, + fixe their peeces, & rest them selves, and gave God thanks for his + mercies, in their manifould deliverances. And this being the <i>last day + of y<sup>e</sup> weeke</i>, they prepared ther to keepe y<sup>e</sup> <i>Sabath</i>. + On <i>Munday</i> they sounded y<sup>e</sup> harbor, and founde it fitt for + shipping; and marched into y<sup>e</sup> land, & found diverse + cornfeilds, & litle runing brooks, a place (as they supposed) fitt for + situation; at least it was y<sup>e</sup> best they could find, and y<sup>e</sup> + season, & their presente necessitie, made them glad to accepte of it. + So they returned to their shipp againe with this news to y<sup>e</sup> + rest of their people, which did much comforte their harts. <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + On y<sup>e</sup> 15. <i>of Desem<sup>r</sup></i>: they wayed anchor to goe + to y<sup>e</sup> place they had discovered, & came within 2. leagues + of it, but were faine to bear up againe; but y<sup>e</sup> 16. <i>day</i> + y<sup>e</sup> winde came faire, and they arrived safe in this harbor. And + after wards tooke better view of y<sup>e</sup> place, and resolved wher to + pitch their dwelling; and y<sup>e</sup> 25. <i>day</i> begane to erecte y<sup>e</sup> + first house for com̅one use to receive them and their goods. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> + </p> + <hr /> + <h2> + <a name="The_2_Booke" id="The_2_Booke"></a>The 2. Booke. + </h2> + <hr /> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> + <a href="images/fig10_l.jpg"> <img src="images/fig10.jpg" alt="" title="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p> + The rest of this History (if God give me life, & opportunitie) I + shall, for brevitis sake, handle by way of <i>annalls</i>, noteing only + the heads of principall things, and passages as they fell in order of + time, and may seeme to be profitable to know, or to make use of. And this + may be as y<sup>e</sup> 2. Booke. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <i><a name="a1620" id="a1620"></a>The remainder of An<sup>o</sup>:</i> + 1620. + </p> + <p> + I shall a litle returne backe and begine with a combination made by them + before they came ashore, being y<sup>e</sup> first foundation of their + govermente in this place; occasioned partly by y<sup>e</sup> discontented + & mutinous speeches that some of the strangers amongst them had let + fall from them in y<sup>e</sup> ship—That when they came a shore + they would use their owne libertie; for none had power to com̅and + them, the patente they had being for Virginia, and not for New-england, + which belonged to an other Goverment, with which y<sup>e</sup> Virginia + Company had nothing to doe. And partly that shuch an [54] acte by them + done (this their condition considered) might be as firme as any patent, + and in some respects more sure. + </p> + <p> + The forme was as followeth. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" + id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + In y<sup>e</sup> name of God, Amen. We whose names are underwriten, the + loyall subjects of our dread soveraigne Lord, King James, by y<sup>e</sup> + grace of God, of Great Britaine, Franc, & Ireland king, defender of + y<sup>e</sup> faith, &c., haveing undertaken, for y<sup>e</sup> + glorie of God, and advancemente of y<sup>e</sup> Christian faith, and + honour of our king & countrie, a voyage to plant y<sup>e</sup> first + colonie in y<sup>e</sup> Northerne parts of Virginia, doe by these + presents solemnly & mutualy in y<sup>e</sup> presence of God, and + one of another, covenant & combine our selves togeather into a + civill body politick, for our better ordering & preservation & + furtherance of y<sup>e</sup> ends aforesaid; and by vertue hearof to + enacte, constitute, and frame such just & equall lawes, ordinances, + acts, constitutions, & offices, from time to time, as shall be + thought most meete & convenient for y<sup>e</sup> generall good of y<sup>e</sup> + Colonie, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In + witnes wherof we have hereunder subscribed our names at Cap-Codd y<sup>e</sup> + 11. of November, in y<sup>e</sup> year of y<sup>e</sup> raigne of our + soveraigne lord, King James, of England, France, & Ireland y<sup>e</sup> + eighteenth, and of Scotland y<sup>e</sup> fiftie fourth. An<sup>o</sup>: + Dom. 1620. + </p> + </div> + <p> + After this they chose, or rather confirmed, M<sup>r</sup>. John Carver (a + man godly & well approved amongst them) their Governour for that year. + And after they had provided a place for their goods, or comone store, + (which were long in unlading for want of boats, foulnes of winter weather, + and sicknes of diverce,) and begune some small cottages for their + habitation, as time would admitte, they mette and consulted of lawes & + orders, both for their civill & military Govermente, as y<sup>e</sup> + necessitie of their condition did require, still adding therunto as urgent + occasion in severall times, and as cases did require. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + In these hard & difficulte beginings they found some discontents & + murmurings arise amongst some, and mutinous speeches & carriags in + other; but they were soone quelled & overcome by y<sup>e</sup> + wisdome, patience, and just & equall carrage of things by y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> and better part, w<sup>ch</sup> clave faithfully togeather + in y<sup>e</sup> maine. But that which was most sadd & lamentable was, + that in 2. or 3. moneths time halfe of their company dyed, espetialy in + Jan: & February, being y<sup>e</sup> depth of winter, and wanting + houses & other comforts; being infected with y<sup>e</sup> scurvie + & [55] other diseases, which this long vioage & their inacomodate + condition had brought upon them; so as ther dyed some times 2. or 3. of a + day, in y<sup>e</sup> foresaid time; that of 100. & odd persons, + scarce 50. remained. And of these in y<sup>e</sup> time of most distres, + ther was but 6. or 7. sound persons, who, to their great comendations be + it spoken, spared no pains, night nor day, but with abundance of toyle and + hazard of their owne health, fetched them woode, made them fires, drest + them meat, made their beads, washed their lothsome cloaths, cloathed & + uncloathed them; in a word, did all y<sup>e</sup> homly & necessarie + offices for them w<sup>ch</sup> dainty & quesie stomacks cannot endure + to hear named; and all this willingly & cherfully, without any + grudging in y<sup>e</sup> least, shewing herein their true love unto their + freinds & bretheren. A rare example & worthy to <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span>be + remembred. Tow of these 7. were M<sup>r</sup>. William Brewster, ther + reverend Elder, & Myles Standish, ther Captein & military + comander, unto whom my selfe, & many others, were much beholden in our + low & sicke condition. And yet the Lord so upheld these persons, as in + this generall calamity they were not at all infected either with sicknes, + or lamnes. And what I have said of these, I may say of many others who + dyed in this generall vissitation, & others yet living, that whilst + they had health, yea, or any strength continuing, they were not wanting to + any that had need of them. And I doute not but their recompence is with y<sup>e</sup> + Lord. + </p> + <p> + But I may not hear pass by an other remarkable passage not to be + forgotten. As this calamitie fell among y<sup>e</sup> passengers that were + to be left here to plant, and were hasted a shore and made to drinke + water, that y<sup>e</sup> sea-men might have y<sup>e</sup> more bear, and + one<a name="FNanchor_AK_37" id="FNanchor_AK_37"></a><a + href="#Footnote_AK_37" class="fnanchor">[AK]</a> in his sicknes desiring + but a small cann of beere, it was answered, that if he were their owne + father he should have none; the disease begane to fall amongst them also, + so as allmost halfe of their company dyed before they went away, and many + of their officers and lustyest men, as y<sup>e</sup> boatson, gunner, 3. + quarter-maisters, the cooke, & others. At w<sup>ch</sup> y<sup>e</sup> + m<sup>r</sup>. was something strucken and sent to y<sup>e</sup> sick a + shore and tould y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> he should send for beer for + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span>them + that had need of it, though he drunke water homward bound. But now amongst + his company [56] ther was farr another kind of carriage in this miserie + then amongst y<sup>e</sup> passengers; for they that before had been boone + companions in drinking & joyllity in y<sup>e</sup> time of their + health & wellfare, begane now to deserte one another in this + calamitie, saing they would not hasard ther lives for them, they should be + infected by coming to help them in their cabins, and so, after they came + to dye by it, would doe litle or nothing for them, but if they dyed let + them dye. But shuch of y<sup>e</sup> passengers as were yet abord shewed + them what mercy they could, w<sup>ch</sup> made some of their harts + relente, as y<sup>e</sup> boatson (& some others), who was a prowd + yonge man, and would often curse & scofe at y<sup>e</sup> passengers; + but when he grew weak, they had compassion on him and helped him; then he + confessed he did not deserve it at their hands, he had abused them in word + & deed. O! saith he, you, I now see, shew your love like Christians + indeed one to another, but we let one another lye & dye like doggs. + Another lay cursing his wife, saing if it had not ben for her he had never + come this unlucky viage, and anone cursing his felows, saing he had done + this & that, for some of them, he had spente so much, & so much, + amongst them, and they were now weary of him, and did not help him, having + need. Another gave his companion all he had, if he died, to help <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span>him in + his weaknes; he went and got a litle spise & made him a mess of meat + once or twise, and because he dyed not so soone as he expected, he went + amongst his fellows, & swore y<sup>e</sup> rogue would cousen him, he + would see him choaked before he made him any more meate; and yet y<sup>e</sup> + pore fellow dyed before morning. + </p> + <p> + All this while y<sup>e</sup> Indians came skulking about them, and would + sometimes show them selves aloofe of, but when any aproached near them, + they would rune away. And once they stoale away their tools wher they had + been at worke, & were gone to diner. But about y<sup>e</sup> 16. <i>of + March</i> a certaine Indian came bouldly amongst them, and spoke to them + in broken English, which they could well understand, but marvelled at it. + At length they understood by discourse with him, that he was not of these + parts, but belonged to y<sup>e</sup> eastrene parts, wher some + English-ships came to fhish, with whom he was aquainted, & could name + sundrie of them by their names, amongst whom he had gott his language. He + became proftable to them [57] in aquainting them with many things + concerning y<sup>e</sup> state of y<sup>e</sup> cuntry in y<sup>e</sup> + east-parts wher he lived, which was afterwards profitable unto them; as + also of y<sup>e</sup> people hear, of their names, number, & strength; + of their situation & distance from this place, and who was cheefe + amongst them. His name was <i>Samaset</i>; he tould them also of another + Indian whos name was <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span><i>Squanto</i>, + a native of this place, who had been in England & could speake better + English then him selfe. Being, after some time of entertainmente & + gifts, dismist, a while after he came againe, & 5. more with him, + & they brought againe all y<sup>e</sup> tooles that were stolen away + before, and made way for y<sup>e</sup> coming of their great Sachem, + called <i>Massasoyt</i>; who, about <i>4. or 5. days after</i>, came with + the cheefe of his freinds & other attendance, with the aforesaid <i>Squanto</i>. + With whom, after frendly entertainment, & some gifts given him, they + made a peace with him (which hath now continued this 24. years) in these + terms. + </p> + <p> + 1. That neither he nor any of his, should injurie or doe hurte to any of + their peopl. + </p> + <p> + 2. That if any of his did any hurte to any of theirs, he should send y<sup>e</sup> + offender, that they might punish him. + </p> + <p> + 3. That if any thing were taken away from any of theirs, he should cause + it to be restored; and they should doe y<sup>e</sup> like to his. + </p> + <p> + 4. If any did unjustly warr against him, they would aide him; if any did + warr against them, he should aide them. + </p> + <p> + 5. He should send to his neighbours confederats, to certifie them of this, + that they might not wrong them, but might be likewise comprised in y<sup>e</sup> + conditions of peace. + </p> + <p> + 6. That when ther men came to them, they should leave their bows & + arrows behind them. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + After these things he returned to his place caled <i>Sowams</i>, some 40. + mile from this place, but <i>Squanto</i> continued with them, and was + their interpreter, and was a spetiall instrument sent of God for their + good beyond their expectation. He directed them how to set their corne, + wher to take fish, and to procure other comodities, and was also their + pilott to bring them to unknowne places for their profitt, and never left + them till he dyed. He was a <i>native [58] of this place</i>, & scarce + any left alive besids him selfe. He was caried away with diverce others by + one <i>Hunt</i>, a m<sup>r</sup>. of a ship, who thought to sell them for + slaves in Spaine; but he got away for England, and was entertained by a + marchante in London, & imployed to New-foundland & other parts, + & lastly brought hither into these parts by one M<sup>r</sup>. <i>Dermer</i>, + a gentle-man imployed by Sr. Ferdinando Gorges & others, for + discovery, & other designes in these parts. Of whom I shall say some + thing, because it is mentioned in a booke set forth An<sup>o</sup>: 1622. + by the Presidente & Counsell for New-England,<a name="FNanchor_AL_38" + id="FNanchor_AL_38"></a><a href="#Footnote_AL_38" class="fnanchor">[AL]</a> + that he made y<sup>e</sup> peace betweene y<sup>e</sup> salvages of these + parts & y<sup>e</sup> English; of which this plantation, as it is + intimated, had y<sup>e</sup> benefite. But what a peace it was, may apeare + by what befell him & his men. + </p> + <p> + This M<sup>r</sup>. Dermer was hear the same year that these <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span>people + came, as apears by a relation written by him, & given me by a friend, + bearing date June 30. An<sup>o</sup>: 1620. And they came in Novemb<sup>r</sup>: + following, so ther was but 4. months differance. In which relation to his + honored freind, he hath these passages of this very place. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + I will first begine (saith he) w<sup>th</sup> that place from whence <i>Squanto</i>, + or <i>Tisquantem</i>, was taken away; w<sup>ch</sup> in Cap: <i>Smiths + mape</i> is called <i>Plimoth</i>: and I would that Plimoth had y<sup>e</sup> + like comodities. I would that the first plantation might hear be seated, + if ther come to the number of 50. persons, or upward. Otherwise at + Charlton, because ther y<sup>e</sup> savages are lese to be feared. The + <i>Pocanawkits</i>, which live to y<sup>e</sup> <i>west</i> of <i>Plimoth</i>, + bear an inveterate malice to y<sup>e</sup> English, and are of more + streingth then all y<sup>e</sup> savags from thence to Penobscote. Their + desire of revenge was occasioned by an English man, who having many of + them on bord, made a great slaughter with their murderers & smale + shot, when as (they say) they offered no injurie on their parts. Whether + they were English or no, it may be douted; yet they beleeve they were, + for y<sup>e</sup> Frenche have so possest them; for which cause <i>Squanto</i> + can̅ot deney but they would have kiled me when I was at <i>Namasket</i>, + had he not entreated hard for me. The soyle of y<sup>e</sup> borders of + [59] this great bay, may be compared to most of y<sup>e</sup> + plantations which I have seene in Virginia. The land is of diverce + sorts; for <i>Patuxite</i> is a hardy but strong soyle, <i>Nawsel & + Saughtughtett</i> are for y<sup>e</sup> most part a blakish & deep + mould, much like that wher groweth y<sup>e</sup> best Tobaco in + Virginia. In y<sup>e</sup> botume of y<sup>t</sup> great bay is store of + Codd & basse, or mulett, &c. + </p> + </div> + <p> + But above all he comends <i>Pacanawkite</i> for y<sup>e</sup> richest + soyle, and much open ground fitt for English graine, &c. <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + <i>Massachussets</i> is about 9. leagues from <i>Plimoth</i>, & + situate in y<sup>e</sup> mids betweene both, is full of ilands & + peninsules very fertill for y<sup>e</sup> most parte. + </p> + </div> + <p> + With sundrie shuch relations which I forbear to transcribe, being now + better knowne then they were to him. + </p> + <p> + He was taken prisoner by y<sup>e</sup> Indeans at <i>Manamoiak</i> (a + place not farr from hence, now well knowne). He gave them what they + demanded for his liberty, but when they had gott what they desired, they + kept him still & indevored to kill his men; but he was freed by + seasing on some of them, and kept them bound till they gave him a cannows + load of corne. Of which, see Purch: lib. 9. fol. 1778. But this was An<sup>o</sup>: + 1619. + </p> + <p> + After y<sup>e</sup> writing of y<sup>e</sup> former relation he came to y<sup>e</sup> + Ile of <i>Capawack</i> (which lyes south of this place in y<sup>e</sup> + way to Virginia), and y<sup>e</sup> foresaid <i>Squanto</i> w<sup>th</sup> + him, wher he going a shore amongst y<sup>e</sup> Indans to trad, as he + used to doe, was betrayed & assaulted by them, & <i>all his men + slaine, but one that kept the boat</i>; but him selfe gott abord very sore + wounded, & they had cut of his head upon y<sup>e</sup> cudy of his + boat, had not y<sup>e</sup> man reskued him with a sword. And so they got + away, & made shift to gett into Virginia, wher he dyed; whether of his + wounds or y<sup>e</sup> diseases of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie, or both + togeather, is uncertaine. [60] By all which it may appeare how farr these + people were <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span>from + peace, and with what danger this plantation was begune, save as y<sup>e</sup> + powerfull hand of the Lord did protect them. These things<a + name="FNanchor_AM_39" id="FNanchor_AM_39"></a><a href="#Footnote_AM_39" + class="fnanchor">[AM]</a> were partly the reason why they kept aloofe + & were so long before they came to the English. An other reason (as + after them selvs made know̅) was how aboute 3. <i>years before</i>, a + French-ship was cast away at <i>Cap-Codd</i>, but y<sup>e</sup> men gott + ashore, & saved their lives, and much of their victails, & other + goods; but after y<sup>e</sup> Indeans heard of it, they geathered + togeather from these parts, and never left watching & dogging them + till they got advantage, and <i>kild them all but 3. or 4.</i> which they + kept, & sent from one Sachem to another, to make sporte with, and used + them worse then slaves; (of which y<sup>e</sup> foresaid M<sup>r</sup>. + Dermer redeemed 2. of them;) and they conceived this ship was now come to + revenge it. + </p> + <p> + Also, (as after was made knowne,) before they came to y<sup>e</sup> + English to make freindship, they gott all the <i>Powachs</i> of y<sup>e</sup> + cuntrie, for 3. days togeather, in a horid and divellish maner to curse + & execrate them with their cunjurations, which asembly & service + they held in a darke & dismale swampe. + </p> + <p> + But to returne. The spring now approaching, it pleased God the mortalitie + begane to cease amongst them, and y<sup>e</sup> sick and lame recovered + apace, which put as it were new life into them; though they had <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span>borne + their sadd affliction with much patience & contentednes, as I thinke + any people could doe. But it was y<sup>e</sup> Lord which upheld them, and + had beforehand prepared them; many having long borne y<sup>e</sup> yoake, + yea from their youth. Many other smaler maters I omite, sundrie of them + having been allready published in a Jurnall made by one of the company; + and some other passages of jurneys and relations allredy published, to + which I referr those that are willing to know them more perticulerly. And + being now come to y<sup>e</sup> 25. of March I shall begine y<sup>e</sup> + year 1621. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1621" id="a1621"></a>[61] <i>Anno. 1621.</i> + </p> + <p> + They now begane to dispatch y<sup>e</sup> ship away which brought them + over, which lay tille aboute this time, or y<sup>e</sup> begining of + Aprill. The reason on their parts why she stayed so long, was y<sup>e</sup> + necessitie and danger that lay upon them, for it was well towards y<sup>e</sup> + ende of Desember before she could land any thing hear, or they able to + receive any thing ashore. Afterwards, y<sup>e</sup> 14. of Jan: the house + which they had made for a generall randevoze by casulty fell afire, and + some were faine to retire abord for shilter. Then the sicknes begane to + fall sore amongst them, and y<sup>e</sup> weather so bad as they could not + make much sooner any dispatch. Againe, the Gov<sup>r</sup> & cheefe of + them, seeing so many dye, and fall downe sick dayly, thought it no wisdom + to send away the ship, their condition considered, and <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + danger they stood in from y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, till they could procure + some shelter; and therfore thought it better to draw some more charge upon + them selves & freinds, then hazard all. The m<sup>r</sup>. and sea-men + likewise, though before they hasted y<sup>e</sup> passengers a shore to be + goone, now many of their men being dead, & of y<sup>e</sup> ablest of + them, (as is before noted,) and of y<sup>e</sup> rest many lay sick & + weake, y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. durst not put to sea, till he saw his + men begine to recover, and y<sup>e</sup> hart of winter over. + </p> + <p> + Afterwards they (as many as were able) began to plant ther corne, in which + servise Squanto stood them in great stead, showing them both y<sup>e</sup> + maner how to set it, and after how to dress & tend it. Also he tould + them excepte they gott fish & set with it (in these old grounds) it + would come to nothing, and he showed them y<sup>t</sup> in y<sup>e</sup> + midle of Aprill they should have store enough come up y<sup>e</sup> + brooke, by which they begane to build, and taught them how to take it, and + wher to get other provissions necessary for them; all which they found + true by triall & experience. Some English seed they sew, as wheat + & pease, but it came not to good, eather by y<sup>e</sup> badnes of y<sup>e</sup> + seed, or latenes of y<sup>e</sup> season, or both, or some other defecte. + </p> + <p> + [62] In this month of <i>Aprill</i> whilst they were bussie about their + seed, their Gov<sup>r</sup> (M<sup>r</sup>. John Carver) came out of y<sup>e</sup> + feild very sick, it being a hott day; he complained greatly of his head, + and lay downe, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span>within + a few howers his sences failed, so as he never spake more till he dyed, + which was within a few days after. Whoss death was much lamented, and + caused great heavines amongst them, as ther was cause. He was buried in y<sup>e</sup> + best maner they could, with some vollies of shott by all that bore armes; + and his wife, being a weak woman, dyed within 5. or 6. weeks after him. + </p> + <p> + Shortly after William Bradford was chosen Gove<sup>r</sup> in his stead, + and being not yet recoverd of his ilnes, in which he had been near y<sup>e</sup> + point of death, Isaak Allerton was chosen to be an Asistante unto him, + who, by renewed election every year, continued sundry years togeather, + which I hear note once for all. + </p> + <p> + <i>May 12.</i> was y<sup>e</sup> first mariage in this place, which, + according to y<sup>e</sup> laudable custome of the Low-Cuntries, in which + they had lived, was thought most requisite to be performed by the + magistrate, as being a civill thing, upon which many questions aboute + inheritances doe depende, with other things most proper to their + cognizans, and most consonante to y<sup>e</sup> scripturs, Ruth 4. and no + wher found in y<sup>e</sup> gospell to be layed on y<sup>e</sup> ministers + as a part of their office. "This decree or law about mariage was published + by y<sup>e</sup> Stats of y<sup>e</sup> Low-Cuntries An<sup>o</sup>: 1590. + That those of any religion, after lawfull and open publication, coming + before y<sup>e</sup> magistrats, in y<sup>e</sup> Town or Stat-house, were + to be orderly (by them) maried one to another." Petets <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span>Hist, + fol: 1029. And this practiss hath continued amongst, not only them, but + hath been followed by all y<sup>e</sup> famous churches of Christ in these + parts to this time,—An<sup>o</sup>: 1646. + </p> + <p> + Haveing in some sorte ordered their bussines at home, it was thought meete + to send some abroad to see their new friend Massasoyet, and to bestow upon + him some gratuitie to bind him y<sup>e</sup> faster unto them; as also + that hearby they might veiw y<sup>e</sup> countrie, and see in what maner + he lived, what strength he had aboute him, and how y<sup>e</sup> ways were + to his place, if at any time they should have occasion. So y<sup>e</sup> + 2. <i>of July</i> they sente M<sup>r</sup>. Edward Winslow & M<sup>r</sup>. + Hopkins, with y<sup>e</sup> foresaid Squanto for ther guid, who gave him a + suite of cloaths, and a horsemans coate, with some other small things, + which were kindly accepted; but they found but short com̅ons, and + came both weary & hungrie home. For y<sup>e</sup> Indeans used then to + have nothing [63] so much corne as they have since y<sup>e</sup> English + have stored them with their hows, and seene their industrie in breaking up + new grounds therwith. <i>They found his place to be 40. miles from hence</i>, + y<sup>e</sup> soyle good, & y<sup>e</sup> people not many, being dead + & abundantly wasted in y<sup>e</sup> late great mortalitie which fell + in all these parts aboute <i>three years</i> before y<sup>e</sup> coming + of y<sup>e</sup> English, wherin thousands of them dyed, they not being + able to burie one another; ther sculs and bones were found in many places + lying still above <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span>ground, + where their houses & dwellings had been; a very sad spectackle to + behould. But they brought word that y<sup>e</sup> Narighansets lived but + on y<sup>e</sup> other side of that great bay, & were a strong people, + & many in number, living compacte togeather, & had not been at all + touched with this wasting plague. + </p> + <p> + Aboute y<sup>e</sup> <i>later end of this month</i>, one John Billington + lost him selfe in y<sup>e</sup> woods, & wandered up & downe some + 5. days, living on beries & what he could find. At length he light on + an Indean plantation, 20. mils south of this place, called <i>Manamet</i>, + they conveid him furder of, to <i>Nawsett</i>, among those peopl that had + before set upon y<sup>e</sup> English when they were costing, whilest y<sup>e</sup> + ship lay at y<sup>e</sup> Cape, as is before noted. But y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> + caused him to be enquired for among y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, and at length + Massassoyt sent word wher he was, and y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> sent + a shalop for him, & had him delivered. Those people also came and made + their peace; and they gave full satisfaction to those whose come they had + found & taken when they were at Cap-Codd. + </p> + <p> + Thus ther peace & aquaintance was prety well establisht w<sup>th</sup> + the natives aboute them; and ther was an other Indean called <i>Hobamack</i> + come to live amongst them, a proper lustie man, and a man of accounte for + his vallour & parts amongst y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, and continued very + faithfull and constant to y<sup>e</sup> English till he dyed. He & + Squanto being gone upon bussines <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" + id="Page_125">[125]</a></span>amonge y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, at their + returne (whether it was out of envie to them or malice to the English) + ther was a Sachem called Corbitant, alyed to Massassoyte, but never any + good friend to y<sup>e</sup> English to this day, mett with them at an + Indean towne caled Namassakett 14. miles to y<sup>e</sup> west of this + place, and begane to quarell w<sup>th</sup> [64] them, and offered to + stabe Hobamack; but being a lusty man, he cleared him selfe of him, and + came run̅ing away all sweating and tould y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + what had befalne him, and he feared they had killed Squanto, for they + threatened them both, and for no other cause but because they were freinds + to y<sup>e</sup> English, and servisable unto them. Upon this y<sup>e</sup> + Gove<sup>r</sup> taking counsell, it was conceivd not fitt to be borne; + for if they should suffer their freinds & messengers thus to be + wronged, they should have none would cleave unto them, or give them any + inteligence, or doe them serviss afterwards; but nexte they would fall + upon them selves. Whereupon it was resolved to send y<sup>e</sup> Captaine + & 14. men well armed, and to goe & fall upon them in y<sup>e</sup> + night; and if they found that Squanto was kild, to cut of Corbitants head, + but not to hurt any but those that had a hand in it. Hobamack was asked if + he would goe & be their guid, & bring them ther before day. He + said he would, & bring them to y<sup>e</sup> house wher the man lay, + and show them which was he. So they set forth y<sup>e</sup> 14. <i>of + August</i>, and beset y<sup>e</sup> house round; the Captin giving <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span>charg to + let none pass out, entred y<sup>e</sup> house to search for him. But he + was goone away that day, so they mist him; but understood y<sup>t</sup> + Squanto was alive, & that he had only threatened to kill him, & + made an offer to stabe him but did not. So they withheld and did no more + hurte, & y<sup>e</sup> people came trembling, & brought them the + best provissions they had, after they were aquainted by Hobamack what was + only intended. Ther was 3. sore wounded which broak out of y<sup>e</sup> + house, and asaid to pass through y<sup>e</sup> garde. These they brought + home with them, & they had their wounds drest & cured, and sente + home. After this they had many gratulations from diverce sachims, and much + firmer peace; yea, those of y<sup>e</sup> Iles of Capawack sent to make + frendship; and this Corbitant him selfe used y<sup>e</sup> mediation of + Massassoyte to make his peace, but was shie to come neare them a longe + while after. + </p> + <p> + After this, y<sup>e</sup> 18. of Septemb<sup>r</sup>: they sente out ther + shalop to the Massachusets, with 10. men, and Squanto for their guid and + [65] interpreter, to discover and veiw that bay, and trade with y<sup>e</sup> + natives; the which they performed, and found kind entertainement. The + people were much affraid of y<sup>e</sup> Tarentins, a people to y<sup>e</sup> + eastward which used to come in harvest time and take away their corne, + & many times kill their persons. They returned in saftie, and brought + home a good quanty of beaver, and made reporte of y<sup>e</sup> place, + wishing <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span>they + had been ther seated; (but it seems y<sup>e</sup> Lord, who assignes to + all men y<sup>e</sup> bounds of their habitations, had apoynted it for an + other use). And thus they found the Lord to be with them in all their + ways, and to blesse their outgoings & incom̅ings, for which let + his holy name have y<sup>e</sup> praise for ever, to all posteritie. + </p> + <p> + They begane now to gather in y<sup>e</sup> small harvest they had, and to + fitte up their houses and dwellings against winter, being all well + recovered in health & strenght, and had all things in good plenty; for + as some were thus imployed in affairs abroad, others were excersised in + fishing, aboute codd, & bass, & other fish, of which y<sup>ey</sup> + tooke good store, of which every family had their portion. All y<sup>e</sup> + som̅er ther was no wante. And now begane to come in store of foule, + as winter aproached, of which this place did abound when they came first + (but afterward decreased by degrees). And besids water foule, ther was + great store of wild Turkies, of which they tooke many, besids venison, + &c. Besids they had aboute a peck a meale a weeke to a person, or now + since harvest, Indean corne to y<sup>t</sup> proportion. Which made many + afterwards write so largly of their plenty hear to their freinds in + England, which were not fained, but true reports. + </p> + <p> + In Novemb<sup>r</sup>, about y<sup>e</sup> time twelfe month that them + selves came, ther came in a small ship to them unexpected or loked for,<a + name="FNanchor_AN_40" id="FNanchor_AN_40"></a><a href="#Footnote_AN_40" + class="fnanchor">[AN]</a> in which came Mr. Cushman (so <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span>much + spoken of before) and with him 35. persons to remaine & live in y<sup>e</sup> + plantation; which did not a litle rejoyce them. And they when they came a + shore and found all well, and saw plenty of vitails in every house, were + no less glade. For most of them were lusty yonge men, and many of them + wild enough, who litle considered whither or aboute what they wente, till + they came into y<sup>e</sup> harbore at Cap-Codd, and ther saw nothing but + a naked and barren place. They then begane to thinke what should become of + them, if the people here were dead or cut of by y<sup>e</sup> Indeans. + They begane to consulte (upon some speeches that some of y<sup>e</sup> + sea-men had cast out) to take y<sup>e</sup> sayls from y<sup>e</sup> yeard + least y<sup>e</sup> ship [66] should gett away and leave them ther. But y<sup>e</sup> + m<sup>r</sup>. hereing of it, gave them good words, and tould them if any + thing but well should have befallne y<sup>e</sup> people hear, he hoped he + had vitails enough to cary them to Virginia, and whilst he had a bitt they + should have their parte; which gave them good satisfaction. So they were + all landed; but ther was not so much as bisket-cake or any other victialls<a + name="FNanchor_AO_41" id="FNanchor_AO_41"></a><a href="#Footnote_AO_41" + class="fnanchor">[AO]</a> for them, neither had they any beding, but some + sory things they had in their cabins, nor pot, nor pan, to drese any meate + in; nor overmany cloaths, for many of them had brusht away their coats + & cloaks at Plimoth as they came. But ther was sent over some + burching-lane suits in y<sup>e</sup> ship, out of which they were <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span>supplied. + The plantation was glad of this addition of strenght, but could have wished + that many of them had been of beter condition, and all of them beter + furnished with provissions; but y<sup>t</sup> could not now be helpte. + </p> + <p> + In this ship M<sup>r</sup>. Weston sent a large leter to M<sup>r</sup>. + Carver, y<sup>e</sup> late Gove<sup>r</sup>, now deseased, full of + complaints & expostulations aboute former passagess at Hampton; and y<sup>e</sup> + keeping y<sup>e</sup> shipe so long in y<sup>e</sup> country, and + returning her without lading, &c., which for brevitie I omite. The + rest is as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>Part of Mr. Westons letter</i>. + </p> + <p> + I durst never aquainte y<sup>e</sup> adventurers with y<sup>e</sup> + alteration of y<sup>e</sup> conditions first agreed on betweene us, + which I have since been very glad of, for I am well assured had they + knowne as much as I doe, they would not have adventured a halfe-peny of + what was necesary for this ship. That you sent no lading in the ship is + wonderfull, and worthily distasted. I know you<sup>r</sup> weaknes was + the cause of it, and I beleeve more weaknes of judgmente, then weaknes + of hands. A quarter of y<sup>e</sup> time you spente in discoursing, + arguing, & consulting, would have done much more; but that is past, + &c. If you mean, bona fide, to performe the conditions agreed upon, + doe us y<sup>e</sup> favore to coppy them out faire, and subscribe them + with y<sup>e</sup> principall of your names. And likwise give us + accounte as perticulerly as you can how our moneys were laid out. And + then I shall be able to give them some satisfaction, whom I am now + forsed with good words to shift of. And consider that y<sup>e</sup> life + of the bussines depends on y<sup>e</sup> lading of this ship, which, if + you doe to any good purpose, that I may be freed from y<sup>e</sup> + great sums I have <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span>disbursed + for y<sup>e</sup> former, and must doe for the later, <i>I promise you I + will never quit y<sup>e</sup> bussines, though all the other adventurers + should.</i> + </p> + <p> + [67] We have procured you a Charter, the best we could, which is beter + then your former, and with less limitation. For any thing y<sup>t</sup> + is els worth writting, M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman can informe you. I pray + write instantly for M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson to come to you. And so + praying God to blesse you with all graces nessessary both for this life + & that to come, I rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your very loving frend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Tho. Weston.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="left"> + London, July 6. 1621. + </div> + </div> + <p> + This ship (caled y<sup>e</sup> Fortune) was speedily dispatcht away, being + laden with good clapbord as full as she could stowe, and 2. hoggsheads of + beaver and otter skins, which they gott with a few trifling comodities + brought with them at first, being alltogeather unprovided for trade; + neither was ther any amongst them that ever saw a beaver skin till they + came hear, and were informed by Squanto. The fraight was estimated to be + worth near 500<sup>li</sup>. M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman returned backe also + with this ship, for so Mr. Weston & y<sup>e</sup> rest had apoynted + him, for their better information. And he doubted not, nor them selves + neither, but they should have a speedy supply; considering allso how by M<sup>r</sup>. + Cushmans perswation, and letters received from Leyden, wherin they willed + them so to doe, they yeelded<a name="FNanchor_AP_42" id="FNanchor_AP_42"></a><a + href="#Footnote_AP_42" class="fnanchor">[AP]</a> to y<sup>e</sup> + afforesaid conditions, and subscribed them with <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>their hands. But it proved + other wise, for Mr. Weston, who had made y<sup>e</sup> large promise in + his leter, (as is before noted,) that if all y<sup>e</sup> rest should + fall of, yet he would never quit y<sup>e</sup> bussines, but stick to + them, if they yeelded to y<sup>e</sup> conditions, and sente some lading + in y<sup>e</sup> ship; and of this M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman was confident, + and confirmed y<sup>e</sup> same from his mouth, & serious + protestations to him selfe before he came. But all proved but wind, for he + was y<sup>e</sup> first and only man that forsooke them, and that before + he so much as heard of y<sup>e</sup> returne of this ship, or knew what + was done; (so vaine is the confidence in man.) But of this more in its + place. + </p> + <p> + A leter in answer to his write to M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, was sente to him + from y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>, of which so much as is pertenente to y<sup>e</sup> + thing in hand I shall hear inserte. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: Your large letter writen to M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, and + dated y<sup>e</sup> 6. of July, 1621, I have received y<sup>e</sup> 10. + of Novemb<sup>r</sup>, wherin (after y<sup>e</sup> apologie made for + your selfe) you lay many heavie imputations upon him and us all. + Touching him, he is departed this life, and now is at rest [68] in y<sup>e</sup> + Lord from all those troubls and incoumbrances with which we are yet to + strive. He needs not my appologie; for his care and pains was so great + for y<sup>e</sup> commone good, both ours and yours, as that therwith + (it is thought) he oppressed him selfe and shortened his days; of whose + loss we cannot sufficiently complaine. At great charges in this + adventure, I confess you have beene, and many losses may sustaine; but y<sup>e</sup> + loss of his and many other honest and industrious mens lives, cannot be + vallewed at any prise. Of y<sup>e</sup> one, ther may be hope of + recovery, but <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + other no recompence can make good. But I will not insiste in generalls, + but come more perticulerly to y<sup>e</sup> things them selves. You + greatly blame us for keping y<sup>e</sup> ship so long in y<sup>e</sup> + countrie, and then to send her away emptie. She lay 5. weks at Cap-Codd, + whilst with many a weary step (after a long journey) and the indurance + of many a hard brunte, we sought out in the foule winter a place of + habitation. Then we went in so tedious a time to make provission to + sheelter us and our goods, aboute w<sup>ch</sup> labour, many of our + armes & leggs can tell us to this day we were not necligent. But it + pleased God to vissite us then, with death dayly, and with so generall a + disease, that the living were scarce able to burie the dead; and y<sup>e</sup> + well not in any measure sufficiente to tend y<sup>e</sup> sick. And now + to be so greatly blamed, for not fraighting y<sup>e</sup> ship, doth + indeed goe near us, and much discourage us. But you say you know we will + pretend weaknes; and doe you think we had not cause? Yes, you tell us + you beleeve it, but it was more weaknes of judgmente, then of hands. Our + weaknes herin is great we confess, therfore we will bear this check + patiently amongst y<sup>e</sup> rest, till God send us wiser men. But + they which tould you we spent so much time in discoursing & + consulting, &c., their harts can tell their toungs, they lye. They + cared not, so they might salve their owne sores, how they wounded + others. Indeed, it is our callamitie that we are (beyound expectation) + yoked with some ill conditioned people, who will never doe good, but + corrupte and abuse others, &c. + </p> + </div> + <p> + The rest of y<sup>e</sup> letter declared how they had subscribed those + conditions according to his desire, and sente him y<sup>e</sup> former + accounts very perticulerly; also how y<sup>e</sup> ship was laden, and in + what condition their affairs stood; that y<sup>e</sup> coming of these + [69] people would bring famine upon them unavoydably, if they <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span>had not + supply in time (as Mr. Cushman could more fully informe him & y<sup>e</sup> + rest of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers). Also that seeing he was now satisfied + in all his demands, that offences would be forgoten, and he remember his + promise, &c. + </p> + <p> + After y<sup>e</sup> departure of this ship, (which stayed not above 14. + days,) the Gove<sup>r</sup> & his assistante haveing disposed these + late com̅ers into severall families, as y<sup>ey</sup> best could, + tooke an exacte accounte of all their provissions in store, and + proportioned y<sup>e</sup> same to y<sup>e</sup> number of persons, and + found that it would not hould out above 6. months at halfe alowance, and + hardly that. And they could not well give less this winter time till fish + came in againe. So they were presently put to half alowance, one as well + as an other, which begane to be hard, but they bore it patiently under + hope of supply. + </p> + <p> + Sone after this ships departure, y<sup>e</sup> great people of y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansets, in a braving maner, sente a messenger unto them with a bundl + of arrows tyed aboute with a great sneak-skine; which their interpretours + tould them was a threatening & a chaleng. Upon which y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>, + with y<sup>e</sup> advice of others, sente them a round answere, that if + they had rather have warre then peace, they might begine when they would; + they had done them no wrong, neither did y<sup>ey</sup> fear them, or + should they find them unprovided. And by another messenger sente y<sup>e</sup> + sneake-skine back with bulits in it; but they <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span>would not receive it, but + sent it back againe. But these things I doe but mention, because they are + more at large allready put forth in printe, by M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, at + y<sup>e</sup> requeste of some freinds. And it is like y<sup>e</sup> + reason was their owne ambition, who, (since y<sup>e</sup> death of so many + of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans,) thought to dominire & lord it over y<sup>e</sup> + rest, & conceived y<sup>e</sup> English would be a barr in their way, + and saw that Massasoyt took sheilter allready under their wings. + </p> + <p> + But this made them y<sup>e</sup> more carefully to looke to them selves, + so as they agreed to inclose their dwellings with a good strong pale, and + make flankers in convenient places, with gates to shute, which were every + night locked, and a watch kept, and when neede required ther was also + warding in y<sup>e</sup> day time. And y<sup>e</sup> company was by y<sup>e</sup> + Captaine and y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> [70] advise, devided into 4. + squadrons, and every one had ther quarter apoynted them, unto which they + were to repaire upon any suddane alarme. And if ther should be any crie of + fire, a company were appointed for a gard, with muskets, whilst others + quenchet y<sup>e</sup> same, to prevent Indean treachery. This was + accomplished very cherfully, and y<sup>e</sup> towne impayled round by y<sup>e</sup> + begining of March, in which evry family had a prety garden plote secured. + And herewith I shall end this year. Only I shall remember one passage + more, rather of mirth then of waight. One y<sup>e</sup> day called + Chrismasday, y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> caled them out to worke, (as + was used,) <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span>but + y<sup>e</sup> most of this new-company excused them selves and said it + wente against their consciences to work on y<sup>t</sup> day. So y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> tould them that if they made it mater of conscience, he + would spare them till they were better informed. So he led-away y<sup>e</sup> + rest and left them; but when they came home at noone from their worke, he + found them in y<sup>e</sup> streete at play, openly; some pitching y<sup>e</sup> + barr, & some at stoole-ball, and shuch like sports. So he went to + them, and tooke away their implements, and tould them that was against his + conscience, that they should play & others worke. If they made y<sup>e</sup> + keeping of it mater of devotion, let them kepe their houses, but ther + should be no gameing or revelling in y<sup>e</sup> streets. Since which + time nothing hath been atempted that way, at least openly. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1622" id="a1622"></a><i>Anno 1622.</i> + </p> + <p> + At y<sup>e</sup> spring of y<sup>e</sup> year they had apointed y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets to come againe and trade with them, and begane now to prepare + for that vioag about y<sup>e</sup> later end of March. But upon some + rumors heard, Hobamak, their Indean, tould them upon some jealocies he + had, he feared they were joyned w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> Narighansets + and might betray them if they were not carefull. He intimated also some + jealocie of Squanto, by what he gathered from some private whisperings + betweene him and other Indeans. But [71] they resolved to proseede, and + sente out their shalop with 10. of their cheefe <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span>men aboute y<sup>e</sup> + begining of Aprill, and both Squanto & Hobamake with them, in regarde + of y<sup>e</sup> jelocie betweene them. But they had not bene gone longe, + but an Indean belonging to Squantos family came runing in seeming great + fear, and tould them that many of y<sup>e</sup> Narihgansets, with + Corbytant, and he thought also Massasoyte, were coming against them; and + he gott away to tell them, not without danger. And being examined by y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup>, he made as if they were at hand, and would still be + looking back, as if they were at his heels. At which the Governor caused + them to take armes & stand on their garde, and supposing y<sup>e</sup> + boat to be still within hearing (by reason it was calme) caused a warning + peece or 2. to be shote of, the which y<sup>ey</sup> heard and came in. + But no Indeans apeared; watch was kepte all night, but nothing was scene. + Hobamak was confidente for Massasoyt, and thought all was false; yet y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> caused him to send his wife privatly, to see what she + could observe (pretening other occasions), but ther was nothing found, but + all was quiet. After this they proseeded on their vioge to y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets, and had good trade, and returned in saftie, blessed be God. + </p> + <p> + But by the former passages, and other things of like nature, they begane + to see y<sup>t</sup> Squanto sought his owne ends, and plaid his owne + game, by putting y<sup>e</sup> Indeans in fear, and drawing gifts from + them to enrich him selfe; making them beleeve he could stur up <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span>warr + against whom he would, & make peece for whom he would. Yea, he made + them beleeve they kept y<sup>e</sup> plague buried in y<sup>e</sup> + ground, and could send it amongs whom they would, which did much terrifie + the Indeans, and made them depend more on him, and seeke more to him then + to Massasoyte, which proucured him envie, and had like to have cost him + his life. For after y<sup>e</sup> discovery of his practises, Massasoyt + sought it both privatly and openly; which caused him to stick close to y<sup>e</sup> + English, & never durst goe from them till he dyed. They also made good + use of y<sup>e</sup> emulation y<sup>t</sup> grue betweene Hobamack and + him, which made them cary more squarely. And y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + seemed to countenance y<sup>e</sup> one, and y<sup>e</sup> Captaine y<sup>e</sup> + other, by which they had better intelligence, and made them both more + diligente. + </p> + <p> + [72] Now in a maner their provissions were wholy spent, and they looked + hard for supply, but none came. But about y<sup>e</sup> <i>later end of + May</i>, they spied <i>a boat</i> at sea, which at first they thought had + beene some Frenchman; but it proved a shalop which came from a ship which + M<sup>r</sup>. Weston & an other had set out a fishing, at a place + called Damarins-cove, 40. leagues to y<sup>e</sup> eastward of them, wher + were y<sup>t</sup> year many more ships come a fishing. This boat brought + 7. passengers and some letters, but no vitails, nor any hope of any. Some + part of which I shall set downe. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, in my last leters by y<sup>e</sup> Fortune, in + whom M<sup>r</sup> Cushman wente, and who I hope is with you, for we + daly<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span> + expecte y<sup>e</sup> shipe back againe. She departed hence, y<sup>e</sup> + begining of July, with 35. persons, though not over well provided with + necesaries, by reason of y<sup>e</sup> parsemonie of y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers.<a name="FNanchor_AQ_43" id="FNanchor_AQ_43"></a><a + href="#Footnote_AQ_43" class="fnanchor">[AQ]</a> I have solisited them + to send you a supply of men and provissions before shee come. They all + answer they will doe great maters, when they hear good news. Nothing + before; so faithfull, constant, & carefull of your good, are your + olde & honest freinds, that if they hear not from you, they are like + to send you no supplie, &c. I am now to relate y<sup>e</sup> + occasion of sending <i>this ship</i>, hoping if you give credite to my + words, you will have a more favourable opinion of it, then some hear, + wherof Pickering is one, who taxed me to mind my owne ends, which is in + part true, &c. <i>M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp and my selfe</i> bought <i>this + litle ship</i>, and have set her out, partly, if it may be, to uphold<a + name="FNanchor_AR_44" id="FNanchor_AR_44"></a><a href="#Footnote_AR_44" + class="fnanchor">[AR]</a> y<sup>e</sup> plantation, as well to doe + others good as our selves; and partly to gett up what we are formerly + out; though we are otherwise censured, &c. This is y<sup>e</sup> + occasion we have sent <i>this ship</i> and these passengers, on our owne + accounte; whom we desire you will frendly entertaine & supply with + shuch necesaries as you cane spare, and they wante, &c. And among + other things we pray you lend or sell them some seed corne, and if you + have y<sup>e</sup> salt remaining of y<sup>e</sup> last year, that y<sup>u</sup> + will let them have it for their presente use, and we will either pay you + for it, or give you more when we have set our salt-pan to worke, which + we desire may be set up in one of y<sup>e</sup> litle ilands in your + bay, &c. And because we intende, if God plase, [73] (and y<sup>e</sup> + generallitie doe it not,) <i>to send within a month another shipe</i>, + who, having discharged her passengers, <i>shal goe to Virginia</i>, + &c. And it may be we shall send a <i>small ship to abide with you</i> + on y<sup>e</sup> coast, which I conceive may be a great help to y<sup>e</sup> + plantation. To y<sup>e</sup> end our desire may be effected, which, I + assure my selfe, will be also for your good, we pray you give them + entertainmente in your houses y<sup>e</sup> time they shall be with<span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> you, + that they may lose no time, but may presently goe in hand to fell trees + & cleave them, to y<sup>e</sup> end lading may be ready and our ship + stay not. + </p> + <p> + Some of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers have sent you hearwith all some + directions for your furtherance in y<sup>e</sup> com̅one bussines, + who are like those S<sup>t</sup>. James speaks of, y<sup>t</sup> bid + their brother eat, and warme him, but give him nothing; so they bid you + make salt, and uphold y<sup>e</sup> plantation, but send you no means + wherwithall to doe it, &c. By <i>y<sup>e</sup> next</i> we purpose + <i>to send more people on our owne accounte</i>, and <i>to take a + patente</i>; that if your peopl should be as unhumane as some of y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers, not to admite us to dwell with them, which were extreme + barbarisme, and which will never enter into my head to thinke you have + any shuch Pickerings amongst you. Yet to satisfie our passengers I must + of force doe it; and for some other reasons not necessary to be writen, + &c. I find y<sup>e</sup> generall so backward, and your freinds at + Leyden so could, that I fear you must stand on your leggs, and trust (as + they say) to God and your selves. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Subscribed, + </div> + <div class="center"> + your loving freind, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Tho: Weston.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="left"> + Jan: 12. 1621. + </div> + </div> + <p> + Sundry other things I pass over, being tedious & impertinent. + </p> + <p> + All this was but could comfort to fill their hungrie bellies, and a + slender performance of his former late promiss; and as litle did it either + fill or warme them, as those y<sup>e</sup> Apostle James spake of, by him + before mentioned. And well might it make them remember what y<sup>e</sup> + psalmist saith, Psa. 118. 8. <i>It is better to trust in the Lord, then to + have confidence in man.</i> And Psa. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span>146. <i>Put not you trust in + princes</i> (much less in y<sup>e</sup> marchants) <i>nor in y<sup>e</sup> + sone of man, for ther is no help in them.</i> v. 5. <i>Blesed is he that + hath y<sup>e</sup> God of Jacob for his help, whose hope is in y<sup>e</sup> + Lord his God.</i> And as they were now fayled of suply by him and others + in this their greatest neede and wants, which was caused by him and y<sup>e</sup> + rest, who put so great a company of men upon them, as y<sup>e</sup> former + company were, without any food, and came at shuch a time as they must live + almost a whole year before any could [74] be raised, excepte they had + sente some; so, upon y<sup>e</sup> pointe they never had any supply of + vitales more afterwards (but what the Lord gave them otherwise); for all y<sup>e</sup> + company sent at any time was allways too short for those people y<sup>t</sup> + came with it. + </p> + <p> + Ther came allso <i>by y<sup>e</sup> same ship</i> other leters, but of + later date, one from M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, an other from a parte of y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers, as foloweth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Carver, since my last, to y<sup>e</sup> end we might y<sup>e</sup> + more readily proceed to help y<sup>e</sup> generall, at a meeting of + some of y<sup>e</sup> principall adventurers, a proposition was put + forth, & alowed by all presente (save Pickering), to adventure each + man y<sup>e</sup> third parte of what he formerly had done. And ther are + some other y<sup>t</sup> folow his example, and will adventure no + furder. In regard wherof y<sup>e</sup> greater part of y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers being willing to uphold y<sup>e</sup> bussines, finding it + no reason that those y<sup>t</sup> are willing should uphold y<sup>e</sup> + bussines of those that are unwilling, whose backwardnes doth discourage + those that are forward, and hinder other new-adventurers from coming in, + we having well considered therof, have resolved, according to an article + in y<sup>e</sup><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> + agreemente, (<i>that it may be lawfull by a generall consente of y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers & planters, upon just occasion, to breake of their + joynte stock</i>,) to breake it of; and doe pray you to ratifie, and + confirme y<sup>e</sup> same on your parts. Which being done, we shall y<sup>e</sup> + more willingly goe forward for y<sup>e</sup> upholding of you with all + things necesarie. But in any case you must agree to y<sup>e</sup> + artickls, and send it by y<sup>e</sup> first under your hands & + seals. So I end + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your loving freind, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Tho: Weston.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="left"> + Jan: 17. 1621. + </div> + </div> + <p> + Another leter was write from part of y<sup>e</sup> company of y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers to the same purpose, and subscribed with 9. of their names, + wherof M<sup>r</sup>. Westons & M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamphs were tow. + Thes things seemed strang unto them, seeing this unconstancie & + shufling; it made them to thinke ther was some misterie in y<sup>e</sup> + matter. And therfore y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> concealed these letters + from y<sup>e</sup> publick, only imparted them to some trustie freinds for + advice, who concluded with him, that this tended to disband & scater + them (in regard of their straits); and if M<sup>r</sup>. Weston & + others, who seemed to rune in a perticuler way, should come over with + shiping so provided as his letters did intimate, they most would fall to + him, to y<sup>e</sup> prejudice of them selves & y<sup>e</sup> rest of + the adventurers,<a name="FNanchor_AS_45" id="FNanchor_AS_45"></a><a + href="#Footnote_AS_45" class="fnanchor">[AS]</a> their freinds, from whom + as yet they heard nothing. And it was doubted whether he <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span>had not + sente [75] over shuch a company in y<sup>e</sup> former ship, for shuch an + end. Yet they tooke compassion of those 7. men which <i>this ship, which + fished to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, had kept till planting time was over</i>, + and so could set no corne; and allso wanting vitals, (for y<sup>ey</sup> + turned them off w<sup>th</sup>out any, and indeed wanted for them selves,) + neither was their salt-pan come, so as y<sup>ey</sup> could not performe + any of those things which M<sup>r</sup>. Weston had apointed, and might + have starved if y<sup>e</sup> plantation had not succoured them; who, in + their wants, gave them as good as any of their owne. <i>The ship wente to + Virginia</i>, wher they sould both ship & fish, of which (it was + conceived) M<sup>r</sup>. Weston had a very slender accounte. + </p> + <p> + <i>After this came another of his ships</i>, and brought letters dated y<sup>e</sup> + 10. of Aprill, from M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford, these, &c. <i>The Fortune</i> is arived, of + whose good news touching your estate & proceēings, I am very + glad to hear. And how soever he was robed on y<sup>e</sup> way by y<sup>e</sup> + Frenchmen, yet I hope your loss will not be great, for y<sup>e</sup> + conceite of so great a returne doth much animate y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers, so y<sup>t</sup> I hope some matter of importance will be + done by them, &c. As for my selfe, I have sould my adventure & + debts unto them, so as I am quit<a name="FNanchor_AT_46" + id="FNanchor_AT_46"></a><a href="#Footnote_AT_46" class="fnanchor">[AT]</a> + of you, & you of me, for that matter, &c. Now though I have + nothing to pretend as an adventurer amongst you, yet I will advise you a + litle for your good, if you can apprehend it. I perceive & know as + well as another, y<sup>e</sup> dispositions of <i>your adventurers</i>, + whom y<sup>e</sup> hope of gaine hath<span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> drawne on to this they + have done; and yet I fear y<sup>t</sup> hope will not draw them much + furder. Besids, <i>most of them are against the sending of them of + Leyden, for whose cause this bussines was first begune</i>, and some of + y<sup>e</sup> most religious (as M<sup>r</sup>. Greene by name) excepts + against them. So y<sup>t</sup> my advice is (you may follow it if you + please) that you forthwith break of your joynte stock, which you have + warente to doe, both in law & conscience, for y<sup>e</sup> most + parte of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers have given way unto it by a former + letter. And y<sup>e</sup> means you have ther, which I hope will be to + some purpose by y<sup>e</sup> trade of this spring, may, with y<sup>e</sup> + help of some freinds hear, bear y<sup>e</sup> charge of trāsporting + those of Leyden; and when they are with you I make no question but by + Gods help you will be able to subsist of your selves. But I shall leave + you to your discretion. + </p> + <p> + I desired diverce of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, as M<sup>r</sup>. + Peirce, M<sup>r</sup>. Greene, & others, if they had any thing to + send you, either vitails or leters, to send them <i>by these ships</i>; + and marvelling they sent not so much as a letter, I asked our passengers + what leters they had, and with some dificultie one of them tould me he + had one, which was delivered him with [76] great charge of secrecie; and + for more securitie, to buy a paire of new-shoes, & sow it betweene y<sup>e</sup> + soles for fear of intercepting. I, taking y<sup>e</sup> leter, wondering + what mistrie might be in it, broke it open, and found this treacherous + letter subscribed by y<sup>e</sup> hands of M<sup>r</sup>. Pickering + & M<sup>r</sup>. Greene. Wich leter had it come to you<sup>r</sup> + hands without answer, might have caused y<sup>e</sup> hurt, if not y<sup>e</sup> + ruine, of us all. For assuredly if you had followed their instructions, + and shewed us that unkindness which they advise you unto, to hold us in + distruste as enimise, &c., it might have been an occasion to have + set us togeather by y<sup>e</sup> eares, to y<sup>e</sup> distruction of + us all. For I doe beleeve that in shuch a case, they knowing what + bussines hath been betweene us, not only my brother, but others also, + would have been violent, and heady against you, <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span>&c. I mente to have + setled y<sup>e</sup> people I before and now send, with or near you, as + well for their as your more securitie and defence, as help on all + occasions. But I find y<sup>e</sup> adventurers so jealous & + suspitious, that I have altered my resolution, & given order to my + brother & those with him, to doe as they and him selfe shall find + fitte. Thus, &c. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your loving freind, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Tho: Weston.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="left"> + Aprill 10. 1621. + </div> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>Some part of Mr. Pickerings letter before mentioned.</i> + </p> + <p> + To M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford & M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, &c. + </p> + <p> + My dear love remembred unto you all, &c. The company hath bought out + M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, and are very glad they are freed of him, he being + judged a man y<sup>t</sup> thought him selfe above y<sup>e</sup> + generall, and not expresing so much y<sup>e</sup> fear of God as was + meete in a man to whom shuch trust should have been reposed in a matter + of so great importance. I am sparing to be so plaine as indeed is clear + against him; but a few words to y<sup>e</sup> wise. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Weston will not permitte leters to be sent in <i>his + ships</i>, nor any thing for your good or ours, of which ther is some + reason in respecte of him selfe, &c. His brother Andrew, whom he + doth send as principall <i>in one of these ships</i>, is a heady yong + man, & violente, and set against you ther, & y<sup>e</sup> + company hear; ploting with M<sup>r</sup>. Weston their owne ends, which + tend to your & our undooing in respecte of our estates ther, and + prevention of our good ends. For by credible testimoney we are informed + his purpose is to come to your colonie, pretending he comes for and from + y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, and will seeke to gett what you have in + readynes [77] into <i>his ships</i>, as if they came from y<sup>e</sup> + company, & possessing all, will be so much profite to him selfe. And + further to informe them selves what spetiall places or things you have + discovered, to y<sup>e</sup> end that they may supres & deprive you, + &c. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + The Lord, who is y<sup>e</sup> watchman of Israll & slepeth not, + preserve you & deliver you from unreasonable men. I am sorie that + ther is cause to admonish you of these things concerning this man; so I + leave you to God, who bless and multiply you into thousands, to the + advancemente of y<sup>e</sup> glorious gospell of our Lord Jesus. Amen. + Fare well. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your loving freinds, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Edward Pickering.</span> + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">William Greene.</span> + </div> + </div> + <p> + I pray conceale both y<sup>e</sup> writing & deliverie of this + leter, but make the best use of it. <i>We hope to sete forth a ship our + selves with in this month.</i> + </p> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center break"> + <i>The heads of his answer.</i> + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford, this is y<sup>e</sup> leter y<sup>t</sup> I + wrote unto you of, which to answer in every perticuler is needles & + tedious. My owne conscience & all our people can and I thinke will + testifie, y<sup>t</sup> my end in sending <i>y<sup>e</sup> ship Sparrow</i> + was your good, &c. Now I will not deney but ther are many of our + people rude fellows, as these men terme them; yet I presume they will be + governed by such as I set over them. And I hope not only to be able to + reclaime them from y<sup>t</sup> profanenes that may scandalise y<sup>e</sup> + vioage, but by degrees to draw them to God, &c. I am so farr from + sending rude fellows to deprive you either by fraude or violence of what + is yours, as I have charged y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> + <i>ship Sparrow</i>, not only to leave with you 2000. of bread, but also + a good quantitie of fish,<a name="FNanchor_AU_47" id="FNanchor_AU_47"></a><a + href="#Footnote_AU_47" class="fnanchor">[AU]</a> &c. But I will + leave it to you to consider what evill this leter would or might have + done, had it come to your hands & taken y<sup>e</sup> effecte y<sup>e</sup> + other desired. + </p> + <p> + Now if you be of y<sup>e</sup> mind y<sup>t</sup> these men are, deale + plainly with us, & we will seeke our residence els-wher. If you + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span>are + as freindly as we have thought you to be, give us y<sup>e</sup> + entertainment of freinds, and we will take nothing from you, neither + meat, drinke, nor lodging, but what we will, in one kind or other, pay + you for, &c. I shall leave in y<sup>e</sup> countrie <i>a litle ship</i> + (if God send her safe thither) with mariners & fisher-men to stay + ther, who shall coast, & trad with y<sup>e</sup> savages, & y<sup>e</sup> + old plantation. It may be we shall be as helpfull to you, as you will be + to us. I thinke I shall see you y<sup>e</sup> next spring; and so I + comend you to y<sup>e</sup> protection of God, who ever keep you. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your loving freind, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Tho: Weston.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p> + [78] Thus all ther hops in regard of M<sup>r</sup>. Weston were layed in y<sup>e</sup> + dust, and all his promised helpe turned into an empttie advice, which they + apprehended was nether lawfull nor profitable for them to follow. And they + were not only thus left destitute of help in their extreme wants, haveing + neither vitails, nor any thing to trade with, but others prepared & + ready to glean up what y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie might have afforded for their + releefe. As for those harsh censures & susspitions intimated in y<sup>e</sup> + former and following leters, they desired to judg as charitably and wisly + of them as they could, waighing them in y<sup>e</sup> ballance of love and + reason; and though they (in parte) came from godly & loveing freinds, + yet they conceived many things might arise from over deepe jealocie and + fear, togeather with unmeete provocations, though they well saw M<sup>r</sup>. + Weston pursued his owne ends, and was imbittered in spirite. <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span>For after + the receit of y<sup>e</sup> former leters, the Gov<sup>r</sup> received + one from M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman, who went home in y<sup>e</sup> ship, and + was allway intimate with M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, (as former passages + declare), and it was much marveled that nothing was heard from him, all + this while. But it should seeme it was y<sup>e</sup> difficulty of + sending, for this leter was directed as y<sup>e</sup> leter of a wife to + her husband, who was here, and brought by him to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>. + It was as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Beloved S<sup>r</sup>: I hartily salute you, with trust of your health, + and many thanks for your love. By Gods providence we got well home y<sup>e</sup> + 17. <i>of Feb</i>. Being robbed by y<sup>e</sup> French-men by y<sup>e</sup> + way, and carried by them into France, and were kepte ther 15. days, and + lost all y<sup>t</sup> we had that was worth taking; but thanks be to + God, we escaped with our lives & ship. I see not y<sup>t</sup> it + worketh any discouragment hear. I purpose by Gods grace <i>to see you</i> + shortly, <i>I hope in June nexte, or before</i>. In y<sup>e</sup> mean + space know these things, and I pray you be advertised a litle. M<sup>r</sup>. + Weston hath quite broken of from our company, through some discontents y<sup>t</sup> + arose betwext him and some of our adventurers, & hath sould all his + adventurs, & <i>hath now sent 3. smale ships for his perticuler + plantation</i>. The <i>greatest</i> wherof, <i>being 100. tune</i>, M<sup>r</sup>. + Reynolds goeth m<sup>r</sup>. and he with y<sup>e</sup> rest purposeth + to come him selfe; for what end I know not. + </p> + <p> + The people which they cary are no men for us, wherfore I pray you + entertaine them not, neither exchainge man for man with them, excepte it + be some of your worst. He hath taken a patente for him selfe. If they + offerr to buy any thing of you, let it be shuch as you can spare, and + let them give y<sup>e</sup> worth of it. If they borrow any thing of + you, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span>let + them leave a good pawne, &c. It is like he [78<a + name="FNanchor_AV_48" id="FNanchor_AV_48"></a><a href="#Footnote_AV_48" + class="fnanchor">[AV]</a>] will plant to y<sup>e</sup> southward of y<sup>e</sup> + Cape, for William Trevore hath lavishly tould but what he knew or + imagined of Capewack, Mohiggen, & y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets. I fear + these people will hardly deale so well with y<sup>e</sup> savages as + they should. I pray you therfore signifie to Squanto, that they are a + distincte body from us, and we have nothing to doe with them, neither + must be blamed for their falts, much less can warrente their fidelitie. + We are aboute to recover our losses in France. Our freinds at Leyden are + well, and will come to you as many as can <i>this time</i>. I hope all + will turne to y<sup>e</sup> best, wherfore I pray you be not + discouraged, but gather up your selfe to goe thorow these dificulties + cherfully & with courage in y<sup>t</sup> place wherin God hath sett + you, untill y<sup>e</sup> day of refreshing come. And y<sup>e</sup> Lord + God of sea & land bring us comfortably togeather againe, if it may + stand with his glorie. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Yours, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Robart Cushman.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p> + On y<sup>e</sup> other sid of y<sup>e</sup> leafe, in y<sup>e</sup> same + leter, came these few lines from M<sup>r</sup>. John Peirce, in whose name + the patente was taken, and of whom more will follow, to be spoken in its + place. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Worthy S<sup>r</sup>: I desire you to take into consideration that which + is writen on y<sup>e</sup> other side, and not any way to damnifie your + owne collony, whos strength is but weaknes, and may therby be more + infeebled. And for y<sup>e</sup> leters of association, by y<sup>e</sup> + next ship we send, I hope you shall receive satisfaction; in y<sup>e</sup> + mean time whom you admite I will approve. But as for M<sup>r</sup>. + Weston's company, I thinke them so base in condition (for y<sup>e</sup> + most parte) as in all apearance <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" + id="Page_149">[149]</a></span>not fitt for an honest mans company. I + wish they prove other wise. My purpose is not to enlarge my selfe, but + cease in these few lins, and so rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your loving freind, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Peirce.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p> + All these things they pondred and well considered, yet concluded to give + his men frendly entertainmente; partly in regard of M<sup>r</sup>. Weston + him selfe, considering what he had been unto them, & done for them, + & to some, more espetially; and partly in compassion to y<sup>e</sup> + people, who were now come into a willdernes, (as them selves were,) and + were by <i>y<sup>e</sup> ship</i> to be presently put a shore, (for she + was <i>to cary other passengers to Virginia</i>, who lay at great charge,) + and they were alltogeather unacquainted & knew not what to doe. So as + they had received his former company of 7. men, and vitailed them as their + owne hitherto, so they also received <i>these</i> (being aboute 60. lusty + men), and gave [79] housing for them selves and their goods; and many + being sicke, they had y<sup>e</sup> best means y<sup>e</sup> place could + aford them. They stayed hear y<sup>e</sup> most parte of y<sup>e</sup> som̅er + till <i>y<sup>e</sup> ship came back againe from Virginia</i>. Then, by + his direction, or those whom he set over them, they removed into y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusset Bay, he having got a patente for some part ther, (by light of + ther former discovery in leters sent home). Yet they left all ther sicke + folke hear till they were setled and housed. But of ther victails they had + not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span>any, + though they were in great wante, nor any thing els in recompence of any + courtecie done them; neither did they desire it, for they saw they were an + unruly company, and had no good govermente over them, and by disorder + would soone fall into wants if M<sup>r</sup>. Weston came not y<sup>e</sup> + sooner amongst them; and therfore, to prevente all after occasion, would + have nothing of them. + </p> + <p> + Amids these streigths, and y<sup>e</sup> desertion of those from whom they + had hoped for supply, and when famine begane now to pinch them sore, they + not knowing what to doe, the Lord, (who never fails his,) presents them + with an occasion, beyond all expectation. This boat which came from y<sup>e</sup> + eastward brought them a letter from a stranger, of whose name they had + never heard before, being a captaine of a ship come ther a fishing. This + leter was as followeth. Being thus inscribed. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + To all his good freinds at Plimoth, these, &c. + </p> + <p> + Freinds, cuntrimen, & neighbours: I salute you, and wish you all + health and hapines in y<sup>e</sup> Lord. I make bould with these few + lines to trouble you, because unless I were unhumane, I can doe no less. + Bad news doth spread it selfe too farr; yet I will so farr informe you + that my selfe, with many good freinds in y<sup>e</sup> south-collonie of + Virginia, have received shuch a blow, that 400. persons large will not + make good our losses. Therfore I doe intreat you (allthough not knowing + you) that y<sup>e</sup> old rule which I learned when I went to schoole, + may be sufficente. That is, Hapie is he whom <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span>other mens harmes doth + make to beware. And now againe and againe, wishing all those y<sup>t</sup> + willingly would serve y<sup>e</sup> Lord, all health and happines in + this world, and everlasting peace in y<sup>e</sup> world to come. And so + I rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Yours, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Hudlston.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p> + By this boat y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> returned a thankfull answer, as + was meete, and sent a boate of their owne with them, which was piloted by + them, in which M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was sente to procure what + provissions he could of y<sup>e</sup> ships, who was kindly received by y<sup>e</sup> + foresaid gentill-man, who not only spared what he [90<a + name="FNanchor_AW_49" id="FNanchor_AW_49"></a><a href="#Footnote_AW_49" + class="fnanchor">[AW]</a>] could, but writ to others to doe y<sup>e</sup> + like. By which means he gott some good quantitie and returned in saftie, + by which y<sup>e</sup> plantation had a duble benefite, first, a present + refreshing by y<sup>e</sup> food brought, and secondly, they knew y<sup>e</sup> + way to those parts for their benifite hearafter. But what was gott, & + this small boat brought, being devided among so many, came but to a litle, + yet by Gods blesing it upheld them till harvest. It arose but to a quarter + of a pound of bread a day to each person; and y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + caused it to be dayly given them, otherwise, had it been in their owne + custody, they would have eate it up & then starved. But thus, with + what els they could get, they made pretie shift till corne was ripe. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + This som̅er they builte a fort with good timber, both strong & + comly, which was of good defence, made with a flate rofe & batllments, + on which their ordnance were mounted, and wher they kepte constante watch, + espetially in time of danger. It served them allso for a meeting house, + and was fitted accordingly for that use. It was a great worke for them in + this weaknes and time of wants; but y<sup>e</sup> deanger of y<sup>e</sup> + time required it, and both y<sup>e</sup> continuall rumors of y<sup>e</sup> + fears from y<sup>e</sup> Indeans hear, espetially y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansets, and also y<sup>e</sup> hearing of that great massacre in + Virginia, made all hands willing to despatch y<sup>e</sup> same. + </p> + <p> + Now y<sup>e</sup> wellcome time of harvest aproached, in which all had + their hungrie bellies filled. But it arose but to a litle, in comparison + of a full years supplie; partly by reason they were not yet well aquainted + with y<sup>e</sup> man̅er of Indean corne, (and they had no other,) + allso their many other imployments, but cheefly their weaknes for wante of + food, to tend it as they should have done. Also much was stolne both by + night & day, before it became scarce eatable, & much more + afterward. And though many were well whipt (when they were taken) for a + few ears of corne, yet hunger made others (whom conscience did not + restraine) to venture. So as it well appeared y<sup>e</sup> famine must + still insue y<sup>e</sup> next year allso, if not some way prevented, or + supplie should faile, to which they durst not trust. Markets there was + none to goe too, but <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span>only + y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, and they had no trading comodities. Behold now + another providence of God; a ship comes into y<sup>e</sup> [91] harbor, + one Captain Jons being cheefe therin. They were set out by some marchants + to discovere all y<sup>e</sup> harbors betweene this & Virginia, and y<sup>e</sup> + shoulds of Cap-Cod, and to trade along y<sup>e</sup> coast wher they + could. This ship had store of English-beads (which were then good trade) + and some knives, but would sell none but at dear rates, and also a good + quantie togeather. Yet they weere glad of y<sup>e</sup> occasion, and + faine to buy at any rate; they were faine to give after y<sup>e</sup> rate + of cento per cento, if not more, and yet pay away coat-beaver at 3<sup>s</sup>. + per<sup>li</sup>, which in a few years after yeelded 20<sup>s</sup>. By + this means they were fitted againe to trade for beaver & other things, + and intended to buy what corne they could. + </p> + <p> + But I will hear take liberty to make a litle digression. Ther was in <i>this + ship</i> a gentle-man by name M<sup>r</sup>. John Poory; he had been + secretarie in Virginia, and was now going home passenger <i>in this ship</i>. + After his departure he write a leter to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> in + the postscrite wherof he hath these lines. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + To your selfe and M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, I must acknowledg my selfe + many ways indebted, whose books I would have you thinke very well + bestowed on him, who esteemeth them shuch juells. My hast would not + suffer me to remember (much less to begg) M<sup>r</sup>. Ainsworths + elaborate worke upon y<sup>e</sup> 5. books of Moyses. Both his & M<sup>r</sup>. + Robinsons doe highly <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" + id="Page_154">[154]</a></span>commend the authors, as being most + conversante in y<sup>e</sup> scripturs of all others. And what good (who + knows) it may please God to worke by them, through my hands, (though + most unworthy,) who finds shuch high contente in them. God have you all + in his keeping. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:17em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Your unfained and firme friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Pory.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Aug. 28. 1622. + </div> + </div> + <p> + These things I hear inserte for honour sake of y<sup>e</sup> authors + memorie, which this gentle-man doth thus ingeniusly acknowledg; and him + selfe after his returne did this poore-plantation much credite amongst + those of no mean ranck. But to returne. + </p> + <p> + [92] <i>Shortly after harvest</i> M<sup>r</sup>. Westons people who were + now seated at y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and by disorder (as it seems) + had made havock of their provissions, begane now to perceive that want + would come upon them. And hearing that they hear had bought trading + comodities & intended to trade for corne, they write to y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> and desired they might joyne with them, and they would + imploy their small ship in y<sup>e</sup> servise; and furder requested + either to lend or sell them so much of their trading comodities as their + part might come to, and they would undertake to make paymente when M<sup>r</sup>. + Weston, or their supply, should come. The Gov<sup>r</sup> condesended upon + equall terms of agreemente, thinkeing to goe aboute y<sup>e</sup> Cap to y<sup>e</sup> + southward with y<sup>e</sup> ship, wher some store of corne might be got. + Althings being provided, Captaint Standish was <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span>apointed to goe with them, + and Squanto for a guid & interpreter, about y<sup>e</sup> <i>latter + end of September</i>; but y<sup>e</sup> winds put them in againe, & + putting out y<sup>e</sup> 2. time, he fell sick of a feavor, so y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> wente him selfe. But they could not get aboute y<sup>e</sup> + should of Cap-Cod, for flats & breakers, neither could Squanto directe + them better, nor y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. durst venture any further, + so they put into Manamoyack Bay and got w<sup>t</sup><a + name="FNanchor_AX_50" id="FNanchor_AX_50"></a><a href="#Footnote_AX_50" + class="fnanchor">[AX]</a> they could ther. In this place Squanto fell sick + of an Indean feavor, bleeding much at y<sup>e</sup> nose (which y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans take for a simptome of death), and within a few days dyed ther; + desiring y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> to pray for him, that he might goe + to y<sup>e</sup> Englishmens God in heaven, and bequeathed sundrie of his + things to sundry of his English freinds, as remembrances of his love; of + whom they had a great loss. They got in this vioage, in one place & + other, about 26. or 28. hogsheads of corne & beans, which was more + then the Indeans could well spare in these parts, for y<sup>e</sup> set + but a litle till they got English hows. And so were faine to returne, + being sory they could not gett about the Cap, to have been better laden. + After ward y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> tooke a few men & wente to y<sup>e</sup> + inland places, to get what he could, and to fetch it home at y<sup>e</sup> + spring, which did help them something. + </p> + <p> + [93] After these things, in <i>Feb</i>: a messenger came from John + Sanders, who was left cheefe over M<sup>r</sup>. Weston's men in y<sup>e</sup> + bay of Massachusets, who brought a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" + id="Page_156">[156]</a></span>letter shewing the great wants they were + falen into; and he would have borrowed a <ins title="hh">ħħ</ins> + of corne of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, but they would lend him none. He + desired advice whether he might not take it from them by force to succore + his men till he came from y<sup>e</sup> eastward, whither he was going. + The Gov<sup>r</sup> & rest deswaded him by all means from it, for it + might so exasperate the Indeans as might endanger their saftie, and all of + us might smart for it; for they had already heard how they had so wronged + y<sup>e</sup> Indeans by stealing their corne, &c. as they were much + incensed against them. Yea, so base were some of their own company, as + they wente & tould y<sup>e</sup> Indeans y<sup>t</sup> their Gov<sup>r</sup> + was purposed to come and take their corne by force. The which with other + things made them enter into a conspiracie against y<sup>e</sup> English, + of which more in y<sup>e</sup> nexte. Hear with I end this year. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1623" id="a1623"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1623.</i> + </p> + <p> + It may be thought strang that these people should fall to these + extremities in so short a time, being left competently provided when y<sup>e</sup> + ship left them, and had an addition by that moyetie of corn that was got + by trade, besids much they gott of y<sup>e</sup> Indans wher they lived, + by one means & other. It must needs be their great disorder, for they + spent excesseivly whilst they had, or could get it; and, it may be, wasted + parte away among y<sup>e</sup> Indeans (for he y<sup>t</sup> was their + cheef <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span>was + taxed by some amongst them for keeping Indean women, how truly I know + not). And after they begane to come into wants, many sould away their + cloathes and bed coverings; others (so base were they) became servants to + y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, and would cutt them woode & fetch them water, + for a cap full of corne; others fell to plaine stealing, both night & + day, from y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, of which they greevosly complained. In y<sup>e</sup> + end, they came to that misery, that some starved & dyed with could + & hunger. One in geathering shell-fish was so weake as he stuck fast + in y<sup>e</sup> mudd, and was found dead in y<sup>e</sup> place. At last + most of them left their dwellings & scatered up & downe in y<sup>e</sup> + [94] woods, & by y<sup>e</sup> water sids, wher they could find ground + nuts & clames, hear 6. and ther ten. By which their cariages they + became contemned & scorned of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, and they begane + greatly to insulte over them in a most insolente maner; insomuch, many + times as they lay thus scatered abrod, and had set on a pot with ground + nuts or shell-fish, when it was ready the Indeans would come and eate it + up; and when night came, wheras some of them had a sorie blanket, or such + like, to lappe them selves in, the Indeans would take it and let y<sup>e</sup> + other lye all nighte in the could; so as their condition was very + lamentable. Yea, in y<sup>e</sup> end they were faine to hange one of + their men, whom they could not reclaime from stealing, to give y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans contente. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + Whilst things wente in this maner with them, y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + & people hear had notice y<sup>t</sup> Massasoyte ther freind was sick + & near unto death. They sent to vissete him, and withall sente him + such comfortable things as gave him great contente, and was a means of his + recovery; upon which occasion he discovers y<sup>e</sup> conspiracie of + these Indeans, how they were resolved to cutt of M<sup>r</sup>. Westons + people, for the continuall injuries they did them, & would now take + opportunitie of their weaknes to doe it; and for that end had conspired + with other Indeans their neighbours their aboute. And thinking the people + hear would revenge their death, they therfore thought to doe y<sup>e</sup> + like by them, & had solisited him to joyne with them. He advised them + therfore to prevent it, and that speedly by taking of some of y<sup>e</sup> + cheefe of them, before it was to late, for he asured them of y<sup>e</sup> + truth hereof. + </p> + <p> + This did much trouble them, and they tooke it into serious delibration, + and found upon examenation other evidence to give light hear unto, to + longe hear to relate. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time, came one of them from y<sup>e</sup> + Massachucets, with a small pack at his back; and though he knew not a + foote of y<sup>e</sup> way, yet he got safe hither, but lost his way, + which was well for him, for he was pursued, and so was mist. He tould them + hear how all things stood amongst them, and that he durst stay no longer, + he apprehended they (by what he observed) would be all knokt in y<sup>e</sup> + head shortly. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span>This + made them make y<sup>e</sup> more hast, & dispatched a boate away w<sup>th</sup> + Capten Standish & some men, who found them in a miserable condition, + out of which he rescued them, and helped them to some releef, cut of some + few of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe conspirators, and, according to his order, + offered to bring them all hither if they thought good; and they should + fare no worse then them selves, till M<sup>r</sup>. Weston or some supplie + came to them. Or, if any other course liked them better, he was to doe + them any helpfullnes he could. They thanked him & y<sup>e</sup> rest. + But most of them desired he would help them with some corne, and they + would goe with their smale ship to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, wher hapily + they might here of M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, or some supply from him, seing y<sup>e</sup> + time of y<sup>e</sup> year was for fishing ships to [95] be in y<sup>e</sup> + land. If not, they would worke among y<sup>e</sup> fishermen for their + liveing, and get ther passage into England, if they heard nothing from M<sup>r</sup>. + Weston in time. So they shipped what they had of any worth, and he got + them all y<sup>e</sup> corne he could (scarce leaving to bring him home), + and saw them well out of the bay, under saile at sea, and so came home, + not takeing y<sup>e</sup> worth of a peny of any thing that was theirs. I + have but touched these things breefly, because they have allready been + published in printe more at large. + </p> + <p> + This was y<sup>e</sup> end of these that some time bosted of their + strength, (being all able lustie men,) and what <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span>they would doe & bring + to pass, in comparison of y<sup>e</sup> people hear, who had many women + & children and weak ons amongst them; and said at their first arivall, + when they saw the wants hear, that they would take an other course, and + not to fall into shuch a condition, as this simple people were come too. + But a mans way is not in his owne power; God can make y<sup>e</sup> weake + to stand; let him also that standeth take heed least he fall. + </p> + <p> + Shortly after, M<sup>r</sup>. Weston came over with some of y<sup>e</sup> + fishermen, under another name, and y<sup>e</sup> disguise of a + blacke-smith, were he heard of y<sup>e</sup> ruine and disolution of his + colony. He got a boat and with a man or 2. came to see how things were. + But by y<sup>e</sup> way, for wante of skill, in a storme, he cast away + his shalop in y<sup>e</sup> botome of y<sup>e</sup> bay between Meremek + river & Pascataquack, & hardly escaped with life, and afterwards + fell into the hands of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, who pillaged him of all he + saved from the sea, & striped him out of all his cloaths to his + shirte. At last he got to Pascataquack, & borrowed a suite of cloaths, + and got means to come to Plimoth. A strang alteration ther was in him to + such as had seen & known him in his former florishing condition; so + uncertaine are y<sup>e</sup> mutable things of this unstable world. And + yet men set their harts upon them, though they dayly see y<sup>e</sup> + vanity therof. + </p> + <p> + After many passages, and much discourse, (former <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span>things boyling in his mind, + but bit in as was discernd,) he desired to borrow some beaver of them; and + tould them he had hope of a ship & good supply to come to him, and + then they should have any thing for it they stood in neede of. They gave + litle credite to his supplie, but pitied his case, and remembered former + curtesies. They tould him he saw their wants, and they knew not when they + should have any supply; also how y<sup>e</sup> case stood betweene them + & their adventurers, he well knew; they had not much bever, & if + they should let him have it, it were enoughe to make a mutinie among y<sup>e</sup> + people, seeing ther was no other means to procure them foode which they so + much wanted, & cloaths allso. Yet they tould him they would help him, + considering his necessitie, but must doe it secretly for y<sup>e</sup> + former reasons. So they let him have 100. beaver-skins, which waighed 170<sup>li</sup>. + odd pounds. Thus they helpt him when all y<sup>e</sup> world faild him, + and with this means he went againe to y<sup>e</sup> ships, and stayed his + small ship & some of his men, & bought provissions and fited him + selfe; and it was y<sup>e</sup> only foundation [96] of his after course. + But he requited them ill, for he proved after a bitter enimie unto them + upon all occasions, and never repayed them any thing for it, to this day, + but reproches and evill words. Yea, he divolged it to some that were none + of their best freinds, whilst he yet had y<sup>e</sup> beaver in his boat; + that he could now set them all togeather by <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> ears, because + they had done more then they could answer, in letting him have this + beaver, and he did not spare to doe what he could. But his malice could + not prevaile. + </p> + <p> + All this whille no supply was heard of, neither knew they when they might + expecte any. So they begane to thinke how they might raise as much corne + as they could, and obtaine a beter crope then they had done, that they + might not still thus languish in miserie. At length, after much debate of + things, the Gov<sup>r</sup> (with y<sup>e</sup> advise of y<sup>e</sup> + cheefest amongest them) gave way that they should set corne every man for + his owne perticuler, and in that regard trust to them selves; in all other + things to goe on in y<sup>e</sup> generall way as before. And so assigned + to every family a parcell of land, according to the proportion of their + number for that end, only for present use (but made no devission for + inheritance), and ranged all boys & youth under some familie. This had + very good success; for it made all hands very industrious, so as much more + corne was planted then other waise would have bene by any means y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> or any other could use, and saved him a great deall of + trouble, and gave farr better contente. The women now wente willingly into + y<sup>e</sup> feild, and tooke their litle-ons with them to set corne, + which before would aledg weaknes, and inabilitie; whom to have compelled + would have bene thought great tiranie and oppression. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + The experience that was had in this com̅one course and condition, + tried sundrie years, and that amongst godly and sober men, may well evince + the vanitie of that conceite of Platos & other ancients, applauded by + some of later times;—that y<sup>e</sup> taking away of propertie, + and bringing in com̅unitie into a comone wealth, would make them + happy and florishing; as if they were wiser then God. For this comunitie + (so farr as it was) was found to breed much confusion & discontent, + and retard much imploymēt that would have been to their benefite and + comforte. For y<sup>e</sup> yong-men that were most able and fitte for + labour & service did repine that they should spend their time & + streingth to worke for other mens wives and children, with out any + recompence. The strong, or man of parts, had no more in devission of + victails & cloaths, then he that was weake and not able to doe a + quarter y<sup>e</sup> other could; this was thought injuestice. The aged + and graver men to be ranked and [97] equalised in labours, and victails, + cloaths, &c., with y<sup>e</sup> meaner & yonger sorte, thought it + some indignite & disrespect unto them. And for mens wives to be + commanded to doe servise for other men, as dresing their meate, washing + their cloaths, &c., they deemd it a kind of slaverie, neither could + many husbands well brooke it. Upon y<sup>e</sup> poynte all being to have + alike, and all to doe alike, they thought them selves in y<sup>e</sup> + like condition, and one as good as another; and so, if it did not cut of + those <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span>relations + that God hath set amongest men, yet it did at least much diminish and take + of y<sup>e</sup> mutuall respects that should be preserved amongst them. + And would have bene worse if they had been men of another condition. Let + none objecte this is men's corruption, and nothing to y<sup>e</sup> course + it selfe. I answer, seeing all men have this corruption in them, God in + his wisdome saw another course fiter for them. + </p> + <p> + But to returne. After this course setled, and by that their cor̅e was + planted, all ther victails were spente, and they were only to rest on Gods + providence; at night not many times knowing wher to have a bitt of any + thing y<sup>e</sup> next day. And so, as one well observed, had need to + pray that God would give them their dayly brade, above all people in y<sup>e</sup> + world. Yet they bore these wants with great patience & allacritie of + spirite, and that for so long a time as for y<sup>e</sup> most parte of 2. + years; which makes me remember what Peter Martire writs, (in magnifying y<sup>e</sup> + Spaniards) in his 5. Decade, pag. 208. <i>They</i> (saith he) <i>led a + miserable life for 5. days togeather, with y<sup>e</sup> parched graine of + maize only, and that not to saturitie</i>; and then concluds, <i>that + shuch pains, shuch labours, and shuch hunger, he thought none living which + is not a Spaniard could have endured</i>. But alass! these, when they had + maize (y<sup>t</sup> is, Indean corne) they thought it as good as a feast, + and wanted not only for 5. days togeather, but some time 2. or 3. months + togeather, and neither had <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" + id="Page_165">[165]</a></span>bread nor any kind of corne. Indeed, in an + other place, in his 2. Decade, page 94. he mentions how others of them + were worse put to it, wher they were faine to eate doggs, toads, and dead + men, and so dyed almost all. From these extremities the<a + name="FNanchor_AY_51" id="FNanchor_AY_51"></a><a href="#Footnote_AY_51" + class="fnanchor">[AY]</a> Lord in his goodnes kept these his people, and + in their great wants preserved both their lives and healthes; let his name + have y<sup>e</sup> praise. Yet let me hear make use of his conclusion, + which in some sorte may be applied to this people: <i>That with their + miseries they opened a way to these new-lands; and after these stormes, + with what ease other men came to inhabite in them, in respecte of y<sup>e</sup> + calamities these men suffered; so as they seeme to goe to a bride feaste + wher all things are provided for them.</i> + </p> + <p> + They haveing but one boat left and she not over well fitted, they were + devided into severall companies, 6. or 7. to a gangg or company, and so + wente out with a nett they had bought, to take bass & such like fish, + by course, every company knowing their turne. No sooner was y<sup>e</sup> + boate discharged [98] of what she brought, but y<sup>e</sup> next company + tooke her and wente out with her. Neither did they returne till they had + cauight something, though it were 5. or 6. days before, for they knew ther + was nothing at home, and to goe home emptie would be a great + discouragemente to y<sup>e</sup> rest. Yea, they strive who should doe + best. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span>If + she stayed longe or got litle, then all went to seeking of shel-fish, + which at low-water they digged out of y<sup>e</sup> sands. And this was + their living in y<sup>e</sup> som̅er time, till God sente y<sup>m</sup> + beter; & in winter they were helped with ground-nuts and foule. Also + in y<sup>e</sup> som̅er they gott now & then a dear; for one or + 2. of y<sup>e</sup> fitest was apoynted to range y<sup>e</sup> woods for y<sup>t</sup> + end, & what was gott that way was devided amongst them. + </p> + <p> + At length they received some leters from y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, too + long and tedious hear to record, by which they heard of their furder + crosses and frustrations; begining in this maner. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Loving freinds, as your sorrows & afflictions have bin great, so our + croses & interceptions in our proceedings hear, have not been small. + For after we had with much trouble & charge sente y<sup>e</sup> <i>Parragon</i> + away to sea, and thought all y<sup>e</sup> paine past, within 14. days + after she came againe hither, being dangerously leaked, and brused with + tempestious stormes, so as shee was faine to be had into y<sup>e</sup> + docke, and an 100<sup>li</sup>. bestowed upon her. All y<sup>e</sup> + passengers lying upon our charg for 6. or 7. weeks, and much discontent + and distemper was occasioned hereby, so as some dangerous evente had + like to insewed. But we trust all shall be well and worke for y<sup>e</sup> + best and your benefite, if yet with patience you can waite, and but have + strength to hold in life. Whilst these things were doing, M<sup>r</sup>. + Westons ship came and brought diverce leters from you, &c. It + rejoyseth us much to hear of those good reports y<sup>t</sup> diverce + have brought home from you, &c. + </p> + </div> + <p> + These letters were dated Des. 21: 1622. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + So farr of this leter. + </p> + <p> + This ship was brought by M<sup>r</sup>. John Peirce, and set out at his + owne charge, upon hope of great maters. These passengers, & y<sup>e</sup> + goods the company sent in her, he tooke in for fraught, for which they + agreed with him to be delivered hear. This was he in whose name their <i>first + patente</i> was taken, by reason of aquaintance, and some aliance that + some of their freinds had with him. But his name was only used in trust. + But when he saw they were hear hopfully thus seated, and by y<sup>e</sup> + success God gave them had obtained y<sup>e</sup> favour of y<sup>e</sup> + Counsell of New-England, he goes and sues to them for <i>another patent</i> + of much larger extente (in their names), which was easily obtained. But he + mente to keep it to him selfe and alow them what he pleased, to hold of + him as tenants, and sue to his courts as cheefe Lord, as will appear by + that which follows. But y<sup>e</sup> Lord marvelously crost him; for + after this first returne, and y<sup>e</sup> charge above mentioned, when + shee was againe fitted, he pesters him selfe and taks in more passengers, + and those not very good to help to bear his losses, and sets out y<sup>e</sup> + 2. time. But [99] what y<sup>e</sup> event was will appear from another + leter from one of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> company, dated y<sup>e</sup> + 9. of Aprill, 1623. writ to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> hear, as + followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Loving freind, when I write my last leter, I hope to have received one + from you well-nigh by this time. But when I write in Des: I litle + thought to have seen M<sup>r</sup>. John <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span>Peirce till he had brought + some good tidings from you. But it pleased God, he brought us y<sup>e</sup> + wofull tidings of his returne when he was half-way over, by extraime + tempest, werin y<sup>e</sup> goodnes & mercie of God appeared in + sparing their lives, being 109. souls. The loss is so great to M<sup>r</sup>. + Peirce, &c., and y<sup>e</sup> companie put upon so great charge, as + veryly, &c. + </p> + <p> + Now with great trouble & loss, we have got M<sup>r</sup>. John + Peirce to assigne over y<sup>e</sup> grand patente to y<sup>e</sup> + companie, which he had taken in his owne name, and made quite voyd our + former grante. I am sorie to writ how many hear thinke y<sup>t</sup> the + hand of God was justly against him, both y<sup>e</sup> first and 2. time + of his returne; in regard he, whom you and we so confidently trusted, + but only to use his name for y<sup>e</sup> company, should aspire to be + lord over us all, and so make you & us tenants at his will and + pleasure, our assurance or patente being quite voyd & disanuled by + his means. I desire to judg charitably of him. But his unwillingnes to + part with his royall Lordship, and y<sup>e</sup> high-rate he set it at, + which was 500<sup>li</sup>. which cost him but 50<sup>li</sup>., maks + many speake and judg hardly of him. The company are out for goods in his + ship, with charge aboute y<sup>e</sup> passengers, 640<sup>li</sup>., + &c. + </p> + <p> + We have agreed with 2. marchants for a ship of 140. tunes, caled y<sup>e</sup> + <i>Anne</i>, which is to be ready y<sup>e</sup> last of this month, to + bring 60. passengers & 60. tune of goods, &c. + </p> + </div> + <p> + This was dated Aprill 9. 1623. + </p> + <p> + These were ther owne words and judgmente of this mans dealing & + proceedings; for I thought it more meete to render them in theirs then my + owne words. And yet though ther was never got other recompence then the + resignation of this patente, and y<sup>e</sup> shares he had in adventure, + for all y<sup>e</sup> former great sumes, he was never quiet, but sued + them in most of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span>courts in England, and when + he was still cast, brought it to y<sup>e</sup> Parlemente. But he is now + dead, and I will leave him to y<sup>e</sup> Lord. + </p> + <p> + This ship suffered y<sup>e</sup> greatest extreemitie at sea at her 2. + returne, that one shall lightly hear of, to be saved; as I have been + informed by M<sup>r</sup>. William Peirce who was then m<sup>r</sup>. of + her, and many others that were passengers in her. It was aboute y<sup>e</sup> + <i>midle of Feb</i>: The storme was for y<sup>e</sup> most parte of 14. + days, but for 2. or 3. days & nights togeather in most violent + extremitie. After they had cut downe their mast, y<sup>e</sup> storme beat + of their round house and all their uper works; 3. men had worke enough at + y<sup>e</sup> helme, and he that cund y<sup>e</sup> ship before y<sup>e</sup> + sea, was faine [100] to be bound fast for washing away; the seas did so + over-rake them, as many times those upon y<sup>e</sup> decke knew not + whether they were within bord or withoute; and once she was so foundered + in y<sup>e</sup> sea as they all thought she would never rise againe. But + yet y<sup>e</sup> Lord preserved them, and brought them at last safe to <i>Ports-mouth</i>, + to y<sup>e</sup> wonder of all men y<sup>t</sup> saw in what a case she + was in, and heard what they had endured. + </p> + <p> + About y<sup>e</sup> later end of <i>June</i> came in a ship, with Captaine + Francis West, who had a comission to be admirall of New-England, to + restraine interlopers, and shuch fishing ships as came to fish & trade + without a licence from y<sup>e</sup> Counsell of New-England, for which + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span>they + should pay a round sume of money. But he could doe no good of them, for + they were to stronge for him, and he found y<sup>e</sup> fisher men to be + stuberne fellows. And their owners, upon complainte made to y<sup>e</sup> + Parlemente, procured an order y<sup>t</sup> fishing should be free. He + tould y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> they spooke with a ship at sea, and + were abord her, y<sup>t</sup> was coming for this plantation, in which + were sundrie passengers, and they marvelled she was not arrived, fearing + some miscariage; for they lost her in a storme that fell shortly after + they had been abord. Which relation filled them full of fear, yet mixed + with hope. The m<sup>r</sup>. of this ship had some 2. ħħ of + pease to sell, but seeing their wants, held them at 9<sup>li</sup>. + sterling a hoggshead, & under 8<sup>li</sup>. he would not take, and + yet would have beaver at an under rate. But they tould him they had lived + so long with out, and would doe still, rather then give so unreasonably. + So they went from hence to Virginia.<a name="FNanchor_AZ_52" + id="FNanchor_AZ_52"></a><a href="#Footnote_AZ_52" class="fnanchor">[AZ]</a> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + About 14. days after came in this ship, caled y<sup>e</sup> <i>Anne</i>, + wherof M<sup>r</sup>. William Peirce was m<sup>r</sup>., and aboute a + weeke or 10. days after came in y<sup>e</sup> pinass which in foule + weather they lost at sea, a fine new vessell of about 44. tune, which y<sup>e</sup> + company had builte to stay in the cuntrie. They brought about 60. persons + for y<sup>e</sup> generall, some of them being very usefull persons, and + became good members to y<sup>e</sup> body, and some were y<sup>e</sup> + wives and children of shuch as were hear allready. And some were so bad, + as they were faine to be at charge to send them home againe y<sup>e</sup> + next year. Also, besids these ther came a company, that did not belong to + y<sup>e</sup> generall body, but came one<a name="FNanchor_BA_53" + id="FNanchor_BA_53"></a><a href="#Footnote_BA_53" class="fnanchor">[BA]</a> + their perticuler, and were to have lands assigned them, and be for them + selves, yet to be subjecte to y<sup>e</sup> generall Goverment; <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span>which + caused some diferance and disturbance [101] amongst them, as will after + appeare. I shall hear againe take libertie to inserte a few things out of + shuch leters as came in this shipe, desiring rather to manefest things in + ther words and apprehentions, then in my owne, as much as may be, without + tediousness. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Beloved freinds, I kindly salute you all, with trust of your healths + & wellfare, being right sorie y<sup>t</sup> no supplie hath been + made to you all this while; for defence wher of, I must referr you to + our generall leters. Naitheir indeed have we now sent you many things, + which we should & would, for want of money. But persons, more then + inough, (though not all we should,) for people come flying in upon us, + but monys come creeping in to us. Some few of your old freinds are come, + as, &c. So they come droping to you, and by degrees, I hope ere long + you shall enjoye them all. And because people press so hard upon us to + goe, and often shuch as are none of y<sup>e</sup> fitest, I pray you + write ernestly to y<sup>e</sup> Treasurer and directe what persons + should be sente. It greeveth me to see so weake a company sent you, and + yet had I not been hear they had been weaker. You must still call upon + the company hear to see y<sup>t</sup> honest men be sente you, and + threaten to send them back if any other come, &c. We are not any way + so much in danger, as by corrupte an noughty persons. Shuch, and shuch, + came without my consente; but y<sup>e</sup> importunitie of their + freinds got promise of our Treasurer in my absence. Neither is ther need + we should take any lewd men, for we may have honest men enew, &c. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your assured freind, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">R. C.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + The following was from y<sup>e</sup> genrall. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Loving freinds, we most hartily salute you in all love and harty + affection; being yet in hope y<sup>t</sup> the same God which hath + hithertoo preserved you in a marvelous maner, doth yet continue your + lives and health, to his owne praise and all our comforts. Being right + sory that you have not been sent unto all this time, &c. We have in + this ship sent shuch women, as were willing and ready to goe to their + husbands and freinds, with their children, &c. We would not have you + discontente, because we have not sent you more of your old freinds, and + in speciall, him<a name="FNanchor_BB_54" id="FNanchor_BB_54"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BB_54" class="fnanchor">[BB]</a> on whom you most + depend. Farr be it from us to neclecte you, or contemne him. But as y<sup>e</sup> + intente was at first, so y<sup>e</sup> evente at last shall shew it, + that we will deal fairly, and squarly answer your expectations to the + full. Ther are also come unto you, some honest men to plant upon their + particulers besids you. A thing which if we should not give way unto, we + should wrong both them and you. Them, by puting them on things more + inconveniente, and you, for that being honest men, they will be a + strengthening to y<sup>e</sup> place, and good neighbours [102] unto + you. Tow things we would advise you of, which we have likwise signified + them hear. First, y<sup>e</sup> trade for skins to be retained for the + generall till y<sup>e</sup> devidente; 2<sup>ly</sup>. y<sup>t</sup> + their setling by you, be with shuch distance of place as is neither + inconvenient for y<sup>e</sup> lying of your lands, nor hurtfull to your + speedy & easie assembling togeather. + </p> + <p> + We have sente you diverse fisher men, with salte, &c. Diverse other + provissions we have sente you, as will appear in your bill of lading, + and though we have not sent all we would (because our cash is small), + yet it is y<sup>t</sup> we could, &c. + </p> + <p> + And allthough it seemeth you have discovered many more rivers and + fertill grounds then y<sup>t</sup> wher you are, yet seeing by <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span>Gods + providence y<sup>t</sup> place fell to you<sup>r</sup> lote, let it be + accounted as your portion; and rather fixe your eyes upon that which may + be done ther, then languish in hops after things els-wher. If your place + be not y<sup>e</sup> best, it is better, you shall be y<sup>e</sup> less + envied and encroached upon; and shuch as are earthly minded, will not + setle too near your border.<a name="FNanchor_BC_55" id="FNanchor_BC_55"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BC_55" class="fnanchor">[BC]</a> If y<sup>e</sup> land + afford you bread, and y<sup>e</sup> sea yeeld you fish, rest you a while + contented, God will one day afford you better fare. And all men shall + know you are neither fugetives nor discontents. But can, if God so order + it, take y<sup>e</sup> worst to your selves, with content,<a + name="FNanchor_BD_56" id="FNanchor_BD_56"></a><a href="#Footnote_BD_56" + class="fnanchor">[BD]</a> & leave y<sup>e</sup> best to your + neighbours, with cherfullnes. + </p> + <p> + Let it not be greeveous unto you y<sup>t</sup> you have been instruments + to breake y<sup>e</sup> ise for others who come after with less + dificulty, the honour shall be yours to y<sup>e</sup> worlds end, &c. + </p> + <p> + We bear you always in our brests, and our harty affection is towards you + all, as are y<sup>e</sup> harts of hundreds more which never saw your + faces, who doubtles pray for your saftie as their owne, as we our selves + both doe & ever shall, that y<sup>e</sup> same God which hath so + marvelously preserved you from seas, foes, and famine, will still + preserve you from all future dangers, and make you honourable amongst + men, and glorious in blise at y<sup>e</sup> last day. And so y<sup>e</sup> + Lord be with you all & send us joyfull news from you, and inable us + with one shoulder so to accomplish & perfecte this worke, as much + glorie may come to Him y<sup>t</sup> confoundeth y<sup>e</sup> mighty by + the weak, and maketh small thinges great. To whose greatnes, be all + glorie for ever & ever. + </p> + </div> + <p> + This leter was subscribed with 13. of their names. + </p> + <p> + These passengers, when they saw their low & poore condition a shore, + were much danted and dismayed, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" + id="Page_175">[175]</a></span>and according to their diverse humores were + diversly affected; some wished them selves in England againe; others fell + a weeping, fancying their own miserie in what y<sup>ey</sup> saw now in + others; other some pitying the distress they saw their freinds had been + long in, and still were under; in a word, all were full of sadnes. Only + some of their old freinds rejoysed to see them, and y<sup>t</sup> it was + no worse with them, for they could not expecte it should be better, and + now hoped they should injoye better days togeather. And truly it was [103] + no marvell they should be thus affected, for they were in a very low + condition, many were ragged in aparell, & some litle beter then halfe + naked; though some y<sup>t</sup> were well stord before, were well enough + in this regard. But for food they were all alike, save some y<sup>t</sup> + had got a few pease of y<sup>e</sup> ship y<sup>t</sup> was last hear. The + best dish they could presente their freinds with was a lobster, or a peece + of fish, without bread or any thing els but a cupp of fair spring water. + And y<sup>e</sup> long continuance of this diate, and their labours + abroad, had something abated y<sup>e</sup> freshnes of their former + complexion. But God gave them health and strength in a good measure; and + shewed them by experience y<sup>e</sup> truth of y<sup>t</sup> word, Deut. + 8. 3. <i>Y<sup>t</sup> man liveth not by bread only, but by every word y<sup>t</sup> + proceedeth out of y<sup>e</sup> mouth of y<sup>e</sup> Lord doth a man + live.</i> + </p> + <p> + When I think how sadly y<sup>e</sup> scripture speaks of the famine in + Jaakobs time, when he said to his sonns, <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span>Goe buy us food, that we may + live and not dye. Gen. 42. 2. and 43. 1, that the famine was great, or + heavie in the land; and yet they had such great herds, and store of catle + of sundrie kinds, which, besids flesh, must needs produse other food, as + milke, butter & cheese, &c., and yet it was counted a sore + affliction; theirs hear must needs be very great, therfore, who not only + wanted the staffe of bread, but all these things, and had no Egipte to goe + too. But God fedd them out of y<sup>e</sup> sea for y<sup>e</sup> most + parte, so wonderfull is his providence over his in all ages; for his + mercie endureth for ever. + </p> + <p> + On y<sup>e</sup> other hand the old planters were affraid that their + corne, when it was ripe, should be imparted to y<sup>e</sup> new-com̅ers, + whose provissions w<sup>ch</sup> they brought with them they feared would + fall short before y<sup>e</sup> year wente aboute (as indeed it did). They + came to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> and besought him that as it was + before agreed that they should set corne for their perticuler, and + accordingly they had taken extraordinary pains ther aboute, that they + might freely injoye the same, and they would not have a bitte of y<sup>e</sup> + victails now come, but waite till harvest for their owne, and let y<sup>e</sup> + new-com̅ers injoye what they had brought; they would have none of it, + excepte they could purchase any of it of them by bargaine or exchainge. + Their requeste was granted them, for it gave both sides good contente; for + y<sup>e</sup> new-com̅ers were as much afraid that y<sup>e</sup> + hungrie <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span>planters + would have eat up y<sup>e</sup> provissions brought, and they should have + fallen into y<sup>e</sup> like condition. + </p> + <p> + This ship was in a shorte time laden with clapbord, by y<sup>e</sup> help + of many hands. Also they sente in her all y<sup>e</sup> beaver and other + furrs they had, & M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was sent over with her, to + informe of all things, and procure such things as were thought needfull + for their presente condition. By this time harvest was come, and in stead + of famine, now God gave them plentie, and y<sup>e</sup> face of things was + changed, to y<sup>e</sup> rejoysing of y<sup>e</sup> harts of many, for + which they blessed God. And y<sup>e</sup> effect of their particuler + planting was well seene, for all had, one way & other, pretty well to + bring y<sup>e</sup> year aboute, and some of y<sup>e</sup> abler sorte and + more [104] industrious had to spare, and sell to others, so as any + generall wante or famine hath not been amongst them since to this day. + </p> + <p> + Those that come on their perticuler looked for greater matters then they + found or could attaine unto, aboute building great houses, and such + pleasant situations for them, as them selves had fancied; as if they would + be great men & rich, all of a sudaine; but they proved castls in y<sup>e</sup> + aire. These were y<sup>e</sup> conditions agreed on betweene y<sup>e</sup> + colony and them. + </p> + <p> + First, that y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>, in y<sup>e</sup> name and with + y<sup>e</sup> consente of y<sup>e</sup> company, doth in all love and + frendship receive and imbrace them; and is to allote them competente + places for habitations within y<sup>e</sup> towne. And promiseth <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span>to shew + them all such other curtesies as shall be reasonable for them to desire, + or us to performe. + </p> + <p> + 2. That they, on their parts, be subjecte to all such laws & orders as + are already made, or hear after shall be, for y<sup>e</sup> publick good. + </p> + <p> + 3. That they be freed and exempte from y<sup>e</sup> generall imployments + of the said company, (which their presente condition of comunitie + requireth,) excepte commune defence, & such other imployments as tend + to y<sup>e</sup> perpetuall good of y<sup>e</sup> collony. + </p> + <p> + 4<sup>ly</sup>. Towards y<sup>e</sup> maintenance of Goṽ<sup>rt</sup>, + & publick officers of y<sup>e</sup> said collony, every male above y<sup>e</sup> + age of 16. years shall pay a bushell of Indean wheat, or y<sup>e</sup> + worth of it, into y<sup>e</sup> commone store. + </p> + <p> + 5<sup>ly</sup>. That (according to y<sup>e</sup> agreemente y<sup>e</sup> + marchants made with y<sup>m</sup> before they came) they are to be wholy + debared from all trade with the Indeans for all sorts of furrs, and such + like commodities, till y<sup>e</sup> time of y<sup>e</sup> comunallitie be + ended. + </p> + <p> + About y<sup>e</sup> midle of September arrived Captaine Robart Gorges in y<sup>e</sup> + Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, with sundrie passengers and families, + intending ther to begine a plantation; and pitched upon y<sup>e</sup> + place M<sup>r</sup>. Weston's people had forsaken. He had a com̅ission + from y<sup>e</sup> Counsell of New-England, to be generall Gove<sup>r</sup> + of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie, and they appoynted for his counsell & + assistance, Captaine Francis West, y<sup>e</sup> aforesaid admirall, + Christopher Levite, Esquire, and y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> of Plimoth + for <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + time beeing, etc. Allso, they gave him authoritie to chuse such other as + he should find fit. Allso, they gave (by their com̅ission) full power + to him and his assistants, or any 3. of them, wherof him selfe was allway + to be one, to doe and execute what to them should seeme good, in all + cases, Capitall, Criminall, and Civill, etc., with diverce other + instructions. Of which, and his comission, it pleased him to suffer y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> hear to take a coppy. + </p> + <p> + He gave them notice of his arivall by letter, but before they could visite + him he went to y<sup>e</sup> eastward with y<sup>e</sup> ship he came in; + but a storme arising, (and they wanting a good pilot to harbor them in + those parts,) they bore up for this harbor. He and his men were hear + kindly entertained; he stayed hear 14. days. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time + came in M<sup>r</sup>. Weston with his small ship, which he had now + recovered. [105<a name="FNanchor_BE_57" id="FNanchor_BE_57"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BE_57" class="fnanchor">[BE]</a>] Captaine Gorges tooke + hold of y<sup>e</sup> opportunitie, and acquainted y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + hear, that one occasion of his going to y<sup>e</sup> eastward was to + meete with M<sup>r</sup>. Weston, and call him to accounte for some abuses + he had to lay to his charge. Wherupon he called him before him, and some + other of his assistants, with y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> of this place; + and charged him, first, with y<sup>e</sup> ille carriage of his men at y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets; by which means the peace of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie was + disturbed, and him selfe and the people which he had brought over to + plante in that <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span>bay + were therby much prejudised. To this M<sup>r</sup>. Weston easily + answered, that what was that way done, was in his absence, and might have + befalen any man; he left them sufficently provided, and conceived they + would have been well governed; and for any errour com̅itted he had + sufficiently smarted. This particuler was passed by. A 2<sup>d</sup>. was, + for an abuse done to his father, S<sup>r</sup>. Ferdenando Gorges, and to + y<sup>e</sup> State. The thing was this; he used him & others of y<sup>e</sup> + Counsell of New-England, to procure him a licence for y<sup>e</sup> + transporting of many peeces of great ordnance for New-England, pretending + great fortification hear in y<sup>e</sup> countrie, & I know not what + shipping. The which when he had obtained, he went and sould them beyond + seas for his private profite; for which (he said) y<sup>e</sup> State was + much offended, and his father suffered a shrowd check, and he had order to + apprehend him for it. M<sup>r</sup>. Weston excused it as well as he + could, but could not deney it; it being one maine thing (as was said) for + which he with-drew himself. But after many passages, by y<sup>e</sup> + mediation of y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> and some other freinds hear, he + was inclined to gentlnes (though he aprehended y<sup>e</sup> abuse of his + father deeply); which, when M<sup>r</sup>. Weston saw, he grew more + presumptuous, and gave such provocking & cutting speches, as made him + rise up in great indignation & distemper, and vowed y<sup>t</sup> he + would either curb him, or send him home for England. At which M<sup>r</sup>. + Weston was something danted, and came <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span>privatly to y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> hear, to know whether they would suffer Captaine Gorges to + apprehend him. He was tould they could not hinder him, but much blamed + him, y<sup>t</sup> after they had pacified things, he should thus breake + out, by his owne folly & rashnes, to bring trouble upon him selfe + & them too. He confest it was his passion, and prayd y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + to entreat for him, and pacifie him if he could. The which at last he did, + with much adoe; so he was called againe, and y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + was contente to take his owne bond to be ready to make further answer, + when either he or y<sup>e</sup> lords should send for him. And at last he + tooke only his word, and ther was a freīdly parting on all hands. + </p> + <p> + But after he was gone, M<sup>r</sup>. Weston in lue of thanks to y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> and his freinds hear, gave them this quib (behind their + baks) for all their pains. That though they were but yonge justices, yet + they wear good beggers. Thus they parted at this time, and shortly after y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> tooke his leave and went to y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets by + land, being very thankfull for his kind entertainemente. The ship stayed + hear, and fitted her selfe to goe for Virginia, having some passengers + ther to deliver; and with her returned sundrie of those from hence which + came over on their perticuler, some out of discontente and dislike of y<sup>e</sup> + cuntrie; others by reason of a fire that broke out, and burnt y<sup>e</sup> + houses they lived in, and all their provisions [106<a name="FNanchor_BF_58" + id="FNanchor_BF_58"></a><a href="#Footnote_BF_58" class="fnanchor">[BF]</a>] + so as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span>they + were necessitated therunto. This fire was occasioned by some of y<sup>e</sup> + sea-men that were roystering in a house wher it first begane, makeing a + great fire in very could weather, which broke out of y<sup>e</sup> chimney + into y<sup>e</sup> thatch, and burnte downe 3. or 4. houses, and consumed + all y<sup>e</sup> goods & provissions in y<sup>m</sup>. The house in + which it begane was right against their store-house, which they had much + adoe to save, in which were their com̅one store & all their + provissions; y<sup>e</sup> which if it had been lost, y<sup>e</sup> + plantation had been over-throwne. But through Gods mercie it was saved by + y<sup>e</sup> great dilligence of y<sup>e</sup> people, & care of the + Gov<sup>r</sup> & some aboute him. Some would have had y<sup>e</sup> + goods throwne out; but if they had, ther would much have been stolne by + the rude company y<sup>t</sup> belonged to these 2. ships, which were + allmost all ashore. But a trusty company was plased within, as well as + those that with wet-cloaths & other means kept of y<sup>e</sup> fire + without, that if necessitie required they might have them out with all + speed. For y<sup>ey</sup> suspected some malicious dealling, if not plaine + treacherie, and whether it was only suspition or no, God knows; but this + is certaine, that when y<sup>e</sup> tumulte was greatest, ther was a + voyce heard (but from whom it was not knowne) that bid them looke well + aboute them, for all were not freinds y<sup>t</sup> were near them. And + shortly after, when the vemencie of y<sup>e</sup> fire was over, smoke was + seen to arise within a shed y<sup>t</sup> was joynd to y<sup>e</sup> end + of y<sup>e</sup> storehouse, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" + id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>which was watled up with bowes, in y<sup>e</sup> + withered leaves wherof y<sup>e</sup> fire was kindled, which some, run̅ing + to quench, found a longe firebrand of an ell longe, lying under y<sup>e</sup> + wale on y<sup>e</sup> inside, which could not possibly come their by + cassualtie, but must be laid ther by some hand, in y<sup>e</sup> judgmente + of all that saw it. But God kept them from this deanger, what ever was + intended. + </p> + <p> + Shortly after Captaine Gorges, y<sup>e</sup> generall Gov<sup>r</sup>, was + come home to y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, he sends a warrante to arrest M<sup>r</sup>. + Weston & his ship, and sends a m<sup>r</sup>. to bring her away + thither, and one Captain Hanson (that belonged to him) to conducte him + along. The Gov<sup>r</sup> & others hear were very sory to see him + take this course, and tooke exception at y<sup>e</sup> warrante, as not + legall nor sufficiente; and withall write to him to disswade him from this + course, shewing him y<sup>t</sup> he would but entangle and burthen him + selfe in doing this; for he could not doe M<sup>r</sup>. Weston a better + turne, (as things stood with him); for he had a great many men that + belonged to him in this barke, and was deeply ingaged to them for wages, + and was in a man̅er out of victails (<i>and now winter</i>); all + which would light upon him, if he did arrest his barke. In y<sup>e</sup> + mean time M<sup>r</sup>. Weston had notice to shift for him selfe; but it + was conceived he either knew not whither to goe, or how to mend him selfe, + but was rather glad of y<sup>e</sup> occasion, and so stirred not. But y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> would not be perswaded, but <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>[107] sent a very formall + warrente under his hand & seall, with strict charge as they would + answere it to y<sup>e</sup> state; he also write that he had better + considered of things since he was hear, and he could not answer it to let + him goe so; besids other things that were come to his knowledg since, + which he must answer too. So he was suffered to proceede, but he found in + the end that to be true that was tould him; for when an inventorie was + taken of what was in y<sup>e</sup> ship, ther was not vitailes found for + above 14. days, at a pare allowance, and not much else of any great worth, + & the men did so crie out of him for wages and diate, in y<sup>e</sup> + mean time, as made him soone weary. So as in conclusion it turned to his + loss, and y<sup>e</sup> expence of his owne provissions; and <i>towards + the spring</i> they came to agreement, (after they had bene to y<sup>e</sup> + eastward,) and y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> restord him his vessell + againe, and made him satisfaction, in bisket, meal, and such like + provissions, for what he had made use of that was his, or what his men had + any way wasted or consumed. So M<sup>r</sup>. Weston came hither againe, + and afterward shaped his course for Virginie, & so for present I shall + leave him.<a name="FNanchor_BG_59" id="FNanchor_BG_59"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BG_59" class="fnanchor">[BG]</a> + </p> + <p> + The Gov<sup>r</sup> and some y<sup>t</sup> depended upon him returned for + England, haveing scarcly saluted y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie in his Govermente, + not finding the state of things hear to <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span>answer his quallitie & + condition. The peopl dispersed them selves, some went for England, others + for Virginia, some few remained, and were helped with supplies from hence. + The Gov<sup>r</sup> brought over a minister with him, one M<sup>r</sup>. + Morell, who, about a year after y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> returned, + tooke shipping from hence. He had I know not what power and authority of + superintendancie over other churches granted him, and sundrie instructions + for that end; but he never shewed it, or made any use of it; (it should + seeme he saw it was in vaine;) he only speake of it to some hear at his + going away. This was in effect y<sup>e</sup> end of a 2. plantation in + that place. Ther were allso this year some scatering beginings made in + other places, as at Paskataway, by M<sup>r</sup>. David Thomson, at + Monhigen, and some other places by sundrie others. + </p> + <p> + It rests now y<sup>t</sup> I speake a word aboute y<sup>e</sup> pin̅ass + spoken of before, which was sent by y<sup>e</sup> adventurers to be + imployed in y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie. She was a fine vessell, and bravely set + out,<a name="FNanchor_BH_60" id="FNanchor_BH_60"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BH_60" class="fnanchor">[BH]</a> and I fear y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers did over pride them selves in her, for she had ill success. + How ever, they erred grosly in tow things aboute her; first, though she + had a sufficiente maister, yet she was rudly man̅ed, and all her men + were upon shars, and none was to have any wages but y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. + 2<sup>ly</sup>, wheras they mainly lookt at trade, they had sent nothing + of any value to trade with. When the men came hear, and mette with <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span>ill + counsell from M<sup>r</sup>. Weston & his crue, with others of y<sup>e</sup> + same stampe, neither m<sup>r</sup>. nor Gov<sup>r</sup> could scarce rule + [108] them, for they exclaimed that they were abused & deceived, for + they were tould they should goe for a man of warr, and take I know not + whom, French & Spaniards, &c. They would neither trade nor fish, + excepte they had wages; in fine, they would obey no com̅and of y<sup>e</sup> + maisters; so it was apprehended they would either rune away with y<sup>e</sup> + vessell, or get away w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> ships, and leave her; so + as M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce & others of their freinds perswaded the Gov<sup>r</sup> + to chaing their condition, and give them wages; which was accordingly + done. And she was sente about y<sup>e</sup> Cape to y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansets to trade, but they made but a poore vioage of it. Some corne + and beaver they got, but y<sup>e</sup> Dutch used to furnish them with + cloath & better com̅odities, they haveing only a few beads & + knives, which were not ther much esteemed. Allso, in her returne home, at + y<sup>e</sup> very entrance into ther owne harbore, she had like to have + been cast away in a storme, and was forced to cut her maine mast by y<sup>e</sup> + bord, to save herselfe from driving on y<sup>e</sup> flats that lye + without, caled Browns Ilands, the force of y<sup>e</sup> wind being so + great as made her anchors give way and she drive right upon them; but her + mast & takling being gone, they held her till y<sup>e</sup> wind + shifted. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span> + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1624" id="a1624"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1624.</i> + </p> + <p> + The time of new election of ther officers for this year being come, and<a + name="FNanchor_BI_61" id="FNanchor_BI_61"></a><a href="#Footnote_BI_61" + class="fnanchor">[BI]</a> y<sup>e</sup> number of their people increased, + and their troubls and occasions therwith, the Gov<sup>r</sup> desired them + to chainge y<sup>e</sup> persons, as well as renew y<sup>e</sup> election; + and also to adde more Assistans to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> for help + & counsell, and y<sup>e</sup> better carrying on of affairs. Showing + that it was necessarie it should be so. If it was any honour or benefite, + it was fitte others should be made pertakers of it; if it was a burthen, + (as doubtles it was,) it was but equall others should help to bear it; and + y<sup>t</sup> this was y<sup>e</sup> end of An̅uall Elections. The + issue was, that as before ther was but one Assistante, they now chose 5. + giving the Gov<sup>r</sup> a duble voyce; and aftwards they increased them + to 7. which course hath continued to this day. + </p> + <p> + They having with some truble & charge new-masted and rigged their + pinass, in y<sup>e</sup> begining of March they sent her well vitaled to + the eastward on fishing. She arrived safly at a place near Damarins cove, + and was there well harbored in a place wher ships used to ride, ther being + also some ships allready arived out of England. But shortly after ther + [109] arose such a violent & extraordinarie storme, as y<sup>e</sup> + seas broak over such places in y<sup>e</sup> harbor as was never seene + before, and drive her against great roks, which beat such <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span>a hole in + her bulke, as a horse and carte might have gone in, and after drive her + into deep-water, wher she lay sunke. The m<sup>r</sup>. was drowned, the + rest of y<sup>e</sup> men, all save one, saved their lives, with much a + doe; all her provision, salt, and what els was in her, was lost. And here + I must leave her to lye till afterward. + </p> + <p> + Some of those that still remained hear on their perticuler, begane + privatly to nurish a faction, and being privie to a strong faction that + was among y<sup>e</sup> adventurers in England, on whom sundry of them did + depend, by their private whispering they drew some of the weaker sorte of + y<sup>e</sup> company to their side, and so filld them with discontente, + as nothing would satisfie them excepte they might be suffered to be in + their perticuler allso; and made great offers, so they might be freed from + y<sup>e</sup> generall. The Gov<sup>r</sup> consulting with y<sup>e</sup> + ablest of y<sup>e</sup> generall body what was best to be done hear in, it + was resolved to permitte them so to doe, upon equall conditions. The + conditions were the same in effect with y<sup>e</sup> former before + related. Only some more added, as that they should be bound here to + remaine till y<sup>e</sup> generall partnership was ended. And also that + they should pay into y<sup>e</sup> store, y<sup>e</sup> on halfe of all + such goods and comodities as they should any waise raise above their food, + in consideration of what charg had been layed out for them, with some such + like things. This liberty granted, soone stopt this gape, for ther was but + a few that undertooke this course when it <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span>came too; and they were as + sone weary of it. For the other had perswaded them, & M<sup>r</sup>. + Weston togeather, that ther would never come more supply to y<sup>e</sup> + generall body; but y<sup>e</sup> perticulers had such freinds as would + carry all, and doe for them I know not what. + </p> + <p> + Shortly after, M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow came over, and brought a prety good + supply, and the ship came on fishing, a thing fatall to this plantation. + He brought 3. heifers & a bull, the first begining of any catle of + that kind in y<sup>e</sup> land, with some cloathing & other + necessaries, as will further appear; but withall y<sup>e</sup> reporte of + a strong faction amongst y<sup>e</sup> adventurers[BJ] against them, and + espetially against y<sup>e</sup> coming of y<sup>e</sup> rest from Leyden, + and with what difficulty this supply was procured, and how, by their + strong & long opposision, bussines was so retarded as not only they + were now falne too late for y<sup>e</sup> fishing season, but the best men + were taken up of y<sup>e</sup> fishermen in the west countrie, and he was + forct to take such a m<sup>r</sup>. & company for that imployment as + he could procure upon y<sup>e</sup> present. Some letters from them shall + beter declare these things, being as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + [110] Most worthy & loving freinds, your kind & loving leters I + have received, and render you many thanks, &c. It hath plased God to + stirre up y<sup>e</sup> harts of our adventurers<a name="FNanchor_BJ_62" + id="FNanchor_BJ_62"></a><a href="#Footnote_BJ_62" class="fnanchor">[BJ]</a> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span>to + raise a new stock for the seting forth of this shipe, caled the + Charitie, with men & necessaries, both for the plantation and the + fishing, though accomplished with very great difficulty; in regard we + have some amongst us which undoubtedly aime more at their owne private + ends, and the thwarting & opposing of some hear, and other worthy + instruments,<a name="FNanchor_BK_63" id="FNanchor_BK_63"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BK_63" class="fnanchor">[BK]</a> of Gods glory elswher, + then at the generall good and furtherance of this noble & laudable + action. Yet againe we have many other, and I hope the greatest parte, + very honest Christian men, which I am perswaded their ends and intents + are wholy for the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ, in the propagation of + his gospell, and hope of gaining those poore salvages to the knowledg of + God. But, as we have a proverbe, One scabed sheep may marr a whole + flock, so these malecontented persons, & turbulente spirits, doe + what in them lyeth to withdraw mens harts from you and your freinds, + yea, even from the generall bussines; and yet under show and pretence of + godlynes and furtherance of the plantation. Wheras the quite contrary + doth plainly appeare; as some of the honester harted men (though of late + of their faction) did make manifest at our late meeting. But what should + I trouble you or my selfe with these restles opposers of all goodnes, + and I doubte will be continuall disturbers of our frendly meetings & + love. On Thurs-day the 8. of Jan: we had a meeting aboute the artickls + betweene you & us; wher they would rejecte that, which we in our + late leters prest you to grante, (an addition to the time of our joynt + stock). And their reason which they would make known to us was, it + trobled their conscience to exacte longer time of you then was agreed + upon at the first. But that night they were so followed and crost of + their perverse courses, as they were even wearied, and offered to sell + their adventurs; and some were willing to buy. But I, doubting they + would raise more scandale and false <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span>reports, and so diverse + waise doe us more hurt, by going of in such a furie, then they could or + can by continuing adventurers amongst us, would not suffer them. But on + y<sup>e</sup> 12. of Jan: we had another meting, but in the interime + diverse of us had talked with most of them privatly, and had great + combats & reasoning, pro & con. But at night when we mete to + read y<sup>e</sup> generall letter, we had y<sup>e</sup> loveingest and + frendlyest meeting that ever I knew<a name="FNanchor_BL_64" + id="FNanchor_BL_64"></a><a href="#Footnote_BL_64" class="fnanchor">[BL]</a> + and our greatest enemise offered to lend us 50<sub>li</sub>. So I sent + for a potle of wine, (I would you could<a name="FNanchor_BM_65" + id="FNanchor_BM_65"></a><a href="#Footnote_BM_65" class="fnanchor">[BM]</a> + doe y<sup>e</sup> like,) which we dranke freindly together. Thus God can + turne y<sup>e</sup> harts of men when it pleaseth him, &c. Thus + loving freinds, I hartily salute you all in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, hoping + ever to rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Yours to my power, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Jan: 25. 1623. + </div> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + [111] <i>Another leter.</i> + </p> + <p> + Beloved S<sup>r</sup>., &c. We have now sent you, we hope, men & + means, to setle these 3. things, viz. fishing, salt making, and boat + making; if you can bring them to pass to some perfection, your wants may + be supplyed. I pray you bend you selfe what you can to setle these + bussinesses. Let y<sup>e</sup> ship be fraught away as soone as you can, + and sent to Bilbow. You must send some discreete man for factore, whom, + once more, you must also authorise to confirme y<sup>e</sup> conditions. + If M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow could be spared, I could wish he came <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span>againe. + This ship carpenter is thought to be the fittest man for you in the + land, and will no doubte doe you much good. Let him have an absolute + comand over his servants & such as you put to him. Let him build you + 2. catches, a lighter, and some 6. or 7. shalops, as soone as you can. + The salt-man is a skillfull & industrious man, put some to him, that + may quickly apprehende y<sup>e</sup> misterie of it. The preacher we + have sent is (we hope) an honest plaine man, though none of y<sup>e</sup> + most eminente and rare. Aboute chusing him into office use your owne + liberty & discretion; he knows he is no officer amongst you, though + perhaps custome & universalitie may make him forget him selfe. M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow & my selfe gave way to his going, to give contente to some + hear, and we see no hurt in it, but only his great charge of children. + </p> + <p> + We have tooke a patente for Cap Anne, &c. I am sory ther is no more + discretion used by some in their leters hither.<a name="FNanchor_BN_66" + id="FNanchor_BN_66"></a><a href="#Footnote_BN_66" class="fnanchor">[BN]</a> + Some say you are starved in body & soule; others, y<sup>t</sup> you + eate piggs & doggs, that dye alone; others, that y<sup>e</sup> + things hear spoaken of, y<sup>e</sup> goodnes of y<sup>e</sup> cuntry, + are gross and palpable lyes; that ther is scarce a foule to be seene, or + a fish to be taken, and many such like. I would such discontented men + were hear againe, for it is a miserie when y<sup>e</sup> whole state of + a plantation shall be thus exposed to y<sup>e</sup> passionate humors of + some discontented men. And for my selfe I shall hinder for hearafter + some y<sup>t</sup> would goe, and have not better composed their + affections; mean space it is all our crosses, and we must bear them. + </p> + <p> + I am sorie we have not sent you more and other things, but in truth we + have rune into so much charge, to victaile y<sup>e</sup> ship, provide + salte & other fishing implements, &c. as we could not provid + other comfortable things, as buter, suger, &c. I hope the returne of + this ship, and the James, will <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" + id="Page_193">[193]</a></span>put us in cash againe. The Lord make you + full of courage in this troublesome bussines, which now must be stuck + unto, till God give us rest from our labours. Fare well in all harty + affection. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your assured friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">R. C.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Jan: 24. 1623. + </div> + </div> + <p> + With y<sup>e</sup> former letter write by M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, there + were sente sundrie objections concerning which he thus writeth. "These are + the cheefe objections which they [112] that are now returned make against + you and the countrie. I pray you consider them, and answer them by the + first conveniencie." These objections were made by some of those that came + over on their perticuler and were returned home, as is before mentioned, + and were of y<sup>e</sup> same suite with those y<sup>t</sup> this other + letter mentions. + </p> + <p> + I shall here set them downe, with y<sup>e</sup> answers then made unto + them, and sent over at y<sup>e</sup> returne of this ship; which did so + confound y<sup>e</sup> objecters, as some confessed their falte, and + others deneyed what they had said, and eate their words, & some others + of them have since come over againe and heere lived to convince them + selves sufficiently, both in their owne & other mens judgments. + </p> + <p> + 1. obj. was diversitie aboute Religion. Ans: We know no such matter, for + here was never any controversie or opposition, either publicke or private, + (to our knowledg,) since we came. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + 2. ob: Neglecte of familie duties, one y<sup>e</sup> Lords day. + </p> + <p> + Ans. We allow no such thing, but blame it in our selves & others; and + they that thus reporte it, should have shewed their Christian love the + more if they had in love tould y<sup>e</sup> offenders of it, rather then + thus to reproach them behind their baks. But (to say no more) we wish them + selves had given better example. + </p> + <p> + 3. ob: Wante of both the sacrements. + </p> + <p> + Ans. The more is our greefe, that our pastor is kept from us, by whom we + might injoye them; for we used to have the Lords Supper every Saboth, and + baptisme as often as ther was occasion of children to baptise. + </p> + <p> + 4. ob: Children not catechised nor taught to read. + </p> + <p> + Ans: Neither is true; for diverse take pains with their owne as they can; + indeede, we have no com̅one schoole for want of a fitt person, or + hithertoo means to maintaine one; though we desire now to begine. + </p> + <p> + 5. ob: Many of y<sup>e</sup> perticuler members of y<sup>e</sup> + plantation will not work for y<sup>e</sup> generall. + </p> + <p> + Ans: This allso is not wholy true; for though some doe it not willingly, + & other not honestly, yet all doe it; and he that doth worst gets his + owne foode & something besids. But we will not excuse them, but labour + to reforme them y<sup>e</sup> best we cane, or else to quitte y<sup>e</sup> + plantation of them. + </p> + <p> + 6. ob: The water is not wholsome. + </p> + <p> + Ans: If they mean, not so wholsome as y<sup>e</sup> good <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span>beere and + wine in London, (which they so dearly love,) we will not dispute with + them; but els, for water, it is as good as any in the world, (for ought we + knowe,) and it is wholsome enough to us that can be contente therwith. + </p> + <p> + 7. ob: The ground is barren and doth bear no grasse. + </p> + <p> + [113] Ans: It is hear (as in all places) some better & some worse; and + if they well consider their words, in England they shall not find such + grasse in them, as in their feelds & meadows. The catle find grasse, + for they are as fatt as need be; we wish we had but one for every hundred + that hear is grase to keep. Indeed, this objection, as some other, are + ridiculous to all here which see and know y<sup>e</sup> contrary. + </p> + <p> + 8. ob: The fish will not take salt to keepe sweete. + </p> + <p> + Ans: This is as true as that which was written, that ther is scarce a + foule to be seene or a fish to be taken. Things likly to be true in a + cuntrie wher so many sayle of ships come yearly a fishing; they might as + well say, there can no aile or beere in London be kept from sowering. + </p> + <p> + 9. ob: Many of them are theevish and steale on from an other. + </p> + <p> + Ans: Would London had been free from that crime, then we should not have + been trobled with these here; it is well knowne sundrie have smarted well + for it, and so are y<sup>e</sup> rest like to doe, if they be taken. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + 10. ob: The countrie is anoyed with foxes and woules. + </p> + <p> + Ans: So are many other good cuntries too; but poyson, traps, and other + such means will help to destroy them. + </p> + <p> + 11. ob: The Dutch are planted nere Hudsons Bay, and are likely to + overthrow the trade. + </p> + <p> + Ans: They will come and plante in these parts, also, if we and others doe + not, but goe home and leave it to them. We rather commend them, then + condemne them for it. + </p> + <p> + 12. ob: The people are much anoyed with muskeetoes. + </p> + <p> + Ans: They are too delicate and unfitte to begine new-plantations and + collonies, that cannot enduer the biting of a muskeeto; we would wish such + to keepe at home till at least they be muskeeto proofe. Yet this place is + as free as any, and experience teacheth that y<sup>e</sup> more y<sup>e</sup> + land is tild, and y<sup>e</sup> woods cut downe, the fewer ther will be, + and in the end scarse any at all. + </p> + <p> + Having thus dispatcht these things, that I may handle things togeather, I + shall here inserte 2. other letters from M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson their + pastor; the one to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>, y<sup>e</sup> other to M<sup>r</sup>. + Brewster their Elder, which will give much light to y<sup>e</sup> former + things, and express the tender love & care of a true pastor over them.<span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>His leter to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>.</i> + </p> + <p> + My loving & much beloved friend, whom God hath hithertoo preserved, + preserve and keepe you still to his glorie, and y<sup>e</sup> good of + many; that his blessing may make your godly and wise endeavours + answerable to y<sup>e</sup> valuation which they ther have, & set + upon y<sup>e</sup> same. Of your love too and care for us here, we never + doubted; so are we glad to take knowledg of it in that fullnes we doe. + Our love & care to and for you, is mutuall, though our hopes of + coming [114] unto you be small, and weaker then ever. But of this at + large in Mr. Brewsters letter, with whom you, and he with you, mutualy, + I know, comunicate your letters, as I desire you may doe these, &c. + </p> + <p> + Concerning y<sup>e</sup> killing of those poor Indeans, of which we + heard at first by reporte, and since by more certaine relation, oh! how + happy a thing had it been, if you had converted some, before you had + killed any; besids, wher bloud is one begune to be shed, it is seldome + stanched of a long time after. You will say they deserved it. I grant + it; but upon what provocations and invitments by those heathenish + Christians?<a name="FNanchor_BO_67" id="FNanchor_BO_67"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BO_67" class="fnanchor">[BO]</a> Besids, you, being no + magistrats over them, were to consider, not what they deserved, but what + you were by necessitie constrained to inflicte. Necessitie of this, + espetially of killing so many, (and many more, it seems, they would, if + they could,) I see not. Methinks on or tow principals should have been + full enough, according to that approved rule, The punishmente to a few, + and y<sup>e</sup> fear to many. Upon this occasion let me be bould to + exhorte you seriouly to consider of y<sup>e</sup> dispossition of your + Captaine, whom I love, and am perswaded y<sup>e</sup> Lord in great + mercie and for much good hath sent you him, if you use him aright. He is + a man humble and meek amongst you, and towards all <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span>in ordinarie course. But + now if this be meerly from an humane spirite, ther is cause to fear that + by occasion, espetially of provocation, ther may be wanting y<sup>t</sup> + tendernes of y<sup>e</sup> life of man (made after Gods image) which is + meete. It is also a thing more glorious in mens eyes, then pleasing in + Gods, or conveniente for Christians, to be a terrour to poore barbarous + people; and indeed I am afraid least, by these occasions, others should + be drawne to affecte a kind of rufling course in the world. I doubt not + but you will take in good part these things which I write, and as ther + is cause make use of them. It were to us more comfortable and + convenient, that we comunicated our mutuall helps in presence, but + seeing that canot be done, we shall always long after you, and love you, + and waite Gods apoynted time. The adventurers it seems have neither + money nor any great mind of us, for y<sup>e</sup> most parte. They deney + it to be any part of y<sup>e</sup> covenants betwixte us, that they + should trāsporte us, neither doe I looke for any further help from + them, till means come from you. We hear are strangers in effecte to y<sup>e</sup> + whole course, and so both we and you (save as your owne wisdoms and + worths have intressed you further) of principals intended in this + bussines, are scarce accessaries, &c. My wife, with me, resalute you + & yours. Unto him who is y<sup>e</sup> same to his in all places, + and nere to them which are farr from one an other, I comend you and all + with you, resting, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Yours truly loving, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Robinson.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Leyden, Des: 19. 1623. + </div> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>His to M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster.</i> + </p> + <p> + Loving and dear friend and brother: That which I most desired of God in + regard of you, namly, y<sup>e</sup> continuance of your life and health, + and the safe coming of these sent unto <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span>you, that I most gladly + hear of, and praise God for the same. And I hope M<sup>rs</sup>. + Brewsters weake and decayed state of body will have some reparing by the + coming of her daughters, and the provissions in this and former ships, I + hear is made for you; which maks us with more patience bear our + languishing state, and y<sup>e</sup> deferring of our desired trāsportation; + w<sup>ch</sup> I call desired, rather than hoped for, whatsoever you are + borne in hand by any others. For first, ther is no hope at all, that I + know, or can conceive of, of any new stock to be raised for that end; so + that all must depend [115] upon returns from you, in which are so many + uncertainties, as that nothing with any certaintie can thence be + concluded. Besids, howsoever for y<sup>e</sup> presente the adventurers + aledg nothing but want of money, which is an invincible difculty, yet if + that be taken away by you, others without doubte will be found. For the + beter clearing of this, we must dispose y<sup>e</sup> adventurers into + 3. parts; and of them some 5. or 6. (as I conceive) are absolutly bent + for us, above any others. Other 5. or 6. are our bitter professed + adversaries. The rest, being the body, I conceive to be honestly minded, + & loveingly also towards us; yet such as have others (namly y<sup>e</sup> + forward preachers) nerer unto them, then us, and whose course so farr as + ther is any differance, they would rather advance then ours. Now what a + hanck these men have over y<sup>e</sup> professors, you know. And I + perswade my selfe, that for me, they of all others are unwilling I + should be transported, espetially such of them as have an eye that way + them selves; as thinking if I come ther, ther market will be mard in + many regards. And for these adversaries, if they have but halfe y<sup>e</sup> + witte to their malice, they will stope my course when they see it + intended, for which this delaying serveth them very opportunly. And as + one restie jade can hinder, by hanging back, more then two or 3. can (or + will at least, if they be not very free) draw forward, <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span>so will + it be in this case. A notable<a name="FNanchor_BP_68" id="FNanchor_BP_68"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BP_68" class="fnanchor">[BP]</a> experimente of this, + they gave in your messengers presence, constraining y<sup>e</sup> + company to promise that none of the money now gathered should be + expended or imployed to y<sup>e</sup> help of any of us towards you. Now + touching y<sup>e</sup> question propounded by you, I judg it not lawfull + for you, being a ruling Elder, as Rom. 12. 7. 8. & 1. Tim. 5. 17. + opposed to the Elders that teach & exhorte and labore in y<sup>e</sup> + word and doctrine, to which y<sup>e</sup> sacrements are an̅exed, + to administer them, nor convenient if it were lawfull. Whether any + larned man will come unto you or not, I know not; if any doe, you must + <i>Consiliū capere in arena</i>. Be you most hartily saluted, & + you<sup>r</sup> wife with you, both from me & mine. Your God & + ours, and y<sup>e</sup> God of all his, bring us together if it be his + will, and keep us in the mean while, and allways to his glory, and make + us servisable to his majestic, and faithfull to the end. Amen. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="left"> + Your very loving brother, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Robinson.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Leyden, Des: 20. 1623. + </div> + </div> + <p> + These things premised, I shall now prosecute y<sup>e</sup> procedings and + afairs here. And before I come to other things I must speak a word of + their planting this year; they having found y<sup>e</sup> benifite of + their last years harvest, and setting corne for their particuler, having + therby with a great deale of patience overcome hunger & famine. Which + maks me remember a saing of Senecas, <i>Epis: 123</i>. <i>That a great + parte of libertie is a well governed belly, and to be patiente in all + wants.</i> They begane now highly to prise corne as <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span>more pretious then silver, + and those that had some to spare begane to trade one with another for + smale things, by y<sup>e</sup> quarte, potle, & peck, &c.; for + money they had none, and if any had, corne was prefered before it. That + they might therfore encrease their tillage to better advantage, they made + suite [116] to the Gov<sup>r</sup> to have some portion of land given them + for continuance, and not by yearly lotte, for by that means, that which y<sup>e</sup> + more industrious had brought into good culture (by much pains) one year, + came to leave it y<sup>e</sup> nexte, and often another might injoye it; + so as the dressing of their lands were the more sleighted over, & to + lese profite. Which being well considered, their request was granted. And + to every person was given only one acrre of land, to them & theirs, as + nere y<sup>e</sup> towne as might be, and they had no more till y<sup>e</sup> + 7. years were expired. The reason was, that they might be kept close + together both for more saftie and defence, and y<sup>e</sup> better + improvement of y<sup>e</sup> generall imployments. Which condition of + theirs did make me often thinke, of what I had read in Plinie<a + name="FNanchor_BQ_69" id="FNanchor_BQ_69"></a><a href="#Footnote_BQ_69" + class="fnanchor">[BQ]</a> of y<sup>e</sup> Romans first beginings in + Romulus time. <i>How every man contented him selfe with 2. Acres of land, + and had no more assigned them. And chap. 3. It was thought a great reward, + to receive at y<sup>e</sup> hands of y<sup>e</sup> people of Rome a pinte + of corne. And long after, the greatest presente given to a Captaine y<sup>t</sup> + had gotte a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span>victory + over their enemise, was as much ground as they could till in one day. And + he was not counted a good, but a dangerous man, that would not contente + him selfe with 7. Acres of land. As also how they did pound their corne in + morters</i>, as these people were forcte to doe many years before they + could get a mille. + </p> + <p> + The ship which brought this supply, was speedily discharged, and with her + m<sup>r</sup> & company sente to Cap-Anne (of which place they had + gott a patente, as before is shewed) on fishing, and because the season + was so farr spente some of y<sup>e</sup> planters were sent to help to + build their stage, to their owne hinderance. But partly by y<sup>e</sup> + latenes of y<sup>e</sup> year, and more espetialy by y<sup>e</sup> basnes + of y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>, one Baker, they made a poore viage of it. + He proved a very drunken beast, and did nothing (in a maner) but drink, + & gusle, and consume away y<sup>e</sup> time & his victails; and + most of his company followed his example; and though M<sup>r</sup>. + William Peirce was to over see the busines, & to be m<sup>r</sup>. of + y<sup>e</sup> ship home, yet he could doe no good amongst them, so as y<sup>e</sup> + loss was great, and would have bene more to them, but that they kept one a + trading ther, which in those times got some store of skins, which was some + help unto them. + </p> + <p> + The ship-carpenter that was sent them, was an honest and very industrious + man, and followed his labour very dilligently, and made all that were + imployed <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span>with + him doe y<sup>e</sup> like; he quickly builte them 2. very good & + strong shalops (which after did them greate service), and a great and + strong lighter, and had hewne timber for 2. catches; but that was lost, + for he fell into a feaver in y<sup>e</sup> hote season of the year, and + though he had the best means y<sup>e</sup> place could aforde, yet he + dyed; of whom they had a very [117] great loss, and were very sorie for + his death. But he whom they sent to make salte was an ignorante, foolish, + self-willd fellow; he bore them in hand he could doe great matters in + making salt-works, so he was sente to seeke out fitte ground for his + purpose; and after some serch he tould y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> that + he had found a sufficente place, with a good botome to hold water, and + otherwise very conveniente, which he doubted not but in a short time to + bring to good perfection, and to yeeld them great profite; but he must + have 8. or ten men to be constantly imployed. He was wisht to be sure that + y<sup>e</sup> ground was good, and other things answerable, and y<sup>t</sup> + he could bring it to perfection; otherwise he would bring upon them a + great charge by imploying him selfe and so many men. But he was, after + some triall, so confidente, as he caused them to send carpenters to rear a + great frame for a large house, to receive y<sup>e</sup> salte & such + other uses. But in y<sup>e</sup> end all proved vaine. Then he layed fault + of y<sup>e</sup> ground, in which he was deceived; but if he might have + the lighter to cary clay, he was sure then he could doe it. Now though + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> & some other foresaw that this would come to litle, + yet they had so many malignant spirits amongst them, that would have laid + it upon them, in their letters of complainte to the adventurers, as to be + their falte y<sup>t</sup> would not suffer him to goe on to bring his work + to perfection; for as he by his bould confidence & large promises + deceived them in England that sente him, so he had wound him selfe in to + these mens high esteeme hear, so as they were faine to let him goe on till + all men saw his vanity. For he could not doe any thing but boyle salt in + pans, & yet would make them y<sup>t</sup> were joynd with him beleeve + ther was so grat a misterie in it as was not easie to be attained, and + made them doe many unnecessary things to blind their eys, till they + discerned his sutltie. The next yere he was sente to Cap-Anne, and y<sup>e</sup> + pans were set up ther wher the fishing was; but before som̅er was + out, he bur̅te the house, and the fire was so vehemente as it spoyld + the pans, at least some of them, and this was the end of that chargable + bussines. + </p> + <p> + The 3<sup>d</sup>. eminente person (which y<sup>e</sup> letters before + mention) was y<sup>e</sup> minister which they sent over, by name M<sup>r</sup>. + John Lyford, of whom & whose doing I must be more large, though I + shall abridg things as much as I can. When this man first came a shore, he + saluted them with that reverence & humilitie as is seldome to be seen, + and indeed made them ashamed, he so bowed and cringed unto them, and would + have kissed their <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span>hands + if they would have [118] suffered him;<a name="FNanchor_BR_70" + id="FNanchor_BR_70"></a><a href="#Footnote_BR_70" class="fnanchor">[BR]</a> + yea, he wept & shed many tears, blessing God that had brought him to + see their faces; and admiring y<sup>e</sup> things they had done in their + wants, &c. as if he had been made all of love, and y<sup>e</sup> + humblest person in the world. And all the while (if we may judg by his + after cariags) he was but like him mentioned in Psa: 10. 10. That + croucheth & boweth, that heaps of poore may fall by his might. Or like + to that dissembling Ishmaell,<a name="FNanchor_BS_71" id="FNanchor_BS_71"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BS_71" class="fnanchor">[BS]</a> who, when he had slaine + Gedelia, went out weeping and mette them y<sup>t</sup> were coming to + offer incence in y<sup>e</sup> house of y<sup>e</sup> Lord; saing, Come to + Gedelia, when he ment to slay them. They gave him y<sup>e</sup> best + entertainment y<sup>ey</sup> could, (in all simplisitie,) and a larger + alowans of food out of y<sup>e</sup> store then any other had, and as the + Gov<sup>r</sup> had used in all waightie affairs to consulte with their + Elder, M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, (togeither with his assistants,) so now he + caled M<sup>r</sup>. Liford also to counsell with them in their waightiest + bussineses. Ater some short time he desired to joyne himselfe a member to + y<sup>e</sup> church hear, and was accordingly received. He made a large + confession of his faith, and an acknowledgemente of his former disorderly + walking, and his being intangled with many corruptions, which had been a + burthen to his conscience, and blessed God for this opportunitie of + freedom & libertie to injoye y<sup>e</sup> ordinances of God in + puritie among his people, with many <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span>more such like expressions. + I must hear speake a word also of M<sup>r</sup>. John Oldom, who was a + copartner with him in his after courses. He had bene a cheefe sticler in y<sup>e</sup> + former faction among y<sup>e</sup> perticulers, and an intelligencer to + those in England. But now, since the coming of this ship and he saw the + supply that came, he tooke occasion to open his minde to some of y<sup>e</sup> + cheefe amongst them heere, and confessed he had done them wrong both by + word & deed, & writing into England; but he now saw the eminente + hand of God to be with them, and his blesing upon them, which made his + hart smite him, neither should those in England ever use him as an + instrumente any longer against them in any thing; he also desired former + things might be forgotten, and that they would looke upon him as one that + desired to close with them in all things, with such like expressions. Now + whether this was in hipocrisie, or out of some sudden pange of conviction + (which I rather thinke), God only knows. Upon it they shew all readynes to + imbrace his love, and carry towards him in all frendlynes, and called him + to counsell with them in all cheefe affairs, as y<sup>e</sup> other, + without any distrust at all. + </p> + <p> + Thus all things seemed to goe very comfortably and smothly on amongst + them, at which they did much rejoyce; but this lasted not [119] long, for + both Oldom and he grew very perverse, and shewed a spirite of great + malignancie, drawing as many into faction as <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span>they could; were they never + so vile or profane, they did nourish & back them in all their doings; + so they would but cleave to them and speak against y<sup>e</sup> church + hear; so as ther was nothing but private meetings and whisperings amongst + them; they feeding themselves & others with what they should bring to + pass in England by the faction of their freinds their, which brought + others as well as them selves into a fools paradise. Yet they could not + cary so closly but much of both their doings & sayings were + discovered, yet outwardly they still set a faire face of things. + </p> + <p> + At lenght when y<sup>e</sup> ship was ready to goe, it was observed Liford + was long in writing, & sente many letters, and could not forbear to + comunicate to his intimats such things as made them laugh in their + sleeves, and thought he had done ther errand sufficiently. The Gov<sup>r</sup> + and some other of his freinds knowing how things stood in England, and + what hurt these things might doe, tooke a shalop and wente out with the + ship a league or 2. to sea, and caled for all Lifords & Oldums + letters. Mr. William Peirce being m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> ship, + (and knew well their evill dealing both in England & here,) afforded + him all y<sup>e</sup> assistance he could. He found above 20. of Lyfords + letters, many of them larg, and full of slanders, & false accusations, + tending not only to their prejudice, but to their ruine & utter + subversion. Most of the letters they let pas, only tooke copys of them, + but some of y<sup>e</sup> most materiall <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span>they sent true copyes of + them, and kept y<sup>e</sup> originalls, least he should deney them, and + that they might produce his owne hand against him. Amongst his letters + they found y<sup>e</sup> coppyes of tow letters which he sent inclosed in + a leter of his to M<sup>r</sup>. John Pemberton, a minster, and a great + opposite of theirs. These 2. letters of which he tooke the coppyes were + one of them write by a gentle-man in England to M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster + here, the other by M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow to M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson, in + Holand, at his coming away, as y<sup>e</sup> ship lay at Gravsend. They + lying sealed in y<sup>e</sup> great cabin, (whilst M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow + was bussie aboute the affairs of y<sup>e</sup> ship,) this slye marchante + taks & opens them, taks these coppys, & seals them up againe; and + not only sends the coppyes of them thus to his friend and their + adversarie, but adds thertoo in y<sup>e</sup> margente many scurrilous and + flouting an̅otations. This ship went out <i>towards ev̅ing</i>, + and <i>in the night</i> y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> retur̅ed. They + were somwaht blanke at it, but after some weeks, when they heard nothing, + they then were as briske as ever, thinking nothing had been knowne, but + all was gone currente, and that the Gov<sup>r</sup> went but to dispatch + his owne letters. The reason why the Gov<sup>r</sup> & rest concealed + these things the longer, was to let things ripen, that they [120] might y<sup>e</sup> + better discover their intents and see who were their adherents. And y<sup>e</sup> + rather because amongst y<sup>e</sup> rest they found a letter of one of + their confederats, in w<sup>ch</sup> was writen that M<sup>r</sup>. Oldame + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span>& + M<sup>r</sup>. Lyford intended a reformation in church and commone wealth; + and, as soone as the ship was gone, they intended to joyne togeather, and + have the sacrements, &c. + </p> + <p> + For Oldame, few of his leters were found, (for he was so bad a scribe as + his hand was scarce legible,) yet he was as deepe in y<sup>e</sup> + mischeefe as the other. And thinking they were now strong enough, they + begane to pick quarells at every thing. Oldame being called to watch + (according to order) refused to come, fell out with y<sup>e</sup> Capten, + caled him raskell, and beggerly raskell, and resisted him, drew his knife + at him; though he offered him no wrong, nor gave him no ille termes, but + with all fairnes required him to doe his duty. The Gov<sup>r</sup>, + hearing y<sup>e</sup> tumulte, sent to quiet it, but he ramped more like a + furious beast then a man, and cald them all treatours, and rebells, and + other such foule language as I am ashamed to remember; but after he was + clapt up a while, he came to him selfe, and with some slight punishmente + was let goe upon his behaviour for further censure. + </p> + <p> + But to cutt things shorte, at length it grew to this esseue, that Lyford + with his complicies, without ever speaking one word either to y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup>, Church, or Elder, withdrewe them selves & set up a + publick meeting aparte, on y<sup>e</sup> Lord's day; with sundry such + insolente cariages, too long here to relate, begining now publikly to acte + what privatly they had been long plotting. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + It was now thought high time (to prevent further mischeefe) to calle them + to accounte; so y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> called a courte and sum̅oned + the whol company to appeare. And then charged Lyford & Oldom with such + things as they were guilty of. But they were stiffe, & stood resolutly + upon y<sup>e</sup> deneyall of most things, and required proofe. They + first alledged what was write to them out of England, compared with their + doings & pactises hear; that it was evident they joyned in plotting + against them, and disturbing their peace, both in respecte of their civill + & church state, which was most injurious; for both they and all y<sup>e</sup> + world knew they came hither to injoye y<sup>e</sup> libertie of their + conscience and y<sup>e</sup> free use of Gods ordinances; and for y<sup>t</sup> + end had ventured their lives and passed throwgh so much hardshipe + hithertoo, and they and their freinds had borne the charg of these + beginings, which was not small. And that Lyford for his parte was sent + over on this charge, and that both he and his great family was maintained + on y<sup>e</sup> same, and also was joyned to y<sup>e</sup> church, & + a member of them; and for him to plote against them & seek their + ruine, was most unjust & perfidious. And for [121] Oldam or any other + that came over at their owne charge, and were on ther perticuler, seeing + they were received in curtesie by the plantation, when they came only to + seeke shelter & protection under their wings, not being able to stand + alone, that they, (according to y<sup>e</sup> fable,) <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span>like the Hedghogg whom y<sup>e</sup> + conny in a stormy day in pittie received into her borrow, would not be + content to take part with her, but in the end with her sharp pricks forst + the poore conny to forsake her owne borrow; so these men with the like + injustice indevored to doe y<sup>e</sup> same to thos that entertained + them. + </p> + <p> + Lyford denyed that he had any thing to doe with them in England, or knew + of their courses, and made other things as strange that he was charged + with. Then his letters were prodused & some of them read, at which he + was struck mute. But Oldam begane to rage furiously, because they had + intercepted and opened his letters, threatening them in very high + language, and in a most audacious and mutinous maner stood up & caled + upon y<sup>e</sup> people, saying, My maisters, wher is your harts? now + shew your courage, you have oft complained to me so & so; now is y<sup>e</sup> + time, if you will doe any thing, I will stand by you, &c. Thinking y<sup>t</sup> + every one (knowing his humor) that had soothed and flattered him, or other + wise in their discontente uttered any thing unto him, would now side w<sup>th</sup> + him in open rebellion. But he was deceived, for not a man opened his + mouth, but all were silent, being strucken with the injustice of y<sup>e</sup> + thing. Then y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> turned his speech to M<sup>r</sup>. + Lyford, and asked him if he thought they had done evill to open his + letters; but he was silente, & would not say a word, well knowing what + they might reply. Then y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> shewed the people he + did it as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span>a + magistrate, and was bound to it by his place, to prevent y<sup>e</sup> + mischeefe & ruine that this conspiracie and plots of theirs would + bring on this poor colony. But he, besids his evill dealing hear, had + delte trecherusly with his freinds y<sup>t</sup> trusted him, & stole + their letters & opened them, and sent coppies of them, with + disgracefull an̅otations, to his freinds in England. And then y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> produced them and his other letters under his owne hand, + (which he could not deney,) and caused them to be read before all y<sup>e</sup> + people; at which all his freinds were blanke, and had not a word to say. + </p> + <p> + It would be too long & tedious here to inserte his letters (which + would almost fill a volume), though I have them by me. I shall only note a + few of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe things collected out of them, with y<sup>e</sup> + answers to them as they were then given; and but a few of those many, only + for instance, by which the rest may be judged of. + </p> + <p> + [121<a name="FNanchor_BT_72" id="FNanchor_BT_72"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BT_72" class="fnanchor">[BT]</a>] 1. First, he saith, the + church would have none to live hear but them selves. 2<sup>ly</sup>. + Neither are any willing so to doe if they had company to live elswher. + </p> + <p> + Ans: Their answer was, that this was false, in both y<sup>e</sup> parts of + it; for they were willing & desirous y<sup>t</sup> any honest men may + live with them, that will cary them selves peacably, and seek y<sup>e</sup> + com̅one good, or at least doe them no hurte. And againe, ther are + many that <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span>will + not live els wher so long as they may live with them. + </p> + <p> + 2. That if ther come over any honest men that are not of y<sup>e</sup> + seperation, they will quickly distast them, &c. + </p> + <p> + A. Ther answer was as before, that it was a false callumniation, for they + had many amongst them that they liked well of, and were glad of their + company; and should be of any such like that should come amongst them. + </p> + <p> + 3. That they excepted against him for these 2. doctrins raised from 2. + Sam: 12. 7. First, that ministers must sume times perticulerly apply their + doctrine to spetiall persons; 2<sup>ly</sup>, that great men may be + reproved as well as meaner. + </p> + <p> + A. Their answer was, that both these were without either truth or colour + of y<sup>e</sup> same (as was proved to his face), and that they had + taught and beleeved these things long before they knew M<sup>r</sup>. + Liford. + </p> + <p> + 4. That they utterly sought y<sup>e</sup> ruine of y<sup>e</sup> + perticulers; as appeareth by this, that they would not suffer any of y<sup>e</sup> + generall either to buy or sell with them, or to exchaing one com̅oditie + for another. + </p> + <p> + Ans: This was a most malicious slander and voyd of all truth, as was + evidently proved to him before all men; for any of them did both buy, + sell, or exchaing with them as often as they had any occation. Yea, and + allso both lend & give to them when they wanted; and this the + perticuler persons them selves could not <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span>deney, but freely confest in + open court. But y<sup>e</sup> ground from whence this arose made it much + worse, for he was in counsell with them. When one was called before them, + and questioned for receiving powder and bisket from y<sup>e</sup> gun̅er + of the small ship, which was y<sup>e</sup> companys, and had it put in at + his window in the night, and allso for buying salt of one, that had no + right to it, he not only stood to back him (being one of these + perticulers) by excusing & extenuating his falte, as long as he could, + but upon this builds this mischec̅ous & most false slander: That + because they would not suffer them to buy stolne goods, ergo, they sought + their utter ruine. Bad logick for a devine. + </p> + <p> + 5. Next he writs, that he chocked them with this; that they turned [122] + men into their perticuler, and then sought to starve them, and deprive + them of all means of subsistance. + </p> + <p> + A. To this was answered, he did them manifest wrong, for they turned none + into their perticuler; it was their owne importunitie and ernest desire + that moved them, yea, constrained them to doe it. And they apealed to y<sup>e</sup> + persons them selves for y<sup>e</sup> truth hereof. And they testified the + same against him before all present, as allso that they had no cause to + complaine of any either hard or unkind usage. + </p> + <p> + 6. He accuseth them with unjust distribution, and writeth, that it was a + strang difference, that some have bene alowed 16<sup>li</sup>. of meale by + y<sup>e</sup> weeke, and others <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" + id="Page_215">[215]</a></span>but 4<sup>li</sup>. And then (floutingly) + saith, it seems some mens mouths and bellies are very litle & slender + over others. + </p> + <p> + Ans: This might seeme strange indeed to those to whom he write his leters + in England, which knew not y<sup>e</sup> reason of it; but to him and + others hear, it could not be strange, who knew how things stood. For the + first com̅ers had none at all, but lived on their corne. Those w<sup>ch</sup> + <i>came in y<sup>e</sup> Anne, y<sup>e</sup> August before</i>, & were + to live 13. months of the provissions they brought, had as good alowance + in meal & pease as it would extend too, y<sup>e</sup> most part of y<sup>e</sup> + year; but a litle before harvest, when they had not only fish, but other + fruits began to come in, they had but 4<sup>li</sup>. having their + libertie to make their owne provisions. But some of these which came last, + as y<sup>e</sup> ship carpenter, and samiers, the salte-men & others + that were to follow constante imployments, and had not an howers time, + from their hard labours, to looke for any thing above their alowance; they + had at first, 16<sup>li</sup>. alowed them, and afterwards as fish, & + other food coued be gott, they had as balemente, to 14. &. 12. yea + some of them to 8. as the times & occasions did vary. And yet those + which followed planting and their owne occasions, and had but 4<sup>li</sup>. + of meall a week, lived better then y<sup>e</sup> other, as was well knowne + to all. And yet it must be remembered that Lyford & his had allwais + the highest alowance. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + Many other things (in his letters) he accused them of, with many + aggravations; as that he saw exseeding great wast of tools & vesseles; + & this, when it came to be examened, all y<sup>e</sup> instance he + could give was, that he had seen an old hogshed or too fallen to peeces, + and a broken how or tow lefte carlesly in y<sup>e</sup> feilds by some. + Though he also knew that a godly, honest man was appointed to looke to + these things. But these things & such like was write of by him, to + cast disgrace & prejudice upon them; as thinking what came from a + [123] minister would pass for currente. Then he tells them that Winslow + should say, that ther was not above 7. of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers y<sup>t</sup> + souight y<sup>e</sup> good of y<sup>e</sup> collony. That M<sup>r</sup>. + Oldam & him selfe had had much to doe with them, and that y<sup>e</sup> + faction here might match y<sup>e</sup> Jesuits for politie. With many y<sup>e</sup> + like greevious complaints & accusations. + </p> + <p> + 1. Then, in the next place, he comes to give his freinds counsell and + directtion. And first, that y<sup>e</sup> Leyden company (M<sup>r</sup>. + Robinson & y<sup>e</sup> rest) must still be kepte back, or els all + will be spoyled. And least any of them should be taken in privatly + somewher on y<sup>e</sup> coast of England, (as it was feared might be + done,) they must chaing the m<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> ship (M<sup>r</sup>. + William Peirce), and put another allso in Winslows stead, for marchante, + or els it would not be prevented. + </p> + <p> + 2. Then he would have such a number provided as might oversway them hear. + And that y<sup>e</sup> perticulers <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" + id="Page_217">[217]</a></span>should have voyces in all courts & + elections, and be free to bear any office. And that every perticuler + should come over as an adventurer, if he be but a servante; some other + venturing 10<sup>li</sup>., y<sup>e</sup> bill may be taken out in y<sup>e</sup> + servants name, and then assigned to y<sup>e</sup> party whose money it + was, and good covenants drawn betweene them for y<sup>e</sup> clearing of + y<sup>e</sup> matter; and this (saith he) would be a means to strengthen + this side y<sup>e</sup> more. + </p> + <p> + 3. Then he tells them that if that Capten they spoake of should come over + hither as a generall, he was perswaded he would be chosen Capten; for this + Captaine Standish looks like a silly boy, and is in utter contempte. + </p> + <p> + 4. Then he shows that if by y<sup>e</sup> forementioned means they cannot + be strengthened to cary & overbear things, it will be best for them to + plant els wher by them selves; and would have it artickled by them that + they might make choyse of any place that they liked best within 3. or 4. + myls distance, shewing ther were farr better places for plantation then + this. + </p> + <p> + 5. And lastly he concluds, that if some number came not over to bear them + up here, then ther would be no abiding for them, but by joyning with these + hear. Then he adds: Since I begane to write, ther are letters come from + your company, wherin they would give sole authoritie in diverce things + unto the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span>Gov<sup>r</sup> + here; which, if it take place, then, <i>Ve nobis</i>. But I hope you will + be more vigilante hereafter, that nothing may pass in such a man̅er. + I suppose (saith he) M<sup>r</sup>. Oldame will write to you further of + these things. I pray you conceall me in the discovery of these things, + &c. + </p> + <p> + Thus I have breefly touched some cheefe things in his leters, and shall + now returne to their procceeding with him. After the reading of his leters + before the whole company, he was demanded what he could say to these + things. [124] But all y<sup>e</sup> answer he made was, that Billington + and some others had informed him of many things, and made sundrie + complaints, which they now deneyed. He was againe asked if that was a + sufficiente ground for him thus to accuse & traduse them by his + letters, and never say word to them, considering the many bonds betweene + them. And so they went on from poynte to poynte; and wisht him, or any of + his freinds & confederats, not to spare them in any thing; if he or + they had any proofe or witnes of any corrupte or evill dealing of theirs, + his or their evidence must needs be ther presente, for ther was the whole + company and sundery strangers. He said he had been abused by others in + their informations, (as he now well saw,) and so had abused them. And this + was all the answer they could have, for none would take his parte in any + thing; but Billington, & any whom he named, deneyed the things, and + protested he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span>wronged + them, and would have drawne them to such & such things which they + could not consente too, though they were sometimes drawne to his meetings. + Then they delte with him aboute his dissembling with them aboute y<sup>e</sup> + church, and that he professed to concur with them in all things, and what + a large confession he made at his admittance, and that he held not him + selfe a minister till he had a new calling, &c. And yet now he + contested against them, and drew a company aparte, & sequestred him + selfe; and would goe minister the sacrements (by his Episcopall caling) + without ever speaking a word unto them, either as magistrats or bretheren. + In conclusion, he was fully convicted, and burst out into tears, and + "confest he feared he was a reprobate, his sinns were so great that he + doubted God would not pardon them, he was unsavorie salte, &c.; and + that he had so wronged them as he could never make them amends, confessing + all he had write against them was false & nought, both for matter + & man̅er." And all this he did with as much fullnes as words + & tears could express. + </p> + <p> + After their triall & conviction, the court censured them to be expeld + the place; Oldame presently, though his wife & family had liberty to + stay all winter, or longer, till he could make provission to remove them + comfortably. Lyford had liberty to stay 6. months. It was, indeede, with + some eye to his release, if he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_220" + id="Page_220">[220]</a></span>caried him selfe well in the meane time, and + that his repentance proved sound. Lyford acknowledged his censure was farr + less then he deserved. + </p> + <p> + Afterwards, he confest his sin publikly in y<sup>e</sup> church, with + tears more largly then before. I shall here put it downe as I find it + recorded by some who tooke it from his owne words, as him selfe utered + them. Acknowledging [125] "That he had don very evill, and slanderously + abused them; and thinking most of y<sup>e</sup> people would take parte + with him, he thought to cary all by violence and strong hand against them. + And that God might justly lay in̅ocente blood to his charge, for he + knew not what hurt might have come of these his writings, and blest God + they were stayed. And that he spared not to take knowledg from any, of any + evill that was spoaken, but shut his eyes & ears against all the good; + and if God should make him a vacabund in y<sup>e</sup> earth, as was + Caine, it was but just, for he had sined in envie & malice against his + brethren as he did. And he confessed 3. things to be y<sup>e</sup> ground + & causes of these his doings: pride, vaine-glorie, & selfe love." + Amplifying these heads with many other sade expressions, in the + perticulers of them. + </p> + <p> + So as they begane againe to conceive good thoughts of him upon this his + repentance, and admited him to teach amongst them as before; and Samuell + Fuller (a deacon amongst them), and some other tender harted <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span>men + amongst them, were so taken with his signes of sorrow & repentance, as + they professed they would fall upon their knees to have his censure + released. + </p> + <p> + But that which made them all stand amased in the end, and may doe all + others that shall come to hear y<sup>e</sup> same, (for a rarer president + can scarse be showne,) was, that after a month or 2. notwithstand all his + former conffessions, convictions, and publick acknowledgments, both in y<sup>e</sup> + face of y<sup>e</sup> church and whole company, with so many tears & + sadde censures of him selfe before God & men, he should goe againe to + justifie what he had done. + </p> + <p> + For secretly he write a 2<sup>d</sup>. leter to y<sup>e</sup> adventurers + in England, in w<sup>ch</sup> he justified all his former writings, (save + in some things which tended to their damage,) the which, because it is + brefer then y<sup>e</sup> former, I shall here inserte. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Worthy S<sup>rs</sup>: Though the filth of mine owne doings may justly + be cast in my face, and with blushing cause my perpetuall silence, yet + that y<sup>e</sup> truth may not herby be injuried, your selves any + longer deluded, nor injurious<a name="FNanchor_BU_73" id="FNanchor_BU_73"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BU_73" class="fnanchor">[BU]</a> dealing caried out + still, with bould out facings, I have adventured once more to write unto + you. Firest, I doe freely confess I delte very indiscreetly in some of + my perticuler leters w<sup>ch</sup> I wrote to private freinds, for y<sup>e</sup> + courses in coming hither & the like; which I doe in no sorte seeke + to justifie, though stired up ther unto in the beholding y<sup>e</sup> + indirecte courses held by <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_222" + id="Page_222">[222]</a></span>others, both hear, & ther with you, + for effecting their designes. But am hartily sory for it, and doe to y<sup>e</sup> + glory of God & mine owne shame acknowledg it. Which leters being + intercepted by the Gov<sup>r</sup>, I have for y<sup>e</sup> same + undergone y<sup>e</sup> censure [126] of banishmente. And had it not + been for y<sup>e</sup> respecte I have unto you, and some other matters + of private regard, I had returned againe at this time by y<sup>e</sup> + pinass for England; for hear I purpose not to abide, unless I receive + better incouragmente from you, then from y<sup>e</sup> church (as they + call them selves) here I doe receive. I purposed before I came, to + undergoe hardnes, therfore I shall I hope cherfully bear y<sup>e</sup> + conditions of y<sup>e</sup> place, though very mean; and they have + chainged my wages ten times allready. I suppose my letters, or at least + y<sup>e</sup> coppies of them, are come to your hands, for so they hear + reporte; which, if it be so, I pray you take notice of this, that I have + writen nothing but what is certainly true, and I could make so apeare + planly to any indifferente men, whatsoever colours be cast to darken y<sup>e</sup> + truth, and some ther are very audatious this way; besids many other + matters which are farre out of order hear. My mind was not to enlarge my + selfe any further, but in respecte of diverse poore souls here, y<sup>e</sup> + care of whom in parte belongs to you, being here destitute of the meās + of salvation. For how so ever y<sup>e</sup> church are provided for, to + their contente, who are y<sup>e</sup> smalest number in y<sup>e</sup> + collony, and doe so appropriate y<sup>e</sup> ministrie to them selves, + houlding this principle, that y<sup>e</sup> Lord hath not appointed any + ordinary ministrie for y<sup>e</sup> conversion of those y<sup>t</sup> + are without, so y<sup>t</sup> some of y<sup>e</sup> poor souls have w<sup>th</sup> + tears complained of this to me, and I was taxed for preaching to all in + generall. Though in truth they have had no ministrie here since they + came, but such as may be performed by any of you, by their owne + possition, what soever great pretences they make; but herin they + equivocate, as in many other things they doe. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span>But I exceede y<sup>e</sup> + bounds I set my selfe, therfore resting thus, untill I hear further from + you, so it be within y<sup>e</sup> time limited me. I rest, &c., + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Remaining yours ever, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Lyford</span>, Exille. + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Dated Aug: 22. An<sup>o</sup>: 1624. + </div> + </div> + <p> + They made a breefe answer to some things in this leter, but referred + cheefly to their former. The effecte was to this purpose: That if God in + his providence had not brought these things to their hands (both y<sup>e</sup> + former & later), they might have been thus abused, tradused, and + calumniated, overthrowne, & undone; and never have knowne by whom, nor + for what. They desired but this equall favoure, that they would be pleased + to hear their just defence, as well as his accusations, and waigh them in + y<sup>e</sup> balance of justice & reason, and then censure as they + pleased. They had write breefly to y<sup>e</sup> heads of things before, + and should be ready to give further [127] answer as any occasion should + require; craving leave to adde a word or tow to this last. + </p> + <p> + 1. And first, they desire to examene what filth that was y<sup>t</sup> he + acknowledgeth might justly be throwne in his face, and might cause + blushing & perpetuall silence; some great mater sure! But if it be + looked into, it amounts to no more then a poynte of indiscretion, and + thats all; and yet he licks of y<sup>t</sup> too with this excuse, that he + was stired up therunto by beholding <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> indirecte + course here. But this point never troubled him here, it was counted a + light matter both by him & his freinds, and put of with this,—that + any man might doe so, to advise his private freinds to come over for their + best advantage. All his sorrow & tears here was for y<sup>e</sup> + wrong & hurt he had done us, and not at all for this he pretends to be + done to you: it was not counted so much as indiscretion. + </p> + <p> + 2. Having thus payed you full satisfaction, he thinks he may lay load of + us here. And first complains that we have changed his wages ten times. We + never agreed with him for any wages, nor made any bargen at all with him, + neither know of any that you have made. You sent him over to teach amongst + us, and desired he might be kindly used; and more then this we know not. + That he hath beene kindly used, (and farr beter then he deserves from us,) + he shall be judged first of his owne mouth. If you please to looke upon + that writing of his, that was sent you amongst his leters, which he cals a + generall relation, in which, though he doth otherwise traduse us, yet in + this he him selfe clears us. In y<sup>e</sup> latter end therof he hath + these words. <i>I speak not this</i> (saith he) <i>out of any ill + affection to the men, for I have found them very kind & loving to me.</i> + You may ther see these to be his owne words under his owne hand. 2<sup>ly</sup>. + It will appere by this that he hath ever had a larger alowance of food + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span>out + of y<sup>e</sup> store for him and his then any, and clothing as his neede + hath required; a dwelling in one of our best houses, and a man wholy at + his owne com̅and to tend his private affairs. What cause he hath + therfore to complaine, judge ye; and what he means in his speech we know + not, except he aluds to y<sup>t</sup> of Jaacob & Laban. If you have + promised him more or other wise, you may doe it when you please. + </p> + <p> + 3. Then with an impudente face he would have you take notice, that (in his + leters) he hath write nothing but what is certainly true, yea, and he + could make it so appeare plainly to any indifferente men. This indeed doth + astonish us and causeth us to tremble at y<sup>e</sup> deceitfullnes [128] + and desperate wickednes of mans harte. This is to devoure holy things, and + after voues to enquire. It is admirable that after such publick + confession, and acknowledgmente in court, in church, before God, & + men, with such sadd expressions as he used, and with such melting into + teares, that after all this he shoud now justifie all againe. If things + had bene done in a corner, it had been some thinge to deney them; but + being done in y<sup>e</sup> open view of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie & + before all men, it is more then strange now to avow to make them plainly + appear to any indifferente men; and here wher things were done, and all y<sup>e</sup> + evidence that could be were presente, and yet could make nothing appear, + but even <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span>his + freinds condemnd him & gave their voyce to his censure, so grose were + they; we leave your selves to judge herein. Yet least this man should + triumph in his wikednes, we shall be ready to answer him, when, or wher + you will, to any thing he shall lay to our charg, though we have done it + sufficiently allready. + </p> + <p> + 4. Then he saith he would not inlarge, but for some poore souls here who + are destiute of y<sup>e</sup> means of salvation, &c. But all his + soothing is but that you would use means, that his censure might be + released that he might here continue; and under you (at least) be + sheltered, till he sees what his freinds (on whom he depends) can bring + about & effecte. For such men pretend much for poor souls, but they + will looke to their wages & conditions; if that be not to their + content, let poor souls doe what they will, they will shift for them + selves, and seek poore souls some wher els among richer bodys. + </p> + <p> + Next he fals upon y<sup>e</sup> church, that indeed is y<sup>e</sup> + burthensome stone that troubls him. First, he saith they hold this + principle, that the Lord hath not apointed any ordinarie ministrie for y<sup>e</sup> + converssion of those without. The church needs not be ashamed of what she + houlds in this, haveing Gods word for her warrente; that ordinarie + officers are bound cheefly to their flocks, Acts 20. 28. and are not to be + extravagants, to goe, come, and leave them at their pleasurs to shift for + them selves, or to be devoured of wolves. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span>But he perverts y<sup>e</sup> + truth in this as in other things, for y<sup>e</sup> Lord hath as well + appoynted them to converte, as to feede in their severall charges; and he + wrongs y<sup>e</sup> church to say other wise. Againe, he saith he was + taxed for preaching to all in generall. This is a meere untruth, for this + dissembler knows that every Lords day some are appointed to visite + suspected places, & if any be found idling and neglecte y<sup>e</sup> + hearing of y<sup>e</sup> word, (through idlnes or profanes,) they are + punished for y<sup>e</sup> same. Now to procure all to come to hear, and + then to blame him for preaching to all, were to play y<sup>e</sup> mad + men. + </p> + <p> + [129] 6. Next (he saith) they have had no ministrie since they came, what + soever pretences they make, &c. We answer, the more is our wrong, that + our pastor is kept from us by these mens means, and then reproach us for + it when they have done. Yet have we not been wholy distitute of y<sup>e</sup> + means of salvation, as this man would make y<sup>e</sup> world beleeve; + for our reve<sup>d</sup> Elder hath laboured diligently in dispencing the + word of God unto us, before he came; and since hath taken equalle pains + with him selfe in preaching the same; and, be it spoaken without + ostentation, he is not inferriour to M<sup>r</sup>. Lyford (& some of + his betters) either in gifts or larning, though he would never be + perswaded to take higher office upon him. Nor ever was more pretended in + this matter. For equivocating, he may take it to <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span>him selfe; what y<sup>e</sup> + church houlds, they have manifested to y<sup>e</sup> world, in all + plaines, both in open confession, doctrine, & writing. + </p> + <p> + This was y<sup>e</sup> sume of ther answer, and hear I will let them rest + for y<sup>e</sup> presente. I have bene longer in these things then I + desired, and yet not so long as the things might require, for I pass many + things in silence, and many more deserve to have been more largly handled. + But I will returne to other things, and leave y<sup>e</sup> rest to its + place. + </p> + <p> + The pinass that was left sunck & cast away near Damarins-cove, as is + before showed, some of y<sup>e</sup> fishing maisters said it was a pity + so fine a vessell should be lost, and sent them word that, if they would + be at y<sup>e</sup> cost, they would both directe them how to waygh her, + and let them have their carpenters to mend her. They thanked them, & + sente men aboute it, and beaver to defray y<sup>e</sup> charge, (without + which all had been in vaine). So they gott coopers to trime, I know not + how many tune of cask, and being made tight and fastened to her at + low-water, they boyed her up; and then with many hands hald her on shore + in a conveniente place wher she might be wrought upon; and then hired + sundrie carpenters to work upon her, and other to saw planks, and at last + fitted her & got her home. But she cost a great deale of money, in + thus recovering her, and buying riging & seails for her, both now + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span>and + when before she lost her mast; so as she proved a chargable vessell to y<sup>e</sup> + poor plantation. So they sent her home, and with her Lyford sent his last + letter, in great secrecie; but y<sup>e</sup> party intrusted with it gave + it y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>. + </p> + <p> + The winter was passed over in ther ordinarie affairs, without any spetiall + mater worth noteing; saveing that many who before stood something of from + y<sup>e</sup> church, now seeing Lyfords unrighteous dealing, and + malignitie against y<sup>e</sup> church, now tendered them selves to y<sup>e</sup> + church, and were joyned to y<sup>e</sup> same; proffessing that it was not + out of y<sup>e</sup> dislike of any thing that they had stood of so long, + but a desire to fitte them selves beter for such a state, and they saw now + y<sup>e</sup> Lord cald for their help. [130] And so these troubls + prodused a quite contrary effecte in sundrie hear, then these adversaries + hoped for. Which was looked at as a great worke of God, to draw on men by + unlickly means; and that in reason which might rather have set them + further of. And thus I shall end this year. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1625" id="a1625"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1625.</i> + </p> + <p> + At y<sup>e</sup> spring of y<sup>e</sup> year, about y<sup>e</sup> time of + their Election Court, Oldam came againe amongst them; and though it was a + part of his censure for his former mutinye and miscariage, not to returne + without leave first obtained, yet in his dareing spirite, he presumed + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span>without + any leave at all, being also set on & hardened by y<sup>e</sup> ill + counsell of others. And not only so, but suffered his unruly passion to + rune beyond y<sup>e</sup> limits of all reason and modestie; in so much + that some strangers which came with him were ashamed of his outrage, and + rebuked him; but all reprofes were but as oyle to y<sup>e</sup> fire, and + made y<sup>e</sup> flame of his coller greater. He caled them all to + nought, in this his mad furie, and a hundred rebells and traytors, and I + know not what. But in conclusion they com̅ited him till he was tamer, + and then apointed a gard of musketers w<sup>ch</sup> he was to pass throw, + and ever one was ordered to give him a thump on y<sup>e</sup> brich, with + y<sup>e</sup> but end of his musket, and then was conveied to y<sup>e</sup> + water side, wher a boat was ready to cary him away. Then they bid him goe + & mende his maners. + </p> + <p> + Whilst this was a doing, M<sup>r</sup>. William Peirce and M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow came up from y<sup>e</sup> water side, being come from England; + but they were so busie with Oldam, as they never saw them till they came + thus upon them. They bid them not spare either him or Liford, for they had + played y<sup>e</sup> vilans with them. But that I may hear make an end + with him, I shall hear once for all relate what befell concerning him in y<sup>e</sup> + future, & y<sup>t</sup> breefly. After y<sup>e</sup> removall of his + familie from hence, he fell into some straits, (as some others did,) and + aboute a year or more afterwards, towards winter, he intended a vioage for + Virginia; but it so <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span>pleased + God that y<sup>e</sup> barke that caried him, and many other passengers, + was in that danger, as they dispaired of life; so as many of them, as they + fell to prayer, so also did they begine to examine their consciences [131] + and confess such sins as did most burthen them. And M<sup>r</sup>. Ouldame + did make a free and large confession of y<sup>e</sup> wrongs and hurt he + had done to y<sup>e</sup> people and church here, in many perticulers, + that as he had sought their ruine, so God had now mette with him and might + destroy him; yea, he feared they all fared y<sup>e</sup> worce for his + sake; he prayed God to forgive him, and made vowes that, if y<sup>e</sup> + Lord spard his life, he would become otherwise, and y<sup>e</sup> like. + This I had from some of good credite, yet living in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, and + were them selves partners in the same dangers on y<sup>e</sup> shoulds of + Cap-Codd, and heard it from his owne mouth. It pleased God to spare their + lives, though they lost their viage; and in time after wards, Ouldam + caried him selfe fairly towards them, and acknowledged y<sup>e</sup> hand + of God to be with them, and seemed to have an honourable respecte of them; + and so farr made his peace with them, as he in after time had libertie to + goe and come, and converse with them, at his pleasure. He went after this + to Virginia, and had ther a great sicknes, but recovered and came back + againe to his familie in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, and ther lived till some store + of people came over. At lenght going a trading in a smale vessell <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span>among y<sup>e</sup> + Indians, and being weakly mand, upon some quarell they knockt him on y<sup>e</sup> + head with a hatched, so as he fell downe dead, & never spake word + more. 2. litle boys that were his kinsmen were saved, but had some hurte, + and y<sup>e</sup> vessell was strangly recovered from y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans by another that belonged to y<sup>e</sup> Bay of Massachusets; and + this his death was one ground of the Pequente warr which followed. + </p> + <p> + I am now come to M<sup>r</sup>. Lyford. His time being now expired, his + censure was to take place. He was so farre from answering their hopes by + amendmente in y<sup>e</sup> time, as he had dubled his evill, as is before + noted. But first behold y<sup>e</sup> hand of God conceir̅ing him, + wherin that of y<sup>e</sup> Psalmist is verified. Psa: 7. 15. He hath + made a pitte, & digged it, and is fallen into the pitte he made. He + thought to bring shame and disgrace upon them, but in stead therof opens + his owne to all y<sup>e</sup> world. For when he was delte with all aboute + his second letter, his wife was so affected with his doings, as she could + no longer conceaill her greefe and sorrow of minde, but opens y<sup>e</sup> + same to one of their deacons & some other of her freinds, & after + uttered y<sup>e</sup> same to M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce upon his arrivall. + Which was to this purpose, that she feared some great judgment of God + would fall upon them, and upon her, for her husbands cause; now that they + were to remove, she feared to fall into y<sup>e</sup> Indeans hands, and + to be defiled by them, as he had <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_233" + id="Page_233">[233]</a></span>defiled other women; or some shuch like + [132] judgmente, as God had threatened David, 2. Sam. 12. 11. I will raise + up evill against y<sup>e</sup>, and will take thy wives & give them, + &c. And upon it showed how he had wronged her, as first he had a + bastard by another before they were maried, & she having some inkling + of some ill cariage that way, when he was a suitor to her, she tould him + what she heard, & deneyd him; but she not certainly knowing y<sup>e</sup> + thing, other wise then by some darke & secrete muterings, he not only + stifly denied it, but to satisfie her tooke a solemne oath ther was no + shuch matter. Upon which she gave consente, and maried with him; but + afterwards it was found true, and y<sup>e</sup> bastard brought home to + them. She then charged him with his oath, but he prayed pardon, and said + he should els not have had her. And yet afterwards she could keep no maids + but he would be medling with them, and some time she hath taken him in y<sup>e</sup> + maner, as they lay at their beds feete, with shuch other circumstances as + I am ashamed to relate. The woman being a grave matron, & of good + cariage all y<sup>e</sup> while she was hear, and spoake these things out + of y<sup>e</sup> sorrow of her harte, sparingly, and yet w<sup>th</sup> + some further intimations. And that which did most seeme to affecte her (as + they conceived) was, to see his former cariage in his repentance, not only + hear with y<sup>e</sup> church, but formerly about these things; sheding + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span>tears, + and using great & sade expressions, and yet eftsone fall into the like + things. + </p> + <p> + Another thing of y<sup>e</sup> same nature did strangly concurr herewith. + When M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow & M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce were come over, M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow informed them that they had had y<sup>e</sup> like bickering with + Lyfords freinds in England, as they had with him selfe and his freinds + hear, aboute his letters & accusations in them. And many meetings and + much clamour was made by his freinds theraboute, crying out, a minister, a + man so godly, to be so esteemed & taxed they held a great skandale, + and threated to prosecute law against them for it. But things being + referred to a further meeting of most of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, to + heare y<sup>e</sup> case and decide y<sup>e</sup> matters, they agreed to + chose 2. eminente men for moderators in the bussines. Lyfords faction + chose M<sup>r</sup>. White, a counselor at law, the other parte chose Reṽe<sup>d</sup>. + M<sup>r</sup>. Hooker, the minister, and many freinds on both sids were + brought in, so as ther was a great assemblie. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time, + God in his providence had detected Lyford's evill cariage in Ireland to + some freinds amongst y<sup>e</sup> company, who made it knowne to M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow, and directed him to 2. godly and grave witnesses, who would + testifie y<sup>e</sup> same (if caled therunto) upon their oath. The thing + was this; he being gott into Ireland, had wound him selfe into y<sup>e</sup> + esteeme of sundry godly & zelous professours in those parts, who, + having been burthened with y<sup>e</sup> ceremonies in England, found ther + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span>some + more liberty to their consciences; amongst whom were these 2. men, which + gave [133] this evidence. Amongst y<sup>e</sup> rest of his hearers, ther + was a godly yonge man that intended to marie, and cast his affection on a + maide which lived their aboute; but desiring to chose in y<sup>e</sup> + Lord, and preferred y<sup>e</sup> fear of God before all other things, + before he suffered his affection to rune too farr, he resolved to take M<sup>r</sup>. + Lyfords advise and judgmente of this maide, (being y<sup>e</sup> minister + of y<sup>e</sup> place,) and so broak y<sup>e</sup> matter unto him; & + he promised faithfully to informe him, but would first take better + knowledg of her, and have private conferance with her; and so had sundry + times; and in conclusion com̅ended her highly to y<sup>e</sup> yong + man as a very fitte wife for him. So they were maried togeather; but some + time after mariage the woman was much troubled in mind, and afflicted in + conscience, and did nothing but weepe and mourne, and long it was before + her husband could get of her what was y<sup>e</sup> cause. But at length + she discovered y<sup>e</sup> thing, and prayed him to forgive her, for + Lyford had overcome her, and defiled her body before marriage, after he + had comended him unto her for a husband, and she resolved to have him, + when he came to her in that private way. The circumstances I forbear, for + they would offend chast ears to hear them related, (for though he + satisfied his lust on her, yet he indeaoured to hinder conception.) These + things being thus discovered, y<sup>e</sup> womās husband tooke some + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span>godly + freinds with him, to deale with Liford for this evill. At length he + confest it, with a great deale of seeming sorrow & repentance, but was + forct to leave Irland upon it, partly for shame, and partly for fear of + further punishmente, for y<sup>e</sup> godly withdrew them selves from him + upon it; and so com̅ing into England unhapily he was light upon & + sente hither. + </p> + <p> + But in this great assembly, and before y<sup>e</sup> moderators, in + handling y<sup>e</sup> former matters aboute y<sup>e</sup> letters, upon + provocation, in some heate of replie to some of Lyfords defenders, M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow let fall these words, That he had delte knavishly; upon which on + of his freinds tooke hold, & caled for witneses, that he cald a + minister of y<sup>e</sup> gospell knave, and would prosecute law upon it, + which made a great tumulte, upon which (to be shorte) this matter broke + out, and the witnes were prodused, whose persons were so grave, and + evidence so plaine, and y<sup>e</sup> facte so foule, yet delivered in + such modest & chast terms, and with such circumstances, as strucke all + his freinds mute, and made them all ashamed; insomuch as y<sup>e</sup> + moderators with great gravitie declared that y<sup>e</sup> former matters + gave them cause enough to refuse him & to deal with him as they had + done, but these made him unmeete for ever to bear ministrie any more, what + repentance soever he should pretend; with much more to like effecte, and + so wisht his freinds to rest quiete. Thus was this matter ended. + </p> + <p> + From hence Lyford wente to Natasco, in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets, with some other of his freinds with him, wher Oldom allso + lived. From thence he removed to Namkeke, since called Salem; but after + ther came some people over, wheather for hope of greater profite, or what + ends els I know not, he left his freinds that followed him, and went from + thence to Virginia, wher he shortly after dyed, and so I leave him to y<sup>e</sup> + Lord. His wife afterwards returned againe to this cuntry, and thus much of + this matter. + </p> + <p> + [134] This storme being thus blowne over, yet sundrie sad effects followed + y<sup>e</sup> same; for the Company of Adventurers broake in peeces here + upon, and y<sup>e</sup> greatest parte wholy deserted y<sup>e</sup> colony + in regarde of any further supply, or care of their subsistance. And not + only so, but some of Lyfords & Oldoms freinds, and their adherents, + set out a shipe on fishing, on their owne accounte, and getting y<sup>e</sup> + starte of y<sup>e</sup> ships that came to the plantation, they tooke away + their stage, & other necessary provisions that they had made for + fishing at Cap-Anne y<sup>e</sup> year before, at their great charge, and + would not restore y<sup>e</sup> same, excepte they would fight for it. But + y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> sent some of y<sup>e</sup> planters to help + y<sup>e</sup> fisher men to build a new one, and so let them keepe it. + This shipe also brought them some small supply, of little value; but they + made so pore a bussines of their fishing, (neither could these men make + them any returne for y<sup>e</sup> supply sente,) so as, after this year, + they never looked more after them. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + Also by this ship, they, some of them, sent (in y<sup>e</sup> name of y<sup>e</sup> + rest) certaine reasons of their breaking of from y<sup>e</sup> plantation, + and some tenders, upon certaine conditions, of reuniting againe. The which + because they are longe & tedious, and most of them aboute the former + things already touched, I shall omite them; only giveing an instance in + one, or tow. 1. reason, they charged them for dissembling with his + majestie in their petition, and with y<sup>e</sup> adventurers about y<sup>e</sup> + French discipline, &c. 2<sup>ly</sup>, for receiving<a + name="FNanchor_BV_74" id="FNanchor_BV_74"></a><a href="#Footnote_BV_74" + class="fnanchor">[BV]</a> a man<a name="FNanchor_BW_75" id="FNanchor_BW_75"></a><a + href="#Footnote_BW_75" class="fnanchor">[BW]</a> into their church, that + in his conffession renownced all, universall, nationall, and diocessan + churches, &c., by which (say they) it appears, that though they deney + the name of Brow̅ists, yet they practiss y<sup>e</sup> same, &c. + And therfore they should sin̅e against God in building up such a + people. + </p> + <p> + Then they adde: Our dislikes thus laid downe, that we may goe on in trade + w<sup>th</sup> better contente & credite, our desires are as + followeth. First, that as we are partners in trade, so we may be in Goṽ<sup>rt</sup> + ther, as the patente doth give us power, &c. + </p> + <p> + 2. That the French discipline may be practised in the plantation, as well + in the circumstances theirof, as in y<sup>e</sup> substance; wherby y<sup>e</sup> + scandallous name of y<sup>e</sup> Brownists, and other church differences, + may be taken away. + </p> + <p> + 3. Lastly, that M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson and his company may not goe over + to our plantation, unless he and they <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span>will reconcile themselves to + our church by a recantation under their hands, &c. + </p> + <p> + Their answer in part to these things was then as foloweth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Wheras you taxe us for dissembling with his majestie & y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers aboute y<sup>e</sup> French discipline, you doe us wrong, + for we both hold & practice y<sup>e</sup> discipline of y<sup>e</sup> + French & other reformed churches, (as they have published y<sup>e</sup> + same in y<sup>e</sup> Harmony of Confessions,) according to our means, + in effecte & substance. But wheras you would tye us to the French + discipline in every circumstance, you derogate from y<sup>e</sup> + libertie we have in Christ Jesus. The Apostle Paule would have none to + follow him in any thing but wherin he follows Christ, much less ought + any Christian or church in y<sup>e</sup> world to doe it. The French may + erre, we may erre, and other churches may erre, and doubtless doe in + many circumstances. That honour therfore belongs only to y<sup>e</sup> + infallible word of God, and pure Testamente of Christ, to be propounded + and followed as y<sup>e</sup> only rule and pattern for direction herin + to all churches & Christians. And it is too great arrogancie for any + man, or church [135] to thinke y<sup>t</sup> he or they have so sounded + y<sup>e</sup> word of God to y<sup>e</sup> bottome, as precislie to sett + downe y<sup>e</sup> churches discipline, without error in substance or + circumstance, as y<sup>t</sup> no other without blame may digress or + differ in any thing from y<sup>e</sup> same. And it is not difficulte to + shew, y<sup>t</sup> the reformed churches differ in many circumstances + amongest them selves. + </p> + </div> + <p> + The rest I omitte, for brevities sake, and so leave to prosecute these men + or their doings any further, but shall returne to y<sup>e</sup> rest of + their freinds of y<sup>e</sup> company, w<sup>ch</sup> stuck to them. And + I shall first inserte some part <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_240" + id="Page_240">[240]</a></span>of their letters as followeth; for I thinke + it best to render their minds in ther owne words. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + To our loving freinds, &c. + </p> + <p> + Though the thing we feared be come upon us, and y<sup>e</sup> evill we + strove against have overtaken us, yet we cannot forgett you, nor our + freindship and fellowship which togeather we have had some years; wherin + though our expressions have been small, yet our harty affections towards + you (unknown by face) have been no less then to our nearest freinds, + yea, to our owne selves. And though this your friend M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow can tell you y<sup>e</sup> state of things hear, yet least we + should seeme to neglecte you, to whom, by a wonderfull providence of + God, we are so nearly united, we have thought good once more to write + unto you, to let you know what is here befallen, and y<sup>e</sup> + resons of it; as also our purposes & desirs toward you for + hereafter. + </p> + <p> + The former course for the generalitie here is wholy dissolved from what + it was; and wheras you & we were formerly sharers and partners, in + all viages & deallings, this way is now no more, but you and we are + left to bethinke our sellves what course to take in y<sup>e</sup> + future, that your lives & our monies be not lost. + </p> + <p> + The reasons and causes of this allteration have been these. First and + mainly, y<sup>e</sup> many losses and crosses at sea, and abuses of + sea-men, w<sup>ch</sup> have caused us to rune into so much charge, + debts, & ingagements, as our estats & means were not able to goe + on without impoverishing our selves, except our estats had been greater, + and our associats cloven beter unto us. 2<sup>ly</sup>, as here hath + been a faction and siding amongst us now more then 2. years, so now + there is an uter breach and sequestration amongst us, and in too parts + of us a full dissertion and forsaking of you, without any intente or + purpose of medling more with you. And though we are perswaded <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span>the + maine cause of this their doing is wante of money, (for neede wherof men + use to make many excuses,) yet other things are pretended, as that you + are Brownists, &c. Now what use you or we ought to make of these + things, it remaineth to be considered, for we know y<sup>e</sup> hand of + God to be in all these things, and no doubt he would admonish some thing + therby, and to looke what is amise. And allthough it be now too late for + us or you to prevent & stay these things, yet it is<a + name="FNanchor_BX_76" id="FNanchor_BX_76"></a><a href="#Footnote_BX_76" + class="fnanchor">[BX]</a> not to late to exercise patience, wisdom, and + conscience in bearing them, and in caring our selves in & under them + for y<sup>e</sup> time to come. + </p> + <p> + [136] And as we our selves stand ready to imbrace all occasions that may + tend to y<sup>e</sup> furthrance of so hopefull a work, rather admiring + of what is, then grudging for what is not; so it must rest in you to + make all good againe. And if in nothing else you can be approved, yet + let your honestie & conscience be still approved, & lose not one + jote of you<sup>r</sup> innocencie, amids your crosses & + afflictions. And surly if you upon this allteration behave your selves + wisly, and goe on fairly, as men whose hope is not in this life, you + shall need no other weapon to wound your adversaries; for when your + righteousnes is revealled as y<sup>e</sup> light, they shall cover their + faces with shame, that causlesly have sought your overthrow. + </p> + <p> + Now we thinke it but reason, that all such things as ther apertaine to + the generall, be kept & preserved togeather, and rather increased + dayly, then any way be dispersed or imbeseled away for any private ends + or intents whatsoever. And after your necessities are served, you gather + togeather such com̅odities as y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie yeelds, & + send them over to pay debts & clear ingagements hear, which are not + less then 1400<sup>li</sup>. And we hope you will doe your best to free + our ingagements, &c. Let us all indeavor to keep a faire & + honest course, and see <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_242" + id="Page_242">[242]</a></span>what time will bring forth, and how God in + his providence will worke for us. We still are perswaded you are y<sup>e</sup> + people that must make a plantation in those remoate places when all + others faile and returne. And your experience of Gods providence and + preservation of you is such as we hope your harts will not faile you, + though your freinds should forsake you (which we our selves shall not + doe whilst we live, so long as your honestie so well appereth). Yet + surly help would arise from some other place whilst you waite on God, + with uprightnes, though we should leave you allso. + </p> + <p> + And lastly be you all intreated to walke circumspectly, and carry your + selves so uprightly in all your ways, as y<sup>t</sup> no man may make + just exceptions against you. And more espetially that y<sup>e</sup> + favour and countenance of God may be so toward you, as y<sup>t</sup> you + may find abundante joye & peace even amids tribulations, that you + may say with David, Though my father & mother should forsake me, yet + y<sup>e</sup> Lord would take me up. + </p> + <p> + We have sent you hear some catle, cloath, hose, shoes, leather, &c., + but in another nature then formerly, as it stood us in hand to doe; we + have com̅itted them to y<sup>e</sup> charge & custody of M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton and M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, as our factours, at whose + discretion they are to be sould, and com̅odities to be taken for + them, as is fitting. And by how much y<sup>e</sup> more they will be + chargable unto you, the better<a name="FNanchor_BY_77" + id="FNanchor_BY_77"></a><a href="#Footnote_BY_77" class="fnanchor">[BY]</a> + they had need to be husbanded, &c. Goe on, good freinds, + comfortably, pluck up your spirits, and quitte your selves like men in + all your difficulties, that notwithstanding all displeasure and threats + of men, yet y<sup>e</sup> work may goe on you are aboute, and not be + neglected. Which is so much for y<sup>e</sup> glorie of God, and the + furthrance of our countrie-men, as that a man may with more comforte + [137] spend his life in it, then live y<sup>e</sup> life of Mathusala, + in wasting y<sup>e</sup> plentie of a tilled land, or eating y<sup>e</sup> + fruite of a growne tree. Thus with harty salutations to <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span>you + all, and harty prayers for you all, we lovingly take our leaves, this + 18. of Des: 1624. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Your assured freinds to our powers, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">J. S. W. C. T. F. R. H. &c.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p> + By this leter it appears in what state y<sup>e</sup> affairs of y<sup>e</sup> + plantation stood at this time. These goods they bought, but they were at + deare rates, for they put 40. in y<sup>e</sup> hundred upon them, for + profite and adventure, outward bound; and because of y<sup>e</sup> v̅nture + of y<sup>e</sup> paiment homeward, they would have 30.<a + name="FNanchor_BZ_78" id="FNanchor_BZ_78"></a><a href="#Footnote_BZ_78" + class="fnanchor">[BZ]</a> in y<sup>e</sup> 100. more, which was in all 70. + p̲<sup>r</sup>. cent; a thing thought unreasonable by some, and too + great an oppression upon y<sup>e</sup> poore people, as their case stood. + The catle were y<sup>e</sup> best goods, for y<sup>e</sup> other being + ventured ware, were neither at y<sup>e</sup> best (some of them) nor at y<sup>e</sup> + best prises. Sundrie of their freinds disliked these high rates, but com̅ing + from many hands, they could not help it. + </p> + <p> + They sent over also 2. ships on fishing on their owne acounte; the one was + y<sup>e</sup> pinass that was cast away y<sup>e</sup> last year hear in y<sup>e</sup> + cuntrie, and recovered by y<sup>e</sup> planters, (as was before related,) + who, after she came home, was attached by one of y<sup>e</sup> company for + his perticuler debte, and now sent againe on this accounte. The other was + a great ship, who was well fitted with an experienced m<sup>r</sup>. & + company of fisher-men, to make a viage, & to goe to Bilbo or + Sabastians with her fish; the lesser, her order was <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span>to load with cor-fish, and + to bring the beaver home for England, y<sup>t</sup> should be received for + y<sup>e</sup> goods sould to y<sup>e</sup> plantation. This bigger ship + made a great viage of good drie fish, the which, if they had gone to a + market w<sup>th</sup>, would have yeelded them (as such fish was sould y<sup>t</sup> + season) 1800<sup>li</sup>. which would have enriched them. But because + ther was a bruite of warr with France, y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. + neglected (through timerousnes) his order, and put first into Plimoth, + & after into Portsmouth, and so lost their opportunitie, and came by + the loss. The lesser ship had as ill success, though she was as hopfull as + y<sup>e</sup> other for y<sup>e</sup> marchants profite; for they had fild + her with goodly cor-fish taken upon y<sup>e</sup> banke, as full as she + could swime; and besids she had some 800<sup>li</sup>. weaight of beaver, + besids other furrs to a good value from y<sup>e</sup> plantation. The m<sup>r</sup>. + seeing so much goods come, put it abord y<sup>e</sup> biger ship, for more + saftie; but M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow (their factor in this busines) was + bound in a bond of 500<sup>li</sup>. to send it to London in y<sup>e</sup> + smale ship; ther was some contending between y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>, + & him aboute it. But he tould y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. he would + follow his order aboute it; if he would take it out afterward, it should + be at his perill. So it went in y<sup>e</sup> smale ship, and he sent + bills of lading in both. The m<sup>r</sup>. was so carfull being both so + well laden, as they went joyfully home togeather, for he towed y<sup>e</sup> + leser ship at his sterne all y<sup>e</sup> way over bound, and they had + such fayr weather as he never cast her of till they were shott deep in to + y<sup>e</sup> English Chanell, almost within y<sup>e</sup> sight of + Plimoth; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span>and + yet ther she was unhaply taken by a Turks man of warr, and carried into + Saly, wher y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. and men were made slaves, and many + of y<sup>e</sup> beaver skins were sould for 4<sup>d</sup>. a peece. [138] + Thus was all their hops dasht, and the joyfull news they ment to cary home + turned to heavie tidings. Some thought this a hand of God for their too + great exaction of y<sup>e</sup> poore plantation, but Gods judgments are + unseerchable, neither dare I be bould therwith: but however it shows us y<sup>e</sup> + uncertainty of all humane things, and what litle cause ther is of joying + in them or trusting to them. + </p> + <p> + In y<sup>e</sup> bigger of these ships was sent over Captine Standish from + y<sup>e</sup> plantation, w<sup>th</sup> leters & instructions, both + to their freinds of y<sup>e</sup> company which still clave to them, and + also to y<sup>e</sup> Honourable Counsell of New-England. To y<sup>e</sup> + company to desire y<sup>t</sup> seeing that they ment only to let them + have goods upon sale, that they might have them upon easier termes, for + they should never be able to bear such high intrest, or to allow so much + per cent; also that what they would doe in y<sup>t</sup> way that it might + be disburst in money, or such goods as were fitte and needfull for them, + & bought at best hand; and to aquainte them with y<sup>e</sup> + contents of his leters to y<sup>e</sup> Counsell above said, which was to + this purpose, to desire their favour & help; that such of y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers as had thus forsaken & deserted them, might be brought to + some order, and not to keepe them bound, and them selves be free. But that + they might either stand to ther former <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span>covenants, or ells come to + some faire end, by dividente, or composition. But he came in a very bad + time, for y<sup>e</sup> Stat was full of trouble, and y<sup>e</sup> plague + very hote in London, so as no bussines could be done; yet he spake with + some of y<sup>e</sup> Honourd Counsell, who promised all helpfullnes to y<sup>e</sup> + plantation which lay in them. And sundrie of their freinds y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers were so weakened with their losses y<sup>e</sup> last year, by + y<sup>e</sup> losse of y<sup>e</sup> ship taken by the Turks, and y<sup>e</sup> + loss of their fish, w<sup>ch</sup> by reason of y<sup>e</sup> warrs they + were forcte to land at Portsmouth, and so came to litle; so as, though + their wills were good, yet they<sup>r</sup> power was litle. And ther dyed + such multituds weekly of y<sup>e</sup> plague, as all trade was dead, and + litle money stirring. Yet with much adooe he tooke up 150<sup>li</sup>. (& + spent a good deal of it in expences) at 50. per cent, which he bestowed in + trading goods & such other most needfull comodities as he knew + requiset for their use; and so returned passenger in a fhishing ship, + haveing prepared a good way for y<sup>e</sup> compossition that was + afterward made. + </p> + <p> + In y<sup>e</sup> mean time it pleased y<sup>e</sup> Lord to give y<sup>e</sup> + plantation peace and health and contented minds, and so to blese ther + labours, as they had corne sufficient, (and some to spare to others,) with + other foode; neither ever had they any supply of foode but what they first + brought with them. After harvest this year, they sende out a boats load of + corne 40. or 50. leagues to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, up a river called + Kenibeck; it being one of those <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_247" + id="Page_247">[247]</a></span>2. shalops which their carpenter had built + them y<sup>e</sup> year before; for bigger vessell had they none. They had + laid a litle deck over her midships to keepe y<sup>e</sup> corne drie, but + y<sup>e</sup> men were faine to stand it out all weathers without shelter; + and y<sup>t</sup> time [139] of y<sup>e</sup> year begins to growe + tempestious. But God preserved them, and gave them good success, for they + brought home 700<sup>li</sup>. of beaver, besids some other furrs, having + litle or nothing els but this corne, which them selves had raised out of y<sup>e</sup> + earth. This viage was made by M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow & some of y<sup>e</sup> + old standards,<a name="FNanchor_CA_79" id="FNanchor_CA_79"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CA_79" class="fnanchor">[CA]</a> for seamen they had none. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1626" id="a1626"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1626.</i> + </p> + <p> + About y<sup>e</sup> begining of Aprill they heard of Captain Standish his + arrivall, and sent a boat to fetch him home, and y<sup>e</sup> things he + had brought. Welcome he was, but y<sup>e</sup> news he broughte was sadd + in many regards; not only in regarde of the former losses, before related, + which their freinds had suffered, by which some in a maner were undon, + others much disabled from doing any further help, and some dead of y<sup>e</sup> + plague, but also y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Robinson, their pastor, was + dead, which struck them with much sorrow & sadnes, as they had cause. + His and their adversaries had been long & continually plotting how + they might hinder his coming hither, but y<sup>e</sup> Lord had appointed + him a better place; concerning <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_248" + id="Page_248">[248]</a></span>whose death & the maner therof, it will + appere by these few lines write to Gov<sup>r</sup> & M<sup>r</sup>. + Brewster. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Loving & kind frinds, &c. I know not whether this will ever come + to your hands, or miscarie, as other my letters have done; yet in regard + of y<sup>e</sup> Lords dealing with us hear, I have had a great desire + to write unto you, knowing your desire to bear a parte with us, both in + our joyes, & sorrows, as we doe w<sup>th</sup> you. These are + therfore to give you to understand, that it hath pleased the Lord to + take out of this vaell of tears, your and our loving & faithfull + pastor, and my dear & Reve<sup>d</sup> brother, M<sup>r</sup>. John + Robinson, who was sick some 8. days. He begane to be sick on Saturday in + y<sup>e</sup> morning, yet y<sup>e</sup> next day (being the Lords day) + he taught us twise. And so y<sup>e</sup> weeke after grew weaker, every + day more then other; yet he felt no paine but weaknes all y<sup>e</sup> + time of his sicknes. The phisick he tooke wrought kindly in mans + judgmente, but he grew weaker every day, feeling litle or no paine, and + sensible to y<sup>e</sup> very last. He fell sicke y<sup>e</sup> 22. of + Feb: and departed this life y<sup>e</sup> 1. of March. He had a + continuall inwarde ague, but free from infection, so y<sup>t</sup> all + his freinds came freely to him. And if either prayers, tears, or means, + would have saved his life, he had not gone hence. But he having + faithfully finished his course, and performed his worke which y<sup>e</sup> + Lord had appointed him here to doe, he now resteth with y<sup>e</sup> + Lord in eternall hapines. We wanting him & all Church Gov<sup>rs</sup>, + yet we still (by y<sup>e</sup> mercie of God) continue & hould close + togeather, in peace and quietnes; and so hope we shall doe, though we be + very weake. Wishing (if such were y<sup>e</sup> will of God) that you + & we were againe united togeather in one, either ther or here; but + seeing it is y<sup>e</sup> will of y<sup>e</sup> Lord thus to dispose of + things, we must labour w<sup>th</sup> patience to rest contented, till + it please y<sup>e</sup> Lord otherwise to dispose. For [140] news, is + here not much; only as in England we have <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span>lost our old king James, + who departed this life aboute a month agoe, so here they have lost y<sup>e</sup> + old prince, Grave Mourise; who both departed this life since my brother + Robinson. And as in England we have a new-king Charls, of whom ther is + great hope, so hear they have made prince Hendrick Generall in his + brothers place, &c. Thus with my love remembred, I take leave & + rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your assured loving friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Roger White.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Leyden, Aprill 28.<br /> An<sup>o</sup>: + 1625. + </div> + </div> + <p> + Thus these too great princes, and their pastor, left this world near + aboute one time. Death maks no difference. + </p> + <p> + He further brought them notice of y<sup>e</sup> death of their anciente + friend, Mr. Cush-man, whom y<sup>e</sup> Lord tooke away allso this year, + & aboute this time, who was as their right hand with their freinds y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers, and for diverce years had done & agitated all their + bussines with them to ther great advantage. He had write to y<sup>e</sup> + Gove<sup>r</sup> but some few months before, of y<sup>e</sup> sore sicknes + of M<sup>r</sup>. James Sherley, who was a cheefe friend to y<sup>e</sup> + plantation, and lay at y<sup>e</sup> pointe of death, declaring his love + & helpfullnes, in all things; and much bemoned the loss they should + have of him, if God should now take him away, as being y<sup>e</sup> stay + & life of y<sup>e</sup> whole bussines. As allso his owne purposs this + year to come over, and spend his days with them. But he that thus write of + anothers sicknes, knew not y<sup>t</sup> his owne death was so near. It + shows allso that a mās ways are not in his owne power, but in his + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span>hands + who hath y<sup>e</sup> issues of life and death. Man may purpose, but God + doth dispose. + </p> + <p> + Their other freinds from Leyden writ many leters to them full of sad + laments for ther heavie loss; and though their wills were good to come to + them, yet they saw no probabilitie of means, how it might be effected, but + concluded (as it were) that all their hopes were cutt of; and many, being + aged, begane to drop away by death. + </p> + <p> + All which things (before related) being well weighed and laied togither, + it could not but strick them with great perplexitie; and to looke humanly + on y<sup>e</sup> state of things as they presented them selves at this + time, it is a marvell it did not wholy discourage them, and sinck them. + But they gathered up their spirits, and y<sup>e</sup> Lord so helped them, + whose worke they had in hand, as now when they were at lowest<a + name="FNanchor_CB_80" id="FNanchor_CB_80"></a><a href="#Footnote_CB_80" + class="fnanchor">[CB]</a> they begane to rise againe, and being striped + (in a maner) of all humane helps and hops, he brought things aboute other + wise, in his devine providence, as they were not only upheld & + sustained, but their proceedings both honoured and imitated by others; as + by y<sup>e</sup> sequell will more appeare, if y<sup>e</sup> Lord spare me + life & time to declare y<sup>e</sup> same. + </p> + <p> + Haveing now no fishing busines, or other things to intend, but only their + trading & planting, they sett them selves to follow the same with y<sup>e</sup> + best industrie they could. The planters finding their corne, what they + could spare from ther necessities, to be a com̅oditie, (for they + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span>sould + it at 6<sup>s</sup>. a bushell,) used great dilligence in planting y<sup>e</sup> + same. And y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> and such as were designed to + manage the trade, (for it was retained for y<sup>e</sup> generall good, + [141] and none were to trade in perticuler,) they followed it to the best + advantage they could; and wanting trading goods, they understoode that a + plantation which was at Monhigen, & belonged to some marchants of + Plimoth was to breake up, and diverse usefull goods was ther to be sould; + the Gove<sup>r</sup> and M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow tooke a boat and some + hands and went thither. But M<sup>r</sup>. David Thomson, who lived at + Pascataway, understanding their purpose, tooke oppertunitie to goe with + them, which was some hinderance to them both; for they, perceiveing their + joynte desires to buy, held their goods at higher rates; and not only so, + but would not sell a parcell of their trading goods, excepte they sould + all. So, lest they should further prejudice one an other, they agreed to + buy all, & devid them equally between them. They bought allso a + parcell of goats, which they distributed at home as they saw neede & + occasion, and tooke corne for them of y<sup>e</sup> people, which gave + them good content. Their moyety of y<sup>e</sup> goods came to above 400<sup>li</sup>. + starling. Ther was allso that spring a French ship cast away at + Sacadahock, in w<sup>ch</sup> were many Biscaie ruggs & other com̅odities, + which were falen into these mens hands, & some other fisher men at + Damerins-cove, which were allso bought in partnership, and made their + parte arise to above 500<sup>li</sup>. This they made shift to pay for, + for y<sup>e</sup> most <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_252" + id="Page_252">[252]</a></span>part, with y<sup>e</sup> beaver & + comodities they had gott y<sup>e</sup> winter before, & what they had + gathered up y<sup>t</sup> somer. M<sup>r</sup>. Thomson having some thing + overcharged him selfe, desired they would take some of his, but they + refused except he would let them have his French goods only; and y<sup>e</sup> + marchant (who was one of Bristol) would take their bill for to be paid y<sup>e</sup> + next year. They were both willing, so they became ingaged for them & + tooke them. By which means they became very well furnished for trade; and + tooke of therby some other ingagments w<sup>ch</sup> lay upon them, as the + money taken up by Captaine Standish, and y<sup>e</sup> remains of former + debts. With these goods, and their corne after harvest, they gott good + store of trade, so as they were enabled to pay their ingagements against y<sup>e</sup> + time, & to get some cloathing for y<sup>e</sup> people, and had some + comodities before hand. But now they begane to be envied, and others wente + and fild y<sup>e</sup> Indeans with corne, and beat downe y<sup>e</sup> + prise, giveing them twise as much as they had done, and under traded them + in other comodities allso. + </p> + <p> + This year they sent M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton into England, and gave him + order to make a composition with y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, upon as good + termes as he could (unto which some way had ben made y<sup>e</sup> year + before by Captaine Standish); but yet injoyned him not to conclud + absolutly till they knew y<sup>e</sup> termes, and had well considered of + them; but to drive it to as good an issew as he could, and referr y<sup>e</sup> + conclusion to them. Also they gave him a com̅ission <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span>under + their hands & seals to take up some money, provided it exeeded not + such a sum̅e specified, for which they engaged them selves, and gave + him order how to lay out y<sup>e</sup> same for y<sup>e</sup> use of y<sup>e</sup> + plantation. + </p> + <p> + And finding they ran̅e a great hazard to goe so long viages in a + smale open boat, espetialy y<sup>e</sup> winter season, they begane to + thinke how they might gett a small pinass; as for y<sup>e</sup> reason + afforesaid, so also because others had raised y<sup>e</sup> prise with y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans above y<sup>e</sup> halfe of what they had formerly given, so as + in such a boat they could not [143<a name="FNanchor_CC_81" + id="FNanchor_CC_81"></a><a href="#Footnote_CC_81" class="fnanchor">[CC]</a>] + carry a quantity sufficient to answer their ends. They had no + ship-carpenter amongst them, neither knew how to get one at presente; but + they having an ingenious man that was a house carpenter, who also had + wrought with y<sup>e</sup> ship carpenter (that was dead) when he built + their boats, at their request he put forth him selfe to make a triall that + way of his skill; and tooke one of y<sup>e</sup> bigest of ther shalops + and sawed her in y<sup>e</sup> midle, and so lenthened her some 5. or 6. + foote, and strengthened her with timbers, and so builte her up, and laid a + deck on her; and so made her a conveniente and wholsome vessell, very fitt + & comfortable for their use, which did them servise 7. years after; + and they gott her finished, and fitted with sayles & anchors, y<sup>e</sup> + insuing year. And thus passed y<sup>e</sup> affairs of this year. <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span> + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1627" id="a1627"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1627.</i> + </p> + <p> + At y<sup>e</sup> usuall season of y<sup>e</sup> coming of ships M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton returned, and brought some usfull goods with him, according to y<sup>e</sup> + order given him. For upon his commission he tooke up 200<sup>li</sup>. + which he now gott at 30. per cent. The which goods they gott safly home, + and well conditioned, which was much to the comfort & contente of y<sup>e</sup> + plantation. He declared unto them, allso, how, with much adoe and no small + trouble, he had made a composition with y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, by the + help of sundrie of their faithfull freinds ther, who had allso tooke much + pains ther about. The agreement or bargen he had brought a draught of, + with a list of ther names ther too annexed, drawne by the best counsell of + law they could get, to make it firme. The heads wherof I shall here + inserte. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + To all Christian people, greeting, &c. Wheras at a meeting y<sup>e</sup> + 26. of October last past, diverse & sundrie persons, whose names to + y<sup>e</sup> one part of these presents are subscribed in a schedule + hereunto annexed, Adventurers to New-Plimoth in New-England in America, + were contented and agreed, in consideration of the sume of one thousand + and eight hundred pounds sterling to be paid, (in maner and forme + folling,) to sell, and make sale of all & every y<sup>e</sup> + stocks, shares, lands, marchandise, and chatles, what soever, to y<sup>e</sup> + said adventurers, and other ther fellow adventurers to New Plimoth + aforesaid, any way accruing, or belonging to y<sup>e</sup> generalitie + of y<sup>e</sup> said adventurers aforesaid; as well by reason of any + sume or sumes <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span>of + money, or marchandise, at any time heretofore adventured or disbursed by + them, or other wise howsoever; for y<sup>e</sup> better expression and + setting forth of which said agreemente, the parties to these presents + subscribing, doe for [144] them selves severally, and as much as in them + is, grant, bargan, alien, sell, and transfere all & every y<sup>e</sup> + said shares, goods, lands, marchandice, and chatles to them belonging as + aforesaid, unto Isaack Alerton, one of y<sup>e</sup> planters resident + at Plimoth afforesaid, assigned, and sent over as agente for y<sup>e</sup> + rest of y<sup>e</sup> planters ther, and to such other planters at + Plimoth afforesaid as y<sup>e</sup> said Isack, his heirs, or assignes, + at his or ther arrivall, shall by writing or otherwise thinke fitte to + joyne or partake in y<sup>e</sup> premisses, their heirs, & + assignes, in as large, ample, and beneficiall maner and forme, to all + intents and purposes, as y<sup>e</sup> said subscribing adventurers here + could or may doe, or performe. All which stocks, shares, lands, &c. + to the said adven: in severallitie alloted, apportioned, or any way + belonging, the said adven: doe warrant & defend unto the said Isaack + Allerton, his heirs and assignes, against them, their heirs and + assignes, by these presents. And therfore y<sup>e</sup> said Isaack + Allerton doth, for him, his heirs & assigns, covenant, promise, + & grant too & with y<sup>e</sup> adven: whose names are here + unto subscribed, ther heirs, &c. well & truly to pay, or cause + to be payed, unto y<sup>e</sup> said adven: or 5. of them which were, at + y<sup>t</sup> meeting afforsaid, nominated & deputed, viz. <i>John + Pocock</i>, <i>John Beachamp</i>, <i>Robart Keane</i>, <i>Edward Base</i>, + and <i>James Sherley</i>, marchants, their heirs, &c. too and for y<sup>e</sup> + use of y<sup>e</sup> generallitie of them, the sume of 1800<sup>li</sup>. + of lawfull money of England, at y<sup>e</sup> place appoynted for y<sup>e</sup> + receipts of money, on the west side of y<sup>e</sup> Royall Exchaing in + London, by 200<sup>li</sup>. yearly, and every year, on y<sup>e</sup> + feast of St. Migchell, the first paiment to be made An<sup>o</sup>: + 1628. &c. Allso y<sup>e</sup> said Isaack is to indeavor to procure + & obtaine from the planters of N. P. aforesaid, securitie, by + severall obligations, or writings obligatory, <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span>to make paiment of y<sup>e</sup> + said sume of 1800<sup>li</sup>. in forme afforsaid, according to y<sup>e</sup> + true meaning of these presents. In testimonie wherof to this part of + these presents remaining with y<sup>e</sup> said Isaack Allerton, y<sup>e</sup> + said subscribing adven: have sett to their names,<a name="FNanchor_CD_82" + id="FNanchor_CD_82"></a><a href="#Footnote_CD_82" class="fnanchor">[CD]</a> + &c. And to y<sup>e</sup> other part remaining with y<sup>e</sup> + said adven: the said Isaack Allerton hath subscribed his name, y<sup>e</sup> + <i>15. Nov<sup>br</sup> An<sup>o</sup>: 1626. in y<sup>e</sup> 2. year + of his Majesties raigne</i>. + </p> + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + This agreemente was very well liked of, & approved by all y<sup>e</sup> + plantation, and consented unto; though they knew not well how to raise y<sup>e</sup> + payment, and discharge their other ingagements, and supply the yearly + wants of y<sup>e</sup> plantation, seeing they were forced for their + necessities to take up money or goods at so high intrests. Yet they + undertooke it, and 7. or 8. of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> place + became joyntly bound for y<sup>e</sup> paimente of this 1800<sup>li</sup>. + (in y<sup>e</sup> behalfe of y<sup>e</sup> rest) at y<sup>e</sup> severall + days. In which they rane a great adventure, as their present state stood, + having many other heavie burthens allready upon them, and all things in an + uncertaine condition amongst them. So y<sup>e</sup> next returne it was + absolutly confirmed on both sids, and y<sup>e</sup> bargen fairly + ingrossed in partchmente and in many things put into better forme, by y<sup>e</sup> + advice of y<sup>e</sup> learnedest counsell they could gett; and least any + forfeiture should fall on y<sup>e</sup> whole for none paimente at any of + y<sup>e</sup> days, it rane thus: to forfite 30<sup>s</sup>. a weeke if + they missed y<sup>e</sup> time; and was concluded under their hands & + seals, as may be seen at large by y<sup>e</sup> deed it selfe. + </p> + <p> + [145] Now though they had some untowarde persons mixed amongst them from + the first, which came out of England, and more afterwards by some of y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers, as freindship or other affections led them,—though + sundrie were gone, some for Virginia, and some to other places,—yet + diverse were still mingled amongst them, about whom y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> + & counsell with <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span>other + of their cheefe freinds had serious consideration, how to setle things in + regard of this new bargen or purchas made, in respecte of y<sup>e</sup> + distribution of things both for y<sup>e</sup> presente and future. For y<sup>e</sup> + present, excepte peace and union were preserved, they should be able to + doe nothing, but indanger to over throw all, now that other tyes & + bonds were taken away. Therfore they resolved, for sundrie reasons, to + take in all amongst them, that were either heads of families, or single + yonge men, that were of abillity, and free, (and able to governe them + selvs with meete descretion, and their affairs, so as to be helpfull in y<sup>e</sup> + comone-welth,) into this partnership or purchass. First, y<sup>ey</sup> + considered that they had need of men & strength both for defence and + carrying on of bussinesses. 2<sup>ly</sup>, most of them had borne ther + parts in former miseries & wants with them, and therfore (in some + sort) but equall to partake in a better condition, if y<sup>e</sup> Lord + be pleased to give it. But cheefly they saw not how peace would be + preserved without so doing, but danger & great disturbance might grow + to their great hurte & prejudice other wise. Yet they resolved to keep + such a mean in distribution of lands, and other courses, as should not + hinder their growth in others coming to them. + </p> + <p> + So they caled y<sup>e</sup> company togeather, and conferred with them, + and came to this conclusion, that y<sup>e</sup> trade should be managed as + before, to help to pay the debts; and all such persons as were above named + should be <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span>reputed + and inrouled for purchasers; single free men to have a single share, and + every father of a familie to be alowed to purchass so many shares as he + had persons in his family; that is to say, one for him selfe, and one for + his wife, and for every child that he had living with him, one. As for + servants, they had none, but what either their maisters should give them + out of theirs, or their deservings should obtaine from y<sup>e</sup> + company afterwards. Thus all were to be cast into single shares according + to the order abovesaid; and so every one was to pay his part according to + his proportion towards y<sup>e</sup> purchass, & all other debts, what + y<sup>e</sup> profite of y<sup>e</sup> trade would not reach too; viz. a + single man for a single share, a maister of a famalie for so many as he + had. This gave all good contente. And first accordingly the few catle + which they had were devided, which arose to this proportion; a cowe to 6. + persons or shars, & 2. goats to y<sup>e</sup> same, which were first + equalised for age & goodnes, and then lotted for; single persons + consorting with others, as they thought good, & smaler familys + likwise; and swine though more [146] in number, yet by y<sup>e</sup> same + rule. Then they agreed that every person or share should have 20. acres of + land devided unto them, besids y<sup>e</sup> single acres they had + allready; and they appoynted were to begin first on y<sup>e</sup> one side + of y<sup>e</sup> towne, & how farr to goe; and then on y<sup>e</sup> + other side in like maner; and so to devid it by lotte; and appointed + sundrie by <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span>name + to doe it, and tyed them to certaine ruls to proceed by; as that they + should only lay out settable or tillable land, at least such of it as + should butt on y<sup>e</sup> water side, (as y<sup>e</sup> most they were + to lay out did,) and pass by y<sup>e</sup> rest as refuse and com̅une; + and what they judged fitte should be so taken. And they were first to + agree of y<sup>e</sup> goodnes & fitnes of it before the lott was + drawne, and so it might as well prove some of ther owne, as an other mans; + and this course they were to hould throwout. But yet seekeing to keepe y<sup>e</sup> + people togither, as much as might be, they allso agreed upon this order, + by mutuall consente, before any lots were cast: that whose lotts soever + should fall next y<sup>e</sup> towne, or most conveninte for nearnes, they + should take to them a neigboure or tow, whom they best liked; and should + suffer them to plant corne with them for 4. years; and afterwards they + might use as much of theirs for as long time, if they would. Allso every + share or 20. acers was to be laid out 5. acres in breadth by y<sup>e</sup> + water side, and 4. acres in lenght, excepting nooks & corners, which + were to be measured as y<sup>ey</sup> would bear to best advantage. But no + meadows were to be laid out at all, nor were not of many years after, + because they were but streight of meadow grounds; and if they had bene now + given out, it would have hindred all addition to them afterwards; but + every season all were appoynted wher they should mowe, according to y<sup>e</sup> + proportion of catle they had. This <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_261" + id="Page_261">[261]</a></span>distribution gave generally good contente, + and setled mens minds. Also they gave y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> & + 4. or 5. of y<sup>e</sup> spetiall men amongst them, y<sup>e</sup> houses + they lived in; y<sup>e</sup> rest were valued & equalised at an + indiferent rate, and so every man kept his owne, and he that had a better + alowed some thing to him that had a worse, as y<sup>e</sup> valuation + wente. + </p> + <p> + Ther is one thing that fell out in y<sup>e</sup> begining of y<sup>e</sup> + winter before, which I have refferred to this place, that I may handle y<sup>e</sup> + whole matter togeither. Ther was a ship, with many passengers in her and + sundrie goods, bound for Virginia. They had lost them selves at sea, + either by y<sup>e</sup> insufficiencie of y<sup>e</sup> maister, or his + ilnes; for he was sick & lame of y<sup>e</sup> scurvie, so that he + could but lye in y<sup>e</sup> cabin dore, & give direction; and it + should seeme was badly assisted either w<sup>th</sup> mate or mariners; or + else y<sup>e</sup> fear and unrulines of y<sup>e</sup> passengers were + such, as they made them stear a course betweene y<sup>e</sup> southwest + & y<sup>e</sup> norwest, that they might fall with some land, what + soever it was they cared not. For they had been 6. weeks at sea, and had + no water, nor beere, nor any woode left, but had burnt up all their emptie + caske; only one of y<sup>e</sup> company had a hogshead of wine or 2. + which was allso allmost spente, so as they feared they should be starved + at sea, or consumed with diseases, which made them rune this desperate + course. But it plased God that though they came so neare y<sup>e</sup> + shoulds of Cap-Codd [147] or else ran stumbling over them in <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + night, they knew not how, they came right before a small blind harbore, + that lyes about y<sup>e</sup> midle of Manamoyake Bay, to y<sup>e</sup> + southward of Cap-Codd, with a small gale of wind; and about highwater + toucht upon a barr of sand that lyes before it, but had no hurte, y<sup>e</sup> + sea being smoth; so they laid out an anchore. But towards the evening the + wind sprunge up at sea, and was so rough, as broake their cable, & + beat them over the barr into y<sup>e</sup> harbor, wher they saved their + lives & goods, though much were hurte with salt water; for w<sup>th</sup> + beating they had sprung y<sup>e</sup> but end of a planke or too, & + beat out ther occome; but they were soone over, and ran on a drie flate + within the harbor, close by a beach; so at low water they gatt out their + goods on drie shore, and dried those that were wette, and saved most of + their things without any great loss; neither was y<sup>e</sup> ship much + hurt, but shee might be mended, and made servisable againe. But though + they were not a litle glad that they had thus saved their lives, yet when + they had a litle refreshed them selves, and begane to thinke on their + condition, not knowing wher they were, nor what they should doe, they + begane to be strucken with sadnes. But shortly after they saw some Indians + come to them in canows, which made them stand upon their gard. But when + they heard some of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans speake English unto them, they + were not a litle revived, especially when they heard them demand if they + were the Gove<sup>r</sup> of Plimoths men, or freinds; <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span>and y<sup>t</sup> + they would bring them to y<sup>e</sup> English houses, or carry their + letters. + </p> + <p> + They feasted these Indeans, and gave them many giftes; and sente 2. men + and a letter with them to y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup>, and did intreat + him to send a boat unto them, with some pitch, and occume, and spiks, w<sup>th</sup> + divers other necessaries for y<sup>e</sup> mending of ther ship (which was + recoverable). Allso they besought him to help them with some corne and + sundrie other things they wanted, to enable them to make their viage to + Virginia; and they should be much bound to him, and would make + satisfaction for any thing they had, in any comodities they had abord. + After y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> was well informed by y<sup>e</sup> + messengers of their condition, he caused a boate to be made ready, and + such things to be provided as they write for; and because others were + abroad upon trading, and such other affairs, as had been fitte to send + unto them, he went him selfe, and allso carried some trading comodities, + to buy them corne of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans. It was no season of y<sup>e</sup> + year to goe withoute y<sup>e</sup> Cape, but understanding wher y<sup>e</sup> + ship lay, he went into y<sup>e</sup> bottom of y<sup>e</sup> bay, on y<sup>e</sup> + inside, and put into a crick called Naumskachett, wher it is not much + above 2. mile over [148] land to y<sup>e</sup> bay wher they were, wher he + had y<sup>e</sup> Indeans ready to cary over any thing to them. Of his + arrivall they were very glad, and received the things to mend ther ship, + and other necessaries. Allso he bought them as much corne as they would + have; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span>and + wheras some of their sea-men were rune away amonge the Indeans, he + procured their returne to y<sup>e</sup> ship, and so left them well + furnished and contented, being very thankfull for y<sup>e</sup> curtesies + they receaved. But after the Governor thus left them, he went into some + other harbors ther aboute and loaded his boat with corne, which he traded, + and so went home. But he had not been at home many days, but he had notice + from them, that by the violence of a great storme, and y<sup>e</sup> bad + morring of their ship (after she was mended) she was put a shore, and so + beatten and shaken as she was now wholy unfitte to goe to sea. And so + their request was that they might have leave to repaire to them, and + soujourne with them, till they could have means to convey them selves to + Virginia; and that they might have means to trāsport their goods, and + they would pay for y<sup>e</sup> same, or any thing els wher with y<sup>e</sup> + plantation should releeve them. Considering their distres, their requests + were granted, and all helpfullnes done unto them; their goods transported, + and them selves & goods sheltered in their houses as well as they + could. + </p> + <p> + The cheefe amongst these people was one M<sup>r</sup>. Fells and M<sup>r</sup>. + Sibsie, which had many servants belonging unto them, many of them being + Irish. Some others ther were y<sup>t</sup> had a servante or 2. a peece; + but y<sup>e</sup> most were servants, and such as were ingaged to the + former persons, who allso had y<sup>e</sup> most goods. Affter they were + hither come, and some thing setled, the maisters <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span>desired some ground to + imploye ther servants upon; seing it was like to be y<sup>e</sup> latter + end of y<sup>e</sup> year before they could have passage for Virginia, and + they had now y<sup>e</sup> winter before them; they might clear some + ground, and plant a crope (seeing they had tools, & necessaries for y<sup>e</sup> + same) to help to bear their charge, and keep their servants in imployment; + and if they had opportunitie to departe before the same was ripe, they + would sell it on y<sup>e</sup> ground. So they had ground appointed them + in convenient places, and Fells & some other of them raised a great + deall of corne, which they sould at their departure. This Fells, amongst + his other servants, had a maid servante which kept his house & did his + household affairs, and by the intimation of some that belonged unto him, + he was suspected to keep her, as his concubine; and both of them were + examined ther upon, but nothing could be proved, and they stood upon their + justification; so with admonition they were dismiste. But afterward it + appeard she was with child, so he gott a small boat, & ran away with + her, for fear of punishmente. First he went to Cap-Anne, and after into y<sup>e</sup> + bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachussets, but could get no passage, and had like + to have been cast away; and was forst to come againe and submite him + selfe; but they pact him away & those that belonged unto him by the + first oppertunitie, and dismiste all the rest as soone as could, being + many untoward people amongst them; though ther were allso some that caried + them selves <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span>very + orderly all y<sup>e</sup> time they stayed. And the [149] plantation had + some benefite by them, in selling them corne & other provisions of + food for cloathing; for they had of diverse kinds, as cloath, perpetuanes, + & other stuffs, besids hose, & shoes, and such like com̅odities + as y<sup>e</sup> planters stood in need of. So they both did good, and + received good one from another; and a cuple of barks caried them away at y<sup>e</sup> + later end of som̅er. And sundrie of them have acknowledged their + thankfullnes since from Virginia. + </p> + <p> + That they might y<sup>e</sup> better take all convenient opportunitie to + follow their trade, both to maintaine them selves, and to disingage them + of those great sumes which they stood charged with, and bound for, they + resoloved to build a smale pinass at Manamet, a place 20. mile from y<sup>e</sup> + plantation, standing on y<sup>e</sup> sea to y<sup>e</sup> southward of + them, unto which, by an other creeke on this side, they could cary their + goods, within 4. or 5. miles, and then trāsport them over land to + their vessell; and so avoyd the compasing of Cap-Codd, and those + deangerous shoulds, and so make any vioage to y<sup>e</sup> southward in + much shorter time, and with farr less danger. Also for y<sup>e</sup> + saftie of their vessell & goods, they builte a house their, and kept + some servants, who also planted corne, and reared some swine, and were + allwayes ready to goe out with y<sup>e</sup> barke when ther was occasion. + All which tooke good effecte, and turned to their profite. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + They now sent (with y<sup>e</sup> returne of y<sup>e</sup> ships) M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton againe into England, giveing him full power, under their hands + & seals, to conclude the former bargaine with y<sup>e</sup> + adventurers; and sent ther bonds for y<sup>e</sup> paimente of the money. + Allso they sent what beaver they could spare to pay some of their + ingagementes, & to defray his chargs; for those deepe interests still + kepte them low. Also he had order to procure a patente for a fitt trading + place in y<sup>e</sup> river of Kenebec; for being emulated both by the + planters at Pascataway &, other places to y<sup>e</sup> eastward of + them, and allso by y<sup>e</sup> fishing ships, which used to draw much + profite from y<sup>e</sup> Indeans of those parts, they threatened to + procure a grante, & shutte them out from thence; espetially after they + saw them so well furnished with com̅odities, as to carie the trade + from them. They thought it but needfull to prevente such a thing, at least + that they might not be excluded from free trade ther, wher them selves had + first begune and discovered the same, ād brought it to so good + effecte. This year allso they had letters, and messengers from y<sup>e</sup> + Dutch-plantation, sent unto them from y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> ther, + writen both in Dutch & French. The Dutch had traded in these southerne + parts, diverse years before they came; but they begane no plantation hear + till 4. or 5. years after their coming, and here begining. Ther letters + were as followeth. It being their maner to be full of complementall + titles. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Eedele, Eerenfeste Wyse Voorsinnige Heeren, den Gŏveerneŭr, + ende Raeden in Nieu-Pliemŭen residerende; onse seer Goede vrinden + den directeŭr ende Raed van Nieu-Nederlande, wensen vw̅e Edn: + eerenfesten, ende wijse voorsinnige gelŭck salichitt + [gelukzaligheid?], In Christi Jesu onsen Heere; met goede voorspoet, + ende gesonthijt, naer siele, ende lichaem. Amen.<a name="FNanchor_CE_83" + id="FNanchor_CE_83"></a><a href="#Footnote_CE_83" class="fnanchor">[CE]</a> + </p> + </div> + <p> + The rest I shall render in English, leaving out the repetition of + superfluous titles. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + [150] We have often before this wished for an opportunitie or an + occasion to congratulate you, and your prosperous and praise-worthy + undertakeings, and Government of your colony ther. And the more, in that + we also have made a good begining to pitch y<sup>e</sup> foundation of a + collonie hear; and seeing our native countrie lyes not farr from yours, + and our forefathers (diverse hundred years agoe) have made and held + frendship and alliance with your ancestours, as sufficently appears by y<sup>e</sup> + old contractes, and entrecourses, confirmed under y<sup>e</sup> hands of + kings & princes, in y<sup>e</sup> pointe of warr & trafick; as + may be seene and read by all y<sup>e</sup> world in y<sup>e</sup> old + chronakles. The which are not only by the king now reigning confirmed, + but it hath pleased his majesty, upon mature deliberation, to make a new + covenante, (and to take up armes,) with y<sup>e</sup> States Generall of + our dear native country, against our commone enemie the Spaniards, who + seeke nothing <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span>else + but to usurpe and overcome other Christian kings and princes lands, that + so he might obtaine and possess his pretended monarchic over all + Christendom; and so to rule and com̅and, after his owne pleasure, + over y<sup>e</sup> consciences of so many hundred thousand sowles, which + God forbid. + </p> + <p> + And also seeing it hath some time since been reported unto us, by some + of our people, that by occasion came so farr northward with their + shalop, and met with sundry of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, who tould them + that they were within halfe a days journey of your plantation, and + offered ther service to cary letters unto you; therfore we could not + forbear to salute you with these few lines, with presentation of our + good will and servise unto you, in all frendly-kindnes & + neighbourhood. And if it so fall out that any goods that comes to our + hands from our native countrie, may be serviceable unto you, we shall + take our selves bound to help and accom̅adate you ther with; either + for beaver or any other wares or marchandise that you should be pleased + to deale for. And if in case we have no com̅odity at present that + may give you contente, if you please to sell us any beaver, or otter, or + such like comodities as may be usefull for us, for ready money, and let + us understand therof by this bearer in writing, (whom we have apoynted + to stay 3. or 4. days for your answer,) when we understand your minds + therin, we shall depute one to deale with you, at such place as you + shall appointe. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time we pray the Lord to take you, + our honoured good freinds and neighbours, into his holy protection. + </p> + <div class="center"> + By the appointment of y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> and Counsell, &c. + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Isaak de Rasier</span>, Secrectaris. + </div> + <div class="left"> + From y<sup>e</sup> Manhatas, in y<sup>e</sup> fort Amsterdam, + </div> + <div style="margin-left:4em;"> + March 9. An<sup>o</sup>: 1627. + </div> + </div> + <p> + To this they returned answer as followeth, on y<sup>e</sup> other side. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + [151] To the Honoured, &c. + </p> + <p> + The Gove<sup>r</sup> & Counsell of New-Plim: wisheth, &c. We + have received your leters, &c. wherin appeareth your good wills + & frendship towards us; but is expresed w<sup>th</sup> over high + titls, more then belongs to us, or is meete for us to receive. But for + your good will, and congratulations of our prosperitie in these smale + beginings of our poore colonie, we are much bound unto you, and with + many thanks doe acknowledg y<sup>e</sup> same; taking it both for a + great honour done unto us, and for a certaine testimoney of your love + and good neighbourhood. + </p> + <p> + Now these are further to give your Wor<sup>pps</sup> to understand, that + it is to us no smale joye to hear, that his majestie hath not only bene + pleased to confirme y<sup>t</sup> ancient amitie, aliance, and + frendship, and other contracts, formerly made & ratified by his + predecessors of famous memorie, but hath him selfe (as you say) + strengthened the same with a new-union the better to resist y<sup>e</sup> + prid of y<sup>t</sup> com̅one enemy y<sup>e</sup> Spaniard, from + whose cruelty the Lord keep us both, and our native countries. Now + forasmuch as this is sufficiente to unite us togeather in love and good + neighbourhood, in all our dealings, yet are many of us further obliged, + by the good and curteous entreaty which we have found in your countrie; + haveing lived ther many years, with freedome, and good contente, as also + many of our freinds doe to this day; for which we, and our children + after us, are bound to be thankfull to your Nation, and shall never + forgett y<sup>e</sup> same, but shall hartily desire your good & + prosperity, as our owne, for ever. + </p> + <p> + Likwise for your freindly tender, & offer to acom̅odate and + help us with any comodities or marchandise you have, or shall come to + you, either for beaver, otters, or other wares, it is to us very + acceptable, and we doubte not but in short time we may have profitable + com̅erce & trade togeather. But for this year we are fully + supplyed with all necessaries, both for cloathing and other things; but + hereafter it is like <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_271" + id="Page_271">[271]</a></span>we shall deale with you, if your rates be + reasonable. And therfore when you please to send to us againe by any of + yours, we desire to know how you will take beaver, by y<sup>e</sup> + pounde, & otters, by y<sup>e</sup> skine; and how you will deale per + cent. for other comodities, and what you can furnishe us with. As + likwise what other commodities from us may be acceptable unto you, as + tobaco, fish, corne, or other things, and what prises you will give, + &c. + </p> + <p> + Thus hoping that you will pardon & excuse us for our rude and + imperfecte writing in your language, and take it in good parte, because + [152] for wante of use we cannot so well express that we understand, nor + hapily understand every thing so fully as we should. And so we humbly + pray the Lord for his mercie sake, that he will take both us and you + into his keeping & gratious protection. + </p> + <div style="margin-left:2em;"> + By y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> and Counsell of New-Plimoth, + </div> + <div style="margin-left:4em;"> + Your Wor<sup>pps</sup> very good freinds & neigbours, &c. + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + New-Plim: March 19. + </div> + </div> + <p> + After this ther was many passages betweene them both by letters and other + entercourse; and they had some profitable commerce togither for diverce + years, till other occasions interrupted y<sup>e</sup> same, as may happily + appear afterwards, more at large. + </p> + <p> + Before they sent M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton away for England this year, y<sup>e</sup> + Gove<sup>r</sup> and some of their cheefe freinds had serious + consideration, not only how they might discharge those great ingagments + which lay so heavily upon them, as is affore mentioned, but also how they + might (if possiblie they could) devise means to help some of their freinds + and breethren of Leyden over unto them, who <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span>desired so much to come to + them, ād they desired as much their company. To effecte which, they + resolved to rune a high course, and of great adventure, not knowing + otherwise how to bring it aboute. Which was to hire y<sup>e</sup> trade of + y<sup>e</sup> company for certaine years, and in that time to undertake to + pay that 1800<sup>li</sup>. and all y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> + debts that then lay upon y<sup>e</sup> plantation, which was aboute some + 600<sup>li</sup>. more; and so to set them free, and returne the trade to + y<sup>e</sup> generalitie againe at y<sup>e</sup> end of y<sup>e</sup> + terme. Upon which resolution they called y<sup>e</sup> company togeither, + and made it clearly appear unto all what their debts were, and upon what + terms they would undertake to pay them all in such a time, and sett them + clear. But their other ends they were faine to keepe secrete, haveing only + privatly acquaynted some of their trusty freinds therwith; which were glad + of y<sup>e</sup> same, but doubted how they would be able to performe it. + So after some agitation of the thing w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> company, + it was yeelded unto, and the agreemente made upon y<sup>e</sup> conditions + following. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Articles of agreemente betweene y<sup>e</sup> collony of New-Plim̅oth + of y<sup>e</sup> one partie, and William Bradford, Captein Myles + Standish, Isaack Allerton, &c. one y<sup>e</sup> other partie; and + shuch others as they shall thinke good to take as partners and + undertakers with them, concerning the trade for beaver & other furrs + & comodities, &c.; made July, 1627. + </p> + <p> + First, it is agreed and covenanted betweexte y<sup>e</sup> said parties, + that y<sup>e</sup> afforsaid William Bradford, Captain Myl <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span>Standish, + & Isaack Allerton, &c. have undertaken, and doe by these + presents, covenante and agree to pay, discharge, and acquite y<sup>e</sup> + said collony of all y<sup>e</sup> debtes both due for y<sup>e</sup> + purchass, or any other belonging to them, at y<sup>e</sup> day of y<sup>e</sup> + date of these presents. + </p> + <p> + [153] Secondly, y<sup>e</sup> above-said parties are to have and freely + injoye y<sup>e</sup> pinass latly builte, the boat at Manamett, and y<sup>e</sup> + shalop, called y<sup>e</sup> Bass-boat, with all other implements to + them belonging, that is in y<sup>e</sup> store of y<sup>e</sup> said + company; with all y<sup>e</sup> whole stock of furrs, fells, beads, + corne, wampampeak, hatchets, knives, &c. that is now in y<sup>e</sup> + storre, or any way due unto y<sup>e</sup> same uppon accounte. + </p> + <p> + 3<sup>ly</sup>. That y<sup>e</sup> above said parties have y<sup>e</sup> + whole trade to them selves, their heires and assignes, with all y<sup>e</sup> + privileges therof, as y<sup>e</sup> said collonie doth now, or may use + the same, for 6. full years, to begine y<sup>e</sup> last of September + next insuing. + </p> + <p> + 4<sup>ly</sup>. In furder consideration of y<sup>e</sup> discharge of y<sup>e</sup> + said debtes, every severall purchaser doth promise and covenante yearly + to pay, or cause to be payed, to the above said parties, during y<sup>e</sup> + full terme of y<sup>e</sup> said 6. years, 3. bushells of corne, or 6<sup>li</sup>. + of tobaco, at y<sup>e</sup> undertakers choyse. + </p> + <p> + 5<sup>ly</sup>. The said undertakers shall dureing y<sup>e</sup> + afforesaid terme bestow 50<sup>li</sup>. per annum, in hose and shoese, + to be brought over for y<sup>e</sup> collonies use, to be sould unto + them for corne at 6<sup>s</sup>. per bushell. + </p> + <p> + 6<sup>ly</sup>. That at y<sup>e</sup> end of y<sup>e</sup> said terme of + 6. years, the whole trade shall returne to y<sup>t</sup> use and + benefite of y<sup>e</sup> said collonie, as before. + </p> + <p> + Lastly, if y<sup>e</sup> afforesaid undertakers, after they have + aquainted their freinds in England with these covenants, doe (upon y<sup>e</sup> + first returne) resolve to performe them, and undertake to discharge y<sup>e</sup> + debtes of y<sup>e</sup> said collony, according to y<sup>e</sup> true + meaning & intente of these presents, then they are (upon such notice + given) to stand in full force; otherwise all things to <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span>remaine + as formerly they were, and a true accounte to be given to y<sup>e</sup> + said collonie, of the disposing of all things according to the former + order. + </p> + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton carried a coppy of this agreemente with him into + England, and amongst other his instructions had order given him to deale + with some of their speciall freinds, to joyne with them in this trade upon + y<sup>e</sup> above recited conditions; as allso to imparte their further + ends that moved them to take this course, namly, the helping over of some + of their freinds from Leyden, as they should be able; in which if any of + them would joyne with them they should thankfully acceptt of their love + and partnership herein. And with all (by their letters) gave them some + grounds of their hops of the accomplishmente of these things with some + advantage. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1628" id="a1628"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1628.</i> + </p> + <p> + After M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons arivall in England, he aquainted them with + his comission and full power to conclude y<sup>e</sup> forementioned + bargan & purchas; upon [154] the veiw wherof, and y<sup>e</sup> + delivery of y<sup>e</sup> bonds for y<sup>e</sup> paymente of y<sup>e</sup> + money yearly, (as is before mentioned,) it was fully concluded, and a + deede<a name="FNanchor_CF_84" id="FNanchor_CF_84"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CF_84" class="fnanchor">[CF]</a> fairly ingrossed in + partchmente was delivered him, under their hands & seals confirming + the same. Morover he delte with them aboute other things according to his + instructions. As <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span>to + admitt some of these their good freinds into this purchass if they + pleased, and to deale with them for moneys at better rates, &c. + Touching which I shall hear inserte a letter of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys, + giving light to what followed therof, writ to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: I have received yours of y<sup>e</sup> 26. of May by M<sup>r</sup>. + Gibs, & M<sup>r</sup>. Goffe, with y<sup>e</sup> barrell of otter + skins, according to y<sup>e</sup> contents; for which I got a bill of + store, and so tooke them up, and sould them togeather at 78<sup>li</sup>. + 12<sup>s</sup>. sterling; and since, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton hath + received y<sup>e</sup> money, as will apear by the accounte. It is true + (as you write) that your ingagments are great, not only the purchass, + but you are yet necessitated to take up y<sup>e</sup> stock you work + upon; and y<sup>t</sup> not at 6. or 8. p<sup>r</sup> cent. as it is + here let out, but at 30. 40. yea, & some at 50. p<sup>r</sup> cent. + which, were not your gaines great, and Gods blessing on your honest + indeaours more then ordinarie, it could not be y<sup>t</sup> you should + longe subsiste in y<sup>e</sup> maintaining of, & upholding of your + worldly affaires. And this your honest & discreete agente, M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton, hath seriously considered, & deeply laid to mind, how to + ease you of it. He tould me you were contented to accepte of me & + some few others, to joyne with you in y<sup>e</sup> purchass, as + partners; for which I kindly thanke you and all y<sup>e</sup> rest, and + doe willingly accepte of it. And though absente, shall willingly be at + shuch charge as you & y<sup>e</sup> rest shall thinke meete; and + this year am contented to forbear my former 50<sup>li</sup>. and 2. + years increase for y<sup>e</sup> venture, both which now makes it 80<sup>li</sup>. + without any bargaine or condition for y<sup>e</sup> profite, you (I mean + y<sup>e</sup> generalitie) stand to y<sup>e</sup> adventure, outward, + and homeward. I have perswaded M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews and M<sup>r</sup>. + Beachamp to doe y<sup>e</sup> like, so as you are eased of y<sup>e</sup> + high rate, you were at y<sup>e</sup> other 2. yeares; I say we leave it + freely to your selves <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_276" + id="Page_276">[276]</a></span>to alow us what you please, and as God + shall blesse. What course I rune, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp desireth to + doe y<sup>e</sup> same; and though he have been or seemed somwhat harsh + heretofore, yet now you shall find he is new moulded. I allso see by + your letter, you desire I should be your agente or factore hear. I have + ever found you so faithfull, honest, and upright men, as I have even + resolved with my selfe (God assisting me) to doe you all y<sup>e</sup> + good lyeth in my power; and therfore if you please to make choyse of so + weak a man, both for abillities and body, to performe your bussines, I + promise (y<sup>e</sup> Lord enabling me) to doe y<sup>e</sup> best I can + according to those abillities he hath given me; and wherin I faile, + blame your selves, y<sup>t</sup> you made no better choyce. Now, because + I am sickly, and we are all mortall, I have advised M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton to joyne M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp with me in your deputation, + which I conceive to be very necessary & good for you; your charge + shall be no more, for it is not your salarie maks me undertake your [156<a + name="FNanchor_CG_85" id="FNanchor_CG_85"></a><a href="#Footnote_CG_85" + class="fnanchor">[CG]</a>] bussines. Thus contending you & yours, + and all Gods people, unto y<sup>e</sup> guidance and protection of y<sup>e</sup> + Allmightie, I ever rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your faithfull loving freind, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley</span>.<a name="FNanchor_CH_86" + id="FNanchor_CH_86"></a><a href="#Footnote_CH_86" class="fnanchor">[CH]</a> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + London, Nov. 17. 1628. + </div> + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + With this leter they sent a draught of a formall deputation to be hear + sealed and sent back unto them, to authorise them as their agents, + according to what is mentioned in y<sup>e</sup> above said letter; and + because some inconvenience grue therby afterward I shall here inserte it. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + To all to whom these prēts shall come greeting; know yee that we, + William Bradford, Gov<sup>r</sup> of Plimoth, in N.E. in America, Isaak + Allerton, Myles Standish, William Brewster, & Ed: Winslow, of + Plimoth aforesaid, marchants, doe by these presents for us & in our + names, make, substitute, & appointe James Sherley, Goldsmith, & + John Beachamp, Salter, citizens of London, our true & lawfull + agents, factors, substitutes, & assignes; as well to take and + receive all such goods, wares, & marchandise what soever as to our + said substitutes or either of them, or to y<sup>e</sup> citie of London, + or other place of y<sup>e</sup> Relme of Engl: shall be sente, + transported, or come from us or any of us, as allso to vend, sell, + barter, or exchaing y<sup>e</sup> said goods, wares, and marchandise so + from time to time to be sent to such person or persons upon credite, or + other wise in such maner as to our said agents & factors joyently, + or to either of them severally shall seeme meete. And further we doe + make & ordaine our said substituts & assignes joyntly & + severally for us, & to our uses, & accounts, to buy and consigne + for and to us into New-Engl: aforesaid, such goods and marchandise to be + provided here, and to be returned hence, as by our said assignes, or + either of them, shall be thought fitt. And to recover, receive, and + demand for us & in our names all such debtes & sumes of money, + as now are or hereafter shall be due incidente accruing or belonging to + us, or any of us, by any wayes or means; and to acquite, discharge, or + compound for any debte or sume of money, which now or hereafter shall be + due or oweing by any person or persons to us, or any of us. And + generally for us & in our names to doe, performe, and execute every + acte & thing which to our said assignes, or either of them, shall + seeme meete to be done in or aboute y<sup>e</sup> premissies, as fully + & effectually, to all intents & purposes, as if we or any of us + were in person presente. And whatsoever our said agents & factors + joyntly or severally shall <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_279" + id="Page_279">[279]</a></span>doe, or cause to be done, in or aboute y<sup>e</sup> + premisses, we will & doe, & every of us doth ratife, alow, & + confirme, by these presents. In wittnes wherof we have here unto put our + hands & seals. Dated 18. Nov<sup>br</sup> 1628. + </p> + </div> + <p> + This was accordingly confirmed by the above named, and 4. more of the + cheefe of them under their hands & seals, and delivered unto them. + Also M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton formerly had authoritie under their hands + & seals for y<sup>e</sup> transacting of y<sup>e</sup> former + bussines, and taking up of moneys, &c. which still he retained whilst + he was imployed in these affaires; they mistrusting neither him nor any of + their freinds faithfullnes, which made them more remisse in looking to + shuch acts as had passed under their hands, as necessarie for y<sup>e</sup> + time; but letting them rune on to long unminded or recaled, it turned to + their harme afterwards, as will appere in its place. + </p> + <p> + [157] M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton having setled all things thus in a good and + hopfull way, he made hast to returne in y<sup>e</sup> first of y<sup>e</sup> + spring to be hear with their supply for trade, (for y<sup>e</sup> + fishermen with whom he came used to sett forth in winter & be here + betimes.) He brought a resonable supply of goods for y<sup>e</sup> + plantation, and without those great interests as before is noted; and + brought an accounte of y<sup>e</sup> beaver sould, and how y<sup>e</sup> + money was disposed for goods, & y<sup>e</sup> paymente of other + debtes, having paid all debts abroad to others, save to M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, & M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews; from whom + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span>likwise + he brought an accounte which to them all amounted not to above 400<sup>li</sup>. + for which he had passed bonds. Allso he had payed the first paymente for y<sup>e</sup> + purchass, being due for this year, viz. 200<sup>li</sup>. and brought them + y<sup>e</sup> bonde for y<sup>e</sup> same canselled; so as they now had + no more foreine debtes but y<sup>e</sup> abovesaid 400<sup>li</sup>. and + odde pownds, and y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> yearly purchass + monie. Some other debtes they had in y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie, but they were + without any intrest, & they had wherwith to discharge them when they + were due. To this pass the Lord had brought things for them. Also he + brought them further notice that their freinds, the abovenamed, & some + others that would joyne with them in y<sup>e</sup> trad & purchass, + did intend for to send over to Leyden, for a competente number of them, to + be hear the next year without fayle, if y<sup>e</sup> Lord pleased to + blesse their journey. He allso brought them a patente for Kenebeck, but it + was so straite & ill bounded, as they were faine to renew & + inlarge it the next year, as allso that which they had at home, to their + great charge, as will after appeare. Hithertoo M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton did + them good and faithfull service; and well had it been if he had so + continued, or els they had now ceased for imploying him any longer thus + into England. But of this more afterwards. + </p> + <p> + Having procured a patente (as is above said) for Kenebeck, they now + erected a house up above in y<sup>e</sup> river in y<sup>e</sup> most + convenientest place for trade, as they <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span>conceived, and furnished the + same with com̅odities for y<sup>t</sup> end, both winter & som̅er, + not only with corne, but also with such other commodities as y<sup>e</sup> + fishermen had traded with them, as coats, shirts, ruggs, & blankets, + biskett, pease, prunes, &c.; and what they could not have out of + England, they bought of the fishing ships, and so carried on their + bussines as well as they could. + </p> + <p> + This year the Dutch sent againe unto them from their plantation, both kind + leterss, and also diverse comodities, as suger, linen cloth, Holand finer + & courser stufes, &c. They came up with their barke to Manamete, + to their house ther, in which came their Secretarie Rasier; who was + accompanied with a noyse of trumpeters, and some other attendants; and + desired that they would send a boat for him, for he could not travill so + farr over land. So they sent a boat to Manonscussett, and brought him to y<sup>e</sup> + plantation, with y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of his company. And after some few + days entertainmente, he returned to his barke, and some of them wente with + him, and bought sundry of his goods; after which begining thus made, they + sente often times to y<sup>e</sup> same place, and had entercourse + togeather for diverce years; and amongst other comodities, they vended + [158] much tobaco for linen cloath, stuffs, &c., which was a good + benefite to y<sup>e</sup> people, till the Virginians found out their + plantation. But that which turned most to their profite, in time, was an + entrance into the trade of Wampampeake; for they <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span>now bought aboute 50<sup>li</sup>. + worth of it of them; and they tould them how vendable it was at their + forte Orania; and did perswade them they would find it so at Kenebeck; and + so it came to pass in time, though at first it stuck, & it was 2. + years before they could put of this small quantity, till y<sup>e</sup> + inland people knew of it; and afterwards they could scarce ever gett + enough for them, for many years togeather. And so this, with their other + provissions, cutt of they trade quite from y<sup>e</sup> fisher-men, and + in great part from other of y<sup>e</sup> stragling planters. And strange + it was to see the great allteration it made in a few years amonge y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans them selves; for all the Indeans of these parts, & y<sup>e</sup> + Massachussets, had none or very litle of it,<a name="FNanchor_CI_87" + id="FNanchor_CI_87"></a><a href="#Footnote_CI_87" class="fnanchor">[CI]</a> + but y<sup>e</sup> sachems & some spetiall persons that wore a litle of + it for ornamente. Only it was made & kepte amonge y<sup>e</sup> + Nariganssets, & Pequents, which grew rich & potent by it, and + these people were poore & begerly, and had no use of it. Neither did + the English of this plantation, or any other in y<sup>e</sup> land, till + now that they had knowledg of it from y<sup>e</sup> Dutch, so much as know + what it was, much less y<sup>t</sup> it was a com̅oditie of that + worth & valew. But after it grue thus to be a comoditie in these + parts, these Indeans fell into it allso, and to learne how to make it; for + y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets doe geather y<sup>e</sup> shells of which y<sup>ey</sup> + make it from their shors. And it hath now continued a current comoditie + aboute this <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span>20. + years, and it may prove a drugg in time. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time it + maks y<sup>e</sup> Indeans of these parts rich & power full and also + prowd therby; and fills them with peeces, powder, and shote, which no laws + can restraine, by reasone of y<sup>e</sup> bassnes of sundry unworthy + persons, both English, Dutch, & French, which may turne to y<sup>e</sup> + ruine of many. Hithertoo y<sup>e</sup> Indeans of these parts had no + peeces nor other armes but their bowes & arrowes, nor of many years + after; nether durst they scarce handle a gune, so much were they affraid + of them; and y<sup>e</sup> very sight of one (though out of kilter) was a + terrour unto them. But those Indeans to y<sup>e</sup> east parts, which + had com̅erce with y<sup>e</sup> French, got peces of them, and they + in the end made a commone trade of it; and in time our English fisher-men, + led with y<sup>e</sup> like covetoussnes, followed their example, for + their owne gaine; but upon complainte against them, it pleased the kings + majestie to prohibite y<sup>e</sup> same by a stricte proclaimation, + commanding that no sorte of armes, or munition, should by any of his + subjects be traded with them. + </p> + <p> + Aboute some 3. or 4. years before this time, ther came over one Captaine + Wolastone, (a man of pretie parts,) and with him 3. or 4. more of some + eminencie, who brought with them a great many servants, with provissions + & other implments for to begine a plantation; and pitched them selves + in a place within the Massachusets, which they called, after their + Captains <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span>name, + Mount-Wollaston. Amongst whom was one M<sup>r</sup>. Morton, who, it + should seeme, had some small adventure (of his owne or other mens) amongst + them; but had litle respecte [159] amongst them, and was sleghted by y<sup>e</sup> + meanest servants. Haveing continued ther some time, and not finding things + to answer their expectations, nor profite to arise as they looked for, + Captaine Wollaston takes a great part of y<sup>e</sup> sarvants, and + transports them to Virginia, wher he puts them of at good rates, selling + their time to other men; and writs back to one M<sup>r</sup>. Rassdall, + one of his cheefe partners, and accounted their marchant, to bring another + parte of them to Verginia likewise, intending to put them of ther as he + had done y<sup>e</sup> rest. And he, w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> consente + of y<sup>e</sup> said Rasdall, appoynted one Fitcher to be his + Livetenante, and governe y<sup>e</sup> remaines of y<sup>e</sup> + plantation, till he or Rasdall returned to take further order theraboute. + But this Morton abovesaid, haveing more craft then honestie, (who had been + a kind of petie-fogger, of Furnefells Inne,) in y<sup>e</sup> others + absence, watches an oppertunitie, (commons being but hard amongst them,) + and gott some strong drinck & other junkats, & made them a feast; + and after they were merie, he begane to tell them, he would give them good + counsell. You see (saith he) that many of your fellows are carried to + Virginia; and if you stay till this Rasdall returne, you will also be + carried away and sould for slaves with y<sup>e</sup> rest. Therfore I + would <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span>advise + you to thruste out this Levetenant Fitcher; and I, having a parte in the + plantation, will receive you as my partners and consociats; so may you be + free from service, and we will converse, trad, plante, & live + togeather as equalls, & supporte & protecte one another, or to + like effecte. This counsell was easily received; so they tooke + oppertunitie, and thrust Levetenante Fitcher out a dores, and would suffer + him to come no more amongst them, but forct him to seeke bread to eate, + and other releefe from his neigbours, till he could gett passages for + England. After this they fell to great licenciousnes, and led a dissolute + life, powering out them selves into all profanenes. And Morton became lord + of misrule, and maintained (as it were) a schoole of Athisme. And after + they had gott some good into their hands, and gott much by trading with y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans, they spent it as vainly, in quaffing & drinking both wine + & strong waters in great exsess, and, as some reported, 10<sup>li</sup>. + worth in a morning. They allso set up a May-pole, drinking and dancing + aboute it many days togeather, inviting the Indean women, for their + consorts, dancing and frisking togither, (like so many fairies, or furies + rather,) and worse practises. As if they had anew revived & celebrated + the feasts of y<sup>e</sup> Roman Goddes Flora, or y<sup>e</sup> beasly + practieses of y<sup>e</sup> madd Bacchinalians. Morton likwise (to shew + his poetrie) composed sundry rimes & verses, some tending to + lasciviousnes, and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span>others + to y<sup>e</sup> detraction & scandall of some persons, which he + affixed to this idle or idoll May-polle. They chainged allso the name of + their place, and in stead of calling it Mounte Wollaston, they call it + Merie-mounte, [160] as if this joylity would have lasted ever. But this + continued not long, for after Morton was sent for England, (as follows to + be declared,) shortly after came over that worthy gentlman, M<sup>r</sup>. + John Indecott, who brought over a patent under y<sup>e</sup> broad seall, + for y<sup>e</sup> govermente of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, who visiting + those parts caused y<sup>t</sup> May-polle to be cutt downe, and rebuked + them for their profannes, and admonished them to looke ther should be + better walking; so they now, or others, changed y<sup>e</sup> name of + their place againe, and called it Mounte-Dagon. + </p> + <p> + Now to maintaine this riotous prodigallitie and profuse excess, Morton, + thinking him selfe lawless, and hearing what gaine y<sup>e</sup> French + & fisher-men made by trading of peeces, powder, & shotte to y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans, he, as y<sup>e</sup> head of this consortship, begane y<sup>e</sup> + practise of y<sup>e</sup> same in these parts; and first he taught them + how to use them, to charge, & discharg, and what proportion of powder + to give y<sup>e</sup> peece, according to y<sup>e</sup> sise or bignes of + y<sup>e</sup> same; and what shotte to use for foule, and what for deare. + And having thus instructed them, he imployed some of them to hunte & + fowle for him, so as they became farr more active in that imploymente then + any of y<sup>e</sup> English, by reason of ther <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span>swiftnes of foote, & + nimblnes of body, being also quick-sighted, and by continuall exercise + well knowing y<sup>e</sup> hants of all sorts of game. So as when they saw + y<sup>e</sup> execution that a peece would doe, and y<sup>e</sup> benefite + that might come by y<sup>e</sup> same, they became madd, as it were, after + them, and would not stick to give any prise they could attaine too for + them; accounting their bowes & arrowes but bables in comparison of + them. + </p> + <p> + And here I may take occasion to bewaile y<sup>e</sup> mischefe that this + wicked man began in these parts, and which since base covetousnes + prevailing in men that should know better, has now at length gott y<sup>e</sup> + upper hand, and made this thing com̅one, notwithstanding any laws to + y<sup>e</sup> contrary; so as y<sup>e</sup> Indeans are full of peeces all + over, both fouling peeces, muskets, pistols, &c. They have also their + moulds to make shotte, of all sorts, as muskett bulletts, pistoll bullets, + swane & gose shote, & of smaler sorts; yea, some have seen them + have their scruplats to make scrupins them selves, when they wante them, + with sundery other implements, wherwith they are ordinarily better fited + & furnished then y<sup>e</sup> English them selves. Yea, it is well + knowne that they will have powder & shot, when the English want it, + nor cannot gett it; and y<sup>t</sup> in a time of warr or danger, as + experience hath manifested, that when lead hath been scarce, and men for + their owne defence would gladly have given a groat a l which is dear + enoughe, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span>yet + hath it bene bought up & sent to other places, and sould to shuch as + trade it with y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, at 12. pence y<sup>e</sup> li.; and + it is like they give 3. or 4.<sup>s</sup> y<sup>e</sup> pound, for they + will have it at any rate. And these things have been done in y<sup>e</sup> + same times, when some of their neigbours & freinds are daly killed by + y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, or are in deanger therof, and live but at y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans mercie. [161] Yea, some (as they have aquainted them with all + other things) have tould them how gunpowder is made, and all y<sup>e</sup> + materialls in it, and that they are to be had in their owne land; and I am + confidente, could they attaine to make saltpeter, they would teach them to + make powder. O the horiblnes of this vilanie! how many both Dutch & + English have been latly slaine by those Indeans, thus furnished; and no + remedie provided, nay, y<sup>e</sup> evill more increased, and y<sup>e</sup> + blood of their brethren sould for gaine, as is to be feared; and in what + danger all these colonies are in is too well known. Oh! that princes & + parlements would take some timly order to prevente this mischeefe, and at + length to suppress it, by some exemplerie punishmente upon some of these + gaine thirstie murderers, (for they deserve no better title,) before their + collonies in these parts be over throwne by these barbarous savages, thus + armed with their owne weapons, by these evill instruments, and traytors to + their neigbors and cuntrie. But I have forgott my selfe, and have been to + longe in this digression; but now to returne. This Morton having <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span>thus + taught them y<sup>e</sup> use of peeces, he sould them all he could spare; + and he and his consorts detirmined to send for many out of England, and + had by some of y<sup>e</sup> ships sente for above a score. The which + being knowne, and his neigbours meeting y<sup>e</sup> Indeans in y<sup>e</sup> + woods armed with guns in this sorte, it was a terrour unto them, who lived + straglingly, and were of no strenght in any place. And other places + (though more remote) saw this mischeefe would quietly spread over all, if + not prevented. Besides, they saw they should keep no servants, for Morton + would entertaine any, how vile soever, and all y<sup>e</sup> scume of y<sup>e</sup> + countrie, or any discontents, would flock to him from all places, if this + nest was not broken; and they should stand in more fear of their lives + & goods (in short time) from this wicked & deboste crue, then from + y<sup>e</sup> salvages them selves. + </p> + <p> + So sundrie of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> stragling plantations, + meeting togither, agreed by mutuall consente to sollissite those of + Plimoth (who were then of more strength then them all) to joyne with them, + to prevente y<sup>e</sup> further grouth of this mischeefe, and suppress + Morton & his consortes before y<sup>ey</sup> grewe to further head and + strength. Those that joyned in this acction (and after contributed to the + charge of sending him for England) were from Pascataway, Namkeake, + Winisimett, Weesagascusett, Natasco, and other places wher any English + were seated. Those of Plimoth being thus sought too by their messengers + & <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span>letters, + and waying both their reasons, and the com̅one danger, were willing + to afford them their help; though them selves had least cause of fear or + hurte. So, to be short, they first resolved joyntly to write to him, and + in a freindly & neigborly way to admonish him to forbear these + courses, & sent a messenger with their letters to bring his answer. + But he was so highe as he scorned all advise, and asked who had to doe + with him; he had and would trade peeces with y<sup>e</sup> Indeans in + dispite of all, with many other scurillous termes full of disdaine. They + sente to him a second time, and bad him be better advised, and more + temperate in his termes, for y<sup>e</sup> countrie could not beare y<sup>e</sup> + injure he did; it was against their comone saftie, and against y<sup>e</sup> + king's proclamation. He answerd in high terms as before, and that y<sup>e</sup> + kings proclamation was no law; demanding what penaltie was upon it. It was + answered, more then he could [162] bear, his majesties displeasure. But + insolently he persisted, and said y<sup>e</sup> king was dead and his + displeasure with him, & many y<sup>e</sup> like things; and threatened + withall that if any came to molest him, let them looke to them selves, for + he would prepare for them. Upon which they saw ther was no way but to take + him by force; and having so farr proceeded, now to give over would make + him farr more hautie & insolente. So they mutually resolved to + proceed, and obtained of y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> of Plimoth to send + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span>Captaine + Standish, & some other aide with him, to take Morton by force. The + which accordingly was done; but they found him to stand stifly in his + defence, having made fast his dors, armed his consorts, set diverse dishes + of powder & bullets ready on y<sup>e</sup> table; and if they had not + been over armed with drinke, more hurt might have been done. They som̅aned + him to yeeld, but he kept his house, and they could gett nothing but + scofes & scorns from him; but at length, fearing they would doe some + violence to y<sup>e</sup> house, he and some of his crue came out, but not + to yeeld, but to shoote; but they were so steeld with drinke as their + peeces were to heavie for them; him selfe with a carbine (over charged + & allmost halfe fild with powder & shote, as was after found) had + thought to have shot Captaine Standish; but he stept to him, & put by + his peece, & tooke him. Neither was ther any hurte done to any of + either side, save y<sup>t</sup> one was so drunke y<sup>t</sup> he rane + his owne nose upon y<sup>e</sup> pointe of a sword y<sup>t</sup> one held + before him as he entred y<sup>e</sup> house; but he lost but a litle of + his hott blood. Morton they brought away to Plimoth, wher he was kepte, + till a ship went from y<sup>e</sup> Ile of Shols for England, with which + he was sente to y<sup>e</sup> Counsell of New-England; and letters writen + to give them information of his course & cariage; and also one was + sent at their com̅one charge to informe their Ho<sup>rs</sup> more + perticulerly, & to prosecute against him. But he foold of y<sup>e</sup> + messenger, after he was gone <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_292" + id="Page_292">[292]</a></span>from hence, and though he wente for England, + yet nothing was done to him, not so much as rebukte, for ought was heard; + but returned y<sup>e</sup> nexte year. Some of y<sup>e</sup> worst of y<sup>e</sup> + company were disperst, and some of y<sup>e</sup> more modest kepte y<sup>e</sup> + house till he should be heard from. But I have been too long aboute so + un-worthy a person, and bad a cause. + </p> + <p> + This year M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton brought over a yonge man for a minister + to y<sup>e</sup> people hear, wheather upon his owne head, or at y<sup>e</sup> + motion of some freinds ther, I well know not, but it was without y<sup>e</sup> + churches sending; for they had bene so bitten by M<sup>r</sup>. Lyford, as + they desired to know y<sup>e</sup> person well whom they should invite + amongst them. His name was M<sup>r</sup>. Rogers; but they perceived, upon + some triall, that he was crased in his braine; so they were faine to be at + further charge to send him back againe y<sup>e</sup> nexte year, and loose + all y<sup>e</sup> charge that was expended in his hither bringing, which + was not smalle by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's accounte, in provissions, + aparell, bedding, &c. After his returne he grue quite distracted, and + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton was much blamed y<sup>t</sup> he would bring such + a man over, they having charge enough otherwise. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, in y<sup>e</sup> years before, had brought over + some small quantie of goods, upon his owne perticuler, and sould them for + his owne private benefite; which was more then any man had yet hithertoo + attempted. But because he had other wise done them good service, <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span>and also + he sould them among y<sup>e</sup> people at y<sup>e</sup> plantation, by + which their wants were supplied, and he aledged it was the [163] love of M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley and some other freinds that would needs trust him with some goods, + conceiveing it might doe him some good, and none hurte, it was not much + lookt at, but past over. But this year he brought over a greater + quantitie, and they were so intermixte with y<sup>e</sup> goods of y<sup>e</sup> + generall, as they knew not which were theirs, & w<sup>ch</sup> was + his, being pact up together; so as they well saw that, if any casualty had + beefalne at sea, he might have laid y<sup>e</sup> whole on them, if he + would; for ther was no distinction. Allso what was most vendible, and + would yeeld presente pay, usualy that was his; and he now begane allso to + sell abroad to others of forine places, which, considering their com̅one + course, they began to dislike. Yet because love thinkes no evill, nor is + susspitious, they tooke his faire words for excuse, and resolved to send + him againe this year for England; considering how well he had done y<sup>e</sup> + former bussines, and what good acceptation he had with their freinds ther; + as also seeing sundry of their freinds from Leyden were sente for, which + would or might be much furthered by his means. Againe, seeing the patente + for Kenebeck must be inlarged, by reason of y<sup>e</sup> former mistaks + in the bounding of it, and it was conceived, in a maner, y<sup>e</sup> + same charge would serve to inlarge this at home with it, and he that had + begane <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + former y<sup>e</sup> last year would be y<sup>e</sup> fittest to effecte + this; so they gave him instructions and sente him for England this year + againe. And in his instructions bound him to bring over no goods on their + accounte, but 50<sup>li</sup>. in hose & shoes, and some linen cloth, + (as y<sup>ey</sup> were bound by covenante when they tooke y<sup>e</sup> + trad;) also some trading goods to such a value; and in no case to exseed + his instructions, nor run̅e them into any further charge; he well + knowing how their state stood. Also y<sup>t</sup> he should so provide y<sup>t</sup> + their trading goods came over betimes, and what so ever was sent on their + accounte should be pact up by it selfe, marked with their marke, and no + other goods to be mixed with theirs. For so he prayed them to give him + such instructions as they saw good, and he would folow them, to prevente + any jellocie or farther offence, upon the former forementioned dislikes. + And thus they conceived they had well provided for all things. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1629" id="a1629"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1629.</i> + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton safly arriving in England, and delivering his + leters to their freinds their, and aquainting them with his instructions, + found good acceptation with them, and they were very forward & willing + to joyne with them in y<sup>e</sup> partnership of trade, & in y<sup>e</sup> + charge to send over y<sup>e</sup> Leyden people; a company wherof were + allready come out of Holand, and prepared to come over, and so were sent + away before M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span>could be ready to come. They + had passage with y<sup>e</sup> ships that came to Salem, that brought over + many godly persons to begine y<sup>e</sup> plantations & churches of + Christ ther, & in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of Massachussets; so their long + stay & keeping back [164] was recompensed by y<sup>e</sup> Lord to + ther freinds here with a duble blessing, in that they not only injoyed + them now beyond ther late expectation, (when all their hops seemed to be + cutt of,) but, with them, many more godly freinds & Christian + breethren, as y<sup>e</sup> begining of a larger harvest unto y<sup>e</sup> + Lord, in y<sup>e</sup> increase of his churches & people in these + parts, to y<sup>e</sup> admiration of many, and allmost wonder of y<sup>e</sup> + world; that of so small beginings so great things should insue, as time + after manifested; and that here should be a resting place for so many of y<sup>e</sup> + Lords people, when so sharp a scourge came upon their owne nation. But it + was y<sup>e</sup> Lords doing, & it ought to be marvellous in our + eyes. + </p> + <p> + But I shall hear inserte some of their freinds letters, which doe best + expresse their owne minds in these thir proceedings. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>A leter of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>.</i> + </p> + <p class="ltr_dt"> + May 25, 1629.<a name="FNanchor_CJ_88" id="FNanchor_CJ_88"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CJ_88" class="fnanchor">[CJ]</a> + </p> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: &c. Here are now many of your and our freinds from + Leyden coming over, who, though for y<sup>e</sup> most parte be but a + weak company, yet herein is a good parte of that <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span>end obtained which was + aimed at, and which hath been so strongly opposed by some of our former + adventurers. But God hath his working in these things, which man cannot + frustrate. With them we have allso sent some servants in y<sup>e</sup> + ship called the Talbut, that wente hence latly; but these come in y<sup>e</sup> + May-flower. M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp & my selfe, with M<sup>r</sup>. + Andrews & M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherly, are, with your love and liking, + joyned partners with you, &c. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + Your deputation we have received, and y<sup>e</sup> goods have been + taken up & sould by your friend & agente, M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton, my selfe having bine nere 3. months in Holland, at Amsterdam + & other parts in y<sup>e</sup> Low-Countries. I see further the + agreemente you have made with y<sup>e</sup> generallitie, in which I + cannot understand but you have done very well, both for them & you, + and also for your freinds at Leyden. M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, M<sup>r</sup>. + Andrews, M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, & my selfe, doe so like and + approve of it, as we are willing to joyne with you, and, God directing + and inabling us, will be assisting and helpfull to you, y<sup>e</sup> + best y<sup>t</sup> possiblie we can. Nay, had you not taken this course, + I doe not see how you should accomplish y<sup>e</sup> end you first + aimed at, and some others indevored these years past. We know it must + keep us from y<sup>e</sup> profite, which otherwise by y<sup>e</sup> + blessing of God and your indeaours, might be gained; for most of those + that came in May, & these now sente, though I hope honest & good + people, yet not like to be helpfull to raise profite, but rather, ney, + certaine must, some while, be chargable to you & us; at which it is + lickly, had not this wise & discreete course been taken, many of + your generalitie would have grudged. Againe, you say well in your + letter, and I make no doubte but you will performe it, that now being + but a few, on whom y<sup>e</sup> burthen must be, you will both menage + it y<sup>e</sup> beter, and sett too it more cherfully, haveing no + discontente nor <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span>contradiction, + but so lovingly to joyne togeither, in affection and counsell, as God no + doubte will blesse and prosper your honest labours & indeavors. And + therfore in all respects I doe not see but you have done marvelously + discreetly, & advisedly, and no doubt but it gives all parties good + contente; I mean y<sup>t</sup> are reasonable & honest men, such as + make conscience of giving y<sup>e</sup> best satisfaction they be able + for their debts, and y<sup>t</sup> regard not their owne perticuler so + much as y<sup>e</sup> accomplishing of y<sup>t</sup> good end for which + this bussines was first intended, &c. Thus desiring y<sup>e</sup> + Lord to blese & prosper you, & all yours, and all our honest + endeavors, I rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Your unfained & ever loving friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Lon: March 8. 1629.<a name="FNanchor_CK_89" id="FNanchor_CK_89"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CK_89" class="fnanchor">[CK]</a> + </div> + </div> + <p> + [165] That I may handle things together, I have put these 2. companies + that came from Leyden in this place; though they came at 2. severall + times, yet they both came out of England this year. The former company, + being 35. persons, were shiped in May, and arived here aboute August. The + later were shiped in y<sup>e</sup> begining of March, and arived hear y<sup>e</sup> + later end of May, 1630. M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys 2. letters, y<sup>e</sup> + effect wherof I have before related, (as much of them as is pertinente,) + mentions both. Their charge, as M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton brought it in + afterwards on accounte, came to above 550<sup>li</sup>. besids ther + fetching hither from Salem & y<sup>e</sup> Bay, wher they and their + goods were landed; viz. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_298" + id="Page_298">[298]</a></span>their transportation from Holland to + England, & their charges lying ther, and passages hither, with + clothing provided for them. For I find by accounte for y<sup>e</sup> one + company, 125. yeards of karsey, 127. ellons of linen cloath, shoes, 66. p̲<sup>r</sup>, + with many other perticulers. The charge of y<sup>e</sup> other company is + reckoned on y<sup>e</sup> severall families, some 50<sup>li</sup>., some + 40<sup>li</sup>., some 30<sup>li</sup>., and so more or less, as their + number & expencess were. And besids all this charg, their freinds + & bretheren here were to provid corne & other provissions for + them, till they could reap a crope which was long before. Those that came + in May were thus maintained upward of 16. or 18. months, before they had + any harvest of their owne, & y<sup>e</sup> other by proportion. And + all they could doe in y<sup>e</sup> mean time was to gett them some + housing, and prepare them grounds to plant on, against the season. And + this charg of maintaining them all this while was litle less then y<sup>e</sup> + former sume. These things I note more perticulerly, for sundry regards. + First, to shew a rare example herein of brotherly love, and Christian care + in performing their promises and covenants to their bretheren, too, & + in a sorte beyonde their power; that they should venture so desperatly to + ingage them selves to accomplish this thing, and bear it so cheerfully; + for they never demanded, much less had, any repaymente of all these great + sumes thus disbursed. 2<sup>ly</sup>. It must needs be that ther was more + then of man in these acheevements, that should thus readily stire up <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + harts of shuch able frinds to joyne in partnership with them in shuch a + case, and cleave so faithfullie to them as these did, in so great + adventures; and the more because the most of them never saw their faces to + this day; ther being neither kindred, aliance, or other acquaintance or + relations betweene any of them, then hath been before mentioned; it must + needs be therfore the spetiall worke and hand of God. 3<sup>ly</sup>. That + these poore people here in a wilderness should, notwithstanding, be + inabled in time to repay all these ingagments, and many more unjustly + brought upon them through the unfaithfullnes of some, and many other great + losses which they sustained, which will be made manifest, if y<sup>e</sup> + Lord be pleased to give life and time. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time, I + cannot but admire his ways and workes towards his servants, and humbly + desire to blesse his holy name for his great mercies hithertoo. + </p> + <p> + [166] The Leyden people being thus come over, and sundry of y<sup>e</sup> + generalitie seeing & hearing how great y<sup>e</sup> charg was like to + be that was that way to be expended, they begane to murmure and repine at + it, notwithstanding y<sup>e</sup> burden lay on other mens shoulders; + espetially at y<sup>e</sup> paying of y<sup>e</sup> 3. bushells of corne a + year, according to y<sup>e</sup> former agreemente, when y<sup>e</sup> + trad was lett for y<sup>e</sup> 6. years aforesaid. But to give them + contente herein allso, it was promised them, that if they could doe it in + y<sup>e</sup> time without it, they would never demand it of them; which + gave them good contente. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_300" + id="Page_300">[300]</a></span>And indeed it never was paid, as will + appeare by y<sup>e</sup> sequell. + </p> + <p> + Concerning M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons proceedings about y<sup>e</sup> + inlarging & confirming of their patent, both y<sup>t</sup> at home + & Kenebeck, will best appere by another leter of M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherleys; for though much time & money was expended aboute it, yet he + left it unaccomplisht this year, and came without it. See M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherleys letter. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Most worthy & loving freinds, &c. + </p> + <p> + Some of your letters I received in July, & some since by M<sup>r</sup>. + Peirce, but till our maine bussines, y<sup>e</sup> patent, was granted, + I could not setle my mind nor pen to writing. M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton + was so turrmoyled about it, as verily I would not nor could not have + undergone it, if I might have had a thousand pounds; but y<sup>e</sup> + Lord so blessed his labours (even beyond expectation in these evill + days) as he obtained y<sup>e</sup> love & favore of great men in + repute & place. He got granted from y<sup>e</sup> Earle of Warwick + & S<sup>r</sup>. Ferdinando Gorge all that M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow + desired in his letters to me, & more also, which I leave to him to + relate. Then he sued to y<sup>e</sup> king to confirme their grante, and + to make you a corporation, and so to inable you to make & execute + lawes, in such large & ample maner as y<sup>e</sup> Massachusett + plantation hath it; which y<sup>e</sup> king graciously granted, + referring it to y<sup>e</sup> Lord Keeper to give order to y<sup>e</sup> + solisiter to draw it up, if ther were a presidente for it. So y<sup>e</sup> + Lord Keeper furthered it all he could, and allso y<sup>e</sup> + solissiter; but as Festus said to Paule, With no small sume of money + obtained I this freedom; for by y<sup>e</sup> way many ridells must be + resolved, and many locks must be opened with y<sup>e</sup> silver, ney, + y<sup>e</sup> golden key. Then it was to come to y<sup>e</sup> Lord + Treasurer, to have his warrente <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_301" + id="Page_301">[301]</a></span>for freeing y<sup>e</sup> custume for a + certaine time; but be would not doe it, but refferd it to y<sup>e</sup> + Counsell table. And ther M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton atended day by day, + when they sate, but could not gett his petition read. And by reason of M<sup>r</sup>. + Peirce his staying with all y<sup>e</sup> passengers at Bristoll, he was + forct to leave y<sup>e</sup> further prosecuting of it to a solissiter. + But ther is no fear nor doubte but it will be granted, for he hath y<sup>e</sup> + cheefe of them to freind; yet it will be marvelously needfull for him to + returne by y<sup>e</sup> first ship y<sup>t</sup> comes from thence; for + if you had this confirmed, then were you compleate, and might bear such + sway & goverment as were fitt for your ranke & place y<sup>t</sup> + God hath called you unto; and stope y<sup>e</sup> moueths of base and + scurrulous fellowes, y<sup>t</sup> are ready to question & threaten + you in every action you [167] doe. And besids, if you have y<sup>e</sup> + custome free for 7. years inward, & 21. outward, y<sup>e</sup> + charge of y<sup>e</sup> patent will be soone recovered, and ther is no + fear of obtaining<a name="FNanchor_CL_90" id="FNanchor_CL_90"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CL_90" class="fnanchor">[CL]</a> it. But such things + must work by degrees; men cannot hasten it as they would; werefore we (I + write in behalfe of all our partners here) desire you to be ernest with + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton to come, and his wife to spare him this one year + more, to finish this great & waighty bussines, which we conceive + will be much for your good, & I hope for your posteritie, and for + many generations to come. + </p> + </div> + <p> + Thus much of this letter. It was dated y<sup>e</sup> 19. March, 1629. + </p> + <p> + By which it appears what progress was made herein, & in part what + charge it was, and how left unfinished, and some reason of y<sup>e</sup> + same; but in truth (as was <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_302" + id="Page_302">[302]</a></span>afterwards appehended) the meaine reason was + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's policie, to have an opportunitie to be sent over + againe, for other regards; and for that end procured them thus to write. + For it might then well enough have been finshed, if not with y<sup>t</sup> + clause aboute y<sup>e</sup> custumes, which was M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons + & M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys device, and not at all thought on by y<sup>e</sup> + colony here, nor much regarded, yet it might have been done without it, + without all queston, having passed y<sup>e</sup> kings hand; nay it was + conceived it might then have beene done with it, if he had pleased; but + covetousnes never brings ought home, as y<sup>e</sup> proverb is, for this + oppertunytie being lost, it was never accomplished, but a great deale of + money veainly & lavishly cast away aboute it, as doth appear upon + their accounts. But of this more in its place. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Alerton gave them great and just ofence in this (which I + had omited<a name="FNanchor_CM_91" id="FNanchor_CM_91"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CM_91" class="fnanchor">[CM]</a> and almost forgotten),—in + bringing over this year, for base gaine, that unworthy man, and + instrumente of mischeefe, Morton, who was sent home but y<sup>e</sup> year + before for his misdemenors. He not only brought him over, but to y<sup>e</sup> + towne (as it were to nose them), and lodged him at his owne house, and for + a while used him as a scribe to doe his bussines, till he was caused to + pack him away. So he wente to his old nest in y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, + wher it was not long <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span>but + by his miscariage he gave them just occation to lay hands on him; and he + was by them againe sent prisoner into England, wher he lay a good while in + Exeter Jeole. For besids his miscariage here, he was vemently suspected + for y<sup>e</sup> murder of a man that had adventured moneys with him, + when he came first into New-England. And a warrente was sente from y<sup>e</sup> + Lord Cheefe Justice to apprehend him, by vertue wherof he was by the Gov<sup>r</sup> + of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets sent into England; and for other his + misdemenors amongst them, they demolisht his house, that it might be no + longer a roost for shuch unclaine birds to nestle in. Yet he got free + againe, and write an infamouse & scurillous booke against many godly + & cheefe men of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie; full of lyes & slanders, + and fraight with profane callumnies against their names and persons, and y<sup>e</sup> + ways of God. After sundry years, when y<sup>e</sup> warrs were hott in + England, he came againe into y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie, and was imprisoned at + Boston for this booke and other things, being grown old in wickednes. + </p> + <p> + Concerning y<sup>e</sup> rest of M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons instructions, in + which they strictly injoyned him not to exceed above y<sup>t</sup> 50<sup>li</sup>. + in y<sup>e</sup> goods before mentioned, not to bring any but trading com̅odities, + he followed them not at all, but did the quite contrarie; bringing over + many other sorts of retaile goods, selling what he could by the way on his + owne accounte, and delivering the rest, which he said to be theirs, into y<sup>e</sup> + store; and for <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span>trading + goods brought but litle in comparison; excusing the matter, they had laid + out much about y<sup>e</sup> Laiden people, & patent, &c. And for + other goods, they had much of them of ther owne dealings, without present + disbursemente, & to like effect. And as for passing his bounds & + instructions, he laid it on M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, &c., who, he said, + they might see his mind in his leters; also that they had sett out Ashley + at great charg; but next year they should have what trading goods they + would send for, if things were now well setled, &c. And thus were they + put off; indeed M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley write things tending this way, but + it is like he was overruled by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, and harkened more + to him then to their letters from hence. + </p> + <p> + Thus he further writs in y<sup>e</sup> former leter. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + I see what you write in your leters concerning y<sup>e</sup> over-com̅ing + & paying of our debts, which I confess are great, and had need be + carfully looked unto; yet no doubt but we, joyning in love, may soone + over-come them; but we must follow it roundly & to purposs, for if + we pedle out y<sup>e</sup> time of our trad, others will step in and + nose us. But we know y<sup>t</sup> you have y<sup>t</sup> aquaintance + & experience in y<sup>e</sup> countrie, as none have the like; + wherfore, freinds & partners, be no way discouraged with y<sup>e</sup> + greatnes of y<sup>e</sup> debt, &c., but let us not fulfill y<sup>e</sup> + proverbe, to bestow 12<sup>d</sup>. on a purse, and put 6<sup>d</sup>. + [168] in it; but as you and we have been at great charg, and undergone + much for setling you ther, and to gaine experience, so as God shall + enable us, let us make use of it. And think not with 50<sup>li</sup>. + pound a yeare sent you over, to rayse shuch means as to pay our debts. + We see a possibillitie <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_305" + id="Page_305">[305]</a></span>of good if you be well supplied, and fully + furnished; and cheefly if you lovingly agree. I know I write to godly + and wise men, such as have lerned to bear one an others infirmities, and + rejoyce at any ones prosperities; and if I were able I would press this + more, because it is hoped by some of your enimies, that you will fall + out one with another, and so over throw your hopfull bussines. Nay, I + have heard it crediblie reported, y<sup>t</sup> some have said, that + till you be disjoynted by discontents & factions<a + name="FNanchor_CN_92" id="FNanchor_CN_92"></a><a href="#Footnote_CN_92" + class="fnanchor">[CN]</a> amongst your sellves, it bootes not any to goe + over, in hope of getting or doing good in those parts. But we hope beter + things of you, and that you will not only bear one with another, but + banish such thoughts, and not suffer them to lodg in your brests. God + grant you may disappointe y<sup>e</sup> hopes of your foes, and procure + y<sup>e</sup> hartie desire of your selves & freinds in this + perticuler. + </p> + </div> + <p> + By this it appears that ther was a kind of concurrance betweene M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton and them in these things, and that they gave more regard to his + way & course in these things, then to y<sup>e</sup> advise from hence; + which made him bould to presume above his instructions, and to rune on in + y<sup>e</sup> course he did, to their greater hurt afterwards, as will + appear. These things did much trouble them hear, but they well knew not + how to help it, being loath to make any breach or contention hear aboute; + being so premonished as before in y<sup>e</sup> leter above recited. An + other more secrete cause was herewith concurrente; M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton + had maried y<sup>e</sup> daughter of their Reverend Elder, M<sup>r</sup>. + Brewster (a man beloved <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_306" + id="Page_306">[306]</a></span>& honoured amongst them, and who tooke + great paines in teaching & dispenceing y<sup>e</sup> word of God unto + them), whom they were loath to greeve or any way offend, so as they bore + with much in that respecte. And with all M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton carried + so faire with him, and procured such leters from M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley to + him, with shuch applause of M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons wisdom, care, and + faithfullnes, in y<sup>e</sup> bussines; and as things stood none were so + fitte to send aboute them as he; and if any should suggest other wise, it + was rather out of envie, or some other sinister respecte then other wise. + Besids, though private gaine, I doe perswade my selfe, was some cause to + lead M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton aside in these beginings, yet I thinke, or at + least charitie caries me to hope, that he intended to deale faithfully + with them in y<sup>e</sup> maine, and had such an opinion of his owne + abillitie, and some experience of y<sup>e</sup> benefite that he had made + in this singuler way, as he conceived he might both raise him selfe an + estate, and allso be a means to bring in such profite to M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley, (and it may be y<sup>e</sup> rest,) as might be as lickly to + bring in their moneys againe with advantage, and it may be sooner then + from the generall way; or at least it was looked upon by some of them to + be a good help ther unto; and that neither he nor any other did intend to + charge y<sup>e</sup> generall accounte with any thing that rane in + perticuler; or y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley or any other did + purposs but y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> generall should be first & + fully supplyed. I say charitie <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_307" + id="Page_307">[307]</a></span>makes me thus conceive; though things fell + out other wise, and they missed of their aimes, and y<sup>e</sup> generall + suffered abundantly hereby, as will afterwards apear. + </p> + <p> + [169] Togeither herewith sorted an other bussines contrived by M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton and them ther, w<sup>th</sup>out any knowledg of y<sup>e</sup> + partners, and so farr proceeded in as they were constrained to allow + therof, and joyne in y<sup>e</sup> same, though they had no great liking + of it, but feared what might be y<sup>e</sup> evente of y<sup>e</sup> + same. I shall relate it in a further part of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's + leter as foloweth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + I am to aquainte you that we have thought good to joyne with one Edward + Ashley (a man I thinke y<sup>t</sup> some of you know); but it is only + of y<sup>t</sup> place wherof he hath a patente in M<sup>r</sup>. + Beachamps name; and to that end have furnished him with larg + provissions, &c. Now if you please to be partners with us in this, + we are willing you shall; for after we heard how forward Bristoll men + (and as I hear some able men of his owne kindrid) have been to stock + & supply him, hoping of profite, we thought it fitter for us to lay + hould of such an opportunitie, and to keep a kind of run̅ing + plantation, then others who have not borne y<sup>e</sup> burthen of + setling a plantation, as we have done. And he, on y<sup>e</sup> other + side, like an understanding yonge man, thought it better to joyne with + those y<sup>t</sup> had means by a plantation to supply & back him + ther, rather then strangers, that looke but only after profite. Now it + is not knowne that you are partners with him; but only we 4., M<sup>r</sup>. + Andrews, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, my selfe, & M<sup>r</sup>. + Hatherley, who desired to have y<sup>e</sup> patente, in consideration + of our great loss we have allready sustained in setling y<sup>e</sup> + first plantation ther; so we agreed togeather to <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span>take it in our names. And + now, as I said before, if you please to joyne with us, we are willing + you should. M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had no power from you to make this + new contracte, neither was he willing to doe any thing therin without + your consente & approbation. M<sup>r</sup>. William Peirce is joyned + with us in this, for we thought it very conveniente, because of landing + Ashley and his goods ther, if God please; and he will bend his course + accordingly. He hath a new boate with him, and boards to make another, + with 4. or 5. lustie fellowes, wherof one is a carpenter. Now in case + you are not willing in this perticuler to joyne with us, fearing y<sup>e</sup> + charge & doubting y<sup>e</sup> success, yet thus much we intreate + of you, to afford him all the help you can, either by men, commodities, + or boats; yet not but y<sup>t</sup> we will pay you for any thing he + hath. And we desire you to keep y<sup>e</sup> accounts apart, though you + joyne with us; becase ther is, as you see, other partners in this then y<sup>e</sup> + other; so, for all mens wages, boats-hire, or comodities, which we shall + have of you, make him debtore for it; and what you shall have of him, + make y<sup>e</sup> plantation or your selves debtore for it to him, and + so ther will need no mingling of y<sup>e</sup> accounts. + </p> + <p> + And now, loving freinds & partners, if you joyne in Ashles patent + & bussines, though we have laid out y<sup>e</sup> money and taken up + much to stock this bussines & the other, yet I thinke it + conscionable and reasonable y<sup>t</sup> you should beare your shares + and proportion of y<sup>e</sup> stock, if not by present money, yet by + securing us for so much as it shall come too; for it is not barly y<sup>e</sup> + interest that is to be alowed & considered of, but allso y<sup>e</sup> + adventure; though I hope in God, by his blessing & your honest + indeavors, it may soon be payed; yet y<sup>e</sup> years y<sup>t</sup> + this partnership holds is not long, nor many; let all therfore lay it to + harte, and make y<sup>e</sup> best use of y<sup>e</sup> time that + possiblie we cann, and let every man <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span>put too his shoulder, and + y<sup>e</sup> burthen will be the lighter. I know you are so honest + & conscionable men, as you will consider hereof, [170] and returne + shuch an answer as may give good satisfaction. Ther is none of us that + would venture as we have done, were it not to strengthen & setle you + more then our owne perticuler profite. + </p> + <p> + Ther is no liclyhood of doing any good in buying y<sup>e</sup> debte for + y<sup>e</sup> purchas. I know some will not abate y<sup>e</sup> + interest, and therfore let it rune its course; they are to be paied + yearly, and so I hope they shall, according to agreemente. The Lord + grant y<sup>t</sup> our loves & affections may still be united, and + knit togeither; and so we rest your ever loving friends, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Timothy Hatherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Bristoll, March 19. 1629. + </div> + </div> + <p> + This mater of y<sup>e</sup> buying y<sup>e</sup> debts of y<sup>e</sup> + purchass was parte of M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons instructions, and in many + of them it might have been done to good profite for ready pay (as some + were); but M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley had no mind to it. But this bussines + aboute Ashley did not a litle trouble them; for though he had wite & + abillitie enough to menage y<sup>e</sup> bussines, yet some of them knew + him to be a very profane yonge man; and he had for some time lived amonge + y<sup>e</sup> Indeans as a savage, & wente naked amongst them, and + used their maners (in w<sup>ch</sup> time he got their language), so they + feared he might still rune into evill courses (though he promised better), + and God would not prosper his ways. As soone as he was landed at y<sup>e</sup> + place intended, caled Penobscote, some 4 score leagues from this place, he + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span>write + (& afterwards came) for to desire to be supplyed with Wampampeake, + corne against winter, and other things. They considered these were of + their cheefe com̅odities, and would be continually needed by him, and + it would much prejudice their owne trade at Kenebeck if they did not joyne + with him in y<sup>e</sup> ordering of things, if thus they should supply + him; and on y<sup>e</sup> other hand, if they refused to joyne with him, + and allso to afford any supply unto him, they should greatly offend their + above named friends, and might hapily lose them hereby; and he and M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton, laying their craftie wits togither, might gett supplies of these + things els wher; besids, they considered that if they joyned not in y<sup>e</sup> + bussines, they knew M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton would be with them in it, + & so would swime, as it were, betweene both, to y<sup>e</sup> + prejudice of boath, but of them selves espetially. For they had reason to + thinke this bussines was cheefly of his contriving, and Ashley was a man + fitte for his turne and dealings. So they, to prevente a worse mischeefe, + resolved to joyne in y<sup>e</sup> bussines, and gave him supplies in what + they could, & overlooked his proceedings as well as they could; the + which they did y<sup>e</sup> better, by joyning an honest yonge man,<a + name="FNanchor_CO_93" id="FNanchor_CO_93"></a><a href="#Footnote_CO_93" + class="fnanchor">[CO]</a> that came from Leyden, with him as his fellow + (in some sorte), and not merely as a servante. Which yonge man being + discreete, and one whom they could trust, they so instructed as <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span>keept + Ashley in some good mesure within bounds. And so they returned their + answer to their freinds in England, that they accepted of their motion, + and joyned with them in Ashleys bussines; and yet withall tould them what + their fears were concerning him. + </p> + <p> + But when they came to have full notice of all y<sup>e</sup> goods brought + them that year, they saw they fell very short of trading goods, and Ashley + farr better suppleyed then [171] themselves; so as they were forced to buy + of the fisher men to furnish them selves, yea, & cottens & carseys + & other such like cloath (for want of trading cloath) of M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton himselfe, and so to put away a great parte of their beaver, at + under rate, in the countrie, which they should have sente home, to help to + discharge their great ingagementes; which was to their great vexation; but + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton prayed them to be contente, and y<sup>e</sup> + nexte yere they might have what they would write for. And their + ingagmentes of this year were great indeed when they came to know them, + (which was not wholy till 2. years after); and that which made them y<sup>e</sup> + more, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had taken up some large sum̅es at + Bristoll at 50. p̲<sup>r</sup> cent. againe, which he excused, that + he was forcte to it, because other wise he could at y<sup>e</sup> spring + of year get no goods transported, such were their envie against their + trade. But wheither this was any more then an excuse, some of them + doubted; but however, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_312" + id="Page_312">[312]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> burden did lye on their backs, + and they must bear it, as they did many heavie loads more in y<sup>e</sup> + end. + </p> + <p> + This paying of 50. p<sup>r</sup> cent. and dificulty of having their goods + trāsported by the fishing ships at y<sup>e</sup> first of y<sup>e</sup> + year, (as was beleeved,) which was y<sup>e</sup> cheefe season for trade, + put them upon another projecte. M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, after y<sup>e</sup> + fishing season was over, light of a bargan of salte, at a good fishing + place, and bought it; which came to aboute 113<sup>li</sup>.; and shortly + after he might have had 30<sup>li</sup>. cleare profite for it, without + any more trouble aboute it. But M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow coming that way + from Kenebeck, & some other of ther partners with him in y<sup>e</sup> + barke, they mett with M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, and falling into discourse + with him, they stayed him from selling y<sup>e</sup> salte; and resolved, + if it might please y<sup>e</sup> rest, to keep it for them selves, and to + hire a ship in y<sup>e</sup> west cuntrie to come on fishing for them, on + shares, according to y<sup>e</sup> coustome; and seeing she might have her + salte here ready, and a stage ready builte & fitted wher the salt lay + safely landed & housed. In stead of bringing salte, they might stowe + her full of trading goods, as bread, pease, cloth, &c., and so they + might have a full supply of goods without paing fraight, and in due + season, which might turne greatly to their advantage. Coming home, this + was propounded, and considered on, and aproved by all but y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup>, who had no mind to it, seeing they had allway lost <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span>by + fishing; but y<sup>e</sup> rest were so ernest, as thinkeing that they + might gaine well by y<sup>e</sup> fishing in this way; and if they should + but save, yea, or lose some thing by it, y<sup>e</sup> other benefite + would be advantage inough; so, seeing their ernestnes, he gave way, and it + was referd to their freinds in England to alow, or disalow it. Of which + more in its place. + </p> + <p> + Upon y<sup>e</sup> consideration of y<sup>e</sup> bussines about y<sup>e</sup> + paten, & in what state it was left, as is before remembred, and M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherleys ernest pressing to have M<sup>r</sup>. Allertō to come over + againe to finish it, & perfect y<sup>e</sup> accounts, &c., it was + concluded to send him over this year againe; though it was with some fear + & jeolocie; yet he gave them fair words and promises of well + performing all their bussineses according to their directions, and to mend + his former errors. So he was accordingly sent with full instructions for + all things, with large letters to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley & y<sup>e</sup> + rest, both aboute Ashleys bussines and their owne suply with trading + comodities, and how much it did concerne them to be furnished therwith, + & what y<sup>e</sup> had suffered for wante therof; and of what litle + use other goods were [172] in comparison therof; and so likewise aboute + this fishing ship, to be thus hired, and fraught with trading goods, which + might both supply them & Ashley, and y<sup>e</sup> benefite therof; + which was left to their consideration to hire & set her out, or not; + but in no case not to send any, exepte she was thus fraighte with trading + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span>goods. + But what these things came too will appere in y<sup>e</sup> next years + passages. + </p> + <p> + I had like to have omited an other passage that fell out y<sup>e</sup> + begining of this year. Ther was one M<sup>r</sup>. Ralfe Smith, & his + wife & familie, y<sup>t</sup> came over into y<sup>e</sup> Bay of y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets, and sojourned at presente with some stragling people that + lived at Natascoe; here being a boat of this place putting in ther on some + occasion, he ernestly desired that they would give him & his, passage + for Plimoth, and some such things as they could well carrie; having before + heard y<sup>t</sup> ther was liklyhood he might procure house-roome for + some time, till he should resolve to setle ther, if he might, or els-wher + as God should disposs; for he was werie of being in y<sup>t</sup> uncoth + place, & in a poore house y<sup>t</sup> would neither keep him nor his + goods drie. So, seeing him to be a grave man, & understood he had been + a minister, though they had no order for any such thing, yet they presumed + and brought him. He was here accordingly kindly entertained & housed, + & had y<sup>e</sup> rest of his goods & servants sente for, and + exercised his gifts amongst them, and afterwards was chosen into y<sup>e</sup> + ministrie, and so remained for sundrie years. + </p> + <p> + It was before noted that sundry of those that came from Leyden, came over + in the ships y<sup>t</sup> came to Salem, wher M<sup>r</sup>. Endecott had + cheefe com̅and; and by infection that grue amonge y<sup>e</sup> + passengers at sea, it spread also among them a shore, of which many dyed, + some of y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_315" + id="Page_315">[315]</a></span>scurvie, other of an infectious feaoure, + which continued some time amongst them (though our people, through Gods + goodnes, escaped it). Upon which occasion he write hither for some help, + understanding here was one that had some skill y<sup>t</sup> way, & + had cured diverse of y<sup>e</sup> scurvie, and others of other diseases, + by letting blood, & other means. Upon which his request y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> hear sent him unto them, and also write to him, from whom + he received an answere; the which, because it is breefe, and shows y<sup>e</sup> + begining of their aquaintance, and closing in y<sup>e</sup> truth & + ways of God, I thought it not unmeete, nor without use, hear to inserte + it; and an other showing y<sup>e</sup> begining of their fellowship & + church estate ther. + </p> + <p> + Being as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Right worthy S<sup>r</sup>: + </p> + <p> + It is a thing not usuall, that servants to one m<sup>r</sup> and of y<sup>e</sup> + same houshold should be strangers; I assure you I desire it not, nay, to + speake more plainly, I cannot be so to you. Gods people are all marked + with one and y<sup>e</sup> same marke, and sealed with one and y<sup>e</sup> + same seale, and have for y<sup>e</sup> maine, one & y<sup>e</sup> + same harte, guided by one & same spirite of truth; and wher this is, + ther can be no discorde, nay, here must needs be sweete harmonie. And y<sup>e</sup> + same request (with you) I make unto y<sup>e</sup> Lord, that we may, as + Christian breethren, be united by a heavenly & unfained love; + bending all our harts and forces in furthering a worke beyond our + strength, with reverence & fear, fastening our eyse allways on him + that only is able to directe and prosper all our ways. I acknowledge my + selfe much bound to you for your kind love and care in sending M<sup>r</sup>. + Fuller among us, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span>and + rejoyce much y<sup>t</sup> I am by him satisfied touching your judgments + of y<sup>e</sup> outward forme of Gods worshipe. It is, as farr as [173] + I can yet gather, no other then is warrented by y<sup>e</sup> evidence + of truth, and y<sup>e</sup> same which I have proffessed and maintained + ever since y<sup>e</sup> Lord in mercie revealed him selfe unto me; + being farr from y<sup>e</sup> commone reporte that hath been spread of + you touching that perticuler. But Gods children must not looke for less + here below, and it is y<sup>e</sup> great mercie of God, that he + strengthens them to goe through with it. I shall not neede at this time + to be tedious unto you, for, God willing, I purpose to see your face + shortly. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time, I humbly take my leave of you, com̅iting + you to y<sup>e</sup> Lords blessed protection, & rest. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your assured loving friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Jo: Endecott.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Naumkeak, May 11. An<sup>o</sup>. 1629. + </div> + </div> + <p> + This second leter sheweth ther proceedings in their church affaires at + Salem, which was y<sup>e</sup> 2. church erected in these parts; and + afterwards y<sup>e</sup> Lord established many more in sundrie places. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: I make bould to trouble you with a few lines, for to + certifie you how it hath pleased God to deale with us, since you heard + from us. How, notwithstanding all opposition that hath been hear, & + els wher, it hath pleased God to lay a foundation, the which I hope is + agreeable to his word in every thing. The 20. of July, it pleased y<sup>e</sup> + Lord to move y<sup>e</sup> hart of our Gov<sup>r</sup> to set it aparte + for a solemne day of humilliation for y<sup>e</sup> choyce of a pastor + & teacher. The former parte of y<sup>e</sup> day being spente in + praier & teaching, the later parte aboute y<sup>e</sup> election, + which was after this maner. The persons thought on (who had been + ministers in England) <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_317" + id="Page_317">[317]</a></span>were demanded concerning their callings; + they acknowledged ther was a towfould calling, the one an inward + calling, when y<sup>e</sup> Lord moved y<sup>e</sup> harte of a man to + take y<sup>t</sup> calling upon him, and fitted him with guiftes for y<sup>e</sup> + same; the second was an outward calling, which was from y<sup>e</sup> + people, when a company of beleevers are joyned togither in covenante, to + walke togither in all y<sup>e</sup> ways of God, and every member (being + men) are to have a free voyce in y<sup>e</sup> choyce of their officers, + &c. Now, we being perswaded that these 2. men were so quallified, as + y<sup>e</sup> apostle speaks to Timothy, wher he saith, A bishop must be + blamles, sober, apte to teach, &c., I thinke I may say, as y<sup>e</sup> + eunuch said unto Philip, What should let from being baptised, seeing + ther was water? and he beleeved. So these 2. servants of God, clearing + all things by their answers, (and being thus fitted,) we saw noe reason + but we might freely give our voyces for their election, after this + triall. So M<sup>r</sup>. Skelton was chosen pastor, and M<sup>r</sup>. + Higgison to be teacher; and they accepting y<sup>e</sup> choyce, M<sup>r</sup>. + Higgison, with 3. or 4. of y<sup>e</sup> gravest members of y<sup>e</sup> + church, laid their hands on M<sup>r</sup>. Skelton, using prayer + therwith. This being done, ther was imposission of hands on M<sup>r</sup>. + Higgison also. And since that time, Thursday (being, as I take it, y<sup>e</sup> + 6. of August) is appoynted for another day of humilliation, for y<sup>e</sup> + choyce of elders & deacons, & ordaining of them. + </p> + <p> + And now, good S<sup>r</sup>, I hope y<sup>t</sup> you & y<sup>e</sup> + rest of Gods people (who are aquainted with the ways of God) with you, + will say that hear was a right foundation layed, and that these 2. + blessed servants of y<sup>e</sup> Lord came in at y<sup>e</sup> dore, + and not at y<sup>e</sup> window. Thus I have made bould to trouble you + with these few lines, desiring you to remember us, &c. And so rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;"> + <div class="closing"> + At your service in what I may, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Charles Gott.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Salem, July 30. 1629. + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span> + </p> + </div> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1630" id="a1630"></a>[174] <i>Anno Dom</i>: 1630. + </p> + <p> + Ashley, being well supplyed, had quickly gathered a good parcell of + beaver, and like a crafty pate he sent it all home, and would not pay for + y<sup>e</sup> goods he had had of y<sup>e</sup> plantation hear, but lett + them stand still on y<sup>e</sup> score, and tooke up still more. Now + though they well enough knew his aime, yet they let him goe on, and write + of it into England. But partly y<sup>e</sup> beaver they received, & + sould, (of which they weer sencible,) and partly by M<sup>r</sup>. + Allertons extolling of him, they cast more how to supplie him then y<sup>e</sup> + plantation, and something to upbraid them with it. They were forct to buy + him a barke allso, and to furnish her w<sup>th</sup> a m<sup>r</sup>. + & men, to transports his corne & provissions (of which he put of + much); for y<sup>e</sup> Indeans of those parts have no corne growing, and + at harvest, after corne is ready, y<sup>e</sup> weather grows foule, and y<sup>e</sup> + seas dangerous, so as he could doe litle good with his shallope for y<sup>t</sup> + purposs. + </p> + <p> + They looked ernestly for a timely supply this spring, by the fishing ship + which they expected, and had been at charg to keepe a stage for her; but + none came, nor any supply heard of for them. At length they heard sume + supply was sent to Ashley by a fishing ship, at which they something + marvelled, and the more y<sup>t</sup> they had no letters either from M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton or M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley; so they went on in their bussines as + well as y<sup>e</sup> could. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_319" + id="Page_319">[319]</a></span>At last they heard of M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce + his arivall in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts, who + brought passengers & goods thither. They presently sent a shallop, + conceiving they should have some thing by him. But he tould them he had + none; and a ship was sett out on fishing, but after 11. weeks beating at + sea, she mett with shuch foull weather as she was forcte back againe for + England, and, y<sup>e</sup> season being over, gave off y<sup>e</sup> + vioage. Neither did he hear of much goods in her for y<sup>e</sup> + plantation, or y<sup>t</sup> she did belong to them, for he had heard some + thing from M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton tending that way. But M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton had bought another ship, and was to come in her, and was to fish + for bass to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, and to bring goods, &c. These + things did much trouble them, and half astonish them. M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow haveing been to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, brought nuese of the like + things, w<sup>th</sup> some more perticulers, and y<sup>t</sup> it was + like M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton would be late before he came. At length they, + having an oppertunitie, resolved to send M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, with what + beaver they had ready, into England, to see how y<sup>e</sup> squars + wente, being very jeolouse of these things, & M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons + courses; and writ shuch leters, and gave him shuch instructions, as they + thought meet; and if he found things not well, to discharge M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton for being any longer agent for them, or to deal any more in y<sup>e</sup> + bussines, and to see how y<sup>e</sup> accounts stood, &c. + </p> + <p> + Aboute y<sup>e</sup> midle of som̅er arrives M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley + in <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts, (being one of y<sup>e</sup> partners,) + and came over in y<sup>e</sup> same ship that was set out on fhishing + (called y<sup>e</sup> Frendship). They presently sent to him, making no + question but now they had goods come, and should know how all things + stood. But they found [175] the former news true, how this ship had been + so long at sea, and spente and spoyled her provissions, and overthrowne y<sup>e</sup> + viage. And he being sent over by y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> + partners, to see how things wente hear, being at Bristoll with M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton, in y<sup>e</sup> shipe bought (called y<sup>e</sup> + White-Angell), ready to set sayle, over night came a messenger from + Bastable to M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, and tould him of y<sup>e</sup> + returne of y<sup>e</sup> ship, and what had befallen. And he not knowing + what to doe, having a great chareg under hand, y<sup>e</sup> ship lying at + his rates, and now ready to set sayle, got him to goe and discharg y<sup>e</sup> + ship, and take order for y<sup>e</sup> goods. To be short, they found M<sup>r</sup>. + Hatherley some thing reserved, and troubled in him selfe, (M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton not being ther,) not knowing how to dispose of y<sup>e</sup> + goods till he came; but he heard he was arived with y<sup>e</sup> other + ship to y<sup>e</sup> eastward, and expected his coming. But he tould them + ther was not much for them in this ship, only 2. packs of Bastable ruggs, + and 2. hoggsheads of meatheglin, drawne out in wooden flackets (but when + these flackets came to be received, ther was left but 6. gallons of y<sup>e</sup> + 2. hogsheads, it being drunke up under y<sup>e</sup> name leackage, and so + lost). <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span>But + the ship was filled with goods for sundrie gentlemen, & others, that + were come to plant in y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, for which they payed + fraight by y<sup>e</sup> tun. And this was all the satisfaction they could + have at presente, so they brought this small parcell of goods & + returned with this nues, and a letter as obscure; which made them much to + marvell therat. The letter was as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Gentle-men, partners, and loving friends, &c. + </p> + <p> + Breefly thus: wee have this year set forth a fishing ship, and a trading + ship, which later we have bought; and so have disbursed a great deale of + money, as may and will appeare by y<sup>e</sup> accounts. And because + this ship (called y<sup>e</sup> White Angell) is to acte 2. parts, (as I + may say,) fishing for bass, and trading; and that while M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton was imployed aboute y<sup>e</sup> trading, the fishing might + suffer by carlesnes or neglecte of y<sup>e</sup> sailors, we have + entreated your and our loving friend, M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, to goe + over with him, knowing he will be a comforte to M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, + a joye to you, to see a carfull and loving friend, and a great stay to y<sup>e</sup> + bussines; and so great contente to us, that if it should please God y<sup>e</sup> + one should faile, (as God forbid,) yet y<sup>e</sup> other would keepe + both recconings, and things uprighte. For we are now out great sumes of + money, as they will acquainte you withall, &c. When we were out but + 4. or 5. hundred pounds a peece, we looked not much after it, but left + it to you, & your agente, (who, without flaterie, deserveth infinite + thanks & comendations, both of you & us, for his pains, &c.); + but now we are out double, nay, trible a peece, some of us, &c.; + which maks us both write, and send over our friend, M<sup>r</sup>. + Hatherley, whom we pray you to entertaine kindly, of which we doubte not + of. The main end of sending him <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_322" + id="Page_322">[322]</a></span>is to see y<sup>e</sup> state and accounte + of all y<sup>e</sup> bussines, of all which we pray you informe him + fully, though y<sup>e</sup> ship & bussines wayte for it and him. + For we should take it very unkindly that we should intreat him to take + such a journey, and that, when it pleaseth God he returnes, he could not + give us contente & satisfaction in this perticuler, through defaulte + of any of you. [176] But we hope you will so order bussines, as neither + he nor we shall have cause to complaine, but to doe as we ever have + done, thinke well of you all, &c. I will not promise, but shall + indeaour & hope to effecte y<sup>e</sup> full desire and grant of + your patente, & that ere it be longe. I would not have you take any + thing unkindly. I have not write out of jeolocie of any unjuste dealing. + Be you all kindly saluted in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, so I rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Yours in what I may, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + March 25. 1630. + </div> + </div> + <p> + It needs not be thought strange, that these things should amase and + trouble them; first, that this fishing ship should be set out, and fraight + with other mens goods, & scarce any of theirs; seeing their maine end + was (as is before remembred) to bring them a full supply, and their + speatiall order not to sett out any excepte this was done. And now a ship + to come on their accounte, clean contrary to their both end & order, + was a misterie they could not understand; and so much y<sup>e</sup> worse, + seeing she had shuch ill success as to lose both her vioage & + provissions. The 2. thing, that another ship should be bought and sente + out on new designes, a thing not so much as once thought on by <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span>any here, + much less, not a word intimated or spoaken of by any here, either by word + or letter, neither could they imagine why this should be. Bass fishing was + never lookt at by them, but as soone as ever they heard on it, they looked + at it as a vaine thing, that would certainly turne to loss. And for M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton to follow any trade for them, it was never in their thoughts. And + 3<sup>ly</sup>, that their friēds should complaine of disbursements, + and yet rune into such great things, and charge of shiping & new + projects of their owne heads, not only without, but against, all order + & advice, was to them very strang. And 4<sup>ly</sup>, that all these + matters of so great charg & imployments should be thus wrapped up in a + breefe and obscure letter, they knew not what to make of it. But amids all + their doubts they must have patience till M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton & M<sup>r</sup>. + Hatherley should come. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow + was gone for England; and others of them were forst to folow their + imployments with y<sup>e</sup> best means they had, till they could hear + of better. + </p> + <p> + At length M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley & M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton came unto + them, (after they had delivered their goods,) and finding them strucken + with some sadnes aboute these things, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton tould them + that y<sup>e</sup> ship Whit-Angele did not belong to them, nor their + accounte, neither neede they have any thing to doe with her, excepte they + would. And M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley confirmed y<sup>e</sup> same, and said + that they would have had him to have <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span>had a parte, but he refused; + but he made question whether they would not turne her upon y<sup>e</sup> + generall accounte, if ther came loss (as he now saw was like), seeing M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton laid downe this course, and put them on this projecte. But for y<sup>e</sup> + fishing ship, he tould them they need not be so much troubled, for he had + her accounts here, and showed them that her first seting out came not much + to exceed 600<sup>li</sup>. as they might see by y<sup>e</sup> accounte, + which he showed them; and for this later viage, it would arrise to profite + by y<sup>e</sup> fraight of the goods, and y<sup>e</sup> salle of some + katle which he shiped and had allready sould, & was to be paid for + partly here & partly by bills into England, so as they should not have + this put on their acounte at all, except they [178]<a name="FNanchor_CP_94" + id="FNanchor_CP_94"></a><a href="#Footnote_CP_94" class="fnanchor">[CP]</a> + would. And for y<sup>e</sup> former, he had sould so much goods out of her + in England, and imployed y<sup>e</sup> money in this 2. viage, as it, + togeither with such goods & implements as M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton must + need aboute his fishing, would rise to a good parte of y<sup>e</sup> + money; for he must have y<sup>e</sup> sallt and nets, allso spiks, nails, + &c.; all which would rise to nere 400<sup>li</sup>; so, with y<sup>e</sup> + bearing of their parts of y<sup>e</sup> rest of the loses (which would not + be much above 200<sup>li</sup>.), they would clear them of this whole + accounte. Of which motion they were glad, not being willing to have any + accounts lye upon them; but aboute their trade, which made them willing to + harken therunto, and demand of M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley how he could <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span>make this + good, if they should agree their unto, he tould them he was sent over as + their agente, and had this order from them, that whatsoever he and M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton did togeather, they would stand to it; but they would not alow of + what M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton did alone, except they liked it; but if he + did it alone, they would not gaine say it. Upon which they sould to him + & M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton all y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> + goods, and gave them present possession of them; and a writing was made, + and confirmed under both M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherleys and M<sup>r</sup>. + Allertons hands, to y<sup>e</sup> effecte afforesaide. And M<sup>r</sup>. + Allertone, being best aquainted w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> people, sould + away presenly all shuch goods as he had no need of for y<sup>e</sup> + fishing, as 9. shallop sails, made of good new canvas, and y<sup>e</sup> + roads for them being all new, with sundry such usefull goods, for ready + beaver, by M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherleys allowance. And thus they thought they + had well provided for them selvs. Yet they rebuked M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton + very much for runing into these courses, fearing y<sup>e</sup> success of + them. M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton & M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley brought to y<sup>e</sup> + towne with them (after he had sould what he could abroad) a great quantity + of other goods besids trading comodities; as linen cloath, bedticks, + stockings, tape, pins, ruggs, &c., and tould them they were to have + them, if they would; but they tould M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton that they had + forbid him before for bringing any such on their accounte; it would hinder + their trade and returnes. But he & M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley said, if + they would not have them, they <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_326" + id="Page_326">[326]</a></span>would sell them, them selves, and take corne + for what they could not otherwise sell. They tould them they might, if + they had order for it. The goods of one sorte & other came to upward + of 500<sup>li</sup>. + </p> + <p> + After these things, Mr. Allerton wente to y<sup>e</sup> ship aboute his + bass fishing; and M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, (according to his order,) + after he tooke knowledg how things stood at y<sup>e</sup> plantation, (of + all which they informed him fully,) he then desired a boate of them to goe + and visite y<sup>e</sup> trading houeses, both Kenebeck, and Ashley at + Penobscote; for so they in England had injoyned him. They accordingly + furnished him with a boate & men for y<sup>e</sup> viage, and + aquainted him plainly & thorowly with all things; by which he had good + contente and satisfaction, and saw plainly that M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton + plaid his owne game, and rane a course not only to y<sup>e</sup> great + wrong & detrimente of y<sup>e</sup> plantation, who imployed & + trusted him, but abused them in England also, in possessing them with + prejudice against y<sup>e</sup> plantation; as y<sup>t</sup>, they would + never be able to repaye their moneys (in regard of their great charge), + but if [179] they would follow his advice and projects, he & Ashley + (being well supplyed) would quickly bring in their moneys with good + advantage. Mr. Hatherley disclosed also a further projecte aboute y<sup>e</sup> + setting out of this ship, y<sup>e</sup> White-angell; how, she being wel + fitted with good ordnance, and known to have made a great fight at sea + (when she belongd to Bristoll) and caried away <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span>the victory, they had agreed + (by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's means) that, after she had brought a fraight + of goods here into the countrie, and fraight her selfe with fish, she + should goe from hence to Port of porte,<a name="FNanchor_CQ_95" + id="FNanchor_CQ_95"></a><a href="#Footnote_CQ_95" class="fnanchor">[CQ]</a> + and ther be sould, both ship, goods, and ordenance; and had, for this end, + had speech with a factore of those parts, beforehand, to whom she should + have been consigned. But this was prevented at this time, (after it was + known,) partly by y<sup>e</sup> contrary advice given by their freinds + hear to M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton & M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, showing + how it might insnare their friends in England, (being men of estate,) if + it should come to be knowne; and for y<sup>e</sup> plantation, they did + and would disalow it, and protest against it; and partly by their bad + viage, for they both came too late to doe any good for fishing, and allso + had such a wicked and drunken company as neither M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton + nor any els could rule; as M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, to his great greefe + & shame, saw, & beheld, and all others that came nere them. + </p> + <p> + Ashley likwise was taken in a trape, (before M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley + returned,) for trading powder & shote with y<sup>e</sup> Indeans; and + was ceased upon by some in authoritie, who allso would have confiscated + above a thousand weight of beaver; but y<sup>e</sup> goods were freed, for + y<sup>e</sup> Governer here made it appere, by a bond under Ashleys hand, + wherin he was bound to them in 500<sup>li</sup>. not to trade any munition + with the Indeans, or other wise <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_328" + id="Page_328">[328]</a></span>to abuse him selfe; it was also manifest + against him that he had com̅ited uncleannes with Indean women, + (things that they feared at his first imployment, which made them take + this strict course with him in y<sup>e</sup> begining); so, to be shorte, + they gott their goods freed, but he was sent home prisoner. And that I may + make an end concerning him, after some time of imprisonmente in y<sup>e</sup> + Fleet, by y<sup>e</sup> means of friends he was set at liberty, and + intended to come over againe, but y<sup>e</sup> Lord prevented it; for he + had a motion made to him, by some marchants, to goe into Russia, because + he had such good skill in y<sup>e</sup> beaver trade, the which he + accepted of, and in his returne home was cast away at sea; this was his + end. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, fully understanding y<sup>e</sup> state of all + things, had good satisfaction, and could well informe them how all things + stood betweene M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton and y<sup>e</sup> plantation. Yea, + he found that M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had gott within him, and [180] got + all the goods into his owne hands, for which M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley + stood joyntly ingaged to them hear, aboute y<sup>e</sup> ship-Freīdship, + as also most of y<sup>e</sup> fraigte money, besids some of his owne + perticuler estate; about w<sup>ch</sup> more will appear here after. So he + returned into England, and they sente a good quantity of beaver with him + to y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> partners; so both he and it was + very wellcome unto them. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton followed his affaires, & returned with his + White Angell, being no more imployed by y<sup>e</sup> plantation; <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span>but these + bussinesses were not ended till many years after, nor well understood of a + longe time, but foulded up in obscuritie, & kepte in y<sup>e</sup> + clouds, to y<sup>e</sup> great loss & vexation of y<sup>e</sup> + plantation, who in y<sup>e</sup> end were (for peace sake) forced to bear + y<sup>e</sup> unjust burthen of them, to their allmost undoing, as will + appear, if God give life to finish this history. + </p> + <p> + They sent their letters also by M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley to y<sup>e</sup> + partners ther, to show them how M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley & M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton had discharged them of y<sup>e</sup> Friendships accounte, and + that they boath affirmed y<sup>t</sup> the White-Angell did not at all + belong to them; and therfore desired that their accounte might not be + charged therwith. Also they write to M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, their agente, + that he in like maner should (in their names) protest against it, if any + such thing should be intended, for they would never yeeld to y<sup>e</sup> + same. As allso to signifie to them that they renounsed M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton wholy, for being their agente, or to have any thing to doe in any + of their bussines. + </p> + <p> + This year John Billinton y<sup>e</sup> elder (one that came over with y<sup>e</sup> + first) was arrained, and both by grand & petie jurie found guilty of + willfull murder, by plaine & notorious evidence. And was for the same + accordingly executed.<a name="FNanchor_CR_96" id="FNanchor_CR_96"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CR_96" class="fnanchor">[CR]</a> This, as it was y<sup>e</sup> + first execution <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span>amongst + them, so was it a mater of great sadnes unto them. They used all due means + about his triall, and tooke y<sup>e</sup> advice of M<sup>r</sup>. + Winthrop and other y<sup>e</sup> ablest gentle-men in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of + y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, that were then new-ly come over, who concured + with them y<sup>t</sup> he ought to dye, and y<sup>e</sup> land to be + purged from blood. He and some of his had been often punished for + miscariags before, being one of the profanest families amongst them. They + came from London, and I know not by what freinds shufled into their + company. His facte was, that he way-laid a yong-man, one John New-comin, + (about a former quarell,) and shote him with a gune, wherof he dyed.<a + name="FNanchor_CS_97" id="FNanchor_CS_97"></a><a href="#Footnote_CS_97" + class="fnanchor">[CS]</a> + </p> + <p> + Having by a providence a letter or to y<sup>t</sup> came to my hands + concerning the proceedings of their Re<sup>d</sup> freinds in y<sup>e</sup> + Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, who were latly come over, I thought it + not amise here to inserte them, (so farr as is pertenente, and may be + usefull for after times,) before I conclude this year. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: Being at Salem the 25. of July, being y<sup>e</sup> + saboath, after y<sup>e</sup> evening exercise, M<sup>r</sup>. Johnson + received a letter from y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span>Governor, Mr. John + Winthrop, manifesting y<sup>e</sup> hand of God to be upon them, and + against them at Charles-towne, in visiting them with sicknes, and taking + diverse from amongst them, not sparing y<sup>e</sup> righteous, but + partaking with y<sup>e</sup> wicked in these bodily judgments. It was + therfore by his desire taken into y<sup>e</sup> Godly consideration of y<sup>e</sup> + best hear, what was to be done to pacifie y<sup>e</sup> Lords wrath, + &c. Wher it was concluded, that the Lord was to be sought in + righteousnes; and to that end, y<sup>e</sup> 6. day (being Friday) of + this present weeke, is set aparte, that they may humble them selves + before God, and seeke him in his ordenances; and that then also such + godly persons that are amongst them, and know̅ each to other, may + publickly, at y<sup>e</sup> end of their exercise, make known their + Godly desire, and practise y<sup>e</sup> same, viz. solem̅ly to + enter into [181] covenante with y<sup>e</sup> Lord to walke in his ways. + And since they are so disposed of in their outward estats, as to live in + three distinct places, each having men of abilitie amongst them, ther to + observe y<sup>e</sup> day, and become 3. distincte bodys; not then + intending rashly to proceed to y<sup>e</sup> choyce of officers, or y<sup>e</sup> + admitting of any other to their societie then a few, to witte, such as + are well knowne unto them; promising after to receive in such by + confession of faith, as shall appeare to be fitly qualified for y + estate. They doe ernestly entreate that y<sup>e</sup> church of Plimoth + would set apparte y<sup>e</sup> same day, for y<sup>e</sup> same ends, + beseeching y<sup>e</sup> Lord, as to withdraw his hand of correction + from them, so also to establish and direct them in his wayes. And though + y<sup>e</sup> time be shorte, we pray you be provocked to this godly + worke, seing y<sup>e</sup> causes are so urgente; wherin God will be + honoured, and they & we undoubtedly have sweete comforte. Be you all + kindly saluted, &c. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your brethren in Christ, &c. + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Salem, July 26. 1630. + </div> + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: etc. The sadd news here is, that many are sicke, and many + are dead; y<sup>e</sup> Lord in mercie looke upon them. Some are here + entered into church covenante; the first were 4. namly, y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup>, M<sup>r</sup>. John Winthrop, M<sup>r</sup>. Johnson, M<sup>r</sup>. + Dudley, and M<sup>r</sup>. Willson; since that 5. more are joyned unto + them, and others, it is like, will adde them selves to them dayly; the + Lord increase them, both in number and in holines for his mercie sake. + Here is a gentleman, one M<sup>r</sup>. Cottington, (a Boston man,) who + tould me, that M<sup>r</sup>. Cottons charge at Hamton was, that they + should take advise of them at Plimoth, and should doe nothing to offend + them. Here are diverce honest Christians that are desirous to see us, + some out of love which they bear to us, and y<sup>e</sup> good + perswasion they have of us; others to see whether we be so ill as they + have heard of us. We have a name of holines, and love to God and his + saincts; the Lord make us more and more answerable, and that it may be + more then a name, or els it will doe us no good. Be you lovingly + saluted, and all the rest of our friends. The Lord Jesus blese us, and y<sup>e</sup> + whole Israll of God. Amen. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your loving brother, &c. + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Charles-towne, Aug. 2. 1630. + </div> + </div> + <p> + Thus out of smalle beginings greater things have been prodused by his hand + y<sup>t</sup> made all things of nothing, and gives being to all things + that are; and as one small candle may light a thousand, so y<sup>e</sup> + light here kindled hath shone to many, yea in some sorte to our whole + nation; let y<sup>e</sup> glorious name of Jehova have all y<sup>e</sup> + praise.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span> + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1631" id="a1631"></a>[182] <i>Anno Dom</i>: 1631. + </p> + <p> + Ashley being thus by y<sup>e</sup> hand of God taken away, and M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton discharged of his imploymente for them, their bussines began + againe to rune in one chanell, and them selves better able to guide the + same, Penobscote being wholy now at their disposing. And though M<sup>r</sup>. + William Peirce had a parte ther as is before noted, yet now, as things + stood, he was glad to have his money repayed him, and stand out. M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow, whom they had sent over, sent them over some supply as soone as + he could; and afterwards when he came, which was something longe by reason + of bussines, he brought a large supply of suitable goods with him, by + which ther trading was well carried on. But by no means either he, or y<sup>e</sup> + letters y<sup>ey</sup> write, could take off M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley & + y<sup>e</sup> rest from putting both y<sup>e</sup> Friendship and + Whit-Angell on y<sup>e</sup> generall accounte; which caused continuall + contention betweene them, as will more appeare. + </p> + <p> + I shall inserte a leter of M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow's about these things, + being as foloweth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: It fell out by Gods providence, y<sup>t</sup> I received + and brought your leters p<sup>r</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton from + Bristoll, to London; and doe much feare what will be y<sup>e</sup> event + of things. M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton intended to prepare y<sup>e</sup> + ship againe, to set forth upon fishing. M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>. + Beachamp, & M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, they renounce all perticulers, + protesting but for us they <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_334" + id="Page_334">[334]</a></span>would never have adventured one penie into + those parts; M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley stands inclinable to either. And + wheras you write that he and M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton have taken y<sup>e</sup> + Whit-Angell upon them, for their partners here, they professe they + neiver gave any such order, nor will make it good; if them selves will + cleare y<sup>e</sup> accounte & doe it, all shall be well. What y<sup>e</sup> + evente of these things will be, I know not. The Lord so directe and + assiste us, as he may not be dishonoured by our divissions. I hear (p<sup>r</sup> + a friend) that I was much blamed for speaking w<sup>t</sup><a + name="FNanchor_CT_98" id="FNanchor_CT_98"></a><a href="#Footnote_CT_98" + class="fnanchor">[CT]</a> I heard in y<sup>e</sup> spring of y<sup>e</sup> + year, concerning y<sup>e</sup> buying & setting forth of y<sup>t</sup> + ship;<a name="FNanchor_CU_99" id="FNanchor_CU_99"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CU_99" class="fnanchor">[CU]</a> sure, if I should not + have tould you what I heard so peremtorly reported (which report I + offered now to prove at Bristoll), I should have been unworthy my + imploymente. And concerning y<sup>e</sup> commission so long since given + to M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, the truth is, the thing we feared is come + upon us; for M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley & y<sup>e</sup> rest have it, + and will not deliver it, that being y<sup>e</sup> ground of our agents + credite to procure shuch great sumes. But I looke for bitter words, hard + thoughts, and sower looks, from sundrie, as well for writing this, as + reporting y<sup>e</sup> former. I would I had a more thankfull + imploymente; but I hope a good conscience shall make it comefortable, + &c. + </p> + </div> + <p> + Thus farr he. Dated Nov: 16. 1631. + </p> + <p> + The comission above said was given by them under their hand and seale, + when M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton was first imployed by them, and redemanded of + him in y<sup>e</sup> year 29. when they begane to suspecte his course. He + tould them it was amongst his papers, but he would seeke it out & give + it them before he wente. But he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_335" + id="Page_335">[335]</a></span>being ready to goe, it was demanded againe. + He said he could not find it, but it was amongst his papers, which he must + take w<sup>th</sup> him, [183] and he would send it by y<sup>e</sup> boat + from y<sup>e</sup> eastward; but ther it could not be had neither, but he + would seeke it up at sea. But whether M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley had it before + or after, it is not certaine; but having it, he would not let it goe, but + keeps it to this day. Wherfore, even amongst freinds, men had need be + carfull whom they trust, and not lett things of this nature lye long + unrecaled. + </p> + <p class="center"> + <i>Some parts of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's letters aboute these things, in + which y<sup>e</sup> truth is best manifested.</i> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Sir: Yours I have received by our loving friends, M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton & M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, who, blesed be God, after a + long & dangerous passage with y<sup>e</sup> ship Angell, are safely + come to Bristoll. M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley is come up, but M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton I have not yet seen. We thanke you, and are very glad you have + disswaded him from his Spanish viage, and y<sup>t</sup> he did not goe + on in these designes he intended; for we did all uterly dislick of that + course, as allso of y<sup>e</sup> fishing y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> + Freindship should have performed; for we wished him to sell y<sup>e</sup> + salte, and were unwilling to have him undertake so much bussines, partly + for y<sup>e</sup> ill success we formerly had in those affairs, and + partly being loath to disburse so much money. But he perswaded us this + must be one way y<sup>t</sup> must repay us, for y<sup>e</sup> + plantation would be long in doing of it; ney, to my rememberance, he + doubted you could not be able, with y<sup>e</sup> trade ther, to + maintaine your charge & pay us. And for this very cause he brought + us on y<sup>t</sup> bussines with Ed: Ashley, for he was a stranger to + us, &c. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span>For + y<sup>e</sup> fishing ship, we are sorie it proves so heavie, and will + be willing to bear our parts. What M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley & M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton have done, no doubt but them selves will make good;<a + name="FNanchor_CV_100" id="FNanchor_CV_100"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CV_100" class="fnanchor">[CV]</a> we gave them no order + to make any composition, to seperate you and us in this or any other. + And I thinke you have no cause to forsake us, for we put you upon no new + thing, but what your agent perswaded us to, & you by your letters + desired. If he exceede your order, I hope you will not blame us, much + less cast us of, when our moneys be layed out, &c. But I fear + neither you nor we have been well delte withall, for sure, as you write, + halfe 4000<sup>li</sup>.?, nay, a quarter, in fitting comodities, and in + seasonable time, would have furnished you beter then you were. And yet + for all this, and much more I might write, I dare not but thinke him + honest, and that his desire and intente was good; but y<sup>e</sup> + wisest may faile. Well, now y<sup>t</sup> it hath pleased God to give us + hope of meeting, doubte not but we will all indeavore to perfecte these + accounts just & right, as soone as possibly we can. And I supposs + you sente over M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, and we M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley, + to certifie each other how y<sup>e</sup> state of things stood. We have + received some contente upon M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley's returne, and I + hope you will receive good contente <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span>upon M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow's returne. Now I should come to answer more perticulerly your + letter, but herin I shall be very breefe. The coming of y<sup>e</sup> + White Angele on your accounte could not be more strang to you, then y<sup>e</sup> + buying of her was to us; for you gave him commission<a + name="FNanchor_CW_101" id="FNanchor_CW_101"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CW_101" class="fnanchor">[CW]</a> that what he did you + would stand too; we gave him none, and yet for his credite, and your + saks, payed what bills he charged on us, &c. For y<sup>t</sup> I + write she was to acte tow parts, fishing & trade; beleeve me, I + never so much as thought of any perticuler trade, nor will side with any + y<sup>t</sup> doth, if I conceive it may wrong you; for I ever was + against it, useing these words: They will eate up and destroy y<sup>e</sup> + generall. + </p> + </div> + <p> + Other things I omite as tedious, and not very pertenente. This was dated + Nov<sup>r</sup>. 19. 1631. + </p> + <p> + In an other leter bearing date y<sup>e</sup> 24. of this month, being an + answer to y<sup>e</sup> generall order, he hath these words:— + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + [184] For y<sup>e</sup> White Angell, against which you write so + ernestly, and say we thrust her upon you, contrary to y<sup>e</sup> + intente of y<sup>e</sup> buyer, herin we say you forgett your selves, + and doe us wrong. We will not take uppon us to devine what y<sup>e</sup> + thougts or intents of y<sup>e</sup> buyer was, but what he spack we + heard, and that we will affirme, and make good against any y<sup>t</sup> + oppose it; which is, y<sup>t</sup> unles shee were bought, and shuch a + course taken, Ashley could not be supplyed; and againe, if he weer not + supplyed, we could not be satisfied what we were out for you. And + further, you were not able to doe it; and he gave some reasons <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span>which + we spare to relate, unless by your unreasonable refusall you will force + us, and so, hasten y<sup>t</sup> fire which is a kindling too fast + allready, &c. + </p> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>Out of another of his, bearing date Jan. 2. 1631.</i> + </p> + <p> + We purpose to keep y<sup>e</sup> Freindship and y<sup>e</sup> Whit + Angell, for y<sup>e</sup> last year viages, on the generall accounte, + hoping togeither they will rather produse profite then loss, and breed + less confution in our accounts, and less disturbance in our affections. + As for y<sup>e</sup> White Angell, though we layed out y<sup>e</sup> + money, and tooke bills of salle in our owne names, yet none of us had so + much as a thought (I dare say) of deviding from you in any thing this + year, because we would not have y<sup>e</sup> world (I may say Bristoll) + take notice of any breach betwixte M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton and you, and + he and us; and so disgrace him in his proceedings on<a + name="FNanchor_CX_102" id="FNanchor_CX_102"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CX_102" class="fnanchor">[CX]</a> in his intended viage. + We have now let him y<sup>e</sup> ship at 30<sup>li</sup>. p<sup>r</sup> + month, by charter-partie, and bound him in a bond of a 1000<sup>li</sup>. + to performe covenants, and bring her to London (if God please). And what + he brings in her for you, shall be marked w<sup>th</sup> your marke, and + bils of laden taken, & sent in M<sup>r</sup>. Winslows letter, who + is this day riding to Bristoll about it. So in this viage, we deale + & are with him as strangers. He hath brought in 3. books of + accounts, one for y<sup>e</sup> company, an other for Ashley's bussines, + and y<sup>e</sup> third for y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell and Freindship. + The books, or coppies, we purpose to send you, for you may discover y<sup>e</sup> + errours in them better then we. We can make it appear how much money he + hath had of us, and you can charg him with all y<sup>e</sup> beaver he + hath had of you. The totall sume, as he hath put it, is 7103. 17. 1. Of + this he hath expended, and given to Mr. Vines & others, aboute 543<sup>li</sup>. + ode money, and then by your books you will <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span>find whether you had such, + & so much goods, as he chargeth you with all; and this is all that I + can say at presente concerning these accounts. He thought to dispatch + them in a few howers, but he and Straton & Fogge were above a month + aboute them; but he could not stay till we had examined them, for losing + his fishing viage, which I fear he hath allready done, &c. + </p> + <p> + We blese God, who put both you & us in mind to send each to other, + for verily had he rune on in that desperate & chargable course one + year more, we had not been able to suport him; nay, both he and we must + have lyen in y<sup>e</sup> ditch, and sunck under y<sup>e</sup> burthen, + &c. Had ther been an orderly course taken, and your bussines better + managed, assuredly (by y<sup>e</sup> blessing of God) you had been y<sup>e</sup> + ablest plantation that, as we think, or know, hath been undertaken by + Englishmen, &c. + </p> + </div> + <p> + Thus farr of these letters of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's.<a + name="FNanchor_CY_103" id="FNanchor_CY_103"></a><a href="#Footnote_CY_103" + class="fnanchor">[CY]</a> + </p> + <p> + [185] A few observations from y<sup>e</sup> former letters, and then I + shall set downe the simple truth of y<sup>e</sup> things (thus in + controversie betweene them), at least as farr as by any good evidence it + could be made to appeare; and so laboure to be breefe in so tedious and + intricate a bussines, which hunge in expostulation betweene them many + years before y<sup>e</sup> same was ended. That though ther will be often + occasion to touch these things about other passages, yet I shall not neede + to be large therin; doing it hear once for all. + </p> + <p> + First, it seemes to appere clearly that Ashley's bussines, and y<sup>e</sup> + buying of this ship, and y<sup>e</sup> courses <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span>framed ther upon, were first + contrived and proposed by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, as also y<sup>t</sup> + the pleaes and pretences which he made, of y<sup>e</sup> inablitie of y<sup>e</sup> + plantation to repaye their moneys, &c., and y<sup>e</sup> hops he gave + them of doing it with profile, was more beleeved & rested on by them + (at least some of them) then any thing y<sup>e</sup> plantation did or + said. + </p> + <p> + 2. It is like, though M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton might thinke not to wrong y<sup>e</sup> + plantation in y<sup>e</sup> maine, yet his owne gaine and private ends led + him a side in these things: for it came to be knowne, and I have it in a + letter under M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's hand, that in y<sup>e</sup> first 2. + or 3. years of his imploymente, he had cleared up 400<sup>li</sup>. and + put it into a brew-house of M<sup>r</sup>. Colliers in London, at first + under M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's name, &c.; besids what he might have + other wise. Againe, M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley and he had perticuler dealings + in some things; for he bought up y<sup>e</sup> beaver that sea-men & + other passengers brought over to Bristoll, and at other places, and + charged y<sup>e</sup> bills to London, which M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley payed; + and they got some time 50<sup>li</sup>. a peece in a bargen, as was made + knowne by M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley & others, besids what might be + other wise; which might make M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley harken unto him in + many things; and yet I beleeve, as he in his forementioned leter write, he + never would side in any perticuler trade w<sup>ch</sup> he conceived would + wrong y<sup>e</sup> plantation, and eate up & destroy y<sup>e</sup> + generall. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + 3<sup>ly</sup>. It may be perceived that, seeing they had done so much for + y<sup>e</sup> plantation, both in former adventures and late + disbursements, and allso that M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton was y<sup>e</sup> + first occasioner of bringing them upon these new designes, which at first + seemed faire & profitable unto them, and unto which they agreed; but + now, seeing them to turne to loss, and decline to greater intanglments, + they thought it more meete for y<sup>e</sup> plantation to bear them, then + them selves, who had borne much in other things allready, and so tooke + advantage of such comission & power as M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had + formerly had as their agente, to devolve these things upon them. + </p> + <p> + 4<sup>ly</sup>. With pitie and compassion (touching M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton) I may say with y<sup>e</sup> apostle to Timothy, 1. Tim. 6. 9. + <i>They that will be rich fall into many temtations and snares, &c., + and pearce them selves throw with many sorrows, &c.; for the love of + money is y<sup>e</sup> roote of all evill</i>, v. 10. God give him to see + y<sup>e</sup> evill in his failings, that he may find mercie by repentance + for y<sup>e</sup> wrongs he hath done to any, and this pore plantation in + spetiall. They that doe such things doe not only bring them selves into + snares, and sorrows, but many with them, (though in an other kind,) as + lamentable experience shows; and is too manifest in this bussines. + </p> + <p> + [186] Now about these ships & their setting forth, the truth, as farr + as could be learned, is this. The motion aboute setting forth y<sup>e</sup> + fishing ship (caled y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_342" + id="Page_342">[342]</a></span>Frindship) came first from y<sup>e</sup> + plantation, and y<sup>e</sup> reasons of it, as is before remembered; but + wholy left to them selves to doe or not to doe, as they saw cause. But + when it fell into consideration, and y<sup>e</sup> designe was held to be + profitable and hopefull, it was propounded by some of them, why might not + they doe it of them selves, seeing they must disburse all y<sup>e</sup> + money, and what need they have any refferance to y<sup>e</sup> plantation + in y<sup>t</sup>; they might take y<sup>e</sup> profile them selves, + towards other losses, & need not let y<sup>e</sup> plantation share + therin; and if their ends were other wise answered for their supplyes to + come too them in time, it would be well enough. So they hired her, & + set her out, and fraighted her as full as she could carry with passengers + goods y<sup>t</sup> belonged to y<sup>e</sup> Massachussets, which rise to + a good sume of money; intending to send y<sup>e</sup> plantations supply + in y<sup>e</sup> other ship. The effecte of this M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley + not only declared afterward upon occasion, but affirmed upon othe, taken + before y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> & Dep: Gov<sup>r</sup> of the + Massachusets, M<sup>r</sup>. Winthrop & M<sup>r</sup>. Dudley: That + this ship-Frindship was not sett out nor intended for y<sup>e</sup> joynt + partnership of y<sup>e</sup> plantation, but for y<sup>e</sup> perticuler + accounte of M<sup>r</sup>. James Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachampe, M<sup>r</sup>. + Andrews, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, & him selfe. This deposition was + taken at Boston y<sup>e</sup> 29. of Aug: 1639. as is to be seen under + their hands; besids some other concurente testimonies declared at severall + times to sundrie of them. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + About y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell, though she was first bought, or at least + the price beaten, by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton (at Bristoll), yet that had + been nothing if M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley had not liked it, and disbursed y<sup>e</sup> + money. And that she was not intended for y<sup>e</sup> plantation appears + by sundrie evidences;<a name="FNanchor_CZ_104" id="FNanchor_CZ_104"></a><a + href="#Footnote_CZ_104" class="fnanchor">[CZ]</a> as, first, y<sup>e</sup> + bills of sale, or charter-parties, were taken in their owne names, without + any mention or refferance to y<sup>e</sup> plantation at all; viz. M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachampe, M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, M<sup>r</sup>. + Denison, and M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton; for M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley fell + off, and would not joyne with them in this. That she was not bought for + their accounte, M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley tooke his oath before y<sup>e</sup> + parties afforesaid, y<sup>e</sup> day and year above writen. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton tooke his oath to like effecte concerning this + ship, the Whit-Angell, before y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> & Deputie, + the 7. of Sep: 1639. and likewise deposed, y<sup>e</sup> same time, that M<sup>r</sup>. + Hatherley and him selfe did, in the behalfe of them selves and y<sup>e</sup> + said M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, & M<sup>r</sup>. + Beachamp, agree and undertake to discharge, and save harmless, all y<sup>e</sup> + rest of y<sup>e</sup> partners & purchasers, of and from y<sup>e</sup> + said losses of Freindship for 200<sup>li</sup>., which was to be + discounted therupon; as by ther depossitions (which are in writing) may + appeare more at large, and some other depositions & other <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a></span>testemonies + by M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow,<a name="FNanchor_DA_105" id="FNanchor_DA_105"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DA_105" class="fnanchor">[DA]</a> &c. But I suppose + these may be sufficente to evince the truth in these things, against all + pretences to y<sup>e</sup> contrary. And yet the burthen lay still upon y<sup>e</sup> + plantation; or, to speake more truly and rightly, upon those few that were + ingaged for all, for they were faine to wade through these things without + any help from any. + </p> + <p> + [187] Concerning M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's accounts, they were so larg and + intrecate, as they could not well understand them, much less examine & + correcte them, without a great deale of time & help, and his owne + presence, which was now hard to gett amongst them; and it was 2. or 3. + years before they could bring them to any good pass, but never make them + perfecte. I know not how it came to pass, or what misterie was in it, for + he tooke upon him to make up all accounts till this time, though M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley was their agente to buy & sell their goods, and did more then + he therin; yet he past in accounts in a maner for all disbursments, both + concerning goods bought, which he never saw, <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span>but were done when he was + hear in y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie or at sea; and all y<sup>e</sup> expences of + y<sup>e</sup> Leyden people, done by others in his absence; the charges + aboute y<sup>e</sup> patente, &c. In all which he made them debtore to + him above 300<sup>li</sup>. and demanded paimente of it. But when things + came to scaning, he was found above 2000<sup>li</sup>. debtore to them, + (this wherin M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley & he being joyntly ingaged, + which he only had, being included,) besids I know not how much y<sup>t</sup> + could never be cleared; and interest moneys which ate them up, which he + never accounted. Also they were faine to alow such large bills of charges + as were intolerable; the charges of y<sup>e</sup> patent came to above 500<sup>li</sup>. + and yet nothing done in it but what was done at first without any + confirmation; 30<sup>li</sup>. given at a clape, and 50<sup>li</sup>. + spent in a journey. No marvell therfore if M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley said in + his leter, if their bussines had been better managed, they might have been + y<sup>e</sup> richest plantation of any English at y<sup>t</sup> time. + Yea, he scrued up his poore old father in law's accounte to above 200<sup>li</sup>. + and brought it on y<sup>e</sup> generall accounte, and to befreind him + made most of it to arise out of those goods taken up by him at Bristoll, + at 50. per cent., because he knew they would never let it lye on y<sup>e</sup> + old man, when, alass! he, poore man, never dreamte of any such thing, nor + y<sup>t</sup> what he had could arise nere y<sup>t</sup> valew; but + thought that many of them had been freely bestowed on him & his + children by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton. Nither in truth did they come nere y<sup>t</sup> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span>valew + in worth, but y<sup>t</sup> sume was blowne up by interest & high + prises, which y<sup>e</sup> company did for y<sup>e</sup> most parte bear, + (he deserving farr more,) being most sory that he should have a name to + have much, when he had in effecte litle. + </p> + <p> + This year also M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley sent over an accounte, which was in + a maner but a cash accounte what M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had had of them, + and disbursed, for which he referd to his accounts; besids an account of + beaver sould, which M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow & some others had carried + over, and a large supply of goods which M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow had sent + & brought over, all which was comprised in that accounte, and all y<sup>e</sup> + disbursments aboute y<sup>e</sup> Freindship, & Whit-Angell, and what + concerned their accounts from first to last; or any thing else he could + charg y<sup>e</sup> partners with. So they were made debtor in y<sup>e</sup> + foote of that accounte 4770<sup>li</sup> 19. 2.<a name="FNanchor_DB_106" + id="FNanchor_DB_106"></a><a href="#Footnote_DB_106" class="fnanchor">[DB]</a> + besids 1000<sup>li</sup>. still due for y<sup>e</sup> purchase yet + unpayed; notwithstanding all y<sup>e</sup> beaver, and returnes that both + Ashley & they had made, which were not small. + </p> + <p> + [188] In these accounts of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's some things were + obscure, and some things twise charged, as a 100. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span>of Bastable ruggs which came + in y<sup>e</sup> Freindship, & cost 75<sup>li</sup>., charged before + by M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, and now by him againe, with other perticulers + of like nature doubtfull, to be twise or thrise charged; as also a sume of + 600<sup>li</sup>. which M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton deneyed, and they could + never understand for what it was. They sent a note of these & such + like things afterward to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley by M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow; + but (I know not how it came to pass) could never have them explained. + </p> + <p> + Into these deepe sumes had M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton rune them in tow years, + for in y<sup>e</sup> later end of y<sup>e</sup> year 1628. all their debts + did not amounte to much above 400<sup>li</sup>., as was then noted; and + now come to so many thousands. And wheras in y<sup>e</sup> year 1629. M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley & M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley being at Bristoll, and write a + large letter from thence, in which they had given an account of y<sup>e</sup> + debts, and what sumes were then disbursed, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton never + left begging & intreating of them till they had put it out. So they + bloted out 2. lines in y<sup>t</sup> leter in which y<sup>e</sup> sumes + were contained, and write upon it so as not a word could be perceived; as + since by them was confessed, and by y<sup>e</sup> leters may be seene. And + thus were they kept hoodwinckte, till now they were so deeply ingaged. And + wheras M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley did so ernestly press y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton might be sent over to finish y<sup>e</sup> great bussines aboute + y<sup>e</sup> patente, as may be seen in his leter write 1629. as is + before recorded, and y<sup>t</sup> they should be ernest w<sup>th</sup> + his wife to suffer him <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_348" + id="Page_348">[348]</a></span>to goe, &c., he hath since confessed by + a letter under my hands, that it was M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's owne + doings, and not his, and he made him write his words, & not his owne. + The patent was but a pretence, and not y<sup>e</sup> thing. Thus were they + abused in their simplicitie, and no beter then bought & sould, as it + may seeme. + </p> + <p> + And to mend y<sup>e</sup> matter, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton doth in a sorte + wholy now deserte them; having brought them into y<sup>e</sup> briers, he + leaves them to gett out as they can. But God crost him mightily, for he + having hired y<sup>e</sup> ship of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherly at 30<sup>li</sup>., + a month, he set forth againe with a most wicked and drunken crue, and for + covetousnes sake did so over lade her, not only filling her hould, but so + stufed her betweene decks, as she was walte, and could not bear sayle, and + they had like to have been cast away at sea, and were forced to put for + Millford Havene, and new-stow her, & put some of ther ordnance & + more heavie goods in y<sup>e</sup> botome; which lost them time, and made + them come late into y<sup>e</sup> countrie, lose ther season, and made a + worse viage then y<sup>e</sup> year before. But being come into y<sup>e</sup> + countrie, he sells trading comodities to any y<sup>t</sup> will buy, to y<sup>e</sup> + great prejudice of y<sup>e</sup> plantation here; but that which is worse, + what he could not sell, he trustes; and sets up a company of base felows + and maks them traders, to rune into every hole, & into y<sup>e</sup> + river of Kenebeck, to gleane away y<sup>e</sup> trade from y<sup>e</sup> + house ther, aboute y<sup>e</sup> patente & priviledge wherof he had + dasht away so <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span>much + money of theirs here; [189] and now what in him lay went aboute to take + away y<sup>e</sup> benefite therof, and to overthrow them. Yea, not only + this, but he furnishes a company, and joyns with some consorts, (being now + deprived of Ashley at Penobscote,) and sets up a trading house beyoned + Penobscote, to cute of y<sup>e</sup> trade from thence also. But y<sup>e</sup> + French perceiving that that would be greatly to their damage allso, they + came in their begining before they were well setled, and displanted them, + slue 2. of their men, and tooke all their goods to a good valew, y<sup>e</sup> + loss being most, if not all, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton's; for though some of + them should have been his partners, yet he trusted them for their partes; + the rest of y<sup>e</sup> men were sent into France, and this was the end + of y<sup>t</sup> projecte. The rest of those he trusted, being lose and + drunken fellows, did for y<sup>e</sup> most parte but coussen & cheate + him of all they got into their hands; that howsoever he did his friends + some hurte hereby for y<sup>e</sup> presente, yet he gate litle good, but + wente by y<sup>e</sup> loss by Gods just hand. After in time, when he came + to Plim̅oth, y<sup>e</sup> church caled him to accounte for these, + and other his grosse miscarrages; he confessed his faulte, and promised + better walking, and that he would wind him selfe out of these courses as + soone as he could, &c. + </p> + <p> + This year also Mr. Sherley would needs send them over a new-acountante; he + had made mention of such a thing y<sup>e</sup> year before, but they write + him word, that <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span>their + charge was great allready, and they neede not increase it, as this would; + but if they were well delte with, and had their goods well sent over, they + could keep their accounts hear them selves. Yet he now sente one, which + they did not refuse, being a yonger brother of M<sup>r</sup>. Winslows, + whom they had been at charge to instructe at London before he came. He + came over in the White Angell with M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, and ther + begane his first imploymente; for though M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley had so + farr befreinded Mr. Allerton, as to cause<a name="FNanchor_DC_107" + id="FNanchor_DC_107"></a><a href="#Footnote_DC_107" class="fnanchor">[DC]</a> + M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow to ship y<sup>e</sup> supply sente to y<sup>e</sup> + partners here in this ship, and give him 4<sup>li</sup>. p̲er tune, + wheras others carried for 3. and he made them pay their fraight ready + downe, before y<sup>e</sup> ship wente out of y<sup>e</sup> harbore, + wheras others payed upon certificate of y<sup>e</sup> goods being + delivered, and their fraight came to upward of 6. score pounds, yet they + had much adoe to have their goods delivered, for some of them were + chainged, as bread & pease; they were forced to take worse for better, + neither could they ever gett all. And if Josias Winslow had not been ther, + it had been worse; for he had y<sup>e</sup> invoyce, and order to send + them to y<sup>e</sup> trading houses. + </p> + <p> + This year their house at Penobscott was robed by y<sup>e</sup> French, and + all their goods of any worth they carried away, to y<sup>e</sup> value of + 400. or 500<sup>li</sup>. as y<sup>e</sup> cost first peny worth; in + beaver 300<sup>li</sup>. waight; and y<sup>e</sup> rest in trading <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span>goods, as + coats, ruggs, blankett, biskett, &c. It was in this maner. The m<sup>r</sup>. + of y<sup>e</sup> house, and parte of y<sup>e</sup> company with him, were + come with their vessell to y<sup>e</sup> westward to fecth a supply of + goods which was brought over for them. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time comes a + smale French ship into y<sup>e</sup> harbore (and amongst y<sup>e</sup> + company was a false Scott); they pretended they were nuly come from y<sup>e</sup> + sea, and knew not wher they were, and that their vesell was very leake, + and desired they might hale her a shore and stop their leaks. And many + French complements they used, and congees they made; and in y<sup>e</sup> + ende, seeing but 3. or 4. simple men, y<sup>t</sup> were servants, and by + this Scoth-man understanding that y<sup>e</sup> maister & ye rest of y<sup>e</sup> + company were gone from home, they fell of comending their gunes and + muskets, that lay upon racks by y<sup>e</sup> wall side, and tooke them + downe to looke on them, asking if they were charged. And when they were + possesst of them, one presents a peece ready charged against y<sup>e</sup> + servants, and another a pistoll; and bid them not sturr, but quietly + deliver them their goods, and carries some of y<sup>e</sup> men aborde, + & made y<sup>e</sup> other help to carry away y<sup>e</sup> goods. And + when they had tooke what they pleased, they sett them at liberty, and + wente their way, with this mocke, biding them tell their m<sup>r</sup>. + when he came, that some of y<sup>e</sup> Ile of Rey gentlemen had been + ther.<a name="FNanchor_DD_108" id="FNanchor_DD_108"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DD_108" class="fnanchor">[DD]</a> + </p> + <p> + <a name="FNanchor_DE_109" id="FNanchor_DE_109"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DE_109" class="fnanchor">[DE]</a> <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a></span>This year, on S<sup>r</sup> + Christopher Gardener, being, as him selfe said, descended of y<sup>t</sup> + house y<sup>t</sup> the Bishop of Winchester came of (who was so great a + persecutor of Gods saincts in Queene Maries days), and being a great + traveler, received his first honour of knighthood at Jerusalem, being made + Knight of y<sup>e</sup> Sepulcher ther. He came into these parts under + pretence of forsaking y<sup>e</sup> world, and to live a private life, in + a godly course, not unwilling to put him selfe upon any meane imployments, + and take any paines for his living; and some time offered him selfe to + joyne to y<sup>e</sup> churchs in sundry places. He brought over with him + a servante or 2. and a comly yonge woman, whom be caled his cousin, but it + was suspected, she (after y<sup>e</sup> Italian maner) was his concubine. + Living at y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, for some miscariages which he should + have answered, he fled away from authority, and gott amonge y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans of these parts; they sent after him, but could not gett him, and + promissed some reward to those y<sup>t</sup> should find him. The Indeans + came to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> here, and tould wher he was, and + asked if they might kill him; he tould them no, by no means, but if they + could take him and bring him hither, they should be payed for their + paines. They said he had a gune & a rapier, & he would kill them + if y<sup>ey</sup> went aboute it; and y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></span>Massachuset Indeans said + they might kille him. But y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> tould them no, + they should not kill him, but watch their opportunitie, & take him. + And so they did, for when they light of him by a river side, he got into a + canowe to get from them, & when they came nere him, whilst he + presented his peece at them to keep them of, the streame carried y<sup>e</sup> + canow against a rock, and tumbled both him & his peece & rapier + into y<sup>e</sup> water; yet he got out, and having a litle dagger by his + side, they durst not close with him, but getting longe pols they soone + beat his dagger out of his hand, so he was glad to yeeld; and they brought + him to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>. But his hands and armes were swolen + & very sore with y<sup>e</sup> blowes they had given him. So he used + him kindly, & sent him to a lodging wher his armes were bathed and + anoynted, and he was quickly well againe, and blamed y<sup>e</sup> Indeans + for beating him so much. They said that they did but a litle whip him with + sticks. In his lodging, those y<sup>t</sup> made his bed found a litle + note booke that by accidente had slipt out of his pockett, or some private + place, in which was a memoriall what day he was reconciled to y<sup>e</sup> + pope & church of Rome, and in what universitie he tooke his scapula, + and such & such degrees. It being brought to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup>, + he kept it, and sent y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> of y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets word of his taking, who sent for him. So y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + sent him and these notes to y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> ther, who tooke + it very thankfuly; but after he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_354" + id="Page_354">[354]</a></span>gott for England, he shewed his malice, but + God prevented him. + </p> + <p> + See y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> leter on y<sup>e</sup> other side.<a + name="FNanchor_DF_110" id="FNanchor_DF_110"></a><a href="#Footnote_DF_110" + class="fnanchor">[DF]</a> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: It hath pleased God to bring S<sup>r</sup>. Christopher + Gardener safe to us, with thos that came with him. And howsoever I never + intended any hard measure to him, but to respecte and use him according + to his qualitie, yet I let him know your care of him, and y<sup>t</sup> + he shall speed y<sup>e</sup> better for your mediation. It was a + spetiall providence of God to bring those notes of his to our hands; I + desire y<sup>t</sup> you will please to speake to all y<sup>t</sup> are + privie to them, not to discovere them to any one, for y<sup>t</sup> may + frustrate y<sup>e</sup> means of any further use to be made of them. The + good Lord our God who hath allways ordered things for y<sup>e</sup> good + of his poore churches here, directe us in this arighte, and dispose it + to a good issue. I am sorie we put you to so much trouble about this + gentleman, espetialy at this time of great imploymente, but I know not + how to avoyed it. I must againe intreate you, to let me know what charge + & troble any of your people have been at aboute him, y<sup>t</sup> + it may be recompenced. So with the true affection of a frind, desiring + all happines to your selfe & yours, and to all my worthy friends + with you (whom I love in y<sup>e</sup> Lord), I comende you to his grace + & good providence, & rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your most assured friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Winthrop.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Boston, May 5. 1631. + </div> + </div> + <p> + By occation wherof I will take a litle libertie to declare what fell out + by this mans means & malice, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_355" + id="Page_355">[355]</a></span>complying with others. And though I doubt + not but it will be more fully done by my honourd friends, whom it did more + directly concerne, and have more perticuler knowledg of y<sup>e</sup> + matter, yet I will here give a hinte of y<sup>e</sup> same, and Gods + providence in preventing y<sup>e</sup> hurte that might have come by y<sup>e</sup> + same. The intelligence I had by a letter from my much hon<sup>d</sup> and + beloved friend, Mr. John Winthrop, Gov<sup>r</sup> of y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: Upon a petition exhibited by S<sup>r</sup>. Christo: + Gardner, S<sup>r</sup>. Ferd: Gorges, Captaine Masson, &c., against + you and us, the cause was heard before y<sup>e</sup> lords of y<sup>e</sup> + Privie Counsell, and after reported to y<sup>e</sup> king, the sucsess + wherof maks it evident to all, that y<sup>e</sup> Lord hath care of his + people hear. The passages are admirable, and too long to write. I + hartily wish an opportunitie to imparte them unto you, being māy + sheets of paper. But y<sup>e</sup> conclusion was (against all mens + expectation) an order for our incouragmente, and much blame and disgrace + upon y<sup>e</sup> adversaries, w<sup>ch</sup> calls for much + thankfullnes from us all, which we purpose (y<sup>e</sup> Lord willing) + to express in a day of thanks-giving to our mercifull God, (I doubt not + but you will consider, if it be not fitt for you to joyne in it,) who, + as he hath humbled us by his late correction, so he hath lifted us up, + by an abundante rejoysing, in our deliverance out of so desperate a + danger; so as that w<sup>ch</sup> our enemies builte their hopes upon to + ruine us by, He hath mercifully disposed to our great advantage, as I + shall further aquainte you, when occasion shall serve. + </p> + <p> + The coppy of y<sup>e</sup> order follows. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span> + </p> + <p class="center"> + At y<sup>e</sup> courte at Whit-hall y<sup>e</sup> 19. Jan: 1632. + </p> + <p style="margin-left:4em;"> + Present<br /> <br /> <i>Sigillum</i> Lord Privie Seale<br /> Ea: of Dorsett<br /> + Lo: Vi: Falkland<br /> Lo: Bp: of London<br /> Lord Cottinton<br /> M<sup>r</sup>. + Tre<sup>r</sup><br /> M<sup>r</sup>. Vic Chamb<sup>r</sup><br /> M<sup>r</sup>. + Sec: Cooke<br /> Maister Sec: Windebanck<br /> + </p> + <p> + Wheras his Ma<sup>tie</sup> hath latly been informed of great + distraction and much disorder in y<sup>t</sup> plantation in y<sup>e</sup> + parts of America called New-England, which, if they be true, & + suffered to rune on, would tende to y<sup>e</sup> great dishonour of + this kingdome, and utter ruine of that plantation. For prevention + wherof, and for y<sup>e</sup> orderly settling of goverment, according + to y<sup>e</sup> intention of those patents which have been granted by + his Ma<sup>tie</sup> and from his late royall father king James, it hath + pleased his Ma<sup>tie</sup> that y<sup>e</sup> lords & others of + his most honourable Privie Counsell, should take y<sup>e</sup> same into + consideration. Their lordships in y<sup>e</sup> first place thought fitt + to make a comitie of this bord, to take examination of y<sup>e</sup> + matters informed; which comitties having called diverse of y<sup>e</sup> + principall adventurers in y<sup>t</sup> plantation, and heard those that + are complanants against them, most of the things informed being deneyed, + and resting to be proved by parties that must be called from y<sup>t</sup> + place, which required a long expence of time; and at presente their + lordships finding the adventurers were upon dispatch of men, victles, + and marchandice for y<sup>t</sup> place, all which would be at a stand, + if y<sup>e</sup> adventurers should have discouragmente, or take + suspition that the state hear had no good opinion of y<sup>t</sup> + plantation; their lordships, not laying the faulte or fancies (if any + be) of some perticuler men upon the generall govermente, or principall + adventurers, (which in due time is further to be <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a></span>inquired into,) have + thought fitt in y<sup>e</sup> meane time to declare, that the + appearences were so faire, and hopes so greate, y<sup>t</sup> the + countrie would prove both beneficiall to this kingdom, and profitable to + the perticuler adventurers, as y<sup>t</sup> the adventurers had cause + to goe on cherfully with their undertakings, and rest assured, if things + were carried as was pretended when y<sup>e</sup> patents were granted, + and accordingly as by the patentes it is appointed, his Majestie would + not only maintaine the liberties & privileges heretofore granted, + but supply any thing further that might tend to the good govermente, + prosperitie, and comforte of his people ther of that place, &c. + </p> + <p class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">William Trumball.</span> + </p> + </div> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1632" id="a1632"></a><i>Anno Dom</i>: 1632. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, returning for England, litle regarded his bound + of a 1000<sup>li</sup>. to performe covenants; for wheras he was bound by + y<sup>e</sup> same to bring y<sup>e</sup> ship to [190] London, and to pay + 30<sup>li</sup>. per month for her hire, he did neither of boath, for he + carried her to Bristoll againe, from whence he intended to sett her out + againe, and so did y<sup>e</sup> 3. time, into these parts (as after will + appear); and though she had been 10. months upon y<sup>e</sup> former + viage, at 30<sup>li</sup>. p̲<sup>r</sup> month, yet he never payed + peney for hire. It should seeme he knew well enough how to deale with M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley. And M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, though he would needs tye her & + her accounte upon y<sup>e</sup> generall, yet he would dispose of her as + him selfe pleased; for though M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow had in their names + protested against y<sup>e</sup> receiving her on y<sup>t</sup> accounte, + or if <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></span>ever + they should hope to preveile in shuch a thing, yet never to suffer M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton to have any more to doe in her, yet he y<sup>e</sup> last year + let her wholy unto him, and injoyned them to send all their supplye in her + to their prejudice, as is before noted. And now, though he broke his + bonds, kepte no covenante, paid no hire, nor was ever like to keep + covenants, yet now he goes and sells him all, both ship, & all her + accounts, from first to last (and in effecte he might as well have given + him y<sup>e</sup> same); and not only this, but he doth as good as provide + a sanctuary for him, for he gives him one years time to prepare his + accounte, and then to give up y<sup>e</sup> same to them here; and then + another year for him to make paymente of what should be due upon y<sup>t</sup> + accounte. And in y<sup>e</sup> mean time writs ernestly to them not to + interupte or hinder him from his bussines, or stay him aboute clearing + accounts, &c.; so as he in y<sup>e</sup> mean time gathers up all + monies due for fraighte, and any other debtes belonging either to her, or + y<sup>e</sup> Frindship's accounts, as his owne perticuler; and after, + sells ship, & ordnans, fish, & what he had raised, in Spaine, + according to y<sup>e</sup> first designe, in effecte; and who had, or what + became of y<sup>e</sup> money, he best knows. In y<sup>e</sup> mean time + their hands were bound, and could doe nothing but looke on, till he had + made all away into other mens hands (save a few catle & a litle land + & some small maters he had here at Plimoth), and so in y<sup>e</sup> + end removed, as he had allready his person, so all <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></span>his from hence. This will + better appere by M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley's leter. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: These few lines are further to give you to understand, + that seeing you & we, that never differed yet but aboute y<sup>e</sup> + White-Angell, which somewhat troubleth us, as I perceive it doth you. + And now M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton beeing here, we have had some + confferance with him about her, and find him very willing to give you + & us all contente y<sup>t</sup> possiblie he can, though he burthen + him selfe. He is contente to take y<sup>e</sup> White-Angell wholy on + him selfe, notwithstanding he mett with pirates nere y<sup>e</sup> coast + of Ierland, which tooke away his best sayles & other provissions + from her; so as verily if we should now sell her, she would yeeld but a + small price, besids her ordnance. And to set her forth againe with fresh + money we would not, she being now at Bristoll. Wherfore we thought it + best, both for you & us, M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton being willing to + take her, to accepte of his bond of tow thousand pounds, to give [191] + you a true & perfecte accounte, and take y<sup>e</sup> whole charge + of y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell wholy to him selfe, from y<sup>e</sup> + first to y<sup>e</sup> last. The accounte he is to make and perfecte + within 12. months from y<sup>e</sup> date of this letter, and then to + pay you at 6. and 6. months after, what soever shall be due unto you and + us upon the foote of y<sup>t</sup> accounte. And verily, notwithstanding + all y<sup>e</sup> disasters he hath had, I am perswaded he hath enough + to pay all men here and ther. Only they must have patience till he can + gather in what is due to him ther. I doe not write this slightly, but + upon some ground of what I have seen (and perhaps you know not of) under + y<sup>e</sup> hands & seals of some, &c. I rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your assured friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Des: 6. 1632. + </div> + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + But heres not a word of y<sup>e</sup> breach of former bonds & + covenants, or paimente of y<sup>e</sup> ships hire; this is passt by as if + no such thing had been; besids what bonds or obligments so ever they had + of him, ther never came any into y<sup>e</sup> hands or sight of y<sup>e</sup> + partners here. And for this y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley seems to + intimate (as a secrete) of his abilitie, under y<sup>e</sup> hands & + seals of some, it was but a trick, having gathered up an accounte of what + was owing form such base fellows as he had made traders for him, and other + debts; and then got M<sup>r</sup>. Mahue, & some others, to affirme + under their hand & seale, that they had seen shuch accounts y<sup>t</sup> + were due to him. + </p> + <p> + Mr. Hatherley came over againe this year, but upon his owne occasions, and + begane to make preparation to plant & dwell in y<sup>e</sup> countrie. + He with his former dealings had wound in what money he had in y<sup>e</sup> + patnership into his owne hands, and so gave off all partnership (excepte + in name), as was found in y<sup>e</sup> issue of things; neither did he + medle, or take any care aboute y<sup>e</sup> same; only he was troubled + about his ingagmente aboute y<sup>e</sup> Friendship, as will after + appeare. And now partly aboute y<sup>t</sup> accounte, in some reconings + betweene M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton and him, and some debts y<sup>t</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton otherwise owed him upon dealing between them in perticuler, he + drue up an accounte of above 2000<sup>li</sup>., and would faine have + ingaged y<sup>e</sup> partners here with it, because M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton had been their agent. But they <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a></span>tould him they had been + fool'd longe enough with such things, and shewed him y<sup>t</sup> it no + way belonged to them; but tould him he must looke to make good his + ingagment for y<sup>e</sup> Freindship, which caused some trouble betweene + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton and him. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. William Peirce did y<sup>e</sup> like, M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton being wound into his debte also upon particuler dealings; as if + they had been bound to make good all mens debts. But they easily shooke + off these things. But M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton herby rane into much trouble + & vexation, as well as he had troubled others, for M<sup>r</sup>. + Denison sued him for y<sup>e</sup> money he had disbursed for y<sup>e</sup> + 6. part of y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell, & recovered y<sup>e</sup> same + with damages. + </p> + <p> + Though y<sup>e</sup> partners were thus plūged into great ingagments, + & oppresed with unjust debts, yet y<sup>e</sup> Lord prospered their + trading, that they made yearly large returnes, and had soone wound them + selves out of all, if yet they had otherwise been well delt with all; as + will more appear here after. [192] Also y<sup>e</sup> people of y<sup>e</sup> + plantation begane to grow in their owtward estats, by reason<a + name="FNanchor_DG_111" id="FNanchor_DG_111"></a><a href="#Footnote_DG_111" + class="fnanchor">[DG]</a> of y<sup>e</sup> flowing of many people into y<sup>e</sup> + cuntrie, espetially into y<sup>e</sup> Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets; + by which means corne & catle rose to a great prise, by w<sup>ch</sup> + many were much inriched, and com̅odities grue plentifull; and yet in + other regards this benefite turned to their hurte, and this accession of + strength to their weaknes. For now as their stocks increased, and y<sup>e</sup> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a></span>increse + vendible, ther was no longer any holding them togeather, but now they must + of necessitie goe to their great lots; they could not other wise keep + their katle; and having oxen growne, they must have land for plowing & + tillage. And no man now thought he could live, except he had catle and a + great deale of ground to keep them; all striving to increase their stocks. + By which means they were scatered all over y<sup>e</sup> bay, quickly, and + y<sup>e</sup> towne, in which they lived compactly till now, was left very + thine, and in a short time allmost desolate. And if this had been all, it + had been less, thoug to much; but y<sup>e</sup> church must also be + devided, and those y<sup>t</sup> had lived so long togeather in Christian + & comfortable fellowship must now part and suffer many divissions. + First, those that lived on their lots on y<sup>e</sup> other side of the + bay (called Duxberie) they could not long bring their wives & children + to y<sup>e</sup> publick worship & church meetings here, but with such + burthen, as, growing to some competente number, they sued to be dismissed + and become a body of them selves; and so they were dismiste (about this + time), though very unwillingly. But to touch this sadd matter, and handle + things together that fell out afterward. To prevent any further scatering + from this place, and weakning of y<sup>e</sup> same, it was thought best + to give out some good farms to spetiall persons, y<sup>t</sup> would + promise to live at Plimoth, and lickly to be helpfull to y<sup>e</sup> + church or comonewelth, and so tye y<sup>e</sup> lands to <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a></span>Plimoth + as farmes for the same; and ther they might keepe their catle & + tillage by some servants, and retaine their dwellings here. And so some + spetiall lands were granted at a place generall, called Greens Harbor, + wher no allotments had been in y<sup>e</sup> former divission, a plase + very weell meadowed, and fitt to keep & rear catle, good store. But + alass! this remedy proved worse then y<sup>e</sup> disease; for w<sup>th</sup>in + a few years those that had thus gott footing ther rente them selves away, + partly by force, and partly wearing y<sup>e</sup> rest with importunitie + and pleas of necessitie, so as they must either suffer them to goe, or + live in continuall opposition and contention. And others still, as y<sup>ey</sup> + conceived them selves straitened, or to want accom̅odation, break + away under one pretence or other, thinking their owne conceived + necessitie, and the example of others, a warrente sufficente for them. And + this, I fear, will be y<sup>e</sup> ruine of New-England, at least of y<sup>e</sup> + churches of God ther, & will provock y<sup>e</sup> Lords displeasure + against them. + </p> + <p> + [193] This year, M<sup>r</sup>. William Perce came into y<sup>e</sup> + cuntry, & brought goods and passengers, in a ship caled y<sup>e</sup> + Lyon, which belonged cheefly to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, and y<sup>e</sup> + rest of y<sup>e</sup> London partners, but these hear had nothing to doe + with her. In this ship (besides beaver which they had sent home before) + they sent upwards of 800<sup>li</sup>. in her, and some otter skines; and + also y<sup>e</sup> coppies of M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons accounts, desiring + that they would also peruse & examene them, and rectifie shuch <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a></span>things as + they should find amise in them; and rather because they were better + acquaynted with y<sup>e</sup> goods bought ther, and y<sup>e</sup> + disbursments made, then they could bee here; yea, a great part were done + by them selves, though M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton brougt in y<sup>e</sup> + accounte, and sundry things seemed to them obscure and had need of + clearing. Also they sente a booke of exceptions against his accounts, in + such things as they could manifest, and doubted not but they might adde + more therunto. And also shewed them how much M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton was + debtor to y<sup>e</sup> accounte; and desired, seeing they had now put y<sup>e</sup> + ship White-Angell, and all, wholy into his power, and tyed their hands + here, that they could not call him to accounte for any thinge, till y<sup>e</sup> + time was expired which they had given him, and by that time other men + would get their debts of him, (as sume had done already by suing him,) and + he would make all away here quickly out of their reach; and therfore + prayed them to looke to things, and gett paymente of him ther, as it was + all y<sup>e</sup> reason they should, seeing they keept all y<sup>e</sup> + bonds & covenants they made with him in their owne hands; and here + they could doe nothing by y<sup>e</sup> course they had taken, nor had any + thing to show if they should goe aboute it. But it pleased God, this ship, + being first to goe to Verginia before she wente home, was cast away on y<sup>t</sup> + coast, not farr from Virginia, and their beaver was all lost (which was y<sup>e</sup> + first loss they sustained in that <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_365" + id="Page_365">[365]</a></span>kind); but M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce & y<sup>e</sup> + men saved their lives, and also their leters, and gott into Virginia, and + so safly home. Y<sup>e</sup> accounts were now sent from hence againe to + them. And thus much of y<sup>e</sup> passages of this year. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <i>A part of M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce his leter<a name="FNanchor_DH_112" + id="FNanchor_DH_112"></a><a href="#Footnote_DH_112" class="fnanchor">[DH]</a> + from Virginia.</i> + </p> + <p> + It was dated in Des: 25. 1632. and came to their hand y<sup>e</sup> 7. of + Aprill, before they heard any thing from England. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Dear freinds, &c. Y<sup>e</sup> bruit of this fatall stroke that y<sup>e</sup> + Lord hath brought both on me and you all will come to your ears before + this com̅eth to your hands, (it is like,) and therfore I shall not + need to inlarg in perticulers, &c. My whole estate (for y<sup>e</sup> + most parte) is taken away; and so yours, in a great measure, by this and + your former losses [he means by y<sup>e</sup> French & M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton]. It is time to looke aboute us, before y<sup>e</sup> wrath of + y<sup>e</sup> Lord breake forth to utter destruction. The good Lord give + us all grace to search our harts and trie our ways, and turne unto y<sup>e</sup> + Lord, and humble our selves under his mightie hand, and seeke + atonemente, &c. Dear freinds, you may know y<sup>t</sup> all your + beaver, and y<sup>e</sup> books of your accounts, are swallowed up in y<sup>e</sup> + sea; your letters remaine with me, and shall be delivered, if God bring + me home. But what should I more say? Have we lost our outward estates? + yet a hapy loss if our soules may gaine; ther is yet more in y<sup>e</sup> + Lord Jehova than ever we had yet in y<sup>e</sup> world. Oh that our + foolish harts could yet be wained from y<sup>e</sup> things here below, + which are vanity and vexation <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_366" + id="Page_366">[366]</a></span>of spirite; and yet we fooles catch after + shadows, y<sup>t</sup> flye away, & are gone in a momente, &c. + Thus with my continuall remembrance of you in my poore desires to y<sup>e</sup> + throne of grace, beseeching God to renew his love & favoure towards + you all, in & through y<sup>e</sup> Lord Jesus Christ, both in + spirituall & temporall good things, as may be most to the glory + & praise of his name, and your everlasting good. So I rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Your afflicted brother in Christ, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">William Peirce.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Virginia, Des: 25. 1632. + </div> + </div> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1633" id="a1633"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1633.</i> + </p> + <p> + This year M<sup>r</sup>. Ed: Winslow was chosen Governor. + </p> + <p> + By the first returne this year, they had leters from M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley of M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons further ill success, and y<sup>e</sup> + loss by M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce, with many sadd complaints; but litle hope + of any thinge to be gott of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, or how their accounts + might be either eased, or any way rectified by them ther; but now saw + plainly y<sup>t</sup> the burthen of all would be cast on their backs. The + spetiall passages of his letters I shall here inserte, as shall be + pertinente to these things; for though I am weary of this tedious & + uncomfortable subjecte, yet for y<sup>e</sup> clearing of y<sup>e</sup> + truth I am compelled to be more larg in y<sup>e</sup> opening of these + matters, upon w<sup>ch</sup> [194] so much trouble hath insued, and so + many hard censures have passed on both sids. I would not be partiall to + either, but deliver y<sup>e</sup> truth in all, and, as nere as I can, in + their owne words and passages, and so leave it to the impartiall judgment + of any that shall <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[367]</a></span>come + to read, or veiw these things. His leters are as folow, dated June 24. + 1633. + </p> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 500px;"> + <img src="images/fig06.jpg" width="500" alt="" title="" /> <span + class="caption">EDWARD WINSLOW.</span> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Loving friends, my last<a name="FNanchor_DI_113" id="FNanchor_DI_113"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DI_113" class="fnanchor">[DI]</a> was sente in y<sup>e</sup> + Mary & John, by M<sup>r</sup>. William Collier, &c. I then + certified you of y<sup>e</sup> great, & uncomfortable, and + unseasonable loss you & we had, in y<sup>e</sup> loss of M<sup>r</sup>. + Peirce his ship, y<sup>e</sup> Lyon; but y<sup>e</sup> Lords holy name + be blessed, who gives & taks as it pleaseth him; his will be done, + Amen. I then related unto you y<sup>t</sup> fearfull accidente, or + rather judgmente, y<sup>e</sup> Lord pleased to lay on London Bridge, by + fire, and therin gave you a touch of my great loss; the Lord, I hope, + will give me patience to bear it, and faith to trust in him, & not + in these slipery and uncertaine things of this world. + </p> + <p> + I hope M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton is nere upon sayle with you by this; but + he had many disasters here before he could gett away; yet y<sup>e</sup> + last was a heavie one; his ship, going out of y<sup>e</sup> harbor at + Bristoll, by stormie weather was so farr driven on y<sup>e</sup> shore, + as it cost him above 100<sup>li</sup>. before shee could be gott off + againe. Verily his case was so lamentable as I could not but afford him + some help therin (and so did some were strangers to him); besids, your + goods were in her, and if he had not been supported, he must have broke + off his viage, and so loss could not have been avoyded on all sides. + When he first bought her, I thinke he had made a saving match, if he had + then sunck her, and never set her forth. I hope he sees y<sup>e</sup> + Lords hand against him, and will leave of these viages. I thinke we did + well in parting with her; she would have been but a clogge to y<sup>e</sup> + accounte from time to time, and now though we shall not gett much by way + of satisfaction, yet we shall lose no more. And now, as before I have + writte, I pray you finish all y<sup>e</sup> accounts and reconings with + him there; for here <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_368" + id="Page_368">[368]</a></span>he hath nothing, but many debtes that he + stands ingaged to many men for. Besids, here is not a man y<sup>t</sup> + will spend a day, or scarce an hower, aboute y<sup>e</sup> accounts but + my selfe, and y<sup>t</sup> bussines will require more time and help + then I can afford. I shall not need to say any more; I hope you will doe + y<sup>t</sup> which shall be best & just, to which adde mercie, and + consider his intente, though he failed in many perticulers, which now + cannot be helped, &c. + </p> + <p> + To morrow, or next day at furthest, we are to pay 300<sup>li</sup>. and + M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp is out of y<sup>e</sup> towne, yet y<sup>e</sup> + bussines I must doe. Oh the greefe & trouble y<sup>t</sup> man, M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton, hath brought upon you and us! I cannot forgett it, and to + thinke on it draws many a sigh from my harte, and teares from my eyes. + And now y<sup>e</sup> Lord hath visited me with an other great loss, yet + I can undergoe it with more patience. But this I have follishly pulled + upon my selfe, &c. [And in another, he hath this passage:] By M<sup>r</sup>. + Allertons faire propositions and large [195] promises, I have over rune + my selfe; verily, at this time greefe hinders me to write, and tears + will not suffer me to see; wherfore, as you love those that ever loved + you, and y<sup>t</sup> plantation, thinke upon us. Oh what shall I say + of that man, who hath abused your trust and wronged our loves! but now + to complaine is too late, nither can I complaine of your backwardnes, + for I am perswaded it lys as heavie on your harts, as it doth on our + purses or credites. And had y<sup>e</sup> Lord sent M<sup>r</sup>. + Peirce safe home, we had eased both you and us of some of those debts; + the Lord I hope will give us patience to bear these crosses; and that + great God, whose care & providence is every where, and spetially + over all those that desire truly to fear and serve him, direct, guid, + prosper, & blesse you so, as y<sup>t</sup> you may be able (as I + perswade my selfe you are willing) to discharge & take off this + great & heavie burthen which now lyes upon me for your saks; and I + hope in y<sup>e</sup> ende for y<sup>e</sup> good of you, and many + thousands <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[369]</a></span>more; + for had not you & we joyned & continued togeather, New-England + might yet have been scarce knowne, I am perswaded, not so replenished + & inhabited with honest English people, as it now is. The Lord + increase & blesse them, &c. So, with my continuall praiers for + you all, I rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your assured loving friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + June 24. 1633. + </div> + </div> + <p> + By this it apperes when M<sup>r</sup>. Sherly sould him y<sup>e</sup> ship + & all her accounts, it was more for M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons advantage + then theirs; and if they could get any there, well & good, for they + were like to have nothing here. And what course was held to hinder them + there, hath allready beene manifested. And though M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley + became more sinsible of his owne condition, by these losses, and therby + more sadly & plainly to complaine of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, yet no + course was taken to help them here, but all left unto them selves; not so + much as to examene & rectifie y<sup>e</sup> accounts, by which (it is + like) some hundereds of pounds might have been taken off. But very + probable it is, the more they saw was taken off, y<sup>e</sup> less might + come unto them selves. But I leave these maters, & come to other + things. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Roger Williams (a man godly & zealous, having many + precious parts, but very unsettled in judgmente) came over first to y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets, but upon some discontente left y<sup>t</sup> place, and came + hither, (wher he was friēdly entertained, according to their poore + abilitie,) and exercised his gifts amongst them, & after some <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[370]</a></span>time was + admitted a member of y<sup>e</sup> church; and his teaching well + approoved, for y<sup>e</sup> benefite wherof I still blese God, and am + thankfull to him, even for his sharpest admonitions & reproufs, so + farr as they agreed with truth. He this year begane to fall into some + strang oppiīons, and from opinion to practise; which caused some + controversie betweene y<sup>e</sup> church & him, and in y<sup>e</sup> + end some discontente on his parte, by occasion wherof he left them some + thing abruptly. Yet after wards sued for his dismission to y<sup>e</sup> + church of Salem, which was granted, with some caution to them concerning + him, and what care they ought to have of him. But he soone fell into more + things ther, both to their and y<sup>e</sup> governments troble and [196] + disturbance. I shall not need to name perticulers, they are too well + knowen now to all, though for a time y<sup>e</sup> church here wente under + some hard censure by his occasion, from some that afterwards smarted them + selves. But he is to be pitied, and prayed for, and so I shall leave y<sup>e</sup> + matter, and desire y<sup>e</sup> Lord to shew him his errors, and reduse + him into y<sup>e</sup> way of truth, and give him a setled judgment and + constancie in y<sup>e</sup> same; for I hope he belongs to y<sup>e</sup> + Lord, and y<sup>t</sup> he will shew him mercie. + </p> + <p> + Having had formerly converse and famliarity with y<sup>e</sup> Dutch, (as + is before remembred,) they, seeing them seated here in a barren quarter, + tould them of a river called by them y<sup>e</sup> Fresh River, but now is + known <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[371]</a></span>by + y<sup>e</sup> name of Conightecute-River, which they often com̅ended + unto them for a fine place both for plantation and trade, and wished them + to make use of it. But their hands being full otherwise, they let it pass. + But afterwards ther coming a company of banishte Indeans into these parts, + that were drivene out from thence by the potencie of y<sup>e</sup> + Pequents, which usurped upon them, and drive them from thence, they often + sollisited them to goe thither, and they should have much trad, espetially + if they would keep a house ther. And having now good store of comodities, + and allso need to looke out wher they could advantage them selves to help + them out of their great ingagments, they now begane to send that way to + discover y<sup>e</sup> same, and trade with y<sup>e</sup> natives. They + found it to be a fine place, but had no great store of trade; but y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans excused y<sup>e</sup> same in regard of y<sup>e</sup> season, and + the fear y<sup>e</sup> Indans were in of their enemise. So they tried + diverce times, not with out profite, but saw y<sup>e</sup> most certainty + would be by keeping a house ther, to receive y<sup>e</sup> trad when it + came down out of y<sup>e</sup> inland. These Indeans, not seeing them very + forward to build ther, solisited them of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets in + like sorte (for their end was to be restored to their countrie againe); + but they in y<sup>e</sup> Bay being but latly come, were not fitte for y<sup>e</sup> + same; but some of their cheefe made a motion to joyne w<sup>th</sup> the + partners here, to trad joyntly with them in y<sup>t</sup> river, the which + they were willing to imbrace, and so they <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[372]</a></span>should have builte, and put + in equall stock togeather. A time of meeting was appointed at y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets, and some of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe here was appointed to treat + with them, and went accordingly; but they cast many fears of deanger & + loss and the like, which was perceived to be the maine obstacles, though + they alledged they were not provided of trading goods. But those hear + offered at presente to put in sufficiente for both, provided they would + become ingaged for y<sup>e</sup> halfe, and prepare against y<sup>e</sup> + nexte year. They conffessed more could not be offered, but thanked them, + and tould them they had no mind to it. They then answered, they hoped it + would be no offence unto [197] them, if them sellves wente on without + them, if they saw it meete. They said ther was no reason they should; and + thus this treaty broake of, and those here tooke conveniente time to made + a begining ther; and were y<sup>e</sup> first English that both discovered + that place, and built in y<sup>e</sup> same, though they were litle better + then thrust out of it afterward as may appeare. + </p> + <p> + But y<sup>e</sup> Dutch begane now to repente, and hearing of their + purpose & preparation, indēoured to prevente them, and gott in a + litle before them, and made a slight forte, and planted 2. peeces of + ordnance, thretening to stopp their passage. But they having made a smale + frame of a house ready, and haveing a great new-barke, they stowed their + frame in her hold, & bords to cover & finishe it, having nayles + & all other <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[373]</a></span>provisions + fitting for their use. This they did y<sup>e</sup> rather that they might + have a presente defence against y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, who weare much + offended that they brought home & restored y<sup>e</sup> right Sachem + of y<sup>e</sup> place (called Natawanute); so as they were to incounter + with a duble danger in this attempte, both y<sup>e</sup> Dutch and y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans. When they came up y<sup>e</sup> river, the Dutch demanded what + they intended, and whither they would goe; they answered, up y<sup>e</sup> + river to trade (now their order was to goe and seat above them). They bid + them strike, & stay, or els they would shoote them; & stood by + ther ordnance ready fitted. They answered they had com̅ission from y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> of Plimoth to goe up y<sup>e</sup> river to such a place, + and if they did shoote, they must obey their order and proceede; they + would not molest them, but would goe one. So they passed along, and though + the Dutch threatened them hard, yet they shoot not. Com̅ing to their + place, they clapt up their house quickly, and landed their provissions, + and left y<sup>e</sup> companie appoynted, and sent the barke home; and + afterwards palisadoed their house aboute, and fortified them selves + better. The Dutch sent word home to y<sup>e</sup> Monhatas what was done: + and in proces of time, they sent a band of aboute 70. men, in warrlike + maner, with collours displayed, to assaulte them; but seeing them + strengtened, & that it would cost blood, they came to parley, and + returned in peace. And this was their enterance ther, who deserved to have + held it, and not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[374]</a></span>by + freinds to have been thrust out, as in a sorte they were, as will after + appere. They did y<sup>e</sup> Dutch no wrong, for they took not a foote + of any land they bought, but went to y<sup>e</sup> place above them, and + bought that tracte of land which belonged to these Indeans which they + carried with them, and their friends, with whom y<sup>e</sup> Dutch had + nothing to doe. But of these matters more in another place. + </p> + <p> + It pleased y<sup>e</sup> Lord to visite them this year with an infectious + fevoure, of which many fell very sicke, and upward of 20. persons dyed, + men and women, besids children, and sundry of them of their anciente + friends which had lived in Holand; as Thomas Blossome, Richard Masterson, + with sundry [198] others, and in y<sup>e</sup> end (after he had much + helped others) Samuell Fuller, who was their surgeon & phisition, and + had been a great help and comforte unto them; as in his facultie, so + otherwise, being a deacon of y<sup>e</sup> church, a man godly, and + forward to doe good, being much missed after his death; and he and y<sup>e</sup> + rest of their brethren much lamented by them, and caused much sadnes & + mourning amongst them; which caused them to humble them selves, & + seeke y<sup>e</sup> Lord; and towards winter it pleased the Lord y<sup>e</sup> + sicknes ceased. This disease allso swept away many of y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans from all y<sup>e</sup> places near adjoyning; and y<sup>e</sup> + spring before, espetially all y<sup>e</sup> month of May, ther was such a + quantitie of a great sorte of flies, like (for bignes) <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[375]</a></span>to wasps, + or bumble-bees, which came out of holes in y<sup>e</sup> ground, and + replenished all y<sup>e</sup> woods, and eate y<sup>e</sup> green-things, + and made such a constante yelling noyes, as made all y<sup>e</sup> woods + ring of them, and ready to deafe y<sup>e</sup> hearers. They have not by y<sup>e</sup> + English been heard or seen before or since. But y<sup>e</sup> Indeans + tould them y<sup>t</sup> sicknes would follow, and so it did in June, + July, August, and y<sup>e</sup> cheefe heat of som̅er. + </p> + <p> + It pleased y<sup>e</sup> Lord to inable them this year to send home a + great quantity of beaver, besids paing all their charges, & debts at + home, which good returne did much incourage their freinds in England. They + sent in beaver 3366<sup>li</sup>. waight, and much of it coat beaver, + which yeeled 20<sup>s</sup>. p̲<sup>r</sup> pound, & some of it + above; and of otter-skines<a name="FNanchor_DJ_114" id="FNanchor_DJ_114"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DJ_114" class="fnanchor">[DJ]</a> 346. sould also at a + good prise. And thus much of y<sup>e</sup> affairs of this year. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1634" id="a1634"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1634.</i> + </p> + <p> + This year M<sup>r</sup>. Thomas Prence was chosen Gov<sup>r</sup>. + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys letters were very breefe in answer of theirs this + year. I will forbear to coppy any part therof, only name a head or 2. + therm. First, he desirs they will take nothing ill in what he formerly + write, professing his good affection towards them as before, &c. 2<sup>ly</sup>. + For M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons accounts, he is perswaded they must suffer, + and y<sup>t</sup> in no small sum̅es; <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span>and that they have cause + enough to complaine, but it was now too late. And that he had failed them + ther, those here, and him selfe in his owne aimes. And that now, having + thus left them here, he feared God had or would leave him, and it would + not be strang, but a wonder if he fell not into worse things, &c. 3<sup>ly</sup>. + He blesseth God and is thankfull to them for y<sup>e</sup> good returne + made this year. This is y<sup>e</sup> effecte of his letters, other things + being of more private nature. + </p> + <p> + I am now to enter upon one of y<sup>e</sup> sadest things that befell them + since they came; but before I begine, it will be needfull to premise such + parte of their patente as gives them right and priviledge at Kenebeck; as + followeth: + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + [199] The said Counsell hath further given, granted, barganed, sold, + infeoffed, alloted, assigned, & sett over, and by these presents doe + clearly and absolutly give, grante, bargane, sell, alliene, enffeofe, + allote, assigne, and confirme unto y<sup>e</sup> said William Bradford, + his heires, associates, and assignes, All that tracte of land or part of + New-England in America afforesaid, which lyeth within or betweene, and + extendeth it selfe from y<sup>e</sup> utmost limits of Cobiseconte, + which adjoyneth to y<sup>e</sup> river of Kenebeck, towards the westerne + ocean, and a place called y<sup>e</sup> falls of Nequamkick in America, + aforsaid; and y<sup>e</sup> space of 15. English myles on each side of y<sup>e</sup> + said river, commonly called Kenebeck River, and all y<sup>e</sup> said + river called Kenebeck that lyeth within the said limits & bounds, + eastward, westward, northward, & southward, last above mentioned; + and all lands, grounds, soyles, rivers, waters, fishing, &c. And by + vertue of y<sup>e</sup> authority to us derived <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[377]</a></span>by his said late Ma<sup>tis</sup> + Lrēs patents, to take, apprehend, seise, and make prise of all such + persons, their ships and goods, as shall attempte to inhabite or trade + with y<sup>e</sup> savage people of that countrie within y<sup>e</sup> + severall precincts and limits of his & their severall plantations, + &c. + </p> + </div> + <p> + Now it so fell out, that one Hocking, belonging to y<sup>e</sup> + plantation of Pascataway, wente with a barke and com̅odities to trade + in that river, and would needs press into their limites; and not only so, + but would needs goe up y<sup>e</sup> river above their house, (towards y<sup>e</sup> + falls of y<sup>e</sup> river,) and intercept the trade that should come to + them. He that was cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> place forbad them, and prayed + him that he would not offer them that injurie, nor goe aboute to infring + their liberties, which had cost them so dear. But he answered he would goe + up and trade ther in dispite of them, and lye ther as longe as he pleased. + The other tould him he must then be forced to remove him from thence, or + make seasure of him if he could. He bid him doe his worste, and so wente + up, and anchored ther. The other tooke a boat & some men & went up + to him, when he saw his time, and againe entreated him to departe by what + perswasion he could. But all in vaine: he could gett nothing of him but + ill words. So he considred that now was y<sup>e</sup> season for trade to + come downe, and if he should suffer him to lye, & take it from them, + all ther former charge would be lost, and they had better throw up all. + So, consulting <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[378]</a></span>with + his men, (who were willing thertoe,) he resolved to put him from his + anchores, and let him drive downe y<sup>e</sup> river with y<sup>e</sup> + streame; but com̅anded y<sup>e</sup> men y<sup>t</sup> none should + shoote a shote upon any occasion, except he com̅anded them. He spoake + to him againe, but all in vaine; then he sente a cuple in a canow to cutt + his cable, the which one of them performes; but Hocking taks up a pece + which he had layed ready, and as y<sup>e</sup> barke shered by y<sup>e</sup> + canow, he shote [200] him close under her side, in y<sup>e</sup> head, (as + I take it,) so he fell downe dead instantly. One of his fellows (that + loved him well) could not hold, but with a muskett shot Hocking, who fell + downe dead and never speake word. This was y<sup>e</sup> truth of y<sup>e</sup> + thing. The rest of y<sup>e</sup> men carried home the vessell and y<sup>e</sup> + sad tidings of these things. Now y<sup>e</sup> Lord Saye & y<sup>e</sup> + Lord Brooks, with some other great persons, had a hand in this plantation; + they write home to them, as much as they could to exasperate them in y<sup>e</sup> + matter, leaveing out all y<sup>e</sup> circomstances, as if he had been + kild without any offenc of his parte, conceling y<sup>t</sup> he had kild + another first, and y<sup>e</sup> just occasion that he had given in + offering such wrong; at w<sup>ch</sup> their Lords<sup>ps</sup> were much + offended, till they were truly informed of y<sup>e</sup> mater. + </p> + <p> + The bruite of this was quickly carried all aboute, (and y<sup>t</sup> in y<sup>e</sup> + worst maner,) and came into y<sup>e</sup> Bay to their neighbours their. + Their owne barke com̅ing home, and bringing a true relation of y<sup>e</sup> + matter, sundry <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[379]</a></span>were + sadly affected with y<sup>e</sup> thing, as they had cause. It was not + long before they had occasion to send their vessell into y<sup>e</sup> Bay + of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts; but they were so prepossest with this + matter, and affected with y<sup>e</sup> same, as they com̅ited M<sup>r</sup>. + Alden to prison, who was in y<sup>e</sup> bark, and had been at Kenebeck, + but was no actore in y<sup>e</sup> bussines, but wente to carie them + supply. They dismist y<sup>e</sup> barke aboute her bussines, but kept him + for some time. This was thought strang here, and they sente Capten + Standish to give them true information, (togeather with their letters,) + and y<sup>e</sup> best satisfaction they could, and to procure M<sup>r</sup>. + Alden's release. I shall recite a letter or 2. which will show the + passages of these things, as folloeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Good S<sup>r</sup>: + </p> + <p> + I have received your lrē<sup>s</sup> by Captaine Standish, & am + unfainedly glad of Gods mercie towards you in y<sup>e</sup> recovery of + your health, or some way thertoo. For y<sup>e</sup> bussines you write + of, I thought meete to answer a word or 2. to your selfe, leaving the + answer of your Gov<sup>or</sup> lre to our courte, to whom y<sup>e</sup> + same, together with my selfe is directed. I conceive (till I hear new + matter to y<sup>e</sup> contrary) that your patente may warrente your + resistance of any English from trading at Kenebeck, and y<sup>t</sup> + blood of Hocking, and y<sup>e</sup> partie he slue, will be required at + his hands. Yet doe I with your selfe & others sorrow for their + deaths. I thinke likewise y<sup>t</sup> your generall lrēs will + satisfie our courte, and make them cease from any further inter medling + in y<sup>e</sup> mater. I have upon y<sup>e</sup> same lre sett M<sup>r</sup>. + Alden at liberty, and his sureties, and yet, least I should seeme to + neglecte y<sup>e</sup> opinion of our court <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[380]</a></span>& y<sup>e</sup> + frequente speeches of others with us, I have bound Captaine Standish to + appeare y<sup>e</sup> 3. of June at our nexte courte, to make affidavid + for y<sup>e</sup> coppie of y<sup>e</sup> patente, and to manifest the + circumstances of Hockins provocations; both which will tend to y<sup>e</sup> + clearing of your inocencie. If any unkindnes hath ben taken from what we + have done, let it be further & better considred of, I pray you; and + I hope y<sup>e</sup> more you thinke of it, the lesse blame you will + impute to us. At least you ought to be just in differencing them, whose + opinions concurr [201] with your owne, from others who were opposites; + and yet I may truly say, I have spoken w<sup>th</sup> no man in y<sup>e</sup> + bussines who taxed you most, but they are such as have many wayes + heretofore declared ther good affections towards your plantation. I + further referr my selfe to y<sup>e</sup> reporte of Captaine Standish + & M<sup>r</sup>. Allden; leaving you for this presente to Gods + blessing, wishing unto you perfecte recovery of health, and y<sup>e</sup> + long continuance of it. I desire to be lovingly remembred to M<sup>r</sup>. + Prence, your Governor, M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, + whom I would see if I knew how. The Lord keepe you all. Amen. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:23em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Your very loving friend in our Lord Jesus, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Tho: Dudley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + New-towne, y<sup>e</sup> 22. of May, 1631. + </div> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>Another of his about these things as followeth.</i> + </p> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: I am right sorrie for y<sup>e</sup> news that Captaine + Standish & other of your neigbours and my beloved freinds will bring + now to Plimoth, wherin I suffer with you, by reason of my opinion, which + differeth from others, who are godly & wise, amongst us here, the + reverence of whose judgments causeth me to suspecte myne owne ignorance; + yet must I remaine in it untill I be convinced therof. I thought not to + have shewed your letter written to me, but to have done my best <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[381]</a></span>to have + reconciled differences in y<sup>e</sup> best season & maner I could; + but Captaine Standish requiring an answer therof publickly in y<sup>e</sup> + courte, I was forced to produce it, and that made y<sup>e</sup> breach + soe wide as he can tell you. I propounded to y<sup>e</sup> courte, to + answer M<sup>r</sup>. Prences lre, your Gov<sup>r</sup>, but our courte + said it required no answer, it selfe being an answer to a former lre of + ours. I pray you certifie M<sup>r</sup>. Prence so much, and others whom + it concer̃eth, that no neglecte or ill man̅ers be imputed to + me theraboute. The late lres I received from England wrought in me + divere fears<a name="FNanchor_DK_115" id="FNanchor_DK_115"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DK_115" class="fnanchor">[DK]</a> of some trials which + are shortly like to fall upon us; and this unhappie contention betweene + you and us, and between you & Pascattaway, will hasten them, if God + with an extraordinarie hand doe not help us. To reconcile this for y<sup>e</sup> + presente will be very difficulte, but time cooleth distempers, and a + comone danger to us boath approaching, will necessitate our uniting + againe. I pray you therfore, S<sup>r</sup>. set your wisdom & + patience a worke, and exhorte others to y<sup>e</sup> same, that things + may not proceede from bad to worse, so making our contentions like y<sup>e</sup> + barrs of a pallace, but that a way of peace may be kepte open, wherat y<sup>e</sup> + God of peace may have enterance in his owne time. If you suffer wrong, + it shall be your honor to bear it patiently; but I goe to farr in + needles putting you in mind of these things. God hath done great things + for you, and I desire his blessings may be multiplied upon you more + & more. I will commite no more to writing, but comending my selfe to + your prayers, doe rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:23em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Your very loving friend in our Lord Jesus, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Tho: Dudley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + June 4. 1634. + </div> + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[382]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + By these things it appars what troubls rise herupon, and how hard they + were to be reconciled; for though they hear were hartily sorrie for what + was fallen out, yet they conceived they were unjustly injuried, and + provoked to what was done; and that their neigbours (haveing no + jurisdiction over them) did more then was mete, thus to imprison one of + theirs, and bind them to [202] their courte. But yet being assured of + their Christian love, and perswaded what was done was out of godly zeale, + that religion might not suffer, nor sinne any way covered or borne with, + espetially y<sup>e</sup> guilte of blood, of which all should be very + consciencious in any whom soever, they did indeavore to appease & + satisfie them y<sup>e</sup> best they could; first, by informing them y<sup>e</sup> + truth in all circomstances aboute y<sup>e</sup> matter; 2<sup>ly</sup>, in + being willing to referr y<sup>e</sup> case to any indifferante and equall + hearing and judgmente of the thing hear, and to answere it els wher when + they should be duly called therunto; and further they craved M<sup>r</sup>. + Winthrops, & other of y<sup>e</sup> reve<sup>d</sup> magistrats ther, + their advice & direction herein. This did mollifie their minds, and + bring things to a good & comfortable issue in y<sup>e</sup> end. + </p> + <p> + For they had this advice given them by M<sup>r</sup>. Winthrop, & + others concurring with him, that from their courte, they should write to + the neigboure plantations, & espetially that of y<sup>e</sup> lords, + at Pascataway, and theirs of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, to appointe some + to give <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[383]</a></span>them + meeting at some fitt place, to consulte & determine in this matter, so + as y<sup>e</sup> parties meeting might have full power to order & + bind, &c. And that nothing be done to y<sup>e</sup> infringing or + prejudice of y<sup>e</sup> liberties of any place. And for y<sup>e</sup> + clearing of conscience, y<sup>e</sup> law of God is, y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> + preist lips must be consulted with, and therfore it was desired that y<sup>e</sup> + ministers of every plantation might be presente to give their advice in + pointe of conscience. Though this course seemed dangerous to some, yet + they were so well assured of y<sup>e</sup> justice of their cause, and y<sup>e</sup> + equitie of their freinds, as they put them selves upon it, & appointed + a time, of which they gave notice to y<sup>e</sup> severall places a month + before hand; viz. Massachusets, Salem, & Pascataway, or any other y<sup>t</sup> + they would give notice too, and disired them to produce any evidence they + could in y<sup>e</sup> case. The place for meeting was at Boston. But when + y<sup>e</sup> day & time came, none apered, but some of y<sup>e</sup> + magistrats and ministers of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and their owne. + Seeing none of Passcataway or other places came, (haveing been thus + desired, & conveniente time given them for y<sup>t</sup> end,) M<sup>r</sup>. + Winthrop & y<sup>e</sup> rest said they could doe no more then they + had done thus to requeste them, y<sup>e</sup> blame must rest on them. So + they fell into a fair debating of things them selves; and after all things + had been fully opened & discussed, and y<sup>e</sup> opinione of each + one demanded, both magistrats, and ministers, <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></span>though they all could have + wished these things had never been, yet they could not but lay y<sup>e</sup> + blame & guilt on Hockins owne head; and withall gave them such grave + & godly exhortations and advice, as they thought meete, both for y<sup>e</sup> + presente & future; which they allso imbraced with love & + thankfullnes, promising to indeavor to follow y<sup>e</sup> same. And thus + was this matter ended, and ther love and concord renewed; and also M<sup>r</sup>. + Winthrop & M<sup>r</sup>. Dudley write in their behalfes to y<sup>e</sup> + Lord Ssay & other gentl-men that were interesed in y<sup>t</sup> + plantation, very effectually, w<sup>th</sup> which, togeather with their + owne leters, and M<sup>r</sup>. Winslows furder declaration of things unto + them, they rested well satisfied. + </p> + <p> + [203] M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was sente by them this year into England, + partly to informe and satisfie y<sup>e</sup> Lord Say & others, in y<sup>e</sup> + former matter, as also to make answer and their just defence for y<sup>e</sup> + same, if any thing should by any be prosecuted against them at + Counsell-table, or els wher; but this matter tooke end, without any + further trouble, as is before noted. And partly to signifie unto y<sup>e</sup> + partners in England, that the terme of their trade with y<sup>e</sup> + company here was out, and therfore he was sente to finishe y<sup>e</sup> + accounts with them, and to bring them notice how much debtore they should + remaine on y<sup>t</sup> accounte, and that they might know what further + course would be best to hold. But y<sup>e</sup> issue of these things will + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[385]</a></span>appear + in y<sup>e</sup> next years passages. They now sente over by him a great + returne, which was very acceptable unto them; which was in beaver 3738<sup>li</sup>. + waight, (a great part of it, being coat-beaver, sould at 20<sup>s</sup>. p<sup>r</sup> + pound,) and 234. otter skines;<a name="FNanchor_DL_116" + id="FNanchor_DL_116"></a><a href="#Footnote_DL_116" class="fnanchor">[DL]</a> + which alltogeather rise to a great sume of money. + </p> + <p> + This year (in y<sup>e</sup> foreparte of y<sup>e</sup> same) they sente + forth a barke to trad at y<sup>e</sup> Dutch-Plantation; and they mette + ther with on Captaine Stone, that had lived in Christophers, one of y<sup>e</sup> + West-Ende Ilands, and now had been some time in Virginia, and came from + thence into these parts. He kept company with y<sup>e</sup> Dutch Gove<sup>r</sup>, + and, I know not in what drunken fitt, he gott leave of y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + to ceaise on their barke, when they were ready to come away, and had done + their markett, haveing y<sup>e</sup> valew of 500<sup>li</sup>. worth of + goods abord her; having no occasion at all, or any collour of ground for + such a thing, but having made y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> drunck, so as + he could scarce speake a right word; and when he urged him hear aboute, he + answered him, <i>Als 't u beleeft</i>.<a name="FNanchor_DM_117" + id="FNanchor_DM_117"></a><a href="#Footnote_DM_117" class="fnanchor">[DM]</a> + So he gat abord, (the cheefe of their men & marchant being ashore,) + and with some of his owne men, made y<sup>e</sup> rest of theirs waigh + anchor, sett sayle, & carry her away towards Virginia. But diverse of + y<sup>e</sup> Dutch sea-men, which had bene often at Plimoth, and kindly + entertayned ther, said one to another, Shall we suffer our freinds to be + thus abused, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[386]</a></span>and + have their goods carried away, before our faces, whilst our Gov<sup>r</sup> + is drunke? They vowed they would never suffer it; and so gott a vessell or + 2. and pursued him, & brought him in againe, and delivered them their + barke & goods againe. + </p> + <p> + After wards Stone came into y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and they sent + & commensed suite against him for this facte; but by mediation of + freinds it was taken up, and y<sup>e</sup> suite lett fall. And in y<sup>e</sup> + company of some other gentle-men Stone came afterwards to Plimoth, and had + freindly & civill entertainmente amongst them, with y<sup>e</sup> + rest; but revenge boyled within his brest, (though concelled,) for some + conceived he had a purpose (at one time) to have staped the Gov<sup>r</sup>, + and put his hand to his dagger for that end, but by Gods providence and y<sup>e</sup> + vigilance of some was prevented. He afterward returned to Virginia, in a + pinass, with one Captaine Norton & some others; and, I know not for + what occasion, they would needs goe up Coonigtecutt River; and how they + carried themselves I know not, but y<sup>e</sup> Indeans knoct him in y<sup>e</sup> + head, as he lay in his cabine, and had thrown y<sup>e</sup> covering over + his face (whether out of fear or desperation is uncertaine); this was his + end. They likewise killed all y<sup>e</sup> rest, but Captaine Norton + defended him selfe a long time against them all in y<sup>e</sup> + cooke-roome, till by accidente the gunpowder tooke fire, which (for + readynes) he had sett in an open thing before him, which did <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[387]</a></span>so burne, + & scald him, & blind his eyes, as he could make no longer + resistance, but was slaine also by them, though they much comended his + vallour. And having killed y<sup>e</sup> men, they made a pray of what + they had, and chafered away some of their things to y<sup>e</sup> Dutch + that lived their. But it was not longe before a quarell fell betweene the + Dutch & them, and they would have cutt of their bark; but they slue y<sup>e</sup> + cheef sachem w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>e</sup> shott of a murderer.<a + name="FNanchor_DN_118" id="FNanchor_DN_118"></a><a href="#Footnote_DN_118" + class="fnanchor">[DN]</a> + </p> + <p> + I am now to relate some strang and remarkable passages. Ther was a company + of people lived in y<sup>e</sup> country, up above in y<sup>e</sup> river + of Conigtecut, a great way from their trading house ther, and were enimise + to those Indeans which lived aboute them, and of whom they stood in some + fear (bing a stout people). About a thousand of them had inclosed them + selves in a forte, which they had strongly palissadoed about. 3. or 4. + Dutch men went up in y<sup>e</sup> begining of winter to live with them, + to gett their trade, and prevente them for bringing it to y<sup>e</sup> + English, or to fall into amitie with them; but at spring to bring all + downe to their place. But their enterprise failed, for it pleased God to + visite these Indeans with a great sicknes, and such a mortalitie that of a + 1000. above 900. and a halfe of them dyed, and many of them did rott above + ground for want of buriall, and y<sup>e</sup> Dutch men <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[388]</a></span>allmost + starved before they could gett away, for ise and snow. But about Feb: they + got with much difficultie to their trading house; whom they kindly + releeved, being allmost spente with hunger and could. Being thus refreshed + by them diverce days, they got to their owne place, and y<sup>e</sup> + Dutch were very thankfull for this kindnes. + </p> + <p> + This spring, also, those Indeans that lived aboute their trading house + there fell sick of y<sup>e</sup> small poxe, and dyed most miserably; for + a sorer disease cannot befall them; they fear it more then y<sup>e</sup> + plague; for usualy they that have this disease have them in abundance, and + for wante of bedding & lin̅ing and other helps, they fall into a + lamentable condition, as they lye on their hard matts, y<sup>e</sup> poxe + breaking and mattering, and runing one into another, their skin cleaving + (by reason therof) to the matts they lye on; when they turne them, a whole + side will flea of at once, [204] (as it were,) and they will be all of a + gore blood, most fearfull to behold; and then being very sore, what with + could and other distempers, they dye like rotten sheep. The condition of + this people was so lamentable, and they fell downe so generally of this + diseas, as they were (in y<sup>e</sup> end) not able to help on another; + no, not to make a fire, nor to fetch a litle water to drinke, nor any to + burie y<sup>e</sup> dead; but would strivie as long as they could, and + when they could procure no other means to make fire, they <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[389]</a></span>would + burne y<sup>e</sup> woden trayes & dishes they ate their meate in, and + their very bowes & arrowes; & some would crawle out on all foure + to gett a litle water, and some times dye by y<sup>e</sup> way, & not + be able to gett in againe. But those of y<sup>e</sup> English house, + (though at first they were afraid of y<sup>e</sup> infection,) yet seeing + their woefull and sadd condition, and hearing their pitifull cries and + lamentations, they had compastion of them, and dayly fetched them wood + & water, and made them fires, gott them victualls whilst they lived, + and buried them when they dyed. For very few of them escaped, + notwithstanding they did what they could for them, to y<sup>e</sup> + haszard of them selvs. The cheefe Sachem him selfe now dyed, & allmost + all his freinds & kinred. But by y<sup>e</sup> marvelous goodnes & + providens of God not one of y<sup>e</sup> English was so much as sicke, or + in y<sup>e</sup> least measure tainted with this disease, though they + dayly did these offices for them for many weeks togeather. And this mercie + which they shewed them was kindly taken, and thankfully acknowledged of + all y<sup>e</sup> Indeans that knew or heard of y<sup>e</sup> same; and + their m<sup>rs</sup> here did much comend & reward them for y<sup>e</sup> + same. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1635" id="a1635"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1635.</i> + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was very wellcome to them in England, and y<sup>e</sup> + more in regard of y<sup>e</sup> large returne he brought with him, which + came all safe to their hands, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_390" + id="Page_390">[390]</a></span>and was well sould. And he was borne in + hand, (at least he so apprehended,) that all accounts should be cleared + before his returne, and all former differences ther aboute well setled. + And so he writ over to them hear, that he hoped to cleare y<sup>e</sup> + accounts, and bring them over with him; and y<sup>t</sup> the accounte of + y<sup>e</sup> White Angele would be taken of, and all things fairly ended. + But it came to pass [205] that, being occasioned to answer some complaints + made against the countrie at Counsell bord, more cheefly concerning their + neigbours in y<sup>e</sup> Bay then them selves hear, the which he did to + good effecte, and further prosecuting such things as might tend to y<sup>e</sup> + good of y<sup>e</sup> whole, as well them selves as others, aboute y<sup>e</sup> + wrongs and incroachments that the French & other strangers both had + and were like further to doe unto them, if not prevented, he prefered this + petition following to their Hon<sup>rs</sup> that were deputed + Comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> Plantations. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + To y<sup>e</sup> right honorable y<sup>e</sup> Lords Comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> + Plantations in America. + </p> + <p> + The humble petition of Edw: Winslow, on y<sup>e</sup> behalfe of y<sup>e</sup> + plantations in New-England, + </p> + <p> + Humbly sheweth unto your Lordships, y<sup>t</sup> wheras your + petitioners have planted them selves in New England under his Ma<sup>tis</sup> + most gratious protection; now so it is, right Hon<sup>bl</sup>, that y<sup>e</sup> + French & Dutch doe indeaouer to devide y<sup>e</sup> land betweene + them; for which purpose y<sup>e</sup> French have, on y<sup>e</sup> east + side, entered and seased upon one of our houses, and <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[391]</a></span>carried + away the goods, slew 2. of y<sup>e</sup> men in another place, and tooke + y<sup>e</sup> rest prisoners with their goods. And y<sup>e</sup> Dutch, + on y<sup>e</sup> west, have also made entrie upon Conigtecute River, + within y<sup>e</sup> limits of his Maj<sup>ts</sup> [-l]rs patent, where + they have raised a forte, and threaten to expell your petitioners + thence, who are also planted upon y<sup>e</sup> same river, maintaining + possession for his Ma<sup>tie</sup> to their great charge, & hazard + both of lives & goods. + </p> + <p> + In tender consideration hereof your petitioners humbly pray that your Lo<sup>pps</sup> + will either procure their peace w<sup>th</sup> those foraine states, or + else to give spetiall warrante unto your petitioners and y<sup>e</sup> + English Collonies, to right and defend them selves against all foraigne + enimies. And your petitioners shall pray, &c. + </p> + </div> + <p> + This petition found good acceptation with most of them, and Mr. Winslow + was heard sundry times by them, and appointed further to attend for an + answer from their Lo<sup>pps</sup>, espetially, having upon conferance + with them laid downe a way how this might be doone without any either + charge or trouble to y<sup>e</sup> state; only by furnishing some of y<sup>e</sup> + cheefe of y<sup>e</sup> cuntry hear with authoritie, who would undertake + it at their owne charge, and in such a way as should be without any + publick disturbance. But this crossed both S<sup>r</sup> Ferdinandos + Gorges' & Cap: Masons designe, and y<sup>e</sup> arch-bishop of + Counterberies by them; for S<sup>r</sup> Ferd: Gorges (by y<sup>e</sup> + arch-pps favore) was to have been sent over generall Gov<sup>r</sup> into + y<sup>e</sup> countrie, and to have had means from y<sup>e</sup> state for + y<sup>t</sup> end, and was now upon dispatch and conclude of y<sup>e</sup> + bussines. And y<sup>e</sup> arch-bishops <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[392]</a></span>purposs & intente was, + by his means, & some he should send with him, (to be furnished with + Episcopall power,) [206] to disturbe y<sup>e</sup> peace of y<sup>e</sup> + churches here, and to overthrow their proceedings and further growth, + which was y<sup>e</sup> thing he aimed at. But it so fell out (by Gods + providence) that though he in y<sup>e</sup> end crost this petition from + taking any further effecte in this kind, yet by this as a cheefe means the + plotte and whole bussines of his & S<sup>r</sup> Ferdinandos fell to y<sup>e</sup> + ground, and came to nothing. When M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow should have had + his suit granted, (as indeed upon y<sup>e</sup> pointe it was,) and should + have been confirmed, the arch-bishop put a stop upon it, and M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow, thinking to gett it freed, went to y<sup>e</sup> bord againe; but + y<sup>e</sup> bishop, S<sup>r</sup> Ferd: and Captine Masson, had, as it + seemes, procured Morton (of whom mention is made before, & his base + carriage) to complaine; to whose complaints M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow made + answer to y<sup>e</sup> good satisfaction of y<sup>e</sup> borde, who + checked Morton and rebuked him sharply, & allso blamed S<sup>r</sup> + Fer<sup>d</sup> Gorges, & Masson, for countenancing him. But y<sup>e</sup> + bish: had a further end & use of his presence, for he now begane to + question M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow of many things; as of teaching in y<sup>e</sup> + church publickly, of which Morton accused him, and gave evidence that he + had seen and heard him doe it; to which M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow answered, + that some time (wanting a minster) he did exercise his gifte to help y<sup>e</sup> + edification of his breethren, when <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_393" + id="Page_393">[393]</a></span>they wanted better means, w<sup>ch</sup> was + not often. Then aboute mariage, the which he also confessed, that, haveing + been called to place of magistracie, he had sometimes maried some. And + further tould their lord<sup>ps</sup> y<sup>t</sup> mariage was a civille + thinge, & he found no wher in y<sup>e</sup> word of God y<sup>t</sup> + it was tyed to ministrie. Again, they were necessitated so to doe, having + for a long time togeather at first no minister; besids, it was no + new-thing, for he had been so maried him selfe in Holand, by y<sup>e</sup> + magistrats in their Statt-house. But in y<sup>e</sup> end (to be short), + for these things, y<sup>e</sup> bishop, by vemente importunity, gott y<sup>e</sup> + bord at last to consente to his comittemente; so he was comited to y<sup>e</sup> + Fleete, and lay ther 17. weeks, or ther aboute, before he could gett to be + released. And this was y<sup>e</sup> end of this petition, and this + bussines; only y<sup>e</sup> others designe was also frustrated hereby, + with other things concurring, which was no smalle blessing to y<sup>e</sup> + people here. + </p> + <p> + But y<sup>e</sup> charge fell heavie on them hear, not only in M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslows expences, (which could not be smale,) but by y<sup>e</sup> + hinderance of their bussines both ther and hear, by his personall + imploymente. For though this was as much or more for others then for them + hear, and by them cheefly he was put on this bussines, (for the plantation + kēwe nothing of it till they heard of his imprisonmente,) yet y<sup>e</sup> + whole charge lay on them. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[394]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + Now for their owne bussines; whatsoever M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys mind was + before, (or M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow apprehension of y<sup>e</sup> same,) he + now declared him selfe plainly, that he would neither take of y<sup>e</sup> + White-Angell from y<sup>e</sup> accounte, nor [207] give any further + accounte, till he had received more into his hands; only a prety good + supply of goods were sent over, but of y<sup>e</sup> most, no note of + their prises, or so orderly an invoyce as formerly; which M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow said he could not help, because of his restrainte. Only now M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley & M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp & M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews sent + over a letter of atturney under their hands & seals, to recovere what + they could of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton for y<sup>e</sup> Angells accounte; + but sent them neither y<sup>e</sup> bonds, nor covenants, or such other + evidence or accounts, as they had aboute these matters. I shall here + inserte a few passages out of M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys letters aboute these + things. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Your leter of y<sup>e</sup> 22. of July, 1634, by your trustie and our + loving friend M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, I have received, and your larg + parcell of beaver and otter skines. Blessed be our God, both he and it + came safly to us, and we have sould it in tow parcells; y<sup>e</sup> + skin at 14<sup>s</sup>. li. & some at 16.; y<sup>e</sup> coate at 20<sup>s</sup>. + y<sup>e</sup> pound. The accounts I have not sent you them this year, I + will referr you to M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow to tell you y<sup>e</sup> + reason of it; yet be assured y<sup>t</sup> none of you shall suffer by y<sup>e</sup> + not having of them, if God spare me life. And wheras you say y<sup>e</sup> + 6. years are expired y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> peopl put y<sup>e</sup> + trad into your & our hands for, for y<sup>e</sup> discharge of y<sup>t</sup> + great debte w<sup>ch</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton needlesly & + unadvisedly ran you & us into; yet it was promised it should + continue till our disbursments & ingagements <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[395]</a></span>were satisfied. You + conceive it is done; we feele & know other wise, &c. I doubt not + but we shall lovingly agree, notwithstanding all y<sup>t</sup> hath been + writen, on boath sids, aboute y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell. We have now + sent you a letter of atturney, therby giving you power in our names (and + to shadow it y<sup>e</sup> more we say for our uses) to obtaine what may + be of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton towards y<sup>e</sup> satisfing of that + great charge of y<sup>e</sup> White Angell. And sure he hath bound him + selfe, (though at present I cannot find it,) but he hath often affirmed, + with great protestations, y<sup>t</sup> neither you nor we should lose a + peny by him, and I hope you shall find enough to discharg it, so as we + shall have no more contesting aboute it. Yet, notwithstanding his + unnaturall & unkind dealing with you, in y<sup>e</sup> midest of + justice remember mercie, and doe not all you may doe, &c. Set us out + of debte, and then let us recone & reason togeither, &c. M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow hath undergone an unkind imprisonment, but I am perswaded it + will turne much to all your good. I leave him to relate perticuleres, + &c. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your loving freind, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + London, Sep: 7. 1635. + </div> + </div> + <p> + This year they sustained an other great loss from y<sup>e</sup> French. + Monsier de Aulnay coming into y<sup>e</sup> harbore of Penobscote, and + having before gott some of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe y<sup>t</sup> belonged to + y<sup>e</sup> house abord his vessell, by sutlty coming upon them in their + shalop, he gott them to pilote him in; and after getting y<sup>e</sup> + rest into his power, he tooke possession of y<sup>e</sup> house in y<sup>e</sup> + name of y<sup>e</sup> king of France; and partly by threatening, & + other wise, made Mr. Willett (their agente ther) to approve of <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[396]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + sale of y<sup>e</sup> goods their unto him, of which he sett y<sup>e</sup> + price him selfe [208] in effecte, and made an inventory therof, (yett + leaving out sundry things,) but made no paymente for them; but tould them + in convenient time he would doe it if they came for it. For y<sup>e</sup> + house & fortification, &c. he would not alow, nor accounte any + thing, saing that they which build on another mans ground doe forfite y<sup>e</sup> + same. So thus turning them out of all, (with a great deale of complemente, + and many fine words,) he let them have their shalop and some victualls to + bring them home. Coming home and relating all the passages, they here were + much troubled at it, & haveing had this house robbed by y<sup>e</sup> + French once before, and lost then above 500<sup>li</sup>. (as is before + remembred), and now to loose house & all, did much move them. So as + they resolved to consulte with their freinds in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, and if + y<sup>ey</sup> approved of it, (ther being now many ships ther,) they + intended to hire a ship of force, and seeke to beat out y<sup>e</sup> + Frenche, and recover it againe. Ther course was well approved on, if them + selves could bear y<sup>e</sup> charge; so they hired a fair ship of above + 300. tune, well fitted with ordnance, and agreed with y<sup>e</sup> m<sup>r</sup>. + (one Girling) to this effect: that he and his company should deliver them + y<sup>e</sup> house, (after they had driven out, or surprised y<sup>e</sup> + French,) and give them peacable possession therof, and of all such trading + comodities as should ther be found; and give y<sup>e</sup> <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[397]</a></span>French + fair quarter & usage, if they would yeeld. In consideration wherof he + was to have 700<sup>li</sup>. of beaver, to be delivered him ther, when he + had done y<sup>e</sup> thing; but if he did not accomplish it, he was to + loose his labour, and have nothing. With him they also sent their owne + bark, and about 20. men, with Captaine Standish, to aide him (if neede + weer), and to order things, if the house was regained; and then to pay him + y<sup>e</sup> beaver, which they keept abord their owne barke. So they + with their bark piloted him thither, and brought him safe into y<sup>e</sup> + harbor. But he was so rash & heady as he would take no advice, nor + would suffer Captaine Standish to have time to summone them, (who had com̅ission + & order so to doe,) neither would doe it him selfe; the which, it was + like, if it had been done, & they come to affaire parley, seeing their + force, they would have yeelded. Neither would he have patience to bring + his ship wher she might doe execution, but begane to shoot at distance + like a madd man, and did them no hurte at all; the which when those of y<sup>e</sup> + plantation saw, they were much greeved, and went to him & tould him he + would doe no good if he did not lay his ship beter to pass (for she might + lye within pistoll shott of y<sup>e</sup> house). At last, when he saw his + owne folly, he was perswaded, and layed her well, and bestowed a few shott + to good purposs. But now, when he was in a way to doe some good, his + powder was goone; for though he had <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[398]</a></span>...<a name="FNanchor_DO_119" + id="FNanchor_DO_119"></a><a href="#Footnote_DO_119" class="fnanchor">[DO]</a> + peece of ordnance, it did now [209] appeare he had but a barrell of + powder, and a peece; so he could doe no good, but was faine to draw of + againe; by which means y<sup>e</sup> enterprise was made frustrate, and y<sup>e</sup> + French incouraged; for all y<sup>e</sup> while that he shot so + unadvisedly, they lay close under a worke of earth, & let him consume + him selfe. He advised with y<sup>e</sup> Captaine how he might be supplyed + with powder, for he had not to carie him home; so he tould him he would + goe to y<sup>e</sup> next plantation, and doe his indeour to procure him + some, and so did; but understanding, by intelligence, that he intended to + ceiase on y<sup>e</sup> barke, & surprise y<sup>e</sup> beaver, he + sent him the powder, and brought y<sup>e</sup> barke & beaver home. + But Girling never assualted y<sup>e</sup> place more, (seeing him selfe + disapoyented,) but went his way; and this was y<sup>e</sup> end of this + bussines. + </p> + <p> + Upon y<sup>e</sup> ill success of this bussines, the Gov<sup>r</sup> and + Assistants here by their leters certified their freinds in y<sup>e</sup> + Bay, how by this ship they had been abused and disapoynted, and y<sup>t</sup> + the French partly had, and were now likly to fortifie them selves more + strongly, and likly to become ill neigbours to y<sup>e</sup> English. Upon + this they thus writ to them as folloeth:— + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Worthy S<sup>rs</sup>: Upon y<sup>e</sup> reading of your leters, & + consideration of y<sup>e</sup> waightines of y<sup>e</sup> cause therin + mentioned, the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[399]</a></span>courte + hath joyntly expressed their willingnes to assist you with men & + munition, for y<sup>e</sup> accomplishing of your desires upon y<sup>e</sup> + French. But because here are none of yours y<sup>t</sup> have authority + to conclude of any thing herein, nothing can be done by us for y<sup>e</sup> + presente. We desire, therfore, that you would with all conveniente speed + send some man of trust, furnished with instructions from your selves, to + make such agreemente with us about this bussines as may be usefull for + you, and equall for us. So in hast we com̅ite you to God, and + remaine + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your assured loving freinds, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig_multi"> + <span class="smcap"><span class="smcap">John Haynes</span>, Gov<sup>r</sup>.<br /> + <span class="smcap">Ri: Bellingham</span>, Dep.<br /> <span + class="smcap">Jo: Winthrop.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Tho: + Dudley.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Jo: Humfray.</span><br /> <span + class="smcap">W<sup>m</sup>: Coddington.</span><br /> <span + class="smcap">W<sup>m</sup>: Pinchon.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Atherton + Houghe.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Increas Nowell.</span><br /> + <span class="smcap">Ric: Dumer.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Simon + Bradstrete.</span><br /></span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + New-towne, Octo<sup>r</sup> 9. 1635. + </div> + </div> + <p> + Upon the receite of y<sup>e</sup> above mentioned, they presently deputed + 2. of theirs to treate with them, giving them full power to conclude, + according to the instructions they gave them, being to this purposs: that + if they would afford such assistance as, togeather with their owne, was + like to effecte the thing, and allso bear a considerable parte of y<sup>e</sup> + charge, they would goe on; if not, [210] they (having lost so much + allready) <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[400]</a></span>should + not be able, but must desiste, and waite further opportunitie as God + should give, to help them selves. But this came to nothing, for when it + came to y<sup>e</sup> issue, they would be at no charge, but sente them + this letter, and referd them more at large to their owne messengers. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: Having, upon y<sup>e</sup> consideration of your letter, + with y<sup>e</sup> message you sente, had some serious consultations + aboute y<sup>e</sup> great importance of your bussines with y<sup>e</sup> + French, we gave our answer to those whom you deputed to conferr w<sup>th</sup> + us aboute y<sup>e</sup> viage to Penobscote. We shewed our willingnes to + help, but withall we declared our presente condition, & in what + state we were, for our abilitie to help; which we for our parts shall be + willing to improve, to procure you sufficiente supply of men & + munition. But for matter of moneys we have no authority at all to + promise, and if we should, we should rather disapoynte you, then + incourage you by y<sup>t</sup> help, which we are not able to performe. + We likewise thought it fitt to take y<sup>e</sup> help of other Esterne + plantations; but those things we leave to your owne wisdomes. And for + other things we refer you to your owne com̅itties, who are able to + relate all y<sup>e</sup> passages more at large. We salute you, & + wish you all good success in y<sup>e</sup> Lord. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:17em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Your faithfull & loving friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Ri: Bellingham</span>, Dep: + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + In y<sup>e</sup> name of the rest of the Comities. + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Boston, Octob<sup>r</sup> 16. 1635. + </div> + </div> + <p> + This thing did not only thus breake of, but some of their merchants + shortly after sent to trad with them, and furnished them both with + provissions, & <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[401]</a></span>poweder + & shott; and so have continued to doe till this day, as they have seen + opportunitie for their profite. So as in truth y<sup>e</sup> English them + selves have been the cheefest supporters of these French; for besids + these, the plantation at Pemaquid (which lyes near unto them) doth not + only supply them with what y<sup>ey</sup> wante, but gives them continuall + intelligence of all things that passes among y<sup>e</sup> English, + (espetially some of them,) so as it is no marvell though they still grow, + & incroach more & more upon y<sup>e</sup> English, and fill y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans with gunes & munishtion, to y<sup>e</sup> great deanger of y<sup>e</sup> + English, who lye open & unfortified, living upon husbandrie; and y<sup>e</sup> + other closed up in their forts, well fortified, and live upon trade, in + good securitie. If these things be not looked too, and remeady provided in + time, it may easily be conjectured what they may come toe; but I leave + them. + </p> + <p> + This year, y<sup>e</sup> 14. or 15. of August (being Saturday) was such a + mighty storme of wind & raine, as none living in these parts, either + English or Indeans, ever saw. Being like (for y<sup>e</sup> time it + continued) to those Hauricanes and Tuffons that writers make mention of in + y<sup>e</sup> Indeas. It began in y<sup>e</sup> morning, a litle before + day, and grue not by degrees, but came with violence in y<sup>e</sup> + begining, to y<sup>e</sup> great amasmente of many. It blew downe sundry + [211] houses, & uncovered others; diverce vessells were lost at sea, + and many more in extreme danger. It caused y<sup>e</sup> sea to swell (to + y<sup>e</sup> southward <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_402" + id="Page_402">[402]</a></span>of this place) above 20. foote, right up + & downe, and made many of the Indeans to clime into trees for their + saftie; it tooke of y<sup>e</sup> borded roofe of a house which belonged + to the plantation at Manamet, and floted it to another place, the posts + still standing in y<sup>e</sup> ground; and if it had continued long + without y<sup>e</sup> shifting of y<sup>e</sup> wind, it is like it would + have drouned some parte of y<sup>e</sup> cuntrie. It blew downe many + hundered thowsands of trees, turning up the stronger by the roots, and + breaking the hiegher pine trees of in the midle, and y<sup>e</sup> tall + yonge oaks & walnut trees of good biggnes were wound like a withe, + very strang & fearfull to behould. It begane in y<sup>e</sup> + southeast, and parted toward y<sup>e</sup> south & east, and vered + sundry ways; but y<sup>e</sup> greatest force of it here was from y<sup>e</sup> + former quarters. It continued not (in y<sup>e</sup> extremitie) above 5. + or 6. houers, but y<sup>e</sup> violence begane to abate. The signes and + marks of it will remaine this 100. years in these parts wher it was + sorest. The moone suffered a great eclips the 2. night after it. + </p> + <p> + Some of their neighbours in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, hereing of y<sup>e</sup> + fame of Conightecute River, had a hankering mind after it, (as was before + noted,) and now understanding that y<sup>e</sup> Indeans were swepte away + with y<sup>e</sup> late great mortalitie, the fear of whom was an obstacle + unto them before, which being now taken away, they begane now to prosecute + it with great egernes. The greatest differances fell betweene those of + Dorchester <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[403]</a></span>plantation + and them hear; for they set their minde on that place, which they had not + only purchased of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, but wher they had builte; + intending only (if they could not remove them) that they should have but a + smale moyety left to y<sup>e</sup> house, as to a single family; whose + doings and proceedings were conceived to be very injurious, to attempte + not only to intrude them selves into y<sup>e</sup> rights & + possessions of others, but in effect to thrust them out of all. Many were + y<sup>e</sup> leters & passages that went betweene them hear aboute, + which would be to long here to relate. + </p> + <p> + I shall here first inserte a few lines that was write by their own agente + from thence. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: &c. Y<sup>e</sup> Masschuset men are coming almost + dayly, some by water, & some by land, who are not yet determined + wher to setle, though some have a great mind to y<sup>e</sup> place we + are upon, and which was last bought. Many of them look at that which + this river will not afford, excepte it be at this place which we have, + namly, to be a great towne, and have comodious dwellings for many + togeather. So as what they will doe I cannot yet resolve you; for this + place ther is none of them say any thing to me, but what I hear from + their servants (by whom I perceive their minds). I shall doe what I can + to withstand them. I hope they will hear reason; as that we were here + first, and entred with much difficulty and danger, [212] both in regard + of y<sup>e</sup> Dutch & Indeans, and bought y<sup>e</sup> land, (to + your great charge, allready disbursed,) and have since held here a + chargable possession, and kept y<sup>e</sup> Dutch from further + incroaching, which would els long before this day have possessed all, + and kept out all others, &c. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_404" + id="Page_404">[404]</a></span>I hope these & such like arguments + will stoppe them. It was your will we should use their persons & + messengers kindly, & so we have done, and doe dayly, to your great + charge; for y<sup>e</sup> first company had well nie starved had it not + been for this house, for want of victuals; I being forced to supply 12. + men for 9. days togeather; and those which came last, I entertained the + best we could, helping both them (& y<sup>e</sup> other) with + canows, & guids. They gott me to goe with them to y<sup>e</sup> + Dutch, to see if I could procure some of them to have quiet setling nere + them; but they did peremtorily withstand them. But this later company + did not once speak therof, &c. Also I gave their goods house roome + according to their ernest request, and M<sup>r</sup>. Pinchons letter in + their behalfe (which I thought good to send you, here inclosed). And + what trouble & charge I shall be further at I know not; for they are + com̅ing dayly, and I expecte these back againe from below, whither + they are gone to veiw y<sup>e</sup> countrie. All which trouble & + charg we under goe for their occasion, may give us just cause (in y<sup>e</sup> + judgmente of all wise & understanding men) to hold and keep that we + are setled upon. Thus with my duty remembred, &c. I rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Yours to be comanded + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Johnnathā Brewster</span>. + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Matianuck, July 6. 1635. + </div> + </div> + <p> + Amongst y<sup>e</sup> many agitations that pased betweene them, I shal + note a few out of their last letters, & for y<sup>e</sup> present + omitte y<sup>e</sup> rest, except upon other occasion I may have fitter + opportunity. After their thorrow veiw of y<sup>e</sup> place, they began + to pitch them selves upon their land & near their house; which + occasioned much expostulation betweene them. Some of which are such as + follow. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[405]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Brethren, having latly sent 2. of our body unto you, to agitate & + bring to an issue some maters in difference betweene us, about some + lands at Conightecutt, unto which you lay challeng; upon which God by + his providence cast us, and as we conceive in a faire way of providence + tendered it to us, as a meete place to receive our body, now upon + removall. + </p> + <p> + We shall not need to answer all y<sup>e</sup> passages of your larg + letter, &c. But wheras you say God in his providence cast you, &c., + we tould you before, and (upon this occasion) must now tell you still, + that our mind is other wise, and y<sup>t</sup> you cast rather a + partiall, if not a covetous eye, upon that w<sup>ch</sup> is your + neigbours, and not yours; and in so doing, your way could not be faire + unto it. Looke y<sup>t</sup> you abuse not Gods providence in such + allegations. + </p> + </div> + <p> + Theirs. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Now allbeite we at first judged y<sup>e</sup> place so free y<sup>t</sup> + we might with Gods good leave take & use it, without just offence to + any man, it being the Lords [213] wast, and for y<sup>e</sup> presente + altogeather voyd of inhabitants, that indeede minded y<sup>e</sup> + imploymente therof, to y<sup>e</sup> right ends for which land was + created, Gen: 1. 28. and for future intentions of any, & uncertaine + possibilities of this or that to be done by any, we judging them (in + such a case as ours espetialy) not meete to be equalled with presente + actions (such as ours was) much less worthy to be prefered before them; + and therfore did we make some weake beginings in that good worke, in y<sup>e</sup> + place afforesaid. + </p> + </div> + <p> + Ans: Their answer was to this effecte. That if it was y<sup>e</sup> Lords + wast, it was them selves that found it so, & not they; and have since + bought it of y<sup>e</sup> right <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_406" + id="Page_406">[406]</a></span>oweners, and maintained a chargable + possession upon it al this while, as them selves could not but know. And + because of present ingagments and other hinderances which lay at presente + upon them, must it therfore be lawfull for them to goe and take it from + them? It was well known that they are upon a barren place, wher they were + by necessitie cast; and neither they nor theirs could longe continue upon + y<sup>e</sup> same; and why should they (because they were more ready, + & more able at presente) goe and deprive them of that which they had w<sup>th</sup> + charg & hazard provided, & intended to remove to, as soone as they + could & were able? + </p> + <p> + They had another passage in their letter; they had rather have to doe with + the lords in England, to whom (as they heard it reported) some of them + should say that they had rather give up their right to them, (if they must + part with it,) then to y<sup>e</sup> church of Dorchester, &c. And + that they should be less fearfull to offend y<sup>e</sup> lords, then they + were them. + </p> + <p> + Answer: Their answer was, that what soever they had heard, (more then was + true,) yet y<sup>e</sup> case was not so with them that they had need to + give away their rights & adventurs, either to y<sup>e</sup> lords, or + them; yet, if they might measure their fear of offence by their practise, + they had rather (in that poynte) they should deal with y<sup>e</sup> + lords, who were beter able to bear it, or help them selves, then they + were. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[407]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + But least I should be teadious, I will forbear other things, and come to + the conclusion that was made in y<sup>e</sup> endd. To make any forcible + resistance was farr from their thoughts, (they had enough of y<sup>t</sup> + about Kenebeck,) and to live in continuall contention with their freinds + & brethren would be uncomfortable, and too heavie a burden to bear. + Therfore for peace sake (though they conceived they suffered much in this + thing) they thought it better to let them have it upon as good termes as + they could gett; and so they fell to treaty. The first thing y<sup>t</sup> + (because they had made so many & long disputs aboute it) they would + have them to grante was, y<sup>t</sup> they had right too it, or ells they + would never treat aboute it. The<a name="FNanchor_DP_120" + id="FNanchor_DP_120"></a><a href="#Footnote_DP_120" class="fnanchor">[DP]</a> + which being acknowledged, & yeelded unto by them, this was y<sup>e</sup> + conclusion they came unto in y<sup>e</sup> end after much adoe: that they + should retaine their house, and have the 16. parte of all they had bought + of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans; and y<sup>e</sup> other should have all y<sup>e</sup> + rest of y<sup>e</sup> land; leaveing such a moyety to those [214] of + New-towne, as they reserved for them. This 16. part was to be taken in too + places; one towards y<sup>e</sup> house, the other towards New-townes + proporrtion. Also they were to pay according to proportion, what had been + disbursed to y<sup>e</sup> Indeans for y<sup>e</sup> purchass. Thus was y<sup>e</sup> + controversie ended, but the unkindnes not so soone forgotten. They of + New-towne delt more fairly, desireing only what they could <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[408]</a></span>conveniently + spare, from a competancie reserved for a plantation, for them selves; + which made them the more carfull to procure a moyety for them, in this + agreement & distribution. + </p> + <p> + Amongst y<sup>e</sup> other bussinesses that M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow had to + doe in England, he had order from y<sup>e</sup> church to provid & + bring over some able & fitt man for to be their minister. And + accordingly he had procured a godly and a worthy<a name="FNanchor_DQ_121" + id="FNanchor_DQ_121"></a><a href="#Footnote_DQ_121" class="fnanchor">[DQ]</a> + man, one M<sup>r</sup>. Glover; but it pleased God when he was prepared + for the viage, he fell sick of a feaver and dyed. Afterwards, when he was + ready to come away, he became acquainted with M<sup>r</sup>. Norton, who + was willing to come over, but would not ingage him selfe to this place, + otherwise then he should see occasion when he came hear; and if he liked + better else wher, to repay y<sup>e</sup> charge laid out for him, (which + came to aboute 70<sup>li</sup>.) and to be at his liberty. He stayed + aboute a year with them, after he came over, and was well liked of them, + & much desired by them; but he was invited to Ipswich, wher were many + rich & able men, and sundry of his aquaintance; so he wente to them, + & is their minister. Aboute half of y<sup>e</sup> charg was repayed, y<sup>e</sup> + rest he had for y<sup>e</sup> pains he tooke amongst them. <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[409]</a></span> + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1636" id="a1636"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1636.</i> + </p> + <p> + <span class="smcap">M<sup>r</sup>. Ed: Winslow</span> was chosen Gov<sup>r</sup> + this year. + </p> + <p> + In y<sup>e</sup> former year, because they perceived by M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslows later letters that no accounts would be sente, they resolved to + keep y<sup>e</sup> beaver, and send no more, till they had them, or came + to some further agreemente. At least they would forbear till M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow came over, that by more full conferance with him they might better + understand what was meete to be done. But when he came, though he brought + no accounts, yet he perswaded them to send y<sup>e</sup> beaver, & was + confident upon y<sup>e</sup> receite of y<sup>t</sup> beaver, & his + letters, they should have accounts y<sup>e</sup> nexte year; and though + they thought his grounds but weake, that gave him this hope, & made + him so confidente, yet by his importunitie they yeelded, & sente y<sup>e</sup> + same, ther being a ship at y<sup>e</sup> latter end of year, by whom they + sente 1150<sup>li</sup>. waight of beaver, and 200. otter skins, besids + sundrie small furrs, as 55. minks, 2. black foxe skins, &c. And this + year, in the spring, came in a Dutch man, who thought to have traded at y<sup>e</sup> + Dutch-forte; [215] but they would not suffer him. He, having good store of + trading goods, came to this place, & tendred them to sell; of whom + they bought a good quantitie, they being very good & fitte for their + turne, as Dutch roll, ketles, &c., which goods amounted to y<sup>e</sup> + valew of 500<sup>li</sup>., for y<sup>e</sup> paymente of which they + passed <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[410]</a></span>bills + to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley in England, having before sente y<sup>e</sup> + forementioned parcell of beaver. And now this year (by another ship) sente + an other good round parcell that might come to his hands, & be sould + before any of these bills should be due. The quantity of beaver now sent + was 1809<sup>li</sup>. waight, and of otters 10. skins, and shortly after + (y<sup>e</sup> same year) was sent by another ship (Mr. Langrume maister), + in beaver 0719<sup>li</sup>. waight, and of otter skins 199. concerning + which M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley thus writs. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Your leters I have received, with 8. hoggsheads of beaver by Ed: + Wilkinson, master of y<sup>e</sup> Falcon. Blessed be God for y<sup>e</sup> + safe coming of it. I have also seen & acceped 3. bills of exchainge, + &c. But I must now acquainte you how the Lords heavie hand is upon + this kingdom in many places, but cheefly in this cittie, with his + judgmente of y<sup>e</sup> plague. The last weeks bill was 1200. & + odd, I fear this will be more; and it is much feared it will be a winter + sicknes. By reason wherof it is incredible y<sup>e</sup> number of + people y<sup>t</sup> are gone into y<sup>e</sup> cuntry & left y<sup>e</sup> + citie. I am perswaded many more then went out y<sup>e</sup> last + sicknes; so as here is no trading, carriers from most places put downe; + nor no receiving of any money, though long due. M<sup>r</sup>. Hall ows + us more then would pay these bills, but he, his wife, and all, are in y<sup>e</sup> + cuntrie, 60. miles from London. I write to him, he came up, but could + not pay us. I am perswaded if I should offer to sell y<sup>e</sup> + beaver at 8s. p<sup>r</sup> pound, it would not yeeld money; but when y<sup>e</sup> + Lord shall please to cease his hand, I hope we shall have better & + quicker markets; so it shall lye by. Before I accepted y<sup>e</sup> + bills, I acquainted M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp & M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews + with them, & how ther could be no money made nor <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[411]</a></span>received; + and that it would be a great discredite to you, which never yet had any + turned back, and a shame to us, haveing 1800<sup>li</sup>. of beaver + lying by us, and more oweing then y<sup>e</sup> bills come too, &c. + But all was nothing; neither of them both will put too their finger to + help. I offered to supply my 3. parte, but they gave me their answer + they neither would nor could, &c. How ever, your bils shall be + satisfied to y<sup>e</sup> parties good contente; but I would not have + thought they would have left either you or me at this time, &c. You + will and may expect I should write more, & answer your leters, but I + am not a day in y<sup>e</sup> weeke at home at towne, but carry my books + & all to Clapham; for here is y<sup>e</sup> miserablest time y<sup>t</sup> + I thinke hath been known in many ages. I have know̅ 3. great + sickneses, but none like this. And that which should be a means to + pacifie y<sup>e</sup> Lord, & help us, that is taken away, preaching + put downe in many places, not a sermone in Westminster on y<sup>e</sup> + saboth, nor in many townes aboute us; y<sup>e</sup> Lord in mercie looke + uppon us. In the begining of y<sup>e</sup> year was a great [216] + drought, & no raine for many weeks togeather, so as all was burnte + up, haye, at 5<sup>li</sup>. a load; and now all raine, so as much + sommer come & later haye is spoyled. Thus y<sup>e</sup> Lord sends + judgmente after judgmente, and yet we cannot see, nor humble our selves; + and therfore may justly fear heavier judgments, unless we speedyly + repente, & returne unto him, which y<sup>e</sup> Lord give us grace + to doe, if it be his blessed will. Thus desiring you to remember us in + your prayers, I ever rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your loving friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Sep<sup>t</sup>: 14. 1636. + </div> + </div> + <p> + This was all the answer they had from M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, by which M<sup>r</sup>. + Winslow saw his hops failed him. So they now resoloved to send no more + beaver in y<sup>t</sup> way <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_412" + id="Page_412">[412]</a></span>which they had done, till they came to some + issue or other aboute these things. But now came over letters from M<sup>r</sup>. + Andrews & M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp full of complaints, that they + marveled y<sup>t</sup> nothing was sent over, by which any of their moneys + should be payed in; for it did appear by y<sup>e</sup> accounte sente in + An<sup>o</sup> 1631. that they were each of them out, aboute a leven + hundered pounds a peece, and all this while had not received one penie + towards y<sup>e</sup> same. But now M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley sought to draw + more money from them, and was offended because they deneyed him; and + blamed them hear very much that all was sent to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, + & nothing to them. They marvelled much at this, for they conceived + that much of their moneis had been paid in, & y<sup>t</sup> yearly + each of them had received a proportionable quantity out of y<sup>e</sup> + larg returnes sent home. For they had sente home since y<sup>t</sup> + accounte was received in An<sup>o</sup> 1631. (in which all & more + then all their debts, w<sup>th</sup> y<sup>t</sup> years supply, was + charged upon them) these sumes following. + </p> + <table summary="accounts" border="0"> + <tr> + <td> + Nov<sup>br</sup> 8. + </td> + <td> + An<sup>o</sup> 1631. + </td> + <td> + By M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce + </td> + <td align="right"> + 0400<sup>li</sup>. + </td> + <td> + waight of beaver, & otters + </td> + <td align="right"> + 20. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + July 13. + </td> + <td> + An<sup>o</sup> 1632. + </td> + <td> + By M<sup>r</sup>. Griffin + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1348<sup>li</sup>. + </td> + <td> + beaver, & otters + </td> + <td align="right"> + 147. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td></td> + <td> + An<sup>o</sup> 1633. + </td> + <td> + By M<sup>r</sup>. Graves + </td> + <td align="right"> + 3366<sup>li</sup>. + </td> + <td> + bever, & otters + </td> + <td align="right"> + 346. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td></td> + <td> + An<sup>o</sup> 1634. + </td> + <td> + By M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews + </td> + <td align="right"> + 3738<sup>li</sup>. + </td> + <td> + beaver, & otters + </td> + <td align="right"> + 234. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td></td> + <td> + An<sup>o</sup> 1635. + </td> + <td> + By M<sup>r</sup>. Babb + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1150<sup>li</sup>. + </td> + <td> + beaver, & otters + </td> + <td align="right"> + 200. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td> + June 24. + </td> + <td> + An<sup>o</sup> 1636. + </td> + <td> + By M<sup>r</sup>. Wilkinson + </td> + <td align="right"> + 1809<sup>li</sup>. + </td> + <td> + beaver, & otters + </td> + <td align="right"> + 010. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td></td> + <td> + Ibidem. + </td> + <td> + By M<sup>r</sup>. Langrume + </td> + <td align="right"> + 0719<sup>li</sup>. + </td> + <td> + beaver, & otters + </td> + <td align="right"> + 199. + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td></td> + <td></td> + <td></td> + <td align="right"> + ——— + </td> + <td></td> + <td align="right"> + —— + </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td></td> + <td></td> + <td></td> + <td align="right"> + <a name="FNanchor_DR_122" id="FNanchor_DR_122"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DR_122" class="fnanchor">[DR]</a>12150<sup>li</sup>. + </td> + <td></td> + <td align="right"> + 1156. + </td> + </tr> + </table> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[413]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + All these sumes were safly rceived & well sould, as appears by leters. + The coat beaver usualy at 20<sup>s</sup>. p<sup>r</sup> pound, and some at + 24<sup>s</sup>.; the skin at 15. & sometimes 16. I doe not remember + any under 14. It may be y<sup>e</sup> last year might be something lower, + so also ther were some small furrs that are not recconed in this accounte, + & some black beaver at higer rates, to make up y<sup>e</sup> defects. + [217] It was conceived that y<sup>e</sup> former parcells of beaver came + to litle less then 10000<sup>li</sup>. sterling, and y<sup>e</sup> otter + skins would pay all y<sup>e</sup> charge, & they w<sup>th</sup> other + furrs make up besids if any thing wanted of y<sup>e</sup> former sume. + When y<sup>e</sup> former accounte was passed, all their debts (those of + White-Angelle & Frendship included) came but to 4770<sup>li</sup>. And + they could not estimate that all y<sup>e</sup> supplies since sent them, + & bills payed for them, could come to above 2000<sup>li</sup>. so as + they conceived their debts had been payed, with advantage or intrest. But + it may be objected, how comes it that they could not as well exactly sett + downe their receits, as their returnes, but thus estimate it. I answer, 2. + things were y<sup>e</sup> cause of it; the first & principall was, + that y<sup>e</sup> new accountante, which they in England would needs + presse upon them, did wholy faile them, & could never give them any + accounte; but trusting to his memorie, & lose papers, let things rune + into such confusion, that neither he, nor any with him, could bring things + to rights. But being often called upon to perfecte his <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[414]</a></span>accounts, + he desired to have such a time, and such a time of leasure, and he would + doe it. In y<sup>e</sup> intrime he fell into a great sicknes, and in + conclusion it fell out he could make no accounte at all. His books were + after a litle good begining left altogeather unperfect; and his papers, + some were lost, & others so confused, as he knew not what to make of + them him selfe, when they came to be searched & examined. This was not + unknowne to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley; and they came to smarte for it to + purposs, (though it was not their faulte,) both thus in England, and also + here; for they conceived they lost some hundreds of pounds for goods + trusted out in y<sup>e</sup> place, which were lost for want of clear + accounts to call them in. Another reason of this mischeefe was, that after + M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was sente into England to demand accounts, and to + excepte against y<sup>e</sup> Whit-Angell, they never had any price sent + with their goods, nor any certaine invoyce of them; but all things stood + in confusion, and they were faine to guesse at y<sup>e</sup> prises of + them. + </p> + <p> + They write back to M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews & M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, + and tould them they marveled they should write they had sent nothing home + since y<sup>e</sup> last accounts; for they had sente a great deale; and + it might rather be marveled how they could be able to send so much, besids + defraying all charg at home, and what they had lost by the French, and so + much cast away at sea, when M<sup>r</sup>. Peirce lost his ship on y<sup>e</sup> + coast of Virginia. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[415]</a></span>What + they had sente was to them all, and to them selves as well as M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley, and if they did not looke after it, it was their owne falts; they + must referr them to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, who had received [218] it, to + demand it of him. They allso write to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley to y<sup>e</sup> + same purposs, and what the others complaints were. + </p> + <p> + This year 2. shallops going to Coonigtecutt with goods from y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusetts of such as removed theither to plante, were in an easterly + storme cast away in coming into this harbore in y<sup>e</sup> night; the + boats men were lost, and the goods were driven all alonge the shore, and + strowed up & downe at high-water marke. But y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + caused them to be gathered up, and drawn togeather, and appointed some to + take an inventory of them, and others to wash & drie such things as + had neede therof; by which means most of y<sup>e</sup> goods were saved, + and restored to y<sup>e</sup> owners. Afterwards anotheir boate of theirs + (going thither likwise) was cast away near unto Manoanscusett, and such + goods as came a shore were preserved for them. Such crosses they mette + with in their beginings; which some imputed as a correction from God for + their intrution (to y<sup>e</sup> wrong of others) into y<sup>t</sup> + place. But I dare not be bould with Gods judgments in this kind. + </p> + <p> + In y<sup>e</sup> year 1634, the Pequents (a stoute and warlike people), + who had made warrs with sundry of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_416" + id="Page_416">[416]</a></span>their neigbours, and puft up with many + victories, grue now at varience with y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets, a great + people bordering upon them. These Narigansets held correspondance and + termes of freindship with y<sup>e</sup> English of y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusetts. Now y<sup>e</sup> Pequents, being conscious of y<sup>e</sup> + guilte of Captain-Stones death, whom they knew to be an-English man, as + also those y<sup>t</sup> were with him, and being fallen out with y<sup>e</sup> + Dutch, least they should have over many enemies at once, sought to make + freindship with y<sup>e</sup> English of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts; and + for y<sup>t</sup> end sent both messengers & gifts unto them, as + appears by some letters sent from y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> hither. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Dear & worthy S<sup>r</sup>: &c. To let you know somwhat of our + affairs, you may understand that y<sup>e</sup> Pequents have sent some + of theirs to us, to desire our freindship, and offered much wampam & + beaver, &c. The first messengers were dismissed without answer; with + y<sup>e</sup> next we had diverce dayes conferance, and taking y<sup>e</sup> + advice of some of our ministers, and seeking the Lord in it, we + concluded a peace & freindship with them, upon these conditions: + that they should deliver up to us those men who were guilty of Stones + death, &c. And if we desired to plant in Conightecute, they should + give up their right to us, and so we would send to trade with them as + our freinds (which was y<sup>e</sup> cheefe thing we aimed at, being now + in warr with y<sup>e</sup> Dutch and y<sup>e</sup> rest of their + neigbours). To this they readily agreed; and that we should meadiate a + peace betweene them and the Narigansetts; for which end they were + contente we should give the Narigansets parte of y<sup>t</sup> presente, + they would bestow on us <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_417" + id="Page_417">[417]</a></span>(for they stood [219]<a + name="FNanchor_DS_123" id="FNanchor_DS_123"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DS_123" class="fnanchor">[DS]</a> so much on their + honour, as they would not be seen to give any thing of them selves). As + for Captein Stone, they tould us ther were but 2. left of those who had + any hand in his death; and that they killed him in a just quarell, for + (say they) he surprised 2. of our men, and bound them, to make them by + force to shew him y<sup>e</sup> way up y<sup>e</sup> river;<a + name="FNanchor_DT_124" id="FNanchor_DT_124"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DT_124" class="fnanchor">[DT]</a> and he with 2. other + coming on shore, 9. Indeans watched him, and when they were a sleepe in + y<sup>e</sup> night, they kiled them, to deliver their owne men; and + some of them going afterwards to y<sup>e</sup> pinass, it was suddainly + blowne up. We are now preparing to send a pinass unto them, &c. + </p> + </div> + <p> + In an other of his, dated y<sup>e</sup> 12. of y<sup>e</sup> first month, + he hath this. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Our pinass is latly returned from y<sup>e</sup> Pequents; they put of + but litle comoditie, and found them a very false people, so as they mean + to have no more to doe with them. I have diverce other things to write + unto you, &c. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Yours ever assured, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Jo: Winthrop.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Boston, 12. of y<sup>e</sup> 1. month, 1634. + </div> + </div> + <p> + After these things, and, as I take, this year, John Oldom, (of whom much + is spoken before,) being now an inhabitant of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts, + went w<sup>th</sup> a small vessell, & slenderly mand, a trading into + these south parts, and upon a quarell betweene him & y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans was cutt of by them (as hath been before noted) at an iland called + by y<sup>e</sup> Indeans Munisses, but since by <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_418" id="Page_418">[418]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> English Block + Iland. This, with y<sup>e</sup> former about the death of Stone, and the + baffoyling of y<sup>e</sup> Pequents with y<sup>e</sup> English of y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusetts, moved them to set out some to take revenge, and require + satisfaction for these wrongs; but it was done so superfitially, and + without their acquainting of those of Conightecute & other neighbours + with y<sup>e</sup> same, as they did litle good. But their neigbours had + more hurt done, for some of y<sup>e</sup> murderers of Oldome fled to y<sup>e</sup> + Pequents, and though the English went to y<sup>e</sup> Pequents, and had + some parley with them, yet they did but delude them, & y<sup>e</sup> + English returned without doing any thing to purpose, being frustrate of + their oppertunitie by y<sup>e</sup> others deceite. After y<sup>e</sup> + English were returned, the Pequents tooke their time and oppertunitie to + cut of some of y<sup>e</sup> English as they passed in boats, and went on + fouling, and assaulted them y<sup>e</sup> next spring at their + habytations, as will appear in its place. I doe but touch these things, + because I make no question they wall be more fully & distinctly + handled by them selves, who had more exacte knowledg of them, and whom + they did more properly concerne. + </p> + <p> + This year M<sup>r</sup>. Smith layed downe his place of ministrie, partly + by his owne willingnes, as thinking it too heavie a burthen, and partly at + the desire, and by y<sup>e</sup> perswasion, of others; and the church + sought out for [220]<a name="FNanchor_DU_125" id="FNanchor_DU_125"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DU_125" class="fnanchor">[DU]</a> some other, having often + been disappointed <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[419]</a></span>in + their hops and desires heretofore. And it pleased the Lord to send them an + able and a godly man,<a name="FNanchor_DV_126" id="FNanchor_DV_126"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DV_126" class="fnanchor">[DV]</a> and of a meeke and + humble spirite, sound in y<sup>e</sup> truth, and every way unreproveable + in his life & conversation; whom, after some time of triall, they + chose for their teacher, the fruits of whose labours they injoyed many + years with much comforte, in peace, & good agreemente. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1637" id="a1637"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1637.</i> + </p> + <p> + In y<sup>e</sup> fore parte of this year, the Pequents fell openly upon y<sup>e</sup> + English at Conightecute, in y<sup>e</sup> lower parts of y<sup>e</sup> + river, and slew sundry of them, (as they were at work in y<sup>e</sup> + feilds,) both men & women, to y<sup>e</sup> great terrour of y<sup>e</sup> + rest; and wente away in great prid & triumph, with many high threats. + They allso assalted a fort at y<sup>e</sup> rivers mouth, though strong + and well defended; and though they did not their prevaile, yet it struk + them with much fear & astonishmente to see their bould attempts in the + face of danger; which made them in all places to stand upon their gard, + and to prepare for resistance, and ernestly to solissite their freinds and + confederats in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of Massachusets to send them speedy aide, + for they looked for more forcible assaults. M<sup>r</sup>. Vane, being + then Gov<sup>r</sup>, write from their Generall Courte to them hear, to + joyne with them in this warr; to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_420" + id="Page_420">[420]</a></span>which they were cordially willing, but tooke + opportunitie to write to them aboute some former things, as well as + presente, considerable hereaboute. The which will best appear in y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> answer which he returned to y<sup>e</sup> same, which I + shall here inserte. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: The Lord having so disposed, as that your letters to our + late Gov<sup>r</sup> is fallen to my lott to make answer unto, I could + have wished I might have been at more freedome of time & thoughts + also, that I might have done it more to your & my owne satisfaction. + But what shall be wanting now may be supplyed hereafter. For y<sup>e</sup> + matters which from your selfe & counsell were propounded & + objected to us, we thought not fitte to make them so publicke as y<sup>e</sup> + cognizance of our Generall Courte. But as they have been considered by + those of our counsell, this answer we thinke fitt to returne unto you. + (1.) Wereas you signifie your willingnes to joyne with us in this warr + against y<sup>e</sup> Pequents, though you cannot ingage your selves + without y<sup>e</sup> consente of your Generall Courte, we acknowledg + your good affection towards us, (which we never had cause to doubt of,) + and are willing to attend your full resolution, when it may most + seasonably be ripened. (2<sup>ly</sup>.) Wheras you make this warr to be + our peopls, and not [221] to conceirne your selves, otherwise then by + consequence, we do in parte consente to you therin; yet we suppose, + that, in case of perill, you will not stand upon such terms, as we hope + we should not doe towards you; and withall we conceive that you looke at + y<sup>e</sup> Pequents, and all other Indeans, as a com̅one enimie, + who, though he may take occasion of y<sup>e</sup> begining of his rage, + from some one parte of y<sup>e</sup> English, yet if he prevaile, will + surly pursue his advantage, to y<sup>e</sup> rooting out of y<sup>e</sup> + whole nation. Therfore when we desired your help, we did it not without + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">[421]</a></span>respecte + to your owne saftie, as ours. (3<sup>ly</sup>.) Wheras you desire we + should be ingaged to aide you, upon all like occasions; we are perswaded + you doe not doubte of it; yet as we now deale with you as a free people, + and at libertie, so as we cannot draw you into this warr with us, + otherwise then as reason may guid & provock you; so we desire we may + be at y<sup>e</sup> like freedome, when any occasion may call for help + from us. And wheras it is objected to us, that we refused to aide you + against y<sup>e</sup> French; we conceive y<sup>e</sup> case was not + alicke; yet we cannot wholy excuse our failing in that matter. (4<sup>ly</sup>.) + Weras you objecte that we began y<sup>e</sup> warr without your + privitie, & managed it contrary to your advise; the truth is, that + our first intentions being only against Block Iland, and y<sup>e</sup> + interprice seeming of small difficultie, we did not so much as consider + of taking advice, or looking out for aide abroad. And when we had + resolved upon y<sup>e</sup> Pequents, we sent presently, or not long + after, to you aboute it; but y<sup>e</sup> answer received, it was not + seasonable for us to chaing our counsells, excepte we had seen and + waighed your grounds, which might have out wayed our owne. + </p> + <p> + (5<sup>ly</sup>.) For our peoples trading at Kenebeck, we assure you (to + our knowledge) it hath not been by any allowance from us; and what we + have provided in this and like cases, at our last Courte, M<sup>r</sup>. + E. W. can certifie you. + </p> + <p> + And (6<sup>ly</sup>); wheras you objecte to us y<sup>t</sup> we should + hold trade & correspondancie with y<sup>e</sup> French, your + enemise; we answer, you are misinformed, for, besids some letters which + hath passed betweene our late Gov<sup>r</sup> and them, to which we were + privie, we have neither sente nor incouraged ours to trade with them; + only one vessell or tow, for y<sup>e</sup> better conveāce of our + letters, had licens from our Gov<sup>r</sup> to sayle thither.<a + name="FNanchor_DW_127" id="FNanchor_DW_127"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DW_127" class="fnanchor">[DW]</a> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_422" id="Page_422">[422]</a></span>Diverce + other things have been privatly objected to us, by our worthy freind, + wherunto he received some answer; but most of them concerning y<sup>e</sup> + apprehention of perticuler discurteseis, or injueries from some + perticuler persons amongst us. It concernes us not to give any other + answer to them then this; that, if y<sup>e</sup> offenders shall be + brought forth in a right way, we shall be ready to doe justice as y<sup>e</sup> + case shall require. In the meane time, we desire you to rest assured, + that such things are without our privity, and not a litle greeveous to + us. + </p> + <p> + Now for y<sup>e</sup> joyning with us in this warr, which indeed + concerns us no other wise then it may your selves, viz.: the releeving + of our freinds & Christian [222] breethren, who are now first in y<sup>e</sup> + danger; though you may thinke us able to make it good without you, (as, + if y<sup>e</sup> Lord please to be with us, we may,) yet 3. things we + offer to your consideration, which (we conceive) may have some waight + with you. (First) y<sup>t</sup> if we should sinck under this burden, + your opportunitie of seasonable help would be lost in 3. respects. 1. + You cannot recover us, or secure your selves ther, with 3. times y<sup>e</sup> + charge & hazard which now y<sup>e</sup> may. 2<sup>ly</sup>. The + sorrowes which we should lye under (if through your neglect) would much + abate of y<sup>e</sup> acceptablenes of your help afterwards. 3<sup>ly</sup>. + Those of yours who are now full of courage and forwardnes, would be much + damped, and so less able to undergoe so great a burden. The (2.) thing + is this, that it concernes us much to hasten this warr to an end before + y<sup>e</sup> end of this somer, otherwise y<sup>e</sup> newes of it + will discourage both your & our freinds from coming to us next year; + with what further hazard & losse it may expose us unto, your selves + may judge. + </p> + <p> + The (3.) thing is this, that if y<sup>e</sup> Lord shall please to + blesse our endeaours, so as we end y<sup>e</sup> warr, or put it in a + hopefull way without you, it may breed such ill thoughts in our people + towards yours, as will be hard to entertaine <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_423" id="Page_423">[423]</a></span>such opinione of your good + will towards us, as were fitt to be nurished among such neigbours & + brethren as we are. And what ill consequences may follow, on both sids, + wise men may fear, & would rather prevente then hope to redress. So + with my harty salutations to you selfe, and all your counsell, and other + our good freinds with you, I rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Yours most assured in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Jo: Winthrop.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Boston, y<sup>e</sup> 20. of y<sup>e</sup> 3. month, 1637. + </div> + </div> + <p> + In y<sup>e</sup> mean time, the Pequents, espetially in y<sup>e</sup> + winter before, sought to make peace with y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets, and + used very pernicious arguments to move them therunto: as that y<sup>e</sup> + English were stranegers and begane to overspred their countrie, and would + deprive them therof in time, if they were suffered to grow & increse; + and if y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets did assist y<sup>e</sup> English to + subdue them, they did but make way for their owne overthrow, for if they + were rooted out, the English would soone take occasion to subjugate them; + and if they would harken to them, they should not neede to fear y<sup>e</sup> + strength of y<sup>e</sup> English; for they would not come to open battle + with them, but fire their houses, kill their katle, and lye in ambush for + them as they went abroad upon their occasions; and all this they might + easily doe without any or litle danger to them selves. The which course + being held, they well saw the English could not long subsiste, but they + would either be starved with hunger, or be forced to forsake the countrie; + with many y<sup>e</sup> like things; insomuch <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_424" id="Page_424">[424]</a></span>that y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansets were once wavering, and were halfe minded to have made peace + with them, and joy̅ed against y<sup>e</sup> English. But againe when + they considered, how much wrong they had received from the Pequents, and + what an oppertunitie they now had by y<sup>e</sup> help of y<sup>e</sup> + English to right them selves, revenge was so sweete unto them, as it + prevailed above all y<sup>e</sup> rest; so as they resolved to joyne with + y<sup>e</sup> English against them, & did. [223] The Court here agreed + forwith to send 50. men at their owne charg; and w<sup>th</sup> as much + speed as posiblie they could, gott them armed, and had made them ready + under sufficiente leaders, and provided a barke to carrie them provisions + & tend upon them for all occasions; but when they were ready to march + (with a supply from y<sup>e</sup> Bay) they had word to stay, for y<sup>e</sup> + enimy was as good as vanquished, and their would be no neede. + </p> + <p> + I shall not take upon me exactly to describe their proceedings in these + things, because I expecte it will be fully done by them selves, who best + know the carrage & circumstances of things; I shall therfore but touch + them in generall. From Connightecute (who were most sencible of y<sup>e</sup> + hurt sustained, & y<sup>e</sup> present danger), they sett out a + partie of men, and an other partie mett them from y<sup>e</sup> Bay, at y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansets, who were to joyne with them. Y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets were + ernest to be gone before y<sup>e</sup> English were well rested and + refreshte, espetially some of them which came last. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_425" id="Page_425">[425]</a></span>It should seeme their desire + was to come upon y<sup>e</sup> enemie sudenly, & undiscovered. Ther + was a barke of this place, newly put in ther, which was come from + Conightecutte, who did incourage them to lay hold of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans + forwardnes, and to shew as great forwardnes as they, for it would incorage + them, and expedition might prove to their great advantage. So they went + on, and so ordered their march, as the Indeans brought them to a forte of + y<sup>e</sup> enimies (in which most of their cheefe men were) before day. + They approached y<sup>e</sup> same with great silence, and surrounded it + both with English & Indeans, that they might not breake out; and so + assualted them with great courage, shooting amongst them, and entered y<sup>e</sup> + forte with all speed; and those y<sup>t</sup> first entered found sharp + resistance from the enimie, who both shott at & grapled with them; + others rane into their howses, & brought out fire, and sett them on + fire, which soone tooke in their matts, &, standing close togeather, + with y<sup>e</sup> wind, all was quickly on a flame, and therby more were + burnte to death then was otherwise slain; it burnte their bowstrings, and + made them unservisable. Those y<sup>t</sup> scaped y<sup>e</sup> fire were + slaine with y<sup>e</sup> sword; some hewed to peeces, others rune throw + with their rapiers, so as they were quickly dispatchte, and very few + escaped. It was conceived they thus destroyed about 400. at this time. It + was a fearfull sight to see them thus frying in y<sup>e</sup> fyer, and y<sup>e</sup> + streams of blood <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">[426]</a></span>quenching + y<sup>e</sup> same, and horrible was y<sup>e</sup> stinck & sente ther + of; but y<sup>e</sup> victory seemed a sweete sacrifice, and they gave the + prays therof to God, who had wrought so wonderfuly for them, thus to + inclose their enimise in their hands, and give them so speedy a victory + over so proud & insulting an enimie. The Narigansett Indeans, all this + while, stood round aboute, but aloofe from all danger, and left y<sup>e</sup> + whole [224] execution to y<sup>e</sup> English, exept it were y<sup>e</sup> + stoping of any y<sup>t</sup> broke away, insulting over their enimies in + this their ruine & miserie, when they saw them dancing in y<sup>e</sup> + flames, calling them by a word in their owne language, signifing, O brave + Pequents! which they used familierly among them selves in their own + prayes, in songs of triumph after their victories. After this servis was + thus happily accomplished, they marcht to the water side, wher they mett + with some of their vesells, by which they had refreishing with victualls + & other necessaries. But in their march y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> + Pequents drew into a body, and acoasted them, thinking to have some + advantage against them by<a name="FNanchor_DX_128" id="FNanchor_DX_128"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DX_128" class="fnanchor">[DX]</a> reason of a neck of + land; but when they saw the English prepare for them, they kept a loofe, + so as they neither did hurt, nor could receive any. After their + refreishing & repair to geather for further counsell & directions, + they resolved to pursue their victory, and follow y<sup>e</sup> warr + against y<sup>e</sup> rest, but y<sup>e</sup> Narigansett Indeans <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_427" id="Page_427">[427]</a></span>most of + them forsooke them, and such of them as they had with them for guids, or + otherwise, they found them very could and backward in y<sup>e</sup> + bussines, ether out of envie, or y<sup>t</sup> they saw y<sup>e</sup> + English would make more profite of y<sup>e</sup> victorie then they were + willing they should, or els deprive them of such advantage as them selves + desired by having them become tributaries unto them, or y<sup>e</sup> + like. + </p> + <p> + For y<sup>e</sup> rest of this bussines, I shall only relate y<sup>e</sup> + same as it is in a leter which came from M<sup>r</sup>. Winthrop to y<sup>e</sup> + Gov<sup>r</sup> hear, as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Worthy S<sup>r</sup>: I received your loving letter, and am much + provocked to express my affections towards you, but straitnes of time + forbids me; for my desire is to acquainte you with y<sup>e</sup> Lords + greate mercies towards us, in our prevailing against his & our + enimies; that you may rejoyce and praise his name with us. About 80. of + our men, haveing costed along towards y<sup>e</sup> Dutch plantation, + (some times by water, but most by land,) mett hear & ther with some + Pequents, whom they slew or tooke prisoners. 2. sachems they tooke, + & beheaded; and not hearing of Sassacous, (the cheefe sachem,) they + gave a prisoner his life, to goe and find him out. He wente and brought + them word where he was, but Sassacouse, suspecting him to be a spie, + after he was gone, fled away with some 20. more to y<sup>e</sup> + Mowakes, so our men missed of him. Yet, deviding them selves, and + ranging up & downe, as y<sup>e</sup> providence of God guided them + (for y<sup>e</sup> Indeans were all gone, save 3. or 4. and they knew + not whither to guid them, or els would not), upon y<sup>e</sup> 13. of + this month, they light upon a great company of them, viz. 80. strong + men, & 200. women & children, in a small Indean <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[428]</a></span>towne, + fast by a hideous swamp, which they all slipped into before our men + could gett to them. Our captains were not then come togeither, but ther + was M<sup>r</sup>. Ludlow and Captaine Masson, with some 10. [225] of + their men, & Captaine Patrick with some 20. or more of his, who, + shooting at y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, Captaine Trask with 50. more came + soone in at y<sup>e</sup> noyse. Then they gave order to surround y<sup>e</sup> + swampe, it being aboute a mile aboute; but Levetenante Davenporte & + some 12. more, not hearing that com̅and, fell into y<sup>e</sup> + swampe among y<sup>e</sup> Indeans. The swampe was so thicke with + shrub-woode, & so boggie with all, that some of them stuck fast, and + received many shott. Levetenant Davenport was dangerously wounded aboute + his armehole, and another shott in y<sup>e</sup> head, so as, fainting, + they were in great danger to have been taken by y<sup>e</sup> Indeans. + But Sargante Rigges, & Jeffery, and 2. or 3. more, rescued them, and + slew diverse of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans with their swords. After they were + drawne out, the Indeans desired parley, & were offered (by Thomas + Stanton, our interpretour) that, if they would come out, and yeeld them + selves, they should have their lives, all that had not their hands in y<sup>e</sup> + English blood. Wherupon y<sup>e</sup> sachem of y<sup>e</sup> place came + forth, and an old man or 2. & their wives and children, and after + that some other women & children, and so they spake 2. howers, till + it was night. Then Thomas Stanton was sente into them againe, to call + them forth; but they said they would selle their lives their, and so + shott at him so thicke as, if he had not cried out, and been presently + rescued, they had slaine him. Then our men cutt of a place of y<sup>e</sup> + swampe with their swords, and cooped the Indeans into so narrow a + compass, as they could easier kill them throw y<sup>e</sup> thickets. So + they continued all y<sup>e</sup> night, standing aboute 12. foote one + from an other, and y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, coming close up to our men, + shot their arrows so thicke, as they pierced their hatte brimes, & + their sleeves, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_429" id="Page_429">[429]</a></span>& + stockins, & other parts of their cloaths, yet so miraculously did + the Lord preserve them as not one of them was wounded, save those 3. who + rashly went into y<sup>e</sup> swampe. When it was nere day, it grue + very darke, so as those of them which were left dropt away betweene our + men, though they stood but 12. or 14. foote assunder; but were presenly + discovered, & some killed in y<sup>e</sup> pursute. Upon searching + of y<sup>e</sup> swampe, y<sup>e</sup> next morning, they found 9. + slaine, & some they pulled up, whom y<sup>e</sup> Indeans had buried + in y<sup>e</sup> mire, so as they doe thinke that, of all this company, + not 20. did escape, for they after found some who dyed in their flight + of their wounds received. The prisoners were devided, some to those of y<sup>e</sup> + river, and the rest to us. Of these we send y<sup>e</sup> male children + to Bermuda,<a name="FNanchor_DY_129" id="FNanchor_DY_129"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DY_129" class="fnanchor">[DY]</a> by M<sup>r</sup>. + William Peirce, & y<sup>e</sup> women & maid children are + disposed aboute in the townes. Ther have been now slaine & taken, in + all, aboute 700. The rest are dispersed, and the Indeans in all quarters + so terrified as all their friends are affraid to receive them. 2. of y<sup>e</sup> + sachems of Long Iland came to M<sup>r</sup>. Stoughton and tendered them + selves to be tributaries under our protection. And 2. of y<sup>e</sup> + Neepnett sachems have been with me to seeke our frendship. Amonge the + prisoners we have y<sup>e</sup> wife & children of Mononotto, a + womon of a very modest countenance and behaviour. It was by her + mediation that the<a name="FNanchor_DZ_130" id="FNanchor_DZ_130"></a><a + href="#Footnote_DZ_130" class="fnanchor">[DZ]</a> 2. English [226] maids + were spared from death, and were kindly used by her; so that I have + taken charge of her. One of her first requests was, that the English + would not abuse her body, and that her children might not be taken from + her. Those which were wounded were fetched of soone by John Galopp, who + came with his shalop in a happie houre, to bring them victuals, and to + carrie their wounded men to y<sup>e</sup> pinass, wher our cheefe + surgeon was, w<sup>th</sup> M<sup>r</sup>. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_430" id="Page_430">[430]</a></span>Willson, being aboute 8. + leagues off. Our people are all in health, (y<sup>e</sup> Lord be + praised,) and allthough they had marched in their armes all y<sup>e</sup> + day, and had been in fight all y<sup>e</sup> night, yet they professed + they found them selves so fresh as they could willingly have gone to + such another bussines. + </p> + <p> + This is y<sup>e</sup> substance of that which I received, though I am + forced to omite many considerable circomstances. So, being in much + straitnes of time, (the ships being to departe within this 4. days, and + in them the Lord Lee and M<sup>r</sup>. Vane,) I hear breake of, and + with harty saluts to, &c., I rest + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Yours assured, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Jo: Winthrop.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + The 28. of y<sup>e</sup> 5. month, 1637. + </div> + <p> + The captains reporte we have slaine 13. sachems; but Sassacouse & + Monotto are yet living. + </p> + </div> + <p> + That I may make an end of this matter: this Sassacouse (y<sup>e</sup> + Pequents cheefe sachem) being fled to y<sup>e</sup> Mowhakes, they cutt of + his head, with some other of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of them, whether to + satisfie y<sup>e</sup> English, or rather y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets, (who, + as I have since heard, hired them to doe it,) or for their owne advantage, + I well know not; but thus this warr tooke end. The rest of y<sup>e</sup> + Pequents were wholy driven from their place, and some of them submitted + them selves to y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets, & lived under them; others + of them betooke them selves to y<sup>e</sup> Monhiggs, under Uncass, their + sachem, w<sup>th</sup> the approbation of y<sup>e</sup> English of + Conightecutt, under whose protection Uncass lived, and he and his men had + been faithful to them in this warr, & done them very good service. But + this did so vexe <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_431" id="Page_431">[431]</a></span>the + Narrigansetts, that they had not y<sup>e</sup> whole sweay over them, as + they have never ceased plotting and contriving how to bring them under, + and because they cannot attaine their ends, because of y<sup>e</sup> + English who have protected them, they have sought to raise a generall + conspiracie against y<sup>e</sup> English, as will appear in an other + place. + </p> + <p> + They had now letters againe out of England from M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews + & M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, that M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley neither had nor + would pay them any money, or give them any accounte, and so with much + discontent desired them hear to send them some, much blaming them still, + that they had sent all to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, & none to them + selves. Now, though they might have justly referred them to their former + answer, and insisted ther upon, & some wise men counselled them so to + doe, yet because they beleeved that [227] they were realy out round sumes + of money, (espetialy M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews,) and they had some in their + hands, they resolved to send them what bever they had.<a + name="FNanchor_EA_131" id="FNanchor_EA_131"></a><a href="#Footnote_EA_131" + class="fnanchor">[EA]</a> M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys letters were to this + purpose: that, as they had left him in y<sup>e</sup> paiment of y<sup>e</sup> + former bills, so he had tould them he would leave them in this, and + beleeve it, they should find it true. And he was as good as his word, for + they could never gett peney from him, nor bring him to any accounte, + though Mr. Beachamp sued him in y<sup>e</sup> Chancerie. But they all of + them turned their complaints <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_432" + id="Page_432">[432]</a></span>against them here, wher ther was least + cause, and who had suffered most unjustly; first from M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton & them, in being charged with so much of y<sup>t</sup> which + they never had, nor drunke for; and now in paying all, & more then all + (as they conceived), and yet still thus more demanded, and that with many + heavie charges. They now discharged M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley from his + agencie, and forbad him to buy or send over any more goods for them, and + prest him to come to some end about these things. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1638" id="a1638"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1638.</i> + </p> + <p> + This year M<sup>r</sup>. Thomas Prence was chosen Gov<sup>r</sup>. + </p> + <p> + Amongst other enormities that fell out amongst them, this year 3. men were + (after due triall) executed for robery & murder which they had + committed; their names were these, Arthur Peach, Thomas Jackson, and + Richard Stinnings; ther was a 4., Daniel Crose, who was also guilty, but + he escaped away, and could not be found. This Arthur Peach was y<sup>e</sup> + cheefe of them, and y<sup>e</sup> ring leader of all y<sup>e</sup> rest. + He was a lustie and a desperate yonge man, and had been one of y<sup>e</sup> + souldiers in y<sup>e</sup> Pequente warr, and had done as good servise as + y<sup>e</sup> most ther, and one of y<sup>e</sup> forwardest in any + attempte. And being now out of means, and loath to worke, and falling to + idle courses & company, he intended to goe to y<sup>e</sup> Dutch + plantation; and had alured these 3., being other mens servants and + apprentices, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_433" id="Page_433">[433]</a></span>to + goe with him. But another cause ther was allso of his secret going away in + this maner; he was not only rune into debte, but he had gott a maid with + child, (which was not known till after his death,) a mans servante in y<sup>e</sup> + towne, and fear of punishmente made him gett away. The other 3. + complotting with him, ranne away from their maisters in the night, and + could not be heard of, for they went not y<sup>e</sup> ordinarie way, but + shaped such a course as they thought to avoyd y<sup>e</sup> pursute of any + [228]. But falling into y<sup>e</sup> way that lyeth betweene y<sup>e</sup> + Bay of Massachusetts and the Narrigansets, and being disposed to rest them + selves, struck fire, and took tobaco, a litle out of y<sup>e</sup> way, by + y<sup>e</sup> way side. At length ther came a Narigansett Indean by, who + had been in y<sup>e</sup> Bay a trading, and had both cloth & beads + aboute him. (They had meett him y<sup>e</sup> day before, & he was now + returning.) Peach called him to drinke tobaco with them, and he came & + sate downe with them. Peach tould y<sup>e</sup> other he would kill him, + and take what he had from him. But they were some thing afraid; but he + said, Hang him, rogue, he had killed many of them. So they let him alone + to doe as he would; and when he saw his time, he tooke a rapier and rane + him through the body once or twise, and tooke from him 5. fathume of + wampam, and 3. coats of cloath, and wente their way, leaving him for dead. + But he scrabled away, when they were gone, and made shift to gett home, + (but dyed within <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[434]</a></span>a + few days after,) by which means they were discovered; and by subtilty the + Indeans tooke them. For they desiring a canow to sett them over a water, + (not thinking their facte had been known,) by y<sup>e</sup> sachems + command they were carried to Aquidnett Iland, & ther accused of y<sup>e</sup> + murder, and were examend & comitted upon it by y<sup>e</sup> English + ther. The Indeans sent for M<sup>r</sup>. Williams, & made a greeveous + complainte; his freinds and kinred were ready to rise in armes, and + provock the rest therunto, some conceiving they should now find y<sup>e</sup> + Pequents words trew: that y<sup>e</sup> English would fall upon them. But + M<sup>r</sup>. Williams pacified them, & tould them, they should see + justice done upon y<sup>e</sup> offenders; & wente to y<sup>e</sup> + man, & tooke M<sup>r</sup>. James, a phisition, with him. The man + tould him who did it, & in what maner it was done; but the phisition + found his wounds mortall, and that he could not live, (as he after + testified upon othe, before the jurie in oppen courte,) and so he dyed + shortly after, as both Mr. Williams, M<sup>r</sup>. James, & some + Indeans testified in courte. The Gov<sup>rt</sup> in the Bay were aquented + with it, but refferrd it hither, because it was done in this jurisdiction;<a + name="FNanchor_EB_132" id="FNanchor_EB_132"></a><a href="#Footnote_EB_132" + class="fnanchor">[EB]</a> but pressed by all means y<sup>t</sup> justice + might be done in it; or els y<sup>e</sup> countrie must rise & see + justice done, otherwise it would raise a warr. Yet some of y<sup>e</sup> + rude & ignorante sorte murmured that any <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_435" id="Page_435">[435]</a></span>English should be put to + death for y<sup>e</sup> Indeans. So at last they of y<sup>e</sup> iland + brought them hither, and being often examened, and y<sup>e</sup> evidence + prodused, they all in the end freely confessed in effect all y<sup>t</sup> + the Indean accused them of, & that they had done it, in y<sup>e</sup> + maner afforesaid; and so, upon y<sup>e</sup> forementioned evidence, were + cast by y<sup>e</sup> jurie, & condemned, & executed for the same. + And some of y<sup>e</sup> Narigansett Indeans, & of y<sup>e</sup> + parties freinds, were presente when it was done, which gave them & all + y<sup>e</sup> countrie good satisfaction. But it was a matter of much + sadnes to them hear, and was y<sup>e</sup> 2. execution which they had + since they came; being both for wilfull murder, as hath bene before + related. Thus much of this mater. + </p> + <p> + [229] They received this year more letters from England full of reneued + complaints, on y<sup>e</sup> one side, that they could gett no money nor + accounte from M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley; & he againe, y<sup>t</sup> he + was pressed therto, saying he was to accounte with those hear, and not + with them, &c. So, as was before resolved, if nothing came of their + last letters, they would now send them what they could, as supposing, when + some good parte was payed them, that M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley & they + would more easily agree aboute y<sup>e</sup> remainder. + </p> + <p> + So they sent to M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews and M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, by M<sup>r</sup>. + Joseph Yonge, in y<sup>e</sup> Mary & Anne, 1325<sup>li</sup>. waight + of beaver, devided betweene them. M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp returned an + accounte of his moyety, that he made 400<sup>li</sup>. <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[436]</a></span>starling + of it, fraight and all charges paid. But M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, though he + had y<sup>e</sup> more and beter parte, yet he made not so much of his, + through his owne indiscretion; and yet turned y<sup>e</sup> loss<a + name="FNanchor_EC_133" id="FNanchor_EC_133"></a><a href="#Footnote_EC_133" + class="fnanchor">[EC]</a> upon them hear, but without cause. + </p> + <p> + They sent them more by bills & other paimente, which was received + & acknowledged by them, in money<a name="FNanchor_ED_134" + id="FNanchor_ED_134"></a><a href="#Footnote_ED_134" class="fnanchor">[ED]</a> + & y<sup>e</sup> like; which was for katle sould of M<sup>r</sup>. + Allertons, and y<sup>e</sup> price of a bark sold, which belonged to y<sup>e</sup> + stock, and made over to them in money, 434<sup>li</sup>. sterling. The + whole sume was 1234<sup>li</sup>. sterling, save what M<sup>r</sup>. + Andrews lost in y<sup>e</sup> beaver, which was otherwise made good. But + yet this did not stay their clamors, as will apeare here after more at + large. + </p> + <p> + It pleased God, in these times, so to blesse y<sup>e</sup> cuntry with + such access & confluance of people into it, as it was therby much + inriched, and catle of all kinds stood at a high rate for diverce years + together. Kine were sould at 20<sup>li</sup>. and some at 25<sup>li</sup>. + a peece, yea, some times at 28<sup>li</sup>. A cow-calfe usually at 10<sup>li</sup>. + A milch goate at 3<sup>li</sup>. & some at 4<sup>li</sup>. And femall + kids at 30<sup>s</sup>. and often at 40<sup>s</sup>. a peece. By which + means y<sup>e</sup> anciente planters which had any stock begane to grow + in their estats. Corne also wente at a round rate, viz. 6<sup>s</sup>. a + bushell. So as other trading begane to be neglected; and the old partners + (having now forbidden M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley to send them any more goods) + broke of their trade at <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_437" + id="Page_437">[437]</a></span>Kenebeck, and, as things stood, would follow + it no longer. But some of them, (with other they joyned with,) being loath + it should be lost by discontinuance, agreed with y<sup>e</sup> company for + it, and gave them aboute y<sup>e</sup> 6. parte of their gaines for it; + [230]<a name="FNanchor_EE_135" id="FNanchor_EE_135"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EE_135" class="fnanchor">[EE]</a> with y<sup>e</sup> first + fruits of which they builte a house for a prison; and the trade ther hath + been since continued, to y<sup>e</sup> great benefite of y<sup>e</sup> + place; for some well fore-sawe that these high prises of corne and catle + would not long continue, and that then y<sup>e</sup> com̅odities ther + raised would be much missed. + </p> + <p> + This year, aboute y<sup>e</sup> 1. or 2. of June, was a great & + fearfull earthquake; it was in this place heard before it was felte. It + came with a rumbling noyse, or low murmure, like unto remoate thunder; it + came from y<sup>e</sup> norward, & pased southward. As y<sup>e</sup> + noyse aproched nerer, they earth begane to shake, and came at length with + that violence as caused platters, dishes, & such like things as stoode + upon shelves, to clatter & fall downe; yea, persons were afraid of y<sup>e</sup> + houses them selves. It so fell oute y<sup>t</sup> at y<sup>e</sup> same + time diverse of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe of this towne were mett together at + one house, conferring with some of their freinds that were upon their + removall from y<sup>e</sup> place, (as if y<sup>e</sup> Lord would herby + shew y<sup>e</sup> signes of his displeasure, in their shaking a peeces + & removalls one from an other.) How ever it was very terrible for y<sup>e</sup> + time, and as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_438" id="Page_438">[438]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + men were set talking in y<sup>e</sup> house, some women & others were + without y<sup>e</sup> dores, and y<sup>e</sup> earth shooke with y<sup>t</sup> + violence as they could not stand without catching hould of y<sup>e</sup> + posts & pails y<sup>t</sup> stood next them; but y<sup>e</sup> + violence lasted not long. And about halfe an hower, or less, came an other + noyse & shaking, but nether so loud nor strong as y<sup>e</sup> + former, but quickly passed over; and so it ceased. It was not only on y<sup>e</sup> + sea coast, but y<sup>e</sup> Indeans felt it within land; and some ships + that were upon y<sup>e</sup> coast were shaken by it. So powerfull is y<sup>e</sup> + mighty hand of y<sup>e</sup> Lord, as to make both the earth & sea to + shake, and the mountaines to tremble before him, when he pleases; and who + can stay his hand? It was observed that y<sup>e</sup> som̅ers, for + divers years togeather after this earthquake, were not so hotte & + seasonable for y<sup>e</sup> ripning of corne & other fruits as + formerly; but more could & moyst, & subjecte to erly & untimly + frosts, by which, many times, much Indean corne came not to maturitie; but + whether this was any cause, I leave it to naturallists to judge. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1639" id="a1639"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1639. & Anno Dom: 1640.</i> + </p> + <p> + These 2. years I joyne togeather, because in them fell not out many things + more then y<sup>e</sup> ordinary passages of their com̅one affaires, + which are not needfull to be touched. [231] Those of this plantation + having at sundrie times granted lands for severall <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_439" id="Page_439">[439]</a></span>townships, and amongst y<sup>e</sup> + rest to y<sup>e</sup> inhabitants of Sityate, some wherof issewed from + them selves, and allso a large tracte of land was given to their 4. London + partners in y<sup>e</sup> place, viz. M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, M<sup>r</sup>. + Beacham, M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, & M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley. At M<sup>r</sup>. + Hatherley's request and choys it was by him taken for him selfe and them + in y<sup>t</sup> place; for the other 3. had invested him with power & + trust to chose for them. And this tracte of land extended to their utmoste + limets that way, and bordered on their neigbours of y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets, who had some years after seated a towne (called Hingam) on + their lands next to these parts. So as now ther grue great differance + betweene these 2. townships, about their bounds, and some meadow grownds + that lay betweene them. They of Hingam presumed to alotte parte of them to + their people, and measure & stack them out. The other pulled up their + stacks, & threw them. So it grew to a controversie betweene the 2. + goverments, & many letters and passages were betweene them aboute it; + and it hunge some 2. years in suspense. The Courte of Massachusets, + appointed some to range their line according to y<sup>e</sup> bounds of + their patente, and (as they wente to worke) they made it to take in all + Sityate, and I know not how much more. Againe, on y<sup>e</sup> other + hand, according to y<sup>e</sup> line of the patente of this place, it + would take in Hingame and much more within their bounds. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_440" id="Page_440">[440]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + In y<sup>e</sup> end boath Courts agreed to chose 2. comissioners of each + side, and to give them full & absolute power to agree and setle y<sup>e</sup> + bounds betwene them; and what they should doe in y<sup>e</sup> case should + stand irrevocably. One meeting they had at Hingam, but could not conclude; + for their comissioners stoode stiffly on a clawes in their graunte, That + from Charles-river, or any branch or parte therof, they were to extend + their limits, and 3. myles further to y<sup>e</sup> southward; or from y<sup>e</sup> + most southward parte of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets Bay, and 3. mile + further. But they chose to stand on y<sup>e</sup> former termes, for they + had found a smale river, or brooke rather, that a great way with in land + trended southward, and issued into some part of y<sup>t</sup> river taken + to be Charles-river, and from y<sup>e</sup> most southerly part of this, + & 3. mile more southward of y<sup>e</sup> same, they would rune a line + east to y<sup>e</sup> sea, aboute 20. mile; which will (say they) take in + a part of Plimoth itselfe. Now it is to be knowne y<sup>t</sup> though + this patente & plantation were much the ancienter, yet this + inlargemente of the same (in which Sityate stood) was granted after + theirs, and so theirs were first to take place, before this inlargmente. + Now their answer was, first, that, however according to their owne plan, + they could noway come upon any part of their ancieante grante. [232] + Secondly. They could never prove y<sup>t</sup> to be a parte of + Charles-river, for they knew not which was Charles-river, but as y<sup>e</sup> + people of this <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_441" id="Page_441">[441]</a></span>place, + which came first, imposed such a name upon y<sup>t</sup> river, upon + which, since, Charles-towne is builte (supposing y<sup>t</sup> was it, + which Captaine Smith in his mapp so named). Now they y<sup>t</sup> first + named it have best reason to know it, and to explaine which is it. But + they only tooke it to be Charles river, as fare as it was by them + navigated, and y<sup>t</sup> was as farr as a boate could goe. But y<sup>t</sup> + every runlett or small brooke, y<sup>t</sup> should, farr within land, + come into it, or mixe their stremes with it, and were by y<sup>e</sup> + natives called by other & differente names from it, should now by them + be made Charles-river, or parts of it, they saw no reason for it. And gave + instance in Humber, in Old England, which had y<sup>e</sup> Trente, Ouse, + and many others of lesser note fell into it, and yet were not counted + parts of it; and many smaler rivers & broks fell into y<sup>e</sup> + Trente, & Ouse, and no parts of them, but had nams aparte, and + divisions & nominations of them selves. Againe, it was pleaded that + they had no east line in their patente, but were to begine at y<sup>e</sup> + sea, and goe west by a line, &c. At this meeting no conclution was + made, but things discussed & well prepared for an issue. The next year + y<sup>e</sup> same com̅issioners had their power continued or + renewed, and mett at Sityate, and concluded y<sup>e</sup> mater, as + followeth.<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_442" id="Page_442">[442]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>The agreemente of y<sup>e</sup> bounds betwixte Plimoth and + Massachusetts.</i> + </p> + <p> + Wheras ther were tow comissiones granted by y<sup>e</sup> 2. + jurisdictions, y<sup>e</sup> one of Massachsets Govermente, granted unto + John Endecott, gent: and Israell Stoughton, gent: the other of + New-Plimoth Govermente, to William Bradford, Gov<sup>r</sup>, and Edward + Winslow, gent: and both these for y<sup>e</sup> setting out, setling, + & determining of y<sup>e</sup> bounds & limitts of y<sup>e</sup> + lands betweene y<sup>e</sup> said jurisdictions, wherby not only this + presente age, but y<sup>e</sup> posteritie to come may live peaceably + & quietly in y<sup>t</sup> behalfe. And for as much as y<sup>e</sup> + said comissioners on both sids have full power so to doe, as appeareth + by y<sup>e</sup> records of both jurisdictions; we therfore, y<sup>e</sup> + said comissioners above named, doe hearby with one consente & + agreemente conclude, detirmine, and by these presents declare, that all + y<sup>e</sup> marshes at Conahasett y<sup>t</sup> lye of y<sup>e</sup> + one side of y<sup>e</sup> river next to Hingam, shall belong to y<sup>e</sup> + jurisdition of Massachusetts Plantation; and all y<sup>e</sup> marshes y<sup>t</sup> + lye on y<sup>e</sup> other side of y<sup>e</sup> river next to Sityate, + shall be long to y<sup>e</sup> jurisdiction of New-Plimoth; excepting + 60. acers of marsh at y<sup>e</sup> mouth of y<sup>e</sup> river, on + Sityate side next to the sea, which we doe herby agree, conclude, & + detirmine shall belong to y<sup>e</sup> jurisdition of Massachusetts. + And further, we doe hearby agree, determine, and conclude, y<sup>t</sup> + the bounds of y<sup>e</sup> limites betweene both y<sup>e</sup> said + jurisditions are as followeth, viz. from y<sup>e</sup> mouth of y<sup>e</sup> + brook y<sup>t</sup> runeth into Chonahasett marches (which we call by y<sup>e</sup> + name of Bound-brooke) with a stright & directe line to y<sup>e</sup> + midle of a great ponde, y<sup>t</sup> lyeth on y<sup>e</sup> right hand + of y<sup>e</sup> uper path, or commone way, y<sup>t</sup> leadeth + betweene Waimoth and Plimoth, close to y<sup>e</sup> path as [233] we + goe alonge, which was formerly named (and still we desire may be caled) + Accord pond, lying aboute five or 6. myles from Weimoth southerley; and + from thence with a straight line to <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_443" id="Page_443">[443]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> souther-most + part of Charles-river,<a name="FNanchor_EF_136" id="FNanchor_EF_136"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EF_136" class="fnanchor">[EF]</a> & 3. miles + southerly, inward into y<sup>e</sup> countrie, according as is expresed + in y<sup>e</sup> patente granted by his Ma<sup>tie</sup> to y<sup>e</sup> + Company of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts Plantation. Provided allways and + never y<sup>e</sup> less concluded & determined by mutuall + agreemente betweene y<sup>e</sup> said comissioners, y<sup>t</sup> if it + fall out y<sup>t</sup> the said line from Accord-pond to y<sup>e</sup> + sothermost parte of Charles-river, & 3. myles southerly as is before + expresed, straiten or hinder any parte of any plantation begune by y<sup>e</sup> + Gove<sup>rt</sup> of New-Plimoth, or hereafter to be begune within 10. + years after y<sup>e</sup> date of these ps<sup>nts</sup>, that then, + notwithstanding y<sup>e</sup> said line, it shall be lawfull for y<sup>e</sup> + said Gov<sup>rt</sup> of New-Plimoth to assume on y<sup>e</sup> + northerly side of y<sup>e</sup> said line, wher it shall so intrench as + afforesaid, so much land as will make up y<sup>e</sup> quantity of eight + miles square, to belong to every shuch plantation begune, or to [be] + begune as afforesaid; which we agree, determine, & conclude to + appertaine & belong to y<sup>e</sup> said Gov<sup>rt</sup> of + New-Plimoth. And wheras y<sup>e</sup> said line, from y<sup>e</sup> said + brooke which runeth into Choahassett saltmarshes, called by us + Bound-brooke, and y<sup>e</sup> pond called Accord-pond, lyeth nere y<sup>e</sup> + lands belonging to y<sup>e</sup> tounships of Sityate & Hingam, we + doe therfore hereby determine & conclude, that if any devissions + allready made and recorded, by either y<sup>e</sup> said townships, doe + crose the said line, that then it shall stand, & be of force + according to y<sup>e</sup> former intents and purposes of the said + townes granting them (the marshes formerly agreed on exepted). And y<sup>t</sup> + no towne in either jurisdiction shall hereafter exceede, but containe + them selves within y<sup>e</sup> said lines expressed. In witnes wherof + we, the comissioners of both jurisdictions, doe by these presents + indented set our hands & scales y<sup>e</sup> ninth day of y<sup>e</sup> + 4. month in 16. year of our soveraine lord, king Charles; and in y<sup>e</sup> + year of our Lord, 1640. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="ltr_sig_multi" style="margin-left:0;"> + <span class="smcap">William Bradford, Gov<sup>r</sup>.</span><br /> + <span class="smcap">Ed: Winslow.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Jo: + Endecott.</span><br /> <span class="smcap">Israell Stoughton.</span><br /> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_444" id="Page_444">[444]</a></span>Wheras + y<sup>e</sup> patente was taken in y<sup>e</sup> name of William Bradford, + (as in trust,) and rane in these termes: To him, his heires, and associats + & assignes; and now y<sup>e</sup> noumber of free-men being much + increased, and diverce tounships established and setled in severall + quarters of y<sup>e</sup> govermente, as Plimoth, Duxberie, Sityate, + Tanton, Sandwich, Yarmouth, Barnstable, Marchfeeld, and not longe after, + Seacunke (called afterward, at y<sup>e</sup> desire of y<sup>e</sup> + inhabitants, Rehoboth) and Nawsett, it was by y<sup>e</sup> Courte desired + that William Bradford should make a surrender of the same into their + hands. The which he willingly did, in this maner following. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Wheras William Bradford, and diverce others y<sup>e</sup> first + instruments of God in the begin̅ing of this great work of + plantation, togeather with such as y<sup>e</sup> allordering hand of God + in his providence soone added unto them, have been at very great charges + to procure y<sup>e</sup> lands, priviledges, & freedoms from all + intanglments, as may appeare by diverse & sundrie deeds, inlargments + of grants, purchases, and payments of debts, &c., by reason wherof y<sup>e</sup> + title to y<sup>e</sup> day of these presents [234] remaineth in y<sup>e</sup> + said William Bradford, his heires, associats, and assignes: now, for y<sup>e</sup> + better setling of y<sup>e</sup> estate of the said lands (contained in y<sup>e</sup> + grant or pattente), the said William Bradford, and those first + instruments termed & called in sondry orders upon publick recorde, Y<sup>e</sup> + Purchasers, or Old comers; witnes 2. in spetiall, the one bearing date y<sup>e</sup> + 3. of March, 1639. the other in Des: the 1. An<sup>o</sup> 1640. + wherunto these presents have spetiall relation & agreemente, and + wherby they are distinguished from other y<sup>e</sup> freemen & + inhabitants of y<sup>e</sup> said corporation. Be it knowne unto all + men, therfore, by these presents, that the <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_445" id="Page_445">[445]</a></span>said William Bradford, for + him selfe, his heires, together with y<sup>e</sup> said purchasers, doe + only reserve unto them selves, their heires, and assignes those 3. + tractes of land mentioned in y<sup>e</sup> said resolution, order, and + agreemente, bearing date y<sup>e</sup> first of Des: 1640. viz. first, + from y<sup>e</sup> bounds of Yarmouth, 3. miles to y<sup>e</sup> + eastward of Naemschatet, and from sea to sea, crose the neck of land. + The 2. of a place called Acoughcouss, which lyeth in y<sup>e</sup> + botome of y<sup>e</sup> bay adjoyning to y<sup>e</sup> west-side of + Pointe Perill, and 2. myles to y<sup>e</sup> westerne side of y<sup>e</sup> + said river, to an other place called Acushente river, which entereth at + y<sup>e</sup> westerne end of Nacata, and 2. miles to y<sup>e</sup> + eastward therof, and to extend 8. myles up into y<sup>e</sup> countrie. + The 3. place, from Sowansett river to Patucket river, (with Cawsumsett + neck,) which is y<sup>e</sup> cheefe habitation of y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans, & reserved for them to dwell upon, extending into y<sup>e</sup> + land 8. myles through y<sup>e</sup> whole breadth therof. Togeather with + such other small parcells of lands as they or any of them are personally + possessed of or intressed in, by vertue of any former titles or grante + whatsoever. And y<sup>e</sup> said William Bradford doth, by y<sup>e</sup> + free & full consente, approbation, and agreemente of y<sup>e</sup> + said old-planters, or purchasers, together with y<sup>e</sup> liking, + approbation, and acceptation of y<sup>e</sup> other parte of y<sup>e</sup> + said corporation, surrender into y<sup>e</sup> hands of y<sup>e</sup> + whole courte, consisting of y<sup>e</sup> free-men of this corporation + of New-Plimoth, all y<sup>t</sup> other right & title, power, + authority, priviledges, immunities, & freedomes granted in y<sup>e</sup> + said letters patents by y<sup>e</sup> said right Honb<sup>le</sup> + Counsell for New-England; reserveing his & their personall right of + freemen, together w<sup>th</sup> the said old planters afforesaid, + excepte y<sup>e</sup> said lands before excepted, declaring the freemen + of this corporation, togeather with all such as shal be legally admitted + into y<sup>e</sup> same, his associats. And y<sup>e</sup> said William + Bradford, for him, his heiers, & assignes, doe hereby further + promise and grant to doe & performe whatsoever further thing or + things, acte or actes, which in him lyeth, which shall be needfull and + expediente for y<sup>e</sup> better <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_446" id="Page_446">[446]</a></span>confirming and + establishing the said premises, as by counsel lerned in y<sup>e</sup> + lawes shall be reasonably advised and devised, when he shall be ther + unto required. In witness wherof, the said William Bradford hath in + publick courte surrendered the said letters patents actually into y<sup>e</sup> + hands & power of y<sup>e</sup> said courte, binding him selfe, his + heires, executors, administrators, and assignes to deliver up whatsoever + spetialties are in his hands that doe or may concerne the same. + </p> + </div> + <p> + [235] In these 2. years they had sundry letters out of England to send one + over to end the buissines and accounte with M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley; who + now professed he could not make up his accounts without y<sup>e</sup> help + of some from hence, espetialy M<sup>r</sup>. Winslows. They had serious + thoughts of it, and y<sup>e</sup> most parte of y<sup>e</sup> partners + hear thought it best to send; but they had formerly written such bitter + and threatening letters as M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow was neither willing to + goe, nor y<sup>t</sup> any other of y<sup>e</sup> partners should; for he + was perswaded, if any of them wente, they should be arested, and an action + of such a sum̅e layed upon them as they should not procure baele, but + must lye in prison, and then they would bring them to what they liste; or + other wise they might be brought into trouble by y<sup>e</sup> + arch-bishops means, as y<sup>e</sup> times then stood. But, + notwithstanding, they weer much inclined to send, & Captaine Standish + was willing to goe, but they resolved, seeing they could not all agree in + this thing, and that it was waighty, and y<sup>e</sup> consequence might + prove dangerous, to take M<sup>r</sup>. Winthrops advise in y<sup>e</sup> + thing, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_447" id="Page_447">[447]</a></span>and + y<sup>e</sup> rather, because M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews had by many letters + acquaynted him with y<sup>e</sup> differences betweene them, and appoynted + him for his assigne to receive his parte of y<sup>e</sup> debte. (And + though they deneyed to pay him any as a debte, till y<sup>e</sup> + controversie was ended, yet they had deposited 110<sup>li</sup>. in money + in his hands for M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, to pay to him in parte as soone + as he would come to any agreement with y<sup>e</sup> rest.) But M<sup>r</sup>. + Winthrop was of M<sup>r</sup>. Winslows minde, and disswaded them from + sending; so they broak of their resolution from sending, and returned this + answer: that the times were dangerous as things stood with them, for they + knew how M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow had suffered formerley, and for a small + matter was clapte up in y<sup>e</sup> Fleete, & it was long before he + could gett out, to both his & their great loss and damage; and times + were not better, but worse, in y<sup>t</sup> respecte. Yet, that their + equall & honest minds might appeare to all men, they made them this + tender: to refferr y<sup>e</sup> case to some gentle-men and marchants in + y<sup>e</sup> Bay of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts, such as they should + chuse, and were well knowne unto them selves, (as they perceived their wer + many of their aquaintance and freinds ther, better knowne to them then y<sup>e</sup> + partners hear,) and let them be informed in y<sup>e</sup> case by both + sids, and have all y<sup>e</sup> evidence y<sup>t</sup> could be prodused, + in writing, or other wise; and they would be bound to stand to their + determination, and make good their <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_448" + id="Page_448">[448]</a></span>award, though it should cost them all they + had in y<sup>e</sup> world. But this did not please them, but they were + offended at it, without any great reasone for ought I know, (seeing nether + side could give in clear accountes, y<sup>e</sup> partners here could not, + by reason they (to their smarte) were failed by y<sup>e</sup> accountante + they sent them, and M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley pretened he could not allso,) + save as they conceived it a disparagmente to yeeld to their inferiours in + respecte of y<sup>e</sup> place and other concurring circomstances. So + this came to nothing; and afterward M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley write, y<sup>t</sup> + if M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow would mett him in France, y<sup>e</sup> + Low-Countries, or Scotland, let y<sup>e</sup> place be knowne, and he + [236] come to him ther. But in regard of y<sup>e</sup> troubles that now + begane to arise in our owne nation, and other reasons, this did not come + to any effecte. That which made them so desirous to bring things to an end + was partly to stope y<sup>e</sup> clamours and aspertions raised & + cast upon them hereaboute; though they conceived them selves to sustaine + the greatest wrong, and had most cause of complainte; and partly because + they feared y<sup>e</sup> fall of catle, in which most parte of their + estats lay. And this was not a vaine feare; for they fell indeede before + they came to a conclusion, and that so souddanly, as a cowe that but a + month before was worth 20<sup>li</sup>., and would so have passed in any + paymente, fell now to 5<sup>li</sup>. and would yeeld no more; and a goate + that wente at 3<sup>li</sup>. or 50<sup>s</sup>. <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_449" id="Page_449">[449]</a></span>would now yeeld but 8. or 10<sup>s</sup>. + at most. All men feared a fall of catle, but it was thought it would be by + degrees; and not to be from y<sup>e</sup> highest pitch at once to y<sup>e</sup> + lowest, as it did, which was greatly to y<sup>e</sup> damage of many, and + y<sup>e</sup> undoing of some. An other reason was, they many of them grew + aged, (and indeed a rare thing it was that so many partners should all + live together so many years as these did,) and saw many changes were like + to befall; so as they were loath to leave these intanglments upon their + children and posteritie, who might be driven to remove places, as they had + done; yea, them selves might doe it yet before they dyed. But this + bussines must yet rest; y<sup>e</sup> next year gave it more ripnes, + though it rendred them less able to pay, for y<sup>e</sup> reasons + afforesaid. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1641" id="a1641"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1641.</i> + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley being weary of this controversie, and desirous of + an end, (as well as them selves,) write to M<sup>r</sup>. John Atwode and + M<sup>r</sup>. William Collier, 2. of y<sup>e</sup> inhabitants of this + place, and of his speatiall aquaintance, and desired them to be a means to + bring this bussines to an end, by advising & counselling the partners + hear, by some way to bring it to a composition, by mutuall agreemente. And + he write to them selves allso to y<sup>t</sup> end, as by his letter may + apear; so much therof as concernse y<sup>e</sup> same I shall hear relate. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_450" id="Page_450">[450]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>. My love remembered, &c. I have writte so much + concerning y<sup>e</sup> ending of accounts betweexte us, as I profess I + know not what more to write, &c. If you desire an end, as you seeme + to doe, ther is (as I conceive) but 2. waise; that is, to parfecte all + accounts, from y<sup>e</sup> first to y<sup>e</sup> last, &c. Now if + we find this difficulte, and tedious, haveing not been so stricte & + carefull as we should and oughte to have done, as for my owne parte I + doe confess I have been somewhat to remisse, and doe verily thinke so + are you, &c. I fear you can never make a perfecte accounte of all + your pety viages, out, & home too & againe, &c.<a + name="FNanchor_EG_137" id="FNanchor_EG_137"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EG_137" class="fnanchor">[EG]</a> So then y<sup>e</sup> + second way must be, by biding, or [237] compounding; and this way, first + or last, we must fall upon, &c. If we must warr at law for it, doe + not you expecte from me, nether will I from you, but to cleave y<sup>e</sup> + heare, and then I dare say y<sup>e</sup> lawyers will be most gainers, + &c. Thus let us set to y<sup>e</sup> worke, one way or other, and + end, that I may not allways suffer in my name & estate. And you are + not free; nay, y<sup>e</sup> gospell suffers by your delaying, and + causeth y<sup>e</sup> professors of it to be hardly spoken of, that you, + being many, & now able, should combine & joyne togeather to + oppress & burden me, &c. Fear not to make a faire & + reasonable offer; beleeve me, I will never take any advantage to plead + it against you, or to wrong you; or else let M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow come + over, and let him have such full power & authority as we may ende by + compounding; or else, y<sup>e</sup> accounts so well and fully made up, + as we may end by reconing. Now, blesed be God, y<sup>e</sup> times be + much changed here, I hope to see many of you returne to you<sup>r</sup> + native countrie againe, and have such freedome & libertie as y<sup>e</sup> + word of God prescribs. Our bishops were never so near a downfall as now; + God hath miraculously confounded them, and turned all their popish &<span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_451" id="Page_451">[451]</a></span> + Machavillian plots & projects on their owne heads, &c. Thus you + see what is fitt to be done concerning our perticulere greevances. I + pray you take it seriously into consideration; let each give way a litle + that we may meete, &c. Be you and all yours kindly saluted, &c. + So I ever rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your loving friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Clapham, May 18, 1641. + </div> + </div> + <p> + Being thus by this leter, and allso by M<sup>r</sup>. Atwodes & M<sup>r</sup>. + Colliers mediation urged to bring things to an end, (and y<sup>e</sup> + continuall clamors from y<sup>e</sup> rest,) and by none more urged then + by their own desires, they tooke this course (because many scandals had + been raised upon them). They apoynted these 2. men before mentioned to + meet on a certaine day, and called some other freinds on both sids, and M<sup>r</sup>. + Free-man, brother in law to M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, and having drawne up + a collection of all y<sup>e</sup> remains of y<sup>e</sup> stock, in what + soever it was, as housing, boats, bark, and all implements belonging to y<sup>e</sup> + same, as they were used in y<sup>e</sup> time of y<sup>e</sup> trad, were + they better or worce, with y<sup>e</sup> remaines of all com̅odities, + as beads, knives, hatchetts, cloth, or any thing els, as well y<sup>e</sup> + refuse as y<sup>e</sup> more vendible, with all debts, as well those y<sup>t</sup> + were desperate as others more hopefull; and having spent diverce days to + bring this to pass, having y<sup>e</sup> helpe of all bookes and papers, + which either any of them selves had, or Josias Winslow, who was their + accountante; and they found y<sup>e</sup> sume in all to arise (as y<sup>e</sup> + things were valued) to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_452" + id="Page_452">[452]</a></span>aboute 1400<sup>li</sup>. And they all of + them tooke a voluntary but a sollem oath, in y<sup>e</sup> presence one of + an other, and of all their frends, y<sup>e</sup> persons abovesaid y<sup>t</sup> + were now presente, that this was all that any of them knew of, or could + remember; and Josias Winslow did y<sup>e</sup> like for his parte. But y<sup>e</sup> + truth is they wrongd them selves much in y<sup>e</sup> valuation, for they + reconed some catle as they were taken of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton, as for + instance a cowe in y<sup>e</sup> hands of one cost 25<sup>li</sup>. and so + she was valued in this accounte; but when she came to be past away in + parte of paymente, after y<sup>e</sup> agreemente, she would be accepted + but a 4<sup>li</sup>. 15<sup>s</sup>. [238] Also being tender of their + oaths, they brought in all they know owing to y<sup>e</sup> stock; but + they had not made y<sup>e</sup> like diligente search what y<sup>e</sup> + stocke might owe to any, so as many scattering debts fell upon afterwards + more then now they know of. + </p> + <p> + Upon this they drew certaine articles of agreemente betweene M<sup>r</sup>. + Atwode, on M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys behalfe, and them selves. The effecte + is as folloeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>Articles of agreemente made and concluded upon y<sup>e</sup> 15. day + of October, 1641. &c.</i> + </p> + <p> + Imp: Wheras ther was a partnership for diverce years agreed upon + betweene James Sherley, John Beacham, and Richard Andrews, of London, + marchants, and William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles + Standish, William Brewster, John Aldon, & John Howland, w<sup>th</sup> + Isaack Allerton, in a trade of beaver skines & other furrs arising + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_453" id="Page_453">[453]</a></span>in + New-England; the terme of which said partnership being expired, and + diverse sum̅es of money in goods adventured into New-England by y<sup>e</sup> + said James Sherley, John Beachamp, & Richard Andrews, and many large + returnes made from New-England by y<sup>e</sup> said William Bradford, + Ed: Winslow, &c.; and differance arising aboute y<sup>e</sup> charge + of 2. ships, the one called y<sup>e</sup> White Angele, of Bristow, and + y<sup>e</sup> other y<sup>e</sup> Frindship, of Barnstable, and a viage + intended in her, &c.; which said ships & their viages, y<sup>e</sup> + said William Bradford, Ed: W. &c. conceive doe not at all appertaine + to their accounts of partnership; and weras y<sup>e</sup> accounts of y<sup>e</sup> + said partnership are found to be confused, and cannot orderley appeare + (through y<sup>e</sup> defaulte of Josias Winslow, y<sup>e</sup> booke + keeper); and weras y<sup>e</sup> said W. B. &c. have received all + their goods for y<sup>e</sup> said trade from the foresaid James + Sherley, and have made most of their returnes to him, by consente of y<sup>e</sup> + said John Beachamp & Richard Andrews; and wheras also y<sup>e</sup> + said James Sherley hath given power & authoritie to M<sup>r</sup>. + John Atwode, with y<sup>e</sup> advice & consente of William + Collier, of Duxborow, for and on his behalfe, to put such an absolute + end to y<sup>e</sup> said partnership, with all and every accounts, + reconings, dues, claimes, demands, whatsoever, to y<sup>e</sup> said + James Sherley, John Beacham, & Richard Andrews, from y<sup>e</sup> + said W. B. &c. for and concerning y<sup>e</sup> said beaver trade, + & also y<sup>e</sup> charge y<sup>e</sup> said 2. ships, and their + viages made or pretended, whether just or unjuste, from y<sup>e</sup> + worlds begining to this presente, as also for y<sup>e</sup> paimente of + a purchas of 1800<sup>li</sup>. made by Isaack Allerton, for and on y<sup>e</sup> + behalfe of y<sup>e</sup> said W. B., Ed: W., &c., and of y<sup>e</sup> + joynt stock, shares, lands, and adventurs, what soever in New-England + aforesaid, as apeareth by a deede bearing date y<sup>e</sup> 6. Nov<sup>br</sup>. + 1627; and also for and from such sume and sumes of money or goods as are + received by William Bradford, Tho: Prence, & Myles Standish, for y<sup>e</sup> + recovery of dues, by accounts betwexte them, y<sup>e</sup> said James + Sherly, John Beachamp, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_454" + id="Page_454">[454]</a></span>& Richard Andrews, and Isaack + Allerton, for y<sup>e</sup> ship caled y<sup>e</sup> White Angell. Now y<sup>e</sup> + said John Attwode, with advice & counsell of y<sup>e</sup> said + William Collier, having had much comunication & spente diverse days + in agitation of all y<sup>e</sup> said differances & accounts with y<sup>e</sup> + said W. B., E. W., &c.; and y<sup>e</sup> said W. B., E. W., &c. + have also, with y<sup>e</sup> said book-keeper spente much time in + collecting & gathering togeither y<sup>e</sup> remainder of y<sup>e</sup> + stock of partnership for y<sup>e</sup> said trade, and what soever hath + beene received, or is due by y<sup>e</sup> said attorneyship before + expresed, and all, and all manner of goods, debts, and dues therunto + belonging, as well those debts that are weake and doubtfull [239] and + desperate, as those y<sup>t</sup> are more secure, which in all doe + amounte to y<sup>e</sup> sume of 1400<sup>li</sup>. or ther aboute; and + for more full satisfaction of y<sup>e</sup> said James Sherley, John + Beachamp, & Richard Andrews, the said W. B. and all y<sup>e</sup> + rest of y<sup>e</sup> abovesaid partners, togeither with Josias Winslow + y<sup>e</sup> booke keeper, have taken a voluntarie oath, y<sup>t</sup> + within y<sup>e</sup> said sume of 1400<sup>li</sup>. or theraboute, is + contained whatsoever they knew, to y<sup>e</sup> utmost of their + rememberance. + </p> + <p> + In consideration of all which matters & things before expressed, and + to y<sup>e</sup> end y<sup>t</sup> a full, absolute, and finall end may + be now made, and all suits in law may be avoyded, and love & peace + continued, it is therfore agreed and concluded betweene y<sup>e</sup> + said John Attwode, with y<sup>e</sup> advice & consent of y<sup>e</sup> + said William Colier, for & on y<sup>e</sup> behalfe of y<sup>e</sup> + said James Sherley, to and with y<sup>e</sup> said W. B., &c. in + maner and forme following: viz. that y<sup>e</sup> said John Attwode + shall procure a sufficiente release and discharge, under y<sup>e</sup> + hands & seals of y<sup>e</sup> said James Sherley, John Beachamp, + & Richard Andrews, to be delivered fayer & unconcealed unto y<sup>e</sup> + said William Bradford, &c., at or before y<sup>e</sup> last day of + August, next insuing y<sup>e</sup> date hereof, whereby y<sup>e</sup> + said William Bradford &c., their heires, executors, & + administrators, & <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_455" + id="Page_455">[455]</a></span>every of them shall be fully and absolutly + aquited & discharged of all actions, suits, reconings, accounts, + claimes, and demands whatsoever concerning y<sup>e</sup> generall stock + of beaver trade, paymente of y<sup>e</sup> said 1800<sup>li</sup>. for y<sup>e</sup> + purchass, and all demands, reckonings, and accounts, just or unjuste, + concerning the tow ships Whit-Angell and Frendship aforesaid, togeather + with whatsoever hath been received by y<sup>e</sup> said William + Bradford, of y<sup>e</sup> goods or estate of Isaack Allerton, for + satisfaction of y<sup>e</sup> accounts of y<sup>e</sup> said ship called + y<sup>e</sup> Whit Angele, by vertue of a lre of attourney to him, + Thomas Prence, & Myles Standish, directed from y<sup>e</sup> said + James Sherley, John Beachamp, & Richard Andrews, for y<sup>t</sup> + purpose as afforesaid. + </p> + <p> + It is also agreed & concluded upon betweene the said parties to + these presents, that the said W. B., E. W., &c. shall now be bound + in 2400<sup>li</sup>. for paymente of 1200<sup>li</sup>. in full + satisfaction of all demands as afforesaid; to be payed in maner & + forme following; that is to say, 400<sup>li</sup>. within 2. months next + after y<sup>e</sup> receite of the aforesaid releases and discharges, + one hundred and ten pounds wherof is allready in y<sup>e</sup> hands of + John Winthrop senior of Boston, Esquire, by the means of M<sup>r</sup>. + Richard Andrews afforesaid, and 80<sup>li</sup>. waight of beaver now + deposited into y<sup>e</sup> hands of y<sup>e</sup> said John Attwode, + to be both in part of paimente of y<sup>e</sup> said 400<sup>li</sup>. + and y<sup>e</sup> other 800<sup>li</sup>. to be payed by 200<sup>li</sup>. + p̲<sup>r</sup> an̅ume, to such assignes as shall be appointed, + inhabiting either in Plimoth or Massachusetts Bay, in such goods & + comodities, and at such rates, as the countrie shall afford at y<sup>e</sup> + time of delivery & paymente; and in y<sup>e</sup> mean time y<sup>e</sup> + said bond of 2400<sup>li</sup>. to be deposited into y<sup>e</sup> hands + of y<sup>e</sup> said John Attwode. And it is agreed upon by & + betweene y<sup>e</sup> said parties to these presents, that if y<sup>e</sup> + said John Attwode shall not or cannot procure such said releases & + discharges as afforesaid from y<sup>e</sup> said James Sherley, John + Bachamp, & <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_456" id="Page_456">[456]</a></span>Richard + Andrews, at or before y<sup>e</sup> last day of August next insuing y<sup>e</sup> + date hear of, y<sup>t</sup> then y<sup>e</sup> said John Attwode shall, + at y<sup>e</sup> said day precisely, redeliver, or cause to [240] be + delivered unto ye said W. B., E. W., &c. their said bond of 2400<sup>li</sup>. + and y<sup>e</sup> said 80<sup>li</sup>. waight of beaver, or y<sup>e</sup> + due valew therof, without any fraud or further delay; and for + performance of all & singuler y<sup>e</sup> covenants and agreements + hearin contained and expressed, which on y<sup>e</sup> one parte and + behalfe of y<sup>e</sup> said James Sherley are to be observed & + performed, shall become bound in y<sup>e</sup> sum̅e of 2400<sup>li</sup>. + to them, y<sup>e</sup> said William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas + Prence, Myles Standish, William Brewster, John Allden, and John Howland. + And it is lastly agreed upon betweene y<sup>e</sup> said parties, that + these presents shall be left in trust, to be kepte for boath parties, in + y<sup>e</sup> hands of Mr. John Reanour, teacher of Plimoth. In witnes + wherof, all y<sup>e</sup> said parties have hereunto severally sett + their hands, y<sup>e</sup> day and year first above writen. + </p> + <p> + <span class="smcap">John Atwode, William Bradford, Edward Winslow</span>, + &c. In y<sup>e</sup> presence of + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="ltr_sig_multi"> + <span class="smcap">Edmond Freeman,</span><br /> <span class="smcap">William + Thomas,</span><br /> <span class="smcap">William Pady,</span><br /> + <span class="smcap">Nathaniell Souther.</span> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p> + The nexte year this long and tedious bussines came to some issue, as will + then appeare, though not to a finall ende with all y<sup>e</sup> parties; + but this much for y<sup>e</sup> presente. + </p> + <p> + I had forgoten to inserte in its place how y<sup>e</sup> church here had + invited and sent for M<sup>r</sup>. Charles Chansey,<a + name="FNanchor_EH_138" id="FNanchor_EH_138"></a><a href="#Footnote_EH_138" + class="fnanchor">[EH]</a> a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_457" + id="Page_457">[457]</a></span>reverend, godly, and very larned man, + intending upon triall to chose him pastor of y<sup>e</sup> church hear, + for y<sup>e</sup> more comfortable performance of y<sup>e</sup> ministrie + with Mr. John Reinor, the teacher of the same. But ther fell out some + differance aboute baptising, he holding it ought only to be by diping, and + putting y<sup>e</sup> whole body under water, and that sprinkling was + unlawfull. The church yeelded that immersion, or dipping, was lawfull, but + in this could countrie not so conveniente. But they could not nor durst + not yeeld to him in this, that sprinkling (which all y<sup>e</sup> + churches of Christ doe for y<sup>e</sup> most parte use at this day) was + unlawfull, & an humane invention, as y<sup>e</sup> same was prest; but + they were willing to yeeld to him as far as y<sup>ey</sup> could, & to + y<sup>e</sup> utmost; and were contented to suffer him to practise as he + was perswaded; and when he came to minister that ordnance, he might so doe + it to any y<sup>t</sup> did desire it in y<sup>t</sup> way, provided he + could peacably suffer Mr. Reinor, and such as desired to have theirs + otherwise baptised by him, by sprinkling or powering on of water upon + them; so as ther might be no disturbance in y<sup>e</sup> church + hereaboute. But he said he could not yeeld herunto. Upon which the church + procured some other ministers to dispute y<sup>e</sup> pointe with him + publikly; as Mr. Ralfe Partrich, of Duxberie, who did it sundrie times, + very ablie and sufficently, as allso some other ministers within this + govermente. But he was not satisfied; so y<sup>e</sup> church sent to many + other <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_458" id="Page_458">[458]</a></span>churches + to crave their help and advise in [241] this mater, and, with his will + & consente, sent them his arguments writen under his owne hand. They + sente them to y<sup>e</sup> church at Boston in y<sup>e</sup> Bay of + Massachusets, to be comunicated with other churches ther. Also they sent y<sup>e</sup> + same to the churches of Conightecutt and New-Haven, with sundrie others; + and received very able & sufficent answers, as they conceived, from + them and their larned ministers, who all concluded against him. But him + selfe was not satisfied therw<sup>th</sup>. Their answers are too large + hear to relate. They conceived y<sup>e</sup> church had done what was + meete in y<sup>e</sup> thing, so M<sup>r</sup>. Chansey, having been y<sup>e</sup> + most parte of 3. years here, removed him selfe to Sityate, wher he now + remaines a minister to y<sup>e</sup> church ther. Also about these times, + now y<sup>t</sup> catle & other things begane greatly to fall from + their former rates, and persons begane to fall into more straits, and many + being allready gone from them, (as is noted before,) both to Duxberie, + Marshfeeld, and other places, & those of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe sorte, + as M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, Captaine Standish, Mr. Allden, and many other, + & stille some dropping away daly, and some at this time, and many more + unsetled, it did greatly weaken y<sup>e</sup> place, and by reason of y<sup>e</sup> + straitnes and barrennes of y<sup>e</sup> place, it sett y<sup>e</sup> + thoughts of many upon removeall; as will appere more hereafter. <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_459" id="Page_459">[459]</a></span> + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1642" id="a1642"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1642.</i> + </p> + <p> + Marvilous it may be to see and consider how some kind of wickednes did + grow & breake forth here, in a land wher the same was so much witnesed + against, and so narrowly looked unto, & severly punished when it was + knowne; as in no place more, or so much, that I have known or heard of; + insomuch as they have been somewhat censured, even by moderate and good + men, for their severitie in punishments. And yet all this could not + suppress y<sup>e</sup> breaking out of sundrie notorious sins, (as this + year, besids other, gives us too many sad presidents and instances,) + espetially drunkennes and unclainnes; not only incontinencie betweene + persons unmaried, for which many both men & women have been punished + sharply enough, but some maried persons allso. But that which is worse, + even sodomie and bugerie, (things fearfull to name,) have broak forth in + this land, oftener then once. I say it may justly be marveled at, and + cause us to fear & tremble at the consideration of our corrupte + natures, which are so hardly bridled, subdued, & mortified; nay, + cannot by any other means but y<sup>e</sup> powerfull worke & grace of + Gods spirite. But (besids this) one reason may be, that y<sup>e</sup> + Divell may carrie a greater spite against the churches of Christ and y<sup>e</sup> + gospell hear, by how much y<sup>e</sup> more they indeaour to preserve + holynes and puritie amongst them, and strictly punisheth the contrary + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_460" id="Page_460">[460]</a></span>when + it ariseth either in church or comone wealth; that he might cast a [242] + blemishe & staine upon them in y<sup>e</sup> eyes of [y<sup>e</sup>] + world, who use to be rash in judgmente. I would rather thinke thus, then + that Satane hath more power in these heathen lands, as som have thought, + then in more Christian nations, espetially over Gods servants in them. + </p> + <p> + 2. An other reason may be, that it may be in this case as it is with + waters when their streames are stopped or dam̅ed up, when they gett + passage they flow with more violence, and make more noys and disturbance, + then when they are suffered to rune quietly in their owne chanels. So + wikednes being here more stopped by strict laws, and y<sup>e</sup> same + more nerly looked unto, so as it cannot rune in a comone road of liberty + as it would, and is inclined, it searches every wher, and at last breaks + out wher it getts vente. + </p> + <p> + 3. A third reason may be, hear (as I am verily perswaded) is not more + evills in this kind, nor nothing nere so many by proportion, as in other + places; but they are here more discoverd and seen, and made publick by due + serch, inquisition, and due punishment; for y<sup>e</sup> churches looke + narrowly to their members, and y<sup>e</sup> magistrats over all, more + strictly then in other places. Besids, here the people are but few in + comparison of other places, which are full & populous, and lye hid, as + it were, in a wood or thickett, and many horrible evills by y<sup>t</sup> + means are never seen nor <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_461" + id="Page_461">[461]</a></span>knowne; wheras hear, they are, as it were, + brought into y<sup>e</sup> light, and set in y<sup>e</sup> plaine feeld, + or rather on a hill, made conspicuous to y<sup>e</sup> veiw of all. + </p> + <p> + But to proceede; y<sup>er</sup> came a letter from y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + in y<sup>e</sup> Bay to them here, touching matters of y<sup>e</sup> + forementioned nature, which because it may be usefull I shall hear relate + it, and y<sup>e</sup> passages ther aboute. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + S<sup>r</sup>: Having an opportunitie to signifie y<sup>e</sup> desires + of our Generall Court in toow things of spetiall importance, I willingly + take this occasion to imparte them to you, y<sup>t</sup> you may imparte + them to y<sup>e</sup> rest of your magistrats, and also to your Elders, + for counsell; and give us your advise in them. The first is concerning + heinous offences in point of uncleannes; y<sup>e</sup> perticuler cases, + with y<sup>e</sup> circomstances, and y<sup>e</sup> questions ther upon, + you have hear inclosed. The 2. thing is concerning y<sup>e</sup> + Ilanders at Aquidnett; y<sup>t</sup> seeing the cheefest of them are + gone from us, in offences, either to churches, or com̅one welth, or + both; others are dependants on them, and y<sup>e</sup> best sorte are + such as close with them in all their rejections of us. Neither is it + only in a faction y<sup>t</sup> they are devided from us, but in very + deed they rend them selves from all y<sup>e</sup> true churches of + Christ, and, many of them, from all y<sup>e</sup> powers of majestracie. + We have had some experience hereof by some of their underworkers, or + emissaries, who have latly come amongst us, and have made publick + defiance against magistracie, ministrie, churches, & church + covenants, &c. as antichristian; secretly also sowing y<sup>e</sup> + seeds of Familisme, and Anabaptistrie, to y<sup>e</sup> infection of + some, and danger of others; so that we are not willing to joyne with + them in any league or confederacie at all, but rather that you would + consider & advise with us how we may avoyd them, and keep ours from + being infected by them. Another thing I should mention <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_462" id="Page_462">[462]</a></span>to you, + for y<sup>e</sup> maintenance of y<sup>e</sup> trad of beaver; if ther + be not a company to order it in every jurisdition among y<sup>e</sup> + English, which companies should agree in generall of their way in trade, + I supose that y<sup>e</sup> trade will be overthrowne, and the Indeans + will abuse us. For this cause we have latly put it into order amongst + us, hoping of incouragmente from you (as we have had) y<sup>t</sup> we + may continue y<sup>e</sup> same. Thus not further to trouble you, I + rest, with my loving remembrance to your selfe, &c. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your loving friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Ri: Bellingham.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Boston, 28. (1.) 1642. + </div> + </div> + <p> + The note inclosed follows on y<sup>e</sup> other side.<a + name="FNanchor_EI_139" id="FNanchor_EI_139"></a><a href="#Footnote_EI_139" + class="fnanchor">[EI]</a> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + [244] Worthy & beloved S<sup>r</sup>: + </p> + <p> + Your letter (with y<sup>e</sup> questions inclosed) I have comunicated + with our Assistants, and we have refered y<sup>e</sup> answer of them to + such Revē<sup>d</sup> Elders as are amongst us, some of whose + answers thertoo we have here sent you inclosed, under their owne hands; + from y<sup>e</sup> rest we have not yet received any. Our farr distance + hath bene y<sup>e</sup> reason of this long delay, as also y<sup>t</sup> + they could not conferr their counsells togeather. + </p> + <p> + For our selves, (you know our breedings & abillities,) we rather + desire light from your selves, & others, whom God hath better + inabled, then to presume to give our judgments in cases so difficulte + and of so high a nature. Yet under correction, and submission to better + judgments, we propose this one thing to your prudent considerations. As + it seems to us, in y<sup>e</sup> case even of willfull murder, that + though a man did smite or wound an other, with a full pourpose or desire + to kill him, (w<sup>ch</sup> is murder in a high degree, before God,) + yet if he <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_463" id="Page_463">[463]</a></span>did + not dye, the magistrate was not to take away y<sup>e</sup> others life.<a + name="FNanchor_EJ_140" id="FNanchor_EJ_140"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EJ_140" class="fnanchor">[EJ]</a> So by proportion in + other grosse & foule sines, though high attempts & nere + approaches to y<sup>e</sup> same be made, and such as in the sight & + account of God may be as ill as y<sup>e</sup> accomplishmente of y<sup>e</sup> + foulest acts of y<sup>t</sup> sine, yet we doute whether it may be safe + for y<sup>e</sup> magistrate to proceed to death; we thinke, upon y<sup>e</sup> + former grounds, rather he may not. As, for instance, in y<sup>e</sup> + case of adultrie, (if it be admitted y<sup>t</sup> it is to be punished + w<sup>th</sup> death, which to some of us is not cleare,) if y<sup>e</sup> + body be not actually defiled, then death is not to be inflicted. So in + sodomie, & beastialitie, if ther be not penetration. Yet we confess + foulnes of circomstances, and frequencie in y<sup>e</sup> same, doth + make us remaine in y<sup>e</sup> darke, and desire further light from + you, or any, as God shall give. + </p> + <p> + As for y<sup>e</sup> 2. thing, concerning y<sup>e</sup> Ilanders? we + have no conversing with them, nor desire to have, furder then necessitie + or humanity may require. + </p> + <p> + And as for trade? we have as farr as we could ever therin held an + orderly course, & have been sory to see y<sup>e</sup> spoyle therof + by others, and fear it will hardly be recovered. But in these, or any + other things which may concerne y<sup>e</sup> com̅one good, we + shall be willing to advise & concure with you in what we may. Thus w<sup>th</sup> + my love remembered to your selfe, and y<sup>e</sup> rest of our worthy + friends, your Assistants, I take leave, & rest, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + Your loving friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">W. B.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Plim: 17. 3. month, 1642. + </div> + </div> + <p> + Now follows y<sup>e</sup> ministers answers. And first Mr. Reynors.<span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_464" id="Page_464">[464]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Qest: What sodmiticall acts are to be punished with death, & what + very facte (ipso facto) is worthy of death, or, if y<sup>e</sup> fact it + selfe be not capitall, what circomstances concurring may make it + capitall? + </p> + <p> + Ans: In y<sup>e</sup> judiciall law (y<sup>e</sup> moralitie wherof + concerneth us) it is manyfest y<sup>t</sup> carnall knowledg of man, or + lying w<sup>th</sup> man, as with woman, cum penetratione corporis, was + sodomie, to be punished with death; what els can be understood by Levit: + 18. 22. & 20. 13. & Gen: 19. 5? 2<sup>ly</sup>. It seems allso y<sup>t</sup> + this foule sine might be capitall, though ther was not penitratio + corporis, but only contactus & fricatio usq̃ ad effusionem + seminis, for these reasons: [245] 1. Because it was sin to be punished + with death, Levit. 20. 13. in y<sup>e</sup> man who was lyen withall, as + well as in him y<sup>t</sup> lyeth with him; now his sin is not + mitigated wher ther is not penitration, nor augmented wher it is; wheras + its charged upon y<sup>e</sup> women, y<sup>t</sup> they were guilty of + this unnaturall sine, as well as men, Rom. 1. 26. 27. Y<sup>e</sup> same + thing doth furder apeare, 2. because of y<sup>t</sup> proportion + betwexte this sin & beastialitie, wherin if a woman did stand + before, or aproach to, a beast, for y<sup>t</sup> end, to lye downe + therto, (whether penetration was or not,) it was capitall, Levit: 18. + 23. & 20. 16. 3<sup>ly</sup>. Because something els might be + equivalent to penetration wher it had not been, viz. y<sup>e</sup> fore + mentioned acts with frequencie and long continuance with a high hand, + utterly extinguishing all light of nature; besids, full intention and + bould attempting of y<sup>e</sup> foulest acts may seeme to have been + capitall here, as well as coming presumptuously to slay with guile was + capitall. Exod: 21. 14. + </p> + <p> + Yet it is not so manyfest y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> same acts were to + be punished with death in some other sines of uncleannes, w<sup>ch</sup> + yet by y<sup>e</sup> law of God were capitall crimes; besids other + reasons, (1.) because sodomie, & also beastialitie, is more against + y<sup>e</sup> light of nature then some other capitall crimes of + unclainnes, which reason is to be attended unto, as y<sup>t</sup> which + most of all <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_465" id="Page_465">[465]</a></span>made + this sin capitall; (2.) because it might be com̅ited with more + secrecie & less suspition, & therfore needed y<sup>e</sup> more + to be restrained & suppresed by y<sup>e</sup> law; (3<sup>ly</sup>) + because ther was not y<sup>e</sup> like reason & degree of sin̅ing + against family & posteritie in this sin as in some other capitall + sines of uncleannes. + </p> + <p> + 2. Quest: How farr a magistrate may extracte a confession from a + delinquente, to acuse him selfe of a capitall crime, seeing Nemo tenetur + prodere seipsum. + </p> + <p> + Ans: A majestrate cannot without sin neglecte diligente inquision into y<sup>e</sup> + cause brought before him. Job 29. 16. Pro: 24. 11. 12. & 25. 2. (2<sup>ly</sup>.) + If it be manifest y<sup>t</sup> a capitall crime is committed, & y<sup>t</sup> + comone reporte, or probabilitie, suspition, or some complainte, (or y<sup>e</sup> + like,) be of this or y<sup>t</sup> person, a magistrate ought to + require, and by all due means to procure from y<sup>e</sup> person (so + farr allready bewrayed) a naked confession of y<sup>e</sup> fact, as + apears by y<sup>t</sup> which is morall & of perpetuall equitie, + both in y<sup>e</sup> case of uncertaine murder, Deut: 21. 1. 9. and + slander, Deut: 22. 13. 21; for though nemo tenetur prodere seipsum, yet + by that w<sup>ch</sup> may be known to y<sup>e</sup> magistrat by y<sup>e</sup> + forenamed means, he is bound thus to doe, or els he may betray his + countrie & people to y<sup>e</sup> heavie displeasure of God, Levit: + 18. 24. 25. Jos: 22. 18. Psa: 106. 30; such as are in̅ocente to y<sup>e</sup> + sinfull, base, cruell lusts of y<sup>e</sup> profane, & such as are + delinquents, and others with them, into y<sup>e</sup> hands of y<sup>e</sup> + stronger temptations, & more bouldness, & hardnes of harte, to + com̅ite more & worse villany, besids all y<sup>e</sup> guilt + & hurt he will bring upon him selfe. (3<sup>ly</sup>.) To inflicte + some punishmente meerly for this reason, to extracte a conffession of a + capitall crime, is contrary to y<sup>e</sup> nature of vindictive + justice, which always hath respecte to a know̅ crime com̅itited + by y<sup>e</sup> person punished; and it will therfore, for any thing + which can before be knowne, be y<sup>e</sup> provocking and forcing of + wrath, compared to y<sup>e</sup> wringing of y<sup>e</sup> nose, Pro: + 30. 33. which is as well forbiden y<sup>e</sup> fathers of y<sup>e</sup> + countrie as <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_466" id="Page_466">[466]</a></span>of + y<sup>e</sup> family, Ephe. 6. 4. as produsing many sad & dangerous + effects. That an oath (ex officio) for such a purpose is no due means, + hath been abundantly proved by y<sup>e</sup> godly learned, & is + well known. + </p> + <p> + Q. 3. In what cases of capitall crimes one witnes with other + circomstances shall be sufficiente to convince? or is ther no conviction + without 2. witneses? + </p> + <p> + Ans: In taking away y<sup>e</sup> life of man, one witnes alone will not + suffice, ther must be tow, or y<sup>t</sup> which is instar; y<sup>e</sup> + texts are manifest, Numb: 35. 30. Deut: 17. 6. & 19. 15. 2<sup>ly</sup>. + Ther may be conviction by one witnes, & some thing y<sup>t</sup> + hath y<sup>e</sup> force of another, as y<sup>e</sup> evidencie of y<sup>e</sup> + fact done by such an one, & not an other; unforced confession when + ther was no fear or danger of suffering for y<sup>e</sup> fact, hand + writings acknowledged & confessed. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">John Reynor.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + [246] <i>M<sup>r</sup>. Partrich his writing, in ans: to y<sup>e</sup> + questions.</i> + </p> + <p> + What is y<sup>t</sup> sodomiticall acte which is to be punished with + death? + </p> + <p> + Though I conceive probable y<sup>t</sup> a voluntary effusion of seed + per modum concubitus of man with man, as of a man with woman, though in + concubitu ther be not penetratio corporis, is y<sup>t</sup> sin which is + forbiden, Levit: 18. 22. & adjudged to be punished with death, + Levit: 20. 13. because, though ther be not penetratio corporis, yet ther + may be similitudo concubitus muliebris, which is y<sup>t</sup> the law + specifieth; yet I dar not be con-<a name="FNanchor_EK_141" + id="FNanchor_EK_141"></a><a href="#Footnote_EK_141" class="fnanchor">[EK]</a> + (1.) because, Gen: 19. 5. y<sup>e</sup> intended acte of y<sup>e</sup> + Sodomits (who were y<sup>e</sup> first noted maisters of this unnaturall + act of more then brutish filthines) is expressed by carnall copulation + of man with woman: Bring them out unto us, y<sup>t</sup> we may know + them; (2<sup>ly</sup>.) because it is observed among y<sup>e</sup> + nations wher this unnaturall unclainnes is com̅ited, it is w<sup>th</sup> + penetration of y<sup>e</sup> body; (3<sup>ly</sup>.) because, in y<sup>e</sup> + judiciall proceedings <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_467" + id="Page_467">[467]</a></span>of y<sup>e</sup> judges in England, y<sup>e</sup> + indict: so rune (as I have been informed). + </p> + <p> + Q. How farr may a magistrat extracte a confession of a capitall crime + from a suspected and an accused person? + </p> + <p> + Ans. I conceive y<sup>t</sup> a magistrate is bound, by carfull + examenation of circomstances & waighing of probabilities, to sifte y<sup>e</sup> + accused, and by force of argumente to draw him to an acknowledgment of y<sup>e</sup> + truth; but he may not extracte a confession of a capitall crime from a + suspected person by any violent means, whether it be by an oath imposed, + or by any punishmente inflicted or threatened to be inflicted, for so he + may draw forth an acknowledgmente of a crime from a fearfull in̅ocente; + if guilty, he shall be compelled to be his owne accuser, when no other + can, which is against y<sup>e</sup> rule of justice. + </p> + <p> + Q. In what cases of capitall crimes one witnes with other circomstances + shall be sufficente to convicte; or is ther no conviction without two + witnesses? + </p> + <p> + Ans: I conceive y<sup>t</sup>, in y<sup>e</sup> case of capitall crimes, + ther can be no safe proceedings unto judgmente without too witnesses, as + Numb: 35. 30. Deut: 19. 15. excepte ther can some evidence be prodused + as aveilable & firme to prove y<sup>e</sup> facte as a witnes is, + then one witnes may suffice; for therin y<sup>e</sup> end and equitie of + y<sup>e</sup> law is attained. But to proceede unto sentence of death + upon presumptions, wher probably ther may subesse falsum, though ther be + y<sup>e</sup> testimony of one wittnes, I supose it cannot be a safe + way; better for such a one to be held in safe custodie for further + triall, I conceive. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Ralph Partrich.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>The Answer of M<sup>r</sup>. Charles Chancy.</i> + </p> + <p> + An contactus et fricatio usq̃ ad seminis effusiōnem sine + penetratione corporis sit sodomia morte plectenda? + </p> + <p> + Q. The question is what sodomiticall acts are to be punished <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_468" id="Page_468">[468]</a></span>w<sup>th</sup> + death, & what very facte committed, (ipso facto,) is worthy of + death, or if y<sup>e</sup> facte it selfe be not capitall, what + circomstances concuring may make it capitall. The same question may be + asked of rape, inceste, beastialitie, unnaturall sins, presumtuous sins. + These be y<sup>e</sup> words of y<sup>e</sup> first question. + </p> + <p> + Ans: The answer unto this I will lay downe (as God shall directe by his + word & spirite) in these following conclusions: (1.) That y<sup>e</sup> + judicials of Moyses, that are appendances to y<sup>e</sup> morall law, + & grounded on y<sup>e</sup> law of nature, or y<sup>e</sup> + decalogue, are im̅utable, and ppetuall, w<sup>ch</sup> all orthodox + devines acknowledge; see y<sup>e</sup> authors following. Luther, Tom. + 1. Whitenberge: fol. 435. & fol. 7. Melanethon, in loc: com loco de + conjugio. Calvin, 1. 4. Institu. c. 4. sect. 15. Junious de politia + Moysis, thes. 29. & 30. Hen: Bulin: Decad. 3. sermo. 8. Wolf: Muscu. + loc: com: in 6. precepti explicaci: Bucer de regno Christi, 1. 2. c. 17. + Theo: Beza, vol: 1. de hereti: puniendis, fol. 154. Zanch: in 3. præcept: + Ursin: Pt. 4. explicat. contra John. Piscat: in Aphorismi Loc. de lege + dei aphorism. 17. And more might be added. I forbear, for brevities + sake, to set downe their very words; this being y<sup>e</sup> constante + & generall oppinion of y<sup>e</sup> best devines, I will rest in + this as undoubtedly true, though much more might be said to confirme it. + </p> + <p> + 2. That all y<sup>e</sup> sin̅es mentioned in y<sup>e</sup> + question were punished with death by y<sup>e</sup> judiciall law of + Moyses, as adultry, Levit: 20. 10. Deut: 22. 22. Esech: 16. 38. Jhon. 8. + 5. which is to be understood not only of double adultrie, when as both + parties are maried, (as some conceive,) but whosoever (besids her + husband) lyes with a married woman, whether y<sup>e</sup> man be maried + or not, as in y<sup>e</sup> place, Deut: 22. 22. or whosoever, being a + maried man, lyeth with another woman (besids his wife), as P. Martire + saith, loc: com: which in diverce respects maks y<sup>e</sup> sine worse + on y<sup>e</sup> maried <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_469" + id="Page_469">[469]</a></span>mans parte; for y<sup>e</sup> Lord in this + law hath respect as well to publick honesty, (the sin being so + prejudicall to y<sup>e</sup> church & state,) as y<sup>e</sup> + private wrongs (saith Junious). So incest is to be punished with death, + Levit: 20. 11. 22. Beastiality likwise, Lev: 20. 15. Exod: 22. 19. Raps + in like maner, Deut: 22. 25. Sodomie in like sort, Levit: 18. 22. & + 20. 13. And all presumptuous sins, Numb: 15. 30. 31. + </p> + <p> + 3. That y<sup>e</sup> punishmente of these foule sines w<sup>th</sup> + death is grounded on y<sup>e</sup> law of nature, & is agreeable to + the morall law. (1.) Because y<sup>e</sup> reasons an̅exed shew + them to be perpetuall. Deut. 22. 22. So shalt thou put away evill. + Incest, beastiality, are caled confusion, & wickednes. (2.) Infamie + to y<sup>e</sup> whole humane nature, Levit: 22. 12. Levit: 18. 23. Raps + are as murder, Deut: 22. 25. Sodomie is an abomination, Levit: 22. 22. + [247] No holier & juster laws can be devised by any man or angele + then have been by y<sup>e</sup> Judg of all y<sup>e</sup> world, the + wisdome of y<sup>e</sup> Father, by whom kings doe raigne, &c. (3.) + Because, before y<sup>e</sup> giving of y<sup>e</sup> Law, this + punishmente was anciently practised, Gen: 26. 11. 38. 29. 39. 20. & + even by the heathen, by y<sup>e</sup> very light of nature, as P. + Martire shews. (4<sup>ly</sup>.) Because y<sup>e</sup> land is defiled + by such sins, and spews out y<sup>e</sup> inhabitants, Levit: 18. 24, + 25. & that in regard of those nations y<sup>t</sup> were not + acquainted w<sup>th</sup> the law of Moyses. 5. All y<sup>e</sup> devins + above specified consent in this, that y<sup>e</sup> unclean acts + punishable with death by y<sup>e</sup> law of God are not only y<sup>e</sup> + grose acts of uncleannes by way of carnall copulation, but all y<sup>e</sup> + evidente attempts therof, which may appeare by those severall words y<sup>t</sup> + are used by y<sup>e</sup> spirite of God, expressing y<sup>e</sup> sins + to be punished with death; as y<sup>e</sup> discovering of nakednes, + Levit: 18. 20. which is retegere pudenda, as parts p<sup>r</sup> + euphemismum (saith Junius), or detegere ad cubandum (saith Willett), to + uncover y<sup>e</sup> shamefull parts of y<sup>e</sup> body (saith + Ainsworth), which, though it reaches to y<sup>e</sup> grose acts, yet it + is plaine it <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_470" id="Page_470">[470]</a></span>doth + comprehend ye other foregoing immodest attempts, as contactum, + fricationem, &c.; likwise ye phrase of lying with, so often used, + doth not only signifie carnall copulation, but other obscene acts, p<sup>r</sup>ceding + y<sup>e</sup> same, is implyed in Pauls word [Greek: arsenokoitai], 1. + Cor: 6. 9. & men lying with men, 1. Tim: 1. 9. men defiling them + selves w<sup>th</sup> mankind, men burning with lust towards men, Rom: + 1. 26. & Levit: 18.<a name="FNanchor_EL_142" id="FNanchor_EL_142"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EL_142" class="fnanchor">[EL]</a> 22. sodom & sin + going after strange flesh, Jud: v. 7. 8. and lying with mankind as with + a woman, Levit: 18. 22. Abulentis says y<sup>t</sup> it signifies omnes + modos quibus masculus masculo abutatur, changing y<sup>e</sup> naturall + use into y<sup>t</sup> which is against nature, Rom: 1. 26. arrogare + sibi cubare, as Junius well translats Levit: 20. 15. to give consente to + lye withall, so approaching to a beast, & lying downe therto, Levit: + 20. 16. ob solum conatú<a name="FNanchor_EM_143" + id="FNanchor_EM_143"></a><a href="#Footnote_EM_143" class="fnanchor">[EM]</a> + (saith Willett) or for going about to doe it. Add to this a notable + speech of Zepperus de legibus (who hath enough to end controversies of + this nature). L. 1. he saith: In crimine adulterii voluntas + (understanding manifeste) sine effectu subsecuto de jure attenditur; and + he proves it out of good laws, in these words: Solicitatores<a + name="FNanchor_EN_144" id="FNanchor_EN_144"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EN_144" class="fnanchor">[EN]</a> alien̅um nuptiām + itemq̃ matrimonīum interpellatores, etsi effectu sceleris + potiri non possunt, propter voluntatem tamen perniciosæ libidinis + extra ordinem puniuntur; nam generale est quidem affectū sine + effectu [non] puniri, sed contrarium observatur in atrocioribus & + horum similibus. + </p> + <p> + 5. In concluding punishments from y<sup>e</sup> judiciall law of Moyses + y<sup>t</sup> is perpetuall, we must often p<sup>r</sup>ceed by + analogicall proportion & interpretation, as a paribus similibus, + minore ad majus, &c.; for ther will still fall out some cases, in + every com̅one-wealth, which are not in so many words extante in + holy write, yet y<sup>e</sup> substance of y<sup>e</sup> matter in every + kind (I conceive under correction) may be drawne and concluded out of y<sup>e</sup> + scripture by good consequence of an equevalent <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_471" id="Page_471">[471]</a></span>nature; as, for example, + ther is no express law against destroying conception in y<sup>e</sup> + wombe by potions, yet by anologie with Exod: 21. 22, 23. we may reason y<sup>t</sup> + life is to be given for life. Againe, y<sup>e</sup> question, An + contactus & fricatio, &c., and methinks y<sup>t</sup> place Gen: + 38. 9. in y<sup>e</sup> punishmente of Onans sin, may give some cleare + light to it; it was (saith Pareus) beluina crudelitas quam Deus pari + loco cum parricidio habuit, nam semen corrumpere, quid fuit aliud quam + hominem ex semine generandum occidere? Propterea juste a Deo occisus + est. Observe his words. And againe, Discamus quantopere Deus abominetur + omnem seminis genitalis abusum, illicitā effusionem, & + corruptionē, &c., very pertinente to this case. That allso is + considerable, Deut: 25. 11, 12. God comanded y<sup>t</sup>, if any wife + drue nigh to deliver her husband out of y<sup>e</sup> hand of him y<sup>t</sup> + smiteth him, &c., her hand should be cutt off. Yet such a woman in y<sup>t</sup> + case might say much for her selfe, y<sup>t</sup> what she did was in + trouble & perplexitie of her minde, & in her husbands defence; + yet her hand must be cutt of for such impuritie (and this is morall, as + I conceive). Then we may reason from y<sup>e</sup> less to y<sup>e</sup> + greater, what greevous sin in y<sup>e</sup> sight of God it is, by y<sup>e</sup> + instigation of burning lusts, set on fire of hell, to proceede to + contactum & fricationem ad emissionem seminis, &c., & y<sup>t</sup> + contra naturam, or to attempte y<sup>e</sup> grosse acts of unnaturall + filthines. Againe, if y<sup>t</sup> unnaturall lusts of men with men, or + woman with woman, or either with beasts, be to be punished with death, + then a pari naturall lusts of men towards children under age are so to + be punished. + </p> + <p> + 6. Circumstantiæ variant vis e actiunes, (saith y<sup>e</sup> + lawiers,) & circomstances in these cases cannot possibly be all reckēd + up; but God hath given laws for those causes & cases that are of + greatest momente, by which others are to be judged of, as in y<sup>e</sup> + differance betwixte chanc medley, & willfull murder; so in y<sup>e</sup> + sins of uncleannes, it is one thing to doe <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_472" id="Page_472">[472]</a></span>an acte of uncleannes by + sudden temptation, & another to lye in waite for it, yea, to make a + com̅une practise of it; this mightily augments & multiplies y<sup>e</sup> + sin. Againe, some sin̅es of this nature are simple, others + compound, as y<sup>t</sup> is simple adultrie, or inceste, or simple + sodomie; but when ther is a mixture of diverce kinds of lust, as when + adultery & sodomie & p̲<sup>r</sup>ditio seminis goe + togeather in y<sup>e</sup> same acte of uncleannes, this is capitall, + double, & trible. Againe, when adultrie or sodomie is com̅ited + by p̲fessors or church members, I fear it coms too near y<sup>e</sup> + sine of y<sup>e</sup> preists daughters, forbidden, & comanded to be + punished, Levit: 21. 9. besids y<sup>e</sup> presumption of y<sup>e</sup> + sin̅es of such. Againe, when uncleannes is comited with those whose + chastity they are bound to pʾserve, this coms very nere the + incestious copulation, I feare; but I must hasten to y<sup>e</sup> other + questions. + </p> + <p> + [248] 2. Question y<sup>e</sup> second, upon y<sup>e</sup> pointe of + examination, how farr a magistrate may extracte a confession from a + delinquente to accuse him selfe in a capitall crime, seeing Nemo tenetur + prodere seipsum. + </p> + <p> + Ans: The words of y<sup>e</sup> question may be understood of extracting + a confession from a delinquente either by oath or bodily tormente. If it + be mente of extracting by requiring an oath, (ex officio, as some call + it,) & that in capitall crimes, I fear it is not safe, nor warented + by Gods word, to extracte a confession from a delinquente by an oath in + matters of life and death. (1.) Because y<sup>e</sup> practise in y<sup>e</sup> + Scripturs is other wise, as in y<sup>e</sup> case of Achan, Jos: 7. 19. + Give, I pray y<sup>e</sup>, glorie to y<sup>e</sup> Lord God of Israll, + and make a confession to him, & tell me how thou hast done. He did + not compell him to sweare. So when as Johnathans life was indangered, 1. + Sam. 14. 43. Saule said unto Johnathan, Tell me what thou hast done; he + did not require an oath. And notable is y<sup>t</sup>, Jer: 38. 14. + Jeremiah was charged by Zedechias, who said, I will aske the a thing, + hide it not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_473" id="Page_473">[473]</a></span>from + me; & Jeremiah said, If I declare it unto y<sup>e</sup>, wilt thou + not surely put me to death? impling y<sup>t</sup>, in case of death, he + would have refused to answer him. (2.) Reason shews it, & + experience; Job: 2. 4. Skin for skin, &c. It is to be feared y<sup>t</sup> + those words (whatsoever a man hath) will comprehend also y<sup>e</sup> + conscience of an oath, and y<sup>e</sup> fear of God, and all care of + religion; therfore for laying a snare before y<sup>e</sup> guiltie, I + think it ought not to be donn. But now, if y<sup>e</sup> question be + mente of inflicting bodyly torments to extracte a confession from a + mallefactor, I conceive y<sup>t</sup> in maters of higest consequence, + such as doe conceirne y<sup>e</sup> saftie or ruine of stats or + countries, magistrats may proceede so farr to bodily torments, as racks, + hote-irons, &c., to extracte a conffession, espetially wher + presumptions are strounge; but otherwise by no means. God sometims hids + a sinner till his wickednes is filled up. + </p> + <p> + Question 3. In what cases of capitall crimes, one witnes with other + circumstances shall be sufficente to convicte, or is ther no conviction + without 2. witneses? + </p> + <p> + Deut: 19. 25. God hath given an express rule y<sup>t</sup> in no case + one witness shall arise in judgmente, espetially not in capitall cases. + God would not put our lives into y<sup>e</sup> power of any one toungue. + Besids, by y<sup>e</sup> examination of more wittneses agreeing or + disagreeing, any falshood ordenarilly may be discovered; but this is to + be understood of one witnes of another; but if a man witnes against him + selfe, his owne testimony is sufficente, as in y<sup>e</sup> case of y<sup>e</sup> + Amalakite, 2. Sam: 1. 16. Againe, when ther are sure & certaine + signes & evidences by circumstances, ther needs no witnes in this + case, as in y<sup>e</sup> bussines of Adoniah desiring Abishage y<sup>e</sup> + Shunamite to wife, that therby he might make way for him selfe unto y<sup>e</sup> + kingdome, 1. King: 2. 23, 24. Againe, probably by many concurring + circumstances, if probability may have y<sup>e</sup> strength of a + witnes, somthing may be this <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_474" + id="Page_474">[474]</a></span>way gathered, me thinks, from Sallomons + judging betweexte y<sup>e</sup> true mother, and y<sup>e</sup> harlote, + 1. King. 3. 25. Lastly, I see no cause why in waighty matters, in + defecte of witneses & other proofes, we may not have recourse to a + lott, as in y<sup>e</sup> case of Achan, Josu: 7. 16. which is a clearer + way in such doubtfull cases (it being solemnely & religiously + performed) then any other that I know, if it be made y<sup>e</sup> last + refuge. But all this under correction. + </p> + <p> + The Lord in mercie directe & prosper y<sup>e</sup> desires of his + servants that desire to walk before him in truth & righteousnes in + the administration of justice, and give them wisdome and largnes of + harte. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Charles Channcy.</span> + </div> + </div> + <p> + Besids y<sup>e</sup> occation before mentioned in these writings + concerning the abuse of those 2. children, they had aboute y<sup>e</sup> + same time a case of buggerie fell out amongst them, which occasioned these + questions, to which these answers have been made. + </p> + <p> + And after y<sup>e</sup> time of y<sup>e</sup> writīg of these things + befell a very sadd accidente of the like foule nature in this govermente, + this very year, which I shall now relate. Ther was a youth whose name was + Thomas Granger; he was servant to an honest man of Duxbery, being aboute + 16. or 17. years of age. (His father & mother lived at the same time + at Sityate.) He was this year detected of buggery (and indicted for y<sup>e</sup> + same) with a mare, a cowe, tow goats, five sheep, 2. calves, and a turkey. + Horrible [249] it is to mention, but y<sup>e</sup> truth of y<sup>e</sup> + historie requires it. He was first discovered by one y<sup>t</sup> + accidentally <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_475" id="Page_475">[475]</a></span>saw + his lewd practise towards the mare. (I forbear perticulers.) Being upon it + examined and com̅itted, in y<sup>e</sup> end he not only confest y<sup>e</sup> + fact with that beast at that time, but sundrie times before, and at + severall times with all y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> forenamed in + his indictmente; and this his free-confession was not only in private to y<sup>e</sup> + magistrats, (though at first he strived to deney it,) but to sundrie, both + ministers & others, and afterwards, upon his indictmente, to y<sup>e</sup> + whole court & jury; and confirmed it at his execution. And wheras some + of y<sup>e</sup> sheep could not so well be knowne by his description of + them, others with them were brought before him, and he declared which were + they, and which were not. And accordingly he was cast by y<sup>e</sup> + jury, and condemned, and after executed about y<sup>e</sup> 8. of Sept<sup>r</sup>, + 1642. A very sade spectakle it was; for first the mare, and then y<sup>e</sup> + cowe, and y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> lesser catle, were kild + before his face, according to y<sup>e</sup> law, Levit: 20. 15. and then + he him selfe was executed. The catle were all cast into a great & + large pitte that was digged of purposs for them, and no use made of any + part of them. + </p> + <p> + Upon y<sup>e</sup> examenation of this person, and also of a former that + had made some sodomiticall attempts upon another, it being demanded of + them how they came first to y<sup>e</sup> knowledge and practice of such + wickednes, the one confessed he had long used it in old England; and this + youth last spoaken of said he was taught it <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_476" id="Page_476">[476]</a></span>by an other that had heard + of such things from some in England when he was ther, and they kept catle + togeather. By which it appears how one wicked person may infecte many; and + what care all ought to have what servants they bring into their families. + </p> + <p> + But it may be demanded how came it to pass that so many wicked persons and + profane people should so quickly come over into this land, & mixe them + selves amongst them? seeing it was religious men y<sup>t</sup> begane y<sup>e</sup> + work, and they came for religions sake. I confess this may be marveilled + at, at least in time to come, when the reasons therof should not be + knowne; and y<sup>e</sup> more because here was so many hardships and + wants mett withall. I shall therfore indeavor to give some answer + hereunto. And first, according to y<sup>t</sup> in y<sup>e</sup> gospell, + it is ever to be remembred that wher y<sup>e</sup> Lord begins to sow good + seed, ther y<sup>e</sup> envious man will endeavore to sow tares. 2. Men + being to come over into a wildernes, in which much labour & servise + was to be done aboute building & planting, &c., such as wanted + help in y<sup>t</sup> respecte, when they could not have such as y<sup>ey</sup> + would, were glad to take such as they could; and so, many untoward + servants, sundry of them proved, that were thus brought over, both men + & women kind: who, when their times were expired, became families of + them selves, which gave increase hereunto. 3. An other and a maine reason + hearof was, that men, finding <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_477" + id="Page_477">[477]</a></span>so many godly disposed persons willing to + come into these parts, some begane to make a trade of it, to transeport + passengers & their goods, and hired ships for that end; and then, to + make up their fraight and advance their profite, cared not who y<sup>e</sup> + persons were, so they had money to pay them. And by this means the cuntrie + became pestered with many unworthy persons, who, being come over, crept + into one place or other. 4. Againe, the Lords blesing usually following + his people, as well in outward as spirituall things, (though afflictions + be mixed withall,) doe make many to adhear to y<sup>e</sup> people of God, + as many followed Christ, for y<sup>e</sup> loaves sake, John 6. 26. and a + mixed multitud came into y<sup>e</sup> willdernes with y<sup>e</sup> + people of God out of Eagipte of old, Exod. 12. 38; so allso ther were + sente by their freinds some under hope y<sup>t</sup> they would be made + better; others that they might be eased of such burthens, and they kept + from shame at home y<sup>t</sup> would necessarily follow their dissolute + courses. And thus, by one means or other, in 20. years time, it is a + question whether y<sup>e</sup> greater part be not growne y<sup>e</sup> + worser. + </p> + <p> + [250] I am now come to y<sup>e</sup> conclusion of that long & tedious + bussines betweene y<sup>e</sup> partners hear, & them in England, the + which I shall manifest by their owne letters as followeth, in such parts + of them as are pertinente to y<sup>e</sup> same.<span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_478" id="Page_478">[478]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys to M<sup>r</sup>. Attwood.</i> + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Attwood, my approved loving friend: Your letter of y<sup>e</sup> + 18. of October last I have received, wherin I find you have taken a + great deall of paines and care aboute y<sup>t</sup> troublesome bussines + betwixte our Plimoth partners & freinds, & us hear, and have + deeply ingaged your selfe, for which complements & words are no + reall satisfaction, &c. For y<sup>e</sup> agreemente you have made + with M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford, M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, & y<sup>e</sup> + rest of y<sup>e</sup> partners ther, considering how honestly and justly + I am perswaded they have brought in an accounte of y<sup>e</sup> + remaining stock, for my owne parte I am well satisfied, and so I thinke + is M<sup>r</sup>. Andrewes, and I supose will be M<sup>r</sup>. + Beachampe, if most of it might acrew to him, to whom y<sup>e</sup> least + is due, &c. And now for peace sake, and to conclud as we began, + lovingly and freindly, and to pass by all failings of all, the conclude + is accepted of; I say this agreemente y<sup>t</sup> you have made is + condesended unto, and M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews hath sent his release to M<sup>r</sup>. + Winthrop, with such directions as he conceives fitt; and I have made + bould to trouble you with mine, and we have both sealed in y<sup>e</sup> + presence of M<sup>r</sup>. Weld, and M<sup>r</sup>. Peeters, and some + others, and I have also sente you an other, for the partners ther, to + seale to me; for you must not deliver mine to them, excepte they seale + & deliver one to me; this is fitt and equall, &c. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Yours to com̅and in what I may or can, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + June 14. 1642. + </div> + </div> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + <i>His to y<sup>e</sup> partners as followeth.</i> + </p> + <p> + Loving freinds, + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford, M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, M<sup>r</sup>. Prence, + Captaine Standish, M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster, M<sup>r</sup>. Alden, & + M<sup>r</sup>. Howland, give me leave to joyne you all in one letter, + concerning y<sup>e</sup> finall end <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_479" id="Page_479">[479]</a></span>& conclude of y<sup>t</sup> + tedious & troublsome bussines, & I thinke I may truly say + uncomfurtable & unprofitable to all, &c. It hath pleased God now + to put us upon a way to sease all suits, and disquieting of our + spirites, and to conclude with peace and love, as we began. I am + contented to yeeld & make good what M<sup>r</sup>. Attwood and you + have agreed upon; and for y<sup>t</sup> end have sente to my loving + friend, M<sup>r</sup>. Attwood, an absolute and generall release unto + you all, and if ther wante any thing to make it more full, write it your + selves, & it shall be done, provided y<sup>t</sup> all you, either + joyntly or severally, seale y<sup>e</sup> like discharge to me. And for + y<sup>t</sup> end I have drawne one joyntly, and sent it to M<sup>r</sup>. + Attwood, with y<sup>t</sup> I have sealed to you. Mr. Andrews hath + sealed an aquitance also, & sent it to M<sup>r</sup>. Winthrop, + whith such directions as he conceived fitt, and, as I hear, hath given + his debte, which he maks 544<sup>li</sup>. unto y<sup>e</sup> gentlemen + of y<sup>e</sup> Bay. Indeed, M<sup>r</sup>. Welld, M<sup>r</sup>. + Peters, & M<sup>r</sup>. Hibbens have taken a great deale of paines + with M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, & my selfe, to + bring us to agree, and to y<sup>t</sup> end we have had many meetings + and spent much time aboute it. But as they are very religious & + honest gentle-men, yet they had an end y<sup>t</sup> they drove at & + laboured to accomplish (I meane not any private end, but for y<sup>e</sup> + generall good of their patente). It had been very well you had sent one + over. M<sup>r</sup>. Andrew wished you might have one 3. parte of y<sup>e</sup> + 1200<sup>li</sup>. & the Bay 2. thirds; but then we 3. must have + agreed togeather, which were a hard mater now. But M<sup>r</sup>. Weld, + M<sup>r</sup>. Peters, & M<sup>r</sup>. Hibbens, & I, have + agreed, they giving you bond (so to compose with M<sup>r</sup>. + Beachamp, as) to procure his generall release, & free you from all + trouble & charge y<sup>t</sup> he may put you too; which indeed is + nothing, for I am perswaded M<sup>r</sup>. Weld will in time gaine him + to give them all that is dew to [251] him, which in some sorte is + granted allready; for though his demands be great, yet M<sup>r</sup>. + Andrewes hath taken some paines in it, and makes it appear to be less + then I thinke he will consente to give them for so good an <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_480" id="Page_480">[480]</a></span>use; so + you neede not fear, that for taking bond ther to save you harmles, you + be safe and well. Now our accord is, y<sup>t</sup> you must pay to y<sup>e</sup> + gentle-men of y<sup>e</sup> Bay 900<sup>li</sup>.; they are to bear all + chargs y<sup>t</sup> may any way arise concerning y<sup>e</sup> free + & absolute clearing of you from us three. And you to have y<sup>e</sup> + other 300<sup>li</sup>. &c. + </p> + <p> + Upon y<sup>e</sup> receiving of my release from you, I will send you + your bonds for y<sup>e</sup> purchass money. I would have sent them now, + but I would have M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp release as well as I, because + you are bound to him in them. Now I know if a man be bound to 12. men, + if one release, it is as if all released, and my discharge doth cutt + them of; wherfore doubte you not but you shall have them, & your + commission, or any thing els that is fitt. Now you know ther is tow + years of y<sup>e</sup> purchass money, that I would not owne, for I have + formerley certified you y<sup>t</sup> would but pay 7. years; but now + you are discharged of all, &c. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:26em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Your loving and kind friend in what I may or can, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + June 14. 1642. + </div> + </div> + <p> + The coppy of his release is as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + Wheras diverce questions, differences, & demands have arisen & + depended betweene William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, + Mylest Standish, William Brewster, John Allden, and John Howland, gent: + now or latly inhabitants or resident at New-Plimoth, in New-England, on + y<sup>e</sup> one party, and James Sherley of London, marchante, and + others, in th' other parte, for & concerning a stocke & partable + trade of beaver & other comodities, and fraighting of ships, as y<sup>e</sup> + White Angell, Frindship, or others, and y<sup>e</sup> goods of Isaack + Allerton which were seazed upon by vertue of a leter of atturney made by + y<sup>e</sup> said James Sherley and John Beachamp and Richard Andrews, + or any other maters concerning y<sup>e</sup> said <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_481" id="Page_481">[481]</a></span>trade, either hear in + Old-England or ther in New-England or elsewher, all which differences + are since by mediation of freinds composed, compremissed, and all y<sup>e</sup> + said parties agreed. Now know all men by these presents, that I, the + said James Sherley, in performance of y<sup>e</sup> said compremise + & agreemente, have remised, released, and quite claimed, & doe + by these presents remise, release, and for me, myne heires, executors, + & Administrators, and for every of us, for ever quite claime unto y<sup>e</sup> + said William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles Standish, + William Brewster, John Allden, & John Howland, and every of them, + their & every of their heires, executors, and administrators, all + and all maner of actions, suits, debts, accounts, rekonings, comissions, + bonds, bills, specialties, judgments, executions, claimes, challinges, + differences, and demands whatsoever, with or against y<sup>e</sup> said + William Bradford, Edward Winslow, Thomas Prence, Myles Standish, William + Brewster, John Allden, and John Howland, or any of them, ever I had, now + have, or in time to come can, shall, or may have, for any mater, cause, + or thing whatsoever from y<sup>e</sup> begining of y<sup>e</sup> world + untill y<sup>e</sup> day of y<sup>e</sup> date of these presents. In + witnes wherof I have hereunto put my hand & seale, given the second + day of June, 1642, and in y<sup>e</sup> eighteenth year of y<sup>e</sup> + raigne of our soveraigne lord, king Charles, &c. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:20em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Sealed and delivered <br /> in y<sup>e</sup> presence of + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig_multi"> + <span class="smcap">Thomas Weld</span>,<br /> <span class="smcap">Hugh + Peters</span>,<br /> <span class="smcap">William Hibbins</span>.<br /> + <span class="smcap">Arthur Tirrey</span>, Scr.<br /> <span class="smcap">Tho: + Sturgs</span>, his servante. + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews his discharg was to y<sup>e</sup> same effecte; he + was by agreemēte to have 500<sup>li</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> money, + the which <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_482" id="Page_482">[482]</a></span>he + gave to them in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, who brought his discharge and demanded + y<sup>e</sup> money. And they tooke in his release and paid y<sup>e</sup> + money according to agreemēte, viz. one third of the 500<sup>li</sup>. + they paid downe in hand, and y<sup>e</sup> rest in 4. equall payments, to + be paid yearly, for which they gave their bonds. And wheras 44<sup>li</sup>. + was more demanded, they conceived they could take it of with M<sup>r</sup>. + Andrews, and therfore it was not in the bonde. [252] But M<sup>r</sup>. + Beachamp would not parte with any of his, but demanded 400<sup>li</sup>. + of y<sup>e</sup> partners here, & sent a release to a friend, to + deliver it to them upon y<sup>e</sup> receite of y<sup>e</sup> money. But + his relese was not perfecte, for he had left out some of y<sup>e</sup> + partners names, with some other defects; and besids, the other gave them + to understand he had not near so much due. So no end was made with him + till 4. years after; of which in it plase. And in y<sup>t</sup> regard, + that them selves did not agree, I shall inserte some part of M<sup>r</sup>. + Andrews letter, by which he conceives y<sup>e</sup> partners here were + wronged, as followeth. This leter of his was write to M<sup>r</sup>. + Edmond Freeman, brother in law to M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Freeman, + </p> + <p> + My love remembred unto you, &c. I then certified y<sup>e</sup> + partners how I found M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp & M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley, in their perticuler demands, which was according to mens + principles, of getting what they could; allthough y<sup>e</sup> one will + not shew any accounte, and y<sup>e</sup> other a very unfaire and unjust + one; and both of them discouraged me from sending y<sup>e</sup> partners + my accounte, M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp espetially. Their reason, I have + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_483" id="Page_483">[483]</a></span>cause + to conceive, was, y<sup>t</sup> allthough I doe not, nor ever intended + to, wrong y<sup>e</sup> partners or y<sup>e</sup> bussines, yet, if I + gave no accounte, I might be esteemed as guiltie as they, in some degree + at least; and they might seeme to be y<sup>e</sup> more free from + taxation in not delivering their accounts, who have both of them charged + y<sup>e</sup> accounte with much intrest they have payed forth, and one + of them would likwise for much intrest he hath not paid forth, as + appeareth by his accounte, &c. And seeing y<sup>e</sup> partners + have now made it appear y<sup>t</sup> ther is 1200<sup>li</sup>. + remaining due between us all, and that it may appear by my accounte I + have not charged y<sup>e</sup> bussines with any intrest, but doe + forgive it unto y<sup>e</sup> partners, above 200<sup>li</sup>. if M<sup>r</sup>. + Sherley & M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, who have betweene them wronged y<sup>e</sup> + bussines so many 100<sup>li</sup>. both in principall & intrest + likwise, and have therin wronged me as well and as much as any of y<sup>e</sup> + partners; yet if they will not make & deliver faire & true + accounts of y<sup>e</sup> same, nor be contente to take what by + computation is more then can be justly due to either, that is, to M<sup>r</sup>. + Beachamp 150<sup>li</sup>. as by M<sup>r</sup>. Allertons accounte, and + M<sup>r</sup>. Sherleys accounte, on oath in chancerie; and though ther + might be nothing due to M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, yet he requirs 100<sup>li</sup>. + &c. I conceive, seing y<sup>e</sup> partners have delivered on their + oaths y<sup>e</sup> sum̅e remaining in their hands, that they may + justly detaine y<sup>e</sup> 650<sup>li</sup>. which may remaine in + their hands, after I am satisfied, untill M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley & M<sup>r</sup>. + Beachamp will be more fair & just in their ending, &c. And as I + intend, if y<sup>e</sup> partners fayrly end with me, in satisfing in + parte and ingaging them selves for y<sup>e</sup> rest of my said 544<sup>li</sup>. + to returne back for y<sup>e</sup> poore my parte of y<sup>e</sup> land + at Sityate, so likwise I intend to relinquish my right & intrest in + their dear patente, on which much of our money was laid forth, and also + my right & intrest in their cheap purchass, the which may have cost + me first & last 350<sup>li</sup>.<a name="FNanchor_EO_145" + id="FNanchor_EO_145"></a><a href="#Footnote_EO_145" class="fnanchor">[EO]</a> + But I doubte whether other men have not <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_484" id="Page_484">[484]</a></span>charged or taken on + accounte what they have disbursed in y<sup>e</sup> like case, which I + have not charged, neither did I conceive any other durst so doe, untill + I saw y<sup>e</sup> accounte of the one and heard y<sup>e</sup> words of + y<sup>e</sup> other; the which gives me just cause to suspecte both + their accounts to be unfaire; for it seemeth they consulted one with + another aboute some perticulers therin. Therfore I conceive y<sup>e</sup> + partners ought y<sup>e</sup> rather to require just accounts from each + of them before they parte with any money to either of them. For + marchants understand how to give an acounte; if they mean fairley, they + will not deney to give an accounte, for they keep memorialls to helpe + them to give exacte acounts in all perticulers, and memoriall cannot + forget his charge, if y<sup>e</sup> man will remember. I desire not to + wrong M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp or M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley, nor may be + silente in such apparente probabilities of their wronging y<sup>e</sup> + partners, and me likwise, either in deneying to deliver or shew any + accounte, or in delivering one very unjuste in some perticulers, and + very suspitious in many more; either of which, being from understanding + marchants, cannot be from weaknes or simplisitie, and therfore y<sup>e</sup> + more unfaire. So comending you & yours, and all y<sup>e</sup> Lord's + people, unto y<sup>e</sup> gratious protection and blessing of y<sup>e</sup> + Lord, and rest your loving friend, + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Richard Andrewes</span>. + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Aprill 7. 1643. + </div> + </div> + <p> + This leter was write y<sup>e</sup> year after y<sup>e</sup> agreement, as + doth appear; and what his judgmente was herein, y<sup>e</sup> contents + doth manifest, and so I leave it to y<sup>e</sup> equall judgmente of any + to consider, as they see cause. + </p> + <p> + Only I shall adde what M<sup>r</sup>. Sherley furder write in a leter of + his, about y<sup>e</sup> same time, and so leave this bussines. His is as + followeth on y<sup>e</sup> other side.<a name="FNanchor_EP_146" + id="FNanchor_EP_146"></a><a href="#Footnote_EP_146" class="fnanchor">[EP]</a> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_485" id="Page_485">[485]</a></span> + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + [253] Loving freinds, M<sup>r</sup>. Bradford, M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow, + Cap: Standish, M<sup>r</sup>. Prence, and y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> + partners w<sup>th</sup> you; I shall write this generall leter to you + all, hoping it will be a good conclude of a generall, but a costly & + tedious bussines I thinke to all, I am sure to me, &c. + </p> + <p> + I received from M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow a letter of y<sup>e</sup> 28. of + Sept: last, and so much as concernes y<sup>e</sup> generall bussines I + shall answer in this, not knowing whether I shall have opportunitie to + write perticuler letters, &c. I expected more letters from you all, + as some perticuler writs,<a name="FNanchor_EQ_147" id="FNanchor_EQ_147"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EQ_147" class="fnanchor">[EQ]</a> but it seemeth no fitt + opportunity was offered. And now, though y<sup>e</sup> bussines for y<sup>e</sup> + maine may stand, yet some perticulers is alltered; I say my former + agreemente with M<sup>r</sup>. Weld & M<sup>r</sup>. Peters, before + they<a name="FNanchor_ER_148" id="FNanchor_ER_148"></a><a + href="#Footnote_ER_148" class="fnanchor">[ER]</a> could conclude or gett + any grante of M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews, they sought to have my release; + and ther upon they sealed me a bond for a 110<sup>li</sup>. So I sente + my acquittance, for they said without mine ther would be no end made (& + ther was good reason for it). Now they hoped, if y<sup>ey</sup> ended + with me, to gaine M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews parte, as they did holy, to a + pound, (at which I should wonder, but y<sup>t</sup> I observe some + passages,) and they also hoped to have gotten M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamps + part, & I did thinke he would have given it them. But if he did well + understand him selfe, & that acounte, he would give it; for his + demands make a great sound.<a name="FNanchor_ES_149" id="FNanchor_ES_149"></a><a + href="#Footnote_ES_149" class="fnanchor">[ES]</a> But it seemeth he + would not parte with it, supposing it too great a sume, and y<sup>t</sup> + he might easily gaine it from you. Once he would have given them 40<sup>li</sup>. + but now they say he will not doe that, or rather I suppose they will not + take it; for if they doe, & have M<sup>r</sup>. Andrewses, then they + must pay me their bond of 110<sup>li</sup>. 3 months hence. Now it will + fall out farr better for you, y<sup>t</sup> they deal not with Mr. + Beachamp, and also for me, if you <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_486" id="Page_486">[486]</a></span>be as kind to me as I have + been & will be to you; and y<sup>t</sup> thus, if you pay M<sup>r</sup>. + Andrews, or y<sup>e</sup> Bay men, by his order, 544<sup>li</sup>. which + is his full demande; but if looked into, perhaps might be less. The man + is honest, & in my conscience would not wittingly doe wronge, yett + he may forgett as well as other men; and M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow may call + to minde wherin he forgetts; (but some times it is good to buy peace.) + The gentlemen of y<sup>e</sup> Bay may abate 100<sup>li</sup>. and so + both sids have more right & justice then if they exacte all, &c. + Now if you send me a 150<sup>li</sup>. then say M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews + full sume, & this, it is nere 700<sup>li</sup>. M<sup>r</sup>. + Beachamp he demands 400<sup>li</sup>. and we all know that, if a man + demands money, he must shew wherfore, and make proofe of his debte; + which I know he can never make good proafe of one hunderd pound dew unto + him as principall money; so till he can, you have good reason to keep y<sup>e</sup> + 500<sup>li</sup>. &c. This I proteste I write not in malice against + M<sup>r</sup>. Beachamp, for it is a reall truth. You may partly see it + by M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews making up his accounte, and I think you are + all perswaded I can say more then M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews concerning that + accounte. I wish I could make up my owne as plaine & easily, but + because of former discontents, I will be sparing till I be called; & + you may injoye y<sup>e</sup> 500<sup>li</sup>. quietly till he begine; + for let him take his course hear or ther, it shall be all one, I will + doe him no wronge; and if he have not on peney more, he is less loser + then either M<sup>r</sup>. Andrews or I. This I conceive to be just + & honest; y<sup>e</sup> having or not having of his release matters + not; let him make such proafe of his debte as you cannot disprove, and + according to your first agreemente you will pay it, &c. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:17em;"> + <div class="closing"> + Your truly affectioned friend, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">James Sherley.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + London, Aprill 27. 1643. + </div> + </div> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_487" id="Page_487">[487]</a></span> + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1643" id="a1643"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1643.</i> + </p> + <p> + I am to begine this year whith that which was a mater of great saddnes and + moūring unto them all. Aboute y<sup>e</sup> 18. of Aprill dyed their + Reve<sup>d</sup> Elder, and my dear & loving friend, M<sup>r</sup>. + William Brewster; a man that had done and suffered much for y<sup>e</sup> + Lord Jesus and y<sup>e</sup> gospells sake, and had bore his parte in well + and woe with this poore persecuted church above 36. years [254] in + England, Holand, and in this wildernes, and done y<sup>e</sup> Lord & + them faithfull service in his place & calling. And notwithstanding y<sup>e</sup> + many troubls and sorrows he passed throw, the Lord upheld him to a great + age. He was nere fourskore years of age (if not all out) when he dyed. He + had this blesing added by y<sup>e</sup> Lord to all y<sup>e</sup> rest, to + dye in his bed, in peace, amongst y<sup>e</sup> mids of his freinds, who + mourned & wepte over him, and ministered what help & comforte they + could unto him, and he againe recomforted them whilst he could. His + sicknes was not long, and till y<sup>e</sup> last day therof he did not + wholy keepe his bed. His speech continued till somewhat more then halfe a + day, & then failed him; and aboute 9. or 10. a clock that evīng + he dyed, without any pangs at all. A few howers before, he drew his breath + shorte, and some few minuts before his last, he drew his breath long, as a + man falen into a sound slepe, without any pangs or gaspings, and so + sweetly departed this life unto a better. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_488" id="Page_488">[488]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + I would now demand of any, what he was y<sup>e</sup> worse for any former + sufferings? What doe I say, worse? Nay, sure he was y<sup>e</sup> better, + and they now added to his honour. <i>It is a manifest token</i> (saith y<sup>e</sup> + Apostle, 2. Thes: 1. 5, 6, 7.) <i>of y<sup>e</sup> righeous judgmente of + God that you may be counted worthy of y<sup>e</sup> kingdome of God, for + which ye allso suffer; seing it is a righteous thing with God to + recompence tribulation to them y<sup>t</sup> trouble you: and to you who + are troubled, rest with us, when y<sup>e</sup> Lord Jesus shall be + revealed from heaven, with his mighty angels.</i> 1. Pet. 4. 14. <i>If you + be reproached for y<sup>e</sup> name of Christ, hapy are ye, for y<sup>e</sup> + spirite of glory and of God resteth upon you.</i> What though he wanted y<sup>e</sup> + riches and pleasurs of y<sup>e</sup> world in this life, and pompous + monuments at his funurall? yet y<sup>e</sup> memoriall of y<sup>e</sup> + just shall be blessed, when y<sup>e</sup> name of y<sup>e</sup> wicked + shall rott (with their marble monuments). Pro: 10. 7. + </p> + <p> + I should say something of his life, if to say a litle were not worse then + to be silent. But I cannot wholy forbear, though hapily more may be done + hereafter. After he had attained some learning, viz. y<sup>e</sup> + knowledg of y<sup>e</sup> Latine tongue, & some insight in y<sup>e</sup> + Greeke, and spent some small time at Cambridge, and then being first + seasoned with y<sup>e</sup> seeds of grace and vertue, he went to y<sup>e</sup> + Courte, and served that religious and godly gentlman, M<sup>r</sup>. + Davison, diverce years, when he was Secretary of State; who found him so + discreete and faithfull <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_489" + id="Page_489">[489]</a></span>as he trusted him above all other that were + aboute him, and only imployed him in all matters of greatest trust and + secrecie. He esteemed him rather as a sonne then a servante, and for his + wisdom & godlines (in private) he would converse with him more like a + freind & familier then a maister. He attended his m<sup>r</sup>. when + he was sente in ambassage by the Queene into y<sup>e</sup> Low-Countries, + in y<sup>e</sup> Earle of Leicesters time, as for other waighty affaires + of state, so to receive possession of the cautionary townes, and in token + & signe therof the keyes of Flushing being delivered to him, in her ma<sup>tis</sup> + name, he kepte them some time, and com̅itted them to this his + servante, who kept them under his pilow, on which he slepte y<sup>e</sup> + first night. And, at his returne, y<sup>e</sup> States honoured him with a + gould chaine, and his maister com̅itted it to him, and com̅anded + him to wear it when they arrived in England, as they ridd thorrow the + country, till they came to y<sup>e</sup> Courte. He afterwards remained + with him till his troubles, that he was put from his place aboute y<sup>e</sup> + death of y<sup>e</sup> Queene of Scots; and some good time after, doeing + him manie faithfull offices of servise in y<sup>e</sup> time of his + troubles. Afterwards he wente and lived in y<sup>e</sup> country, in good + esteeme amongst his freinds and y<sup>e</sup> gentle-men of those parts, + espetially the godly & religious. He did much good in y<sup>e</sup> + countrie wher he lived, in promoting and furthering religion, not only by + his practiss & example, and provocking and incouraging of others, but + by procuring <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_490" id="Page_490">[490]</a></span>of + good preachers to y<sup>e</sup> places theraboute, and, drawing on of + others to assiste & help forward in such a worke; he him selfe most + comonly deepest in y<sup>e</sup> charge, & some times above his + abillitie. And in this state he continued many years, doeing y<sup>e</sup> + best good he could, and walking according to y<sup>e</sup> light he saw, + till y<sup>e</sup> Lord reveiled further unto him. And in y<sup>e</sup> + end, by y<sup>e</sup> tirrany of y<sup>e</sup> bishops against godly + preachers & people, in silenceing the one & persecuting y<sup>e</sup> + other, he and many more of those times begane to looke further into + things, and to see into y<sup>e</sup> unlawfullnes of their callings, and + y<sup>e</sup> burthen of many anti-christian corruptions, which both he + and they endeavored to cast of; as y<sup>ey</sup> allso did, as in y<sup>e</sup> + begining of this treatis is to be seene. [255] After they were joyned + togither in comunion, he was a spetiall stay & help unto them. They + ordinarily mett at his house on y<sup>e</sup> Lords day, (which was a + manor of y<sup>e</sup> bishops,) and with great love he entertained them + when they came, making provission for them to his great charge. He was y<sup>e</sup> + cheefe of those that were taken at Boston, and suffered y<sup>e</sup> + greatest loss; and of y<sup>e</sup> seven that were kept longst in prison, + and after bound over to y<sup>e</sup> assises. Affter he came into Holland + he suffered much hardship, after he had spente y<sup>e</sup> most of his + means, haveing a great charge, and many children; and, in regard of his + former breeding & course of life, not so fitt for many imployments as + others were, espetially such as were toylesume & <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_491" id="Page_491">[491]</a></span>laborious. But yet he ever + bore his condition with much cherfullnes and contentation. Towards y<sup>e</sup> + later parte of those 12. years spente in Holland, his outward condition + was mended, and he lived well & plentifully; for he fell into a way + (by reason he had y<sup>e</sup> Latine tongue) to teach many students, who + had a disire to lerne y<sup>e</sup> English tongue, to teach them English; + and by his method they quickly attained it with great facilitie; for he + drew rules to lerne it by, after y<sup>e</sup> Latine maner; and many + gentlemen, both Danes & Germans, resorted to him, as they had time + from other studies, some of them being great mens son̅es. He also had + means to set up printing, (by y<sup>e</sup> help of some freinds,) and so + had imploymente inoughg, and by reason of many books which would not be + alowed to be printed in England, they might have had more then they could + doe. But now removeing into this countrie, all these things were laid + aside againe, and a new course of living must be framed unto; in which he + was no way unwilling to take his parte, and to bear his burthen with y<sup>e</sup> + rest, living many times without bread, or corne, many months together, + having many times nothing but fish, and often wanting that also; and + drunke nothing but water for many years togeather, yea, till within 5. or + 6. years of his death. And yet he lived (by y<sup>e</sup> blessing of God) + in health till very old age. And besids y<sup>t</sup>, he would labour + with his hands in y<sup>e</sup> feilds as long as he was able; yet when + the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_492" id="Page_492">[492]</a></span>church + had no other minister, he taught twise every Saboth, and y<sup>t</sup> + both powerfully and profitably, to y<sup>e</sup> great contentment of y<sup>e</sup> + hearers, and their comfortable edification; yea, many were brought to God + by his ministrie. He did more in this behalfe in a year, then many that + have their hundreds a year doe in all their lives. For his personall + abilities, he was qualified above many; he was wise and discreete and well + spoken, having a grave & deliberate utterance, of a very cherfull + spirite, very sociable & pleasante amongst his freinds, of an humble + and modest mind, of a peaceable disposition, under vallewing him self + & his owne abilities, and some time over valewing others; inoffencive + and in̅ocente in his life & conversation, w<sup>ch</sup> gained + him y<sup>e</sup> love of those without, as well as those within; yet he + would tell them plainely of their faults & evills, both publickly + & privatly, but in such a maner as usually was well taken from him. He + was tender harted, and compassionate of such as were in miserie, but + espetialy of such as had been of good estate and ranke, and were fallen + unto want & poverty, either for goodnes & religions sake, or by y<sup>e</sup> + injury & oppression of others; he would say, of all men these deserved + to be pitied most. And none did more offend & displease him then such + as would hautily and proudly carry & lift up themselves, being rise + from nothing, and haveing litle els in them to comend them but a few fine + cloaths, or a litle riches more then others. In <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_493" id="Page_493">[493]</a></span>teaching, he was very moving + & stirring of affections, also very plaine & distincte in what he + taught; by which means he became y<sup>e</sup> more profitable to y<sup>e</sup> + hearers. He had a singuler good gift in prayer, both publick & + private, in ripping up y<sup>e</sup> hart & conscience before God, in + the humble confession of sinne, and begging y<sup>e</sup> mercies of God + in Christ for y<sup>e</sup> pardon of y<sup>e</sup> same. He always + thought it were better for ministers to pray oftener, and devide their + prears, then be longe & tedious in the same (excepte upon sollemne + & spetiall occations, as in days of humiliation & y<sup>e</sup> + like). His reason was, that y<sup>e</sup> harte & spirits of all, + espetialy y<sup>e</sup> weake, could hardly continue & stand bente (as + it were) so long towards God, as they ought to doe in y<sup>t</sup> duty, + without flagging and falling of. For y<sup>e</sup> govermente of y<sup>e</sup> + church, (which was most [256] proper to his office,) he was carfull to + preserve good order in y<sup>e</sup> same, and to preserve puritie, both + in y<sup>e</sup> doctrine & comunion of y<sup>e</sup> same; and to + supress any errour or contention that might begine to rise up amongst + them; and accordingly God gave good success to his indeavors herein all + his days, and he saw y<sup>e</sup> fruite of his labours in that behalfe. + But I must breake of, having only thus touched a few, as it were, heads of + things. + </p> + <p> + I cannot but here take occasion, not only to mention, but greatly to + admire y<sup>e</sup> marvelous providence of God, that notwithstanding y<sup>e</sup> + many changes and <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_494" id="Page_494">[494]</a></span>hardships + that these people wente throwgh, and y<sup>e</sup> many enemies they had + and difficulties they mette with all, that so many of them should live to + very olde age! It was not only this reve<sup>d</sup> mans condition, (for + one swallow maks no summer, as they say,) but many more of them did y<sup>e</sup> + like, some dying aboute and before this time, and many still living, who + attained to 60. years of age, and to 65. diverse to 70. and above, and + some nere 80. as he did. It must needs be more then ordinarie, and above + naturall reason, that so it should be; for it is found in experience, that + chaing of aeir, famine, or unholsome foode, much drinking of water, + sorrows & troubls, &c., all of them are enimies to health, causes + of many diseaces, consumers of naturall vigoure and y<sup>e</sup> bodys of + men, and shortners of life. And yet of all these things they had a large + parte, and suffered deeply in y<sup>e</sup> same. They wente from England + to Holand, wher they found both worse air and dyet then that they came + from; from thence (induring a long imprisonmente, as it were, in y<sup>e</sup> + ships at sea) into New-England; and how it hath been with them hear hath + allready beene showne; and what crosses, troubls, fears, wants, and + sorrowes they had been lyable unto, is easie to conjecture; so as in some + sorte they may say with y<sup>e</sup> Apostle, 2. Cor: 11. 26, 27. they + were <i>in journeyings often, in perils of waters, in perills of robers, + in perills of their owne nation, in perils among y<sup>e</sup> heathen, in + perills in y<sup>e</sup> willdernes, in perills in y<sup>e</sup> sea, + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_495" id="Page_495">[495]</a></span>in + perills among false breethern; in wearines & painfullnes, in watching + often, in hunger and thirst, in fasting often, in could and nakednes.</i> + What was it then that upheld them? It was Gods vissitation that preserved + their spirits. Job 10. 12. <i>Thou hast given me life and grace, and thy + vissitation hath preserved my spirite.</i> He that upheld y<sup>e</sup> + Apostle upheld them. <i>They were persecuted, but not forsaken, cast + downe, but perished not.</i> 2. Cor: 4. 9. <i>As unknowen, and yet knowen; + as dying, and behold we live; as chastened, and yett not kiled.</i> 2. + Cor: 6. 9. God, it seems, would have all men to behold and observe such + mercies and works of his providence as these are towards his people, that + they in like cases might be incouraged to depend upon God in their trials, + & also blese his name when they see his goodnes towards others. Man + lives not by bread only, Deut: 8. 3. It is not by good & dainty fare, + by peace, & rest, and harts ease, in injoying y<sup>e</sup> + contentments and good things of this world only, that preserves health and + prolongs life. God in such examples would have y<sup>e</sup> world see + & behold that he can doe it without them; and if y<sup>e</sup> world + will shut ther eyes, and take no notice therof, yet he would have his + people to see and consider it. Daniell could be better liking with pulse + then others were with y<sup>e</sup> kings dainties. Jaacob, though he + wente from one nation to another people, and passed thorow famine, fears, + & many afflictions, yet he lived till old age, and <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_496" id="Page_496">[496]</a></span>dyed + sweetly, & rested in y<sup>e</sup> Lord, as infinite others of Gods + servants have done, and still shall doe, (through Gods goodnes,) + notwithstanding all y<sup>e</sup> malice of their enemies; <i>when y<sup>e</sup> + branch of y<sup>e</sup> wicked shall be cut of before his day</i>, Job. + 15. 32. <i>and the bloody and deceitfull men shall not live out halfe + their days</i>. Psa: 55. 23. + </p> + <p> + By reason of y<sup>e</sup> plottings of the Narigansets, (ever since y<sup>e</sup> + Pequents warr,) the Indeans were drawne into a generall conspiracie + against y<sup>e</sup> English in all parts, as was in part discovered y<sup>e</sup> + yeare before; and now made more plaine and evidente by many discoveries + and free-conffessions of sundrie Indeans (upon severall occasions) from + diverse places, concuring in one; with such other concuring circomstances + as gave them suffissently to understand the trueth therof, and to thinke + of means, how to prevente y<sup>e</sup> same, and secure them selves. + Which made them enter into this more nere union & confederation + following. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + [257] Articles of Confederation betweene y<sup>e</sup> Plantations under + y<sup>e</sup> Govermente of Massachusets, y<sup>e</sup> Plantations + under y<sup>e</sup> Govermente of New-Plimoth, y<sup>e</sup> Plantations + under y<sup>e</sup> Govermente of Conightecute, and y<sup>e</sup> + Govermente of New-Haven, with y<sup>e</sup> Plantations in combination + therwith. + </p> + <p> + Wheras we all came into these parts of America with one and y<sup>e</sup> + same end and aime, namly; to advance the kingdome of our Lord Jesus + Christ, & to injoye y<sup>e</sup> liberties of y<sup>e</sup> Gospell + in puritie with peace; and wheras in our setling (by a wise providence + of God) we are further disperced upon y<sup>e</sup> sea <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_497" id="Page_497">[497]</a></span>coasts + and rivers then was at first intended, so y<sup>t</sup> we cannot, + according to our desires, with convenience comunicate in one govermente + & jurisdiction; and wheras we live encompassed with people of + severall nations and strang languages, which hereafter may prove + injurious to us and our posteritie; and for as much as y<sup>e</sup> + natives have formerly committed sundrie insolencies and outrages upon + severall plantations of y<sup>e</sup> English, and have of late combined + them selves against us; and seeing, by reason of those distractions in + England (which they have heard of) and by which they know we are + hindered from y<sup>t</sup> humble way of seeking advice or reaping + those comfurtable fruits of protection which at other times we might + well expecte; we therfore doe conceive it our bounden duty, without + delay, to enter into a presente consociation amongst our selves, for + mutuall help & strength in all our future concernments. That as in + nation and religion, so in other respects, we be & continue one, + according to y<sup>e</sup> tenor and true meaning of the insuing + articles. (1) Wherfore it is fully agreed and concluded by & + betweene y<sup>e</sup> parties or jurisdictions above named, and they + joyntly & severally doe by these presents agree & conclude, that + they all be and henceforth be called by y<sup>e</sup> name of The United + Colonies of New-England. + </p> + <p> + 2. The said United Collonies, for them selves & their posterities, + doe joyntly & severally hereby enter into a firme & perpetuall + league of frendship & amitie, for offence and defence, mutuall + advice and succore upon all just occasions, both for preserving & + propagating y<sup>e</sup> truth of y<sup>e</sup> Gospell, and for their + owne mutuall saftie and wellfare. + </p> + <p> + 3. It is further agreed that the plantations which at presente are or + hereafter shall be setled with[in] y<sup>e</sup> limites of y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets shall be for ever under y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and + shall have peculier jurisdiction amonge them selves in all cases, as an + intire body. And y<sup>t</sup> Plimoth, Conightecutt, and <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_498" id="Page_498">[498]</a></span>New-Haven + shall each of them have like peculier jurisdition and govermente within + their limites and in refference to y<sup>e</sup> plantations which + allready are setled, or shall hereafter be erected, or shall setle + within their limites, respectively; provided y<sup>t</sup> no other + jurisdition shall hereafter be taken in, as a distincte head or member + of this confederation, nor shall any other plantation or jurisdiction in + presente being, and not allready in combination or under y<sup>e</sup> + jurisdiction of any of these confederats, be received by any of them; + nor shall any tow of y<sup>e</sup> confederats joyne in one + jurisdiction, without consente of y<sup>e</sup> rest, which consete to + be interpreted as is expresed in y<sup>e</sup> sixte article ensewing. + </p> + <p> + 4. It is by these conffederats agreed, y<sup>t</sup> the charge of all + just warrs, whether offencive or defencive, upon what parte or member of + this confederation soever they fall, shall, both in men, provissions, + and all other disbursments, be borne by all y<sup>e</sup> parts of this + confederation, in differente proportions, according to their differente + abillities, in maner following: namely, y<sup>t</sup> the comissioners + for each jurisdiction, from time to time, as ther shall be occasion, + bring a true accounte and number of all their males in every plantation, + or any way belonging too or under their severall jurisdictions, of what + qualitie or condition soever they be, from 16. years old to 60, being + inhabitants ther; and y<sup>t</sup> according to y<sup>e</sup> + differente numbers which from time to time shall be found in each + jurisdiction upon a true & just accounte, the service of men and all + charges of y<sup>e</sup> warr be borne by y<sup>e</sup> pole; each + jurisdiction or plantation being left to their owne just course & + custome of rating them selves and people according to their differente + estates, with due respects to their qualities and exemptions amongst + them selves, though the confederats take no notice of any such + priviledg. And y<sup>t</sup> according to their differente charge of + each jurisdiction & plantation, the whole advantage of y<sup>e</sup> + warr, (if it please God to blesse their <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_499" id="Page_499">[499]</a></span>indeaours,) whether it be + in lands, goods, or persons, shall be proportionably devided amonge y<sup>e</sup> + said confederats. + </p> + <p> + 5. It is further agreed, that if these jurisdictions, or any plantation + under or in combynacion with them, be invaded by any enemie whomsoever, + upon notice & requeste of any 3. [258] magistrats of y<sup>t</sup> + jurisdiction so invaded, y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> + confederats, without any further meeting or expostulation, shall + forthwith send ayde to y<sup>e</sup> confederate in danger, but in + differente proportion; namely, y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets an hundred men + sufficently armed & provided for such a service and journey, and + each of y<sup>e</sup> rest forty five so armed & provided, or any + lesser number, if less be required according to this proportion. But if + such confederate in danger may be supplyed by their nexte confederates, + not exeeding y<sup>e</sup> number hereby agreed, they may crave help + ther, and seeke no further for y<sup>e</sup> presente; y<sup>e</sup> + charge to be borne as in this article is exprest, and at y<sup>e</sup> + returne to be victuled & suplyed with powder & shote for their + jurney (if ther be need) by y<sup>t</sup> jurisdiction which imployed or + sent for them. But none of y<sup>e</sup> jurisdictions to exceede these + numbers till, by a meeting of y<sup>e</sup> com̅issioners for this + confederation, a greater aide appear nessessarie. And this proportion to + continue till upon knowlege of greater numbers in each jurisdiction, + which shall be brought to y<sup>e</sup> nexte meeting, some other + proportion be ordered. But in such case of sending men for presente + aide, whether before or after such order or alteration, it is agreed y<sup>t</sup> + at y<sup>e</sup> meeting of y<sup>e</sup> comissioners for this + confederation, the cause of such warr or invasion be duly considered; + and if it appeare y<sup>t</sup> the falte lay in y<sup>e</sup> parties + so invaded, y<sup>t</sup> then that jurisdiction or plantation make just + satisfaction both to y<sup>e</sup> invaders whom they have injured, and + beare all y<sup>e</sup> charges of y<sup>e</sup> warr them selves, + without requiring any allowance from y<sup>e</sup> rest of y<sup>e</sup> + confederats towards y<sup>e</sup> same. And further, y<sup>t</sup> if + any jurisdiction see any danger of any invasion <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_500" id="Page_500">[500]</a></span>approaching, and ther be + time for a meeting, that in such a case 3. magistrats of y<sup>t</sup> + jurisdiction may sum̅one a meeting, at such conveniente place as + them selves shall thinke meete, to consider & provid against y<sup>e</sup> + threatened danger, provided when they are mett, they may remove to what + place they please; only, whilst any of these foure confederats have but + 3 magistrats in their jurisdiction, their requeste, or summons, from any + 2. of them shall be accounted of equall force with y<sup>e</sup> 3. + mentioned in both the clauses of this article, till ther be an increase + of majestrats ther. + </p> + <p> + 6. It is also agreed y<sup>t</sup>, for y<sup>e</sup> managing & + concluding of all affairs propper, & concerning the whole + confederation, tow comissioners shall be chosen by & out of each of + these 4. jurisdictions; namly, 2. for y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, 2. for + Plimoth, 2. for Conightecutt, and 2. for New-Haven, being all in church + fellowship with us, which shall bring full power from their severall + Generall Courts respectively to hear, examene, waigh, and detirmine all + affairs of warr, or peace, leagues, aids, charges, and numbers of men + for warr, divissions of spoyles, & whatsoever is gotten by conquest; + receiving of more confederats, or plantations into combination with any + of y<sup>e</sup> confederates, and all things of like nature, which are + y<sup>e</sup> proper concomitants or consequences of such a + confederation, for amitie, offence, & defence; not inter-medling + with y<sup>e</sup> govermente of any of y<sup>e</sup> jurisdictions, + which by y<sup>e</sup> 3. article is preserved entirely to them selves. + But if these 8. comissioners when they meete shall not all agree, yet it + concluded that any 6. of the 8. agreeing shall have power to setle & + determine y<sup>e</sup> bussines in question. But if 6. doe not agree, + that then such propositions, with their reasons, so farr as they have + been debated, be sente, and referred to y<sup>e</sup> 4. Generall + Courts, viz. y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, Plimoth, Conightecutt, and + New-haven; and if at all y<sup>e</sup> said Generall Courts y<sup>e</sup> + bussines so referred be concluded, <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_501" id="Page_501">[501]</a></span>then to be prosecuted by y<sup>e</sup> + confederats, and all their members. It was further agreed that these 8. + comissioners shall meete once every year, besids extraordinarie + meetings, (according to the fifte article,) to consider, treate, & + conclude of all affaires belonging to this confederation, which meeting + shall ever be the first Thursday in September. And y<sup>t</sup> the + next meeting after the date of these presents, which shall be accounted + y<sup>e</sup> second meeting, shall be at Boston in y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets, the 3. at Hartford, the 4. at New-Haven, the 5. at + Plimoth, and so in course successively, if in y<sup>e</sup> meane time + some midle place be not found out and agreed on, which may be comodious + for all y<sup>e</sup> jurisdictions. + </p> + <p> + 7. It is further agreed, y<sup>t</sup> at each meeting of these 8. + comissioners, whether ordinarie, or extraordinary, they all 6. of them + agreeing as before, may chuse a presidente out of them selves, whose + office & work shall be to take care and directe for order, and a + comly carrying on of all proceedings in y<sup>e</sup> present meeting; + but he shall be invested with no such power or respecte, as by which he + shall hinder y<sup>e</sup> propounding or progrese of any bussines, or + any way cast y<sup>e</sup> scailes otherwise then in y<sup>e</sup> + precedente article is agreed. + </p> + <p> + [259] 8. It is also agreed, y<sup>t</sup> the comissioners for this + confederation hereafter at their meetings, whether ordinary or + extraordinarie, as they may have comission or opportunitie, doe + indeaover to frame and establish agreements & orders in generall + cases of a civill nature, wherin all y<sup>e</sup> plantations are + interessed, for y<sup>e</sup> preserving of peace amongst them selves, + and preventing as much as may be all occasions of warr or difference + with others; as aboute y<sup>e</sup> free & speedy passage of + justice, in every jurisdiction, to all y<sup>e</sup> confederats equally + as to their owne; not receiving those y<sup>t</sup> remove from one + plantation to another without due <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_502" id="Page_502">[502]</a></span>certificate; how all y<sup>e</sup> + jurisdictions may carry towards y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, that they neither + growe insolente, nor be injured without due satisfaction, least warr + breake in upon the confederats through such miscarriages. It is also + agreed, y<sup>t</sup> if any servante rune away from his maister into + another of these confederated jurisdictions, that in such case, upon y<sup>e</sup> + certificate of one magistrate in the jurisdiction out of which y<sup>e</sup> + said servante fledd, or upon other due proofe, the said servante shall + be delivered, either to his maister, or any other y<sup>t</sup> pursues + & brings such certificate or proofe. And y<sup>t</sup> upon y<sup>e</sup> + escape of any prisoner whatsoever, or fugitive for any criminall cause, + whether breaking prison, or getting from y<sup>e</sup> officer, or + otherwise escaping, upon the certificate of 2. magistrats of y<sup>e</sup> + jurisdiction out of which y<sup>e</sup> escape is made, that he was a + prisoner, or such an offender at y<sup>e</sup> time of y<sup>e</sup> + escape, they magistrats, or sume of them of the jurisdiction wher for y<sup>e</sup> + presente the said prisoner or fugitive abideth, shall forthwith grante + such a warrante as y<sup>e</sup> case will beare, for y<sup>e</sup> + apprehending of any such person, & the delivering of him into y<sup>e</sup> + hands of y<sup>e</sup> officer, or other person who pursues him. And if + ther be help required, for y<sup>e</sup> safe returning of any such + offender, then it shall be granted to him y<sup>t</sup> craves y<sup>e</sup> + same, he paying the charges therof. + </p> + <p> + 9. And for y<sup>t</sup> the justest warrs may be of dangerous + consequence, espetially to y<sup>e</sup> smaler plantations in these + United Collonies, it is agreed y<sup>t</sup> neither y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets, Plimoth, Conightecutt, nor New-Haven, nor any member of + any of them, shall at any time hear after begine, undertake, or ingage + them selves, or this confederation, or any parte therof, in any warr + whatsoever, (sudden<a name="FNanchor_ET_150" id="FNanchor_ET_150"></a><a + href="#Footnote_ET_150" class="fnanchor">[ET]</a> exegents, with y<sup>e</sup> + necessary consequents therof excepted, which are also to be moderated as + much as y<sup>e</sup> case will permitte,) <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_503" id="Page_503">[503]</a></span>without y<sup>e</sup> + consente and agreemente of y<sup>e</sup> forementioned 8. comissioners, + or at the least 6. of them, as in y<sup>e</sup> sixt article is + provided. And y<sup>t</sup> no charge be required of any of they + confederats, in case of a defensive warr, till y<sup>e</sup> said + comissioners have mett, and approved y<sup>e</sup> justice of y<sup>e</sup> + warr, and have agreed upon y<sup>e</sup> sum̅e of money to be + levied, which sume is then to be paid by the severall confederats in + proportion according to y<sup>e</sup> fourth article. + </p> + <p> + 10. That in extraordinary occasions, when meetings are summoned by three + magistrates of any jurisdiction, or 2. as in y<sup>e</sup> 5. article, + if any of y<sup>e</sup> comissioners come not, due warning being given + or sente, it is agreed y<sup>t</sup> 4. of the comissioners shall have + power to directe a warr which cannot be delayed, and to send for due + proportions of men out of each jurisdiction, as well as 6. might doe if + all mett; but not less then 6. shall determine the justice of y<sup>e</sup> + warr, or alow y<sup>e</sup> demands or bills of charges, or cause any + levies to be made for y<sup>e</sup> same. + </p> + <p> + 11. It is further agreed, y<sup>t</sup> if any of y<sup>e</sup> + confederats shall hereafter breake any of these presente articles, or be + any other ways injurious to any one of y<sup>e</sup> other + jurisdictions, such breach of agreemente or injurie shall be duly + considered and ordered by y<sup>e</sup> comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> + other jurisdiction; that both peace and this presente confederation may + be intirly preserved without violation. + </p> + <p> + 12. Lastly, this perpetuall confederation, and y<sup>e</sup> severall + articles therof being read, and seriously considered, both by y<sup>e</sup> + Generall Courte for y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and by y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners for Plimoth, Conigtecute, & New-Haven, were fully + alowed & confirmed by 3. of y<sup>e</sup> forenamed confederats, + namly, y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, Conightecutt, and New-Haven; only y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners for Plimoth haveing no com̅ission to conclude, desired + respite till they might advise with their Generall Courte; wher upon it + was agreed and concluded <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_504" + id="Page_504">[504]</a></span>by y<sup>e</sup> said Courte of y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets, and the comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> other tow + confederats, that, if Plimoth consente, then the whole treaty as it + stands in these present articls is, and shall continue, firme & + stable without alteration. But if Plimoth come not in, yet y<sup>e</sup> + other three confederats doe by these presents [260] confeirme y<sup>e</sup> + whole confederation, and the articles therof; only in September nexte, + when y<sup>e</sup> second meeting of y<sup>e</sup> com̅issioners is + to be at Boston, new consideration may be taken of y<sup>e</sup> 6. + article, which concerns number of comissioners for meeting & + concluding the affaires of this confederation, to y<sup>e</sup> + satisfaction of y<sup>e</sup> Courte of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, and + y<sup>e</sup> comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> other 2. confederats, but y<sup>e</sup> + rest to stand unquestioned. In y<sup>e</sup> testimonie wherof, y<sup>e</sup> + Generall Courte of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, by ther Secretary, and y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners for Conightecutt and New-Haven, have subscribed these + presente articles this 19. of y<sup>e</sup> third month, comonly called + May, Anno Dom: 1643. + </p> + <p> + At a meeting of y<sup>e</sup> comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> + confederation held at Boston y<sup>e</sup> 7. of Sept: it appearing that + the Generall Courte of New-Plimoth, and y<sup>e</sup> severall + towneshipes therof, have read & considered & approved these + articles of confederation, as appeareth by com̅ission from their + Generall Courte bearing date y<sup>e</sup> 29. of August, 1643. to M<sup>r</sup>. + Edward Winslow and M<sup>r</sup>. William Collier, to ratifie and + confirme y<sup>e</sup> same on their behalfes. We, therfore, y<sup>e</sup> + Comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, Conightecutt, & New + Haven, doe also, for our severall goverments, subscribe unto them. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk" style="width:23em;"> + <div class="ltr_sig_multi" style="margin-left:0;"> + <span class="smcap">John Winthrop</span>, Gov<sup>r</sup>. of y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusest.<br /> <span class="smcap">Tho: Dudley</span>.<br /> <span + class="smcap">Geo: Fenwick</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Thomas + Gregson</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Theoph: Eaton</span>.<br /> + <span class="smcap">Edwa: Hopkins</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Thomas + Gregson</span>.<br /> + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p> + These were y<sup>e</sup> articles of agreemente in y<sup>e</sup> union and + confederation which they now first entered into; and in <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_505" id="Page_505">[505]</a></span>this + their first meeting, held at Boston y<sup>e</sup> day & year + abovesaid, amongst other things they had this matter of great consequence + to considere on: the Narigansets, after y<sup>e</sup> subduing of y<sup>e</sup> + Pequents, thought to have ruled over all y<sup>e</sup> Indeans aboute + them; but y<sup>e</sup> English, espetially those of Conightecutt holding + correspondencie & frenship with Uncass, sachem of y<sup>e</sup> + Monhigg Indeans which lived nere them, (as y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets had + done with y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets,) and he had been faithful to them in + y<sup>e</sup> Pequente warr, they were ingaged to supporte him in his just + liberties, and were contented y<sup>t</sup> such of y<sup>e</sup> + surviving Pequents as had submited to him should remaine with him and + quietly under his protection. This did much increase his power and + augmente his greatnes, which y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets could not indure to + see. But Myantinomo, their cheefe sachem, (an ambitious & politick + man,) sought privatly and by trearchery (according to y<sup>e</sup> Indean + maner) to make him away, by hiring some to kill him. Sometime they assayed + to poyson him; that not takeing, then in y<sup>e</sup> night time to knock + him on y<sup>e</sup> head in his house, or secretly to shoot him, and such + like attempts. But none of these taking effecte, he made open warr upon + him (though it was against y<sup>e</sup> covenants both betweene y<sup>e</sup> + English & them, as also betweene them selves, and a plaine breach of y<sup>e</sup> + same). He came suddanly upon him with 900. or 1000. men (never denouncing + any warr before). Y<sup>e</sup> others power at y<sup>t</sup> presente was + not above halfe so many; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_506" + id="Page_506">[506]</a></span>but it pleased God to give Uncass y<sup>e</sup> + victory, and he slew many of his men, and wounded many more; but y<sup>e</sup> + cheefe of all was, he tooke Miantinomo prisoner. And seeing he was a + greate man, and y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets a potente people & would + seeke revenge, he would doe nothing in y<sup>e</sup> case without y<sup>e</sup> + advise of y<sup>e</sup> English; so he (by y<sup>e</sup> help & + direction of those of Conightecutt) kept him prisoner till this meeting of + y<sup>e</sup> comissioners. The comissioners weighed y<sup>e</sup> cause + and passages, as they were clearly represented & sufficently evidenced + betwixte Uncass and Myantinomo; and the things being duly considered, the + comissioners apparently saw y<sup>t</sup> Uncass could not be safe whilst + Miantynomo lived, but, either by secrete trechery or open force, his life + would still be in danger. Wherfore they thought he might justly put such a + false & bloud-thirstie enimie to death; but in his owne jurisdiction, + not in y<sup>e</sup> English plantations. And they advised, in y<sup>e</sup> + maner of his death all mercy and moderation should be showed, contrary to + y<sup>e</sup> practise of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, who exercise torturs and + cruelty. And, [261] Uncass having hitherto shewed him selfe a freind to y<sup>e</sup> + English, and in this craving their advise, if the Narigansett Indeans or + others shall unjustly assaulte Uncass for this execution, upon notice and + request, y<sup>e</sup> English promise to assiste and protecte him as farr + as they may agaīste such violence. + </p> + <p> + This was y<sup>e</sup> issue of this bussines. The reasons and passages + hereof are more at large to be seene in y<sup>e</sup> acts <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_507" id="Page_507">[507]</a></span>& + records of this meeting of y<sup>e</sup> comissioners. And Uncass follewd + this advise, and accordingly executed him, in a very faire maner, acording + as they advised, with due respecte to his honour & greatnes. But what + followed on y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets parte will appear hear after. + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1644" id="a1644"></a><i>Anno Dom: 1644.</i> + </p> + <p> + <span class="smcap">M<sup>r</sup>. Edward Winslow</span> was chosen Gov<sup>r</sup> + this year. + </p> + <p> + Many having left this place (as is before noted) by reason of the + straightnes & barrennes of y<sup>e</sup> same, and their finding of + better accommodations elsewher, more sutable to their ends & minds; + and sundrie others still upon every occasion desiring their dismissions, + the church begane seriously to thinke whether it were not better joyntly + to remove to some other place, then to be thus weakened, and as it were + insensibly dissolved. Many meetings and much consultation was held + hearaboute, and diverse were mens minds and opinions. Some were still for + staying togeather in this place, aledging men might hear live, if they + would be contente with their condition; and y<sup>t</sup> it was not for + wante or necessitie so much y<sup>t</sup> they removed, as for y<sup>e</sup> + enriching of them selves. Others were resolute upon removall, and so + signified y<sup>t</sup> hear y<sup>ey</sup> could not stay; but if y<sup>e</sup> + church did not remove, they must; insomuch as many were swayed, rather + then ther should be a dissolution, to condescend to a removall, if a fitt + place could be found, that might more conveniently and comfortablie <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_508" id="Page_508">[508]</a></span>receive y<sup>e</sup> + whole, with such accession of others as might come to them, for their + better strength & subsistence; and some such like cautions and + limitations. So as, with y<sup>e</sup> afforesaide provissos, y<sup>e</sup> + greater parte consented to a removall to a place called Nawsett, which had + been superficially veiwed and y<sup>e</sup> good will of y<sup>e</sup> + purchassers (to whom it belonged) obtained, with some addition thertoo + from y<sup>e</sup> Courte. But now they begane to see their errour, that + they had given away already the best & most com̅odious places to + others, and now wanted them selves; for this place was about 50. myles + from hence, and at an outside of y<sup>e</sup> countrie, remote from all + society; also, that it would prove so straite, as it would not be + competente to receive y<sup>e</sup> whole body, much less be capable of + any addition or increase; so as (at least in a shorte time) they should be + worse ther then they are now hear. The which, with sundery other like + considerations and inconveniences, made them chaing their resolutions; but + such as were before resolved upon removall tooke advantage of this + agreemente, & wente on notwithstanding, neither could y<sup>e</sup> + rest hinder them, they haveing made some begin̅ing. And thus was this + poore church left, like an anciente mother, growne olde, and forsaken of + her children, (though not in their affections,) yett in regarde of their + bodily presence and personall helpfullness. Her anciente members being + most of them worne away by death; and these of later time being <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_509" id="Page_509">[509]</a></span>like + children translated into other families, and she like a widow left only to + trust in God. Thus she that had made many rich became her selfe poore. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p class="center"> + [262] <i>Some things handled, and pacified by y<sup>e</sup> com̅issioner + this year.</i> + </p> + <p> + Wheras, by a wise providence of God, tow of y<sup>e</sup> jurisdictions + in y<sup>e</sup> westerne parts, viz. Conightecutt & New-haven, have + beene latly exercised by sundrie insolencies & outrages from y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans; as, first, an Englishman, runing from his m<sup>r</sup> out of + y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets, was murdered in y<sup>e</sup> woods, in or + nere y<sup>e</sup> limites of Conightecute jurisdiction; and aboute 6. + weeks after, upon discovery by an Indean, y<sup>e</sup> Indean sagamore + in these parts promised to deliver the murderer to y<sup>e</sup> + English, bound; and having accordingly brought him within y<sup>e</sup> + sight of Uncaway, by their joynte consente, as it is informed, he was + ther unbound, and left to shifte for him selfe; wherupon 10. Englishmen + forthwith coming to y<sup>e</sup> place, being sente by M<sup>r</sup>. + Ludlow, at y<sup>e</sup> Indeans desire, to receive y<sup>e</sup> + murderer, who seeing him escaped, layed hold of 8. of y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans ther presente, amongst whom ther was a sagamore or 2. and kept + them in hold 2. days, till 4. sagamors ingaged themselves within one + month to deliver y<sup>e</sup> prisoner. And about a weeke after this + agreemente, an Indean came presumtuously and with guile, in y<sup>e</sup> + day time, and murtherously assalted an English woman in her house at + Stamford, and by 3. wounds, supposed mortall, left her for dead, after + he had robbed y<sup>e</sup> house. By which passages y<sup>e</sup> + English were provoked, & called to a due consideration of their owne + saftie; and y<sup>e</sup> Indeans generally in those parts arose in an + hostile maner, refused to come to y<sup>e</sup> English to carry on + treaties of peace, departed from their wigwames, left their corne + unweeded, and shewed them selves tumultuously <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_510" id="Page_510">[510]</a></span>about some of y<sup>e</sup> + English plantations, & shott of peeces within hearing of y<sup>e</sup> + towne; and some Indeans came to y<sup>e</sup> English & tould them y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans would fall upon them. So y<sup>t</sup> most of y<sup>e</sup> + English thought it unsafe to travell in those parts by land, and some of + y<sup>e</sup> plantations were put upon strong watchs and ward, night + & day, & could not attend their private occasions, and yet + distrusted their owne strength for their defence. Wherupon Hartford + & New-Haven were sent unto for aide, and saw cause both to send into + y<sup>e</sup> weaker parts of their owne jurisdiction thus in danger, + and New-Haven, for conveniencie of situation, sente aide to Uncaway, + though belonging to Conightecutt. Of all which passages they presently + acquainted y<sup>e</sup> comissioners in y<sup>e</sup> Bay, & had y<sup>e</sup> + allowance & approbation from y<sup>e</sup> Generall Courte ther, + with directions neither to hasten warr nor to bear such insolencies too + longe. Which courses, though chargable to them selves, yet through Gods + blessing they hope fruite is, & will be, sweete and wholsome to all + y<sup>e</sup> collonies; the murderers are since delivered to justice, + the publick peace preserved for y<sup>e</sup> presente, & + probabillitie it may be better secured for y<sup>e</sup> future. + </p> + </div> + <p> + Thus this mischeefe was prevented, and y<sup>e</sup> fear of a warr hereby + diverted. But now an other broyle was begune by y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets; + though they unjustly had made warr upon Uncass, (as is before declared,) + and had, y<sup>e</sup> winter before this, ernestly presed y<sup>e</sup> + Gove<sup>r</sup> of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets that they might still make + warr upon them to revenge the death of their sagamore, w<sup>ch</sup>, + being taken prisoner, was by them put to death, (as before was noted,) + pretending that they had first received and accepted his ransome, and then + put him to death. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_511" id="Page_511">[511]</a></span>But + y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> refused their presents, and tould them y<sup>t</sup> + it was them selves had done y<sup>e</sup> wronge, & broaken y<sup>e</sup> + conditions of peace; and he nor y<sup>e</sup> English neither could nor + would allow them to make any further warr upon him, but if they did, must + assiste him, & oppose them; but if it did appeare, upon good proofe, + that he had received a ransome for his life, before he put him to death, + when y<sup>e</sup> comissioners mett, they should have a fair hearing, and + they would cause Uncass to returne y<sup>e</sup> same. But + notwithstanding, at y<sup>e</sup> spring of y<sup>e</sup> year they + gathered a great power, and fell upon Uncass, and slue sundrie of his men, + and wounded more, and also had some loss them selves. Uncass cald for aide + from y<sup>e</sup> English; they tould him what y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets + objected, he deney the same; they tould him it must come to triall, and if + he was inocente, if y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets would not desiste, they + would aide & assiste him. So at this meeting they [263] sent both to + Uncass & y<sup>e</sup> Narrigansets, and required their sagamors to + come or send to y<sup>e</sup> comissioners now mete at Hartford, and they + should have a faire & inpartiall hearing in all their greevances, and + would endeavor y<sup>t</sup> all wrongs should be rectified wher they + should be found; and they promised that they should safly come and returne + without any danger or molestation; and sundry y<sup>e</sup> like things, + as appears more at large in y<sup>e</sup> messengers instructions. Upon w<sup>ch</sup> + the Narigansets sent one sagamore and some other deputies, with full <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_512" id="Page_512">[512]</a></span>power to + doe in y<sup>e</sup> case as should be meete. Uncass came in person, + accompanyed with some cheefe aboute him. After the agitation of y<sup>e</sup> + bussines, y<sup>e</sup> issue was this. The comissioners declared to the + Narigansett deputies as followeth. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + 1. That they did not find any proofe of any ransome agreed on. + </p> + <p> + 2. It appeared not y<sup>t</sup> any wampam had been paied as a ransome, + or any parte of a ransome, for Myantinomos life. + </p> + <p> + 3. That if they had in any measure proved their charge against Uncass, + the comissioners would have required him to have made answerable + satisfaction. + </p> + <p> + 4. That if hereafter they can make satisfing profe, y<sup>e</sup> + English will consider y<sup>e</sup> same, & proceed accordingly. + </p> + <p> + 5. The comissioners did require y<sup>t</sup> neither them selves nor y<sup>e</sup> + Nyanticks make any warr or injurious assaulte upon Unquass or any of his + company untill they make profe of y<sup>e</sup> ransume charged, and y<sup>t</sup> + due satisfaction be deneyed, unless he first assaulte them. + </p> + <p> + 6. That if they assaulte Uncass, the English are engaged to assist him. + </p> + <p> + Hearupon y<sup>e</sup> Narigansette sachim, advising with y<sup>e</sup> + other deputies, ingaged him selfe in the behalfe of y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansets & Nyanticks that no hostile acts should be comitted upon + Uncass, or any of his, untill after y<sup>e</sup> next planting of + corne; and y<sup>t</sup> after that, before they begine any warr, they + will give 30. days warning to y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> of the + Massachusets or Conightecutt. The comissioners approving of this offer, + and taking their ingagmente under their hands, required Uncass, as he + expected y<sup>e</sup> continuance of y<sup>e</sup> favour of the + English, to observe the same termes of peace with y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansets and theirs. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_513" id="Page_513">[513]</a></span> + These foregoing conclusions were subscribed by y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners, for y<sup>e</sup> severall jurisdictions, y<sup>e</sup> + 19. of Sept: 1644. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="ltr_sig_multi"> + <span class="smcap">Edwa: Hopkins</span>, Presidente.<br /> <span + class="smcap">Simon Bradstreete</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Will<sup>m</sup>. + Hathorne</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Edw: Winslow</span>.<br /> + <span class="smcap">John Browne</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Geor: + Fenwick</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Theoph: Eaton</span>.<br /> + <span class="smcap">Tho: Gregson</span>. + </div> + </div> + <p> + The forenamed Narigansets deputies did further promise, that if, + contrary to this agreemente, any of y<sup>e</sup> Nyantick Pequents + should make any assaulte upon Uncass, or any of his, they would deliver + them up to y<sup>e</sup> English, to be punished according to their + demerits; and that they would not use any means to procure the Mowacks + to come against Uncass during this truce. + </p> + <p> + These were their names subscribed with their marks. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="ltr_sig_multi"> + <span class="smcap">Weetowish</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Pampiamett</span>.<br /> + <span class="smcap">Chinñough</span>.<br /> <span class="smcap">Pummunish</span>. + </div> + </div> + </div> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1645" id="a1645"></a>[264] <i>Anno Dom: 1645.</i> + </p> + <p> + The comissioners this year were caled to meete to-gither at Boston, before + their ordinarie time; partly in regard of some differances falen betweene + y<sup>e</sup> French and y<sup>e</sup> govermente of the Massachusets, + about their aiding of Munseire Latore against Munsseire de Aulney, and + partly aboute y<sup>e</sup> Indeans, who had broaken y<sup>e</sup> former + agreements aboute the peace concluded y<sup>e</sup> last year. This + meeting was held at Boston, y<sup>e</sup> 28. of July. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_514" id="Page_514">[514]</a></span>Besids + some underhand assualts made on both sids, the Narigansets gathered a + great power, and fell upon Uncass, and slew many of his men, and wounded + more, by reason y<sup>t</sup> they farr exseeded him in number, and had + gott store of peeces, with which they did him most hurte. And as they did + this withoute y<sup>e</sup> knowledg and consente of y<sup>e</sup> + English, (contrary to former agreemente,) so they were resolved to + prosecute y<sup>e</sup> same, notwithstanding any thing y<sup>e</sup> + English said or should doe against them. So, being incouraged by ther late + victorie, and promise of assistance from y<sup>e</sup> Mowaks, (being a + strong, warlike, and desperate people,) they had allready devoured Uncass + & his, in their hops; and surly they had done it in deed, if the + English had not timly sett in for his aide. For those of Conightecute sent + him 40. men, who were a garison to him, till y<sup>e</sup> comissioners + could meete and take further order. + </p> + <p> + Being thus mett, they forthwith sente 3. messengers, viz. Sargent John + Davis, Benedicte Arnold, and Francis Smith, with full & ample + instructions, both to y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets and Uncass; to require + them y<sup>t</sup> they should either come in person or send sufficiente + men fully instructed to deale in y<sup>e</sup> bussines; and if they + refused or delayed, to let them know (according to former agreements) y<sup>t</sup> + the English are engaged to assiste against these hostile invasions, and y<sup>t</sup> + they have sente their men to defend Uncass, and to know of y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansets whether they will stand to y<sup>e</sup> former peace, <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_515" id="Page_515">[515]</a></span>or they + will assaulte y<sup>e</sup> English also, that they may provid + accordingly. + </p> + <p> + But y<sup>e</sup> messengers returned, not only with a sleighting, but a + threatening answer from the Narigansets (as will more appear hereafter). + Also they brought a letter from M<sup>r</sup>. Roger Williams, wherin he + assures them that y<sup>e</sup> warr would presenly breake forth, & y<sup>e</sup> + whole country would be all of a flame. And y<sup>t</sup> the sachems of y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansets had concluded a newtrality with y<sup>e</sup> English of + Providence and those of Aquidnett Iland. Wherupon y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners, considering y<sup>e</sup> great danger & provocations + offered, and y<sup>e</sup> necessitie we should be put unto of making warr + with y<sup>e</sup> Narigansetts, and being also carfull, in a matter of so + great waight & generall concernmente, to see y<sup>e</sup> way + cleared, and to give satisfaction to all y<sup>e</sup> colonies, did + thinke fitte to advise with such of y<sup>e</sup> magistrats & elders + of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets as were then at hand, and also with some of + y<sup>e</sup> cheefe millitary comanders ther; who being assembled, it was + then agreed,— + </p> + <p> + First, y<sup>t</sup> our ingagmente bound us to aide & defend Uncass. + 2. That this ayde could not be intended only to defend him & his + forte, or habitation, but (according to y<sup>e</sup> comone acceptation + of such covenants, or ingagments, considered with y<sup>e</sup> grounds or + occasion therof) so to ayde him as he might be preserved in his liberty + and estate. 3<sup>ly</sup>. That this ayde [265] must be speedy, least he + might be swalowed up in y<sup>e</sup> mean time, and <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_516" id="Page_516">[516]</a></span>so come to late. 4<sup>ly</sup>. + The justice of this warr being cleared to our selves and y<sup>e</sup> + rest then presente, it was thought meete y<sup>t</sup> the case should be + stated, and y<sup>e</sup> reasons & grounds of y<sup>e</sup> warr + declared and published. 5<sup>ly</sup>. That a day of humilliation should + be apoynted, which was y<sup>e</sup> 5. day of y<sup>e</sup> weeke + following. 6<sup>ly</sup>. It was then allso agreed by y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners that y<sup>e</sup> whole number of men to be raised in all y<sup>e</sup> + colonies should be 300. Wherof from y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets a 190. + Plimoth, 40. Conightecute, 40. New-Haven, 30. And considering y<sup>t</sup> + Uncass was in present danger, 40. men of this number were forthwith sente + from y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets for his sucoure; and it was but neede, for + y<sup>e</sup> other 40. from Conightecutt had order to stay but a month, + & their time being out, they returned; and y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets, + hearing therof, tooke the advantage, and came suddanly upon him, and gave + him another blow, to his further loss, and were ready to doe y<sup>e</sup> + like againe; but these 40. men being arrived, they returned, and did + nothing. + </p> + <p> + The declaration which they sett forth I shall not transcribe, it being + very larg, and put forth in printe, to which I referr those y<sup>t</sup> + would see y<sup>e</sup> same, in which all passages are layed open from y<sup>e</sup> + first. I shall only note their prowd carriage, and answers to y<sup>e</sup> + 3. messengers sent from y<sup>e</sup> comissioners. They received them + with scorne & contempte, and tould them they resolved to have no peace + without Uncass his head; also they gave them this further answer: that it + mattered not <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_517" id="Page_517">[517]</a></span>who + begane y<sup>e</sup> warr, they were resolved to follow it, and that y<sup>e</sup> + English should withdraw their garison from Uncass, or they would procure y<sup>e</sup> + Mowakes against them; and withall gave them this threatening answer: that + they would lay y<sup>e</sup> English catle on heaps, as high as their + houses, and y<sup>t</sup> no English-man should sturr out of his dore to + pisse, but he should be kild. And wheras they required guids to pass throw + their countrie, to deliver their message to Uncass from y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners, they deneyed them, but at length (in way of scorne) offered + them an old Pequente woman. Besids allso they conceived them selves in + danger, for whilst y<sup>e</sup> interpretour was speakeing with them + about y<sup>e</sup> answer he should returne, 3. men came & stood + behind him with ther hatchets, according to their murderous maner; but one + of his fellows gave him notice of it, so they broak of & came away; + with sundry such like affrontes, which made those Indeans they carryed + with them to rune away for fear, and leave them to goe home as they could. + </p> + <p> + Thus whilst y<sup>e</sup> comissioners in care of y<sup>e</sup> publick + peace sought to quench y<sup>e</sup> fire kindled amongst y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans, these children of strife breath out threatenings, provocations, + and warr against y<sup>e</sup> English them selves. So that, unless they + should dishonour & provoak God, by violating a just ingagmente, and + expose y<sup>e</sup> colonies to contempte & danger from y<sup>e</sup> + barbarians, they cannot but exerciese force, when no other means will + prevaile to <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_518" id="Page_518">[518]</a></span>reduse + y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets & their confederats to a more just & + sober temper. + </p> + <p> + So as here upon they went on to hasten y<sup>e</sup> preparations, + according to y<sup>e</sup> former agreemente, and sent to Plimoth to send + forth their 40. men with all speed, to lye at Seacunke, least any deanger + should befalle it, before y<sup>e</sup> rest were ready, it lying next y<sup>e</sup> + enemie, and ther to stay till y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts should joyne + with them. Allso Conigtecute & Newhaven forces were to joyne + togeather, and march with all speed, and y<sup>e</sup> Indean confederats + of those parts with them. All which was done accordingly; and the + souldiers of this place were at Seacunk, the place of their rendevouze, 8. + or 10. days before y<sup>e</sup> rest were ready; they were well armed all + with snaphance peeces, and wente under y<sup>e</sup> camand of Captain + [266] Standish. Those from other places were led likwise by able + comanders,<a name="FNanchor_EU_151" id="FNanchor_EU_151"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EU_151" class="fnanchor">[EU]</a> as Captaine Mason for + Conigtecute, &c.; and Majore Gibons was made generall over y<sup>e</sup> + whole, with such comissions & instructions as was meete. + </p> + <p> + Upon y<sup>e</sup> suden dispatch of these souldiears, (the present + necessitie requiring it,) the deputies of y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts + Courte (being now assembled im̅ediatly after y<sup>e</sup> setting + forth of their 40. men) made a question whether it was legally done, + without their comission. It was answered, that howsoever it did properly + belong to y<sup>e</sup> authority of y<sup>e</sup> severall jurisdictions + (after <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_519" id="Page_519">[519]</a></span>y<sup>e</sup> + warr was agreed upon by y<sup>e</sup> comissioners, & the number of + men) to provid y<sup>e</sup> men & means to carry on y<sup>e</sup> + warr; yet in this presente case, the proceeding of y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners and y<sup>e</sup> comission given was as sufficiente as if it + had been done by y<sup>e</sup> Generall Courte. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + First, it was a case of such presente & urgente necessitie, as could + not stay y<sup>e</sup> calling of y<sup>e</sup> Courte or Counsell. 2<sup>ly</sup>. + In y<sup>e</sup> Articles of Confederation, power is given to y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners to consult, order, & determine all affaires of warr, + &c. And y<sup>e</sup> word <i>determine</i> comprehends all acts of + authority belonging therunto. + </p> + <p> + 3<sup>ly</sup>. The comissioners are y<sup>e</sup> judges of y<sup>e</sup> + necessitie of the expedition. + </p> + <p> + 4<sup>ly</sup>. The Generall Courte have made their owne comissioners + their sole counsell for these affires. + </p> + <p> + 5<sup>ly</sup>. These counsels could not have had their due effecte + excepte they had power to proceede in this case, as they have done; + which were to make y<sup>e</sup> comissioners power, and y<sup>e</sup> + maine end of y<sup>e</sup> confederation, to be frustrate, and that + mearly for observing a ceremony. + </p> + <p> + 6<sup>ly</sup>. The comissioners haveing sole power to manage y<sup>e</sup> + warr for number of men, for time, place, &c., they only know their + owne counsells, & <i>determinations</i>, and therfore none can + grante com̅ission to acte according to these but them selves. + </p> + </div> + <p> + All things being thus in readines, and some of y<sup>e</sup> souldiers + gone forth, and the rest ready to march, the comissioners thought it meete + before any hostile acte was performed, to cause a presente to be returned, + which had been sente to y<sup>e</sup> Gove<sup>r</sup> of the + Massachusetts from y<sup>e</sup> Narigansett sachems, but not by <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_520" id="Page_520">[520]</a></span>him + received, but layed up to be accepted or refused as they should carry them + selves, and observe y<sup>e</sup> covenants. Therfore they violating the + same, & standing out thus to a warr, it was againe returned, by 2. + messengers & an interpretour. And further to let know that their men + already sent to Uncass (& other wher sent forth) have hitherto had + express order only to stand upon his & their owne defence, and not to + attempte any invasion of y<sup>e</sup> Narigansetts country; and yet if + they may have due reperation for what is past, and good securitie for y<sup>e</sup> + future, it shall appear they are as desirous of peace, and shall be as + tender of y<sup>e</sup> Narigansets blood as ever. If therefore Pessecuss, + Innemo, writh other sachemes, will (without further delay) come along with + you to Boston, the comissioners doe promise & assure them, they shall + have free liberty to come, and retourne without molestation or any just + greevance from y<sup>e</sup> English. But deputies will not now serve, nor + may the preparations in hand be now stayed, or y<sup>e</sup> directions + given recalled, till y<sup>e</sup> forementioned sagamors come, and some + further order be taken. But if they will have nothing but warr, the + English are providing, and will proceede accordingly. + </p> + <p> + Pessecouss, Mixano, & Witowash, 3. principall sachems of y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansett Indeans, and Awasequen, deputie for y<sup>e</sup> Nyanticks, + with a large traine of men, within a few days after came to Boston. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_521" id="Page_521">[521]</a></span> + And to omitte all other circomstances and debats y<sup>t</sup> past + betweene them and the comissioners, they came to this conclusion + following. + </p> + <div class="blockquot"> + <p> + [267] 1. It was agreed betwixte y<sup>e</sup> comissioners of y<sup>e</sup> + United Collonies, and y<sup>e</sup> forementioned sagamores, & + Niantick deputie, that y<sup>e</sup> said Narigansets & Niantick + sagamores should pay or cause to be payed at Boston, to y<sup>e</sup> + Massachusets comissioners, y<sup>e</sup> full sume of 2000. fathome of + good white wampame, or a third parte of black wampampeage, in 4. + payments; namely, 500. fathome within 20. days, 500. fathome within 4. + months, 500. fathome at or before next planting time, and 500. fathome. + within 2. years next after y<sup>e</sup> date of these presents; which + 2000. fathome y<sup>e</sup> comissioners accepte for satisfaction of + former charges expended. + </p> + <p> + 2. The foresaid sagamors & deputie (on y<sup>e</sup> behalfe of y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansett & Niantick Indeans) hereby promise & covenante that + they upon demand and profe satisfie & restore unto Uncass, y<sup>e</sup> + Mohigan sagamore, all such captives, whether men, or women, or children, + and all such canowes, as they or any of their men have taken, or as many + of their owne canowes in y<sup>e</sup> roome of them, full as good as + they were, with full satisfaction for all such corne as they or any of + theire men have spoyled or destroyed, of his or his mens, since last + planting time; and y<sup>e</sup> English comissioners hereby promise y<sup>t</sup> + Uncass shall doe y<sup>e</sup> like. + </p> + <p> + 3. Wheras ther are sundry differences & greevances betwixte + Narigansett & Niantick Indeans, and Uncass & his men, (which in + Uncass his absence cannot now be detirmined,) it is hearby agreed y<sup>t</sup> + Nariganset & Niantick sagamores either come them selves, or send + their deputies to y<sup>e</sup> next meeting of y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> collonies, either at New-Haven in Sep<sup>t</sup> + 1646. or sooner (upon conveniente warning, <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_522" id="Page_522">[522]</a></span>if y<sup>e</sup> said + comissioners doe meete sooner), fully instructed to declare & make + due proofe of their injuries, and to submite to y<sup>e</sup> judgmente + of y<sup>e</sup> comissioners, in giving or receiving satisfaction; and + y<sup>e</sup> said comissioners (not doubting but Uncass will either + come him selfe, or send his deputies, in like maner furnished) promising + to give a full hearing to both parties with equall justice, without any + partiall respects, according to their allegations and profs. + </p> + <p> + 4. The said Narigansett & Niantick sagamors & deputies doe + nearby promise & covenante to keep and maintaine a firme & + perpetuall peace, both with all y<sup>e</sup> English United Colonies + & their successors, and with Uncass, y<sup>e</sup> Monhegen sachem, + & his men; with Ossamequine, Pumham, Sokanoke, Cutshamakin, Shoanan, + Passaconaway, and all other Indean sagamors, and their companies, who + are in freindship with or subjecte to any of y<sup>e</sup> English; + hearby ingaging them selves, that they will not at any time hearafter + disturbe y<sup>e</sup> peace of y<sup>e</sup> cuntry, by any assaults, + hostile attempts, invasions, or other injuries, to any of y<sup>e</sup> + Unnited Collonies, or their successors; or to y<sup>e</sup> afforesaid + Indeans; either in their persons, buildings, catle, or goods, directly + or indirectly; nor will they confederate with any other against them; + & if they know of any Indeans or others y<sup>t</sup> conspire or + intend hurt against y<sup>e</sup> said English, or any Indeans subjecte + to or in freindship with them, they will without delay acquainte & + give notice therof to y<sup>e</sup> English com̅issioners, or some + of them. + </p> + <p> + Or if any questions or differences shall at any time hereafter arise or + grow betwext them & Uncass, or any Endeans before mentioned they + will, according to former ingagments (which they hearby confirme & + ratifie) first acquainte y<sup>e</sup> English, and crave their + judgments & advice therin; and will not attempte or begine any warr, + or hostille invasion, till they have liberty and alowance from y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners of y<sup>e</sup> United Collonies so to doe. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_523" id="Page_523">[523]</a></span> + 5. The said Narigansets & Niantick sagamores & deputies doe + hearby promise y<sup>t</sup> they will forthw<sup>th</sup> deliver & + restore all such Indean fugitives, or captives which have at any time + fled from any of y<sup>e</sup> English, and are now living or abiding + amongst them, or give due satisfaction for them to y<sup>e</sup> + comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets; and further, that they will + (without more delays) pay, or cause to be payed, a yearly tribute, a + month before harvest, every year after this, at Boston, to y<sup>e</sup> + English Colonies, for all such Pequents as live amongst them, according + to y<sup>e</sup> former treaty & agreemente, made at Hartford, 1638. + namly, one fathome of white wampam for every Pequente man, & halfe a + fathume for each Pequente youth, and one hand length for each mal-child. + And if Weequashcooke refuse to pay this tribute for any Pequents with + him, the Narigansetts sagamores promise to assiste y<sup>e</sup> English + against him. And they further covenante y<sup>t</sup> they will resigne + & yeeld up the whole Pequente cuntrie, and every parte of it, to y<sup>e</sup> + English collonies, as due to them by conquest. + </p> + <p> + 6. The said Narigansett & Niantick sagamores & deputie doe + hereby promise & covenante y<sup>t</sup> within 14. days they will + bring & deliver to y<sup>e</sup> Massachusetts comissioners on the + behalf of y<sup>e</sup> collonies, [268] foure of their children, viz. + Pessecous his eldest son, the sone Tassaquanawite, brother to + Pessecouss, Awashawe his sone, and Ewangsos sone, a Niantick, to be + kepte (as hostages & pledges) by y<sup>e</sup> English, till both y<sup>e</sup> + forementioned 2000. fathome of wampam be payed at y<sup>e</sup> times + appoynted, and y<sup>e</sup> differences betweexte themselves & + Uncass be heard & ordered, and till these artickles be under writen + at Boston, by Jenemo & Wipetock. And further they hereby promise + & covenante, y<sup>t</sup> if at any time hearafter any of y<sup>e</sup> + said children shall make escape, or be conveyed away from y<sup>e</sup> + English, before y<sup>e</sup> premisses be fully accomplished, they will + either bring back & deliver to y<sup>e</sup> <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_524" id="Page_524">[524]</a></span>Massachusett comissioners + y<sup>e</sup> same children, or, if they be not to be founde, such & + so many other children, to be chosen by y<sup>e</sup> comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> + United Collonies, or their assignes, and y<sup>t</sup> within 20. days + after demand, and in y<sup>e</sup> mean time, untill y<sup>e</sup> said + 4. children be delivered as hostages, y<sup>e</sup> Narigansett & + Niantick sagamors & deputy doe, freely & of their owne accorde, + leave with y<sup>e</sup> Massachusett comissioners, as pledges for + presente securitie, 4. Indeans, namely, Witowash, Pumanise, Jawashoe, + Waughwamino, who allso freely consente, and offer them selves to stay as + pledges, till y<sup>e</sup> said children be brought & delivered as + abovesaid. + </p> + <p> + 7. The comissioners for y<sup>e</sup> United Collonies doe hereby + promise & agree that, at y<sup>e</sup> charge of y<sup>e</sup> + United Collonies, y<sup>e</sup> 4. Indeans now left as pledges shall be + provided for, and y<sup>t</sup> the 4. children to be brought & + delivered as hostages shall be kepte & maintained at y<sup>e</sup> + same charge; that they will require Uncass & his men, with all other + Indean sagamors before named, to forbear all acts of hostilitie againste + y<sup>e</sup> Narigansetts and Niantick Indeans for y<sup>e</sup> + future. And further, all y<sup>e</sup> promises being duly observed + & kept by y<sup>e</sup> Narigansett & Niantick Indians and their + company, they will at y<sup>e</sup> end of 2. years restore y<sup>e</sup> + said children delivered as hostiages, and retaine a firme peace with y<sup>e</sup> + Narigansets & Nianticke Indeans and their successours. + </p> + <p> + 8. It is fully agreed by & betwixte y<sup>e</sup> said parties, y<sup>t</sup> + if any hostile attempte be made while this treaty is in hand, or before + notice of this agreemente (to stay further preparations & + directions) can be given, such attempts & y<sup>e</sup> consequencts + therof shall on neither parte be accounted a violation of this treaty, + nor a breach of y<sup>e</sup> peace hear made & concluded. + </p> + <p> + 9. The Narigansets & Niantick sagamors & deputie hereby agree + & covenante to & with y<sup>e</sup> comissioners of y<sup>e</sup> + United Collonies, y<sup>t</sup> henceforth they will neither give, + grante, sell, or in any maner alienate, any parte of their countrie, nor + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_525" id="Page_525">[525]</a></span>any + parcell of land therin, either to any of y<sup>e</sup> English or + others, without consente or allowance of y<sup>e</sup> com̅issioners. + </p> + <p> + 10. Lastly, they promise that, if any Pequente or other be found & + discovered amongst them who hath in time of peace murdered any of y<sup>e</sup> + English, he or they shall be delivered to just punishmente. + </p> + <p> + In witness wherof y<sup>e</sup> parties above named have + interchaingablie subscribed these presents, the day & year above + writen. + </p> + <div style="margin:1em 10%;"> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">John Winthrop</span>, President. + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Herbert Pelham</span>. + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Tho: Prence</span>. + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">John Browne</span>. + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Geo: Fenwick</span>. + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Edwa: Hopkins</span>. + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Theoph: Eaton</span>. + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Steven Goodyeare</span>. + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Pessecouss</span> his mark + </div> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 97px;"> + <img src="images/mark01.png" alt="Pessecouss mark" title="" /> + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Meekesano</span> his mark + </div> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 98px;"> + <img src="images/mark02.png" alt="" title="" /> + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Witowash</span> his mark + </div> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 104px;"> + <img src="images/mark03.png" alt="" title="" /> + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Aumsequen</span> his mark the Niantick deputy. + </div> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 70px;"> + <img src="images/mark04.png" alt="" title="" /> + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Abdas</span> his mark + </div> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 96px;"> + <img src="images/mark05.png" alt="" title="" /> + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Pummash</span> his mark + </div> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 191px;"> + <img src="images/mark06.png" alt="" title="" /> + </div> + <div class="left"> + <span class="smcap">Cutchamakin</span> his mark + </div> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 125px;"> + <img src="images/mark07.png" alt="" title="" /> + </div> + </div> + <p> + This treaty and agreemente betwixte the comissioners of y<sup>e</sup> + United Collonies and y<sup>e</sup> sagamores and deputy of Narrigansets + and Niantick Indeans was made and concluded, Benedicte Arnold being + interpretour upon his oath; Sergante Callicate & an Indean, his man, + being presente, and Josias & Cutshamakin, tow Indeans aquainted with + y<sup>e</sup> English language, assisting therin; who opened & + cleared the whole treaty, & every article, to y<sup>e</sup> + sagamores and deputie there presente. + </p> + </div> + <p> + And thus was y<sup>e</sup> warr at this time stayed and prevented.<span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_526" id="Page_526">[526]</a></span> + </p> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="a1646" id="a1646"></a>[269] <i>Anno Dom: 1646.</i> + </p> + <p> + About y<sup>e</sup> midle of May, this year, came in 3. ships into this + harbor, in warrlike order; they were found to be men of warr. The captains + name was Crumwell, who had taken sundrie prizes from y<sup>e</sup> + Spaniards in y<sup>e</sup> West Indies. He had a comission from y<sup>e</sup> + Earle of Warwick. He had abord his vessels aboute 80. lustie men, (but + very unruly,) who, after they came ashore, did so distemper them selves + with drinke as they became like madd-men; and though some of them were + punished & imprisoned, yet could they hardly be restrained; yet in y<sup>e</sup> + ende they became more moderate & orderly. They continued here aboute a + month or 6. weeks, and then went to y<sup>e</sup> Massachusets; in which + time they spente and scattered a great deale of money among y<sup>e</sup> + people, and yet more sine (I fear) then money, notwithstanding all y<sup>e</sup> + care & watchfullnes that was used towards them, to prevente what might + be. + </p> + <p> + In which time one sadd accidente fell out. A desperate fellow of y<sup>e</sup> + company fell a quarling with some of his company. His captine com̅anded + him to be quiet & surcease his quarelling; but he would not, but + reviled his captaine with base language, & in y<sup>e</sup> end halfe + drew his rapier, & intended to rune at his captien; but he closed with + him, and wrasted his rapier from him, and gave him a boxe on y<sup>e</sup> + earr; but he would not give over, but still assaulted his captaine. + Wherupon <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_527" id="Page_527">[527]</a></span>he + tooke y<sup>e</sup> same rapier as it was in y<sup>e</sup> scaberd, and + gave him a blow with y<sup>e</sup> hilts; but it light on his head, & + y<sup>e</sup> smal end of y<sup>e</sup> bar of y<sup>e</sup> rapier hilts + peirct his scull, & he dyed a few days after. But y<sup>e</sup> + captaine was cleared by a counsell of warr. This fellow was so desperate a + quareller as y<sup>e</sup> captaine was faine many times to chaine him + under hatches from hurting his fellows, as y<sup>e</sup> company did + testifie; and this was his end. + </p> + <p> + This Captaine Thomas Cromuell sett forth another vioage to the Westindeas, + from the Bay of the Massachusets, well maned & victuled; and was out + 3. years, and tooke sundry prises, and returned rich unto the + Massachusets, and ther dyed the same som̅ere, having gott a fall from + his horse, in which fall he fell on his rapeir hilts, and so brused his + body as he shortly after dyed therof, with some other distempers, which + brought him into a feavor. Some observed that ther might be somthing of + the hand of God herein; that as the forenamed man dyed of y<sup>e</sup> + blow he gave him with y<sup>e</sup> rapeir hilts, so his owne death was + occationed by a like means. + </p> + <hr /> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> + <a href="images/fig11_l.jpg"> <img src="images/fig11.jpg" alt="" title="" /> + </a> + </div> + <p> + This year M<sup>r</sup>. Edward Winslow went into England, upon this + occation: some discontented persons under y<sup>e</sup> govermente of the + Massachusets sought to trouble their peace, and disturbe, if not innovate, + their govermente, by laying many [270] scandals upon them; and intended to + prosecute against them in England, by petitioning & complaining to the + Parlemente. Allso <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_528" id="Page_528">[528]</a></span>Samuell + Gorton & his company made complaints against them; so as they made + choyse of M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow to be their agente, to make their + defence, and gave him comission & instructions for that end; in which + he so carried him selfe as did well answer their ends, and cleared them + from any blame or dishonour, to the shame of their adversaries. But by + reason of the great alterations in the State, he was detained longer then + was expected; and afterwards fell into other imployments their, so as he + hath now bene absente this 4. years, which hath been much to the weakning + of this govermente, without whose consente he tooke these imployments upon + him. + </p> + <p class="center"> + <a name="a1647" id="a1647"></a><i>Anno 1647. And Anno 1648.</i> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_529" id="Page_529">[529]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="APPENDIX" id="APPENDIX"></a>APPENDIX. + </h2> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_530" id="Page_530">[530]</a></span> + </p> + <hr /> + <div class="figcenter" style="width: 300px;"> + <a href="images/fig07_l.jpg"> <img src="images/fig07.jpg" + alt="Manuscript facsimile of the first appendix page." title="" /> </a> + </div> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_531" id="Page_531">[531]</a></span> + </p> + <h3> + APPENDIX. + </h3> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="no_1" id="no_1"></a>No. I. + </p> + <p class="center"> + [Passengers of the Mayflower.] + </p> + <p> + The names of those which came over first, in y<sup>e</sup> year 1620. and + were by the blessing of God the first beginers and (in a sort) the + foundation of all the Plantations and Colonies in New-England; and their + families. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 8. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. John Carver; Kathrine, his wife; Desire Minter; & 2. + man-servants, John Howland, Roger Wilder; William Latham, a boy; & a + maid servant, & a child y<sup>t</sup> was put to him, called Jasper + More. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 6. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. William Brewster; Mary, his wife; with 2. sons, whose names + were Love & Wrasling; and a boy was put to him called Richard More; + and another of his brothers. The rest of his children were left behind, + & came over afterwards. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 5. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Edward Winslow; Elizabeth, his wife; & 2. men servants, + caled Georg Sowle and Elias Story; also a litle girle was put to him, + caled Ellen, the sister of Richard More. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + William Bradford, and Dorothy, his wife; having but one child, a sone, + left behind, who came afterward. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 6. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Isaack Allerton, and Mary, his wife; with 3. children, + Bartholmew, Remember, & Mary; and a servant boy, John Hooke. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_532" id="Page_532">[532]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Samuell Fuller, and a servant, caled William Butten. His + wife was behind, & a child, which came afterwards. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + John Crakston, and his sone, John Crakston. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + Captin Myles Standish, and Rose, his wife. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Christopher Martin, and his wife, and 2. servants, Salamon + Prower and John Langemore. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 5. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. William Mullines, and his wife, and 2. children, Joseph + & Priscila; and a servant, Robart Carter. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 6. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. William White, and Susana, his wife, and one sone, caled + Resolved, and one borne a ship-bord, caled Peregriene; & 2. servants, + named William Holbeck & Edward Thomson. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 8. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Steven Hopkins, & Elizabeth, his wife, and 2. children, + caled Giles, and Constanta, a doughter, both by a former wife; and 2. more + by this wife, caled Damaris & Oceanus; the last was borne at sea; and + 2. servants, called Edward Doty and Edward Litster. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 1. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Richard Warren; but his wife and children were lefte + behind, and came afterwards. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <p> + John Billinton, and Elen, his wife; and 2. sones, John & Francis. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <p> + Edward Tillie, and Ann, his wife; and 2. children that were their cossens, + Henery Samson and Humillity Coper. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 3. + </div> + <p> + John Tillie, and his wife; and Eelizabeth, their doughter. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + Francis Cooke, and his sone John. But his wife & other children came + afterwards. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_533" id="Page_533">[533]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + Thomas Rogers, and Joseph, his sone. His other children came afterwards. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 3.<a name="FNanchor_EV_152" id="FNanchor_EV_152"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EV_152" class="fnanchor">[EV]</a> + </div> + <p> + Thomas Tinker, and his wife, and a sone. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + John Rigdale, and Alice, his wife. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 3. + </div> + <p> + James Chilton, and his wife, and Mary, their dougter. They had an other + doughter, y<sup>t</sup> was maried, came afterward. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 3. + </div> + <p> + Edward Fuller, and his wife, and Samuell, their sonne. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 3. + </div> + <p> + John Turner, and 2. sones. He had a doughter came some years after to + Salem, wher she is now living. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 3. + </div> + <p> + Francis Eaton, and Sarah, his wife, and Samuell, their sone, a yong child. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 10. + </div> + <p> + Moyses Fletcher, John Goodman, Thomas Williams, Digerie Preist, Edmond + Margeson, Peter Browne, Richard Britterige, Richard Clarke, Richard + Gardenar, Gilbart Winslow. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 1. + </div> + <p> + John Alden was hired for a cooper, at South-Hampton, wher the ship + victuled; and being a hopfull yong man, was much desired, but left to his + owne liking to go or stay when he came here; but he stayed, and maryed + here. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + John Allerton and Thomas Enlish were both hired, the later to goe m<sup>r</sup> + of a shalop here, and y<sup>e</sup> other was reputed as one of y<sup>e</sup> + company, but was to go back (being a seaman) for the help of others + behind. But they both dyed here, before the shipe returned. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_534" id="Page_534">[534]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + There were allso other 2. seamen hired to stay a year here in the country, + William Trevore, and one Ely. But when their time was out, they both + returned. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + These, bening aboute a hundred sowls, came over in this first ship; and + began this worke, which God of his goodnes hath hithertoo blesed; let his + holy name have y<sup>e</sup> praise. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + And seeing it hath pleased him to give me to see 30. years compleated + since these beginings; and that the great works of his providence are to + be observed, I have thought it not unworthy my paines to take a veiw of + the decreasings & increasings of these persons, and such changs as + hath pased over them & theirs, in this thirty years. It may be of some + use to such as come after; but, however, I shall rest in my owne benefite. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + I will therfore take them in order as they lye. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Carver and his wife dyed the first year; he in y<sup>e</sup> + spring, she in y<sup>e</sup> som̅er; also, his man Roger and y<sup>e</sup> + litle boy Jasper dyed before either of them, of y<sup>e</sup> commone + infection. Desire Minter returned to her freinds, & proved not very + well, and dyed in England. His servant boy Latham, after more then 20. + years stay in the country, went into England, and from thence to the + Bahamy Ilands in y<sup>e</sup> West Indies, and ther, with some others, + was starved for want of food. His maid servant maried, & dyed a year + or tow after, here in this place. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 15. + </div> + <p> + His servant, John Howland, maried the doughter of John Tillie, Elizabeth, + and they are both now living, and have 10. children, now all living; and + their eldest daughter hath 4. children. And ther 2. daughter, 1. all + living; and other of their children mariagable. So 15. are come of them. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_535" id="Page_535">[535]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Brewster lived to very old age; about 80. years he was when + he dyed, having lived some 23. or 24. years here in y<sup>e</sup> + countrie; & though his wife dyed long before, yet she dyed aged. His + sone Wrastle dyed a yonge man unmaried; his sone Love lived till this year + 1650. and dyed, & left 4. children, now living. His doughters which + came over after him are dead, but have left sundry children alive; his + eldst sone is still liveing, and hath 9. or 10 children; one maried, who + hath a child or 2. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <p> + Richard More his brother dyed the first winter; but he is maried, and hath + 4. or 5. children, all living. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Ed: Winslow his wife dyed the first winter; and he maried + with the widow of M<sup>r</sup>. White, and hath 2. children living by her + marigable, besids sundry that are dead. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 8. + </div> + <p> + One of his servants dyed, as also the litle girle, soone after the ships + arivall. But his man, Georg Sowle, is still living, and hath 8. childrē. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <p> + William Bradford his wife dyed soone after their arivall; and he maried + againe; and hath 4. children, 3. wherof are maried. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 8. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton his wife dyed with the first, and his servant, + John Hooke. His sone Bartle is maried in England, but I know not how many + children he hath. His doughter Remember is maried at Salem, & hath 3. + or 4. children living. And his doughter Mary is maried here, & hath 4. + children. Him selfe maried againe with y<sup>e</sup> doughter of M<sup>r</sup>. + Brewster, & hath one sone living by her, but she is long since dead. + And he is maried againe, and hath left this place long agoe. So I account + his increase to be 8. besids his sons in England. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 2. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Fuller his servant dyed at sea; and after his wife came + over, he had tow children by her, which are living and growne up to years; + but he dyed some 15. years agoe. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_536" id="Page_536">[536]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + John Crakston dyed in the first mortality; and about some 5. or 6. years + after, his sone dyed; having lost him selfe in y<sup>e</sup> wodes, his + feet became frosen, which put him into a feavor, of which he dyed. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <p> + <a name="FNanchor_EW_153" id="FNanchor_EW_153"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EW_153" class="fnanchor">[EW]</a> Captain Standish his + wife dyed in the first sicknes, and he maried againe, and hath 4. sones + liveing, and some <i>are dead</i>. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Martin, he & all his, dyed in the first infection not + long after the arivall. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 15. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Molines, and his wife, his sone, and his servant, dyed the + first winter. Only his dougter Priscila survied, and maried with John + Alden, who are both living, and have 11. children. And their eldest + daughter is maried, & hath five children. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 7. + </div> + <p> + Mr. White and his 2. servants dyed soone after ther landing. His wife + maried with M<sup>r</sup>. Winslow (as is before noted). His 2. sons are + maried, and Resolved hath 5. children, Perigrine tow, all living. So their + increase are 7. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 5. + </div> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Hopkins and his wife are now both dead, but they lived + above 20. years in this place, and had one sone and 4. doughters borne + here. Ther sone became a seaman, & dyed at Barbadoes; one daughter + dyed here, and 2. are maried; one of them hath 2. children; & one is + yet to mary. So their increase which still survive are 5. But his sone + Giles is maried, and hath 4. children. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 12. + </div> + <p> + His doughter Constanta is also maried, and hath 12. children, all of them + living, and one of them maried. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_537" id="Page_537">[537]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <p> + M<sup>r</sup>. Richard Warren lived some 4. or 5. years, and had his wife + come over to him, by whom he had 2. sons before dyed; and one of them is + maryed, and hath 2. children. So his increase is 4. But he had 5. + doughters more came over with his wife, who are all maried, & living, + & have many children. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 8. + </div> + <p> + John Billinton, after he had bene here 10. yers, was executed for killing + a man; and his eldest sone dyed before him; but his 2. sone is alive, and + maried, & hath 8. children. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 7. + </div> + <p> + Edward Tillie and his wife both dyed soon after their arivall; and the + girle Humility, their cousen, was sent for into England, and dyed ther. + But the youth Henery Samson is still liveing, and is maried, & hath 7. + children. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + John Tillie and his wife both dyed a litle after they came ashore; and + their daughter Elizabeth maried with John Howland, and hath issue as is + before noted. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 8. + </div> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <p> + Francis Cooke is still living, a very olde man, and hath seene his + childrens children have children; after his wife came over, (with other of + his children,) he hath 3. still living by her, all maried, and have 5. + children; so their encrease is 8. And his sone John, which came over with + him, is maried, and hath 4, chilldren living. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 6. + </div> + <p> + Thomas Rogers dyed in the first sicknes, but his sone Joseph is still + living, and is maried, and hath 6. children. The rest of Thomas Rogers + [children] came over, & are maried, & have many children. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + Thomas Tinker and his wife and sone all dyed in the first sicknes. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + And so did John Rigdale and his wife. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_538" id="Page_538">[538]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 10. + </div> + <p> + James Chilton and his wife also dyed in the first infection. But their + daughter Mary is still living, and hath 9. children; and one daughter is + maried, & hath a child; so their increase is 10. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <p> + Edward Fuller and his wife dyed soon after they came ashore; but their + sone Samuell is living, & maried, and hath 4. children or more. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + John Turner and his 2. sones all dyed in the first siknes. But he hath a + daugter still living at Salem, well maried, and approved of. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 4. + </div> + <div class="sidenote"> + 1. + </div> + <p> + Francis Eaton his first wife dyed in the generall sicknes; and he maried + againe, & his 2. wife dyed, & he maried the 3. and had by her 3. + children. One of them is maried, & hath a child; the other are living, + but one of them is an ideote. He dyed about 16. years 1. agoe. His sone + Samuell, who came over a sucking child, is allso maried, & hath a + child. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + Moyses Fletcher, Thomas Williams, Digerie Preist, John Goodman, Edmond + Margeson, Richard Britteridge, Richard Clarke. All these dyed sone after + their arivall, in the generall sicknes that befell. But Digerie Preist had + his wife & children sent hither afterwards, she being M<sup>r</sup>. + Allertons sister. But the rest left no posteritie here. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + Richard Gardinar became a seaman, and died in England, or at sea. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + Gilbert Winslow, after diverse years aboad here, returned into England, + and dyed ther. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <div class="sidenote"> + 6. + </div> + <p> + Peter Browne maried twise. By his first wife he had 2. children, who are + living, & both of them maried, and the one of them hath 2. children; + by his second wife he had 2. more. He dyed about 16. years since. + </p> + <p> + <br /> + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_539" id="Page_539">[539]</a></span> + </p> + <p> + Thomas English and John Allerton dyed in the generall siknes. + </p> + <p> + John Alden maried with Priscila, M<sup>r</sup>. Mollines his doughter, and + had issue by her as is before related. + </p> + <p> + Edward Doty & Edward Litster, the servants of M<sup>r</sup>. Hopkins. + Litster, after he was at liberty, went to Virginia, & ther dyed. But + Edward Doty by a second wife hath 7. children, and both he and they are + living. + </p> + <p> + Of these 100. persons which came first over in this first ship together, + the greater halfe dyed in the generall mortality; and most of them in 2. + or three monthes time. And for those which survied, though some were + ancient & past procreation, & others left y<sup>e</sup> place and + cuntrie, yet of those few remaining are sprunge up above 160. persons, in + this 30. years, and are now living in this presente year, 1650. besids + many of their children which are dead, and come not within this account. + </p> + <p> + And of the old stock (of one & other) ther are yet living this present + year, 1650. nere 30. persons. Let the Lord have y<sup>e</sup> praise, who + is the High Preserver of men. + </p> + <hr /> + <p> + <a name="FNanchor_EX_154" id="FNanchor_EX_154"></a><a + href="#Footnote_EX_154" class="fnanchor">[EX]</a> Twelfe persons liveing + of the old stock this present yeare, 1679. + </p> + <p> + Two persons liveing that came over in the first shipe 1620, this present + yeare, 1690. Resolved White and Mary Chusman,<a name="FNanchor_EY_155" + id="FNanchor_EY_155"></a><a href="#Footnote_EY_155" class="fnanchor">[EY]</a> + the daughter of M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton. + </p> + <p> + And John Cooke, the son of Frances Cooke, that came in the first ship, is + still liveing this present yeare, 1694; & Mary Cushman is still + living, this present year, 1698. + </p> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_540" id="Page_540">[540]</a></span> + </p> + <hr /> + <p class="center break"> + <a name="No_II" id="No_II"></a>No. II. + </p> + <p class="center"> + [Commission for Regulating Plantations.] + </p> + <p> + Charles by y<sup>e</sup> grace of God king of England, Scotland, France, + and Ireland, Defender of y<sup>e</sup> Faith, &c.<a + name="FNanchor_EZ_156" id="FNanchor_EZ_156"></a><a href="#Footnote_EZ_156" + class="fnanchor">[EZ]</a> + </p> + <p> + To the most Reve<sup>d</sup> father in Christ, our wellbeloved & + faithfull counsellour, William, by devine providence Archbishop of + Counterbery, of all England Primate & Metropolitan; Thomas Lord + Coventry, Keeper of our Great Seale of England; the most Reverente father + in Christ our wellbeloved and most faithful Counselour, Richard, by devine + providence Archbishop of Yorke, Primate & Metropolitan; our + wellbeloved and most faithfull coussens & Counselours, Richard, Earle + of Portland, our High Treasurer of England; Henery, Earle of Manchester, + Keeper of our Privie Seale; Thomas, Earle of Arundalle & Surry, Earle + Marshall of England; Edward, Earle of Dorsett, Chamberline of our most + dear consorte, the Queene; and our beloved & faithfull Counselours, + Francis Lord Cottington, Counseler, and Undertreasurour of our Eschequour; + S<sup>r</sup>: Thomas Edmonds, knight, Treasourer of our houshould; S<sup>r</sup>: + Henery Vane, Knight, controuler of y<sup>e</sup> same houshould; S<sup>r</sup>: + John Cooke, Knight, one of our Privie Secretaries; and Francis Windebanck, + Knight, another of our Privie Secretaries, + </p> + <p> + Wheras very many of our subjects, & of our late fathers of beloved + memory, our sovereigne lord James, late king of England, by means of + licence royall, not only with <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_541" + id="Page_541">[541]</a></span>desire of inlarging y<sup>e</sup> teritories + of our empire, but cheefly out of a pious & religious affection, & + desire of propagating y<sup>e</sup> gospell of our Lord Jesus Christ, with + great industrie & expences have caused to be planted large Collonies + of y<sup>e</sup> English nation, in diverse parts of y<sup>e</sup> world + altogether unmannred, and voyd of inhabitants, or occupied of the + barbarous people that have no knowledg of divine worship. We being willing + to provid a remedy for y<sup>e</sup> tranquillity & quietnes of those + people, and being very confidente of your faith & wisdom, justice + & providente circomspection, have constituted you y<sup>e</sup> + aforesaid Archbishop of Counterburie, Lord Keeper of y<sup>e</sup> Great + Seale of England, y<sup>e</sup> Archbishop of Yorke, &c. and any 5. or + more, of you, our Comissioners; and to you, and any 5. or more of you, we + doe give and com̅ite power for y<sup>e</sup> govermente & saftie + of y<sup>e</sup> said collonies, drawen, or which, out of y<sup>e</sup> + English nation into those parts hereafter, shall be drawne, to make lawes, + constitutions, & ordinances, pertaining ether to y<sup>e</sup> publick + state of these collonies, or y<sup>e</sup> private profite of them; and + concerning y<sup>e</sup> lands, goods, debts, & succession in those + parts, and how they shall demaine them selves, towards foraigne princes, + and their people, or how they shall bear them selves towards us, and our + subjects, as well in any foraine parts whatsoever, or on y<sup>e</sup> + seas in those parts, or in their returne sayling home; or which may + pertaine to y<sup>e</sup> clergie govermente, or to y<sup>e</sup> cure of + soules, among y<sup>e</sup> people ther living, and exercising trad in + those parts; by designing out congruente porcions arising in tithes, + oblations, & other things ther, according to your sound discretions, + in politicall & civill causes; and by haveing y<sup>e</sup> advise of + 2. or 3. bishops, for y<sup>e</sup> setling, making, & ordering of y<sup>e</sup> + bussines, for y<sup>e</sup> designeing of necessary ecclesiasticall, and + clargie porcions, which you shall cause to be called, and taken to you. + And to make provission against y<sup>e</sup> violation of those <span + class="pagenum"><a name="Page_542" id="Page_542">[542]</a></span>laws, + constitutions, and ordinances, by imposing penealties & mulets, + imprisonmente if ther be cause, and y<sup>t</sup> y<sup>e</sup> quality of + y<sup>e</sup> offence doe require it, by deprivation of member, or life, + to be inflicted. With power allso (our assente being had) to remove, & + displace y<sup>e</sup> governours or rulers of those collonies, for causes + which to you shall seeme lawfull, and others in their stead to constitute; + and require an accounte of their rule & govermente, and whom you shall + finde culpable, either by deprivation from their place, or by imposition + of a mulete upon y<sup>e</sup> goods of them in those parts to be levied, + or banishmente from those provinces in w<sup>ch</sup> they have been gove<sup>r</sup> + or otherwise to cashier according to y<sup>e</sup> quantity of y<sup>e</sup> + offence. And to constitute judges, & magistrats politicall & + civill, for civill causes and under y<sup>e</sup> power and forme, which + to you 5. or more of you shall seeme expediente. And judges & + magistrats & dignities, to causes Ecclesiasticall, and under y<sup>e</sup> + power & forme which to you 5. or more of you, with the bishops + vicegerents (provided by y<sup>e</sup> Archbishop of Counterbure for y<sup>e</sup> + time being), shall seeme expediente; and to ordaine courts, pretoriane and + tribunall, as well ecclesiasticall, as civill, of judgmentes; to detirmine + of y<sup>e</sup> formes and maner of procceedings in y<sup>e</sup> same; + and of appealing from them in matters & causes as well criminall, as + civill, personall, reale, and mixte, and to their seats of justice, what + may be equall & well ordered, and what crimes, faults, or exessess, of + contracts or injuries ought to belonge to y<sup>e</sup> Ecclesiasticall + courte, and what to y<sup>e</sup> civill courte, and seate of justice. + </p> + <p> + Provided never y<sup>e</sup> less, y<sup>t</sup> the laws, ordinances, + & constitutions of this kinde, shall not be put in execution, before + our assent be had therunto in writing under our signet, signed at least, + and this assente being had, and y<sup>e</sup> same publikly proclaimed in + y<sup>e</sup> provinces in which they are to be executed, we will & + com̅and y<sup>t</sup> those lawes, ordinances, and constitutions more + fully to obtaine strength and be observed<a name="FNanchor_FA_157" + id="FNanchor_FA_157"></a><a href="#Footnote_FA_157" class="fnanchor">[FA]</a> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_543" id="Page_543">[543]</a></span>shall + be inviolably of all men whom they shall concerne. + </p> + <p> + Notwithstanding it shall be for you, or any 5. or more of you, (as is + afforsaid,) allthough those lawes, constitutions, and ordinances shalbe + proclaimed with our royall assente, to chainge, revocke, & abrogate + them, and other new ones, in forme afforsaid, from time to time frame and + make as afforesaid; and to new evills arissing, or new dangers, to apply + new remedyes as is fitting, so often as to you it shall seeme expediente. + Furthermore you shall understand that we have constituted you, and every + 5. or more of you, the afforesaid Archbishop of Counterburie, Thomas Lord + Coventrie, Keeper of y<sup>e</sup> Great Seale of England, Richard, Bishop + of Yorke, Richard, Earle of Portland, Henery, Earle of Manchester, Thomas, + Earle of Arundale & Surry, Edward, Earell of Dorsett, Francis Lord + Cottinton, S<sup>r</sup> Thomas Edmonds,<a name="FNanchor_FB_158" + id="FNanchor_FB_158"></a><a href="#Footnote_FB_158" class="fnanchor">[FB]</a> + knighte, S<sup>r</sup> Henry Vane, knight, S<sup>r</sup> Francis + Windebanke, knight, our comissioners to hear, & determine, according + to your sound discretions, all maner of complaints either against those + collonies, or their rulers, or govenours, at y<sup>e</sup> instance of y<sup>e</sup> + parties greeved, or at their accusation brought concerning injuries from + hence, or from thence, betweene them, & their members to be moved, and + to call y<sup>e</sup> parties before you; and to the parties or to their + procurators, from hence, or from thence being heard y<sup>e</sup> full + complemente of justice to be exhibted. Giving unto you, or any 5. or more + of you power, y<sup>t</sup> if you shall find any of y<sup>e</sup> + collonies afforesaid, or any of y<sup>e</sup> cheefe rulers upon y<sup>e</sup> + jurisdictions of others by unjust possession, or usurpation, or one + against another making greevance, or in rebelion against us, or + withdrawing from our alegance, or our comandments, not obeying, + consultation first with us in y<sup>t</sup> case had, to cause those + colonies, or y<sup>e</sup> rulers of them, <span class="pagenum"><a + name="Page_544" id="Page_544">[544]</a></span>for y<sup>e</sup> causes + afforesaid, or for other just causes, either to returne to England, or to + comand them to other places designed, even as according to your sounde + discretions it shall seeme to stand with equitie, & justice, or + necessitie. Moreover, we doe give unto you, & any 5. or more of you, + power & spetiall com̅and over all y<sup>e</sup> charters, leters + patents, and rescripts royall, of y<sup>e</sup> regions, provinces, + ilands, or lands in foraigne parts, granted for raising colonies, to cause + them to be brought before you, & y<sup>e</sup> same being received, if + any thing surrepticiously or unduly have been obtained, or y<sup>t</sup> + by the same priviledges, liberties, & prerogatives hurtfull to us, or + to our crowne, or to foraigne princes, have been prejudicially suffered, + or granted; the same being better made knowne unto you 5. or more of you, + to com̅and them according to y<sup>e</sup> laws and customs of + England to be revoked, and to doe such other things, which to y<sup>e</sup> + profite & safgard of y<sup>e</sup> afforesaid collonies, and of our + subjects residente in y<sup>e</sup> same, shall be necessary. And therfore + we doe com̅and you that aboute y<sup>e</sup> premisses at days & + times, which for these things you shall make provission, that you be + diligente in attendance, as it becometh you; giving in precepte also, + & firmly injoyning, we doe give com̅and to all and singuler + cheefe rulers of provinces into which y<sup>e</sup> colonies afforesaid + have been drawne, or shall be drawne, & concerning y<sup>e</sup> + colonies themselves, & concerning others, y<sup>t</sup> have been + interest therein, y<sup>t</sup> they give atendance upon you, and be + observante and obediente unto your warrants in those affaires, as often + as, and even as in our name they shall be required, at their perill. In + testimoney wherof, we have caused these our letters to be made pattente. + Wittnes our selfe at Westminster the 28. day of Aprill, in y<sup>e</sup> + tenth year of our Raigne. + </p> + <div class="ltr_sig_blk"> + <div class="closing"> + By write from y<sup>e</sup> privie seale, + </div> + <div class="ltr_sig"> + <span class="smcap">Willies.</span> + </div> + </div> + <div class="ltr_dt_lt"> + Anno Dom: 1634. + </div> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_545" id="Page_545">[545]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + <a name="INDEX" id="INDEX"></a>INDEX. + </h2> + <hr /> + <p> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_547" id="Page_547">[547]</a></span> + </p> + <h2> + Index + </h2> + <ul> + <li> + Abdas, an Indian, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Accord Pond, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a> + </li> + <li> + Acoughcouss, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a> + </li> + <li> + Adventurers. See <i>Merchant Adventurers</i>. + </li> + <li> + Alden. John, arrested in Massachusetts, <a href="#Page_379">379.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Party to contract, <a href="#Page_452">452,</a> <a href="#Page_458">458.</a> + </li> + <li> + Settlement with, <a href="#Page_478">478,</a> <a href="#Page_481">481.</a> + </li> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536,</a> <a + href="#Page_539">539.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Alden, Robert, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Allerton, Bartholomew, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + <li> + Allerton, Isaac, <a href="#Page_62">62.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Assistant, <a href="#Page_121">121,</a> <a href="#Page_242">242.</a> + </li> + <li> + Goes to England, <a href="#Page_252">252,</a> <a href="#Page_267">267,</a> + <a href="#Page_274">274,</a> <a href="#Page_313">313,</a> <a + href="#Page_328">328.</a> + </li> + <li> + Agreement with, <a href="#Page_254">254 <i>et seq.</i></a>, <a + href="#Page_271">271,</a> <a href="#Page_272">272.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brings over Mr. Rogers, <a href="#Page_292">292.</a> + </li> + <li> + Marries Elder Brewster's daughter, <a href="#Page_305">305.</a> + </li> + <li> + Discharged, <a href="#Page_329">329,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> + <a href="#Page_358">358.</a> + </li> + <li> + Disciplined by church, <a href="#Page_349">349.</a> + </li> + <li> + Disregards his bond, <a href="#Page_357">357,</a> <a href="#Page_362">362.</a> + </li> + <li> + Referred to, <a href="#Page_276">276,</a> <a href="#Page_278">278</a>-280, + <a href="#Page_294">294,</a> <a href="#Page_296">296,</a> <a + href="#Page_297">297,</a> <a href="#Page_300">300</a>-303, <a + href="#Page_305">305</a>-312, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>-327, <a + href="#Page_335">335,</a> <a href="#Page_336">336,</a> <a + href="#Page_340">340</a>-350, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>-359, <a + href="#Page_361">361,</a> <a href="#Page_363">363</a>-369, <a + href="#Page_375">375,</a> <a href="#Page_394">394,</a> <a + href="#Page_432">432,</a> <a href="#Page_436">436,</a> <a + href="#Page_452">452.</a> + </li> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_531">531.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Allerton, John, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_539">539.</a> + </li> + <li> + Allerton, Mary, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_353">353.</a> + </li> + <li> + Allerton, Remember, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + <li> + Alltham, Emanuel, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Amsterdam, <a href="#Page_23">23,</a> <a href="#Page_66">66,</a> <a + href="#Page_70">70,</a> <a href="#Page_73">73.</a> + </li> + <li> + Anabaptistry, <a href="#Page_461">461.</a> + </li> + <li> + Andrews, Richard, adventurer, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Undertaker, <a href="#Page_275">275,</a> <a href="#Page_279">279,</a> + <a href="#Page_296">296,</a> <a href="#Page_307">307,</a> <a + href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a href="#Page_342">342,</a> <a + href="#Page_343">343,</a> <a href="#Page_394">394.</a> + </li> + <li> + Beaver sent to, <a href="#Page_431">431,</a> <a href="#Page_435">435.</a> + </li> + <li> + Takes land at Scituate, <a href="#Page_439">439.</a> + </li> + <li> + Settlement with, <a href="#Page_452">452.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letter to Freeman, <a href="#Page_482">482.</a> + </li> + <li> + Referred to, <a href="#Page_410">410,</a> <a href="#Page_412">412,</a> + <a href="#Page_414">414,</a> <a href="#Page_436">436,</a> <a + href="#Page_447">447.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Andrews, Thomas, adventurer, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Ann. See <i>Cape Ann</i>. + </li> + <li> + Anne, ship, <a href="#Page_168">168,</a> <a href="#Page_171">171,</a> <a + href="#Page_177">177,</a> <a href="#Page_215">215.</a> + </li> + <li> + Anthony, Lawrence, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Aquidnett Island, <a href="#Page_434">434,</a> <a href="#Page_461">461,</a> + <a href="#Page_515">515.</a> + </li> + <li> + Argoll, Captain, <a href="#Page_47">47,</a> <a href="#Page_48">48.</a> + </li> + <li> + Arminians, <a href="#Page_27">27,</a> <a href="#Page_28">28.</a> + </li> + <li> + Arnold, Benedict, <a href="#Page_514">514,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Ashley, Edward, <a href="#Page_307">307.</a> + <ul> + <li> + His patent and business, <a href="#Page_308">308 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Sends beaver home, <a href="#Page_318">318,</a> <a href="#Page_326">326.</a> + </li> + <li> + Trades with Indians, <a href="#Page_327">327.</a> + </li> + <li> + Referred to, <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a href="#Page_335">335,</a> + <a href="#Page_337">337,</a> <a href="#Page_339">339,</a> <a + href="#Page_346">346,</a> <a href="#Page_349">349.</a> + </li> + <li> + His death, <a href="#Page_328">328.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Assistants at Plymouth, <a href="#Page_121">121,</a> <a href="#Page_187">187.</a> + </li> + <li> + Atwood, John, agent for Sherley, <a href="#Page_449">449 <i>et seq.</i></a> + <ul> + <li> + Sherley's letter to, <a href="#Page_479">479.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Aulney, Monsieur d.', captures Penobscot, <a href="#Page_395">395,</a> + <a href="#Page_513">513.</a> + </li> + <li> + Aurelius, Marcus, <a href="#Page_24">24.</a> + </li> + <li> + Awasequin, chief, <a href="#Page_518">518,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Awashawe, Indian, <a href="#Page_523">523.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Babb, Mr., 412 + </li> + <li> + Baker, master of the Charity, <a href="#Page_202">202.</a> + </li> + <li> + Baptism, differences respecting, <a href="#Page_457">457,</a> <a + href="#Page_461">461.</a> + </li> + <li> + Barnstable, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a> + </li> + <li> + Bass, Edward, <a href="#Page_255">255,</a> <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Beastliness, <a href="#Page_459">459 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Beauchamp, John, <a href="#Page_138">138,</a> <a href="#Page_141">141,</a> + <a href="#Page_255">255,</a> <a href="#Page_256">256,</a> <a + href="#Page_275">275,</a> <a href="#Page_276">276,</a> <a + href="#Page_296">296.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Patent in his name, <a href="#Page_307">307.</a> + </li> + <li> + Referred to, <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a href="#Page_342">342,</a> + <a href="#Page_343">343,</a> <a href="#Page_368">368,</a> <a + href="#Page_394">394,</a> <a href="#Page_412">412,</a> <a + href="#Page_414">414,</a> <a href="#Page_431">431,</a> <a + href="#Page_435">435,</a> <a href="#Page_439">439,</a> <a + href="#Page_451">451.</a> + </li> + <li> + Settlement with, <a href="#Page_452">452.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Bellingham, Richard, deputy governor of Massachusetts, <a + href="#Page_399">399.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letters from, <a href="#Page_400">400,</a> <a href="#Page_461">461.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Billirike (Billerica), Pilgrims came from, <a href="#Page_69">69.</a> + </li> + <li> + Billington, Elen, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + <li> + Billington, Francis, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + <li> + Billington, John, <a href="#Page_218">218.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Loses himself, <a href="#Page_123">123.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tried for murder and executed, <a href="#Page_329">329.</a> + </li> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Billington, John, Jr., <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + <li> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_548" id="Page_548">[548]</a></span> + Blackwell, Sir Francis, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>-50, <a href="#Page_54">54.</a> + </li> + <li> + Block Island, <a href="#Page_418">418,</a> <a href="#Page_421">421.</a> + </li> + <li> + Blossom, Thomas, <a href="#Page_374">374.</a> + </li> + <li> + Boston in England, <a href="#Page_16">16.</a> + </li> + <li> + Boston in New England, <a href="#Page_342">342,</a> <a href="#Page_354">354,</a> + <a href="#Page_383">383,</a> <a href="#Page_417">417,</a> <a + href="#Page_501">501,</a> <a href="#Page_518">518.</a> + </li> + <li> + Bound Brook, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a> + </li> + <li> + Bradford, Dorothy, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + <li> + Bradford, Wm., begins writing, <a href="#Page_9">9.</a> + <ul> + <li> + W. B., <a href="#Page_62">62.</a> + </li> + <li> + Chosen governor, <a href="#Page_121">121.</a> + </li> + <li> + Illness, <a href="#Page_111">111,</a> <a href="#Page_121">121.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letter to Weston, <a href="#Page_131">131.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letter from Weston, <a href="#Page_142">142.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letter from Pickering and Greene, <a href="#Page_144">144,</a> <a + href="#Page_272">272.</a> + </li> + <li> + With others appoints Sherley and Beauchamp agents, <a + href="#Page_278">278.</a> + </li> + <li> + Patent at Kennebec, <a href="#Page_376">376.</a> + </li> + <li> + Surrenders patent, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letter from, <a href="#Page_462">462.</a> + </li> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Bradstreet, Simon, <a href="#Page_399">399,</a> <a href="#Page_513">513.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brewer, Thomas, <a href="#Page_60">60,</a> <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brewster, Jonathan, letter from, <a href="#Page_403">403.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brewster, Love, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brewster, Mary, <a href="#Page_531">531.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brewster, Wm., Elder, <a href="#Page_14">14.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Goes to Holland, <a href="#Page_22">22.</a> + </li> + <li> + Assistant to Robinson, <a href="#Page_24">24.</a> + </li> + <li> + Correspondence with Sandys and Worstenholme, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>-45. + </li> + <li> + As to going to America, <a href="#Page_53">53.</a> + </li> + <li> + Labors for sick, <a href="#Page_111">111.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letters from Pickering, Greene and Weston, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>-146. + </li> + <li> + Letter from Robinson, <a href="#Page_198">198.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letter from Roger White, <a href="#Page_248">248.</a> + </li> + <li> + Referred to, <a href="#Page_153">153,</a> <a href="#Page_205">205,</a> + <a href="#Page_208">208,</a> <a href="#Page_278">278,</a> <a + href="#Page_380">380,</a> <a href="#Page_452">452.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dies, <a href="#Page_487">487.</a> + </li> + <li> + Character, <a href="#Page_488">488 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Brewster, Wrestling, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + <li> + Bristol, England, <a href="#Page_320">320,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> + <a href="#Page_338">338,</a> <a href="#Page_340">340,</a> <a + href="#Page_347">347,</a> <a href="#Page_359">359.</a> + </li> + <li> + Britteridge, Richard, <a href="#Page_535">535,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brook, Lord, <a href="#Page_378">378.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brown, John, <a href="#Page_513">513,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brown, Peter, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Browning, Henry, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brownists, <a href="#Page_238">238.</a> + </li> + <li> + Button, Wm., dies, <a href="#Page_93">93.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Callicote, Sergeant, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Calvin, John, <a href="#Page_7">7.</a> + </li> + <li> + Capawack, <a href="#Page_117">117,</a> <a href="#Page_125">125,</a> <a + href="#Page_148">148.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cape Ann, patent for, <a href="#Page_192">192.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_202">202,</a> <a href="#Page_204">204,</a> + <a href="#Page_237">237,</a> <a href="#Page_265">265.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_90">90.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Arrive at, <a href="#Page_93">93.</a> + </li> + <li> + Explore bay of, <a href="#Page_101">101.</a> + </li> + <li> + French ship lost on, <a href="#Page_118">118.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_97">97,</a> <a href="#Page_123">123,</a> + <a href="#Page_127">127,</a> <a href="#Page_132">132,</a> <a + href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a href="#Page_153">153,</a> <a + href="#Page_154">154,</a> <a href="#Page_186">186,</a> <a + href="#Page_231">231,</a> <a href="#Page_261">261,</a> <a + href="#Page_266">266.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Carter, Robert, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + <li> + Carver, John, agent to England, <a href="#Page_40">40.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Deacon, <a href="#Page_40">40.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letter from Staresmore, 50; + <ul> + <li> + from Robinson, 58; + </li> + <li> + from S. F. <i>et al.</i>, 61; + </li> + <li> + from Cushman, 69; + </li> + <li> + from Robinson, 77; + </li> + <li> + from Weston, <a href="#Page_128">128,</a> <a href="#Page_137">137,</a> + <a href="#Page_140">140.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Keeps letter, <a href="#Page_66">66.</a> + </li> + <li> + Chosen governor, <a href="#Page_109">109.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_50">50,</a> <a href="#Page_54">54,</a> <a + href="#Page_58">58,</a> <a href="#Page_61">61,</a> <a href="#Page_63">63,</a> + <a href="#Page_67">67</a>-70, <a href="#Page_76">76,</a> <a + href="#Page_131">131.</a> + </li> + <li> + At Southampton, <a href="#Page_74">74.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dies, <a href="#Page_121">121.</a> + </li> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Carver, Kathrine, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cattle, first arrival of, <a href="#Page_189">189.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cawsumsett Neck, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a> + </li> + <li> + Charity, ship, <a href="#Page_190">190,</a> <a href="#Page_207">207.</a> + </li> + <li> + Charles I., commission by, for regulating plantations, <a + href="#Page_249">249,</a> <a href="#Page_540">540.</a> + </li> + <li> + Charles River, <a href="#Page_440">440.</a> + </li> + <li> + Charlestown, <a href="#Page_441">441.</a> + </li> + <li> + Charlton, <a href="#Page_116">116.</a> + </li> + <li> + Chauncey, Charles, invited to Plymouth, <a href="#Page_456">456,</a> <a + href="#Page_458">458.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letter from, <a href="#Page_467">467.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Chilton, James, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Chilton, Mary, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Chinnough, an Indian, <a href="#Page_513">513.</a> + </li> + <li> + Christmas at Plymouth, <a href="#Page_134">134.</a> + </li> + <li> + Church covenant, <a href="#Page_331">331.</a> + </li> + <li> + Clapham, <a href="#Page_411">411,</a> <a href="#Page_451">451.</a> + </li> + <li> + Clarke, pilot of the Mayflower, <a href="#Page_67">67.</a> + </li> + <li> + Clarke, Richard, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Clifton, Rev. Richard, <a href="#Page_14">14.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cobiseconte, <a href="#Page_376">376.</a> + </li> + <li> + Coddington, Wm., <a href="#Page_332">332,</a> <a href="#Page_399">399.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cohasset, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a> + </li> + <li> + Collier, Wm., <a href="#Page_256">256,</a> <a href="#Page_340">340,</a> + <a href="#Page_367">367.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Sherley's agent, <a href="#Page_449">449.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Colonies of New England, confederation of, <a href="#Page_496">496.</a> + </li> + <li> + Commissioners for the plantation, <a href="#Page_540">540.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Winslow petitions the, <a href="#Page_390">390.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Compact of the Pilgrims, <a href="#Page_109">109.</a> + </li> + <li> + Connecticut, <a href="#Page_371">371,</a> <a href="#Page_386">386,</a> + <a href="#Page_387">387,</a> <a href="#Page_391">391,</a> <a + href="#Page_402">402,</a> <a href="#Page_405">405,</a> <a + href="#Page_415">415,</a> <a href="#Page_419">419,</a> <a + href="#Page_424">424,</a> <a href="#Page_430">430,</a> <a + href="#Page_506">506,</a> <a href="#Page_509">509.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cooke, Francis, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537,</a> + <a href="#Page_539">539.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cooke, John, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537,</a> + <a href="#Page_539">539.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cooke, Lord, <a href="#Page_50">50.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cooper, Humility, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Coppin, Robert, Mayflower pilot, deceived, <a href="#Page_104">104.</a> + </li> + <li> + Corbitant takes Squanto, <a href="#Page_124">124,</a> <a href="#Page_136">136.</a> + </li> + <li> + Corn. See <i>Indian Corn</i>. + </li> + <li> + Cotton, Rev. John, <a href="#Page_332">332.</a> + </li> + <li> + Coventry, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Crabe, Rev. Mr., <a href="#Page_71">71.</a> + </li> + <li> + Crackston, John, family, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + <li> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_549" id="Page_549">[549]</a></span>Cromwell, + Thomas, Captain, and his crew, <a href="#Page_526">526,</a> <a + href="#Page_527">527.</a> + </li> + <li> + Crose, Daniel, murderer, escapes, <a href="#Page_432">432.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cushman, Mary, <a href="#Page_539">539.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cushman, Robert, agent to England, <a href="#Page_40">40.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letters from, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>-49. + </li> + <li> + Letter from S. F. <i>et al.</i>, <a href="#Page_61">61,</a> <a + href="#Page_62">62.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letters to S F. <i>et al.</i>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>-68; + </li> + <li> + to John Carver, <a href="#Page_69">69.</a> + </li> + <li> + to Ed. S., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>-90. + </li> + <li> + Comes in the Fortune, <a href="#Page_126">126.</a> + </li> + <li> + Condemns Weston's colonists, <a href="#Page_147">147.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letters from, <a href="#Page_172">172,</a> <a href="#Page_191">191.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_49">49,</a> <a href="#Page_50">50,</a> <a + href="#Page_54">54,</a> <a href="#Page_58">58,</a> <a href="#Page_60">60,</a> + <a href="#Page_69">69,</a> <a href="#Page_74">74</a>-76, <a + href="#Page_85">85,</a> <a href="#Page_137">137.</a> + </li> + <li> + His death, <a href="#Page_249">249.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Cutshamakin, <a href="#Page_522">522,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Damariscove Islands, <a href="#Page_137">137,</a> <a href="#Page_187">187,</a> + <a href="#Page_228">228,</a> <a href="#Page_251">251.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dartmouth, England, <a href="#Page_83">83,</a> <a href="#Page_86">86,</a> + <a href="#Page_90">90.</a> + </li> + <li> + Davenport, Lieutenant, <a href="#Page_428">428.</a> + </li> + <li> + Davidson, Wm., <a href="#Page_488">488.</a> + </li> + <li> + Davis, John, Sergeant, <a href="#Page_514">514.</a> + </li> + <li> + Delft-Haven, <a href="#Page_72">72.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dennison, Wm., <a href="#Page_343">343.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dermer, Captain, <a href="#Page_115">115,</a> <a href="#Page_118">118.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dorchester, <a href="#Page_402">402,</a> <a href="#Page_406">406.</a> + </li> + <li> + Doty, Edward, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_539">539.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dudley, Thomas, <a href="#Page_232">232,</a> <a href="#Page_342">342.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letter from, <a href="#Page_379">379.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_384">384,</a> <a href="#Page_399">399,</a> + <a href="#Page_504">504.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Dumer, Richard, <a href="#Page_399">399.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dutch, <a href="#Page_54">54,</a> <a href="#Page_196">196.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Send letters, <a href="#Page_281">281.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_370">370,</a> <a href="#Page_372">372</a>-374, + <a href="#Page_388">388.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Dutch letter, <a href="#Page_268">268.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dutchman at Hull, <a href="#Page_17">17,</a> <a href="#Page_18">18,</a> + <a href="#Page_409">409.</a> + </li> + <li> + Duxbury, <a href="#Page_362">362,</a> <a href="#Page_444">444,</a> <a + href="#Page_457">457,</a> <a href="#Page_458">458,</a> <a + href="#Page_474">474.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Earthquake in <a href="#Page_438">438,</a> <a href="#Page_437">437.</a> + </li> + <li> + Eaton, Francis, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Eaton, Samuel, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Eaton, Sarah, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Eaton, Theoph., <a href="#Page_504">504,</a> <a href="#Page_513">513,</a> + <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Elizabeth, Queen, <a href="#Page_7">7.</a> + </li> + <li> + Ely, seaman of Mayflower, <a href="#Page_533">533.</a> + </li> + <li> + Endicott, John, arrival of, with patent for Massachusetts, <a + href="#Page_286">286</a>-314. + <ul> + <li> + Letter to Governor Bradford, <a href="#Page_315">315,</a> <a + href="#Page_442">442.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + English, Thomas, seaman on the Mayflower, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> + <a href="#Page_539">539.</a> + </li> + <li> + Episcopius, <a href="#Page_28">28.</a> + </li> + <li> + Ewangsos, an Indian, <a href="#Page_523">523.</a> + </li> + <li> + Exeter jail, <a href="#Page_303">303.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Falcon, ship, <a href="#Page_410">410.</a> + </li> + <li> + Familism, <a href="#Page_461">461.</a> + </li> + <li> + Farrar, Sir George, <a href="#Page_63">63.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fast, in Holland, <a href="#Page_52">52;</a> + <ul> + <li> + in Plymouth, <a href="#Page_170">170.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Fells, Mr., <a href="#Page_264">264,</a> <a href="#Page_265">265.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fenwick, George, <a href="#Page_504">504,</a> <a href="#Page_513">513,</a> + <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fitcher, Lieutenant, at Merry-Mount, <a href="#Page_284">284,</a> <a + href="#Page_285">285.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fleet Prison, <a href="#Page_328">328,</a> <a href="#Page_393">393,</a> + <a href="#Page_447">447.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fletcher, Moses, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fletcher, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Florida, <a href="#Page_37">37.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fogg, <a href="#Page_339">339.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fort Orange, now Albany, <a href="#Page_282">282.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fortune, arrival of the, <a href="#Page_126">126.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Departs, <a href="#Page_133">133,</a> <a href="#Page_142">142.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + France, <a href="#Page_147">147,</a> <a href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a + href="#Page_448">448.</a> + </li> + <li> + Freeman, Edmund, <a href="#Page_451">451,</a> <a href="#Page_456">456.</a> + </li> + <li> + French robbery at Penobscot, <a href="#Page_350">350.</a> + </li> + <li> + French ship lost on Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_118">118,</a> <a + href="#Page_137">137.</a> + </li> + <li> + Friendship, ship, <a href="#Page_320">320,</a> <a href="#Page_328">328,</a> + <a href="#Page_329">329,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a + href="#Page_336">336,</a> <a href="#Page_338">338,</a> <a + href="#Page_342">342,</a> <a href="#Page_343">343,</a> <a + href="#Page_346">346,</a> <a href="#Page_347">347,</a> <a + href="#Page_358">358,</a> <a href="#Page_360">360,</a> <a + href="#Page_413">413,</a> <a href="#Page_455">455.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fuller, Edward, and family, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a + href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fuller, Samuel, letter from, <a href="#Page_61">61.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letters from Cushman, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>-68. + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_93">93,</a> <a href="#Page_220">220,</a> + <a href="#Page_315">315.</a> + </li> + <li> + His death, <a href="#Page_374">374.</a> + </li> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Furnival's Inn, <a href="#Page_284">284.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Galopp, John, <a href="#Page_429">429.</a> + </li> + <li> + Gardenar, Richard, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Gardiner, Sir Christopher, <a href="#Page_352">352 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Gibbons commands, <a href="#Page_518">518.</a> + </li> + <li> + Gibbs, Mr., mate of the Sparrow, <a href="#Page_275">275.</a> + </li> + <li> + Girling, expedition of, to recover Penobscot, <a href="#Page_396">396.</a> + </li> + <li> + Glover, Rev. Mr., <a href="#Page_408">408.</a> + </li> + <li> + Goffe, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256,</a> <a href="#Page_275">275.</a> + </li> + <li> + Goodman, John, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Goodyeare, Stephen, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Gorges, Sir Ferdinand, <a href="#Page_115">115,</a> <a href="#Page_180">180,</a> + <a href="#Page_300">300,</a> <a href="#Page_329">329,</a> <a + href="#Page_355">355,</a> <a href="#Page_391">391.</a> + </li> + <li> + Gorges, Robert, grant to, <a href="#Page_178">178.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Meets Mr. Weston, <a href="#Page_179">179.</a> + </li> + <li> + Arrests him, <a href="#Page_183">183.</a> + </li> + <li> + Returns to England, <a href="#Page_184">184.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Gorton, Samuel, 528 + </li> + <li> + Gosnold, Captain, names Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_94">94.</a> + </li> + <li> + Gott, Charles, <a href="#Page_316">316.</a> + </li> + <li> + Granger, Thomas, <a href="#Page_474">474.</a> + </li> + <li> + Graves, Mr., <a href="#Page_412">412.</a> + </li> + <li> + Greene, Wm., <a href="#Page_143">143,</a> <a href="#Page_144">144.</a> + </li> + <li> + Green's harbor, <a href="#Page_362">362.</a> + </li> + <li> + Gregson, Thomas, <a href="#Page_504">504,</a> <a href="#Page_513">513.</a> + </li> + <li> + Greville, Sir Fulke, <a href="#Page_46">46.</a> + </li> + <li> + Griffin, Mr., <a href="#Page_412">412.</a> + </li> + <li> + Grimsbe and Hull, <a href="#Page_18">18.</a> + </li> + <li> + Gudburn, Peter, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_550" id="Page_550">[550]</a></span> + Guiana, <a href="#Page_36">36,</a> <a href="#Page_55">55.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Hall, Mr., <a href="#Page_410">410.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hampton, <a href="#Page_332">332.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hanson, Captain, <a href="#Page_183">183.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hartford, <a href="#Page_501">501,</a> <a href="#Page_510">510.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hatherly, Timothy, <a href="#Page_256">256,</a> <a href="#Page_296">296,</a> + <a href="#Page_307">307,</a> <a href="#Page_309">309.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Arrives in Massachusetts Bay, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>-329, <a + href="#Page_334">334,</a> <a href="#Page_335">335,</a> <a + href="#Page_340">340.</a> + </li> + <li> + Affirms by oath, <a href="#Page_342">342,</a> <a href="#Page_343">343,</a> + <a href="#Page_345">345.</a> + </li> + <li> + At Bristol, <a href="#Page_347">347.</a> + </li> + <li> + Again comes to America, <a href="#Page_360">360,</a> <a + href="#Page_439">439.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Hathorne, Wm., <a href="#Page_513">513.</a> + </li> + <li> + Haynes, John, governor of Massachusetts, <a href="#Page_399">399.</a> + </li> + <li> + Heath, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hedgehog, fable of the, <a href="#Page_211">211.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hendrick, Prince, <a href="#Page_249">249.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hibbins, Wm., <a href="#Page_479">479.</a> + </li> + <li> + Higginson, Francis, <a href="#Page_317">317.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hingham, <a href="#Page_439">439.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Boundaries of, <a href="#Page_440">440,</a> <a href="#Page_442">442.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Hobbamok, an Indian, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>-125, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>-137. + </li> + <li> + Hobson, Wm., <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hocking, killed at the Kennebec, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>-384. + </li> + <li> + Holbeck, Wm., <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + <li> + Holland, <a href="#Page_15">15,</a> <a href="#Page_22">22,</a> <a + href="#Page_30">30,</a> <a href="#Page_34">34,</a> <a href="#Page_42">42,</a> + <a href="#Page_69">69,</a> <a href="#Page_71">71,</a> <a href="#Page_374">374,</a> + <a href="#Page_393">393,</a> <a href="#Page_490">490.</a> + </li> + <li> + Holland, Robert, <a href="#Page_243">243,</a> <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hooke, John, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hooker, Rev. Thomas, <a href="#Page_234">234.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hopkins, Constanta, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hopkins, Damaris, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hopkins, Edward, <a href="#Page_504">504,</a> <a href="#Page_513">513,</a> + <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hopkins, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hopkins, Giles, <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hopkins, Oceanus, born at sea, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hopkins, Stephen, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Visits Massasoit, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a> + </li> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Houghe, Atherton, <a href="#Page_399">399.</a> + </li> + <li> + Howland, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_534">534.</a> + </li> + <li> + Howland, John, falls overboard, <a href="#Page_92">92,</a> <a + href="#Page_452">452.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Hubbard, Wm., historian, <a href="#Page_329">329.</a> + </li> + <li> + Huddleston, John, letter from, <a href="#Page_150">150,</a> <a + href="#Page_151">151.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hudson, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hudson's Bay, <a href="#Page_196">196.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hudson's River, <a href="#Page_13">13.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hull, <a href="#Page_17">17,</a> <a href="#Page_18">18.</a> + </li> + <li> + Humber River, <a href="#Page_441">441.</a> + </li> + <li> + Humfray, John, <a href="#Page_399">399.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hunt, Thomas, Captain, captor of Squanto, <a href="#Page_115">115,</a> + <a href="#Page_116">116.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hunter, Rev. Joseph, <a href="#Page_151">151,</a> <a href="#Page_197">197.</a> + </li> + <li> + Hurricane at Plymouth, <a href="#Page_401">401.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Indian corn, <a href="#Page_100">100.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Pilgrims take, and later pay for, <a href="#Page_100">100,</a> <a + href="#Page_123">123.</a> + </li> + <li> + Squanto teaches how to plant, <a href="#Page_120">120.</a> + </li> + <li> + Indians raise more, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pilgrims do not yet know how to raise, <a href="#Page_152">152.</a> + </li> + <li> + Several hogs-heads secured, <a href="#Page_155">155.</a> + </li> + <li> + Each man to plant for himself, <a href="#Page_162">162.</a> + </li> + <li> + Women and children set, <a href="#Page_162">162.</a> + </li> + <li> + Fear about supply, <a href="#Page_176">176.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Indians, expected danger from, <a href="#Page_34">34,</a> <a + href="#Page_95">95.</a> + <ul> + <li> + First seen, <a href="#Page_98">98.</a> + </li> + <li> + Their corn found, <a href="#Page_99">99.</a> + </li> + <li> + About a grampus, <a href="#Page_101">101.</a> + </li> + <li> + First alarm of, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>-104, <a href="#Page_106">106.</a> + </li> + <li> + Skulking, <a href="#Page_113">113.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_119">119,</a> <a href="#Page_123">123,</a> + <a href="#Page_127">127,</a> <a href="#Page_134">134,</a> <a + href="#Page_136">136,</a> <a href="#Page_156">156,</a> <a + href="#Page_157">157.</a> + </li> + <li> + Resolve to destroy western people, <a href="#Page_158">158.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_232">232,</a> <a href="#Page_253">253,</a> + <a href="#Page_262">262.</a> + </li> + <li> + Value of wampum, <a href="#Page_282">282.</a> + </li> + <li> + Taught by Morton, <a href="#Page_286">286.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + —— Long Island, sachems of, <a href="#Page_428">428.</a> + </li> + <li> + —— Mohawks, <a href="#Page_427">427.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Kill Sassacus, <a href="#Page_430">430.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_514">514.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + —— Monhiggs beat the Narragansetts, <a href="#Page_430">430.</a> + </li> + <li> + —— Narragansetts, <a href="#Page_123">123,</a> <a + href="#Page_133">133,</a> <a href="#Page_135">135,</a> <a + href="#Page_136">136,</a> <a href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a + href="#Page_152">152,</a> <a href="#Page_186">186,</a> <a + href="#Page_282">282,</a> <a href="#Page_416">416,</a> <a + href="#Page_423">423,</a> <a href="#Page_424">424,</a> <a + href="#Page_426">426,</a> <a href="#Page_430">430,</a> 433 <a + href="#Page_496">496,</a> <a href="#Page_505">505.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Agreement with, <a href="#Page_521">521.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + —— Neepnetts, <a href="#Page_429">429.</a> + </li> + <li> + —— Nyanticks, <a href="#Page_512">512,</a> <a + href="#Page_518">518.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Agreement with, <a href="#Page_521">521.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + —— Pequots, <a href="#Page_232">232,</a> <a href="#Page_282">282,</a> + <a href="#Page_371">371,</a> <a href="#Page_415">415,</a> <a + href="#Page_416">416,</a> <a href="#Page_418">418.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Attack English, <a href="#Page_419">419,</a> <a href="#Page_420">420,</a> + <a href="#Page_423">423</a>-426, <a href="#Page_430">430,</a> <a + href="#Page_496">496,</a> <a href="#Page_505">505.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Innemo, Indian chief, <a href="#Page_518">518.</a> + </li> + <li> + Irish servants, <a href="#Page_264">264.</a> + </li> + <li> + Isle of Shoals, <a href="#Page_291">291.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Jackson, Thomas, executed, <a href="#Page_432">432.</a> + </li> + <li> + James, a physician, <a href="#Page_434">434.</a> + </li> + <li> + James I., <a href="#Page_13">13.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Dies, <a href="#Page_219">219.</a> + </li> + <li> + Named, <a href="#Page_356">356.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + James, ship, <a href="#Page_192">192.</a> + </li> + <li> + Jeffrey, Sergeant, <a href="#Page_328">328.</a> + </li> + <li> + Jenemo and Wipelock, <a href="#Page_523">523.</a> + </li> + <li> + Johnson, Rev. Francis, <a href="#Page_48">48,</a> <a href="#Page_49">49.</a> + </li> + <li> + Johnson, Mr., <a href="#Page_330">330,</a> <a href="#Page_332">332.</a> + </li> + <li> + Johnsone, alderman, <a href="#Page_47">47.</a> + </li> + <li> + Jonas, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Jones, captain of the Discovery, <a href="#Page_153">153.</a> + </li> + <li> + Jones, captain of the Mayflower, <a href="#Page_83">83.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Kean, Robert, <a href="#Page_255">255,</a> <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Kennebec, load of corn sent up the, <a href="#Page_246">246.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_267">267,</a> <a href="#Page_280">280,</a> + <a href="#Page_282">282,</a> <a href="#Page_293">293,</a> <a + href="#Page_300">300,</a> <a href="#Page_311">311,</a> <a + href="#Page_326">326,</a> <a href="#Page_348">348,</a> <a + href="#Page_379">379,</a> <a href="#Page_407">407,</a> <a + href="#Page_421">421,</a> <a href="#Page_437">437.</a> + </li> + <li> + Patent at, <a href="#Page_376">376.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Kent, <a href="#Page_70">70.</a> + </li> + <li> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_551" id="Page_551">[551]</a></span>King, + Wm., <a href="#Page_89">89.</a> + </li> + <li> + Knight, Eliza, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Knight, John, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Knowles, Myles, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Land's End, <a href="#Page_84">84.</a> + </li> + <li> + Langemore, John, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + <li> + Langrume, master of a ship, <a href="#Page_410">410,</a> <a + href="#Page_412">412.</a> + </li> + <li> + Latham, Wm., <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a> + </li> + <li> + LaTour, French governor, <a href="#Page_513">513.</a> + </li> + <li> + Laud, Wm., archbishop, <a href="#Page_391">391,</a> <a href="#Page_392">392.</a> + </li> + <li> + Lee, Lord, <a href="#Page_430">430.</a> + </li> + <li> + Levett, Christopher, <a href="#Page_179">179.</a> + </li> + <li> + Leyden, <a href="#Page_23">23,</a> <a href="#Page_54">54,</a> <a + href="#Page_56">56,</a> <a href="#Page_66">66,</a> <a href="#Page_70">70.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Departure thence, <a href="#Page_71">71.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_85">85,</a> <a href="#Page_96">96,</a> <a + href="#Page_130">130,</a> <a href="#Page_143">143,</a> <a + href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a href="#Page_189">189,</a> <a + href="#Page_216">216,</a> <a href="#Page_249">249,</a> <a + href="#Page_271">271,</a> <a href="#Page_293">293,</a> <a + href="#Page_314">314.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Lincoln, Countess of, <a href="#Page_51">51.</a> + </li> + <li> + Lincolnshire, <a href="#Page_13">13,</a> <a href="#Page_16">16.</a> + </li> + <li> + Ling, John, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Lister, Edward, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_539">539.</a> + </li> + <li> + London, <a href="#Page_69">69,</a> <a href="#Page_72">72,</a> <a + href="#Page_73">73,</a> <a href="#Page_84">84,</a> <a href="#Page_86">86,</a> + <a href="#Page_115">115,</a> <a href="#Page_195">195,</a> <a + href="#Page_244">244.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Plague in, <a href="#Page_246">246,</a> <a href="#Page_357">357,</a> + <a href="#Page_410">410.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + London bridge, fire on, <a href="#Page_367">367.</a> + </li> + <li> + Low countries, <a href="#Page_22">22,</a> <a href="#Page_26">26,</a> <a + href="#Page_121">121,</a> <a href="#Page_296">296,</a> <a + href="#Page_448">448,</a> <a href="#Page_489">489.</a> + </li> + <li> + Ludlow, Mr., <a href="#Page_428">428,</a> <a href="#Page_509">509.</a> + </li> + <li> + Lyford, John, arrives, <a href="#Page_204">204.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letters intercepted, <a href="#Page_207">207,</a> <a href="#Page_208">208.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sets up a public meeting, <a href="#Page_209">209.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cited before the court, <a href="#Page_210">210.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_213">213,</a> <a href="#Page_215">215,</a> + <a href="#Page_219">219,</a> <a href="#Page_238">238,</a> <a + href="#Page_292">292.</a> + </li> + <li> + His acknowledgment, <a href="#Page_220">220.</a> + </li> + <li> + Writes to adventurers, <a href="#Page_221">221.</a> + </li> + <li> + Their opinion of him, <a href="#Page_223">223 <i>et seq.</i></a>, <a + href="#Page_227">227,</a> <a href="#Page_229">229,</a> <a + href="#Page_230">230.</a> + </li> + <li> + Censured, <a href="#Page_232">232.</a> + </li> + <li> + Facts concerning, <a href="#Page_232">232 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Goes to Nantasket, <a href="#Page_236">236.</a> Dies, <a + href="#Page_237">237.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Lyon, ship, <a href="#Page_363">363.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Maggner, Mr., <a href="#Page_47">47.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mahue, Mr., <a href="#Page_360">360.</a> + </li> + <li> + Malabar, Cape, <a href="#Page_94">94.</a> + </li> + <li> + Manamoick (Chatham), <a href="#Page_117">117,</a> <a href="#Page_125">125,</a> + <a href="#Page_155">155,</a> <a href="#Page_262">262.</a> + </li> + <li> + Manoanscussett, <a href="#Page_281">281,</a> <a href="#Page_415">415.</a> + </li> + <li> + Manomet (Sandwich), <a href="#Page_123">123.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Pinace built at, <a href="#Page_266">266.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_281">281,</a> <a href="#Page_402">402.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Margeson, Edmond, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Marriage, first, at Plymouth, <a href="#Page_121">121.</a> + <ul> + <li> + By magistrates, <a href="#Page_393">393.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Marshfield, <a href="#Page_444">444,</a> <a href="#Page_458">458.</a> + </li> + <li> + Martin, Christopher, <a href="#Page_69">69,</a> <a href="#Page_70">70,</a> + <a href="#Page_76">76,</a> <a href="#Page_87">87,</a> <a href="#Page_88">88,</a> + <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + <li> + Martyr, Peter, <a href="#Page_164">164.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mary, Queen, <a href="#Page_7">7,</a> <a href="#Page_352">352.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mary, Queen of Scots, <a href="#Page_489">489.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mary and Anne, <a href="#Page_435">435.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mason, Captain, with Gorges, <a href="#Page_355">355,</a> <a + href="#Page_391">391,</a> <a href="#Page_392">392.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mason, John, Captain, and the Pequots, <a href="#Page_428">428,</a> <a + href="#Page_518">518.</a> + </li> + <li> + Massachusetts, location of, <a href="#Page_117">117.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Bay, <a href="#Page_149">149,</a> <a href="#Page_232">232,</a> <a + href="#Page_265">265,</a> <a href="#Page_295">295.</a> + </li> + <li> + Gorges arrives in Bay, <a href="#Page_178">178,</a> <a + href="#Page_181">181.</a> + </li> + <li> + Arrival of Ralfe Smith, <a href="#Page_314">314.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mr. Pierce and Mr. Hatherley come, <a href="#Page_319">319,</a> <a + href="#Page_320">320,</a> <a href="#Page_330">330,</a> <a + href="#Page_342">342.</a> + </li> + <li> + Gardiner in, <a href="#Page_352">352,</a> <a href="#Page_361">361.</a> + </li> + <li> + Roger Williams comes, <a href="#Page_369">369.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_371">371,</a> <a href="#Page_372">372,</a> + <a href="#Page_382">382,</a> <a href="#Page_383">383,</a> <a + href="#Page_403">403,</a> <a href="#Page_416">416,</a> <a + href="#Page_419">419,</a> <a href="#Page_433">433.</a> + </li> + <li> + Boundaries between Massachusetts and Plymouth, <a href="#Page_447">447.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Massasoit visits Plymouth, <a href="#Page_114">114.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Treaty with, <a href="#Page_114">114.</a> + </li> + <li> + Embassy to, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sends word concerning Billington, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>-125, + <a href="#Page_134">134,</a> <a href="#Page_136">136.</a> + </li> + <li> + Seeks Squanto's life, <a href="#Page_137">137.</a> + </li> + <li> + Is sick, <a href="#Page_158">158.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Masterson, Richard, <a href="#Page_50">50,</a> <a href="#Page_374">374.</a> + </li> + <li> + Maurice, Grave, dies, <a href="#Page_249">249.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mayflower, <a href="#Page_296">296.</a> + </li> + <li> + May-pole at Merry-Mount, <a href="#Page_285">285,</a> <a href="#Page_286">286.</a> + </li> + <li> + Meekesano, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Merchant adventurers, agreement with, <a href="#Page_70">70,</a> <a + href="#Page_76">76.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Weston and the, <a href="#Page_138">138,</a> <a href="#Page_143">143.</a> + </li> + <li> + As to Lyford, <a href="#Page_234">234.</a> + </li> + <li> + Broken up, <a href="#Page_237">237.</a> + </li> + <li> + Names of, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Merrimac River, <a href="#Page_160">160.</a> + </li> + <li> + Merry-Mount, <a href="#Page_284">284.</a> + </li> + <li> + Miantonimo, <a href="#Page_505">505,</a> <a href="#Page_512">512.</a> + </li> + <li> + Milford-Haven, <a href="#Page_348">348.</a> + </li> + <li> + Millsop, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Minter, Desire, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mixano, <a href="#Page_518">518.</a> + </li> + <li> + Monhegan, <a href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a href="#Page_185">185,</a> <a + href="#Page_251">251.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mononotto, an Indian, and his wife, <a href="#Page_429">429,</a> <a + href="#Page_430">430.</a> + </li> + <li> + More, Ellen, <a href="#Page_531">531.</a> + </li> + <li> + More, Jasper, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a> + </li> + <li> + More, Richard, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_533">533.</a> + </li> + <li> + Morrell, Wm., Rev., comes with Robert Gorges, <a href="#Page_185">185.</a> + </li> + <li> + Morton, George, <a href="#Page_59">59.</a> + </li> + <li> + Morton, Thomas, at Mount Wollaston, <a href="#Page_284">284 <i>et seq.</i></a> + <ul> + <li> + Arrested, <a href="#Page_291">291,</a> <a href="#Page_302">302.</a> + </li> + <li> + Imprisoned in Boston, <a href="#Page_303">303,</a> <a + href="#Page_392">392.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Mott, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mount Wollaston, <a href="#Page_284">284 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Mullines, Joseph, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mullines, Priscila, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536,</a> + <a href="#Page_539">539.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mullines, Wm., <a href="#Page_76">76.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Nacata, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a> + </li> + <li> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_552" id="Page_552">[552]</a></span>Naemschatet, + <a href="#Page_445">445.</a> + </li> + <li> + Namasket, <a href="#Page_116">116.</a> + </li> + <li> + Namassakett, <a href="#Page_124">124.</a> + </li> + <li> + Namskeket Creek, <a href="#Page_263">263.</a> + </li> + <li> + Nantasket, <a href="#Page_236">236,</a> <a href="#Page_289">289.</a> + </li> + <li> + Narragansetts. See <i>Indians</i>. + </li> + <li> + Nash, Mr., <a href="#Page_61">61,</a> <a href="#Page_62">62.</a> + </li> + <li> + Natawanute, <a href="#Page_373">373.</a> + </li> + <li> + Naumkeag (Salem), <a href="#Page_235">235,</a> <a href="#Page_316">316.</a> + </li> + <li> + Naunton, Sir Robert, <a href="#Page_38">38.</a> + </li> + <li> + Nauset (Eastham), <a href="#Page_116">116,</a> <a href="#Page_123">123,</a> + <a href="#Page_444">444.</a> + </li> + <li> + Nequamkeck, falls of, <a href="#Page_376">376.</a> + </li> + <li> + Newbald, Fria, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + New-comin, John, killed by Billington, <a href="#Page_330">330.</a> + </li> + <li> + New England, <a href="#Page_109">109,</a> <a href="#Page_115">115.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Grant from council of, <a href="#Page_167">167,</a> <a + href="#Page_169">169,</a> <a href="#Page_178">178,</a> <a + href="#Page_245">245.</a> + </li> + <li> + Confederation of plantations of, <a href="#Page_496">496.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Newfoundland, <a href="#Page_115">115.</a> + </li> + <li> + New Haven, <a href="#Page_458">458,</a> <a href="#Page_500">500</a>-502, + <a href="#Page_509">509,</a> <a href="#Page_521">521.</a> + </li> + <li> + Newtown, <a href="#Page_399">399,</a> <a href="#Page_407">407.</a> + </li> + <li> + Norton, Captain, <a href="#Page_386">386.</a> + </li> + <li> + Norton, Rev. John, <a href="#Page_408">408.</a> + </li> + <li> + Norway, <a href="#Page_19">19.</a> + </li> + <li> + Nottinghamshire, <a href="#Page_13">13.</a> + </li> + <li> + Novatians, <a href="#Page_9">9.</a> + </li> + <li> + Nowell, Increase, <a href="#Page_399">399.</a> + </li> + <li> + Nyanticks. See <i>Indians</i>. + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Old-comers, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a> + </li> + <li> + Oldham, John, <a href="#Page_206">206,</a> <a href="#Page_208">208.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Resists Captain Standish, <a href="#Page_209">209.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cited before the court, <a href="#Page_210">210.</a> + </li> + <li> + Named, <a href="#Page_216">216,</a> <a href="#Page_218">218,</a> <a + href="#Page_219">219.</a> + </li> + <li> + Comes again, <a href="#Page_229">229.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sent away, <a href="#Page_230">230.</a> + </li> + <li> + Confesses, <a href="#Page_231">231.</a> + </li> + <li> + Killed, <a href="#Page_232">232.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_237">237,</a> <a href="#Page_417">417,</a> + <a href="#Page_418">418.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Oporto, <a href="#Page_327">327,</a> <a href="#Page_343">343.</a> + </li> + <li> + Orania (Orange) fort, <a href="#Page_282">282.</a> + </li> + <li> + Ossamequine, <a href="#Page_522">522.</a> + </li> + <li> + Ouse River, <a href="#Page_441">441.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Paddy, Wm., <a href="#Page_456">456.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pampiamett, <a href="#Page_513">513.</a> + </li> + <li> + Paragon, ship, sent out by John Peirce, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>-168. + </li> + <li> + Partridge, Ralph, discusses baptism with Chauncey, <a href="#Page_457">457.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letter from, <a href="#Page_466">466.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Passaconaway, <a href="#Page_522">522.</a> + </li> + <li> + Passengers in the Mayflower, <a href="#Page_531">531 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Patrick, Captain, <a href="#Page_328">328.</a> + </li> + <li> + Patucket River, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a> + </li> + <li> + Patuxet (Plymouth), <a href="#Page_116">116.</a> + </li> + <li> + Peach, Arthur, executed for murder, <a href="#Page_432">432.</a> + </li> + <li> + Peirce, Wm., master of Paragon, <a href="#Page_169">169.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Master of the Anne, <a href="#Page_171">171,</a> <a href="#Page_186">186,</a> + <a href="#Page_202">202,</a> <a href="#Page_207">207,</a> <a + href="#Page_216">216.</a> + </li> + <li> + Comes from England, <a href="#Page_230">230,</a> <a href="#Page_232">232,</a> + <a href="#Page_234">234,</a> <a href="#Page_308">308,</a> <a + href="#Page_319">319,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a + href="#Page_361">361,</a> <a href="#Page_363">363.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letter from Virginia, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>-367, <a + href="#Page_412">412,</a> <a href="#Page_414">414.</a> + </li> + <li> + Carries Indians to West Indies, <a href="#Page_429">429.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Pelham, Herbert, <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pemaquid, <a href="#Page_401">401.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pemberton, John, <a href="#Page_208">208.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pennington, Wm., <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Penobscot, <a href="#Page_116">116,</a> <a href="#Page_309">309,</a> <a + href="#Page_326">326,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a + href="#Page_349">349,</a> <a href="#Page_350">350,</a> <a + href="#Page_382">382,</a> <a href="#Page_395">395,</a> <a + href="#Page_400">400.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pequots. See <i>Indians</i>. + </li> + <li> + Perkins, Mr., <a href="#Page_9">9.</a> + </li> + <li> + Perrin, Wm., <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pessecuss, an Indian, <a href="#Page_520">520,</a> <a href="#Page_524">524,</a> + <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Peters, Hugh, <a href="#Page_479">479 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Pickering, Edward, <a href="#Page_58">58,</a> <a href="#Page_60">60,</a> + <a href="#Page_138">138,</a> <a href="#Page_140">140,</a> <a + href="#Page_143">143.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letter to Bradford and Brewster, <a href="#Page_144">144,</a> <a + href="#Page_145">145.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Pierce, John, <a href="#Page_76">76,</a> <a href="#Page_143">143.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Likes not Weston's company, <a href="#Page_148">148.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sends the Paragon, <a href="#Page_166">166 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Charter taken in name of, <a href="#Page_167">167.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Pilgrims resolve to go to the low countries, <a href="#Page_14">14.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Fate of families left behind, <a href="#Page_20">20.</a> + </li> + <li> + Remove to Leyden, <a href="#Page_23">23.</a> + </li> + <li> + Obtain patent from Virginia company, <a href="#Page_50">50,</a> <a + href="#Page_51">51.</a> + </li> + <li> + Agreement with Weston and merchant adventurers, <a href="#Page_56">56,</a> + <a href="#Page_70">70.</a> + </li> + <li> + Their vessels, <a href="#Page_71">71,</a> <a href="#Page_72">72.</a> + </li> + <li> + Choose governor and assistants, <a href="#Page_83">83.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sail, <a href="#Page_83">83.</a> + </li> + <li> + Put back, <a href="#Page_83">83.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dismiss the Speedwell, <a href="#Page_84">84.</a> + </li> + <li> + List of the, in the Mayflower, <a href="#Page_531">531 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Descry Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_93">93.</a> + </li> + <li> + Give thanks, <a href="#Page_94">94.</a> + </li> + <li> + First see Indians, <a href="#Page_98">98.</a> + </li> + <li> + Find kettle and Indian corn, <a href="#Page_99">99.</a> + </li> + <li> + First encounter with Indians, <a href="#Page_102">102.</a> + </li> + <li> + Lay out house lots, <a href="#Page_107">107.</a> + </li> + <li> + Their compact, <a href="#Page_109">109.</a> + </li> + <li> + Choose John Carver governor, <a href="#Page_109">109.</a> + </li> + <li> + Visited by Samoset, 113; + <ul> + <li> + by Squanto and Massasoit, <a href="#Page_114">114.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Treaty with Massasoit, <a href="#Page_114">114.</a> + </li> + <li> + Harvest, <a href="#Page_127">127,</a> <a href="#Page_152">152.</a> + </li> + <li> + Their meeting house, <a href="#Page_152">152.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Pinchon, <a href="#Page_399">399,</a> <a href="#Page_404">404.</a> + </li> + <li> + Piscataqua River, <a href="#Page_160">160,</a> <a href="#Page_251">251,</a> + <a href="#Page_267">267,</a> <a href="#Page_377">377,</a> <a + href="#Page_383">383.</a> + </li> + <li> + Plague in London, <a href="#Page_246">246,</a> <a href="#Page_357">357.</a> + </li> + <li> + Plantations, commission for regulating, <a href="#Page_249">249,</a> <a + href="#Page_540">540.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pliny, <a href="#Page_201">201.</a> + </li> + <li> + Plymouth, Eng., Pilgrims put into, <a href="#Page_84">84,</a> <a + href="#Page_244">244.</a> + </li> + <li> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_553" id="Page_553">[553]</a></span> + Plymouth, N. E., <a href="#Page_1">1,</a> <a href="#Page_90">90,</a> <a + href="#Page_116">116,</a> <a href="#Page_117">117,</a> <a + href="#Page_127">127,</a> <a href="#Page_160">160,</a> <a + href="#Page_251">251,</a> <a href="#Page_314">314,</a> <a + href="#Page_332">332,</a> <a href="#Page_349">349,</a> <a + href="#Page_363">363,</a> <a href="#Page_380">380.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Bounds between, and Massachusetts, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Pocock, John, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Point Care, <a href="#Page_94">94.</a> + </li> + <li> + Point Peril, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pokanokets, <a href="#Page_116">116.</a> + </li> + <li> + Poliander, John, <a href="#Page_28">28.</a> + </li> + <li> + Portsmouth, <a href="#Page_169">169,</a> <a href="#Page_244">244,</a> <a + href="#Page_246">246.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pory, John, secretary, <a href="#Page_153">153.</a> + </li> + <li> + Powows, <a href="#Page_118">118.</a> + </li> + <li> + Poynton, Daniel, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Preist, Digerie, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Prince, Thos., chosen governor, <a href="#Page_375">375,</a> <a + href="#Page_432">432.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_380">380,</a> <a href="#Page_381">381,</a> + <a href="#Page_452">452,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Prices of live stock, <a href="#Page_436">436.</a> + </li> + <li> + Providence, <a href="#Page_515">515.</a> + </li> + <li> + Prower, Salamon, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + <li> + Punham, <a href="#Page_522">522.</a> + </li> + <li> + Pummunish, <a href="#Page_513">513,</a> <a href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Puritans, name, <a href="#Page_8">8.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Quarles, Wm., <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Rasdell, Mr., at Mt. Wollaston, <a href="#Page_284">284.</a> + </li> + <li> + Rasieres, Isaac de, <a href="#Page_269">269.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Reply to his letter, <a href="#Page_270">270,</a> <a href="#Page_281">281.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Rayner, John, Rev., <a href="#Page_419">419,</a> <a href="#Page_457">457.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letter from, <a href="#Page_464">464.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Rehoboth, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a> + </li> + <li> + Revell, John, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Reynolds, <a href="#Page_67">67.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Captain of the Speedwell, <a href="#Page_83">83.</a> + </li> + <li> + Puts back twice, <a href="#Page_83">83,</a> <a href="#Page_84">84.</a> + </li> + <li> + Referred to, <a href="#Page_147">147,</a> <a href="#Page_208">208.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Rigdale, Alice, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Rigdale, John, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Riggs, Sergeant, <a href="#Page_328">328.</a> + </li> + <li> + Robinson, John, Rev., <a href="#Page_14">14.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Goes to Holland, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>-24, <a href="#Page_27">27.</a> + </li> + <li> + Disputes with Arminius, <a href="#Page_28">28.</a> + </li> + <li> + Correspondence with Sir Edwin Sandys, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>-43; + <ul> + <li> + with Sir John Worstenholm, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>-46, <a + href="#Page_48">48,</a> <a href="#Page_54">54.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Letters to John Carver, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>-61, <a + href="#Page_77">77,</a> <a href="#Page_78">78;</a> + <ul> + <li> + to Pilgrims, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>-82, <a href="#Page_88">88,</a> + <a href="#Page_130">130,</a> <a href="#Page_153">153.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Letter to Governor Bradford, <a href="#Page_197">197;</a> + <ul> + <li> + to Wm. Brewster, <a href="#Page_198">198,</a> <a href="#Page_216">216,</a> + <a href="#Page_238">238.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Dead, <a href="#Page_247">247 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Rogers, Mr., at Plymouth, <a href="#Page_292">292.</a> + </li> + <li> + Rogers, Joseph, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Rogers, Thomas, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Rome, <a href="#Page_25">25,</a> <a href="#Page_66">66.</a> + </li> + <li> + Rookes, Newman, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Sagadahoc, wreck at, <a href="#Page_251">251.</a> + </li> + <li> + Salem, <a href="#Page_235">235,</a> <a href="#Page_295">295,</a> <a + href="#Page_316">316,</a> <a href="#Page_317">317,</a> <a + href="#Page_330">330,</a> <a href="#Page_370">370,</a> <a + href="#Page_383">383.</a> + </li> + <li> + Salt-making, <a href="#Page_191">191,</a> <a href="#Page_192">192,</a> + <a href="#Page_203">203.</a> + </li> + <li> + Saly (Saller), <a href="#Page_245">245.</a> + </li> + <li> + Samoset visits Plymouth, <a href="#Page_113">113.</a> + </li> + <li> + Samson, Henry, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sanders, John, chief of Weston's men, <a href="#Page_155">155.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sandwich, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sandys, Sir Edwin, letter from, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>-43, <a + href="#Page_46">46.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Governor of Virginia company, <a href="#Page_47">47.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Sassacus, sachem, <a href="#Page_427">427.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Killed, <a href="#Page_430">430.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Satucket, <a href="#Page_116">116.</a> + </li> + <li> + Say, Lord, <a href="#Page_378">378,</a> <a href="#Page_384">384.</a> + </li> + <li> + Scituate, <a href="#Page_440">440</a>-444, <a href="#Page_458">458.</a> + </li> + <li> + Scotland, <a href="#Page_448">448.</a> + </li> + <li> + Scott, false, <a href="#Page_351">351.</a> + </li> + <li> + Scurvy, Pilgrims suffer from, <a href="#Page_110">110.</a> + </li> + <li> + Seekonk, <a href="#Page_434">434,</a> <a href="#Page_444">444,</a> <a + href="#Page_518">518.</a> + </li> + <li> + Seneca, <a href="#Page_94">94,</a> <a href="#Page_200">200.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sharpe, Samuel, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sheriver, Mr., <a href="#Page_50">50.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sherley, James, letters to Pilgrims, <a href="#Page_189">189 <i>et seq.</i></a>, + <a href="#Page_193">193,</a> <a href="#Page_300">300,</a> <a + href="#Page_302">302,</a> <a href="#Page_304">304,</a> <a + href="#Page_321">321,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letters to Governor Bradford, <a href="#Page_275">275 <i>et seq.</i></a>, + <a href="#Page_295">295.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letters from, <a href="#Page_335">335 <i>et seq.</i></a>, <a + href="#Page_346">346,</a> <a href="#Page_359">359,</a> <a + href="#Page_367">367 <i>et seq.</i></a>, <a href="#Page_381">381,</a> + <a href="#Page_394">394,</a> <a href="#Page_410">410,</a> <a + href="#Page_412">412,</a> <a href="#Page_450">450.</a> + </li> + <li> + Settlement with, <a href="#Page_452">452.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letters to Atwood, 478; + <ul> + <li> + to partners, <a href="#Page_478">478,</a> <a href="#Page_485">485.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + His release, <a href="#Page_480">480.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_249">249,</a> <a href="#Page_255">255,</a> + <a href="#Page_256">256,</a> <a href="#Page_278">278,</a> <a + href="#Page_279">279,</a> <a href="#Page_293">293,</a> <a + href="#Page_304">304,</a> <a href="#Page_306">306,</a> <a + href="#Page_307">307,</a> <a href="#Page_309">309,</a> <a + href="#Page_313">313,</a> <a href="#Page_318">318,</a> <a + href="#Page_340">340,</a> <a href="#Page_342">342,</a> <a + href="#Page_344">344,</a> <a href="#Page_347">347</a>-350, <a + href="#Page_357">357,</a> <a href="#Page_360">360,</a> <a + href="#Page_363">363,</a> <a href="#Page_375">375,</a> <a + href="#Page_414">414,</a> <a href="#Page_415">415,</a> <a + href="#Page_431">431,</a> <a href="#Page_435">435,</a> <a + href="#Page_439">439,</a> <a href="#Page_446">446.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Shoanan, sachem, <a href="#Page_522">522.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sibsie, Mr., <a href="#Page_220">220.</a> + </li> + <li> + Skelton, Samuel, <a href="#Page_317">317.</a> + </li> + <li> + Small-pox among Indians on the Connecticut, <a href="#Page_388">388.</a> + </li> + <li> + Smith, Francis, <a href="#Page_514">514.</a> + </li> + <li> + Smith, John, <a href="#Page_23">23,</a> <a href="#Page_94">94.</a> + <ul> + <li> + His map, <a href="#Page_441">441.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Smith, John, Rev., <a href="#Page_14">14,</a> <a href="#Page_23">23.</a> + </li> + <li> + Smith, Ralph, Rev., <a href="#Page_314">314.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Resigns his ministry, <a href="#Page_418">418.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Smith, Sir Thomas, <a href="#Page_47">47.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sodomy, <a href="#Page_459">459 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Sokanoke, <a href="#Page_522">522.</a> + </li> + <li> + Southampton, <a href="#Page_67">67.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Arrive at, <a href="#Page_71">71.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_73">73,</a> <a href="#Page_87">87,</a> <a + href="#Page_88">88,</a> <a href="#Page_533">533.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Souther, Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_456">456.</a> + </li> + <li> + Southworth, Edward, letter from Robt. Cushman, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>-90. + </li> + <li> + Sowams, <a href="#Page_115">115.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sowansett River, <a href="#Page_445">445.</a> + </li> + <li> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_554" id="Page_554">[554]</a></span>Sowle, + George, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + <li> + Spain, <a href="#Page_115">115,</a> <a href="#Page_358">358.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sparrow, ship, <a href="#Page_145">145.</a> + </li> + <li> + Speedwell, ship, <a href="#Page_71">71,</a> <a href="#Page_72">72,</a> + <a href="#Page_84">84.</a> + </li> + <li> + Squanto, history of, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>-117. + <ul> + <li> + Teaches corn planting, <a href="#Page_120">120.</a> + </li> + <li> + With embassy to Massasoit, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_124">124,</a> <a href="#Page_125">125,</a> + <a href="#Page_130">130,</a> <a href="#Page_135">135,</a> <a + href="#Page_148">148.</a> + </li> + <li> + Seeks his own ends, <a href="#Page_136">136,</a> <a href="#Page_137">137.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dies, <a href="#Page_155">155.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Stamford, <a href="#Page_509">509.</a> + </li> + <li> + Standish, Myles, leads a party up Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_98">98.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Labors for sick, <a href="#Page_111">111.</a> + </li> + <li> + Goes with party about Cape Cod, <a href="#Page_155">155.</a> + </li> + <li> + Rescues some of Weston's people, <a href="#Page_159">159.</a> + </li> + <li> + Lyford's opinion of, <a href="#Page_217">217.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sent to England, <a href="#Page_245">245.</a> + </li> + <li> + Comes home, <a href="#Page_247">247,</a> <a href="#Page_252">252,</a> + <a href="#Page_272">272,</a> <a href="#Page_278">278.</a> + </li> + <li> + Arrests Morton, <a href="#Page_291">291,</a> <a href="#Page_379">379</a>-381. + </li> + <li> + Goes to the Penobscot, <a href="#Page_397">397.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_446">446,</a> <a href="#Page_452">452,</a> + <a href="#Page_458">458,</a> <a href="#Page_518">518,</a> <a + href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Standish, Rose, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + <li> + Stanton, Thomas, interpreter, <a href="#Page_428">428.</a> + </li> + <li> + Staresmore, Sabin (S. B.), <a href="#Page_46">46.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letter to Carver, <a href="#Page_50">50,</a> <a href="#Page_51">51.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Stinnings, Richard, executed for murder, <a href="#Page_432">432.</a> + </li> + <li> + Stone, Captain, influences governor of Dutch plantation, <a + href="#Page_385">385.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Killed, <a href="#Page_386">386.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_416">416,</a> <a href="#Page_418">418.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Story, Elias, <a href="#Page_531">531.</a> + </li> + <li> + Stoughton, Israel, commissioner, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a> + </li> + <li> + Stoughton, Mr., <a href="#Page_429">429.</a> + </li> + <li> + Straton, <a href="#Page_339">339.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sturgs, Thomas, <a href="#Page_481">481.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Taborites, <a href="#Page_25">25.</a> + </li> + <li> + Talbut, ship, <a href="#Page_296">296.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tarantines, <a href="#Page_125">125.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tassaquanawite, <a href="#Page_523">523.</a> + </li> + <li> + Taunton, <a href="#Page_444">444.</a> + </li> + <li> + Thanksgiving, first, <a href="#Page_126">126.</a> + </li> + <li> + Thomas, Wm., <a href="#Page_456">456.</a> + </li> + <li> + Thompson, David, at the mouth of the Piscataqua, <a href="#Page_185">185,</a> + <a href="#Page_251">251,</a> <a href="#Page_252">252.</a> + </li> + <li> + Thompson, Edward, <a href="#Page_532">532.</a> + </li> + <li> + Thorned, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Thornhill, Matthew, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tilden, Joseph, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tillie, Ann, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tillie, Edward, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tillie, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534,</a> + <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tillie, John, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534,</a> + <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tinker, Thomas, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tirrey, Arthur, <a href="#Page_481">481.</a> + </li> + <li> + Trask, Captain, <a href="#Page_328">328.</a> + </li> + <li> + Trent, River, <a href="#Page_441">441.</a> + </li> + <li> + Trevore, Wm., <a href="#Page_148">148,</a> <a href="#Page_533">533.</a> + </li> + <li> + Trumball, Wm., <a href="#Page_357">357.</a> + </li> + <li> + Tucker's Terror, <a href="#Page_94">94.</a> + </li> + <li> + Turkeys, wild, <a href="#Page_126">126.</a> + </li> + <li> + Turner, John, <a href="#Page_66">66,</a> <a href="#Page_67">67,</a> <a + href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Uncas, Monhigg chief, <a href="#Page_430">430,</a> <a href="#Page_505">505,</a> + <a href="#Page_510">510 <i>et seq.</i></a>, <a href="#Page_514">514,</a> + <a href="#Page_521">521,</a> <a href="#Page_523">523.</a> + </li> + <li> + Uncaway, <a href="#Page_509">509.</a> + </li> + <li> + Union of the New England colonies, <a href="#Page_496">496.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Vane, Sir Harry, <a href="#Page_419">419,</a> <a href="#Page_430">430.</a> + </li> + <li> + Vines, Richard, <a href="#Page_338">338.</a> + </li> + <li> + Virginia, <a href="#Page_36">36,</a> <a href="#Page_37">37,</a> <a + href="#Page_41">41,</a> <a href="#Page_49">49,</a> <a href="#Page_55">55,</a> + <a href="#Page_67">67,</a> <a href="#Page_86">86,</a> <a href="#Page_109">109,</a> + <a href="#Page_117">117,</a> <a href="#Page_127">127,</a> <a + href="#Page_138">138,</a> <a href="#Page_149">149,</a> <a + href="#Page_150">150,</a> <a href="#Page_152">152,</a> <a + href="#Page_153">153,</a> <a href="#Page_170">170,</a> <a + href="#Page_181">181.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Ship bound for, <a href="#Page_261">261,</a> <a href="#Page_265">265,</a> + <a href="#Page_266">266.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_364">364,</a> <a href="#Page_385">385,</a> + <a href="#Page_414">414.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Virginia company, <a href="#Page_38">38,</a> <a href="#Page_39">39,</a> + <a href="#Page_46">46,</a> <a href="#Page_47">47,</a> <a href="#Page_54">54,</a> + <a href="#Page_109">109.</a> + </li> + <li> + Virginia court and council, <a href="#Page_46">46.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Walloons, <a href="#Page_27">27.</a> + </li> + <li> + Wampum, value of, <a href="#Page_282">282.</a> + </li> + <li> + Ward, Thomas, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + Warren, Richard, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_537">537.</a> + </li> + <li> + Warwick, Earl of, <a href="#Page_300">300,</a> <a href="#Page_526">526.</a> + </li> + <li> + Water, first drink of, in New England, <a href="#Page_99">99.</a> + </li> + <li> + Waughwamino, <a href="#Page_524">524.</a> + </li> + <li> + Weequashcooke, <a href="#Page_523">523.</a> + </li> + <li> + Weesagascussett, <a href="#Page_289">289.</a> + </li> + <li> + Weetowish, <a href="#Page_513">513,</a> <a href="#Page_518">518,</a> <a + href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + <li> + Weld, Thomas, <a href="#Page_479">479 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + West, Francis, admiral for New England, <a href="#Page_169">169,</a> <a + href="#Page_178">178.</a> + </li> + <li> + Weston, Andrew, <a href="#Page_144">144.</a> + </li> + <li> + Weston, Thos., <a href="#Page_52">52,</a> <a href="#Page_54">54</a>-56, + <a href="#Page_59">59,</a> <a href="#Page_60">60,</a> <a href="#Page_62">62,</a> + <a href="#Page_63">63,</a> <a href="#Page_67">67,</a> <a href="#Page_69">69,</a> + <a href="#Page_74">74,</a> <a href="#Page_88">88.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Writes Governor Carver, <a href="#Page_128">128,</a> <a + href="#Page_129">129.</a> + </li> + <li> + Sends fishing vessel, <a href="#Page_137">137.</a> + </li> + <li> + Letters to Mr. Carver, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>-140. + </li> + <li> + Letter to Governor Bradford, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>-144. + </li> + <li> + Remarks in letter of Pickering and Greene, <a href="#Page_145">145.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_141">141,</a> <a href="#Page_146">146,</a> + <a href="#Page_149">149,</a> <a href="#Page_150">150,</a> <a + href="#Page_166">166,</a> <a href="#Page_178">178,</a> <a + href="#Page_186">186,</a> <a href="#Page_189">189.</a> + </li> + <li> + His people in trouble, <a href="#Page_154">154 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Comes in disguise, <a href="#Page_160">160.</a> + </li> + <li> + His ingratitude, <a href="#Page_161">161.</a> + </li> + <li> + Arrives with small ship, <a href="#Page_179">179.</a> + </li> + <li> + Cited before Robert Gorges, <a href="#Page_179">179 <i>et seq.</i></a> + </li> + <li> + Arrested, <a href="#Page_183">183.</a> + </li> + <li> + Dies, <a href="#Page_184">184.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Westminster, <a href="#Page_411">411.</a> + </li> + <li> + Weymouth, <a href="#Page_442">442.</a> + </li> + <li> + White, Mr., counsellor, <a href="#Page_234">234.</a> + </li> + <li> + White, John, Rev., <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + <li> + White, Peregrine, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + <li> + White, Resolved, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_536">536,</a> + <a href="#Page_539">539.</a> + </li> + <li> + <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_555" id="Page_555">[555]</a></span>White, + Roger, letter from, <a href="#Page_248">248.</a> + </li> + <li> + White, Susannah, <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + <li> + White, Wm., <a href="#Page_532">532,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535,</a> <a + href="#Page_536">536.</a> + </li> + <li> + White Angel, ship, <a href="#Page_320">320,</a> <a href="#Page_321">321,</a> + <a href="#Page_326">326,</a> <a href="#Page_328">328,</a> <a + href="#Page_329">329,</a> <a href="#Page_333">333</a>-335, <a + href="#Page_337">337,</a> <a href="#Page_338">338,</a> <a + href="#Page_343">343,</a> <a href="#Page_344">344,</a> <a + href="#Page_346">346,</a> <a href="#Page_350">350,</a> <a + href="#Page_361">361,</a> <a href="#Page_364">364,</a> <a + href="#Page_390">390,</a> <a href="#Page_394">394,</a> <a + href="#Page_395">395,</a> <a href="#Page_413">413,</a> <a + href="#Page_455">455.</a> + </li> + <li> + Wilder, Roger, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_534">534.</a> + </li> + <li> + Wilkinson, Ed., master of the Falcon, <a href="#Page_410">410,</a> <a + href="#Page_412">412.</a> + </li> + <li> + Willett, Thomas, agent at Penobscot, <a href="#Page_395">395.</a> + </li> + <li> + Williams, Roger, <a href="#Page_369">369 <i>et seq.</i></a> + <ul> + <li> + Pacifies Indians, <a href="#Page_434">434,</a> <a href="#Page_515">515.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Williams, Thomas, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Willson, Mr., surgeon, <a href="#Page_430">430.</a> + </li> + <li> + Wilson, John, <a href="#Page_332">332.</a> + </li> + <li> + Wincot, Jacob, <a href="#Page_51">51.</a> + </li> + <li> + Winnisimmet, <a href="#Page_289">289.</a> + </li> + <li> + Winslow, Edward, <a href="#Page_62">62.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Visits Massasoit, <a href="#Page_122">122.</a> + </li> + <li> + Visits Captain Huddleston, <a href="#Page_151">151.</a> + </li> + <li> + Brings cattle, <a href="#Page_189">189.</a> + </li> + <li> + Comes from England, <a href="#Page_230">230.</a> + </li> + <li> + Calls Lyford a knave, <a href="#Page_236">236.</a> + </li> + <li> + Goes up the Kennebec, <a href="#Page_247">247.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_134">134,</a> <a href="#Page_177">177,</a> + <a href="#Page_191">191,</a> <a href="#Page_208">208,</a> <a + href="#Page_216">216,</a> <a href="#Page_234">234,</a> <a + href="#Page_242">242,</a> <a href="#Page_244">244,</a> <a + href="#Page_251">251,</a> <a href="#Page_278">278,</a> <a + href="#Page_300">300,</a> <a href="#Page_312">312,</a> <a + href="#Page_319">319,</a> <a href="#Page_329">329,</a> <a + href="#Page_333">333,</a> <a href="#Page_336">336,</a> <a + href="#Page_337">337,</a> <a href="#Page_344">344,</a> <a + href="#Page_346">346,</a> <a href="#Page_350">350,</a> <a + href="#Page_357">357,</a> <a href="#Page_380">380,</a> <a + href="#Page_384">384,</a> <a href="#Page_392">392</a>-394, <a + href="#Page_408">408,</a> <a href="#Page_442">442,</a> <a + href="#Page_446">446,</a> <a href="#Page_452">452,</a> <a + href="#Page_513">513,</a> <a href="#Page_527">527.</a> + </li> + <li> + Chosen governor, <a href="#Page_366">366,</a> <a href="#Page_409">409,</a> + <a href="#Page_507">507.</a> + </li> + <li> + In England, <a href="#Page_389">389.</a> + </li> + <li> + Petition of, <a href="#Page_390">390.</a> + </li> + <li> + Family, <a href="#Page_531">531,</a> <a href="#Page_535">535.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Winslow, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_531">531.</a> + </li> + <li> + Winslow, Gilbert, <a href="#Page_533">533,</a> <a href="#Page_538">538.</a> + </li> + <li> + Winslow, Josias, <a href="#Page_452">452.</a> + </li> + <li> + Winthrop, John, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>-332, <a href="#Page_342">342.</a> + <ul> + <li> + Letters from, <a href="#Page_354">354,</a> <a href="#Page_417">417,</a> + <a href="#Page_420">420,</a> <a href="#Page_427">427.</a> + </li> + <li> + Mentioned, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>-384, <a href="#Page_399">399,</a> + <a href="#Page_446">446,</a> <a href="#Page_504">504,</a> <a + href="#Page_525">525.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Wollaston, Captain, <a href="#Page_283">283.</a> + <ul> + <li> + His ventures, <a href="#Page_284">284.</a> + </li> + </ul> + </li> + <li> + Worstenholme, Sir John, <a href="#Page_43">43,</a> <a href="#Page_45">45,</a> + <a href="#Page_47">47.</a> + </li> + <li> + Wraight, Henry, <a href="#Page_256">256.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Yarmouth, <a href="#Page_444">444,</a> <a href="#Page_445">445.</a> + </li> + <li> + Yeardley, Sir Geo., <a href="#Page_47">47.</a> + </li> + <li> + Yonge, Joseph, <a href="#Page_435">435.</a> + </li> + <li> + Yorkshire, <a href="#Page_13">13.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <ul> + <li> + Zealand, <a href="#Page_17">17.</a> + </li> + <li> + Ziska, <a href="#Page_25">25.</a> + </li> + </ul> + <div class="footnotes"> + <h3> + FOOTNOTES: + </h3> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span + class="label">[A]</span></a> The Hon. Charles Francis Adams. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span + class="label">[B]</span></a> Lib. 2 Chap. 22. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span + class="label">[C]</span></a> In the text, parentheses are used + frequently, apparently in place of commas. For this reason, many are + omitted in the reprint. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span + class="label">[D]</span></a> Acts & Mon: pag. 1587. editi: 2. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_5"><span + class="label">[E]</span></a> Ens: lib: 6. Chap. 42. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_F_6" id="Footnote_F_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_6"><span + class="label">[F]</span></a> Pag. 421. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_G_7" id="Footnote_G_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_7"><span + class="label">[G]</span></a> A note of the author at this place, + written subsequent to this portion of the narrative, on the reverse + pages of his History. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_H_8" id="Footnote_H_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_H_8"><span + class="label">[H]</span></a> All these and subsequent passages are + quoted from the Geneva version of the Bible. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_I_9" id="Footnote_I_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_I_9"><span + class="label">[I]</span></a> Em: meter: lib: 25. col. 119. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_J_10" id="Footnote_J_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_J_10"><span + class="label">[J]</span></a> The reformed churches shapen much neerer + y<sup>e</sup> primitive patterne <i>then England</i>, for they + cashered y<sup>e</sup> Bishops w<sup>ith</sup> al their courts, + cannons, and ceremoneis, at the first; and left them amongst y<sup>e</sup> + popish tr.... to c̅h w<sup>ch</sup> they pertained. (The last + word in the note is uncertain in the MS.) + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_K_11" id="Footnote_K_11"></a><a href="#FNanchor_K_11"><span + class="label">[K]</span></a> Goulden booke, &c. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_L_12" id="Footnote_L_12"></a><a href="#FNanchor_L_12"><span + class="label">[L]</span></a> S<sup>r</sup> Robert Nanton. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_M_13" id="Footnote_M_13"></a><a href="#FNanchor_M_13"><span + class="label">[M]</span></a> <span class="smcap">Note</span>.—O + sacred bond, whilst inviollably preserved! how sweete and precious + were the fruits that flowed from y<sup>e</sup> same, but when this + fidelity decayed, then their ruine approached. O that these anciente + members had not dyed, or been dissipated, (if it had been the will of + God) or els that this holy care and constante faithfullnes had still + lived, and remained with those that survived, and were in times + afterwards added unto them. But (alass) that subtill serpente hath + slylie wound in himselfe under faire pretences of necessitie and y<sup>e</sup> + like, to untwiste these sacred bonds and tyes, and as it were + insensibly by degrees to dissolve, or in a great measure to weaken, y<sup>e</sup> + same. I have been happy, in my first times, to see, and with much + comforte to injoye, the blessed fruits of this sweete communion, but + it is now a parte of my miserie in old age, to find and feele y<sup>e</sup> + decay and wante therof (in a great measure), and with greefe and + sorrow of hart to lamente & bewaile y<sup>e</sup> same. And for + others warning and admonnition, and my owne humiliation, doe I hear + note y<sup>e</sup> same. + </p> + <p> + [The above reflections of the author were penned at a later period, on + the reverse pages of his History, at this place.] + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_N_14" id="Footnote_N_14"></a><a href="#FNanchor_N_14"><span + class="label">[N]</span></a> Bishops. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_O_15" id="Footnote_O_15"></a><a href="#FNanchor_O_15"><span + class="label">[O]</span></a> M<sup>r</sup>. Tho: Weston, &c. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_P_16" id="Footnote_P_16"></a><a href="#FNanchor_P_16"><span + class="label">[P]</span></a> <i>Yowthers</i> in the manuscript, an + illegibly written word, doubtless intended for "y<sup>e</sup> others." + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_Q_17" id="Footnote_Q_17"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Q_17"><span + class="label">[Q]</span></a> This word is enclosed in brackets in the + manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_R_18" id="Footnote_R_18"></a><a href="#FNanchor_R_18"><span + class="label">[R]</span></a> In Governor Bradford's Collection of + Letters, these subscribers are thus wrote out at length: <span + class="smcap">Samuel Fuller, William Bradford, Isaac Allerton, Ed. + Winslow</span>.—<i>Prince.</i> + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_S_19" id="Footnote_S_19"></a><a href="#FNanchor_S_19"><span + class="label">[S]</span></a> June 11. O. S. is Lord's day, and + therefore 't is likely the date of this letter should be June 10, the + same with the date of the letter following.—<i>Prince.</i> + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_T_20" id="Footnote_T_20"></a><a href="#FNanchor_T_20"><span + class="label">[T]</span></a> He was a minister. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_U_21" id="Footnote_U_21"></a><a href="#FNanchor_U_21"><span + class="label">[U]</span></a> Of some 60 tune. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_V_22" id="Footnote_V_22"></a><a href="#FNanchor_V_22"><span + class="label">[V]</span></a> Heb. 11. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_W_23" id="Footnote_W_23"></a><a href="#FNanchor_W_23"><span + class="label">[W]</span></a> This was about 22. of July. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_X_24" id="Footnote_X_24"></a><a href="#FNanchor_X_24"><span + class="label">[X]</span></a> It was well for them y<sup>t</sup> this + was not accepted. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_Y_25" id="Footnote_Y_25"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Y_25"><span + class="label">[Y]</span></a> This letter is omitted in Governor + Bradford's <i>Collection of Letters.</i>—<i>Prince.</i> + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_Z_26" id="Footnote_Z_26"></a><a href="#FNanchor_Z_26"><span + class="label">[Z]</span></a> In Governor Bradford's <i>Collection of + Letters</i>, this is Edward Southworth.—<i>Prince.</i> + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AA_27" id="Footnote_AA_27"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AA_27"><span class="label">[AA]</span></a> He was + governour in y<sup>e</sup> biger ship, & M<sup>r</sup>. Cushman + assistante. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AB_28" id="Footnote_AB_28"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AB_28"><span class="label">[AB]</span></a> I thinke he + was deceived in these things. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AC_29" id="Footnote_AC_29"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AC_29"><span class="label">[AC]</span></a> This was + found true afterward. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AD_30" id="Footnote_AD_30"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AD_30"><span class="label">[AD]</span></a> In the + manuscript it is "strive dayly," but a pen has been drawn through the + latter word. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AE_31" id="Footnote_AE_31"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AE_31"><span class="label">[AE]</span></a> For + Governor Bradford's list of passengers in the Mayflower, see Appendix, + No. I. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AF_32" id="Footnote_AF_32"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AF_32"><span class="label">[AF]</span></a> Because y<sup>ey</sup> + tooke much of y<sup>t</sup> fishe ther. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AG_33" id="Footnote_AG_33"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AG_33"><span class="label">[AG]</span></a> Epist: 53. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AH_34" id="Footnote_AH_34"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AH_34"><span class="label">[AH]</span></a> Act. 28. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AI_35" id="Footnote_AI_35"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AI_35"><span class="label">[AI]</span></a> Deu: 26. 5, + 7. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AJ_36" id="Footnote_AJ_36"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AJ_36"><span class="label">[AJ]</span></a> 107 Psa: v. + 1, 2, 4, 5, 8. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AK_37" id="Footnote_AK_37"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AK_37"><span class="label">[AK]</span></a> Which was + this author him selfe. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AL_38" id="Footnote_AL_38"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AL_38"><span class="label">[AL]</span></a> Page 17. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AM_39" id="Footnote_AM_39"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AM_39"><span class="label">[AM]</span></a> <i>Thing</i> + in the manuscript + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AN_40" id="Footnote_AN_40"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AN_40"><span class="label">[AN]</span></a> She came y<sup>e</sup> + 9. to y<sup>e</sup> Cap. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AO_41" id="Footnote_AO_41"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AO_41"><span class="label">[AO]</span></a> Nay, they + were faine to spare y<sup>e</sup> shipe some to carry her home. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AP_42" id="Footnote_AP_42"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AP_42"><span class="label">[AP]</span></a> <i>Yeeled</i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AQ_43" id="Footnote_AQ_43"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AQ_43"><span class="label">[AQ]</span></a> <i>Adventures</i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AR_44" id="Footnote_AR_44"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AR_44"><span class="label">[AR]</span></a> I know not + w<sup>ch</sup> way. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AS_45" id="Footnote_AS_45"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AS_45"><span class="label">[AS]</span></a> <i>Adventures</i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AT_46" id="Footnote_AT_46"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AT_46"><span class="label">[AT]</span></a> See how his + promisss is fulfild. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AU_47" id="Footnote_AU_47"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AU_47"><span class="label">[AU]</span></a> <i>But y<sup>e</sup></i> + [he] <i>left not his own men a bite of bread.</i> + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AV_48" id="Footnote_AV_48"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AV_48"><span class="label">[AV]</span></a> The number + is repeated in the Ms. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AW_49" id="Footnote_AW_49"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AW_49"><span class="label">[AW]</span></a> Mr. Hunter + writes, "Here is an error in Bradford's pagination. He passes from 79 + to 90. No part of the manuscript is here lost." 79 is repeated in the + paging. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AX_50" id="Footnote_AX_50"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AX_50"><span class="label">[AX]</span></a> <i>W<sup>th</sup></i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AY_51" id="Footnote_AY_51"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AY_51"><span class="label">[AY]</span></a> <i>They</i> + in the MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_AZ_52" id="Footnote_AZ_52"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_AZ_52"><span class="label">[AZ]</span></a> I may not + here omite how, notwithstand all their great paines & industrie, + and y<sup>e</sup> great hops of a large cropp, the Lord seemed to + blast, & take away the same, and to threaten further & more + sore famine unto them, by a great drought which continued from y<sup>e</sup> + 3. weeke in May, till about y<sup>e</sup> midle of July, without any + raine, and with great heat (for y<sup>e</sup> most parte), insomuch as + y<sup>e</sup> corne begane to wither away, though it was set with + fishe, the moysture wherof helped it much. Yet at length it begane to + languish sore, and some of y<sup>e</sup> drier grounds were partched + like withered hay, part wherof was never recovered. Upon which they + sett a parte a solemne day of humilliation, to seek y<sup>e</sup> Lord + by humble & fervente prayer, in this great distrese. And he was + pleased to give them a gracious & speedy answer, both to their + owne, & the Indeans admiration, that lived amongest them. For all + y<sup>e</sup> morning, and greatest part of the day, it was clear + weather & very hotte, and not a cloud or any signe of raine to be + seen, yet toward evening it begane to overcast, and shortly after to + raine, with shuch sweete and gentle showers, as gave them cause of + rejoyceing, & blesing God. It came, without either wind, or + thunder, or any violence, and by degreese in y<sup>t</sup> abundance, + as that y<sup>e</sup> earth was thorowly wete and soked therwith. + Which did so apparently revive & quicken y<sup>e</sup> decayed + corne & other fruits, as was wonderfull to see, and made y<sup>e</sup> + Indeans astonished to behold; and afterwards the Lord sent them shuch + seasonable showers, with enterchange of faire warme weather, as, + through his blessing, caused a fruitfull & liberall harvest, to + their no small comforte and rejoycing. For which mercie (in time + conveniente) they also sett aparte a day of thanksgiveing. This being + overslipt in its place, I thought meet here to inserte y<sup>e</sup> + same. + </p> + <p> + [The above is written on the reverse of page 103 of the original, and + should properly be inserted here. This passage, "being overslipt in + its place," the author at first wrote it, or the most of it, under the + preceding year; but, discovering his error before completing it, drew + his pen across it, and wrote beneath, "This is to be here rased out, + and is to be placed on page 103, wher it is inserted."] + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BA_53" id="Footnote_BA_53"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BA_53"><span class="label">[BA]</span></a> <i>On.</i> + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BB_54" id="Footnote_BB_54"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BB_54"><span class="label">[BB]</span></a> I. R. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BC_55" id="Footnote_BC_55"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BC_55"><span class="label">[BC]</span></a> This proved + rather, a propheti, then advice. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BD_56" id="Footnote_BD_56"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BD_56"><span class="label">[BD]</span></a> <i>Contend</i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BE_57" id="Footnote_BE_57"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BE_57"><span class="label">[BE]</span></a> In MS. also + 145. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BF_58" id="Footnote_BF_58"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BF_58"><span class="label">[BF]</span></a> In MS. also + 146. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BG_59" id="Footnote_BG_59"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BG_59"><span class="label">[BG]</span></a> He dyed + afterwards at Bristoll, in y<sup>e</sup> time of the warrs, of y<sup>e</sup> + sicknes in y<sup>t</sup> place. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BH_60" id="Footnote_BH_60"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BH_60"><span class="label">[BH]</span></a> With her + flages, & streamers, pendents, & wastcloaths, &c. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BI_61" id="Footnote_BI_61"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BI_61"><span class="label">[BI]</span></a> <i>And</i> + is repeated in the MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BJ_62" id="Footnote_BJ_62"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BJ_62"><span class="label">[BJ]</span></a> <i>Adventures</i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BK_63" id="Footnote_BK_63"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BK_63"><span class="label">[BK]</span></a> He means + Mr. Robinson. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BL_64" id="Footnote_BL_64"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BL_64"><span class="label">[BL]</span></a> But this + lasted not long, they had now provided Lyford & others to send + over. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BM_65" id="Footnote_BM_65"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BM_65"><span class="label">[BM]</span></a> It is + worthy to be observed, how y<sup>e</sup> Lord doth chaing times & + things; for what is now more plentifull then wine? and that of y<sup>e</sup> + best, coming from Malago, y<sup>e</sup> Cannaries, and other places, + sundry ships lading in a year. So as ther is now more cause to + complaine of y<sup>e</sup> excess and y<sup>e</sup> abuse of wine + (through mens corruption) even to drunkennes, then of any defecte or + wante of the same. Witnes this year 1646. The good Lord lay not y<sup>e</sup> + sins & unthankfullnes of men to their charge in this perticuler. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BN_66" id="Footnote_BN_66"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BN_66"><span class="label">[BN]</span></a> This was + John Oldome & his like. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BO_67" id="Footnote_BO_67"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BO_67"><span class="label">[BO]</span></a> M<sup>r</sup>. + Westons men. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BP_68" id="Footnote_BP_68"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BP_68"><span class="label">[BP]</span></a> <i>Notabe</i> + in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BQ_69" id="Footnote_BQ_69"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BQ_69"><span class="label">[BQ]</span></a> Plin: lib: + 18. chap. 2. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BR_70" id="Footnote_BR_70"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BR_70"><span class="label">[BR]</span></a> Of wh<sup>ch</sup> + were many witneses. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BS_71" id="Footnote_BS_71"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BS_71"><span class="label">[BS]</span></a> Jer. 41. 6. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BT_72" id="Footnote_BT_72"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BT_72"><span class="label">[BT]</span></a> 121 is + repeated in the paging of the original. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BU_73" id="Footnote_BU_73"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BU_73"><span class="label">[BU]</span></a> <i>Inurious</i> + in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BV_74" id="Footnote_BV_74"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BV_74"><span class="label">[BV]</span></a> <i>Receive</i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BW_75" id="Footnote_BW_75"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BW_75"><span class="label">[BW]</span></a> This was + Lyford himselfe. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BX_76" id="Footnote_BX_76"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BX_76"><span class="label">[BX]</span></a> <i>Is it + not</i> in the MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BY_77" id="Footnote_BY_77"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BY_77"><span class="label">[BY]</span></a> <i>Bet-</i> + in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_BZ_78" id="Footnote_BZ_78"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_BZ_78"><span class="label">[BZ]</span></a> If I + mistake not, it was not much less. [30<sup>li</sup> in the + manuscript.] + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CA_79" id="Footnote_CA_79"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CA_79"><span class="label">[CA]</span></a> First + written as in the text, then altered to <i>standerss</i>. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CB_80" id="Footnote_CB_80"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CB_80"><span class="label">[CB]</span></a> Note. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CC_81" id="Footnote_CC_81"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CC_81"><span class="label">[CC]</span></a> Here occurs + another error in the paging of the original; 142 is omitted. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CD_82" id="Footnote_CD_82"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CD_82"><span class="label">[CD]</span></a> Below are + the names of the adventurers subscribed to this paper, taken from + Bradford's Letter-Book, 1 Mass. Hist. Coll., III. 48; being forty-two + in number. The names of six of these persons are found subsequently + among the members of the Massachusetts Company, viz. John White, John + Pocock, Thomas Goffe, Samuel Sharpe, John Revell, and Thomas Andrews. + Mr. Haven, who edited the Records of the Massachusetts Company, is of + opinion that the first person on the list is the celebrated clergyman + of Dorchester, the reputed author of the Planter's Plea. Emnu. Alltham + is probably the same person named in the Council Records, under date + January 21. 1622-3: "Emanuel Altum to command the Pinnace built for + Mr. Peirce's Plantation." Smith speaks of "Captaine <i>Altom</i>" as + commanding this vessell, but Morton says the name of the master of the + Little James was Mr. Bridges, who it appears was drowned at + Damariscove, in March, 1624. See Coll. of the Amer. Antiq. Soc., III. + 26, 62, Preface; Felt's MS. Memoranda from the Council Records; + Smith's Generall Historie, p. 239; Morton's Memorial, p. 48. + </p> + <p> + <br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">John White,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">John Pocock,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Kean,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward Bass,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">William Hobson,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">William Penington,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">William Quarles,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Daniel Poynton,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Andrews,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Newman Rookes,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Browning,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Wright,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">John Ling,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Goffe,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel Sharpe,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Holland,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">James Sherley,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Mott,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Fletcher,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Timothy Hatherly,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Brewer,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">John Thorned,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Myles Knowles,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">William Collier,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">John Revell,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter Gudburn,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Emnu. Alltham,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">John Beauchamp,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Hudson,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Andrews,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Ward,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Fria. Newbald,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Heath,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph Tilden,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">William Perrin,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliza Knight,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Coventry,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Allden,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Lawrence Anthony,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">John Knight,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Matthew Thornhill,</span><br /> <span + style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Millsop.</span><br /> + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CE_83" id="Footnote_CE_83"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CE_83"><span class="label">[CE]</span></a> The + orthography of some of these words differs from the modern way of + spelling them; and we have no means of ascertaining the accuracy of + Bradford's copy from the original letter. This passage may be rendered + thus:— + </p> + <p> + "Noble, worshipful, wise, and prudent Lords, the Governor and + Councillors residing in New Plymouth, our very dear friends:—The + Director and Council of New Netherland wish to your Lordships, + worshipful, wise, and prudent, happiness in Christ Jesus our Lord, + with prosperity and health, in soul and body." + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CF_84" id="Footnote_CF_84"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CF_84"><span class="label">[CF]</span></a> Nov. 6. + 1627. Page 238. [Reference is here made to the page of the original + manuscript.] + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CG_85" id="Footnote_CG_85"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CG_85"><span class="label">[CG]</span></a> 155 omitted + in original MS.—<span class="smcap">Com</span>. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CH_86" id="Footnote_CH_86"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CH_86"><span class="label">[CH]</span></a> Another + leter of his, that should have bene placed before:— + </p> + <p> + We cannot but take notice how y<sup>e</sup> Lord hath been pleased to + crosse our proseedings, and caused many disasters to befale us therin. + I conceive y<sup>e</sup> only reason to be, we, or many of us, aimed + at other ends then Gods glorie; but now I hope y<sup>t</sup> cause is + taken away; the bargen being fully concluded, as farr as our powers + will reach, and confirmed under our hands & seals, to M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton & y<sup>e</sup> rest of his & your copartners. But + for my owne parte, I confess as I was loath to hinder y<sup>e</sup> + full confirming of it, being y<sup>e</sup> first propounder ther of at + our meeting; so on y<sup>e</sup> other side, I was as unwilling to set + my hand to y<sup>e</sup> sale, being y<sup>e</sup> receiver of most + part of y<sup>e</sup> adventurs, and a second causer of much of y<sup>e</sup> + ingagments; and one more threatened, being most envied & aimed at + (if they could find any stepe to ground their malice on) then any + other whosoever. I profess I know no just cause they ever had, or + have, so to doe; neither shall it ever be proved y<sup>t</sup> I have + wronged them or any of y<sup>e</sup> adventurers, wittingly or + willingly, one peny in y<sup>e</sup> disbursing of so many pounds in + those 2. years trouble. No, y<sup>e</sup> sole cause why they maligne + me (as I & others conceived) was y<sup>t</sup> I would not side + with them against you, & the going over of y<sup>e</sup> Leyden + people. But as I then card not, so now I litle fear what they can doe; + yet charge & trouble I know they may cause me to be at. And for + these reasons, I would gladly have perswaded the other 4. to have + sealed to this bargaine, and left me out, but they would not; so + rather then it should faile, M<sup>r</sup>. Alerton having taken so + much pains, I have sealed with y<sup>e</sup> rest; with this proviso + & promise of his, y<sup>t</sup> if any trouble arise hear, you are + to bear halfe y<sup>e</sup> charge. Wherfore now I doubt not but you + will give your generallitie good contente, and setle peace amongst + your selves, and peace with the natives; and then no doubt but y<sup>e</sup> + God of Peace will blese your going out & your returning, and cause + all y<sup>t</sup> you sett your hands unto to prosper; the which I + shall ever pray y<sup>e</sup> Lord to grante if it be his blessed + will. Asuredly unless y<sup>e</sup> Lord be mercifull unto us & y<sup>e</sup> + whole land in generall, our estate & condition is farr worse then + yours. Wherfore if y<sup>e</sup> Lord should send persecution or + trouble hear, (which is much to be feared,) and so should put into our + minds to flye for refuge, I know no place safer then to come to you, + (for all Europ is at varience one with another, but cheefly w<sup>th</sup> + us,) not doubting but to find such frendly entertainmente as shall be + honest & conscionable, notwithstanding what hath latly passed. For + I profess in y<sup>e</sup> word of an honest man, had it not been to + procure your peace & quiet from some turbulent spirites hear, I + would not have sealed to this last deed; though you would have given + me all my adventure and debte ready downe. Thus desiring y<sup>e</sup> + Lord to blesse & prosper you, I cease ever resting, + </p> + <p> + <br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Your faithfull & loving + friend,</span><br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">to my power,</span><br /> + <span style="margin-left: 1em;"><span class="smcap">James Sherley</span>.</span><br /> + </p> + <p> + <br /> <span style="margin-left: 1em;">Des: 27.</span><br /> + </p> + <p> + [The above letter was written on the reverse of page 154 of the + original manuscript.] + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CI_87" id="Footnote_CI_87"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CI_87"><span class="label">[CI]</span></a> Peag. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CJ_88" id="Footnote_CJ_88"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CJ_88"><span class="label">[CJ]</span></a> 1629, May + 25, the first letter concerning the former company of Leyden people.—<i>Prince.</i> + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CK_89" id="Footnote_CK_89"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CK_89"><span class="label">[CK]</span></a> 1629-30, + March 8th, the second letter concerning the latter company of Leyden + people.—<i>Prince.</i> + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CL_90" id="Footnote_CL_90"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CL_90"><span class="label">[CL]</span></a> This word + is here substituted for <i>recovering</i> in the manuscript, on the + authority of Bradford's Letter-Book. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CM_91" id="Footnote_CM_91"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CM_91"><span class="label">[CM]</span></a> This + paragraph is written on the reverse of the page immediately preceding, + in the original manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CN_92" id="Footnote_CN_92"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CN_92"><span class="label">[CN]</span></a> <i>Fractions</i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CO_93" id="Footnote_CO_93"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CO_93"><span class="label">[CO]</span></a> Thomas + Willett. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CP_94" id="Footnote_CP_94"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CP_94"><span class="label">[CP]</span></a> 177 is + omitted in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CQ_95" id="Footnote_CQ_95"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CQ_95"><span class="label">[CQ]</span></a> Oporto, + called by the Dutch <i>Port a port</i>. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CR_96" id="Footnote_CR_96"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CR_96"><span class="label">[CR]</span></a> Hubbard, on + page 101, notices the execution of Billington as taking place "about + September" of this year. "The murtherer expected that, either for want + of power to execute for capital offences, or for want of people to + increase the plantation, he should have his life spared; but justice + otherwise determined, and rewarded him, the first murtherer of his + neighbour there, with the deserved punishment of death, for a warning + to others." The first offence committed in the colony was by + Billington, in 1621, who, for contempt of the Captain's lawful + command, with opprobious speeches, was adjudged to have his neck and + heels tied together. Prince, I. 103, from Bradford's pocket-book. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CS_97" id="Footnote_CS_97"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CS_97"><span class="label">[CS]</span></a> This + paragraph was written on the reverse of page 180 of the original + manuscript, near this place. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CT_98" id="Footnote_CT_98"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CT_98"><span class="label">[CT]</span></a> W<sup>th</sup> + in manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CU_99" id="Footnote_CU_99"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CU_99"><span class="label">[CU]</span></a> This was + about y<sup>e</sup> selling y<sup>e</sup> ship in Spaine. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CV_100" id="Footnote_CV_100"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CV_100"><span class="label">[CV]</span></a> They were + too short in resting on M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherleys honest word, for his + order to discharg them from y<sup>e</sup> Friendship's accounte, when + he and M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton made y<sup>e</sup> bargane with them, + and they delivered them the rest of the goods; and therby gave them + oppertunitie also to receive all the fraight of boath viages, without + seeing an order (to have such power) under their hands in writing, + which they never doubted of, seeing he affirmed he had power; and they + both knew his honestie, and y<sup>t</sup> he was spetially imployed + for their agente at this time. And he was as shorte in resting on a + verball order from them; which was now denyed, when it came to a + perticuler of loss; but he still affirmed the same. But they were both + now taught how to deale in y<sup>e</sup> world, espetially with + marchants, in such cases. But in y<sup>e</sup> end this light upon + these here also, for M<sup>r</sup>. Allerton had gott all into his + owne hand, and M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley was not able to pay it, except + they would have uterlie undon him, as y<sup>e</sup> sequell will + manifest. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CW_101" id="Footnote_CW_101"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CW_101"><span class="label">[CW]</span></a> This + comission is abused; he never had any for shuch end, as they well + knew, nether had they any to pay this money, nor would have paid a + peny, if they had not pleased for some other respecte. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CX_102" id="Footnote_CX_102"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CX_102"><span class="label">[CX]</span></a> <i>o</i> + in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CY_103" id="Footnote_CY_103"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CY_103"><span class="label">[CY]</span></a> The last + two words not found in the MS. but obviously intended. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_CZ_104" id="Footnote_CZ_104"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_CZ_104"><span class="label">[CZ]</span></a> About y<sup>e</sup> + Whit-Angell they all mette at a certaine taverne in London, wher they + had a diner prepared, and had a conference with a factore aboute + selling of her in Spaine, or at Port a porte, as hath been before + mentioned; as M<sup>r</sup>. Hatherley manifested, & M<sup>r</sup>. + Allerton could not deney. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DA_105" id="Footnote_DA_105"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DA_105"><span class="label">[DA]</span></a> Mr. + Winslow deposed, y<sup>e</sup> same time, before y<sup>e</sup> Gov<sup>r</sup> + afore said, &c. that when he came into England, and the partners + inquired of y<sup>e</sup> success of y<sup>e</sup> Whit Angell, which + should have been laden w<sup>th</sup> bass and so sent for Port. of + Porting-gall, and their ship & goods to be sould; having informed + them that they were like to faile in their lading of bass, that then M<sup>r</sup>. + James Sherley used these termes: Feck, we must make one accounte of + all; and ther upon presed him, as agente for y<sup>e</sup> partners in + Neu-England, to accepte y<sup>e</sup> said ship Whit-Angell, and her + accounte, into y<sup>e</sup> joynte partner-ship; which he refused, + for many reasons; and after received instructions from New-Engl: to + refuse her if she should be offered, which instructions he shewed + them; and wheras he was often pressed to accept her, he ever refused + her, &c. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DB_106" id="Footnote_DB_106"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DB_106"><span class="label">[DB]</span></a> So as a + while before, wheras their great care was how to pay the purchase, and + those other few debts which were upon them, now it was with them as it + was some times with Saule's father, who left careing for y<sup>e</sup> + Asses, and sorrowed for his sonn. 1. Sam. 10. 2. So that which before + they looked at as a heavie burthen, they now esteeme but a small thing + and a light mater, in comparison of what was now upon them. And thus y<sup>e</sup> + Lord oftentimes deals with his people to teach them, and humble them, + that he may doe them good in y<sup>e</sup> later end. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DC_107" id="Footnote_DC_107"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DC_107"><span class="label">[DC]</span></a> This word + is obscure in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DD_108" id="Footnote_DD_108"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DD_108"><span class="label">[DD]</span></a> The above + paragraph was written on the reverse of page 188 of the original + manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DE_109" id="Footnote_DE_109"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DE_109"><span class="label">[DE]</span></a> The + following account of Sir Christopher Gardiner, with the documents + accompanying it, extending to page 357, does not appear in the text of + the original manuscript,—having been perhaps inadvertently + omitted,—but was written on the reverse of pages 189-191. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DF_110" id="Footnote_DF_110"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DF_110"><span class="label">[DF]</span></a> That is, + in the original manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DG_111" id="Footnote_DG_111"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DG_111"><span class="label">[DG]</span></a> <i>Rea</i>-in + the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DH_112" id="Footnote_DH_112"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DH_112"><span class="label">[DH]</span></a> This + letter was written on the reverse of folio 192 of the original + manuscript, and may be properly inserted here. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DI_113" id="Footnote_DI_113"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DI_113"><span class="label">[DI]</span></a> March 22. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DJ_114" id="Footnote_DJ_114"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DJ_114"><span class="label">[DJ]</span></a> The skin + was sold at 14<sup>s</sup>. and 15. y<sup>e</sup> pound. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DK_115" id="Footnote_DK_115"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DK_115"><span class="label">[DK]</span></a> Ther was + cause enough of these feares, which arise by y<sup>e</sup> + underworking of some enemies to y<sup>e</sup> churches here, by which + this Com̅ission following was procured from his Ma<sup>tie</sup>. + (See this paper in appendix, No. 11.) + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DL_116" id="Footnote_DL_116"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DL_116"><span class="label">[DL]</span></a> And y<sup>e</sup> + skin at 14<sup>s</sup>. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DM_117" id="Footnote_DM_117"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DM_117"><span class="label">[DM]</span></a> That is, + "If you please." + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DN_118" id="Footnote_DN_118"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DN_118"><span class="label">[DN]</span></a> The two + paragraphs above were written on the reverse of folios 202 and 203 of + the original manuscript, under this year. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DO_119" id="Footnote_DO_119"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DO_119"><span class="label">[DO]</span></a> Blank in + the original. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DP_120" id="Footnote_DP_120"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DP_120"><span class="label">[DP]</span></a> <i>They</i> + in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DQ_121" id="Footnote_DQ_121"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DQ_121"><span class="label">[DQ]</span></a> Before + this word in the margin appears a capital <i>N</i>. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DR_122" id="Footnote_DR_122"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DR_122"><span class="label">[DR]</span></a> Not + correctly cast; it should be 12530<sup>li</sup>. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DS_123" id="Footnote_DS_123"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DS_123"><span class="label">[DS]</span></a> 119 in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DT_124" id="Footnote_DT_124"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DT_124"><span class="label">[DT]</span></a> Ther is + little trust to be given to their relations in these things. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DU_125" id="Footnote_DU_125"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DU_125"><span class="label">[DU]</span></a> 120 in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DV_126" id="Footnote_DV_126"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DV_126"><span class="label">[DV]</span></a> Mr John + Reinor. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DW_127" id="Footnote_DW_127"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DW_127"><span class="label">[DW]</span></a> But by + this means they did furnish them, & have still continued to doe. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DX_128" id="Footnote_DX_128"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DX_128"><span class="label">[DX]</span></a> <i>Be</i> + in manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DY_129" id="Footnote_DY_129"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DY_129"><span class="label">[DY]</span></a> But y<sup>ey</sup> + were carried to y<sup>e</sup> West-Indeas. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_DZ_130" id="Footnote_DZ_130"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_DZ_130"><span class="label">[DZ]</span></a> <i>They</i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EA_131" id="Footnote_EA_131"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EA_131"><span class="label">[EA]</span></a> But staid + it till y<sup>e</sup> next year. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EB_132" id="Footnote_EB_132"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EB_132"><span class="label">[EB]</span></a> And yet + afterwards they laid claime to those parts in the controversie about + Seacunk. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EC_133" id="Footnote_EC_133"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EC_133"><span class="label">[EC]</span></a> Being + about 40<sup>li</sup>. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_ED_134" id="Footnote_ED_134"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_ED_134"><span class="label">[ED]</span></a> And + devided betweene them. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EE_135" id="Footnote_EE_135"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EE_135"><span class="label">[EE]</span></a> 130 in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EF_136" id="Footnote_EF_136"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EF_136"><span class="label">[EF]</span></a> Which is + Charles River may still be questioned. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EG_137" id="Footnote_EG_137"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EG_137"><span class="label">[EG]</span></a> This was + but to pretend advantage, for it could not be done, neither did it + need. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EH_138" id="Footnote_EH_138"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EH_138"><span class="label">[EH]</span></a> M<sup>r</sup>. + Chancey came to them in y<sup>e</sup> year 1638. and staid till y<sup>e</sup> + later part of this year 1641. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EI_139" id="Footnote_EI_139"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EI_139"><span class="label">[EI]</span></a> A leaf is + here wanting in the original manuscript, it having been cut out. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EJ_140" id="Footnote_EJ_140"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EJ_140"><span class="label">[EJ]</span></a> Exod: 21. + 22. Deu: 19. 11. Num: 35. 16. 18. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EK_141" id="Footnote_EK_141"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EK_141"><span class="label">[EK]</span></a> + "Confident"? + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EL_142" id="Footnote_EL_142"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EL_142"><span class="label">[EL]</span></a> <i>8</i> + in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EM_143" id="Footnote_EM_143"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EM_143"><span class="label">[EM]</span></a> <i>Contic̅</i> + in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EN_144" id="Footnote_EN_144"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EN_144"><span class="label">[EN]</span></a> <i>Solicitations</i> + in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EO_145" id="Footnote_EO_145"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EO_145"><span class="label">[EO]</span></a> This he + means of y<sup>e</sup> first adventures, all which were lost, as hath + before been shown; and what he here writs is probable at least. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EP_146" id="Footnote_EP_146"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EP_146"><span class="label">[EP]</span></a> Being the + conclusion, as will be seen, of page 252 of the original. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EQ_147" id="Footnote_EQ_147"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EQ_147"><span class="label">[EQ]</span></a> Perhaps <i>write</i> + for <i>wrote</i>. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_ER_148" id="Footnote_ER_148"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_ER_148"><span class="label">[ER]</span></a> <i>The</i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_ES_149" id="Footnote_ES_149"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_ES_149"><span class="label">[ES]</span></a> This was a + misterie to them, for they heard nothing hereof from any side y<sup>e</sup> + last year, till now y<sup>e</sup> conclution was past, and bonds + given. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_ET_150" id="Footnote_ET_150"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_ET_150"><span class="label">[ET]</span></a> + Substituted for <i>sundry</i> on the authority of the original MS. + Records. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EU_151" id="Footnote_EU_151"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EU_151"><span class="label">[EU]</span></a> <i>Comander</i> + in the MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EV_152" id="Footnote_EV_152"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EV_152"><span class="label">[EV]</span></a> Written 2 + in MS. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EW_153" id="Footnote_EW_153"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EW_153"><span class="label">[EW]</span></a> Who dyed + 3. of Octob. 1655. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EX_154" id="Footnote_EX_154"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EX_154"><span class="label">[EX]</span></a> The + following memoranda are in a later hand. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EY_155" id="Footnote_EY_155"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EY_155"><span class="label">[EY]</span></a> Obviously + intended for Cushman. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_EZ_156" id="Footnote_EZ_156"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_EZ_156"><span class="label">[EZ]</span></a> See page + 381. This document was written on the reverse of folio 201 et seq. of + the original manuscript, and for the sake of convenience is + transferred to this place. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_FA_157" id="Footnote_FA_157"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_FA_157"><span class="label">[FA]</span></a> A + superfluous <i>and</i> comes after "observed" in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + <div class="footnote"> + <p> + <a name="Footnote_FB_158" id="Footnote_FB_158"></a><a + href="#FNanchor_FB_158"><span class="label">[FB]</span></a> <i>Edwards</i> + in the manuscript. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <!-- end footnotes --> + <p> + + </p> + <p> + + </p> + <h3> + Transcriber's Note: + </h3> + <p> + Spelling is inconsistent and is left unchanged from the original printing + of this book. The following are some common examples of questionable text. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_16">Page 16</a><br /> y<sup>e</sup> not suffered to goe,<br /> + [they?]<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_24">Page 24</a><br /> any other riches whatsoever. And at + lenght they came<br /> [length?]<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_41">Page 41</a><br /> of our company to adyone him selfe; to + the care & discretion<br /> [adyone] possibly ajoin?<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_76">Page 76</a><br /> to rejecte y<sup>e</sup> vioage. Judge + therfore we beseech you indiferently<br /> [voiage?]<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_84">Page 84</a><br /> to proceede on her viage. Those that + went bak were<br /> [voiage?]<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_98">Page 98</a><br /> who were salvages; but they fled from + them, & ran̄e<br /> [savages?]<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_133">Page 113</a><br /> and anone cursing his felows, saing + he had done this<br /> [anone] anyone?<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_156">Page 156</a><br /> and he would have borrowed a hh of + corne of y<sup>e</sup> Indeans,<br /> hh is probably hogshead. Both 'h's + have a bar thru the ascender.<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_208">Page 208</a><br /> somwaht blanke at it, but after some + weeks, when<br /> [somwaht?]<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_210">Page 210</a><br /> their doings & pactises hear; + that it was evident they<br /> [pactises?]<br /> Unchanged + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_214">Page 214</a><br /> this mischec̄ous [mischeēous] + & most false slander: That because<br /> Unable to tell from the image + whether it is a 'c' or 'e'.<br /> Left it as a c̄. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_304">Page 304</a><br /> And think not with 50<sup>li</sup>. + pound a yeare sent you over, to<br /> Duplication of li and pound.<br /> + Unchanged + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_351">Page 351</a><br /> maister & ye rest of y<sup>e</sup> + company were gone from<br /> ye rather than y<sup>e</sup> here.<br /> + Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_371">Page 371</a><br /> of y<sup>e</sup> season, and the + fear y<sup>e</sup> Indans were in of<br /> [Indans?]<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_381">Page 391</a><br /> and y<sup>e</sup> English Collonies, + to right and defend them selves<br /> [fight?]<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + <a href="#Page_416">Page 416</a><br /> knew to be an-English man, as also + those y<sup>t</sup> were<br /> Odd use of hyphen.<br /> Unchanged. + </p> + <p> + + </p> + <p> + + </p> + <hr class="full" /> + <p> + ***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BRADFORD'S HISTORY OF 'PLIMOTH + PLANTATION'*** + </p> + <p> + ******* This file should be named 24950-h.txt or 24950-h.zip ******* + </p> + <p> + This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br /> <a + href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/9/5/24950">http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/9/5/24950</a> + </p> + <p> + Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be + renamed. + </p> + <p> + Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one + owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and + you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission + and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the + General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and + distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to protect the PROJECT + GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered + trademark, and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you + receive specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of + this eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook + for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, + performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given + away--you may do practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. + Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial + redistribution. + </p> +<pre xml:space="preserve"> +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/license">http://www.gutenberg.org/license)</a>. + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS,' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://www.gutenberg.org/about/contact + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/pglaf + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://www.gutenberg.org/fundraising/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + +Each eBook is in a subdirectory of the same number as the eBook's +eBook number, often in several formats including plain vanilla ASCII, +compressed (zipped), HTML and others. + +Corrected EDITIONS of our eBooks replace the old file and take over +the old filename and etext number. The replaced older file is renamed. +VERSIONS based on separate sources are treated as new eBooks receiving +new filenames and etext numbers. + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org">http://www.gutenberg.org</a> + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + +EBooks posted prior to November 2003, with eBook numbers BELOW #10000, +are filed in directories based on their release date. If you want to +download any of these eBooks directly, rather than using the regular +search system you may utilize the following addresses and just +download by the etext year. + +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/">http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/</a> + + (Or /etext 05, 04, 03, 02, 01, 00, 99, + 98, 97, 96, 95, 94, 93, 92, 92, 91 or 90) + +EBooks posted since November 2003, with etext numbers OVER #10000, are +filed in a different way. The year of a release date is no longer part +of the directory path. The path is based on the etext number (which is +identical to the filename). The path to the file is made up of single +digits corresponding to all but the last digit in the filename. For +example an eBook of filename 10234 would be found at: + +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/0/2/3/10234 + +or filename 24689 would be found at: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/6/8/24689 + +An alternative method of locating eBooks: +<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL">http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/GUTINDEX.ALL</a> + +*** END: FULL LICENSE *** +</pre> + </body> +</html> diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig01.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig01.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8ade946 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig01.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig02.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig02.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b62a631 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig02.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig03.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig03.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..14f625c --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig03.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig04.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig04.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4742ef5 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig04.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig05.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig05.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..27d9c31 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig05.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig06.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig06.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8a4e566 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig06.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig07.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig07.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ba2a001 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig07.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig07_l.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig07_l.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5556d31 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig07_l.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig08.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig08.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c7d33d6 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig08.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig09.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig09.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c4096c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig09.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig09_l.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig09_l.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..5807d5f --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig09_l.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig10.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig10.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..2be3960 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig10.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig10_l.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig10_l.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..309acec --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig10_l.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig11.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig11.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..894ac92 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig11.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/fig11_l.jpg b/24950-h/images/fig11_l.jpg Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b5fb3ea --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/fig11_l.jpg diff --git a/24950-h/images/mark01.png b/24950-h/images/mark01.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..fef4359 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/mark01.png diff --git a/24950-h/images/mark02.png b/24950-h/images/mark02.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec2d5f7 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/mark02.png diff --git a/24950-h/images/mark03.png b/24950-h/images/mark03.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..8cd4f7d --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/mark03.png diff --git a/24950-h/images/mark04.png b/24950-h/images/mark04.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b1cd266 --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/mark04.png diff --git a/24950-h/images/mark05.png b/24950-h/images/mark05.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..c694a2c --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/mark05.png diff --git a/24950-h/images/mark06.png b/24950-h/images/mark06.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b8f319a --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/mark06.png diff --git a/24950-h/images/mark07.png b/24950-h/images/mark07.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..23300fd --- /dev/null +++ b/24950-h/images/mark07.png |
