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| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:14:27 -0700 |
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| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-15 02:14:27 -0700 |
| commit | e348b17e06b12724c479df9952801263c2bfe48a (patch) | |
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padding: .5em; text-align: center; +border: 3px ridge #669;} +div.contents, div.contents td {font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 90%;} + +span.notation {float: right; clear: right; +padding: .25em .25em .25em 1em; font-size: 80%; font-family: sans-serif; +margin-bottom: .6em; text-indent: 0em; +background-color: #DDE; color: inherit;} +p.notation {margin-left: 2em; padding: .25em; font-size: 80%; +font-family: sans-serif; text-indent: 0em; background-color: #DDE; +color: inherit;} +div.pageindex p.notation {text-indent: 0em;} + +</style> + +</head> + +<body> + +<div style='text-align:center; font-size:1.2em; font-weight:bold'>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Early English Meals and Manners, by Various</div> +<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and +most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions +whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms +of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online +at <a href="https://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a>. If you +are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the +country where you are located before using this eBook. +</div> +<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Title: Early English Meals and Manners</div> +<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Author: Various</div> +<div style='display:block; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1em; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Editor: Frederick Furnivall</div> +<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Release Date: March 9, 2008 [eBook #24790]<br> +[Most recently updated: October 21, 2023]</div> +<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'>Language: English</div> +<div style='display:block; margin-left:2em; text-indent:-2em'>Produced by: Louise Hope, Kathryn Lybarger and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team</div> +<div style='margin-top:2em; margin-bottom:4em'>*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EARLY ENGLISH MEALS AND MANNERS ***</div> + +<div class="contents"> + +<h4><a name="preface_contents" id="preface_contents"> +Contents</a></h4> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="#main_contents">Full Table of Contents</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#eets_general"><b>Early English Text Society</b></a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<a href="#eets_original"><b>Original Series (nos. 1-127, +1864-1904)</b></a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<a href="#eets_extra"><b>Extra Series (nos. I-XCI, +1867-1904)</b></a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<a href="#eets_prep"><b>Texts Preparing</b></a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><a href="#titletext"><b>Title Page</b></a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#preface_general"><b>Forewords, or General +Preface</b></a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagei">i</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<a href="#pref_gen_educ"><b>Education in Early England</b></a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pageiv">iv</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#pref_gen_dirt"><b>Cleanliness, or Dirt, of Men, Houses, +&c.</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagelxiii">lxiii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#pref_gen_poems"><b>Notice of the separate Poems up to +<i>Russell</i></b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagelxviii">lxviii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#preface_russell"> +<b>Preface to Russell’s Boke of Nurture, and the Poems and Treatises +following it (except those in the Postscript)</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagelxix">lxix</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurturepic">The Boke of Nurture</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#page147">Shorter Selections</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#index_poems">General Index</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#sidenotes">Collected Sidenotes</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> + +<div class="eets"> + +<span class="pagenum">2</span> +<!-- png 002 --> + +<h3><a name="eets_general" id="eets_general"> +Early English Text Society</a></h3> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p class="center"> +<b>Committee of Management:</b></p> + +<p class="center"> +<b>Director:</b> DR. FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL, M.A.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<b>Treasurer:</b> HENRY B. WHEATLEY, +<span class="smallcaps">Esq.</span></p> + +<p class="center"> +<b>Hon. Sec.:</b> W. A. DALZIEL, <span class="smallcaps">Esq.</span>, +67 VICTORIA ROAD, FINSBURY PARK, N.</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="EETS committee"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket rt" rowspan="2"> +<b>Hon. Secs.<br> +for America:</b></td> +<td> +<p>North & East: Prof. <span class="smallcaps">G. L. +Kittredge</span>,<br> +Harvard Coll., Cambr., Mass.</p> +<p>South & West: Prof. <span class="smallcaps">J. W. +Bright</span>,<br> +Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="names" summary="EETS committee"> +<tr> +<td class="smallcaps"> +<p>LORD ALDENHAM, M.A.</p> +<p>ISRAEL GOLLANCZ, M.A.</p> +<p>SIDNEY L. LEE, M.A., D.Lit.</p> +<p>Rev. Prof. J. E. B. MAYOR, M.A.</p> +<p>Dr. J. A. H. MURRAY, M.A.</p> +</td> +<td class="smallcaps"> +<p>Prof. NAPIER, M.A., Ph.D.</p> +<p>EDWARD B. PEACOCK, Esq.</p> +<p>ALFRED W. POLLARD, M.A.</p> +<p>Rev. Prof. WALTER W. SKEAT, Litt.D.</p> +<p>Dr. HENRY SWEET, M.A.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<p class="center smallcaps">Dr. W. ALDIS WRIGHT, M.A.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<p class="center">(<i>With power to add Workers to their +number.</i>)</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="center"> +<b>Bankers:</b> THE UNION BANK OF LONDON, 2, PRINCES STREET, E.C.</p> + +<hr class="mid"> + +<p>The Early English Text Society was started by Dr. Furnivall in 1864 +for the purpose of bringing the mass of Old English Literature within +the reach of the ordinary student, and of wiping away the reproach under +which England had long rested, of having felt little interest in the +monuments of her early language and life.</p> + +<p>On the starting of the Society, so many Texts of importance were at +once taken in hand by its Editors, that it became necessary in 1867 to +open, besides the <i>Original Series</i> with which the Society began, +an <i>Extra Series</i> which should be mainly devoted to fresh editions +of all that is most valuable in printed MSS. and Caxton’s and other +black-letter books, though first editions of MSS. will not be excluded +when the convenience of issuing them demands their inclusion in the +Extra Series.</p> + +<p>During the thirty-nine years of the Society’s existence, it has +produced, with whatever shortcomings, an amount of good solid work for +which all students of our Language, and some of our Literature, must be +grateful, and which has rendered possible the beginnings (at least) of +proper Histories and Dictionaries of that Language and Literature, and +has illustrated the thoughts, the life, the manners and customs of our +forefathers and foremothers.</p> + +<p>But the Society’s experience has shown the very small number of those +inheritors of the speech of Cynewulf, Chaucer, and Shakspere, who care +two guineas a year for the records of that speech: ‘Let the dead past +bury its dead’ is still the cry of Great Britain and her Colonies, and +of America, in the matter of language. The Society has never had money +enough to produce the Texts that could easily have been got ready for +it; and many Editors are now anxious to send to press the work they have +prepared. The necessity has therefore arisen for trying to increase the +number of the Society’s members, and to induce its well-wishers to help +it by gifts of money, either in one sum or by instalments. The Committee +trust that every Member will bring before his or her friends and +acquaintances the Society’s claims for liberal support. Until all Early +English MSS. are printed, no proper History of our Language or Social +Life is possible.</p> + +<p>The Subscription to the Society, which constitutes membership, is £1 +1<i>s.</i> a year for the <span class="smallcaps">Original +Series</span>, and £1 1<i>s.</i> for the <span class="smallcaps">Extra +Series</span>, due in advance on the 1st of <span class="smallcaps">January</span>, and should be paid by Cheque, Postal Order, +or Money-Order, crost ‘Union Bank of London,’ to the Hon. Secretary, +<span class="smallcaps">W. A. Dalziel</span>, Esq., 67, Victoria +Rd., Finsbury Park, London, N. Members who want their Texts posted +to them, must add to their prepaid Subscriptions 1<i>s.</i> for the +Original Series, and 1<i>s.</i> for the Extra Series, yearly. The +Society’s Texts are also sold separately at the prices put after them in +the Lists; but Members can get back-Texts at one-third less than the +List-prices by sending the cash for them in advance to the Hon. +Secretary.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">3</span> +<!-- png 003 --> + +<p class="space"><span class="finger"> +<img src="images/finger.gif" width="30" height="13" alt="-->"> +</span>The Society intends to complete, as soon as its funds will allow, +the Reprints of its out-of-print Texts of the year 1866, and also of +nos. 20, 26 and 33. Prof. Skeat has finisht <i>Partenay</i>; Dr. +M<sup>c</sup>Knight of Ohio <i>King Horn</i> and <i>Floris and +Blancheflour</i>; and Dr. Furnivall his <i>Political, Religious and Love +Poems</i> and <i>Myrc’s Duties of a Parish Priest</i>. Dr. Otto Glauning +has undertaken <i>Seinte Marherete</i>; and Dr. Furnivall has <i>Hali +Meidenhad</i> in type. As the cost of these Reprints, if they were not +needed, would have been devoted to fresh Texts, the Reprints will be +sent to all Members in lieu of such Texts. Though called ‘Reprints,’ +these books are new editions, generally with valuable additions, +a fact not noticed by a few careless receivers of them, who have +complained that they already had the volumes. As the Society’s copies of +the <i>Facsimile of the Epinal MS.</i> issued as an Extra Volume in 1883 +are exhausted, Mr. J. H. Hessels, M.A., of St. John’s Coll., +Cambridge, has kindly undertaken an edition of the MS. for the Society. +This will be substituted for the Facsimile as an 1883 book, but will be +also issued to all the present Members.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +Original and Extra Series Books 1903-1906.</p> + +<p><b>July 1904.</b> The Original-Series Texts for 1903 were: No. 122, +Part II of <i>The Laud MS. Troy-Book</i>, edited from the unique Laud +MS. 595 by Dr. J. E. Wülting; and No. 123, Part II of Robert of +Brunne’s <i>Handlyng Synne</i>, and its French original, ed. by Dr. +F. J. Furnivall.</p> + +<p>The Extra-Series Texts for 1903 are to be: No. LXXXVIII, <i>Le Morte +Arthur</i>, in 8-line stanzas, re-edited from the unique MS. Harl. 2252, +by Prof. J. Douglas Bruce (issued), No. LXXXIX, Lydgate’s <i>Reason +and Sensuality</i>, edited by Dr. Ernst Sieper, Part II, and <i>English +Fragments from Latin Medieval Service-Books</i>, edited, and given to +the Society, by Mr. Henry Littlehales.</p> + +<p>The Original-Series Texts for 1904 will be No. 124, t. Hen. V, +<i>Twenty-six Political and other Poems</i> from the Digby MS. 102, +&c, edited by Dr. J. Kail, and No. 125, Part I of the +<i>Medieval Records of a London City Church</i> (St. Mary-at-Hill), +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1420-1559, copied and edited by +Mr. Henry Littlehales from the Church Records in the Guildhall, the cost +of the setting and corrections of the text being generously borne by its +Editor. This book will show the income and outlay of the church; the +drink provided for its Palm-Sunday players, its officers’ excursions +into Kent and Essex, its dealing with the Plague, the disposal of its +goods at the Reformation, &c., &c., and will help our members to +realize the church-life of its time. The third Text will be Part I of +<i>An Alphabet of Tales</i>, a very interesting collection, +englisht in the Northern Dialect, about 1440, from the Latin +<i>Alphabetum Narrationum</i> by Etienne de Bésançon, and edited by Mrs. +M. M. Banks from the unique MS. in the King’s Library in the +British Museum; the above-named three texts are now ready for issue. +Those for 1905 and 1906 will probably be chosen from Part II of the +<i>Exeter Book</i>—Anglo-Saxon Poems from the unique MS. in Exeter +Cathedral—re-edited by Israel Gollancz, M.A.; Part II of Prof. Dr. +Holthausen’s <i>Vices and Virtues</i>; Part II of <i>Jacob’s Well</i>, +edited by Dr. Brandeis; the Alliterative <i>Siege of Jerusalem</i>, +edited by the late Prof. Dr. E. Kölbing and Prof. Dr. Kaluza; an +Introduction and Glossary to the <i>Minor Poems of the Vernon MS.</i> by +H. Hartley, M.A.; Alain Chartier’s <i>Quadrilogue</i>, edited from +the unique MS. Univ. Coll. Oxford MS. No. 85, by Mr. J. W. H. +Atkins of Owen’s College; a Northern Verse <i>Chronicle of +England</i> to 1327 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, in 42,000 +lines, about 1420 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, edited by +M. L. Perrin, B.A.; Prof. Bruce’s Introduction to <i>The English +Conquest of Ireland</i>, Part II; and Dr. Furnivall’s edition of the +<i>Lichfield Gilds</i>, which is all printed, and waits only for the +Introduction, that Prof. E. C. K. Gonner has kindly undertaken +to write for the book. Canon Wordsworth of Marlborough has given the +Society a copy of the Leofric Canonical Rule, Latin and Anglo-Saxon, +Parker MS. 191, C.C.C. Cambridge, and Prof. Napier will edit it, with a +fragment of the englisht Capitula of Bp. Theodulf. The <i>Coventry Leet +Book</i> is being copied for the Society by Miss M. Dormer +Harris—helpt by a contribution from the Common Council of the +City,—and will be publisht by the Society (Miss Harris editing), +as its contribution to our knowledge of the provincial city life of the +15th century.</p> + +<p>Dr. Brie of Berlin has undertaken to edit the prose <i>Brut</i> or +<i>Chronicle of Britain</i> attributed to Sir John Mandeville, and +printed by Caxton. He has already examined more than 100 English MSS. +and several French ones, to get the best text, and find out its +source.</p> + +<p>The Extra-Series Texts for 1904 will be chosen from Lydgate’s +<i>DeGuilleville’s Pilgrimage of the Life of Man</i>, Part III, edited +by Miss Locock; Dr. M. Konrath’s re-edition of <i>William of +Shorcham’s Poems</i>, Part II; Dr. E. A. Kock’s edition of +Lovelich’s <i>Merlin</i> from the unique MS. in Corpus Christi Coll., +Cambridge; the <i>Macro Plays</i>, edited from Mr. Gurney’s MS. by Dr. +Furnivall and A. W. Pollard, M.A.; Prof. Erdmann’s re-edition of +Lydgate’s <i>Siege of Thebes</i> (issued also by the Chaucer Society); +Miss Rickert’s re-edition of the Romance of <i>Emare</i>; Prof. +I. Gollanez’s re-edition of two Alliterative Poems, <i>Winner and +Waster</i>, &c, ab. 1360, lately issued for the Roxburghe Club; Dr. +Norman Moore’s re-edition of <i>The Book of the Foundation of St. +Bartholomew’s Hospital, London</i>, from the unique MS. ab. 1425, which +gives an account of the Founder, Rahere, and the miraculous cures +wrought at the Hospital; <i>The Craft of Nombrynge</i>, with other of +the earliest englisht Treatises on Arithmetic, edited by R. Steele, +B.A.; and Miss Warren’s two-text edition of <i>The Dance of Death</i> +from the Ellesmere and other MSS.</p> + +<p>These Extra-Series Texts ought to be completed by their Editors: the +Second Part of the prose Romance of <i>Melusine</i>—Introduction, +with ten facsimiles of the best woodblocks of the old foreign +black-letter editions, Glossary, &c, by A. K. Donald, B.A. (now +in India); +<span class="pagenum">4</span> +<!-- png 004 --> +and a new edition of the famous Early-English Dictionary (English and +Latin), <i>Promptorium Parvulorum</i>, from the Winchester MS., ab. 1440 +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>: in this, the Editor, the Rev. +A. L. Mayhew, M.A., will follow and print his MS. not only in its +arrangement of nouns first, and verbs second, under every letter of the +Alphabet, but also in its giving of the flexions of the words. The +Society’s edition will thus be the first modern one that really +represents its original, a point on which Mr. Mayhew’s insistence +will meet with the sympathy of all our Members.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +Texts preparing: The Texts for 1906, 1907 &c.</p> + +<p>The Texts for the Extra Series in 1906 and 1907 will be chosen from +<i>The Three Kings’ Sons</i>, Part II, the Introduction &c. by Prof. +Dr. Leon Kellner; Part II of <i>The Chester Plays</i>, re-edited from +the MSS., with a full collation of the formerly missing Devonshire MS., +by Mr. G. England and Dr. Matthews; the Parallel-Text of the only +two MSS. of the <i>Owl and Nightingale</i>, edited by Mr. +G. F. H. Sykes (at press); Prof. Jespersen’s editions of John +Hart’s <i>Orthographie</i> (MS. 1551 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>; blackletter 1569), and <i>Method to teach +Reading</i>, 1570; Deguilleville’s <i>Pilgrimage of the Sowle</i>, in +English prose, edited by Prof. Dr. L. Kellner. (For the three prose +versions of <i>The Pilgrimage of the Life of Man</i>—two English, +one French—an Editor is wanted.) Members are askt to realise the +fact that the Society has now 50 years’ work on its Lists,—at its +present rate of production,—and that there is from 100 to 200 more +years’ work to come after that. The year 2000 will not see finisht all +the Texts that the Society ought to print. The need of more Members and +money is pressing. Offers of help from willing Editors have continually +to be declined because the Society has no funds to print their +Texts.</p> + +<p>An urgent appeal is hereby made to Members to increase the list of +Subscribers to the E. E. Text Society. It is nothing less than a +scandal that the Hellenic Society should have nearly 1000 members, while +the Early English Text Society has not 300!</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +Deguilleville.</p> + +<p>Before his death in 1895, Mr. G. N. Currie was preparing an edition +of the 15th and 16th century Prose Versions of Guillaume de +Deguilleville’s <i>Pilgrimage of the Life of Man</i>, with the French +prose version by Jean Gallopes, from Lord Aldenham’s MS., he having +generously promist to pay the extra cost of printing the French text, +and engraving one or two of the illuminations in his MS. But Mr. Currie, +when on his deathbed, charged a friend to burn <i>all</i> his MSS. which +lay in a corner of his room, and unluckily all the +E. E. T. S.’s copies of the Deguilleville prose versions +were with them, and were burnt with them, so that the Society will be +put to the cost of fresh copies, Mr. Currie having died in debt.</p> + +<p>Guillaume de Deguilleville, monk of the Cistercian abbey of Chaalis, +in the diocese of Senlis, wrote his first verse <i>Pèlerinaige de +l’Homme</i> in 1330-1 when he was 36.<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_1" id="eets_tag_1" href="#eets_note_1">1</a> Twenty-five +(or six) years after, in 1355, he revised his poem, and issued a second +version of it,<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_2" id="eets_tag_2" +href="#eets_note_2">2</a> a revision of which was printed ab. +1500. Of the prose representative of the first version, 1330-1, +a prose Englishing, about 1430 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, was edited by Mr. Aldis Wright for the +Roxburghe Club in 1869, from MS. Ff. 5. 30 in the Cambridge +University Library. Other copies of this prose English are in the +Hunterian Museum, Glasgow, Q. 2. 25; Sion College, London; and the Laud +Collection in the Bodleian, no. 740.<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_3" id="eets_tag_3" href="#eets_note_3">3</a> A copy in the +Northern dialect is MS. G. 21, in St. John’s Coll., Cambridge, and this +is the MS. which will be edited for the E. E. Text Society. The +Laud MS. 740 was somewhat condenst and modernised, in the 17th century, +into MS. Ff. 6. 30, in the Cambridge University Library:<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_4" id="eets_tag_4" href="#eets_note_4">4</a> +“The Pilgrime or the Pilgrimage of Man in this World,” copied by Will. +Baspoole, whose copy “was verbatim written by Walter Parker, 1645, and +from thence transcribed by G. G. 1649; and from thence by +W. A. 1655.” This last copy may have been read by, or its story +reported to, Bunyan, and may have been the groundwork of his +<i>Pilgrim’s Progress</i>. It will be edited for the E. E. T. +Soc., its text running under the earlier English, as in Mr. Herrtage’s +edition of the <i>Gesta Romanorum</i> for the Society. In February +1464,<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_5" id="eets_tag_5" href="#eets_note_5">5</a> Jean Gallopes—a clerk of Angers, afterwards +chaplain to John, Duke of Bedford, Regent of France—turned +Deguilleville’s first verse <i>Pèlerinaige</i> into a prose +<i>Pèlerinage de la vie humaine</i>.<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_6" id="eets_tag_6" href="#eets_note_6">6</a> By the kindness of Lord +Aldenham, as above mentiond, Gallopes’s French text will be printed +opposite the early prose northern Englishing in the Society’s +edition.</p> + +<p>The Second Version of Deguilleville’s <i>Pèlerinaige de l’Homme</i>, +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1355 or -6, was englisht in verse +by Lydgate in 1426. Of Lydgate’s poem, the larger part is in the Cotton +MS. Vitellius C. xiii (leaves 2-308). This MS. leaves out Chaucer’s +englishing of Deguilleville’s <i>ABC</i> or <i>Prayer to the Virgin</i>, +of which the successive stanzas start with A, B, C, and run all +thro’ the alphabet; and it has 2 main gaps, besides many small ones from +the tops of leaves being burnt in the Cotton fire. All these gaps (save +the A B C) have been fild up from the Stowe MS. 952 (which old John +Stowe completed) and from the end of the other imperfect MS. Cotton, +Tiberius A vii. Thanks to the diligence of the old Elizabethan tailor +and +<span class="pagenum">5</span> +<!-- png 005 --> +manuscript-lover, a complete text of Lydgate’s poem can be given, though +that of an inserted theological prose treatise is incomplete. The +British Museum French MSS. (Harleian 4399,<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_7" id="eets_tag_7" href="#eets_note_7">7</a> and +Additional 22,937<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_8" id="eets_tag_8" +href="#eets_note_8">8</a> and 25,594<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_9" id="eets_tag_9" href="#eets_note_9">9</a>) are all of +the First Version.</p> + +<p>Besides his first <i>Pèlerinaige de l’homme</i> in its two versions, +Deguilleville wrote a second, “de l’ame separee du corps,” and a third, +“de nostre seigneur Iesus.” Of the second, a prose Englishing of +1413, <i>The Pilgrimage of the Sowle</i> (with poems by Hoccleve, +already printed for the Society with that author’s <i>Regement of +Princes</i>), exists in the Egerton MS. 615,<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_10" id="eets_tag_10" href="#eets_note_10">10</a> at +Hatfield, Cambridge (Univ. Kk. 1. 7, and Caius), Oxford (Univ. +Coll. and Corpus), and in Caxton’s edition of 1483. This version has +‘somewhat of addicions’ as Caxton says, and some shortenings too, as the +maker of both, the first translater, tells us in the MSS. Caxton leaves +out the earlier englisher’s interesting Epilog in the Egerton MS. This +prose englishing of the <i>Sowle</i> will be edited for the Society by +Prof. Dr. Leon Kellner after that of the <i>Man</i> is finisht, and will +have Gallopes’s French opposite it, from Lord Aldenham’s MS., as his +gift to the Society. Of the Pilgrimage of Jesus, no englishing is +known.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +Anglo-Saxon Psalters.</p> + +<p>As to the MS. Anglo-Saxon Psalters, Dr. Hy. Sweet has edited the +oldest MS., the Vespasian, in his <i>Oldest English Texts</i> for the +Society, and Mr. Harsley has edited the latest, c. 1150, Eadwine’s +Canterbury Psalter. The other MSS., except the Paris one, being +interlinear versions,—some of the Roman-Latin redaction, and some +of the Gallican,—Prof. Logeman has prepared for press, +a Parallel-Text edition of the first twelve Psalms, to start the +complete work. He will do his best to get the Paris Psalter—tho’ +it is not an interlinear one—into this collective edition; but the +additional matter, especially in the Verse-Psalms, is very difficult to +manage. If the Paris text cannot be parallelised, it will form a +separate volume. The Early English Psalters are all independent +versions, and will follow separately in due course.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +More Money wanted.</p> + +<p>Through the good offices of the Examiners, some of the books for the +Early-English Examinations of the University of London will be chosen +from the Society’s publications, the Committee having undertaken to +supply such books to students at a large reduction in price. The net +profits from these sales will be applied to the Society’s Reprints.</p> + +<p>Members are reminded that <i>fresh Subscribers are always wanted</i>, +and that the Committee can at anytime, on short notice, send to press an +additional Thousand Pounds’ worth of work.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +Saints’ Lives.</p> + +<p>The Subscribers to the Original Series must be prepared for the issue +of the whole of the Early English <i>Lives of Saints</i>, sooner or +later. The Society cannot leave out any of them, even though some are +dull. The Sinners would doubtless be much more interesting. But in many +Saints’ Lives will be found valuable incidental details of our +forefathers’ social state, and all are worthful for the history of our +language. The Lives may be lookt on as the religious romances or +story-books of their period.</p> + +<p>The Standard Collection of Saints’ Lives in the Corpus and Ashmole +MSS., the Harleian MS. 2277, &c. will repeat the Laud set, our No. +87, with additions, and in right order. (The foundation MS. (Laud 108) +had to be printed first, to prevent quite unwieldy collations.) The +Supplementary Lives from the Vernon and other MSS. will form one or two +separate volumes.</p> + +<p>Besides the Saints’ Lives, Trevisa’s englishing of <i>Bartholomæus de +Proprietatibus Rerum</i>, the mediæval Cyclopædia of Science, &c, +will be the Society’s next big undertaking. Dr. R. von Fleischhacker +will edit it. Prof. Napier of Oxford, wishing to have the whole of our +MS. Anglo-Saxon in type, and accessible to students, will edit for the +Society all the unprinted and other Anglo-Saxon Homilies which are not +included in Thorpe’s edition of Ælfric’s prose,<a class="tag" name="eets_tag_11" id="eets_tag_11" href="#eets_note_11">11</a> Dr. +Morris’s of the Blickling Homilies, and Prof. Skeat’s of Ælfric’s +Metrical Homilies. The late Prof. Kölbing left complete his text, for +the Society, of the <i>Ancren Riwle</i>, from the best MS., with +collations of the other four, and this will be edited for the Society by +Dr. Thümmler. Mr. Harvey means to prepare an edition of the three MSS. +of the <i>Earliest English Metrical Psalter</i>, one of which was edited +by the late Mr. Stevenson for the Surtees Society.</p> + +<p>Members of the Society will learn with pleasure that its example has +been followed, not only by the Old French Text Society which has done +such admirable work under its founders Profs. Paul Meyer and Gaston +Paris, but also by the Early Russian Text Society, which was set on foot +in 1877, and has since issued many excellent editions of old MS. +Chronicles, &c.</p> + +<p>Members will also note with pleasure the annexation of large tracts +of our Early English territory by the important German contingent, the +late Professors Zupitza and Kölbing, the living Hausknecht, Einenkel, +Haenisch, Kaluza, Hupe, Adam, Holthausen, Schick, Herzfeld, Brandeis, +Sieper, Konrath, Wülfing, &c. Scandinavia has also sent us Prof. +Erdmann and Dr. E. A. Kock; Holland, Prof. H. Logeman, who is +now working in Belgium; France, Prof. +<span class="pagenum">6</span> +<!-- png 006 --> +Paul Meyer—with Gaston Paris as adviser (alas, now +dead);—Italy, Prof. Lattanzi; Austria, Dr. von Fleischhacker; +while America is represented by the late Prof. Child, by Dr. Mary Noyes +Colvin, Miss Rickert, Profs. Mead, McKnight, Triggs, Perrin, &c. The +sympathy, the ready help, which the Society’s work has cald forth from +the Continent and the United States, have been among the pleasantest +experiences of the Society’s life, a real aid and cheer amid all +troubles and discouragements. All our Members are grateful for it, and +recognise that the bond their work has woven between them and the lovers +of language and antiquity across the seas is one of the most welcome +results of the Society’s efforts.</p> + +<h5><a name="eets_original" id="eets_original"> +<b>ORIGINAL SERIES.</b></a></h5> + +<table summary="EETS titles"> +<tr> +<td><p>1. <b>Early English Alliterative Poems</b>, ab. 1360 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, ed. Rev. Dr. R. Morris. +16<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1864</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>2. <b>Arthur</b>, ab. 1440, ed. F. J. Furnivall, M.A. +4<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>3. <b>Lauder on the Dewtie of Kyngis, &c.</b>, 1556, ed. +F. Hall, D.C.L. 4<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>4. <b>Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight</b>, ab. 1360, ed. Rev. +Dr. R. Morris. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>5. <b>Hume’s Orthographie and Congruitie of the Britan +Tongue</b>, ab. 1617, ed. H. B. Wheatley. 4<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1865</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>6. <b>Lancelot of the Laik</b>, ab. 1500, ed. Rev. W. W. +Skeat. 8<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>7. <b>Genesis & Exodus</b>, ab. 1250, ed. Rev. Dr. +R. Morris. 8<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>8. <b>Morte Arthure</b>, ab. 1440, ed. E. Brock. +7<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>9. <b>Thynne on Speght’s ed. of Chaucer</b>, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1599, ed. Dr. G. Kingsley and Dr. +F. J. Furnivall. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>10. <b>Merlin</b>, ab. 1440, Part I., ed. H. B. Wheatley. +2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>11. <b>Lyndesay’s Monarche, &c.</b>, 1552, Part I., ed. +J. Small, M.A. 3<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>12. <b>Wright’s Chaste Wife</b>, ab. 1462, ed. F. J. +Furnivall, M.A. 1<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>13. <b>Seinte Marherete</b>, 1200-1330, ed. Rev. O. Cockayne; +re-edited by Dr. Otto Glauning. [<i>Out of print.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1866</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>14. <b>Kyng Horn, Floris and Blancheflour, &c.</b>, ed. Rev. +J. R. Lumby, B.D., re-ed. Dr. G. H. McKnight. +5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>15. <b>Political, Religious, and Love Poems</b>, ed. F. J. +Furnivall. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>16. <b>The Book of Quinte Essence</b>, ab. 1460-70, ed. F. J. +Furnivall. 1<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>17. <b>Parallel Extracts from 45 MSS. of Piers the Plowman</b>, +ed. Rev. W. W. Skeat. 1<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>18. <b>Hali Meidenhad</b>, ab. 1200, ed. Rev. O. Cockayne, +re-edited by Dr. F. J. Furnivall. [<i>At Press.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>19. <b>Lyndesay’s Monarche, &c.</b>, Part II., ed. J. Small, +M.A. 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>20. <b>Hampole’s English Prose Treatises</b>, ed. Rev. G. G. +Perry. 1<i>s.</i> [<i>Out of print.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>21. <b>Merlin</b>, Part II., ed. H. B. Wheatley. +4<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>22. <b>Partenay</b> or <b>Lusignen</b>, ed. Rev. W. W. +Skeat.</p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>23. <b>Dan Michel’s Ayenbite of Inwyt</b>, 1340, ed. Rev. Dr. +R. Morris. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>24. <b>Hymns to the Virgin and Christ; the Parliament of Devils, +&c.</b>, ab. 1430, ed. F. J. Furnivall.</p></td> +<td class="date">1867</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>25. <b>The Stacions of Rome, the Pilgrims’ Sea-voyage, with Clene +Maydenhod</b>, ed. F. J. Furnivall. 1<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>26. <b>Religious Pieces in Prose and Verse</b>, from R. +Thornton’s MS., ed. Rev. G. G. Perry. 2s. [<i>Out of +print.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>27. <b>Levins’s Manipulus Vocabulorum, a ryming Dictionary</b>, +1570, ed. H. B. Wheatley. 12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>28. <b>William’s Vision of Piers the Plowman</b>, 1362 <span +class="smallroman">A.D.</span>; Text A, Part I., ed. Rev. +W. W. Skeat. 6<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>29. <b>Old English Homilies</b> (ab. 1220-30 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>). Series I, Part I. Edited by Rev. +Dr. R. Morris. 7<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>30. <b>Pierce the Ploughmans Crede</b>, ed. Rev. W. W. Skeat. +2<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>31. <b>Myrc’s Duties of a Parish Priest</b>, in Verse, ab. 1420 +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, ed. E. Peacock. +4<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1868</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>32. <b>Early English Meals and Manners: the Boke of Norture of +John Russell, the Bokes of Keruynge, Curtasye, and Demeanor, the Babees +Book, Urbanitatis, &c.</b>, ed. F. J. Furnivall. +12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>33. <b>The Knight de la Tour Landry</b>, ab. 1440 <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>. A Book for Daughters, ed. T. Wright, +M.A. [<i>Out of print.</i></p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>34. <b>Old English Homilies</b> (before 1300 <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>.). Series I, Part II., ed. R. Morris, +LL.D. 8<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>35. <b>Lyndesay’s Works</b>, Part III.: The Historie and +Testament of Squyer Meldrum, ed. F. Hall. 2<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>36. <b>Merlin</b>, Part III. Ed. H. B. Wheatley. On Arthurian +Localities, by J. S. Stuart Glennie. 12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1869</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>37. <b>Sir David Lyndesay’s Works</b>, Part IV., Ane Satyre of +the Three Estaits. ed. F. Hall, D.C.L. 4<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>38. <b>William’s Vision of Piers the Plowman</b>, Part II. +Text B. Ed. Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. 10<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>39. <b>Alliterative Romance of the Destruction of Troy</b>. ed. +D. Donaldson & G. A. Panton. Pt. I. 10<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>40. <b>English Gilds</b>, their Statutes and Customs, 1389 <span +class="smallroman">A.D</span>. Edit. Toulmin Smith and Lucy T. Smith, +with an Essay on Gilds and Trades-Unions, by Dr. L. Brentano. +21<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1870</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>41. <b>William Lauder’s Minor Poems</b>. Ed. F. J. Furnivall. +3<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>42. <b>Bernardus De Cura Rei Famuliaris</b>, Early Scottish +Prophecies, &c. Ed. J. R. Lumby, M.A. 2<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>43. <b>Ratis Raving</b>, and other Moral and Religious Pieces. +Ed. J. R. Lumby, M.A.</p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>44. <b>The Alliterative Romance of Joseph of Arimathie</b>, or +<b>The Holy Grail</b>: from the Vernon MS.; with W. de Worde’s and +Pynson’s Lives of Joseph: ed. Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. +5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1871</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>45. <b>King Alfred’s West-Saxon Version of Gregory’s Pastoral +Care</b>, edited from 2 MSS., with an English translation, by Henry +Sweet, Esq., B.A., Balliol College, Oxford. Part I. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>46. <b>Legends of the Holy Rood, Symbols of the Passion and Cross +Poems</b>, ed. Rev. Dr. R. Morris. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>47. <b>Sir David Lyndesay’s Works</b>, Part V., ed. Dr. J. +A. H. Murray. 3<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>48. <b>The Times’ Whistle</b>, and other Poems, by R. C., 1616; +ed. by J. M. Cowper, Esq. 6<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>49. <b>An Old English Miscellany</b>, containing a Bestiary, +Kentish Sermons, Proverbs of Alfred, and Religious Poems of the 13th +cent., ed. from the MSS. by the Rev. R. Morris, LL.D. +10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1872</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><ins class="mycorr" title="‘5’ invisible">50.</ins> <b>King +Alfred’s West-Saxon Version of Gregory’s Pastoral Care</b>, ed. +H. Sweet, M.A. Part II. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>51. <b>The Life of St Juliana</b>, 2 versions, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1230, with translations; ed. T. O. +Cockayne & E. Brock. 2<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">7</span> +<!-- png 007 --> +<p>52. <b>Palladius on Husbondrie</b>, englisht (ab. 1420 <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>.), ed. Rev. Barton Lodge, M.A. Part I. +10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1872</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>53. <b>Old-English Homilies</b>, Series II., and three Hymns to +the Virgin and God, 13th-century, with the music to two of them, in old +and modern notation; ed. Rev. R. Morris, LL.D. 8<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1873</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>54. <b>The Vision of Piers Plowman, Text C: Richard the +Redeles</b> (by William, the author of the <i>Vision</i>) and <b>The +Crowned King</b>; Part III., ed. Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. +18<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>55. <b>Generydes</b>, a Romance, ab. 1440 <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>., ed. W. Aldis Wright, M.A. Part I. +3<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>56. <b>The Gest Hystoriale of the Destruction of Troy</b>, in +alliterative verse; ed. by D. Donaldson, Esq., and the late Rev. +G. A. Panton. Part II. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1874</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>57. <b>The Early English Version of the “Cursor Mundi”</b>; in +four Texts, edited by the Rev. R. Morris, M.A., LL.D. Part I, with +2 photolithographic facsimiles. 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>58. <b>The Blickling Homilies</b>, 971 <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>., ed. Rev. R. Morris, LL.D. Part I. +8<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>59. <b>The “Cursor Mundi,”</b> in four Texts, ed. Rev. Dr. +B. Morris. Part II. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1875</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>60. <b>Meditacyuns on the Soper of our Lorde</b> (by Robert of +Brunne), edited by J. M. Cowper. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>61. <b>The Romance and Prophecies of Thomas of Eroeldoune</b>, +from 5 MSS.; ed. Dr. J. A. H. Murray. 10<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>62. <b>The “Cursor Mundi,”</b> in four Texts, ed. Rev. Dr. +B. Morris. Part III. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1876</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>63. <b>The Blickling Homilies</b>, 971 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, ed. Rev. Dr. R. Morris. Part II. +7<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>64. <b>Francis Thynne’s Embleames and Epigrams</b>, <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>. 1600, ed. F. J. Furnivall. +7<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>65. <b>Be Domes Dæge</b> (Bede’s <i>De Die Judicii</i>), &c., +ed. J. R. Lumby, B.D. 2<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>66. <b>The “Cursor Mundi,”</b> in four Texts, ed. Rev. Dr. +R. Morris. Part IV., with 2 autotypes. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1877</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>67. <b>Notes on Piers Plowman</b>, by the Rev. W. W. +Skeat, M.A. Part I. 21<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>68. <b>The “Cursor Mundi,”</b> in 4 Texts, ed. Rev. Dr. R. Morris +Part V. 25<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1878</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>69. <b>Adam Davie’s 5 Dreams about Edward II., &c.</b>, ed. +F. J. Furnivall, M.A. 5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>70. <b>Generydes</b>, a Romance, ed. W. Aldis Wright, M.A. Part +II. 4<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>71. <b>The Lay Folks Mass-Book</b>, four texts, ed. Rev. Canon +Simmons. 25<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1879</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>72. <b>Palladius on Husbondrie</b>, englisht (ab. 1420 <span +class="smallroman">A.D</span>.). Part II. Ed. S. J. Herrtage, +B.A. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>73. <b>The Blickling Homilies</b>, 971 <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>., ed. Rev. Dr. R. Morris. Part III. +10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1880</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>74. <b>English Works of Wyclif</b>, hitherto unprinted, ed. +F. D. Matthew, Esq. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>75. <b>Catholicon Anglicum</b>, an early English Dictionary, from +Lord Monson’s MS. <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>. 1483, ed., with +Introduction & Notes, by S. J. Herrtage, B.A.; and with a +Preface by H. B. Wheatley. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1881</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>76. <b>Aelfric’s Metrical Lives of Saints</b>, in MS. Cott. Jul. +E 7., ed. Rev. Prof. Skeat, M.A. Part I. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>77. <b>Beowulf</b>, the unique MS. autotyped and transliterated, +edited by Prof. Zupitza, Ph.D. 25<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1882</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>78. <b>The Fifty Earliest English Wills</b>, in the Court of +Probate, 1387-1439, ed. by F. J. Furnivall, M.A. +7<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>79. <b>King Alfred’s Orosius</b>, from Lord Tollemache’s 9th +century MS., Part I, ed. H. Sweet, M.A. 13<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1883</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>79b. <b>The Epinal Glossary</b>, 8th cent., ed. J. H. Hessels, +M.A. 15<i>s.</i> [<i>Preparing.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>80. <b>The Early-English Life of St. Katherine</b> and its Latin +Original, ed. Dr. Einenkel. 12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1884</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>81. <b>Piers Plowman</b>: Notes, Glossary, &c. Part IV, +completing the work, ed. Rev. Prof. Skeat, M.A. 18<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>82. <b>Aelfric’s Metrical Lives of Saints, MS</b>. Cott. Jul. E +7., ed. Rev. Prof. Skeat, M.A., LL.D. Part II. 12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1885</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>83. <b>The Oldest English Texts, Charters, &c.</b>, ed. +H. Sweet, M.A. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>84. <b>Additional Analogs to ‘The Wright’s Chaste Wife,’</b> No. +12, by W. A. Clouston. 1<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1886</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>85. <b>The Three Kings of Cologne</b>. 2 English Texts, and 1 +Latin, ed. Dr. C. Horstmann. 17<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>86. <b>Prose Lives of Women Saints</b>, ab. 1610 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, ed. from the unique MS. by Dr. +C. Horstmann. 12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>87. <b>Early English Verse Lives of Saints</b> (earliest +version), Laud MS. 108, ed. Dr. C. Horstmann. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1887</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>88. <b>Hy. Bradshaw’s life of St. Werburghe</b> (Pynson, 1521), +ed. Dr. C. Horstmann. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>89. <b>Vices and Virtues</b>, from the unique MS., ab. 1200 <span +class="smallroman">A.D</span>., ed. Dr. F. Holthausen. Part I. +8<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1888</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>90. <b>Anglo-Saxon and Latin Rule of St. Benet</b>, interlinear +Glosses, ed. Dr. H. Logeman. 12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>91. <b>Two Fifteenth-Century Cookery-Books</b>, ab. 1430-1450, +edited by Mr. T. Austin. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>92. <b>Eadwine’s Canterbury Psalter</b>, from the Trin. Cambr. +MS., ab. 1150 <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>., ed. +F. Harsley, B. Pt. I. 12<i>s.</i></td> +<td class="date">1889</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>93. <b>Defensor’s Liber Scintillarum</b>, edited from the MSS. by +Ernest Rhodes, B.A. 12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>94. <b>Aelfric’s Metrical Lives of Saints, MS</b>. Cott. Jul. +E 7, Part III., ed. Prof. Skeat, Litt.D., LL.D. +12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1890</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>95. <b>The Old-English version of Bede’s Ecclesiastical +History</b>, re-ed. by Dr. Thomas Miller. Part I, § 1. +18<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>96. <b>The Old-English version of Bede’s Ecclesiastical +History</b>, re-ed. by Dr. Thomas Miller. Pt. I, § 2. +15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1891</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>97. <b>The Earliest English Prose Psalter</b>, edited from its 2 +MSS. by Dr. K. D. Buelbring. Part I. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>98. <b>Minor Poems of the Vernon MS</b>., Part I., ed. Dr. +C. Horstmann. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1892</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>99. <b>Cursor Mundi</b>. Part VI. Preface, Notes, and Glossary, +ed. Rev. Dr. R. Morris. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>100. <b>Capgrave’s Life of St. Katharine</b>, ed. Dr. C. +Horstmann, with Forewords by Dr. Furnivall. 20s.</p></td> +<td class="date">1893</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>101. <b>Cursor Mundi</b>. Part VII. Essay on the MSS., their +Dialects, &c., by Dr. H. Hupe. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>102. <b>Lanfranc’s Cirurgie</b>, ab. 1400 <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>., ed. Dr. R. von Fleischhacker. Part I. +20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1894</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>103. <b>The Legend of the Cross</b>, from a 12th century MS., +&c., ed. Prof. A. S. Napier, M.A., Ph.D. 7<i>s.</i> +6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>104. <b>The Exeter Book</b> (Anglo-Saxon Poems), re-edited from +the unique MS. by I. Gollancz, M.A. Part I. +20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1895</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>105. <b>The Prymer or Lay-Folks’ Prayer-Book</b>, Camb. Univ. +MS., ab. 1420, ed. Henry Littlehales. Part I. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>106. <b>R. Misyn’s Fire of Love and Mending of Life</b> +(Hampole), 1434, 1435, ed. Rev. R. Harvey, M.A. +15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1896</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>107. <b>The English Conquest of Ireland</b>, <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>. 1166-1185, 2 Texts, 1425, 1440, Pt. I., ed. Dr. +Furnivall. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>108. <b>Child-Marriages and Divorces, Trothplights, &c</b>. +Chester Depositions, 1561-6, ed. Dr. Furnivall. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1897</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>109. <b>The Prymer or Lay-Folks’ Prayer-Book</b>, ab. 1420, ed. +Henry Littlehales. Part II. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>110. <b>The Old-English Version of Bede’s Ecclesiastical +History</b>, ed. Dr. T. Miller. Part II, § 1. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1898</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>111. <b>The Old-English Version of Bede’s Ecclesiastical +History</b>, ed. Dr. T. Miller. Part II, § 2. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>112. <b>Merlin, Part IV: Outlines of the Legend of Merlin</b>, by +Prof. W. E. Mead. Ph.D. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1899</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>113. <b>Queen Elizabeth’s Englishings of Boethius, Plutarch +&c. &c</b>., ed. Miss C. Pemberton. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">8</span> +<!-- png 008 --> +<p>114. <b>Aelfric’s Metrical lives of Saints</b>, Part IV and last, ed. +Prof. Skeat, Litt.D., LL.D. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1900</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>115. <b>Jacob’s Well</b>, edited from the unique Salisbury +Cathedral MS. by Dr. A. Brandeis. Part I. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>116. <b>An Old-English Martyrology</b>, re-edited by Dr. +G. Herzfeld. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>117. <b>Minor Poems of the Vernon MS.</b>, edited by Dr. +F. J. Furnivall. Part II. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1901</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>118. <b>The Lay Folks’ Catechism,</b> ed. by Canon Simmons and +Rev. H. E. Nolloth, M.A. 5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>119. <b>Robert of Brunne’s Handlyng Synne</b> (1303), and its +French original, re-ed. by Dr. Furnivall. Pt. I. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>120. <b>The Rule of St. Benet</b>, in Northern Prose and Verse, +& Caxton’s Summary, ed. Dr. E. A. Kock. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1902</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>121. <b>The Laud MS. Troy-Book</b>, ed. from the unique Laud MS. +595, by Dr. J. E. Wülfing. Part I. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>122. <b>The Laud MS. Troy-Book</b>, ed. from the unique Laud MS. +595, by Dr. J. E. Wülfing. Part II. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1903</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>123. <b>Robert of Brunne’s Handlyng Synne</b> (1303), and its +French original, re-ed. by Dr. Furnivall. Pt. II. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>124. <b>Twenty-six Political and other Poems</b> from Digby MS. +102 &c, ed. by Dr. J. Kail. Part I. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1904</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>125. <b>Medieval Records of a London City Church</b>, ed. Henry +Littlehales. Pt. 1. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>126. <b>An Alphabet of Tales</b>, in Northern English from Latin, +ed. Mrs. M. M. Banks. Part I. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>127.</p></td> +<td class="date">1905</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5><a name="eets_extra" id="eets_extra"> +<b>EXTRA SERIES.</b></a></h5> + +<p class="center"> +<i>The Publications for</i> 1867-1901 <i>(one guinea each year) +are</i>:—</p> + +<table summary="EETS titles"> +<tr> +<td><p>I. <b>William of Palerne</b>; or, <b>William and the Werwolf.</b> +Re-edited by Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. 13<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1867</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>II. <b>Early English Pronunciation</b> with especial Reference to +Shakspere and Chaucer, by A. J. Ellis, F.R.S. Part I. +10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>III. <b>Caxton’s Book of Curtesye</b>, in Three Versions. Ed. +F. J. Furnivall. 5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1868</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>IV. <b>Havelok the Dane.</b> Re-edited by the Rev. W. W. Skeat, +M.A. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>V. <b>Chaucer’s Boethius.</b> Edited from the two best MSS. by +Rev. Dr. R. Morris 12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>VI. <b>Chevelere Assigne.</b> Re-edited from the unique MS. by +Lord Aldenham, M.A. 3<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>VII. <b>Early English Pronunciation</b>, by A. J. Ellis, F.R.S. +Part II. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1869</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>VIII. <b>Queene Elizabethes Achademy, &c.</b> Ed. F. J. +Furnivall. Essays on early Italian and German Books of Courtesy, by +W. M. Rossetti and Dr. E. Oswald. 13<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>IX. <b>Awdeley’s Fraternitye of Vacabondes, Harmon’s Caveat, +&c.</b> ed. E. Viles & F. J. Furnivall. 7<i>a</i>. +6<i>d.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>X. <b>Andrew Boorde’s Introduction of Knowledge, 1547, Dyetary of +Helth, 1542, Barnes in Defence of the Berde, 1542-3.</b> Ed. F. J. +Furnivall. 18<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1870</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XI. <b>Barbour’s Bruce</b>, Part I. Ed. from MSS. and editions, +by Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. 12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XII. <b>England in Henry VIII’s Time</b>: a Dialogue between +Cardinal Pole & Lupset, by Thom. Starkey, Chaplain to Henry VIII. +Ed. J. M. Cowper. Part II. 12<i>s.</i> (Part I. is No. XXXII, 1878, +8<i>s.</i>)</p></td> +<td class="date">1871</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XIII. <b>A Supplicacyon of the Beggers</b>, by Simon Fish, 1528-9 +<span class="smallroman">A.D</span>., ed. F. J. Furnivall; with +<b>A Supplication to our Moste Soueraigne Lorde; A Supplication of +the Poore Commons</b>; and <b>The Decaye of England by the Great +Multitude of Sheep</b>, ed. by J. M. Cowper, Esq. +6<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XIV. <b>Early English Pronunciation</b>, by A. J. Ellis, Esq., +F.R.S. Part III. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XV. <b>Robert Crowley’s Thirty-One Epigrams, Voyce of the Last +Trumpet, Way to Wealth, &c.</b>, <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>. 1550-1, edited by J. M. Cowper, Esq. +12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1872</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XVI. <b>Chaucer’s Treatise on the Astrolabe.</b> Ed. Rev. +W. W. Skeat, M.A. 6<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XVII. <b>The Complaynt of Scotlande</b>, 1549 <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>., with 4 Tracts (1542-48), ed. Dr. Murray. Part +I. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XVIII. <b>The Complaynt of Scotlande</b>, 1549 <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>., ed. Dr. Murray. Part II. 8<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1873</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XIX. <b>Oure Ladyes Myroure</b>, <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>. 1530, ed. Rev. J. H. Blunt, M.A. +24<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XX. <b>Lovelich’s History of the Holy Grail</b> (ab. 1450 <span +class="smallroman">A.D</span>.), ed. F. J. Furnivall, M.A., Ph.D. +Part I. 8<i>s</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1874</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXI. <b>Barbour’s Bruce</b>, Part II., ed. Rev. W. W. Skeat, M.A. +4<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXII. <b>Henry Brinklow’s Complaynt of Roderyck Mors</b> (ab. +1542): and <b>The Lamentacion of a Christian against the Citie of +London</b>, made by Roderigo Mors, <span class="smallroman">A.D</span>. 1545. Ed. J. M. Cowper. +9<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXIII. <b>Early English Pronunciation</b>, by A. J. Ellis, F.R.S. +Part IV. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXIV.<b> Lovelich’s History of the Holy Grail</b>, ed. F. J. +Furnivall, M.A., Ph.D. Part II. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1875</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXV. <b>Guy of Warwick</b>, 15th-century Version, ed. Prof. +Zupitza. Part I. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXVI. <b>Guy of Warwick</b>, 15th-century Version, ed. Prof. +Zupitza. Part II. 14<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1876</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXVII. <b>Bp. Fisher’s English Works</b> (died 1535). ed. by +Prof. J. E. B. Mayor. Part I, the Text. 16<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXVIII. <b>Lovelich’s Holy Grail</b>, ed. F. J. Furnivall, M.A., +Ph.D. Part III. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1877</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXIX. <b>Barbour’s Bruce.</b> Part III., ed. Rev. W. W. Skeat, +M.A. 21<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXX. <b>Lovelich’s Holy Grail</b>, ed. F. J. Furnivall, M.A., +Ph.D. Part IV. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1878</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXXI. <b>The Alliterative Romance of Alexander and Dindimus</b>, +ed. Rev. W. W. Skeat. 6<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXXII. <b>Starkey’s “England in Henry VIII’s time.”</b> +Pt. I. Starkey’s Life and Letters, ed. S. J. Herrtage. +8<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXXIII. <b>Gesta Romanorum</b> (englisht ab. 1440), ed. S. J. +Herrtage, B.A. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1879</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXXIV. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—1. Sir Ferumbras</b>, from +Ashm. MS. 33, ed. S. J. Herrtage. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXXV. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—2. The Sege off Melayne, Sir +Otuell, &c.</b>, ed. S. J. Herrtage. 12<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1880</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXXVI. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—3. Lyf of Charles the +Grete</b>, Pt. I., ed. S. J. Herrtage. 16<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXXVII. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—4. Lyf of Charles the +Grete</b>, Pt. II., ed. S. J. Herrtage. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1881</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXXVIII. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—5. The Sowdone of +Babylone</b>, ed. Dr. Hausknecht. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XXXIX. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—6. Rauf Colyear, Roland, +Otuel, &c.</b>, ed. S. J. Herrtage, B.A. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1882</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XL. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—7. Huon of Burdeux</b>, by +Lord Berners, ed. S. L. Lee, B. Part I. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XLI. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—8. Huon of Burdeux</b>, by +Lord Berners, ed. S. L. Lee, B. Pt. II. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1883</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XLII. <b>Guy of Warwick</b>: 2 texts (Auchinleck MS. and Cains +MS.), ed. Prof. Zupitza. Part I. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XLIII. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—9. Huon of Burdeux</b>, by +Lord Berners, ed. S. L. Lee, B. Pt. III. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1884</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">9</span> +<!-- png 009 --> +<p>XLIV. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—10. The Four Sons of Aymon</b>, +ed. Miss Octavia Richardson. Pt. I. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1884</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XLV. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—11. The Four Sons of +Aymon</b>, ed. Miss O. Richardson. Pt. II. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1885</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XLVI. <b>Sir Bevis of Hamton</b>, from the Auchinleck and other +MSS., ed. Prof. E. Kölbing, Ph.D. Part I. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XLVII. <b>The Wars of Alexander</b>, ed. Rev. Prof. Skeat, +Litt.D., LL.D. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1886</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XLVIII. <b>Sir Bevis of Hamton</b>, ed. Prof. E. Kölbing, Ph.D. +Part II. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XLIX. <b>Guy of Warwick</b>, 2 texts (Auchinleck and Caius MSS.), +Pt. II., ed. Prof. J. Zupitza, Ph.D. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1887</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>L. <b>Charlemagne Romances:—12. Huon of Burdeux</b>, by +Lord Berners, ed. S. L. Lee, B. Part IV. 5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LI. <b>Torrent of Portyngale</b>, from the unique MS. in the +Chetham Library, ed. E. Adam, Ph.D. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LII. <b>Bullein’s Dialogue against the Feuer Pestilence, 1578</b> +(ed. 1, 1564). Ed. M. & A. H. Bullen. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1888</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LIII. <b>Vicary’s Anatomie of the Body of Man, 1548</b>, ed. +1577, ed. F. J. & Percy Furnivall. Part I. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LIV. <b>Caxton’s Englishing of Alain Chartier’s Curial</b>, ed. +Dr. F. J. Furnivall & Prof. P. Meyer. 5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LV. <b>Barbour’s Bruce</b>, ed. Rev. Prof. Skeat, Litt.D., LL.D. +Part IV. 5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1889</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LVI. <b>Early English Pronunciation</b>, by A. J. Ellis, Esq., +F.R.S. Pt. V., the present English Dialects. 25s.</p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LVII. <b>Caxton’s Eneydos</b>, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1490, coll. with its French, ed. M. T. +Culley, M.A. & Dr. F. J. Furnivall. 13<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1890</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LVIII. <b>Caxton’s Blanchardyn & Eglantine</b>, c. 1489, +extracts from ed. 1595, & French, ed. Dr. L. Kellner. +17<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LIX. <b>Guy of Warwick</b>, 2 texts (Auchinleck and Caius MSS.), +Part III., ed. Prof. J. Zupitza, Ph.D. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1891</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LX. <b>Lydgate’s Temple of Glass</b>, re-edited from the MSS. by +Dr. J. Schick. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXI. <b>Hoccleve’s Minor Poems, I.</b>, from the Phillipps and +Durham MSS., ed. F. J. Furnivall, Ph.D. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1892</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXII. <b>The Chester Plays</b>, re-edited from the MSS. by the +late Dr. Hermann Deimling. Part I. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXIII. <b>Thomas a Kempis’s De Imitatione Christi</b>, englisht +ab. 1440, & 1502, ed. Prof. J. K. Ingram. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1893</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXIV. <b>Caxton’s Godfrey of Boloyne</b>, or <b>Last Siege of +Jerusalem</b>, 1481, ed. Dr. Mary N. Colvin. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXV. <b>Sir Bevis of Hamton</b>, ed. Prof. E. Kölbing, Ph.D. Part +III. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1894</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXVI. <b>Lydgate’s and Burgh’s Secrees of Philisoffres</b>, ab. +1445-50, ed. R. Steele, B.A. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXVII. <b>The Three Kings’ Sons</b>, a Romance, ab. 1500, Part +I., the Text, ed. Dr. Furnivall. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1895</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXVIII. <b>Melusine</b>, the prose Romance, ab. 1500, Part I, the +Text, ed. A. K. Donald. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXIX. <b>Lydgate’s Assembly of the Gods</b>, ed. Prof. Oscar L. +Triggs, M.A., Ph.D. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1896</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXX. <b>The Digby Plays</b>, edited by Dr. F. J. Furnivall. +15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXI. <b>The Towneley Plays</b>, ed. Geo. England and A. W. +Pollard, M.A. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1897</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXII. <b>Hoccleve’s Regement of Princes, 1411-12, and 14 +Poems</b>, edited by Dr. F. J. Furnivall. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXIII. <b>Hoccleve’s Minor Poems, II.</b>, from the Ashburnham +MS., ed. I. Gollancz, M.A. [<i>At Press.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXIV. <b>Secreta Secretorum</b>, 3 prose Englishings, by Jas. +Yonge, 1428, ed. R. Steele, B. Part I. 20<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1898</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXV. <b>Speculum Guidonis de Warwyk</b>, edited by Miss +G. L. Morrill, M.A., Ph.D. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXVI. <b>George Ashby’s Poems, &c.</b>, ed. Miss Mary +Bateson. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1899</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXVII. <b>Lydgate’s DeGuilleville’s Pilgrimage of the Life of +Man</b>, 1426, ed. Dr. F. J. Furnivall. Part I. +10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXVIII. <b>The Life and Death of Mary Magdalene</b>, by +T. Robinson, c. 1620, ed. Dr. H. O. Sommer. +5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXIX. <b>Caxton’s Dialogues, English and French</b>, c. 1483, +ed. Henry Bradley, M.A. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1900</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXX. <b>Lydgate’s Two Nightingale Poems</b>, ed. Dr. Otto +Glauning. 5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXXI. <b>Gower’s Confessio Amantis</b>, edited by G. C. +Macaulay, M.A. Vol. I. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXXII. <b>Gower’s Confessio Amantis</b>, edited by G. C. +Macaulay, M.A. Vol. II. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1901</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXXIII. <b>Lydgate’s DeGuilleville’s Pilgrimage of the Life of +Man</b>, 1426, ed. Dr. F. J. Furnivall. Pt. II. +10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXXIV. <b>Lydgate’s Reason and Sensuality</b>, edited by Dr. +E. Sieper. Part I. 5<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXXV. <b>Alexander Scott’s Poems</b>, 1568, from the unique +Edinburgh MS., ed. A. K. Donald, B.A. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1902</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXXVI. <b>William of Shoreham’s Poems</b>, re-ed. from the +unique MS. by Dr. M. Konrath. Part I. 10<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXXVII. <b>Two Coventry Corpus-Christi Plays</b>, re-edited by +Hardin Craig, M.A. 10<i>s.</i> [<i>At Press.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXXVIII. <b>Le Morte Arthur</b>, re-edited from the Harleian MS. +2252 by Prof. Bruce, Ph.D. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1903</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>LXXXIX. <b>Lydgate’s Reason and Sensuality</b>, edited by Dr. +E. Sieper. Part II. 15<i>s.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XC. <b>William of Shoreham’s Poems</b>, re-ed. from the unique +MS. by Dr. M. Konrath. Part II. [<i>At Press.</i></p></td> +<td class="date">1904</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>XCI.</p></td> +<td class="date">„</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h4><a name="eets_prep" id="eets_prep"> +EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY TEXTS PREPARING.</a></h4> + +<p>Besides the Texts named as at press on p. 12 of the Cover of the +Early English Text Society’s last Books, the following Texts are also +slowly preparing for the Society:—</p> + +<h5><b>ORIGINAL SERIES.</b></h5> + +<div class="hanging close"> + +<p><b>The Earliest English Prose Psalter</b>, ed. Dr. K. D. Buelbring. +Part II.</p> + +<p><b>The Earliest English Verse Psalter</b>, 3 texts, ed. Rev. +R. Harvey, M.A.</p> + +<p><b>Anglo-Saxon Poems</b>, from the Vercelli MS., re-edited by Prof. +I. Gollancz, M.A.</p> + +<p><b>Anglo-Saxon Glosses</b> to Latin Prayers and Hymns, edited by Dr. +F. Holthausen.</p> + +<p><b>All the Anglo-Saxon Homilies and Lives of Saints</b> not +accessible in English editions, including those of the Vercelli MS. +&c., edited by Prof. Napier, M.A., Ph.D.</p> + +<p><b>The Anglo-Saxon Psalms</b>; all the MSS. in Parallel Texts, ed. +Dr. H. Logeman and F. Harsley, B.A.</p> + +<p><b>Beowulf, a critical Text, &c.</b>, edited by a Pupil of the +late Prof. Zupitza, Ph.D.</p> + +<p><b>Byrhtferth’s Handboc</b>, edited by Prof. G. Hempl.</p> + +<p><b>The Seven Sages</b>, in the Northern Dialect, from a Cotton MS., +edited by Dr. Squires.</p> + +<p><b>The Master of the Game, a Book of Huntynge</b> for Hen. V. when +Prince of Wales. (<i>Editor wanted.</i>)</p> + +<p><b>Ailred’s Rule of Nuns, &c.</b>, edited from the Vernon MS., by +the Rev. Canon H. R. Bramley, M.A.</p> + +<p><b>Early English Verse Lives of Saints</b>, Standard Collection, from +the Harl. MS. (<i>Editor wanted.</i><ins class="mycorr" title="close parenthesis missing">) </ins></p> + +<span class="pagenum">10</span> +<!-- png 010 --> + +<p><b>Early English Confessionals</b>, edited by Dr. R. von +Fleischhacker.</p> + +<p><b>A Lapidary</b>, from Lord Tollemache’s MS., &c., edited by Dr. +R. von Fleischhacker.</p> + +<p><b>Early English Deeds and Documents</b>, from unique MSS., ed. Dr. +Lorenz Morsbach.</p> + +<p><b>Gilbert Banastre’s Poems</b>, and other <b>Boccaccio +englishings</b>, ed. by Prof. Dr. Max Förster.</p> + +<p><b>Lanfranc’s Cirurgie</b>, ab. 1400 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, ed. Dr. R. von Fleischhacker, +Part II.</p> + +<p><b>William of Nassington’s Mirror of Life</b>, from Jn. of Waldby, +edited by J. A. Herbert, M.A.</p> + +<p><b>More Early English Wills from the Probate Registry at Somerset +House.</b> (<i>Editor wanted.</i>)</p> + +<p><b>Early Lincoln Wills and Documents from the Bishops’ Registers, +&c.</b>, edited by Dr. F. J. Furnivall.</p> + +<p><b>Early Canterbury Wills</b>, edited by William Cowper, B.A., and +J. Meadows Cowper.</p> + +<p><b>Early Norwich Wills</b>, edited by Walter Rye and F. J. +Furnivall.</p> + +<p><b>The Cartularies of Oseney Abbey and Godstow Nunnery</b>, englisht +ab. 1450, ed. Rev. A. Clark, M.A.</p> + +<p><b>Early Lyrical Poems</b> from the Harl. MS. 2253, re-edited by +Prof. Hall Griffin, M.A.</p> + +<p><b>Alliterative Prophecies</b>, edited from the MSS. by Prof. Brandl, +Ph.D.</p> + +<p><b>Miscellaneous Alliterative Poems</b>, edited from the MSS. by Dr. +L. Morsbach.</p> + +<p><b>Bird and Beast Poems</b>, a collection from MSS., edited by Dr. +K. D. Buelbring.</p> + +<p><b>Scire Mori, &c.</b>, from the Lichfield MS. 16, ed. Mrs. +L. Grindon, LL.A., and Miss Florence Gilbert.</p> + +<p><b>Nicholas Trivet’s French Chronicle</b>, from Sir A. Acland-Hood’s +unique MS., ed. by Miss Mary Bateson.</p> + +<p><b>Early English Homilies</b> in Harl. 2276 &c., c. 1400, ed. +J. Friedländer.</p> + +<p><b>Extracts from the Registers of Boughton</b>, ed. Hy. Littlehales, +Esq.</p> + +<p><b>The Diary of Prior Moore of Worcester</b>, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1518-35, from the unique MS., ed. Henry +Littlehales, Esq.</p> + +<p><b>The Pore Caitif</b>, edited from its MSS., by Mr. Peake.</p> + +<p><b>Thomas Berkley’s englisht Vegetius on the Art of War</b>, MS. 30 +Magd. Coll. Oxf., ed. L. C. Wharton, M.A.</p> +</div> + +<h5><b>EXTRA SERIES.</b></h5> + +<div class="hanging close"> + +<p><b>Bp. Fisher’s English Works</b>, Pt. II., with his <b>Life and +Letters</b>, ed. Rev. Ronald Bayne, B.A. [<i>At Press.</i></p> + +<p><b>Sir Tristrem</b>, from the unique Auchinleck MS., edited by George +F. Black.</p> + +<p><b>John of Arderne’s Surgery</b>, c. 1425, ed. J. F. Payne, M.D.</p> + +<p><b>De Guilleville’s Pilgrimage of the Sowle</b>, edited by Prof. Dr. +Leon Kellner.</p> + +<p><b>Vicary’s Anatomie, 1548</b>, from the unique MS. copy by George +Jeans, edited by F. J. & Percy Furnivall.</p> + +<p><b>Vicary’s Anatomie, 1548</b>, ed. 1577, edited by F. J. & Percy +Furnivall. Part II. [<i>At Press.</i></p> + +<p><b>A Compilacion of Surgerye</b>, from H. de Mandeville and Lanfrank, +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1392, ed. Dr. J. F. +Payne.</p> + +<p><b>William Staunton’s St. Patrick’s Purgatory, &c.</b>, ed. Mr. +G. P. Krapp, U.S.A.</p> + +<p><b>Trevisa’s Bartholomæus de Proprietatibus Rerum</b>, re-edited by +Dr. R. von Fleischhacker.</p> + +<p><b>Bullein’s Dialogue against the Feuer Pestilence</b>, 1564, 1573, +1578. Ed. A. H. and M. Bullen. Pt. II.</p> + +<p><b>The Romance of Boctus and Sidrac</b>, edited from the MSS. by Dr. +K. D. Buelbring.</p> + +<p><b>The Romance of Clariodus</b>, re-edited by Dr. K. D. +Buelbring.</p> + +<p><b>Sir Amadas</b>, re-edited from the MSS. by Dr. K. D. +Buelbring.</p> + +<p><b>Sir Degrevant</b>, edited from the MSS. by Dr. K. Luick.</p> + +<p><b>Robert of Brunne’s Chronicle of England</b>, from the Inner Temple +MS., ed. by Prof. W. E. Mead, Ph.D.</p> + +<p><b>Maundeville’s Voiage and Travaile</b>, re-edited from the Cotton +MS. Titus C. 16, &c., by Miss M. Bateson.</p> + +<p><b>Avowynge of Arthur</b>, re-edited from the unique Ireland MS. by +Dr. K. D. Buelbring.</p> + +<p><b>Guy of Warwick</b>, Copland’s version, edited by a pupil of the +late Prof. Zupitza, Ph.D.</p> + +<p><b>Awdelay’s Poems</b>, re-edited from the unique MS. Douce 302, by +Prof. Dr. E. Wülfing.</p> + +<p><b>The Wyse Chylde</b> and other early Treatises on Education, +Northwich School, Harl. 2099 &c., ed. G. Collar, B.A.</p> + +<p><b>Caxton’s Dictes and Sayengis of Philosophirs</b>, 1477, with Lord +Tollemache’s MS. version, ed. S. I. Butler, Esq.</p> + +<p><b>Caxton’s Book of the Ordre of Chyualry</b>, collated with +Loutfut’s Scotch copy. (<i>Editor wanted.</i>)</p> + +<p><b>Lydgate’s Court of Sapience</b>, edited by Dr. Borsdorf.</p> + +<p><b>Lydgate’s Lyfe of oure Lady</b>, ed. by Prof. Georg Fiedler, +Ph.D.</p> + +<p><b>Lydgate’s Dance of Death</b>, edited by Miss Florence Warren.</p> + +<p><b>Lydgate’s Life of St. Edmund</b>, edited from the MSS. by Dr. Axel +Erdmann.</p> + +<p><b>Lydgate’s Triumph Poems</b>, edited by Dr. E. Sieper.</p> + +<p><b>Lydgate’s Minor Poems</b>, edited by Dr. Otto Glauning.</p> + +<p><b>Richard Coer de Lion</b>, re-edited from Harl. MS. 4690, by Prof. +Hausknecht, Ph.D.</p> + +<p><b>The Romance of Athelstan</b>, re-edited by a pupil of the late +Prof. J. Zupitza, Ph.D.</p> + +<p><b>The Romance of Sir Degare</b>, re-edited by Dr. Breul.</p> + +<p><b>Mulcaster’s Positions</b> 1581, and <b>Elementarie</b> 1582, ed. +Dr. Th. Klaehr, Dresden.</p> + +<p><b>Walton’s verse Boethius de Consolatione</b>, edited by Mark H. +Liddell, U.S.A.</p> + +<p><b>The Gospel of Nichodemus</b>, edited by Ernest Riedel.</p> + +<p><b>Sir Landeval and Sir Launfal</b>, edited by Dr. Zimmermann.</p> + +<p><b>Rolland’s Seven Sages</b>, the Scottish version of 1560, edited by +George F. Black.</p> +</div> + +<hr class="mid"> + +<p>The Subscription to the Society, which constitutes membership, is +£1 1<i>s.</i> a year for the <span class="smallcaps">Original +Series</span>, and £1 1<i>s.</i> for the <span class="smallcaps">Extra Series</span>, due in advance on the 1st of <span +class="smallcaps">January</span>, and should be paid by Cheque, Postal +Order, or Money-Order, crost ‘Union Bank of London,’ to the Hon. +Secretary, <span class="smallcaps">W. A. Dalziel</span>, Esq., +67, Victoria Road, Finsbury Park, London, N. Members who want their +Texts posted to them must add to their prepaid Subscriptions 1<i>s.</i> +for the Original Series, and 1<i>s.</i> for the Extra Series, yearly. +The Society’s Texts are also sold separately at the prices put after +them in the Lists; but Members can get back-Texts at one-third less than +the List-prices by sending the cash for them in advance to the Hon. +Secretary.</p> + +<h4>Footnotes: EETS Texts</h4> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<span class="pagenum">4</span> + +<p><a name="eets_note_1" id="eets_note_1" href="#eets_tag_1">1.</a> +He was born about 1295. See Abbé <span class="smallcaps">Gouget’s</span> <i>Bibliothèque française</i>, Vol. IX, +p. 73-4.—P. M. The Roxburghe Club printed the 1st +version in 1893.</p> + +<p><a name="eets_note_2" id="eets_note_2" href="#eets_tag_2">2.</a> +The Roxburghe Club’s copy of this 2nd version was lent to Mr. Currie, +and unluckily burnt too with his other MSS.</p> + +<p><a name="eets_note_3" id="eets_note_3" href="#eets_tag_3">3.</a> +These 3 MSS. have not yet been collated, but are believed to be all of +the same version.</p> + +<p><a name="eets_note_4" id="eets_note_4" href="#eets_tag_4">4.</a> +Another MS. is in the Pepys Library.</p> + +<p><a name="eets_note_5" id="eets_note_5" href="#eets_tag_5">5.</a> +According to Lord Aldenham’s MS.</p> + +<p><a name="eets_note_6" id="eets_note_6" href="#eets_tag_6">6.</a> +These were printed in France, late in the 15th or early in the 16th +century.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">5</span> + +<p><a name="eets_note_7" id="eets_note_7" href="#eets_tag_7">7.</a> +15th cent., containing only the <i>Vie humaine</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="eets_note_8" id="eets_note_8" href="#eets_tag_8">8.</a> +15th cent., containing all the 3 Pilgrimages, the 3rd being Jesus +Christ’s.</p> + +<p><a name="eets_note_9" id="eets_note_9" href="#eets_tag_9">9.</a> +14th cent., containing the <i>Vie humaine</i> and the 2nd Pilgrimage, +<i>de l’Ame</i>: both incomplete.</p> + +<p><a name="eets_note_10" id="eets_note_10" href="#eets_tag_10">10.</a> +Ab. 1430, 106 leaves (leaf 1 of text wanting), with illuminations of +nice little devils—red, green, tawny, &c—and damnd +souls, fires, angels &c.</p> + +<p><a name="eets_note_11" id="eets_note_11" href="#eets_tag_11">11.</a> +Of these, Mr. Harsley is preparing a new edition, with collations of all +the MSS. Many copies of Thorpe’s book, not issued by the Ælfric Society, +are still in stock.</p> + +<p>Of the Vercelli Homilies, the Society has bought the copy made by +Prof. G. Lattanzi.</p> +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div eets --> + +<hr> + +<div class="titlepage"> + +<!-- png 011 --> +<h1 class="three">Meals and Manners</h1> + +<p> </p> + +<h1 class="six">in</h1> + +<p> </p> + +<h1 class="three">Olden Time.</h1> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<!-- png 012 --> +<h2 class="three"> +BERLIN: ASHER & CO., 5, UNTER DEN LINDEN.</h2> + +<h2 class="three"> +NEW YORK: C. SCRIBNER & CO.; LEYPOLDT & HOLT.</h2> + +<h2 class="three"> +PHILADELPHIA: J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.</h2> + +</div> + +<!-- png 013 --> +<p class="mynote"> +The following title page is identical to the one shown at the <a class="external" href="#titlepic">beginning of the e-text</a>.</p> + +<div class="titlepage"> + +<h1 class="three"><a name="titletext" id="titletext"> +Early English Text Society.</a></h1> + +<h2 class="two">Original Series, 32.</h2> + +<hr> + +<h1 class="two">Early English</h1> + +<h1>Meals and Manners:</h1> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<h1 class="three">John Russell’s Boke of Nurture,</h1> +<h1 class="four">Wynkyn de Worde’s Boke of Keruynge,</h1> +<h1 class="four">The Boke of Curtasye,</h1> +<h1 class="five">R. Weste’s +<span class="extended">Booke of Demeano</span>r,</h1> +<h1 class="four">Seager’s Schoole of Vertue,</h1> + +<p> </p> + +<h1 class="seven">The Babees Book, Aristotle’s ABC, Urbanitatis,<br> +Stans Puer ad Mensam, The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil Boke,<br> +For to serve a Lord, Old Symon, The Birched School-Boy,<br> +&c. &c.</h1> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<h1 class="seven">with some</h1> + +<h1 class="six">Forewords on Education in Early England.</h1> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p> </p> + +<h2 class="three">EDITED BY</h2> +<h2 class="one">FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL, M.A.,</h2> +<h2 class="three">TRIN. HALL, CAMBRIDGE.</h2> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<h2 class="two">LONDON:</h2> +<h2 class="three">PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY</h2> +<h2 class="two smallcaps">By KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRÜBNER & CO., +LIMITED,</h2> +<h2 class="three">DRYDEN HOUSE, 43, GERRARD STREET, SOHO, W.<br> +1868.<br> +[<i>Re-printed 1894, 1904.</i>]</h2> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<!-- png 014 --> +<h1 class="seven">Original Series, 32.</h1> + +<h2 class="three"><i>Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London and +Bungay.</i></h2> + +</div> <!-- end div titlepage --> + +<!-- png 015 --> + +<div class="dedic"> + +<hr class="mid"> + +<h2 class="two">DEDICATED</h2> + +<h2 class="three">TO</h2> + +<h2 class="two">THE HISTORIAN OF “THE EARLY & MIDDLE AGES OF +ENGLAND,”</h2> + +<h1 class="four">Charles H. Pearson, Esq., M.A.,</h1> + +<h2 class="three">FELLOW OF ORIEL COLLEGE, OXFORD,<br> +LATE PROFESSOR OF HISTORY<br> +AT KING’S COLLEGE, LONDON,</h2> + +<h2 class="two">IN ADMIRATION OF HIS LEARNING</h2> + +<h2 class="three">AND</h2> + +<h2 class="two">IN GRATITUDE FOR HIS HELP,</h2> + +<h2 class="one">BY THE EDITOR</h2> + +<hr class="mid"> + +</div> + +<!-- png 016 --> + +<p class="deephang"> +<b>Notice.</b> The <i>Russell</i> and <i>De Worde</i> of this work were +issued, with <i>Rhodes’s Boke of Nurture</i>, to the Roxburghe Club, in +4to, in 1867. The whole of the work (except p. 361), with Rhodes, +and some short poems in English, French, and Latin, was issued to the +Early English Text Society, in 8vo, in 1868, with the title <i>The +Babees Book</i>, &c. (<i>Manners and Meals in Olden Time</i>).</p> + +<div class="preface"> + +<span class="pagenum">i</span> +<a name="pagei" id="pagei"> </a> +<!-- png 019 --> +<h4><a name="preface_general" id="preface_general">FOREWORDS.</a></h4> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p>“The naturall maister Aristotell saith that euery body be the course +of nature is enclyned to here & se all that refressheth & +quickeneth the spretys of man<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_1" id="pref_gen_tag_1" href="#pref_gen_note_1">1</a> / wherfor I haue thus +in this boke folowinge<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_2" id="pref_gen_tag_2" href="#pref_gen_note_2">2</a>” gathered together +divers treatises touching the Manners & Meals of Englishmen in +former days, & have added therto divers figures of men of old, at +meat & in bed,<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_3" id="pref_gen_tag_3" href="#pref_gen_note_3">3</a> to the end that, to my +fellows here & to come, the home life of their forefathers may be +somewhat more plain, & their own minds somewhat rejoiced.</p> + +<p>The treatises here collected consist of a main one—John +Russell’s <i>Boke of Nurture</i>, to which I have written a separate +preface<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_4" id="pref_gen_tag_4" +href="#pref_gen_note_4">4</a>—extracts and short books +illustrating Russell, like the <i>Booke of Demeanor</i> and <i>Boke of +Curtasy</i>, and certain shorter poems addressed partly to those whom +Cotgrave calls “<i>Enfans de famille</i>, Yonkers of account, youthes +<span class="pagenum">ii</span> +<a name="pageii" id="pageii"> </a> +<!-- png 020 --> +of good houses, children of rich parents (yet aliue),” partly to carvers +and servants, partly to schoolboys, partly to people in general, or at +least those of them who were willing to take advice as to how they +should mend their manners and live a healthy life.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +EDWARD THE FOURTH’S HENCHMEN</p> + +<p>The persons to whom the last poems of the present collection are +addressed, the</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p class="in3"> +yonge Babees, whom<i>e</i> bloode Royall<i>e</i></p> +<p>With<i>e</i> grace, feture, and hyhe habylite</p> +<p>Hath<i>e</i> en<i>ou</i>rmyd,</p> +</div> + +<p>the “Bele Babees” and “swete Children,” may be likened to the “young +gentylmen, Henxmen,—VI Enfauntes, or more, as it shall please the +Kinge,”—at Edward the Fourth’s Court; and the authors or +translators of the Bokes in this volume, somewhat to that sovereign’s +Maistyr of Henxmen, whose duty it was</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“to shew the schooles<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_5" id="pref_gen_tag_5" href="#pref_gen_note_5">5</a> of urbanitie and +nourture of Englond, to lerne them to ryde clenely and surely; to drawe +them also to justes; to lerne them were theyre barneys; to haue all +curtesy in wordes, dedes, and degrees; dilygently to kepe them in rules +of goynges and sittinges, after they be of honour. Moreover to teche +them sondry languages, and othyr lerninges vertuous, to harping, to +pype, sing, daunce, and with other honest and temperate behaviour and +patience; and to kepe dayly and wekely with these children dew +convenity, with corrections in theyre chambres, according to suche +gentylmen; and eche of them to be used to that thinge of vertue that he +shall be moste apt to lerne, with remembraunce dayly of Goddes servyce +accustumed. This maistyr sittith in the halle, next unto these Henxmen, +at the same boarde, to have his respecte unto theyre demeanynges, howe +manerly they ete and drinke, and to theyre communication and other +formes curiall, after <i>the booke of urbanitie</i>.” (Liber Niger in +<i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 45.)</p> + +<p>That these young Henxmen were gentlemen, is expressly stated,<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_6" id="pref_gen_tag_6" href="#pref_gen_note_6">6</a> +<span class="pagenum">iii</span> +<a name="pageiii" id="pageiii"> </a> +<!-- png 021 --> +and they had “everyche of them an honest servaunt to keepe theyre +chambre and harneys, and to aray hym in this courte whyles theyre +maisters he present in courte.” I suppose that when they grew up, +some became Esquires, and then their teaching would prove of use, +for</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“These Esquiers of houshold of old [were] accustumed, wynter and sumer, +in aftyrnoones and in eveninges, to drawe to lordes chambres within +courte, there to kepe honest company aftyr theyre cunnynge, in talkyng +of cronycles of Kings and of other polycyes, or in pypeyng or harpyng, +synging, or other actes martialles, to help occupy the courte, and +accompany straungers, tyll the tyme require of departing.”</p> + +<p>But that a higher station than an Esquier’s was in store for some of +these henchmen, may be known from the history of one of them. Thomas +Howard, eldest son of Sir John Howard, knight (who was afterwards Duke +of Norfolk, and killed at Bosworth Field), was among these henchmen or +pages, ‘enfauntes’ six or more, of Edward IV.’s. He was made Duke of +Norfolk for his splendid victory over the Scots at Flodden, and Anne +Boleyn and Catherine Howard were his granddaughters. Among the ‘othyr +lerninges vertuous’ taught +<span class="pagenum">iv</span> +<a name="pageiv" id="pageiv"> </a> +<!-- png 022 --> +him at Edward’s court was no doubt that of drawing, for we find that ‘He +was buried with much pomp at Thetford Abbey under a tomb designed by +himself and master Clarke, master of the works at King’s College, +Cambridge, & Wassel a freemason of Bury S. Edmund’s.’ Cooper’s +<i>Ath. Cant.</i>, i. p. 29, col. 2.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +RICH MEN’S EDUCATION IN EARLY ENGLAND.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_educ" id="pref_gen_educ">The question of</a> +the social rank of these Bele Babees<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_6a" id="pref_gen_tag_6a" href="#pref_gen_note_6a">6a</a>, children, and <i>Pueri</i> who stood at +tables, opens up the whole subject of upper-class education in early +times in England. It is a subject that, so far as I can find, has never +yet been separately treated<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_7" id="pref_gen_tag_7" href="#pref_gen_note_7">7</a>, and I therefore throw +together such few notices as the kindness of friends<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_8" id="pref_gen_tag_8" href="#pref_gen_note_8">8</a> and my own chance grubbings have collected; +these as a sort of stopgap till the appearance of Mr Anstey’s volume on +early Oxford Studies in the <i>Chronicles and Memorials</i>, +a volume which will, I trust, give us a complete account of +early education in our land. If it should not, I hope that Mr Quick +will carry his pedagogic researches past Henry VIII.’s time, or that one +of our own members will take the subject up. It is worthy of being +thoroughly worked out. For convenience’ sake, the notices I have +mentioned are arranged under six heads:</p> + +<div class="inset"> +<p><a href="#pref_educ1">1.</a> Education in Nobles’ houses.</p> +<p><a href="#pref_educ2">2.</a> At Home and at Private Tutors’, p. +xvii. (<a href="#pref_educ_girls">Girls</a>, p. xxv.)</p> +<p><a href="#pref_educ3">3.</a> At English Universities, p. xxvi.</p> +<p><a href="#pref_educ4">4.</a> At Foreign Universities, p. xl.</p> +<p><a href="#pref_educ5">5.</a> At Monastic and Cathedral Schools, p. +xli.</p> +<p><a href="#pref_educ6">6.</a> At Grammar Schools, p. lii.</p> +</div> + +<p>One consideration should be premised, that manly exercises, manners +and courtesy, music and singing, knowledge of the order of precedency of +ranks, and ability to carve, were in early times more important than +Latin and Philosophy. ‘Aylmar þe kyng’ gives these directions to +Athelbrus, his steward, as to Horn’s education:</p> +<span class="pagenum">v</span> +<a name="pagev" id="pagev"> </a> +<!-- png 023 --> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Stiwarde, tak nu here</p> +<span class="sidenote">228</span> +<p>Mi fundlyng for to lere</p> +<p>Of þine meste<i>re</i>,</p> +<p>Of wude <i>and</i> of riuere;</p> +<p><i>And</i> tech him to harpe</p> +<span class="sidenote">232</span> +<p>Wiþ his nayles scharpe;</p> +<p>Biuore me to kerue,</p> +<p>And of þe cupe serue;</p> +<p>Þu tech him of alle þe liste (craft, AS. <i>list</i>)</p> +<span class="sidenote">236</span> +<p>Þat þu eure of wiste;</p> +<p>[And] his feiren þou wise (mates thou teach)</p> +<p>Into oþere s<i>er</i>uise.</p> +<p>Horn þu underuonge,</p> +<span class="sidenote">240</span> +<p><i>And</i> tech him of harpe <i>and</i> songe.</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +<i>King Horn</i>, E. E. T. Soc., 1866, ed. Lumby, p. 7.<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_9" id="pref_gen_tag_9" href="#pref_gen_note_9">9</a></p> + +<p>So in Romances and Ballads of later date, we find</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>The child was taught great nurterye;</p> +<p>a Master had him vnder his care,</p> +<p class="in1">& taught him <i>curtesie</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +<i>Tryamore</i>, in Bp. Percy’s Folio MS. vol. ii. ed. 1867.</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>It was the worthy Lord of learen,</p> +<p class="in1">he was a lord of hie degree;</p> +<p>he had noe more children but one sonne,</p> +<p class="in1">he sett him to schoole to learne <i>curtesie</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +<i>Lord of Learne</i>, Bp. Percy’s Folio MS. vol. i. p. 182, ed. +1867.</p> + +<p>Chaucer’s Squire, as we know, at twenty years of age</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p class="in3">hadde ben somtyme in chivachie,</p> +<p>In Flaundres, in Artoys, and in Picardie,</p> +<p>And born him wel, as in so litel space,</p> +<p>In hope to stonden in his lady grace ...</p> +<p>Syngynge he was, or flowtynge, al the day ...</p> +<p>Wel cowde he sitte on hors, and wel cowde ryde.</p> +<p>He cowde songes wel make and endite,</p> +<p>Justne and eek daunce, and wel purtray and write ...</p> +<p>Curteys he was, lowly, and servysable,</p> +<p>And carf beforn his fadur at the table.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_10" id="pref_gen_tag_10" href="#pref_gen_note_10">10</a></p> +</div> + +<p>Which of these accomplishments would Cambridge or Oxford teach? Music +alone.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_10a" id="pref_gen_tag_10a" +href="#pref_gen_note_10a">10a</a> That, as Harrison says, was one of +the Quadrivials, +<span class="pagenum">vi</span> +<a name="pagevi" id="pagevi"> </a> +<!-- png 024 --> +‘arithmetike, musike, geometrie, and astronomie.’ The Trivium was +grammar, rhetoric, and logic.</p> + +<p class="headnote section"> +HOUSES OF NOBLES AND CHANCELLORS WERE SCHOOLS.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_educ1" id="pref_educ1">1.</a> +The chief places of education for the sons of our nobility and gentry +were the houses of other nobles, and specially those of the Chancellors +of our Kings, men not only able to read and write, talk Latin and French +themselves, but in whose hands the Court patronage lay. As early as +Henry the Second’s time (<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> +1154-62), if not before<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_11" id="pref_gen_tag_11" href="#pref_gen_note_11">11</a>, this system +prevailed. A friend notes that Fitz-Stephen says of Becket:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“The nobles of the realm of England and of neighbouring kingdoms used to +send their sons to serve the Chancellor, whom he trained with honourable +bringing-up and learning; and when they had received the knight’s belt, +sent them back with honour to their fathers and kindred: some he used to +keep. The king himself, his master, entrusted to him his son, the heir +of the realm, to be brought up; whom he had with him, with many sons of +nobles of the same age, and their proper retinue and masters and proper +servants in the honour due.” —<i>Vita S. Thomæ</i>, +pp. 189, 190, ed. Giles.</p> + +<p>Roger de Hoveden, a Yorkshireman, who was a clerk or secretary to +Henry the Second, says of Richard the Lionheart’s unpopular chancellor, +Longchamps the Bishop of Ely:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“All the sons of the nobles acted as his servants, with downcast looks, +nor dared they to look upward towards the heavens unless it so happened +that they were addressing him; and if they attended to anything else +they were pricked with a goad, which their lord held in his hand, fully +mindful of his grandfather of pious memory, who, being of servile +condition in the district of Beauvais, had, for his occupation, to guide +the plough and whip up the oxen; and who at length, to gain his liberty, +fled to the Norman territory.” (Riley’s <i>Hoveden</i>, ii. 232, quoted +in <i>The Cornhill Magazine</i>, vol. xv. p. 165.)<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_12" id="pref_gen_tag_12" href="#pref_gen_note_12">12</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">vii</span> +<a name="pagevii" id="pagevii"> </a> +<!-- png 025 --> +<p>All Chancellors were not brutes of this kind, but we must remember +that young people were subjected to rough treatment in early days. Even +so late as Henry VI.’s time, Agnes Paston sends to London on the 28th of +January, 1457, to pray the master of her son of 15, that if the boy +“hath not done well, nor will not amend,” his master Greenfield “will +truly belash him till he will amend.” And of the same lady’s treatment +of her marriageable daughter, Elizabeth, Clere writes on the 29th of +June, 1454,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“She (the daughter) was never in so great sorrow as she is now-a-days, +for she may not speak with no man, whosoever come, ne not may see nor +speak with my man, nor with servants of her mother’s, but that she +beareth her on hand otherwise than she meaneth; and she hath since +Easter the most part been beaten once in the week or twice, and +sometimes twice on a day, and her head broken in two or three places.” +(v. i. p. 50, col. 1, ed. 1840.)</p> + +<p>The treatment of Lady Jane Grey by her parents was also very severe, +as she told Ascham, though she took it meekly, as her sweet nature +was:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“One of the greatest benefites that God ever gave me, is, that he sent +me so sharpe and severe Parentes, and so jentle a scholemaster. For when +I am in presence either of father or mother, whether I speake, kepe +silence, sit, stand, or go, eate, drinke, be merie or sad, be sewyng, +plaiyng, dauncing, or doing anie thing els, I must do it, as it +were, in soch weight, mesure, and number, even so perfitelie as God made +the world, or els I am so sharplie taunted, so cruellie threatened; yea +presentlie some tymes, with pinches, nippes, and bobbes, and other waies +which I will not name for the honor I beare them, so without measure +misordered, that I thinke my self in hell till tyme cum that I must go +to <i>M. Elmer</i>, who teacheth me so jentlie, so pleasantlie, with +soch faire allurementes to learning, that I thinke all the tyme nothing +whiles I am with him. And when I am called from him, I fall on +weeping.” —<i>The Scholemaster</i>, ed. Mayor.</p> + +<p>The inordinate beating<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_13" id="pref_gen_tag_13" href="#pref_gen_note_13">13</a> of boys by +schoolmasters—whom he +<span class="pagenum">viii</span> +<a name="pageviii" id="pageviii"> </a> +<!-- png 026 --> +calls in different places ‘sharp, fond, & lewd’<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_14" id="pref_gen_tag_14" href="#pref_gen_note_14">14</a>—Ascham denounces strongly in the first +book of his <i>Scholemaster</i>, and he contrasts their folly in beating +into their scholars the hatred of learning with the practice of the wise +riders who by gentle allurements breed them up in the love of riding. +Indeed, the origin of his book was Sir Wm. Cecil’s saying to him “I have +strange news brought me this morning, that divers scholars of Eton be +run away from the school for fear of beating.”</p> + +<p>Sir Peter Carew, says Mr Froude, being rather a troublesome boy, was +chained in the Haccombe dog-kennel till he ran away from it.</p> + +<p>But to return to the training of young men in nobles’ houses. +I take the following from Fiddes’s Appendix to his Life of +Wolsey:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>John de Athon</i>, upon the Constitutions of <i>Othobon, tit.</i> 23, +in respect to the Goods of such who dyed intestate, and upon the Word +<i>Barones</i>, has the following Passage concerning <i>Grodsted</i> +Bishop of <i>Lincoln</i><a class="tag" href="#pref_gen_note_15">15</a> (who died 9th Oct., 1253),—</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +BP. GROSSETETE TAUGHT NOBLES’ SONS.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“Robert surnamed Grodsted of holy memory, late Bishop of Lincoln, when +King Henry asked him, as if in wonder, where he learnt the Nurture in +which he had instructed the sons of nobles (&) peers of the Realm, +whom he kept about him as pages (<i>domisellos</i><a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_16" id="pref_gen_tag_16" href="#pref_gen_note_16">16</a>),—since he was not descended from a +noble lineage, but from humble (parents)—is said to have answered +fearlessly, ‘In the house or guest-chambers +<span class="pagenum">ix</span> +<a name="pageix" id="pageix"> </a> +<!-- png 027 --> +of greater kings than the King of England’; because he had learnt from +understanding the scriptures the manner of life of David, Solomon, & +other Kings<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_15" id="pref_gen_tag_15" href="#pref_gen_note_15">15</a>.”</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>Reyner,</i> in his <i>Apostol. Bened.</i> from <i>Saunders</i> +acquaints us, that the Sons of the Nobility were placed with +<i>Whiting</i> Abbot of <i>Glastenbury</i> for their Education, who was +contemporary with the Cardinal, and which Method of Education was +continued for some Time afterward.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +There is in the Custody of the present Earl of <i>Stafford</i>, +a Nobleman of the greatest Humanity and Goodness, an Original of +Instructions, by the Earl of <i>Arundell</i>, written in the Year 1620, +for the Benefit of his younger Son, the Earl of <i>Stafford’s</i> +Grandfather, under this Title;</p> + +<p class="center ital"> +Instructions for you my Son <em>William</em>, how to behave your self at +<em>Norwich</em>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +In these Instructions is the following paragraph, “You shall in all +Things reverence honour and obey my Lord Bishop of <i>Norwich</i>, as +you would do any of your Parents, esteeminge whatsoever He shall tell or +Command you, as if your Grandmother of <i>Arundell</i>, your Mother, or +my self, should say it; and in all things esteem your self as my Lord’s +Page; a breeding which youths of my house far superior to you were +accustomed unto, as my Grandfather of <i>Norfolk</i>, and his Brother my +good Uncle of <i>Northampton</i> were both bred as Pages with Bishopps, +<i>&c</i>.”</p> + +<p>Sir Thomas More, who was born in 1480, was brought up in the house of +Cardinal Morton. Roper says that he was</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“received into the house of the right reverend, wise, and learned +prelate Cardinal Morton, where, though he was young of years, yet would +he at Christmas-tide suddenly sometimes step in among the players, and +never studying for the matter make a part of his own there presently +among them, which made the lookers on more sport than all the players +beside. In whose wit and towardness the Cardinal much delighting would +say of him unto the nobles that divers times dined with him, <i>This +child here waiting at the table, Whosoever shall live to see it, will +prove a marvellous man.</i> Whereupon for his better furtherance in +learning he placed him at Oxford, &c.” (Roper’s <i>Life of More</i>, +ed. Singer, 1822, p. 3.)</p> + +<p>Cresacre More in his <i>Life of More</i> (ed. 1828, p. 17) states the +same thing more fully, and gives the remark of the Cardinal more +accurately, thus:— “that that boy there waiting <i>on him</i>, +whoever should live to see it, would prove a marvellous rare man.”<a +class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_17" id="pref_gen_tag_17" href="#pref_gen_note_17">17</a></p> + +<p class="headnote"> +YOUNG NOBLES IN WOLSEY’S HOUSEHOLD.</p> + +<p>Through Wolsey’s household, says Professor Brewer, almost all the +<span class="pagenum">x</span> +<a name="pagex" id="pagex"> </a> +<!-- png 028 --> +Officials of Henry the Eighth’s time passed. Cavendish, in his Life of +Wolsey (vol. i. p. 38, ed. Singer, 1825) says of the Cardinal, “And +at meals, there was continually in his chamber a board kept for his +Chamberlains, and Gentlemen Ushers, having with them <i>a mess of the +young Lords</i>, and another for gentlemen.” Among these young Lords, we +learn at p. 57, was</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“my Lord Percy, the son and heir of the Earl of Northumberland, +[who] then attended upon the Lord Cardinal, and was also his servitor; +and when it chanced the Lord Cardinal at any time to repair to the +court, the Lord Percy would then resort for his pastime unto the queen’s +chamber, and there would fall in dalliance among the queen’s maidens, +being at the last more conversant with Mistress Anne Boleyn than with +any other; so that there grew such a secret love between them that, at +length they were insured together, intending to marry<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_18" id="pref_gen_tag_18" href="#pref_gen_note_18">18</a>.”</p> + +<p>Among the persons daily attendant upon Wolsey in his house, +down-lying and up-rising, Cavendish enumerates “of Lords nine or ten, +who had each of them allowed two servants; and the Earl of Derby had +allowed five men” (p. 36-7). On this Singer prints a note, which +looks like a guess, signed <i>Growe</i>, “Those Lords that were placed +in the great and privy chambers were <i>Wards</i>, and as such paid for +their board and education.” It will be seen below that he had a +particular officer called “Instructor of his Wards” (<i>Cavendish</i>, +p. 38, l. 2). Why I suppose the note to be a guess is, because +at p. 33 Cavendish has stated that Wolsey “had also a great number +daily attending upon him, both of noblemen and worthy gentlemen, of +great estimation and possessions,—with no small number of the +tallest yeomen that he could get in all his realm; in so much that well +was that nobleman and gentleman that might prefer any tall and comely +yeoman unto his service.”</p> + +<p>In the household of the Earl of Northumberland in 1511 were “..yong +gentlemen at their fryndes fynding,<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_19" id="pref_gen_tag_19" href="#pref_gen_note_19">19</a> in my lords house for +<span class="pagenum">xi</span> +<a name="pagexi" id="pagexi"> </a> +<!-- png 029 --> +the hoole yere” and “Haunsmen ande Yong Gentlemen at thir Fryndes +fynding v[j] (As to say, Hanshmen iij. And Yong Gentlemen iij” +p. 254,) no doubt for the purpose of learning manners, &c. And +that such youths would be found in the house of every noble of +importance I believe, for as Walter Mapes (? ab. 1160-90 <span +class="smallroman">A.D.</span>) says of the great nobles, in his poem +<i>De diversis ordinibus hominum</i>, the example of manners goes out +from their houses, <i>Exemplar morum domibus procedit eorum</i>. That +these houses were in some instances only the finishing schools for our +well-born young men after previous teaching at home and at College is +possible (though the cases of Sir Thomas More and Ascham are exactly the +other way), but the Lord Percy last named had a schoolmaster in his +house, “The Maister of Graimer j”, p. 254; “Lyverays for the +Maister of Gramer<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_20" id="pref_gen_tag_20" href="#pref_gen_note_20">20</a> in Housholde: Item +Half a Loof of Houshold Breide, a Pottell of Beere, and two White +Lyghts,” p. 97. “Every Scolemaister techyng Grammer in the Hous C +<i>s</i>.” (p. 47, 51). Edward IV.’s henxmen were taught grammar; +and if the Pastons are to be taken as a type of their class, our nobles +and gentry at the end of the 15th century must have been able to read +and write freely. Chaucer’s Squire could write, and though the custom of +sealing deeds and not signing them prevailed, more or less, till Henry +VIII.’s time, it is doubtful whether this implied inability of the +sealers to write. Mr Chappell says that in Henry VIII.’s time half our +nobility were then writing ballads. Still, the bad spelling and grammar +of most of the letters up to that period, and the general ignorance of +our upper classes were, says Professor Brewer, the reason why the whole +government of the country was in the hands of ecclesiastics. Even in +Henry the Eighth’s +<span class="pagenum">xii</span> +<a name="pagexii" id="pagexii"> </a> +<!-- png 030 --> +time, Sir Thomas Boleyn is said to have been the only noble at Court who +could speak French with any degree of fluency, and so was learned enough +to be sent on an embassy abroad. But this may be questioned. Yet Wolsey, +speaking to his Lord Chamberlain and Comptroller when they</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +KNOWLEDGE OF FRENCH.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“showed him that it seemed to them there should be some noblemen and +strangers [Henry VIII. and his courtiers masked] arrived at his bridge, +as ambassadors from some foreign prince. With that, quoth the Cardinal, +‘I shall desire you, <i>because ye can speak French</i>, to take the +pains to go down into the hall to encounter and to receive them, +according to their estates, and to conduct them into this chamber’ +(<i>Cavendish</i>, p. 51). Then spake my Lord Chamberlain unto them +<i>in French</i>, declaring my Lord Cardinal’s mind (p. 53).”</p> + +<p>The general<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_21" id="pref_gen_tag_21" href="#pref_gen_note_21">21</a> opinion of our +gentry as to the study of Letters, before and about 1500 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, is probably well represented by the opinion of +one of them stated by Pace, in his Prefatory Letter to Colet, prefixed +to the former’s <i>De Fructu</i><a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_22" id="pref_gen_tag_22" href="#pref_gen_note_22">22</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xiii</span> +<a name="pagexiii" id="pagexiii"> </a> +<!-- png 031 --> + +<p class="inset"> +It remains that I now explain to you what moves me to compile and +publish a treatise with this title. When, two years ago, more or less, +I had returned to my native land from the city of Rome, I was +present at a certain feast, a stranger to many; where, when enough +had been drunk, one or other of the guests—no fool, as one might +infer from his words and countenance—began to talk of educating +his children well. And, first of all, he thought that he must search out +a good teacher for them, and that they should at any rate attend school. +There happened to be present one of those whom we call gentle-men +(<i>generosos</i>), and who always carry some horn hanging at their +backs, as though they would hunt during dinner. He, hearing letters +praised, roused with sudden anger, burst out furiously with these words. +“Why do you talk nonsense, friend?” he said; “A curse on those stupid +letters! all learned men are beggars: even Erasmus, the most learned of +all, is a beggar (as I hear), and in a certain letter of his calls <span +class="greek" title="tên kataraton penian">τήν κατάρατον +πενίαν</span> (that is, execrable poverty) his wife, and vehemently +complains that he cannot shake her off his shoulders right into <span +class="greek" title="bathukêtea ponton">βαθυκήτεα πόντον</span>, +that is, into the deep sea. I swear by God’s body I’d rather that +my son should hang than study letters. For it becomes the sons of +gentlemen to blow the horn nicely (<i>apte</i>), to hunt skilfully, and +elegantly carry and train a hawk. But the study of letters should be +left to the sons of rustics.” At this point I could not restrain myself +from answering something to this most talkative man, in defence of good +letters. “You do not seem to me, good man,” I said, “to think +rightly. For if any foreigner were to come to the king, such as the +ambassadors (<i>oratores</i>) of princes are, and an answer had to be +given to him, your son, if he were educated as you wish, could only blow +his horn, and the learned sons of rustics would be called to answer, and +would be far preferred to your hunter or fowler son; and they, enjoying +their learned liberty, would say to your face, ‘We prefer to be learned, +and, thanks to our learning, no fools, than boast of our fool-like +nobility.’” Then he upon this, looking round, said, “Who is this person +that is talking like this? I don’t know the fellow.” And when some +one whispered in his ear who I was, he muttered something or other in a +low voice to himself; and finding a fool to listen to him, he then +caught hold of a cup of wine. And when he +<span class="pagenum">xiv</span> +<a name="pagexiv" id="pagexiv"> </a> +<!-- png 032 --> +could get nothing to answer, he began to drink, and change the +conversation to other things. And thus I was freed from the disputing of +this mad fellow,—which I was dreadfully afraid would have lasted a +long time,—not by Apollo, like Horace was from his babbler, but by +Bacchus.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +APPRENTICESHIP IN HENRY VII.’S TIME.</p> + +<p>On the general subject it should be noted that Fleta mentions nothing +about boarders or apprentices in his account of household economy; nor +does the <i>Liber Contrarotulatoris Garderobæ Edw. I<sup>mi</sup></i> +mention any young noblemen as part of the King’s household. That among +tradesmen in later times, putting out their children in other houses, +and apprenticeships, were the rule, we know from many statements and +allusions in our literature, and “The Italian Relation of England” +(temp. Hen. VII.) mentions that the Duke of Suffolk was boarded out to a +rich old widow, who persuaded him to marry her (p. 27). It also +says</p> + +<p class="inset"> +The want of affection in the English is strongly manifested towards +their children; for after having kept them at home till they arrive at +the age of 7 or 9 years at the utmost, they put them out, both males and +females, to hard service in the houses of other people, binding them +generally for another 7 or 9 years. And these are called apprentices, +and during that time they perform all the most menial offices; and few +are born who are exempted from this fate, for every one, however rich he +may be, sends away his children into the houses of others, whilst he, in +return, receives those of strangers into his own. And on inquiring their +reason for this severity, they answered that they did it in order that +their children might learn better manners. But I, for my part, believe +that they do it because they like to enjoy all their comforts +themselves, and that they are better served by strangers than they would +be by their own children. Besides which, the English being great +epicures, and very avaricious by nature, indulge in the most delicate +fare themselves and give their household the coarsest bread, and beer, +and cold meat baked on Sunday for the week, which, however, they allow +them in great abundance. That if they had their own children at home, +they would be obliged to give them the same food they made use of for +themselves. That if the English sent their children away from home to +learn virtue and good manners, and took them back again when their +apprenticeship was over, they might, perhaps, be excused; but they never +return, for the girls are settled by their patrons, and the boys make +the best marriages they can, and, assisted by their patrons, not by +their fathers, they also open a house and strive diligently by this +means to make some fortune for themselves; whence it proceeds that, +having no hope of their paternal inheritance, that all become so +<span class="pagenum">xv</span> +<a name="pagexv" id="pagexv"> </a> +<!-- png 033 --> +greedy of gain that they feel no shame in asking, almost “for the love +of God,” for the smallest sums of money; and to this it may be +attributed, that there is no injury that can be committed against the +lower orders of the English, that may not be atoned for by money. +—<i>A Relation of the Island of England</i> (Camden Society, +1847), pp. 24-6.</p> + +<p>“This evidently refers to tradesmen.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_23" id="pref_gen_tag_23" href="#pref_gen_note_23">23</a> The note by the Editor<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_24" id="pref_gen_tag_24" href="#pref_gen_note_24">24</a> however says it was the case with the +children of the first nobility, and gives the terms for the Duke of +Buckingham’s children with Mrs Hexstall. The document only shows that +Mrs Hexstall boarded them by contract ‘during the time of absence of my +Lord and my Ladie.’”</p> + +<p>The Earl of Essex says in a letter to Lord Burleigh, 1576, printed in +Murdin’s <i>State Papers</i>, p. 301-2.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“Neverthelesse, uppon the assured Confidence, that your love to me shall +dissend to my Childrenne, and that your Lordship will declare yourself a +Frend to me, both alive and dead, I have willed Mr +<i>Waterhouse</i> to shew unto you how you may with Honor and Equity do +good to my Sonne <i>Hereford</i>, and how to bind him with perpetual +Frendship to you and your House. And to the Ende I wold have his Love +towardes those which are dissended from you spring up and increase with +his Yeares, I have wished his Education to be in your Household, +though the same had not bene allotted to your Lordship as Master of the +Wardes; and that the whole Tyme, which he shold spend in <i>England</i> +in his Minority, might be devided in Attendance uppon my Lord +<i>Chamberlayne</i> and you, to the End, that as he might frame himself +to the Example of my Lord of <i>Sussex</i> in all the Actions of his +Life, tending either to the Warres, or to the Institution of a Nobleman, +so that he might also reverence your Lordship for your Wisdome and +Gravyty, and lay up your Counsells and Advises in the Treasory of his +Hart.”</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +GIRLS SENT OUT TO LADIES’ HOUSES.</p> + +<p>That girls, as well as boys, were sent out to noblemen’s houses for +their education, is evident from Margaret Paston’s letter of the 3rd of +April, 1469, to Sir John Paston, “Also I would ye should purvey for your +sister [? Margery] to be with my Lady of Oxford, or with my Lady of +Bedford, or in some other worshipful place whereas ye think best, and I +will help to her finding, for we be either of us weary of other.” Alice +Crane’s Letter, in the Paston Letters, v. i. +<span class="pagenum">xvi</span> +<a name="pagexvi" id="pagexvi"> </a> +<!-- png 034 --> +p. 35, ed. 1840, also supports this view, as does Sir John +Heveningham’s to Margaret Paston, asking her to take his cousin Anneys +Loveday for some time as a boarder till a mistress could be found for +her. “If that it please you to have her with you to into the time that a +mistress may be purveyed for her, I pray you thereof, and I shall +content you for her board that ye shall be well pleased.” Similarly Anne +Boleyn and her sister were sent to Margaret of Savoy, aunt of Charles +V., who lived at Brussels, to learn courtesy, &c., says Prof. +Brewer. Sir Roger Twysden says that Anne was “Not above seven yeares of +age, Anno 1514,” when she went abroad. He adds:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“It should seeme by some that she served three in France successively; +Mary of England maryed to Lewis the twelfth, an. 1514, with whome she +went out of England, but Lewis dying the first of January following, and +that Queene (being) to returne home, sooner than either Sir Thomas +Bullen or some other of her frendes liked she should, she was preferred +to Clauda, daughter to Lewis XII. and wife to Francis I. then Queene (it +is likely upon the commendation of Mary the Dowager), who not long after +dying, an. 1524, not yet weary of France she went to live with +Marguerite, Dutchess of Alançon and Berry, a Lady much commended +for her favor towards good letters, but never enough for the Protestant +religion then in the infancy—from her, if I am not deceived, she +first learnt the grounds of the Protestant religion; so that England may +seem to owe some part of her happyness derived from that Lady.” +(Twysden’s Notes quoted by Singer in his ed. of Cavendish’s Life of +Wolsey, 1825, p. 57.)</p> + +<p>As Henry VIII. fell in love with his wife’s maid of +honour,—“began to kindle the brand of amours” at the light of Anne +Boleyn’s beauty, “her excellent gesture and behaviour,”—so we find +in later times rich young men became enamoured of poor young women +staying in the same house with them. Mr Bruce sends me an instance:</p> + +<div class="inset"> +<p>“the young lady was niece, you will perceive, to a well-beneficed +clergyman, and a thriving gentleman well-advanced in the public service. +She had lost her mother, and her father was in debt and difficulties. +She was therefore placed by the influence of her uncles in a well-known +family in Wiltshire.”</p> + +<p><i>State Papers. Dom. Car.</i> I. Vol. ccclii. No. 29. Dr Matthew +Nicholas, afterwards Dean of St Paul’s, to Edward Nicholas, Clerk of the +Council, and afterwards Secretary of State. Dated, West Dean, April 4, +1637.</p> + +<p>“I have spoken with Miss Evelyn since I wrote last unto you, and +enquired of her the cause w<i>hi</i>ch moued her to displace my coson +<span class="pagenum">xvii</span> +<a name="pagexvii" id="pagexvii"> </a> +<!-- png 035 --> +Hunton. She told me much accordinge to what she had sayd unto my coson +Hunton, w<i>i</i>th this addition, that she had respect in it as well +unto her good as her owne convenience, for hauinge nowe noe employment +for her but her needle, she founde that sittinge still at her worke made +her sickly, and therefore thought she might doe better in another +seruice where she might haue the orderinge of an huswifely charge, for +w<i>hi</i>ch (she told me) she had made her very able. I expressed +myselfe tender of the disgrace w<i>hi</i>ch would lay uppon my coson in +beinge displaced in such a manner by warninge giuen, wherof whatsoeuer +were the cause, it would be imagined by all that knowe it not, to be in +her ill carriage, and wished she had done me that fauour as to haue +acquainted me with her intents in such time as I might haue taken some +course to haue disposed of her before it had bin knowne that she was to +leaue her: she slubbered it ouer w<i>i</i>th a slight excuse that she +had acquainted my wife ... but for my satisfaction she told me that she +would be as mindfull of her when God should call her as if she were +w<i>i</i>th her, and in testimony of her good likinge of her seruice she +would allowe her forty shillings yearly towarde her maintainance as +longe as herself should liue. I am soe well acquainted w<i>i</i>th +what she hath as yet disposed to her by will, and soe little value forty +shillings to my coson Hunton’s credit, as I gaue her noe thankes. Mr +Downes (I heare) is sent for home by his father w<i>i</i>th an +intent to keepe him w<i>i</i>th him, but I doe imagine that when my +coson Hunton shall be other where disposed off, he shall returne; for my +conceit is stronge that the feare of his beinge match’d to his +disadvantage, who was placed w<i>i</i>th Mr Evelyn a youth to be bred +for his p<i>re</i>ferment, hath caused this alteration; howsoever there +be noe wordes made of it. I confess that when I have bin told of +the good will that was obserued betweene my coson Hunton and Mr Downes, +I did put it by w<i>i</i>th my coson Huntons protestation to the +contrary, and was willinge by that neglect to have suffered it to have +come to pass (if it mought have bin) because I thought it would haue bin +to her aduantage, but nowe that the busines is come to this issue (as +whatsoeuer be p<i>re</i>tended I am confident this is the cause of my +cosons partinge) I begin to quæstion my discretion.... Good +brother, let me haue your aduise what to do.”</p> +</div> + +<p class="headnote section"> +PRIVATE TUITION IN EARLY ENGLAND.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_educ2" id="pref_educ2">2.</a> +<i>Home and Private Education.</i> Of these, more or less must have been +going on all over England, by private tutors at home, or in the houses +of the latter. “In five years (after my baptism) I was handed over +by my father to Siward, a noble priest, to be trained in letters, +to whose mastery I was subdued during five years learning the first +rudiments. But in the eleventh year of my age I was given up by my own +father for the love of God, and destined to enter the service of the +eternal King.” —<i>Orderic</i>, vol. ii. p. 301, ed. +Prevost.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xviii</span> +<a name="pagexviii" id="pagexviii"> </a> +<!-- png 036 --> +<p>From Adam de Marisco’s Letters, 53, we find that Henry and Almeric, +the eldest and youngest sons of the Earl of Montfort, were put under +Grosseteste for tuition, he being then a Bishop. At Paris, John of +Salisbury (who died in 1180) gained a living by teaching the sons of +noblemen,—(<i>instruendos susceperam</i>, ? took them in to +board). —<i>Metalogicus</i>, lib. 11, c. 10.</p> + +<p>Henry of Huntingdon says, “Richard, the king’s (Henry I.’s) bastard +son, was honourably brought up (<i>festive nutritus</i>) by our Bishop +Robert (Blote of Lincoln), and duly reverenced by me and others in the +same household I lived in.” —<i>Anglia Sacra</i>, vol. ii. +p. 696. Giraldus Cambrensis speaks of beating his <i>coætanei et +conscolares terræ suæ</i>, of being reproved for idleness by his uncle, +the Bishop of St David’s, and of being constantly chaffed by two of his +uncle’s chaplains, who used to decline <i>durus</i> and <i>stultus</i> +to him. Also he alludes to the rod. Probably there was some sort of +school at either Pembroke or St David’s<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_24a" id="pref_gen_tag_24a" href="#pref_gen_note_24a">24a</a>.—<i>De Rebus a se Gestis</i>, lib. 1, +c. 2.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_25" id="pref_gen_tag_25" +href="#pref_gen_note_25">25</a></p> + +<p>The Statutes of a Gild of young Scholars formed to burn lights in +honour of some saint or other, and to help one another in sickness, old +age, and to burial, will be printed for us by Mr Toulmin Smith in the +Early English Text Society’s books this year.</p> + +<p>Under this head of Private Tuition we may class the houses of Abbots, +where boys of good birth were educated. In his History of English +Poetry, section 36, vol. iii. p. 9, ed. 1840, Warton says:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“It appears to have been customary for the governors of the most +considerable convents, especially those that were honoured with the +mitre, to receive into their own private lodgings the sons of the +principal families of the neighbourhood for education. About the year +1450, Thomas Bromele, abbot of the mitred monastery of Hyde near +Winchester, entertained in his own abbatial house within that monastery +eight young gentlemen, or <i>gentiles pueri</i>, who were placed there +for the purpose of literary instruction, and constantly dined at the +abbot’s table. I will not scruple to give the original words, which +are more particular and expressive, of the obscure record which +preserves this curious anecdote of monastic life. ‘<i>Pro octo +gentilibus pueris apud dominum abbatem studii causa perhendinantibus, et +ad mensam domini victitantibus, cum garcionibus suis ipsos comitantibus, +hoc anno</i>, xvii<i>l.</i> ix<i>s.</i> <i>Capiendo pro</i><a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_26" id="pref_gen_tag_26" href="#pref_gen_note_26">26</a><ins class="mycorr" title="closing ’ missing">...’”</ins> This, by the way, +<span class="pagenum">xix</span> +<a name="pagexix" id="pagexix"> </a> +<!-- png 037 --> +was more extraordinary, as William of Wykeham’s celebrated seminary was +so near. And this seems to have been an established practice of the +abbot of Glastonbury, “whose apartment in the abbey was a kind of +well-disciplined court, where the sons of noblemen and young gentlemen +were wont to be sent for virtuous education, who returned thence home +excellently accomplished.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_27" id="pref_gen_tag_27" href="#pref_gen_note_27">27</a>” Richard Whiting, +the last abbot of Glastonbury, who was cruelly executed by the king, +during the course of his government educated near three hundred +ingenuous youths, who constituted a part of his family; beside many +others whom he liberally supported at the universities.<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_28" id="pref_gen_tag_28" href="#pref_gen_note_28">28</a> Whitgift, the most excellent and learned +archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, was educated +under Robert Whitgift his uncle, abbot of the Augustine monastery of +black canons at Wellhow in Lincolnshire, “who,” says Strype, “had +several other young gentlemen under his care for education.” (Strype’s +Whitgift, v. i. ch. i. p. 3.)</p> + +<p>Of Lydgate—about 1420-30 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> +I suppose—Prof. Morley says in his <i>English Writers</i>, vol. +ii. Pt. I. p. 423:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“After studying at Oxford, Paris, and Padua, and after mastering with +special delight the writings of such poets as Dante, Boccaccio, and +Alain Chartier, Lydgate opened at his monastery of Bury St Edmund’s a +school of rhetoric in which he taught young nobles literature and the +art of versifying!”</p> + +<p>Richard Pace says in his <i>De Fructu</i>, 1517:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“Now the learning of music too demands its place, especially from me +whom it distinguished when a boy amongst boys. For Thomas Langton, +bishop of Winchester (the predecessor of him who is now living), whose +secretary I was, when he had marked that I was making a proficiency in +music far beyond my age (as himself—perchance from his too great +affection for me—would point out and repeatedly say), ‘The talent +of this lad,’ he said, ‘is born for greater things,’ and a few days +afterwards he sent me, to pursue the study of literature, into Italy, to +the school at Padua, which then was at its greatest prime, and +benevolently supplied the annual expenses, as he showed wonderful favour +to all men of letters, and in his day played the part of a second +Mecænas, well remembering (as he ofttimes said) that he had been +advanced to the episcopal dignity on account of his learning. For he had +gained, with the highest commendation, the distinctions of each law<a +class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_29" id="pref_gen_tag_29" href="#pref_gen_note_29">29</a> (as they say now-a-days). Also he so highly +prized the study of Humanity<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_30" id="pref_gen_tag_30" href="#pref_gen_note_30">30</a> that he had boys +and youths +<span class="pagenum">xx</span> +<a name="pagexx" id="pagexx"> </a> +<!-- png 038 --> +instructed in it at a school in his house; And he was vastly delighted +to hear the scholars repeat to him at night the lessons given them by +the teacher during the day. In this competition he who had borne himself +notably went away with a present of something suitable to his character, +and with commendation expressed in the most refined language; for that +excellent governor had ever in his mouth the maxim that merit grows with +praise.”<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_31" id="pref_gen_tag_31" +href="#pref_gen_note_31">31</a></p> + +<p class="headnote"> +EDUCATION AT HOME AND AT TUTORS’.</p> + +<p>Palsgrave in 1530 speaks of “maister Petrus Vallensys, scole maister +to his [Charles, Duke of Suffolk’s] excellent yong sonne the Erle of +Lyncolne.”</p> + +<p>Roger Ascham, author of the <i>Scholemaster</i>, &c., born in +1515,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“was received at a very youthful age into the family of Sir Antony +Wingfield, who furnished money for his education, and placed Roger, +together with his own sons, under a tutor whose name was Bond. The boy +had by nature a taste for books, and showed his good taste by reading +English in preference to Latin, with wonderful eagerness. This was the +more remarkable from the fact that Latin was still the language of +literature, and it is not likely that the few English books written at +that time were at all largely spread abroad in places far away from the +Universities and Cathedral towns. In or about the year 1530, Mr Bond the +domestic tutor resigned the charge of young Roger, who was now about +fifteen years old, and by the advice and pecuniary aid of his kind +patron Sir Antony, he was enabled to enter St John’s College, Cambridge, +at that time the most famous seminary of learning in all England ... he +took his bachelor’s degree in 1531, Feb. 18, in the 18th year of his age +[“being a boy, new bachelor of art,” he says himself,] a time of +life at which it is now more common to enter the University than to take +a degree, but which, according to the modes of education +<span class="pagenum">xxi</span> +<a name="pagexxi" id="pagexxi"> </a> +<!-- png 039 --> +then in use, was not thought premature. On the 23rd of March following, +he was elected fellow of the College.” Giles’s Life of Ascham, Works, +vol. i. p. xi-xiv.</p> + +<p>Dr Clement and his wife were brought up in Sir T. More’s house. +Clement was taken from St Paul’s school, London, appointed tutor to +More’s children, and afterwards to his daughter Margaret, p. 402, +col. 1.</p> + +<p>What a young nobleman learnt in Henry the Eighth’s time may be +gathered from the following extracts (partly given by Mr Froude, Hist., +v. i. p. 39-40) from the letters of young Gregory Cromwell’s tutor, +to his father, the Earl of Essex, the King’s Chief Secretary.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“The order of his studie, as the houres lymyted for the Frenche tongue, +writinge, plaienge att weapons, castinge of accomptes, pastimes of +instruments, and suche others, hath bene devised and directed by the +prudent wisdome of Mr Southwell; who with a ffatherly zeale and amitie +muche desiringe to have hime a sonne worthy suche parents, ceasseth not +aswell concerninge all other things for hime mete and necessary, as also +in lerninge, t’expresse his tendre love and affection towardes hime, +serchinge by all meanes possible howe he may moste proffitte, dailie +heringe hime to rede sumwhatt in thenglishe tongue, and advertisenge +hime of the naturell and true kynde of pronuntiacõn therof, expoundinge +also and declaringe the etimologie and native signification of suche +wordes as we have borowed of the Latines or Frenche menue, not evyn so +comonly used in our quotidiene speche. Mr Cheney and Mr Charles in lyke +wise endevoireth and emploieth themselves, accompanienge Mr Gregory in +lerninge, amonge whome ther is a perpetuall contention, strife, and +conflicte, and in maner of an honest envie who shall do beste, not +oonlie in the ffrenche tongue (wherin Mr Vallence after a wonderesly +compendious, facile, prompte, and redy waye, nott withoute painfull +delegence and laborious industrie doth enstructe them) but also in +writynge, playenge at weapons, and all other theire exercises, so that +if continuance in this bihalf may take place, whereas the laste Diana, +this shall (I truste) be consecrated to Apollo and the Muses, to +theire no small profecte and your good contentation and pleasure. And +thus I beseche the Lord to have you in his moste gratious tuition.</p> + +<div class="inset"> +<p class="hanging"> +At Reisinge in Norff[olk] the last daie of Aprill.<br> +Your faithfull and most bounden servaunte</p> +<p class="center smallcaps">Henry Dowes.</p> + +<p class="hanging"> +To his right honorable maister Mr Thomas Crumwell<br> +chief Secretary vnto the King’s Maiestie.”</p> +<p class="right">Ellis, <i>Original Letters</i>. Series I. vol. i. p. +341-3.</p> +</div> + +<p class="headnote"> +STUDIES OF YOUTHS, TEMP. HEN. VIII. AND ELIZABETH.</p> + +<p>The next Letter gives further details of Gregory’s studies—</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxii</span> +<a name="pagexxii" id="pagexxii"> </a> +<!-- png 040 --> +<p class="inset"> +“But forcause somer was spente in the servyce of the wylde goddes, it is +so moche to be regarded after what fashion yeouth is educate and browght +upp, in whiche tyme that that is lerned (for the moste parte) will nott +all holelie be forgotten in the older yeres, I thinke it my dutie +to asserteyne yo<sup>r</sup> Maistershippe how he spendith his tyme.... +And firste, after he hath herde Masse he taketh a lecture of a Diologe +of Erasmus Colloquium, called Pietas Puerilis, whereinne is described a +veray picture of oone that sholde be vertuouselie brought upp; and +forcause it is so necessary for hime, I do not onelie cause him to +rede it over, but also to practise the preceptes of the same, and I have +also translated it into Englishe, so that he may conferre theime both +to-githers, whereof (as lerned men affirme) cometh no smalle profecte<a +class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_32" id="pref_gen_tag_32" href="#pref_gen_note_32">32</a> ... after that, he exerciseth his hande in +writing one or two houres, and redith uppon Fabian’s Chronicle as longe; +the residue of the day he doth spende uppon the lute and virginalls. +When he rideth (as he doth very ofte) I tell hime by the way some +historie of the Romanes or the Greekes, whiche I cause him to reherse +agayn in a tale. For his recreation he useth to hawke and hunte, and +shote in his long bowe, which frameth and succedeth so well with hime +that he semeth to be therunto given by nature.”</p> + +<p class="right"> +Ellis, i. 343-4.</p> + +<p>Of the course of study of ‘well-bred youths’ in the early years of +Elizabeth’s reign we have an interesting account by Sir Nicholas Bacon, +Lord Keeper, father of the great Bacon, in a Paper by Mr J. Payne +Collier in the <i>Archæologia</i>, vol. 36, Part 2, p. 339, Article +xxxi.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_33" id="pref_gen_tag_33" +href="#pref_gen_note_33">33</a> “Before he became Lord Keeper, Sir +Nicholas Bacon had been Attorney of that Court” [the Court of Wards and +Liveries] “a most lucrative appointment; and on the 27th May, 1561, he +addressed a letter to Sir William Cecil, then recently (Jan., 1561) made +Master of the Wards, followed by a paper thus entitled:—’Articles +devised for the bringing up in vertue and learning of the Queenes +Majesties Wardes, being heires males, and whose landes, descending in +possession and coming to the Queenes Majestie, shall amount to the +cleere yearly value of c. markes, or above.’” Sir Nicholas asks the new +Master of Wards to reform what he justly calls most “preposterous” +abuses in the department:—“That the proceeding hath bin +preposterous, appeareth by this: the chiefe thinge, and most of price, +in wardeship, is the wardes mynde; the next to that, his bodie; the +<span class="pagenum">xxiii</span> +<a name="pagexxiii" id="pagexxiii"> </a> +<!-- png 041 --> +last and meanest, his land. Nowe, hitherto the chiefe care of +governaunce hath bin to the land, being the meaneste; and to the bodie, +being the better, very small; but to the mynde, being the best, none at +all, which methinkes is playnely to sett the carte before the horse” +(p. 343). Mr Collier then summarises Bacon’s Articles for the +bringing up of the Wards thus: “The wards are to attend divine service +at six in the morning: nothing is said about breakfast,<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_34" id="pref_gen_tag_34" href="#pref_gen_note_34">34</a> but they are to study Latin until eleven; to +dine between 11 and 12; to study with the music-master from 12 till 2; +from 2 to 3 they are to be with the French master; and from 3 to 5 with +the Latin and Greek masters. At 5 they are to go to evening prayers; +then they are to sup; to be allowed honest pastimes till 8; and, last of +all, before they go to bed at 9, they are again to apply themselves to +music under the instruction of the master. At and after the age of 16 +they were to attend lectures upon temporal and civil law, as well as +<i>de disciplinâ militari</i>. It is not necessary to insert farther +details; but what I have stated will serve to show how well-bred youths +of that period were usually brought up, and how disgracefully the duty +of education as regards wards was neglected.... It may appear singular +that in these articles drawn up by Sir Nicholas, so much stress is laid +upon instruction in music<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_35" id="pref_gen_tag_35" href="#pref_gen_note_35">35</a>; but it only serves +to confirm the notion that the science was then most industriously +cultivated by nearly every class of society.” Pace in 1517 requires that +every one should study it, but should join with it some other study, as +Astrology or Astronomy. He says also that the greatest part of the art +had perished by men’s negligence; “For all that our musicians do +now-a-days, is almost trivial if compared with what the old ones +(<i>antiqui</i>) did, so that now hardly one or two (<i>unus aut +alter</i>) can be found who know what harmony is, though the word is +always on their tongue.” (<i>De Fructu</i>, p. 54-5.) Ascham, while +lamenting in 1545 (<i>Toxophilus</i>, p. 29) ‘that the laudable +custom of +<span class="pagenum">xxiv</span> +<a name="pagexxiv" id="pagexxiv"> </a> +<!-- png 042 --> +England to teach children their plain song and prick-song’ is ‘so +decayed throughout all the realm as it is,’ denounces the great practise +of instrumental music by older students: “the minstrelsy of lutes, +pipes, harps, and all other that standeth by such nice, fine, minikin +fingering, (such as the most part of scholars whom I know use, if they +use any,) is far more fit, for the womanishness of it, to dwell in the +Court among ladies, than for any great thing in it which should help +good and sad study, to abide in the University among scholars.”</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +<a name="pref_educ_mothers" id="pref_educ_mothers"> +NEGLECT OF EDUCATION BY MOTHERS.</a></p> + +<p>By <ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by author from ‘1574’">1577</ins> our rich people, according to Harrison, attended +properly to the education of their children. After speaking “of our +women, whose beautie commonlie exceedeth the fairest of those of the +maine,” he says:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“This neuerthelesse I vtterlie mislike in the poorer sort of them, for +the wealthier doo sildome offend herein: that being of themselues +without competent wit, they are so carelesse in the education of their +children (wherein their husbands also are to be blamed,) by means +whereof verie manie of them neither fearing God, neither regarding +either manners or obedience, do oftentimes come to confusion, which (if +anie correction or discipline had beene vsed toward them in youth) might +haue prooued good members of their common-wealth & countrie, by +their good seruice and industrie.” —<i>Descr. of Britaine</i>, +Holinshed, i. 115, col. 2.</p> + +<p>This is borne out by Ascham, who says that young men up to 17 were +well looked after, but after that age were turned loose to get into all +the mischief they liked:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“In deede, from seven to seventene, yong jentlemen commonlie be +carefullie enough brought up: But from seventene to seven and twentie +(the most dangerous tyme of all a mans life, and most slipperie to stay +well in) they have commonlie the rein of all licens in their owne hand, +and speciallie soch as do live in the Court. And that which is most to +be merveled at, commonlie the wisest and also best men be found the +fondest fathers in this behalfe. And if som good father wold seek some +remedie herein, yet the mother (if the household of our Lady) had +rather, yea, and will to, have her sonne cunnyng and bold, in making him +to lyve trimlie when he is yong, than by learning and travell to be able +to serve his Prince & his countrie, both wiselie in peace, and +stoutlie in warre, whan he is old.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“The fault is in your selves, ye noble mens sonnes, and therfore ye +deserve the greater blame, that commonlie the meaner mens children cum +to be the wisest councellours, and greatest doers, in the weightie +affaires of this realme.” —<i>Scholemaster</i>, ed. Mayor, +p. 39-40.</p> + +<p>Note lastly, on this subject of private tuition, that Mulcaster in +<span class="pagenum">xxv</span> +<a name="pagexxv" id="pagexxv"> </a> +<!-- png 043 --> +his <i>Elementarie</i>, 1582, complains greatly of rich people aping the +custom of princes in having private tutors for their boys, and +withdrawing them from public schools where the spirit of emulation +against other boys would make them work. The course he recommends is, +that rich people should send their sons, with their tutors, to the +public schools, and so get the advantage of both kinds of tuition.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_educ_girls" id="pref_educ_girls"><i>Girls’ Home +Education.</i></a> The earliest notice of an English Governess that any +friend has found for me is in “the 34th Letter of Osbert de Clare in +Stephen’s reign, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1135-54. He +mentions what seems to be a Governess of his children, ‘<i>quædam +matrona quæ liberos ejus</i> (sc. <i>militis, Herberti de Furcis</i>) +<i>educare consueverat</i>.’ She appears to be treated as one of the +family: e.g. they wait for her when she goes into a chapel to pray. +I think a nurse would have been ‘ancilla quæ liberos ejus +nutriendos susceperat.’” Walter de Biblesworth was the tutor of the +“lady Dionysia de Monchensi, a Kentish heiress, the daughter of +William de Monchensi, baron of Swanescombe, and related, apparently<a +class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_35a" id="pref_gen_tag_35a" href="#pref_gen_note_35a">35a</a>, to the Valences, earls of Pembroke, and +wrote his French Grammar, or rather Vocabulary<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_36" id="pref_gen_tag_36" href="#pref_gen_note_36">36</a>, for her. She married Hugh de Vere, the +second son of Robert, fifth earl of Oxford. (Wright.) Lady Jane Grey was +taught by a tutor at home, as we have seen. Palsgrave was tutor to Henry +VIII.’s “most dere and most entirely beloved suster, quene Mary, +douagier of France,” and no doubt wrote his <i>Lesclaircissement de la +Langue Francoise</i> mainly for her, though also “desirous to do some +humble service unto the nobilitie of this victorious realme, and +universally unto all other estates of this my natyfe country.” Giles Du +Guez, or as Palsgrave says to Henry VIII., “the synguler clerke, maister +Gyles Dewes, somtyme instructor to your noble grace in this selfe tong, +at the especiall instaunce and request of dyvers of your highe estates +and noble men, hath also for his partye written in this matter.” His +book is entitled “An Introductorie for to lerne to rede, to pronounce +& to speke French trewly: compyled for the Right high, excellent, +and most vertuous lady The Lady Mary of +<span class="pagenum">xxvi</span> +<a name="pagexxvi" id="pagexxvi"> </a> +<!-- png 044 --> +Englande, doughter to our most gracious soverayn Lorde Kyng Henry the +Eight.”</p> + +<p class="headnote section"> +UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN EARLY ENGLAND.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_educ3" id="pref_educ3">3.</a> +<i>English University Education.</i> In early days Cambridge and Oxford +must be looked on, I suppose, as mainly the great schools for boys, +and the generality of scholars as poor men’s children,<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_37" id="pref_gen_tag_37" href="#pref_gen_note_37">37</a> like Chaucer’s ‘poore scolares tuo that +dwelten in the soler-halle of Cantebregge,’ his Clerk of Oxenford, and +those students, gifts to whom are considered as one of the regular +burdens on the husbandman, in “God speed the Plough.” Mr Froude says, +Hist. of England, I. 37:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“The universities were well filled, by the sons of yeomen chiefly. The +cost of supporting them at the colleges was little, and wealthy men took +a pride in helping forward any boys of promise<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_38" id="pref_gen_tag_38" href="#pref_gen_note_38">38,</a> <a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_38a" id="pref_gen_tag_38a" href="#pref_gen_note_38a">38a</a> +(<i>Latimer’s Sermons</i>, p. 64). It seems clear also, as the +Reformation drew nearer, while the clergy were sinking lower and lower, +a marked change for the better became perceptible in a portion at +least of the laity.”</p> + +<p>But Grosseteste mentions a “noble” scholar at Oxford (<i>Epist.</i> +129), and Edward the Black Prince and Henry V. are said to have been +students of Queen’s College, Oxford. Wolsey himself was a College tutor +at Oxford, and had among his pupils the sons of the Marquess of Dorset, +who afterwards gave him his first preferment, the living of Lymington. +(Chappell.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxvii</span> +<a name="pagexxvii" id="pagexxvii"> </a> +<!-- png 045 --> +<p>The legend runs that the first school at Oxford was founded by King +Alfred<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_39" id="pref_gen_tag_39" +href="#pref_gen_note_39">39</a>, and that Oxford was a place of study +in the time of Edward the Confessor (1041-66). If one may quote a book +now considered to be ‘a monkish forgery and an exploded authority,’ +Ingulfus, who was Abbot of Croyland, in the Isle of Ely, under William +the Conqueror, says of himself that he was educated first at +Westminster, and then passed to Oxford, where he made proficiency in +such books of Aristotle as were then accessible to students,<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_40" id="pref_gen_tag_40" href="#pref_gen_note_40">40</a> and in the first two books of Tully’s +Rhetoric.—<i>Malden</i>, On the Origin of Universities, 1835, +p. 71.</p> + +<p>In 1201 Oxford is called a <i>University</i>, and said to have +contained 3000 scholars; in 1253 its first College (University) is +founded. In 1244, Hen. III. grants it its first privileges as a +corporate body, and confirms and extends them in 1245. In his reign, +Wood says the number of scholars amounted to 30,000, a number no +doubt greatly exaggerated.</p> + +<p>In the reign of Stephen, we know that Vacarius, a Lombard by birth, +who had studied the civil law at Bologna, came into England, and formed +a school of law at Oxford<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_41" id="pref_gen_tag_41" href="#pref_gen_note_41">41</a> ... he remained in +England in the reign of Henry II. On account of the difficulty and +expense of obtaining copies of the original books of the Roman law, and +<i>the poverty of his English scholars</i>, Vacarius [ab. 1149, <span +class="smallroman">A.D.</span>] compiled an abridgment of the Digests +and Codex, in which their most essential parts were preserved, with some +difference of arrangement, and illustrated from other law-books.... It +bore on its title that it was “<i>pauperibus presertim destinatus</i>;” +and hence the Oxford students of law obtained the name of +<i>Pauperists.</i>—<i>Malden</i>, p. 72-3.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +POVERTY OF UNIVERSITY SCHOLARS.</p> + +<p>Roger Bacon (who died 1248<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_41a" id="pref_gen_tag_41a" href="#pref_gen_note_41a">41a</a>) speaks of a +young fellow who came +<span class="pagenum">xxviii</span> +<a name="pagexxviii" id="pagexxviii"> </a> +<!-- png 046 --> +to him, aged 15, not having wherewithal to live, or finding proper +masters: “because he was obliged to serve those who gave him +necessaries, during two years found no one to teach him a word in the +things he learned.” —<i>Opus Tertium</i>, cap. xx. In 1214 the +Commonalty of Oxford agreed to pay 52s. yearly for the use of poor +scholars, and to give 100 of them a meal of bread, ale, and pottage, +with one large dish of flesh or fish, every St Nicholas +day.—<i>Wood’s An.</i> i. 185. <i>Wood’s Annals</i> (ed. Gutch, v. +i. p. 619-20) also notes that in 1461 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> divers Scholars were forced to get a license +under the Chancellor’s hand and seal (according to the Stat. 12 Ric. +II., <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1388, <i>Ib.</i>, +p. 519) to beg: and Sir Thos. More says “then may wee yet, like +poor Scholars of Oxford, go a begging with our baggs & wallets, +& sing salve Regina at rich mens dores.” On this point we may also +compare the Statutes of Walter de Merton for his College at Oxford, +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1274, ed. Halliwell, 1843, +p. 19:</p> + +<p class="center"> +Cap. 13. De admissione scholarium.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Hoc etiam in eadem domo specialiter observari volo et decerno, ut circa +eos, qui ad hujusmodi eleemosinæ participationem admittendi fuerint, +diligenti solicitudine caveatur, ne qui præter castos, honestos, +pacificos, humiles, <i>indigentes</i>, ad studium habiles ac proficere +volentes, admittantur. Ad quorum agnitionem singulis, cum in dicta +societate fuerint admittendi sustentationis gratia in eadem, ad annum +unum utpote probationis causa primitus concedatur, ut sic demum si in +dictis conditionibus laudabiliter se habuerint, in dictam congregationem +admittantur.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +See also cap. 31, against horses of scholars being kept.</p> + +<p>Lodgings were let according to the joint valuation of 2 Magistri +(scholars) and two townsmen (probi et legales homines de Villa). +<i>Wood</i>, i. 255. An. 15 Hen. III. <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1230-1.</p> + +<p>In the beginning of the 15th century it had become the established +rule that every scholar must be a member of some college or hall. The +scholars who attended the public lectures of the university, without +entering themselves at any college or hall, were called <i>chamber +dekyns</i>, as in Paris they were called martinets; and frequent +enactments were made against them.—<i>Malden</i>, p. 85, ref. +to <i>Woods Annals</i>, 1408, -13, -22, and 1512, &c.</p> + +<p>The following are the dates of the foundations of the different +Colleges at <a name="oxford" id="oxford">Oxford</a> as given in the +University Calendar:—</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxix</span> +<a name="pagexxix" id="pagexxix"> </a> +<!-- png 047 --> + +<table class="list" summary="Oxford colleges"> +<col width="38%"> +<col width="12%"> +<col class="leftline"> +<col> +<col> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">University College, 1253-80<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_42" id="pref_gen_tag_42" href="#pref_gen_note_42">42</a></td> +<td colspan="2"><p>Corpus Christi College</p></td> +<td class="year">1516</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">Balliol College, betw. 1263 & 1268</td> +<td colspan="2"><p>Christ Church College</p></td> +<td class="year">1526</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td rowspan="4"><p>Merton College, founded at Maldon, in Surrey, in +1264, removed to Oxford in</p></td> +<td></td> +<td colspan="2">Trinity College</td> +<td class="year">1554</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td colspan="2">St John’s College</td> +<td class="year">1555</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td colspan="2">Jesus College</td> +<td class="year">1571</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="year">1274</td> +<td colspan="2">Wadham College</td> +<td class="year">1613</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Exeter College</td> +<td class="year">1314</td> +<td colspan="2">Pembroke College</td> +<td class="year">1624</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Oriel College</td> +<td class="year">1326</td> +<td colspan="2">Worcester College</td> +<td class="year">1714</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>The Queen’s College</td> +<td class="year">1340</td> +<td class="center middle" colspan="3" rowspan="2"> +HALLS</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>New College</td> +<td class="year">1386</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Lincoln College</td> +<td class="year">1427</td> +<td colspan="2">St Edmund Hall</td> +<td class="year">1317</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>All Souls College</td> +<td class="year">1437</td> +<td colspan="2">St Mary’s Hall</td> +<td class="year">1333</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Magdalen College</td> +<td class="year">1458</td> +<td colspan="2">New Inn Hall</td> +<td class="year">1438</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="bracket lft" rowspan="3"> +<p>The King’s Hall and College of Brasenose</p></td> +<td class="year" rowspan="2">1509</td> +<td colspan="2">Magdalen Hall</td> +<td class="year">1487</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>St Alban Hall</td> +<td class="year" colspan="2">after 1547</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<!-- <p class="mynote"> +In the original text, the words “College” and “Hall“ were variously +abbreviated or reduced to ditto marks.</p> --> + +<p class="headnote"> +UNDERGRADUATE’S EXPENSES AT OXFORD, 1478.</p> + +<p>‘The Paston Letters’ do not give us much information about studies or +life at Oxford, but they do give us material for estimating the cost of +a student there (ii. 124<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_43" id="pref_gen_tag_43" href="#pref_gen_note_43">43</a>); they show us the +tutor reporting to a mother her son’s progress in learning (ii. 130), +and note the custom of a man, when made bachelor, giving a feast: “I was +made bachelor ... on Friday was se’nnight (18 June, 1479), and I made my +feast on the Monday after (21 June). I was promised venison against +my feast, of my Lady Harcourt, and of another person too, but I was +deceived of both; but my guests held them pleased with such meat as they +had, blessed be God.” The letter as to the costs is dated May 19, +1478.</p> + +<div class="inset"> +<p>“I marvel sore that you sent me no word of the letter which I sent to +you by Master William Brown at Easter. I sent you word that time +that I should send you mine expenses particularly; but as at this time +the bearer hereof had a letter suddenly that he should come home, & +therefore I could have no leisure to send them to you on that wise, +& therefore I shall write to you in this letter the whole sum of my +expenses since I was with you till Easter last past, and +<span class="pagenum">xxx</span> +<a name="pagexxx" id="pagexxx"> </a> +<!-- png 048 --> +also the receipts, reckoning the twenty shillings that I had of you to +Oxon wards, with the bishop’s finding:—</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="income and expenses"> +<tr> +<td width="75%"> </td> +<td>£</td><td><i>s.</i></td><td><i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>The whole sum of receipts is</td> +<td>5</td><td>17</td><td>6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>And the whole sum of expenses is</td> +<td>6</td><td>5</td><td>5¾</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>And that [= what] cometh over my receipts & my expenses I +have borrowed of Master Edmund, & it draweth to</p></td> +<td></td><td>8</td><td>0</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>and yet I reckon none expenses since Easter; but as for them, they be +not great.”</p> +</div> + +<p>On this account Fenn says,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“he (Wm. Paston) had expended £6 5<i>s.</i> 5¾<i>d.</i> from the time he +left his mother to Easter last, which this year fell on the 22nd March, +from which time it was now two months, & of the expenses ‘since +incurred’ he says ‘they be not great.’ We may therefore conclude the +former account was from the Michaelmas preceding, and a moderate one; if +so, we may fairly estimate his university education at £100 a-year of +our present money. I mean that £12 10<i>s.</i> 11½<i>d.</i> would +then procure as many necessaries and comforts as £100 will at this +day.”</p> + +<p>What was the basis of Fenn’s calculation he does not say. In 1468, +the estimates for the Duke of Clarence’s household expenses give these +prices, among others:</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="household expenses"> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td></td><td class="number"><i>s.</i></td><td> <i>d.</i></td> +<td></td> +<td class="number">£</td><td class="number"><i>s.</i></td><td> +<i>d.</i></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Wheat, a quarter</td> +<td></td><td class="number">6</td><td> 0</td> +<td>now, say</td> +<td class="number">3</td><td class="number">0</td><td> 0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Ale, a gallon</td> +<td></td><td></td><td> 1½</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td></td><td class="number">1</td><td> 0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Beves, less hide and tallow, each</td> +<td></td><td>10</td><td> 0</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="number">15</td><td class="number">0</td><td> +0*</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Muttons <span class="gap1"> „ „</span></td> +<td></td><td class="number">1</td><td> 4</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="number">2</td><td class="number">10</td><td> +0*</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Velys<span class="gap1"> „ „</span></td> +<td></td><td class="number">2</td><td> 6</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="number">4</td><td class="number">0</td><td> 0*</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Porkes<span class="gap1"> „ „</span></td> +<td></td><td class="number">2</td><td> 0</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="number">5</td><td class="number">0</td><td> 0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Rice, a pound</td> +<td></td><td></td><td> 3</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td></td><td></td><td> 5</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Sugar<span class="gap1"> „</span></td> +<td></td><td></td><td> 6</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td></td><td></td><td> 6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Holland, an ell (6<i>d.</i>, 8<i>d.</i>, 16<i>d.</i>)</td> +<td></td><td></td><td>10</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td></td><td class="number">1</td><td> 3</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Diapre <span class="gap1"> „</span></td> +<td></td><td class="number">4</td><td> 6</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td></td><td class="number">3</td><td> 0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Towelles <span class="gap1">„</span></td> +<td></td><td class="number">1</td><td> 8</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td></td><td class="number">1</td><td> 6</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Napkyns, a dozen, 12<i>s.</i>, £1, £2,</td> +<td></td><td>17</td><td> 4</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="number">2</td><td class="number">0</td><td> 0</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class="sum" colspan="3"> </td> +<td></td> +<td class="sum" colspan="3"> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>£2</td><td class="number">7</td><td> 0½</td> +<td></td> +<td class="number">£31</td><td class="number">17</td><td> +8</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="footnote"> +* Poor ones.</p> + +<p>This sum would make the things named nearly 14 times as dear now as +in 1468, and raise Fenn’s £100 to about £180; but no reliance can be +placed on this estimate because we know nothing of the condition of the +beves, muttons, veles, and porkys, then, as contrasted +<span class="pagenum">xxxi</span> +<a name="pagexxxi" id="pagexxxi"> </a> +<!-- png 049 --> +with ours. Possibly they were half the size and half the weight. Still, +I have referred the question to Professor Thorold Rogers, author of +the <i>History of Prices</i> 1250-1400 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, and he says:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“In the year to which you refer (1478) bread was very dear, 50 per cent. +above the average. But on the whole, wheat prices in the 15th century +were lower than in the 14th. Fenn’s calculation, a little below the +mark for wheat, is still less below it in most of the second necessaries +of life. The multiple of wheat is about 9, that of meat at least 24, +those of butter and cheese nearly as much. But that of clothing is not +more than 6, that of linen from 4 to 5. Taking however one thing +with another, 12 is a safe general multiplier.”</p> + +<p>This would make the cost of young Paston’s university education £150 +11<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> a year.</p> + +<p>Mr Whiston would raise Fenn’s estimate of £100 to £200. He says that +the rent of land in Kent in 1540 was a shilling or eighteenpence an +acre,—see <i>Valor Ecclesiasticus</i>,—and that the tithes +and glebes of the Dean and Chapter of Rochester, which were worth about +£480 a-year in 1542, are now worth £19,000.</p> + +<p>The remaining Oxford letter in the Paston volumes seems to allude to +the students bearing part of the expenses of the degree, or the feast at +it, of a person related to royal family.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“I supposed, when that I sent my letter to my brother John, that the +Queen’s brother should have proceeded at Midsummer, and therefore I +beseeched her to send me some money, <i>for it will be some cost to +me</i>, but not much.”</p> + +<p>The first school at <a name="cambridge" id="cambridge">Cambridge</a> is said to have been founded by Edward the +Elder, the son of Alfred, but on no good authority. In 1223 the term +<i>University</i> was applied to the place. The dates of the foundations +of its Colleges, as given in its Calendar, are:</p> + +<table class="list" summary="Cambridge colleges"> +<col width="38%"> +<col> +<col class="leftline" width="38%"> +<col> +<tr> +<td>St Peter’s</td> +<td class="year">1257</td> +<td>St Catherine’s Hall</td> +<td class="year">1473</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="2">(date of charter, 1264)</td> +<td>Jesus</td> +<td class="year">1496</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Clare Hall</td> +<td class="year">1326</td> +<td>Christ’s</td> +<td class="year">1505</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Pembroke</td> +<td class="year">1347</td> +<td>St John’s</td> +<td class="year">1511</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Caius</td> +<td class="year">1349</td> +<td>Magdalene</td> +<td class="year">1519</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Trinity Hall</td> +<td class="year">1350</td> +<td>Trinity</td> +<td class="year">1546</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Corpus Christi</td> +<td class="year">1351</td> +<td>Emmanuel</td> +<td class="year">1584</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>King’s</td> +<td class="year">1441</td> +<td>Sidney</td> +<td class="year">1598</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Queen’s</td> +<td class="year">1446</td> +<td>Downing</td> +<td class="year">1800</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="2">(refounded 1465)</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="headnote"> +FEW NOBLEMEN AT CAMBRIDGE.</p> + +<p>Lord Henry Brandon, son of the Duke of Suffolk, died of the +<span class="pagenum">xxxii</span> +<a name="pagexxxii" id="pagexxxii"> </a> +<!-- png 050 --> +sweating sickness then prevalent in the University, on the 16th July, +1551, while a student of Cambridge. His brother, Lord Charles Brandon, +died on the same day. Their removal to Buckden was too late to save them +(<i>Ath. Cant.</i>, i. 105, 541). Of them Ascham says, ‘two noble +Primeroses of Nobilitie, the yong Duke of Suffolke and Lord <i>H. +Matrevers</i> were soch two examples to the Courte for learnyng, as our +tyme may rather wishe, than look for agayne.’—<i>Scholemaster</i>, +ed. Mayor, p. 62. Besides these two young noblemen, the first 104 +pages of Cooper’s <i>Athenæ Cantabrigienses</i> disclose only one other, +Lord Derby’s son, and the following names of sons of knights:<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_44" id="pref_gen_tag_44" href="#pref_gen_note_44">44</a></p> + +<h6>CAMBRIDGE MEN.</h6> + +<table class="names" summary="Cambridge students"> +<tr> +<td class="number">1443</td> +<td><p>Thomas Rotherham, Fellow of King’s, son of Sir Thomas Rotherham, +knight, and Alice his wife.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1494</td> +<td><p>Reginald Bray, high-steward of the university of Oxford, son of +Sir Richard Bray, knight, and the lady Joan his second wife.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number"> +<span class="pagenum">xxxiii</span> +<a name="pagexxxiii" id="pagexxxiii"> </a> +<!-- png 051 --> +1502</td> +<td><p>Humphrey Fitzwilliam, of Pembroke Hall, Vice-Chancellor, +<i>appears</i> to have been the son of Sir Richard Fitzwilliam of +Ecclesfield, and Elizabeth his wife.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">ab. 1468</td> +<td><p>Richard Redman, son of Sir Richard Redman and Elizabeth +[Aldburgh] his wife; made Bp. of St Asaph.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1492</td> +<td><p>Thomas Savage, son of Sir John Savage, knight, Bp. of Rochester. +Was LL.D. ? educated at Cambridge.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1485</td> +<td><p>James Stanley, younger son of Thomas Earl of Derby, educated at +both universities, graduated at Cambridge, and became prebendary of +Holywell in 1485, Bp. of Ely in 1506.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1497</td> +<td><p>William Coningsby, son of Sir Humphrey Coningsby, elected from +Eton to King’s.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1507</td> +<td><p>Thomas Elyot, son of Sir Richard Elyot, made M.A.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">ab. 1520</td> +<td><p>George Blagge, son of Sir Robert Blagge.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Queen Elizabeth’s favourite, Lord Essex, was at Trinity College, +Cambridge. See his letter of May 13, from there, in Ellis, series II. v. +iii. p. 73; the furniture of his room, and his expenses, in the +note p. 73-4; and his Tutor’s letter asking for new clothes for ‘my +Lord,’ or else ‘he shall not onely be thrid bare, but ragged.’</p> + +<p>Archbp. Whitgift<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_45" id="pref_gen_tag_45" href="#pref_gen_note_45">45</a>, when B.D. at +Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1563, +“bestowed some of his time and abilities in the instruction of ingenious +youth, sent to the college for education, in good learning and Christian +manners. And among such his pupils, were two noblemen’s sons, viz. the +Lord Herbert, son and heir to the Earl of Pembroke; and John, son and +heir to the Lord North.” (<i>Life</i>, by Strype, ed. 1822, vol. i. +p. 14.)</p> + +<p>While Whitgift was Master of Trinity, Strype says he had bred up +under him not only several Bishops, but also “the Earls of Worcester and +Cumberland, the Lord Zouch, the Lord Dunboy of Ireland, Sir Nicolas and +Sir Francis Bacon. To which I may add one more, namely, the son of Sir +Nicolas White, Master of the Rolls in Ireland, who married a Devereux.” +(<i>Life</i>, i. 157, ed. 1822.)</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +NOBLES AND GENTLEMEN AT OXFORD.</p> + +<p>A search through the whole of the first volume of Wood’s <i>Athenæ +Oxonienses</i>, comprising a period of nearly 100 years, has resulted in +the following meagre list of men of noble or knightly birth who +distinguished themselves. There are besides many men of “genteel +<span class="pagenum">xxxiv</span> +<a name="pagexxxiv" id="pagexxxiv"> </a> +<!-- png 052 --> +parents,” some of trader-ones, many friars, some Winchester men, but no +Eton ones, educated at Oxford.</p> + +<table class="names" summary="Oxford students"> +<tr> +<td class="number">1478</td> +<td><p>Edmund Dudley, son of John Dudley, Esq., 2nd son of John Lord +Dudley, of Dudley Castle in Staffordshire.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">ab. 1483</td> +<td><p>John Colet, the eldest son of Sir Henry Colet, twice lord mayor +of London ... was educated in grammaticals, partly in London or +Westminster.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td><p>Nicholas Vaux, son of Sir Will. Vaux of Harwedon in +Northamptonshire (not the Poet, Lord Vaux).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>end of Edw. IV.</p></td> +<td><p>John Bourchier, Lord Berners, eldest son of Sir John Bourchier, +knight, Lord Berners of Hertfordshire ... was instructed in several +sorts of learning in the university in the latter end of K. Edw. IV.; in +whose reign, and before, were the sons of divers of the English nobility +educated in academical literature in Baliol Coll.,<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_46" id="pref_gen_tag_46" href="#pref_gen_note_46">46</a> wherein, as ’tis probable, this our author +was instructed also.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1497</td> +<td><p>Thomas More, son of Sir John More, knight. (<i>The</i> Sir Thomas +More.)</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">? ab. 1510</td> +<td><p>George Bulleyn, son and heir of Sir Tho. Bullen, and brother of +Anne Bulleyn.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>? „</td> +<td><p>Henry Parker, son of Sir William Parker, knight.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1515</td> +<td><p>Christopher Seintgerman, son of Sir Henry Seintgerman, +knight.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number nobreak">? ab. 1520</td> +<td><p>Thomas Wyatt, son of Henry Wyatt of Alington Castle in Kent, +knight and baronet, migrated from St John’s, Cambridge.<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_47" id="pref_gen_tag_47" href="#pref_gen_note_47">47</a></p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1538<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_48" id="pref_gen_tag_48" href="#pref_gen_note_48">48</a></td> +<td><p>John Heron, a Kentish man born, near of kin to Sir John Heron, +knight.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">? ab. 1520</td> +<td><p>Edward Seymoure, son of Sir John Seymoure, or St Maure of +Wolf-hall in Wilts, knight, was educated in trivials, and partly in +quadrivials for some time in this university. He was Jane Seymour’s +brother, and afterwards Duke of Somerset, and was beheaded on Jan. 22, +1552-3.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1534</td> +<td><p>John Philpot, son of Sir Pet. Philpot, knight of the Bath. Fellow +of New Coll.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">ab. 15—</td> +<td><p>Henry Lord Stafford (author of the <i>Mirror for +Magistrates</i>), the only son of Edward, Duke of Bucks, ‘received +<span class="pagenum">xxxv</span> +<a name="pagexxxv" id="pagexxxv"> </a> +<!-- png 053 --> +his education in both the universities, especially in that of Cambridge, +to which his father had been a benefactor.’</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1515</td> +<td><p>Reynold Pole (the Cardinal), a younger son of Sir Rich. +Pole.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number nobreak">? ab. 1530</td> +<td><p>Anthony Browne, son of Sir Weston Browne, of Abbesroding and of +Langenhoo in Essex, knight.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">ab. 1574</td> +<td><p>Patrick Plunket, baron of Dunsary in Ireland, son of Rob. +Plunket, baron of the same place.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">ab. 1570</td> +<td><p>Philip Sidney (the poet), son of Sir Henry Sidney.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>?</td> +<td><p>John Smythe, son of Sir Clem. Smythe.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>(Peter Levens or Levins, our <i>Manipulus</i> or +Rhyming-Dictionary man, became a student in the university, an. 1552, +was elected probationer-fellow of Mag. Coll. into a Yorkshire place, 18 +Jan. 1557, being then bach. of arts, and on the 19th Jan. 1559 was +admitted true and perpetual fellow. In 1560 he left his fellowship. +<i>Ath. Ox.</i> p. 547, col. 2.)</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number nobreak">? ab. 1570</td> +<td><p>Reynolde Scot, a younger son of Sir John Scot of Scotshall, near +to Smeeth in Kent.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1590</td> +<td><p>Hayward Townshend, eldest son of Sir Henry Townshend, +knight.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">ab. 1587</td> +<td><p>Francis Tresham (of Gunpowder Plot notoriety), son of Sir Thomas +Tresham, knight.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The number of friars and monks at the Universities before the +Reformation, and especially at Oxford, must have been large. Tanner +says,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +In our universities ... were taught divinity and canon law (then, +t. Hen. III., much in vogue), and the friers resorting thither in +great numbers and applying themselves closely to their studies, outdid +the monks in all fashionable knowledge. But the monks quickly perceived +it, and went also to the universities and studied hard, that they might +not be run down by the friers.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_49" id="pref_gen_tag_49" href="#pref_gen_note_49">49</a> And as the +<span class="pagenum">xxxvi</span> +<a name="pagexxxvi" id="pagexxxvi"> </a> +<!-- png 054 --> +friers got houses in the universities, the monks also got colleges +founded and endowed there<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_50" id="pref_gen_tag_50" href="#pref_gen_note_50">50</a> for the education of +their novices, where they were for some years instructed in grammar, +philosophy, and school divinity, and then returning home, improved their +knowledge by their private studies, to the service of God and the credit +of their respective societies. So that a little before the Reformation, +the greatest part of the proceeders in divinity at Oxford were monks and +Regular canons.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +FAVOURITISM OF THE RICH IN THE UNIVERSITIES.</p> + +<p>By Harrison’s time, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1577<a +class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_51" id="pref_gen_tag_51" href="#pref_gen_note_51">51</a>, rich men’s sons had not only pressed into +the Universities, but were scrooging poor men’s sons out of the +endowments meant only for the poor, learning the lessons that Mr Whiston +so well shows our Cathedral dignitaries have carried out +<span class="pagenum">xxxvii</span> +<a name="pagexxxvii" id="pagexxxvii"> </a> +<!-- png 055 --> +with the stipends of their choristers, boys and men. “<i>Les gros +poissons mangent les menus.</i> Pro. Poore men are (easily) supplanted +by the rich, the weake by the strong, the meane by the mighty.”<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_52" id="pref_gen_tag_52" href="#pref_gen_note_52">52</a> (Cotgrave, u. <i>manger</i>.) The law of +“natural selection” prevails. Who shall say nay in a Christian land +professing the principles of the great “Inventor of Philanthropy”? +Whitgift for one, see his Life of Strype, Bk. I. chap. xiii. +p. 148-50, ed. 1822. In 1589 an act 31 Eliz. c. 6, was passed to +endeavour to prevent the abuse, but, like modern Election-bribery Acts +with their abuse, did not do it.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“at this present, of one sort & other, there are about three +thousand students nourished in them both (as by a late serveie it +manifestlie appeared). They [the Colleges at our Universities] were +created by their founders at the first, onelie for pore men’s sons, +whose parents were not able to bring them up unto learning: but now they +have the least benefit of them, by reason the rich do so incroch upon +them. And so farre hath this inconvenence spread itself, that it is in +my time an hard matter for a pore man’s child to come by a fellowship +(though he be neuer so good a scholer & worthie of that roome.) Such +packing also is used at elections, that not he which best deserveth, but +he that hath most friends, though he be the worst scholer, is alwaies +surest to speed; which will turne in the end to the overthrow of +learning. That some gentlemen also, whose friends have been in times +past benefactors to certeine of those houses, doe intrude into the +disposition of their estates, without all respect of order or statutes +devised by the founders, onelie thereby to place whome they think good +(and not without some hope of gaine) the case is <ins class="mycorr" +title="text unchanged">too too</ins> evident, and their attempt would +soone take place, if their superiors did not provide to bridle their +indevors. In some grammar schooles likewise, which send scholers to +these universities, it is lamentable to see what briberie is used; +<span class="headnote"> +BAD EXAMPLE OF RICH MEN AT COLLEGE.</span> +for yer the scholer can be preferred, such briberye is made, that pore +men’s children are commonly shut out, and the richer sort received (who +in times past thought it dishonour to live as it were upon almes) and +yet being placed, most of them studie little other than histories, +tables, dice & trifles, as men that make not the living by their +studie the end of their purposes; which is a lamentable bearing. Besides +this, being for the most part either gentlemen, or rich men’s sonnes, +they oft bring the universities into much slander.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_53" id="pref_gen_tag_53" href="#pref_gen_note_53">53</a> For +<span class="pagenum">xxxviii</span> +<a name="pagexxxviii" id="pagexxxviii"> </a> +<!-- png 056 --> +standing upon their reputation and libertie, they ruffle and roist it +out, exceeding in apparell, and hanting riotous companie (which draweth +them from their bookes into an other trade). And for excuse, when they +are charged with breach of all good order, thinke it sufficient to saie, +that they be gentlemen, which grieveth manie not a little. But to +proceed with the rest.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“Everie one of these colleges haue in like manner their professors or +readers of the tongs and severall sciences, as they call them, which +dailie trade up the youth there abiding privatlie in their halles, to +the end they may be able afterwards (when their turne commeth about, +which is after twelve termes) to show themselves abroad, by going from +thence into the common schooles and publike disputations (as it were +<i>In aream</i>) there to trie their skilles, and declare how they have +profited since their coming thither.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“Moreover in the publike schooles of both the universities, there are +found at the prince’s charge (and that verie largelie) five professors +& readers, that is to saie, of divinitie, of the civill law, +physicke, the Hebrew and the Greek tongues. And for the other lectures, +as of philosophie, logike, rhetorike and the quadriuials, although the +latter (I mean, arithmetike, musike, geometrie and astronomie, and +with them all skill in the perspectives are now smallie regarded in +either of them) the universities themselves do allowe competent stipends +to such as reade the same, whereby they are sufficiently provided for, +touching the maintenance of their estates, and no less encouraged to be +diligent in their functions.”</p> + +<p>On the introduction of the study of Greek into the Universities, Dr +S. Knight says in his <i>Life of Colet</i>:</p> + +<div class="inset"> +<p>“As for <i>Oxford</i>, its own <i>History</i> and <i>Antiquities</i> +sufficiently confess, that nothing was known there but <i>Latin</i>, and +that in the most +<span class="pagenum">xxxix</span> +<a name="pagexxxix" id="pagexxxix"> </a> +<!-- png 057 --> +depraved Style of the <i>School-men</i>. <i>Cornelius Vitellius</i>, an +<i>Italian</i>, was the first who taught <i>Greek</i> in that +University<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_54" id="pref_gen_tag_54" href="#pref_gen_note_54">54</a>; and from him the +famous <i>Grocyne</i> learned the first Elements thereof.</p> + +<p>“In <i>Cambridge</i>, <i>Erasmus</i> was the first who taught the +<i>Greek Grammar</i>. And so very low was the State of Learning in that +University, that (as he tells a Friend) about the Year 1485, the +Beginning of <i>Hen.</i> VII. Reign, there was nothing taught in that +publick Seminary besides <i>Alexander’s Parva Logicalia</i>, (as they +called them) the old <i>Axioms</i> of <i>Aristotle</i>, and the +<i>Questions</i> of John Scotus, till in Process of time <i>good +Letters</i> were brought in, and some Knowledge of the +<i>Mathematicks</i>; as also <i>Aristotle</i> in a new Dress, and some +Skill in the <i>Greek</i> Tongue; and, by Degrees, a Multitude of +<i>Authors</i>, whose <i>Names</i> before had not been heard of.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_55" id="pref_gen_tag_55" href="#pref_gen_note_55">55</a></p> + +<p>“It is certain that even <i>Erasmus</i> himself did little understand +<i>Greek</i>, when he came first into <i>England</i>, in 1497 (13 +<i>Hen.</i> VII.), and that our Countryman <i>Linacer</i> taught it him, +being just returned from <i>Italy</i> with great Skill in that Language: +Which <i>Linacer</i> and <i>William Grocyne</i> were the two only Tutors +that were able to teach it.” Saml. Knight, Life of Dr John Colet, +pp. 17, 18.</p> +</div> + +<p>The age at which boys went up to the University seems to have varied +greatly. When Oxford students were forbidden to play marbles they could +not have been very old. But in “The Mirror of the Periods of Man’s Life” +(? ab. 1430 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>), in the +Society’s <i>Hymns to the Virgin and Christ</i> of this year, we find +the going-up age put at twenty:</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>Quod resou<i>n</i>, in age of <span class="smallroman">.XX.</span> +ȝeer,</p> +<p class="in1">Goo to oxenford, or lerne lawe<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_56" id="pref_gen_tag_56" href="#pref_gen_note_56">56</a>.</p> +</div> + +<p>This is confirmed by young Paston’s being at Eton at nineteen (see +below, <a href="#pagelvi">p. lvi</a>). In 1612, Brinsley (<i>Grammar +Schoole</i>, p. 307) puts the age at fifteen, and says,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“such onely should be sent to the Vniuersities, who proue most ingenuous +and towardly, and who, in a loue of learning, will begin to +<span class="pagenum">xl</span> +<a name="pagexl" id="pagexl"> </a> +<!-- png 058 --> +take paines of themselues, hauing attained in some sort the former parts +of learning; being good Grammarians at least, able to vnderstand, write +and speake Latine in good sort.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“Such as haue good discretion how to gouerne themselues there, and to +moderate their expenses; which is seldome times before 15 yeeres of age; +which is also the youngest age admitted by the statutes of the +Vniuersity, as I take it.”</p> + +<p class="headnote section"> +FOREIGN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_educ4" id="pref_educ4">4.</a> +<i>Foreign University Education.</i> That some of our nobles sent their +sons to be educated in the French universities (whence they sometimes +imported foreign vices into England<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_57" id="pref_gen_tag_57" href="#pref_gen_note_57">57</a>) is witnessed by some verses in a Latin Poem +“in MS. Digby, No. 4 (Bodleian Library) of the end of the 13th or +beginning of the 14th century,” printed by Mr Thomas Wright in his +<i>Anecdota Literaria</i>, p. 38.</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>Filii nobilium, dum sunt juniores,</p> +<p>Mittuntur in Franciam fieri doctores;</p> +<p>Quos prece vel pretio domant corruptores,</p> +<p>Sic prætaxatos referunt artaxata mores.</p> +</div> + +<p>An English <i>nation</i> or set of students of the Faculty of Arts at +Paris existed in 1169; after 1430 the name was changed to the German +nation. Besides the students from the French provinces subject to the +English, as Poictou, Guienne, &c, it included the English, Scottish, +Irish, Poles, Germans, &c. —<i>Encyc. Brit.</i> John of +Salisbury (born 1110) says that he was twelve years studying at Paris on +his own account. Thomas a Becket, as a young man, studied at Paris. +Giraldus Cambrensis (born 1147) went to Paris for education; so did +Alexander Neckham (died 1227). Henry says,</p> + +<div class="inset"> +<p>“The English, in particular, were so numerous, that they occupied +several schools or colleges; and made so distinguished a figure by their +genius and learning, as well as by their generous manner of living, that +they attracted the notice of all strangers. This appears from the +following verses, describing the behaviour of a stranger on +<span class="pagenum">xli</span> +<a name="pagexli" id="pagexli"> </a> +<!-- png 059 --> +his first arrival in Paris, composed by Negel Wircker, an English +student there, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1170:—</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>The stranger dress’d, the city first surveys,</p> +<p>A church he enters, to his God he prays.</p> +<p>Next to the schools he hastens, each he views,</p> +<p>With care examines, anxious which to chuse.</p> +<p>The English most attract his prying eyes,</p> +<p>Their manners, words, and looks, pronounce them wise.</p> +<p>Theirs is the open hand, the bounteous mind;</p> +<p>Theirs solid sense, with sparkling wit combin’d.</p> +<p>Their graver studies jovial banquets crown,</p> +<p>Their rankling cares in flowing bowls they drown.<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_58" id="pref_gen_tag_58" href="#pref_gen_note_58">58</a></p> +</div> + +<p>Montpelier was another University whither Englishmen resorted, and is +to be remembered by us if only for the memory of Andrew Borde, M.D., +some bits of whose quaintness are in the notes to Russell in the present +volume.</p> + +<p>Padua is to be noted for Pace’s sake. He is supposed to have been +born in 1482.</p> + +<p>Later, the custom of sending young noblemen and gentlemen to +Italy—to travel, not to take a degree—was introduced, and +Ascham’s condemnation of it, when no tutor accompanied the youths, is +too well known to need quoting. The Italians’ saying, <i>Inglese +Italianato è un diabolo incarnato</i>, sums it up.<ins class="mycorr" title="footnote marker conjectural"><a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_59" id="pref_gen_tag_59" href="#pref_gen_note_59">59</a></ins></p> + +<p class="headnote section"> +MONASTIC AND CATHEDRAL SCHOOLS.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_educ5" id="pref_educ5">5.</a> +<i>Monastic and Cathedral Schools.</i> Herbert Losing, Bp. of <a name="thetford" id="thetford">Thetford</a>, afterwards Norwich, between +1091 and 1119, in his 37th Letter restores his schools at Thetford to +Dean Bund, and directs that no other schools be opened there.</p> + +<p>Tanner (<i>Not. Mon.</i> p. xx. ed. Nasmith), when mentioning “the +use and advantage of these Religious houses”—under which term +<span class="pagenum">xlii</span> +<a name="pagexlii" id="pagexlii"> </a> +<!-- png 060 --> +“are comprehended, cathedral and collegiate churches, abbies, priories, +colleges, hospitals, preceptories (Knights Templars’ houses), and +frieries”—says,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“Secondly, They were schools of learning & education; for every +convent had one person or more appointed for this purpose; and all the +neighbours that desired it, might have their children taught grammar and +church musick without any expence to them.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_60" id="pref_gen_tag_60" href="#pref_gen_note_60">60</a></p> + +<p class="inset"> +In the nunneries also young women were taught to work, and to read +English, and sometimes Latin also. So that not only the lower rank of +people, who could not pay for their learning, but most of the noblemen +and gentlemen’s daughters were educated in those places.”<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_61" id="pref_gen_tag_61" href="#pref_gen_note_61">61</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">xliii</span> +<a name="pagexliii" id="pagexliii"> </a> +<!-- png 061 --> +<p class="headnote section"> +LYDGATE’S TRICKS AT SCHOOL.</p> + +<p>As Lydgate (born at Lydgate in Suffolk, six or seven miles from +Newmarket) was ordained subdeacon in the Benedictine monastery of Bury +St Edmunds in 1389<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_62" id="pref_gen_tag_62" href="#pref_gen_note_62">62</a>, he was probably +sent as a boy to a monastic school. At any rate, as he sketches his +early escapades—apple-stealing, playing truant, &c.,—for +us in his <i>Testament</i><a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_63" id="pref_gen_tag_63" href="#pref_gen_note_63">63</a>, I shall quote +the youth’s bit of the poem here:—</p> + +<p class="center">Harleian MS. 2255, fol. 60.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<span class="sidenote"> +In my boyhood,</span> +<p><span class="largecap">D</span>uryng the tyme / +of this sesou<i>n</i> ver</p> +<p>I meene the sesou<i>n</i> / of my yeerys greene</p> +<p>Gynnyng fro childhood / <span class="texttag">strecchith<i>e</i></span> vp so fer</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +up to 15,</span> +<p>to þe yeerys / accountyd ful Fifteene</p> +<p>bexperience / as it was weel seene</p> +<p>The gerissh<i>e</i> sesou<i>n</i> / straunge of +condiciou<i>n</i>s</p> +<p>Dispoosyd to many vnbridlyd passiouns</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>strecchith<i>e</i></i>] strecched.<br> +(These collations are from Harl. 218, fol. 65, back.) +</p> + +<span class="leftnote"> +[fol. 60 b.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Voyd of resou<i>n</i> / yove to wilfulnesse</p> +<p>Froward to vertu / of thrift <span class="texttag">gaf</span> litil +heede</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +I loved no work but play</span> +<p>loth to lerne / lovid no besynesse</p> +<p>Sauf pley or merthe / strau<i>n</i>ge to spelle or reede</p> +<p>Folwyng al appetites / longyng to childheede</p> +<p>lihtly tournyng wylde / and seelde sad</p> +<p>Weepyng for nouht / and anoon afftir glad</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>gaf</i>] toke. +</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ For litil wroth / to stryve with my felawe</p> +<p>As my passiou<i>n</i>s / did my bridil leede</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +yet I was afraid of being scored by the rod.</span> +<p>Of the yeerde somtyme / I Stood in awe</p> +<p>to be <span class="texttag">scooryd</span> / that was al my +dreede</p> +<p>loth toward scole / lost my tyme in deede</p> +<p>lik a yong colt / that ran with-owte brydil</p> +<p>Made my freendys / ther good to spend in ydil /</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>scooryd</i>] skoured. +</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +I came to school late,</span> +<p class="stanza"> +¶ I hadde in custom / to come to scole late</p> +<p>Nat for to lerne / but for a contenaunce</p> +<p>with my felawys / reedy to debate</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +talked,</span> +<p>to Iangle and Iape / was set al my plesaunce</p> +<p>wherof rebukyd / this was my chevisaunce</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +lied to get off blame,</span> +<p>to forge a lesyng / and therupon to muse</p> +<p>whan I trespasyd / my silven to excuse</p> + +<span class="leftnote"> +[fol. 61.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and mocked my masters.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +¶ To my bettre / did no reverence</p> +<p>Of my sovereyns / gaf no fors at al</p> +<span class="pagenum">xliv</span> +<a name="pagexliv" id="pagexliv"> </a> +<!-- png 062 --> +<p>wex obstynat / by inobedience</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +I stole apples and grapes,</span> +<p>Ran in to garydns / applys ther I stal</p> +<p>To gadre frutys / sparyd <span class="texttag">hegg</span> nor +wal</p> +<p>to plukke grapys / in othir mennys vynes</p> +<p>Was moor reedy / than for to <span class="texttag">seyn</span> +matynes</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>hegg</i>] nedir hegge. +<i>seyn</i>] sey. +</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +played tricks and mocked people,</span> +<p class="stanza"> +¶ My lust was al / to scorne folk and iape</p> +<p>Shrewde tornys / evir among to vse</p> +<p>to Skoffe and <span class="texttag">mowe</span> / lyk a +wantou<i>n</i> Ape</p> +<p>whan I did evil / othre I <span class="texttag">did</span> +accuse</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +liked counting cherry-stones better than church.</span> +<p>My wittys five / in wast I did <span class="texttag">abuse</span></p> +<p>Rediere chirstoonys / for <span class="texttag">to</span> telle</p> +<p>Than gon to chirche / or heere the <span class="texttag">sacry</span> belle</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>mowe</i>] mowen. +<i>did</i>] koude. +<i>abuse</i>] alle vse.<br> +<i>to</i>] cheristones to. +<i>sacry</i>] sacryng. +</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Late to rise, I was; dirty at dinner,</span> +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Loth to ryse / lother to bedde at eve</p> +<p>with vnwassh <span class="texttag">handys</span> / reedy to +dyneer</p> +<p>My <i>pater noster</i> / my <i>Crede</i> / or my beleeve</p> +<p>Cast at <span class="texttag">the</span> Cok / loo this was my +maneer</p> +<p>Wavid with ech<i>e</i> wynd / as doth a reed speer</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +deaf to the snubbings of my friends,</span> +<p><span class="texttag">Snybbyd</span> of my frendys / such techchys +<span class="texttag">fortame<i>n</i>de</span></p> +<p>Made deff ere / lyst nat / to them attende</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>handys</i>] hondes. +<i>the</i>] atte.<br> +<i>Snybbyd</i>] Snybbyng. +<i>fortame<i>n</i>de</i>] tamende. +</p> + +<span class="leftnote"> +[fol. 61 b.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +¶ A child resemblyng / which was nat lyk to thryve</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +reckless in God’s service,</span> +<p>Froward to god / <span class="texttag">reklees</span> in his +servise</p> +<p>loth to correcciou<i>n</i> / slouh<i>e</i> my sylf to shryve</p> +<p>Al good thewys / reedy to despise</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +chief shammer of illness when I was well,</span> +<p>Cheef bellewedir / of <span class="texttag">feyned</span> +trwaundise</p> +<p>this is to meene / my silf I cowde feyne</p> +<p>Syk lyk a trwaunt / <span class="texttag">felte</span> no maneer +peyne</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>reklees</i>] rekkes. +<i>feyned</i>] froward. +<i>felte</i>] and felt. +</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +always unsteady,</span> +<p class="stanza"> +¶ My poort my pas / my foot alwey vnstable</p> +<p>my look my eyen / vnswre and vagabounde</p> +<p>In al my werkys / sodeynly chaungable</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +ill-conducted,</span> +<p>To al good thewys / contrary I was founde</p> +<p>Now ovir sad / now moornyng / now iocounde</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +sparing none for my pleasure.</span> +<p>Wilful rekles / <span class="texttag">mad</span> stertyng as an +hare</p> +<p>To folwe my lust / for no man wold I spare.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>mad</i>] made. +</p> + +</div> + +<p>At these monastic schools, I suppose, were educated mainly the boys +whom the monks hoped would become monks, cleric or secular; mostly the +poor, the Plowman’s brother who was to be the Parson, not often the +ploughman himself. Once, though, made a scholar and monk there, and sent +by the Monastery to the University, the workman’s, if not the +ploughman’s, son, might rule nobles and +<span class="pagenum">xlv</span> +<a name="pagexlv" id="pagexlv"> </a> +<!-- png 063 --> +sit by kings, nay, beard them to their face. Thomas a Becket, himself +the son of <ins class="edcorr" title="changed by author to ‘independent’">poor</ins> parents<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_63a" id="pref_gen_tag_63a" href="#pref_gen_note_63a">63a</a>, was sent to be brought up in the +“religious house of the Canons of Merton.”</p> + +<p>In 1392 the writer of Piers Plowman’s Crede sketches the then state +of things thus:</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Now every cobbler’s son and beggar’s brat turns writer, then +Bishop,</span> +<p>Now mot ich soutere hys sone · seten to schole,</p> +<p>And ich a beggeres brol · on the book lerne,</p> +<p>And worth to a writere · and with a lorde dwelle,</p> +<p>Other falsly to a frere · the fend for to serven;</p> +<p>So of that beggares brol · a [bychop<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_64" id="pref_gen_tag_64" href="#pref_gen_note_64">64</a>] shal worthen,</p> +<p>Among the peres of the lond · prese to sytten,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and lords’ sons crouch to him,</span> +<p>And lordes sones<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_65" id="pref_gen_tag_65" href="#pref_gen_note_65">65</a> lowly · to tho +losels alowte,</p> +<p>Knyghtes crouketh hem to · and cruccheth ful lowe;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +a cobbler’s son</span> +<p>And his syre a soutere · y-suled in grees,</p> +<p>His teeth with toylyng of lether · tatered as a sawe.</p> +</div> + +<p>Here I might stop the quotation, but I go on, for justice has never +yet been done<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_66" id="pref_gen_tag_66" href="#pref_gen_note_66">66</a> to this noble +<i>Crede</i> and William’s <i>Vision</i> as pictures of the life of +their times,—chiefly from the profound ignorance of us English of +our own language; partly from the grace, the freshness, and the +brilliance of Chaucer’s easier and inimitable verse:—</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Lords</span> +<p>Alaas! that lordes of the londe · leveth swiche wreechen,</p> +<p>And leveth swych lorels · for her lowe wordes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +should make gentlemen Bishops,</span> +<p>They shulden maken [bichopes<a class="tag" href="#pref_gen_note_64">64</a>] · her owen bretheren childre,</p> +<p>Other of som gentil blod · And so yt best semed,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and set these scamps</span> +<p>And fostre none faytoures<a class="tag" href="#pref_gen_note_64">64</a> · ne swich false freres,</p> +<p>To maken fat and fulle · and her flesh combren.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +to clean ditches,</span> +<p>For her kynde were more · to y-clense diches</p> +<p>Than ben to sopers y-set first · and served with sylver.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and eat beans and bacon-rind instead of peacocks,</span> +<p>A grete bolle-ful of benen · were beter in hys wombe,</p> +<p>And with the <span class="texttag">bandes</span> of bakun · his +baly for to fillen</p> +<p>Than pertryches or plovers · or pecockes y-rosted,</p> +<p>And comeren her stomakes · with curiuse drynkes</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and having women.</span> +<p>That maketh swyche harlotes · hordom usen,</p> +<p>And with her wikkid word · wymmen bitrayeth.</p> +<p>God wold her wonyynge · were in wildernesse,</p> +<p>And fals freres forboden · the fayre ladis chaumbres;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +If Lords but knew their tricks,</span> +<p>For knewe lordes her craft · treuly I trowe</p> +<p>They shulden nought haunten her house · so ho[m]ly<a class="tag" +href="#pref_gen_note_64">64</a> on nyghtes,</p> +<span class="pagenum">xlvi</span> +<a name="pagexlvi" id="pagexlvi"> </a> +<!-- png 064 --> +<span class="sidenote"> +they’d turn these beggars into the straw.</span> +<p>Ne bedden swich brothels · in so brode shetes,</p> +<p>But sheten her heved in the stre · to sharpen her wittes.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>bandes</i>] ? randes. Sk. +</p> + +</div> + +<p class="headnote"> +<a name="pref_laborers" id="pref_laborers"> +EDUCATION OF FIELD LABOURERS.</a></p> + +<p>There is one side of the picture, the workman’s son turned monk, and +clerk to a lord. Let us turn to the other side, the ploughman’s son who +didn’t turn monk, whose head <i>was</i> ‘shet’ in the straw, who delved +and ditched, and dunged the earth, eat bread of corn and bran, worts +fleshless (vegetables, but no meat), drank water, and went miserably +(<i>Crede</i>, l. 1565-71). What education did he get? To whom +could he be apprenticed? What was his chance in life? Let the +Statute-Book answer:—</p> + +<p class="center"> +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1388. 12º Rich. II., +Cap. v.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>Item.</i> It is ordained & assented, That he or she which used to +labour at the Plough and Cart, or other Labour or Service of Husbandry +<i>till they be of the Age of Twelve Years, that from thenceforth they +shall abide at the same Labour</i>, without being put to any Mystery or +Handicraft; and if any Covenant or Bond of Apprentie (<i>so</i>) be from +henceforth made to the Contrary, the same shall be holden for none.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1405-6. 7º Henri IV., Cap. +xvii.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +. . . . . And Whereas in the Statutes made at +Canterbury among other Articles it is contained That he or she that +useth to labour at the Plough or Cart, or other Labour or Service of +Husbandry, till he be of the age of Twelve Years, that from the same +time forth he shall abide at the same Labour, without being put to any +Mystery or Handicraft; and if any Covenant or Bond be made from that +time forth to the contrary, it shall be holden for none: Notwithstanding +which Article, and the good Statutes afore made through all parts of the +Realm, the Infants born within the Towns and Seignories of Upland, whose +Fathers & Mothers have no Land nor Rent nor other Living, but only +their Service or Mystery, be put by their said Fathers and Mothers and +other their Friends to serve, and bound Apprentices, to divers Crafts +within the Cities and Boroughs of the said Realm <i>sometime at the Age +of Twelve Years, sometime within the said Age</i>, and that for the +Pride of Clothing and other evil Customs that Servants do use in the +same; so that there is so great Scarcity of Labourers and other Servants +of Husbandry <i>that the Gentlemen and other People of the Realm be +greatly impoverished for the Cause aforesaid:</i> Our Sovereign Lord the +King considering the said Mischief, and willing thereupon to provide +Remedy, by the advice & assent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, +and at the request of the said Commons, hath ordained and stablished, +That no Man nor Woman, of what Estate or Condition they be, shall put +their Son or Daughter, of whatsoever Age he or she be, to Serve as +Apprentice to no Craft nor other Labour within any City or Borough in +the Realm, except he have Land or Rent to the Value of Twenty Shillings +by the Year at +<span class="pagenum">xlvii</span> +<a name="pagexlvii" id="pagexlvii"> </a> +<!-- png 065 --> +the least, but they shall be put to other labours as their Estates doth +require, upon Pain of one Year’s Imprisonment, and to make Fine and +Ransom at the King’s Will. And if any Covenant be made of any such +Infant, of what Estate that he be, to the contrary, it shall be holden +for none. Provided Always, that every Man and Woman, of what Estate or +Condition that he be, shall be free to set their Son or Daughter to take +Learning at any manner School that pleaseth them within the Realm.</p> + +<p>A most gracious saving clause truly, for those children who were used +to labour at the plough and cart till they were twelve years old<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_67" id="pref_gen_tag_67" href="#pref_gen_note_67">67</a>. Let us hope that some got the benefit +of it!</p> + +<p>These Acts I came across when hunting for the Statutes referred to by +the <i>Boke of Curtasye</i> as fixing the hire of horses for carriage at +fourpence a piece, and they caused me some surprise. They made me wonder +less at the energy with which some people now are striving to erect +“barriers against democracy” to prevent the return match for the old +game coming off.—However improving, and however justly +retributive, future legislation for the rich by the poor in the spirit +of past legislation for the poor by the rich might be, it could hardly +be considered pleasant, and is surely worth putting up the true barrier +against, one of education in each poor man’s mind. (He who americanizes +us thus far will be the greatest benefactor England has had for some +ages.)—These Statutes also made me think how the old spirit still +lingers in England, how a friend of my own was curate in a Surrey +village where the kind-hearted squire would allow none of the R’s but +Reading to be taught in his school; how another clergyman lately +reported his Farmers’ meeting on the school question: Reading and +Writing might be taught, but Arithmetic not; the boys would be getting +to know too +<span class="pagenum">xlviii</span> +<a name="pagexlviii" id="pagexlviii"> </a> +<!-- png 066 --> +much about wages, and that would be troublesome; how, lastly, our gangs +of children working on our Eastern-counties farms, and our bird-keeping +boys of the whole South, can almost match the children of the +agricultural labourer of 1388.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +NO BONDSMAN’S SON TO BE AN APPRENTICE.</p> + +<p>The early practice of the Freemasons, and other crafts, refusing to +let any member take a bondsman’s son as an apprentice, was founded on +the reasonable apprehension that his lord would or might afterwards +claim the lad, make him disclose the trade-secrets, and carry on his art +for the lord’s benefit. The fourth of the ‘Fyftene artyculus or fyftene +poyntus’ of the Freemasons, printed by Mr Halliwell (p. 16), is on +this subject.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Articulus quartus</i> (MS. Bibl. Reg. 17 A, Art. I., fol. 3, +&c.)</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>The fowrthe artycul thys moste be,</p> +<p>That the mayster hym wel be-se</p> +<p>That he <i>no bondemon</i> prentys make,</p> +<p>Ny for no covetyse do hym take;</p> +<p>For the lord that he ys bond to,</p> +<p>May fache the prentes whersever he go.</p> +<p>Ȝef yn the logge he were y-take,</p> +<p>Muche desese hyt myȝth ther make,</p> +<p>And suche case hyt myȝth befalle</p> +<p>That hyt myȝth greve summe or alle;</p> +<p>For alle the masonus that ben there</p> +<p>Wol stonde togedur hol y-fere.</p> +<p>Ȝef suche won yn that craft schulde dwelle,</p> +<p>Of dyvers desesys ȝe myȝth telle.</p> +<p>For more ȝese thenne, and of honesté,</p> +<p>Take a prentes of <span class="texttag">herre</span> degré.</p> +<p>By olde tyme, wryten y fynde</p> +<p>That the prentes schulde be of gentyl kynde;</p> +<p>And so sumtyme grete lordys blod</p> +<p>Toke thys gemetry that ys ful good.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>herre</i>] higher.</p> +</div> + +<p>I should like to see the evidence of a lord’s son having become a +working mason, and dwelling seven years with his master ‘hys craft to +lurne.’</p> + +<p class="mynote"> +In the following section, the attribution of quotes is sometimes +obscure. The text layout has been kept as close as possible to the +original.</p> + +<p class="headnote section"> +POST-REFORMATION CATHEDRAL SCHOOLS.</p> + +<p><i>Cathedral Schools.</i> About the pre-Reformation Schools I can +find only the extract from Tanner given above, p. xlii. On the +post-Reformation Schools I refer readers to Mr Whiston’s <i>Cathedral +Trusts</i>, 1850. He says:</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xlix</span> +<a name="pagexlix" id="pagexlix"> </a> +<!-- png 067 --> +<p class="inset"> +“The Cathedrals of England are of two kinds, those of the old and those +of the new foundation: of the latter, Canterbury (the old archiepiscopal +see) and Carlisle, Durham, Ely, Norwich, Rochester, and Worcester, old +episcopal sees, were <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1541-2 +refounded, or rather reformed, by Henry VIII. ... Besides these, he +created five other cathedral churches or colleges, in connexion with the +five new episcopal sees of Bristol, Chester, Gloucester, Oxford, and +Peterborough. He further created the see of Westminster, which was ... +subsequently (<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1560) converted to +a deanery collegiate by Queen Elizabeth ... (p. 6). The preamble of +the Act 31 Henry VIII. c. 9, for founding the new cathedrals, preserved +in Henry’s own handwriting, recites that they were established ‘To the +intente that Gods worde myght the better be sett forthe, <i>cyldren +broght up in lernynge, clerces nuryshyd in the universities</i>, olde +servantes decayed, to have lyfing, allmes housys for pour folke to be +sustayned in, <i>Reders of grece, ebrew, and latyne to have good +stypende</i>, dayly almes to be mynistrate, mending of hyght wayes, and +exhybision for mynisters of the chyrche.’”</p> + +<p>“A general idea of the scope and nature of the cathedral +establishments, as originally planned and settled by Henry VIII., may be +formed from the first chapter of the old statutes of Canterbury, which +is almost identical with the corresponding chapter of the statutes of +all the other cathedrals of the new foundation. It is as follows:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“On<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_68" id="pref_gen_tag_68" href="#pref_gen_note_68">68</a> the entire number of those who have their +sustentation (qui sustentantur) in the cathedral and metropolitical +church of Canterbury: </p> + +<p class="inset"> +“First of all we ordain and direct that there be for ever in our +aforesaid church, one dean, twelve canons, six preachers, twelve minor +canons, one deacon, one subdeacon, twelve lay-clerks, <i>one master of +the choristers, ten choristers, two teachers of the boys in grammar, one +of whom is to be the head master, the other, second master, fifty boys +to be instructed in grammar</i>,<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_69" id="pref_gen_tag_69" href="#pref_gen_note_69">69</a> twelve poor men to be maintained at the costs +and charges of the said church, two vergers, two subsacrists +(<i>i.e.</i>, sextons), four servants in the church to ring the bells, +and arrange all the rest, two porters, who shall also be barber-tonsors, +one caterer,<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_70" id="pref_gen_tag_70" href="#pref_gen_note_70">70</a> one butler, and one +under butler, one cook, and one under-cook, who, indeed, in the number +prescribed, are to serve in our church every one of them in his own +order, according to our statutes and ordinances.”</p> + +<span class="pagenum">l</span> +<a name="pagel" id="pagel"> </a> +<!-- png 068 --> + +<p class="inset"> +In the Durham statutes, as settled in the first year of Philip and Mary, +the corresponding chapter is as follows:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +On<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_71" id="pref_gen_tag_71" href="#pref_gen_note_71">71</a> the total number of those who have their +sustentation (qui sustentantur) in the cathedral church of Durham.</p> + +<div class="inset"> +<p>“We direct and ordain that there be for ever in the said church, one +dean, twelve prebendaries, twelve minor canons, one deacon, one +sub-deacon, ten clerks, (who may be either clerks or laymen,) <i>one +master of the choristers, ten choristers, two teachers of the boys in +grammar, eighteen boys to be instructed in grammar</i>, eight poor men +to be maintained at the costs of the said church, two subsacrists, two +vergers, two porters, one of whom shall also be barber-tonsor, one +butler, one under-butler, one cook, and one under-cook.”</p> + +<p>“The monastic or collegiate character of the bodies thus constituted, +is indicated by the names and offices of the inferior ministers above +specified, who were intended to form a part of the establishment of the +Common Hall, in which most of the subordinate members, including the +boys to be instructed in grammar, were to take their meals. There was +also another point in which the cathedrals were meant to resemble and +supply the place of the old religious houses, <i>i.e.</i>, in the +maintenance of a certain number of students at the universities.”</p> + +<p class="right"> +R<sup>t</sup>. <span class="smallcaps">Whiston</span>, <i>Cathedral +Trusts and their Fulfilment</i>, p. 2–4.</p> +</div> + +<p>“The nature of these schools, and the desire to perpetuate and +improve them, may be inferred from ‘certein articles noted for the +reformation of the cathedral churche of Excestr’, submitted by the +commissioners of Henry VIII., unto the correction of the Kynges +Majestie,’ as follows:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>The tenth Article</i> submitted. “That ther may be in the said +Cathedral churche a free songe scole, the scolemaster to have yerly of +the said pastor and prechars xx. marks for his wages, and his howss +free, to teache xl. children frely, to rede, to write, synge and playe +upon instruments of musike, also to teache ther A. B. C. in +greke and hebrew. And every of the said xl. children to have wekely +xiid. for ther meat and drink, and yerly vi<sup>s</sup> +viii<sup>d</sup>. for a gowne; they to be bownd dayly to syng <i>and</i> +rede within the said Cathedral churche such divine service as it may +please the Kynges Majestie to allowe; the said childre to be at comons +alltogether, with three prests hereaffter to be spoke off, to see them +well ordered at the meat and to reforme their manners.”</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>Article the eleventh</i>, submitted. “That ther may be a fre grammer +scole within the same Cathedral churche, the scole-master to have +xx<sup>li</sup>. by yere and his howss fre, the ussher x<sup>li</sup>. +& his howss +<span class="pagenum">li</span> +<a name="pageli" id="pageli"> </a> +<!-- png 069 --> +fre, and that the said pastor and prechars may be bound to fynd xl. +children at the said grammer scole, giving to every oon of the children +xiid. wekely, to go to commons within the citie at the pleasour of the +frendes, so long to continew as the scolemaster do se them diligent to +lerne. The pastor to appointe viii. every prechar iiii. and the +scolemaster iiii.; the said childre serving in the said churche and +going to scole, to be preferred before strangers; provided always, that +no childe be admitted to thexhibicion of the said churche, whose father +is knowne to be worthe in goodes above ccc<sup>li</sup>., or elles may +dispend above xl<sup>li</sup>. yerly enheritance.” —<i>Ibid.</i>, +p. 10–12.</p> + +<p>“Now £300 at that time was worth about £5,000 now, so that these +schools were <i>designed</i> for the lower ranks of society, and open to +the sons of the poorer gentry.</p> + +<p>“An interesting illustration of this [and of the class-feeling in +education at this time] is supplied,” says Mr Whiston, “by the narrative +of what took place—</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“when the Cathedral Church of Canterbury was altered from monks to +secular men of the clergy, viz.: prebendaries or canons, petty-canons, +choristers and scholars. At this erection were present, Thomas Cranmer, +archbishop, with divers other commissioners. And nominating and electing +such convenient and fit persons as should serve for the furniture of the +said Cathedral church according to the new foundation, it came to pass +that, when they should elect the children of the Grammar school, there +were of the commissioners more than one or two who would have none +admitted but sons or younger brethren of gentlemen. As for other, +husbandmen’s children, they were more meet, they said, for the plough, +and to be artificers, than to occupy the place of the learned sort; so +that they wished none else to be put to school, but only gentlemen’s +children. +<span class="headnote"> +POOR MEN’S SONS HAVE HEADS AS WELL AS RICH ONES’.</span> +Whereunto the most reverend father, the Archbishop, being of a contrary +mind, said, ‘That he thought it not indifferent so to order the matter; +for,’ said he, ‘poor men’s children are many times endued with more +singular gifts of nature, which are also the gifts of God, as, with +eloquence, memory, apt pronunciation, sobriety, and such like; and also +commonly more apt to apply their study, than is the gentleman’s son, +delicately educated.’ Hereunto it was on the other part replied, ‘that +it was meet for the ploughman’s son to go to plough, and the artificer’s +son to apply the trade of his parent’s vocation; and the gentleman’s +children are meet to have the knowledge of government and rule in the +commonwealth. For we have,’ said they, ‘as much need of ploughmen as any +other state; and all sorts of men may not go to school.’ ‘I grant,’ +replied the Archbishop, ‘much of your meaning herein as needful in a +commonwealth; but yet utterly to exclude the ploughman’s son and the +poor man’s son from the benefits of learning, as though they were +unworthy to have +<span class="pagenum">lii</span> +<a name="pagelii" id="pagelii"> </a> +<!-- png 070 --> +the gifts of the Holy Ghost bestowed upon them as well as upon others, +is as much to say, as that Almighty God should not be at liberty to +bestow his great gifts of grace upon any person, nor nowhere else but as +we and other men shall appoint them to be employed, according to our +fancy, and not according to his most goodly will and pleasure, who +giveth his gifts both of learning, and other perfections in all +sciences, unto all kinds and states of people indifferently. Even so +doth he many times withdraw from them and their posterity again those +beneficial gifts, if they be not thankful. If we should shut up into a +strait corner the bountiful grace of the Holy Ghost, and thereupon +attempt to build our fancies, we should make as perfect a work thereof +as those that took upon them to build the Tower of Babel; for God would +so provide that the offspring of our first-born children should +peradventure become most unapt to learn, and very dolts, as I myself +have seen no small number of them very dull and without all manner of +capacity. And to say the truth, I take it, that none of us all +here, being gentlemen born (as I think), but had our beginning that way +from a low and base parentage; and through the benefit of learning, and +other civil knowledge, for the most part all gentlemen ascend to their +estate.’ Then it was again answered, that the most part of the nobility +came up by feats of arms and martial acts. ‘As though,’ said the +Archbishop, ‘that the noble captain was always unfurnished of good +learning and knowledge to persuade and dissuade his army rhetorically; +who rather that way is brought unto authority than else his manly looks. +To conclude; the poor man’s son by pains-taking will for the most part +be learned when the gentleman’s son will not take the pains to get it. +And we are taught by the Scriptures that Almighty God raiseth up from +the dunghill, and setteth him in high authority. And whensoever it +pleaseth him, of his divine providence, he deposeth princes unto a right +humble and poor estate. Wherefore, if the gentleman’s son be apt to +learning, let him be admitted; if not apt, let the poor man’s child that +is apt enter his room.’ With words to the like effect.”</p> + +<p class="right"> +<span class="smallcaps">R. Whiston</span>, <i>Cathedral Trusts</i>, +p. 12-14.</p> + +<p>The scandalous way in which the choristers and poor boys were done +out of their proportion of the endowments by the Cathedral clergy, is to +be seen in Mr Whiston’s little book.</p> + +<p class="space"> +<a name="pref_educ6" id="pref_educ6">6.</a> +<i>Endowed Grammar Schools.</i> These were mainly founded for citizens’ +and townsmen’s children. Winchester (founded 1373) was probably the only +one that did anything before 1450 for the education of our gentry. Eton +was not founded till 1440. The following <a name="schools" id="schools">list of endowed schools</a> founded before 1545, compiled for +me by +<span class="pagenum">liii</span> +<a name="pageliii" id="pageliii"> </a> +<!-- png 071 --> +Mr Brock from Carlisle’s <i>Concise Description</i>, shows the dates of +all known to him.</p> + +<table class="list" summary="public schools"> +<tr class="space"> +<td class="center" colspan="2">BEFORE 1450 A.D.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td width="50%"> +<p>bef. 1162 Derby. Free School.</p> +<p>1195 St Alban’s. Free Grammar School.</p> +<p>1198 St Edmund’s, Bury. Fr. Sch.</p> +<p>1328 Thetford. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>? 1327 Northallerton. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1332 Exeter. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1343 Exeter. High School.</p> +<p>bef. 1347 Melton Mowbray. Schools.</p> +<p>1373 Winchester College.</p> +<p>1384 Hereford. Gr. Sch.</p> +</td> +<td class="leftline"> +<p>1385 Wotton-under-Edge. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1395 or 1340 Penrith. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1399-1413 (Hen. IV.) Oswestry. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1418 Sevenoaks. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1422 Higham Ferrers. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1422-61 (Hen. VI.) Ewelme. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1440 Eton College.</p> +<p>1447 London. Mercers’ School, but founded earlier.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="space"> +<td class="center" colspan="2">SCHOOLS FOUNDED 1450–1545 +A.D.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>1461-83 (Edw. IV.) Chichester. The Prebendal School.</p> +<p>bef. 1477 Ipswich.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_72" id="pref_gen_tag_72" href="#pref_gen_note_72">72</a> Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1484 Wainfleet. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1485-1509 (Hen. VII.) or before. Kibroorth, near Market Harborough. +Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>bef. 1486 Reading. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1486 Kingston upon Hull. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1487 Stockport. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1487 Chipping Campden. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1491 Sudbury. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>bef. 1495 Lancaster. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1497 Wimborne Minster. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>time of Hen. VII., 1485-1509 King’s Lynn. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1502-52 Macclesfield. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1503 Bridgenorth. Fr. Sch.</p> +<p>1506 Brough <i>or</i> Burgh <i>under</i> Stainmore. Fr. Sch.</p> +<p>1507 Enfield. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1507 Farnworth, in Widnes, near Prescot. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>ab. 1508 Cirencester. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1509 Guildford. Royal Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>t. Hen. VIII. 1509-47 Peterborough. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>t. Hen. VIII. 1509-47 Basingstoke. Gr Sch.</p> +<p>t. Hen. VIII. 1509-47 Plymouth. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>t. Hen. VIII. 1509-47 Warwick. College or Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>t. Hen. VIII. 1509-47 Earl’s Colne, near Halsted. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>t. Hen. VIII. 1509-47 Carlisle. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1512 Southover and Lewes. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1513 Nottingham. Fr. Sch.</p> +<p>1515 Wolverhampton. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1517 Aylesham. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1512-18 London.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_73" id="pref_gen_tag_73" href="#pref_gen_note_73">73</a> St Paul’s Sch.</p> +<span class="pagenum">liv</span> +<a name="pageliv" id="pageliv"> </a> +<!-- png 072 --> +<p>1520 Bruton or Brewton. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>ab. 1520 Rolleston, nr. Burton-upon-Trent. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +</td> +<td class="leftline"> +<p>bef. 1521 Tenterden. Fr. Sch.</p> +<p>1521 Milton Abbas, near Blandford. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1522 Taunton. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1522 Biddenden, near Cranbrook. Free Latin Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>bef. 1524-5 Manchester. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1524 Berkhampstead. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1526 Pocklington. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1526 Childrey, near Wantage. Fr. Sch.</p> +<p>bef. 1528 Cuckfield. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p>00 +<p>1528 Gloucester. Saint Mary de Crypt. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1528 Grantham. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1530 Stamford, or Stanford. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1530 Newark-upon-Trent. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>bef. Reform. Norwich. Old Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>t. Ref. Loughborough. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1532 Horsham. Fr. Sch.</p> +<p>1533 Bristol. City Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>ab. 1533 Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Royal Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>ab. 1535 Stoke, near Clare. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1541 Brecknock. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1541 Ely. Fr. Sch.</p> +<p>1541 Durham. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1541-2 Worcester. The King’s [t.i. Cathedral Grammar] or College +School.</p> +<p>1542 Canterbury. The King’s School.</p> +<p>1542 Rochester. The King’s Sch.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_74" id="pref_gen_tag_74" href="#pref_gen_note_74">74</a></p> +<p>1542 Findon, properly Thingdon, near Wellingborough. Fr. Sch.</p> +<p>1542 Northampton. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1543 Abergavenny. Fr. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>1544 Chester. [Cathedral] Gr., or King’s School.</p> +<p>1544 Sutton Coldfield. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>bef. 1545 Gloucester. Cathedral [t.i. King’s], or College School.</p> +<p>1545 St Mary of Ottery. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>bef. 1547 Wisbech. Gr. Sch.</p> +<p>bef. 1549 Wellington. Gr. Sch.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>About 1174 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, Fitzstephen speaks +of the London schools and scholars thus:—I use Pegge’s +translation, 1772, to which Mr Chappell referred me,—</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“The three principal churches in London<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_75" id="pref_gen_tag_75" href="#pref_gen_note_75">75</a> are privileged by grant and ancient usage +with schools, and they are all very flourishing. Often indeed through +the favour and countenance of persons eminent in philosophy, more +schools are permitted. On festivals, at those churches where the Feast +of the Patron Saint is solemnized, the masters convene their scholars. +The youth, on that occasion, dispute, some in the demonstrative way, and +some logically. These produce their enthymemes, and those the more +perfect syllogisms. Some, the better to shew their parts, are exercised +in disputation, contending with one another, whilst others are put upon +establishing some truth by way of illustration. Some sophists endeavour +to apply, on feigned topics, a vast heap and flow of words, others +to impose upon you with +<span class="pagenum">lv</span> +<a name="pagelv" id="pagelv"> </a> +<!-- png 073 --> +false conclusions. As to the orators, some with their rhetorical +harangues employ all the powers of persuasion, taking care to observe +the precepts of art, and to omit nothing opposite to the subject. The +boys of different schools wrangle with one another in verse; contending +about the principles of Grammar, or the rules of the Perfect Tenses and +Supines. Others there are, who in Epigrams, or other compositions in +numbers, use all that low ribaldry we read of in the Ancients; attacking +their school-masters, but without mentioning names, with the old +Fescennine licentiousness, and discharging their scoffs and sarcasms +against them; touching the foibles of their school-fellows, or perhaps +of greater personages, with true Socratic wit, or biting them more +keenly with a Theonine tooth: The audience, fully disposed to laugh,</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>‘With curling nose ingeminate the peals.’”</p> +</div> + +<p>Of the sports of the boys, Fitzstephen gives a long description. On +Shrove-Tuesday, each boy brought his fighting cock to his master, and +they had a cock-fight all morning in the school-room.<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_76" id="pref_gen_tag_76" href="#pref_gen_note_76">76</a> After dinner, football in the fields of the +suburbs, probably Smithfield. Every Sunday in Lent they had a +sham-fight, some on horseback, some on foot, the King and his Court +often looking on. At Easter they played at the Water-Quintain, charging +a target, which if they missed, souse they went into the water. ‘On +holidays in summer the pastime of the youths is to exercise themselves +in archery, in running, leaping, wrestling, casting of stones, and +flinging to certain distances, and lastly with bucklers.’ At moonrise +the maidens danced. In the winter holidays, the boys saw boar-fights, +hog-fights, bull and bear-baiting, and when ice came they slid, and +skated on the leg-bones of some animal, punting themselves along with an +iron-shod pole, and charging one another. A set of merry scenes +indeed.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“In general, we are assured by the most learned man of the thirteenth +century, Roger Bacon, that there never had been so great an appearance +of learning, and so general an application to study, in so many +different faculties, as in his time, when schools were erected in every +city, town, burgh, and castle.” (Henry’s Hist. of England, vol. iv. +p. 472-3.)</p> + +<p>In the twenty-fifth year of Henry VI., 1447, four Grammar schools +were appointed to be opened in London<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_77" id="pref_gen_tag_77" href="#pref_gen_note_77">77</a> for the education of +<span class="pagenum">lvi</span> +<a name="pagelvi" id="pagelvi"> </a> +<!-- png 074 --> +the City youth (<i>Carlisle</i>). But from the above lists it will be +seen that Grammar Schools had not much to do with the education of our +nobility and gentry before 1450 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span></p> + +<p class="headnote"> +AN ETON BOY IN A.D. 1478.</p> + +<p>Of Eton studies, the Paston Letters notice only Latin versifying, but +they show us a young man supposed to be nineteen, still at school, +having a smart pair of breeches for holy days, falling in love, eating +figs and raisins, proposing to come up to London for a day or two’s +holiday or lark to his elder brother’s, and having 8<i>d.</i> sent him +in a letter to buy a pair of slippers with. William Paston, +a younger brother of John’s, when about nineteen years old, and +studying at Eton, writes on Nov. 7, 1478, to thank his brother for a +noble in gold, and says,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“my creanser (creditor) Master Thomas (Stevenson) heartily recommendeth +him to you, and he prayeth you to send him some money for my commons, +for he saith ye be twenty shillings in his debt, for a month was to pay +for when he had money last; also I beseech you to send me a hose cloth, +one for the holy days of some colour, and another for working days (how +coarse soever it be, it maketh no matter), and a stomacher and two +shirts, and a pair of slippers: and if it like you that I may come with +Alweder by water”—would they take a pair-oar and pull down? (the +figs and raisins came up by a barge;)—“and sport me with you at +London a day or two this term-time, then ye may let all this be till the +time that I come, and then I will tell you when I shall be ready to come +from Eton by the grace of God, who have you in his keeping.” <i>Paston +Letters</i>, modernised, vol. 2, p. 129.</p> + +<p>This is the first letter; the second one about the figs, raisins, and +love-making (dated 23 Feb. 1478-9) is given at vol. ii. +p. 122-3.</p> + +<p>Tusser, who was seized as a Singing boy for the King’s Chapel, lets +us know that he got well birched at Eton.</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>“From Paul’s I went · to Eton sent</p> +<p>To learn straightways · the Latin phrase</p> +<p>When fifty-three · stripes given to me</p> +<p class="in2">At once I had:</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lvii</span> +<a name="pagelvii" id="pagelvii"> </a> +<!-- png 075 --> + +<p class="stanza"> +For fault but small · or none at all</p> +<p>It come to pass · thus beat I was.</p> +<p>See, Udall,<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_78" id="pref_gen_tag_78" href="#pref_gen_note_78">78</a> see · the mercy of +thee</p> +<p class="in2">To me poor lad!”</p> +</div> + +<p>I was rather surprised to find no mention of any Eton men in the +first vol. of Wood’s <i>Athenæ Oxonienses</i> (ed. Bliss) except two, +who had first taken degrees at Cambridge, Robert Aldrich and William +Alley, the latter admitted at Cambridge 1528 (Wood, p. 375, +col. 2). Plenty of London men are named in Wood, vol. 1. No +doubt in early times the Eton men went to their own foundation, King’s +(or other Colleges at) Cambridge, while the Winchester men went to their +foundation, New College, or elsewhere at Oxford. In the first volume of +Bliss’s edition of Wood, the following Winchester men are noticed:</p> + +<div class="hanging"> +<p>p. 30, col. 2, William Grocyn, educated in grammaticals in Wykeham’s +school near Winchester.</p> + +<p>p. 78, col. 2, William Horman, made fellow of New Coll. in 1477. +Author of the <i>Vulgaria Puerorum</i>, &c. (See also Andrew Borde, +<a href="#pref_gen_note_48">p. xxxiv, above, note</a>.)</p> + +<p>p. 379, col. 2, John Boxall, Fellow of New Coll. +1542.</p> + +<p> 402, col. 2, Thomas Hardyng<span class="gap1">„ „ +„</span>1536.</p> + +<p> 450, col. 2, Henry Cole<span class="gap1"> „ „ +„</span>1523.</p> + +<p> 469, col. 1, Nicholas Saunders „<span class="gap1"> „ „</span>1548.</p> + +<p> 678, col. 2, Richard Haydock<span class="gap1">„ „ +„</span>1590. +</div> + +<p class="headnote"> +POST-REFORMATION GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.</p> + +<p>That the post-Reformation Grammar Schools did not at first educate as +many boys as the old monastic schools is well known. Strype says,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“On the 15th of January, 1562, Thomas Williams, of the Inner Temple, +esq. being chosen speaker to the lower house, was presented to the +queen: and in his speech to her ... took notice of the want of schools; +that at least an hundred were wanting in England which before this time +had been, [being destroyed (I suppose he meant) by the dissolution +of monasteries and religious houses, fraternities and colleges.] He +would have had England continually flourishing with ten thousand +scholars, which the schools in this nation formerly brought up. That +from the want of these good schoolmasters sprang up ignorance: and +covetousness got the livings by impropriations; which was a decay, he +said, of learning, and by it the tree of knowledge +<span class="pagenum">lviii</span> +<a name="pagelviii" id="pagelviii"> </a> +<!-- png 076 --> +grew downward, not upward; which grew greatly to the dishonour, both of +God and the commonwealth. He mentioned likewise the decay of the +universities; and how that great market-towns were without schools or +preachers: and that the poor vicar had but 20<i>l.</i> [or some such +poor allowance,] and the rest, being no small sum, was impropriated. And +so thereby, no preacher there; but the people, being trained up and led +in blindness for want of instruction, became obstinate: and therefore +advised that this should be seen to, and impropriations redressed, +notwithstanding the laws already made [which favoured +them].—Strype, <i>Annals of the Reformation</i>, vol. i. +p. 437.</p> + +<p>Of the Grammar Schools in his time (<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1577) Harrison says:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Besides these universities, also there are a great number of Grammer +Schooles throughout the realme, and those verie liberallie endued for +the better relief of pore scholers, so that there are not manie +corporate townes, now under the queene’s dominion that have not one +Gramer Schole at the least, with a sufficient living for a master and +usher appointed to the same.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +There are in like manner divers collegiat churches, as Windsor, +Wincester, Eaton, Westminster (in which I was sometime an unprofitable +Grammarian under the reverend father, master Nowell, now dean of Paules) +and in those a great number of pore scholers, dailie maintained by the +liberality of the founders, with meat, bookes, and apparell; from whence +after they have been well entered in the knowledge of the Latine and +Greek tongs, and rules of versifying (the triall whereof is made by +certain apposers, yearlie appointed to examine them), they are sent to +certain especiall houses in each universitie<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_79" id="pref_gen_tag_79" href="#pref_gen_note_79">79</a>, where they are received & trained up in +the points of higher knowledge in their privat halls till they be +adjudged meet to show their faces in the schooles, as I have said +alreadie.</p> + +<p>Greek was first taught at a public school in England by Lillye soon +after the year 1500. This was at St Paul’s School in London, then newly +established by Dean Colet, and to which Erasmus alluded as the best of +its time in 1514, when he said that he had in three years taught a youth +more Latin than he could have acquired in any school in England, <i>ne +Liliana quidem excepta</i>, not even Lillye’s excepted. (Warton, +iii. 1.) The first schoolmaster who stood up for the study of +English was, I believe, Richard Mulcaster, of King’s College, +Cambridge, and Christ Church, Oxford. In 1561 he was appointed the first +head-master of Merchant-Taylors School in London, then just founded as a +feeder or pro-seminary for St John’s +<span class="pagenum">lix</span> +<a name="pagelix" id="pagelix"> </a> +<!-- png 077 --> +College, Oxford (<i>Warton</i>, iii. 282). In his Elementarie, 1582, he +has a long passage on the study of English, the whole of which I print +here, at Mr Quick’s desire, as it has slipt out of people’s minds, and +Mulcaster deserves honour for it:—</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +STUDY OF ENGLISH RECOMMENDED IN 1582-1612.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“But bycause I take vpon me in this Elementarie, besides som frindship +to secretaries for the pen, and to correctors for the print, to direct +such peple as teach childern to read and write English, and the +<i>reading</i> must nedes be such as the writing leads vnto, thererfor, +(<i>sic</i>) befor I medle with anie particular precept, to direct the +Reader, I will thoroughlie rip vp the hole certaintie of our +English writing, so far furth and with such assurance, as probabilitie +can make me, bycause it is a thing both proper to my argument, and +profitable to my cuntrie. For our naturall tung being as beneficiall +vnto vs for our nedefull deliuerie, as anie other is to the peple which +vse it: & hauing as pretie, and as fair obseruations in it, as anie +other hath: and being as readie to yield to anie rule of Art, as anie +other is: why should I not take som pains to find out the right writing +of ours, as other cuntrimen haue don to find the like in theirs? & +so much the rather, bycause it is pretended, that the writing thereof is +meruellous vncertain, and scant to be recouered from extreme confusion, +without som change of as great extremitie? I mean therefor so to +deall in it, as I maie wipe awaie that opinio<i>n</i> of either +vncertaintie for co<i>n</i>fusion, or impossibilitie for +directio<i>n</i>, that both the naturall English maie haue wherein to +rest, & the desirous st[r]anger maie haue whereby to learn. For the +performa<i>n</i>ce whereof, and mine own better direction, I will +first examin those means, whereby other tungs of most sacred antiquitie +haue bene brought to Art and form of discipline for their right writing, +to the end that by following their waie, I maie hit vpo<i>n</i> +their right, and at the least by their president deuise the like to +theirs, where the vse of our tung, & the propertie of our dialect +will not yeild flat to theirs. That don, I will set all the +varietie of our now writing, & the vncertaine force of all our +letters, in as much certaintie, as anie writing ca<i>n</i> be, by these +sene<i>n</i> precepts,— 1. <i>Generall rule</i>, which +concerneth the propertie and vse of ech letter: +2. <i>Proportion</i> which reduceth all words of one sou<i>n</i>d +to the same writing: 3. <i>Composition</i>, which teacheth how to +write one word made of mo: 4. <i>Deriuation</i>, which examineth +the ofspring of euerie originall: 5. <i>Distinction</i> which +bewraieth the difference of sound and force in letters by som writen +figure or accent: 6. <i>Enfranchisment</i>, which directeth the +right writing of all incorporat foren words: 7. <i>Prerogatiue</i>, +which declareth a reseruation, wherein common vse will continew hir +precèdence in our En[g]lish writing, as she hath don euerie where else, +both for the form of the letter, in som places, which likes the pen +better: and for the difference in writing, where som particular caueat +will chek a common rule. In all these seuen I will so examin the +particularities of our tung, as either nothing shall +<span class="pagenum">lx</span> +<a name="pagelx" id="pagelx"> </a> +<!-- png 078 --> +seme strange at all, or if anie thing do seme, yet it shall not seme so +strange, but that either the self same, or the verie like vnto it, or +the more strange then it is, shal appear to be in, those things, which +ar more familiar vnto vs for extraordinarie learning, then required of +vs for our ordinarie vse. And forasmuch as the eie will help manie to +write right by a sene president, which either cannot vnderstand, or +cannot entend to vnderstand the reason of a rule, therefor in the end of +this treatis for right writing, I purpos to set down a generall +table of most English words, by waie of president, to help such plane +peple, as cannot entend the vnderstanding of a rule, which requireth +both time and conceit in perceiuing, but can easilie run to a generall +table, which is readier to their hand. By the which table I shall also +confirm the right of my rules, that theie hold thoroughout, & by +multitude of exa<i>m</i>ples help som maim (<i>so</i>) in precepts. Thus +much for the right writing of our English tung, which maie seme +(<i>so</i>) for a preface to the principle of <i>Reading</i>, as the +matter of the one is the maker of the other.—1582. +Rich<sup>d</sup>. Mulcaster. The First Part of the Elementarie, +pp. 53-4.</p> + +<p>Brinsley follows Mulcaster in exhorting to the study of English:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“there seemes vnto mee, to bee a verie maine want in all our Grammar +schooles generally, or in the most of them; whereof I haue heard som +great learned men to complain; That there is no care had in respect, to +traine vp schollars so as they may be able to expresse their minds +purely and readily in our owne tongue, and to increase in the practice +of it, as well as in the Latine or Greeke; whereas our chiefe indeuour +should bee for it, and that for these reasons. 1. Because that +language which all sorts and conditions of men amongst vs are to haue +most vse of, both in speech & writing, is our owne natiue tongue. +2. The purity and elegancie of our owne language is to be esteemed +a chiefe part of the honour of our nation: which we all ought to aduance +as much as in vs lieth. As when Greece and Rome and other nations haue +most florished, their languages also haue beene most pure: and from +those times of Greece & Rome, wee fetch our chiefest patterns, for +the learning of their tongues. 3. Because of those which are for a +time trained vp in schooles, there are very fewe which proceede in +learning, in comparison of them that follow other callings.</p> + +<p class="right"> +John Brinsley, <i>The Grammar Schoole</i>, p. 21, 22.</p> + +<p>His “Meanes to obtaine this benefit of increasing in our English +tong, as in the Latin,” are</p> + +<p class="inset"> +1. Daily vse of Lillies rules construed.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +2. Continuall practice of English Grammaticall translations.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +3. Translating and writing English, with some other Schoole +exercises.</p> + +<p class="right"> +<i>Ibid.</i>, side-notes, p. 22, 23.</p> + +<p>On this question of English boys studying English, let it be +remembered that in this year of grace 1867, in all England there is +<span class="pagenum">lxi</span> +<a name="pagelxi" id="pagelxi"> </a> +<!-- png 079 --> +just one public school at which English is studied +historically—the City of London School—and that in this +school it was begun only last year by the new Head-Master, the Rev. +Edwin A. Abbot, all honour to him. In every class an English textbook is +read, <i>Piers Plowman</i> being that for the highest class. This +neglect of English as a subject of study is due no doubt to tutors’ and +parents’ ignorance. None of them know the language historically; the +former can’t teach it, the latter don’t care about it; why should their +boys learn it? Oh tutors and parents, there are such things as asses in +the world.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +A GRAMMAR-SCHOOL BOY’S DAY IN A.D. 1612.</p> + +<p>Of the school-life of a Grammar-school boy in 1612 we may get a +notion from Brinsley’s p. 296, “chap. xxx. Of Schoole times, +intermissions and recreations,” which is full of interest. ‘1. The +Schoole-time should beginne at sixe: all who write Latine to make their +exercises which were giuen ouernight, in that houre before +seuen’.—To make boys punctual, ‘so many of them as are there at +sixe, to haue their places as they had them by election<a class="tag" +name="pref_gen_tag_80" id="pref_gen_tag_80" href="#pref_gen_note_80">80</a> or the day before: all who come after six, +euery one to sit as he commeth, and so to continue that day, and vntill +he recouer his place againe by the election of the fourme or +otherwise.... If any cannot be brought by this, them to be noted in the +blacke Bill by a speciall marke, and feele the punishment thereof: and +sometimes present correction to be vsed for terrour.... Thus they are to +continue vntill nine [at work in class], signified by Monitours, +Subdoctour or otherwise. Then at nine ... to let them to haue a quarter +of an houre at least, or more, for intermission, eyther for breakefast +... or else for the necessitie of euery one, or their honest recreation, +or to prepare their exercises against the Masters comming in. [2.] +After, each of them to be in his place in an instant, vpon the knocking +of the dore or some other sign ... so to continue vntill eleuen of the +clocke, or somwhat after, to counteruaile the time of the intermission +at nine.</p> + +<p>(3.) To be againe all ready, and in their places at one, in an +instant; to continue vntill three, or halfe an houre after: then to haue +another quarter of an houre or more, as at nine for drinking and +necessities; so to continue till halfe an houre after fiue: thereby in +<span class="pagenum">lxii</span> +<a name="pagelxii" id="pagelxii"> </a> +<!-- png 080 --> +that halfe houre to counteruaile the time at three; then to end so as +was shewed, with reading a peece of a Chapter, and with singing two +staues of a Psalme: lastly with prayer to be vsed by the Master.’</p> + +<p>To the objectors to these intermissions at nine and three, who may +reproach the schoole, thinking that they do nothing but play, Brinsley +answers,— ‘2. By this meanes also the Schollars may bee kept euer +in their places, and hard to their labours, without that running out to +the Campo (as the[y] tearme it) at school times, and the manifolde +disorders thereof; as watching and striuing for the clubbe,<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_81" id="pref_gen_tag_81" href="#pref_gen_note_81">81</a> and loytering then in the fields; some +hindred that they cannot go forth at all. (5.) it is very requisite +also, that they should have weekly one part of an afternoone for +recreation, as a reward of their diligence, obedience and profiting; and +that to be appointed at the Masters discretion, eyther the Thursday, +after the vsuall custom; or according to the best opportunity of the +place.... All recreations and sports of schollars, would be meet for +Gentlemen. Clownish sports, or perilous, or yet playing for money, are +no way to be admitted.’</p> + +<p>On the age at which boys went to school, Brinsley says, p. 9,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“For the time of their entrance with vs, in our countrey schooles, it is +commonly about 7. or 8. yeares olde: six is very soone. If any begin so +early, they are rather sent to the schoole to keepe them from troubling +the house at home, and from danger, and shrewd turnes, then for any +great hope and desire their friends haue that they should learne +anything in effect.”</p> + +<p class="headnote section"> +THE GOOD OLD TIMES OF SMOKE AND FILTH.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_dirt" id="pref_gen_dirt">To return from this +digression on Education.</a> Enough has been said to show that the +progress of Education, in our sense of the word, was rather from below +upwards, than from above downwards; and I conclude that the young people +to whom the <i>Babees Boke</i>, &c., were addressed, were the +children of our nobility, knights, and squires, and that the state of +their manners, as left by their home training, was such as to need the +inculcation on them of the precepts contained in the Poems. If so, +dirty, ill-mannered, awkward young gawks, must most of these +hopes-of-England have been, to modern notions. The directions for +personal cleanliness must have been much needed when one considers the +small stock of linen and clothes that men not +<span class="pagenum">lxiii</span> +<a name="pagelxiii" id="pagelxiii"> </a> +<!-- png 081 --> +rich must have had; and if we may judge from a <ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘passaeg’">passage</ins> in Edward the Fourth’s +<i>Liber Niger</i>, even the King himself did not use his footpan every +Saturday night, and would not have been the worse for an occasional +tubbing:—</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“This barbour shall have, every satyrday at nyght, <i>if</i> it please +the Kinge to cleanse his head, legges, or feet, and for his shaving, two +loves, one picher wyne. And the ussher of chambre ought to testyfye if +this is necessaryly dispended or not.”</p> + +<p>So far as appears from Edward the Fourth’s <i>Liber Niger Domus</i>, +soap was used only for washing clothes. The yeoman lavender, or +washerman, was to take from the Great Spicery ‘as muche whyte soape, +greye, and blacke, as can be thought resonable by proufe of the +Countrollers,’ and therewith ‘tenderly to waysshe ... the stuffe for the +Kinges propyr persone’ (<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 85); but whether that +cleansing material ever touched His Majesty’s sacred person (except +doubtless when and if the barber shaved him), does not appear. The +Ordinances are considerate as to sex, and provide for “weomen +lavendryes” for a Queen, and further that “these officers oughte to bee +sworne to keepe the chambre counsaylle.” But it is not for one of a +nation that has not yet taken generally to tubbing and baths, or left +off shaving, to reproach his forefathers with want of cleanliness, or +adherence to customs that involve contradiction of the teachings of +physiologists, and the evident intent of Nature or the Creator. +Moreover, reflections on the good deeds done, and the high thoughts +thought, by men of old dirtier than some now, may prevent us concluding +that because other people now talk through their noses, and have manners +different from our own, they and their institutions must be wholly +abominable; that because others smell when heated, they ought to be +slaves; or that eating peas with a knife renders men unworthy of the +franchise. The temptation to value manners above morals, and +pleasantness above honesty, is one that all of us have to guard against. +And when we have held to a custom merely because it is old, have refused +to consider fairly the reasons for its change, and are inclined to +grumble when the change is carried out, we shall be none the worse for +thinking of the people, young and old, who, in the time of Harrison and +Shakspere, the “Forgotten Worthies”<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_82" id="pref_gen_tag_82" href="#pref_gen_note_82">82</a> +<span class="pagenum">lxiv</span> +<a name="pagelxiv" id="pagelxiv"> </a> +<!-- png 082 --> +and Raleigh, no doubt ‘hated those nasty new oak houses and chimnies,’ +and sighed for the good old times:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“And yet see the change, for when our houses were builded of willow, +then had we oken men; but now that our houses are come to be made of +oke, our men are not onlie become willow, but a great manie through +Persian delicacie crept in among vs, altogither of straw, which is a +sore alteration.... Now haue we manie chimnies, and yet our tenderlings +complaine of rheumes, catarhs and poses. Then had we none but +reredosses, and our heads did neuer ake.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_83" id="pref_gen_tag_83" href="#pref_gen_note_83">83</a> For as the smoke in those daies was supposed +to be a sufficient hardning for the timber of the house; so it was +reputed a far better medicine to keepe the goodman and his familie from +the quack or pose, wherewith as then verie few were oft acquainted.” +<i>Harrison</i>, i. 212, col. 1, quoted by Ellis.</p> + +<p>If rich men and masters were dirty, poor men and servants must have +been dirtier still. William Langlande’s description of Hawkyn’s one +metaphorical dress in which he slept o’ nightes as well as worked by +day, beslobbered (or by-<i>moled</i>, bemauled) by children, was true of +the real smock; flesh-moths must have been plentiful, and the sketch of +Coveitise, as regards many men, hardly an exaggeration:</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>... as a bonde-man of his bacon · his berd was bi-draveled,</p> +<p>With his hood on his heed · a lousy hat above,</p> +<p>And in a tawny tabard · of twelf wynter age</p> +<p>Al so torn and baudy · and ful of lys crepyng,</p> +<p>But if that a lous<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_84" id="pref_gen_tag_84" href="#pref_gen_note_84">84</a> couthe · han lopen +the bettre,</p> +<span class="pagenum">lxv</span> +<a name="pagelxv" id="pagelxv"> </a> +<!-- png 083 --> +<p>She sholde noght han walked on that welthe · so was it +thred-bare.</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +(<i>Vision</i>, Passus V. vol. 1, l. 2859-70, ed. Wright.)</p> + +<p>In the <i>Kinge and Miller</i>, Percy Folio MS., p. 236 (in vol. ii. +of the print), when the Miller proposes that the stranger should sleep +with their son, Richard the son says to the King,</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>“Nay, first,” q<i>uo</i>th Richard, “good fellowe, tell me true,</p> +<p>hast thou noe creep<i>er</i>s in thy gay hose?</p> +<p>art thou not troabled w<i>i</i>th the Scabbado?”</p> +</div> + +<p>The colour of washerwomen’s legs was due partly to dirt, I suppose. +The princess or queen Clarionas, when escaping with the laundress as her +assistant, is obliged to have her white legs reduced to the customary +shade of grey:</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>Right as she should stoupe a-douñ,</p> +<p>The quene was tukked wel on high;</p> +<p>The lauender p<i>er</i>ceiued wel therbigh</p> +<p>Hir white legges, and seid “ma dame,</p> +<p>Youre shin boones might doo vs blame;</p> +<p>Abide,” she seid, “so mot I thee,</p> +<p>More slotered thei most be.”</p> +<p>Asshes with the water she menged,</p> +<p>And her white legges al be-sprenged.</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +ab. 1440 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, <i>Syr Generides</i>, +p. 218, ll. 7060-8.</p> + +<p class="headnote"> +NAKED SCULLIONS AND DIRTY STREETS.</p> + +<p>If in Henry the Eighth’s kitchen, scullions lay about naked, or +tattered and filthy, what would they do elsewhere? Here is the King’s +Ordinance against them in 1526:</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxvi</span> +<a name="pagelxvi" id="pagelxvi"> </a> +<!-- png 084 --> +<p class="inset"> +“And for the better avoydyng of corruption and all uncleannesse out of +the Kings house, which doth ingender danger of infection, and is very +noisome and displeasant unto all the noblemen and others repaireing unto +the same; it is ordeyned by the Kings Highnesse, that the three master +cookes of the kitchen shall have everie of them by way of reward yearly +twenty marks, to the intent they shall prouide and sufficiently furnish +the said kitchens of such scolyons as shall not goe <i>naked or in +garments of such vilenesse as they now doe, and have been acustomed to +doe, nor lie in the nights and dayes in the kitchens or ground by the +fireside;</i> but that they of the said money may be found with honest +and whole course garments, without such uncleannesse as may be the +annoyance of those by whom they shall passe”...</p> + +<p>That our commonalty, at least, in Henry VIII.’s time did stink (as is +the nature of man to do) may be concluded from Wolsey’s custom, when +going to Westminster Hall, of</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“holding in his hand a very fair orange, whereof the meat or substance +within was taken out, and filled up again with the part of a sponge, +wherein was vinegar, and other confections against the pestilent airs; +the which he most commonly smelt unto, passing among the press, or else +when he was pestered with many suitors.” (<i>Cavendish</i>, +p. 43.)</p> + +<p>On the dirt in English houses and streets we may take the testimony +of a witness who liked England, and lived in it, and who was not likely +to misrepresent its condition,—Erasmus. In a letter to Francis, +the physician of Cardinal Wolsey, says Jortin,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“Erasmus ascribes the plague (from which England was hardly ever free) +and the sweating-sickness, partly to the incommodious form and bad +exposition of the houses, to the filthiness of the streets, and to the +sluttishness within doors. The floors, says he, are commonly of clay, +strewed with rushes, under which lies unmolested an ancient collection +of beer, grease (?), fragments, bones, spittle, excrements [t.i. urine] +of dogs and cats [t.i. men,] and every thing that is nasty, &c.” +(<i>Life of Erasmus</i>, i. 69, ed. 1808, referred to in Ellis, i. 328, +note.)</p> + +<p>The great scholar’s own words are,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Tum sola fere sunt argilla, tum scirpis palustribus, qui subinde sic +renovantur, ut fundamentum maneat aliquoties annos viginti, sub se +fovens sputa, vomitus, mictum canum et hominum, projectam cervisiam, et +piscium reliquias, aliasque sordes non nominandas. Hinc mutato cœlo +vapor quidam exhalatur, mea sententia minime salubris humano +corpori.</p> + +<p>After speaking also <i>De salsamentis</i> (rendered ‘<i>salt +meat</i>, beef, +<span class="pagenum">lxvii</span> +<a name="pagelxvii" id="pagelxvii"> </a> +<!-- png 085 --> +pork, &c.,’ by Jortin, but which <i>Liber Cure Cocorum</i> +authorises us in translating ‘Sauces’<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_85" id="pref_gen_tag_85" href="#pref_gen_note_85">85</a>), <i>quibus vulgus mirum in modum +delectatur</i>, he says the English would be more healthy if their +windows were made so as to shut out noxious winds, and then +continues,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“Conferret huc, si vulgo parcior victus persuaderi posset, ac +salsamentorum moderatior usus. Tum si publica cura demandaretur +Ædilibus, ut viæ mundiores essent a cœno, mictuque: Curarentur et ea quæ +civitati vicina sint. <i>Jortin’s Life of Erasmus</i>, ed. 1808, iii. 44 +(Ep. 432, C. 1815), No. VIII. Erasmus Rot. Francisco. Cardinalis +Eboracencis Medico, S.</p> + +<p>If it be objected that I have in the foregoing extracts shown the +dark side of the picture, and not the bright one, my answer is that the +bright one—of the riches and luxury in England—must be +familiar to all our members, students (as I assume) of our early books, +that the Treatises in this Volume sufficiently show this bright side, +and that to me, as foolometer of the Society, this dark side seemed to +need showing. But as <i>The Chronicle</i> of May 11, 1867, in its review +of Mr Fox Bourne’s <i>English Merchants</i>, seems to think otherwise, +I quote its words, p. 155, col. 2.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“All the nations of the world, says Matthew of Westminster, were kept +warm by the wool of England, made into cloth by the men of Flanders. And +while we gave useful clothing to other countries, we received festive +garments from them in return. For most of our information on these +subjects we are indebted to Matthew Paris, who tells us that when +Alexander III. of Scotland was married to Margaret, daughter of Henry +III., one thousand English knights appeared at the wedding in +<i>cointises</i> of silk, and the next day each knight donned a new robe +of another kind. This grand entertainment was fatal to sixty oxen, and +cost the then Archbishop of York no less a sum than 4000 marks. +Macpherson remarks on this great display of silk as a proof of the +wealth of England under the Norman kings, a point which has not +been sufficiently elaborated. In 1242 the streets of London were covered +or shaded with silk, for the reception of Richard, the King’s brother, +on his return from the Holy Land. Few Englishmen +<span class="pagenum">lxviii</span> +<a name="pagelxviii" id="pagelxviii"> </a> +<!-- png 086 --> +are aware of the existence of such magnificence at that early period; +while every story-book of history gives us the reverse of the picture, +telling us of straw-covered floors, scarcity of body linen, and the +like. Long after this, in 1367, it is recorded, as a special instance of +splendour of costume, that 1000 citizens of Genoa were clothed in silk; +and this tale has been repeated from age to age, while the similar +display, at an earlier date, in England, has passed unnoticed.”</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_poems" id="pref_gen_poems">For a notice of the +several pieces in the present volume</a>, I refer the reader to the +Preface to Russell’s <i>Boke of Nurture</i>, which follows here.</p> + +<p>It only remains for me to say that the freshness of my first interest +in the poems which I once hoped to re-produce in these Forewords, has +become dulled by circumstances and the length of time that the volume +has been in the press—it having been set aside (by my desire) for +the <i>Ayenbite</i>, &c.;—and that the intervention of other +work has prevented my making the collection as complete as I had desired +it to be. It is, however, the fullest verse one that has yet appeared on +its subject, and will serve as the beginning of the Society’s store of +this kind of material.<a class="tag" name="pref_gen_tag_86" id="pref_gen_tag_86" href="#pref_gen_note_86">86</a> If we can do all the +English part of the work, and the Master of the Rolls will commission +one of his Editors to do the Latin part, we shall then get a fairly +complete picture of that Early English Home which, with all its +shortcomings, should be dear to every Englishman now.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +3, <i>St George’s Square, N.W.</i>,<br> +5th <i>June</i>, 1867.</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<h4>General Preface: Footnotes</h4> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<span class="pagenum">i</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_1" id="pref_gen_note_1" href="#pref_gen_tag_1">1.</a> +The first sentence of Aristotle’s <i>Metaphysics</i> is ‘All men by +nature are actuated by the desire of knowledge.’ Mr Skeat’s note on +l. 78 of <i>Partenay</i>, p. 228.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_2" id="pref_gen_note_2" href="#pref_gen_tag_2">2.</a> +Lawrens Andrewe. <i>The noble lyfe & natures of man, of bestes</i>, +&c. Johñes Desborrowe. Andewarpe.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_3" id="pref_gen_note_3" href="#pref_gen_tag_3">3.</a> +The woodcuts are Messrs Virtue’s, and have been used in Mr Thomas +Wright’s <i>History of Domestic Manners and Customs</i>, &c.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_4" id="pref_gen_note_4" href="#pref_gen_tag_4">4.</a> +If any one thinks it a bore to read these Prefaces, I can assure +him it was a much greater bore to have to hunt up the material for them, +and set aside other pressing business for it. But the Boke of Curtasye +binding on editors does not allow them to present to their readers a +text with no coat and trowsers on. If any Members should take offence at +any expressions in this or any future Preface of mine, as a few did at +some words in the last I wrote, I ask such Members to consider the +first maxim in their Boke of Curtasye, <i>Don’t look a gift horse in the +mouth</i>. Prefaces are gift horses; and if mine buck or shy now and +then, I ask their riders to sit steady, and take it easy. On the +present one at least they’ll be carried across some fresh country worth +seeing.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">ii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_5" id="pref_gen_note_5" href="#pref_gen_tag_5">5.</a> +scholars?</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_6" id="pref_gen_note_6" href="#pref_gen_tag_6">6.</a> +Sir H. Nicolas, in his Glossary to his <i>Privy Purse Expenses of Henry +VIII.</i>, p. 327, col. 2, says, “No word has been more commented +upon than ‘Henchmen’ or Henxmen. Without entering into the controversy, +it may be sufficient to state, that in the reign of Henry the Eighth it +meant the pages of honour. They were the sons of gentlemen, and in +public processions always walked near the monarch’s horse: +a correct idea may be formed of their appearance from the +representation of them in one of the pictures in the meeting room of the +Society of Antiquarians. It seems from these entries (p. 79,* 125, +182, 209, 230, 265) +<span class="pagenum">iii</span> +that they lodged in the house of Johnson, the master of the king’s +barge, and that the rent of it was 40<i>s</i>. per annum. Observations +on the word will be found in Spelman’s <i>Etymol.</i>, Pegge’s +<i>Curialia</i>, from the Liber Niger, Edw. IV., Lodge’s +<i>Illustrations</i>, vol. i. p. 359, the <i>Northumberland +Household Book</i>, Blount’s <i>Glossary</i>.”</p> + +<p>The <i>Promptorium</i> has “Heyncemann (henchemanne) <i>Gerolocista, +duorum generum, (gerolocista)</i>,” and Mr Way in his note says, “The +pages of distinguished personages were called henxmen, as Spelman +supposes, from Ger. <i>hengst</i>, a war-horse, or according to Bp. +Percy, from their place being at the side or <i>haunch</i> of their +lord.” See the rest of Mr Way’s note. He is a most provokingly careful +editor. If ever you hit on a plum in your wanderings through other books +you are sure to find it afterwards in one of Mr Way’s notes when you +bethink yourself of turning to the Promptorium.</p> + +<p>In Lord Percy’s Household (<i>North. H. Book</i>, p. 362) the +Henchemen are mentioned next to the Earl’s own sons and their tutor (?) +in the list of “Persones that shall attende upon my Lorde at his Borde +Daily, ande have no more but his Revercion Except Brede and Drynk.”</p> + +<p>My Lordes Secounde Son to serve as Kerver.</p> + +<p>My Lordes Thurde Son as Sewer.</p> + +<p>A Gentillman that shall attende upon my Lord’s Eldest Son in the +rewarde, and appoynted Bicause he shall allwayes be with my Lord’s +Sonnes for seynge the Orderynge of them.</p> + +<p>My Lordes first <i>Hauneshman</i> to serve as Cupberer to my +Lorde.</p> + +<p>My Lords ij<sup>de</sup> <i>Hanshman</i> to serve as Cupberer to my +Lady.</p> + +<p>See also p. 300, p. 254, The <i>Hansmen</i> to be at the +fyndynge of my Lord, p. 47</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +* p. 79, It<i>e</i>m the same daye paied to Johnson the mayster of the +king<i>is</i> barge for the Rent of the house where the henxe men lye +xl s.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">iv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_6a" id="pref_gen_note_6a" href="#pref_gen_tag_6a">6a.</a> +‘Your Bele Babees are very like the <i>Meninos</i> of the Court of +Spain, & <i>Menins</i> of that of France, young nobles brought up +with the young Princes.’ H. Reeve. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_iv">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_7" id="pref_gen_note_7" href="#pref_gen_tag_7">7.</a> +When writing this I had forgotten Warton’s section on the Revival of +Learning in England before and at the Reformation, <i>Hist. English +Poetry</i>, v. iii. ed. 1840. It should be read by all who take an +interest in the subject. Mr Bruce also refers to Kynaston’s <i>Museum +Minervæ</i>. P.S.—Mr Bullein and Mr Watts have since referred me +to Henry, who has in each volume of his <i>History of England</i> a +regular account of learning in England, the Colleges and Schools +founded, and the learned men who flourished, in the period of which each +volume treats. Had I seen these earlier I should not have got the +following extracts together; but as they are for the most part not in +Henry, they will serve as a supplement to him.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_8" id="pref_gen_note_8" href="#pref_gen_tag_8">8.</a> +First of these is Mr Charles H. Pearson, then the Rev. Prof. Brewer, and +Mr William Chappell.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">v</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_9" id="pref_gen_note_9" href="#pref_gen_tag_9">9.</a> +Mr Wm. Chappell gave me the reference.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_10" id="pref_gen_note_10" href="#pref_gen_tag_10">10.</a> +In the Romance of Blonde of Oxford, Jean of Dammartin is taken into the +service of the Earl of Oxford as <i>escuier</i>, esquire. He waits at +table on knights, squires, valets, boys and messengers. After table, the +ladies keep him to talk French with them.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_10a" id="pref_gen_note_10a" href="#pref_gen_tag_10a">10a</a> +This is not intended to confine the definition of Music as taught at +Oxford to its one division of <i>Harmonica</i>, to the exclusion of the +others, <i>Rythmica, Metrica</i>, &c. The Arithmetic <i>said</i> to +have been studied there in the time of Edmund the Confessor is defined +in his Life (MS. about 1310 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>) in +my <i>E. E. Poems & Lives of Saints</i>, 1862, thus,</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>Arsmetrike is a lore: þat of figours al is</p> +<p>& of drauȝtes as me draweþ in poudre: & in numbre iwis.</p> +</div> + +<p class="notation"> +<a href="#corr_v">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">vi</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_11" id="pref_gen_note_11" href="#pref_gen_tag_11">11.</a> +It was in part a principle of Anglo-Saxon society at the earliest +period, and attaches itself to that other universal principle of +fosterage. A Teuton chieftain always gathered round him a troop of +young retainers in his hall who were voluntary servants, and they were, +in fact, almost the only servants he would allow to touch his +person. T. Wright.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_12" id="pref_gen_note_12" href="#pref_gen_tag_12">12.</a> +Compare Skelton’s account of Wolsey’s treatment of the Nobles, in <i>Why +come ye not to Courte</i> (quoted in Ellis’s <i>Letters</i>, v. ii. +p. 3).</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>—“Our barons be so bolde,</p> +<p>Into a mouse hole they wold</p> +<p>Runne away and creep</p> +<p>Like a mainy of sheep:</p> +<p>Dare not look out a dur</p> +<p>For drede of the maystife cur,</p> +<p>For drede of the boucher’s dog</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +“For and this curre do gnarl,</p> +<p>They must stande all afar</p> +<p>To holde up their hand at the bar.</p> +<p>For all their noble bloude,</p> +<p>He pluckes them by the hood</p> +<p>And shakes them by the eare,</p> +<p>And bryngs them in such feare;</p> +<p>He bayteth them lyke a beare,</p> +<p>Like an Ox or a Bul.</p> +<p>Their wittes, he sayth, are dul;</p> +<p>He sayth they have no brayne</p> +<p>Their estate to maintaine:</p> +<p>And make to bowe the knee</p> +<p>Before his Majestie.”</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_13" id="pref_gen_note_13" href="#pref_gen_tag_13">13.</a> +Compare also the quotation from Piers Plowman’s Crede, under No. 5, p. +xlv, and Palsgrave, 1530 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, ‘I +mase, I stonysshe, <i>Je bestourne</i>. You mased the boye so sore +with beatyng that he coulde not speake a worde.’ See a gross instance of +<span class="pagenum">viii</span> +cruelty cited from Erasmus’s Letters, by Staunton, in his <i>Great +Schools of England</i>, p. 179-80.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_14" id="pref_gen_note_14" href="#pref_gen_tag_14">14.</a> +“And therfore do I the more lament that soch [hard] wittes commonlie be +either kepte from learning by fond fathers, or <i>bet from learning by +lewde scholemasters</i>,” ed. Mayor, p. 19. But Ascham reproves +parents for paying their masters so badly: “it is pitie, that commonlie +more care is had, yea and that emonges verie wise men, to finde out +rather a cunnynge man for their horse than a cunnyng man for their +children. They say nay in worde, but they do so in deede. For, to the +one they will gladlie give a stipend of 200. Crounes by yeare, and loth +to offer to the other, 200. shillinges. God, that sitteth in heauen, +laugheth their choice to skorne, and rewardeth their liberalitie as it +should: for he suffereth them to have tame and well ordered horse, but +wilde and unfortunate Children.” <i>Ib.</i> p. 20</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_15" id="pref_gen_note_15" href="#pref_gen_tag_15">15-15.</a> +<i>Sanctæ memoriæ </i>Robertum<i> Cognominatum </i>Grodsted<i> dudum +</i>Lincolniendem<i> Episcopum, Regi </i>Henrico<i> quasi admirando, cum +interrogavit, ubi Noraturam didicit, quâ Filios Nobilium Procerum Regni, +quos secum habuit Domisellos, instruxerat, cum non de nobili prosapia, +sed de simplicibus traxisset Originem, fertur intrepide respondisse, In +Domo seu Hospitio Majorum Regum quam sit Rex Angliæ; Quia Regum, +</i>David, Salomonis<i>, & aliorum, vivendi morem didicerat ex +Intelligentia scripturarum.</i></p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_16" id="pref_gen_note_16" href="#pref_gen_tag_16">16.</a> +<span class="smallcaps">Domicellus</span>, Domnicellus, diminutivum a +<i>Domnus</i>. Gloss. antiquæ MSS.: <i>Heriles, Domini minores, quod +possumus aliter dicere Domnicelli</i>, Ugutio: <i>Domicelli et +Domicellas dicuntur, quando pulchri juvenes magnatum sunt sicut +servientes.</i> Sic porro primitus appellabant magnatum, atque adeo +Regum filios. Du Cange.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">ix</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_17" id="pref_gen_note_17" href="#pref_gen_tag_17">17.</a> +Mr Bruce sends me the More extracts.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">x</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_18" id="pref_gen_note_18" href="#pref_gen_tag_18">18.</a> +How Wolsey broke off the <i>insurance</i> is very well told. Mistress +Anne was “sent home again to her father for a season; <i>whereat she +smoked</i>”; but she “was revoked unto the Court,” and “after she knew +the king’s pleasure and the great love that he bare her <i>in the bottom +of his stomach</i>, then she began to look very hault and stout, having +all manner of jewels or rich apparel that might be gotten with money” +(p. 67).</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_19" id="pref_gen_note_19" href="#pref_gen_tag_19">19.</a> +Under the heading “Gentylmen of Houshold, viz. Kervers, Sewars, +Cupberers, and Gentillmen Waiters” in the <i>North. Household Book</i>, +p. 40, we find</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xi</span> + +<p>Item, Gentillmen in Housholde ix, Viz. ij Carvers for my Loords +Boorde, and a Servant bitwixt theym both, <i>except thai be at their +frendis fyndyng</i>, and than ather of theym to have a +Servant.—Two Sewars for my Lordis Boorde, and a Servant bitwixt +theym, <i>except they be at their Frendis fyndynge</i>, and than ather +of theym to have a Servant.—ij Cupberers for my Lorde and my Lady, +and a Servant allowed bitwixt theym, <i>except they be at their Frendis +fyndynge</i>, And than ather of theym to have a Servant allowid.</p> + +<p>Under the next heading “My Lordis Hansmen at the fyndynge of my +Lorde, and Yonge Gentyllmen <i>at there Frendys fyndynge</i>,” is</p> + +<p>Item, my Lordis Hansmen iij. Yonge Gentyllmen in Houshold <i>at their +Frendis fyndynge</i> ij = v.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_20" id="pref_gen_note_20" href="#pref_gen_tag_20">20.</a> +Grammar usually means Latin. T. Wright.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_21" id="pref_gen_note_21" href="#pref_gen_tag_21">21.</a> +The exceptions must have been many and marked.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_22" id="pref_gen_note_22" href="#pref_gen_tag_22">22.</a> +<i>Richardi Pacei, invictissimi Regis Angliæ primarii Secretarii, +eiusque apud Elvetios Oratoris, De Fructu qui ex Doctrinæ percipitur, +Liber.</i></p> + +<p>Colophon. <i>Basileae apud Io. Frobenium, mense <span class="smallroman">VIII.</span> bri. an.</i> M.D.XVII.</p> + +<p>Restat ut iam tibi explicem, quid me moueat ad libellum hoc titulo +co<i>n</i>scribendum <i>et</i> publicandu<i>m</i>. Quu<i>m</i> duobus +annis plus minus iam præteritis, ex Romana urbe in patriam redijssem, +inter-fui cuida<i>m</i> conuiuio multis incognitus. Vbi quu<i>m</i> +satis fuisset potatum, unus, nescio quis, ex conuiuis, non imprudens, ut +ex uerbis uultuq<i>ue</i> conijcere licuit, cœpit mentionem facere de +liberis suis bene institue<i>n</i>dis. Et primu<i>m</i> omniu<i>m</i>, +bonum præceptorem illis sibi quærendu<i>m</i>, & scholam omnino +frequentanda<i>m</i> censuit. Aderat forte unus ex his, quos nos +generosos uocamus, & qui semper cornu aliquod a tergo pende<i>n</i>s +gestant, acsi etiam inter prandendu<i>m</i> uenare<i>n</i>tur. Is audita +literaru<i>m</i> laude, percitus repe<i>n</i>tina ira, furibundus +p<i>ro</i>rupit in hæc uerba. Quid nugaris, inquit, amice? abeant in +mala<i>m</i> rem istæ stultæ literæ, omnes docti sunt me<i>n</i>dici, +etia<i>m</i> Erasmus ille doctissimus (ut audio) pauper est, & in +quadam sua epistola vocat <span class="greek" title="tên kataraton penian">την καράρατον πενιαν</span> uxore<i>m</i> suam, id est, +execrandam paupertatem, & uehementer conqueritur se son posse illam +humeris suis usq<i>ue</i> in <span class="greek" title="bathukêtea ponton">βαθυκήτεα πόντον</span>, id est, p<i>ro</i>fundum mare excutere. +(Corpus dei iuro) uolo filius meus pendeat potius, qua<i>m</i> literis +studeat. Decet e<i>n</i>im generosoru<i>m</i> filios, apte inflare +cornu, perite uenari, accipitre<i>m</i> pulchre gestare & educare. +Studia uero literaru<i>m</i>, rusticorum filiis sunt relinquenda. Hic +ego cohibere me no<i>n</i> potui, quin aliq<i>ui</i>d homini +loquacissimo, in defensione<i>m</i> bonaru<i>m</i> literaru<i>m</i>, +respo<i>n</i>dere<i>m</i>. No<i>n</i> uideris, inqua<i>m</i>, mihi bone +uir recte sentire, na<i>m</i> si ueniret ad rege<i>m</i> aliq<i>ui</i>s +uir exterus, quales sunt principu<i>m</i> oratores, & ei +dandu<i>m</i> esset responsum, filius tuus sic ut tu uis, institutus, +inflaret du<i>n</i>taxat cornu, & rusticoru<i>m</i> filij docti, ad +respondendu<i>m</i> nocarent<i>ur</i>, ac filio tuo uenatori uel aucupi +longe anteponerent<i>ur</i>, & sua erudita +<span class="pagenum">xiii</span> +(usi libertate, tibi in facie<i>m</i> dicere<i>n</i>t, Nos malumus docti +esse, & p<i>er</i> doctrina<i>m</i> no<i>n</i> imprudentes, +q<i>uam</i> stulta gloriari nobilitate. Tu<i>m</i> ille hincinde +circu<i>m</i>spiciens, Quis est iste, inquit, q<i>ui</i> hæc +loquit<i>ur</i>? homine<i>m</i> non cognosco. Et quu<i>m</i> +diceret<i>ur</i> in aure<i>m</i> ei quisna<i>m</i> essem, nescio +q<i>ui</i>d submissa uoce sibimet susurra<i>n</i>s, & stulto usus +auditore, illico arripuit uini poculu<i>m</i>. Et quu<i>m</i> nihil +haberet respo<i>n</i>dendu<i>m</i>, cœpit bibere, & in alia +sermone<i>m</i> transferre. Et sic me liberauit, non Apollo, ut +Horatiu<i>m</i> a garrulo, sed Bacchus a uesani hominis disputatione, +qua<i>m</i> diutius longe duraturam ueheme<i>n</i>ter +timeba<i>m</i>.</p> + +<p>Professor Brewer gives me the reference.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_23" id="pref_gen_note_23" href="#pref_gen_tag_23">23.</a> +As to agricultural labourers and their children <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1388-1406, see below, <a href="#pref_laborers">p. xlvi</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_24" id="pref_gen_note_24" href="#pref_gen_tag_24">24.</a> +Readers will find it advisable to verify for themselves some of the +statements in this Editor’s notes, &c.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xviii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_24a" id="pref_gen_note_24a" href="#pref_gen_tag_24a">24a.</a> +The regular Cathedral school would have existed at St David’s. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_xviii">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_25" id="pref_gen_note_25" href="#pref_gen_tag_25">25.</a> +The foregoing three extracts are sent me by a friend.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_26" id="pref_gen_note_26" href="#pref_gen_tag_26">26.</a> +From a fragment of the Computus Camerarii Abbat. Hidens. in Archiv. +Wulves. apud Winton. ut supr. (? Hist. Reg. Angl. edit. Hearne, +p. 74.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xix</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_27" id="pref_gen_note_27" href="#pref_gen_tag_27">27.</a> +Hist. and Antiq. of Glastonbury. Oxon. 1722, 8vo, p. 98.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_28" id="pref_gen_note_28" href="#pref_gen_tag_28">28.</a> +Reyner, Apostolat. Benedict. Tract. 1, sect. ii. p. 224. Sanders de +Schism. page 176.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_29" id="pref_gen_note_29" href="#pref_gen_tag_29">29.</a> +<i>utriusque juris</i>, Canon and Civil.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_30" id="pref_gen_note_30" href="#pref_gen_tag_30">30.</a> +<i>Lit. humaniores.</i> Latin is still called so in Scotch, and French* +(I think), universities. J. W. Hales.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +* “There are no French universities, though we find every now and then +some humbug advertising himself in the <i>Times</i> as possessing a +degree of the Paris University. The old Universities belong to the time +before the Deluge—that means before the Revolution of 1789. The +University of France is the organized whole of the higher and middle +institutions of learning, in so far as they are directed by the State, +not the clergy. It is an institution more governmental, according to the +genius of the country, than our London University, to which, however, +its organization bears some resemblance. To speak of it in one breath +with Oxford or Aberdeen is to commit the ... error of confounding two +things, or placing them on the same line, because they have the same +name.” —E. Oswald, in <i>The English Leader</i>, Aug. 10, +1867. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_xix">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">xx</span> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_31" id="pref_gen_note_31" href="#pref_gen_tag_31">31.</a> +(Pace <i>de Fructu</i>, p. 27.) Exigit iam suu<i>m</i> musica +quoq<i>ue</i> doctrina locu<i>m</i>, a me præsertim, que<i>m</i> +puer<i>um</i> inter pueros illustravit. Na<i>m</i> Thomas Langton +Vyntoniensis episcopus, decessor huius qui nunc [1517 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>] uiuit, cui eram a manu minister, quum notasset +me longe supra ætatem (ut ipse nimis fortasse amans mei iudicabat, & +dictitabat) in musicis proficere, Huius, inquit, pueri ingeniu<i>m</i> +ad maiora natum est. & paucos post dies in Italia<i>m</i> ad +Patauinu<i>m</i> gymnasium, quod tu<i>n</i>c +flore<i>n</i>tissimu<i>m</i> erat, ad bonas literas discendas me misit, +annuasq<i>ue</i> impensas benigne suppeditauit, ut omnibus literatis +mirifice fauebat, & ætate sua alterum Mecenatem agebat, probe memor +(ut freque<i>n</i>ter dictitabat) sese doctrinæ causa ad episcopalem +dignitate<i>m</i> prouectum. Adeptus enim fuerat per summam laudem, +utriusq<i>ue</i> iuris (ut nu<i>n</i>c loquu<i>n</i>tur) insignia. Item +humaniores literas tanti æstimabat, ut domestica schola pueros & +iuuenes illis erudiendos curarit. Et summopere oblectabat<i>ur</i> +audire scholasticos dictata interdiu a præceptore, sibi nocta reddere. +In quo certamine qui præclare se gesserat, is aliqua re personæ suæ +acco<i>m</i>modata, donatus abibat, & humanissimis uerbis laudatus. +Habebet e<i>n</i>im semper in ore ille optimus Præsul, uirtutem laudatam +crescere.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_32" id="pref_gen_note_32" href="#pref_gen_tag_32">32.</a> +Ascham praises most the practice of double translation, from Latin into +English, and then back from English into +Latin.—<i>Scholemaster</i>, p. 90, 178, ed. Giles.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_33" id="pref_gen_note_33" href="#pref_gen_tag_33">33.</a> +Mr Wm. Chappell gives me the reference, and part of the extract.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxiii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_34" id="pref_gen_note_34" href="#pref_gen_tag_34">34.</a> +When did <i>breakfast</i> get its name, and its first notice as a +regular meal? I do not remember having seen the name in the early +part of <i>Household Ordinances</i>, or any other work earlier than the +<i>Northumberland Household Book</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_35" id="pref_gen_note_35" href="#pref_gen_tag_35">35.</a> +On Musical Education, see the early pages of Mr Chappell’s <i>Popular +Music</i>, and the note in Archæol., vol. xx, p. 60-1, with its +references. ‘Music constituted a part of the <i>quadrivium</i>, +a branch of their system of education.’</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_35a" id="pref_gen_note_35a" href="#pref_gen_tag_35a">35a.</a> +“The first William de Valence married Joan de Monchensi, sister-in-law +to one Dionysia, and aunt to another.” <i>The Chronicle</i>, Sept. 21, +1867. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_xxv">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_36" id="pref_gen_note_36" href="#pref_gen_tag_36">36.</a> +Le treytyz ke moun sire Gauter de Bibelesworthe fist à <span class="smallcaps">ma dame Dyonisie de Mounchensy</span>, pur aprise de +langwage.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxvi</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_37" id="pref_gen_note_37" href="#pref_gen_tag_37">37.</a> +Later on, the proportions of poor and rich changed, as may be inferred +from the extract from Harrison below. In the ‘exact account of the whole +number (2920) of Scholars and Students in the University of Oxford taken +anno 1612 in the Long Vacation, the <i>Studentes</i> of Christ Church +are 100, the <i>Pauperes Scholares et alii Servientes</i> 41; at +Magdalene the latter are 76; at New College 18, to 70 <i>Socii</i>; at +Brasenose (Æneasense Coll.) the <i>Communarii</i> are 145, and the +<i>Pauperes Scholares</i> 17; at Exeter, the latter are 37, to 134 +<i>Communarii</i>; at St John’s, 20 to 43; at Lincoln the +<i>Communarii</i> are 60, to 27 <i>Batellatores et Pauperes +Scholares</i>.’ Collectanea Curiosa, v. i. p. 196-203.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_38" id="pref_gen_note_38" href="#pref_gen_tag_38">38.</a> +Was this in return for the raised rents that Ascham so bitterly +complains of the new possessors of the monastic lands screwing out of +their tenants, and thereby ruining the yeomen? He says to the Duke of +Somerset on Nov. 21, 1547 (ed. Giles, i. p. 140-1),</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Qui auctores sunt tantæ miseriæ?... Sunt illi qui hodie passim, in +Anglia, prædia monasteriorum gravissimis annuis reditibus auxerunt. Hinc +omnium rerum exauctum pretium; hi homines expilant totam rempublicam. +Villici et coloni universi laborant, parcunt, corradunt, ut istis +satisfaciant.... Hinc tot familiæ dissipatæ, tot domus collapsæ.... +Hinc, quod omnium miserrimum est, nobile illud decus et robur Angliæ, +nomen, inquam, <i>Yomanorum Anglorum</i>, fractum et collisum est ... +<span class="smallcaps">Nam vita, quæ nunc vivitur a plurimis, non +vita, sed miseria est</span>.</p> + +<p>When will these words cease to be true of our land? They should be +burnt into all our hearts.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_38a" id="pref_gen_note_38a" href="#pref_gen_tag_38a">38a.</a> +One of the inquiries ordered by the Articles issued by Archbishop +Cranmer, in <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1548, is, “Whether +Parsons, Vicars, Clerks, and other beneficed men, having yearly to +dispend an hundred pound, do not find, competently, one scholar in the +University of Cambridge or Oxford, or some grammar school; and for as +many hundred pounds as every of them may dispend, so many scholars +likewise to be found [supported] by them; and what be their names that +they so find.” Toulmin Smith, <i>The Parish</i>, p. 95. Compare +also in Church-Wardens Accompts of St Margaret’s, Westminster (ed. Jn. +Nichols, p. 41).</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="student stipends"> +<tr> +<td>1631.</td> +<td><p>Item, to Richard Busby, a king’s scholler of Westminster, towards +enabling him to proceed master of arts at Oxon, by consent of the +vestrie</p> +</td> +<td class="nobreak">£6. 13. 4.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>1628.</td> +<td><p>Item, to Richard Busby, by consent of the vestry, towards +enabling him to proceed bachelor of arts</td> +<td>£5. 0. 0.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Nichols, p. 38. See too p. 37. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_xxvi">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxvii</span> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_39" id="pref_gen_note_39" href="#pref_gen_tag_39">39.</a> +“He placed Æthelweard, his youngest son, who was fond of learning, +together with the sons of his nobility, and of many persons of inferior +rank, in schools which he had established with great wisdom and +foresight, and provided with able masters. In these schools the youth +were instructed in reading and writing both the Saxon and Latin +languages, and in other liberal arts, before they arrived at sufficient +strength of body for hunting, and other manly exercises becoming their +rank.” Henry, <i>History of England</i>, vol. ii. pp. 354-5 (quoted +from Asser).</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_40" id="pref_gen_note_40" href="#pref_gen_tag_40">40.</a> +None were so. T. Wright.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_41" id="pref_gen_note_41" href="#pref_gen_tag_41">41.</a> +Gervaise of Canterbury says, in his account of Theobald in the Acts of +the Archbishops, “quorum primus erat magister Vacarius. Hic in +Oxonefordiâ legem docuit.”</p> + +<p class="notation"> +Note deleted in <a href="#corr_xxviia">Corrigenda</a> and +replaced with following paragraph:</p> + +<p>‘The truth is that, in his account of Oxford and its early days, Mr +Hallam quotes John of Salisbury, not as asserting that Vacarius taught +there, but as making “no mention of Oxford at all”; while he gives for +the statement about the law school no authority whatever beyond his +general reference throughout to Anthony Wood. But the fact is as +historical as a fact can well be, and the authority for it is a passage +in one of the best of the contemporary authors, Gervaise of Canterbury. +“Tunc leges et causidici in Angliam primo vocati sunt,” he says in his +account of Theobald in the Acts of the Archbishops, “quorum primus +era<i>t</i> magister Vacarius. Hic in Oxonefordiâ legem docuit.”’ +E. A. F.</p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_41a" id="pref_gen_note_41a" href="#pref_gen_tag_41a">41a.</a> +Roger Bacon died, perhaps, 11 June, 1292, or in 1294. <i>Book of +Dates.</i> +<a class="notation" href="#corr_xxvii">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxix</span> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_42" id="pref_gen_note_42" href="#pref_gen_tag_42">42.</a> +This College is said to have been founded in the year 872, by Alfred the +Great. It was restored by William of Durham, said to have been +Archdeacon of Durham; but respecting whom little authentic information +has been preserved, except that he was Rector of Wearmouth in that +county, and that he died in 1249, bequeathing a sum of money to provide +a permanent endowment for the maintenance of a certain number of +“Masters.” The first purchase with this bequest was made in 1253, and +the first Statutes are dated 1280.— <i>Oxford Univ. Calendar</i>, +1865, p. 167.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_43" id="pref_gen_note_43" href="#pref_gen_tag_43">43.</a> +I refer to the modernized edition published by Charles Knight in two +volumes.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_44" id="pref_gen_note_44" href="#pref_gen_tag_44">44.</a> +Other well-born men, in the <i>Ath. Cant.</i>, then connected with the +University, or supposed to be, were,</p> + +<table class="names" summary="Oxford men"> +<tr> +<td class="number">1504</td> +<td><p>Sir Roger Ormston, knight, died. Had been High Steward of the +University.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1504</td> +<td><p>Sir John Mordaunt, High Steward.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1478</td> +<td><p>George Fitzhugh, 4th son of Henry lord Fitzhugh, admitted +B.A.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1488</td> +<td><p>Robert Leyburn, born of a knightly family, Fellow of +Pembroke-hall, and proctor.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1457</td> +<td><p>John Argentine, of an ancient and knightly family, was elected +from Eton to King’s.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1504</td> +<td><p>Robert Fairfax, of an ancient family in Yorkshire, took the +degree of Mus. Doc.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1496</td> +<td><p>Christopher Baynbrigg, of a good family at Hilton, near Appleby, +educated at and Provost of Queen’s, Oxford, incorporated of +Cambridge.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1517</td> +<td><p>Sir Wm. Fyndern, knight, died, and was a benefactor to Clare +Hall, in which it is supposed he had been educated.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1481</td> +<td><p>Robert Rede, of an ancient Northumbrian family, was sometime of +Buckingham College, and the Fellow of King’s-hall (?), and was autumn +reader at Lincoln’s Inn in 1481.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number nobreak">ab. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘460’">1460</ins></td> +<td><p>Marmaduke Constable, son of Sir Robert Constable, knight, +believed to have been educated at Cambridge.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td><p>So, Edward Stafford, heir of Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, +is also believed to have been educated at Cambridge, because his father +was a munificent patron of the University, constantly maintaining, or +assisting to maintain, scholars therein.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td><p>So, Thomas Howard, son of Sir John Howard, knight, and afterwards +Duke of Norfolk, who defeated the Scots at Flodden, is believed, +&c.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1484</td> +<td><p>John Skelton, the poet, probably of an ancient Cumberland +family.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1520?</td> +<td><p>Henry Howard, son of Lord Thomas Howard, ultimately Duke of +Norfolk. Nothing is known as to the place of his education. If it were +either of the English Universities, the presumption is in favour of +Cambridge.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +The only tradesman’s son mentioned is, +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="number">1504</td> +<td><p>Sir Richard Empson, son of Peter Empson, a sieve-maker, +High-Steward.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxiii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_45" id="pref_gen_note_45" href="#pref_gen_tag_45">45.</a> +Whitgift himself, born 1530, was educated at <ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by author from ‘St. Paul’s’">St. Anthony’s</ins> school, +then sent back to his father in the country, and sent up to Cambridge in +1548 or 1549.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxiv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_46" id="pref_gen_note_46" href="#pref_gen_tag_46">46.</a> +No proof of this is given.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_47" id="pref_gen_note_47" href="#pref_gen_tag_47">47.</a> +Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, son and heir of Thomas Duke of Norfolk, +‘was for a time student in Cardinal Coll. as the constant tradition has +been among us.’ p. 153, col. 1.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_48" id="pref_gen_note_48" href="#pref_gen_tag_48">48.</a> +Andrew Borde, who writes himself <i>Andreas Perforatus</i>, was born, as +it seems, at Pevensey, commonly called Pensey [now Pemsey], in Sussex, +and not unlikely educated in Wykeham’s school near to Winchester, +brought up at Oxford (as he saith in his <i>Introduction to +Knowledge</i>, cap. 35), p. 170, col. 2, and note.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_49" id="pref_gen_note_49" href="#pref_gen_tag_49">49.</a> +See Mat. Paris, p. 665, though he speaks there chiefly of monks* beyond +sea.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p>* As appears from Wood’s <i>Fasti Oxon.</i></p> + +<p>The following names of Oxford men educated at monkish or friars’ +schools, or of their bodies, occur in the first volume of Wood’s +<i>Athenæ Oxon.</i>, ed. Bliss:</p> + +<table class="names" summary="Oxford men"> +<tr> +<td>p. 6, col. 2.</td> +<td>William Beeth, educated among the Dominicans or Black Friers from +his youth, and afterwards their provincial master or chief +governor.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 7, col. 2.</td> +<td>Richard Bardney, a Benedictine of Lincolnshire.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 11, col. 2.</td> +<td>John Sowle, a Carme of London.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 14, col. 1.</td> +<td>William Galeon, an Austin friar of Lynn Regis.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 18, col. 2.</td> +<td>Henry Bradshaw, one of the Benedictine monks of St Werberg’s, +Chester.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 19, col. 1.</td> +<td>John Harley, of the order of the Preaching or Dominican, commonly +called Black, Friars</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xxxvi</span> +p. 54, col. 2.</td> +<td>Thomas Spenser, a Carthusian at Henton in Somersetshire; ‘whence for +a time he receded to Oxford (as several of his order did) to improve +himself, or to pass a course, in theology.’</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 94, col. 2.</td> +<td>John Kynton, a Minorite or Grey-friar</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 101, col. 1.</td> +<td>John Rycks,<span class="gap2"> „ „</span></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 107, col. 1.</td> +<td>John Forest, a Franciscan of Greenwich.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 189, col. 1.</td> +<td>John Griffen, a Cistercian.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="nobreak">p. 278, col. 2.</td> +<td>Cardinal Pole, educated among the Carthusians, and Carmelites or +‘White-fryers.’</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 363, col. 2.</td> +<td>William Barlowe, an Austin of St Osith in Essex.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>p. 630, col. 2.</td> +<td>Henry Walpoole and Richard Walpoole, Jesuits.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The 5th Lord Percy, he of the <i>Household Book</i>, in the year 1520 +founded an annual stipend of 10 marcs for 3 years, for a <i>Pedagogus +sive Magister, docens ac legens Grammaticam et Philosophiam canonicis et +fratribus</i> of the monastery of Alnwick (Warton, ii. 492).</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxvi</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_50" id="pref_gen_note_50" href="#pref_gen_tag_50">50.</a> +It was customary then at Oxford for the Religious to have schools that +bore the name of their respective orders; as the Augustine, Benedictine, +Carmelite, and Franciscan schools; and there were schools also +appropriated to the benefit of particular Religious houses, as the +Dorchester and Eynsham schools, &c. The monks of Gloucester had +Gloucester convent, and the novices of Pershore an apartment in the same +house. So likewise the young monks of Canterbury, Westminster, Durham, +St Albans, &c. Kennet’s Paroch. Antiq., p. 214. So also Leland +saith, Itin. vol. vi. p. 28, that at Stamford the names of +Peterborough Hall, Semplingham, and Vauldey yet remain, as places +whither the Religious of those houses sent their scholars to study. +Tanner, Notitia Monastica, Preface, p. xxvi. note <i>w</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_51" id="pref_gen_note_51" href="#pref_gen_tag_51">51.</a> +The abuse was of far earlier date than this. Compare Mr Halliwell’s +quotation in his ‘Merton Statutes,’ from his edition of ‘the Poems of +John Awdelay, the blind poet of Haghmon Monastery in the 14th +century,’</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Now ȝif a pore mon set hys son to Oxford to scole,</p> +<p class="in1"> +Bothe the fader and the moder hyndryd they schal be;</p> +<p>And ȝif ther falle a benefyse, hit schal be ȝif a fole,</p> +<p class="in1"> +To a clerke of a kechyn, ore into the chaunceré . .</p> +<p class="in5"> +Clerkys that han cunyng,</p> +<p class="in5"> +. . thai mai get no vaunsyng</p> +<p class="in8"> +Without symony.</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxvii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_52" id="pref_gen_note_52" href="#pref_gen_tag_52">52.</a> +Compare Chaucer: ‘wherfore, as seith Senek, ther is nothing more +covenable to a man of heigh estate than debonairté and pité; and +therfore thise flies than men clepen bees, whan thay make here king, +they chesen oon that hath no pricke wherwith he may +stynge.’—<i>Persones Tale</i>, Poet. Works, ed. Morris, iii. +301.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_53" id="pref_gen_note_53" href="#pref_gen_tag_53">53.</a> +Ascham complains of the harm that rich men’s sons did in his time at +Cambridge. Writing to Archbp. Cranmer in 1545, he complains of two +<i>gravissima +<span class="pagenum">xxxviii</span> +impedimenta</i> to their course of study: (1.) that so few old men will +stop up to encourage study by their example; (2.) “quod illi fere omnes +qui hue Cantabrigiam confluunt, pueri sunt, divitumque filii, et hi +etiam qui nunquam inducunt animum suum, ut abundanti aliqua perfectaque +eruditione perpoliantur, sed ut ad alia reipublicæ munera obeunda levi +aliqua et inchoata cognitione paratiores efficiantur. Et hic singularis +quædam injuria bifariam academiæ intentata est; vel quia hoc modo omnis +expletæ absolutæque doctrinæ spes longe ante messem, in ipsa quasi +herbescenti viriditate, præciditur; vel quia omnis pauperum inopumque +expectatio, quorum ætates omnes in literarum studio conteruntur, ab his +fucis eorum sedes occupantibus, exclusa illusaque præripitur. Ingenium, +enim, doctrina, inopia judicium, nil quicquam domi valent, ubi gratia, +favor, magnatum literæ, et aliæ persimiles extraordinariæ illegitimæque +rationes vim foris adferunt. Hinc quoque illud accedit incommodum, quod +quidam prudentes viri nimis ægre ferunt partem aliquam regiæ pecuniæ in +collegiorum socios inpartiri; quasi illi non maxime indigeant, aut quasi +ulla spes perfectæ eruditionis in ullis aliis residere potest, quam in +his, qui in perpetuo literarum studio perpetuum vitæ suæ tabernaculum +collocarunt.” Ed. Giles, i. p. 69-70. See also p. 121-2.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxix</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_54" id="pref_gen_note_54" href="#pref_gen_tag_54">54.</a> +<i>Antea enim</i> Cornelius Vitellius, <i>homo</i> Italus Corneli, +<i>quod est maritimum</i> Hetruriæ <i>Oppidum, natus nobili Prosapia, +vir optimus gratiosusque, omnium primus</i> Oxonii <i>bonas literas +docuerat</i>. [Pol. Verg. <i>lib.</i> xxvi.]</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_55" id="pref_gen_note_55" href="#pref_gen_tag_55">55.</a> +<i>Ante annos ferme triginta, nihil tradebatur in schola</i> +Cantabrigiensi, <i>præter</i> Alexandri Parva Logicalia, <i>ut vocant, +& vetera illa</i> Aristotelis <i>dictata, Scoticasque Quæstiones. +Progressu temporis accesserunt bonæ literæ; accessit Matheseos Cognitio; +accessit novus, aut certe novatus</i>, Aristoteles; <i>accessit</i> +Græcarum <i>literarum peritia; accesserunt Autores tam multi, quorum +olim ne nomina quidem tenebantur, &c.</i> [Erasmi <i>Epist.</i> +Henrico Bovillo, <i>Dat.</i> Roffæ <i>Cal.</i> Sept. 1516.]</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_56" id="pref_gen_note_56" href="#pref_gen_tag_56">56.</a> +Sir John Fortescue’s description of the study of law at Westminster and +in the Inns of Chancery is in chapters 48-9 of his <i>De laudibus legum +Angliæ</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xl</span> + +<p class="float"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_57" id="pref_gen_note_57" href="#pref_gen_tag_57">57.</a></p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Mores habent barbarus, Latinus et Græcus;</p> +<p>Si sacerdos, ut plebs est, cæcum ducit cæcus:</p> +<p>Se mares effeminant, et equa fit equus,</p> +<p>Expectes ab homine usque ad pecus.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Et quia non metuunt animæ discrimen,</p> +<p>Principes in habitum verterunt hoc crimen,</p> +<p>Varium viro turpiter jungit novus hymen,</p> +<p>Exagitata procul non intrat fœmina limen.</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">xli</span> + +<p class="float"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_58" id="pref_gen_note_58" href="#pref_gen_tag_58">58.</a></p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>Pixus et ablutus tandem progressus in urbem,</p> +<p>Intrat in ecclesiam, vota precesque facit.</p> +<p>Inde scholas adiens, secum deliberat, utrum</p> +<p>Expediat potius illa vel ista schola.</p> +<p>Et quia subtiles sensu considerat Anglos,</p> +<p>Pluribus ex causis se sociavit iis.</p> +<p>Moribus egregii, verbo vultuque venusti,</p> +<p>Ingenio pollent, consilioque vigent.</p> +<p>Dona pluunt populis, et detestantur avaros,</p> +<p>Fercula multiplicant, et sine lege bibunt.</p> +</div> + +<p>A. Wood, <i>Antiq. Oxon.</i>, p. 55, in Henry’s Hist. of Eng., vol. +iii. p. 440-1.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_59" id="pref_gen_note_59" href="#pref_gen_tag_59">59.</a> +That Colet used his travels abroad, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1493-7, for a different purpose, see his life +by Dr Knight, pp. 23-4.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xlii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_60" id="pref_gen_note_60" href="#pref_gen_tag_60">60.</a> +Fuller, book vi. p. 297. Collier, vol. ii. p. 165. Stillingfleet’s +Orig. Britan. p. 206. Bishop Lloyd of Church Government, +p. 160. This was provided for as early as <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 747, by the seventh canon of council of +Clovesho, as Wilkins’s Councils, vol. i. p. 95. See also the notes +upon that canon, in Johnson’s Collection of canons, &c. In Tavistock +abbey there was a Saxon school, as Willis, i. 171. Tanner. (Charlemagne +in his Capitularies ordained that each Monastery should maintain a +School, where should be taught ‘la grammaire, le calcule, et la +musique.’ See Démogeot’s <i>Histoire de la Littérature Française</i>, +p. 44, ed. Hachette. R. Whiston.) Henry says “these teachers +of the cathedral schools were called <i>The scholastics</i> of the +diocess; and all the youth in it who were designed for the church, were +intitled to the benefit of their instructions.* Thus, for example, +William de Monte, who had been a professor at Paris, and taught theology +with so much reputation in the reign of Henry II., at Lincoln, was the +scholastic of that cathedral. By the eighteenth canon of the third +general council of Lateran, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1179, +it was decreed, That such scholastics should be settled in all +cathedrals, with sufficient revenues for their support; and that they +should have authority to superintend all the schoolmasters of the +diocess, and grant them licences, without which none should presume to +teach. The laborious authors of the literary history of France have +collected a very distinct account of the scholastics who presided in the +principal cathedral-schools of that kingdom in the twelfth century, +among whom we meet with many of the most illustrious names for learning +of that age.... The sciences that were taught in these cathedral schools +were such as were most necessary to qualify their pupils for performing +the duties of the sacerdotal office, as Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, +Theology, and Church-Music.” —<i>Ibid.</i> p. 442.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +* Du Cange, Gloss. voc. <i>Scholasticus</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_61" id="pref_gen_note_61" href="#pref_gen_tag_61">61.</a> +Fuller and Collier, as before; Bishop Burnet (Reform, vol. i. p... ) +saith so of Godstow. Archbishop Greenfield ordered that young +gentlewomen who came to the nunneries either for piety or breeding, +should wear white veils, to distinguish them from the professed, who +wore black ones, 11 Kal. Jul. anno pontif. 6. M. Hutton. ex +registr. ejus, p. 207. In the accounts of the cellaress of Carhow, +near Norwich, there is an account of what was received “pro +prehendationibus,” or the board of young ladies and their servants for +education “rec. de domina Margeria Wederly prehendinat, ibidem xi. +septimanas xiii <i>s.</i> iv <i>d.</i> ... pro mensa unius famulæ dictæ +Margeriæ per iii. septimanas viii <i>d.</i> per sept.” &c. +Tanner.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xliii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_62" id="pref_gen_note_62" href="#pref_gen_tag_62">62.</a> +Morley’s <i>English Writers</i>, vol. ii. Pt. I. p. 421.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_63" id="pref_gen_note_63" href="#pref_gen_tag_63">63.</a> +Edited by Mr Halliwell in his ‘Selection from the Minor Poems of Dan +John Lydgate.’ Percy Society, 1840, quoted by Prof. Morley.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xlv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_63a" id="pref_gen_note_63a" href="#pref_gen_tag_63a">63a.</a> +‘Fitz-Stephen says on the parents of St Thomas, “Neque fœnerantibus +neque officiose negotiantibus, sed de redditibus suis honorifice +viventibus.”’ E. A. F. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_xlv">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_64" id="pref_gen_note_64" href="#pref_gen_tag_64">64.</a> +Mr Skeat’s readings. The <i>abbot</i> and <i>abbots</i> of Mr Wright’s +text spoil the alliteration.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_65" id="pref_gen_note_65" href="#pref_gen_tag_65">65.</a> +Compare the previous passages under heading 1, p. vi.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_66" id="pref_gen_note_66" href="#pref_gen_tag_66">66.</a> +May Mr Skeat bring the day when it will be done!</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xlvii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_67" id="pref_gen_note_67" href="#pref_gen_tag_67">67.</a> +Later on, men’s games were settled for them as well as their trades. In +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1541, the 33 Hen. VIII., +cap. 9, § xvi., says,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +“Be it also enacted by the authority aforesaid, That no manner of +Artificer or Craftsman of any Handicraft or Occupation, Husbandman, +Apprentice, Labourer, Servant at Husbandry, Journeyman or Servant of +Artificer, Mariners, Fishermen, Watermen or any Serving man, shall from +the said feast of the Nativity of St John Baptist play at the Tables, +Tennis, Dice, Cards, Bowls, Clash, Coyting, Logating, or any other +unlawful Game out of Christmas, under the Pain of xx <i>s.</i> to +be forfeit for every Time; (2) and in Christmas to play at any of +the said Games in their Master’s Houses, or in their Master’s Presence; +(3) and also that no manner of persons shall at any time play at +any Bowl or Bowls in open places out of his Garden or Orchard, upon the +Pain for every Time so offending to forfeit vi <i>s.</i> +viiii <i>d.</i>” (For <i>Logating</i>, &c., see Strutt.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xlix</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_68" id="pref_gen_note_68" href="#pref_gen_tag_68">68.</a> +Translated from the Latin copy in the British Museum, MS. Harl. 1197, +art. 15, folio 319 b.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_69" id="pref_gen_note_69" href="#pref_gen_tag_69">69.</a> +Duodecim pauperes de sumptibus dictæ Ecclesiæ <i>alendi</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_70" id="pref_gen_note_70" href="#pref_gen_tag_70">70.</a> +Duo <i>unus</i> Pincernæ, et <i>unus subpincerna</i>, duo unus cociquus, +et unus subcoquus. Sic in MS</p> + +<span class="pagenum">l</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_71" id="pref_gen_note_71" href="#pref_gen_tag_71">71.</a> +MS. No. 688 in Lambeth Library. MS. Harl. cod. 1594, art. 38, in Brit. +Mus.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">liii</span> + +<p class="float"> +<a name="pref_gen_note_72" id="pref_gen_note_72" href="#pref_gen_tag_72">72.</a></p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>Farewell, in Oxford my college cardynall!</p> +<p>Farewell, in <i>Ipsewich, my schole gramaticall!</i></p> +<p>Yet oons farewell! I say, I shall you never see!</p> +<p>Your somptious byldyng, what now avayllethe me?</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Metrical Visions</i> [Wolsey.] by George Cavendish, in his Life of +Wolsey, (ed. Singer, ii. 17). Wolsey’s Letter of Directions about his +school should be consulted. It is printed.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_73" id="pref_gen_note_73" href="#pref_gen_tag_73">73.</a> +Colet’s Statutes for St Paul’s School are given in Howard Staunton’s +<i>Great Schools of England</i>, p. 179-85.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">liv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_74" id="pref_gen_note_74" href="#pref_gen_tag_74">74.</a> +‘That there was a school at Rochester before Henry VIII.’s time is +proved by our Statutes, which speak of the <i>Schola Grammaticalis</i> +as being <i>ruinosa & admodum deformis</i>.’ R. Whiston.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_75" id="pref_gen_note_75" href="#pref_gen_tag_75">75.</a> +Pegge concludes these to have been St Paul’s, Bow, and Martin’s le +Grand.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_76" id="pref_gen_note_76" href="#pref_gen_tag_76">76.</a> +The custom of boys bringing cocks to masters has left a trace at +Sedburgh, where the boys pay a sum every year on a particular day +(Shrove-Tuesday?) as “cock-penny.” Quick.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_77" id="pref_gen_note_77" href="#pref_gen_tag_77">77.</a> +On the London Schools, see also Sir George Buc’s short <i>cap.</i> 36, +“Moore of +<span class="pagenum">lvi</span> +other Schooles in London,” in his <i>Third Vniuersitie of England</i> +(t.i. London). He notices the old schools of the monasteries, &c., +‘in whose stead there be some few founded lately by good men, as the +Merchant Taylors, and Thomas Sutton, founder of the great new Hospitall +in the Charter house, [who] hath translated the Tenis court to a Grammar +Schoole ... for 30 schollers, poore mens children.... There be also +other Triuiall Schooles for the bringing up of youth in good literature, +<i>viz.</i>, in S. <i>Magnus</i>, in S. <i>Michaels</i>, in +S. <i>Thomas</i>, and others.’</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lvii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_78" id="pref_gen_note_78" href="#pref_gen_tag_78">78.</a> +Udall became Master of Eton about 1534. He was sent to prison for +sodomy.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lviii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_79" id="pref_gen_note_79" href="#pref_gen_tag_79">79.</a> +The perversion of these elections by bribery is noticed by Harrison in +the former extract from him on the Universities.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxi</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_80" id="pref_gen_note_80" href="#pref_gen_tag_80">80.</a> +See p. 273-4, ‘all of a fourme to name who is the best of their fourme, +and who is the best next him’.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_81" id="pref_gen_note_81" href="#pref_gen_tag_81">81.</a> +? key of the Campo, see pp. 299 and 300, or a club, the holder of which +had a right to go out.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxiv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_82" id="pref_gen_note_82" href="#pref_gen_tag_82">82.</a> +See Mr Froude’s noble article in <i>The Westminster Review</i>, +No. 3, July, 1852 (lately republished by him in a collection of +Essays, &c.).</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_83" id="pref_gen_note_83" href="#pref_gen_tag_83">83.</a> +Their eyes must have smarted. The natives’ houses in India have +(generally) no chimneys still, and Mr Moreshwar says the smoke +<i>does</i> make your eyes water.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_84" id="pref_gen_note_84" href="#pref_gen_tag_84">84.</a> +Mouffet is learned on the Louse.</p> + +<p>“In the first beginning whilest man was in his innocency, and free +from wickednesse, he was subject to no corruption and filth, but when he +was seduced by the wickednesse of that great and cunning deceiver, and +proudly affected to know as much as God knew, God humbled him with +divers diseases, and divers sorts of Worms, with Lice, Hand-worms, +Belly-worms, others call <i>Termites</i>, small Nits and Acares ... +a Lowse ... is a beastly Creature, and known better in Innes and +Armies then it is wellcome. The profit it bringeth, <i>Achilles</i> +sheweth, <i>Iliad</i> I. in these words: <i>I make no more of +him then I doe of a Lowse</i>; as we have an English Proverb of a poor +man, <i>He is not worth a Lowse</i>. The Lice that trouble men are +either tame or wilde ones, those the <i>English</i> call <i>Lice</i>, +and these <i>Crab-lice</i>; the North <i>English</i> call them +<i>Pert-lice</i>, that is, a petulant Lowse comprehending both +kindes; it is a certain sign of misery, and is sometimes the inevitable +scourge of +<span class="pagenum">lxv</span> +God.” Rowland’s <i>Mouffet’s Theater of Insects</i>, p. 1090, ed. +1658 (published in Latin, 1634). By this date we had improved. Mouffet +says, “These filthy creatures ... are hated more than Dogs or Vipers by +our daintiest Dames,” <i>ib.</i> p. 1093; and again, p. 1097, +“Cardan, that was a fancier of subtilties, writes that the +<i>Carthusians</i> are never vexed with Wall-lice, and he gives the +cause, because they eat no flesh.... He should rather have alledged +their cleanliness, and the frequent washing of their beds and blankets, +to be the cause of it, which when the <i>French</i>, the <i>Dutch</i>, +and <i>Italians</i> do less regard, they more breed this plague. But the +English that take great care to be cleanly and decent, are seldom +troubled with them.” Also, on p. 1092, he says, ‘As for dressing +the body: all <i>Ireland</i> is noted for this, that it swarms almost +with Lice. But that this proceeds from the beastliness of the people, +and want of cleanly women to wash them is manifest, because the English +that are more careful to dress themselves, changing and washing their +shirts often, having inhabited so long in <i>Ireland</i>, have escaped +that plague.... Remedies. The <i>Irish</i> and <i>Iseland</i> people +(who are frequently troubled with Lice, and such as will fly, as they +say, in Summer) anoint their shirts with Saffron, and to very good +purpose, to drive away the Lice, but after six moneths they wash their +shirts again, putting fresh Saffron into the Lye.’ Rowland’s Mouffet +(1634), <i>Theater of Insects</i>, p. 1092, ed. 1658.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxvii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_85" id="pref_gen_note_85" href="#pref_gen_tag_85">85.</a> +Prof. Brewer says that Erasmus, rejecting the Mediæval Latin and +adopting the Classical, no doubt used <i>salsamenta</i> in its classical +sense of salt-meat, and referred to the great quantity of it used in +England during the winter, when no fresh meat was eaten, but only that +which had been killed at the annual autumn slaughtering, and then salted +down. Stall-fattening not being practised, the autumn was the time for +fat cattle. <i>Salsamentum</i>, however, is translated in White and +Riddle’s Dictionary, “A. Fish-pickle, brine; B. Salted or +pickled fish (so usually in plural).”</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxviii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_gen_note_86" id="pref_gen_note_86" href="#pref_gen_tag_86">86.</a> +If any member or reader can refer me to any other verse or prose pieces +of like kind, unprinted, or that deserve reprinting, I shall be +much obliged to him, and will try to put them in type.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div footnote --> + +<span class="pagenum">lxix</span> +<a name="pagelxix" id="pagelxix"> </a> +<!-- png 087 --> + +<h4><a name="preface_russell" id="preface_russell">PREFACE TO +RUSSELL.</a></h4> + +<p>Though this <i>Boke of Nurture</i> by John Russell is the most +complete and elaborate of its kind, I have never seen it mentioned +by name in any of the many books and essays on early manners and +customs, food and dress, that have issued from the press. My own +introduction to it was due to a chance turning over, for another +purpose, of the leaves of the MS. containing it. Mr Wheatley then told +me of Ritson’s reference to it in his <i>Bibliographica Poetica</i>, +p. 96; and when the text was all printed, a reference in +<i>The Glossary of Domestic Architecture</i> (v. III. Pt. I. p. 76, +note, col. 2) sent me to MS. Sloane 1315<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_1" id="pref_russ_tag_1" href="#pref_russ_note_1">1</a>—in the Glossary stated to have been +written in 1452—which proved to be a different and unnamed version +of Russell. Then the Sloane Catalogue disclosed a third MS., No. 2027<a +class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_2" id="pref_russ_tag_2" href="#pref_russ_note_2">2</a>, and the earliest of the three, differing +rather less than No. 1315 from Russell’s text, but still anonymous. +I have therefore to thank for knowledge of the MSS. that special +Providence which watches over editors as well as children and drunkards, +and have not on this occasion to express gratitude to Ritson and Warton, +to whom every lover of Early English Manuscripts is under such deep +obligations, and whose guiding hands (however faltering) in Poetry have +made us long so often for the like in Prose. Would that one of our many +Historians of English Literature had but conceived the idea of +cataloguing the materials for his History before sitting down to write +it! Would that a wise Government would commission another Hardy to do +for English Literature what the Deputy-Keeper of the Public Records is +now doing for English History— +<span class="pagenum">lxx</span> +<a name="pagelxx" id="pagelxx"> </a> +<!-- png 088 --> +give us a list of the MSS. and early printed books of it! What time and +trouble such a Catalogue would save!</p> + +<p>But to return to John Russell and his Boke. He describes himself at +the beginning and end of his treatise as Usher and Marshal to Humphrey, +Duke of Gloucester, delighting in his work in youth, quitting it only +when compelled by crooked age, and then anxious to train up worthy +successors in the art and mystery of managing a well-appointed +household. A man evidently who knew his work in every detail, and +did it all with pride; not boastful, though upholding his office against +rebellious cooks<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_3" id="pref_russ_tag_3" href="#pref_russ_note_3">3</a>, putting them down +with imperial dignity, “we may allow and disallow; our office is the +chief!” A simple-minded religious man too,—as the close of +his Treatise shows,—and one able to appreciate the master he +served, the “prynce fulle royalle,” the learned and munificent Humphrey +Duke of Gloucester, the patron of Lydgate, Occleve, Capgrave, +Withamstede, Leonard Aretine, Petrus Candidus, Petrus de Monte, Tito +Livio, Antoyne de Beccara, &c. &c., the lover of Manuscripts, +the first great donor to the Oxford University Library which Bodley +revived<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_4" id="pref_russ_tag_4" +href="#pref_russ_note_4">4</a>, “that prince peerless,” as Russell +calls him, a man who, with all his faults, loved books and authors, +and shall be respected by us as he was by Lydgate. But our business is +with the Marshal, not the Master, and we will hear what John Russell +says of himself in his own verse,</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>an vssher<i>e</i> y Am / ye may behold<i>e</i> / to a prynce of +high<i>e</i> degre,</p> +<p>þat enioyeth<i>e</i> to enforme & teche / all<i>e</i> þo thatt +wille thrive & thee,</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Of suche thyng<i>es</i> as her<i>e</i>-aft<i>ur</i> shall<i>e</i> be +shewed by my diligence</p> +<p>To them þat nought Can / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owt gret exsperience;</p> +<p>Therfor<i>e</i> yf any mañ þ<i>a</i>t y mete with<i>e</i>, þat for +fawt of necligence,</p> +<p>y wyll<i>e</i> hym enforme & teche, for hurtyng<i>e</i> of my +Conscience.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +To teche vertew and co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i>, me thynketh hit +charitable,</p> +<p>for moche youth<i>e</i> in co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i> / is bareñ & +full<i>e</i> vnable. (l. 3-9.)</p> +</div> + +<p>At the end of his Boke he gives us a few more details about himself +and his work in life:</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxi</span> +<a name="pagelxxi" id="pagelxxi"> </a> +<!-- png 089 --> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>Now good soñ, y haue shewed the / & brought þe in vre,</p> +<p>to know þe Curtesie of court / & these þow may take in +cur<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>In pantry / botery / or celler<i>e</i> / & in kervyng<i>e</i> +a-for<i>e</i> a sovereyn<i>e</i> demewr<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>A sewer / or a m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i>: in þes science / y suppose ye +byñ sewr<i>e</i>,</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Which in my dayes y lernyd with<i>e</i> a prynce full<i>e</i> +royall<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>with whom̅ vscher<i>e</i> in chambur was y, & m<i>er</i>shalle +also in hall<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>vnto whom̅ all<i>e</i> þese officer<i>es</i> for<i>e</i>seid / þey +eu<i>er</i> ente<i>n</i>de shall<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Evir to fulfill<i>e</i> my co<i>m</i>maundement wheñ þat y to þem +call<i>e</i>:</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +For we may allow & dissalow / our<i>e</i> office is þe cheeff</p> +<p>In celler<i>e</i> & spicery / & the Cooke, be he +looth<i>e</i> or leeff. (l. 1173-82.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Further on, at line 1211, he says,</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>“Moor<i>e</i> of þis co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i> y Cast not me to +contreve:</p> +<p>my tyme is not to tary, hit drawest fast to eve.</p> +<p>þis tretyse þat y haue entitled, if it ye entende to +p<i>re</i>ve,</p> +<p>y assayed me self in youth<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outeñ any +greve.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +while y was yong<i>e</i> y-nough<i>e</i> & lusty in dede,</p> +<p>y enioyed þese maters foreseid / & to lerne y toke good hede;</p> +<p>but croked age hath<i>e</i> co<i>m</i>pelled me / & leue court y +must nede.</p> +<p>þerfor<i>e</i>, son<i>e</i>, assay thy self / & god shall<i>e</i> +be þy spede.”</p> +</div> + +<p>And again, at line 1227,</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>“Now, good soñ, thy self, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> other þ<i>a</i>t +shall<i>e</i> þe succede,</p> +<p>which<i>e</i> þus boke of nurtur<i>e</i> shall<i>e</i> note / lerne, +& ou<i>er</i> rede,</p> +<p>pray for the sowle of Iohñ Russell<i>e</i>, þat god do hym mede,</p> +<p>Som tyme s<i>er</i>uaunde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> duke vmfrey, <span class="texttag">duc</span> of Glowcet<i>ur</i> in dede.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +For þat prynce pereles prayeth<i>e</i> / & for suche +other mo,</p> +<p>þe sowle of my wife / my fadur and modir also,</p> +<p>vn-to Mary modyr and mayd / she fende us from owr<i>e</i> foe,</p> +<p>and bryng<i>e</i> vs all<i>e</i> to blis wheñ we shall<i>e</i> hens +goo. <b>AMEN</b>.”</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>duc</i>] The <i>duc</i> has a red stroke through it, probably to cut +it out.</p> +</div> + +<p>As to his Boke, besides what is quoted above, John Russell says,</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>Go forth<i>e</i> lytell<i>e</i> boke, and lowly þow me +co<i>m</i>mende</p> +<p>vnto all<i>e</i> yong<i>e</i> gentilmeñ / þ<i>a</i>t lust to lerne or +entende,</p> +<p>and specially to þem þat han exsperience, p<i>ra</i>yng<i>e</i> þe[m] +to amend<i>e</i></p> +<p>and correcte þat is amysse, þer<i>e</i> as y fawte or offende.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +And if so þat any be founde / as þrouȝ myñ necligence,</p> +<p>Cast þe cawse oñ my copy / rude / & bar<i>e</i> of eloquence,</p> +<p>which<i>e</i> to d<i>ra</i>we out [I] haue do my besy diligence,</p> +<p>redily to reforme hit / by resoñ and bettur sentence.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +As for ryme or resoñ, þe for<i>e</i>wryter was not to blame,</p> +<p>For as he founde hit aforne hym̅, so wrote he þe same,</p> +<p>and þaugh<i>e</i> he or y in our<i>e</i> mater<i>e</i> digres or +degrade,</p> +<p>blame neithur of vs / For we neuyr<i>e</i> hit made;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxii</span> +<a name="pagelxxii" id="pagelxxii"> </a> +<!-- png 090 --> + +<p class="stanza"> +Symple as y had insight / somwhat þe ryme y correcte;</p> +<p>blame y cowde no mañ / y haue no persone suspecte.</p> +<p>Now, good god, graunt vs grace / our<i>e</i> sowles neu<i>er</i> to +Infecte!</p> +<p>þañ may we regne in þi regiou<i>n</i> / et<i>er</i>nally +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thyne electe. (l. 1235-50.)</p> +</div> + +<p>If John Russell was the writer of the Epilogue quoted above, lines +1235-50, then it would seem that in this Treatise he only corrected and +touched up some earlier Book of Norture which he had used in his youth, +and which, if Sloane 2027 be not its original, may be still extant in +its primal state in Mr Arthur Davenport’s MS., “How to serve a Lord,” +<i>said</i> to be of the fourteenth century<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_5" id="pref_russ_tag_5" href="#pref_russ_note_5">5</a>, and now supposed to be stowed away in a +hayloft with the owner’s other books, awaiting the rebuilding and +fitting of a fired house. I only hope this MS. may prove to be +Russell’s original, as Mr Davenport has most kindly promised to let me +copy and print it for the Society. Meantime it is possible to consider +John Russell’s Book of Norture as his own. For early poets and writers +of verse seem to have liked this fiction of attributing their books to +other people, and it is seldom that you find them acknowledging that +they have imagined their Poems on their own heads, as Hampole has it in +his <i>Pricke of Conscience</i>, p. 239, l. 8874 (ed. Morris, +Philol. Soc.). Even Mr Tennyson makes believe that Everard Hall wrote +his <i>Morte d’ Arthur</i>, and some Leonard his <i>Golden +Year</i>. On the other hand, the existence of the two Sloane MSS. is +more consistent with Russell’s own statement (if it is his own, and not +his adapter’s in the Harleian MS.) that he did not write his Boke +himself, but only touched up another man’s. Desiring to let every reader +judge for himself on this point, I shall try to print in a separate +text<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_6" id="pref_russ_tag_6" +href="#pref_russ_note_6">6</a>, for convenience of comparison, the +Sloane MS. 1315, which differs most from Russell, and which the Keeper +of the MSS. at the British Museum considers rather earlier (ab. 1440-50 +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>) than the MS. of Russell (ab. +1460-70 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>), while of the earliest +of the three, Sloane MS. 2027 (ab. 1430-40 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>), the nearer to Russell in phraseology, +I shall give a collation of all important variations. If any reader +of the +<span class="pagenum">lxxiii</span> +<a name="pagelxxiii" id="pagelxxiii"> </a> +<!-- png 091 --> +present text compares the Sloanes with it, he will find the subject +matter of all three alike, except in these particulars:</p> + +<table class="names" summary="manuscripts compared"> +<col> +<col class="leftline" width="50%"> +<tr class="space"> +<td class="center">Sloane 1315.</td> +<td class="center">Sloane 2027.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Omits lines 1-4 of Russell.</p></td> +<td><p>Contains these lines.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Inserts after l. 48 of R. a passage about behaviour which it +nearly repeats, where Russell puts it, at l. 276, <i>Symple +Condicions</i>.</p></td> +<td><p>Inserts and omits as Sl. 1315 does, but the wording is often +different.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Omits Russell’s stanza, l. 305-8, about ‘these cuttid galauntes +with their codware.’</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Omits a stanza, l. 319-24, p. 21.</p></td> +<td><p>Contains this stanza (fol. 42, b.).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Contracts R.’s chapter on Fumositees, p. 23-4.</p></td> +<td><p>Contracts the Fumositees too (fol. 45 and back).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Omits R.’s <i>Lenvoy</i>, under Fried Metes, +p. 33-4.</p></td> +<td><p>Has one verse of <i>Lenvoy</i> altered (fol. 45 b.).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Transfers R.’s chapters on <i>Sewes on Fische Dayes</i> and +<i>Sawcis for Fishe</i>, l. 819-54, p. 55-9, to the end of his +chapter on <i>Kervyng of Fishe</i>, l. 649, p. 45.</p></td> +<td><p>Transfers as Sl. 1315 does (see fol. 48).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Gives different Soteltes (or Devices at the end of each course), +and omits Russell’s description of his four of the Four Seasons, p. +51-4; and does not alter the metre of the lines describing the Dinners +as he does, p. 50-5.</p></td> +<td><p>Differs from R., nearly as Sl. 1315 does.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Winds up at the end of the <i>Bathe or Stewe</i>, l. 1000, +p. 69, R., with two stanzas of peroration. As there is no +<i>Explicit</i>, the MS. may be incomplete, but the next page is +blank.</p></td> +<td><p>Has 3 winding-up stanzas, as if about to end as Sloane 1315 does, +but yet goes on (omitting the <i>Bathe Medicinable</i>) with the +<i>Vssher and</i> <i>Marshalle</i>, R. p. 69, and ends suddenly, at +l. 1062, p. 72, R., in the middle of the chapter.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>In occasional length of line, in words and rhymes, Sloane 1315 +differs far more from Russell than Sloane 2027, which has Russell’s long +lines and rhymes throughout, so far as a hurried examination shows.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxiv</span> +<a name="pagelxxiv" id="pagelxxiv"> </a> +<!-- png 092 --> +<p>But the variations of both these Sloane MSS. are to me more like +those from an original MS. of which our Harleian Russell is a copy, than +of an original which Russell altered. Why should the earliest Sloane +2027 start with</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>“An vsschere .y. am / as ye may se : to a prynce Of hygh<i>e</i> +degre”</p> +</div> + +<p>if in its original the name of the prince was not stated at the end, +as Russell states it, to show that he was not gammoning his readers? Why +does Sloane 1315 omit lines in some of its stanzas, and words in some of +its lines, that the Harleian Russell enables us to fill up? Why does it +too make its writer refer to the pupil’s lord and sovereign, if in its +original the author did not clench his teaching by asserting, as Russell +does, that he had served one? This Sloane 1315 may well have been copied +by a man like Wynkyn de Worde, who wished not to show the real writer of +the treatise. On the whole, I incline to believe that John +Russell’s Book of Norture was written by him, and that either the +Epilogue to it was a fiction of his, or was written by the superintender +of the particular copy in the Harleian MS. 4011, Russell’s own work +terminating with the <i>Amen!</i> after line 1234.</p> + +<p>But whether we consider Russell’s Boke another’s, or as in the main +his own,—allowing that in parts he may have used previous pieces +on the subjects he treats of, as he has used <i>Stans Puer</i> (or its +original) in his <i>Symple Condicions</i>, <a class="external" href="#nurture_condicions">l. 277-304</a>,—if we ask +what the Boke contains, the answer is, that it is a complete Manual for +the Valet, Butler, Footman, Carver, Taster, Dinner-arranger, +Hippocras-maker, Usher and Marshal of the Nobleman of the time when the +work was written, the middle of the fifteenth century.—For I take +the date of the composition of the work to be somewhat earlier than that +of the MS. it is here printed from, and suppose Humphrey Duke of +Gloucester, “imprisoned and murdered 1447,” to have been still alive +when his Marshal penned it.—Reading it, we see “The Good Duke” +rise and dress<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_7" id="pref_russ_tag_7" href="#pref_russ_note_7">7</a>, go to Chapel and +meals, entertain at feasts in Hall, then undress and retire to rest; we +hear how his head was combed with an ivory comb, his stomacher warmed, +his petycote put on, his slippers brown as the waterleech got ready, his +privy-seat +<span class="pagenum">lxxv</span> +<a name="pagelxxv" id="pagelxxv"> </a> +<!-- png 093 --> +prepared, and his urinal kept in waiting; how his bath was made, his +table laid, his guests arranged, his viands carved, and his salt +smoothed<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_8" id="pref_russ_tag_8" +href="#pref_russ_note_8">8</a>; we are told how nearly all the birds +that fly, the animals that walk the earth, the fish that swim in river +and sea, are food for the pot: we hear of dishes strange to us<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_9" id="pref_russ_tag_9" href="#pref_russ_note_9">9</a>, beaver’s tail, osprey, brewe, venprides, +whale, swordfish, seal, torrentyne, pety perveis or perneis, and gravell +of beef<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_10" id="pref_russ_tag_10" href="#pref_russ_note_10">10</a>. Bills of fare for +flesh and fish days are laid before us; admired Sotiltees or Devices are +described; and he who cares to do so may fancy for himself the Duke and +all his brilliant circle feasting in Hall, John Russell looking on, and +taking care that all goes right.<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_11" id="pref_russ_tag_11" href="#pref_russ_note_11">11</a> I am not going to try my hand at the +sketch, as I do not write for men in the depths of that deducated +Philistinism which lately made a literary man say to one of our members +on his printing a book of the 15th century, “Is it possible that you +care how those barbarians, our ancestors, lived?” If any one who takes +up this tract, will not read it through, the loss is his; those who do +work at it will gladly acknowledge their gain. That it is worthy of the +<span class="pagenum">lxxvi</span> +<a name="pagelxxvi" id="pagelxxvi"> </a> +<!-- png 094 --> +attention of all to whose ears tidings of Early England come with +welcome sound across the wide water of four hundred years, +I unhesitatingly assert. That it has interested me, let the time +its notes have taken on this, a fresh subject to me, testify. If +any should object to the extent of them<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_12" id="pref_russ_tag_12" href="#pref_russ_note_12">12</a>, or to any words in them that may offend his +ear, let him excuse them for the sake of what he thinks rightly present. +There are still many subjects and words insufficiently illustrated in +the comments, and for the names <i>venprides</i> (<a class="external" +href="#nurture_line_820">l. 820</a>); <i>sprotis</i>, +(? sprats, as in Sloane 1315), and <i>torrentille</i> (<a class="external" href="#nurture_line_548">l. 548</a>); +almond <i>iardyne</i> (<a class="external" href="#nurture_line_744">l. 744</a>); ginger +<i>colombyne</i>, <i>valadyne</i>, and <i>maydelyne</i> (<a class="external" href="#nurture_line_132">l. 132</a>-3); +leche <i>dugard</i>, &c., I have not been able to find +meanings. Explanations and helps I shall gladly receive, in the hope +that they may appear in another volume of like kind for which I trust +soon to find more MSS. Of other MSS. of like kind I also ask for +notice.</p> + +<p>The reason for reprinting Wynkyn de Worde’s <i>Boke of Keruynge</i>, +which I had not at first thought of, was because its identity of phrase +and word with many parts of Russell,—a thing which came on me with +a curious feeling of surprise as I turned over the leaves,—made it +certain that de Worde either abstracted in prose Russell’s MS., chopping +off his lines’ tails,—adding also bits here<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_13" id="pref_russ_tag_13" href="#pref_russ_note_13">13</a>, leaving out others there,—or else +that both writers copied a common original. The most cursory perusal +will show this to be the case. It was not alone by happy chance that +when Russell had said</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>O Fruture viant / Fruter sawge byñ good / bett<i>ur</i> is +Frut<i>ur</i> powche;</p> +<p>Appulle fruture / is good hoot / but þe cold ye not towche +(l. 501-2)</p> +</div> + +<p>Wynkyn de Worde delivered himself of</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>“Fruyter vaunte, fruyter say be good; better is fruyter pouche;</p> +<p>apple fruyters ben good good hote / and all colde fruters, touche</p> +<p>not,”</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxvii</span> +<a name="pagelxxvii" id="pagelxxvii"> </a> +<!-- png 095 --> +<p>altering <i>not’s</i> place to save the rhyme; or that when Russell +had said of the Crane</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>The Crane is a fowle / that strong<i>e</i> is w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> to +far<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>þe whyng<i>es</i> ye areyse / full<i>e</i> large evyñ +thar<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>of hyr<i>e</i> trompe in þe brest / loke þ<i>a</i>t ye beware</p> +</div> + +<p>Wynkyn de Worde directed his Carver thus: “A crane, reyse the wynges +fyrst, & beware of the trumpe in his brest.” Let any one compare the +second and third pages of Wynkyn de Worde’s text with lines 48-137 of +Russell, and he will make up his mind that the old printer was either +one of the most barefaced plagiarists that ever lived, or that the same +original was before him and Russell too. May Mr Davenport’s hayloft, or +some learned antiquarian, soon decide the alternative for us! The +question was too interesting a “Curiosity of Literature” not to be laid +before our Members, and therefore <i>The Boke of Keruynge</i> was +reprinted—from the British Museum copy of the second edition of +1513—with added side-notes and stops, and the colophon as part of +the title.</p> + +<p>Then came the necessary comparison of Russell’s Boke with the <i>Boke +of Curtasye</i>, edited by Mr Halliwell from the Sloane MS. 1986 for the +Percy Society. Contrasts had to be made with it, in parts, many times in +a page; the tract was out of print and probably in few Members’ hands; +it needed a few corrections<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_14" id="pref_russ_tag_14" href="#pref_russ_note_14">14</a>, and was worthy +of a thousand times wider circulation than it had had; therefore a new +edition from the MS. was added to this volume. Relying on Members +reading it for themselves, I have not in the notes indicated all +the points of coincidence and difference between this Boke and +Russell’s. It is of wider scope than Russell’s, takes in the duties of +outdoor officers and servants as well as indoor, and maybe those of a +larger household; it has also a <i>fyrst Boke</i> on general manners, +and a <i>Second Book</i> on what to learn at school, how to behave at +church, &c., but it does not go into the great detail as to Meals +and Dress which is the special value of Russell’s Boke, nor is it +associated with a writer who tells us something of himself, or a noble +who in all our English Middle Age has so bright a name on which we can +look back +<span class="pagenum">lxxviii</span> +<a name="pagelxxviii" id="pagelxxviii"> </a> +<!-- png 096 --> +as “good Duke Humphrey.” This personality adds an interest to work that +anonymity and its writings of equal value can never have; so that we may +be well content to let the <i>Curtasye</i> be used in illustration of +the <i>Nurture</i>. The MS. of the <i>Curtasye</i> is about 1460 <span +class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, Mr Bond says. I have dated it +wrongly on the half-title.</p> + +<p><i>The Booke of Demeanor</i> was “such a little one” that I was +tempted to add it to mark the general introduction of handkerchiefs. +Having printed it, arose the question, ‘Where did it come from?’ No +Weste’s <i>Schoole of Vertue</i> could I find in catalogues, or by +inquiring of the Duke of Devonshire, Mr W. C. Hazlitt, at the +Bodleian, &c. Seager’s <i>Schoole of Vertue</i> was the only book +that turned up, and this I accordingly reprinted, as Weste’s Booke of +Demeanor seemed to be little more than an abstract of the first four +Chapters of Seager cut down and rewritten. We must remember that books +of this kind, which we look on as sources of amusement, as more or less +of a joke, were taken seriously by the people they were written for. +That <i>The Schoole of Vertue</i>, for instance—whether Seager’s +or Weste’s—was used as a regular school-book for boys, let Io. +Brinsley witness. In his <i>Grammar Schoole</i> of 1612, pp. 17, +18, he enumerates the “Bookes to bee first learned of children”:— +1. their Abcie, and Primer. 2. The Psalms in metre, ‘because +children wil learne that booke with most readinesse and delight through +the running of the metre, as it is found by experience. 3. Then the +Testament.’ 4. “If any require any other little booke meet to enter +children; <i>the Schoole of Vertue</i> is one of the principall, and +easiest for the first enterers, being full of precepts of ciuilitie, and +such as children will soone learne and take a delight in, thorow the +roundnesse of the metre, as was sayde before of the singing Psalmes: And +after it <i>the Schoole of good manners</i><a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_15" id="pref_russ_tag_15" href="#pref_russ_note_15">15</a>, called, <i>the new Schoole of Vertue</i>, +leading the childe as by the hand, in the way of all good manners.”</p> + +<p>I make no apology for including reprints of these little-known books +in an Early English Text. <i>Qui s’excuse s’accuse</i>; and if these +Tracts do not justify to any reader their own appearance here, +I believe the fault is not theirs.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxix</span> +<a name="pagelxxix" id="pagelxxix"> </a> +<!-- png 097 --> +<p>A poem on minding what you say, which Mr Aldis Wright has kindly sent +me, some Maxims on Behaviour, &c., which all end in <i>-ly</i>, and +Roger Ascham’s Advice to his brother-in-law on entering a nobleman’s +service, follow, and then the Poems which suggested the <i>Forewords</i> +on Education in Early England, and have been partly noticed in them, p. +i-iv. I have only to say of the first, <i>The Babees Boke</i>, that +I have not had time to search for its Latin original, or other copies of +the text. Its specialty is its attributing so high birth to the Bele +Babees whom it addresses, and its appeal to Lady Facetia to help its +writer. Of the short alphabetic poems that follow,—<i>The A B C of +Aristotle</i>,—copies occur elsewhere; and that in the Harleian +Manuscript 1304, which has a different introduction, I hope to +print in the companion volume to this, already alluded to. +<i>Vrbanitatis</i>, I was glad to find, because of the mention of +<i>the booke of urbanitie</i> in Edward the Fourth’s Liber Niger (p. ii. +above), as we thus know what the Duke of Norfolk of “Flodden Field” was +taught in his youth as to his demeanings, how mannerly he should eat and +drink, and as to his communication and other forms of court. He was not +to spit or snite before his Lord the King, or wipe his nose on the +table-cloth. The next tracts, <i>The Lytylle Chyldrenes Lytil Boke or +Edyllys Be</i><a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_16" id="pref_russ_tag_16" href="#pref_russ_note_16">16</a> (a title made +up from the text) and <i>The Young Children’s Book</i>, are differing +versions of one set of maxims, and are printed opposite one another for +contrast sake. <i>The Lytil Boke</i> was printed from a later text, and +with an interlinear French version, by Wynkyn de Worde in ‘<i>Here +begynneth a lytell treatyse for to lerne Englisshe and Frensshe</i>.’ +This will be printed by Mr Wheatley in his Collection of Early Treatises +on Grammar for the Society, as the copy in the Grenville Library in the +Brit. Mus. is the only one known. Other copies of this Lytil Boke are at +Edinburgh, Cambridge, and Oxford. Of two of these Mr David Laing and Mr +Henry Bradshaw have kindly given me collations, which are printed at the +end of this Preface. Of the last Poem, <i>Stans Puer ad Mensam</i>, +attributed to Lydgate— +<span class="pagenum">lxxx</span> +<a name="pagelxxx" id="pagelxxx"> </a> +<!-- png 098 --> +as nearly everything in the first half of the 15th century was— I +have printed two copies, with collations from a third, the Jesus +(Cambridge) MS. printed by Mr Halliwell in <i>Reliquiæ Antiquæ</i>, v. +1, p. 156-8, and reprinted by Mr W. C. Hazlitt in his <i>Early +Popular Poetry</i>, ii. 23-8. Mr Hazlitt notices 3 other copies, in +Harl. MS. 4011, fol. 1, &c.; Lansdowne MS. 699; and Additional MS. +5467, which he collated for his text. There must be plenty more about +the country, as in Ashmole MS. 61, fol. 16, back, in the Bodleian.<a +class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_17" id="pref_russ_tag_17" href="#pref_russ_note_17">17</a> Of old printed editions Mr Hazlitt notes one +“from the press of Caxton, but the only copy known is imperfect. It was +printed two or three times by Wynkyn de Worde. Lowndes mentions two, +1518, 4to, and 1524, 4to; and in the public library at Cambridge there +is said by Hartshorne (<i>Book Rarities</i>, 156) to be a third without +date. It is also appended to the various impressions of the <i>Boke of +Nurture</i> by Hugh Rhodes.” This <i>Boke</i> has been reprinted for the +Early English Text Society, and its <i>Stans Puer</i> is Rhodes’s own +expansion of one of the shorter English versions of the original Latin<a +class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_18" id="pref_russ_tag_18" href="#pref_russ_note_18">18</a>.</p> + +<p>The woodcuts Messrs Virtue have allowed me to have copies of for a +small royalty, and they will help the reader to realize parts of the +text better than any verbal description. The cuts are not of course +equal to the beautiful early illuminations they are taken from, but they +are near enough for the present purpose. The dates of those from British +Museum MSS. are given on the authority of trustworthy officers of the +Manuscript Department. The dates of the non-Museum MSS. are copied from +Mr Wright’s text. The line of description under the cuts is also from Mr +Wright’s text, except in one instance where he had missed the fact of +the cut representing the Marriage Feast at Cana of Galilee, with its six +water-pots.</p> + +<p>The MS. of Russell is on thick folio paper, is written in a +close—and seemingly unprofessional—hand, fond of making +elaborate capitals to the initials of its titles, and thus occasionally +squeezing up into a corner the chief word of the title, because the +<i>T</i> of <i>The</i> preceding +<span class="pagenum">lxxxi</span> +<a name="pagelxxxi" id="pagelxxxi"> </a> +<!-- png 099 --> +has required so much room.<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_19" id="pref_russ_tag_19" href="#pref_russ_note_19">19</a> The MS. has been +read through by a corrector with a red pen, pencil, or brush, who has +underlined all the important words, touched up the capitals, and +evidently believed in the text. Perhaps the corrector, if not writer, +was Russell himself. I hope it was, for the old man must have +enjoyed emphasizing his precepts with those red scores; but then he +would hardly have allowed a space to remain blank in line 204, and have +left his Panter-pupil in doubt as to whether he should lay his “white +payne” on the left or right of his knives. Every butler, drill-serjeant, +and vestment-cleric, must feel the thing to be impossible. The corrector +was not John Russell.</p> + +<p>To all those gentlemen who have helped me in the explanations of +words, &c.,—Mr Gillett, Dr Günther, Mr Atkinson, Mr Skeat, Mr +Cockayne, Mr Gibbs, Mr Way, the Hon. G. P. Marsh—and to Mr +E. Brock, the most careful copier of the MS., my best thanks are +due, and are hereby tendered. Would that thanks of any of us now +profiting by their labours could reach the ears of that prince of +Dictionary-makers, Cotgrave, of Frater Galfridus, Palsgrave, Hexham, +Philipps, and the rest of the lexicographers who enable us to understand +the records of the past! Would too that an adequate expression of +gratitude could reach the ears of the lost Nicolas, and of Sir Frederic +Madden, for their carefully indexed Household Books,—to be +contrasted with the unwieldy mass and clueless mazes of the Antiquaries’ +<i>Household Ordinances</i>, the two volumes of the Roxburghe <i>Howard +Household Books</i>, and Percy’s <i>Northumberland Household Book<a +class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_20" id="pref_russ_tag_20" href="#pref_russ_note_20">20</a>!</i>—They will be spared the pains of +the special place of torment reserved for editors who turn out their +books without glossary or index. May that be their sufficient +reward!</p> + +<p class="inset"> +3, <i>St George’s Square</i>, N.W.<br> +16 <i>Dec.</i>, 1866.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxxii</span> +<a name="pagelxxxii" id="pagelxxxii"> </a> +<!-- png 100 --> +<h5><a name="humphrey" id="humphrey"> +HUMPHREY, DUKE OF GLOUCESTER.</a></h5> + +<p>Mr C. H. Pearson has referred me to a most curious treatise on the +state of Duke Humphrey’s body and health in 1404 (that is, 1424, says +Hearne), by Dr Gilbert Kymer, his physician, part of which (chapters 3 +and 19, with other pieces) was printed by Hearne in the appendix to his +<i>Liber Niger</i>, v. ii. p. 550 (<i>ed. alt.</i>), from a +MS. then in Sir Hans Sloane’s Collection, and now <i>Sloane</i> 4 +in the British Museum. It begins at p. 127 or folio 63, and by way +of giving the reader a notion of its contents, I add here a copy of +the first page of the MS.</p> + +<div class="inset"> + +<p>Incipit dietariu<i>m</i> de sanitatis custodia +p<i>re</i>inclitissi<i>m</i>o p<i>r</i>incipi ac metuendissimo +d<i>omi</i>no, d<i>omi</i>no humfrido, duci Gloucestrie, Alijsq<i>ue</i> +p<i>re</i>claris titulis insignito, Sc<i>r</i>iptu<i>m</i> & +co<i>m</i>pilatu<i>m</i>, p<i>er</i> ven<i>er</i>abile<i>m</i> +doctore<i>m</i>, Magistru<i>m</i> Gilbertum Kymer, Medicinar<i>um</i> +p<i>ro</i>fessorem, arciu<i>m</i> ac ph<i>ilosoph</i>ie +Mag<i>ist</i>r<i>u</i>m & in legib<i>us</i> bacallariu<i>m</i> +p<i>re</i>libati p<i>r</i>incipis phisicu<i>m</i>, Cui<i>us</i> <span +class="texttag">dietarij +co<i>l</i>l<i>e</i>cc<i>i</i>o<i>n</i>em</span> (?) dilucidancia & +effectu<i>m</i> viginti sex existu<i>n</i>t capit<i>u</i>la, +q<i>u</i>or<i>um</i> <i>con</i>seque<i>n</i>t<i>er</i> hic ordo +ponit<i>ur</i> <span class="texttag">Rubricar<i>um</i></span>.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>dietarij colleccionem</i>] The letters are to me more like cł, or +c<i>ol</i>l than anything else, but I am not sure what they are.<br> +<i>Rubricarum</i>] The MS. runs on without breaks.</p> +<p class="notation"> +The first note marker is printed at the end of “dietarij”, but must be +intended for the following word.</p> + +<p class="allclear"> +Cap<i>itulu</i>m 1<sup>m</sup> est ep<i>isto</i>la de laude +sanitat<i>is</i> & vtilitate bone diete.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 2<sup>m</sup> est de illis in quib<i>us</i> +consistit dieta.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 3<sup>m</sup> de toci<i>us</i> co[r]p<i>or</i>is +& p<i>ar</i>ciu<i>m</i> disposi<i>ci</i>one.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 4<sup>m</sup> est de Ayer<i>e</i> eligendo & +corrigendo.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 5<sup>m</sup> de q<i>ua</i>ntitate cibi & potus +sumenda.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 6<sup>m</sup> de ordine sumendi cibu<i>m</i> & +potu<i>m</i>.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 7<sup>m</sup> de temp<i>or</i>e sumendi cibu<i>m</i> +& potu<i>m</i>.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 8<sup>m</sup> de q<i>ua</i>ntitate cibi & potus +sumendoru<i>m</i>.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 9<sup>m</sup> de pane eligendo.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 10<sup>m</sup> de gen<i>er</i>ib<i>us</i> +potagior<i>um</i> sumendis.</p> +<span class="pagenum">lxxxiii</span> +<a name="pagelxxxiii" id="pagelxxxiii"> </a> +<!-- png 101 --> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 11<sup>m</sup> de carnib<i>us</i> vtendis & +vitandis.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 12<sup>m</sup> de ouis sumendis.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 13<sup>m</sup> de lacticinijs vtend<i>is</i>.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 14<sup>m</sup> de piscib<i>us</i> vtendis & +vitand<i>is</i>.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 15<sup>m</sup> de fructib<i>us</i> sumendis.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 16<sup>m</sup> de co<i>n</i>dime<i>n</i>t<i>is</i> +& sp<i>eci</i>ebus vtendis.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 17<sup>m</sup> de potu eligendo.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 18<sup>m</sup> de regimi<i>n</i>e +replec<i>i</i>o<i>n</i>is & inanic<i>i</i>onis.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 19<sup>m</sup> de vsu coitus.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 20<sup>m</sup> de excercic<i>io</i> & +q<i>u</i>iete.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 21<sup>m</sup> de sompni & vigilie +regimi<i>n</i>e.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 22<sup>m</sup> de vsu acc<i>ide</i>nciu<i>m</i> +anime.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 23<sup>m</sup> de bona <i>con</i>suetudi<i>n</i>e +diete tenenda.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 24<sup>m</sup> de medic<i>in</i>is vicissim +vtendis.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 25<sup>m</sup> de adu<i>er</i>sis nature infortunijs +p<i>re</i>cauendis.</p> +<p>Cap<i>itulu</i>m 26<sup>m</sup> de deo semp<i>er</i> colendo vt +sanitate<i>m</i> melius tueatur.</p> +</div> + +<p>Sharon Turner (<i>Hist. of England</i>, v. 498, note 35) says +euphemistically of the part of this treatise printed by Hearne, that “it +implies how much the Duke had injured himself by the want of +self-government. It describes him in his 45th year, as having a +rheumatic affection in his chest, with a daily morning cough. It +mentions that his nerves had become debilitated by the vehemence of his +laborious exercises, and from an immoderate frequency of pleasurable +indulgences. It advises him to avoid north winds after a warm sun, sleep +after dinner, exercise after society, frequent bathings, strong wine, +much fruit, the flesh of swine, and the weakening gratification to which +he was addicted. The last (chapter), ‘De Deo semper colendo, ut +sanitatem melius tueatur,’ is worthy the recollection of us all.” It is +too late to print the MS. in the present volume, but in a future one it +certainly ought to appear.</p> + +<p>Of Duke Humphrey’s character and proceedings after the Pope’s bull +had declared his first marriage void, Sharon Turner further says:</p> + +<p>“Gloucester had found the rich dowry of Jacqueline wrenched from his +grasp, and, from so much opposition, placed beyond his attaining, and he +had become satiated with her person. One of her +<span class="pagenum">lxxxiv</span> +<a name="pagelxxxiv" id="pagelxxxiv"> </a> +<!-- png 102 --> +attendants, Eleanor Cobham, had affected his variable fancy; and tho’ +her character had not been spotless before, and she had surrendered her +honour to his own importunities, yet he suddenly married her, exciting +again the wonder of the world by his conduct, as in that proud day every +nobleman felt that he was acting incongruously with the blood he had +sprung from. His first wedlock was impolitic, and this unpopular; and +both were hasty and self-willed, and destructive of all reputation for +that dignified prudence, which his elevation to the regency of the most +reflective and enlightened nation in Europe demanded for its example and +its welfare. This injudicious conduct announced too much imperfection of +intellect, not to give every advantage to his political rival the bishop +of Winchester, his uncle, who was now struggling for the command of the +royal mind, and for the predominance in the English government. He and +the duke of Exeter were the illegitimate brothers of Henry the Fourth, +and had been first intrusted with the king’s education. The internal +state of the country, as to its religious feelings and interest, +contributed to increase the differences which now arose between the +prelate and his nephew, who is described by a contemporary as sullying +his cultivated understanding and good qualities, by an ungoverned and +diseasing love of unbecoming pleasures. It is strange, that in so old a +world of the same continuing system always repeating the same lesson, +any one should be ignorant that the dissolute vices are the destroyers +of personal health, comfort, character, and permanent influence.”<a +class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_21" id="pref_russ_tag_21" href="#pref_russ_note_21">21</a></p> + +<p>After narrating Duke Humphrey’s death, Turner thus sums up his +character:—</p> + +<p>“The duke of Gloucester, amid failings that have been before alluded +to, has acquired the pleasing epithet of The Good; and has been extolled +for his promotion of the learned or deserving clergy. Fond of +literature, and of literary conversation, he patronized men of talent +and erudition. One is called, in a public record, his poet and orator; +and Lydgate prefaces one of his voluminous works, with a panegyric upon +him, written during the king’s absence on his French +<span class="pagenum">lxxxv</span> +<a name="pagelxxxv" id="pagelxxxv"> </a> +<!-- png 103 --> +coronation, which presents to us the qualities for which, while he was +living, the poet found him remarkable, and thought fit to commend +him.”</p> + +<p>These verses are in the Royal MS. 18 D 4, in the British Museum, and +are here printed from the MS., not from Turner:—</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<span class="sidenote"> +[Fol. 4.]</span> +<p>Eek in this lond—I dar afferme a thyng—</p> +<p>Ther is a prince Ful myhty of puyssau<i>n</i>ce,</p> +<p>A kynges sone, vncle to the kynge</p> +<p>Henry the sexte which is now i<i>n</i> frau<i>n</i>ce,</p> +<p>And is lieftenant, & hath the gouernau<i>n</i>ce</p> +<p>Off our breteyne; thoruh was discrecion</p> +<p>He hath conserued in this regiou<i>n</i></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Duryng his tyme off ful <span class="texttag">hih<i>e</i></span> +prudence</p> +<p>Pes and quiete, and sustened <span class="texttag">riht<i>e</i></span>.</p> +<p>Ȝit natwithstandyng his noble prouyde<i>n</i>ce</p> +<p>He is in deede prouyd a good knyht,</p> +<p>Eied as argus with reson and forsiht;</p> +<p>Off hih<i>e</i> lectrure I dar eek off hym telle,</p> +<p>And treuli deeme that he doth<i>e</i> excelle</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>hih<em>e, </em>riht<em>e</em></i>] These <i>e</i>-s represent the +strokes through the <i>h</i>-s.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +In vndirstondyng all othir of his age,</p> +<p>And hath gret Ioie with clerkis to co<i>m</i>mune;</p> +<p>And no man is mor expert off language.</p> +<p>Stable in studie alwei he doth contune,</p> +<p>Settyng a side alle <span class="texttag">chau<i>n</i>ges</span> of +fortune;</p> +<p>And wher he loueth<i>e</i>, ȝiff I schal nat tarie,</p> +<p>With<i>e</i>oute cause ful loth<i>e</i> he is to varie.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>chau<em>n</em>ges</i>] MS. thau<i>n</i>ges.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Duc off Gloucestre men this prince calle;</p> +<p>And natwithstandyng his staat & dignyte,</p> +<p>His corage neuer doth appalle</p> +<p>To studie in bookis off antiquite;</p> +<p>Therin he hath<i>e</i> so gret felicite</p> +<p>Vertuousli hym silff to ocupie,</p> +<p>Off vicious slouth to haue the maistrie.<a class="tag" name="pref_russ_tag_22" id="pref_russ_tag_22" href="#pref_russ_note_22">22</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxxvi</span> +<a name="pagelxxxvi" id="pagelxxxvi"> </a> +<!-- png 104 --> + +<p class="stanza"> +And with his prudence & wit his manheed</p> +<p>Trouthe to susteyne he fauour set a side;</p> +<p>And hooli chirche meyntenyng in dede,</p> +<p>That in this land no lollard dar abide.</p> +<p>As verrai support, vpholdere, & eek guyde,</p> +<p>Spareth non, but maketh<i>e</i> hym silff strong</p> +<p>To punysshe alle tho that do the chirch<i>e</i> wrong.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Thus is he both manly & eek wise,</p> +<p>Chose of god to be his owne knyht<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>And off o thynge he hath a <span class="texttag">synguler</span> +price,</p> +<p>That heretik dar non comen in his siht<i>e</i>.</p> +<p>In cristes feith<i>e</i> he stant so hol vpriht,</p> +<p>Off hooli chirche defence and [c]hampion</p> +<p>To chastise alle that do therto treson.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>synguler</i>] The <i>l</i> is rubbed.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +And to do plesance to oure lord ih<i>es</i>u</p> +<p>He <span class="texttag">studieht</span> eu<i>er</i>e to haue +intelligence.</p> +<p>Reedinge off bookis bringth<i>e</i> in vertu,—</p> +<p>Vices excludyng, slouthe & necligence,—</p> +<p>Maketh<i>e</i> a prince to haue experience</p> +<p>To know hym silff i<i>n</i> many sundry wise,</p> +<p>Wher he trespaseth, his errour to chastise.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>studieht</i>] So in MS.</p> +</div> + +<p>After mentioning that the duke had considered the book of ‘Boccasio, +on the Fall of Princes,’ he adds, ‘and he gave me commandment, that I +should, after my conning, this book translate him to do plesance.’ MS. +18 D 4.—Sharon Turner’s <i>History of England</i>, vol. vi. +pp. 55—7.</p> + +<hr class="mid"> + +<p class="smaller"> +P. S. When printing the 1513 edition of Wynkyn de Worde’s <i>Boke of +Keruynge</i>, I was not aware of the existence of a copy of the +earlier edition in the Cambridge University Library. Seeing this copy +afterwards named in Mr Hazlitt’s new catalogue, I asked a friend to +compare the present reprint with the first edition, and the result +follows.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxxvii</span> +<a name="pagelxxxvii" id="pagelxxxvii"> </a> +<!-- png 105 --> +<h5><a name="keruynge_first" id="keruynge_first"> +NOTE ON THE 1508 EDITION OF<br> +<i>The Boke of Keruynge</i>,</a></h5> + +<h6>BY THE REV. WALTER SKEAT, M.A.</h6> + +<p>The title-page of the older edition, of 1508, merely contains the +words, “¶ Here begynneth the boke of Keruynge;” and beneath them +is—as in the second edition of 1513—a picture of two ladies +and two gentlemen at dinner, with an attendant bringing a dish, two +servants at a side table, and a jester. The colophon tells us that it +was “Enprynted by wynkyn de worde at London in Flete strete at the sygne +of the sonne. The yere of our lorde M.CCCCC.VIII;” beneath which is +Wynkyn de Worde’s device, as in the second edition.</p> + +<p>The two editions resemble each other very closely, running page for +page throughout, and every folio in the one begins at the same place as +in the other. Thus the word “moche” is divided into mo-che in both +editions, the “-che” beginning Fol. A. ii. <i>b</i>. Neither is +altogether free from misprints, but these are not very numerous nor of +much importance. It may be observed that marks of contraction are hardly +ever used in the older edition, the word “y<sup>e</sup>” being written +“the” at length, and instead of “hãged” we find “hanged.” On the whole, +the first edition would seem to be the more carefully printed, but the +nature of the variations between them will be best understood by an +exact collation of the first two folios (pp. 151-3 of the present +edition), where the readings of the first edition are denoted by the +letter A. The only variations are these:—</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="manuscripts compared"> +<tr> +<td>P. 151.</td> +<td> +<p><i>lyft</i> that swanne] <i>lyfte</i> that swanne A (<i>a +misprint</i>).</p> +<p><i>frusshe</i> that chekyn] <i>fruche</i> that chekyn A.</p> +<p>thye all maner <i>of</i> small byrdes] A <i>omits</i> of.</p> +<p><i>fynne</i> that cheuen] <i>fyne</i> that cheuen A.</p> +<p><i>transsene</i> that ele] <i>trassene</i> that ele A.</p> +<p>Here <i>hendeth</i>, &c.] Here <i>endeth</i>, &c. A.</p> +<p><i>Butler</i>] Butteler A.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>P. 152,</td> +<td><p>l. 5. <i>tre</i>n<i>choures</i>] trenchours A.</p> +<p>l. 12. <i>ha</i>n<i>ged</i>] hanged A.</p> +<p>l. 15. <i>cannelles</i>] canelles A.</p> +<p>l. 18, 19. <i>y<sup>e</sup></i>] the (<i>in both +places</i>) A.</p> +<p>l. 20. <i>seasous</i>] seasons A.</p> +<p>l. 23. <i>after</i>] After A.</p> +<p>l. 27. <i>good</i>] goot A.</p> +<p>l. 30. <i>y<sup>e</sup></i>] the A.</p> +<p>l. 34. <i>modo</i>n] modon A.</p> +<p>l. 36. <i>sourayne</i>] souerayne A.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">lxxxviii</span> +<a name="pagelxxxviii" id="pagelxxxviii"> </a> +<!-- png 106 --> +P. 153.</td> +<td> +<p> <i>ye</i>] the A (<i>several times</i>).</p> +<p>l. 5. <i>wyll</i>] wyl A.</p> +<p>l. 9. <i>rede</i>] reed A. <i>reboyle</i>] reboyle not A.</p> +<p>l. 12. <i>the</i> reboyle] <i>they</i> reboyle A.</p> +<p>l. 17. <i>lessynge</i>] lesynge A.</p> +<p>l. 20. <i>ca</i>m<i>polet</i>] campolet A.</p> +<p>l. 21. <i>tyer</i>] tyerre A.</p> +<p>l. 22. <i>ypocras</i>] Ipocras A (<i>and in the next line, and +l.</i> 26).</p> +<p>l. 24. <i>gy</i>n<i>ger</i>] gynger A.</p> +<p>l. 27. <i>ren</i>] hange A.</p> +<p>l. 29. <i>your</i>] youre A.</p> +<p><i>In l.</i> 33, A <i>has</i> paradico, <i>as in the second +edition.</i></p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>It will be readily seen that these variations are chiefly in the +spelling, and of a trivial character. The only ones of any importance +are, on p. 151, <i>lyste</i> (which is a misprint) for <i>lyft</i>, +and <i>trassene</i> for <i>transsene</i> (cp. Fr. <i>transon</i>, +a truncheon, peece of, Cot.); on p. 152, <i>goot</i> for +<i>good</i> is well worth notice (if any meaning can be assigned to +<i>goot</i>), as the direction to beware of <i>good</i> strawberries is +not obvious; on p. 153, we should note <i>lesynge</i> for +<i>lessynge</i>, and <i>hange</i> for <i>ren</i>, the latter being an +improvement, though <i>ren</i> makes sense, as basins hung by cords on a +perch may, like curtains hung on a rod, be said to <i>run</i> on it. The +word <i>ren</i> was probably caught up from the line above it in +reprinting.</p> + +<p>The following corrections are also worth making, and are made on the +authority of the first edition:—</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="corrections"> +<tr> +<td>P. 155,</td> +<td> +<p>l. 10, <i>For</i> treachour <i>read</i> trenchour.</p> +<p>l. 23. <i>For</i> so <i>read</i> se.</p> +<p>l. 24. <i>For</i> se’ <i>read</i> se.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>P. 156,</td> +<td> +<p>l. 1. <i>ony</i>] on A.</p> +<p>l. 7. <i>For</i> it <i>read</i> is.</p> +<p>l. 15. <i>y<sup>e</sup> so</i>] and soo A. (<i>No doubt owing to +confusion between & and</i> y<sup>e</sup>.)</p> +<p>l. 16. <i>your</i>] you A.</p> +<p>l. 29. <i>For</i> bo <i>read</i> be.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>P. 157,</td> +<td><p>l. 20. <i>For</i> wich <i>read</i> with.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>P. 158,</td> +<td> +<p>l. 3. <i>For</i> fumosytces <i>read</i> fumosytees.</p> +<p>l. 7. <i>For</i> pygous <i>read</i> pynyons (whence it appears that +the <i>pinion</i>-bones, not <i>pigeon’s</i>-bones, are meant).</p> +<p>l. 25. The word “reyfe” is quite plain.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>P. 160, ll. 18, &c. There is some variation here; the first +edition has, after the word <i>souerayne</i>, the following:—“laye +trenchours before hym / yf he be a grete estate, lay fyue trenchours / +& he be of a lower degre, foure trenchours / & of an other +degre, thre trenchours,” &c. This is better; the second edition is +clearly wrong about <i>five</i> trenchers. This seems another error made +in reprinting, the words <i>lower degre</i> being wrongly repeated.</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="corrections"> +<tr> +<td>P. 161,</td> +<td><p>l. 6. It may be proper to note the first edition also has +<i>broche</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>P. 165,</td> +<td><p>l. 8. <i>For</i> for y<sup>e</sup> <i>read</i> for they.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">lxxxix</span> +<a name="pagelxxxix" id="pagelxxxix"> </a> +<!-- png 107 --> +</td> +<td><p>l. 27. <i>the</i>[<i>y</i>]; <i>in</i> A they <i>is printed in +full.</i></p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>P. 166,</td> +<td><p>l. 18. <i>For</i> raysyus <i>read</i> raysyns.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>P. 167,</td> +<td><p>l. 21. <i>For</i> slytee <i>read</i> slytte.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>P. 169,</td> +<td> +<p>ll. 10, 18. <i>carpentes</i>] carpettes A.</p> +<p>l. 14. <i>shall</i>] shake A.</p> +<p>l. 23. <i>blanked</i>] blanket A.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Nearly all the above corrections have already been made in the +side-notes. Only two of them are of any importance, viz. the +substitution of <i>pynyons</i> on p. 158, and the variation of +reading on p. 160; in the latter case perhaps neither edition seems +quite right, though the first edition is quite intelligible.</p> + +<p>In our Cambridge edition (see <a href="#keruyng_marshal">p. 170, l. 5</a>) this line about +the pope is carefully struck out, and the grim side-note put “<i>lower +down</i>”, with tags to show to what estate he and the cardinal and +bishops ought to be degraded!</p> + +<div class="selection"> + +<h6><a name="ladies_note" id="ladies_note"> +NOTE TO</a> <a href="#pref_educ_mothers"><span class="smallcaps">p. +xxiv. l. 10</span></a>, “OUR WOMEN,” AND THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF LANGUAGES, +<a href="#pref_educ_girls"><span class="smallcaps">p. +xxv-vi</span></a>.</h6> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/page89header.png" width="385" height="25" +alt="The Ladies & Men of Queen Elizabeth’s Court." +title="The Ladies & Men of Queen Elizabeth’s Court."> +</p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<p>“I might here (if I would, or had sufficient disposition of matter +conceiued of the same) make a large discourse of such honorable ports, +of such graue councellors, and noble personages, as giue their dailie +attendance vpon the quéenes maiestie there. I could in like sort +set foorth a singular commendation of the vertuous beautie, or +beautifull vertues of such ladies and gentlewomen as wait vpon hir +person, betweene whose amiable countenances and costlinesse of attire, +there séemeth to be such a dailie conflict and contention, as that it is +verie difficult for me to gesse, whether of the twaine shall beare awaie +the preheminence. This further is not to be omitted, to the singular +commendation of both sorts and sexes of our courtiers here in England, +<span class="sidenote"> +English courtiers the best learned & the worst liuers.</span> +that there are verie few of them, which haue +<span class="pagenum">xc</span> +<a name="pagexc" id="pagexc"> </a> +<!-- png 108 --> +not the vse and skill of sundrie speaches, beside an excellent veine of +writing before time not regarded. Would to God the rest of their liues +and conuersations were correspondent to these gifts! for as our common +courtiers (for the most part) are the best lerned and indued with +excellent gifts, so are manie of them the worst men when they come +abroad, that anie man shall either heare or read of. Trulie it is a rare +thing with vs now, to heare of a courtier which hath but his owne +language. +<span class="sidenote"> +[Ladies learned in languages.]</span> +And to saie how many gentlewomen and ladies there are, that beside sound +knowledge of the Gréeke and Latine toongs, are thereto no lesse skilfull +in the Spanish, Italian, and French, or in some one of them, it resteth +not in me: sith I am persuaded, that as the noble men and gentlemen doo +surmount in this behalfe, so these come verie little or nothing at all +behind them for their parts; which industrie God continue, and +accomplish that which otherwise is wanting!</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +[Ancient ladies’ employments.]</span> +<p>“Beside these things I could in like sort set downe the waies and +meanes, wherby our ancient ladies of the court doo shun and auoid +idlenesse, some of them exercising their fingers with the needle, other +in caul-worke, diuerse in spinning of silke, some in continuall reading +either of the holie scriptures, or histories of our owne or forren +nations about vs, and diuerse in writing volumes of their owne, or +translating of other mens into our English and Latine toong, +<span class="sidenote"> +[Young ladies’ recreations.]</span> +whilest the yoongest sort in the meane time applie their lutes, +citharnes, prickesong, and all kind of musike, which they vse onelie for +recreation sake, when they haue leisure, and are frée from attendance +vpon the quéenes maiestie, or such as they belong vnto. +<span class="sidenote"> +[Old ladies’ skill in surgery, &c.]</span> +How manie of the eldest sort also are skilfull in surgerie and +distillation of waters, beside sundrie other artificiall practises +perteining to the ornature and commendations of their bodies, +<span class="pagenum">xci</span> +<a name="pagexci" id="pagexci"> </a> +<!-- png 109 --> +I might (if I listed to deale further in this behalfe) easilie declare, +but I passe ouer such maner of dealing, least I should séeme to glauer, +and currie fauour with some of them. Neuerthelesse this I will +generallie saie of them all, +<span class="sidenote"> +[All are cunning</span> +that as ech of them are cuning in somthing wherby they kéepe themselues +occupied in the court, so there is in maner none of them, but when they +be at home, can helpe to supplie the ordinarie want of the kitchen with +a number of delicat dishes of their owne deuising, +<span class="sidenote"> +in cookery, helped by the Portuguese.]</span> +wherein the Portingall is their chéefe counsellor, as some of them are +most commonlie with the clearke of the kitchen, who vseth (by a tricke +taken vp of late) +<span class="sidenote"> +[Introduction of the <i>Carte</i>,</span> +to giue in a bréefe rehearsall of such and so manie dishes as are to +come in at euerie course throughout the whole seruice in the dinner or +supper while: which bill some doo call a +<span class="sidenote"> +Memorial, Billet or Fillet.]</span> +memoriall, other a billet, but some a fillet, bicause such are commonlie +hanged on the file, and kept by the ladie or gentlewoman vnto some other +purpose. But whither am I digressed?” —1577, <span class="smallcaps">W. Harrison</span>, in <i>Holinshed’s Chronicles</i>, +vol. I. p. 196, ed. 1586.</p> + +</div> +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<h4>Preface to Russell: Footnotes</h4> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<span class="pagenum">lxix</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_1" id="pref_russ_note_1" href="#pref_russ_tag_1">1.</a> +This MS. contains a copy of “The Rewle of the Moone,” fol. 49-67, which +I hope to edit for the Society.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_2" id="pref_russ_note_2" href="#pref_russ_tag_2">2.</a> +The next treatise to Russell in this MS. is “The booke off the +gou<i>er</i>naunce off Kyngis and Pryncis,” or <i>Liber Aristotiles ad +Alexandrum Magnum</i>, a book of Lydgate’s that we ought to print +from the best MS. of it. At fol. 74 b. is a heading,—</p> + +<p>Here dyed this translatour and noble poette Lidgate and the yong +follower gan his prolog on this wys.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxx</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_3" id="pref_russ_note_3" href="#pref_russ_tag_3">3.</a> +One can fancy that a cook like Wolsey’s (described by Cavendish, vol. i. +p. 34), “a Master Cook who went daily in damask satin, or velvet, +with a chain of gold about his neck” (a mark of nobility in earlier +days), would be not <i>leef</i> but <i>loth</i> to obey an usher and +marshal.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_4" id="pref_russ_note_4" href="#pref_russ_tag_4">4.</a> +Warton, ii. 264-8, ed. 1840. For further details about the Duke see the +<a href="#humphrey">Appendix to this Preface</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_5" id="pref_russ_note_5" href="#pref_russ_tag_5">5.</a> +See one MS., “How to serve a Lord,” ab. 1500 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, quoted in the notes to the Camden Society’s +Italian Relation of England, p. 97.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_6" id="pref_russ_note_6" href="#pref_russ_tag_6">6.</a> +For the Early English Text Society.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxiv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_7" id="pref_russ_note_7" href="#pref_russ_tag_7">7.</a> +I have put figures before the motions in the dress and undress drills, +for they reminded me so of “Manual and Platoon: by numbers.”</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_8" id="pref_russ_note_8" href="#pref_russ_tag_8">8.</a> +Mr Way says that the <i>planere</i>, l. 58, is an article new to +antiquarians.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_9" id="pref_russ_note_9" href="#pref_russ_tag_9">9.</a> +Randle Holme’s tortoise and snails, in No. 12 of his Second Course, Bk. +III., p. 60, col. 1, are stranger still. “Tortoise need not +seem strange to an alderman who eats turtle, nor to a West Indian who +eats terrapin. Nor should snails, at least to the city of Paris, which +devours myriads, nor of Ulm, which breeds millions for the table. +Tortoises are good; snails excellent.” Henry H. Gibbs.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_10" id="pref_russ_note_10" href="#pref_russ_tag_10">10.</a> +“It is nought all good to the goost that the gut asketh” we may well say +with William who wrote <i>Piers Ploughmon</i>, v. 1, p. 17, +l. 533-4, after reading the lists of things eatable, and dishes, in +Russell’s pages. The later feeds that Phylotheus Physiologus exclaims +against* are nothing to them: “What an <i>Hodg-potch</i> do most that +have Abilities make in their Stomachs, which must wonderfully oppress +and distract Nature: For if you should take <i>Flesh</i> of various +sorts, <i>Fish</i> of as many, <i>Cabbages</i>, <i>Parsnops</i>, +<i>Potatoes</i>, <i>Mustard</i>, <i>Butter</i>, <i>Cheese</i>, +a <i>Pudden</i> that contains more then ten several Ingredents, +<i>Tarts</i>, <i>Sweet-meats</i>, <i>Custards</i>, and add to these +<i>Churries</i>, <i>Plums</i>, <i>Currans</i>, <i>Apples</i>, +<i>Capers</i>, <i>Olives</i>, <i>Anchovies</i>, <i>Mangoes</i>, +<i>Caveare</i>, <i>&c.</i>, and jumble them altogether into one +<i>Mass</i>, what Eye would not loath, what Stomach not abhor such a +<i>Gallemaufrey?</i> yet this is done every Day, and counted <i>Gallent +Entertainment</i>.”</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +* Monthly Observations for the preserving of Health, 1686, +p. 20-1.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_11" id="pref_russ_note_11" href="#pref_russ_tag_11">11.</a> +See descriptions of a dinner in Parker’s Domestic Architecture of the +Middle Ages, iii. 74-87 (with a good cut of the Cupboard, Dais, +&c.), and in Wright’s <i>Domestic Manners and Customs</i>. Russell’s +description of the Franklin’s dinner, l. 795-818, should be noted +for the sake of Chaucer’s Franklin, and we may also notice that Russell +orders butter and fruits to be served on an empty stomach before dinner, +l. 77, as a whet to the appetite. <i>Modus Cenandi</i> serves +potage first, and keeps the fruits, with the spices and biscuits, for +dessert.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxvi</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_12" id="pref_russ_note_12" href="#pref_russ_tag_12">12.</a> +The extracts from Bulleyn, Borde, Vaughan, and Harington are in the +nature of notes, but their length gave one the excuse of printing them +in bigger type as parts of a Text. In the same way I should have treated +the many extracts from Laurens Andrewe, had I not wanted them intermixed +with the other notes, and been also afraid of swelling this book to an +unwieldy size.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_13" id="pref_russ_note_13" href="#pref_russ_tag_13">13.</a> +The Termes of a Kerver so common in MSS. are added, p. 151, and the +subsequent arrangement of the modes of carving the birds under these +Termes, p. 161-3. The Easter-Day feast (p. 162) is also new, +the bit why the heads of pheasants, partridges, &c., are +unwholesome—’for they ete in theyr degrees foule thynges, as +wormes, todes, and other suche,’ p. 165-6—and several other +pieces.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxvii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_14" id="pref_russ_note_14" href="#pref_russ_tag_14">14.</a> +<i>do the</i>, l. 115, is <i>clothe</i> in the MS.; <i>grayne</i>, +l. 576 (see too ll. 589, 597,) is <i>grayue</i>, Scotch +<i>greive</i>, A.S. <i>gerefa</i>, a kind of bailiff; +<i>resceyne</i>, ll. 547, 575, is <i>resceyue</i>, receive; +&c.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxviii</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_15" id="pref_russ_note_15" href="#pref_russ_tag_15">15.</a> +This is doubtless a different book from Hugh Rhodes’s <i>Booke of +Nurture & Schoole of Good Manners</i>, p. 71, below.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxix</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_16" id="pref_russ_note_16" href="#pref_russ_tag_16">16.</a> +What this <i>Edyllys Be</i> means, I have no idea, and five or six other +men I have asked are in the same condition. A.S. <i>æþel</i> is noble, +<i>æþeling</i>, a prince, a noble; that may do for +<i>edyllys</i>. <i>Be</i> may be for A B C, alphabet, elementary grammar +of behaviour.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxx</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_17" id="pref_russ_note_17" href="#pref_russ_tag_17">17.</a> +P.S. Mr Hazlitt, iv. 366, notices two others in MS. Ashmole 59, art. 57, +and in Cotton MS. Calig. <span class="smallroman">A II.</span> fol. +13, the latter of which and Ashmole 61, are, he says, of a different +translation.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_18" id="pref_russ_note_18" href="#pref_russ_tag_18">18.</a> +See Hazlitt, iv. 366.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxxi</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_19" id="pref_russ_note_19" href="#pref_russ_tag_19">19.</a> +The MS. has no title. The one printed I have made up from bits of the +text.</p> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_20" id="pref_russ_note_20" href="#pref_russ_tag_20">20.</a> +Still one is truly thankful for the material in these unindexed +books.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxxiv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_21" id="pref_russ_note_21" href="#pref_russ_tag_21">21.</a> +Sharon Turner’s <i>History of England</i>, vol. v. pp. 496-8.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">lxxxv</span> + +<p><a name="pref_russ_note_22" id="pref_russ_note_22" href="#pref_russ_tag_22">22.</a> +This is the stanza quoted by Dr Reinhold Pauli in his <i>Bilder aus +Alt-England</i>, c. xi. p. 349:</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>“Herzog von Glocester nennen sie den Fürsten,</p> +<p>Der trotz des hohen Rangs und hoher Ehren</p> +<p>Im Herzen nährt ein dauerndes Gelüsten</p> +<p>Nach Allem, was die alten Bücher lehren;</p> +<p>So glücklich gross ist hierin sein Begehren,</p> +<p>Dass tugendsam er seine Zeit verbringt</p> +<p>Und trunkne Trägheit männiglich bezwingt.”</p> +</div> + +<p>The reader should by all means consult this chapter, which is headed +“Herzog +<span class="pagenum">lxxxvi</span> +Humfrid von Glocester. Bruchstück eines Fürstenlebens im fünfzehnten +Jahrhunderte” (Humphrey Duke of Gloucester. Sketch of the life of a +prince in the fifteenth century). There is an excellent English +translation of this book, published by Macmillan, and entitled “Pictures +of Old England.” —W. W. Skeat.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div footnote --> + +<p class="space"> +<span class="finger"> +<img src="images/finger.gif" width="30" height="13" alt="-->"> +</span> +Ten fresh pieces relating more or less to the subjects of this volume +having come under my notice since the Index was printed and the volume +supposed to be finished, I have taken the opportunity of the delay +in its issue—caused by want of funds—to add nine of the new +pieces as a Postscript, and the tenth at p. 264*. An 11th piece, +<i>Caxton’s Book of Curtesye</i>, in three versions, too important to be +poked into a postscript, will form No. 3 of the Early English Text +Society’s Extra Series, the first Text for 1868.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">c</span> +<a name="pagec" id="pagec"> </a> +<!-- png 118 --> +<h5><a name="postscript" id="postscript">POSTSCRIPT, 1894.</a></h5> + +<p>[18 Oct. 1894. Much has been done for the history of Education since +I put the foregoing notes together: see Arthur Leach’s articles in the +<i>Contemp. Review</i>, Sept. 1892, Nov. 1894; <i>Fortnightly +Review</i>, Nov. 1892; <i>Westminster Gazette</i>, 26 July, 1894; and +<i>National Observer</i>, Sept. 1, 1894. Also Herbert Quick’s +books, J. Bass Mullinger’s, Maria Hackett’s (1814, 1816, &c.), +and Foster Watson’s forthcoming <i>Writers on Education in England</i>, +1500—1660.<a class="tag" name="pref_ps_tag_1" id="pref_ps_tag_1" href="#pref_ps_note_1">1</a> See too Foss’s <i>Lives +of the Judges</i>; Jn. Smith’s <i>Lives of the Berkeleys</i>; the +<i>Life of William of Wykeham</i>; Lupton’s <i>Life of Colet</i>; +articles in Thomassin’s <i>Ecclesiastica Disciplina, Vetus et Nova</i>; +Dr. P. Alford’s <i>Abbots of Tavistock</i>, p. 119-120; +R. N. Worth’s Calendar of the <i>Tavistock Parish Records</i> +(1588-9), p. 37, 39, &c.; <i>Dugdale</i>, i. 82, ii. 142, iii. +10, iv. 404-5; Leland, <i>Collectanea</i>, vol. i, pt. 2, p. 302; +Ellis, <i>Orig. Let.</i>, 3rd Series, i. 333, ii. 243; Marston’s +<i>Scourge of Villanie</i> (1599), Works, ed. 1856, iii. 306; +Cavendish’s <i>Life of Wolsey</i>, Kelmscott Press, 1893, p. 24; +John of Salisbury, Epist. XIX, ed. Giles; <i>Churchwardens’ +Accounts</i>, Somerset Record Soc. (1890), p. xix; <i>Glastonbury Abbey +Accounts</i>, p. 249; <i>Engl. Hist. Rev.</i>, Jan. 1891, +p. 24; <i>Songs & Carols</i>, Warton Club, 1855, p. 10; +Dr. Woodford’s Report on National Education in Scotland, 1868; +<i>Macmillan’s Mag.</i>, July 1870 (Scotch at Oxford); Essays on Grammar +Schools, by members of the Free Kirk in Scotland; Stevenson’s +<i>Nottingham Boro’ Records</i>, iv. 272, 299, 302; Dr. Buelbring’s +Introduction to Defoe’s <i>Compleat English Gentleman</i>; Bradshaw on +the <i>A B C</i> as a School-book, Cambr. Antiq. Soc., vol. +iii.; &c., &c.</p> + +<p>Much of my Forewords above, appeard in two numbers of the +<i>Quarterly Journal of Education</i>, no. 2, Aug. 1867, +vol. i, p. 48-56, and no. 3, Nov. 1867, p. 97-100. +—F. J. F.]</p> + +<p class="space"> +The friend to whom this book was dedicated, C. H. Pearson, died, alas, +this year (1894) after his return from Melbourne, where he had organised +free education thro’ the whole State, and done much other good work.</p> + +<p class="footnote"><a name="pref_ps_note_1" id="pref_ps_note_1" +href="#pref_ps_tag_1">1.</a> +Department of Education, Washington, U.S.A.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div preface --> + +<hr> +<hr> + +<div class="mynote"> +<p>This e-text includes characters that will only display in UTF-8 +(Unicode) file encoding:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +ȝ (yogh)<br> +œ (oe ligature)</p> + +<p>There are also a few lines of Greek, and some rarer characters used +only in one or two selections:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +ſ (long s)<br> +ł, đ (l, d with bar)<br> +m̅ (m with overline)</p> + +<p>If these characters do not display properly, or if the apostrophes +and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an +incompatible browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure that the +browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). +You may also need to change your browser’s default font.</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p>The text is intended to reproduce the layout of the original as +closely as possible. If you see a horizontal scroll bar, it may help to +make your browser window <i>narrower</i> (not wider).</p> + +<p><b>Headnotes</b> were printed at the top of alternate pages, like +subsidiary chapter headings. They have been retained in the introductory +section but were omitted from the main text to reduce visual +clutter.</p> + +<p><b>Text-Critical Notes</b> and variant readings have been handled +differently than in the printed book, where they appeared either as +footnotes (numbered) or sidenotes (sometimes but not always marked). +Here, the word they refer to is <span class="texttag">underlined</span> if necessary, and the note itself will +generally have this form:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>leak</i>] the <i>t</i> of the MS. has a <i>k</i> over it.</p> +</div> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="titlepic" id="titlepic"> </a> +<img src="images/titlepage.png" width="288" height="527" +alt="see beginning of text"> +</p> + +<div class="mynote"> +<p>The title page was printed again <a href="#titletext">before the General Preface</a>. In the e-text +it will there be shown as plain text.</p> + +<p>Typography of the table of contents is as close as possible to the +original. Titles shown in <span class="smallcaps">small +capitals</span> generally represent longer selections.</p> +</div> + +<!-- png 017 --> +<h4><a name="main_contents" id="main_contents">CONTENTS.</a></h4> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td class="number smallroman"> +PAGE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="smallroman"> +<a href="#preface_general">FOREWORDS, OR GENERAL +PREFACE</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagei">i</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<a href="#pref_gen_educ">Education in Early +England</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pageiv">iv</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#pref_gen_dirt">Cleanliness, or Dirt, of Men, +Houses, &c.</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagelxiii">lxiii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#pref_gen_poems">Notice of the separate Poems +up to <i>Russell</i></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagelxviii">lxviii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#preface_russell"> +<span class="smallroman">PREFACE TO RUSSELL’S BOKE OF NURTURE</span>, +and the Poems and Treatises following it (except those in the +Postscript)</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagelxix">lxix</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr class="space both"> +<td class="smallroman"> +<a href="#collations">COLLATIONS</a> AND <a href="#corrigenda">CORRECTIONS</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexcii">xcii</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr class="space both"> +<td class="smallroman"> +<p><a href="#nurture_main">JOHN RUSSELL’S BOKE OF +NURTURE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page1"> 1</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p>(<a href="#nurture_contents">Contents thereof</a>, +inserted after title; <a href="#nurture_notes">Notes +thereon</a>, p. 84. <a href="#andrewe_fish">Lawrens +Andrewe on Fish</a>, p. 113.)</p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#neckeweede">Wilyam Bulleyn on Boxyng and +Neckeweede</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page124">124</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#borde">Andrew Borde on Sleep, Rising, and +Dress</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page128">128</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#vaughan">William Vaughan’s Fifteen Directions +to preserve Health</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page133">133</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#harington_dyet">The Dyet for every Day (from +Sir John Harington’s Schoole of Salerne)</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page138">138</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#harington_sleep">On Rising, Diet, and Going +to Bed (from the same)</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page140">140</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#recipes_fritters">Recipes (for Fritters, +Jussell, and Mawmeny)</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page145">145</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#recipes_hares">Recipes (for Hares and Conies +in Civeye, and for Doucettes)</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page146">146</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#boke_keruynge"><span class="smallroman">WYNKYN DE WORDE’S BOKE OF KERUYNGE</span> (ed. +1513)</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page147">147</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p>(<a href="#contents_keruyng">Contents thereof</a>, +p. 150; +<a href="#keruyng_notes">Notes thereon</a>, +p. 173. +<a href="#keruynge_first">Note on the first edition of +1508</a>, +p. lxxxvii.)</p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#boke_curtasye"><span class="smallcaps">The +Boke of Curtasye</span></a> (from the Sloane MS. 1986, ab. 1460 <span +class="smallroman">A.D.</span>)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page175">175</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#contents_curtasye">Contents thereof</a>, +p. 176. <a href="#curtasye_notes">Notes thereto</a>, +p. 283</p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#demeanor"><span class="smallcaps">The Booke +of Demeanor</span></a> (from The Schoole of Vertue by Richard Weste)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page207">207</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#grossetest">Bp. Grossetest’s Household +Statutes</a> (from the Sloane MS. 1986)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page215">215</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#counsel">Stanzas and Couplets of Counsel</a> +(from the Rawlinson MS. C. 86)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page219">219</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><span class="smallcaps"><a href="#vertue">The Schoole +of Vertue</a> by F. Seager</span> (<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1557)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page221">221</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#avyse">Whate-ever thow sey, avyse thee +welle!</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page244">244</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#dogg_sowe">A Dogg Lardyner, & a Sowe +Gardyner</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page246">246</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#maxims">Maxims in -ly</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page247">247</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#ascham">Roger Ascham’s Advice to Lord +Warwick’s Servant</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page248">248</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#babees"><span class="smallcaps">The Babees +Book</span></a>, (or a ‘lytyl Reporte’ of how Young People should +behave)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page250">250</a></td> +</tr> +<!-- png 018 --> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#lerne">Lerne or be Lewde</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page258a">258</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#abc">The A B C of Aristotle</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page260">260</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#urban"><i>Vrbanitatis</i></a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page262">262</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#boris">The Boris Hede furst</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page264">264*</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#children_left">The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil +Boke, or Edyllys be</a> (on left-hand pages to p. 273)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page265">265</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#children_right">The Young Children’s Book</a> +(on right-hand pages to p. 274)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page266">266</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#stans_left">Stans Puer ad Mensam</a> (in +English, from MS. Harl. 2251; on left-hand pages to p. 281)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page275">275</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#stans_right">The Book of Curteisie that is +clepid <i>Stans Puer ad Mensam</i></a> (from Lambeth MS. 853; on +right-hand pages to p. 282)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page276">276</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#curtasye_notes">Notes to the Boke of +Curtasye, &c.</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page283">283</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#index_poems">Index to the Poems, &c.</a> (before the Postscript)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page286">286</a></td> +</tr> + +<tr class="space both"> +<td class="inset"> +⁂ POSTSCRIPT (added after the Index was printed).</td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr class="space both"> +<td> +<p><a href="#serve"><span class="smallcaps">Ffor to +serve a Lord</span></a> (see <a href="#pagelxxii">Preface +to Russell, p. lxxii</a>.), with <a href="#feste"><i>A Feste for a Bryde</i></a>, +p. 358</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page349">349</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#suffer">Suffer, and hold your tongue</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page361">361</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#houshold">The Houshold Stuff</a> occupied +at the Lord Mayor’s Feast, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> +1505</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page362">362</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#ordre">The Ordre of goyng or sittyng</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page365">365</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#graces">Latin Graces</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page366">366</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#symons"><span class="smallcaps">Symon’s</span> Lesson of Wysedome for all maner +Chyldryn</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page381">381</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#birched">The Birched School-Boy</a> of +about 1500 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page385">385</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#christmas">The Song of the School-Boy at +Christmas</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page387">387</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#boars_head">The Boar’s Head</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page388">388</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class="mid"> + +<span class="pagenum">xcii</span> +<a name="pagexcii" id="pagexcii"> </a> +<!-- png 110 --> +<h4><a name="collations" id="collations"> +COLLATIONS.</a></h4> + +<p class="footnote"> +These are given as a warning to other editors either to collate in +foot-notes or not at all. The present plan takes up as much room as +printing a fresh text would, and gives needless trouble to every one +concerned.</p> + +<p class="mynote"> +This section is included for completeness. The collations have also been +incorporated into their respective texts.</p> + +<div class="hanging close"> + +<p><a name="coll_abc" id="coll_abc" href="#abc">p. +260.</a> <i>The A B C of Aristotle</i>, Harl. MS. 1706, fol. 94, +collated by Mr Brock, omits the prologue, and begins after l. 14 +with, “Here be-gynneth<i>e</i> Arystoles A B C. made be mayster +Benett.”</p> + +<p>A, <i>for</i> argue not <i>read</i> Angre the</p> + +<p>B, <i>omit</i> ne; <i>for</i> not to large <i>read</i> thou nat to +brode</p> + +<p>D, „ „ ; <i>for</i> not <i>read</i> thow nat</p> + +<p>E, „ „ ; <i>for</i> to eernesful <i>read</i> ne +curyons</p> + +<p>F, <i>for</i> fers, famuler, freendli, <i>read</i> Ferde, familier, +frenfull<i>e</i></p> + +<p>G, <i>omit</i> to; <i>for</i> & gelosie þou hate, <i>read</i> Ne +to galaunt never</p> + +<p>H, <i>for</i> in þine <i>read</i> off</p> + +<p>I, <i>for</i> iettynge <i>read</i> Iocunde; <i>for</i> iape not to +<i>read</i> Ioye thow nat</p> + +<p>K, <i>omit</i> to <i>and</i> &; <i>for</i> knaue <i>read</i> +knaves</p> + +<p>L, <i>for</i> for to leene <i>read</i> ne to lovyng; <i>for</i> +goodis <i>read</i> woordys</p> + +<p>M, <i>for</i> medelus <i>read</i> Mellous; <i>for</i> but as mesure +wole it meeue <i>read</i> ne to besynesse vnleffull<i>e</i></p> + +<p>N, <i>for</i> ne use no new iettis <i>read</i> ne nought<i>e</i> to +neffangle</p> + +<p>O, <i>for</i> ouerþwart <i>read</i> ouertwarth<i>e</i>; <i>for</i> +& ooþis þou hate <i>read</i> Ne othez to haunte</p> + +<p>Q, <i>for</i> quarelose <i>read</i> querelous; <i>for</i> weel ȝoure +souereyns <i>read</i> men all<i>e</i> abowte</p> + +<p>R, <i>omit the second</i> to; <i>for</i> not to rudeli <i>read</i> +thou nat but lyte</p> + +<p>S, <i>for</i> ne straungeli to stare <i>read</i> Ne starte nat +abowte</p> + +<p>T, <i>for</i> for temperaunce is best <i>read</i> But +temp<i>er</i>ate euer<i>e</i></p> + +<p>V, <i>for</i> ne &c. <i>read</i> ne violent Ne waste nat to +moche</p> + +<p>W, <i>for</i> neiþer &c. <i>read</i> Ne to wyse deme the</p> + +<p>¶ <i>for</i> is euere þe beste of <i>read</i> ys best for vs</p> + +<p><i>Add</i> <b>X Y Z</b> x y wych<i>e</i> esed & +p<i>er</i> se.</p> +</div> + +<p class="center"> +Tytell<i>e</i> Tytell<i>e</i> Tytell<i>e</i> thañ Esta Amen.</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<span class="pagenum">xciii</span> +<a name="pagexciii" id="pagexciii"> </a> +<!-- png 111 --> + +<table class="inline" summary="collation"> +<tr> +<td><b>p. 265</b>,</td> + +<td> +<p><a name="coll_lyt_adv" id="coll_lyt_adv" href="#children_left"><i>The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil +Boke</i></a>, with part of the Advocates Library MS., fol. 84, back +(collated by Mr David Laing).</p> + +<p>l. 1, <i>for</i> children̄ <i>read</i> childur</p> +<p>l. 2, <i>dele</i> þat</p> +<p>l. 3 <i>dele</i> For</p> +<p>l. 6, <i>for</i> with mary, <i>read</i> oure Lady</p> +<p>l. 7, <i>for</i> arn̄ <i>read</i> byn</p> +<p>l. 9, <i>prefix</i> Forst <i>to</i> Loke</p> +<p class="inset">and <i>for</i> wasshe <i>read</i> wasshyd</p> +<p>l. 12, <i>for</i> tylle <i>read</i> to</p> +<p>l. 13, <i>prefix</i> And <i>to</i> Loke</p> +<p>l. 14, <i>is</i>, To he y<sup>t</sup> reweleth y<sup>e</sup> howse +y<sup>e</sup> bytt</p> +<p>l. 16, <i>put the</i> that <i>between</i> loke <i>and</i> on</p> +<p>l. 17, <i>for</i> without any faylys <i>read</i> withowtte fayle</p> +<p>l. 18, <i>for</i> hungery aylys <i>read</i> empty ayle</p> +<p>l. 20, <i>for</i> ete esely <i>read</i> etett eysely</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>p. 267</b>,</td> +<td> +<p>l. 25, <i>for</i> mosselle <i>read</i> morsselle</p> +<p>l. 26, <i>for</i> in <i>read</i> owt of</p> +<p>l. 30, <i>for</i> Into thy <i>read</i> nor in the</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> thy salte <i>read</i> hit</p> +<p>l. 31, <i>for</i> fayre on þi <i>read</i> on a</p> +<p>l. 32, <i>for</i> The byfore <i>read</i> Byfore the</p> +<p class="inset"><i>and dele</i> þyne</p> +<p>ll. 33-4, <i>are</i> Pyke not y<sup>i</sup> tethe wyth y<sup>i</sup> +knyfe<br> +Whyles y<sup>u</sup> etyst be y<sup>i</sup> lyfe</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The poem in the Advocates’ MS. has 108 lines, and fills 5 pages of +the MS. (Wynkyn de Worde’s version ends with this, after l. 105, ‘And in +his laste ende wyth the swete Ihesus. Amen. Here endeth the boke of +curtesye<ins class="mycorr" title=") missing">.’)</ins></p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<table class="inline" summary="collation"> +<tr> +<td><b>p. 265</b>.</td> + +<td><p><a name="coll_lyt_cam" id="coll_lyt_cam" href="#children_left"><i>The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil +Boke</i></a> collated with the Cambridge University MS., by Mr Henry +Bradshaw. <i>Hem</i> is always written for <i>him</i> in this MS., and +so with other words.</p> + +<p>l. 2, <i>for</i> wrytyne <i>read</i> brekeyd</p> +<p>l. 6, <i>for</i> Elizabeth <i>read</i> cortesey</p> +<p>l. 7, <i>for</i> closide <i>read</i> clodyd</p> +<p>l. 10, <i>for</i> on <i>read</i> yn</p> +<p>l. 11, 12, <i>for</i> þou <i>read</i> ye</p> +<p>l. 14, <i>for</i> hous the bydde <i>read</i> hall þe beyt</p> +<p>l. 15, <i>for</i> þe <i>read</i> they</p> +<p>l. 16, <i>for</i> on <i>read</i> no</p> +<p>l. 17, <i>for</i> any faylys <i>read</i> fayle</p> +<p>l. 18, <i>for</i> aylys <i>read</i> heydyt</p> +<p>l. 19, <i>for</i> Ete ... hastely <i>read</i> yet ... hastey</p> +<p>l. 20, <i>prefix</i> Bot <i>to</i> Abyde</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> esely <i>read</i> all yesley</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>p. 267</b>,</td> +<td><p>l. 23, <i>for</i> Kerue not thy brede <i>read</i> Kot they bred +not</p> +<p>l. 24, <i>is</i> Ne to theke bat be-tweyn</p> +<p>l. 25, <i>for</i> mosselle <i>read</i> mossels</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> begynnysse to <i>read</i> dost</p> +<p>l. 26, <i>for</i> in <i>read</i> owt of</p> +<p>l. 27, <i>for</i> on <i>read</i> yn</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xciv</span> +<a name="pagexciv" id="pagexciv"> </a> +<!-- png 112 --> +</td> +<td><p>ll. 28-30, <i>are</i> Ne yn they met, feys, ne fleys.<br> +Put not thy mete yn þey salt seleyr</p> +<p>l. 32, <i>is</i> Be-fore the, that ys worschep</p> +<p>l. 33, <i>for</i> ne <i>read</i> nother</p> +<p>l. 34, <i>for</i> If <i>read</i> And</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> come <i>read</i> comest</p> +<p>l. 35, <i>for</i> And <i>read</i> Seche</p> +<p class="inset"><i>put the</i> is <i>before</i> yn</p> +<p>l. 37, <i>for</i> Ete ... by <i>read</i> Kot ... yn</p> +<p>l. 38, <i>prefix</i> And <i>to</i> Fylle; <i>omit</i> done</p> +<p>l. 40, <i>is</i> Weyles thou hetys, bey they leyffe</p> +<p>l. 42, <i>for</i> þow put <i>read</i> take owt</p> +<p>l. 43, <i>for</i> Ne <i>read</i> Nether</p> +<p>l. 44, <i>is</i> For no cortesey het ys not habell</p> +<p>l. 45, <i>for</i> Elbowe ... fyst <i>read</i> Elbowhes ... fystys</p> +<p>l. 46, <i>for</i> whylis þat <i>read</i> wheyle</p> +<p>l. 47, <i>is</i> Bolk not as a bolle yn the crofte</p> +<p>l. 48, <i>for</i> karle þat <i>read</i> charle</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> cote <i>read</i> cotte</p> +<p>l. 50, <i>for</i> of hyt or þou art <i>read</i> the or ye be</p> +<p>l. 51, <i>for</i> sterke <i>read</i> lowde</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>p. 269</b>,</td> +<td><p>l. 52, <i>is</i> all of curtesy loke ye carpe</p> +<p>l. 53, <i>for</i> at <i>read</i> all</p> +<p class="inset"><i>omit</i> loke þou</p> +<p>l. 54, <i>for</i> Loke þou rownde not <i>read</i> And loke ye</p> +<p>l. 55, <i>omit</i> thy</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> and <i>read</i> ne</p> +<p>l. 56, <i>for</i> doo <i>read</i> make</p> +<p>l. 57, <i>for</i> laughe not <i>read</i> noþer laughe</p> +<p>l. 58, <i>for</i> with moche speche <i>read</i> thow meche speke; +<i>for</i> mayst <i>read</i> may</p> +<p>l. 59, <i>for</i> <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘fist’">first</ins> ne <i>read</i> ner</p> +<p class="inset">and <i>for the second</i> ne <i>read</i> not</p> +<p>l. 60, <i>for</i> fayre and stylle <i>read</i> stere het not</p> +<p>l. 61, <i>for</i> thy <i>read</i> the</p> +<p>l. 66, <i>omit</i> a</p> +<p>l. 67, <i>for</i> I rede of <i>read</i> of j redde þe of</p> +<p>l. 68, <i>for</i> neþer <i>read</i> neuer</p> +<p class="inset"><i>omit</i> yn þi <i>before</i> drynk</p> +<p>l. 69, <i>for</i> þat <i>read</i> they</p> +<p>l. 73, <i>for</i> þou see <i>read</i> be saye</p> +<p>l. 76, <i>for</i> þou <i>read</i> yow</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> thow art <i>read</i> yow ar</p> +<p>l. 77, <i>for</i> forthe <i>read</i> before yow</p> +<p>l. 78, <i>omit</i> þow not</p> +<p>l. 79, <i>for</i> ynto <i>read</i> yn</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>p. 271</b>,</td> +<td><p>l. 83, <i>for</i> ende <i>read</i> hendyng</p> +<p>l. 84, <i>for</i> wasshen <i>read</i> was</p> +<p>l. 85, <i>for</i> worthy <i>read</i> wortheyor</p> +<p>l. 86, <i>for</i> to- <i>read</i> be-</p> +<p class="inset"><i>omit</i> &</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> þi prow <i>read</i> gentyll cortesey</p> +<p>ll. 87, 88, 89, are omitted.</p> +<p>l. 90, <i>for</i> nether <i>read</i> not</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> ne <i>read</i> ne with</p> +<p>l. 91, <i>omit</i> þi</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> the hede <i>read</i> they lorde</p> +<p>l. 92, <i>for</i> hyghly <i>read</i> mekeley</p> +<p>l. 93, <i>for</i> togydre ynsame <i>read</i> yn the same manere</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xcv</span> +<a name="pagexcv" id="pagexcv"> </a> +<!-- png 113 --> +</td> +<td><p>l. 95, <i>for</i> therafter <i>read</i> hereafter</p> +<p>l. 96, <i>after</i> that <i>add</i> he ys</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> was heere <i>read</i> þere aftyr</p> +<p>l. 97, <i>omit</i> And</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> dispiseth <i>read</i> dispise</p> +<p>l. 99, <i>for</i> Nether <i>read</i> neuer</p> +<p>l. 100, <i>for</i> Ner <i>read</i> ne</p> +<p>l. 101, <i>after</i> for <i>add</i> sent</p> +<p>l. 102, <i>for</i> Louyth this boke <i>read</i> Loren this lesen</p> +<p>l. 103, <i>omit</i> and</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for</i> made <i>read</i> wret</p> +<p>l. 106, is omitted.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><b>p. 273</b>,</td> +<td><p>l. 107, <i>before</i> vs <i>put</i> hem and</p> +<p>l. 108, <i>for the first</i> Amen <i>read</i> Sey all</p> +<p class="inset"><i>for the</i> Explicit &c. <i>read</i> Expleycyt +the Boke of cortesey.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">xcvi</span> +<a name="pagexcvi" id="pagexcvi"> </a> +<!-- png 114 --> +<h4><a name="corrigenda" id="corrigenda"> +CORRIGENDA, ADDITIONAL NOTES, &c.</a></h4> + +<p class="mynote"> +This section is included for completeness. Where possible, the changes +noted have been made in the original text, or added as footnotes +numbered in the form “10a”. The bracketed paragraph, following, is from +the original text.</p> + +<h5>[A few corrections of letters and figures have been made in this +Reprint.]</h5> + +<div class="allclear"> + +<p><a name="corr_iv" id="corr_iv" href="#pref_gen_tag_6a">p. iv. l. 6.</a> ‘Your Bele Babees are +very like the <i>Meninos</i> of the Court of Spain, & <i>Menins</i> +of that of France, young nobles brought up with the young Princes.’ +H. Reeve.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_v" id="corr_v" href="#pref_gen_tag_10a">p. v. last line.</a> This is not +intended to confine the definition of Music as taught at Oxford to its +one division of <i>Harmonica</i>, to the exclusion of the others, +<i>Rythmica, Metrica</i>, &c. The Arithmetic <i>said</i> to have +been studied there in the time of Edmund the Confessor is defined in his +Life (MS. about 1310 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>) in my +<i>E. E. Poems & Lives of Saints</i>, 1862, thus,</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>Arsmetrike is a lore: þat of figours al is</p> +<p>& of drauȝtes as me draweþ in poudre: & in numbre iwis.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="corr_xviii" id="corr_xviii" href="#pref_gen_tag_24a">p. xviii. l. 16.</a> The regular +Cathedral school would have existed at St David’s.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_xix" id="corr_xix" href="#pref_gen_note_30">p. xix., <ins class="mycorr" title="original numbering">note 4</ins>.</a> “There are no French +universities, though we find every now and then some humbug advertising +himself in the <i>Times</i> as possessing a degree of the Paris +University. The old Universities belong to the time before the +Deluge—that means before the Revolution of 1789. The University of +France is the organized whole of the higher and middle institutions of +learning, in so far as they are directed by the State, not the clergy. +It is an institution more governmental, according to the genius of the +country, than our London University, to which, however, its organization +bears some resemblance. To speak of it in one breath with Oxford or +Aberdeen is to commit the ... error of confounding two things, or +placing them on the same line, because they have the same name.” +—E. Oswald, in <i>The English Leader</i>, Aug. 10, 1867.</p> + +<p>p. xxiv. l. 9, <i>for</i> 1574 <i>read</i> 1577. +<span class="notation"> +Corrected in reprint.</span></p> + +<p><a name="corr_xxv" id="corr_xxv" href="#pref_gen_tag_35a">p. xxv. l. 17</a>, related apparently. +“The first William de Valence married Joan de Monchensi, sister-in-law +to one Dionysia, and aunt to another.” <i>The Chronicle</i>, Sept. 21, +1867.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_xxvi" id="corr_xxvi" href="#pref_gen_tag_38a">p. xxvi.</a> One of the inquiries +ordered by the Articles issued by Archbishop Cranmer, in <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1548, is, “Whether Parsons, Vicars, Clerks, and +other beneficed men, having yearly to dispend an hundred pound, do not +find, competently, one scholar in the University of Cambridge or Oxford, +or some grammar school; and for as many hundred pounds as every of them +may dispend, so many scholars likewise to be found [supported] by them; +and what be their names that they so find.” Toulmin Smith, <i>The +Parish</i>, p. 95. Compare also in Church-Wardens Accompts of St +Margaret’s, Westminster (ed. Jn. Nichols, p. 41).</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="student stipends"> +<tr> +<td>1631.</td> +<td><p>Item, to Richard Busby, a king’s scholler of Westminster, towards +enabling him to proceed master of arts at Oxon, by consent of the +vestrie</p> +</td> +<td class="nobreak">£6. 13. 4.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xcvii</span> +<a name="pagexcvii" id="pagexcvii"> </a> +<!-- png 115 --> +1628.</td> +<td><p>Item, to Richard Busby, by consent of the vestry, towards +enabling him to proceed bachelor of arts</td> +<td>£5. 0. 0.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Nichols, p. 38. See too p. 37.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_xxvii" id="corr_xxvii" href="#pref_gen_tag_41a">p. xxvii., last line.</a> Roger Bacon +died, perhaps, 11 June, 1292, or in 1294. <i>Book of Dates.</i></p> + +<p><a name="corr_xxviia" id="corr_xxviia" href="#pref_gen_note_41">p. xxvii.</a>, <i>dele</i> note 3. ‘The +truth is that, in his account of Oxford and its early days, Mr Hallam +quotes John of Salisbury, not as asserting that Vacarius taught there, +but as making “no mention of Oxford at all”; while he gives for the +statement about the law school no authority whatever beyond his general +reference throughout to Anthony Wood. But the fact is as historical as a +fact can well be, and the authority for it is a passage in one of the +best of the contemporary authors, Gervaise of Canterbury. “Tunc leges et +causidici in Angliam primo vocati sunt,” he says in his account of +Theobald in the Acts of the Archbishops, “quorum primus era<i>t</i> +magister Vacarius. Hic in Oxonefordiâ legem docuit.”’ +E. A. F.</p> + +<p>p. xxxiii. note, l. 1, <i>for</i> St Paul’s <i>read</i> St Anthony’s +<span class="notation"> +Corrected in reprint.</span></p> + +<p>p. xxxiv., <i>for</i> sister <i>read</i> brother</p> +<p class="notation"> +Corrected in reprint. The word “brother” appears twice on this page: +“brother of Anne Bulleyn” and “Jane Seymour’s brother”.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_xlv" id="corr_xlv" href="#pref_gen_tag_63a">p. xlv. l. 2</a>, <i>for</i> poor +<i>read</i> independent. ‘Fitz-Stephen says on the parents of St Thomas, +“Neque fœnerantibus neque officiose negotiantibus, sed de redditibus +suis honorifice viventibus.”’ E. A. F.</p> + +<p>p. liii. Thetford. See also p. xli.</p> +<p class="notation"> +Author’s intention unclear. <a href="#schools">List on +page liii</a> shows Thetford grammar school, founded 1328. <a href="#thetford">Page xli text</a> has “between 1091 and 1119 ... +schools at Thetford”.</p> + +<p>p. lxxix. last line. A Postscript of nine fresh pieces has been since +added, on and after p. 349, with ‘The Boris hede furst’ at +p. 264*. +<span class="notation"> +Section rewritten for reprint.</span></p> + +<p><a name="corr_6" id="corr_6" href="#nurture_linenote_77">p. 6, l. 77</a>, <i>for the note +on</i> plommys, damsons, <i>see</i> p. 91, <i>note on l.</i> +177.</p> + +<p class="notation"> +Note corrected from “177” to “77” in reprint; note moved in e-text.</p> + +<p>p. 7, l. 2 of notes, <i>for</i> Houeshold <i>read</i> Household +<span class="notation"> +Corrected in reprint.</span></p> + +<p><a name="corr_27" id="corr_27" href="#nurture_tag_80">p. 27, l. 418, Areyse</a>. Compare, “and +the Geaunte pulled and drough, but he myght hym not <i>a-race</i> from +the sadell.” <i>Merlin</i>, Pt. II. p. 346 (E. E. T. Soc. +1866).</p> + +<p>p. 35, note <sup>3</sup> (to l. 521), <i>for</i> end of this volume +<i>read</i> p. 145 +<span class="notation"> +Corrected in reprint.</span></p> + +<p><a name="corr_36" id="corr_36" href="#nurture_tag_127a">p. 36, l. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘356’">536</ins>.</a> <i>Pepper</i>. “The third thing is +Pepper, a sauce for vplandish folkes: for they mingle Pepper with +Beanes and Peason. Likewise of toasted bread with Ale or Wine, and with +Pepper, they make a blacke sauce, as if it were pap, that is called +<i>pepper</i>, and that they cast vpon theyr meat, flesh and fish.” +<i>Reg. San. Salerni</i>, p. 67.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_58" id="corr_58" href="#nurture_tag_237">p. 58, l. 851</a>; p. 168, l. 13, +14. Green sauce. There is a herb of an acid taste, the common name for +which ... is <i>green-sauce</i> ... not a dozen miles from +Stratford-on-Avon. <i>Notes & Queries</i>, June 14, 1851, vol. iii. +p. 474. “of Persley leaues stamped withe veriuyce, or white wine, +is made a <i>greene sauce</i> to eate with roasted meat ... Sauce for +Mutton, Veale and Kid, is <i>greene sauce</i>, made in Summer with +Vineger or Verjuyce, with a few spices, and without Garlicke. Otherwise +with Parsley, white Ginger, and tosted bread with Vineger. In Winter, +the same sawces are made with many spices, and little quantity of +Garlicke, and of the best Wine, and with a little Verjuyce, or with +Mustard.” <i>Reg. San. Salerni</i>, p. 67-8.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_62" id="corr_62" href="#nurture_tag_242a">p. 62, l. 909</a>, ? <i>perhaps a comma +should go after </i>hed<i>, and </i>‘his cloak or cape’<i> as a +side-note. But see </i>cappe, p. 65, l. 964.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_66" id="corr_66" href="#nurture_tag_250a">p. 66, l. 969.</a> Dogs. The nuisance +that the number of Dogs must have been may be judged of by the following +payments in the Church-Wardens’ Accounts of St Margaret’s, Westminster, +in <i>Nichols</i>, p. 34-5.</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="dog-killer expenses"> +<tr> +<td>1625</td> +<td><p>Item paid to the dog-killer for killing of dogs</p> +</td> +<td class="nobreak">0. 9. 8.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>1625</td> +<td><p>Item paid to the dog-killer more for killing 14 dozen and 10 dogs +in time of visitacion</p> +</td> +<td>1. 9. 8.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>1625</td> +<td><p>Item paid to the dog-killer for killing of 24 dozen of dogs</p> +</td> +<td>1. 8.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>See the old French satire on the Lady and her Dogs, in <i>Rel. +Ant.</i> i. 155.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xcviii</span> +<a name="pagexcviii" id="pagexcviii"> </a> +<!-- png 116 --> + +<p>p. 67, last line of note, <i>for</i> Hoss <i>read</i> Hog’s +<span class="notation"> +Corrected in reprint.</span></p> + +<p>p. 71, side-note 12, <i>for</i> King’s <i>read</i> chief +<span class="notation"> +Corrected in reprint.</span></p> + +<p><a name="corr_84" id="corr_84" href="#nurture_linenote_51">p. 84, note to l. 51.</a> Chipping or +paring bread. “<i>Non comedas crustam, colorem quia gignit adustam</i> +... the Authour in this Text warneth vs, to beware of crusts eating, +because they ingender a-dust cholor, or melancholly humours, by reason +that they bee burned and dry. And therefore great estates the which be +[<i>orig.</i> the] chollerick of nature, cause the crustes aboue and +beneath to be chipped away; wherfore the pith or crumme should be +chosen, the which is of a greater nourishment then the crust.” +<i>Regimen Sanitatis Salerni</i>, ed. 1634, p. 71. Fr. +<i>chapplis</i>, bread-chippings. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_85" id="corr_85" href="#nurture_linenote_52">p. 85, note to l. 98</a>, +<i>Trencher</i>, should be to l. 52. +<span class="notation"> +Line number corrected in reprint; note moved in e-text.</span></p> + +<p>p. 91, last note, on l. 177, should be on l. 77. +<span class="notation"> +See above under <a href="#corr_6">“p. 6”</a>.</span></p> + +<p><a name="corr_92" id="corr_92" href="#nurture_linenote_178">p. 92, l. 6</a>, <i>goddes good</i>. +This, and <i>barme</i>, and <i>bargood</i> (= beer-good) are only +equivalents for ‘yeast.’ Goddes-good was so called ‘because it cometh of +<i>the</i> grete grace of God’: see the following extract, sent me by Mr +Gillett, from the Book of the Corporate Assembly of Norwich, 8 +Edw. IV.:</p> + +<p>“The Maior of this Cite com<i>m</i>aundeth on the Kynges bihalve, +y<sup>t</sup> alle man<i>er</i> of Brewers y<sup>t</sup> shall brewe to +sale w<sup>t</sup>ynne this Cite, kepe y<sup>e</sup> assise accordyn to +y<sup>e</sup> Statute, & upon peyne ordeyned. And wheras berme, +otherwise clepid goddis good, w<sup>t</sup>oute tyme of mynde hath frely +be goven or delyv<i>er</i>ed for brede, whete, malte, egges, or other +honest rewarde, to y<sup>e</sup> valewe only of a ferthyng at +y<sup>e</sup> uttermost, & noon warned, bicause it cometh of +y<sup>e</sup> grete grace of God, Certeyn p<i>er</i>sons of this Cite, +callyng themselves com<i>m</i>on Brewers, for their singler lucre & +avayll have nowe newely bigonne to take money for their seid goddis +good, for y<sup>e</sup> leest parte thereof, be it never so litle and +insufficient to s<i>er</i>ve the payer therefore, an halfpeny or a peny, +& ferthermore exaltyng y<sup>e</sup> p<i>ri</i>ce of y<sup>e</sup> +seid Goddis good at their p<i>ro</i>p<i>e</i>r will, ageyns the olde +& laudable custome of alle Englande, & sp<i>eci</i>ally of this +Cite, to grete hurte & slaunder of y<sup>e</sup> same Cite. +Wherefore it is ordeyned & provided, That no man<i>er</i> of brewer +of this Cite shall from this time foorth take of eny p<i>er</i>son for +lyvering, gevyng, or grauntyng of y<sup>e</sup> s<sup>d</sup> goddis +good, in money nor other rewarde, above y<sup>e</sup> valewe of a +ferthyng. He shall, for no malice feyned ne sought, colour, warne, ne +restregne y<sup>e</sup> s<sup>d</sup> goddis good to eny p<i>er</i>sone +y<sup>t</sup> will honestly & lefully aske it, & paye therefore +y<sup>e</sup> valewe of a ferthyng, &c.”</p> + +<p><a name="corr_161" id="corr_161" href="#keruyng_tag_flawn">p. 161, l. 4</a>. Flawnes. ‘Pro Caseo +ad <i>flauns</i> qualibet die . panis j’ (allowance of). <i>Register of +Worcester Priory</i>, fol. 121 <i>a.</i> ed. Hale, 1865.</p> + +<p>p. 296, col. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘1’">2</ins>, +Clof. Can it be “cloth”?</p> + +<p class="notation"> +The citation is the Index entry for a word occurring on p. 192.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_181" id="corr_181" href="#curt_tag_8a">p. 181, l. 144</a>, Croscrist. <i>La Croix de +par Dieu.</i> The Christs-crosse-row; or, the hornebooke wherein a child +learnes it. Cotgrave. The alphabet was called the +<i>Christ-cross-row</i>, some say because a cross was prefixed to the +alphabet in the old primers; but as probably from a superstitious custom +of writing the alphabet in the form of a cross, by way of charm. This +was even solemnly practised by the bishop in the consecration of a +church. See Picart’s Religious Ceremonies, vol. i. p. 131. +<i>Nares</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 185, l. 267, <i>for</i> be, falle, <i>read</i> be-falle (it +befalls, becomes)</p> + +<p><a name="corr_189" id="corr_189" href="#curt_tag_15a">p. 189, l. 393, side-note</a>, <i>Hall,</i> +should be <i>Hall.</i> Fires in Hall lasted to <i>Cena Domini</i>, the +Thursday before Easter: see l. 398. Squires’ allowances of lights +ended on Feb. 2, I suppose. These lights, or <i>candle</i> of +l. 839, would be only part of the allowances. The rest would +continue all the year. See <i>Household Ordinances & North. Hous. +Book</i>. Dr Rock says that the <i>holyn</i> or holly and <i>erbere +grene</i> refer to the change on Easter Sunday described in the <i>Liber +Festivalis</i>:—“In die paschẽ. Good friends ye shall know well +that this day +<span class="pagenum">xcix</span> +<a name="pagexcix" id="pagexcix"> </a> +<!-- png 117 --> +is called in many places God’s Sunday. Know well that it is the manner +in every place of worship at this day <i>to do the fire out of the +hall;</i> and the black winter brands, and all thing that is foul with +smoke shall be done away, and there the fire was, shall be gaily arrayed +with fair flowers, and strewed with green rushes all about, showing a +great ensample to all Christian people, like as they make clean their +houses to the sight of the people, in the same wise ye should cleanse +your souls, doing away the foul brenning (burning) sin of lechery; put +all these away, and cast out all thy smoke, dusts; and strew in your +souls flowers of faith and charity, and thus make your souls able to +receive your Lord God at the Feast of Easter.” —Rock’s <i>Church +of the Future</i>, v. iii. pt. 2, p. 250. “The holly, being an +evergreen, would be more fit for the purpose, and makes less litter, +than the boughs of deciduous trees. I know some old folks in +Herefordshire who yet follow the custom, and keep the grate filled with +flowers and foliage till late in the autumn.” —D. R. On +Shere-Thursday, or <i>Cena Domini</i>, Dr Rock quotes from the <i>Liber +Festivalis</i>—“First if a man asked why Sherethursday is called +so, ye may say that in Holy Church it is called ‘Cena Domini,’ our +Lord’s Supper Day; for that day he supped with his disciples openly.... +It is also in English called Sherethursday; for in old fathers’ days the +people would that day sheer their heads and clip their beards, and poll +their heads, and so make them honest against Easter-day.” —Rock, +<i>ib.</i>, p. 235.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_192" id="corr_192">p. 192</a>, l. 462-4, <i>cut out +. after</i> hete; <i>put</i> ; <i>after</i> sett, <i>and , after</i> +let; l. 468-9, <i>for</i> sett, In syce, <i>read</i> sett In syce; +<a href="#curt_tag_28a">l. 470</a>, ? some omission +after this line.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_200" id="corr_200">p. 200, l. 677</a>, side-note, +steel spoon <i>is more likely</i> spoon handle</p> + +<p><a name="corr_215" id="corr_215" href="#gross_tag_a">p. 215, l. 14.</a> <i>The</i> T <i>of</i> T +the is used as a paragraph mark in the MS.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_274" id="corr_274" href="#young_tag_a">p. 274, l. 143-4</a>, ? sense, reading +corrupt.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_275" id="corr_275" href="#stans1_tag_a">p. 275</a>, Lowndes calls the original of +<i>Stans Puer ad Mensam</i> the <i>Carmen Juvenile</i> of Sulpitius.</p> + +<p><a name="corr_312" id="corr_312">p. 312, col. 2, Holyn</a>. +Bosworth gives A.S. <i>holen</i>, a rush; Wright’s Vocab., +<i>holin</i>, Fr. <i>hous</i>; and that Cotgrave glosses ‘The Hollie, +Holme, or Huluer tree.’ <i>Ancren Riwle</i>, 418 note *, and <i>Rel. +Ant.</i>, ii. 280, have it too. See Stratmann’s Dict. +<span class="notation">In General Index.</span></p> + +<p><a name="corr_317" id="corr_317">p. 317, col. 2</a>, <i>The +extract for</i> Lopster <i>should have been under</i> creuis <i>or</i> +crao. +<span class="notation">In General Index.</span></p> + +<p><a name="corr_318" id="corr_318">p. 318, col. 1</a>, Lorely may +be <i>lorel-ly</i>, like a lorel, a loose, worthless fellow, +a rascal. +<span class="notation">In General Index.</span></p> + +<p><a name="corr_339" id="corr_339">p. 339, col. 1</a>, Syles +<i>is</i> strains. <span class="smallcaps">Sile</span>, <i>v.</i>, to +strain, to purify milk through a straining dish; Su.-Got. <i>sila</i>, +colare.—<span class="smallcaps">Sile</span>, <i>s.</i>, +a fine sieve or milk strainer; Su.-Got. <i>sil</i>, colum. +Brockett. See quotations in Halliwell’s Gloss., and Stratmann, who gives +Swed. <i>sîla</i>, colare. +<span class="notation">In General Index.</span></p> + +<p>On the general subject of diet in olden time consult “Regimen +Sanitatis Salernitanum, with an Introduction by Sir Alex. Croke, Oxford, +1830.” H. B. Wheatley. On manners, consult <i>Liber Metricus Faceti +Morosi</i>. J. E. Hodgkin.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="selection"> +<div class="contents"> + +<h4><a name="sidenotes" id="sidenotes"> +Collected Sidenotes</a></h4> + +<p class="mynote"> +This section was added by the transcriber. It contains the editor’s +summaries as given in his sidenotes, and can be read as a condensed +version of the full text.</p> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#side_nurture">John Russell’s Boke Of Nurture</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_andrewe">Lawrens Andrewe on Fish</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_neckeweede">Wilyam Bulleyn on Boxyng and +Neckeweede</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_borde">Andrew Borde on Sleep, Rising, and +Dress</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_vaughan">William Vaughan’s Fifteen Directions to +preserve Health</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_dyet">Harington: The Dyet for every Day</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_sleep">Harington: On Rising, Diet, and Going to +Bed</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_keruynge">Wynkyn de Worde’s Boke of Keruynge</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_curtasye">The Boke of Curtasye</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_grossetest">Bp. Grossetest’s Household +Statutes</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_counsel">Stanzas and Couplets of Counsel</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_vertue">The Schoole of Vertue</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_avyse">Whate-ever thow sey, avyse thee +welle!</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_dogg_sowe">A Dogg Lardyner, & a Sowe +Gardyner</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_ascham">Roger Ascham’s Advice to Lord Warwick’s +Servant</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_babees">The Babees Book</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_lerne">Lerne or be Lewde</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_urban"><i>Vrbanitatis</i></a></p> +<p><a href="#side_children_left">The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil Boke, or +Edyllys be</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_children_right">The Young Children’s Book</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_stans">Stans Puer ad Mensam</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_serve">Ffor to serve a Lord</a>, with <a href="#side_feste"><i>A Feste for a Bryde</i></a></p> +<p><a href="#side_graces">Latin Graces</a><p><a href="#side_symons">Symon’s Lesson of Wysedome for all maner Chyldryn</a></p> +<p><a href="#side_birched">The Birched School-Boy</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> +</div> <!-- end div contents --> + +<div class="sidenotes"> +<h4><a name="side_nurture" id="side_nurture"> +Russell’s <i>Boke of Nurture</i></a></h4> + +<p>In the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, God keep me! I am an +Usher to a Prince, and delight in teaching the inexperienced.</p> +<p>It is charitable to teach ignorant youths.</p> +<p>If any such won’t learn, give them a toy.</p> +<p>One May I went to a forest, and by the Forester’s leave walked in the +woodland, where I saw three herds of deer in the sunshine.</p> +<p>A young man with a bow was going to stalk them, but I asked him to +walk with me, and inquired whom he served.</p> +<p>‘No one but myself, and I wish I was out of this world.’</p> +<p>‘Good son, despair is sin; tell me what the matter is. When the pain +is greatest the cure is nearest!’</p> +<p>‘Sir, I’ve tried everywhere for a master; but because I know nothing, +no one will take me.’</p> +<p>‘Will you learn if I’ll teach you? What do you want to be?’</p> +<p>‘A Butler, Sir, Panter, Chamberlain, and Carver. Teach me the duties +of these.’</p> +<p>‘I will, if you’ll love God and be true to your master.’</p> +<p>A Panter or Butler must have three knives:</p> +<p class="inset"> +1 to chop loaves, 1 to pare them, 1 to smooth the trenchers.</p> +<p>Give your Sovereign new bread, others one-day-old bread; for the +house, three-day bread; for trenchers four-day bread; Have your salt +white, and your salt-planer of ivory, two inches broad, three long.</p> +<p>Have your table linen sweet and clean, your knives bright, spoons +well washed, two wine-augers some box taps, a broaching gimlet, a pipe +and bung.</p> +<p>To broach a pipe, pierce it with an auger or gimlet, four fingers- +breadth over the lower rim, so that the dregs may not rise.</p> +<p>Serve Fruit according to the season, figs, dates, quince-marmalade, +ginger, &c.</p> +<p>Before dinner, plums and grapes after, pears, nuts, and hard +cheese.</p> +<p>After supper, roast apples, &c.</p> +<p>In the evening don’t take cream, strawberries, or junket, unless you +eat hard cheese with them.</p> +<p>Hard cheese keeps your bowels open.</p> +<p>Butter is wholesome in youth and old age, anti-poisonous, and +aperient.</p> +<p>Milk, Junket, Posset, &c., are binding.</p> +<p>Eat hard cheese after them.</p> +<p>Beware of green meat; it weakens your belly.</p> +<p>For food that sets your teeth on edge, eat almonds and cheese, but +not more than half an ounce.</p> +<p>If drinks have given you indigestion, eat a raw apple.</p> +<p>Moderation is best sometimes, at others abstinence.</p> +<p>Look every night that your wines don’t ferment or leak Always carry a +gimlet, adze, and linen cloths; and wash the heads of the pipes with +cold water.</p> +<p>If the wine boil over, put to it the lees of red wine, and that will +cure it.</p> +<p>Romney will bring round sick sweet wine.</p> + +<h5>The names of Sweet Wines.</h5> + +<h5>Recipe for making Ypocras.</h5> +<p>Take spices thus, Cinnamon, &c., long Pepper.</p> +<p>Have three basins and three straining-bags to them; hang ’em on a +perch.</p> +<p>Let your ginger be well pared, hard, not worm-eaten, (Colombyne is +better than Valadyne or Maydelyne); your sticks of Cinnamon thin, hot +and sweet; Canel is not so good.</p> +<p>Cinnamon is hot and dry, Cardamons are hot and moist.</p> +<p>Take sugar or sugar candy, red wine, graines, ginger, pepper, +cinnamon, spice, and turnesole, and put each powder in a bladder by +itself.</p> +<p>Hang your straining-bags so that they mayn’t touch,--first bag a +gallon, others a pottle.</p> +<p>Put the powders in two or three gallons of red wine; then into the +runner, the second bag, (tasting and trying it now and then), and the +third vessel.</p> +<p>If it’s not right, add cinnamon, ginger, or sugar, as wanted.</p> +<p>If it’s not right, add cinnamon, ginger, or sugar, as wanted.</p> +<p>Mind you keep tasting it.</p> +<p>Strain it through bags of fine cloth, hooped at the mouth, the first +holding a gallon, the others a pottle, and each with a basin under +it.</p> +<p>The Ypocras is made.</p> +<p>Use the dregs in the kitchen.</p> +<p>Put the Ypocras in a tight clean vessel, and serve it with +wafers.</p> + +<h5>The Buttery.</h5> +<p>Keep all cups, &c., clean.</p> +<p>Don’t serve ale till it’s five days old.</p> +<p>Be civil and obliging, and give no one stale drink.</p> + +<h5>To lay the cloth, &c.</h5> +<p>Wipe the table.</p> +<p>Put a cloth on it (a cowche); you take one end, your mate the other; +lay the fold of the second cloth(?) on the outer edge of the table, that +of the third cloth(?) on the inner.</p> +<p>Cover your cupboard with a diaper towel, put one round your neck, one +side on your left arm with your sovereign’s napkin; on that, eight +loaves to eat, and three or four trencher loaves: in your left the +salt-cellar.</p> +<p>In your right hand, spoons and knives.</p> +<p>Put the Salt on the right of your lord; on its left, a trencher or +two; on their left, a knife, then white rolls, and beside them a spoon +folded in a napkin.</p> +<p>Cover all up.</p> +<p>At the other end set a Salt and two trenchers.</p> + +<h5>How to wrap up your lord’s bread in a stately way.</h5> +<p>Cut your loaves all equal.</p> +<p>Take a towel two and a half yards long by the ends, fold up a handful +from each end, and in the middle of the folds lay eight loaves or buns, +bottom to bottom; put a wrapper on the top, twist the ends of the towel +together, smooth your wrapper, and quickly open the end of it before +your lord.</p> +<p>After your lord’s lay the other tables.</p> +<p>Deck your cupboard with plate, your washing-table with basins, +&c.</p> +<p>Have plenty of napkins, &c., and your pots clean.</p> +<p>Make the <i>Surnape</i> with a cloth under a double napkin.</p> +<p>Fold the two ends of your towel, and one of the cloth, a foot over, +and lay it smooth for your lord to wash with.</p> +<p>The marshal must slip it along the table, and pull it smooth.</p> +<p>Then raise the upper part of the towel, and lay it even, so that the +Sewer (arranger of dishes) may make a state.</p> +<p>When your lord has washed, take up the Surnape with your two arms, +and carry it back to the Ewery.</p> +<p>Carry a towel round your neck.</p> +<p>Uncover your bread; see that all diners have knife, spoon, and +napkin.</p> +<p>Bow when you leave your lord.</p> +<p>Take eight loaves from the bread-cloth, and put four at each end.</p> +<p>Lay for as many persons as the Sewer has set potages for, and have +plenty of bread and drink.</p> +<p>Be lively and soft-spoken, clean and well dressed.</p> +<p>Don’t spit or put your fingers into cups.</p> +<p>Stop all blaming and backbiting, and prevent complaints.</p> + +<h5>General Directions for Behaviour.</h5> +<p>Don’t claw your back as if after a flea; or your head, as if after a +louse.</p> +<p>See that your eyes are not blinking and watery.</p> +<p>Don’t pick your nose, or let it drop, or blow it too loud, or twist +your neck.</p> +<p>Don’t claw your cods, rub your hands, pick your ears, retch, or spit +too far.</p> +<p>Don’t tell lies, or squirt with your mouth, gape, pout, or put your +tongue in a dish to pick dust out.</p> +<p>Don’t cough, hiccup, or belch, straddle your legs, or scrub your +body.</p> +<p>Don’t pick your teeth, cast stinking breath on your lord, fire your +stern guns, or expose your codware before your master.</p> +<p>Many other improprieties a good servant will avoid.’</p> +<p>‘Sir, pray teach me how to carve, handle a knife, and cut up birds, +fish, and flesh.’</p> +<p>‘Hold your knife tight, with two fingers and a thumb, in your +midpalm.</p> +<p>Do your carving, lay your bread, and take off trenchers, with two +fingers and thumb.</p> +<p>Never touch others’ food with your right hand, but only with the +left.</p> +<p>Don’t dirty your table or wipe your knives on it.</p> +<p>Take a loaf of trenchers, and with the edge of your knife raise a +trencher, and lay it before your lord; lay four trenchers four-square, +and another on the top.</p> +<p>Take a loaf of light bread, pare the edges, cut the upper crust for +your lord, and don’t touch it after it’s trimmed.</p> +<p>Keep your table clean.</p> + +<h5>Indigestibilities.</h5> +<p>You must know what meat is indigestible, and what sauces are +wholesome.</p> +<p>These things are indigestible: Fat and Fried, Raw and Resty, Salt and +Sour, also sinews, skin, hair, feathers, crops, heads, pinions, &c., +legs, outsides of thighs, skins; these destroy your lord’s rest.’</p> +<p>‘Thanks, father, I’ll put your teaching into practice, and pray for +you.</p> +<p>But please tell me how to carve fish and flesh.’</p> + +<h5>Carving of Meat.</h5> +<p>Cut <i>brawn</i> on the dish, and lift slices off with your knife; +serve it with mustard.</p> +<p>Venison with furmity.</p> +<p>Touch <i>Venison</i> only with your knife, pare it, cross it with 12 +scores, cut a piece out, and put it in the furmity soup.</p> +<p>Touch with your left hand, pare it clean, put away the sinews, +&c.</p> +<p><i>Partridges</i>, &c.: take up by the pinion, and mince them +small in the sirrup.</p> +<p>Larger roast birds, as the <i>Osprey</i>, &c., raise up [? cut +off] the legs, then the wings, lay the body in the middle, with the +wings and legs round it, in the same dish.</p> +<p><i>Capons:</i> take off the wings and legs; pour on ale or wine, +mince them into the flavoured sauce.</p> +<p>Give your lord the left wing, and if he want it, the right one +too.</p> +<p><i>Pheasants</i>, &c.: take off the wings, put them in the dish, +then the legs.</p> +<p><i>Woodcocks</i>, Heronshaws, Brew, &c.</p> +break the pinions, neck, and beak. +<p>Cut off the legs, then the wings, lay the body between them.</p> +<p><i>Crane</i>: take off the wings, but not the trompe in his +breast.</p> +<p><i>Peacocks</i>, &c.: carve like you do the Crane, keeping their +feet on.</p> +<p><i>Quails</i>, larks, pigeons: give your lord the legs first.</p> +<p><i>Fawn</i>: serve the kidney first, then a rib.</p> +<p>Pick the fyxfax out of the neck.</p> +<p><i>Pig:</i></p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. shoulder,</p> +<p>2. rib.</p> +</div> +<p><i>Rabbit</i>: lay him on his back; pare off his skin; break his +haunch bone, cut him down each side of the back, lay him on his belly, +separate the sides from the chine, put them together again, cutting out +the nape of the neck; give your lord the sides.</p> +<p>Sucking rabbits: cut in two, then the hind part in two; pare the skin +off, serve the daintiest bit from the side.</p> +<p>Such is the way of carving gross meats.</p> +<p>Cut each piece into four slices (?) for your master to dip in his +sauce.</p> +<p>Of large birds’ wings, put only three bits at once in the sauce.</p> +<p>Of small birds’ wings, scrape the flesh to the end of the bone, and +put it on your lord’s trencher.</p> + +<h5>How to carve Baked Meats.</h5> +<p>Open hot ones at the top of the crust, cold ones in the middle.</p> +<p>Take Teal, &c., out of their pie, and mince their wings, stir the +gravy in; your lord may eat it with a spoon.</p> +<p>Cut Venison, &c., in the pasty.</p> +<p>Custard: cut in squares with a knife.</p> +<p>Dowcets: pare away the sides; serve in a sawcer.</p> +<p>Payne-puff: pare the bottom, cut off the top.</p> +<p>Fried things are indigestible.</p> +<p>Poached-egg (?) fritters are best.</p> +<p>Tansey is good hot.</p> +<p>Don’t eat Leessez.</p> +<p>Cooks are always inventing new dishes that tempt people and endanger +their lives: Syrups Comedies, Jellies, that stop the bowels.</p> +<p>Some dishes are prepared with unclarified honey.</p> +<p>Cow-heels and Calves’ feet are sometimes mixed with unsugared leches +and Jellies.</p> +<p>Furmity with venison, mortrewes, jussell, &c., are good.</p> +<p>Other out-of-the-way soups set aside.</p> +<p>Such is a flesh feast in the English way.</p> +<p>Sauces.</p> +<p>Sauces provoke a fine appetite.</p> +<p>Have ready Mustard for brawn, &c.,</p> +<p>Verjuice for veal, &c.,</p> +<p>Chawdon for cygnet and swan, Garlic, &c., for beef and goose, +Ginger for fawn, &c.,</p> +<p>Mustard and sugar for pheasant, &c.,</p> +<p>Gamelyn for heronsew, &c.,</p> +<p>Sugar and Salt for brew, &c.,</p> +<p>Gamelyn for bustard, &c.,</p> +<p>Salt and Cinnamon for woodcock, thrushes, &c., and quails, +&c.</p> + +<h5>How to carve Fish.</h5> +<p>With pea soup or furmity serve a Beaver’s tail, salt Porpoise, +&c.</p> +<p>Split up Herrings, take out the roe and bones, eat with mustard.</p> +<p>Take the skin off salt fish, Salmon, Ling, &c., and let the sauce +be mustard, but for Mackarel, &c., butter of Claynes or Hackney (?) +Of Pike, the belly is best, with plenty of sauce.</p> +<p>Salt Lampreys, cut in seven gobbets, pick out the backbones, serve +with onions and galentine.</p> +<p>Plaice: cut off the fins, cross it with a knife, sauce with wine, +&c.</p> +<p>Gurnard, Chub, Roach, Dace, Cod, &c., split up and spread on the +dish.</p> +<p>Soles, Carp, &c., take off as served.</p> +<p>Whale, porpoise, congur, turbot, Halybut, &c., cut in the dish, +and also Tench in jelly.</p> +<p>On roast Lamprons cast vinegar, &c., and bone them.</p> +<p>Crabs are hard to carve: break every claw, put all the meat in the +body-shell, and then season it with <i>vinegar or verjuice</i> and +powder.</p> +<p>(?) Heat it, and give it to your lord.</p> +<p>Put the claws, broken, in a dish.</p> +<p>The sea Crayfish: cut it asunder, slit the belly of the back part, +take out the fish, clean out the <i>gowt</i> in the middle of the sea +Crayfish’s back; pick it out, tear it off the fish, and put vinegar to +it; break the claws and set them on the table.</p> +<p>Treat the back like the crab, stopping both ends with bread.</p> +<p>The fresh-water Crayfish: serve with vinegar and powder.</p> +<p>Salt Sturgeon: slit its joll, or head, thin.</p> +<p>Whelk: cut off its head and tail, throw away its operculum, mantle, +&c., cut it in two, and put it on the sturgeon, adding vinegar.</p> +<p>Carve Baked Lampreys thus: take off the piecrust, put thin slices of +bread on a Dish, pour galentyne over the bread, add cinnamon and red +wine.</p> +<p>Mince the lampreys, lay them on the sauce, &c., on a hot plate, +serve up to your lord.</p> +<p>White herrings fresh; the roe must be white and tender serve with +salt and wine.</p> +<p>Shrimps picked, lay them round a sawcer, and serve with vinegar.”</p> +<p>“Thanks, father, I know about Carving now, but I hardly dare ask you +about a Sewer’s duties, how he is to serve.”</p> + +<h5>The Duties of a Sewer.</h5> +<p>“Son, since you wish to learn, I will gladly teach you.</p> +<p>Let the Sewer, as soon as the Master begins to say grace, hie to the +kitchen.</p> +<p>I. Ask the Panter for fruits (as butter, grapes, &c.), if they +are to be served.</p> +<p>II. Ask the cook and Surveyor what dishes are prepared.</p> +<p>III. Let the Cook serve up the dishes, the Surveyor deliver them and +you, the Sewer, have skilful officers to prevent any dish being +stolen.</p> +<p>IV. Have proper servants, Marshals, &c., to bring the dishes from +the kitchen.</p> +<p>V. You set them on the table yourself.</p> + +<h5>A Meat Dinner.</h5> + +<h5>First Course.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Mustard and brawn.</p> +<p>2. Potage.</p> +<p>3. Stewed Pheasant and Swan, &c.</p> +<p>4. Baked Venison.</p> +<p>5. A Device of Gabriel greeting Mary.</p> +</div> + +<h5>Second Course.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Blanc Mange (of Meat).</p> +<p>2. Roast Venison, &c.</p> +<p>3. Peacocks, heronsew, egrets, sucking rabbits, larks, bream, +&c.</p> +<p>4. Dowcets, amber Leche, poached fritters.</p> +<p>5. A Device of an Angel appearing to three Shepherds on a hill.</p> +</div> + +<h5>Third Course.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Almond cream.</p> +<p>2. Curlews, Snipes, &c.</p> +<p>3. Fresh-water crayfish, &c.</p> +<p>4. Baked Quinces, Sage fritters, &c.</p> +<p>5. Devices: The Mother of Christ, presented by the Kings of +Cologne.</p> +</div> + +<h5>Dessert.</h5> +<p>White apples, caraways, wafers and Ypocras.</p> + +<h5>Clear the Table.</h5> + +<h5>A Fish Dinner.</h5> + +<h5>First Course.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Minnows, &c.</p> +<p>2. Porpoise and peas.</p> +<p>3. Fresh Millwell.</p> +<p>4. Roast Pike.</p> +<p>5. A Divice: A young man piping on a cloud, and called +<i>Sanguineus</i>, or Spring.</p> +</div> + +<h5>Second Course.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Dates and Jelly,</p> +<p>2. Doree in Syrup,</p> +<p>3. Turbot, &c.</p> +<p>4. Eels, Fritters,</p> +<p>5. A Device: A Man of War, red and angry called <i>Estas</i>, or +Summer.</p> +</div> + +<h5>Third Course.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Almond Cream, &c.,</p> +<p>2. Sturgeon, Whelks, Minnows,</p> +<p>3. Shrimps, &c.,</p> +<p>4. Fritters.</p> +<p>5. A Device: A Man with a Sickle, tired, called Harvest.</p> +</div> + +<h5>Fourth Course.</h5> +<p>Hot apples, Ginger, Wafers, Ypocras.</p> +<p>The last Device, <i>Yemps</i> or Winter, with grey locks, sitting on +a stone.</p> +<p>These Devices represent the Ages of Man:</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p><i>Sanguineus</i>, the 1st age, of pleasure.</p> +<p><i>Colericus</i>, the 2nd, of quarrelling.</p> +<p><i>Autumpnus</i> the 3rd, of melancholy.</p> +<p><i>Winter</i>, the 4th, of aches and troubles.</p> +</div> +<p>These Devices give great pleasure, when shown in a house.</p> + +<h5>Inscriptions for the Devices.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p><i>Spring.</i> Loving, laughing, singing, benign.</p> +<p><i>Summer.</i> Prickly, angry, crafty, lean.</p> +<p><i>Autumn.</i> Sleepy, dull, sluggish, fat, white-faced.</p> +<p><i>Winter.</i> Envious, sad, timid, yellow-coloured.</p> +</div> + +<h5>A Franklin’s Feast.</h5> +<p>Brawn, bacon and pease, beef and boiled chickens, roast goose, capon, +and custade.</p> + +<h5>Second Course.</h5> +<p>Mortrewes, veal, rabbit, chicken, dowcettes, fritters, or leche, +spiced pears, bread and cheese, spiced cakes, bragot and mead.</p> + +<h5>Dinners on Fish-days.</h5> +<p>Gudgeons, minnows, venprides (?) musclade (?) of almonds, oysters +dressed, porpoise or seal, pike cullis, jelly, dates, quinces, pears, +houndfish, rice, mameny.</p> +<p>If you don’t like these potages, taste them only.</p> + +<h5>Fish Sauces.</h5> +<p>Mustard for salt herring, conger, mackerel, &c.</p> +<p>Vinegar for salt porpoise, swordfish, &c.</p> +<p>Sour wine for whale, with powder.</p> +<p>Wine for plaice.</p> +<p>Galantine for lamprey.</p> +<p>Verjuice for mullet.</p> +<p>Cinnamon for base, carp, and chub.</p> +<p>Garlic, verjuice, and pepper, for houndfish, stockfish, &c.</p> +<p>Vinegar, cinnamon, and ginger, for fresh-water crayfish, fresh +porpoise, sturgeon, &c.</p> +<p>Green Sauce for green fish (fresh ling): Mustard is best for every +dish.</p> +<p>Other sauces are served at grand feasts, but the above will please +familiar guests.”</p> +<p>“Fair fall you, father! You have taught me lovesomely; but please +tell me, too, the duties of a Chamberlain.”</p> + +<h5>The Chamberlain’s Duties.</h5> +<p>He must be diligent, neatly dressed, clean-washed, careful of fire +and candle, attentive to his master, light of ear, looking out for +things that will please.</p> +<p>The Chamberlain must prepare for his lord a clean shirt, under and +upper coat and doublet, breeches, socks, and slippers as brown as a +water-leech.</p> +<p>In the morning, must have clean linen ready, warmed by a clear +fire.</p> +<p>When his lord rises, he gets ready the foot-sheet; puts a cushioned +chair before the fire, a cushion for the feet, and over all spreads the +foot-sheet: has a comb and kerchief ready, and then asks his lord to +come to the fire and dress while he waits by.</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Give your master his under coat,</p> +<p>2. His doublet,</p> +<p>3. Stomacher well warmed,</p> +<p>4. Vampeys and socks,</p> +<p>5. Draw on his socks, breeches, and shoes,</p> +<p>6. Pull up his breeches,</p> +<p>7. Tie ’em up,</p> +<p>8. Lace his doublet,</p> +<p>9. Put a kerchief round his neck,</p> +<p>10. Comb his head with an ivory comb,</p> +<p>11. Give him warm water to wash with,</p> +<p>12. Kneel down and ask him what gown he’ll wear:</p> +<p>13. Get the gown,</p> +<p>14. Hold it out to him;</p> +<p>15. Get his girdle,</p> +<p>16. His Robe.</p> +<p>17. His hood or hat.</p> +<p>18. Before he goes brush him carefully.</p> +</div> +<p>Before your lord goes to church, see that his pew is made ready, +cushion, curtain, &c.</p> +<p>Return to his bedroom, throw off the clothes, beat the featherbed, +see that the fustian and sheets are clean.</p> +<p>Cover the bed with a coverlet, spread out the bench covers and +cushions, set up the headsheet and pillow, remove the urinal and basin, +lay carpets round the bed, and with others dress the windows and +cupboard, have a fire laid.</p> +<p>Keep the Privy sweet and clean, cover the boards with green cloth, so +that no wood shows at the hole; put a cushion there, and have some +blanket, cotton, or linen to wipe on; have a basin, jug, and towel, +ready for your lord to wash when he leaves the privy.</p> +<p>In the Wardrobe take care to keep the clothes well, and brush ’em +with a soft brush at least once a week, for fear of moths.</p> +<p>Look after your Drapery and Skinnery.</p> +<p>If your lord will take a nap after his meal, have ready kerchief, +comb, pillow and headsheet (don’t let him sleep too long), water and +towel.</p> +<p>When he goes to bed,</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Spread out the footsheet,</p> +<p>2. Take off your lord’s Robe and put it away.</p> +<p>3. Put a cloak on his back,</p> +<p>4. Set him on his footsheet,</p> +<p>5. Pull off his shoes, socks, and breeches,</p> +<p>6. Throw the breeches over your arm,</p> +<p>7. Comb his head,</p> +<p>8. Put on his kerchief and nightcap,</p> +<p>9. Have the bed, and headsheet, &c., ready,</p> +<p>10. Draw the curtains,</p> +<p>11. Set the night-light,</p> +<p>12. Drive out dogs and cats,</p> +<p>13. Bow to your lord,</p> +<p>14. Keep the night-stool and urinal ready for whenever he calls, and +take it back when done with.</p> +</div> + +<h5>How to prepare a Bath.</h5> +<p>Hang round the roof, sheets full of sweet herbs, have five or six +sponges to sit or lean on, and one great sponge to sit on with a sheet +over and a sponge under his feet.</p> +<p>Mind the door’s shut.</p> +<p>With a basinful of hot herbs, wash him with a soft sponge, throw +rose-water on him; let him go to bed.</p> +<p>Put his socks and slippers on, stand him on his footsheet, wipe him +dry, take him to bed to cure his troubles.</p> + +<h5>To make a Medicinal Bath.</h5> +<p>Boil together hollyhock centaury, herb-benet, scabious, withy leaves; +throw them hot into a vessel, set your lord on it; let him bear it as +hot as he can, and whatever disease he has will certainly be cured, as +men say.</p> + +<h5>The Duties of an Usher and Marshal.</h5> +<p>He must know the rank and precedence of all people.</p> +<p>I.</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. The Pope.</p> +<p>2. Emperor.</p> +<p>3. King.</p> +<p>4. Cardinal.</p> +<p>5. Prince.</p> +<p>6. Archbishop.</p> +<p>7. Royal Duke.</p> +</div> +<p>II. Bishop, &c.</p> +<p>III.</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Viscount.</p> +<p>2. Mitred abbot.</p> +<p>3. Three Chief Justices.</p> +<p>4. Mayor of London.</p> +</div> +<p>IV. (The Knight’s rank.)</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Cathedral Prior, Knight Bachelor.</p> +<p>2. Dean, Archdeacon.</p> +<p>3. Master of the Rolls.</p> +<p>4. Puisné Judge.</p> +<p>5. Clerk of the Crown.</p> +<p>6. Mayor of Calais.</p> +<p>7. Doctor of Divinity.</p> +<p>8. Prothonotary.</p> +<p>9. Pope’s Legate.</p> +</div> +<p>V. (The Squire’s rank.)</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Doctor of Laws.</p> +<p>2. Ex-Mayor of London.</p> +<p>3. Serjeant of Law.</p> +<p>4. Masters of Chancery.</p> +<p>5. Preacher.</p> +<p>6. Masters of Arts.</p> +<p>7. Other Religious.</p> +<p>8. Parsons and Vicars.</p> +<p>9. Parish Priests.</p> +<p>10. City Bailiffs.</p> +<p>11. Serjeant at Arms.</p> +<p>12. Heralds (the chief Herald has first place),</p> +<p>13. Merchants,</p> +<p>14. Gentlemen,</p> +<p>15. Gentlewomen may all eat with squires.</p> +</div> +<p>I have now told you the rank of every class, and now I’ll tell you +how they may be grouped at table.</p> +<p>I. Pope, King, Prince, Archbishop and Duke.</p> +<p>II. Bishop, Marquis, Viscount, Earl.</p> +<p>III. The Mayor of London, Baron, Mitred Abbot, three Chief Justices, +Speaker, may sit together, two or three at a mess.</p> +<p>IV. The other ranks (three or four to a mess) equal to a Knight, +unmitred Abbot, Dean, Master of the Rolls, under Judges, Doctor of +Divinity, Prothonotary, Mayor of Calais.</p> +<p>V. Other ranks equal to a Squire, four to a mess.</p> +<p>Serjeants of Law, ex-Mayor of London, Masters of Chancery, Preachers +and Parsons, Apprentices of Law, Merchants and Franklins.</p> +<p>Each estate or rank shall sit at meat by itself, not seeing +another.</p> +<p>The Bishop of Canterbury shall be served apart from the Archbishop of +York, and the Metropolitan alone.</p> +<p>The Bishop of York must not eat before the Primate of England.</p> +<p>Sometimes a Marshal is puzzled by Lords of royal blood being poor, +and others not royal being rich; also by a Lady of royal blood marrying +a knight, and <i>vice versâ</i>.</p> +<p>The Lady of royal blood shall keep her rank; the Lady of low blood +shall take her husband’s rank.</p> +<p>Property is not so worthy as royal blood, so the latter prevails over +the former, for royal blood may become King.</p> +<p>The parents of a Pope or Cardinal must not presume to equality with +their son, and must not want to sit by him, but in a separate room.</p> +<p>A Marshal must look to the rank of every estate, and do honour to +<i>foreign visitors</i> and residents.</p> +<p>A well-trained Marshal should think beforehand where to place +strangers at the table.</p> +<p>If the King sends any messenger to your Lord receive him one degree +higher than his rank.</p> +<p>The King’s groom may dine with a Knight or Marshal, A Marshal must +also understand the rank of County and Borough officers, and that a +Knight of blood and property is above a poor Knight, the Mayor of London +above the Mayor of Queenborough, the Abbot of Westminster above the poor +Abbot of Tintern, the Prior of Canterbury above the Prior of Dudley, the +Prior who is Prelate of a Cathedral Church above any Abbot or Prior of +his diocese, a Doctor of 12 years’ standing above one of 9 (though the +latter be the richer), the old Aldermen above the young ones, and</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. the Master of a craft,</p> +<p>2. the ex-warden.</p> +</div> +<p>Before every feast, then, think what people are coming, and settle +what their order of precedence is to be.</p> +<p>If in doubt, ask your lord or the chief officer, and then you’ll do +wrong to no one, but set all according to their birth and dignity.</p> +<p>Now I have told you of Court Manners, how to manage in Pantry, +Buttery, Carving, and as Sewer, and Marshal, as I learnt with a Royal +Prince whose Usher and Marshal I was.</p> +<p>All other officers have to obey me.</p> +<p>Our office is the chief, whether the Cook likes it or not.</p> +<p>All these offices may be filled by one man, but a Prince’s dignity +requires each office to have its officer, and a servant under him, (all +knowing their duties perfectly) to wait on their Lord and please his +guests.</p> +<p>Don’t fear to serve a prince; take good heed to your duties, watch, +and you need not fear.</p> +<p><i>Tasting</i> is done only for those of royal blood, as a Pope, +King, Duke, and Earl: not below.</p> +<p>Tasting is done for fear of poison; therefore keep your room secure, +and close your safe, for fear of tricks.</p> +<p>A Prince’s Steward and Chamberlain have the oversight of all offices +and of tasting, and they must tell the Marshal, Sewer, and Carver how to +do it.</p> +<p>I don’t propose to write more on this matter.</p> +<p>I tried this treatise myself, in my youth, and enjoyed these matters, +but now age compels me to leave the court; so try yourself.”</p> +<p>“Blessing on you, Father, for this your teaching of me! Now I shall +dare to serve where before I was afraid. I will try, and shall learn by +practice. May God reward you for teaching me!”</p> +<p>“Good son, and all readers of this <i>Boke of Nurture</i>, pray for +the soul of me, John Russell, (servant of Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester;) +also for the Duke, my wife, father, and mother, that we may all go to +bliss when we die.”</p> +<p>Little book, commend me to all learners, and to the experienced, whom +I pray to correct its faults.</p> +<p>Any such, put to my copying, which I have done as I best could.</p> +<p>The transcriber is not to blame; he copied what was before him, and +neither of us wrote it, I only corrected the rhyme.</p> +<p>God! grant us grace to rule in Heaven with Thine elect!</p> + +<h4><a name="side_andrewe" id="side_andrewe"> +Andrewe, <i>Extracts on Fish</i></a></h4> + +<p><i>Eel.</i> Is of no sex; is best roasted.</p> +<p><i>Herring.</i> Is delicious when fresh, or salted. Dies when it +feels the air.</p> +<p><i>Whale?</i> Shipmen cast anchor on him, and make a fire on him. He +swims away, and drowns them.</p> +<p><i>Ahuna.</i> When the Ahuna is in danger, he puts his head in his +belly, and eats a bit of himself.</p> +<p><i>Balena.</i> (The woodcut is a big Merman. ? Whale.) Are seen most +in winter; breed in summer. In rough weather Balena puts her young in +her mouth.</p> +<p><i>Crevice</i> (Sea and Fresh Water Crayfish). How they engender, and +hybernate. How the Crayfish manages to eat Oysters.</p> +<p>Fresh-Water Crayfish is hard to digest.</p> +<p><i>Carp.</i> Is difficult to net.</p> +<p><i>Whale.</i> Likes Harmony. Gets harpooned, rubs the harpoon into +himself, and slays himself.</p> +<p>Phocas. Kills his wife and gets another.</p> +<p>Halata. Takes her young out of her womb to look at ’em.</p> +<p><i>Pike:</i> eats venomous beasts; is begotten by a West Wind.</p> +<p>Sea-Mouse Musculus is the cock of Balena.</p> +<p><i>Lamprey.</i> Must be boiled in wine.</p> +<p>Mulus: has 2 beards.</p> +<p>Orchun. Is Balene’s deadly enemy.</p> +<p>Pecten: winks.</p> +<p>Pinna. How he catches small fishes.</p> +<p>Serra. Cuts through ships with his fins.</p> +<p>Siren. Siren is like an eagle below, sings sweet songs to mariners, +and tears them to pieces.</p> +<p><i>Sturgeon.</i> Eats no food, has no mouth, grows fat on east wind. +Has no bones in his body.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_neckeweede" id="side_neckeweede"> +Wilyam Bulleyn on <i>Boxyng & Neckeweede</i></a></h4> + +<p>For saucy louts, the best cure is Boxing.</p> + +<p>The names of Hemp.</p> +<p>Neckweed (a halter) is good for thievish apprentices, for +swashbucklers past grace, and all scamps.</p> +<p>Also for young spendthrifts who after their parents’ death waste +their all with harlots and in gambling which makes men beggars, or +thieves.</p> +<p>A life of reckless debauchery and robbery ends with Hemp.</p> +<p>The use of Hemp to the Sailor, Plowman, Fisher and Archer.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_borde" id="side_borde"> +Andrew Borde on <i>Sleep, Rising, and Dress</i></a></h4> + +<p>After Dinner, sleep standing against a cupboard.</p> +<p>Before bedtime be merry.</p> +<p>Have a fire in your bedroom, but stand a good way off it.</p> +<p>Shut your windows.</p> +<p>Lie first on your left side.</p> +<p>To sleep groveling on the belly, is bad; on the back upright, is +worse.</p> +<p>Wear a scarlet nightcap.</p> +<p>Have a flock bed over your featherbed.</p> +<p>On rising, remember God, brush your breeches, put on your hose, +stretch, go to stool.</p> +<p>Truss your points, comb your head, wash your hands and face, take a +stroll, pray to God.</p> +<p>Play at tennis, or wield weights.</p> +<p>At meals, eat only of 2 or 3 dishes; let supper-dishes be light.</p> +<p>Wear a scarlet petycote.</p> +<p>Line a jacket with white and black lambskin sewn diamond-wise.</p> +<p>Keep your neck warm.</p> +<p>Wear goatskin gloves.</p> +<p>Don’t stand long on grass or stones.</p> +<p>Don’t sleep in ratty rooms.</p> +<p>Don’t take cold in your feet.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_vaughan" id="side_vaughan"> +William Vaughan’s <i>Fifteen Directions to preserve Health</i></a></h4> + +<p>1. Stretch yourself.</p> +<p>2. Rub yourself.</p> +<p>3. Go to stool.</p> +<p>4. Put on your clothes.</p> +<p>5. Comb your head.</p> +<p>6. Clean your teeth.</p> +<p class="inset"> +(How to keep the teeth sound and the breath sweet. Use Vaughan’s Water +made after this recipe. It’s better than 1000 Dentrifices.)</p> +<p>7. Wash. The best remedy for dim sight.</p> +<p>8. Say your Prayers.</p> +<p>9. Set to work. Be honest.</p> +<p>10. Eat only three meals a day. Eat light food before heavy. Drink +hinders digestion. Use silver cups.</p> +<p>11. Don’t work directly after meals, but talk, wash, and clean your +teeth.</p> +<p>12. Undress by the fire in winter.</p> +<p>13. Before bed, chew Mastic, and</p> +<p>14. Pray to God. Look at your water in a Urinal. Have a hole in your +nightcap.</p> +<p>15. Against rheums, eat white pepper.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_dyet" id="side_dyet"> +Harington, <i>The Dyet for every Day</i>.</a></h4> + +<p>Stretch your limbs, rub your body and head; protect yourself from +cold; +dress, washing in Summer, warming yourself in Winter.</p> +<p>In Summer wear deer’s and calves’ skins, in Winter, wolf and fox +skins.</p> +<p>Comb your head 40 times, wash your face, clean your eyelids, rub your +neck well.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_sleep" id="side_sleep"> +Harington, <i>On Rising, Diet, and Going to Bed</i>.</a></h4> + +<p>On rising, empty your bladder and belly, nose and lungs.</p> +<p>Cleanse your whole body.</p> +<p>Say your Prayers.</p> +<p>Walk gently, go to stool.</p> +<p>Work in the forenoon.</p> +<p>Always wear a precious stone in a ring; hold a crystal in your mouth; +for the virtue of precious stones is great.</p> +<p>Eat only twice a day.</p> +<p>Don’t drink between dinner and supper.</p> +<p>Don’t have one fixed hour for your meals.</p> +<p>In Winter eat in hot well-aired places.</p> +<p>Fast for a day now and then.</p> +<p>Eat more at supper than dinner.</p> +<p>After meals, wash your face, and clean your teeth, chat and walk +soberly.</p> +<p>Don’t sit up late.</p> +<p>Before bed, rub your body gently.</p> +<p>Undress by a fire in Winter, and warm your garments well Put off your +cares with your clothes, and take them up again in the morning.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_keruynge" id="side_keruynge"> +<i>The Boke of Keruynge</i></a></h4> + +<h5>The Book of Carving and Arranging; and the Dishes for all the Feasts +in the year.</h5> + +<p>Terms of a Carver:</p> +<p>Slice brawn, spoil a hen, unbrace a mallard, untache a curlew, border +a pasty, thigh small birds, splat a pike, fin a chub, barb a +lobster.</p> + +<p>The Butler has 3 knives:</p> +<p class="inset"> +1. a squarer, 2. a chipper, 3. a smoother.</p> +<p>Trencher-bread must be 4 days old; the Salt-Planer of ivory; table +cloths kept in a chest, or hung on a perch.</p> +<p>To broach a Pipe, have 2 augers, funnels, and tubes, and pierce the +Pipe 4 inches from the bottom.</p> +<p>Always have ready fruits and hard cheese.</p> +<p>Beware of cow cream.</p> +<p>Hard cheese is aperient, and keeps off poison.</p> +<p>Milk and Junket close the Maw.</p> +<p>For food that sets your teeth on edge, eat an almond and hard +cheese.</p> +<p>A raw apple will cure indigestion.</p> +<p>See every night that your wines don’t boil over or leak.</p> +<p>You’ll know their fermenting by their hissing.</p> + +<h5>Names of Wines</h5> +<p>Campolet, Rhenish, &c</p> + +<h5>To make Ypocras.</h5> +<p>Take spices; put 6 bags on a perch, 6 pewter basins under, ginger and +cinnamon.</p> +<p>(Of the qualities of spices.) Pound each spice separately, put ’em in +bladders, and hang ’em in your bags, add a gallon of red wine to ’em, +stir it well, run it through two bags, taste it, pass it through 6 +runners, and put it in a close vessel.</p> +<p>Keep the dregs for cooking.</p> +<p>Have your Compost clean, and your ale 5 days old, but not dead.</p> + +<h5>To lay the Cloth.</h5> +<p>Put on a <i>couch</i>, then a second cloth, the fold on the outer +edge; a third, the fold on the inner edge.</p> +<p>Cover your cupboard, put a towel round your neck, one side lying on +your left arm; on that, 7 loaves of eating bread and 4 trencher +loaves.</p> +<p>In your left hand a saltcellar, in your right the towel.</p> +<p>Set the saltcellar on your lord’s right, and trenchers on the left of +it.</p> +<p>Lay knives, bread, spoons, napkins, and cover ’em up.</p> + +<h5>To wrap your Lord’s bread stately.</h5> +<p>Square the loaves; take a Reynes towel 2½ yards long by the ends; put +it on the table, pinch up a handful of one end, and lay it between 2 +towels, and on it lay your 6 or 7 loaves bottom to bottom.</p> +<p>Put salt, cups, &c., on the other tables.</p> +<p>See that your <i>Ewery</i> is properly supplied, and your ale-pots +kept clean.</p> + +<h5>To arrange the Surnape.</h5> +<p>Put a cloth under a double towel, hold 3 ends together, fold them in +a foot-broad pleat, and lay it smooth.</p> +<p>After washing, the Marshal must carry the surnape out.</p> +<p>Leave out half a yard to make estate.</p> +<p>When your lord has washed, remove the Surnape.</p> +<p>When he is seated, salute him, uncover your bread, kneel on your knee +till 8 loaves are served out (?) Provide as many cups as dishes.</p> + +<p>The <i>Sewer</i> or arranger of dishes must ascertain what dishes and +fruits are prepared daily for dinner; and he must have people ready to +carry up the dishes.</p> + +<h5>The Succession of Dishes.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Brawn, &c.</p> +<p>2. Pheasant, &c.</p> +<p>3. Meat Fritters, &c</p> +<p>4. For a standard, a peacock with his tail.</p> +<p>5. Doucettes, Paynpuff, Brew, Snipe, Petyperuys and Fayge,</p> +<p>Caraways, &c.</p> +</div> +<p>Clear the table</p> + +<h5>Keruynge of Flesshe.</h5> +<p>Your hands must be clean; only two fingers and a thumb should be put +on your knife, or on fish, flesh, or fowl.</p> +<p>Wipe your knife on your napkin.</p> +<p>Lay 4 trenchers for your lord, with 2 or 4 on them and the upper +crust of a fine loaf.</p> +<p>Give heed to what is indigestible, as resty, fat things, feathers, +heads, legs, &c.</p> + +<h5>Keruynge of Flesshe.</h5> +<p>How to carve Brawn, Venison, (cut it in 12 bits and slice it into the +furmity,) Pheasant, Stockdoves, (mince the wings into the syrup,) Goose, +Teal, &c., (take off the legs and wings,) Capon, (mince the wing +with wine or ale,) Plover, Lapwing, Bittern, Egret.</p> +<p>How to carve a Crane, (mind the trump in his breast,) Shoveler, +Quail, Martins, Swallow, Fawn, Kid, Roast Venison, Cony, (lay him on his +belly with his two cut-off sides, on each side of him.) +Cut 4 strips to each bit of meat, for your lord to pick it up by.</p> +<p>Open hot Meat-Pies at the top; cold in the middle.</p> +<p>Cut Custards in inch blocks.</p> +<p>Doucettes, pare off sides and bottom.</p> +<p>Fritters hot are good, cold bad.</p> +<p>Tansey is good.</p> +<p>Jelly, Blanche Manger, Charlet, &c., are good, and no other +potages.</p> + +<h5>Sauces for all maner of Fowles.</h5> +<p>Mustard for beef; Verjuice for boiled chickens; Cawdrons for swans; +Garlick, &c., for beef.</p> +<p>Ginger for lamb; Gamelyne for heronsewe, &c.; Salt, Sugar and +Water of Tame for brew, &c.</p> +<p>White salt for lapwings, &c.</p> +<p>Cinnamon and salt for thrushes &c.</p> + +<h5>The Dinner Courses from Easter to Whitsunday.</h5> +<p>From Easter to Pentecost, set bread, trenchers and spoons:</p> +<p class="inset"> +6 or 8 trenchers for a great lord, 3 for one of low degree.</p> +<p>Then cut bread for eating.</p> +<p>For Easter-day Feast: First Course: +A Calf, boiled and blessed; boiled Eggs and green sauce; Potage, with +beef, saffron-stained Capons.</p> +<p>Second Course: Mameny, Pigeons, Chewets, Flawnes.</p> +<p>Supper: Chickens, Veal, roast Kid, Pigs’-Feet, a Tansey fried.</p> +<p>Green Sauces of sorrel or vines, for the first course.</p> + +<h5>Keruyng of all maner of Fowles.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p><i>How to carve a Capon.</i> Sauce: green sauce or verjuice.</p> +<p><i>Swan.</i> Chawdron is the sauce for him.</p> +<p><i>Pheasant.</i> No sauce but Salt.</p> +<p><i>Partridge.</i> Sauce for Partridges.</p> +<p><i>How to carve a Quail.</i> Sauce: salt.</p> +<p><i>Crane.</i> Sauce: ginger, mustard, vinegar, and salt.</p> +<p><i>Heron.</i> Sauce as before.</p> +<p><i>Rittern.</i> Salt, the sauce.</p> +<p><i>Egret.</i> Salt, the sauce.</p> +<p><i>Curlew.</i> Salt, as sauce.</p> +<p><i>Brew.</i> Salt, as sauce.</p> +<p><i>Cony (or Rabbit.)</i> Sauce: vinegar and ginger.</p> +<p><i>Sarcel or Teal.</i></p> +<p><i>Plover.</i></p> +<p><i>Snipe.</i></p> +<p><i>Woodcock.</i></p> +</div> + +<h5>Sauces for the Second Course.</h5> +<p>First Course: Beef and Capons.</p> +<p>How to sauce and carve a Roast capon: lay him out as if ready to +fly.</p> +<p>Second Course: Potage, Charlet, young Geese, Payne Puff, &c.</p> +<p>How to carve a Goose.</p> +<p>Goose must be eaten with green garlic or verjuice.</p> + +<h5>Dinner Courses from the Nativity of St John the Baptist, (<em>June +24,</em>) to Michaelmas.</h5> +<p>First Course: soups, vegetables, legs of Pork, &c.</p> +<p>Second Course: roast Mutton, glazed Pigeons, Fritters, &c.</p> +<p>Serve a Pheasant dry, with salt and ginger: a Heronsewe with salt and +powder (blanche?) Treat open-clawed birds like capons.</p> + +<h5>Dinner Courses from Michaelmas to Christmas.</h5> +<p>First Course: legs of Pork, &c.</p> +<p>Second Course: Widgeon, Fieldfares, Chewets, Beef, with sauces +Gelopere and Pegyll.</p> +<p>Cut the skin off boiled meats.</p> +<p>Carve carefully for Ladies; they soon get angry.</p> +<p>Carve Goose and Swan like other birds.</p> +<p>The skin of cloven-footed birds is unwholsome; of whole-footed birds +wholesome, because the water washes all corruption out of ’em.</p> +<p>Chicken’s skin is not so pure, because their nature is not to enter +into the river.</p> +<p>River birds cleanse their foul stink in the river.</p> +<p>Take off the heads of all field birds, for they eat worms, toads, and +the like.</p> + +<h5>Sewynge of Fysshe.</h5> +<p><i>First Course:</i> +<i>Musculade.</i> Salens, &c., baked Gurnet.</p> +<p><i>Second Course:</i> +Jelly, dates, &c. For a standard, Mullet, Chub, Seal, &c.</p> +<p><i>Third Course:</i> +Bream, Perch, Whelks; and pears in sugar candy. Figs, dates capped with +minced ginger, &c.</p> +<p>All over! Clear the table.</p> + +<h5>Carving and Dressing of Fish</h5> +<p>Put tails and livers in the pea broth and furmity.</p> +<p>How to carve Seal Turrentyne, baked Herring, white Herring, Green +Fish, Merling, Hake, Pike, salt Lamprey, Plaice.</p> +<p>Gurnard, Bream, Roach, Whiting, Codling.</p> +<p>Carp, Trout, Conger, Thornback, Halibut, Tench, and Crab.</p> +<p>How to dress and serve up a Crab.</p> +<p>How to dress and carve a Crayfish, a Joll of Sturgeon, a fresh +Lamprey, pasty. (sauce, Galentyne with red wine and powdered cinnamon.) +Fresh Herring, &c.</p> +<p>Sprats, Musculade in worts, Oysters.</p> +<p>Dates, pears, Mortrewes of Dogfish.</p> + +<h5>Sauces for Fish.</h5> +<p>Mustard for Salmon, &c.; Vinegar for salt Whale, &c.; +Galentyne for Lamprey; Verjuice for Roach, &c.; Cinnamon for Chub, +&c.; Green Sauce for Halibut, &c.</p> + +<h5>The Duties of a Chamberlain.</h5> +<p>He must be cleanly, and comb his hair; see to his Lord’s clothes, and +brush his hose; in the morning warm his shirt, and prepare his +footsheet; warm his petycote, &c.; put on his shoes, tie up his +hose, comb his head, wash his hands, put on the robe he orders.</p> +<p>Make ready his Closet in the Church or Chapel, then come home to his +Bed-chamber, take off the bed-clothes.</p> +<p>Make his lord’s bed again with clean sheets, and lay hangings round +the bed, and windows, &c.</p> +<p>Keep the privy clean, and the board covered with green cloth, and +provide down or cotton for wiping.</p> +<p>When he goes to bed, let him wash; put him on a mantle, take off his +shoes, &c.</p> +<p>Comb his head, put on his night-cap, draw the curtains round him, +drive out the dogs and cats, set the urinal near, and then take +leave.</p> + +<h5>Of the Marshal and Usher.</h5> +<p>He must know the orders of precedence of all ranks.</p> +<p>A Cardinal before a Prince.</p> +<p>The Mayor of London ranks with the 3 Chief Justices.</p> +<p>The Knight’s equals.</p> +<p>The ex-Mayor of London.</p> +<p>The Esquire’s equals. Who must dine alone, who 2 together, who 2 or +3, who 3 or 4. The Marshall must know who are of royal blood, for that +has the reverence. He must take heed of the King’s officers, do honour +to strangers, and receive a Messenger from the King as if one degree +higher than he is, for a King’s groom may sit at a Knight’s table.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_curtasye" id="side_curtasye"> +The Boke of Curtasye</a></h4> + +<p>In this book you may learn Courtesy. Every one needs it.</p> +<p>On reaching a Lord’s gate, give the Porter your weapon, and ask leave +to go in.</p> +<p>If the master is of low degree, he will come to you: if of high, the +Porter will take you to him.</p> +<p>At the Hall-door, take off your hood and gloves, greet the Steward, +&c., at the dais, bow to the Gentlemen on each side of the hall both +right and left; notice the yeomen, then stand before the screen till the +Marshal or Usher leads you to the table.</p> +<p>Be sedate and courteous if you are set with the gentlemen.</p> +<p>Cut your loaf in two, the top from the bottom; cut the top crust in +4, and the bottom in 3. cut the top crust in 4, and the bottom in 3.</p> +<p>Put your trencher before you, and don’t eat or drink till your Mess +is brought from the kitchen, lest you be thought starved or a +glutton.</p> +<p>Have your nails clean.</p> +<p>Don’t bite your bread, but break it.</p> +<p>Don’t quarrel at table, or make grimaces.</p> +<p>Don’t cram your cheeks out with food like an ape, for if any one +should speak to you, you can’t answer, but must wait.</p> +<p>Don’t eat on both sides of your mouth.</p> +<p>Don’t laugh with your mouth full, or sup up your potage noisily.</p> +<p>Don’t leave your spoon in the dish or on its side, but clean your +spoon.</p> +<p>Let no dirt off your fingers soil the cloth.</p> +<p>Don’t put into the dish bread that you have once bitten.</p> +<p>Dry your mouth before you drink.</p> +<p>Don’t call for a dish once removed, or spit on the table: that’s +rude.</p> +<p>Don’t scratch your dog.</p> +<p>If you blow your nose, clean your hand; wipe it with your skirt or +put it through your tippet.</p> +<p>Don’t pick your teeth at meals, or drink with food in your mouth, as +you may get choked, or killed, by its stopping your wind.</p> +<p>Tell no tale to harm or shame your companions.</p> +<p>Don’t stroke the cat or dog.</p> +<p>Don’t dirty the table cloth with your knife.</p> +<p>Don’t blow on your food, or put your knife in your mouth, or wipe +your teeth or eyes with the table cloth.</p> +<p>If you sit by a good man, don’t put your knee under his thigh.</p> +<p>Don’t hand your cup to any one with your back towards him.</p> +<p>Don’t lean on your elbow, or dip your thumb into your drink, or your +food into the salt cellar: +That is a vice.</p> +<p>Don’t spit in the basin you wash in or loosely (?) before a man of +God.</p> + +<p>If you go to school you shall learn:</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Cross of Christ,</p> +<p>2. Pater Noster,</p> +<p>3. Hail Mary and the Creed,</p> +<p>4. In the name of the Trinity,</p> +<p>5. of the Apostles,</p> +<p>6. the Confession.</p> +</div> +<p>Seek the kingdom of God, and worship Him.</p> +<p>At church, take holy water; pray for all Christian companions; kneel +to God on both knees, to man only on one.</p> +<p>At the Altar, serve the priest with both hands.</p> +<p>Speak gently to your father and mother, and honour them.</p> +<p>Do to others as you would they should do to you.</p> +<p>Don’t be foolishly meek.</p> +<p>The seed of the righteous shall never beg or be shamed.</p> +<p>Be ready forgive, and fond of peace.</p> +<p>If you cannot give an asker goods, give him good words.</p> +<p>Be willing to help every one.</p> +<p>Give your partner his fair share.</p> +<p>Go on the pilgrimages (?) you vow to saints, lest God take vengeance +on you.</p> +<p>Don’t believe all who speak fair: the Serpent spoke fair words (to +Eve).</p> +<p>Be cautious with your words, except when angry.</p> +<p>Don’t lie, but keep your word.</p> +<p>Don’t laugh too often, or you’ll be called a shrew or a fool.</p> +<p>Man’s 3 enemies are: the Devil, the Flesh, and the World.</p> +<p>Destroy these, and be sure of heaven.</p> +<p>Don’t strive with your lord, or bet or play with him.</p> +<p>In a strange place don’t be too inquisitive or fussy.</p> +<p>If a man falls, don’t laugh, but help him up: your own head may fall +to your feet.</p> +<p>At the Mass, if the priest doesn’t please you, don’t blame him.</p> +<p>Don’t tell your secrets to a shrew.</p> +<p>Don’t beckon, point, or whisper.</p> +<p>When you meet a man, greet him, or answer him cheerily if he greets +you: +don’t be dumb, lest men say you have no mouth.</p> +<p>Never speak improperly of women, for we and our fathers were all born +of women.</p> +<p>A wife should honour and obey her husband, and serve him.</p> +<p>Try to reconcile brothers if they quarrel.</p> +<p>At a gate, let your equal precede you; go behind your superior and +your master unless he bids you go beside him.</p> +<p>On a pilgrimage don’t be third man: 3 oxen can’t draw a plough.</p> +<p>Don’t drink all that’s in a cup offered you; take a little.</p> +<p>If you sleep with any man, ask what part of the bed he likes, and lie +far from him.</p> +<p>If you journey with any man, find out his name, who he is, where he +is going.</p> +<p>With friars on a pilgrimage, do as they do.</p> +<p>Don’t put up at a red (haired and faced) man or woman’s house.</p> +<p>Answer opponents meekly, but don’t tell lies.</p> +<p>Before your lord at table, keep your hands, feet, and fingers +still.</p> +<p>Don’t stare about, or at the wall, or lean against the post.</p> +<p>Don’t pick your nose, scratch your arm, or stoop your head.</p> +<p>Listen when you’re spoken to.</p> +<p>Never harm child or beast with evil eye (?) Don’t blush when you’re +chaffed, or you’ll be accused of mischief.</p> +<p>Don’t make faces.</p> +<p>Wash before eating.</p> +<p>Sit where the host tells you; avoid the highest place unless you’re +told to take it.</p> + +<h5>Of the Officers in Lords’ Courts.</h5> +<p>Four bear rods; three wands:</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Porter, the longest,</p> +<p>2. Marshal,</p> +<p>3. Usher, the shortest,</p> +<p>4. Steward, a staff, a finger thick, half a yard long.</p> +</div> + +<h5>Of the Porter.</h5> +<p>He keeps the Gate and Stocks, takes charge of misdoers till judged, +also of clothes, and warns strangers.</p> +<p>He is found in meat and drink.</p> +<p>On his lord’s removing, he hires horses at 4d. a piece, the statute +price.</p> + +<h5>Of the Marshal of the Hall</h5> +<p><i>How long Squires shall have allowances, and Fire shall burn in the +Hall.</i></p> +<p>He shall arrest rebels, when the steward is away.</p> +<p>Yeoman-Usher and Groom are under him.</p> +<p>The Groom gets fuel for the fire, and makes one in Hall for every +meal; looks after tables, trestles, forms, the cup-board, and hangings +of the Hall.</p> +<p>Fires last from Allsaints’ Day to Candlemas Eve, (Nov. 1 to Feb. 2.) +and thus long, Squires receive their daily candle?</p> +<p>The Marshal shall seat men in the Hall.</p> + +<h5>Of the Butler, Panter, and Cooks serving him.</h5> +<p>They are the Marshal’s servants.</p> +<p>He shall score up all messes served, and order bread and ale for men, +but wine for gentlemen.</p> +<p>Each mess shall be reckoned at 6d. and be scored up to prevent the +cook’s cheating.</p> +<p>If bread runs short, the Marshal orders more, ‘a reward.’ + +<h5>Of the Butler’s duties.</h5> +<p>He shall put a pot and loaf to each mess.</p> +<p>He is the panter’s mate.</p> +<p>The Marshal shall see to men’s lodging.</p> +<p>The Lord’s Chamber and Wardrobe are under the Usher of the +Chamber.</p> + +<h5>Of the Usher and Grooms of the Chamber.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. Usher,</p> +<p>2. Yeoman-usher,</p> +<p>3. Two grooms and a Page.</p> +</div> +<p><i>The Duties of the Grooms of the Chamber.</i> +They shall make palets of litter 9 ft. long, 7 broad, watered, twisted, +trodden, with wisps at foot and side, twisted and turned back; from the +floor-level to the waist.</p> +<p>For lords, 2 beds, outer and inner, hung with hangings, hooks and +eyes set on the binding; the valance hanging on a rod (?), four curtains +reaching to the ground; these he takes up with a forked rod.</p> +<p>The counterpane is laid at the foot, cushions on the sides, tapestry +on the floor and sides of the room.</p> +<p>The Groom gets fuel, and screens.</p> +<p>The Groom keeps the table, trestles, and forms for dinner; and water +in a heater.</p> +<p>He puts 3 wax-lights over the chimney, all in different syces.</p> + +<p><i>The Usher of the Chamber</i> walks about and sees that all is +served right, orders the table to be set and removed, takes charge of +the Wardrobe and Bedchamber, bids the <i>Wardroper</i> get all ready +before the fire, nightgown, carpet, 2 cushions, a form with a footsheet +over it; on which the lord changes his gown.</p> +<p>The Usher orders what’s wanted from the Buttery: a link from the +Chandler, and ale and wine.</p> +<p>(No meat shall be assayed except for King, Prince, Duke or +Heirs-apparent.)</p> +<p>From the Pantry the Usher takes fine and coarse bread, and a +wax-light that burns all night in a basin.</p> +<p>(The Yeoman-Usher removes the torches.)</p> +<p>The Usher puts lights on the Bedroom door, brings bread and wine, +(the lord washing first,) offers the drink kneeling; puts his lord to +bed, and then goes home himself.</p> +<p>The Yeoman-Usher sleeps at the Lord’s door.</p> + +<h5>Of the Steward.</h5> +<p>Few are true, but many false.</p> +<p>He, the clerk, cook and surveyor consult over their Lord’s +dinner.</p> +<p>Any dainty that can be had, the Steward buys.</p> +<p>Before dishes are put on, the Steward enters first, then the +Server.</p> +<p>The Steward shall post into books all accounts written on tablets, +and add them up.</p> + +<h5>Of the Controller.</h5> +<p>He puts down the receipt and consumption of every day.</p> + +<h5>Of the Surveyor.</h5> +<p>He, the steward, and controller, receive nothing, but see that all +goes straight.</p> +<p>The Controller checks daily the Clerk of the kitchen’s account.</p> + +<h5>Of the Clerk of the Kitchen.</h5> +<p>He shall keep account of all purchases, and payments, and wages, +shall preside at the Dresser, and keep the spices, stores, &c., and +the clothes of the officers.</p> + +<h5>Of the Chancellor.</h5> +<p>He looks after the servants’ clothes, and horses, seals patents, and +grants of land, &c., for life, or during the lord’s pleasure.</p> +<p>He oversees the land too, and is a great man.</p> + +<h5>Of the Treasurer.</h5> +<p>He takes from the Receiver what is collected from bailiff and grieve, +courts and forfeits.</p> +<p>He gives the Kitchen clerk money to buy provisions with, and the +clerk gives some to the baker and butler.</p> +<p>The Treasurer pays all wages.</p> +<p>He, the Receiver, Chancellor, Grieves, &c., account once a year +to the Auditor, from whom they can appeal to a Baron of the +Exchequer.</p> + +<h5>Of the Receiver of Rents.</h5> +<p>He gives receipts, and gets a fee of 6d.</p> +<p>He pays fees to park-keepers, and looks after castles and +manor-houses.</p> + +<h5>Of the Avener.</h5> +<p>He shall give the horses in the stable two armsful of hay and a peck +of oats, daily.</p> +<p>A Squire is Master of the Horse; under him are Avener and Farrier, +(the Farrier has a halfpenny a day for every horse he shoes,) and grooms +and pages hired at 2d. a day, or 3 halfpence, and footmen who run by +ladies’ bridles.</p> + +<h5>Of the Baker.</h5> +<p>Out of a London bushel he shall bake 20 loaves, fine and coarse.</p> + +<h5>Of the Huntsman and his Hounds.</h5> +<p>He gets a halfpenny a day for every hound.</p> +<p>The Feuterer 2 lots of bread if he has 2 leash of Greyhounds, and a +bone for each, besides perquisites of skins, &c.</p> + +<h5>Of the Ewerer or Water-bringer.</h5> +<p>He has all the candles and cloths and gives water to every one.</p> + +<h5>Who may wash his hands, and where.</h5> +<p>The bringer of Water shall kneel down.</p> +<p>The Ewerer shall cover the lord’s table with a double cloth, the +lower with the selvage to the lord’s side; the upper cloth shall be laid +double, the upper selvage turned back as if for a towel.</p> +<p>He shall put on cleaners for every one.</p> + +<h5>Of the Panter.</h5> +<p>He carries 3 loaves cut square for trenchers, and the covered +Saltcellar, 2 Carving-knives, and sets the 3rd, and a spoon to his +lord.</p> + +<h5>Of the Lord’s Knives, (Bread, and Washing.)</h5> +<p>The hafts of 2 are laid outwards, that of the 3rd inwards, and the +spoon handle by it.</p> +<p>More trencher loaves are set, and wine served to the Duchess.</p> +<p>2 Trencher-loaves, and salt, to the lord’s son; and 1 loaf and +saltcellar set at the end of the table.</p> +<p>Then 3 loaves of white bread are brought, and 1 coarse loaf is put in +the Alms-dish.</p> +<p>To assay bread, the Panter kneels, the Carver cuts him a slice, and +he eats it.</p> +<p>The Ewerer strains water into his basins, on the upper one of which +is a towel folded dodgily.</p> +<p>Then the water is assayed in a cup of white wood.</p> +<p>The Carver takes up the basins; a knight takes down the towel, and +wipes the cup, into which the Carver pours water; the knight hands it to +him; +he assays it, and empties the cup.</p> +<p>Two knights hold the towel before the lord’s sleeves, and hold the +upper basin while the Carver pours water into the lower; then he puts +the lower into the upper, and empties both, takes them to the Ewerer, +returns to the lord’s table, lays 4 trenchers for him, with 1 above.</p> +<p>The Carver takes 3 to cut the lord’s messes on, and has a cloth round +his neck to wipe his knives on.</p> + +<h5>Of the Almoner.</h5> +<p>He says grace, sets down the Alms-dish, and the Carver puts the first +loaf in it.</p> +<p>The other loaves he pares round, cuts one in two, and gives the upper +half in halves to him.</p> +<p>The Almoner has a staff in his hand.</p> +<p>He keeps the broken food and wine left, for poor men at the gate, and +is sworn to give it all to them.</p> +<p>He distributes silver as he rides.</p> + +<h5>Of the Sewer (or setter-on of Dishes).</h5> +<p>The Cook assays the meat before it’s dished.</p> +<p>The Sewer puts the cover on it, and the cover must never be raised +for fear of treason.</p> +<p>(A Dodge: If the silver dish burns you, put bits of bread under +it.)</p> +<p>The Sewer assays all the food: potage with a piece of bread; fish or +flesh, he eats a piece; baked meats hot, he lifts up the crust, and dips +bread in the gravy; baked meats cold, he eats a bit.</p> +<p>The meat-bearer stands or kneels as the Sewer does.</p> +<p>When bread is wanted, the Butler puts one loaf on the table, the +other on the cupboard.</p> +<p>The Butler assays all the wine.</p> +<p>What is left in the lord’s cup goes to the Alms-dish.</p> +<p>The Carver fills the empty cup, assays it, and gives it the lord or +puts it down.</p> +<p>He carves the lord’s meat, and lays it on his trencher, putting a +piece of every thing in the Alms-dish, except any favourite piece or +potage sent to a stranger.</p> +<p>(To say more about the Carver would require another section, so I +pass it over.)</p> +<p>After dinner the Sewer brings the Surnape, a broad towel and a +narrow, and slides it down.</p> +<p>The Usher takes one end of the broad one, the Almoner the other, and +when it is laid, he folds the narrow towel double before his lord and +lady.</p> +<p>After grace removes them, lays the table on the floor, and takes away +the trestles.</p> + +<h5>Of the Chandler.</h5> +<p>He can make all kinds of candles, little and big, and mortars of +wax.</p> +<p>He snuffs them with short scissors.</p> +<p>In bed-chambers wax lights only shall be burnt; in hall, Candles of +Paris, each mess having one from Nov. 1 to Feb. 2 (see l. 393), and +squires one too.</p> +<p>The Butler shall give Squires their daily bread and ale all the year, +and Knights their wine.</p> +<p>May Christ bring us to His dwelling-place. Amen!</p> + +<h4><a name="side_grossetest" id="side_grossetest"> +Bp. Grossetest’s Household Statutes.</a></h4> + +<p>All servants should serve truly God and their Master; doing fully all +that their Master orders, without answering.</p> +<p>The upper servants must be honest and diligent, and engage no +untrusty or unfit man.</p> +<p>iv. Dishonest, quarrelsome, and drunken servants must be turned +out.</p> +<p>v. All must be of one accord, vi. obedient to those above them, vii. +dress in livery, and not wear old shoes.</p> +<p>viii. Order your Alms to be given to the poor and sick.</p> +<p>ix. Make all the household dine together in the Hall.</p> +<p>x. Let no woman dine with you.</p> +<p>Let the Master show himself to all.</p> +<p>Don’t allow grumbling.</p> +<p>xi. Let your servants go to their homes.</p> +<p>xii. Tell your Panter and Butler to come to the table before +grace.</p> +<p>Tell off three yeomen to wait at table.</p> +<p>xiii. Tell the Steward to keep good order in the Hall, and serve +every one fairly.</p> +<p>xiv. Have your dish well filled that you may help others to it.</p> +<p>xv. Always admit your special friends, and show them you are glad to +see them.</p> +<p>xvi. Talk familiarly to your Bailiffs, ask how your tenants and store +do.</p> +<p>xvii. Allow no private meals; only those in Hall.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_counsel" id="side_counsel"> +Stanzas and Couplets of Counsel</a></h4> + +<p>Never mistrust or fail your friend.</p> +<p>Don’t talk too much.</p> +<p>Spare your master’s goods as your own.</p> +<p>A lawless youth, a despised old age.</p> +<p>A Gentleman says the best he can of every one.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_vertue" id="side_vertue"> +The schoole of Vertue</a></h4> + +<p>First, say this prayer: “O God! enable us to follow virtue. Defend us +this day. Let us abound with virtues, flee from vice, and go forward in +good doing to our live’s end.”</p> +<p>Repeat the Lord’s Prayer night and morning.</p> + +<h5>How to wash and dress yourself.</h5> +<p>Don’t sleep too long.</p> +<p>Rise early; cast up your bed, and don’t let it lie.</p> +<p>Go down, salute your parents, wash your hands, comb your head, brush +your cap and put it on.</p> +<p>Tie on your shirt-collar, fasten your girdle, rub your breeches, +clean your shoes, wipe your nose on a napkin, pare your nails, clean +your ears, wash your teeth.</p> +<p>Have your torn clothes mended, or new ones obtained.</p> +<p>Get your satchell and books, and haste to School, taking too pen, +paper, and ink, which are necessary for use at school.</p> +<p>Then start off.</p> + +<h5>How to behave going to, and at, School.</h5> +<p>Take off your cap to those you meet; give way to passers by.</p> +<p>Call your playmates on your road.</p> +<p>At School salute your master, and the scholars.</p> +<p>Go straight to your place, undo your satchell, take out your books +and learn your lesson; stick well to your books.</p> +<p>If you don’t work, you’ll repent it when you grow up.</p> +<p>Who could now speak of famous deeds of old, had not Letters preserved +them?</p> +<p>Work hard then, and you’ll be thought worthy to serve the state.</p> +<p>Men of low birth win honour by Learning, and then are doubly +happy.</p> +<p>When you doubt, ask to be told.</p> +<p>Wish well to those who warn you.</p> +<p>On your way home walk two and two orderly (for which men will praise +you); don’t run in heaps like a swarm of bees like boys do now.</p> +<p>Don’t whoop or hallow as in fox-hunting don’t chatter, or stare at +every new fangle, but walk soberly, taking your cap off to all, and +being gentle.</p> +<p>Do no man harm; speak fair words.</p> +<p>On reaching home salute your parents reverently.</p> + +<h5>How to wait at table.</h5> +<p>Look your parents in the face, hold up your hands, and say Grace +before meate.</p> +<p>Grace before Meat.</p> +<p>Make a low curtesy; wish your parents’ food may do ’em good.</p> +<p>If you are big enough, bring the food to table.</p> +<p>Don’t fill dishes so full as to spill them on your parents’ dress, or +they’ll be angry.</p> +<p>Have spare trenchers ready for guests.</p> +<p>See there’s plenty of everything wanted.</p> +<p>Empty the Voiders often.</p> +<p>Be at hand if any one calls.</p> +<p>When the meat is over, clear the table:</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. cover the salt,</p> +<p>2. have a tray by you to carry things off on,</p> +<p>3. put the trenchers, &c., in one Voider,</p> +<p>4. sweep the crumbs into another,</p> +<p>5. set a clean trencher before every one,</p> +<p>6. put on Cheese, Fruit, Biscuits, and</p> +<p>7. serve Wine, Ale or Beer.</p> +</div> +<p>When these are finished, clear the table, and fold up the cloth.</p> +<p>Then spread a clean towel, bring bason and jug, and when your parents +are ready to wash, and when your parents are ready to wash, pour out the +water.</p> +<p>Clear the table; make a low curtsey.</p> + +<h5>How to behave at your own dinner.</h5> +<p>Let your betters sit above you.</p> +<p>See others served first, then wait a while before eating.</p> +<p>Take salt with your knife, cut your bread, don’t fill your spoon too +full, or sup your pottage.</p> +<p>Have your knife sharp.</p> +<p>Don’t smack your lips or gnaw your bones: avoid such beastliness.</p> +<p>Keep your fingers clean, wipe your mouth before drinking.</p> +<p>Don’t jabber or stuff.</p> +<p>Silence hurts no one, and is fitted for a child at table.</p> +<p>Don’t pick your teeth, or spit too much.</p> +<p>Behave properly.</p> +<p>Don’t laugh too much.</p> +<p>Learn all the good manners you can.</p> +<p>They are better than playing the fiddle, though that’s no harm, but +necessary; yet manners are more important.</p> + +<h5>How to behave at Church.</h5> +<p>Pray kneeling or standing.</p> +<p>Confess your sins to God.</p> +<p>He knows your disease.</p> +<p>Ask in faith, and what you ask you shall have; He is more merciful +than pen can tell.</p> +<p>Behave nicely in church, and don’t talk or chatter.</p> +<p>Behave reverently; the House of Prayer is not to be made a fair.</p> +<p>Avoid dicing and carding.</p> +<p>Delight in Knowledge, Virtue, and Learning.</p> +<p>Happy is he who cultivates Virtue.</p> +<p>Cursed is he who forsakes it.</p> +<p>Let reason rule you, and subdue your lusts.</p> +<p>These ills come from gambling: strife, murder, theft, cursing and +swearing.</p> + +<h5>How to behave when conversing.</h5> +<p>Understand a question before you answer it; let a man tell all his +tale.</p> +<p>Then bow to him, look him in the face, and answer sensibly, not +staring about or laughing, but audibly and distinctly, your words in due +order, or you’ll straggle off, or stutter, or stammer, which is a foul +crime.</p> +<p>Always keep your head uncovered.</p> +<p>Better unfed than untaught.</p> + +<h5>How to take a Message.</h5> +<p>Listen to it well; don’t go away not knowing it.</p> +<p>Then hurry away, give the message; get the answer, return home, and +tell it to your master exactly as it was told to you.</p> + +<h5>Against Anger, &c.</h5> +<p>The slave of Anger must fall.</p> +<p>Anger’s deeds are strange to wise men.</p> +<p>A hasty man is always in trouble.</p> +<p>Take no revenge, but forgive.</p> +<p>Envy no one.</p> +<p>An ill body breeds debate.</p> + +<h5>The Fruits of Charity, &c.</h5> +<p>Charity seeketh not her own, but bears patiently.</p> +<p>Charity seeketh not her own, but bears patiently.</p> +<p>Love incites to Mercy.</p> +<p>Patience teaches forbearance.</p> +<p>Pray God to give thee Charity and Patience, to lead thee to Virtue’s +School, and thence to Eternal Bliss.</p> + +<h5>Against Swearing.</h5> +<p>Take not God’s name in vain, or He will plague thee.</p> +<p>Beware of His wrath, and live well in thy vocation.</p> +<p>What is the good of swearing?</p> +<p>It kindles God’s wrath against thee.</p> +<p>God’s law forbids swearing, and so does the counsel of +Philosophers.</p> + +<h5>Against filthy talking.</h5> +<p>Never talk dirt.</p> +<p>For every word we shall give account at the Day of Doom, and be +judged according to our deeds.</p> +<p>Let lewd livers then fear.</p> +<p>Keep your tongue from vain talking.</p> + +<h5>Against Lying.</h5> +<p>To speak the truth needs no study, therefore always practise it and +speak it.</p> +<p>Shame is the reward of lying.</p> +<p>Always speak the truth.</p> +<p>Who can trust a liar?</p> +<p>If a lie saves you once, it deceives you thrice.</p> + +<h5>A bedward Prayer.</h5> +<p>God of mercy, take us into Thy care.</p> +<p>Forgive us our sins.</p> +<p>Deliver us from evil, and our enemy the Devil.</p> +<p>Assist us to conquer him and ascribe all honour to Thee.</p> + +<h5>Each one’s Duty.</h5> +<p>The Duty of Princes, Judges, Prelates, Parents, Children, Masters, +Servants, Husbands.</p> +<p>The Duty of Wives, Parsons and Vicars, Men of Law, Craftsmen, +Landlords, Merchants, Subjects, Rich Men, Poor Men, Magistrates, +Officers, The Duty of all Men.</p> +<p>God grant us all to live and die well!</p> + +<h4><a name="side_avyse" id="side_avyse"> +Whate-ever thow sey, avyse thee welle!</a></h4> + +<p>A man must mind what he says; hearts are fickle and fell.</p> +<p>Take care what you say. A false friend may hear it, and after a year +or two will repeat it.</p> +<p>Hasty speech hurts hearer and speaker. In the beginning, think on the +end.</p> +<p>You tell a man a secret, and he’ll betray it for a drink of wine. +Mind what you say.</p> +<p>Avoid backbiting and flattering; refrain from malice, and +bragging.</p> +<p>A venomous tongue causes sorrow. When words are said, regret is too +late.</p> +<p>Mind what you say.</p> +<p>Had men thought of this, many things done in England would never have +been begun.</p> +<p>To speak aright observe six things:</p> +<p class="inset"> +1. what; 2. of whom; 3. where; 4. to whom; 5. why; 6. when.</p> +<p>In every place mind what you say.</p> +<p>Almighty God, grant me grace to serve Thee!</p> +<p>Mary, mother, send me grace night and day!</p> + +<h4><a name="side_dogg_sowe" id="side_dogg_sowe"> +A Dogg Lardyner, & a Sowe Gardyner</a></h4> + +<p>A dog in a larder, a sow in a garden, a fool with wise men, are ill +matcht.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_ascham" id="side_ascham"> +Roger Ascham’s Advice to Lord Warwick’s Servant</a></h4> + +<p>Fear God, serve your lord faithfully, be courteous to your +fellows.</p> +<p>Despise no poor man.</p> +<p>Carry no tales.</p> +<p>Tell no lies.</p> +<p>Don’t play at dice or cards.</p> +<p>Take to your lord’s favourite sport.</p> +<p>Beware of idleness.</p> +<p>Always be at hand when you’re wanted.</p> +<p>Diligence will get you praise.</p> +<p>God be with you!</p> + +<h4><a name="side_babees" id="side_babees"> +The Babees Book</a></h4> + +<p>My God, support me while I translate this treatise from Latin. It +shall teach those of tender age.</p> +<p>To know and practise virtues is the most profitable thing in the +world.</p> +<p>Young Babies, adorned with grace, I call on you to know this book +(for Nurture should accompany beauty), and not on aged men expert +therein.</p> +<p>Why add pain to hell, water to the sea, or heat to fire?</p> +<p>Babies, my book is for you only, and so I hope no one will find fault +with it, but only amend it.</p> +<p>The only reward I seek is that my book may please all and improve +you.</p> +<p>If you don’t know any word in it, ask till you do, and then keep hold +of it.</p> +<p>And do not wonder at this being in metre.</p> +<p>I must first describe how you Babies who dwell in households should +behave at meals, and be ready with lovely and benign words when you are +spoken to.</p> +<p>Lady Facetia, help me! Thou art the Mother of all Virtue.</p> +<p>Help the ignorance of me untaught!</p> +<p>Fair Babies, when you enter your lord’s place, say “God speed,” and +salute all there.</p> +<p>Kneel on one knee to your lord.</p> +<p>If any speak to you, look straight at them, and listen well till they +have finished; do not chatter or let your eyes wander about the +house.</p> +<p>Answer sensibly, shortly, and easily.</p> +<p>Many words are a bore to a wise man.</p> +<p>Stand till you are told to sit: keep your head, hands, and feet +quiet: +don’t scratch yourself, or lean against a post, or handle anything +near.</p> +<p>Bow to your lord when you answer.</p> +<p>If any one better than yourself comes in, retire and give place to +him.</p> +<p>Turn your back on no man.</p> +<p>Be silent while your lord drinks, not laughing, whispering, or +joking.</p> +<p>If he tells you to sit down, do so at once.</p> +<p>Then don’t talk dirt, or scorn any one, but be meek and cheerful.</p> +<p>If your better praises you, rise up and thank him heartily.</p> +<p>When your lord or lady is speaking about the household, don’t you +interfere, but be always ready to serve at the proper time, to bring +drink, hold lights, or anything else, and so get a good name.</p> +<p>The best prayer you can make to God is to be well mannered.</p> +<p>If your lord offers you his cup, rise up, take it with both hands, +offer it to no one else, but give it back to him that brought it.</p> +<p>At Noon, when your lord is ready for dinner, some pour water on him, +some hold the towel for him till he has finished, and don’t leave till +grace is said.</p> +<p>Stand by your lord till he tells you to sit, then keep your knife +clean and sharp to cut your food.</p> +<p>Be silent, and tell no nasty stories.</p> +<p>Cut your bread, don’t break it.</p> +<p>Lay a clean trencher before you, and eat your broth with a spoon, +don’t sup it up.</p> +<p>Don’t leave your spoon in your dish.</p> +<p>Don’t lean on the table, or dirty the cloth.</p> +<p>Don’t hang your head over your dish, or eat with a full mouth, or +pick your nose, teeth, and nails, or stuff your mouth so that you can’t +speak.</p> +<p>Wipe your mouth when you drink, and don’t dirty the cup with your +hands.</p> +<p>Don’t dip your meat in the salt-cellar, or put your knife in your +mouth.</p> +<p>Taste every dish that’s brought to you, and when once your plate is +taken away, don’t ask for it again.</p> +<p>If strangers dine with you, share all good food sent to you with +them.</p> +<p>It’s not polite to keep it all to yourself.</p> +<p>Don’t cut your meat like field labourers, who have such an appetite +they don’t care how they hack their food.</p> +<p>Sweet children, let your delight be courtesy, and eschew +rudeness.</p> +<p>Have a clean trencher and knife for your cheese, and eat +properly.</p> +<p>Don’t chatter either, and you shall get a good repute for +gentleness.</p> +<p>When the meal is over, clean your knives, and put them in their +places; keep your seats till you’ve washed; then rise up without +laughing or joking, and go to your lord’s table.</p> +<p>Stand there till grace is said.</p> +<p>Then some of you go for water, some hold the towel, some pour water +over his hands.</p> +<p>Other things I shall not put in this little Report, but skip over, +praying that no one will abuse me for this work.</p> +<p>Let readers add or take away: I address it to every one who likes to +correct it.</p> +<p>Sweet children, I beseech you know this book, and may God make you so +expert therein that you may attain endless bliss.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_lerne" id="side_lerne"> +Lerne or be Lewde</a></h4> + +<p>Don’t be too loving or angry, bold or busy, courteous or cruel or +cowardly, and don’t drink too often, or be too lofty or anxious, but +friendly of cheer.</p> +<p>Hate jealousy, be not too hasty or daring; joke not too oft; ware +knaves’ tricks.</p> +<p>Don’t be too grudging or too liberal, too meddling, too particular, +new-fangled, or too daring.</p> +<p>Hate oaths and flattery.</p> +<p>Please well thy master.</p> +<p>Don’t be too rackety, or go out too much.</p> +<p>Don’t be too revengeful or wrathful, and wade not too deep.</p> +<p>The middle path is the best for us all.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_urban" id="side_urban"> +Urbanitatis</a></h4> + +<p>When you come before a lord take off your cap or hood, and fall on +your right knee twice or thrice.</p> +<p>Keep your cap off till you’re told to put it on; hold up your chin; +look in the lord’s face; keep hand and foot still; don’t spit or snot; +get rid of it quietly; behave well.</p> +<p>When you go into the hall, don’t press up too high.</p> +<p>Don’t be shamefaced.</p> +<p>Wherever you go, good manners make the man.</p> +<p>Reverence your betters, but treat all equally whom you don’t +know.</p> +<p>See that your hands are clean, and your knife sharp.</p> +<p>Let worthier men help themselves before you eat.</p> +<p>Don’t clutch at the best bit.</p> +<p>Keep your hands from dirtying the cloth, and don’t wipe your nose on +it, or dip too deep in your cup.</p> +<p>Have no meat in your mouth when you drink or speak; and stop talking +when your neighbour is drinking.</p> +<p>Scorn and reprove no man.</p> +<p>Keep your fingers from what would bring you to grief.</p> +<p>Among ladies, look, don’t talk.</p> +<p>Don’t laugh loud, or riot with ribalds.</p> +<p>Don’t repeat what you hear.</p> +<p>Words make or mar you.</p> +<p>If you follow a worthier man, let your right shoulder follow his +back, and don’t speak till he has done.</p> +<p>Be austere (?) in speech; don’t stop any man’s tale.</p> +<p>Christ gives us all wit to know this, and heaven as our reward.</p> +<p>Amen!</p> + +<h4><a name="side_children_left" id="side_children_left"> +The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil Boke or Edyllys be</a></h4> + +<p>Clerks say that courtesy came from heaven when Gabriel greeted our +Lady.</p> +<p>All virtues are included in it.</p> +<p>See that your hands and nails are clean.</p> +<p>Don’t eat till grace is said, or sit down till you’re told.</p> +<p>First, think on the poor; the full belly wots not what the hungry +feels.</p> +<p>Don’t eat too quickly.</p> +<p>Touch nothing till you are fully helped.</p> +<p>Don’t break your bread in two, or put your pieces in your pocket, +your fingers in the dish, or your meat in the salt-cellar.</p> +<p>Don’t pick your ears or nose, or drink with your mouth full, or cram +it full.</p> +<p>Don’t pick your teeth with your knife.</p> +<p>Take your spoon out when you’ve finished soup.</p> +<p>Don’t spit over or on the table, that’s not proper.</p> +<p>Don’t put your elbows on the table, or belch as if you had a bean in +your throat.</p> +<p>Be careful of good food; and be courteous and cheerful.</p> +<p>Don’t whisper in any man’s ear.</p> +<p>Take your food with your fingers, and don’t waste it.</p> +<p>Don’t grin, or talk too much, or spill your food.</p> +<p>Keep your cloth before you.</p> +<p>Cut your meat, don’t bite it.</p> +<p>Don’t open your mouth too wide when you eat, or blow in your +food.</p> +<p>If your lord drinks, always wait till he has done.</p> +<p>Keep your trencher clean.</p> +<p>Drink behind no man’s back.</p> +<p>Don’t rush at the cheese, or throw your bones on the floor.</p> +<p>Sit still till grace is said and you’ve washed your hands, and don’t +spit in the basin.</p> +<p>Rise quietly, don’t jabber, but thank your host and all the company, +and then men will say, ‘A gentleman was here!’</p> +<p>He who despises this teaching isn’t fit to sit at a good man’s +table.</p> +<p>Children, love this little book, and pray that Jesus may help its +author to die among his friends, and not be troubled with devils, but be +in joy for ever.</p> +<p>Amen!</p> + +<h4><a name="side_children_right" id="side_children_right"> +The Young Children’s Book</a></h4> + +<p>Whoever will thrive, must be courteous, and begin in his youth.</p> +<p>Courtesy came from heaven, and contains all virtues, as rudeness does +all vices.</p> +<p>Get up betimes; cross yourself; wash your hands and face; comb your +hair; say your prayers; go to church and hear Mass.</p> +<p>Say ‘Good Morning’ to every one you meet.</p> +<p>Then have breakfast, first crossing your mouth.</p> +<p>Say grace, thank Jesus for your food, and say an Ave for the souls in +pain.</p> +<p>Then set to work, and don’t be idle.</p> +<p>Scripture tells you, if you work, you must eat what you get with your +hands.</p> +<p>Be true in word and deed; truth keeps a man from blame.</p> +<p>Mercy and Truth are the two ways to heaven, fail not to go by +them.</p> +<p>Make only proper promises, and keep them without falsehood.</p> +<p>Love God and your neighbours, and so fulfil all the Law.</p> +<p>Meddle only with what belongs to you.</p> +<p>Scorn not the poor; flatter no one; oppress (?) not servants.</p> +<p>Be meek, and wait till your better has spoken.</p> +<p>When you speak to a man, keep still, and look him in the face.</p> +<p>Don’t be a tale-bearer.</p> +<p>Thank all who speak well of you.</p> +<p>Use few words; don’t swear or lie in your dealings.</p> +<p>Earn money honestly, and keep out of debt.</p> +<p>Try to please; seek peace; mind whom you speak to and what you +say.</p> +<p>Wherever you enter, say “God be here;” and speak courteously to +master and man.</p> +<p>Stand till you are told to sit at meat, and don’t leave your seat +before others.</p> +<p>Sit upright; be sociable, and share with your neighbours.</p> +<p>Take salt with a clean knife; talk no scandal, but speak well of +all.</p> +<p>Hear and see; don’t talk.</p> +<p>Be satisfied with what’s set before you.</p> +<p>Wipe your mouth before you drink; keep your fingers and lips +clean.</p> +<p>Don’t speak with your mouth full.</p> +<p>Praise your food for whether it’s good or bad, it must be taken in +good part.</p> +<p>Mind where you spit, and put your hand before your mouth.</p> +<p>Keep your knife clean, and don’t wipe it on the cloth.</p> +<p>Don’t put your spoon in the dish, or make a noise, like boys, when +you sup.</p> +<p>Don’t put meat off your plate into the dish, but into a voider.</p> +<p>If your superior hands you a cup, drink, but take the cup with two +hands.</p> +<p>When he speaks to you, doff your cap and bend your knee.</p> +<p>Don’t scratch yourself at table, wipe your nose, or play with your +spoon, &c.</p> +<p>This book is for young children who don’t stay long at school.</p> +<p>God grant them grace to be virtuous!</p> + +<h4><a name="side_stans" id="side_stans"> +Stans Puer ad Mensam (both versions).</a></h4> + +<p>When you stand before your sovereign, speak not recklessly, and keep +your hands still.</p> +<p>Don’t stare about, lean against a post, look at the wall, pick your +nose, or scratch yourself.</p> +<p>When spoken to, don’t lumpishly look at the ground.</p> +<p>Walk demurely in the streets, and don’t laugh before your lord.</p> +<p>Clean your nails and wash your hands.</p> +<p>Sit where you’re told to, and don’t be too hasty to begin eating.</p> +<p>Don’t grin, shout, or stuff your jaws with food, or drink too +quickly.</p> +<p>Keep your lips clean, and wipe your spoon.</p> +<p>Don’t make sops of bread, or drink with a dirty mouth.</p> +<p>Don’t dirty the table linen, or pick your teeth with your knife.</p> +<p>Don’t swear or talk ribaldry, or take the best bits; share with your +fellows.</p> +<p>Eat up your pieces, and keep your nails clean.</p> +<p>It’s bad manners to bring up old complaints.</p> +<p>Don’t play with your knife, or shuffle your feet about.</p> +<p>Don’t spill your broth on your chest, or use dirty knives, or fill +your spoon too full. Be quick to do whatever your lord orders.</p> +<p>Take salt with your knife; don’t blow in your cup, or begin +quarrels.</p> +<p>Interrupt no man in his story.</p> +<p>Drink wine and ale in moderation.</p> +<p>Don’t talk too much, but keep a middle course.</p> +<p>Be gentle and tractable, but not too soft.</p> +<p>Children must not be revengeful; their anger is appeased with a bit +of apple.</p> +<p>Children’s quarrels are first play, then crying; don’t believe their +complaints; give ’em the rod.</p> +<p>Spare that, and you’ll spoil all.</p> +<p>Young children, pray take heed to my little ballad, which shall lead +you into all virtues.</p> +<p>My mistakes I submit to correction.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_serve" id="side_serve"> +Ffor to serve a lord.</a></h4> + +<p>1. Have your table-cloths and napkins ready, also trenchers, salts, +&c.</p> +<p>2. Bring your cloths folded, lay them on the table, then cover the +cupboard, the side-table, and the chief table.</p> +<p>3. Bring out the chief salt-cellar, and pared loaves, and hold the +carving-knives in your right hand.</p> +<p>4. Put your chief salt-cellar before the chief person’s seat, his +bread by it, and his trenchers before it.</p> +<p>5. Put the second salt-cellar at the lower end. If wooden trenchers +are used, bring them on.</p> +<p>6. Put salt-cellars on the side-tables.</p> +<p>7. Bring out your basins, &c., and set all your plate on the +cupboard.</p> +<p>8. Let the chief servants have basins, &c., ready, and after +Grace, hold the best basin to the chief lord, with the towel under; and +then let his messmates wash.</p> +<p>9. The chief lord takes his seat, then his messmates theirs; then the +lower-mess people theirs. (When Grace begins, the bread cover is to be +taken away.)</p> +<p>10. The Carver takes 4 trenchers on his knife-point, and lays them +before the chief lord, (one to put his salt on,) and 3 or 2 before the +less people.</p> +<p>11. The Butler gives each man a spoon and a napkin.</p> +<p>12. The Carver pares 2 loaves, lays 2 before his lord, and 2 or 1 to +the rest.</p> +<p>13. Serve brawn, beef, swan, pheasant, fritters. As a change for +beef, have legs or chines of pork, or tongue of ox or hart.</p> +<p>14. Clear away the 1st course, crumbs, bones, and used trenchers.</p> +<p>15. Serve the Second Course: Small birds, lamb, kid, venison, +rabbits, meat pie, teal, woodcock. Great birds.</p> +<p>16. Fill men’s cups and remove their trenchers.</p> +<p>17. Collect the spoons.</p> +<p>18. Take up the lowest dishes at the side-tables, and then clear the +high table.</p> +<p>19. Sweep all the bits of bread, trenchers, &c., into a +voyder.</p> +<p>20. Take away the cups, &c., from all the messes, putting the +trenchers,</p> +&c., in a voyder, and scraping the crumbs off with a carving-knife. +<p>21. Serve wafers in towels laid on the table, and sweet wine. In +holiday time serve cheese, or fruit; in winter, roast apples.</p> +<p>22. Clear away all except the chief salt-cellar, whole bread, and +carving-knives; take these to the pantry.</p> +<p>23. Lay a fresh cloth all along the chief table.</p> +<p>24. Have ready basons and jugs with hot or cold water; and after +Grace, hand basins and water to the first mess, then the second.</p> +<p>25. Take off and fold up the towels and cloth, and give ’em to +the</p> +<p>Panter.</p> +<p>26. Clear away tables, trestles, forms; and put cushions on other +seats.</p> +<p>27. Butler, put the cups, &c., back into your office.</p> +<p>28. Serve knights and ladies with bread and wine, kneeling.</p> +<p>29. Conduct strangers to the Chamber.</p> +<p>30. Serve them with dainties: junket, pippins, or green ginger; and +sweet wines. How to carve a Swan, Goose, Wild-fowl, Crane, Heronsew,</p> +<p>Bittern, Egret, Partridge, Quail, Pheasant.</p> + +<h5><a name="side_feste" id="side_feste"> +A Bridal Feast.</a></h5> + +<p><i>First Course.</i> +Boar’s head, and a Device of Welcome. Venison and Custard, with a Device +of Meekness.</p> + +<h5>Second Course.</h5> +<p>Venison, Crane, &c., and a Device of Gladness and Loyalty.</p> + +<h5>Third Course.</h5> +<p>Sweets, &c., Game, with a Device of Thankfulness.</p> + +<h5>Fourth Course.</h5> +<p>Cheese and a cake with a Device of Child-bearing and a promise of +babies.</p> + +<h4><a name="side_graces" id="side_graces"> +Latin Graces.</a></h4> + +<h5>A general Grace.</h5> +<p>The eyes of all wait upon thee, O Lord. Glory be to the Father, +&c. Lord, have mercy upon us. Lord, bless us. Make us partakers of +the heavenly table.</p> + +<h5>Grace after Dinner.</h5> +<p>May the God of peace be with us! We thank thee, O Lord, for thy +benefits. Lord, have mercy upon us! Christ, have mercy upon us! I will +bless the Lord alway. May the name of the Lord be blessed for ever! +Hail, Queen of Heaven, flower of virgins! pray thy Son to save the +faithful!</p> + +<h5>Grace on Fish-Days.</h5> +<p>The poor shall eat and be satisfied. Glory be to the Father, &c. +The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with us all.</p> + +<h5>In Lent.</h5> +<p>Break thy bread to the hungry, and take the wanderer to thy home.</p> + +<h5>Grace after Dinner.</h5> + +<h5>Four Short Graces.</h5> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. <i>Before Dinner.</i></p> +<p>2. <i>After Meals.</i></p> +<p>Bless the Lord for this meal. Mary, pray for us!</p> +<p>3. <i>Before Supper.</i></p> +<p>Giver of all, sanctify this supper.</p> +<p>4. <i>After Supper.</i></p> +<p>The Lord is holy in all his works. Blessed be the name of the +Lord.</p> +</div> + +<h5>On Easter-Eve.</h5> +<p>Christ, have mercy upon us! Seek those things that are above.</p> + +<h5>Grace after Dinner.</h5> +<p>God of Peace, We give thee thanks, O Lord. Pour into us thy Spirit, +through Jesus Christ our Lord.</p> + +<h5>On Easter-Day.</h5> +<p>This is the day which the Lord hath made: Let us rejoice and be glad +in it. Bless us, O Lord! Our passover is slain, even Christ.</p> + +<h5>After Dinner.</h5> +<p>Of thy resurrection, Christ, the heavens and the earth are glad. +Thanks be to God!</p> + +<h5>Before Supper.</h5> + +<h5>After Supper.</h5> +<p>This is the day, &c. Hallelujah. Let us bless the Lord!</p> + +<h4><a name="side_symons" id="side_symons"> +Symon’s Lesson of Wysedome for all Maner Chyldryn.</a></h4> + +<p>Children, attend.</p> +<p>You’d be better unborn than untaught.</p> +<p>You mustn’t have your own way always.</p> +<p>Tell the truth, don’t be froward, hold up your head, take off your +hood when you’re spoken to.</p> +<p>Wash your hands and face.</p> +<p>Be courteous.</p> +<p>Don’t throw stones at dogs and hogs.</p> +<p>Mock at no one.</p> +<p>Don’t swear.</p> +<p>Eat what’s given you, and don’t ask for this and that.</p> +<p>Honour your father and mother: kneel and ask their blessing.</p> +<p>Keep your clothes clean.</p> +<p>Don’t go bird’s-nesting, or steal fruit, or throw stones at men’s +windows, or play in church.</p> +<p>Don’t chatter.</p> +<p>Get home by daylight.</p> +<p>Keep clear of fire and water, and the edges of wells and brooks.</p> +<p>Take care of your book, cap, and gloves, or you’ll be birched on your +bare bottom.</p> +<p>Don’t be a liar or thief, or make faces at any man.</p> +<p>When you meet any one, lower your hood and wish ’em “god speed.” Be +meek to clerks.</p> +<p>Rise early, go to school, and learn fast if you want to be our +bishop.</p> +<p>Attend to all these things, for a good child needs learning, and he +who hates the child spares the rod.</p> +<p>As a spur makes a horse go, so a rod makes a child learn and be +mild.</p> +<p>So, children, do well, and you’ll not get a sound beating.</p> +<p>May God keep you good!</p> + +<h4><a name="side_birched" id="side_birched"> +The Birched School-Boy</a></h4> + +<p>Learning is strange work; the birch twigs are so sharp.</p> +<p>I’d sooner go 20 miles than go to school on Mondays.</p> +<p>My master asks where I’ve been.</p> +<p>‘Milking ducks,’ I tell him, and he gives me pepper for it.</p> +<p>I only wish he was a hare, and my book a wild cat, and all his books +dogs.</p> +<p>Wouldn’t I blow my horn!</p> +<p>Don’t I wish he was dead!</p> +</div> <!-- end div sidenotes --> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<hr> +<hr> + +<div class="contents"> + +<h4>Contents</h4> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#main_contents">Full Table of Contents</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#eets_general">Preface</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_contents"><b>John Russell’s Boke of Nurture</b></a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#andrewe_fish"> +<b>Lawrens Andrewe on Fish</b></a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#neckeweede"> +<b>Wilyam Bulleyn on Boxyng and Neckeweede</b></a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#borde"> +<b>Andrew Borde on Sleep, Rising, and Dress</b></a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#vaughan"> +<b>William Vaughan’s 15 Directions to Preserve Health</b></a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#harington_dyet"> +<b>Sir Jn. Harington’s Dyet for Every Day</b></a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#harington_sleep"> +<b>Sir Jn. Harington on Rising, Diet, and Going to Bed</b></a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#page147">Shorter Selections</a></p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#index_poems">General Index</a></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#sidenotes">Collected Sidenotes</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +</div> + +<!-- png 119 --> +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="nurturepic" id="nurturepic"> +<img src="images/nurture_header.png" width="280" height="466" +alt="see below"></a> +</p> + +<div class="mynote"> +<h5><a href="#nurturetext">Title-Page Text</a></h5> +</div> + +<!-- png 120 --> + +<!-- png 121 --> +<h5><a name="nurture_contents" id="nurture_contents"> +CONTENTS.</a></h5> + +<p class="center"> +(<i>Line numbers added by transcriber.</i>)</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<table class="toc smaller" summary="contents"> +<tr class="smallroman"> +<td></td> +<td class="number"> +PAGE</td> +<td class="number"> +LINE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_prologue"> +PROLOGUE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page1">1</a></td> +<td class="number">1</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_intro"> +INTRODUCTION. MEETING OF MASTER AND PUPIL</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page2">2-3</a></td> +<td class="number">13</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_panter"> +THE PANTER OR BUTLER. HIS DUTIES</a><br> +<span class="smaller"> +(AND HEREIN OF BROACHING WINE, OF FRUITS AND CHEESE, AND OF THE CARE OF +WINES IN WOOD) +</span></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page3">3-9</a></td> +<td class="number">41</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_wines"> +NAMES OF SWEET WINES</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page9">9</a></td> +<td class="number">117</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_ypocras"> +HOW TO MAKE YPOCRAS</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page9">9-12</a></td> +<td class="number">121</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_buttery"> +THE BOTERY</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page12">12-13</a></td> +<td class="number">177</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_cloth"> +HOW TO LAY THE TABLE-CLOTH, ETC.</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page13">13-14</a></td> +<td class="number">185</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_bread"> +HOW TO WRAP UP BREAD STATELY</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page14">14-16</a></td> +<td class="number">209</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_surnape"> +HOW TO MAKE THE SURNAPE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page16">16-17</a></td> +<td class="number">237</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_table"> +HOW TO MANAGE AT TABLE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page17">17-18</a></td> +<td class="number">257</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_condicions"> +SYMPLE CONDICIONS,</a><br> +<span class="smaller"> +(OR RULES FOR GOOD BEHAVIOUR FOR EVERY SERVANT) +</span></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page18">18-21</a></td> +<td class="number">277</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_carve"> +THE CONNYNGE OF KERVYNGE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page21">21-3</a></td> +<td class="number">313</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_fumos"> +FUMOSITEES</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page23">23-4</a></td> +<td class="number">349</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_flesh"> +KERUYNG OF FLESH</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page24">24-30</a></td> +<td class="number">377</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_bake"> +BAKE METES (HOW TO CARVE)</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page30">30-2</a></td> +<td class="number">477</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_fried"> +FRIED METES; WITH L’ENVOY</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page33">33-4</a></td> +<td class="number">501</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_potage"> +POTAGES</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page34">34-5</a></td> +<td class="number">517</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_sauce"> +DIUERCE SAWCES</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page35">35-7</a></td> +<td class="number">529</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_fish"> +KERVYNG OF FISCH<i>E</i></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page37">37-45</a></td> +<td class="number">546</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_sewer"> +OFFICE OF A SEWER</a><br> +<span class="smaller"> +(OR ARRANGER OF THE DISHES ON THE TABLE, ETC.) +</span></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page46">46-7</a></td> +<td class="number">658</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_flesh_dinner"> +A DYNERE OF FLESCH<i>E</i>:</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +<td class="number">686</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#nurture_flesh_first"> +THE FURST COURSE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page48">48</a></td> +<td class="number">686</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#nurture_flesh_second"> +THE SECOND COURSE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page49">49</a></td> +<td class="number">693</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#nurture_flesh_third"> +THE iij<sup>D</sup> COURSE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page49">49-50</a></td> +<td class="number">705</td> +</tr> +<!-- png 122 --> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_fish_dinner"> +A DINERE OF FISCH<i>E</i>:</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +<td class="number">719</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#nurture_fish_first"> +THE FURST COURSE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page50">50-1</a></td> +<td class="number">719</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#nurture_fish_second"> +THE SECOND COURSE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page51">51</a></td> +<td class="number">731</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#nurture_fish_third"> +THE THRID COURSE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page52">52</a></td> +<td class="number">744</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#nurture_fish_fourth"> +THE .iiij. COURSE OF FRUTE, WITH FOUR SOTELTEES</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page52">52-3</a></td> +<td class="number">757</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#nurture_sutiltee"> +THE SUPERSCRIPCIOUN OF THE SUTILTEES ABOUE SPECIFIED</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page53">53-4</a></td> +<td class="number">787</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_franklin"> +A FEST FOR A FRANKLEN</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page54">54-5</a></td> +<td class="number">795</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_sewes_fish"> +SEWES ON FISH<i>E</i> DAYES</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page55">55-6</a></td> +<td class="number">819</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_sauce_fish"> +SAWCE FOR FISCH<i>E</i></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page56">56-9</a></td> +<td class="number">831</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_chamber"> +THE OFFICE OFF A CHAMBURLAYNE</a><br> +<span class="smaller"> +(HOW TO DRESS YOUR LORD, PREPARE HIS PEW IN CHURCH, STRIP HIS BED, +PREPARE HIS PRIVY, ETC.)</span></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page59">59-64</a></td> +<td class="number">863</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_wardrobe"> +THE WARDEROBES</a><br> +<span class="smaller"> +(HOW TO PUT YOUR LORD TO BED, AND PREPARE HIS BEDROOM, ETC.) +</span></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page64">64-6</a></td> +<td class="number">939</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_bath"> +A BATHE OR STEWE SO CALLED</a><br> +<span class="smaller"> +(HOW TO PREPARE ONE FOR YOUR LORD) +</span></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page66">66-7</a></td> +<td class="number">975</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_medicinable"> +THE MAKYNG OF A BATH<i>E</i> MEDICINABLE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page67">67-9</a></td> +<td class="number">991</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_usher"> +THE OFFICE OF VSSHER & MARSHALL<i>E</i></a><br> +<span class="smaller"> +(<a href="#nurture_precedence">WITH THE ORDER OF PRECEDENCY OF ALL +RANKS</a>) +</span></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page69">69-78</a></td> +<td class="number">1001</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_summary"> +THE SUMMARY</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page78">78-82</a></td> +<td class="number">1173</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_envoy"> +L’ENVOY</a><br> +<span class="smaller"> +(THE AUTHOR ASKS THE PRAYERS OF HIS READERS, AND HE OR THE COPIER +COMMENDS THIS BOOK TO THEM) +</span></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page82">82-3</a></td> +<td class="number">1235</td> +</tr> +<tr class="space"> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurture_notes"> +NOTES</a><br> +<span class="smaller"> +(WITH BITS FROM <a href="#andrewe_fish">LAWRENS ANDREWE, ON FISH</a>, +&c.) +</span></p> +</td> +<td class="number nobreak"><a href="#page84">84</a>-<a href="#page123">123</a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr class="space"> +<td class="center"> +ILLUSTRATIVE EXTRACTS. +</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#neckeweede"> +WILYAM BULLEYN ON BOXYNG AND NECKEWEEDE</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page124">124-7</a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#borde"> +ANDREW BORDE ON SLEEP, RISING, AND DRESS</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number nobreak"><a href="#page128">128-32</a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#vaughan"> +WILLIAM VAUGHAN’S 15 DIRECTIONS TO PRESERVE HEALTH</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page133">133-7</a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#harington_dyet"> +SIR JN. HARINGTON’s DYET FOR EVERY DAY</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page138">138-9</a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#harington_sleep"> +SIR JN. HARINGTON ON RISING, DIET, AND GOING TO BED</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page140">140-3</a></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p> </p> + +<span class="pagenum">1</span> +<a name="page1" id="page1"> </a> +<!-- png 123 --> + +<div class="maintext"> + +<div class="nurture"> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="nurture_main" id="nurture_main"> +<img src="images/page1header.png" width="221" height="83" +alt="John Russells Boke of Nurture" +title="John Russells Boke of Nurture"></a> +</p> + +<h5>[<i>Harl. MS. 4011, Fol. 171.</i>]</h5> + +<div class="verse"> +<span class="sidenote">In the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, +God keep me!</span> + +<p> +<b><span class="supercap">I</span> +n <a name="nurture_prologue" id="nurture_prologue">nomine +patris</a>, god kepe me / et filij for charite,</b></p> +<p><b>Et spiritus sancti</b>, wher<i>e</i> that y goo by lond or els by +see!</p> + +<span class="sidenote">I am an Usher to a Prince, and</span> +<p>an vssher<i>e</i> y Am / ye may behold<i>e</i> / to a prynce of +high<i>e</i> degre,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">delight in teaching</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_4" id="nurture_line_4">4</a></span> +<p>þat enioyeth<i>e</i> to enforme & teche / all<i>e</i> þo thatt +will<i>e</i> thrive & thee<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_1" id="nurture_tag_1" href="#nurture_note_1">1</a>,</p> + +<p class="stanza">Of suche thyng<i>es</i> as her<i>e</i>-aft<i>ur</i> +shall<i>e</i> be shewed by my diligence</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the inexperienced.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_6" id="nurture_line_6"> +To</a> them þat nought Can / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owt gret +exsperience;</p> +<p>Therfor<i>e</i> yf any mañ þ<i>a</i>t y mete with<i>e</i>, þat<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_2" id="nurture_tag_2" href="#nurture_note_2">2</a> for fawt of necligence,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_8" id="nurture_line_8">8</a></span> +<p>y wyll<i>e</i> hym enforme & teche, for hurtyng<i>e</i> of my +Conscience.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +It is charitable to teach</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +To teche vertew and co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i>, me thynketh<i>e</i> hit +charitable,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">ignorant youths.</span> +<p>for moche youth<i>e</i> in co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i> / is bareñ & +full<i>e</i> vnable;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">If any such won’t learn,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_11" id="nurture_line_11"> +þer-for<i>e</i></a> he þ<i>a</i>t no good cañ / ne to nooñ will<i>e</i> +be agreable.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">give them a toy.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_12" id="nurture_line_12">12</a></span> +<p>he shall<i>e</i> neu<i>er</i> y-thryve / þ<i>er</i>for<i>e</i> take +to hym a babull<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">2</span> +<a name="page2" id="page2"> </a> +<!-- png 124 --> +<span class="headnote">IOHN RUSSELL MEETS WITH HIS PUPIL.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +One May I went to a forest,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_intro" id="nurture_intro"><span class="midcap">A</span>s y rose owt of my bed, in a mery sesou<i>n</i> of +may</a>,</p> +<p>to sporte me in a forest / wher<i>e</i> sightes wer<i>e</i> +fresch<i>e</i> & gay,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and by the Forester’s leave walked in the +woodland,</span> +<p>y met w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe forst<i>er</i> / y prayed hym to say +me not nay,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_16" id="nurture_line_16">16</a></span> +<p>þat y mygh[t] walke in to his lawnde<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_3" id="nurture_tag_3" href="#nurture_note_3">3</a> +where þe deer<i>e</i> lay.</p> + +<p class="stanza">as y wandered weldsomly<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_4" id="nurture_tag_4" href="#nurture_note_4">4</a> / +in-to þe lawnd þat was so grene,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">where I saw three herds of deer</span> +<p>þer lay iij. herdis of deer<i>e</i> / a semely syght for to sene;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">in the sunshine.</span> +<p>y behild oñ my right hand / þe soñ þat shoñ so shene;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">A young man with a bow was going to stalk +them,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_20" id="nurture_line_20">20</a></span> +<p>y saw wher<i>e</i> walked / a semely yong<i>e</i> mañ, þat sklendur +was & leene;</p> + +<p class="stanza">his bowe he toke in hand toward þe deer<i>e</i> to +stalke;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">but I asked him to walk with me,</span> +<p>y prayed hym his shote to leue / & softely w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> me +to walke.</p> +<p>þis yong<i>e</i> mañ was glad / & louyd w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> me to +talke,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_24" id="nurture_line_24">24</a></span> +<p>he prayed þat he myȝt with<i>e</i> me goo / in to som herne<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_5" id="nurture_tag_5" href="#nurture_note_5">5</a> or halke<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_6" id="nurture_tag_6" href="#nurture_note_6">6</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and inquired whom he served.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +þis yong<i>e</i> mañ frayned<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_7" id="nurture_tag_7" href="#nurture_note_7">7</a> / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hoom +þ<i>a</i>t he wo<i>n</i>ned þañ,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">‘No one but myself,</span> +<p>“So god me socour<i>e</i>,” he said / “Sir, y serue myself / +& els nooñ oþ<i>er</i> mañ.”</p> +<p>“is þy gou<i>er</i>naunce good?” y said, / “soñ, say me ȝiff þow +cañ.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and I wish I was out of this world.’</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_28" id="nurture_line_28">28</a></span> +<p>“y wold y wer<i>e</i> owt of þis world” / seid he / “y ne rouȝt +how sone whañ.”</p> + +<span class="pagenum">3</span> +<a name="page3" id="page3"> </a> +<!-- png 125 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +‘Good son,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“Sey nought so, good soñ, bewar<i>e</i> / me thynketh<i>e</i> þow menyst +amysse;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">despair is sin;</span> +<p>for god forbedith<i>e</i> wanhope, for þat a horrible +synne ys,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">tell me what the matter is.</span> +<p>þerfor<i>e</i> Soñ, opeñ thyñ hert / for p<i>er</i>aveñtur<i>e</i> y +cowd the lis<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_8" id="nurture_tag_8" +href="#nurture_note_8">8</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">When the pain is greatest the cure is +nearest!’</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_32" id="nurture_line_32">32</a></span> +<p>“wheñ bale is hext / þañ bote is next” / good sone, lerne +well<i>e</i> þis.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +‘Sir, I’ve tried everywhere for a</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“In certeyñ, sir / y haue y-sought / Ferr<i>e</i> & ner<i>e</i> many +a wilsom way</p> + +<span class="sidenote">master; but because I know</span> +<p>to gete mete<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_9" id="nurture_tag_9" href="#nurture_note_9">9</a> a mastir; & for y +cowd nouȝt / eu<i>er</i>y mañ seid me nay,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">nothing, no one will take me.’</span> +<p>y cowd no good, ne nooñ y shewd<i>e</i> /wher<i>e</i> eu<i>er</i> y +ede day by day</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_36" id="nurture_line_36">36</a></span> +<p>but wantouñ & nyce, recheles & lewd<i>e</i> / as +Iangelyng<i>e</i> as a Iay.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote">‘Will you learn if I’ll teach you?</span> +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 171 b.]</span> +<p class="stanza">“<span class="largecap">N</span>ow, son, ȝiff y +the teche, wiltow any thyng<i>e</i> ler<i>e</i>?</p> + +<span class="sidenote">What do you want to be?’</span> +<p>wiltow be a s<i>er</i>uaunde, plowȝmañ, or a laborer<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Courtyour or a clark / Marchaund / or masou<i>n</i>, or an +artificer<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_40" id="nurture_line_40">40</a></span> +<p>Chamburlayn, or buttiller<i>e</i> / panter<i>e</i> or +karver<i>e</i>?”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +‘A Butler, Sir, Panter, Chamberlain, and Carver. Teach me the duties of +these.’</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_panter" id="nurture_panter">“<span class="midcap">T</span>he office of buttiler, sir, trewly / panter<i>e</i> or +chamburlayne</a>,</p> +<p>The connyng<i>e</i> of a kerver<i>e</i>, specially / of þat y wold +lerne fayne</p> +<p>all<i>e</i> þese co<i>n</i>nyng<i>es</i> to haue / y say yow in +certayñ,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_44" id="nurture_line_44">44</a></span> +<p>y shuld pray for your<i>e</i> sowle nevyr to come in payne.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +‘I will, if you’ll love God and be</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“<span class="midcap">S</span>on, y shall<i>e</i> teche þe +with<i>e</i> ryght a good will<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>So þat þow loue god & drede / for þat is ryght and +skyll<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">4</span> +<a name="page4" id="page4"> </a> +<!-- png 126 --> +<span class="sidenote">true to your master.’</span> +<p>and to þy mastir be trew / his good<i>es</i> þat þow not +spill<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_48" id="nurture_line_48">48</a></span> +<p>but hym loue & drede / and hys co<i>m</i>maundementȝ dew / +fulfylle.</p> + +<span class="headnote">THE DUTIES OF THE PANTER OR BUTLER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +A Panter or Butler must have</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_49" id="nurture_line_49"> +The</a> furst yer<i>e</i>, my soñ, þow shall<i>e</i> be panter<i>e</i> +or buttilar<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">three knives:</span> +<p>þow must haue iij. knyffes kene / in pantry, y sey the, +eu<i>er</i>mar<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">1 to chop loaves, 1 to pare them,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_51" id="nurture_line_51"> +Oñ</a> knyfe þe loves to choppe, another<i>e</i> them for to pare,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">1 to smooth the trenchers.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_52" id="nurture_line_52">52</a></span> +<p>the iij. sharpe & kene to smothe þe trenchurs and +squar<i>e</i>.<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_10" id="nurture_tag_10" href="#nurture_note_10">10</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Give your Sovereign new bread,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +alwey thy sou<i>er</i>aynes bred thow choppe, & þat it be newe & +able;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">others one-day-old bread;</span> +<p>se all<i>e</i> oþ<i>er</i> bred a day old or þ<i>o</i>u choppe to þe +table;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">for the house, three-day bread;</span> +<p>all<i>e</i> howsold bred iij. dayes old / so it is +p<i>ro</i>fitable;</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_56" id="nurture_line_56">56</a></span> +<span class="sidenote">for trenchers four-day bread;</span> +<p>and trencher bred iiij. dayes is co<i>n</i>venyent & +agreable.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Have your salt white,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +loke þy salte be sutill<i>e</i>, whyte, fayre and drye,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and your salt-planer of ivory,</span> +<p>and þy planer<i>e</i> for thy salte / shall<i>e</i> be made of yverye +/</p> + +<span class="sidenote">two inches broad, three long.</span> +<p>þe brede þ<i>er</i>of ynches two / þen þe length, ynche told +thrye;</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_60" id="nurture_line_60">60</a></span> +<p>and þy salt seller<i>e</i> lydde / towche not thy salt bye.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Have your table linen sweet and clean,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Good soñ, loke þat þy napery be soote / & also feyr<i>e</i> & +clene,</p> +<p>bordcloth<i>e</i>, towell<i>e</i> & napkyñ, foldyñ all<i>e</i> +bydene.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">your knives bright,</span> +<p>bryght y-pullished your<i>e</i> table knyve, semely in syȝt to +sene;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">spoons well washed,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_64" id="nurture_line_64">64</a></span> +<p>and þy spones fayr<i>e</i> y-wasch<i>e</i> / ye wote well<i>e</i> +what y meene.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">5</span> +<a name="page5" id="page5"> </a> +<!-- png 127 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +two wine-augers</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +looke þow haue tarrers<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_11" id="nurture_tag_11" href="#nurture_note_11">11</a> two / a mor<i>e</i> +& lasse for wyne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">some box taps,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_66" id="nurture_line_66"> +wyne</a> canels<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_12" id="nurture_tag_12" href="#nurture_note_12">12</a> accordyng<i>e</i> to +þe tarrers, of box fetice & fyne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">a broaching gimlet,</span> +<p>also a gymlet sharpe / to broche & perce / sone to turne & +twyne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">a pipe and bung.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_68" id="nurture_line_68">68</a></span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> fawcet<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_13" id="nurture_tag_13" href="#nurture_note_13">13</a> & tampyne<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_14" id="nurture_tag_14" href="#nurture_note_14">14</a> redy / to stoppe whe<i>n</i> ye se tyme.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +To broach a pipe,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +So wheñ þow settyst a pipe abroche / good [sone,] do aft<i>ur</i> my +lor<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">pierce it with an auger or gimlet, four +fingers-</span> +<p>iiij fyngur ou<i>er</i> / þe ner<i>e</i> chyne<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_15" id="nurture_tag_15" href="#nurture_note_15">15</a> +þow may percer or bor<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">breadth over the lower rim,</span> +<p>with tarrer<i>e</i> or gymlet perce ye vpward þe pipe ashor<i>e</i><a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_16" id="nurture_tag_16" href="#nurture_note_16">16</a>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">so that the dregs may not rise.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_72" id="nurture_line_72">72</a></span> +<p>and so shall<i>e</i> ye not cawse þe lies vp to ryse, y warne +yow eu<i>er</i> mor<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Serve Fruit according to the season,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Good sone, all<i>e</i> man<i>er</i> frute / þat longeth<i>e</i> for +sesoñ of þe yer<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">figs, dates,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_74" id="nurture_line_74"> +Fygg<i>es</i></a> / reysons / almand<i>es</i>, dat<i>es</i> / +butt<i>ur</i>, chese<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_17" id="nurture_tag_17" href="#nurture_note_17">17</a> / nottus, apples, +& per<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">quince-marmalade, ginger, &c.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_75" id="nurture_line_75"> +Compost<i>es</i></a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_18" id="nurture_tag_18" href="#nurture_note_18">18</a> & confit<i>es</i>, +char<i>e</i> de quync<i>es</i> / white & grene gynger<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">6</span> +<a name="page6" id="page6"> </a> +<!-- png 128 --> +<span class="headnote">OF FRUITS BEFORE DINNER AND AFTER +SUPPER.</span> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_76" id="nurture_line_76">76</a></span> +<p>and ffor aft<i>ur</i> questyons, or þy lord sytte / of hym þow know +& enquer<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 172.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Before dinner, plums and grapes;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_77" id="nurture_line_77"> +Serve</a> fastyng<i>e</i> / plommys / damsons / cheries / and grapis to +plese;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">after, pears, nuts, and hard cheese.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_78" id="nurture_line_78"> +aft<i>ur</i></a> mete / peer<i>es</i>, nottys / strawberies, +wȳneberies,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_19" id="nurture_tag_19" href="#nurture_note_19">19</a> and hardchese,</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_79" id="nurture_line_79"> +also</a> blawnderell<i>es</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_20" id="nurture_tag_20" href="#nurture_note_20">20</a> pepyns / careawey +in comfyte / Compost<i>es</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_21" id="nurture_tag_21" href="#nurture_note_21">21</a> ar like to þese.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">After supper, roast apples, &c.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_80" id="nurture_line_80">80</a></span> +<p>aftur sopper, rosted apples, per<i>es</i>, blaunche powd<i>er</i>,<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_22" id="nurture_tag_22" href="#nurture_note_22">22</a> yo<i>ur</i> stomak for to ese.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">7</span> +<a name="page7" id="page7"> </a> +<!-- png 129 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza">In the evening don’t take cream,</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>at eve</i>] ‘at eve’ has a red mark through as if to cut it +out.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_81" id="nurture_line_81"> +Bewar</a> <span class="texttag">at eve</span> / of crayme of cowe +& also of the goote, þauȝ it be late,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">strawberries, or junket,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_82" id="nurture_line_82"> +of</a> Strawberies & hurtilberyes / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the cold +Ioncate,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_23" id="nurture_tag_23" +href="#nurture_note_23">23</a></p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_83" id="nurture_line_83"> +For</a> þese may marr<i>e</i> many a mañ changyng<i>e</i> his +astate,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">unless you eat hard cheese with them.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_84" id="nurture_line_84">84</a></span> +<p>but ȝiff he haue aft<i>u</i>r, hard chese / wafurs, +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wyne ypocrate.<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_24" id="nurture_tag_24" href="#nurture_note_24">24</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">Hard cheese keeps your bowels open.</span> +<p class="stanza"><a name="nurture_line_85" id="nurture_line_85"> +hard</a> chese hath<i>e</i> þis condiciou<i>n</i> in his +operaciou<i>n</i>:</p> +<p>Furst he will<i>e</i> a stomak kepe in the botom opeñ,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_25" id="nurture_tag_25" href="#nurture_note_25">25</a></p> +<p>the helth<i>e</i> of eu<i>er</i>y creatur<i>e</i> ys in his +condiciou<i>n</i>;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_88" id="nurture_line_88">88</a></span> +<p>yf he diete hym̅ thus dayly / he is a good +co<i>n</i>clusiou<i>n</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Butter is wholesome in youth and old age, anti-poisonous,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_89" id="nurture_line_89"> +buttir</a> is an holsom mete / furst and eke last,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_26" id="nurture_tag_26" href="#nurture_note_26">26</a></p> +<p>For he will<i>e</i> a stomak kepe / & helpe poyson a-wey to +cast,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and aperient.</span> +<p>also he norisheth<i>e</i> a mañ to be laske / and evy humer<i>us</i> +to wast,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_92" id="nurture_line_92">92</a></span> +<p>and w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> white bred / he will<i>e</i> kepe þy mouthe in +tast.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">8</span> +<a name="page8" id="page8"> </a> +<!-- png 130 --> + +<span class="headnote">THE TREATMENT OF WINES WHEN FERMENTING.</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Milk, Junket,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_93" id="nurture_line_93"> +Milke,</a> crayme, and crudd<i>es</i>, and eke the Ioncate,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_27" id="nurture_tag_27" href="#nurture_note_27">27</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">Posset, &c., are binding.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_94" id="nurture_line_94"> +þey</a> close a ma<i>n</i>nes stomak / and so doth<i>e</i> þe +possate;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Eat hard cheese after them.</span> +<p>þerfor<i>e</i> ete hard chese aftir, yef ye sowpe late,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_96" id="nurture_line_96">96</a></span> +<p>and drynk romney modou<i>n</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_28" id="nurture_tag_28" href="#nurture_note_28">28</a> +for feere of chekmate.<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_29" id="nurture_tag_29" href="#nurture_note_29">29</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Beware of green meat; it weakens your belly.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +bewar<i>e</i> of saladis, grene metis, & of frut<i>es</i> rawe</p> +<p>for þey make many a mañ haue a feble mawe.</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>for<i>e</i>, of suche fresch lust<i>es</i> set not an +hawe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_100" id="nurture_line_100">100</a></span> +<p>For suche wantou<i>n</i> appetit<i>es</i> ar not worth a strawe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +For food that sets your teeth on edge, eat almonds and cheese,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +all<i>e</i> man<i>er</i> met<i>is</i> þat þy teth<i>e</i> oñ egge doth +sette,</p> +<p>take almond<i>es</i> þ<i>er</i>for<i>e</i>; & hard chese loke +þ<i>o</i>u not for-gette.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">but not more than half an ounce.</span> +<p>hit will<i>e</i> voide hit awey / but looke to moche þ<i>er</i>of not +þ<i>o</i>u ete;</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_104" id="nurture_line_104">104</a></span> +<p>for þe wight of half an vnce w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owt rompney is +gret.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +If drinks have given you indigestion, eat a raw apple.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_105" id="nurture_line_105"> +Ȝiff</a> dyu<i>er</i>se drynk<i>es</i> of their<i>e</i> fumosite haue þe +dissesid,</p> +<p>Ete an appull<i>e</i> rawe, & his fumosite will<i>e</i> be +cesed;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Moderation is best sometimes,</span> +<p>mesur<i>e</i> is a mery meene / whañ god is not displesed;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">at others abstinence.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_108" id="nurture_line_108">108</a></span> +<p>abstyne<i>n</i>s is to prayse what body & sowle ar plesed.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Look every night that your wines</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_109" id="nurture_line_109"> +Take</a> good hede to þe wynes / Red, white / & swete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">don’t ferment or <span class="texttag">leak</span>;</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>leak</i>] the <i>t</i> of the MS. has a <i>k</i> over it.</span> + +<p>looke eu<i>er</i>y nyȝt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a Candell<i>e</i> +þ<i>a</i>t þey not reboyle / nor <span class="texttag">lete</span>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and wash the heads of the pipes with cold +water.</span> +<p>eu<i>er</i>y nyȝt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> cold wat<i>ur</i> wash<i>e</i> +þe pipes hede, & hit not forgete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Always carry a gimlet, adze, and linen +cloths.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_112" id="nurture_line_112">112</a></span> +<p>& all<i>e</i>-wey haue a gy<i>m</i>let, & a dise,<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_30" id="nurture_tag_30" href="#nurture_note_30">30</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> lynneñ clowt<i>es</i> +small<i>e</i> or grete.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">9</span> +<a name="page9" id="page9"> </a> +<!-- png 131 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +If the wine boil over,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<p>Ȝiff þe wyne reboyle / þow shall<i>e</i> know by hys +syngyng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">put to it the lees of red wine,</span> +<p>þ<i>er</i>for<i>e</i> a pipe of colour<i>e</i> de rose<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_31" id="nurture_tag_31" href="#nurture_note_31">31</a> / þ<i>o</i>u kepe þ<i>a</i>t was spend in +drynkyng<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 172 b.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote">and that will cure it.</span> +<p>the reboyle to Rakke to þe lies of þe rose / þ<i>a</i>t shall<i>e</i> +be his amendyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Romney will bring round sick sweet wine.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_116" id="nurture_line_116">116</a></span> +<p>Ȝiff swete wyne be seeke or pallid / put in a Rompney for +lesyng<i>e</i>.<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_32" id="nurture_tag_32" href="#nurture_note_32">32</a></p> + +<h4><a name="nurture_wines" id="nurture_wines"> +<span class="largecap">S</span>wete Wynes.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_33" id="nurture_tag_33" href="#nurture_note_33">33</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>The names of Sweet Wines.</i></span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_117" id="nurture_line_117"> +<span class="largecap">T</span>he</a> namys of swete wynes y wold +þ<i>a</i>t ye them knewe:</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_118" id="nurture_line_118"> +Vernage,</a> vernagell<i>e</i>, wyne Cute, pyment, Raspise, +Muscadell<i>e</i> of grew,</p> +<p>Rompney of modoñ, Bastard, Tyre, Oȝey, Torrentyne of Ebrew.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_120" id="nurture_line_120">120</a></span> +<p>Greke, Malevesyñ, Caprik, & Clarey whañ it is newe.</p> + +<span class="headnote">HOW TO MAKE YPOCRAS.</span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_ypocras" id="nurture_ypocras"> +<span class="largecap">Y</span>pocras.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Recipe for making Ypocras.</i></span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">G</span>ood soñ, to make ypocras, hit +wer<i>e</i> gret lernyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Take spices thus,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_122" id="nurture_line_122"> +and</a> for to take þe spice þ<i>er</i>to aft<i>ur</i> þe +p<i>ro</i>porcionyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Cinnamon, &c.,</span> +<span class="sidenote"><b>for lord<i>es</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_34" id="nurture_tag_34" href="#nurture_note_34">34</a> +[MS].</b></span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_123" id="nurture_line_123"> +Gynger,</a> Synamome / Graynis, Sugur / Turnesole, þ<i>a</i>t is good +colouryng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">long Pepper</span> +<span class="sidenote"><b>fo[r] co<i>m</i>mynte</b></span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_124" id="nurture_line_124">124</a></span> +<p>For co<i>m</i>myñ peple / Gynger, Canell<i>e</i> / long<i>e</i> pepur +/ hony aft<i>ur</i> claryfiyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">10</span> +<a name="page10" id="page10"> </a> +<!-- png 132 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Have three basins</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +look ye haue of pewt<i>ur</i> basons ooñ, two, & thre,</p> +<p>For to kepe in you<i>re</i> powdurs / also þe lico<i>ur</i> +þ<i>er</i>in to renne wheñ þ<i>a</i>t nede be;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and three straining-bags to them;</span> +<p>to iij. basou<i>n</i>s ye must haue iij bagges renners / so clepe +ham we,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">hang ’em on a perch.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_128" id="nurture_line_128">128</a></span> +<p>& hang<i>e</i> þem̅ oñ a p<i>er</i>che, & looke þat +Sur<i>e</i> they be.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Let your ginger be well pared,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Se þat your<i>e</i> gynger be well<i>e</i> y-pared / or hit to +powd<i>er</i> ye bete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">hard, not worm-eaten,</span> +<p>and þ<i>a</i>t hit be hard / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owt worme / +bytyng<i>e</i>, & good hete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">(Colombyne is better</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_131" id="nurture_line_131"> +For</a> good gyng<i>er</i> colombyne / is best to drynke and ete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">than Valadyne or Maydelyne);</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_132" id="nurture_line_132">132</a></span> +<p>Gyng<i>er</i> valadyne & maydelyñ ar not so holsom in mete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +your sticks of Cinnamon thin,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +looke þat yo<i>ur</i> stikk<i>es</i> of synamome be thyñ, +bretill<i>e</i>, & fayr<i>e</i> in colewr<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">hot and sweet;</span> +<p>and in your<i>e</i> mowth<i>e</i>, Fresch<i>e</i>, hoot, & swete +/ þat is best & sure,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Canel is not so good.</span> +<p>For canell<i>e</i> is not so good in þis crafte & +cur<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Cinnamon is hot and dry,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_136" id="nurture_line_136">136</a></span> +<p>Synamome is hoot & dry in h<i>i</i>s worchyng<i>e</i> while he +will<i>e</i> dur<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Cardamons are hot and moist.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Graynes of p<i>ar</i>adise,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_35" id="nurture_tag_35" href="#nurture_note_35">35</a> hoote & moyst +þey be:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Take sugar or</span> +<p>Sugre of .iij. cute<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_36" id="nurture_tag_36" href="#nurture_note_36">36</a> / white / hoot & +moyst in his</p> +<p>p<i>ro</i>purte;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">sugar candy,</span> +<p>Sugr<i>e</i> Candy is best of all<i>e</i>, as y telle the,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">red wine,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_140" id="nurture_line_140">140</a></span> +<p>and red wyne is whote & drye to tast, fele, & see,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +graines, ginger, pepper,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_141" id="nurture_line_141"> +Graynes</a><a class="tag" href="#nurture_note_35">35</a> / +gyng<i>er</i>, long<i>e</i> pepur, & sugr<i>e</i> / hoot & moyst +in worchyng<i>e</i>;<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_37" id="nurture_tag_37" href="#nurture_note_37">37</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">11</span> +<a name="page11" id="page11"> </a> +<!-- png 133 --> +<span class="sidenote">cinnamon, spice,</span> +<p>Synamome / Canelle<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_38" id="nurture_tag_38" href="#nurture_note_38">38</a> / red wyne / hoot +& drye in þeir<i>e</i> doyng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and turnesole, and</span> +<p>Turnesole<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_39" id="nurture_tag_39" href="#nurture_note_39">39</a> is good & holsom +for red wyne colowryng<i>e</i>:</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_144" id="nurture_line_144">144</a></span> +<p>all<i>e</i> þese ingredyent<i>es</i>, þey ar for ypocras +makyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +put each powder in a bladder by itself.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Good soñ, your<i>e</i> powdurs so made, vche by þam self in +bledd<i>ur</i> laid,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Hang your straining-bags so that</span> +<p>hang<i>e</i> sur<i>e</i> your<i>e</i> p<i>er</i>che & bagges +þ<i>a</i>t þey from yow not brayd,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">they mayn’t touch,—first bag a gallon, +others a pottle.</span> +<p>& þat no bagge touche oþ<i>er</i> / do as y haue yow +said<i>e</i>;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_148" id="nurture_line_148">148</a></span> +<p>þe furst bag a galou<i>n</i> / all<i>e</i> oþ<i>er</i> of a +potell<i>e</i>, vchoñ by oþ<i>er</i> teied.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 173.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Put the powders in two or three gallons of red wine;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Furst put in a basou<i>n</i> a galou<i>n</i> ij. or iij. wyne so +red;</p> +<p>þeñ put in your<i>e</i> powdurs, yf ye will<i>e</i> be sped,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">then into the runner, the second bag,</span> +<p>and aftyr in-to þe renner<i>e</i> so lett hym be fed,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_152" id="nurture_line_152">152</a></span> +<p>þañ in-to þe second bagge so wold it be ledde.</p> + +<p class="stanza">loke þ<i>o</i>u take a pece in þyne hand +eu<i>er</i>mor<i>e</i> among<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">(tasting and trying it now and then),</span> +<p>and assay it in þy mouth<i>e</i> if hit be any thyng<i>e</i> +strong<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>and if þow fele it welle boþe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mouth<i>e</i> & +tong<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and the third vessel.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_156" id="nurture_line_156">156</a></span> +<p>þañ put it in þe iij. vessell<i>e</i> / & tary not to +long<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +If it’s not right,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +And þañ ȝiff þ<i>o</i>u feele it be not made p<i>ar</i>fete,</p> +<p>þat it cast to moche gyng<i>er</i>, with synamome alay þ<i>a</i>t +hete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">add cinnamon, ginger, or sugar, as +wanted.</span> +<p>and if hit haue synamome to moche, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> gyng<i>er</i> +of iij. cute;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_160" id="nurture_line_160">160</a></span> +<p>þañ if to moche sigur<i>e</i> þ<i>er</i> be / by discressiou<i>n</i> +ye may wete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +If it’s not right, add cinnamon, ginger, or sugar, as wanted.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Thus, son, shaltow make p<i>ar</i>fite ypocras, as y the say;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">12</span> +<a name="page12" id="page12"> </a> +<!-- png 134 --> + +<span class="sidenote">Mind you keep tasting it.</span> +<p>but w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þy mowth<i>e</i> to prove hit, / be þow +tastyng<i>e</i> all<i>e</i>-way;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Strain it through bags of fine cloth,</span> +<p>let hit renne in iiij. or vj bagg<i>es</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_40" id="nurture_tag_40" href="#nurture_note_40">40</a>; +gete þem, if þow may,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_164" id="nurture_line_164">164</a></span> +<p>of bultell<i>e</i> cloth<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_41" id="nurture_tag_41" href="#nurture_note_41">41</a>, +if þy bagg<i>es</i> be þe fyner<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owteñ +nay.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +hooped at the mouth,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Good soñ loke þy bagg<i>es</i> be hoopid at þe mothe a-bove,</p> +<p>þe surer<i>e</i> mayst þow put in þy wyne vn-to þy behoue,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the first holding a gallon, the others a +pottle,</span> +<p>þe furst bag of a galou<i>n</i> / all<i>e</i> oþ<i>er</i> of a +potell<i>e</i> to prove;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_168" id="nurture_line_168">168</a></span> +<p>hang<i>e</i> þy bagg<i>es</i> sur<i>e</i> by þe hoopis; do so for my +loue;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and each with a basin under it.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +And vndur eu<i>er</i>y bagge, good soñ, a basou<i>n</i> cler<i>e</i> +& bryght;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">The Ypocras is made.</span> +<p>and now is þe ypocras made / for to plese many a wight.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Use the dregs in the kitchen.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_171" id="nurture_line_171"> +þe</a> draff of þe spicery / is good for Sewes in kychyn diȝt;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_172" id="nurture_line_172">172</a></span> +<p>and ȝiff þow cast hit awey, þow dost þy mastir no riȝt.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<p class="stanza"><span class="midcap">N</span>ow, good son, þyne +ypocras is made p<i>ar</i>fite & well<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Put the Ypocras in a tight clean vessel,</span> +<p>y wold þan ye put it in staunche & a clene vessell<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>and þe mouth<i>e</i> þ<i>er</i>-off y-stopped eu<i>er</i> more wisely +& fell<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and serve it with wafers.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_176" id="nurture_line_176">176</a></span> +<p>and s<i>er</i>ue hit forth w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wafurs boþe in chambur +& Cell<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="headnote">THE BOTERY.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>The Buttery.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_buttery" id="nurture_buttery"> +<span class="largecap">T</span>he botery.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Keep all cups, &c., clean.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">T</span>hy cuppes / þy pott<i>es</i>, +þ<i>o</i>u se be clene boþe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-in & owt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Don’t serve ale till it’s five days old.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_178" id="nurture_line_178"> +[T]hyne</a> ale .v. dayes old er þow s<i>er</i>ue it abowt,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">13</span> +<a name="page13" id="page13"> </a> +<!-- png 135 --> +<p>for ale þat is newe is wastable w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owteñ dowt:</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_180" id="nurture_line_180">180</a></span> +<p>And looke þat all<i>e</i> þyng<i>e</i> be pure & clene þat ye go +abowt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Be civil and obliging,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Be fayr<i>e</i> of answer<i>e</i> / redy to s<i>er</i>ue / and also +gentell<i>e</i> of cher<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>and þañ meñ will<i>e</i> sey ‘þer<i>e</i> goth<i>e</i> a +gentill<i>e</i> officer<i>e</i>.’</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and give no one stale drink.</span> +<p>be war<i>e</i> þat ye geue no p<i>er</i>sone palled<a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_42" id="nurture_tag_42" href="#nurture_note_42">42</a> drynke, for feer<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_184" id="nurture_line_184">184</a></span> +<p>hit myȝt bryng<i>e</i> many a man in dissese / duryng<i>e</i> many a +ȝer<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="headnote">HOW TO LAY THE CLOTH AND WRAP UP BREAD.</span> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 173 b.]</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>To lay the cloth</i>, &c.</span> +<p class="stanza"><a name="nurture_cloth" id="nurture_cloth"> +<span class="largecap">S</span>on, hit is tyme of þe day / þe table +wold be layde.</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">Wipe the table</span> +<p>Furst wipe þe table w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a cloth<i>e</i> or þ<i>a</i>t +hit be splayd,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Put a cloth on it (a cowche);</span> +<p>þañ lay a cloth<i>e</i> oñ þe table / a cowche<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_43" id="nurture_tag_43" href="#nurture_note_43">43</a> +it is called & said:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">you take one end, your mate the other;</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_188" id="nurture_line_188">188</a></span> +<p>take þy felow ooñ ende þ<i>er</i>of / & þ<i>o</i>u þat +other<i>e</i> that brayde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +lay the fold of the second cloth(?) on the outer edge of the +table,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Thañ draw streight þy cloth<i>e</i>, & ley þe bouȝt<a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_44" id="nurture_tag_44" href="#nurture_note_44">44</a> oñ þe vtt<i>ur</i> egge of þe table,</p> +<p>take þe vpper part / & let hyt hang<i>e</i> evyñ able:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">that of the third cloth(?) on the inner.</span> +<p>þanñ take þe .iij. cloth<i>e</i>, & ley the bouȝt oñ þe Inner +side plesable,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_192" id="nurture_line_192">192</a></span> +<p>and ley estate w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the vpper part, þe brede of half +fote is greable.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Cover your cupboard with a diaper towel,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Cover þy cuppeborde of thy ewery w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the towell<i>e</i> +of diapery;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">put one round your neck, one side on your left +arm</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_194" id="nurture_line_194"> +take</a> a towell<i>e</i> abowt thy nekke / for þat is curtesy,</p> +<p>lay þ<i>a</i>t ooñ side of þe towaile oñ þy lift arme manerly,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">14</span> +<a name="page14" id="page14"> </a> +<!-- png 136 --> + +<span class="sidenote">with your sovereign’s napkin;</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_196" id="nurture_line_196">196</a></span> +<p>an oñ þe same arme ley þy sou<i>er</i>aignes napkyñ honestly;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +on that, eight loaves to eat, and three or four trencher loaves: in your +left</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +þañ lay oñ þat arme viij. louys bred / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> iij. or iiij. +trencher<i>e</i> lovis;</p> +<p>Take þat oo ende of þy towaile / in þy lift hand, as þe +man<i>er</i> is,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the salt-cellar.</span> +<p>and þe salt Seller<i>e</i> in þe same hand, looke þ<i>a</i>t ye do +this;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">In your right hand, spoons and knives.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_200" id="nurture_line_200">200</a></span> +<p>þat oþ<i>er</i> ende of þe towaile / in riȝt hand w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +spones & knyffes y-wis;</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Put the Salt on the right of your lord;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_201" id="nurture_line_201"> +Set</a> your<i>e</i> salt oñ þe right side / wher<i>e</i> sitt<i>es</i> +your<i>e</i> soverayne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">on its left, a trencher or two;</span> +<p>oñ þe lyfft Side of your<i>e</i> salt / sett your<i>e</i> trencher +oon & twayne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">on their left, a knife,</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +. . . .] a space in the MS.</span> +<span class="sidenote">then white rolls,</span> +<p>oñ þe lifft side of yo<i>ur</i> tr<i>e</i>nchour<i>e</i> lay +your<i>e</i> knyffe syng<i>u</i>l<i>e</i>r & playñ;</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_204" id="nurture_line_204">204</a></span> +<p>and oñ þe <span class="texttag">. . . .</span> side of your<i>e</i> +knyff<i>es</i> / ooñ by oñ þe white payne;</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and beside them a spoon folded in a napkin.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +your<i>e</i> spone vppoñ a napkyñ fayr<i>e</i> / ȝet foldeñ wold +he be,</p> +<p>besides þe bred it wold be laid, soñ, y telle the:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Cover all up.</span> +<p>Cover your spone / napkyñ, trencher, & knyff, þ<i>a</i>t no mañ +hem se.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">At the other end set a Salt and two +trenchers.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_208" id="nurture_line_208">208</a></span> +<p>at þe oþ<i>er</i> ende of þe table / a salt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ij. +trenchers sett ye.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"><i>How to wrap up your lord’s bread in a +stately way.</i></span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Sir</i>] ? MS.</span> + +<p class="stanza"><a name="nurture_bread" id="nurture_bread"> +<span class="texttag"><span class="midcap">S</span><i>ir</i></span>, +ȝeff þow wilt wrappe þy sou<i>er</i>aynes bred stately,</a></p> +<p>Thow must square & p<i>ro</i>porciou<i>n</i> þy bred clene & +evenly,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Cut your loaves all equal.</span> +<p>and þat no loof ne bunne be mor<i>e</i> þañ oþ<i>er</i> +p<i>ro</i>porcionly,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_212" id="nurture_line_212">212</a></span> +<p>and so shaltow make þy wrappe for þy mast<i>er</i> +man<i>er</i>ly;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Take a towel two and a half yards</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_213" id="nurture_line_213"> +þañ</a> take a towaile of Raynes,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_45" id="nurture_tag_45" href="#nurture_note_45">45</a> +of ij. yard<i>es</i> and half wold it be,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">15</span> +<a name="page15" id="page15"> </a> +<!-- png 137 --> +<span class="sidenote">long by the ends,</span> +<p>take þy towaile by the end<i>es</i> dowble / and fair<i>e</i> oñ a +table lay ye,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">fold up a handful from each end,</span> +<p>þañ take þe end of þ<i>a</i>t bought / an handfull<i>e</i> in hande, +now her<i>e</i> ye me:</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_216" id="nurture_line_216">216</a></span> +<p>wrap ye hard þat handfull<i>e</i> or mor<i>e</i> it is þe styffer, +y telle þe</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and in the middle of the folds lay</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Þañ ley betwene þe endes so wrapped, in myddes of þat +towell<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">eight loaves or buns, bottom to bottom;</span> +<p>viij loves or bonnes, botom to botom̅, forsothe it will<i>e</i> do +well<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">put a wrapper</span> +<p>and wheñ þe looff<i>es</i> ar betweñ, þañ wrappe hit wisely & +fell<i>e</i>;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_220" id="nurture_line_220">220</a></span> +<p>and for your<i>e</i> enformaciou<i>n</i> mor<i>e</i> playnly y +will<i>e</i> yow tell<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 174.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +on the top,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +ley it oñ þe vpper part of þe bred, y telle yow honestly;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">twist the ends of the towel <ins class="mycorr" title="printed ‘to/gether’ without hyphen">together</ins>,</span> +<p>take boþe endis of þe towell<i>e</i>, & draw þem straytly,</p> +<p>and wrythe an handfull<i>e</i> of þe towell<i>e</i> next þe bred +myghtily,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">smooth your wrapper,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_224" id="nurture_line_224">224</a></span> +<p>and se þat thy wrapper<i>e</i> be made strayt & evyñ +styffely.</p> + +<p class="stanza">wheñ he is so y-graithed,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_46" id="nurture_tag_46" href="#nurture_note_46">46</a> +as riȝt befor<i>e</i> y haue saide,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and quickly</span> +<p>þeñ shall<i>e</i> ye opeñ hym thus / & do hit at a brayd,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">open the end of it before your lord.</span> +<p>opeñ þe last end of þy wrapper<i>e</i> befor<i>e</i> þi +sou<i>er</i>ayne laid,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_228" id="nurture_line_228">228</a></span> +<p>and your<i>e</i> bred sett in man<i>er</i> & forme: þeñ it is +honestly arayd.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +After your lord’s</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">S</span>oñ, wheñ þy sou<i>er</i>eignes table is +drest in þus array,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">lay the other tables.</span> +<p>kou<i>er</i> all<i>e</i> oþ<i>er</i> bord<i>es</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +Salt<i>es</i>; trenchers & cuppes þ<i>er</i>oñ ye lay;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Deck your cupboard with plate,</span> +<p>þan emp<i>er</i>iall<i>e</i> þy Cuppeborde / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +Silu<i>er</i> & gild full<i>e</i> gay,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">16</span> +<a name="page16" id="page16"> </a> +<!-- png 138 --> + +<span class="sidenote">your washing-table with basins, &c.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_232" id="nurture_line_232">232</a></span> +<p>þy Ewry borde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> basons & lauo<i>ur</i>, +wat<i>ur</i> hoot & cold, eche oþ<i>er</i> to alay.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Have plenty of napkins, &c.,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +loke p<i>a</i>t ye haue napkyns, spones, & cuppis eu<i>er</i> +y-nowe</p> +<p>to your sou<i>er</i>aynes table, your<i>e</i> honeste for to +allowe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and your pots clean.</span> +<p>also þat pott<i>es</i> for wyne & ale be as clene as þey +mowe;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_236" id="nurture_line_236">236</a></span> +<p>be eu<i>er</i>more war<i>e</i> of flies & mot<i>es</i>, +y telle þe, for þy prowe.</p> + +<span class="headnote"><a name="nurture_surnape" id="nurture_surnape"> +HOW TO LAY THE SURNAPE AND TABLE.</a></span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Make the <i>Surnape</i> with a cloth under a double napkin.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_237" id="nurture_line_237"> +<span class="largecap">T</span>he</a> surnape<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_47" id="nurture_tag_47" href="#nurture_note_47">47</a> +ye shull<i>e</i> make w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> lowly curtesye</p> +<p>with a cloth<i>e</i> vndir a dowble of riȝt feir<i>e</i> napry;</p> +<p>take thy towailes end<i>es</i> next yow w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-out +vilanye,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Fold the two ends of your towel, and one of the +cloth,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_240" id="nurture_line_240">240</a></span> +<p>and þe ende of þe cloth<i>e</i> oñ þe vttur side of þe towell<i>e</i> +bye;</p> + +<p class="stanza">Thus all<i>e</i> iij. end<i>es</i> hold ye at onis, +as ye well<i>e</i> may;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">a foot over,</span> +<p>now fold ye all<i>e</i> ther<i>e</i> at oonys þ<i>a</i>t a pliȝt +passe not a fote brede all<i>e</i> way,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and lay it smooth foryour lord to wash +with.</span> +<p>þañ lay hyt fayr<i>e</i> & evyñ þer<i>e</i> as ye cañ hit +lay;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_244" id="nurture_line_244">244</a></span> +<p>þus aft<i>ur</i> mete, ȝiff yowr<i>e</i> mastir will<i>e</i> +wasch<i>e</i>, þat he may.</p> + +<p class="stanza">at þe riȝt ende of þe table ye must it owt gyde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">The marshal must slip it along the +table,</span> +<p>þe marchall<i>e</i> must hit convey along<i>e</i> þe table to +glide;</p> +<p>So of all<i>e</i> iij clothes vppeward þe riȝt half þat tide,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and pull it smooth.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_248" id="nurture_line_248">248</a></span> +<p>and þat it be draw strayt & evyñ boþe in length<i>e</i> & +side.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Then raise the upper part of the towel,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Then must ye draw & reyse / þe vpper p<i>ar</i>te of þe +towell<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and lay it even,</span> +<p>Ley it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-out ruffelyng<i>e</i> streiȝt to þat +oþ<i>er</i> side, y þe telle;</p> +<p>þañ at eu<i>er</i>y end þ<i>er</i>of convay half a yarde or an +elle,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">17</span> +<a name="page17" id="page17"> </a> +<!-- png 139 --> +<span class="sidenote">so that the Sewer (arranger of dishes) may make +a state.</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>make</i> is repeated in the MS.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_252" id="nurture_line_252">252</a></span> +<p>þat þe sewer<i>e</i> may <span class="texttag">make</span> a state +/ & plese h<i>i</i>s mastir well<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +When your lord has washed,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_253" id="nurture_line_253"> +whan</a> þe state hath wasch<i>e</i>, þe surnap drawne playne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">take up the Surnape with your</span> +<p>þeñ must ye ber<i>e</i> forþe þe surnape befor<i>e</i> your<i>e</i> +souerayne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">two arms,</span> +<p>and so must ye take it vppe with<i>e</i> your<i>e</i> armes +twayne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and carry it back to the Ewery.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_256" id="nurture_line_256">256</a></span> +<p>and to þe Ewery bere hit your<i>e</i> silf agayne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Carry a towel round your neck.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_table" id="nurture_table"> +a-bowt your<i>e</i> nekke a towell<i>e</i> ye ber<i>e</i>, so to +s<i>er</i>ue your<i>e</i> lorde,</a></p> +<p>þañ to hym make curtesie, for so it will<i>e</i> accorde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Uncover your bread;</span> +<p>vnkeu<i>er</i> your<i>e</i> brede, & by þe salt sette hit euyñ oñ +þe borde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">see that all diners have knife, spoon, and +napkin.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_260" id="nurture_line_260">260</a></span> +<p>looke þer<i>e</i> be knyfe & spone / & napkyñ +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outy[<i>n</i>] any worde.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 174 b.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Bow when you leave your lord.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Eu<i>er</i> whañ ye dep<i>ar</i>te from your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>aigne, +looke ye bowe yo<i>ur</i> knees;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Take eight loaves from the bread-cloth,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_262" id="nurture_line_262"> +to</a> þe port-payne<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_48" id="nurture_tag_48" href="#nurture_note_48">48</a> forth<i>e</i> ye +passe, & þer<i>e</i> viij. loues ye leese:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and put four at each end.</span> +<p>Set at eiþur end of þe table .iiij. loofes at a mese,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_264" id="nurture_line_264">264</a></span> +<p>þañ looke þat ye haue napkyñ & spone eu<i>er</i>y p<i>er</i>sone +to plese.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Lay for as many persons as the</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +wayte well<i>e</i> to þe Sewer<i>e</i> how many potag<i>es</i> +keuered he;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Sewer has set potages for,</span> +<p>keu<i>er</i> ye so many p<i>er</i>sonis for your<i>e</i> honeste.</p> +<p>þañ serve forth<i>e</i> your<i>e</i> table / vche p<i>er</i>sone to +his degre,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and have plenty of bread and drink.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_268" id="nurture_line_268">268</a></span> +<p>and þat þ<i>er</i> lak no bred / trenchour<i>e</i>, ale, & wyne / +eu<i>er</i>mor<i>e</i> ye se.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">18</span> +<a name="page18" id="page18"> </a> +<!-- png 140 --> +<span class="headnote">SYMPLE CONDICIONS: HOW TO BEHAVE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Be lively and soft-spoken, clean and well dressed.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +be glad of cher<i>e</i> / Curteise of kne / & soft of speche,</p> +<p>Fayr<i>e</i> hand<i>es</i>, clene nayles / honest arrayed, y the +teche;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Don’t spit or put your fingers into +cups.</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Coughe</i>] Mark over <i>h</i>.</span> + +<p><span class="texttag">Coughe</span> not, ner spitte, nor to lowd ye +reche,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_272" id="nurture_line_272">272</a></span> +<p>ne put your<i>e</i> fyngurs in the cuppe / moot<i>es</i> for to +seche.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Stop all blaming</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +yet to all<i>e</i> þe lord<i>es</i> haue ye a sight / for +groggy<i>n</i>g<i>e</i> & atwytyng<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_49" id="nurture_tag_49" href="#nurture_note_49">49</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">and backbiting,</span> +<p>of fellows þat be at þe mete, for þeir<i>e</i> bakbytyng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and prevent complaints.</span> +<p>Se þey be s<i>er</i>ued of bred, ale, & wyne, for +complaynyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_276" id="nurture_line_276">276</a></span> +<p>and so shall<i>e</i> ye haue of all<i>e</i> meñ / good loue & +praysyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>General Directions for +Behaviour.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_condicions" id="nurture_condicions"> +<span class="largecap">S</span>ymple condicions.</a></h4> + +<p class="stanza"><a name="nurture_line_277" id="nurture_line_277"> +<span class="largecap">S</span>ymple</a> Co<i>n</i>dicyons of a +p<i>er</i>sone þ<i>a</i>t is not taught,</p> +<p>y will<i>e</i> ye eschew, for eu<i>er</i>mor<i>e</i> þey be +nowght.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Don’t claw your back as if after a flea;</span> +<p>your<i>e</i> hed ne bak ye claw / a fleigh as þaugh<i>e</i> ye +sought,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">or your head, as if after a louse.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_280" id="nurture_line_280">280</a></span> +<p>ne your<i>e</i> heer<i>e</i> ye stryke, ne pyke / to prall<i>e</i><a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_50" id="nurture_tag_50" href="#nurture_note_50">50</a> for a flesch<i>e</i> mought.<a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_51" id="nurture_tag_51" href="#nurture_note_51">51</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +See that your eyes are not blinking</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Glowtyng<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_52" id="nurture_tag_52" href="#nurture_note_52">52</a> ne twynkelyng<i>e</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> yȝe / ne to heuy of cher<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and watery.</span> +<p>watery / wynkyng<i>e</i> / ne droppyng<i>e</i> / but of sight +cler<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Don’t pick your nose, or let it drop,</span> +<p>pike not your<i>e</i> nose / ne þat hit be droppyng<i>e</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no peerlis cler<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">or blow it too loud,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_284" id="nurture_line_284">284</a></span> +<p>Snyff nor snityng<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_53" id="nurture_tag_53" href="#nurture_note_53">53</a> hyt to lowd / lest +your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne hit her<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">19</span> +<a name="page19" id="page19"> </a> +<!-- png 141 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +or twist your neck.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +wrye not your<i>e</i> nek a doyle<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_54" id="nurture_tag_54" href="#nurture_note_54">54</a> +as hit wer<i>e</i> a dawe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Don’t claw your cods,</span> +<p>put not your<i>e</i> hand<i>es</i> in your<i>e</i> hoseñ your<i>e</i> +codwar<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_55" id="nurture_tag_55" href="#nurture_note_55">55</a> fer to clawe,</p> +<p>nor pikyng<i>e</i>, nor trifelyng<i>e</i> / ne shrukkyng<i>e</i> as +þauȝ ye wold sawe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">rub your hands,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_288" id="nurture_line_288">288</a></span> +<p>yo<i>ur</i> hond<i>es</i> frote ne rub / brydelynge +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> brest vppoñ yo<i>ur</i> crawe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +pick your ears,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> eris pike not / ner be ye slow of +heryng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">retch, or spit too far.</span> +<p>areche / ne spitt to ferr<i>e</i> / ne haue lowd +laughyng<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Speke not lowd / be war of mowyng<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_56" id="nurture_tag_56" href="#nurture_note_56">56</a> +& scornyng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Don’t tell lies,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_292" id="nurture_line_292">292</a></span> +<p>be no lier w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> mouth<i>e</i> / ne +lykorous, ne dryvelyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +or squirt with your mouth,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> mouthe ye vse nowþ<i>er</i> to squyrt, +nor spowt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">gape, pout, or</span> +<p>be not gapyng<i>e</i> nor ganyng<i>e</i>, ne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þy +mouth to powt</p> + +<span class="sidenote">put your tongue in a dish to pick dust +out.</span> +<p>lik not w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þy tong<i>e</i> in a disch, a mote to +haue owt.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_296" id="nurture_line_296">296</a></span> +<p>Be not rasche ne recheles, it is not worth a clowt.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 175.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Don’t cough,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> brest / sigh<i>e</i>, nor cowgh<i>e</i> +/ nor brethe, your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne befor<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">hiccup, or belch,</span> +<p>be yoxing<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_57" id="nurture_tag_57" href="#nurture_note_57">57</a> ne bolkyng<i>e</i> / +ne gronyng<i>e</i>, neu<i>er</i> þe more;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">20</span> +<a name="page20" id="page20"> </a> +<!-- png 142 --> +<span class="sidenote">straddle your legs,</span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> feet trampelyng<i>e</i>, ne +settyng<i>e</i> your<i>e</i> leggis a shor<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_58" id="nurture_tag_58" href="#nurture_note_58">58</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">or scrub your body.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_300" id="nurture_line_300">300</a></span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> body be not shrubbyng<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_59" id="nurture_tag_59" href="#nurture_note_59">59</a>; Iettyng<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_60" id="nurture_tag_60" href="#nurture_note_60">60</a> +is no loor<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Don’t pick your teeth,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Good soñ, þy teth<i>e</i> be not pikyng<i>e</i>, grisyng<i>e</i>,<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_61" id="nurture_tag_61" href="#nurture_note_61">61</a> ne gnastynge<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_62" id="nurture_tag_62" href="#nurture_note_62">62</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">cast stinking breath on your lord,</span> +<p>ne stynkyng<i>e</i> of breth<i>e</i> oñ your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne +castyng<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> puffyng<i>e</i> ne blowyng<i>e</i>, nowþ<i>er</i> +full<i>e</i> ne fastyng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">fire your stern guns, or expose</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_304" id="nurture_line_304">304</a></span> +<p>and all<i>e</i> wey be war<i>e</i> of þy hyndur part from +gu<i>n</i>nes blastyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +your codware</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +These Cuttid<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_63" id="nurture_tag_63" href="#nurture_note_63">63</a> galaunt<i>es</i> with +their<i>e</i> codwar<i>e</i>; þat is añ vngoodly gise;—</p> +<p>Other tacches<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_64" id="nurture_tag_64" href="#nurture_note_64">64</a> as towchyng<i>e</i> / +y spar<i>e</i> not to mysp<i>ra</i>ue aft<i>ur</i> myne +avise,—</p> + +<span class="pagenum">21</span> +<a name="page21" id="page21"> </a> +<!-- png 143 --> +<span class="sidenote">before your master.</span> +<p>wheñ he shall<i>e</i> s<i>er</i>ue his mastir, befor<i>e</i> hym̅ oñ +þe table hit lyes;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_308" id="nurture_line_308">308</a></span> +<p>Eu<i>er</i>y sou<i>er</i>eyne of sadnes<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_65" id="nurture_tag_65" href="#nurture_note_65">65</a> +all<i>e</i> suche sort shall<i>e</i> dispise.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Many other improprieties</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Many moo condicions a mañ myght fynde / þañ now ar named +her<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">a good servant will avoid.’</span> +<p>þ<i>er</i>for<i>e</i> Eu<i>er</i>y honest s<i>er</i>uand / avoyd +all<i>e</i> thoo, & worshipp<i>e</i> lat hym leer<i>e</i>.</p> +<p>Panter, yomañ of þe Celler<i>e</i>, butler<i>e</i>, & +Ewer<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_312" id="nurture_line_312">312</a></span> +<p>y will<i>e</i> þat ye obeye to þe marshall<i>e</i>, Sewer<i>e</i>, +& kerver<i>e</i>.<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_66" id="nurture_tag_66" href="#nurture_note_66">66</a>’</p> + +<span class="headnote">HOW TO CARVE, AND TO LAY TRENCHERS.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza">‘Sir, pray teach me how to carve,</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>connyng</i>e] MS. comynge.</span> + +<p class="stanza"><a name="nurture_carve" id="nurture_carve"> +“<span class="largecap">G</span>ood syr, y yow pray þe <span class="texttag">connyng<i>e</i></span> of kervyng<i>e</i> ye will<i>e</i> me +teche,</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">handle a knife, and cut up birds,</span> +<p>and þe fayr<i>e</i> handlyng<i>e</i> of a knyfe, y yow +beseche,</p> +<p>and all<i>e</i> wey wher<i>e</i> y shall<i>e</i> all<i>e</i> +man<i>er</i> fowles / breke, vnlace, or seche,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_67" id="nurture_tag_67" href="#nurture_note_67">67</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">fish, and flesh.’</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_316" id="nurture_line_316">316</a></span> +<p>and w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> Fysch<i>e</i> or flesch<i>e</i>, how +shall<i>e</i> y demene me w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> eche.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<p class="stanza">“<span class="midcap">S</span>oñ, thy knyfe must +be bryght, fayr<i>e</i>, & clene,</p> +<p>and þyne hand<i>es</i> fair<i>e</i> wasch<i>e</i>, it wold þe +well<i>e</i> be sene.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">‘Hold your knife tight, with two fingers and a +thumb,</span> +<p>hold alwey thy knyfe sur<i>e</i>, þy self not to tene,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_320" id="nurture_line_320">320</a></span> +<p>and passe not ij. fyngurs & a thombe oñ thy knyfe so kene;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +in your midpalm.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +In mydde wey of thyne hande set the ende of þe haft Sur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Do your carving, lay your bread, and take off +trenchers,</span> +<p>Vnlasyng<i>e</i> & mynsyng<i>e</i> .ij. fyngur<i>s</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe thombe / þ<i>a</i>t may ye endur<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">with two fingers and thumb.</span> +<p>kervyng<i>e</i> / of bred leiyng<i>e</i> / voydyng<i>e</i> / of +cromes & trenchewr<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_324" id="nurture_line_324">324</a></span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ij. fyngurs and a thombe / loke ye haue þe +Cure.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">22</span> +<a name="page22" id="page22"> </a> +<!-- png 144 --> + +<p class="stanza">Sett neu<i>er</i> oñ fysch<i>e</i> nor +flesch<i>e</i> / beest / nor fowle, trewly,</p> +<p>Moor<i>e</i> þañ ij. fyngurs and a thombe, for þat is curtesie.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Never touch others’ food with your right +hand,</span> +<p>Touche neu<i>er</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> right hande no +man<i>er</i> mete surely,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">but only with the left.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_328" id="nurture_line_328">328</a></span> +<p>but w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your lyft hande / as y seid afor<i>e</i>, for +þ<i>a</i>t is goodlye.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 175 b.]</span> + +<p class="stanza">All<i>e</i>-wey w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> lift +hand hold yo<i>ur</i> loof w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> myght,</p> +<p>and hold your<i>e</i> knyfe Sur<i>e</i>, as y haue geue yow +sight.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Don’t dirty your table</span> +<p>enbrewe<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_68" id="nurture_tag_68" +href="#nurture_note_68">68</a> not your<i>e</i> table / for þañ ye do +not ryght,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">or wipe your knives on it.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_332" id="nurture_line_332">332</a></span> +<p>ne þ<i>er</i>-vppoñ ye wipe your<i>e</i> knyff<i>es</i>, but oñ +your<i>e</i> napkyñ plight.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Take a loaf of trenchers, and</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Furst take a loofe of trenchurs in þy lifft hande,</p> +<p>þañ take þy table knyfe,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_69" id="nurture_tag_69" href="#nurture_note_69">69</a> as y haue seid +afor<i>e</i> hande;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">with the edge of your knife raise a trencher, +and lay it before your lord;</span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the egge of þe knyfe your<i>e</i> trencher<i>e</i> +vp be ye reysande</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_336" id="nurture_line_336">336</a></span> +<p>as nyghe þe poynt as ye may, to-for<i>e</i> your<i>e</i> lord hit +leyande;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +lay four trenchers four-square,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +right so .iiij. trenchers ooñ by a-nothur .iiij. squar<i>e</i> ye +sett,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and another on the top.</span> +<p>and vppoñ þo trenchurs .iiij. a trenchur sengle +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-out lett;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Take a loaf of light bread,</span> +<p>þañ take your<i>e</i> loof of light payne / as y haue said ȝett,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_340" id="nurture_line_340">340</a></span> +<p>and w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the egge of þe knyfe nygh<i>e</i> your hand ye +kett.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +pare the edges,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Furst par<i>e</i> þe quarters of the looff round all<i>e</i> a-bowt,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">23</span> +<a name="page23" id="page23"> </a> +<!-- png 145 --> +<span class="sidenote">cut the upper crust for your lord,</span> +<p>þañ kutt þe vpper crust / for your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne, & to +hym alowt.</p> +<p>Suffer<i>e</i> your<i>e</i> parell<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_70" id="nurture_tag_70" href="#nurture_note_70">70</a> +to stond still<i>e</i> to þe botom / & so nyȝe y-spend owt,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>cromes</i>] MS. <i>may be</i> coomes.</span> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_344" id="nurture_line_344">344</a></span> +<p>so ley hym of þe <span class="texttag">cromes</span> a quarter of +þe looff Sauncȝ dowt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and don’t touch it after it’s trimmed.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Touche neu<i>er</i> þe loof aft<i>ur</i> he is so tamed,</p> +<p>put it, [on] a plater<i>e</i> or þe almes disch +þ<i>er</i>-for<i>e</i> named.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Keep your table clean.</span> +<p>Make clene your<i>e</i> bord eu<i>er</i>, þañ shall<i>e</i> ye not be +blamed,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_348" id="nurture_line_348">348</a></span> +<p>þañ may þe sewer<i>e</i> his lord s<i>er</i>ue / & neyth<i>ur</i> +of yow be gramed<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_71" id="nurture_tag_71" href="#nurture_note_71">71</a></p> + +<span class="headnote">FUMOSITEES.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>Indigestibilities.</i></span> +<h4><a name="nurture_fumos" id="nurture_fumos"> +Fumositees.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote">You must know what meat is indigestible,</span> +<p class="stanza"><span class="largecap">O</span>f all<i>e</i> +man<i>er</i> met<i>es</i> ye must thus know & fele</p> +<p>þe fumositees of fysch, flesch<i>e</i>, & fowles dyu<i>er</i>s +& feele,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and what sauces are wholesome.</span> +<p>And all<i>e</i> man<i>er</i> of Sawc<i>es</i> for fisch<i>e</i> & +flesch<i>e</i> to p<i>re</i>serue yo<i>ur</i> lord in heele;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_352" id="nurture_line_352">352</a></span> +<p>to yow it behouyth to knew all<i>e</i> þese eu<i>er</i>y deele.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<p class="stanza">“<span class="largecap">S</span>yr, hertyly y pray +yow for to telle me Certenle</p> +<p>of how many met<i>es</i> þat ar fumose in þeir<i>e</i> degre.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote">These things are indigestible:</span> +<p>“<span class="midcap">I</span>n certeyñ, my soñ, þat sone +shall<i>e</i> y shew the</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_356" id="nurture_line_356">356</a></span> +<p>by letturs dyu<i>er</i>s told<i>e</i> by thries thre,</p> + +<p class="stanza"><span class="midcap">F</span>, <span class="midcap">R</span>, and <span class="midcap">S</span> / in +dyu<i>er</i>se tyme and tyde</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Fat and Fried,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_358" id="nurture_line_358"> +<span class="midcap">F</span> is þe furst</a> / þat is, <b>F</b>att, +<b>F</b>arsed, & <b>F</b>ried;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Raw and Resty,</span> +<p><span class="midcap">R</span>, <b>r</b>aw / <b>r</b>esty, and +<b>r</b>echy, ar combero<i>us</i> vndefied;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Salt and Sour,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_360" id="nurture_line_360">360</a></span> +<p><span class="midcap">S</span> / <b>s</b>alt / <b>s</b>owre / and +<b>s</b>owse<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_72" id="nurture_tag_72" href="#nurture_note_72">72</a> / all<i>e</i> suche +þow set a-side,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">24</span> +<a name="page24" id="page24"> </a> +<!-- png 146 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +also sinews, skin, hair, feathers, crops,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> other of the same sort, and lo thus ar thay,</p> +<p>Senowis, skynnes / heer<i>e</i> / Cropyns<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_73" id="nurture_tag_73" href="#nurture_note_73">73</a> +/ yong<i>e</i> fedurs for certeñ y say,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">heads, pinions, &c.,</span> +<p>heedis / py<i>n</i>nyns, boonis / all<i>e</i> þese pyke away,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_364" id="nurture_line_364">364</a></span> +<p>Suffir neu<i>er</i> þy sou<i>er</i>ayne / to fele þem, y the +pray /</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +legs,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +All<i>e</i> man<i>er</i> leggis also, bothe of fowle and beestis,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">outsides of thighs,</span> +<p>the vttur side of the thygh<i>e</i> or legge of all<i>e</i> fowlis in +feest<i>is</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">skins;</span> +<p>the fumosite of all<i>e</i> man<i>er</i> skynnes y p<i>ro</i>mytt +þe<i>e</i> by heestis,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">these destroy your lord’s rest.’</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_368" id="nurture_line_368">368</a></span> +<p>all<i>e</i> þese may benym<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_74" id="nurture_tag_74" href="#nurture_note_74">74</a> þy sou<i>er</i>ayne +/ from many nyght<i>is</i> rest<i>is</i>.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +‘Thanks, father,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“<span class="largecap">N</span>ow fayr<i>e</i> befall<i>e</i> yow +fadur / & well<i>e</i> must ye cheve,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_75" id="nurture_tag_75" href="#nurture_note_75">75</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">I’ll put your teaching into practice,</span> +<p>For these poyntes by practik y hope full<i>e</i> well<i>e</i> to +p<i>re</i>ve,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and pray for you.</span> +<p>and yet shall<i>e</i> y p<i>ra</i>y for yow / dayly while þat y leue +/</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_372" id="nurture_line_372">372</a></span> +<p>bothe for body and sowle / þat god yow gyde from greve;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +But please</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Prayng<i>e</i> yow to take it, fadur / for no displesur<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>yf y durst desir<i>e</i> mor<i>e</i> / and þat y myght<i>e</i> be +sur<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote">tell me how to carve fish and flesh.’</span> +<p>to know þe kervyng<i>e</i> of fisch<i>e</i> & flesch<i>e</i> / +aftur cock<i>es</i> cur<i>e</i>:</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_376" id="nurture_line_376">376</a></span> +<p>y hed leu<i>er</i> þe sight of that / thañ A Scarlet hur<i>e</i>.”<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_76" id="nurture_tag_76" href="#nurture_note_76">76</a></p> + +<span class="headnote">KERUYNG OF FLESH.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>Carving of Meat.</i></span> +<h4><a name="nurture_flesh" id="nurture_flesh"> +Kervyng of flesh:</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote">Cut <i>brawn</i> on the dish, and lift</span> +<p>“<span class="midcap">S</span>on, take þy knyfe as y taught þe +while er<i>e</i>,</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_378" id="nurture_line_378"> +kut</a> bravne in þe disch<i>e</i> riȝt as hit lieth<i>e</i> +ther<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">25</span> +<a name="page25" id="page25"> </a> +<!-- png 147 --> +<span class="sidenote">slices off with your knife;</span> +<p>and to þy sou<i>er</i>eynes trenchour<i>e</i> / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe +knyfe / ye h<i>i</i>t ber<i>e</i>:</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_380" id="nurture_line_380">380</a></span> +<p>pare þe fatt þ<i>er</i>-from / be war<i>e</i> of hide & +heer<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="stanza">Thañ whan ye haue it so y-leid / oñ þy lord<i>es</i> +trenchour<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">serve it with mustard.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_382" id="nurture_line_382"> +looke</a> ye haue good mustarde þ<i>er</i>-to and good +licour<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Venison with furmity.</span> +<p>Fatt venesou<i>n</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> frumenty / hit is a gay +plesewr<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_384" id="nurture_line_384">384</a></span> +<p>your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne to s<i>er</i>ue with in sesou<i>n</i> +to his honowr<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Touch <i>Venison</i> only with your knife,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Towche not þe venisou<i>n</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no bare hand</p> +<p>but with<i>e</i> þy knyfe; þis wise shall<i>e</i> ye be +doand<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">pare it,</span> +<p>with<i>e</i> þe fore part of þe knyfe looke ye be hit parand,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">cross it with 12 scores,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_388" id="nurture_line_388">388</a></span> +<p>xij. draught<i>es</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe egge of þe knyfe þe +venison crossand<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 176 b.]</span> + +<p class="stanza">Thañ whañ ye þat venesou<i>n</i> so haue chekkid +hit,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">cut a piece out, and put it in the furmity +soup.</span> +<p>with þe fore p<i>ar</i>te of your<i>e</i> knyfe / þ<i>a</i>t ye hit +owt kytt,</p> +<p>In þe frume<i>n</i>ty potage honestly ye co<i>n</i>vey hit,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_392" id="nurture_line_392">392</a></span> +<p>in þe same forme w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> pesyñ & bakeñ whañ +sesou<i>n</i> þ<i>er</i>-to doth<i>e</i> sitt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Touch with your left hand,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_393" id="nurture_line_393"> +With<i>e</i></a> your<i>e</i> lift hand touche beeff / Chyne<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_77" id="nurture_tag_77" href="#nurture_note_77">77</a> / motou<i>n</i>, as is a-for<i>e</i> said,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">pare it clean,</span> +<p>& pare hit clene or þ<i>a</i>t ye kerve / or hit to yo<i>ur</i> +lord be layd;</p> +<p>and as it is showed afor<i>e</i> / bewar<i>e</i> of +vpbrayd<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">put away the sinews, &c.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_396" id="nurture_line_396">396</a></span> +<p>all<i>e</i> fumosite, salt / senow / Raw / a-side be hit +convayd<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Partridges</i>, &c.: take up</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_397" id="nurture_line_397"> +In</a> siripp<i>e</i> / p<i>ar</i>trich<i>e</i> / stokdove / & +chekyns, in s<i>er</i>uyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">by the pinion,</span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> yo<i>ur</i> lifft hand take þem by þe pynoñ of þe +whyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">26</span> +<a name="page26" id="page26"> </a> +<!-- png 148 --> +<span class="headnote">HOW TO CARVE LARGE ROAST BIRDS, SWAN, CAPON, +&C.</span> + +<p>& þat same w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe fore p<i>ar</i>te of þe knyfe be +ye vp reryng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and mince them small in the sirrup.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_400" id="nurture_line_400">400</a></span> +<p>Mynse hem small<i>e</i> in þe sirupp<i>e</i>: of fumosite algate be +ye feeryng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Larger roast birds, as the <i>Osprey</i>, &c.,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_401" id="nurture_line_401"> +Good</a> soñ, of all<i>e</i> fowles rosted y tell<i>e</i> yow as y +Cañ,</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_402" id="nurture_line_402"> +Every</a> goos / teele / Mallard / Ospray / & also swanne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">raise up [? cut off] the legs, then the +wings,</span> +<p>reyse vp þo leggis of all<i>e</i> þese furst, y sey the +thañ,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_404" id="nurture_line_404">404</a></span> +<p>afft<i>ur</i> þat, þe whyng<i>es</i> large & rownd / þañ +dar<i>e</i> blame þe no man;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +lay the body in the middle,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Lay the body in mydd<i>es</i> of þe disch<i>e</i> / or in a-nod<i>ur</i> +charger<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">with the wings and legs round it,</span> +<p>of vche of þese w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> whyng<i>es</i> in mydd<i>es</i>, +þe legg<i>es</i> so aftir ther<i>e</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>ye</i>] <i>MS. may be</i> yo.</span> + +<p>of all<i>e</i> þese in .vj. lees<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_78" id="nurture_tag_78" href="#nurture_note_78">78</a> +/ if þat <span class="texttag">ye</span> will<i>e</i>, ye may vppe +arer<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">in the same dish.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_408" id="nurture_line_408">408</a></span> +<p>& ley þem̅ betwene þe legg<i>es</i>, & þe whyng<i>es</i> in +þe same plater<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Capons:</i></span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_409" id="nurture_line_409"> +Capoñ,</a> & hen of hawt grees<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_79" id="nurture_tag_79" href="#nurture_note_79">79</a>, +þus wold þey be dight:—</p> + +<span class="sidenote">take off the wings and legs;</span> +<p>Furst, vn-lace þe whynges, þe legg<i>es</i> þan in sight,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">pour on ale or wine,</span> +<p>Cast ale or wyne oñ þem̅, as þ<i>er</i>-to belo<i>n</i>geth of +ryght,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">mince them into the flavoured sauce.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_412" id="nurture_line_412">412</a></span> +<p>& mynse þem̅ þañ in to þe sawce w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> powdurs kene +of myght.</p> + +<p class="stanza">Take capou<i>n</i> or heñ so enlased, & +devide;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Give your lord the left wing,</span> +<p>take þe lift whynge; in þe sawce mynce hit eueñ beside,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and if he want it,</span> +<p>and yf your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne ete sau<i>er</i>ly / & haue +þ<i>er</i>to appetide,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the right one too.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_416" id="nurture_line_416">416</a></span> +<p>þañ mynce þat oþur whyng<i>e</i> þ<i>er</i>-to to satisfye hym̅ +þ<i>a</i>t tyde.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">27</span> +<a name="page27" id="page27"> </a> +<!-- png 149 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Pheasants</i>, &c.:</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Feysaunt, p<i>ar</i>trich<i>e</i>, plou<i>er</i>, & lapewynk, +y yow say,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">take off the wings, put them in the dish, then +the legs.</span> +<p>areyse<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_80" id="nurture_tag_80" +href="#nurture_note_80">80</a> þe whyng<i>es</i> furst / do as y yow +pray;</p> +<p>In þe disch<i>e</i> forth<i>e</i>-with<i>e</i>, boþe þat ye ham +lay,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_420" id="nurture_line_420">420</a></span> +<p>þañ aftur þat / þe leggus / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out lengur delay.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Woodcocks</i>,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_421" id="nurture_line_421"> +wodcok</a> / Betowr<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_81" id="nurture_tag_81" href="#nurture_note_81">81</a> / Egret<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_82" id="nurture_tag_82" href="#nurture_note_82">82</a> / Snyte<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_83" id="nurture_tag_83" href="#nurture_note_83">83</a> +/ and Curlew,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Heronshaws, Brew, &c.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_422" id="nurture_line_422"> +heyrou<i>n</i>sew</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_84" id="nurture_tag_84" href="#nurture_note_84">84</a> / resteratiff þey ar / +& so is the brewe;<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_85" id="nurture_tag_85" href="#nurture_note_85">85</a></p> +<p>þese .vij. fowles / must be vnlaced, y tell<i>e</i> yow trew,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">break the pinions, neck, and beak.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_424" id="nurture_line_424">424</a></span> +<p>breke þe pynons / nek, & beek, þus ye must þem shew.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 177.]</span> + +<p class="stanza">Thus ye must þem vnlace / & in thus manere:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Cut off the legs,</span> +<p>areyse þe leggis / suffir<i>e</i> þeir<i>e</i> feete still<i>e</i> to +be oñ ther<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">then the wings,</span> +<p>þañ þe whyng<i>es</i> in þe disch<i>e</i> / ye may not þem +forber<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">28</span> +<a name="page28" id="page28"> </a> +<!-- png 150 --> + +<span class="sidenote">lay the body between them.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_428" id="nurture_line_428">428</a></span> +<p>þe body þañ in þe middes laid / like as y yow leer<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="headnote">HOW TO CARVE THE CRANE, FAWN, VENISON, +&C.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Crane</i>: take off the wings, but not</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +The Crane is a fowle / þat strong<i>e</i> is w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> to +far<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>þe whyng<i>es</i> ye areyse / full<i>e</i> large evyñ +thar<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the trompe in his breast.</span> +<p>of hyr<i>e</i> trompe<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_86" id="nurture_tag_86" href="#nurture_note_86">86</a> in þe brest / loke +þ<i>a</i>t ye bewar<i>e</i>.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_432" id="nurture_line_432">432</a></span> +<p>towche not hir trompe / eu<i>er</i>mor<i>e</i> þat ye +spar<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Peacocks</i>, &c.:</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Pecok / Stork / Bustarde / & Shovellewr<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">carve like you do the Crane,</span> +<p>ye must vnlace þem in þe plite<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_87" id="nurture_tag_87" href="#nurture_note_87">87</a> +/ of þe crane prest & pur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">keeping their feet on.</span> +<p>so þ<i>a</i>t vche of þem̅ haue þeyre feete aft<i>ur</i> my +cur<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_436" id="nurture_line_436">436</a></span> +<p>and eu<i>er</i> of a sharpe knyff wayte þat ye be sur<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Quails</i>, larks, pigeons:</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_437" id="nurture_line_437"> +Of</a> quayle / sparow / larke / & litell<i>e</i> / +m<i>er</i>tinet,</p> +<p>pygeou<i>n</i> / swalow / thrusch<i>e</i> / osull<i>e</i> / ye not +forgete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">give your lord the legs first.</span> +<p>þe legges to ley to yo<i>ur</i> sou<i>er</i>eyne ye ne lett,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_440" id="nurture_line_440">440</a></span> +<p>and afturward þe whyngus if his lust be to ete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Fawn</i>: serve the kidney first,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Off Foweñ / kid / lambe, / þe kydney furst it lay,</p> +<p>Þañ lifft vp the shuldur, do as y yow say,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">then a rib.</span> +<p>Ȝiff he will<i>e</i> þ<i>er</i>of ete / a rybbe to hym̅ convay;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_444" id="nurture_line_444">444</a></span> +<p>but in þe nek þe fyxfax<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_88" id="nurture_tag_88" href="#nurture_note_88">88</a> þat þow do away.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Pick the fyxfax out of the neck.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +venesou<i>n</i> rost / in þe disch<i>e</i> if your<i>e</i> +sou<i>er</i>ayne hit chese,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Pig</i>: 1. shoulder, 2. rib.</span> +<p>þe shuldir of a pigge furst / þañ a rybbe, yf hit will<i>e</i> hym +plese;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">29</span> +<a name="page29" id="page29"> </a> +<!-- png 151 --> +<span class="sidenote"><i>Rabbit</i>: lay him on his back;</span> +<p>þe cony, ley hym oñ þe bak in þe disch, if he haue grece,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">pare off his skin;</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_448" id="nurture_line_448">448</a></span> +<p>while ye par awey þe skyñ oñ vche side / & þañ breke hym̅ or y[e] +sece</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +break his haunch bone, cut him down each side of the back, lay him on +his belly,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_449" id="nurture_line_449"> +betwene</a> þe hyndur legg<i>is</i> breke þe canell<i>e</i> booñ,<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_89" id="nurture_tag_89" href="#nurture_note_89">89</a></p> +<p>þañ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> knyfe areyse þe sides +along<i>e</i> þe chyne Alone;</p> +<p>so lay yo<i>ur</i> cony wombelong<i>e</i> vche side to þe chyne / by +craft as y co<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_452" id="nurture_line_452">452</a></span> +<p>betwene þe bulke, chyne, þe sid<i>es</i> to-gedur<i>e</i> lat þem be +dooñ;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +separate the sides from the chine,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +The .ij. sides dep<i>ar</i>te from þe chyne, þus is my loor<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">put them together again,</span> +<p>þen ley bulke, chyne, & sides, to-gedir<i>e</i> / as þey +wer<i>e</i> yor<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">cutting out the nape of the neck;</span> +<p>Furst kit owte þe nape in þe nek / þe shuldurs befor<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">give your lord the sides.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_456" id="nurture_line_456">456</a></span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe sides serve your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>anyne / +hit state to restor<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Sucking rabbits: cut in two, then</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_457" id="nurture_line_457"> +Rabett<i>es</i></a> sowkers,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_90" id="nurture_tag_90" href="#nurture_note_90">90</a> þe furþ<i>er</i> +p<i>ar</i>te from þe hyndur, ye devide;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the hind part in two; pare the skin off,</span> +<p>þañ þe hyndur part at tweyñ ye kut þat tyde,</p> +<p>par<i>e</i> þe skyñ away / & let it not þer<i>e</i> abide,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">serve the daintiest bit from the side.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_460" id="nurture_line_460">460</a></span> +<p>þañ s<i>er</i>ue your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne of þe same / þe +deynteist of þe side.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 177 b.]</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Such is the way of carving gross meats.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">T</span>he man<i>er</i> & forme of +kervyng<i>e</i> of met<i>es</i> þat byñ groos,</p> +<p>afftur my symplenes y haue shewed, as y suppose:</p> +<p>yet, good soñ, amonge oþ<i>er</i> estat<i>es</i> eu<i>er</i> as þow +goose,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">30</span> +<a name="page30" id="page30"> </a> +<!-- png 152 --> +<span class="headnote">HOW TO CARVE LARGE AND SMALL BIRDS.</span> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_464" id="nurture_line_464">464</a></span> +<p>as ye se / and by vse of your<i>e</i> self / ye may gete yow +loos.</p> + +<p class="stanza">But furþ<i>er</i>mor<i>e</i> enforme yow y must in +metis kervyng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Cut each piece into four slices (?) for your +master to dip in his sauce.</span> +<p>Mynse ye must iiij lees<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_91" id="nurture_tag_91" href="#nurture_note_91">91</a> / to ooñ +morsell<i>e</i> hangyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>þat your<i>e</i> mastir may take w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> .ij. fyngurs in +his sawce dippyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_468" id="nurture_line_468">468</a></span> +<p>and so no napkyñ / brest, ne borcloth<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_92" id="nurture_tag_92" href="#nurture_note_92">92</a>, +in any wise enbrowyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Of large birds’ wings,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Of gret fowle / in to þe sawce mynse þe whyng<i>e</i> this wise;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">put only three bits at once in the +sauce.</span> +<p>pas not .iij. morcell<i>es</i> in þe sawc<i>e</i> at onis, as y yow +avise;</p> +<p>To your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne þe gret fowles legge ley, as is þe +gise,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_472" id="nurture_line_472">472</a></span> +<p>and þus mowe ye neu<i>er</i> mysse of all<i>e</i> +co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i> s<i>er</i>uise.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Of small birds’ wings,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Of all<i>e</i> man<i>er</i> smale brydd<i>is</i>, þe whyng<i>is</i> oñ +þe trencher leying<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">scrape the flesh to the end of the bone,</span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe poynt of your<i>e</i> knyfe / þe flesch<i>e</i> +to þe booñ end ye bryng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and put it on your lord’s trencher.</span> +<p>and so co<i>n</i>veye hit oñ þe trencher<i>e</i>, þ<i>a</i>t wise +yo<i>ur</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne plesyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_476" id="nurture_line_476">476</a></span> +<p>and w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> fair<i>e</i> salt & trenchour<i>e</i> / +hym̅ also oft renewyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>How to carve Baked Meats.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_bake" id="nurture_bake"> +Bake metes.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_93" id="nurture_tag_93" href="#nurture_note_93">93</a></h4> + +<p class="stanza">Almaner<i>e</i> bakemet<i>es</i> þat byñ good and +hoot,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Open hot ones at the top of the crust,</span> +<p>Opeñ hem aboue þe brym of þe coffyñ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_94" id="nurture_tag_94" href="#nurture_note_94">94</a> +cote,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">31</span> +<a name="page31" id="page31"> </a> +<!-- png 153 --> +<span class="sidenote">cold ones</span> +<p>and all<i>e</i> þat byñ cold / & lusteth your<i>e</i> +sou<i>er</i>eyñ to note,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">in the middle.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_480" id="nurture_line_480">480</a></span> +<p>alwey in þe mydway opeñ hem ye mote.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Take Teal, &c., out of their pie,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Of capoñ, chikeñ, or teele, in coffyñ bake,</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_482" id="nurture_line_482"> +Owt</a> of þe pye furst þat ye hem take,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and mince their wings,</span> +<p>In a dische besyde / þat ye þe whyngus slake,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_484" id="nurture_line_484">484</a></span> +<p>thynk<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_95" id="nurture_tag_95" +href="#nurture_note_95">95</a> y-mynsed in to þe same +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> yo<i>ur</i> knyfe ye slake,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +stir the gravy in;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +And ster<i>e</i> well<i>e</i> þe stuff þ<i>er</i>-in w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +þe poynt of yo<i>ur</i> knyfe;</p> +<p>Mynse ye thynne þe whyng<i>is</i>, be it in to veele or byffe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">your lord may eat it with a spoon.</span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a spone lightely to ete yo<i>ur</i> +sou<i>er</i>ayne may be leeff,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_488" id="nurture_line_488">488</a></span> +<p>So w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> suche diet as is holsom he may length<i>e</i> +his life.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 178.]</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Cut Venison, &c., in the pasty.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">V</span>enesou<i>n</i> bake, of boor or othur +venur<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Kut it in þe pastey, & ley hit oñ his trenchur<i>e</i>.</p> +<p>Pygeoñ bake, þe legg<i>is</i> leid to your<i>e</i> lord +sur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Custard: cut in squares with a knife.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_492" id="nurture_line_492">492</a></span> +<p>Custard,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_96" id="nurture_tag_96" href="#nurture_note_96">96</a> chekkid buche,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_97" id="nurture_tag_97" href="#nurture_note_97">97</a> squar<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe knyfe; +þ<i>us</i> is þe cur<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="pagenum">32</span> +<a name="page32" id="page32"> </a> +<!-- png 154 --> +<span class="headnote">HOW TO CARVE DOWCETES AND PAYNE PUFF.</span> + +<p class="stanza">Þañ þe sou<i>er</i>ayne, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his +spone whañ he lusteth<i>e</i> to ete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Dowcets: pare away the sides;</span> +<p>of dowcet<i>es</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_98" id="nurture_tag_98" href="#nurture_note_98">98</a> par<i>e</i> awey the +sid<i>es</i> to þe botom̅, & þ<i>a</i>t ye lete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">serve in a sawcer.</span> +<p>In a sawcer<i>e</i> afor<i>e</i> your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne semely +ye hit sett</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_496" id="nurture_line_496">496</a></span> +<p>whañ hym̅ liketh<i>e</i> to atast: looke ye not forgete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Payne-puff: pare the bottom, cut off the top.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Payne Puff,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_99" id="nurture_tag_99" href="#nurture_note_99">99</a> par<i>e</i> þe botom +nyȝe þe stuff, take hede,</p> +<p>Kut of þe toppe of a payne puff, do thus as y rede;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>p</i>er<i>ueys</i>] ? p<i>ar</i>neys</span> + +<p>Also pety <span class="texttag">p<i>er</i>ueys</span><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_100" id="nurture_tag_100" href="#nurture_note_100">100</a> be fayr<i>e</i> and clene / so god be +your<i>e</i> spede.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Fried things are indigestible.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_500" id="nurture_line_500">500</a></span> +<p>off Fryed met<i>es</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_101" id="nurture_tag_101" href="#nurture_note_101">101</a> be war<i>e</i>, for +þey ar Fumose in dede.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">33</span> +<a name="page33" id="page33"> </a> +<!-- png 155 --> + +<h4><a name="nurture_fried" id="nurture_fried"> +Fried metes.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote stanza">Poached-egg (?) fritters are +best.</span> +<p class="stanza"><a name="nurture_line_501" id="nurture_line_501"> +<span class="midcap">O</span> Frutur<i>e</i></a> viant<a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_102" id="nurture_tag_102" href="#nurture_note_102">102</a> / Frutur sawge,<a class="tag" href="#nurture_note_102">102</a> byñ good / bett<i>ur</i> is Frut<i>ur</i> +powche;<a class="tag" href="#nurture_note_102">102</a></p> +<p>Appull<i>e</i> frutur<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_103" id="nurture_tag_103" href="#nurture_note_103">103</a> / is good hoot / but þe cold ye not +towche.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Tansey is good hot.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_503" id="nurture_line_503"> +Tansey</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_104" id="nurture_tag_104" href="#nurture_note_104">104</a> is good hoot / els +cast it not in your<i>e</i> clowche.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Don’t eat Leessez.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_504" id="nurture_line_504">504</a></span> +<p>all<i>e</i> man<i>er</i> of leesseȝ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_105" id="nurture_tag_105" href="#nurture_note_105">105</a> / ye may forber<i>e</i> / herber<i>e</i> in +yow none sowche.</p> + +<table class="fullsize" summary="text with vertical sidebar"> +<tr> +<td class="rightline middle" rowspan="3"> +<i>L<br> +e<br> +n<br> +-<br> +v<br> +o<br> +y</i> +</td> +<td> + +<p>Cook<i>es</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þeir<i>e</i> newe +co<i>n</i>ceyt<i>es</i>, choppyng<i>e</i> / stampyng<i>e</i>, & +gryndyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<p>Many new curies / all<i>e</i> day þey ar co<i>n</i>tryvyng<i>e</i> +& Fyndyng<i>e</i></p> + +<p>þ<i>a</i>t p<i>ro</i>voketh<i>e</i> þe peple to +p<i>er</i>ell<i>es</i> of passage / þrouȝ peyne soor<i>e</i> +pyndyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_508" id="nurture_line_508">508</a></span> +<p>& þrouȝ nice excesse of suche receyt<i>es</i> / of þe life to +make a endyng<i>e</i>.</p> +</td> +<td class="sidenote"> +Cooks are always<br> +inventing new dishes<br> +that tempt people<br> +and endanger their lives: +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>Some w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> Sireppis<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_106" id="nurture_tag_106" href="#nurture_note_106">106</a> / Sawces / Sewes,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_107" id="nurture_tag_107" href="#nurture_note_107">107</a> and soppes,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_108" id="nurture_tag_108" href="#nurture_note_108">108</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">34</span> +<a name="page34" id="page34"> </a> +<!-- png 156 --> + +<p>Comedies / Cawdell<i>es</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_109" id="nurture_tag_109" href="#nurture_note_109">109</a> cast in +Cawdrons / ponnes, or pottes,</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_511" id="nurture_line_511"> +leesses</a> / Ielies<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_110" id="nurture_tag_110" href="#nurture_note_110">110</a> / Fruturs / fried +mete þat stoppes</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_512" id="nurture_line_512">512</a></span> +<p>and distempereth<i>e</i> all<i>e</i> þe body, bothe bak, bely, & +roppes:<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_111" id="nurture_tag_111" +href="#nurture_note_111">111</a></p> +</td> +<td class="sidenote"> +Syrups<br> +Comedies,<br> +Jellies, that stop<br> +the bowels. +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>Some man<i>er</i> cury of Cooke<i>s</i> crafft Sotelly y haue +espied,</p> +<p>how þeir<i>e</i> dischmet<i>es</i> ar dressid w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hony +not claryfied.</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_515" id="nurture_line_515"> +Cow</a> heelis / and Calves fete / ar der<i>e</i> y-bouȝt some tide</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_516" id="nurture_line_516">516</a></span> +<p>To medill<i>e</i> among<i>e</i> leeches<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_112" id="nurture_tag_112" href="#nurture_note_112">112</a> & Ielies / whañ sug<i>er</i> +shall<i>e</i> syt a-side.</p> +</td> +<td class="sidenote"> +Some dishes are<br> +prepared with unclarified honey.<br> +Cow-heels and Calves’ feet are sometimes mixed<br> +with unsugared leches and Jellies. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="headnote">POTAGES.</span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_potage" id="nurture_potage"> +Potages.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_113" id="nurture_tag_113" href="#nurture_note_113">113</a></h4> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 178 b.]</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_line_517" id="nurture_line_517"> +<span class="midcap">W</span>ortus</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> an henne / +Cony / beef, or els añ haar<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Furmity with venison,</span> +<p>Frumenty<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_114" id="nurture_tag_114" href="#nurture_note_114">114</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +venesou<i>n</i> / pesyñ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bakoñ, long<i>e</i> +wort<i>es</i> not spar<i>e</i>;</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_519" id="nurture_line_519"> +Gr<i>ow</i>ell<i>e</i></a> of force<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_115" id="nurture_tag_115" href="#nurture_note_115">115</a> / Gravell<i>e</i> of beeff<a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_116" id="nurture_tag_116" href="#nurture_note_116">116</a> / or motou<i>n</i>, haue ye no +car<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">35</span> +<a name="page35" id="page35"> </a> +<!-- png 157 --> +<span class="sidenote">mortrewes,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_520" id="nurture_line_520">520</a></span> +<p>Gely, mortrows<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_117" id="nurture_tag_117" href="#nurture_note_117">117</a> / creyme of +almond<i>es</i>, þe mylke<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_118" id="nurture_tag_118" href="#nurture_note_118">118</a> <i>þer</i>-of is +good fare.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza">jussell, &c., are good.</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>vennur</i>e]The long <i>r</i> and curl for <i>e</i> in the MS. look +like f, as if for vennuf.</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_line_521" id="nurture_line_521"> +Iussell<i>e</i></a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_119" id="nurture_tag_119" href="#nurture_note_119">119</a>, tartlett<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_120" id="nurture_tag_120" href="#nurture_note_120">120</a>, cabag<i>es</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_121" id="nurture_tag_121" href="#nurture_note_121">121</a>, & nombles<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_122" id="nurture_tag_122" href="#nurture_note_122">122</a> of <span class="texttag">vennur<i>e</i></span>,</p> +<p>all<i>e</i> þese potages ar good and sur<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote">Other out-of-the-way soups set aside.</span> +<p>of oþ<i>er</i> sewes & potages þ<i>a</i>t ar not made by +natur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_524" id="nurture_line_524">524</a></span> +<p>all<i>e</i> Suche siropis sett a side your<i>e</i> heer<i>e</i> to +endur<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Such is a</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">N</span>ow, soñ, y haue yow shewid somewhat of +myne avise,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">flesh feast in the English way.</span> +<p>þe service of a flesch<i>e</i> feest folowyng<i>e</i> englondis +gise;</p> +<p>Forgete ye not my loor<i>e</i> / but looke ye ber<i>e</i> good +yȝes</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_528" id="nurture_line_528">528</a></span> +<p>vppoñ oþur co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i> kervers: now haue y told yow +twise.</p> + +<span class="headnote">THE SAUCES FOR DIFFERENT DISHES.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4">Sauces.</span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_sauce" id="nurture_sauce"> +Diuerce Sawces.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_123" id="nurture_tag_123" href="#nurture_note_123">123</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Sauces provoke</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">A</span>lso to know your<i>e</i> sawces for +flesch<i>e</i> conveniently,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">a fine appetite.</span> +<p>hit p<i>ro</i>vokith<i>e</i> a fyne apetide if sawce your<i>e</i> +mete be bie;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Have ready</span> +<p>to the lust of your<i>e</i> lord looke þ<i>a</i>t ye haue þer +redy</p> + +<span class="pagenum">36</span> +<a name="page36" id="page36"> </a> +<!-- png 158 --> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_532" id="nurture_line_532">532</a></span> +<p>suche sawce as hym liketh<i>e</i> / to make hym glad & mery.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Mustard for brawn, &c.,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_533" id="nurture_line_533"> +Mustard</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_124" id="nurture_tag_124" href="#nurture_note_124">124</a> is meete for brawne +/ beef, or powdred<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_125" id="nurture_tag_125" href="#nurture_note_125">125</a> motou<i>n</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Verjuice for veal, &c.,</span> +<p>verdius<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_126" id="nurture_tag_126" href="#nurture_note_126">126</a> to boyled +capou<i>n</i> / veel / chikeñ /or bakoñ;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Chawdon for cygnet and swan,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_535" id="nurture_line_535"> +And</a> to signet / & swañ, co<i>n</i>venyent is þe chawdoñ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_127" id="nurture_tag_127" href="#nurture_note_127">127</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Garlic, &c., for beef and goose,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_536" id="nurture_line_536">536</a></span> +<p>Roost beeff / & goos / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> garlek, vinegr<i>e</i>, +or pepur<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_127a" id="nurture_tag_127a" href="#nurture_note_127a">127a</a>, in +co<i>n</i>clusiou<i>n</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Ginger for fawn, &c.,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Gyng<i>er</i> sawce<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_128" id="nurture_tag_128" href="#nurture_note_128">128</a> to lambe, to kyd / +pigge, or fawñ / in fere;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Mustard and sugar for pheasant, &c.,</span> +<p>to feysand, p<i>ar</i>trich<i>e</i>, or cony / Mustard +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe sugur<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Gamelyn for heronsew, &c.,</span> +<p>Sawce gamelyñ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_129" id="nurture_tag_129" href="#nurture_note_129">129</a> to heyroñ-sewe / +egret / crane / & plover<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> Sugar and Salt for brew, &c.,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_540" id="nurture_line_540">540</a></span> +<p>also / brewe<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_130" id="nurture_tag_130" href="#nurture_note_130">130</a> / Curlew / sugre +& salt / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> water<i>e</i> of þe ryver<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">37</span> +<a name="page37" id="page37"> </a> +<!-- png 159 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Gamelyn for bustard, &c.,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_541" id="nurture_line_541"> +Also</a> for bustard / betowr<i>e</i> / & shoveler<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_131" id="nurture_tag_131" href="#nurture_note_131">131</a> gamelyñ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_132" id="nurture_tag_132" href="#nurture_note_132">132</a> is in sesou<i>n</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Salt and Cinnamon for woodcock, thrushes, +&c.,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_542" id="nurture_line_542"> +Wodcok</a> / lapewynk / M<i>er</i>tenet / larke, & +venysou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_543" id="nurture_line_543"> +Sparows</a> / thrusches / all<i>e</i> þese .vij. w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> salt +& synamome:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and quails, &c.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_544" id="nurture_line_544">544</a></span> +<p>Quayles, sparowes, & snytes, whañ þeir<i>e</i> sesou<i>n</i> +com,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_133" id="nurture_tag_133" +href="#nurture_note_133">133</a></p> +<p>Thus to p<i>ro</i>voke a<i>n</i> appetide þe Sawce hath<i>e</i> is +op<i>er</i>aciou<i>n</i>.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>How to carve Fish.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_fish" id="nurture_fish"> +Kervyng of fische.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_134" id="nurture_tag_134" href="#nurture_note_134">134</a></h4> + +<p class="stanza"><a name="nurture_line_546" id="nurture_line_546"> +<span class="largecap">N</span>ow,</a> good soñ, of kervyng<i>e</i> of +fysch<i>e</i> y wot y must þe leer<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">With pea soup or furmity serve a Beaver’s +tail,</span> +<p>To pesoñ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_135" id="nurture_tag_135" href="#nurture_note_135">135</a> or frumeñty take þe +tayle of þe bever<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_136" id="nurture_tag_136" href="#nurture_note_136">136</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">38</span> +<a name="page38" id="page38"> </a> +<!-- png 160 --> + +<span class="sidenote">salt Porpoise, &c.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_548" id="nurture_line_548">548</a></span> +<p>or ȝiff ye haue salt purpose<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_137" id="nurture_tag_137" href="#nurture_note_137">137</a> / ȝele<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_138" id="nurture_tag_138" href="#nurture_note_138">138</a> / torrentill<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_139" id="nurture_tag_139" href="#nurture_note_139">139</a>, deynteith<i>us</i> fulle der<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>ye must do aftur<i>e</i> þe forme of frumenty, as y said while +er<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="headnote">HOW TO CARVE HERRINGS AND SALT FISH.</span> + +<p class="stanza">Bakeñ heryng<i>e</i>, dressid & diȝt +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> white sugur<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Split up Herrings,</span> +<p>þe white heryng<i>e</i> by þe bak a brode ye splat hym̅ +sur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">take out the roe and bones,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_552" id="nurture_line_552">552</a></span> +<p>bothe rough<i>e</i> & boon<i>us</i> / voyded / þeñ may +your<i>e</i> lorde endur<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote">eat with mustard.</span> +<p>to ete merily w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mustard þ<i>a</i>t tyme to his +plesur<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Take the skin off salt fish,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Of all<i>e</i> man<i>er</i> salt fisch<i>e</i>, looke ye par<i>e</i> +awey the felle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Salmon, Ling, &c.,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_555" id="nurture_line_555"> +Salt</a> samou<i>n</i> / Congur<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_140" id="nurture_tag_140" href="#nurture_note_140">140</a>, grone<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_141" id="nurture_tag_141" href="#nurture_note_141">141</a> fisch<i>e</i> / boþe lyng<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_142" id="nurture_tag_142" href="#nurture_note_142">142</a> & myllewelle<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_143" id="nurture_tag_143" href="#nurture_note_143">143</a>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_556" id="nurture_line_556">556</a></span> +<p>& oñ your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>aynes trenche<i>ur</i> ley hit, as +y yow telle.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and let the sauce be mustard,</span> +<p>þe sawce þ<i>er</i>-to, good mustard, alway accordeth<i>e</i> +well<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">39</span> +<a name="page39" id="page39"> </a> +<!-- png 161 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +but for Mackarel, &c.,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_558" id="nurture_line_558"> +Saltfysch<i>e</i>,</a> stokfisch<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_144" id="nurture_tag_144" href="#nurture_note_144">144</a> / m<i>er</i>lyng<i>e</i><a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_145" id="nurture_tag_145" href="#nurture_note_145">145</a> / makerell<i>e</i>, butt<i>ur</i> ye may</p> + +<span class="sidenote">butter of Claynes or Hackney (?)</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_559" id="nurture_line_559"> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i></a> swete butt<i>ur</i> of Claynos<a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_146" id="nurture_tag_146" href="#nurture_note_146">146</a> or els of hakenay,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_560" id="nurture_line_560">560</a></span> +<p>þe boon<i>us</i>, skynnes / & fynnes, furst y-fette a-way,</p> +<p>þeñ sett your<i>e</i> dische þer<i>e</i> as your<i>e</i> +sou<i>er</i>ey<i>n</i> may tast & assay.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Of Pike, the belly is best,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Pike<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_147" id="nurture_tag_147" +href="#nurture_note_147">147</a>, to your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>eyñ y +wold þat it be layd,</p> +<p>þe wombe is best, as y haue herd it said<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_564" id="nurture_line_564">564</a></span> +<p>Fysch<i>e</i> & skyñ to-gedir be hit convaied</p> + +<span class="sidenote">with plenty of sauce.</span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> pike sawce y-noughe þ<i>er</i>-to / & +h<i>i</i>t shall<i>e</i> not be denayd.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Salt Lampreys, cut in seven gobbets,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +The salt lamprey, gobeñ hit a slout<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_148" id="nurture_tag_148" href="#nurture_note_148">148</a> .vij. pec<i>is</i> y assigne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">pick out the backbones,</span> +<p>þañ pike owt þe boon<i>us</i> nyȝe þe bak spyne,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">40</span> +<a name="page40" id="page40"> </a> +<!-- png 162 --> +<span class="headnote">HOW TO CARVE PLAICE AND OTHER FISH.</span> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_568" id="nurture_line_568">568</a></span> +<p>and ley hit oñ <i>your</i> lord<i>es</i> trencher<i>e</i> +wheþ<i>er</i> he sowpe or dyne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">serve with onions and galentine.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_569" id="nurture_line_569"> +& </a>þat ye haue ssoddyñ ynons<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_149" id="nurture_tag_149" href="#nurture_note_149">149</a> to meddill<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +galantyne.<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_150" id="nurture_tag_150" href="#nurture_note_150">150</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Plaice: cut off the fins,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Off playce,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_151" id="nurture_tag_151" href="#nurture_note_151">151</a> looke ye put a-way +þe wat<i>ur</i> clene,</p> +<p>afft<i>ur</i> þat þe fynnes also, þat þey be not sene;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">cross it with a knife,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_572" id="nurture_line_572">572</a></span> +<p>Crosse hym þeñ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> yo<i>ur</i> knyffe þat is so +kene;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">sauce with wine, &c.</span> +<p>wyne or ale / powd<i>er</i> þ<i>er</i>-to, your<i>e</i> +sou<i>er</i>ayñ well<i>e</i> to queme.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Gurnard, Chub,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Gurnard / roche<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_152" id="nurture_tag_152" href="#nurture_note_152">152</a> / breme / chevyñ / +base / melet / in her kervyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Roach, Dace, Cod, &c., split up and spread +on the dish.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_575" id="nurture_line_575"> +Perche</a> / rooche<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_153" id="nurture_tag_153" href="#nurture_note_153">153</a> / darce<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_154" id="nurture_tag_154" href="#nurture_note_154">154</a> / Makerell<i>e</i>, & +whityng<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_576" id="nurture_line_576">576</a></span> +<p>Codde / haddok / by þe bak / splat þem̅ in þe disch<i>e</i> +liyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_577" id="nurture_line_577"> +pike</a> owt þe boon<i>us</i>, clense þe refett<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_155" id="nurture_tag_155" href="#nurture_note_155">155</a> in þe bely bydyng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 179 b.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Soles, Carp, &c.,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Soolus<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_156" id="nurture_tag_156" +href="#nurture_note_156">156</a> / Carpe / Breme de mer<i>e</i>,<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_157" id="nurture_tag_157" href="#nurture_note_157">157</a> & trowt,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">41</span> +<a name="page41" id="page41"> </a> +<!-- png 163 --> +<span class="sidenote">take off as served.</span> +<p>þey must be takyñ of as þey in þe disch<i>e</i> lowt,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_580" id="nurture_line_580">580</a></span> +<p>bely & bak / by gobyñ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_158" id="nurture_tag_158" href="#nurture_note_158">158</a> þe booñ to pike +owt,</p> +<p>so serve ye lord<i>es</i> trencher<i>e</i>, looke ye well<i>e</i> +abowt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Whale, porpoise,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Whale / Swerdfysch<i>e</i> / purpose / dorray<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_159" id="nurture_tag_159" href="#nurture_note_159">159</a> / rosted wele,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">congur, turbot,</span> +<p>Bret<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_160" id="nurture_tag_160" +href="#nurture_note_160">160</a> / samoñ / Congur<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_161" id="nurture_tag_161" href="#nurture_note_161">161</a> / sturgeou<i>n</i> / turbut, & ȝele,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Halybut, &c.,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_584" id="nurture_line_584">584</a></span> +<p>þornebak / thurle polle / hound fysch<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_162" id="nurture_tag_162" href="#nurture_note_162">162</a> / halybut, to hy<i>m</i> þ<i>a</i>t +hath<i>e</i> heele,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">cut in the dish,</span> +<p>all<i>e</i> þese / cut in þe disch<i>e</i> as your<i>e</i> lord +eteth<i>e</i> at meele.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and also Tench in jelly.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Tenche<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_163" id="nurture_tag_163" +href="#nurture_note_163">163</a> in Iely or in Sawce<a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_164" id="nurture_tag_164" href="#nurture_note_164">164</a> / loke þe<i>re</i> ye kut hit so,</p> +<p>and oñ your<i>e</i> lord<i>es</i> trencher<i>e</i> se þ<i>a</i>t it +be do.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">On roast Lamprons</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_588" id="nurture_line_588">588</a></span> +<p>Elis & lampurnes<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_165" id="nurture_tag_165" href="#nurture_note_165">165</a> rosted / +wher<i>e</i> þ<i>a</i>t eue<i>r</i> ye go,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">42</span> +<a name="page42" id="page42"> </a> +<!-- png 164 --> +<span class="headnote">HOW TO CARVE CRABS AND CRAYFISH.</span> + +<span class="sidenote">cast vinegar, &c., and bone them.</span> +<p>Cast vinegr<i>e</i> & powd<i>er</i> þ<i>er</i>oñ / furst fette þe +bon<i>us</i> þem̅ fro.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Crabs are hard to carve: break every claw,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Crabbe is a slutt / to kerve / & a wrawd<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_166" id="nurture_tag_166" href="#nurture_note_166">166</a> wight;</p> +<p>breke eu<i>er</i>y Clawe / a sond<i>ur</i> / for þ<i>a</i>t is his +ryght:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">put all the meat in the body-shell,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_592" id="nurture_line_592">592</a></span> +<p>In þe brode shell<i>e</i> putt your<i>e</i> stuff / but furst haue a +sight</p> +<p>þat it be clene from skyñ / & senow / or ye begyñ to dight.</p> + +<p class="stanza">And what<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_167" id="nurture_tag_167" href="#nurture_note_167">167</a> ye haue piked / +þe stuff owt of eu<i>er</i>y shell<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote">and then season it with</span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe poynt of your<i>e</i> knyff, loke ye +temp<i>er</i> hit well<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>vinegar or verjuice</i> and powder. +(?)</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_596" id="nurture_line_596">596</a></span> +<p>put vinegr<i>e</i> / þ<i>er</i>to, verdjus, or aysell<i>e</i>,<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_168" id="nurture_tag_168" href="#nurture_note_168">168</a></p> +<p>Cast þ<i>er</i>-oñ powdur, the bettur it will<i>e</i> +smell<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Heat it, and give it to your lord.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Send þe Crabbe to þe kychyñ / þer<i>e</i> for to hete,</p> +<p>agayñ hit facch<i>e</i> to þy sou<i>er</i>ayne sittyng<i>e</i> at +mete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Put the claws, broken, in a dish.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_600" id="nurture_line_600">600</a></span> +<p>breke þe clawes of þe crabbe / þe small<i>e</i> & þe grete,</p> +<p>In a disch þem̅ ye lay / if hit like yo<i>ur</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne to +ete.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The sea Crayfish: cut it asunder,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Crevise<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_169" id="nurture_tag_169" +href="#nurture_note_169">169</a> / þus wise ye must them dight:</p> +<p>Dep<i>ar</i>te the crevise a-sondir<i>e</i> euyñ to your<i>e</i> +sight,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">slit the belly of the back part,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_604" id="nurture_line_604">604</a></span> +<p>Slytt þe bely of the hyndur part / & so do ye right,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">take out the fish,</span> +<p>and all<i>e</i> hoole take owt þe fisch<i>e</i>, like as y yow +behight.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">43</span> +<a name="page43" id="page43"> </a> +<!-- png 165 --> + +<p class="stanza">Par<i>e</i> awey þe red skyñ for dyu<i>er</i>s cawse +& dowt,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">clean out the <i>gowt</i></span> +<p>and make clene þe place also / þat ye call<i>e</i> his gowt,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_170" id="nurture_tag_170" href="#nurture_note_170">170</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">in the middle of the sea Crayfish’s back; pick +it out,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_608" id="nurture_line_608">608</a></span> +<p>hit lies in þe mydd<i>es</i> of þe bak / looke ye pike it owt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">tear it off the fish,</span> +<p>areise hit by þe þyknes of a grote / þe fisch<i>e</i> rownd +abowt.</p> + +<p class="stanza">put it in a disch<i>e</i> lees<i>e</i> by lees<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_171" id="nurture_tag_171" href="#nurture_note_171">171</a> / & þat ye not forgete</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and put vinegar to it;</span> +<p>to put vinegr<i>e</i> to þe same / so it towche not þe mete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">break the claws</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_612" id="nurture_line_612">612</a></span> +<p>breke þe gret clawes your<i>e</i> self / ye nede no cooke to +trete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and set them on the table.</span> +<p>Set þem̅ oñ þe table / ye may / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owt any +man<i>er</i> heete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Treat the back like the crab,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +The bak of þe Crevise, þus he must be sted:</p> +<p>array hym̅ as ye doth<i>e</i> / þe crabbe, if þat any be had,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">stopping both ends with bread.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_616" id="nurture_line_616">616</a></span> +<p>and boþe end<i>es</i> of þe shell<i>e</i> / Stoppe them fast +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bred,</p> +<p>& s<i>er</i>ue / your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>eyñ þ<i>er</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> / as he liketh<i>e</i> to be fedd.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 180.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The fresh-water Crayfish: serve with vinegar and powder.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Of Crevis dewe douȝ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_172" id="nurture_tag_172" href="#nurture_note_172">172</a> Cut his bely +a-way,</p> +<p>þe fisch<i>e</i> in A disch<i>e</i> clenly þat ye lay</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_620" id="nurture_line_620">620</a></span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> vineg<i>er</i> & powdur þ<i>er</i> vppoñ, þus +is vsed ay,</p> +<p>þañ your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne / whañ hym semeth<i>e</i>, sadly he +may assay.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">44</span> +<a name="page44" id="page44"> </a> +<!-- png 166 --> +<span class="headnote">HOW TO CARVE WHELKS AND LAMPREYS.</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Salt Sturgeon: slit its joll, or head, thin.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_622" id="nurture_line_622"> +The</a> Iolle<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_173" id="nurture_tag_173" href="#nurture_note_173">173</a> of þe salt +sturgeou<i>n</i> / thyñ / take hede ye slytt,</p> +<p>& rownd about þe disch<i>e</i> dresse ye musteñ hit.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Whelk: cut off its head and tail,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_624" id="nurture_line_624">624</a></span> +<p>Þe whelke<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_174" id="nurture_tag_174" href="#nurture_note_174">174</a> / looke þat þe hed +/ and tayle awey be kytt,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">throw away its operculum, mantle, +&c.,</span> +<p>his pyntill<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_175" id="nurture_tag_175" href="#nurture_note_175">175</a> & gutt / almond +& mantill<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_176" id="nurture_tag_176" href="#nurture_note_176">176</a> awey þ<i>er</i> fro +ye pitt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +cut it in two, and put it on the sturgeon,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Theñ kut ye þe whelk asond<i>ur</i>, eveñ pec<i>is</i> two,</p> +<p>and ley þe pecis þ<i>er</i>of / vppoñ your<i>e</i> +sturgeou<i>n</i> so,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_628" id="nurture_line_628">628</a></span> +<p>rownd all abowt þe disch / while þ<i>a</i>t hit will<i>e</i> go;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">adding vinegar.</span> +<p>put vinegr<i>e</i> þ<i>er</i>-vppoñ / þe bett<i>ur</i> þañ +will<i>e</i> hit do.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Carve Baked Lampreys thus: take off the piecrust, put thin slices of +bread on a Dish,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_630" id="nurture_line_630"> +Fresch<i>e</i></a> lamprey bake<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_177" id="nurture_tag_177" href="#nurture_note_177">177</a> / þus it must +be dight:</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_631" id="nurture_line_631"> +Opeñ</a> þe pastey lid, þ<i>er</i>-in to haue a sight,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_632" id="nurture_line_632">632</a></span> +<p>Take þeñ white bred þyñ y-kut & liȝt,</p> +<p>lay hit in a charger<i>e</i> / disch<i>e</i>, or plater, ryght;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +pour galentyne over the bread,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_634" id="nurture_line_634"> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i></a> a spone þeñ take owt þe gentill<i>e</i> +galantyne,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_178" id="nurture_tag_178" href="#nurture_note_178">178</a></p> +<p>In þe disch<i>e</i>, oñ þe bred / ley hit, le<i>m</i>mañ myne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">add cinnamon and red wine.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_636" id="nurture_line_636">636</a></span> +<p>þeñ take powd<i>ur</i> of Synamome, & te<i>m</i>p<i>er</i> hit +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> red wyne:</p> + +<span class="pagenum">45</span> +<a name="page45" id="page45"> </a> +<!-- png 167 --> +<p>þe same wold plese a por<i>e</i> mañ / y suppose, well<i>e</i> & +fyne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Mince the lampreys,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Mynse ye þe gobyns as thyñ as a grote,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">lay them on the sauce, &c., on a hot +plate,</span> +<p>þañ lay þem̅ vppoñ your<i>e</i> galantyne stondyng<i>e</i> oñ a +chaffir<i>e</i> hoote:</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_640" id="nurture_line_640">640</a></span> +<p>þus must ye diȝt a lamprey owt of his coffyñ cote,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">serve up to your lord.</span> +<p>and so may your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne ete merily be noote.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +White herrings fresh;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +White heryng<i>e</i> in a disch<i>e</i>, if hit be seaward & +fressh<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>yo<i>ur</i> sou<i>er</i>eyñ to ete in seesou<i>n</i> of yer<i>e</i> / +þ<i>er</i>-aft<i>ur</i> he will<i>e</i> Asch<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the roe must be white and tender</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_644" id="nurture_line_644">644</a></span> +<p>looke he be white by þe booñ / þe rough<i>e</i> white & +nesch<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">serve with salt and wine.</span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> salt & wyne s<i>er</i>ue ye hym̅ þe same / +boldly, & not to bassh<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Shrimps picked, lay them round a sawcer, and serve with vinegar.”</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Shrympes well<i>e</i> pyked / þe scales awey ye cast,</p> +<p>Round abowt a sawcer / ley ye þem in hast;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_648" id="nurture_line_648">648</a></span> +<p>þe vinegr<i>e</i> in þe same sawcer, þ<i>a</i>t your<i>e</i> lord may +attast,</p> +<p>þañ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe said fisch<i>e</i> / he may fede hym̅ / +& of þem make no wast.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +“Thanks, father,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“<span class="largecap">N</span>ow, fadir, feir<i>e</i> falle ye / +& crist yow haue in cure,</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 180 b.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote">I know about Carving now,</span> +<p>For of þe nurtur<i>e</i> of kervyng<i>e</i> y suppose þat y be +sur<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_652" id="nurture_line_652">652</a></span> +<p>but yet a-nod<i>ur</i> office þ<i>er</i> is / saue y dar not +endure</p> + +<span class="sidenote">but I hardly dare ask you about a Sewer’s +duties,</span> +<p>to frayne yow any further / for feer<i>e</i> of +displesur<i>e</i>:</p> + +<p class="stanza">For to be a sewer<i>e</i> y wold y hed þe +co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>þañ durst y do my devoir<i>e</i> / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> any +worshipfull<i>e</i> to be wo<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i>;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_656" id="nurture_line_656">656</a></span> +<p>señ þat y know þe course / & þe craft of kervyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">how he is to serve.”</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_657" id="nurture_line_657"> +y</a> wold se þe siȝt of a Sewer<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_179" id="nurture_tag_179" href="#nurture_note_179">179</a> / what wey he / sheweth<i>e</i> in +s<i>er</i>uyng<i>e</i>.”</p> + +<span class="pagenum">46</span> +<a name="page46" id="page46"> </a> +<!-- png 168 --> +<span class="headnote">THE SEWER’S OR ARRANGER’S DUTIES.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>The Duties of a Sewer.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_sewer" id="nurture_sewer"> +Office of a <span class="smaller">sewer</span>.</a><a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_180" id="nurture_tag_180" href="#nurture_note_180">180</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +“Son, since you wish to learn,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“<span class="largecap">N</span>ow sen yt is so, my son / þat science +ye wold fayñ lere,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þ</i>us] Inserted in a seemingly later hand.</span> + +<p>drede yow no þyng<i>e</i> daungeresnes; <span class="texttag">þ<i>us</i></span> y shall<i>e</i> do my dever<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote">I will gladly teach you.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_660" id="nurture_line_660">660</a></span> +<p>to enforme yow feithfully w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ryght gladsom +cher<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>& yf ye woll<i>e</i> lysteñ my lor<i>e</i> / somewhat ye +shall<i>e</i> her<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Let the Sewer, as soon as the Master</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Take hede whañ þe worshipfull<i>e</i> hed / þat is of any place</p> + +<span class="sidenote">begins to say grace,</span> +<p>hath wasch<i>e</i> afor<i>e</i> mete / and bigy<i>n</i>neth<i>e</i> +to sey þe grace,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">hie to the kitchen.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_664" id="nurture_line_664">664</a></span> +<p>Vn-to þe kechyñ þañ looke ye take your<i>e</i> trace,</p> +<p>Entendyng & at your<i>e</i> co<i>m</i>maundyng<i>e</i> þe +s<i>er</i>uaund<i>es</i> of þe place;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +I. Ask the Panter</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Furst speke w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe panter<i>e</i> / or officer<i>e</i> of +þe spicery</p> + +<span class="sidenote">for fruits (as butter, grapes, &c.),</span> +<p>For frutes a-fore mete to ete þem fastyng<i>e</i>ly,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_668" id="nurture_line_668">668</a></span> +<p>as butt<i>ur</i> / plommes / damesyns, grapes, and chery,</p> +<p>Suche in sesons of þe yer<i>e</i> / ar served / to make meñ mery,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +if they are to be served.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Serche and enquere of þem̅ / yf such<i>e</i> s<i>er</i>uyse +shall<i>e</i> be þat day;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">II. Ask the cook</span> +<p>þan co<i>m</i>myñ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe cooke / and looke what he +will<i>e</i> say;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and Surveyor</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_672" id="nurture_line_672">672</a></span> +<p>þe surveyour<i>e</i> & he / þe certeynte tell<i>e</i> yow +will<i>e</i> þay,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">47</span> +<a name="page47" id="page47"> </a> +<!-- png 169 --> + +<span class="sidenote">what dishes are prepared.</span> +<p>what met<i>es</i> // & how many disches / þey dyd for<i>e</i> +puruay.</p> + +<p class="stanza">And whañ þe surveour<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_181" id="nurture_tag_181" href="#nurture_note_181">181</a> & þe Cooke / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> yow done +accorde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">III. Let the Cook serve up the dishes,</span> +<p>þen shall<i>e</i> þe cook dresse all<i>e</i> þyng<i>e</i> to þe +surveyng<i>e</i> borde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the Surveyor</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_676" id="nurture_line_676">676</a></span> +<p>þe surveour<i>e</i> sadly / & soburly / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owteñ +any discorde</p> + +<span class="sidenote">deliver them</span> +<p>Delyu<i>er</i> forth<i>e</i> his disches, ye to co<i>n</i>vey þem̅ to +þe lorde;</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 181.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and you, the Sewer,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +And wheñ ye bith<i>e</i> at þe borde / of s<i>er</i>uyce and +surveyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">have skilful officers to prevent any dish being +stolen.</span> +<p>se þat ye haue officers boþe courtly and co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_680" id="nurture_line_680">680</a></span> +<p>For drede of a disch<i>e</i> of your<i>e</i> course stelyng<i>e</i><a +class="tag" href="#nurture_note_181">181</a>,</p> +<p>whych<i>e</i> myght cawse a vileny ligtly in your<i>e</i> +s<i>er</i>uice sewyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +IV. Have proper servants,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +And se þ<i>a</i>t ye haue s<i>er</i>uytours semely / þe disches for to +ber<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Marshals, &c.,</span> +<p>M<i>ar</i>chall<i>es</i>, Squyers / & s<i>er</i>geaunt<i>es</i> +of armes<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_182" id="nurture_tag_182" +href="#nurture_note_182">182</a>, if þ<i>a</i>t þey be +ther<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">to bring the dishes from the kitchen.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_684" id="nurture_line_684">684</a></span> +<p>þat your<i>e</i> lord<i>es</i> mete may be brought +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out dowt or der<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">V. You set them on the table yourself.</span> +<p>to sett it surely oñ þe borde / your<i>e</i> self nede not +feer<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">48</span> +<a name="page48" id="page48"> </a> +<!-- png 170 --> +<span class="headnote">FIRST COURSE OF A FLESH DINNER.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>A Meat Dinner.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_flesh_dinner" id="nurture_flesh_dinner"> +A dynere of flesche.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_183" id="nurture_tag_183" href="#nurture_note_183">183</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote head5"><i>First Course.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="nurture_flesh_first" id="nurture_flesh_first"> +The Furst Course.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +1. Mustard and brawn.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_686" id="nurture_line_686"> +<span class="largecap">F</span>urst</a> set forth<i>e</i> mustard / +& brawne / of boor<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_184" id="nurture_tag_184" href="#nurture_note_184">184</a> þe wild +swyne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">2. Potage.</span> +<p>Suche potage / as þe cooke hath<i>e</i> made / of yerbis / spice / +& wyne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">3. Stewed Pheasant and Swan, &c.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_688" id="nurture_line_688">688</a></span> +<p>Beeff, motoñ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_185" id="nurture_tag_185" href="#nurture_note_185">185</a> / Stewed feysaund / +Swañ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_186" id="nurture_tag_186" +href="#nurture_note_186">186</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the Chawdwyñ,<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_187" id="nurture_tag_187" href="#nurture_note_187">187</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">4. Baked Venison.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_689" id="nurture_line_689"> +Capou<i>n</i>,</a> pigge / vensou<i>n</i> bake, leche lombard<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_188" id="nurture_tag_188" href="#nurture_note_188">188</a> / frutur<i>e</i> viaunt<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_189" id="nurture_tag_189" href="#nurture_note_189">189</a> fyne;</p> + +<table class="fullsize" summary="formatted text"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket rt"> +<b>A Sotelte</b> +</td> +<td> +<p class="in1">And þan a Sotelte:</p> +<p>Maydoñ mary þat holy virgyne,</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_692" id="nurture_line_692">692</a></span> +<p class="in1"> +And Gabriell<i>e</i> gretyng<i>e</i> hur / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> an +Ave.</p> +</td> +<td class="sidenote"> +5. A Device of<br> +Gabriel greeting Mary. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">49</span> +<a name="page49" id="page49"> </a> +<!-- png 171 --> +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"><i>Second Course.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="nurture_flesh_second" id="nurture_flesh_second"> +The Second Course.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +1. Blanc Mange (of Meat).</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +T<i>w</i>o potag<i>es</i>, blanger manger<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_190" id="nurture_tag_190" href="#nurture_note_190">190</a> & Also Iely<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_191" id="nurture_tag_191" href="#nurture_note_191">191</a>:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">2. Roast Venison, &c.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_694" id="nurture_line_694"> +For</a> a standard / vensou<i>n</i> rost / kyd, favne, or cony,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">3. Peacocks,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_695" id="nurture_line_695"> +bustard,</a> stork / crane / pecok in hakill<i>e</i> ryally,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_192" id="nurture_tag_192" href="#nurture_note_192">192</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">heronsew,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_696" id="nurture_line_696">696</a></span> +<p>heiron-sew or / betowr<i>e</i>, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-s<i>er</i>ue +wit<i>h</i> bred, yf þat drynk be by;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +egrets, sucking rabbits,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Partrich<i>e</i>, wodcok / plover<i>e</i> / egret / Rabett<i>es</i> +sowker<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_193" id="nurture_tag_193" href="#nurture_note_193">193</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">larks, bream, &c.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_698" id="nurture_line_698"> +Gret</a> briddes / larkes / gentill<i>e</i> breme de mer<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">4. Dowcets, amber Leche,</span> +<p>dowcett<i>es</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_194" id="nurture_tag_194" href="#nurture_note_194">194</a> payne puff, +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> leche / Ioly<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_195" id="nurture_tag_195" href="#nurture_note_195">195</a> +Amber<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">poached fritters.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_700" id="nurture_line_700">700</a></span> +<p>Fretour<i>e</i> powche / a sotelte folowyng<i>e</i> in +fer<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class="in1"><a name="nurture_line_701" id="nurture_line_701"> +þe</a> course for to fullfylle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">5. A Device of an Angel appearing</span> +<p>An angell<i>e</i> goodly kañ apper<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>and syngyng<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a mery cher<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">to three Shepherds on a hill.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_704" id="nurture_line_704">704</a></span> +<p class="in1">Vn-to .iij. shep<i>er</i>d<i>es</i> vppoñ añ +hill<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="headnote">3RD COURSE OF A FLESH DINNER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"><i>Third Course.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="nurture_flesh_third" id="nurture_flesh_third"> +The iij<sup>d</sup> Course.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">1. Almond cream.</span> +<p class="stanza">“Creme of almond<i>es</i>, & mameny, þe iij. +course in coost,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">2. Curlews, Snipes, &c.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_706" id="nurture_line_706"> +Curlew</a> / brew / snyt<i>es</i> / quayles / sp<i>ar</i>ows / +m<i>er</i>tenett<i>es</i> rost,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">50</span> +<a name="page50" id="page50"> </a> +<!-- png 172 --> + +<span class="sidenote">3. Fresh-water crayfish, &c.</span> +<p>P<i>er</i>che in gely / Crevise dewe douȝ / pety p<i>er</i>ueis<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_196" id="nurture_tag_196" href="#nurture_note_196">196</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe moost,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">4. Baked Quinces, Sage fritters, &c.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_708" id="nurture_line_708">708</a></span> +<p>Quynces bake / leche dugard / Frutur<i>e</i> sage / y speke of +cost,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">5. Devices:</span> +<p class="in1"> +and soteltees full<i>e</i> soleyñ:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">The Mother of Christ,</span> +<p>þat lady þ<i>a</i>t conseuyd by the holygost</p> +<p>hym̅ þ<i>a</i>t distroyed þe fend<i>es</i> boost,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">presented by the Kings of Cologne.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_712" id="nurture_line_712">712</a></span> +<p class="in1"> +presentid plesauntly by þe kyng<i>es</i> of coleyñ.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"><i>Dessert.</i></span> +<p class="in1 stanza"><a name="nurture_line_713" id="nurture_line_713"> +Afft<i>ur</i></a> þis, delicat<i>is</i> mo.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">White apples, caraways, wafers and +Ypocras.</span> +<p>Blaunderell<i>e</i>, or pepyns, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> carawey in +confite,</p> +<p>Waffurs to ete / ypocras to drynk w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> delite.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Clear the Table.</i></span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_716" id="nurture_line_716">716</a></span> +<p>now þis fest is fynysched / voyd þe table quyte</p> +<p>Go we to þe fysch<i>e</i> fest while we haue respite,</p> +<p class="in1">& þañ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> godd<i>es</i> g<i>ra</i>ce +þe fest will<i>e</i> be do.</p> + +<span class="headnote">1ST COURSE OF A FISH DINNER</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>A Fish Dinner.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_fish_dinner" id="nurture_fish_dinner"> +A Dinere of Fische.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_197" id="nurture_tag_197" href="#nurture_note_197">197</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote head5"><i>First Course.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="nurture_fish_first" id="nurture_fish_first"> +The Furst Course.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">1. Minnows, &c.</span> +<p>“Musclade or<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_198" id="nurture_tag_198" href="#nurture_note_198">198</a> menows // +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe Samou<i>n</i> bellows<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_199" id="nurture_tag_199" href="#nurture_note_199">199</a>// eles, lampurns in fer<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">2. Porpoise and peas.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_720" id="nurture_line_720">720</a></span> +<p>Pesoñ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe purpose // ar good potage, as y suppose +//</p> +<p class="in1">as falleth<i>e</i> for tyme of þe yer<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 182.]</span> + +<p>Bakeñ herynge // Sugr<i>e</i> þ<i>er</i>oñ strewyng<i>e</i> //</p> + +<span class="sidenote">3. Fresh Millwell.</span> +<p class="in1">grene myllewell<i>e</i>, deynteth<i>e</i> & not +der<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">4. Roast Pike.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_724" id="nurture_line_724">724</a></span> +<p>pike<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_200" id="nurture_tag_200" +href="#nurture_note_200">200</a> / lamprey / or Soolis // purpose +rosted oñ coles<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_201" id="nurture_tag_201" href="#nurture_note_201">201</a> //</p> + +<span class="pagenum">51</span> +<a name="page51" id="page51"> </a> +<!-- png 173 --> +<p class="in1">g<i>ur</i>nard / lamp<i>ur</i>nes bake / a leche, +& a fritur<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +5. A Divice:</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +a semely sotelte folowyng<i>e</i> evyñ þer<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">A young man</span> +<p class="in1">A galaunt yong<i>e</i> mañ, a wanton wight,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">piping</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_728" id="nurture_line_728">728</a></span> +<p class="in1">pypyng<i>e</i> & syngyng<i>e</i> / lovyng<i>e</i> +& lyght,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">on a cloud, and called <i>Sanguineus</i>, or +Spring.</span> +<p class="in1">Standyng<i>e</i> oñ a clowd, Sang<i>ui</i>neus he +hight,</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_730" id="nurture_line_730"> +þe</a> begy<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i> of þe sesoñ þ<i>a</i>t cleped is +ver.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"><i>Second Course.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="nurture_fish_second" id="nurture_fish_second"> +The second course.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">1. Dates and Jelly,</span> +<p>“Dat<i>es</i> in confyte // Iely red and white //</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_732" id="nurture_line_732">732</a></span> +<p class="in1">þis is good dewyng<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_202" id="nurture_tag_202" href="#nurture_note_202">202</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">2. Doree in Syrup,</span> +<p>Cong<i>ur</i>, somoñ, dorray // In siripp<i>e</i> if þey lay //</p> +<p class="in1">w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> oþ<i>er</i> disches in +sewyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">3. Turbot, &c.</span> +<p>Brett / turbut<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_203" id="nurture_tag_203" href="#nurture_note_203">203</a> / or halybut // +Carpe, base / mylet, or trowt //</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_736" id="nurture_line_736">736</a></span> +<p class="in1">Cheveñ,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_204" id="nurture_tag_204" href="#nurture_note_204">204</a> breme / +renewyng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">4. Eels, Fritters,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_737" id="nurture_line_737"> +Ȝole</a> / Eles, lampurnes / rost// a leche, a frytur<i>e</i>, +y make now bost //</p> +<span class="sidenote">5. A Device:</span> +<p class="in1">þe seco<i>n</i>d / sotelte sewynge.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +A Man of War,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +A mañ of warr<i>e</i> semyng<i>e</i> he was,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">red and angry</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_740" id="nurture_line_740">740</a></span> +<p class="in1"> +A rough<i>e</i>, a red, angry syr<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class="in1">An hasty mañ standyng<i>e</i> in fyr<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class="in1">As hoot as som<i>er</i> by his attyre;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">called <i>Estas</i>, or Summer.</span> +<p>his name was þ<i>er</i>oñ, & cleped Estas.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">52</span> +<a name="page52" id="page52"> </a> +<!-- png 174 --> +<span class="headnote">3RD AND 4TH COURSES OF A FISH DINNER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"><i>Third Course.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="nurture_fish_third" id="nurture_fish_third"> +The thrid course.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">1. Almond Cream, &c.,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_744" id="nurture_line_744">744</a></span> +<p>Creme of almond<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_205" id="nurture_tag_205" href="#nurture_note_205">205</a> Iardyne // & +mameny<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_206" id="nurture_tag_206" +href="#nurture_note_206">206</a> // good & fyne //</p> +<p class="in1">Potage for þe .iij<sup>d</sup> s<i>er</i>uyse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">2. Sturgeon,</span> +<p>Fresch sturgeñ / breme de mer<i>e</i> // P<i>er</i>che in Iely / +oryent & cler<i>e</i> //</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Whelks, Minnows,</span> +<p class="in1"><a name="nurture_line_747" id="nurture_line_747"> +whelk<i>es</i>,</a> menuse; þ<i>us</i> we devise:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">3. Shrimps, &c.,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_748" id="nurture_line_748">748</a></span> +<p>Shrympis / Fresch heryng<i>e</i> bryled // pety p<i>er</i>ueis may +not be exiled,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">4. Fritters.</span> +<p class="in1">leche frytur<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_207" id="nurture_tag_207" href="#nurture_note_207">207</a> a tansey gyse //</p> + +<span class="sidenote">5. A Device: A Man with a Sickle,</span> +<p>The sotelte / a mañ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> sikell<i>e</i> in his +hand<i>e</i>, In a ryver<i>e</i> of watur stand<i>e</i> /</p> +<p class="in1">wrapped in wed<i>es</i> in a werysom wyse,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza">tired,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_752" id="nurture_line_752">752</a></span> +<p class="stanza">hauyng<i>e</i> no deynteith<i>e</i> to daunce:</p> +<p class="in1">þe thrid age of mañ by liklynes;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">called Harvest.</span> +<p class="in1">hervist we clepe hym̅, full<i>e</i> of werynes</p> +<p class="in1">ȝet þer folowyth<i>e</i> mo þat we must dres,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_756" id="nurture_line_756">756</a></span> +<p class="in1"> +regard<i>es</i> riche þ<i>a</i>t ar full<i>e</i> of plesaunce.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"><i>Fourth Course.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="nurture_fish_fourth" id="nurture_fish_fourth"> +The .iiij. course of frute.</a></h5> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 182 b.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote">Hot apples,</span> +<p>Whot appuls & peres w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> sugr<i>e</i> Candy,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Ginger,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_758" id="nurture_line_758"> +With<i>e</i></a> Gyng<i>re</i> columbyne, mynsed man<i>er</i>ly,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Wafers, Ypocras.</span> +<p class="in1">Wafurs w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ypocras.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_760" id="nurture_line_760">760</a></span> +<p>Now þis fest is fynysched / for to make glad cher<i>e</i>:</p> +<p>and þaugh<i>e</i> so be þat þe vse & maner<i>e</i></p> +<p class="in1">not afor<i>e</i> tyme be seyñ has,</p> + +<p class="stanza">Neu<i>er</i>thelese aft<i>ur</i> my symple +affeccioñ</p> + +<span class="sidenote">The last Device,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_764" id="nurture_line_764">764</a></span> +<p>y must conclude w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe fourth co<i>m</i>pleccioñ,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Yemps</i> or</span> +<p class="in1">‘yemps’ þe cold terme of þe yer<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Winter, with grey locks, sitting on a +stone.</span> +<p>Wyntur / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his lokkys grey / febill<i>e</i> & +old,</p> +<p>Syttyng<i>e</i> vppoñ þe stone / bothe hard & cold,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_768" id="nurture_line_768">768</a></span> +<p class="in1">Nigard in hert & hevy of cher<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">53</span> +<a name="page53" id="page53"> </a> +<!-- png 175 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +These Devices represent the Ages of Man: <i>Sanguineus</i>, the 1st age, +of pleasure.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">T</span>he furst Sotelte, as y said, +‘Sang<i>ui</i>ne<i>us</i>’ hight</p> +<p>[T]he furst age of mañ / Iocond & light,</p> +<p class="in1">þe sp<i>ri</i>ngyng<i>e</i> tyme clepe ‘ver.’</p> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Colericus</i>, the 2nd, of +quarrelling.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_772" id="nurture_line_772">772</a></span> +<p>¶ The second course / ‘colericus’ by callyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Full<i>e</i> of Fyghtyng<i>e</i> / blasfemyng<i>e</i>, & +brallyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p class="in1">Fallyng<i>e</i> at veryaunce w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> felow +& fere.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Autumpnus</i> the 3rd,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ The thrid sotelte, y declar<i>e</i> as y kan,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_776" id="nurture_line_776">776</a></span> +<p>‘Autu<i>m</i>pnus,’ þat is þe .iij<sup>d</sup> age of mañ,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">of melancholy.</span> +<p class="in1">With a flewisch<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_208" id="nurture_tag_208" href="#nurture_note_208">208</a> countenaunce.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Winter</i>, the 4th, of aches and +troubles.</span> +<p>¶ The iiij<sup>th</sup> countenaunce<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_209" id="nurture_tag_209" href="#nurture_note_209">209</a>, as y seid before,</p> +<p>is wyntur w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his lokk<i>es</i> hoor<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_780" id="nurture_line_780">780</a></span> +<p class="in1"> +þe last age of mañ full<i>e</i> of grevaunce.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +These Devices give great pleasure, when shown in a house.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">T</span>hese iiij. soteltees devised in towse,<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_210" id="nurture_tag_210" href="#nurture_note_210">210</a></p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_782" id="nurture_line_782"> +wher</a> þey byñ shewed in an howse,</p> +<p class="in1">hith<i>e</i> doth<i>e</i> gret plesaunce</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_784" id="nurture_line_784">784</a></span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> oþ<i>er</i> sightes of gret Nowelte</p> +<p>þañ hañ be shewed in Riall<i>e</i> feest<i>es</i> of solempnyte,</p> +<p class="in1">A notable cost þe ordynaunce.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"><i>Inscriptions for the +Devices.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="nurture_sutiltee" id="nurture_sutiltee"> +The superscripcioun of þe sutiltees aboue specified, here folowethe +<span class="sans">V<i>er</i>sus</span></a></h5> + +<table class="fullsize" summary="formatted text"> +<tr> +<td></td><td></td> +<td class="sidenote"> +<i>Spring.</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="middle"><b>Sanguine<i>us</i>.</b></td> +<td> +<p><b>L</b>argus, amans, hillaris, ridens, rubei q<i>ue</i> coloris,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_788" id="nurture_line_788">788</a></span><p>Cantans, carnos<i>us</i>, +sat<i>is</i> audax, atque benignus.</p> +</td> +<td class="sidenote"> +Loving, laughing,<br> +singing, benign. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"> +<span class="pagenum">54</span> +<a name="page54" id="page54"> </a> +<!-- png 176 --> +<b>¶ Estas</b></td> +<td class="sidenote"> +<i>Summer.</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="middle"><b>Colericus.</b></td> +<td> +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 183.]</span> +<p><b>H</b>irsutus, Fallax / irascens / p<i>ro</i>digus, sat<i>is</i> +audax,</p> +<p>Astutus, gracilis / Siccus / crocei q<i>ue</i> coloris.</p> +</td> +<td class="sidenote"> +Prickly, angry,<br> +crafty, lean. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"> +<b>¶ Autumpnus</b></td> +<td class="sidenote"> +<i>Autumn.</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="middle"><b>Fleumaticus.</b></td> +<td> +<p><b>H</b>ic sompnolentus / piger, in sputamine multus,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_792" id="nurture_line_792">792</a></span><p>Ebes hinc sensus / pinguis, facie +color albus.</p> +</td> +<td class="sidenote"> +Sleepy, dull, sluggish,<br> +fat, white-faced. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2" class="center"> +<b>¶ yemps</b></td> +<td class="sidenote"> +<i>Winter.</i> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="middle"> +<b>Malencolicus.</b></td> +<td> +<p><b>I</b>nvidus et tristis / Cupidus / dextre que tenac<i>is</i>,</p> +<p>Non expers fraudis, timidus, lutei q<i>ue</i> coloris.</p> +</td> +<td class="sidenote"> +Envious, sad,<br> +timid, yellow-coloured. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="headnote">A FEST FOR A FRANKLEN.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i><b>A</b> Franklin’s Feast.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_franklin" id="nurture_franklin"> +A fest for a franklen.</a></h4> + +<p>“<span class="midcap">A</span> Frankleñ may make a feste +Imp<i>ro</i>berabill<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Brawn, bacon and pease,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_796" id="nurture_line_796">796</a></span> +<p>brawne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mustard is con<i>c</i>ordable,</p> +<p class="in1">bakoñ s<i>er</i>ued w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> pesoñ,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +beef and boiled chickens,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +beef or motoñ stewed s<i>er</i>uysable,</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_799" id="nurture_line_799"> +Boyled</a> Chykoñ or capoñ agreable,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_800" id="nurture_line_800">800</a></span> +<p class="in1"> +convenyent for þe sesoñ;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +roast goose, capon, and custade.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Rosted goose & pygge full<i>e</i> profitable,</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_802" id="nurture_line_802"> +Capoñ</a> / Bakemete, or Custade Costable,</p> +<p class="in1"><a name="nurture_line_803" id="nurture_line_803"> +wheñ</a> eggis & crayme be gesoñ.</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_804" id="nurture_line_804">804</a></span> +<p class="stanza">Þerfor<i>e</i> stuffe of household is +behoveable,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Second Course.</i></span> +<p>Mortrowes or Iussell<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_211" id="nurture_tag_211" href="#nurture_note_211">211</a> ar +delectable</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Mortrewes,</span> +<p class="in1">for þe second course by resoñ.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +veal, rabbit,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Thañ veel, lambe, kyd, or cony,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">chicken, dowcettes,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_808" id="nurture_line_808">808</a></span> +<p>Chykoñ or pigeoñ rosted tendurly,</p> +<p class="in1">bakemet<i>es</i> or dowcett<i>es</i><a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_212" id="nurture_tag_212" href="#nurture_note_212">212</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> all<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +fritters, or leche,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +þeñ followyng<i>e</i>, frytowrs & a leche lovely;</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_811" id="nurture_line_811"> +Suche</a> s<i>er</i>uyse in sesou<i>n</i> is full<i>e</i> semely</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_812" id="nurture_line_812">812</a></span> +<p class="in1"> +To s<i>er</i>ue w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bothe chambur & hall<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">55</span> +<a name="page55" id="page55"> </a> +<!-- png 177 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +spiced pears,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Theñ appuls & peris w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> spices delicately</p> +<p>Aft<i>ur</i> þe terme of þe yer<i>e</i> full<i>e</i> deynteithly,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">bread and cheese,</span> +<p class="in1">w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bred and chese to call<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza">spiced cakes,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_816" id="nurture_line_816">816</a></span> +<p class="stanza">Spised cak<i>es</i> and wafurs worthily</p> + +<span class="sidenote">bragot and mead.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_817" id="nurture_line_817"> +with<i>e</i></a> bragot<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_213" id="nurture_tag_213" href="#nurture_note_213">213</a> & +meth<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_214" id="nurture_tag_214" href="#nurture_note_214">214</a> þus meñ may +meryly</p> +<p class="in1">plese well<i>e</i> bothe gret & small<i>e</i>.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 183 b.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>Dinners on Fish-days.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_sewes_fish" id="nurture_sewes_fish"> +Sewes on fishe dayes.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote">Gudgeons, minnows,</span> +<p>“<span class="largecap">F</span>lowndurs / gogeons, muskels,<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_215" id="nurture_tag_215" href="#nurture_note_215">215</a> menuce in sewe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">venprides (?)</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_820" id="nurture_line_820">820</a></span> +<p>Eles, lampurnes, venprid<i>es</i> / quyk & newe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">musclade (?) of almonds,</span> +<p>Musclade in wortes / musclade<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_216" id="nurture_tag_216" href="#nurture_note_216">216</a> of almondes for stat<i>es</i> full<i>e</i> +dewe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">oysters dressed,</span> +<p>Oysturs in Ceuy<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_217" id="nurture_tag_217" href="#nurture_note_217">217</a> / oysturs in +grauey,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_218" id="nurture_tag_218" +href="#nurture_note_218">218</a> your helth<i>e</i> to renewe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +porpoise or seal,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +The baly of þe fresch<i>e</i> samoñ / els purpose, or seele<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_219" id="nurture_tag_219" href="#nurture_note_219">219</a>,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">56</span> +<a name="page56" id="page56"> </a> +<!-- png 178 --> + +<span class="sidenote">pike cullis,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_824" id="nurture_line_824">824</a></span> +<p>Colice<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_220" id="nurture_tag_220" href="#nurture_note_220">220</a> of pike, shrympus<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_221" id="nurture_tag_221" href="#nurture_note_221">221</a> / or p<i>er</i>che, ye know full<i>e</i> +wele;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">jelly, dates,</span> +<p>P<i>ar</i>tye gely / Creme of almond<i>es</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_222" id="nurture_tag_222" href="#nurture_note_222">222</a> / dat<i>es</i> in confite / to +rekeu<i>er</i> heele,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">quinces, pears,</span> +<p>Quinces & peris / Ciryppe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> p<i>ar</i>cely +rot<i>es</i> / riȝt so bygyñ yo<i>ur</i> mele.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +houndfish, rice,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Mortrowis of houndfisch<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_223" id="nurture_tag_223" href="#nurture_note_223">223</a> / & Rice +standyng<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_224" id="nurture_tag_224" href="#nurture_note_224">224</a> white,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">mameny.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_828" id="nurture_line_828">828</a></span> +<p>Mameny,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_225" id="nurture_tag_225" href="#nurture_note_225">225</a> mylke of +almond<i>es</i>, Rice rennyng<i>e</i> liquyte,—</p> + +<span class="sidenote">If you don’t like these potages, taste them +only.</span> +<p>þese potages ar holsom for þem þat hañ delite</p> +<p><a name="nurture_line_830" id="nurture_line_830"> +þ<i>er</i>of</a> to ete / & if not so / þeñ taste he but a +lite.”</p> + +<span class="headnote">SAUCE FOR FISH.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>Fish Sauces.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_sauce_fish" id="nurture_sauce_fish"> +Sawce for fishe.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_226" id="nurture_tag_226" href="#nurture_note_226">226</a></h4> + +<p class="stanza">“<span class="largecap">Y</span>owr<i>e</i> sawces +to make y shall<i>e</i> geue yow lerynge:</p> + +<span class="pagenum">57</span> +<a name="page57" id="page57"> </a> +<!-- png 179 --> + +<span class="sidenote">Mustard for salt herring,</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>is / is</i>] ? <i>is</i> repeated by mistake.</span> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_832" id="nurture_line_832">832</a></span> +<p>Mustard <span class="texttag">is / is</span> metest +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> all<i>e</i> man<i>er</i> salt heryng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">conger,</span> +<p>Salt fysch<i>e</i>, salt Congur, samou<i>n</i>, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +sparlyng<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_227" id="nurture_tag_227" href="#nurture_note_227">227</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">mackerel, &c.</span> +<p>Salt ele, salt makerell<i>e</i>, & also with<i>e</i> +m<i>er</i>lyng<i>e</i>.<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_228" id="nurture_tag_228" href="#nurture_note_228">228</a></p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Vinegar for salt porpoise,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<b>V</b>ynegur is good to salt purpose & torrentyne,<a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_229" id="nurture_tag_229" href="#nurture_note_229">229</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">swordfish, &c.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_836" id="nurture_line_836">836</a></span> +<p>Salt sturgeoñ, salt swyrd-fysch<i>e</i> savery & fyne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Sour wine for whale,</span> +<p>Salt Thurlepolle, salt whale,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_230" id="nurture_tag_230" href="#nurture_note_230">230</a> is good w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> egr<i>e</i> +wyne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">with powder.</span> +<p>with<i>e</i> powdur put þ<i>er</i>-oñ shall<i>e</i> cawse ooñ +well<i>e</i> to dyne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Wine for plaice.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_839" id="nurture_line_839"> +Playce</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wyne; & pike with<i>e</i> his +reffett;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">58</span> +<a name="page58" id="page58"> </a> +<!-- png 180 --> + +<span class="sidenote">Galantine for lamprey.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_840" id="nurture_line_840">840</a></span> +<p>þe galantyne<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_231" id="nurture_tag_231" href="#nurture_note_231">231</a> for þe lamprey / +wher<i>e</i> þey may be gete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Verjuice for mullet.</span> +<p>verdius<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_232" id="nurture_tag_232" href="#nurture_note_232">232</a> to roche / darce / +breme / soles / & molett;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Cinnamon for base, carp, and chub.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_842" id="nurture_line_842"> +Baase,</a> flow[<i>n</i>]durs / Carpe / Cheveñ / Synamome ye +þ<i>er</i>-to sett.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Garlic, verjuice, and pepper,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_843" id="nurture_line_843"> +Garlek</a> / or mustard, v<i>er</i>geus þ<i>er</i>to, pep<i>ur</i> þe +<i>po</i>wderyng<i>e</i>—</p> + +<span class="sidenote">for houndfish,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_844" id="nurture_line_844">844</a></span> +<p>For þornebak / houndfysch<i>e</i> / & also fresch<i>e</i> +heryng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">stockfish, &c.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_845" id="nurture_line_845"> +hake</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_233" id="nurture_tag_233" +href="#nurture_note_233">233</a>, stokfysh<i>e</i><a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_234" id="nurture_tag_234" href="#nurture_note_234">234</a>, haddok<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_235" id="nurture_tag_235" href="#nurture_note_235">235</a> / cod<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_236" id="nurture_tag_236" href="#nurture_note_236">236</a> / & whytyng<i>e</i>—</p> +<p>ar moost metist for thes met<i>es</i>, as techith<i>e</i> vs þe +wrytynge.</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 184.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Vinegar, cinnamon, and ginger, for fresh-water crayfish,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Vinegr<i>e</i> / powdur with<i>e</i> synamome / and gynger<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_848" id="nurture_line_848">848</a></span> +<p>to rost Eles / lampurnes / Creveȝ dew douȝ, and breme de +mer<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">fresh porpoise,</span> +<p>For Gurnard / for roche / & fresch<i>e</i> purpose, if hit +appe<i>re</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">sturgeon, &c.</span> +<p>Fresch<i>e</i> sturgeoñ / shrympes / p<i>er</i>che / molett / +y wold it wer<i>e</i> her<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza">Green Sauce for green fish (fresh +ling):</span> +<p class="stanza"><span class="midcap">G</span>rene sawce<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_237" id="nurture_tag_237" href="#nurture_note_237">237</a> is good w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> grene fisch<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_238" id="nurture_tag_238" href="#nurture_note_238">238</a>, y her<i>e</i> say;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">59</span> +<a name="page59" id="page59"> </a> +<!-- png 181 --> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_852" id="nurture_line_852">852</a></span> +<p>botte lyng<i>e</i> / brett<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_239" id="nurture_tag_239" href="#nurture_note_239">239</a> & +fresch<i>e</i> turbut / gete it who so may.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Mustard is best for every dish.</span> +<p>yet make moche of mustard, & put it not away,</p> +<p>For w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> euery disch<i>e</i> he is dewest / who so lust +to assay.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Other sauces are served at grand feasts, but the above will please +familiar guests.”</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Other sawces to sovereyns ar s<i>er</i>ued in som solempne festis,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_856" id="nurture_line_856">856</a></span> +<p>but these will plese them full<i>e</i> well<i>e</i> / þ<i>a</i>t ar +but hoomly gestis.</p> +<p>Now have y shewyd yow, my soñ, somewhat of dyu<i>er</i>se Iestis</p> +<p>þat ar reme<i>m</i>bred in lord<i>es</i> courte / þer<i>e</i> as all +rialte restis.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +“Fair fall you, father!</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“<span class="largecap">N</span>ow fayre falle yow fadir / in +fayth<i>e</i> y am full fayñ,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">You have taught me lovesomely;</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_860" id="nurture_line_860">860</a></span> +<p>For louesomly ye han lered me þe nurtur þat ye han sayñ;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">but please tell me,</span> +<p>pleseth<i>e</i> it you to certifye me with ooñ worde or twayñ</p> + +<span class="sidenote">too, the duties of a Chamberlain.”</span> +<p>þe Curtesy to co<i>n</i>ceue conveniently for eu<i>er</i>y +chamburlayñ.”</p> + +<span class="headnote">THE OFFICE OFF A CHAMBURLAYNE.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>The Chamberlain’s Duties.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_chamber" id="nurture_chamber"> +The office off a chamburlayne.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_240" id="nurture_tag_240" href="#nurture_note_240">240</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He must be diligent,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“<span class="largecap">T</span>he Curtesy of a chamburlayñ is in +office to be diligent,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">60</span> +<a name="page60" id="page60"> </a> +<!-- png 182 --> + +<span class="sidenote">neatly dressed, clean-washed,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_864" id="nurture_line_864">864</a></span> +<p>Clenli clad, his cloþis not all to-rent;</p> +<p>handis & face wascheñ fayr<i>e</i>, his hed well kempt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">careful of fire and candle,</span> +<p>& war eu<i>er</i> of fyr<i>e</i> and candill<i>e</i> þat he be +not neccligent.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +attentive to his master,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_867" id="nurture_line_867"> +To</a> your<i>e</i> mastir looke ye geue diligent attendaunce;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">light of ear,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_868" id="nurture_line_868">868</a></span> +<p>be curteyse, glad of cher<i>e</i>, & light of er<i>e</i> in +eu<i>er</i>y semblaunce,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">looking out for things that will please.</span> +<p>eu<i>er</i> waytyng<i>e</i> to þat thyng<i>e</i> þat may do hym +plesaunce:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">The Chamberlain must prepare for his +lord</span> +<p>to these p<i>ro</i>purtees if ye will apply, it may yow well<i>e</i> +avaunce.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +a clean shirt,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Se that your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne haue clene shurt & breche,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">under and upper coat and doublet,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_872" id="nurture_line_872">872</a></span> +<p>a petycote,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_241" id="nurture_tag_241" href="#nurture_note_241">241</a> a dublett, a +long<i>e</i> coote, if he wer<i>e</i> suche,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">breeches, socks,</span> +<p>his hosyñ well brusshed, his sokk<i>es</i> not to seche,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and slippers as brown as a water-leech.</span> +<p>his shoñ or slyppers as browne as is þe wat<i>ur</i>leche.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +In the morning,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +In þe morow tyde, agaynst your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne doth ryse,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">must have clean linen ready, warmed</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_876" id="nurture_line_876">876</a></span> +<p>wayte hys lynnyñ þat hit be clene; þeñ warme h<i>i</i>t in þ<i>i</i>s +wise,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">by a clear fire.</span> +<p>by a cler<i>e</i> fyr<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>owt smoke / if it be +cold or frese,</p> +<p>and so may ye your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayñ plese at þe best +asise.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">61</span> +<a name="page61" id="page61"> </a> +<!-- png 183 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +When his lord rises, he gets ready the foot-sheet;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_879" id="nurture_line_879"> +Agayne</a> he riseth vp, make redy your<i>e</i> fote shete</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_880" id="nurture_line_880">880</a></span> +<p>in þ<i>i</i>s man<i>er</i> made greithe / & þat ye not +forgete</p> + +<span class="sidenote">puts a cushioned chair before the fire,</span> +<p>furst a chayer<i>e</i> a-for<i>e</i> þe fyr<i>e</i> / or som +oþ<i>er</i> honest sete</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 184 b.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote">a cushion for the feet,</span> +<p>With<i>e</i> a cosshyñ þ<i>er</i> vppoñ / & a noþ<i>ur</i> +for the feete</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and over all spreads the foot-sheet:</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +aboue þe coschyñ & chayer<i>e</i> þe said shete ou<i>er</i> +sprad</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_884" id="nurture_line_884">884</a></span> +<p>So þat it keu<i>er</i> þe fote coschyñ and chayer<i>e</i>, riȝt as y +bad;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">has a comb and kerchief ready,</span> +<p>Also combe & kercheff / looke þer<i>e</i> bothe be had</p> +<p>your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>eyñ hed to kymbe or he be graytly clad:</p> + +<p class="null"><a name="nurture_dress" id="nurture_dress"> </a></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and then asks his lord</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">T</span>han pray your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>eyñ +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wordus mansuetely</p> + +<span class="sidenote">to come to the fire and dress while he +waits by.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_888" id="nurture_line_888">888</a></span> +<p>to com to a good fyr<i>e</i> and aray hym ther by,</p> +<p>and ther<i>e</i> to sytt or stand / to his p<i>er</i>sone +plesauntly,</p> +<p>and ye eu<i>er</i> redy to awayte w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> maners +metely.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +1. Give your master his under coat,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Furst hold to hym a petycote aboue your<i>e</i> brest and barme,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">2. His doublet,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_892" id="nurture_line_892">892</a></span> +<p>his dublet þañ aftur to put in boþe hys arme,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">3. Stomacher well warmed,</span> +<p>his stomacher<i>e</i> well<i>e</i> y-chaffed to kepe hym fro +harme,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">4. Vampeys and socks,</span> +<p>his vampeys<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_242" id="nurture_tag_242" href="#nurture_note_242">242</a> and sokkes, þañ all +day he may go warme;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">62</span> +<a name="page62" id="page62"> </a> +<!-- png 184 --> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +5. Draw on his socks, breeches, and shoes,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Theñ drawe oñ his sokkis / & hosyñ by the fur<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_896" id="nurture_line_896">896</a></span> +<p>his shoñ laced or bokelid, draw them̅ oñ sur<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">6. Pull up his breeches,</span> +<p>Strike his hosyñ vppewarde his legge ye endur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">7. Tie ’em up,</span> +<p>þeñ trusse ye them vp strayte / to his plesur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +8. Lace his doublet,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Then lace his dublett eu<i>er</i>y hoole so by & bye;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">9. Put a kerchief round his neck,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_900" id="nurture_line_900">900</a></span> +<p>oñ his shuldur about his nek a kercheff þer<i>e</i> must lye,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">10. Comb his head with an ivory comb,</span> +<p>and curteisly þañ ye kymbe his hed w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> combe of +yvery,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">11. Give him warm water to wash with,</span> +<p>and watur warme his hand<i>es</i> to wasche, & face also +clenly.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +12. Kneel down and ask him</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">T</span>han knele a dowñ oñ your<i>e</i> kne / +& þ<i>us</i> to your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayñ ye say</p> + +<span class="sidenote">what gown he’ll wear:</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_904" id="nurture_line_904">904</a></span> +<p>“Syr, what Robe or govñ pleseth it yow to wer<i>e</i> to day?”</p> + +<span class="sidenote">13. Get the gown,</span> +<p>Suche as he axeth for<i>e</i> / loke ye plese hym to pay,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">14. Hold it out to him;</span> +<p>þañ hold it to hym̅ a brode, his body þ<i>er</i>-in to array;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +15. Get his girdle,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +his gurdell<i>e</i>, if he wer<i>e</i>, be it strayt or lewse;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">16. His Robe (see <a href="#nurture_line_956">l. 957</a>).</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_908" id="nurture_line_908">908</a></span> +<p>Set his garment goodly / aftur as ye know þe vse;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">17. His hood or hat.</span> +<p>take hym̅ hode or hatt / for his hed<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_242a" id="nurture_tag_242a" href="#nurture_note_242a">242a</a> cloke or cappe de huse;</p> +<p>So shall<i>e</i> ye plese hym̅ prestly, no nede to make excuse</p> + +<p class="stanza">Wheþ<i>ur</i> hit be feyr<i>e</i> or foule, or mysty +all<i>e</i> with<i>e</i> reyñ.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">18. Before he goes</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_912" id="nurture_line_912">912</a></span> +<p>Or your<i>e</i> mastir depart his place, afor<i>e</i> þ<i>a</i>t þis +be seyñ,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">brush him carefully.</span> +<p>to brusch<i>e</i> besily about hym̅; loke all be pur and playñ</p> +<p>wheþur he wer<i>e</i> sateñ / sendell, vellewet, scarlet, or +greyñ.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Before your lord goes to church,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_915" id="nurture_line_915"> +Prynce</a> or p<i>re</i>late if hit be, or any oþ<i>er</i> +potestate,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_916" id="nurture_line_916">916</a></span> +<p>or he entur in to þe church<i>e</i>, be it erly or late,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">63</span> +<a name="page63" id="page63"> </a> +<!-- png 185 --> +<span class="sidenote">see that his pew is made ready,</span> +<p>p<i>er</i>ceue all þyng<i>e</i> for his pewe þ<i>a</i>t it be made +p<i>re</i>p<i>ar</i>ate,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">cushion, curtain, &c.</span> +<p>boþe cosshyñ / carpet / & curteyñ / bed<i>es</i> & boke, +forgete not that.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Return to his bedroom,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">T</span>hañ to your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>eynes +chambur walke ye in hast;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">throw off the clothes,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_920" id="nurture_line_920">920</a></span> +<p>all þe cloþes of þe bed, them aside ye cast;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">beat the featherbed,</span> +<p>þe Fethurbed ye bete / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out hurt, so no feddurs ye +wast,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">see that the fustian and sheets are +clean.</span> +<p>Fustiañ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_243" id="nurture_tag_243" href="#nurture_note_243">243</a> and shetis clene by +sight and sans ye tast.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Cover the bed with a coverlet,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Kover w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a keu<i>er</i>lyte clenly / þat bed so +man<i>er</i>ly made;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">spread out the bench covers and +cushions,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_924" id="nurture_line_924">924</a></span> +<p>þe bankers & quosshyns, in þe chambur se þem̅ feir<i>e</i> +y-sprad,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">set up the headsheet and pillow,</span> +<p>boþe hedshete & pillow also, þat þe[y] be saaff vp stad,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">remove the urinal and basin,</span> +<p>the vrnell<i>e</i> & basoñ also that they awey be had.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 185.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +lay carpets round the bed,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Se the carpett<i>is</i> about þe bed be forth spred & laid,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and with others dress the windows and +cupboard,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_928" id="nurture_line_928">928</a></span> +<p>wyndowes & cuppeborde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> carpett<i>is</i> & +cosshyns splayd;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">have a fire laid.</span> +<p>Se þer be a good fyr<i>e</i> in þe chambur conveyed,</p> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wood & fuell<i>e</i> redy þe fuyr<i>e</i> to +bete & aide.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Keep the Privy sweet and clean,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">S</span>e þe privehouse for esement<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_244" id="nurture_tag_244" href="#nurture_note_244">244</a> be fayr<i>e</i>, soote, & clene,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">cover the boards with green cloth,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_932" id="nurture_line_932">932</a></span> +<p>& þat þe bord<i>es</i> þ<i>er</i> vppoñ / be keu<i>er</i>ed +with<i>e</i> clothe feyr<i>e</i> & grene,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">64</span> +<a name="page64" id="page64"> </a> +<!-- png 186 --> + +<span class="sidenote">so that no wood shows at the hole;</span> +<p>& þe hool<i>e</i> / hym self, looke þer no borde be sene,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">put a cushion there,</span> +<p>þ<i>er</i>oñ a feir<i>e</i> quoschyñ / þe ordour<i>e</i> no mañ to +tene</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and have some blanket, cotton, or linen to wipe on;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +looke þ<i>er</i> be blanket / cotyñ / or lynyñ to wipe þe neþ<i>ur</i> +ende<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_245" id="nurture_tag_245" +href="#nurture_note_245">245</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">have a basin, jug, and towel, ready</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_936" id="nurture_line_936">936</a></span> +<p>and eu<i>er</i> wheñ he clepith<i>e</i>, wayte redy & +entende,</p> +<p>basou<i>n</i> and ewer<i>e</i>, & oñ yo<i>ur</i> shuldur a +towell<i>e</i>, my frende<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_246" id="nurture_tag_246" href="#nurture_note_246">246</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">for your lord to wash when he leaves the +privy.</span> +<p>In þis wise worship shall<i>e</i> ye wyñ / wher<i>e</i> þ<i>a</i>t +eu<i>er</i> ye wende</p> + +<span class="headnote">THE CHAMBERLAIN IN THE WARDEROBES.</span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_wardrobe" id="nurture_wardrobe"> +The <!-- last letter? --> warderober.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_247" id="nurture_tag_247" href="#nurture_note_247">247</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +In the Wardrobe take care to keep the clothes well, and brush ’em</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="supercap">I</span>N þe warderobe ye must muche entende +besily</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_940" id="nurture_line_940">940</a></span> +<p>the robes to kepe well / & also to brusche þem̅ clenly;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">with a soft brush</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_941" id="nurture_line_941"> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i></a> the ende of a soft brusch<i>e</i> ye +brusch<i>e</i> þem clenly,</p> +<p>and yet ou<i>er</i> moche bruschyng<i>e</i> wereth<i>e</i> cloth +lyghtly.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +at least once a week,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +lett neu<i>er</i> wollyñ cloth ne furr<i>e</i> passe a seuenyght</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_944" id="nurture_line_944">944</a></span> +<p>to be vnbrossheñ & shakyñ / tend þ<i>er</i>to aright,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">for fear of moths.</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_945" id="nurture_line_945"> +for</a> mought<i>es</i> be redy eu<i>er</i> in þem to gendur & +aliȝt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Look after your Drapery and Skinnery.</span> +<p>þerfore to drapery / & skynn<i>er</i>y eu<i>er</i> haue ye a +sight.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">65</span> +<a name="page65" id="page65"> </a> +<!-- png 187 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +If your lord will take a nap after his meal,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +your<i>e</i> souerayñ aftir mete / his stomak to digest</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_948" id="nurture_line_948">948</a></span> +<p>yef he will<i>e</i> take a slepe / hym self þer<i>e</i> for to +rest,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">have ready kerchief, comb,</span> +<p>looke bothe kercheff & combe / þat ye haue þer<i>e</i> prest,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">pillow and headsheet</span> +<p>bothe pillow & hedshete / for hym̅ þe[y] must be drest;</p> + +<p class="stanza">yet be ye nott ferr<i>e</i> hym fro, take tent what +y say,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">(don’t let him sleep too long),</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_952" id="nurture_line_952">952</a></span> +<p>For moche slepe is not medcynable in myddis of þe day.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">water and towel.</span> +<p>wayte þat ye haue watur to wasch<i>e</i> / & towell<i>e</i> +all<i>e</i> way</p> +<p>aftur slepe and sege / honeste will not hit denay.</p> + +<span class="headnote"><a name="nurture_bed" id="nurture_bed"> +TO PUT A LORD TO BED.</a></span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +When he goes to bed,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">W</span>hañ your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne +hath<i>e</i> supped / & to chamb<i>ur</i> takith<i>e</i> his +gate,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">1. Spread out the footsheet,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_956" id="nurture_line_956">956</a></span> +<p>þañ sprede forth<i>e</i> your<i>e</i> fote shete / like as y lered +yow late;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">2. Take off your lord’s Robe</span> +<p>thañ his gowne ye gadir of, or garment of his estate,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and put it away.</span> +<p>by his licence / & ley hit vpp in suche place as ye best +wate.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +3. Put a cloak on his back,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +vppoñ his bak a ma<i>n</i>tell ye ley / his body to kepe from cold,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">4. Set him on his footsheet,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_960" id="nurture_line_960">960</a></span> +<p>Set hym̅ oñ his fote shete<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_248" id="nurture_tag_248" href="#nurture_note_248">248</a> / made redy as +y yow told;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">5. Pull off his shoes, socks, and +breeches,</span> +<p>his shoñ, sokkis, & hosyñ / to draw of be ye bolde;</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 185 b.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote">6. Throw the breeches over your arm,</span> +<p>þe hosyñ oñ your<i>e</i> shuldyr cast / oñ vppoñ yo<i>ur</i> arme ye +hold;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +7. Comb his head,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>eynes hed ye kembe / but furst ye knele to +ground;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">8. Put on his kerchief and nightcap,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_964" id="nurture_line_964">964</a></span> +<p>þe kercheff and cappe oñ his hed / hit wolde be warmely wounde;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">66</span> +<a name="page66" id="page66"> </a> +<!-- png 188 --> + +<span class="sidenote">9. Have the bed, and headsheet, &c., +ready,</span> +<p>his bed / y-spred / þe shete for þe hed / þe pelow prest þ<i>a</i>t +stounde,</p> +<p>þat wheñ your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>eyñ to bed shall go / to slepe +þer<i>e</i> saaf & sounde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +10. Draw the curtains,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +The curteyns let draw þem̅ þe bed round about;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">11. Set the night-light,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_968" id="nurture_line_968">968</a></span> +<p>se his morter<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_249" id="nurture_tag_249" href="#nurture_note_249">249</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +wax or p<i>er</i>cher<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_250" id="nurture_tag_250" href="#nurture_note_250">250</a> þat it go not +owt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">12. Drive out dogs and cats,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_969" id="nurture_line_969"> +dryve</a> out dogge<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_250a" id="nurture_tag_250a" href="#nurture_note_250a">250a</a> and catte, or +els geue þem̅ a clovt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">13. Bow to your lord,</span> +<p><a name="nurture_line_970" id="nurture_line_970"> +Of</a> your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne take no leue<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_251" id="nurture_tag_251" href="#nurture_note_251">251</a>; / but low to hym̅ alowt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +14. Keep the night-stool and urinal ready for whenever he calls,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +looke þat ye haue þe basoñ for ch<i>a</i>mbur & also þe +vrnall<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_972" id="nurture_line_972">972</a></span> +<p>redy at all<i>e</i> howres wheñ he will<i>e</i> clepe or +call<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and take it back when done with.</span> +<p>his nede p<i>er</i>formed, þe same receue agayñ ye shall<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>& þus may ye haue a thank / & reward wheñ þ<i>a</i>t +eu<i>er</i> hit fall<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="headnote">TO MAKE A BATH.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>How to prepare a Bath.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_bath" id="nurture_bath"> +A bathe or stewe <span class="smaller">so called</span>.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote">Hang round the roof, sheets</span> +<p>Ȝeff your<i>e</i> sou<i>er</i>ayne will<i>e</i> to þe bath<i>e</i>, +his body to wasch<i>e</i> clene,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">full of sweet herbs,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_976" id="nurture_line_976">976</a></span> +<p>hang shetis round about þe rooff; do thus as y meene;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">have five or six sponges to sit or +lean on,</span> +<p>eu<i>er</i>y shete full of flowres & herbis soote & +grene,</p> +<p>and looke ye haue sponges .v. or vj. p<i>er</i>oñ to sytte or +lene:</p> + +<span class="pagenum">67</span> +<a name="page67" id="page67"> </a> +<!-- png 189 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and one great sponge to sit on</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +looke þ<i>er</i> be a gret sponge, þ<i>er</i>-oñ your<i>e</i> +sou<i>er</i>ayne to sytt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">with a sheet over</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_980" id="nurture_line_980">980</a></span> +<p>þ<i>er</i>oñ a shete, & so he may bathe hym̅ þer<i>e</i> a +fytte;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and a sponge under his feet.</span> +<p>vndir his feete also a sponge, ȝiff þ<i>er</i> be any to putt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Mind the door’s shut.</span> +<p>and alwey be sur<i>e</i> of þe dur, & se þat he be shutt.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +With a basinful of hot herbs,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_983" id="nurture_line_983"> +A</a> basyñ full in your<i>e</i> hand of herbis hote & +fresch<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">wash him with a soft sponge,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_984" id="nurture_line_984">984</a></span> +<p>& with a soft sponge in hand, his body þ<i>a</i>t ye +wasch<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">throw rose-water on him;</span> +<p>Rynse hym̅ with rose watur warme & feir<i>e</i> vppoñ hym +flasch<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">let him go to bed.</span> +<p>þeñ lett hym̅ go to bed / but looke it be soote & +nesch<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Put his socks and slippers on,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_987" id="nurture_line_987"> +but</a> furst sett oñ his sokkis, his slyppers oñ his feete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">stand him on his footsheet,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_988" id="nurture_line_988">988</a></span> +<p>þat he may go feyr<i>e</i> to þe fyr<i>e</i>, þer<i>e</i> to take his +fote shete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">wipe him dry,</span> +<p>þañ with<i>e</i> a clene cloth<i>e</i> / to wype awey all wete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">take him to bed to cure his troubles.</span> +<p>thañ bryng<i>e</i> hym̅ to his bed, his bales ther<i>e</i> to +bete.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>To make a Medicinal Bath.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_medicinable" id="nurture_medicinable"> +The makyng of a bathe medicinable.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_252" id="nurture_tag_252" href="#nurture_note_252">252</a></h4> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 186.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Boil together hollyhock</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_991" id="nurture_line_991"> +“<span class="largecap">H</span>oly</a> hokke / & yardehok<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_253" id="nurture_tag_253" href="#nurture_note_253">253</a> / p<i>er</i>itory<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_254" id="nurture_tag_254" href="#nurture_note_254">254</a> / and þe brown fenell<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_255" id="nurture_tag_255" href="#nurture_note_255">255</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">68</span> +<a name="page68" id="page68"> </a> +<!-- png 190 --> +<span class="headnote">THE MAKYNG OF A BATHE MEDICINABLE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote">centaury,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_992" id="nurture_line_992">992</a></span> +<p>walle wort<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_256" id="nurture_tag_256" href="#nurture_note_256">256</a> / herbe Iohñ<a +class="tag" name="nurture_tag_257" id="nurture_tag_257" href="#nurture_note_257">257</a> / Sentory<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_258" id="nurture_tag_258" href="#nurture_note_258">258</a> / rybbewort<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_259" id="nurture_tag_259" href="#nurture_note_259">259</a> / & camamell<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">herb-benet,</span> +<p>hey hove<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_260" id="nurture_tag_260" href="#nurture_note_260">260</a> / heyriff<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_261" id="nurture_tag_261" href="#nurture_note_261">261</a> / herbe benet<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_262" id="nurture_tag_262" href="#nurture_note_262">262</a> / bresewort<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_263" id="nurture_tag_263" href="#nurture_note_263">263</a> / & smallache,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_264" id="nurture_tag_264" href="#nurture_note_264">264</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">69</span> +<a name="page69" id="page69"> </a> +<!-- png 191 --> + +<span class="sidenote">scabious,</span> +<p>broke lempk<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_265" id="nurture_tag_265" href="#nurture_note_265">265</a> / Scabiose<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_266" id="nurture_tag_266" href="#nurture_note_266">266</a> / Bilgres<ins class="mycorr" title="tag added by transcriber"><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_267" id="nurture_tag_267" href="#nurture_note_267">267</a></ins> / wildflax / +is good for ache;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +withy leaves;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_line_995" id="nurture_line_995"> +wethy</a> leves / grene otes / boyled in fer<i>e</i> fulle soft,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">throw them hot into a vessel, set your lord +on it;</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_996" id="nurture_line_996">996</a></span> +<p>Cast þem̅ hote in to a vessell<i>e</i> / & sett your<i>e</i> +soverayñ alloft,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">let him bear it as hot as he can,</span> +<p>and suffir<i>e</i> þat hete a while as hoot as he may a-bide;</p> +<p>se þ<i>a</i>t place be cou<i>er</i>ed well<i>e</i> ou<i>er</i> / +& close oñ eu<i>er</i>y side;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and whatever disease he has</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +and what dissese ye be vexed w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>, grevaunce ouþ<i>er</i> +peyñ,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">will certainly be cured, as men say.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1000" id="nurture_line_1000">1000</a></span> +<p>þis medicyne shall<i>e</i> make yow hoole surely, as meñ seyñ.”</p> + +<span class="headnote">USHER AND MARSHAL: THE ORDER OF PRECEDENCE OF +PERSONS.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head4"><i>The Duties of an Usher and +Marshal.</i></span> + +<h4><a name="nurture_usher" id="nurture_usher">The office of ussher +& marshalle.</a><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_268" id="nurture_tag_268" href="#nurture_note_268">268</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +This line is in a later hand.</span> + +<p class="center">my lorde, my master, of lilleshull<i>e</i> abbot</p> + +<p>“<span class="largecap">T</span>he office of a +co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i> vscher<i>e</i> or marshall<i>e</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owt fable</p> + +<span class="pagenum">70</span> +<a name="page70" id="page70"> </a> +<!-- png 192 --> + +<span class="sidenote">He must know the rank and precedence of all +people.</span> +<p>must know all<i>e</i> estat<i>es</i> of the church goodly & +greable,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1004" id="nurture_line_1004">1004</a></span> +<p>and þe excellent estate of a kyng<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his +blode honorable:</p> +<p>hit is a notable nurtur<i>e</i> / co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i>, curyouse, +and commendable.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">I. 1. The Pope.</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_precedence" id="nurture_precedence"> +<b><span class="midcap">T</span>he pope</b> hath no peere;</a></p> + +<table class="fullsize" summary="text with vertical sidebar"> +<tr> +<td class="rightline middle" rowspan="3"> +<b>T<br> +h<br> +e<br> +s<br> +t<br> +a<br> +t<br> +e<br> + <br> +o<br> +f<br> +f<br> + <br> +a</b> +</td> +<td><p>Emperowr<i>e</i> is nex hym eu<i>er</i>y wher<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Kyng<i>e</i> corespondent; þus nurtur<i>e</i> shall<i>e</i> yow +lere.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1008" id="nurture_line_1008">1008</a></span> +<p>high<i>e</i> Cardynell<i>e</i>, þe dignyte doth<i>e</i> +requer<i>e</i>;</p></td> +<td class="sidenote">2. Emperor.<br> +3. King.<br> +4. Cardinal.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>Kyngis soñe, prynce ye hym Call<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Archebischopp<i>e</i> is to hym p<i>er</i>egall<i>e</i>.</p> +<p>Duke of þe blod<i>e</i> royall<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1012" id="nurture_line_1012">1012</a></span> +<p>bishopp<i>e</i> / Marques / & erle / coequall<i>e</i>.</p></td> +<td class="sidenote">5. Prince.<br> +6. Archbishop.<br> +7. Royal Duke.<br> +II. Bishop, &c.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p><span class="midcap">V</span>ycount / legate / baroune / +suffrigañ / abbot w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> myt<i>ur</i> feyr<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>barovñ of þescheker<i>e</i> / iij. þe cheff Iusticeȝ / of londoñ þe +meyr<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Pryour<i>e</i> Cathedrall<i>e</i>, myt<i>ur</i> abbot +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out / a knyght bachiller<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1016" id="nurture_line_1016">1016</a></span> +<p>P<i>ri</i>oure / deane / archedekoñ / a knyght / þe body +Esquyer<i>e</i>,</p></td> +<td class="sidenote">III. 1. Viscount. 2. Mitred abbot.<br> +3. Three Chief Justices.<br> +4. Mayor of London.<br> +IV. (The Knight’s rank.)<br> +1. Cathedral Prior, Knight Bachelor.<br> +2. Dean, Archdeacon.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="rightline middle" rowspan="3"> +<b>T<br> +h<br> +e<br> +s<br> +t<br> +a<br> +t<br> +e<br> + <br> +o<br> +f<br> +f<br> + <br> +a</b> +</td> +<td><p>Mastir of the rolles / riȝt þus rykeñ y,</p> +<p>Vndir Iustice may sitte hym by:</p> +<p>Clerke of the crowne / & thescheker<i>e</i> +Co<i>n</i>venyently</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1020" id="nurture_line_1020">1020</a></span> +<p>Meyr<i>e</i> of Calice ye may p<i>re</i>ferr<i>e</i> +plesauntly.</p></td> +<td class="sidenote">3. Master of the Rolls.<br> +4. Puisné Judge.<br> +5. Clerk of the Crown.<br> +6. Mayor of Calais.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><span class="leftnote">[Fol. 186 b.]</span> +<p>Provynciall<i>e</i>, & doctur diuyne,</p> +<p>P<i>ro</i>thonot<i>ur</i>, ap<i>er</i>tli to-gedur þey may dyne.</p> +<p><span class="midcap">Þ</span>e popes legate or collectour<i>e</i>, +to-ged<i>ur</i> ye assigne,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">71</span> +<a name="page71" id="page71"> </a> +<!-- png 193 --> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1024" id="nurture_line_1024">1024</a></span> +<p>Doctur of bothe lawes, beyng<i>e</i> in science digne.</p></td> +<td class="sidenote">7. Doctor of Divinity.<br> +8. Prothonotary.<br> +9. Pope’s Legate.<br> +V. (The Squire’s rank.)<br> +1. Doctor of Laws. +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p><span class="midcap">H</span>ym þat hath byñ meyr<i>e</i> / & +a londyner<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Sargeaunt of lawe / he may w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym comper<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>The mastirs of the Chauncery w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> comford & +cher<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1028" id="nurture_line_1028">1028</a></span> +<p>Þe worshipfull<i>e</i> p<i>re</i>chour<i>e</i> of +p<i>ar</i>dou<i>n</i> in þ<i>a</i>t place to apper<i>e</i>.</p> +</td> +<td class="sidenote"> +2. Ex-Mayor of London.<br> +3. Serjeant of Law.<br> +4. Masters of Chancery.<br> +5. Preacher. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +6. Masters of Arts.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +The clerk<i>es</i> of connyng<i>e</i> that hañ takeñ degre,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">7. Other Religious.</span> +<p>And all<i>e</i> othur ordurs of chastite chosyñ, & also of +pou<i>er</i>te,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">8. Parsons and Vicars.</span> +<p>all<i>e</i> p<i>ar</i>sons & vicaries þat ar of dignyte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">9. Parish Priests.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1032" id="nurture_line_1032">1032</a></span> +<p>parisch<i>e</i> prest<i>es</i> kepynge cur<i>e</i>, vn-to þem loke ye +se.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +10. City Bailiffs.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +For þe baliff<i>es</i> of a Cite purvey ye must a space,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">11. Serjeant at Arms.</span> +<p>A yemañ of þe crowne / Sargeaunt of armes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +mace,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">12. Heralds (the <ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by author from ‘King’s’">chief</ins> Herald has first +place),</span> +<p>A herrowd of Armes as gret a dygnyte has,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1036" id="nurture_line_1036">1036</a></span> +<p>Specially kyng<i>e</i> harrawd / must haue þe +p<i>ri</i>ncipall<i>e</i> place;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +13. Merchants,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Worshipfull<i>e</i> m<i>er</i>chaund<i>es</i> and riche artyficeris,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">14. Gentlemen,</span> +<p>Gentilmeñ well<i>e</i> nurtured & of good maneris,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">15. Gentlewomen</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> gentilwo<i>m</i>men / and namely lord<i>es</i> +nurrieris,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">may all eat with squires.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1040" id="nurture_line_1040">1040</a></span> +<p>all<i>e</i> these may sit at a table of good squyeris.</p> + +<span class="headnote">USHER & MARSHAL: WHAT PEOPLE RANK AND DINE +TOGETHER.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +I have now told you</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">L</span>o, soñ, y haue shewid the aft<i>ur</i> +my symple wytte</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the rank of every class,</span> +<p>euery state aftir þeir<i>e</i> degre, to þy knowleche y shall<i>e</i> +co<i>m</i>mytte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and now I’ll tell you</span> +<p>and how þey shall<i>e</i> be s<i>er</i>ued, y shall<i>e</i> shew +the ȝett,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">how they may be grouped at table.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1044" id="nurture_line_1044">1044</a></span> +<p>in what place aft<i>ur</i> þeir<i>e</i> dignyte how þey owght to +sytte:</p> + +<span class="pagenum">72</span> +<a name="page72" id="page72"> </a> +<!-- png 194 --> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<table class="fullsize" summary="formatted text"> +<tr> +<td class="rightline middle center"> +<b>Thestate<br> +of a</b> +</td> +<td><p>Pope, Emp<i>er</i>owr<i>e</i> / kyng<i>e</i> or +cardynall<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Prynce w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> goldyñ rodde Royall<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Archebischopp<i>e</i> / vsyñg to wer<i>e</i> þe palle,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1048" id="nurture_line_1048">1048</a></span> +<p>Duke / all<i>e</i> þese of dygnyte owȝt not kepe þe +hall<i>e</i>.</p></td> +<td class="sidenote">I. Pope, King,<br> +Prince,<br> +Archbishop<br> +and Duke.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="sidenote">II. Bishop, Marquis, Viscount, Earl.</span> +<p>Bisshoppes, M<i>er</i>ques, vicount, Erle goodly,</p> +<p>May sytte at .ij. messeȝ yf þey be lovyng<i>e</i>ly.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">III. The Mayor of London, Baron, Mitred Abbot, +three Chief Justices, Speaker,</span> +<p>þe meyr<i>e</i> of londoñ, & a baroñ, an abbot myterly,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1052" id="nurture_line_1052">1052</a></span> +<p>the iij. chef Iusticeȝ, þe speker<i>e</i> of þe p<i>ar</i>lement, +p<i>ro</i>purly</p> + +<p class="stanza">all<i>e</i> these Estat<i>es</i> ar gret and +honorable,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">may sit together, two or three at a +mess.</span> +<p>þey may sitte in Chambur or hall<i>e</i> at a table,</p> +<p>.ij. or els iij. at a messe / ȝeff þey be greable:</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1056" id="nurture_line_1056">1056</a></span> +<p>þus may ye in your<i>e</i> office to eu<i>er</i>y mañ be +plesable.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +IV. The other ranks (three or four to a mess)</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Of all<i>e</i> oþ<i>er</i> estat<i>es</i> to a messe / iij. or iiij. þus +may ye sur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">equal to a Knight,</span> +<p>And of all<i>e</i> estatis þat ar egall<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a +knyght / digne & demur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">unmitred Abbot,</span> +<p>Off abbot & p<i>ri</i>our<i>e</i> sauncȝ myt<i>ur</i>, of +co<i>n</i>vent þey hañ cur<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Dean, Master of the Rolls,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1060" id="nurture_line_1060">1060</a></span> +<p>Deane / Archedecoñ, mast<i>ur</i> of þe rolles, aft<i>ur</i> +your<i>e</i> plesur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 187.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +under Judges,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Alle the <ins class="mycorr" title="text unchanged">vndirIusticeȝ</ins> and barou<i>n</i>es of þe kyng<i>es</i> +Eschekier<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Doctor of Divinity,</span> +<p>a p<i>ro</i>vinciall<i>e</i> / a doctour<i>e</i> devine / or boþe +lawes, þus yow ler<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Prothonotary,</span> +<p>A p<i>ro</i>thonot<i>ur</i> ap<i>ert</i>li, or þe popis +collectour<i>e</i>, if he be ther<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Mayor of Calais.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1064" id="nurture_line_1064">1064</a></span> +<p>Also þe meyr<i>e</i> of þe stapull<i>e</i> / In like purpose +þ<i>er</i> may apper<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +V. Other ranks equal to a Squire, four to a mess.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Of all<i>e</i> oþ<i>ur</i> estat<i>es</i> to a messe ye may sette +four<i>e</i> / & four<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>as suche p<i>er</i>sones as ar p<i>er</i>egall<i>e</i> to a +squyer<i>e</i> of honour<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="pagenum">73</span> +<a name="page73" id="page73"> </a> +<!-- png 195 --> +<span class="sidenote">Serjeants of Law, ex-Mayor of London,</span> +<p>Sargeaund<i>es</i> of lawe / & hym̅ þat hath byñ meyr<i>e</i> of +londoñ aforne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Masters of Chancery,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1068" id="nurture_line_1068">1068</a></span> +<p>and þe mastyrs of þe chauncery, þey may not be forborne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Preachers and Parsons,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +All<i>e</i> p<i>re</i>chers / residencers / and p<i>er</i>sones þat ar +greable,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Apprentices of Law,</span> +<p>Apprentise of lawe In courtis pletable,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Merchants and Franklins.</span> +<p>Marchaund<i>es</i> & Frankloñȝ, worshipfull<i>e</i> & +honorable,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1072" id="nurture_line_1072">1072</a></span> +<p>þey may be set semely at a squyers table.</p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>worthy</i>] royall<i>e</i> <i>is written over</i> worthy.</span> + +<p class="stanza">These <span class="texttag">worthy</span> +Estat<i>es</i> a-foreseid / high of renowne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Each estate or rank shall sit at meat by +itself, not seeing another.</span> +<p>Vche Estate syngulerly in hall<i>e</i> shall<i>e</i> sit a-downe,</p> +<p>that none of hem se othur<i>e</i> / at mete tyme in feld nor in +towne,</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1076" id="nurture_line_1076">1076</a></span> +<p>but vche of þem̅ self in Chambur or in pavilowne.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The Bishop of Canterbury shall be served apart from the Archbishop of +York,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">Y</span>eff þe bischopp<i>e</i> of þe +p<i>ro</i>vynce of Caunturbury</p> +<p>be in þe p<i>re</i>sence of the archebischopp<i>e</i> of yorke +reu<i>er</i>ently,</p> +<p>þeir<i>e</i> s<i>er</i>uice shall<i>e</i> be kou<i>er</i>ed / vche +bisshopp<i>e</i> syngulerly,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and the Metropolitan alone.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1080" id="nurture_line_1080">1080</a></span> +<p>and in þe p<i>re</i>sence of þe metropolytan<i>e</i> none oþ<i>er</i> +sicurly.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The Bishop of York</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +yeff bischopps of yorke p<i>ro</i>vynce be fortune be +syttyng<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote">must not eat before the Primate of +England.</span> +<p>In þe p<i>re</i>sence of þe p<i>ri</i>mate of Englond þañ +beyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>þey must be cou<i>er</i>ed in all<i>e</i> þeyr<i>e</i> +s<i>er</i>uyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1084" id="nurture_line_1084">1084</a></span> +<p>and not in p<i>re</i>sence of þe bischopp<i>e</i> of yorke +þer<i>e</i> apperyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="headnote">USHER AND MARSHAL: OF BLOOD ROYAL AND +PROPERTY.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Sometimes</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">N</span>ow, soñ, y p<i>er</i>ceue þat for +dyu<i>er</i>se cawses / as well<i>e</i> as for ignorau<i>n</i>ce,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">a Marshal is puzzled by</span> +<p>a m<i>er</i>chall<i>e</i> is put oft tymes in gret comberaunce</p> + +<span class="pagenum">74</span> +<a name="page74" id="page74"> </a> +<!-- png 196 --> + +<span class="sidenote">Lords of royal blood being poor,</span> +<p>For som lord<i>es</i> þat ar of blod royall<i>e</i> / & +litell<i>e</i> of lyvelode p<i>er</i> chaunce,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and others not royal being rich;</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1088" id="nurture_line_1088">1088</a></span> +<p>and some of gret lyvelode / & no blode royall<i>e</i> to +avaunce;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +also by a Lady of royal blood marrying a knight,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +And som knyght is weddid / to a lady of royall<i>e</i> blode,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and <i>vice versâ</i>.</span> +<p>and a poor<i>e</i> lady to blod ryall<i>e</i>, manfull<i>e</i> & +myghty of mode:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">The Lady of royal blood shall keep her +rank;</span> +<p>þe lady of blod royall<i>e</i> shall<i>e</i> kepe þe state / þat she +afor<i>e</i> in stode,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the Lady of low blood shall take her husband’s +rank.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1092" id="nurture_line_1092">1092</a></span> +<p>the lady of low blode & degre / kepe her lordis estate, +y make h<i>i</i>t good.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Property is not so worthy as royal blood,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +The substau<i>n</i>ce of lyvelode is not so digne / as is blode +royall<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">so the latter prevails over the former,</span> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>for<i>e</i> blode royall<i>e</i> opteyneth þe +sou<i>er</i>eynte in chambur & in hall<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">for royal blood may become King.</span> +<p>For blode royall<i>e</i> somtyme tiȝt to be kyng<i>e</i> in +pall<i>e</i>;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1096" id="nurture_line_1096">1096</a></span> +<p>of þe which<i>e</i> mater<i>e</i> y meve no more: let god +gou<i>er</i>ne all<i>e</i>!</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The parents of a Pope or Cardinal</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">T</span>here as pope or cardynall<i>e</i> in +þeir<i>e</i> estate beyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>þat hañ fadur & mod<i>ur</i> by their<i>e</i> dayes +lyvyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">must not presume</span> +<p>þeir<i>e</i> fadur or modir ne may in any wise be +p<i>re</i>sumyng<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote">to equality with their son,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1100" id="nurture_line_1100">1100</a></span> +<p>to be egall<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> their<i>e</i> soñ +standyng<i>e</i> ne sittyng<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and must not want to sit by him,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Therfor<i>e</i> fadir ne moder / þey owe not to desire</p> +<p>to sytte or stond by þeyr<i>e</i> son / his state will<i>e</i> +h<i>i</i>t not requir<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">but in a separate room.</span> +<p>but by þem self / a chambur assigned for them sur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1104" id="nurture_line_1104">1104</a></span> +<span class="leftnote"> <br>[Fol. 187 b.]</span> +<p>Vn-to whom vche office ought gladly to do plesur<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +A Marshal must look to the rank of every estate,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +To the birth<i>e</i> of vche estate a m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i> +must se,</p> +<p>and þeñ next of his lyne / for þeyr<i>e</i> dignyte;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">75</span> +<a name="page75" id="page75"> </a> +<!-- png 197 --> + +<p>þen folowyng<i>e</i>, to officers affter<i>e</i> þeir<i>e</i> +degre,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1108" id="nurture_line_1108">1108</a></span> +<p>As chaunceler<i>e</i>, Steward / Chamburleyñ / tresorer<i>e</i> if he +be:</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and do honour to <i>foreign visitors</i></span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Mor<i>e</i> ou<i>er</i> take hede he must / to aliene / co<i>m</i>mers +straungeres,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and residents.</span> +<p>and to straungers of þis land, resi[d]ent dwelleres,</p> +<p>and exalte þem to honour<i>e</i> / if þe be of honest maneres;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1112" id="nurture_line_1112">1112</a></span> +<p>þeñ all<i>e</i> oþ<i>er</i> aft<i>ur</i> þeir<i>e</i> degre / like as +cace requeres.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +A well-trained Marshal</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +In a man<i>er</i>able m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i> þe co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i> +is moost co<i>m</i>mendable</p> + +<span class="sidenote">should think beforehand where to place +strangers at the table.</span> +<p>to haue a for<i>e</i> sight to straungers, to sett þem at þe +table;</p> +<p>For if þey haue gentill<i>e</i> cher<i>e</i> / & gydyng<i>e</i> +man<i>er</i>able,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1116" id="nurture_line_1116">1116</a></span> +<p>þe m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i> doth his sou<i>er</i>eyñ honour<i>e</i> / +& he þe mor<i>e</i> lawdable.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +If the King sends any messenger to your Lord</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Ȝeff þow be a m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i> to any lord of þis land,</p> +<p>yff þe kyng<i>e</i> send to þy sou<i>er</i>eyñ eny his s<i>er</i>uand +by sand,</p> + +<table class="fullsize" summary="formatted text"> +<tr> +<td class="rightline middle"> +<b><a name="nurture_line_1120" id="nurture_line_1120">Yeff</a><br> +he<br> +be a</b></td> +<td> +knyght<br> +Squyer<i>e</i><br> +<p>yomañ of þe crowñ</p> +grome<br> +page<br> +Childe +</td> +<td class="rightline middle"><b>receve<br> +hym<br> +as a</b></td> +<td> +barouñ honorand<br> +<p>knyght w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hand</p> +Squyer<i>e</i><br> +<p>yemañ in maner<i>e</i></p> +<p>grome goodly in fer<i>e</i></p> +<p>grome gentill<i>e</i> lerner<i>e</i>.</p> +</td> +<td class="sidenote"> +receive him one degree higher than his rank.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza">The King’s groom may dine with a Knight +or Marshal,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1125" id="nurture_line_1125">1125</a></span> +<p>¶ hit rebuketh not a knyght / þe knyg<i>es</i> grome to sytte at his +table,</p> +<p>no mor<i>e</i> hit doth<i>e</i> a m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i> of maners +plesable;</p> +<p>and so from̅ þe hiest degre / to be lowest honorable,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1128" id="nurture_line_1128">1128</a></span> +<p>if þe m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i> haue a sight þ<i>er</i>to, he is +co<i>m</i>mendable.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">76</span> +<a name="page76" id="page76"> </a> +<!-- png 198 --> + +<span class="headnote">THE DIFFERENCES OF MEN EQUAL IN RANK.</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +A Marshal must also understand the rank of County and Borough +officers,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Wisdom woll<i>e</i> a m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i> man<i>er</i>abely +þ<i>a</i>t he vndirstand</p> +<p>all<i>e</i> þe worshipfull<i>e</i> officers of the comunialte of þis +land,</p> +<p>of Shires / Citees / borowes; like as þey ar ruland,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1132" id="nurture_line_1132">1132</a></span> +<p>þey must be sett aft<i>ur</i> þeir<i>e</i> astate dewe in degre as +þey stand.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_property" id="nurture_property"> +¶ hit belongeth<i>e</i> to a m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i> to haue a +for<i>e</i> sight</a></p> +<p>of all<i>e</i> estatis of þis land in eu<i>er</i>y place pight,</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 188.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote">and that a Knight of blood and property</span> +<p>For þestate of a knyght of blode, lyvelode, & myght,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">is above a poor Knight,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1136" id="nurture_line_1136">1136</a></span> +<p>is not p<i>er</i>egall<i>e</i> to a symple & a poouere +knyght.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +the Mayor of London</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Also þe meyr<i>e</i> of londoñ, notable of dignyte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">above the Mayor of Queenborough,</span> +<p>and of queneborow<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_269" id="nurture_tag_269" href="#nurture_note_269">269</a> þe meir<i>e</i>, no +þyng<i>e</i> like in degre,</p> +<p>at one messe þey owght in no wise to sitt ne be;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1140" id="nurture_line_1140">1140</a></span> +<p>hit no þyng<i>e</i> besemeth<i>e</i> / þ<i>er</i>for<i>e</i> to suche +semble ye se /</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +the Abbot of Westminster</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Also þe abbote of Westmynster<i>e</i>, þe hiest of þ<i>is</i> lande +/</p> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 188 a.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote">above the poor Abbot of Tintern,</span> +<p>The abbot of tynterne<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_270" id="nurture_tag_270" href="#nurture_note_270">270</a> þe poorest, y +vndirstande,</p> +<p>þey ar boþe abbot<i>es</i> of name, & not lyke of fame to +fande;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">77</span> +<a name="page77" id="page77"> </a> +<!-- png 199 --> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1144" id="nurture_line_1144">1144</a></span> +<p>ȝet Tynterne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> Westmynster shall<i>e</i> +nowþ<i>er</i> sitte ne stande.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +the Prior of Canterbury</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Also þe Pryour<i>e</i> of Caunturbury,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_271" id="nurture_tag_271" href="#nurture_note_271">271</a> a cheff churche of dignyte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">above the Prior of Dudley,</span> +<p>And þe priour<i>e</i> of Dudley,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_272" id="nurture_tag_272" href="#nurture_note_272">272</a> no þyng<i>e</i> so digne +as he:—</p> +<p>ȝet may not þe priour<i>e</i> of dudley, symple of degre,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1148" id="nurture_line_1148">1148</a></span> +<p>Sitte w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe priour<i>e</i> of Caunturbury: þ<i>er</i> +is why, a dyu<i>er</i>site.</p> + +<p class="stanza">¶ And reme<i>m</i>br<i>e</i> eu<i>er</i>mor<i>e</i> +/ añ rule þ<i>er</i> is generall<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">the Prior who is Prelate of a Cathedral +Church</span> +<p>A p<i>ri</i>our<i>e</i> þat is a p<i>re</i>late of any churche +Cathedrall<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">above any Abbot or Prior of his diocese,</span> +<p>above abbot or priour<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-in the diocise sitte +he shall<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1152" id="nurture_line_1152">1152</a></span> +<p>In churche / in chapell<i>e</i> / in chambur / & in +hall<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +a Doctor of 12 years’ standing</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Right so reu<i>er</i>end docturs, degre of xij. yer<i>e</i>, þem ye +must assigne</p> + +<span class="sidenote">above one of 9 (though the latter be the +richer),</span> +<p>to sitte aboue hym / þat co<i>m</i>mensed hath but .ix.</p> +<p>and þaugh<i>e</i> þe yonger may larger spend gold red & fyne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1156" id="nurture_line_1156">1156</a></span> +<p>ȝet shall<i>e</i> þe eldur sitte aboue / wheþ<i>ur</i> he drynke or +dyne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +the old Aldermen</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ like wise the aldremen, ȝef þey be eny wher<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">78</span> +<a name="page78" id="page78"> </a> +<!-- png 200 --> + +<span class="sidenote">above the young ones, and</span> +<p>þe yonger<i>e</i> shall<i>e</i> sitte or stande benethe þe elder riȝt +þer<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">1. the Master of a craft,</span> +<p>and of eu<i>er</i>y crafft þe mastir aftur rule & +maner<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">2. the ex-warden.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1160" id="nurture_line_1160">1160</a></span> +<p>and þeñ þe eldest of þem, þ<i>a</i>t wardeñ was þe for<i>e</i> +yer<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="headnote">THE DUTIES OF THE USHER AND MARSHAL.</span> + +<p class="stanza">¶ Soche poyntes, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> many +oþ<i>er</i>, belongeth<i>e</i> to a m<i>er</i>shall;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Before every feast, then, think what people are +coming, and settle what their order of precedence is to be.</span> +<p>þerfor<i>e</i> whensoeu<i>er</i> your<i>e</i> sovereyñ a feest make +shall,</p> +<p>demeene what estates shall<i>e</i> sitte in the hall,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1164" id="nurture_line_1164">1164</a></span> +<p>þañ resoñ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your<i>e</i> self lest your<i>e</i> lord +yow call<i>e</i>;</p> + +<p class="stanza">¶ Thus may ye devise your<i>e</i> +marshallyng<i>e</i>, like as y yow ler<i>e</i>,</p> +<p><ins class="mycorr" title="blank space in original"> + </ins> þe honour<i>e</i> and worshipp<i>e</i> of your<i>e</i> +sou<i>er</i>eyñ eu<i>er</i>y wher<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">If in doubt, ask</span> +<p>And ȝeff ye haue eny dowt / eu<i>er</i> looke þ<i>a</i>t ye +enquer<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">your lord or the chief officer,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1168" id="nurture_line_1168">1168</a></span> +<p>Resorte eu<i>er</i> to your<i>e</i> souereyn<i>e</i> / or to þe cheff +officer<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and then you’ll do wrong to no one,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Thus shall<i>e</i> ye to any state / do wronge ne +pr<i>e</i>iudice,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">but set all</span> +<p>to sette eu<i>er</i>y p<i>er</i>sone accordyng<i>e</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owteñ mys,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">according to their birth and dignity.</span> +<p>as aftur þe birthe / livelode / dignite / a-fore y taught yow +this,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1172" id="nurture_line_1172">1172</a></span> +<p>all<i>e</i> degrees of high<i>e</i> officer<i>e</i>, & worthy as +he is.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Now I have told you of</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_summary" id="nurture_summary">¶ <span class="largecap">N</span>ow good soñ</a>, y hau<i>e</i> shewed the / & +brought þe in vre,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Court Manners, how to manage</span> +<p>to know þe Curtesie of court / & these þow may take in +cur<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">in Pantry, Buttery, Carving,</span> +<p>In pantry / botery / or celler<i>e</i> / & in kervyng<i>e</i> +a-for<i>e</i> a sovereyn<i>e</i> demewr<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and as Sewer, and Marshal,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1176" id="nurture_line_1176">1176</a></span> +<p>A sewer / or a m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i>: in þes science / +y suppose ye byñ sewr<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">79</span> +<a name="page79" id="page79"> </a> +<!-- png 201 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +as I learnt with a Royal Prince</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Which in my dayes y lernyd with<i>e</i> a prynce full<i>e</i> +royall<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">whose Usher and Marshal I was.</span> +<p>with whom̅ vscher<i>e</i> in chambur was y, & +m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i> also in hall<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">All other officers</span> +<p>vnto whom̅ all<i>e</i> þese officer<i>es</i> for<i>e</i>seid / þey +eu<i>er</i> ente<i>n</i>d<i>e</i> shall<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">have to obey me.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1180" id="nurture_line_1180">1180</a></span> +<p>Evir to fulfill<i>e</i> my co<i>m</i>maundement wheñ þat y to þem +call<i>e</i>:</p> + +<span class="headnote">THE USHER AND MARSHAL IS THE CHIEF +OFFICER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Our office is the chief,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +For we may allow & dissalow / our<i>e</i> office is þe cheeff</p> + +<span class="sidenote">whether the Cook likes it or not.</span> +<p>In celler<i>e</i> & spicery / & the Cooke, be he +looth<i>e</i> or leeff.<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_273" id="nurture_tag_273" href="#nurture_note_273">273</a></p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza">All these offices may be filled by one +man,</span> +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 188 b.]</span> +<p>¶ <span class="midcap">T</span>hus þe diligences of dyu<i>er</i>se +officeȝ y haue shewed to þe allone,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1184" id="nurture_line_1184">1184</a></span> +<p>the which science may be shewed & dooñ by a +syng<i>e</i>l<i>er</i><a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_274" id="nurture_tag_274" href="#nurture_note_274">274</a> p<i>er</i>sone;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">but a Prince’s dignity requires each office to +have its officer, and a servant under him,</span> +<p>but þe dignyte of a prince req<i>ui</i>reth<i>e</i> vche office must +haue ooñ</p> +<p>to be rewler<i>e</i> in his rome / a s<i>er</i>uand hym̅ +waytyng<i>e</i> oñ.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +(all knowing their duties perfectly)</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Moor<i>e</i>-ou<i>er</i> h<i>i</i>t requireth<i>e</i> eu<i>er</i>ich +of þem in office to haue p<i>er</i>fite science,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1188" id="nurture_line_1188">1188</a></span> +<p>For dowt and drede doyng<i>e</i> his souereyñ displicence,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">to wait on their Lord and please his +guests.</span> +<p>hym to attende, and his gest<i>is</i> to plese in place wher<i>e</i> +þey ar p<i>re</i>sence,</p> +<p>that his souereyñ þrough<i>e</i> his s<i>er</i>uice may make grete +co<i>n</i>gaudence.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Don’t fear to serve a prince;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ For a prynce to s<i>er</i>ue, ne dowt he not / and god be his +spede!</p> + +<span class="pagenum">80</span> +<a name="page80" id="page80"> </a> +<!-- png 202 --> + +<span class="sidenote">take good heed to your duties,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1192" id="nurture_line_1192">1192</a></span> +<p>Furþ<i>er</i> þañ his office / & þ<i>er</i>-to let hym̅ take good +hede,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">watch,</span> +<p>and his warde wayte wisely // & eu<i>er</i>mor<i>e</i> +þ<i>er</i>-in haue drede;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and you need not fear.</span> +<p>Þus doyng<i>e</i> his dewte dewly, to dowte he shall<i>e</i> not +nede.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Tasting</i> is done only for those of royal blood,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ <span class="midcap">T</span>astyng<i>e</i> and credence<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_275" id="nurture_tag_275" href="#nurture_note_275">275</a> longeth<i>e</i> to blode & birth +royall<i>e</i>,<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_276" id="nurture_tag_276" href="#nurture_note_276">276</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">as a Pope,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1196" id="nurture_line_1196">1196</a></span> +<p>As pope / emp<i>er</i>our<i>e</i> / E<i>m</i>p<i>er</i>atrice, and +Cardynall<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">King,</span> +<p>kyng<i>e</i> / queene / prynce / Archebischoppe in palle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Duke, and Earl: not below.</span> +<p>Duke / Erle and no mo / þat y to remembraunce / calle.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Tasting is done for fear of poison;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ <span class="midcap">C</span>redence is vsed, & tastyng<i>e</i>, +for drede of poysenyng<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1200" id="nurture_line_1200">1200</a></span> +<p>To all<i>e</i> officers y-sworne / and grete oth<i>e</i> by +chargyng<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">therefore keep your room secure, and close your +safe, for fear of tricks.</span> +<p>þ<i>er</i>for<i>e</i> vche mañ in office kepe his rome sewr<i>e</i>, +closyng<i>e</i></p> +<p>Cloos howse / chest / & gardevyañ<a class="tag" name="nurture_tag_277" id="nurture_tag_277" href="#nurture_note_277">277</a>, for drede of congettyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +A Prince’s Steward and Chamberlain</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ <span class="midcap">S</span>teward and Chamburlayñ of a +p<i>r</i>ince of royalte,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1204" id="nurture_line_1204">1204</a></span> +<p>þey haue / knowleche of homages, s<i>er</i>uice, and fewte;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">have the oversight of all offices</span> +<p>so þey haue ou<i>er</i>sight of eu<i>er</i>y office / aft<i>ur</i> +þeir<i>e</i> degre,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">81</span> +<a name="page81" id="page81"> </a> +<!-- png 203 --> + +<span class="sidenote">and of tasting,</span> +<p>by wrytyng<i>e</i> þe knowleche / & þe Credence to +ou<i>er</i>se;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and they must</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Therfore in makyng<i>e</i> of his credence, it is to drede, +y sey,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">tell the Marshal, Sewer, and Carver</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1208" id="nurture_line_1208">1208</a></span> +<p>To m<i>er</i>shall<i>e</i> / sew<i>e</i>r<i>e</i><a class="tag" +name="nurture_tag_278" id="nurture_tag_278" href="#nurture_note_278">278</a> and kerver<i>e</i> þey must allowte +allwey,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">how to do it.</span> +<p>to teche hym̅ of his office / þe credence hym to prey:</p> +<p>þus shall<i>e</i> he not stond in makyng<i>e</i> of his credence in +no fray.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +I don’t propose to write more on this matter.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_youth" id="nurture_youth"> +¶ <span class="midcap">M</span>oor<i>e</i> of þis +co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i> y Cast not me to contreve:</a></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1212" id="nurture_line_1212">1212</a></span> +<p>my tyme is not to tary, hit drawest fast to eve.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">I tried this treatise myself, in my +youth,</span> +<p>þis tretyse þat y haue entitled, if it ye entende to +p<i>re</i>ve,</p> +<p>y assayed me self in youth<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outeñ any +greve.</p> + +<p class="stanza">while y was yong<i>e</i> y-nough<i>e</i> & lusty +in dede,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and enjoyed these matters,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1216" id="nurture_line_1216">1216</a></span> +<p>y enioyed þese maters foreseid / & to lerne y toke good hede;</p> + +<span class="sidenote">but now age compels me to leave the +court;</span> +<p>but croked age hath<i>e</i> co<i>m</i>pelled me / & leue court y +must nede.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">so try yourself.”</span> +<p>þerfor<i>e</i>, son<i>e</i>, assay thy self / & god shall<i>e</i> +be þy spede.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +“Blessing on you, Father,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“<span class="largecap">N</span>ow feir<i>e</i> falle yow, fadur / +& blessid mote ye be,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">for this your teaching of me!</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1220" id="nurture_line_1220">1220</a></span> +<p>For þis comenyng<i>e</i> / & þe co<i>n</i>nyng<i>e</i> / þat y[e] +haue her<i>e</i> shewed me!</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Now I shall dare to serve</span> +<p>now dar y do s<i>er</i>uice diligent / to dyu<i>er</i>s of +dignyte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">where before I was afraid.</span> +<p>wher<i>e</i> for scantnes of conny<i>n</i>g<i>e</i> y durst no mañ +y-se.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">82</span> +<a name="page82" id="page82"> </a> +<!-- png 204 --> + +<span class="leftnote">[Fol. 189.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +I will try, and shall learn by practice.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +So p<i>er</i>fitely seth<i>e</i> y hit p<i>er</i>ceue / my parte y +woll<i>e</i> p<i>re</i>ue and assay; /</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1224" id="nurture_line_1224">1224</a></span> +<p>boþe by practike and ex<i>er</i>cise / yet som good lerne y may:</p> + +<span class="sidenote">May God reward you for +teaching me!”</span> +<p>and for your<i>e</i> gentill<i>e</i> lernyng<i>e</i> / y am +bound eu<i>er</i> to pray</p> +<p>that our<i>e</i> lorde rewarde you in blis that lasteth aye.”</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +“Good son, and all</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“<span class="largecap">N</span>ow good soñ, thy self +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> other þ<i>a</i>t shall<i>e</i> þe succede,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">readers of this <i>Boke of Nurture</i>,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1228" id="nurture_line_1228">1228</a></span> +<p>which<i>e</i> þus boke of nurtur<i>e</i> shall<i>e</i> note / lerne, +& ou<i>er</i> rede,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">pray for the soul of me, John Russell,</span> +<p>pray for the sowle of Iohñ Russell<i>e</i>, þat god do hym mede,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">(servant of Humphrey, Duke of +Gloucester;)</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +The <i>duc</i> has a red stroke through it, probably to cut it +out.</span> + +<p>Som tyme s<i>er</i>uaunde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> duke vmfrey, <span class="texttag">duc</span> of Glowcet<i>ur</i> in dede.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +also for the Duke,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +For þat prynce pereles prayeth<i>e</i> / & for suche +other mo,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">my wife, father, and mother,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1232" id="nurture_line_1232">1232</a></span> +<p>þe sowle of my wife / my fadur and modir also,</p> +<p>vn-to Mary modyr and mayd / she fende us from owr<i>e</i> foe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">that we may all go to bliss when we +die.”</span> +<p>and bryng<i>e</i> vs all<i>e</i> to blis wheñ we shall<i>e</i> hens +goo.</p> + +<p class="right"><b>AMEN</b>.”</p> + +<span class="headnote">IOHN RUSSELLS REQUEST TO THE READER.</span> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Little book, commend me</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="nurture_envoy" id="nurture_envoy"><b>Go forth<i>e</i></b> +lytell<i>e</i> boke</a>, and lowly þow me co<i>m</i>mende</p> + +<span class="sidenote">to all learners,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1236" id="nurture_line_1236">1236</a></span> +<p>vnto all<i>e</i> yong<i>e</i> gentilmeñ / þ<i>a</i>t lust to lerne or +entende,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and to the experienced, whom I pray to +correct</span> +<p>and specially to þem þat han exsperience, p<i>ra</i>yng<i>e</i> þe[m] +to amend<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote">its faults.</span> +<p>and correcte þat is amysse, þer<i>e</i> as y fawte or offende.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Any such,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ And if so þat any be founde / as þrouȝ myñ necligence,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">83</span> +<a name="page83" id="page83"> </a> +<!-- png 205 --> +<span class="sidenote">put to my copying,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1240" id="nurture_line_1240">1240</a></span> +<p>Cast þe cawse oñ my copy / rude / & bar<i>e</i> of eloquence,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">which I have done as I best could.</span> +<p>which<i>e</i> to drawe out [I] haue do my besy diligence,</p> +<p>redily to reforme hit / by resoñ and bettur sentence.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The transcriber is not to blame;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ As for ryme or resoñ, þe for<i>e</i>wryter was not to blame,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">he copied what was before him,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1244" id="nurture_line_1244">1244</a></span> +<p>For as he founde hit aforne hym̅, so wrote he þe same,</p> +<p>and þaugh<i>e</i> he or y in our<i>e</i> mater<i>e</i> digres or +degrade,</p> + +<span class="sidenote">and neither of us wrote it,</span> +<p>blame neithur of vs / For we neuyr<i>e</i> hit made;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +I only corrected the rhyme.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Symple as y had insight / somwhat þe ryme y correcte;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="nurture_line_1248" id="nurture_line_1248">1248</a></span> +<p>blame y cowde no mañ / y haue no p<i>er</i>sone suspecte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">God! grant us grace</span> +<p>Now, good god, graunt vs grace / our<i>e</i> sowles neu<i>er</i> to +Infecte!</p> + +<span class="sidenote">to rule in Heaven with Thine elect!</span> +<p>þañ may we regne in þi regiou<i>n</i> / et<i>er</i>nally +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thyne electe.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div verse --> + +<p> </p> + +<p class="textnote"> +[Some word or words in large black letter have been cut off at the +bottom of the page.]</p> + +</div> <!-- end div nurture --> + +<span class="pagenum">84</span> +<a name="page84" id="page84"> </a> +<!-- png 206 --> + +<h4><a name="nurture_notes" id="nurture_notes">NOTES.</a></h4> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p class="mynote"> +Numbering of linenotes does not always correspond exactly to a word’s +place in the main text. References that are off by only a line or two +have not been corrected.</p> + +<div class="linenote"> +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_11" id="nurture_linenote_11" href="#nurture_line_11">l. 11-12.</a> +John Russell lets off his won’t-learns very easily. Willyam Bulleyn had +a different treatment for them. See the extract from him on <a href="#neckeweede">“Boxyng & Neckweede”</a> after these <i>Notes</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_49" id="nurture_linenote_49" href="#nurture_line_49">l. 49.</a> +See the interesting “Lord Fairfax’s Orders for the Servants of his +Houshold” [after the Civil Wars], in Bishop Percy’s notes to the +Northumberland Household Book, p. 421-4, ed. 1827.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_51" id="nurture_linenote_51" href="#nurture_line_51">l. 51.</a> +Chip. ‘other .ij. pages ... them oweth to chippe bredde, but not too nye +the crumme.’ <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 71-2. The “Chippings of +Trencher-Brede” in Lord Percy’s household were used “for the fedyinge of +my lords houndis.” <i>Percy H. Book</i>, p. 353.</p> + +<p>“<i>Non comedas crustam, colorem quia gignit adustam</i> ... the +Authour in this Text warneth vs, to beware of crusts eating, because +they ingender a-dust cholor, or melancholly humours, by reason that they +bee burned and dry. And therefore great estates the which be +[<i>orig.</i> the] chollerick of nature, cause the crustes aboue and +beneath to be chipped away; wherfore the pith or crumme should be +chosen, the which is of a greater nourishment then the crust.” +<i>Regimen Sanitatis Salerni</i>, ed. 1634, p. 71. Fr. +<i>chapplis</i>, bread-chippings. Cotgrave. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_84">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="nurture_linenote_52" id="nurture_linenote_52" href="#nurture_line_52">l. 52.</a> +<i>Trencher.</i> The College servant ‘Scrape Trencher,’ R. Holme, +Bk. III., Chap. iv., p. 099 [199], notes the change of material +from bread to wood. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_85">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="nurture_linenote_56" id="nurture_linenote_56" href="#nurture_line_56">l. 56.</a> +<i>Trencher bread.</i> <span class="smallcaps">Item</span> that the +<i>Trencher Brede</i> be maid of the Meale as it cummyth frome the +Milne. <i>Percy Household Book</i>, p. 58.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_66" id="nurture_linenote_66" href="#nurture_line_66">l. 66.</a> +Cannell, a Spout, a tap, a cocke in a conduit. <i>Epistomium. +Vne canelle, vn robinet.</i> Baret.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_68" id="nurture_linenote_68" href="#nurture_line_68">l. 68.</a> +Faucet. Also he [the yeoman of the Butler of Ale] asketh allowaunce for +tubbys, treyes, and <i>faucettes</i>, occupied all the yeare before. +<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 77.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_74" id="nurture_linenote_74" href="#nurture_line_74">l. 74.</a> +<i>Figs.</i> A. Borde, <i>Introduction</i>, assigns the gathering +of figs to “the Mores whych do dwel in Barbary,” ... “and christen men +do by them, & they wil be diligent and wyl do al maner of seruice, +but they be set most comonli to vile things; they be called slaues, thei +do gader grapes and <i>fygges</i>, and with some of the <i>fygges</i> +they wyl wip ther tayle, & put them in the frayle.” Figs he mentions +under Judæa. “Iury is called y<sup>e</sup> lande of Iude, it is a noble +countre of ryches, plenty of wine & corne ... <i>Figges</i> and +Raysions, & all other frutes.” In his <i>Regyment</i>, fol. M. iii., +Borde says of ‘Fygges ... They doth stere a man to veneryous actes, for +they doth auge and increase the seede of generacion. And also they doth +prouoke a man to sweate: wherfore they doth ingendre lyce.’</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_74a" id="nurture_linenote_74a" href="#nurture_line_74">ll. 74-95.</a> +<i>Chese.</i> ‘there is iiij. sortes of Chese, which is to say, grene +Chese, softe chese, harde chese, or spermyse. Grene chese is not called +grene by y<sup>e</sup> reason of colour, but for y<sup>e</sup> newnes of +it, for the whay is not half pressed out of it, and in operacion it is +colde and moyste. Softe chese not to new nor to olde, is best, for in +operacion it is hote and moyste. +<span class="pagenum">85</span> +<a name="page85" id="page85"> </a> +<!-- png 207 --> +Harde chese is hote and drye, and euyll to dygest. Spermyse is a Chese +the whiche is made with curdes and with the Iuce of herbes.... Yet +besydes these .iiij natures of chese, there is a chese called a Irweue +[rewene, ed. 1567] chese, the whiche, if it be well ordered, doth passe +all other cheses, none excesse taken.’ A. Borde, <i>Reg.</i> fol. +I. i. See <a href="#nurture_linenote_85">note on +l. 85</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_77" id="nurture_linenote_77" href="#nurture_line_77">l. 77.</a> +In his chapter <i>Of Prunes and Damysens</i>, Andrew Borde says, Syxe or +seuen Damysens eaten before dyner, be good to prouoke a ma<i>n</i>nes +appetyde; they doth mollyfie the bely, and be abstersyue, the skynne and +the stones must be ablated and cast away, and not vsed. <i>Regyment</i>, +N. i. b. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_6">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="nurture_linenote_78" id="nurture_linenote_78" href="#nurture_line_78">l. 78</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_83">83</a>. The Bill-berry or <i>Windberry</i>, +R. Holme, Bk. II., p. 52, col. 1; p. 79, col. 1; three +Wharl Berries or Bill-Berries ... They are termed Whortle Berries or +<i>Wind Berries</i>, p. 81, col. 2. § xxviii. See the prose +Burlesques, <i>Reliq. Antiq.</i>, v. 1, p. 82. Why hopes thu +nott for sothe that ther stode wonus a coke on Seynt Pale stepull toppe, +and drewe up the strapuls of his brech. How preves thu that? Be all the +.iiij. doctors of <i>Wynbere hylles</i>, that is to saye, Vertas, +Gadatryme, Trumpas, and Dadyltrymsert.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_79" id="nurture_linenote_79" href="#nurture_line_79">l. 79.</a> +<i>Fruits.</i> These officers make provysyons in seasons of the yere +accordynge for fruytes to be had of the Kinges gardynes withoute prises; +as cherryes, peares, apples, nuttes greete and smalle, for somer season; +and lenten, wardens, quinces and other; and also of presentes gevyn to +the Kinge; they be pourveyours of <i>blaundrelles</i>, pepyns, and of +all other fruytes. <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 82.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_80" id="nurture_linenote_80" href="#nurture_line_80">l. 80.</a> +Mr Dawson Turner’s argument that the “ad album pulverem” of the +Leicester Roll, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1265, was white +sugar pounded (Pref. to Household Expenses, ed. 1841, p. li., +proves only that the <i>xiiij lib. Zucari</i> there mentioned, were not +bought for making <i>White powder</i> only.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_81" id="nurture_linenote_81" href="#nurture_line_81">ll. 81-93.</a> +<i>Crayme.</i> ‘Rawe crayme undecocted, eaten with strawberyes, or +hurttes, is a rurall mannes ba<i>n</i>ket. I haue knowe<i>n</i> +such bankettes hath put me<i>n</i> i<i>n</i> ieobardy of theyr lyues.’ +A. Borde, <i>Regyment</i>, fol. I. ij.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_82" id="nurture_linenote_82" href="#nurture_line_82">l. 82</a>, <a href="#nurture_line_93">l. 93</a>. +Junket. The auncient manner of grateful suitors, who, hauing prevailed, +were woont to present the Judges, or the Reporters, of their causes, +with Comfets or other <i>Jonkets</i>. Cotgrave, w. <i>espice</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_85" id="nurture_linenote_85" href="#nurture_line_85">l. 85.</a> +Cheese. Whan stone pottes be broken, what is better to glew them againe +or make them fast, nothing like the Symunt made of Cheese; know therfore +it will quickly build a stone in a drie body, which is ful of choler +adust. And here in Englande be diuers kindes of Cheeses, as Suff. Essex, +Banburie .&c. according to their places & feeding of their +cattel, time of y<sup>e</sup> yere, layre of their Kine, clenlinesse of +their Dayres, quantitie of their Butter; for the more Butter, the worse +Cheese. <i>Bullein</i>, fol. lxxxv.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_89" id="nurture_linenote_89" href="#nurture_line_89">l. 89.</a> +<i>Butter.</i> A. Borde, <i>Introduction</i>, makes the +<i>Flemynge</i> say,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Buttermouth Flemyng, men doth me call.</p> +<p>Butter is good meate, it doth relent the gall.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_94" id="nurture_linenote_94" href="#nurture_line_94">l. 94.</a> +<i>Posset</i> is hot Milk poured on Ale or Sack, having Sugar, grated +Bisket, Eggs, with other ingredients boiled in it, which goes all to a +Curd. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_94a" id="nurture_linenote_94a" href="#nurture_line_94">l. 94.</a> +<i>Poset</i> ale is made with hote mylke and colde ale; it is a +temperate drynke. A. Borde, <i>Reg. G.</i> iij.</p> + +<p class="notation"> +<a href="#nurture_linenote_52">Note on line 52</a> was originally +printed here, labeled “<a name="nurture_linenote_98" id="nurture_linenote_98">l. 98</a>”.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">86</span> +<a name="page86" id="page86"> </a> +<!-- png 208 --> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_105" id="nurture_linenote_105" href="#nurture_line_105">l. 105.</a> +Hot wines & sweet or confectioned with spices, or very strong Ale or +Beere, is not good at meales, for thereby the meat is rather corrupted +then digested, and they make <i>hot and stinking vapours</i> to ascend +vp to the braines. Sir Jn. Harrington. <i>Pres. of Health</i>, 1624, +p. 23.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_109" id="nurture_linenote_109" href="#nurture_line_109">l. 109.</a> +Reboyle. ‘If any wynes be corrupted, <i>reboyled</i>, or unwholsome for +mannys body, then by the comtroller it to be shewed at the counting +bourde, so that by assent all suche pypes or vesselles defectife be +dampned and cast uppon the losses of the seyd chiefe Butler.’ <i>H. +Ord.</i> p. 73.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_109a" id="nurture_linenote_109a" href="#nurture_line_109">l. 109.</a> +Lete, leek. ‘Purveyours of Wyne ... to ride and oversee the places there +as the Kinges wynes be lodged, that it be saufely kept from peril of +<i>leeking</i> and breaking of vessels, or lacke of hoopinge or other +couperage, and all other crafte for the rackinge, coynynge, rebatinge, +and other salvations of wynes, &c.’ <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 74.</p> + +<p class="center"><a name="nurture_linenote_wine" id="nurture_linenote_wine"> +<span class="smallroman">SWETE WYNES</span></a>, p. 8, <a name="nurture_linenote_118" id="nurture_linenote_118" href="#nurture_line_118">l. 118-20</a>.*</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_alpha" id="nurture_linenote_wine_alpha"> +α. Generally:</a></p> + +<p>Halliwell gives under <i>Piment</i> the following list of wines from +MS. Rawlinson. C. 86.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Malmasyes</i>, <i>Tires</i>, and <i>Rumneys</i>,</p> +<p>With <i>Caperikis</i>, Campletes†, and <i>Osueys</i>,</p> +<p><i>Vernuge</i>, <i>Cute</i>, and <i>Raspays</i> also,</p> +<p>Whippet and Pyngmedo, that that ben lawyers therto;</p> +<p>And I will have also wyne de Ryne,</p> +<p>With new maid <i>Clarye</i>, that is good and fyne,</p> +<p><i>Muscadell</i>, <i>Terantyne</i>, and <i>Bastard</i>,</p> +<p>With <i>Ypocras</i> and <i>Pyment</i> comyng afterwarde.</p> + +<p class="right">MS. Rawl. C. 86.</p> +</div> + +<p>And under <i>Malvesyne</i> this:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Ye shall have Spayneche wyne and Gascoyne,</p> +<p><i>Rose coloure</i>, whyt, <i>claret</i>, rampyon,</p> +<p><i>Tyre</i>, <i>capryck</i>, and <i>malvesyne</i>,</p> +<p>Sak, <i>raspyce</i>, alycaunt, <i>rumney</i>,</p> +<p><i>Greke</i>, <i>ipocrase</i>, new made <i>clary</i>,</p> +<p>Suche as ye never had.</p> + +<p class="right">Interlude of the Four Elements (no date).</p> +</div> + +<p class="footnote"> +* See <i>Maison Rustique</i> or The Country Farme, p. 630-1, as to +the qualities of Sweet Wines.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +† See <a href="#keruyng_note_campolet"><i>Campolet</i></a> +in “The Boke of Keruyng.”</p> + +<p>Of the wine drunk in England in Elizabeth’s time, Harrison +(Holinshed’s Chron. v. 1, p. 167, col. 2, ed. 1586) says, “As +all estates doo exceed herin, I meane for strangenesse and number +of costlie dishes, so these forget not to vse the like excesse in wine, +in so much as there is no kind to be had (neither anie where more store +of all sorts than in England, although we have none growing with us, but +yearlie to the proportion of 20,000 or 30,000 tun and vpwards, +notwithstanding the dailie restreincts of the same brought over vnto vs) +wherof at great meetings there is not some store to be had. Neither do I +meane this of small wines onlie, as <i>Claret</i>, White, Red, French, +<span class="pagenum">87</span> +<a name="page87" id="page87"> </a> +<!-- png 209 --> +&c., which amount to about fiftie-six sorts, according to the number +of regions from whence they come: but also of the thirtie kinds of +Italian, Grecian, Spanish, Canarian, &c., whereof <i>Vernage</i>, +<i>Cate</i>, <i>pument</i>, <i>Raspis</i>, <i>Muscadell</i>, +<i>Romnie</i>, <i>Bastard</i>, <i>Tire</i>, <i>Oseie</i>, +<i>Caprike</i>, <i>Clareie</i>, and <i>Malmesie</i>, are not least of +all accompted of, bicause of their strength and valure. For as I haue +said in meat, so the stronger the wine is, the more it is desired, by +means wherof in old time, the best was called <i>Theologicum</i>, +because it was had from the cleargie and religious men, vnto whose +houses manie of the laitie would often send for bottels filled with the +same, being sure that they would neither drinke nor be serued of the +worst, or such as was anie waies mingled or brued by the vintener: naie +the merchant would haue thought that his soul<i>e</i> should haue gone +streight-waie to the diuell, if he should haue serued them with other +than the best.”</p> + +<p>On Wine, see also Royal Rolls, B.M. 14 B. xix.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_beta" id="nurture_linenote_wine_beta"> +β. Specially:</a> The following extracts are from Henderson’s <i>History +of Ancient and Modern Wines</i>, 1824, except where otherwise +stated:—</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_1" id="nurture_linenote_wine_1">1.</a> +<i>Vernage</i> was a red wine, of a bright colour, and a sweetish and +somewhat rough flavour, which was grown in Tuscany and other parts of +Italy, and derived its name from the thick-skinned grape, +<i>vernaccia</i> (corresponding with the <i>vinaciola</i> of the +ancients), that was used in the preparation of it (See Bacci. Nat. +Vinor. Hist., p. 20, 62). It is highly praised by Redi.*</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +* Vernage was made in the Genoese territory. The best was grown at San +Gemignano, and in Bacci’s time was in great request at Rome. The wine +known as Vernaccia in Tuscany was always of a white or golden colour. +<i>Henderson</i>, p. 396.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_2" id="nurture_linenote_wine_2">2.</a> +<i>Vernagelle</i> is not mentioned by Henderson. The name shows it to +have been a variety of Vernage.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_3" id="nurture_linenote_wine_3">3.</a> +<a href="#nurture_line_118">l. 118.</a> +<i>Cute.</i> “As for the <i>cuit</i> named in Latin Sapa, it commeth +neere to the nature of wine, and in truth nothing els it is, but Must or +new wine boiled til one third part and no more do remain; & this +<i>cuit</i>, if it be made of white Must is counted the better.” +<i>Holland’s Plinies Nat. Hist.</i>, p. 157. “(of the dried grape +or raisin which they call Astaphis).... The sweet <i>cuit</i> which is +made thereof hath a speciall power and virtue against the Hæmorrhois +alone, of all other serpents,” p. 148. “Of new pressed wine is made +the wine called <i>Cute</i>, in Latin, <i>Sapa</i>; and it is by boiling +the new pressed wine so long, as till that there remaine but one of +three parts. Of new pressed wine is also made another <i>Cute</i>, +called of the Latines <i>Defrutum</i>, and this is by boiling of the new +wine onely so long, as till the halfe part be consumed, and the rest +become of the thicknesse of honey.” <i>Maison Rustique</i>, p. 622. +‘Cute. A.S. <i>Cæren</i>, L. <i>carenum</i>, wine boiled down one-third, +and sweetened.’ Cockayne, Gloss. to Leechdoms.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_4" id="nurture_linenote_wine_4">4.</a> +<i>Pyment.</i> In order to cover the harshness and acidity common to the +greater part of the wines of this period, and to give them an agreeable +flavour, it was not unusual to mix honey and spices with them. Thus +compounded they passed under the generic name of <i>piments</i>,† +probably because they were +<span class="pagenum">88</span> +<a name="page88" id="page88"> </a> +<!-- png 210 --> +originally prepared by the <i>pigmentarii</i> or apothecaries; and they +were used much in the same manner as the <i>liqueurs</i> of modern +times. <i>Hend.</i> p. 283.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +† See the recipe for making Piment in Halliwell’s Dictionary, s.v.</p> + +<p>The varieties of Piment most frequently mentioned are the</p> + +<p><i>Hippocras & Clarry.</i> The former was made with either white +or red wine, in which different aromatic ingredients were infused; and +took its name from the particular sort of bag, termed Hippocrates’s +Sleeve, through which it was strained.... <i>Clarry</i>, on the other +hand, which (with wine of <i>Osey</i>) we have seen noticed in the +Act 5 Richard II. (St. 1, c. 4, <i>vin doulce, ou +clarre</i>), was a claret or mixed wine, mingled with honey, and +seasoned in much the same way, as may be inferred from an order of the +36th of Henry III. respecting the delivery of two casks of white wine +and one of red, to make <i>Clarry</i> and other liquors for the king’s +table at York (duo dolia albi vini et garhiofilacum et unum dolium rubri +vini ad <i>claretum</i> faciend<i>um</i>). <i>Henderson</i>, +p. 284. <i>Hippocras</i>, vinum Aromaticum. Withals. “Artificiall +stuffe, as <i>ypocras</i> & wormewood wine.” <i>Harrison, Descr. +Brit.</i>, p. 167, col. 2, ed. 1586.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_5" id="nurture_linenote_wine_5"> +<ins class="mycorr" title="number added by transcriber">5.</ins></a> +<i>Raspice.</i> “Vin Rapé,” says Henderson, p. 286, note +<sup><i>y</i></sup>, “a rough sweetish red wine, so called from its +being made with unbruised grapes, which, having been freed from the +stalks, are afterwards fermented along with them and a portion of other +wine.”* Ducange has <i>Raspice.</i> <span class="smallcaps">Raspaticium</span>, Ex racemis vinum, cujus præparationem +tradit J. Wecker. Antidot. special. lib. 2, § 6, page 518 et 519. +Paratur autem illud ex <i>raspatiis</i> et vinaceis, una cum uvis musto +immissis. <i>Raspatia</i> itaque sunt, quæ Varroni et Columellæ +<i>scopi, scopiones</i>, si bene legitur; unde nostrum <i>Raste. +Ducange</i>, ed. 1845. <i>Raspecia</i> ...Sed ex relato longiori +contextu palam est, <i>Raspeciam</i> nihil aliud esse quam vinum mixtis +acinis aliisve modis renovatum, nostris vulgo <i>Râpé</i>; hujuscemodi +enim vinum alterationi minus obnoxium est, ut hic dicitur de +<i>Raspecia</i>. Vide mox <i>Raspetum</i>, Vinum <i>recentatum</i>, +Gallis <i>Raspé</i>. Charta Henrici Ducis Brabantiæ pro Communia +Bruxellensi ann. 1229: <i>Qui vinum supra uvas habuerit, quod +</i>Raspetum<i> vocatur, in tavernis ipsum vendere non potest.</i> Vide +<i>Recentatum</i>. Ducange, ed. 1845.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +* Besides this meaning of <i>rapé</i> (same as <i>raspé</i>), Cotgrave +gives first “A verie small wine comming of water cast uppon the mother +of grapes which have been pressed!”</p> + +<p>The highly-praised <i>Raspatum</i> of Baccius, p. 30-2, of +which, after quoting what Pliny says of secondary wines, he declares, +“id primùm animaduerti volumus à nostra posteritate, quod Lora +Latinorum, qua<i>m</i> deuterium cum Græcis, et secundarium Vinum dixit +Plinius, <span class="greek" title="deuteria">δευτερία</span>, seu +<span class="greek" title="potimon">ποτιμὸν</span> Dioscorides, +quodque <span class="greek" title="trugon">τρυγὸν</span> vocauit +Galenus, cum Aquatis quibus hodie vtimur in tota Italia, & cum nouo +genere, quod à delectabili in gustu asperitate, <i>Rasputum</i> vocat; +similem omnes hæ Voces habent significantiam factitii .s. ex aqua Vini. +p. 30. Quod uini genus in Italia, ubi alterius uini copia non sit, +parari simpliciter consuevit colore splendido rubentis purpuræ, sapore +austero, ac dulcacido primis mensibus mox tamen exolescente, +p. 31-2, &c<ins class="mycorr" title="close quote conjectural">.” </ins><i>Raspice</i> was also a name for Raspberries. +Item, geuene to my lady Kingstone s<i>er</i>u<i>au</i>nte bringing +Strawberes and <i>Respeces</i> to my lad<i>ys</i> grace xij d. <i>Privy +Purse Expenses of the Princess Mary</i>, p. 31; and in his Glossary +to this +<span class="pagenum">89</span> +<a name="page89" id="page89"> </a> +<!-- png 211 --> +book Sir F. Madden says, ‘In a closet for Ladies 12mo. London, 1654, is +a receipt “To preserve <i>Raspices</i>,” and they are elsewhere called +“<i>Raspisberries</i>.” See “Delights for Ladies,” 12mo. 1654.’</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_6" id="nurture_linenote_wine_6">6.</a> +<i>Muscadelle of Grew: Bastard: Greke: Malvesyn.</i> “The wines which +Greece, Languedoc, and Sapine doe send vs, or rather, which the +delicacie and voluptuousnesse of our French throats cause to be fetched +from beyond the Sea, such as are Sacks, <i>Muscadels</i> of Frontignan, +<i>Malmesies</i>, <i>Bastards</i> (which seeme to me to be so called, +because they are oftentimes adulterated and falsified with honey, as we +see wine Hydromell to be prepared) and Corsick wines, so much vsed of +the Romanes, are very pernicious unto vs, if we vse them as our common +drinke. Notwithstanding, we proue them very singular good in cold +diseases ... but chiefly and principally Malmesey.” Stevens and +Liebault’s <i>Maison Rustique</i>, or The Countrey Farme, by R. Surflet, +reviewed by Gerv. Markham, 1616. <i>Muscadell</i>, vinum apianum. +Withals. Mulsum, <i>wine and honie sodden together, swiete wine, +basterde or Muscadell</i>. Withals. William Vaughan says, “Of Muscadell, +Malmesie, and browne Bastard. These kindes of wines are onely for maried +folkes, because they strengthen the back.” <i>Naturall and Artificial +Directions for Health</i>, 1602, p. 9.</p> + +<p>Andrewe Borde, of Physicke, Doctor, in his Regyment or Dyetary of +helth made in Mou<i>n</i>tpylior, says, “Also these hote wynes, as +Malmesey, wyne corse, wyne greke, Romanyke, Romney, Secke, Alygaune, +Basterde, Tyre, Osaye, Muscadell, Caprycke, Tynt, Roberdany, with other +hote wynes, be not good to drynke with meate, but after mete and with +Oysters, with Saledes, with fruyte, a draughte or two may be +suffered ... Olde men may drynke, as I sayde, hygh wynes at theyr +pleasure. Furthermore all swete wynes, and grose wynes, doth make a man +fatte.”</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_7" id="nurture_linenote_wine_7">7.</a> +<i>Rompney.</i> Henderson, p. 288, says, “Another of the above-mentioned +wines (in <i>the Squire of Low Degree</i>) designated by the name of the +grape, was the Romenay, otherwise Romenay, Rumney, Romaine, or Romagnia. +That it could not be the produce of the Ecclesiastical State, as the two +last corruptions of the word would seem to imply, may be safely averred; +for at no period, since the decline of the empire, has the Roman soil +furnished any wines for exportation; and even Bacci, with all his +partiality, is obliged to found his eulogy of them on their ancient +fame, and to confess that, in his time, they had fallen into disrepute.” +He argues also against the notion that this wine came from Romana in +Aragon, and concludes that it was probably a Greek wine, as Bacci +(<i>Nat. Vin. Hist.</i> p. 333) tells us that the wine from the +Ioinan Islands and adjoining continent was called in Italian +<i>Romania</i>,—from the Saracen <i>Rum-ili</i>. Now this is all +very well, but how about the name of <i>Rompney of Modene</i> or Modena, +just outside the Western boundary of the Romagna,—not Meudon, in +France, “amongst all the wines which we use at Paris, as concerning the +red, the best are those of Coussy, Seure, Vaunes, and <i>Meudon</i>.” +Maison Rustique, p. 642.—Who will hold to John Russell, and +still consider <i>Romney</i> an Italian wine? <i>Rumney</i>, vinum +resinatum. Withals.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">90</span> +<a name="page90" id="page90"> </a> +<!-- png 212 --> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_8" id="nurture_linenote_wine_8">8.</a> +<i>Bastard.</i> Henderson argues against the above-quoted (No. 6) +supposition of Charles Etienne’s (which is supported by Cotgrave’s +<i>Vin miellé</i>, honied wine, <i>bastard</i>, Metheglin, sweet wine), +and adopts Venner’s account (<i>Via Recta ad Vitam Longam</i>), that +“Bastard is in virtue somewhat like to muskadell, and may also in stead +thereof be used; it is in goodness so much inferiour to muskadell, as +the same is to malmsey.” It took its name, Henderson thinks, from the +grape of which it was made, probably a bastard species of muscadine. +“One of the varieties of vines now cultivated in the Alto Douro, and +also in Madeira, is called <i>bastardo</i>, and the must which it yields +is of a sweetish quality<ins class="mycorr" title="close quote conjectural">.” </ins>Of the Bastard wine there were two +sorts,—white and brown (brown and white bastard, <i>Measure for +Measure</i>, Act iii. sc. 2), both of them, according to Markham’s +report, “fat and strong; the tawny or brown kind being the sweetest.” In +<i>The Libelle of Englysch Polycye</i>, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1436 (Wright’s <i>Political Songs</i>, +v. 2, p. 160), ‘wyne bastarde’ is put among the commodyetees +of Spayne.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_9" id="nurture_linenote_wine_9">9.</a> +<i>Tire</i>, if not of Syrian growth, was probably a Calabrian or +Sicilian wine, manufactured from the species of grape called +<i>tirio</i>. <i>Tyre</i>, vinum Tyrense, ex Tyro insula. Withals.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_10" id="nurture_linenote_wine_10">10.</a> +<i>Ozey.</i> Though this is placed among the “commodities of Portugal” +in some verses inserted in the first volume of Hackluyt’s Voyages, +p. 188—Her land hath wine, <i>osey</i>, waxe, and +grain,—yet, says Henderson, “a passage in Valois’ Description +of France, p. 12, seems to prove, beyond dispute, that <i>oseye</i> +was an Alsatian wine; <i>Auxois</i> or <i>Osay</i> being, in old times, +the name constantly used for Alsace. If this conjecture is well-founded, +we may presume that <i>oseye</i> was a luscious-sweet, or straw-wine, +similar to that which is still made in that province. That it was a +rich, high-flavoured liquor is sufficiently shown by a receipt for +imitating it, which may be seen in Markham (<i>English Housewife</i>, +1683, p, 115), and we learn from Bacci p. 350) that the wines which +Alsace then furnished in great profusion to England as well as different +parts of the continent, were of that description. In the ‘Bataille des +Vins’ we find the ‘Vin d’<i>Aussai</i>’ associated with the growths of +the Moselle.” <i>Osey</i> is one ‘Of the commoditees of Portingalle,’ +<i>Libelle</i>, p. 163.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_11" id="nurture_linenote_wine_11">11.</a> +<i>Torrentyne of Ebrew.</i> Is this from Tarentum, Tarragon, or Toledo? +Whence in Ebrew land did our forefathers import wine? Mr G. Grove says, +“I should at first say that Torrentyne referred to the wine from +some wady (Vulgate, <i>torrens</i>) in which peculiarly rich grapes +grew, like the wady of Eschcol or of Sorek; but I don’t remember any +special valley being thus distinguished as ‘<i>The</i> Torrent’ above +all others, and the vineyards are usually on hill-sides, not in +vallies.”</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_12" id="nurture_linenote_wine_12">12.</a> +<i>Greke Malevesyñ.</i> “The best dessert wines were made from the +Malvasia grape; and Candia, where it was chiefly cultivated, for a long +time retained the monopoly,” says Henderson. He quotes Martin Leake to +explain the name. Monemvasia is a small fortified town in the bay of +Epidaurus Limera. “It was anciently a promontory called Minoa, but is +now an island connected with the coast of Laconia by a bridge. The name +of +<span class="pagenum">91</span> +<a name="page91" id="page91"> </a> +<!-- png 213 --> +<i>Monemvasia</i>, derived from the circumstances of its position <span +class="greek" title="monê embasia">(μόνη ἐμβασία</span>, single +entrance), was corrupted by the Italians to <i>Malvasia</i>; and the +place being celebrated for the fine wines produced in the neighbourhood, +<i>Malvasia</i> changed to <i>Malvoisie</i> in French, and +<i>Malmsey</i> in English came to be applied to many of the rich wines +of the Archipelago, Greece, and other countries.” (<i>Researches in +Greece</i>, p. 197.) <i>Maulmsey</i>, vinum creticum, vel creteum. +Withals.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_13" id="nurture_linenote_wine_13">13.</a> +<i>Caprik</i> may have been a wine from the island of Capri, or +Cyprus.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_wine_14" id="nurture_linenote_wine_14">14.</a> +<i>Clarey.</i> See above under <a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_4"><i>Pyment</i></a>, and the elaborate recipe +for making it, in Household Ordinances, p. 473, under the heading +“Medicina optima et experta pro Stomacho et pro Capite in Antiquo +hominem.” <i>Claret Wine</i>, vinum sanguineum subrubrum, vel rubellum. +Withals. “The seconde wine is pure <i>Claret</i>, of a cleare Iacent, or +Yelow choler; this wine doth greatly norish and warme the body, and it +is an holsome wine with meate.” <i>Bullein</i>, fol. xj.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_122" id="nurture_linenote_122" href="#nurture_line_122">l. 122.</a> +<i>Spice</i>; <a name="nurture_linenote_171" id="nurture_linenote_171" href="#nurture_line_171">l. 171.</a> +<i>Spicery.</i> Of “The commoditees and nyoetees of Venicyans and +Florentynes,” the author of the Libelle says, p. 171,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>The grete galees of Venees and Florence</p> +<p>Be wel ladene wyth thynges of complacence,</p> +<p>Alle <i>spicerye and of grocers ware</i>,</p> +<p><i>Wyth swete wynes</i>, alle maners of cheffare,</p> +<p>Apes, and japes, and marmusettes taylede,</p> +<p>Nifles, trifles, that litelle have availede,</p> +<p>And thynges wyth which they fetely blere oure eye,</p> +<p>Wyth thynges not enduryng that we bye.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_123" id="nurture_linenote_123" href="#nurture_line_123">l. 123.</a> +<i>Turnsole.</i> Newton’s Herbal, plate 49, gives Yellow Turnsole +G(erarde), the Colouring Turnsole P(arkinson).</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_123a" id="nurture_linenote_123a" href="#nurture_line_123">l. 123.</a> +<i>Tornesole. Achillea tormentosa</i>, A.S. <i>Solwherf</i>. ‘This wort +hath with it some wonderful divine qualities, that is, that its blossoms +turn themselves according to the course of the sun, so that the blossoms +when the sun is setting close themselves, and again when he upgoeth, +they open and spread themselves.’ <i>Leechdoms</i>, ed. Cockayne, +v. 1, p. 155.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_123b" id="nurture_linenote_123b" href="#nurture_line_123">l. 123</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_141">141.</a> <i>Granes</i> are probably what +are now called “Granes of Paradise,” small pungent seeds brought from +the East Indies, much resembling Cardamum seeds in appearance, but in +properties approaching nearer to Pepper. See Lewis’s <i>Materia +Medica</i>, p. 298; in <i>North. H. Book</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_131" id="nurture_linenote_131" href="#nurture_line_131">l. 131-2.</a> +I cannot identify these three sorts of Ginger, though Gerarde says: +“Ginger groweth in Spaine, Barbary, in the Canary Islands, and the +Azores,” p. 6. Only two sorts of Ginger are mentioned in +Parkinson’s Herbal, p. 1613. ‘Ginger grows in China, and is +cultivated there.’ Strother’s Harman, 1727, v. 1, p. 101.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_141" id="nurture_linenote_141" href="#nurture_line_141">l. 141.</a> +Peper. “Pepir blake” is one of the commoditees of the Januays (or +Genoese). <i>Libelle</i>, p. 172.</p> + +<p class="notation"> +<a href="#nurture_linenote_77">Note on line 77</a> was originally +printed here, labeled “<a name="nurture_linenote_177" id="nurture_linenote_177">l. 177</a>”.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">92</span> +<a name="page92" id="page92"> </a> +<!-- png 214 --> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_178" id="nurture_linenote_178" href="#nurture_line_178">l. 178.</a> +<i>Ale.</i> See the praise of the unparalleled liquor called Ale, +Metheglin, &c., in Iohn Taylor’s <i>Drink and Welcome</i>, 1637. In +his <i>Regiment</i>, A. Borde says, “Ale is made of malte and +water; and they the whiche do put any other thynge to ale than is +rehersed, except yest, barme, or goddes good,*† doth sophysticall there +ale. Ale for an Englysshe man is a naturall drynke. Ale muste haue these +properties, it must be fresshe and cleare, it muste not be ropy, nor +smoky, nor it muste haue no werte nor tayle. Ale shulde not be dronke +under .v. dayes olde. Newe Ale is vnholsome for all men. And sowre +ale, and dead ale, and ale the whiche doth stande a tylte, is good for +no man. Barly malte maketh better Ale than Oten malte or any other corne +doth: it doth ingendre grose humours: but it maketh a man stronge.</p> + +<p>Beere is made of malte, of hoppes, and water. It is a naturall drynke +for a doche man. And nowe of late dayes [1557 ?] it is moche vsed in +England to the detryment of many Englysshe men; specyally it kylleth +them the whiche be troubled with the Colycke and the stone, and the +strayne coylyon; for the drynke is a cold drynke. Yet it doth make a man +fatte, and doth inflate the belly, as it doth appere by the doche mennes +faces and belyes.” A. Borde, <i>Regyment</i>, fol. G. ii.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p>* Halliwell says it means <i>yeast</i>. It cannot do so here.</p> + +<p>† This, and <i>barme</i>, and <i>bargood</i> (= beer-good) are +only equivalents for ‘yeast.’ Goddes-good was so called ‘because it +cometh of <i>the</i> grete grace of God’: see the following extract, +sent me by Mr Gillett, from the Book of the Corporate Assembly of +Norwich, 8 Edw. IV.:</p> + +<p>“The Maior of this Cite com<i>m</i>aundeth on the Kynges bihalve, +y<sup>t</sup> alle man<i>er</i> of Brewers y<sup>t</sup> shall brewe to +sale w<sup>t</sup>ynne this Cite, kepe y<sup>e</sup> assise accordyn to +y<sup>e</sup> Statute, & upon peyne ordeyned. And wheras berme, +otherwise clepid goddis good, w<sup>t</sup>oute tyme of mynde hath frely +be goven or delyv<i>er</i>ed for brede, whete, malte, egges, or other +honest rewarde, to y<sup>e</sup> valewe only of a ferthyng at +y<sup>e</sup> uttermost, & noon warned, bicause it cometh of +y<sup>e</sup> grete grace of God, Certeyn p<i>er</i>sons of this Cite, +callyng themselves com<i>m</i>on Brewers, for their singler lucre & +avayll have nowe newely bigonne to take money for their seid goddis +good, for y<sup>e</sup> leest parte thereof, be it never so litle and +insufficient to s<i>er</i>ve the payer therefore, an halfpeny or a peny, +& ferthermore exaltyng y<sup>e</sup> p<i>ri</i>ce of y<sup>e</sup> +seid Goddis good at their p<i>ro</i>p<i>e</i>r will, ageyns the olde +& laudable custome of alle Englande, & sp<i>eci</i>ally of this +Cite, to grete hurte & slaunder of y<sup>e</sup> same Cite. +Wherefore it is ordeyned & provided, That no man<i>er</i> of brewer +of this Cite shall from this time foorth take of eny p<i>er</i>son for +lyvering, gevyng, or grauntyng of y<sup>e</sup> s<sup>d</sup> goddis +good, in money nor other rewarde, above y<sup>e</sup> valewe of a +ferthyng. He shall, for no malice feyned ne sought, colour, warne, ne +restregne y<sup>e</sup> s<sup>d</sup> goddis good to eny p<i>er</i>sone +y<sup>t</sup> will honestly & lefully aske it, & paye therefore +y<sup>e</sup> valewe of a ferthyng, &c.” +<a class="notation" href="#corr_92">Corrigenda</a></p> + +</div> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="nurture_linenote_194" id="nurture_linenote_194" href="#nurture_line_194">l. 194.</a> +Neck-towel. The <i>neck-towelles</i> of the pantrey, ewerye, +confectionarye, comters, hangers, liggers, and all that is the Kinges +stuffe. <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 85.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_201" id="nurture_linenote_201" href="#nurture_line_201">l. 201.</a> +<i>Salts.</i> Other two groomes in this office [of Panetry] to help +serve the hall, or other lordes, in absence of the yoman, and to cutte +trenchours, to make <i>saltes</i>, &c. <i>H. Ord.</i>, +p. 71.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_213" id="nurture_linenote_213" href="#nurture_line_213">l. 213.</a> +Raynes. Towelles of <i>raygnes</i>, towelles of worke, and of playne +clothe. <i>H. Ord.</i>, pp. 72, 84.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_237" id="nurture_linenote_237" href="#nurture_line_237">l. 237.</a> +<i>The Surnape.</i> In the Articles ordained by King Henry VII. for the +Regulation of his Household, 31 Dec., 1494, are the following +directions, p. 119.</p> + +<p>As for the Sewer and Usher, and laying of the Surnape.</p> + +<p>The sewer shall lay the surnape on the board-end whereas the bread +and salte standeth, and lay forth the end of the same surnape and +towell; then the usher should fasten his rodd in the foresaid surnape +and towell, and soe drawing it downe the board, doeing his reverence +afore the Kinge till it passe the board-end a good way, and there the +sewer kneeling at the end of the board, and the usher at the other, +stretching the said surnape and towell, and soe the usher to laie upp +the end of the towell well on the boarde, and rise goeing before the +Kinge, doeing his reverence to the King on the same side the surnape bee +gone uppon, and on that side make an estate with his rodd; and then +goeing before the Kinge doeing his reverence, and soe make another +estate on the other side of the King, and soe goeing to the boards end +againe, kneele downe to amend the towell, that there bee noe wrinkles +<span class="pagenum">93</span> +<a name="page93" id="page93"> </a> +<!-- png 215 --> +save the estates; and then the usher doeing his due reverence to the +King; goeing right before the Kinge with his rodd, the side of the same +towell there as the bason shall stand; and doeing his reverence to the +Kinge, to goe to the boards end againe; and when the King hath washed, +to bee ready with his rodd to putt upp the surnape and meete the sewer +against the Kinge, and then the sewer to take it upp. (The French name +was <i>Serre-nape</i>.)</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_253" id="nurture_linenote_253" href="#nurture_line_253">l. 253.</a> +<i>State.</i> Divers Lords and <i>Astates</i>, p. 155; divers +<i>astates</i> and gentils, p. 160. <i>Wardrobe Accounts of King +Edward IV</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_262" id="nurture_linenote_262" href="#nurture_line_262">l. 262.</a> +The Pauntry Towells, <i>Purpaynes</i>, Coverpaynes, Chipping-knyffs. +Percy or Northumberland Hd. Book, p. 387.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_277" id="nurture_linenote_277" href="#nurture_line_277">l. 277.</a> +<i>Symple Condicions.</i> Compare these modern directions to a serving +man: “While waiting at dinner, never be picking your nose, or scratching +your head, or any other part of your body; neither blow your nose in the +room; if you have a cold, and cannot help doing it, do it on the outside +of the door; but do not sound your nose like a trumpet, that all the +house may hear when you blow it; still it is better to blow your nose +when it requires, than to be picking it and snuffing up the +<i>mucus</i>, which is a filthy trick. Do not yawn or gape, or even +sneeze, if you can avoid it; and as to hawking and spitting, the name of +such a thing is enough to forbid it, without a command. When you are +standing behind a person, to be ready to change the plates, &c., do +not put your hands on the back of the chair, as it is very improper; +though I have seen some not only do so, but even beat a kind of tune +upon it with their fingers. Instead of this, stand upright with your +hands hanging down or before you, but not folded. Let your demeanour be +such as becomes the situation which you are in. Be well dressed, and +have light shoes that make no noise, your face and hands well washed, +your finger-nails cut short and kept quite clean underneath; have a +nail-brush for that purpose, as it is a disgusting thing to see black +dirt under the nails. Let the lapels of your coat be buttoned, as they +will only be flying in your way.” 1825. T. Cosnett. Footman’s Directory, +p. 97-8. Lord A. Percy’s Waiters were changed every quarter. See +the lists of them in the <i>Percy Household Book</i>, p. 53-4.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_280" id="nurture_linenote_280" href="#nurture_line_280">l. 280.</a> +Lice. See Thomas Phaire’s Regiment of Life, The boke of Chyldren, +H. h. 5; and A. Borde’s Introduction, of the Irishe man,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Pediculus other whyle do byte me by the backe,</p> +<p>Wherfore dyvers times I make theyr bones cracke.</p> +</div> + +<p>And of the people of Lytle Briten,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Although I iag my hosen & my garment round abowt,</p> +<p>Yet it is a vantage to pick <i>pendiculus</i> owt.</p> +</div> + +<p class="mynote"> +Line note “67/991”, originally printed here, has been renamed +“l. 991” and moved to the <a href="#nurture_linenote_991">appropriate location</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">94</span> +<a name="page94" id="page94"> </a> +<!-- png 216 --> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_300" id="nurture_linenote_300" href="#nurture_line_300">l. 300.</a> +Jet.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Rogue why Winkest thou,</p> +<p>Jenny why <i>Jettest</i> thou.</p> +</div> + +<p>are among R. Holme’s Names of Slates, Bk. III. ch. +v. p. 265, col. 1.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_328" id="nurture_linenote_328" href="#nurture_line_328">l. 328.</a> +Forks were not introduced into England till Coryat’s time. See his +<i>Crudities</i> p. 90-1, 4to. London, 1611, on the strange use of +the Fork in Italy. “I observ’d a custom in all those Italian Cities +and Townes through the which I passed, that is not used in any other +country that I saw in my travels, neither do I thinke that any other +nation of Christendome doth use it, but only Italy. The Italian and also +most Strangers that are comorant in Italy, doe always at their meals use +a <i>Little Forke</i> when they cut their meat.” Percy’s notes, +p. 417-18, North. H. Book.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_348" id="nurture_linenote_348" href="#nurture_line_348">l. 348-9.</a> +Fumositees. But to wash the feete in a decoction of Baye leaues, +Rosemary, & Fenel, I greatly disalow not: for it turneth away +from the head vapours & <i>fumes</i> dimming and ouercasting the +mynde. Now the better to represse <i>fumes</i> and propulse vapours +fro<i>m</i> the Brain, it shalbe excelle<i>n</i>t good after Supper to +chaw w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the teeth (the mouth being shut) a few +graynes of Coriander first stieped in veneiger wherin Maiora<i>m</i> +hath bin decocted, & the<i>n</i> thinly crusted or couered ouer +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> Sugar. It is scarrce credible what a special +co<i>m</i>moditye this bri<i>n</i>geth to y<sup>e</sup> memory. No lesse +vertuous & soueraign is the co<i>n</i>fection of Conserue of +Quinces. Quinces called <i>Diacidonion</i>, if a prety quantity thereof +be likewise taken after meate. For it disperseth <i>fumes</i>, & +suffreth not vapours to strike vpwarde, T. Newton, <i>Lemnie’s +Touchstone</i>, ed. 1581, fol. 126. See <a href="#nurture_linenote_105">note on l. 105</a> here.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_358" id="nurture_linenote_358" href="#nurture_line_358">l. 358.</a> +<i>Forced</i> or <i>Farced</i>, a Forced Leg of Mutton, is to stuff or +fill it (or any Fowl) with a minced Meat of Beef, Veal, &c., with +Herbs and Spices. <i>Farcing</i> is stuffing of any kind of Meats with +Herbs or the like; some write it <i>Forsing</i> and Farsing. To +<i>Farce</i> is to stuff anything. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_378" id="nurture_linenote_378" href="#nurture_line_378">l. 378.</a> +Brawn. In his chapter on Pygge, Brawne, Bacon, Andrew Borde says of +bacon as follows: “Bacon is good for Carters, and plowe men, the which +be euer labouryng in the earth or dunge; but & yf they haue the +stone, and vse to eate it, they shall synge ‘wo be to the pye!’ +Wherefore I do say that coloppes and egges is as holsome for them as a +talowe candell is good for a horse mouth, or a peece of powdred Beefe is +good for a blere eyed mare. Yet sensuall appetyde must haue a swynge at +all these thynges, notwithstandynge.” <i>Regyment</i>, fol. K. +iii. b.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_382" id="nurture_linenote_382" href="#nurture_line_382">l. 382</a> & <a href="#nurture_line_515">l. +515.</a><i>Venison.</i> I extract part of Andrewe Borde’s chapter on +this in his <i>Regyment</i>, fol. K. 4, b.</p> + +<p class="center">¶ Of wylde Beastes fleshe.</p> + +<p>¶ I haue gone rounde about Chrystendome, and ouerthwarte +Chrystendome, and a thousande or two and moore myles out of +Chrystendome, Yet there is not so moche pleasure for Harte and Hynde, +Bucke and Doe, and for Roo-Bucke and Doe, as is in Englande lande: and +although the flesshe be dispraysed in physicke, <i>I praye God to sende +me parte of flesshe to eate, physicke notwithstanding</i> . . all +physicions (phyon suchons, <i>orig.</i>) sayth +<span class="pagenum">95</span> +<a name="page95" id="page95"> </a> +<!-- png 217 --> +that Venson . . doth ingendre colorycke humours; and of trueth it +doth so: Wherefore let them take the skynne, and let me haue the +flesshe. I am sure it is a Lordes dysshe, and I am sure it is good +for an Englysheman, for it doth anymate hym to be as he is: whiche is +stronge and hardy. But I do aduertyse euery ma<i>n</i>, for all my +wordes, not to kyll and so to eate of it, excepte it be lawfully, for it +is a meate for great men. And great men do not set so moche by the +meate, as they doth by the pastyme of kyllynge of it.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_393" id="nurture_linenote_393" href="#nurture_line_393">l. 393.</a> +<i>Chine</i>, the Back-bone of any Beast or Fish. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_397" id="nurture_linenote_397" href="#nurture_line_397">l. 397.</a> +Stock Dove, <i>Columba œnas</i>, Yarrell ii. 293.</p> + +<p>Doues haue this propertie by themselues, to bill one another and +kisse before they tread. Holland’s Plinie, v. 1, p. 300.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_401" id="nurture_linenote_401" href="#nurture_line_401">l. 401.</a> +Osprey or Fishing Hawk (the Mullet Hawk of Christchurch Bay), <i>Pandion +Haliæëtus</i>, Y. i. 30.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_401a" id="nurture_linenote_401a" href="#nurture_line_401">l. 401</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_482">482</a>. Teal, <i>Anas crecca</i>, Y. +iii. 282.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_402" id="nurture_linenote_402" href="#nurture_line_402">l. 402.</a> +Mallard or Wild Duck, <i>Anas boschas</i>, Y. iii. 265.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_421" id="nurture_linenote_421" href="#nurture_line_421">l. 421</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_542">542</a>. <i>Betowre.</i> Bittern, the +Common, <i>Botaurus stellaris</i>, Y. ii. 571. In the spring, and during +the breeding season, the Bittern makes a loud booming or bellowing +noise, whence, probably, the generic term <i>Botaurus</i> was selected +for it; but when roused at other times, the bird makes a sharp, harsh +cry on rising, not unlike that of a Wild Goose. <i>Yarrell</i>, ii. 573. +The Bittern was formerly in some estimation as an article of food for +the table; the flesh is said to resemble that of the Leveret in colour +and taste, with some of the flavour of wild fowl. Sir Thomas Browne says +that young Bitterns were considered a better dish than young Herons ... +ii. 574. ‘Hearon, Byttour, Shouelar. Being yong and fat, be lightlier +digested then the Crane, & y<sup>e</sup> Bittour sooner then the +Hearon.’ Sir T. Eliot, <i>Castell of Health</i>, fol. 31.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_422" id="nurture_linenote_422" href="#nurture_line_422">l. 422.</a> +Heron. Holland (Plinie, p. 301) gives—1. A Criell or dwarfe +Heron; 2. Bittern; 3. Carion Heron, for Pliny’s—1. <i>Leucon</i>; +2. <i>Asterias</i>; 3. <i>Pellon</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_437" id="nurture_linenote_437" href="#nurture_line_437">l. 437.</a> +<i>Martins</i> are given in the Bill of Fare of Archbp. Nevill’s Feast, +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1466, 3rd Course. R. Holme, +p. 78.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_449" id="nurture_linenote_449" href="#nurture_line_449">l. 449.</a> +Cannell Bone. ‘Susclavier. Vpon the <i>kannell bone</i>; whence Veine +susclaviere. The second maine ascendant branch of the hollow veine.’ +Cot.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_457" id="nurture_linenote_457" href="#nurture_line_457">l. 457.</a> +Compare <i>Rabbet Ronners</i> 1 doz., 2 s., temp. Hen. VIII., +a<sup>o</sup> 33. <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 223.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_492" id="nurture_linenote_492" href="#nurture_line_492">l. 492.</a> +<i>Custard</i>, open Pies, or without lids, filled with Eggs and Milk; +called also Egg-Pie. R. Holme.</p> + +<p>See the Recipes for ‘Crustade Ryal,’ ‘Crustade’ (with Chikonys +y-smete or smal birdys), and ‘Crustade gentyle’ (with ground pork or +veal), fol. 43, Harl. MS. 279. The Recipe for Crustade Ryal is, “Take +and pike out þe marow of bonys as hool as þou may. þen take þe bonys an +seþe hem in Watere or þat þe broþe be fat y-now. þen take Almaundys +& wayssche hem clene & bray hem, & temp<i>er</i> hem vppe +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe fat broþe; þan wyl þe mylke be broun. þen take +pouder Canelle, Gyngere, & Suger, & caste þer-on. þen take +Roysonys of coraunce & lay in þe cofynne, & taylid Datys +<span class="pagenum">96</span> +<a name="page96" id="page96"> </a> +<!-- png 218 --> +& kyt a-long. þen take Eyroun a fewe y-straynid, & swenge among +þe Milke þe ȝolke. þen take the botmon of þe cofynne þer þe Marow schal +stonde, & steke þ<i>er</i> gret an long gobettys þ<i>er</i>on vppe +ryȝt. & lat bake a whyle. þen pore in comade þer-on halful, & +lat bake, & whan yt a-rysith, it is ynow, þen serue forth.”</p> + +<p>Sir F. Madden in his note on <i>Frees</i> pasties, in his Privy Purse +Expenses of the Princess Mary, p. 131, col. 1, says, “The different +species of Confectionary then in vogue are enumerated by Taylor the +Water Poet, in his Tract intitled ‘The Great Eater, or part of the +admirable teeth and stomack’s exploits of Nicholas Wood,’ &c., +published about 1610. ‘Let any thing come in the shape of fodder or +eating-stuffe, it is wellcome, whether it be Sawsedge, or +<i>Custard</i>, or Eg-pye, or Cheese-cake, or Flawne, or Foole, or +Froyze,* or Tanzy, or Pancake, or Fritter, or Flap iacke,† or Posset, or +Galleymawfrey, Mackeroone, Kickshaw, or Tantablin!’”</p> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_492a" id="nurture_linenote_492a">* +</a>Froize, or pancake, <i>Fritilla</i>, Frittur, rigulet. Baret. +<i>Omlet of Eggs</i> is Eggs beaten together with Minced suet, and so +fried in a Pan, about the quantity of an Egg together, on one side, not +to be turned, and served with a sauce of Vinegar and Sugar. An +<i>Omlet</i> or <i>Froise</i>. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_492b" id="nurture_linenote_492b">† +</a>Flapjack is “a fried cake made of butter, apples, &c.” Jennings. +It is not a pancake here, evidently. “Untill at last by the skill of the +cooke, it is transform’d into the forme of a <i>flapjack</i>, which in +our translation is cald a <i>pancake</i>.” Taylor’s Jack-a-lent, +i. p. 115, in Nares.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_500" id="nurture_linenote_500" href="#nurture_line_500">l. 500</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_706">706</a>, <a href="#nurture_line_730">730</a>. +Pety Perueis. <i>Perueis</i> should be <i>Perneis</i>, as the Sloane MS. +1985 shows. Alter text accordingly. Under the head of <i>bake Metis or +Vyaunde Furneȝ</i>, in Harl. MS. 279, fol. 40 b, we have No. xiiij +<i>Pety Pernollys</i>. Take fayre Floure Cofyns. þen take ȝolkys of +Eyroun & trye hem fro þe whyte. & lat þe ȝolkys be al hole & +noȝt to-broke. & ley .iij. or .iiij. ȝolkys in a cofyn. and þan take +marow of bonys, to or .iij. gobettys, & cowche in þe cofynn. þen +take pouder Gyngere, Sugre, Roysonys of corau<i>n</i>ce, & caste +a-boue, & þan kyuere þin cofyn w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe same past. +& bake hem & frye hem in fayre grece & s<i>erve</i> +f<i>orth</i>.</p> + +<p>xx <i>Pety Peruaaunt</i>. Take fayre Flowre, Sugre, Safroun, an Salt. +& make þ<i>er</i>offe fayre past & fayre cofyng<i>is</i>. þan +take fayre y-tryid ȝolkys Raw & Sugre an pouder Gyngere, & +Raysonys of Coraunce, & myncyd Datys, but not to small. þan caste al +þis on a fayre bolle, & melle al to-gederys, & put in þin cofyn, +& lat bake oþer Frye in Freyssche grece. Harl. MS. 279.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_501" id="nurture_linenote_501" href="#nurture_line_501">l. 501</a>, <a href="#nurture_line_701">701</a>. +<i>Powche</i>. I suppose this to be poached-egg fritters; but it may be +the other <i>powche</i>; ‘Take the Powche and the Lyno<i>ur</i> [? +liver] of haddok, codlyng, and hake.’ Forme of Cury, p. 47. +Recipe 94.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_501a" id="nurture_linenote_501a" href="#nurture_line_501">l. 501.</a> +<i>Fritters</i> are small Pancakes, having slices of Apples in the +Batter. R. Holme. Frutters, Fruter Napkin, and Fruter Crispin, were +dishes at Archbp. Nevill’s Feast, 7 Edw. IV. 1467-8 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span></p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_503" id="nurture_linenote_503" href="#nurture_line_503">l. 503.</a> +<i>Tansy Cake</i> is made of grated Bread, Eggs, Cream, Nutmeg, Ginger, +mixt together and Fried in a Pan with Butter, with green Wheat and Tansy +stamped. R. Holme. ‘To prevent being Bug-bitten. Put a sprig or two +of <i>tansey</i> at the bed head, or as near the pillow as the smell may +be agreeable.’ T. Cosnett’s Footman’s Directory, p. 292.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">97</span> +<a name="page97" id="page97"> </a> +<!-- png 219 --> +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_504" id="nurture_linenote_504" href="#nurture_line_504">l. 504</a>, <a href="#nurture_line_511">511</a>, +&c. <i>Leach</i>, a kind of Jelly made of Cream, Ising-glass, +Sugar, and Almonds, with other compounds (the later meaning, 1787). +R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_517" id="nurture_linenote_517" href="#nurture_line_517">l. 517-18.</a> +<i>Potages.</i> All maner of liquyde thynges, as Potage, sewe and all +other brothes doth replete a man that eteth them with ventosyte. +<i>Potage is not so moche vsed in all Chrystendome as it is vsed in +Englande.</i> Potage is made of the licour in the whiche flesshe is sod +in, with puttynge to, chopped herbes, and Otmell and salte. +A. Borde, <i>Reg.</i> fol. H. ii.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_517a" id="nurture_linenote_517a" href="#nurture_line_517">l. 517</a>, <a href="#nurture_line_511">731</a>. <i>Jelly</i>, a kind of oily or fat liquor +drawn from Calves or Neats feet boiled. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_519" id="nurture_linenote_519" href="#nurture_line_519">l. 519.</a> +<i>Grewel</i> is a kind of Broth made only of Water, Grotes brused and +Currans; some add Mace, sweet Herbs, Butter and Eggs and Sugar: some +call it Pottage Gruel. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_521" id="nurture_linenote_521" href="#nurture_line_521">l. 521.</a> +<i>Cabages.</i> ’Tis scarce a hundred years since we first had cabbages +out of Holland; Sir Anthony Ashley, of Wiburg St Giles, in Dorsetshire, +being, as I am told, the first who planted them in England. Jn. Evelyn, +Acetaria, § 11. They were introduced into Scotland by the soldiers +of Cromwell’s army. 1854. Notes and Queries, May 6, p. 424, +col. 1.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_533" id="nurture_linenote_533" href="#nurture_line_533">l. 533.</a> +<i>Powdered</i> is contrasted with <i>fresh</i> in Household Ordinances: +‘In beef daily or moton, fresh, or elles all <i>poudred</i> is more +availe, 5d.’ <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 46. In Muffett (p. 173) it +means pickled, ‘As Porpesses must be baked while they are new, so Tunny +is never good till it have been long <i>pouldred</i> with salt, vinegar, +coriander, and hot spices.’ In p. 154 it may be either salt or +pickled; ‘Horne-beaks are ever lean (as some think) because they are +ever fighting; yet are they good and tender, whether they be eaten fresh +or <i>poudred</i>.’ <i>Powdered</i>, says Nicolas, meant sprinkled over, +and “powdered beef” i.e. beef sprinkled with salt, is still in use. +<i>Privy Purse expenses of Elizabeth of Yorke, &c.</i>, p. 254, +col. 1. See <a href="#nurture_linenote_378">note to l. 378</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_689">689</a>, here.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_535" id="nurture_linenote_535" href="#nurture_line_535">l. 535-688.</a> +<i>Chaudoun.</i> MS. Harl. 1735, fol. 18, gives this Recipe. +‘¶ Chaudo<i>n</i> sauz of swannes. ¶ Tak y<sup>e</sup> issu of +y<sup>e</sup> swannes, & wasch<i>e</i> hem wel, skoure y<sup>e</sup> +guttys w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> salt, sethz al to-gidre. Tak of y<sup>e</sup> +fleysch<i>e</i>; hewe it smal, & y<sup>e</sup> guttys +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> alle. Tak bred, gynger<i>e</i> & galingale, +Canel, grynd it & tempre it vp w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bred; +colo<i>u</i>r it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> blood or<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +bre<i>n</i>t bred, seson it vp w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a lytyl vinegre; welle +it al to-gyder<i>e</i>.’ And see the Chaudou<i>n</i> potage of Pygys, +fol. 19, or p. 37.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_540" id="nurture_linenote_540" href="#nurture_line_540">l. 540.</a> +Crane, the Common, <i>Crus cinerea</i>, Y. ii. 530.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_540a" id="nurture_linenote_540a" href="#nurture_line_540">l. 540.</a> +Egret, or Great White Heron, <i>Ardea alba</i> Y. ii. 549. +(Buff-coloured, Buff-backed, and Little Egret, are the varieties.)</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_540b" id="nurture_linenote_540b" href="#nurture_line_540">l. 540.</a> +Hernshaw or Common Heron, <i>Ardea cinerea</i>. Y. ii. 537 (nine other +varieties).</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_541" id="nurture_linenote_541" href="#nurture_line_541">l. 541.</a> +Plover, the Great (Norfolk Plover and Stone Curlew), <i>Ædicnemus +crepitans</i>, Y. ii. 465 (10 other varieties).</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_541a" id="nurture_linenote_541a" href="#nurture_line_541">l. 541.</a> +Curlew the Common, <i>Numenius arquata</i>, Y. ii. 610 (there are other +varieties).</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_542" id="nurture_linenote_542" href="#nurture_line_542">l. 542.</a> +Bustard, the Great, <i>Otis tarda</i>, Y. ii. 428; the Little (rare +here) ii. 452.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">98</span> +<a name="page98" id="page98"> </a> +<!-- png 220 --> +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_542a" id="nurture_linenote_542a" href="#nurture_line_542">l. 542.</a> +Shoveler (blue-winged, or Broad-Bill), <i>Anas clypeata</i>, Y. iii. +247. Snipe, the Common, <i>Scolopax gallinago</i>, Y. iii. 38 (11 other +sorts).</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_543" id="nurture_linenote_543" href="#nurture_line_543">l. 543.</a> +Woodcock, <i>Scolopax rusticola</i>, Y. iii. 1.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_543a" id="nurture_linenote_543a" href="#nurture_line_543">l. 543.</a> +Lapwing or Peewit, <i>Vanellus cristatus</i>, ii. 515.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_543b" id="nurture_linenote_543b" href="#nurture_line_543">l. 543.</a> +The Martin, or House Martin, <i>Hirundo urbica</i>, Y. ii. 255; the Sand +or Bank Martin, <i>Hirundo riparia</i>, ii. 261.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_544" id="nurture_linenote_544" href="#nurture_line_544">l. 544.</a> +Quail, the Common, <i>Coturnix vulgaris</i>, Y. ii. 413.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_546" id="nurture_linenote_546" href="#nurture_line_546">l. 546.</a> +On Fish wholesome or not, see Bullein, fol. lxxxiij., and on Meats, +fol. 82.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_548" id="nurture_linenote_548" href="#nurture_line_548">l. 548.</a> +Torrentille: Mr Skeat suggests ‘? Torrent-eel.’ Though the spelling of +Randle Holme’s A <i>Sandile</i> or a <i>Sandeele</i> (Bk. II., +p. 333), and Aldrovandi’s (p. 252 h.) “De <i>Sandilz</i> +Anglorum” may help this, yet, as Dr Günther says, eels have nothing to +do with torrents. <i>Torrentille</i> may be the Italian +<i>Tarentella</i>: see <a href="#nurture_linenote_835">note on +Torrentyne, l. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘828’">835</ins></a> below.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_555" id="nurture_linenote_555" href="#nurture_line_555">l. 555.</a> +<i>Ling.</i> There shall be stryken of every Saltfische called a Lyng +Fische vj Stroks after iij Strooks in a Side. <i>Percy Household +Book</i>, p. 135.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_558" id="nurture_linenote_558" href="#nurture_line_558">l. 558.</a> +<i>Stockfish.</i> Vocatur autem ‘Stockfisch’ à trunco, cui hic piscis +aridus tundendus imponitur. ariditate enim ita riget, ut nisi +præmaceratus aqua, aut prætunsus, coqui non possit. <i>Gesner</i>, +p. 219. ‘<i>Ie te frotteray à double carillon.</i> I will beat thee +like a <i>stockfish</i>, I will swinge thee while I may stand ouer +thee.’ Cotgrave. ‘The tenne chapitule’ of ‘The Libelle of Englysch +Polycye’ is headed ‘Of the coundius <i>stokfysshe</i> of Yselonde,’ +&c., &c., and begins</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Of Yseland to wryte is lytille nede,</p> +<p>Save of <i>stockfische</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p>A. Borde, in his Introduction to Knowledge, under Islond, says,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>And I was borne in Islond, as brute as a beest;</p> +<p>Whan I ete candels ends I am at a feest;</p> +<p>Talow and raw <i>stockefysh</i> I do loue to ete,</p> +<p>In my countrey it is right good meate.</p> +</div> + +<p>... In stede of bread they do eate <i>stocfyshe</i>, and they wyll +eate rawe fyshe & fleshe; they be beastly creatures, vnmannered and +vntaughte. The people be good fyshers; muche of theyr fishe they do +barter with English men for mele, lases, a<i>n</i>d shoes & other +pelfery. (See also under Denmarke.)</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_559" id="nurture_linenote_559" href="#nurture_line_559">l. 559.</a> +<i>Mackerel.</i> See Muffett’s comment on them, and the English and +French ways of cooking them, p. 157.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_569" id="nurture_linenote_569" href="#nurture_line_569">l. 569.</a> +Onions. Walnuts be hurtfull to the Memory, and so are <i>Onyons</i>, +because they annoy the Eyes with dazeling dimnesse through a hoate +vapour. T. Newton, <i>Touchstone</i>, ed. 1581, fol. 125 b.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_572" id="nurture_linenote_572" href="#nurture_line_572">l. 572.</a> +A <i>Rochet</i> or <i>Rotbart</i> is a red kind of <i>Gurnard</i>, and +is so called in the South parts of England; and in the East parts it is +called a <i>Curre</i>, and a <i>Golden polle</i>. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_575" id="nurture_linenote_575" href="#nurture_line_575">l. 575.</a> +A <i>Dace</i> or a Blawling, or a Gresling, or a Zienfische, or +Weyfisch; by all which the Germans call it, which in Latin is named +<i>Leucorinus</i>. And the French <i>Vengeron</i>, which is English’d to +me a <i>Dace</i>, or <i>Dace-fish</i>. R. Holme.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">99</span> +<a name="page99" id="page99"> </a> +<!-- png 221 --> +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_577" id="nurture_linenote_577" href="#nurture_line_577">l. 577.</a> +<i>Refett.</i> “I thought it clear that <i>refett</i> was roe, and I do +not yet give it up. But see P. P., <i>Refeccyon</i>, where the +editor gives ‘<i>refet of</i> fisshe K., <i>refet or</i> fishe H., +<i>reuet</i> P.,’ from other manuscripts, and cites in a note Roquefort +from Fr. <i>reffait</i> (refait) as meaning a fish, the <i>rouget</i>, +&c., &c. The authority of Roquefort is not much, and he +gives no citation. If, however, in K. H. and P. these forms are +used instead of the spelling <i>refeccyon</i>, and defined <i>refectio, +refectura</i>, it rather embarrasses the matter. Halliwell cites no +authority for <i>rivet</i>, roe.” G. P. Marsh. See <a href="#nurture_linenote_839">note to l. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘840’">839</ins></a> here, p. 108.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_580" id="nurture_linenote_580" href="#nurture_line_580">l. 580.</a> +<i>Gobbin</i>, or <i>Gobbet</i>, or <i>Gubbins</i>: Meat cut in large +peeces, as large as an Egg. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_584" id="nurture_linenote_584" href="#nurture_line_584">l. 584.</a> +A <i>Thornbacke</i>, soe called from the Sharp Crooked Pricks set on +Studs, all down the middle of the Back. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_584a" id="nurture_linenote_584a" href="#nurture_line_584">l. 584.</a> +<i>Hound Fysch.</i> A Sow-Hound-Fish ... So it is called from its +resemblance of a <i>Dog</i>, and its fatness like to a <i>Swine</i>: +though most term it a <i>Dog-Fish</i>. It hath a small Head, great Eyes; +wide Mouth, rough, sharp and thick skinned. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_584b" id="nurture_linenote_584b" href="#nurture_line_584">l. 584</a>, <a href="#nurture_line_830">l. +830.</a><i>Thorlepolle.</i> Aldrovandi, describing the <i>Balæna vera +Rondel[etii]</i> says: Hec belua Anglis, (vt dixi) Hore vocatur, & +alio nomine Horlepoole & VVirlepoole etiam, ni fallor, earu<i>m</i> +nimiru<i>m</i> omnium significatione, quòd impetuo suo & flatu +vorticosas in mari tanquam palude procellas excitet. Oleum ex ea colligi +aiunt. p. 677. See Holland’s Plinie on the Whales and Whirlepooles +called Balænæ, which take up in length as much as foure acres or arpens +of land, v. 1, p. 235, &c.</p> + +<p>Thornback, <i>Raja</i>. Thornback, which Charles Chester merily and +not unfitly calleth Neptune’s beard, was extolled by Antiphanes in +Athenæus history for a dainty fish; indeed it is of a pleasant taste, +but of a stronger smell than Skate, over-moist to nourish much, but not +so much as to hinder lust, which it mightily encreaseth. Muffett, +p. 172.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_596" id="nurture_linenote_596" href="#nurture_line_596">l. 596.</a> +<i>Verjuice</i> is the juice of Crabs or sour Apples. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_622" id="nurture_linenote_622" href="#nurture_line_622">l. 622.</a> +<i>Jole of Sturgion or Salmon</i> is the two quarters of them, the head +parts being at them. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_630" id="nurture_linenote_630" href="#nurture_line_630">l. 630.</a> +<i>Lamprey pie.</i> In the Hengrave Household Accounts is this entry +“for presenting a <i>lamprey pye</i> vj d.” “It<i>e</i>m. the xiiij day +of January [1503] to a servant of the Pryour of Lanthony in reward for +brynging of two bakyn laumpreys to the Quene v s. Nicolas’s Elizabeth of +York, p. 89, and Glossary.”</p> + +<p>Under ‘<a name="nurture_linenote_fish" id="nurture_linenote_fish">How several sorts of Fish are named</a>, +according to their Age or Growth,’ p. 324-5, R. Holme +gives</p> + +<p>An <i>Eel</i>, first a Fauser, then a Grigg, or Snigg, then a +Scaffling, then a little Eel; when it is large, then an <i>Eel</i>, and +when very large, a <i>Conger</i>.</p> + +<p>A <i>Pike</i>, first a Hurling pick, then a Pickerel, then a +<i>Pike</i>, then a <i>Luce</i> or <i>Lucie</i>.</p> + +<p>A Smelt or <i>Sparling</i>, first a Sprat, then a small Sparling, +then a <i>Sparling</i>.</p> + +<p>A Codd, first a Whiting, then a Codling, then a Codd.</p> + +<p>A <i>Lamprey</i>, first a Lampron Grigg, then a Lampret, then a +Lamprell, then a <i>Lamprey</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">100</span> +<a name="page100" id="page100"> </a> +<!-- png 222 --> +<p>A <i>Lampron</i>, first a Barle, than a Barling, then a Lamprell, and +then a <i>Lamprey</i> or <i>Lampron</i>.</p> + +<p>A <i>Crevice</i>, first a Spron Frey, then a Shrimp, then a Sprawn, +and when it is large, then called a <i>Crevice</i>.</p> + +<p>The curious Burlesques, pp. 81-2, 85-6, vol. 1 of <i>Reliquiæ +Antiquæ</i>, contain a great many names of fish.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_631" id="nurture_linenote_631" href="#nurture_line_631">l. 631.</a> +<i>Pasty</i> is paste rouled broad, and the Meat being laid in Order on +it, it is turned over, and made up on three sides, with garnishes about. +R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_634" id="nurture_linenote_634" href="#nurture_note_178">l. 634, note.</a> +<i>Galingale.</i> Harman (ed. Strother, 1727) notices three varieties, +<i>Cyperus rotundus</i>, round Galingal; <i>Galanga major</i>, Galingal; +<i>Galanga minor</i>, lesser Galingal.</p> + +<p>Gallinga, Lat. Galanga, says Bp Percy, is the root of a grassy-leaved +plant brought from the East Indies, of an aromatic smell and hot biting +bitterish Taste, anciently used among other Spices, but now almost laid +aside. Lewis, <i>Mat. Med.</i> p. 286. See Mr Way’s note 4 in Pr. +Parv. p. 185.</p> + +<p>‘<i>Galendyne</i> is a sauce for any kind of roast Fowl, made of +Grated Bread, beaten Cinnamon and Ginger, Sugar, Claret-wine, and +Vinegar, made as thick as Grewell.’ Randle Holme, Bk. III., chap. III., +p. 82, col. 2. See also Recipes in Markham’s Houswife, the second +p. 70, and the first p. 77.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_657" id="nurture_linenote_657" href="#nurture_line_657">l. 657.</a> +A sewer, <i>appositor ciborum. Appono</i>, to sette vpon the table. +Withals.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_686" id="nurture_linenote_686" href="#nurture_line_686">l. 686.</a> +See Randle Holme’s ‘relation of the Feast made by George Nevill, +Arch-Bishop of York, at the time of his Consecration, or Installation, +7. Edw. IV. 1467-8,’ and his other Bills of Fare, p. 77-81, Book +III. Chap. III.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_686a" id="nurture_linenote_686a" href="#nurture_line_686">l. 686.</a> +<i>Mustard</i> is a kind of sharp biting sauce, made of a small seed +bruised and mixed with Vinegar. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_686b" id="nurture_linenote_686b" href="#nurture_line_686">l. 686.</a> +<i>Dynere.</i> Compare the King’s dinner in <i>The Squyr of Lowe +Degree</i>.</p> + +<p>The Squyer</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>He toke a white yeard in his hande,</p> +<p>Before the kynge than gane he stande,</p> +<p>And sone he sat hym on his knee,</p> +<p>And serued the kynge ryght royally</p> +<p>With deynty meates that were dere,</p> +<p>With Partryche, Pecocke, and Plouere,</p> +<p>With byrdes in bread ybake,</p> +<p>The Tele, the Ducke, and the Drake,</p> +<p>The Cocke, the Corlewe, and the Crane,</p> +<p>With Fesauntes fayre, theyr ware no wane,</p> +<p>Both Storkes and Snytes ther were also,</p> +<p>And venyson freshe of Bucke and Do,</p> +<p>And other deyntés many one,</p> +<p>For to set afore the kynge anone.</p> +<p class="author">l. 312-27, <i>E. Popular Poetry</i>, v. 2, +p. 36.</p> +</div> + +<p>Several of the names of the dishes in Russell are used burlesquely in +the +<span class="pagenum">101</span> +<a name="page101" id="page101"> </a> +<!-- png 223 --> +Feest of the Turnament of Tottenham, <i>E. Pop. P.</i>, v. 3, pp. +94-6, “saduls sewys, mashefatts in mortrewys, mylstones in mawmary, +iordans in iussall, chese-crustis in charlett,” &c.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_688" id="nurture_linenote_688" href="#nurture_line_688">l. 688</a>, +<i>Swan.</i> “Cap. xxviij. The Swan<i>n</i>e is veri a fayr birde, +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> whyte feders / & it hath a blacke skinne & +flesshe / the mariner seeth hy<i>m</i> gladly / for whan he is mery, the +mariner is without sorowe or dau<i>n</i>ger; & all his strengthe is +in his wy<i>n</i>ges / and he is coleryke of complexio<i>n</i> / & +whan they will engender, than they stryke wyth theyr nebbys +toged<i>er</i>, and cast theyr neckes ouer eche other as yf thei wolden +brace eche other; so come they togeder, but the male doth hurt +<i>the</i> female; & as sone as he beknoweth that he hathe hurte +her, tha<i>n</i> he departeth frome her co<i>m</i>pani in all the haste +possible / and she pursueth after for to reuenge it / but <i>the</i> +anger is sone past, & she wassheth her with her bylle in the water / +and clenseth herselfe agayne.” —L. Andrewe, <i>Noble +Lyfe.</i> Pt. II. sign. m. 1.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_688a" id="nurture_linenote_688a" href="#nurture_line_688">l. 688</a>, +<i>Feysaund.</i> “Cap. xlvi. Fascian<i>us</i> is a wyld cocke or a +fesa<i>n</i>t cocke that byde in the forestes, & it is a fayre byrde +with goodly feders. but he hath no co<i>m</i>mbe as other cockes haue / +and they be alway alone except whane they wylle be by the henne. and +they that will take this bird / and in many places the byrders doth +thus, they pay<i>n</i>te the figure of this fayre byrde in a cloth, +& holdeth it before hym / & whan this birde seeth so fayr a +figure of hym selfe / he goeth nother forward nor bacwarde / but he +standeth still, staringe vpon his figure / & sodenly commeth +another, and casteth a nette ouer his hede, and taketh hym. Thys byrde +morneth sore in fowle weder, & hideth hym from the rayne vnder +<i>the</i> busshes. Towarde <i>the</i> morninge and towardes night, than +com<i>m</i>eth he out of the busshe, and is ofte<i>n</i>times so taken, +& he putteth his hede in the grou<i>n</i>d, & he weneth that all +his boddy is hyden / and his flessh is very light and good to disiest.” +—L. Andrewe, <i>Noble Lyfe.</i> Pt. II. (m. 4.)</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_689" id="nurture_linenote_689" href="#nurture_line_689">l. 689.</a> +<i>Vensoun bake</i>, or Venison Pasty. Of the Hart and Hinde, Topsel +says, “The flesh is tender, especially if the beast were libbed before +his horns grew: yet is not the juice of that flesh very wholesome, and +therefore <i>Galen</i> adviseth men to abstain as much from Harts flesh +as from Asses, for it engendereth melancholy; yet it is better in Summer +then in Winter. <i>Simeon Sethi</i>, speaking of the hot Countries, +forbiddeth to eat them in Summer, because then they eat Serpents, and so +are venemous; which falleth not out in colder Nations, and therefore +assigneth them rather to be eaten in Winter time, because the concoctive +powers are more stronger through plenty of inward heat; but withal +admonisheth, that no man use to eat much of them, for it will breed +Palsies and trembling in mans body, begetting grosse humors, which stop +the Milt and Liver: and <i>Auicen</i> proveth, that by eating thereof +men incur the quartane Ague; wherefore it is good to powder them with +salt before the dressing, and then seasoned with Peper and other things, +known to every ordinary Cook and woman, they make of them Pasties in +most Nations,” p. 103, ed. 1658.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_694" id="nurture_linenote_694" href="#nurture_line_694">l. 694.</a> +<i>Blanchmanger</i>, a made dish of Cream, Eggs, and Sugar, put into an +open puff paste bottom, with a loose cover. <i>Blamanger</i>, is a Capon +roast +<span class="pagenum">102</span> +<a name="page102" id="page102"> </a> +<!-- png 224 --> +or boile, minced small, planched (sic) Almonds beaten to paste, Cream, +Eggs, Grated Bread, Sugar and Spices boiled to a pap. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_694a" id="nurture_linenote_694a" href="#nurture_line_694">l. 694.</a> +<i>Po = tage</i> is strong Broth of Meat, with Herbs and Spices Boiled. +<i>Pottage</i> is the Broth of Flesh or Fowl, with Herbs and Oatmeal +boiled therein. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_694b" id="nurture_linenote_694b" href="#nurture_line_694">l. 694</a>, <i>Vensoun</i>; and l. 696, +<i>Heironsew</i>.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>But many men byn nowe so lekerous</p> +<p>That they can not leve by store of howse,</p> +<p>As brawne, bakyn, or powderd beef;</p> +<p>Such lyvelod now ys no man leef,</p> +<p>But venyson, wyldfowle or heronsewes,</p> +<p>So newfanggell be these men of her thewes;</p> +<p>Moche medlyd wyne all day men drynke;</p> +<p>j haue wyste wyldfowle sum tyme stynke.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Piers of Fullham</i>, ll. 171-8, p. 8, v. 2, of <i>Early +Popular Poetry</i>, ed. Hazlitt, 1866.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_695" id="nurture_linenote_695" href="#nurture_line_695">l. 695</a>, +<i>Bustard.</i> “Cap. xv. The Bistarda is a birde as great as an egle, +of <i>th</i>e maner of an egle, and of suche colour, saue in <i>th</i>e +winges & in the tayle it hath some white feders; he hath a crooked +byll, & longe talants. and it is slowe of flight / & wha<i>n</i> +he is on the grownde, than must he ryse .iij. or iiij. tymes or he can +come to any fulle flight. he taketh his mete on the erth; for +.v. or .vi. of them togeder be so bold that they festen on a shepe +& tere hy<i>m</i> a-sonder / & so ete the flesshe of him / & +this birde dothe ete also of dede bestes & stinkyn caryon, and it +eteth also grasse & grene erbes / & it layth his eggis vpon the +grou<i>n</i>de, & bredeth the<i>m</i> out the while that <i>th</i>e +corne groweth on the felde.” —L. Andrewe, <i>Noble Lyfe</i>, +L ij back.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_695a" id="nurture_linenote_695a" href="#nurture_line_695">l. 695</a>, +<i>Crane.</i> “Cap. lix. The Crane is a great byrde / and whan they +flye, they be a greate many of them to-gyder in ordre, and a-monge +the<i>m</i> they chose a kynge the whiche they obey / whan the crane +sleepth, than standeth he vpon one fote w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his hede +vnder his winges / & ther is one <i>tha</i>t kepeth the wache +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his hede vpryght to-wardes <i>th</i>e ayre / & +wha<i>n</i> they ete, tha<i>n</i> the kynge kepeth the wache fore them, +and than the cranes ete w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out sorowe. Aristotiles sayth +<i>tha</i>t aboue Egipt in farre lo<i>n</i>des come the cranes in the +wi<i>n</i>ter / and there the fight w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the pygmeis as +before is shewed in <i>th</i>e .c. & .xvi. chapter.*</p> + +<p class="center">The Operacion.</p> + +<p>Rasi. The flesshe of him is grosse, & not good to disiest / & +it maketh mela<i>n</i>colious blode. ¶ The crane that is kille in +somer shalbe hanged vp one +<span class="pagenum">103</span> +<a name="page103" id="page103"> </a> +<!-- png 225 --> +daye / and in winter season .ij. dayes or it be eten, and than it is the +more disiestious.” —L. Andrewe, <i>Noble Lyfe.</i> Pt. II. +(n. iij.)</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="nurture_linenote_695n" id="nurture_linenote_695n">*</a> +Pigmeis be men & women, & but one cubite longe, dwellinge in +<i>th</i>e mountaynes of ynde | they be full growen at their third yere, +& at their seue<i>n</i> yere they be olde | & they gader them in +may a grete co<i>m</i>pany togeder, & arme them in theyr best maner +| and tha<i>n</i> go they to the water syde, & where-so-euer they +fynde any cranes nestis they breake all the egges, & kyll all the +yonges <i>tha</i>t they fynde | and this they do because <i>th</i>e +cranes do them many displeasures, & fight with them oftentymes, +& do the<i>m</i> great scathe | but these folke couer their houses +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the cranes feders & egshels. fol. h. ij. +back.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_695b" id="nurture_linenote_695b" href="#nurture_line_695">l. 695</a>, <i>peacock.</i> “Paon revestu. A +Peacocke flayed, parboyled, larded, and stucke thicke with Cloues; then +roasted, with his feet wrapped vp to keepe them from scorching; then +couered againe with his owne skinne as soone as he is cold, and so +vnderpropped that, as aliue, hee seemes to stand on his legs: In this +equipage a gallant, and daintie seruice.” —1611, +<i>Cotgrave.</i></p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_695c" id="nurture_linenote_695c" href="#nurture_line_695">l. 695</a>, +<i>Peacock.</i> “Pauo / the pecocke is a very fayre byrde / and it hath +a longe necke, and hath on his hede feders lyke a lytell crowne / he +hathe a longe tayle the whyche he setteth on hye very rycheli, but whan +he loketh on hys lothly fete, he lateth his tayle sinke. Be nyght, whan +the Pecocke can nat see hymselfe, tha<i>n</i> he cryeth ernefully, and +thynketh that he hath lost hys beautye / and with his crye he feareth +all serpentes / in suche maners <i>tha</i>t they dare nat abyde in those +places whereas they here hym crye / and whan the pecocke cly<i>m</i>meth +hye, that is a token of rayne ... also the pecocke is envious & +wylle nat knowe his yonges tyll that they haue <i>th</i>e crowne of +feders vpon theyr hede, and that they begynne to lyken hym.... The +flesshe of hy<i>m</i> will nat lightely rote nor stynke / and it is +euyll flesshe to disiest, for it can nat lightely be rosted or soden +ynough.” —L. Andrewe, <i>Noble Lyfe</i> (o. iv.), Cap. +xci.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_696" id="nurture_linenote_696" href="#nurture_line_696">l. 696</a>, +<i>Heironsew.</i> Ardea is a byrde that fetcheth his mete in +y<sup>e</sup> water, & yet he byldeth vpo<i>n</i> the hyest trees +that he can. This birde defendeth his yonges from y<sup>e</sup> +goshawke, castinge his dou<i>n</i>ge vpon him / & tha<i>n</i> the +fedders of the goshawke rote of y<sup>e</sup> dounge of ardea as far as +it touchet[h]. <i>Nob. Lyfe</i>, L. ij.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_696a" id="nurture_linenote_696a" href="#nurture_line_696">l. 696</a>, +<i>Partrich.</i> “Cap. xcvi. Perdix is a byrde very wylye, & the +cockes feght oftentymes for the he<i>n</i>nes. and these byrdes flye of +no heght / and they put theyr hedes in the erthe, & they thinke +<i>tha</i>t they tha<i>n</i> be well hyde<i>n</i>, for wha<i>n</i> she +seeth nobody she thinketh <i>tha</i>t nobody seeth here. & she +bredeth out other p<i>ar</i>triches egges / for wha<i>n</i> she hath +lost her eges, tha<i>n</i> she steleth other egges & bredeth +the<i>m</i> / & wha<i>n</i> they be hatched <i>tha</i>t they can go +on the grou<i>n</i>de / than this da<i>m</i>me setteth the<i>m</i> out +of <i>th</i>e nest / but whan they be a-brode, & here the wyse of +theyr owne da<i>m</i>mes, inco<i>n</i>tinent they leue theyr +da<i>m</i>me <i>tha</i>t brought the<i>m</i> up, & go to their owne +natural da<i>m</i>me / & tha<i>n</i> she <i>tha</i>t brought +the<i>m</i> vp hath lost her labour. The Operacion. The flesshe of a +p<i>ar</i>triche is most holsomest of all wylde fowles, <i>the</i> brest +& vppermoste parte of <i>th</i>e bodie is the swetest, & hathe +the best sauoure / but <i>th</i>e hinder parte is nat so swete.” +L. Andrewe, <i>Noble Lyfe</i>, sign. p. i. & back.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_698" id="nurture_linenote_698" href="#nurture_line_698">l. 698</a>, +<i>Lark.</i> Alauda: the larke is a lytel birde, & +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> euery man well beknowen through his songe / in +<i>th</i>e somer <i>the</i>i begy<i>n</i>neth to singe in the dawning of +<i>th</i>e day, geuynge knowlege to the people of <i>th</i>e cominge of +the daye; and in fayre weder he reioyseth sore / but wha<i>n</i> it is +rayne weder, than it singeth selden / he singeth nat sittinge on the +grownde nouther / but whan he assendith vpwarde, he syngeth mereli / +& in the descending it falleth to the grownde lyke a stone. The +Operacion. The larkes flesshe hardeneth the beli, and the brothe of hym +that he was soden in, slaketh the beli. L. Andrewe, <i>Noble +Lyfe</i>, sign. L. iv. back, and L. i.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">104</span> +<a name="page104" id="page104"> </a> +<!-- png 226 --> +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_706" id="nurture_linenote_706" href="#nurture_line_706">l. 706</a>, <i>Snyte</i> or Snipe. “Cap. lxxxiiij. +Nepa is a byrde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a longe byll / & he putteth his +byll in <i>th</i>e erthe for to seke the worms in the grou<i>n</i>de / +and they put their bylles in <i>th</i>e erthe sometyme so depe +<i>tha</i>t they can nat gete it vp agayne / & tha<i>n</i> they +scratche theyr billes out agayn w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> theyr fete. This +birde resteth betimes at nyght / and they be erly abrode on the morninge +/ & they haue swete flesshe to be eaten.” L. Andrewe, <i>Noble +Lyfe.</i></p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_706a" id="nurture_linenote_706a" href="#nurture_line_706">l. 706</a>, +<i>Sparow.</i> “Passer / The Sparowe is a lytell byrde / and wha<i>n +th</i>e cucko fyndeth the sparowes nest / tha<i>n</i> he suppeth vp +<i>th</i>e egges, & layeth newe egges hym self therin agayne / & +the sparowe bredeth vp these yo<i>n</i>ge cuckoes tyl they can flee; +tha<i>n</i> a great many of olde sparowes geder to-geder to +thente<i>n</i>t <i>tha</i>t thei sholde holde vp the yo<i>n</i>ge +sparowes that can nat flee / & theyr mete is wormes of <i>th</i>e +erthe.... All sparowes flesshe is euyl / and their egges also. The +flessh is very hote, and moueth to the operacion of lechery.” +L. Andrewe, <i>Noble Lyfe</i> (o. iv.), Cap. xci.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_713" id="nurture_linenote_713" href="#nurture_line_713">l. 713.</a> +<i>Comfits</i> are round, long or square pellets of Sugar made by the +Art of a Confectioner. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_737" id="nurture_linenote_737" href="#nurture_line_737">l. 737</a>, +<i>Eles.</i> Trevisa in his <i>Higden</i> says of Britain ‘þe lond ys +noble, copious, & ryche of noble welles, & of noble ryvers wiþ +plente of fysch. þar ys gret plente of smal fysch & of <i>eeles</i>, +so þat cherles in som place feedeþ sowes wiþ fysch.’ <i>Morris’s +Specimens</i>, p. 334.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Comyth ther not al day owt of hollond and flaundre</p> +<p>Off fatte <i>eles</i> full many a showte,</p> +<p>And good chepe, who that wayteth the tyddys abowte?</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Piers of Fullham</i>, ll. 71-3, <i>Early Pop. Poetry</i>, +v. 2, p. 4 (and see ll. 7-10).</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_747" id="nurture_linenote_747" href="#nurture_line_747">l. 747</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_812">812</a>. <i>Minoes</i>, so called either +for their littleness, or (as Dr. Cajus imagined) because their fins be +of so lively a red, as if they were died with the true Cinnabre-lake +called <i>Minium</i>: They are less than Loches, feeding upon nothing, +but licking one another . . they are a most delicate and light meat +. . either fried or sodden. <i>Muffett</i>, p. 183.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_758" id="nurture_linenote_758" href="#nurture_line_758">l. 758.</a> +<i>Towse.</i> Can this be a form of <i>dough</i>? G. P. Marsh.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_782" id="nurture_linenote_782" href="#nurture_line_782">l. 782.</a> +Sotiltees were made of sugar and wax. Lel. Coll. VI. p. 31. +Pegge.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_788" id="nurture_linenote_788" href="#nurture_line_788">l. 788-795</a>, +<i>Sanguineus, Colericus, Fleumaticus, Malencolicus.</i> Men were +divided into these four classes, according to their humours. Laurens +Andrewe says, in his <i>Noble Lyfe</i>, “And the bodij of man is made of +many diuers sortes of ly<i>m</i>mes / as senewes / vaynes / fatte / +flesshe & skynne. And also of the foure moistours / as sanguyne / +flematyke / coleryke & melancoly.” (fol. a iv. back) +col. 2. In his Chapter “Howe that man co<i>m</i>meth into the house +of dethe,” he has drawings of these four types of man, on either side of +King Death & the skeleton under him. Men die, he says in thre ways. +1. by one of the four elements of which they are made, overcoming +the others; 2. by <i>humidum radicale</i> or ‘naturall moystour’ +forsaking them; 3. by wounds; “& these thre maners of dethes be +co<i>n</i>tained in the four co<i>m</i>plexcions of man / as in the +sa<i>n</i>guyne / colerike / flematike / & mela<i>n</i>coly. The +sanguyne wareth ofte<i>n</i>tymes so olde through gode +gouernau<i>n</i>ce / that he must occopy +<span class="pagenum">105</span> +<a name="page105" id="page105"> </a> +<!-- png 227 --> +spectacles, & liue longe or hu<i>m</i>midu<i>m</i> radicale departe +frome him / but than he dyeth. The colerike co<i>m</i>meth oftentymes +to* dethe be accide<i>n</i>tall maner through his hastines, for he is of +nature hote & drye. The flematike co<i>m</i>meth often to dethe +thorough great excesse of mete & drinke, or other great labours +doinge / for his nature is colde and moyste, & can not well disiest. +And mela<i>n</i>coly is heuy / full of care & heuynes / whereof he +engendereth moche euyll blode that causeth great sekenes, which bringeth +him vnto dethe. Thus go we al vnto the howse of dethe / the one thrugh +ensuynge of his co<i>m</i>plexion / the other through the ordenances of +almyghty god. The thirde through the planetis & signes of the +firmame<i>n</i>t.” fol. a vi.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +* <i>orig.</i> do.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_799" id="nurture_linenote_799" href="#nurture_line_799">l. 799</a>, +<i>Beef.</i> Laurens Andrewe, <i>Noble Lyfe</i>, sign. C. i., +Pt. i. says, “Of the oxce, ca. xiiij.<ins class="mycorr" title="text has second open quote"> </ins>The oxce is a co<i>m</i>panable +beste, & amonge his co<i>m</i>pani he is very meke / & alwaye he +seketh his felowe that was wont to go in the plowghe wyth hym / and whan +he fyndeth nat his felow, than cryeth he wyth a lowde voyce, makyng gret +mone / as it were one <i>tha</i>t wolde make a mourninge +co<i>m</i>playnt. A bull lyueth .xv. yere, and a oxce .xx. yere. +¶ Isaac sayth that an oxce flessh is the dryest flesshe amonge all +other / & his blode is nat holsome to be eten, for it wyll nat +lightly disieste. & therfore it fedeth sore, & it maketh euyll +hu<i>m</i>oures, & bredeth mela<i>n</i>coly / & they +melancolicus that eat moche suche metes be like to suffer many diseases, +as to gete an harde mylte / the febris quartayn / the dropcy / mangnies, +lepry, &c.”</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_799a" id="nurture_linenote_799a" href="#nurture_line_799">l. 799</a>, +<i>Mutton.</i> Wether mutton was rightly held the best. See “The +operacion” below. “¶ Of the Ramme or weddr. Ca. iij. Ysydorus sayth +that the ra<i>m</i>me or wedder is the lodysman of other shepe / and he +is the male or man of the oye, and is stronger than the other shepe / +& he is also called a wedder because of a worme that he hath in his +hede / & whan that begi<i>n</i>neth for to stirre, than wyll he +tucke and feght / and he fereth naturally the thonder, as other shepe +dothe. For whan a shepe is with frute, hering the thonder, she casteth +her frute, and bryngeth it dede to the worlde. and the wedder in the +tyme that he bespryngeth the oye, than is it in the tyme of loue amonge +the shepe / and the Ra<i>m</i>me or wedder wyl feght boldly for theyr +wyues one with another....</p> + +<p class="center">The Operacion.</p> + +<p>¶ The flesshe of a yo<i>n</i>ge wether that is gelded is moch better +than any other motton / for it is nat so moyste as other motton, and it +is hoter, and whan it disgesteth well it maketh gode blode / but the +flessh of an oled ra<i>m</i>me wyll nat lightely disgest, & that is +very euyll.” L. Andrewe, <i>Noble Lyfe</i>, Pt. I. sign. b. i. +back.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_800" id="nurture_linenote_800" href="#nurture_line_800">l. 800</a>, +<i>Chykon.</i> On the cocke & hen L. Andrewe discourses as +follows: “the Cocke is a noble byrde with a combe on his hed & vnder +his iawes / he croweth in <i>th</i>e night heuely & light in +<i>th</i>e morni<i>n</i>ge / & is fare herd w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the +wi<i>n</i>de. The lyon is afrayd of the cocke / & specially of the +whyte / the crowyng of the cocke is swete & profitable; he wakeneth +<i>th</i>e sleper / he conforteth the sorowful / & reioyseth the +wakers in tokenynge <i>tha</i>t the night is passed.... The flesshe of +the coscke is groser tha<i>n</i> the flesshe of the +<span class="pagenum">106</span> +<a name="page106" id="page106"> </a> +<!-- png 228 --> +he<i>n</i>ne or capon. Nota / the olde cockes flesshe is tenderer than +the yonge. The capons flesshe is mightiest of all fowles & maketh +gode blode. Auicea<i>n</i>na. The cokerels flesshe <i>tha</i>t neuer +crewe is bett<i>er</i> than <i>th</i>e olde cockes flesshe: the stones +be gode for the<i>m</i> that haue to light a disiestyon / the brothe of +hym is gode for the payn in <i>th</i>e mawe <i>tha</i>t co<i>m</i>meth +of wynde.” <i>Noble Lyfe</i>, n. i. back. Of the hen, +L. Andrewe says: “the he<i>n</i>ne is <i>th</i>e wyfe of the cocke +/ & ye shall lay odde egges vnder her for to hatche / ... The +flesshe of the yonge he<i>n</i>ne or she haue layde / is better than of +the olde he<i>n</i>ne / also the grese of the cheken is moche hoter than +of the he<i>n</i>ne.” <i>Noble Lyfe</i>, n. i. back.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_802" id="nurture_linenote_802" href="#nurture_line_802">l. 802</a>, +<i>Goose.</i> “The tame gese ... be heuy in fleinge, gredi at their +mete, & diligent to theyr rest / & they crye the houres of +y<sup>e</sup> night, & therwith they fere y<sup>e</sup> theues. In +the hillis of alpis be gese as great, nere ha<i>n</i>de, as an ostriche: +they be so heuy of body that they cannat flee, & so me take them +with the hande.... The gose flessh is very grose of nature in +disiestion.” <i>Noble Lyfe</i>, L. i. back. Part ii. +cap. 10.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_803" id="nurture_linenote_803" href="#nurture_line_803">l. 803</a>, +<i>Capon.</i> “Gallinacius / the capon is a gelded cocke / & because +<i>tha</i>t he is gelded he waxeth the soner fatte / & though he go +with the hennes, he dothe nat defende them / nor he croweth nat.” +L. Andrewe, <i>Noble Lyfe</i>, fol. n. ij.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_804" id="nurture_linenote_804" href="#nurture_line_804">l. 804</a>, +<i>Eggis.</i> “the new lyde egges be better than the olde / the henne +egges be better tha<i>n</i> ani other egges, whan thei be fresshe, & +specialli whan thei be rere, tha<i>n</i> they make gode blode / but the +egges that be harde rosted be of <i>th</i>e grose metis.</p> + +<p class="center">The Operacion.</p> + +<p>All maners of egges waken a man to the worke of lecherie, & +specialli sparowes egges. Auice<i>n</i>na: The ducke egges & suche +like make grose humoures. The best of the egges is the yolke, & that +causeth sperma / the white of the egge enclineth to be cole. whan an +he<i>n</i>ne shall brede, take hede of those egges that be blont on +bothe endes, & thei shal be he<i>n</i>ne chekens / & those that +be longe & sharpe on bothe endes shall be cocke chekens.” +L. Andrewe. <i>Noble Lyfe</i> (o iij. back).</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_808" id="nurture_linenote_808" href="#nurture_line_808">l. 808</a>, <i>Lamb.</i> Laurens Andrewe, Pt. i. +says. ¶ Of the La<i>m</i>me. Cap. p<i>ri</i>mo. In the +begi<i>n</i>nynge we haue the La<i>m</i>me, because he is the moste +mekest beste leuinge, for it offe<i>n</i>deth nobody / and all that he +hathe on him is gode / y<sup>e</sup> flesshe for to eate, the skynne to +make parcheme<i>n</i>t or ledder / the donge for to do<i>n</i>ge the +felde / the clawes & hornes be medicinable / he dredeth the wolfe +sore / & he knoweth his da<i>m</i>me best be her bleting, though she +be amonge many shepe.</p> + +<p class="center">The Operacion.</p> + +<p>The Lam<i>m</i>e that soucketh his dam<i>m</i>e hath his flesshe very +slymie, & nat lowable / and it will nat be disgested, principally of +them that haue cold stomakes. la<i>m</i>mes of a yere olde be better +& lighter to disgest / & they make gode blode / and specyally +they be gode for theym that be hote & drye of complexcyon & +dwell in a hote & drye lande / la<i>m</i>mes flesshe is very gode +for one that is hole & lusti, but for theim <i>tha</i>t be seke it +is very euyll: though +<span class="pagenum">107</span> +<a name="page107" id="page107"> </a> +<!-- png 229 --> +it lightely disgest and descende out of the man / yet it is euyll for +other partes of the body, for it maketh slimy humours. sign. +b. i.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_808a" id="nurture_linenote_808a" href="#nurture_line_808">l. 808</a>, +<i>Cony.</i> “The coney is a lytel beste dwellynge in an hole of the +erthe / & thore as he vseth he encreaseth very moche, and therfore +he is profitable for man, for he casteth oftentymes in the yere ... +Ysaac sayth. That conys flesshe hath properli <i>th</i>e vertue to +strengen <i>th</i>e mawe and to dissolue the bely / and it casseth moche +vryne.” <i>The Noble Lyfe</i>, sign. e. i.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_811" id="nurture_linenote_811" href="#nurture_line_811">l. 811.</a> +<i>Mead</i> or <i>Meath</i>, a drink made of Ginger, Sugar, Honey and +Spring water boiled together. R. Holme.</p> + +<p><i>Metheglin</i>, a drink made of all sorts of wholesome Herbs boiled +and strained with Honey and Water, and set to work with Bearm, as Ale or +Beer. <i>R. Holme.</i> Dan. <i>miod.</i></p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_811a" id="nurture_linenote_811a" href="#nurture_line_811">l. 811.</a> +<i>Braggot.</i> This drinke is of a most hot nature, as being compos’d +of Spices, and if it once scale the sconce, and enter within the +circumclusion of the <i>Perricranion</i>, it doth much accelerate +nature, by whose forcible atraction and operation, the drinker (by way +of distribution) is easily enabled to afford blowcs to his brother. In +Taylor. <i>Drink & Welcome</i>, 1637, A 3, back.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_812" id="nurture_linenote_812" href="#nurture_line_812">l. 812.</a> +Mussels (<i>Mityli</i>, <i>Chamæ</i>) were never in credit, but amongst +the poorer sort, till lately the lilly-white Mussel was found out about +Romers-wall, as we sail betwixt Flushing and Bergen-up-Zon, where indeed +in the heat of Sommer they are commonly and much eaten without any +offence to the head, liver, or stomach: yea my self (whom once twenty +Mussels had almost poisoned at Cambridg, and who have seen sharp, +filthy, and cruel diseases follow the eating of English Mussels) did +fill my self with those Mussels of the Low Country, being never a whit +distempered with my bold adventure. <i>Muffett</i>, p. 159.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_824" id="nurture_linenote_824" href="#nurture_line_824">l. 824</a>, +<i>Samon.</i></p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Also sumtyme where samons vsen for to haunte,</p> +<p>Lampreys, luces, or pykkes plesaunte,</p> +<p>wenyth the fyscher suche fysche to fynde.</p> +<p class="author"><i>Piers of Fullham</i>, ll. 11-13.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_835" id="nurture_linenote_835" href="#nurture_note_229">l. 835, <sup>229</sup></a> <i>Torrentyne.</i> The +passage before that quoted from Aldrovandi, de Piscibus, p. 585, in +the note, is, “Trutta, siue ut Platina scribit Truta, siue Trotta +Italicu<i>m</i> nome<i>n</i> est, à Gallis, quibus Troutte vel potius +Truette, vel ab Anglis quib<i>us</i> à Trute, vel Trovvt +appella<i>n</i>t, acceptum. Rhæti qui Italica lingua corrupta vtuntur, +Criues vocant, teste Gesnero.” The special fish from the Tarentine gulf +is the “Tarentella, Piscis genus. Tract. MS. de Pisc. cap. 26 ex Cod. +reg. 6838. C.: <i>Magnus thunnus, is scilicet qui a nostris</i> Ton +<i>vocatur . . dicitur Italis Tarentella, a</i> Tarentino, <i>unde +advehitur, sinu</i>.” Ducange, ed. 1846.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_845" id="nurture_linenote_845" href="#nurture_line_845">l. 845.</a> +<i>Hake. Merlucius</i> (or <i>Gadus</i>) <i>vulgaris</i> Y. ii. 258, +‘the Seapike . . It is a coarse fish, not admitted to the tables of +the wealthy; but large quantities are anuually preserved both by salting +and drying, part of which is exported to Spain.’ ‘Fish, samon, +<i>hake</i>, herynge’ are some of the commoditees of Irelonde mentioned +in the <i>Libelle</i> (<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1436), +p. 186.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">108</span> +<a name="page108" id="page108"> </a> +<!-- png 230 --> +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_839" id="nurture_linenote_839" href="#nurture_line_839">l. 839</a>, <i>reffett.</i> In the following extract +<i>refete</i> has the <i>Promptorium</i> meaning:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>eteth of the [full grown] fysche, and be not so lykerous,</p> +<p>Let the yong leve that woll be so plenteous;</p> +<p>ffor though the bottomles belyes be not ffyllyd with such +<i>refete</i>,</p> +<p>Yet the saver of sauze may make yt good mete.</p> +<p class="author"><i>Piers of Fullham</i>, ll. 80-3, <i>E. Pop. +P.</i>, v. 2, p 5.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_842" id="nurture_linenote_842" href="#nurture_line_842">l. 842.</a> +<i>breme.</i></p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>... y schall none pondes with pykes store,</p> +<p><i>Breme</i>, perche, ne with tenche none the +more.—<i>Ibid.</i> ll. 51-2.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_843" id="nurture_linenote_843" href="#nurture_line_843">l. 843</a>, +<i>flowndurs.</i></p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>But now men on deyntees so hem delyte,</p> +<p>To fede hem vpon the fysches lyte,</p> +<p>As <i>flowndres</i>, perches, and such pykyng ware;</p> +<p>Thes can no man gladly now-a-day spare</p> +<p>To suffyr them wex vnto resonable age.—<i>Ibid.</i> ll. +74-8.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_867" id="nurture_linenote_867" href="#nurture_line_867">l. 867.</a> +<i>Hose.</i> For eight pair of <i>hosen</i> of cloth of divers colours, +at xiij s. iiij d. the pair; and for four pair “of sokks of fustian” at +iij d. the pair (p. 118) ... for making and lyning of vj pair of +<i>hosen</i> of puke lyned with cloth of the goodes of the saide +Richard, for lynyng of every pair iij s. iiij d. xx s. Wardrobe Accounts +of Edw. IV. (ed. Nicolas) p. 120.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_879" id="nurture_linenote_879" href="#nurture_line_879">l. 879.</a> +Combing the head was specially enjoined by the doctors. See <a href="#borde">A. Borde</a>, <a href="#vaughan">Vaughan</a>, &c., +below.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_915" id="nurture_linenote_915" href="#nurture_line_915">l. 915.</a> +<i>Fustian.</i> March, 1503, ‘for v yerdes <i>fustyan</i> for a cote at +vij d. the yerd ij s. xj d.’ Nicolas’s Elizabeth of York, p. 105. +See <a href="#borde">A. Borde</a>, below. ‘Coleyne threde, +<i>fustiane</i>, and canvase’ are among the ‘commodites ... fro Pruse +ibroughte into Flaundres,’ according to the <i>Libelle</i>, +p. 171,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>But tha Flemmyngis amonge these thinges dere</p> +<p>In comen lowen beste bacon and bere:</p> +<p>Thus arn thy hogges, and drynkye wele staunt;</p> +<p>Fare wele Flemynge, hay, horys, hay, avaunt. (See <a href="#borde_note_4"><i>n.</i> p. 131</a>, below.)</p> +</div> + +<p>A. Borde, in his <i>Introduction</i>, makes one of the Januayes +(Genoese) say,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>I make good treacle, and also <i>fustian</i>,</p> +<p>With such thynges I crauft with many a pore man.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_941" id="nurture_linenote_941" href="#nurture_line_941">l. 941-5.</a> +See the extracts from <a href="#borde">Andrew Borde</a>, <a href="#vaughan">W. Vaughan</a>, &c., below.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_945" id="nurture_linenote_945" href="#nurture_line_945">l. 945.</a> +The Motte bredethe amonge clothes tyll that they have byten it a sonder +/ & it is a maniable worm, and yet it hydeth him in y<sup>e</sup> +clothe that it can scantly be sene / & it bredethe gladly in clothes +that haue ben i<i>n</i> an euyll ayre, or in a rayn or myst, and so +layde vp without hanging in the sonne or other swete ayre after.</p> + +<p class="center"> +The Operacyon.</p> + +<p>The erbes that be bitter & well smelli<i>n</i>ge is good to be +layde amo<i>n</i>ge suche clothes / as the baye leuis, cypres wode. +<i>The Noble Lyfe</i> (i. 3.) Pt. i. Cap. c.xlij. sign. +i. 3.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_969" id="nurture_linenote_969" href="#nurture_line_969">l. 969.</a> +<i>Catte.</i> The mouse hounter or catte is an onclene beste, & a +<span class="pagenum">109</span> +<a name="page109" id="page109"> </a> +<!-- png 231 --> +poyson ennemy to all myse / and whan she hath goten [one], she playeth +therwith / but yet she eteth it / & y<sup>e</sup> catte hath +lo<i>n</i>ge here on her mouthe / and whan her heres be gone, than hathe +she no boldnes / and she is gladli in a warme place / and she licketh +her forefete & wassheth therwith her face. Laurens Andrewe, <i>The +Noble Lyfe</i> (g. iv.), Part I. cap. c.i.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_970" id="nurture_linenote_970" href="#nurture_line_970">l. 970</a>, +<i>dogge.</i> Here is the first part of Laurens Andrewe’s Chapter.</p> + +<p class="center"> +Of the dogge. ca. xxiiij.</p> + +<p>The dogge is an onclenly beste / <i>tha</i>t eteth so moche that he +vomyteth it out & eteth vp agayne / it is lightly angry, and byteth +gladly strau<i>n</i>ge dogges / he barketh moche / he kn[oweth] his name +well / he is hered [all over his b]ody, he loueth his mast[er, and is +eselye] lerned to many games / & be night he kepeth the house. There +be many hou<i>n</i>des <i>tha</i>t for the loue of theyr maister they +wyll ro<i>n</i>ne in their owne dethe / & whan the dogge is seke / +he seketh grasse or other erbes / & that he eteth, and heleth +himselfe so / and there be many maner of dogges or hou<i>n</i>des to +hawke & hunt, as grayhou<i>n</i>des / braches / spanyellis, or suche +other, to hunt hert and hynde / & other bestes of chace & +venery, &c. and suche be named ge<i>n</i>tyll hou<i>n</i>des. +The bitche hath mylke .v. or vij. dayes or she litter her whelpes / +and that milke is thicker tha<i>n</i> any other mylke excepte swynes +mylke or hares mylke. fol. c. iv.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_970a" id="nurture_linenote_970a" href="#nurture_line_970">l. 970</a>, +<i>Catte.</i> L. Andrewe says</p> + +<p class="center"> +“Of the Catte. ca. xxv.</p> + +<p>The catte is a beste <i>tha</i>t seeth sharpe, and she byteth sore / +and scratcheth right perylously / & is principall ennemye to rattis +& myce / & her colour is of nature graye / and the cause +<i>tha</i>t they be other wyse colowred, that co<i>m</i>methe through +chaunge of mete, as it is well marked by the house catte, for they be +selden colored lyke the wylde catte. & their flesshe is bothe nesshe +& soffte.” <i>Noble Lyfe</i>, Part II. c. iv.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_983" id="nurture_linenote_983" href="#nurture_line_983">l. 983.</a> +Bathe. ‘Bathing is harmful to them [who are splenitie] chiefly after +meat, and copulation (following) on surfeit ... Let him also bathe +himself in sweet water. Without, he is to be leeched and smeared with +oil of roses, and with onlayings (or poultices made of) wine and grapes, +and often must an onlay be wrought of butter, and of new wax, and of +hyssop and of oil; mingle with goose grease or lard of swine, and with +frankincense and mint; and when he bathes let him smear himself with +oil; mingle (it) with saffron.’ <i>Leechdoms</i>, v. 2, +p. 245.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_987" id="nurture_linenote_987" href="#nurture_line_987">l. 987.</a> +<i>Scabiosa</i>, so named of old tyme, because it is giuen in drinke +inwardly, or ointmentes outwardly, to heale scabbes, sores, corrupcion +in the stomacke, yea, and is most frend emong all other herbes in the +tyme of the Pestilence, to drinke the water with Mithridatum a mornynges +... the flowers is like a Blewe or white thrummed hatte, the stalk +rough, the vpper leaues ragged, and the leaues next the grose rootes be +plainer. Under whom often tymes, Frogges will shadowe theim selues, from +the heate of the daie: hoppyng and plaiyng vnder these leaues, whiche to +them is a pleasaunt Tente or pauillion, saieth Aristophanes, whiche maie +a plade +<span class="pagenum">110</span> +<a name="page110" id="page110"> </a> +<!-- png 232 --> +(= made a play), wherein Frogges made pastime. <i>Bullein’s +Bulwarke</i>, 1562, or, <i>The booke of Simples</i>, fol. +xvj. b.</p> + +<p class="mynote"> +The following note was originally labeled “67/991” (page 67, +line 991) and was printed between the <a href="#nurture_linenote_280">notes for l. 280</a> and l. 300.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_991" id="nurture_linenote_991" href="#nurture_line_991">l. 991.</a> +Rosemary is not mentioned among the herbs for the bath; though a poem in +praise of the herb says:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Moche of this herbe to seeth thu take</p> +<p>In water, and a bathe thow make;</p> +<p>Hyt schal the make lyȝt and joly,</p> +<p>And also lykyng and ȝowuly.</p> + +<p class="author"><i>MS. of C. W. Loscombe, Esq., in Reliquiæ +Antiquæ</i>, i. 196.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_995" id="nurture_linenote_995" href="#nurture_line_995">l. 995.</a> +<i>Bilgres.</i> Can this be <i>bugloss</i>? I find this, as here, +in juxtaposition with <i>scabiose</i>, in Bullein’s <i>Bulwarke of +Defence</i>, Book of Simples, fol xvj. b. G. P. Marsh.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_1004" id="nurture_linenote_1004" href="#nurture_line_1004">l. 1004.</a> +For Selden’s Chapter on Precedence, see his <i>Titles of Honour</i>, ch. +xi. Rouge Dragon (Mr G. Adams) tells me that the order of precedence has +varied from time to time, and that the one now in force differs in many +points from Russell’s.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_linenote_1040" id="nurture_linenote_1040" href="#nurture_line_1040">l. 1040.</a> +<i>Nurrieris.</i> I find no such name in Selden’s chap. ix., Of Women. +Does the word mean ‘foster-mothers or fathers,’ from the Latin +“Nutricarii, Matricularii, quibus enutriendi ac educandi infantes +projectos cura incumbebat: <i>Nourissiers.</i> Vita S. Goaris cap. 10: +<i>Hæcque consuetudo erat, ut quando aliquis homo de ipsis infantibus +projectis misericordia vellet curam habere, ab illis, quos</i> +Nutricarios <i>vocant, matriculariis S. Petri compararet, et illi +Episcopo ipsum infantem præsentare deberent, et postea Episcopi +auctoritas eumdem hominem de illo</i> Nutricario <i>confirmabat</i>. +<i>Id clarius explicatur a Wandelberto in Vita ejusdem Sancti</i>, cap. +20.” Ducange, ed. 1845.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div linenote --> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p>The following list of <a name="nurture_yarrell" id="nurture_yarrell">Names of Fish</a>, from Yarrell, may be found +convenient for reference.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<i>Names of Fish from Yarrell’s History of British Fish</i>, 1841, +2<i>nd ed.</i></p> + +<table class="toc" summary="names of fish"> +<tr class="center smaller"> +<td width="45%">English Names</td> +<td>Latin Names.</td> +<td class="right">Yar., vol., page</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Basse</td> +<td><p><i>Perca labrax</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 8</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Bleak</td> +<td><p><i>Luciscus</i>, or <i>Cyprinus alburnus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 419</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Bream or Carp-Bream</p></td> +<td><p><i>Abramis</i>, or <i>Cyprinus brama</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 382</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> „ the common Sea-</p></td> +<td><p><i>Pagellus centrodontus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 123</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Brill, or Pearl, Kite, <span class="smallcaps">Brett</span>, +Bonnet-Fleuk</p></td> +<td><p><i>Rhombus vulgaris</i>, or <i>Pleuronectes rhombus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 231</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Butt, Flook, or Flounder</p></td> +<td><p><i>Pleuronectes flesus</i>, or <i>Platessa flesus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 303</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Common Cod, or Keeling</p></td> +<td><p><i>Morrhua vulgaris</i>, or <i>Gadus morrhua</i> +(Jenyns)</p></td> +<td class="number">ii 221</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Green Cod</p></td> +<td><p><i>Merlangus virens</i> (Cuvier) <i>Gadus virens</i> +(Linnæus)</p></td> +<td class="number">ii 256</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Conger</td> +<td><p><i>Conger vulgaris</i>, or <i>Muræna conger</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 402</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Dace, Dare, or Dait</p></td> +<td><p><i>Leuciscus vulgaris</i>, or <i>Cyprinus leuciscus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 404</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"><p>Dog Fish (the common), The Picked Dog-Fish, or +Bone Dog (Sussex), Hoe (Orkney)</p></td> +<td><p><i>Spinax acanthias</i>, or <i>Squalus acanthias</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 524</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"><p>Small Spotted Dog Fish or Morgay (Scotl.), Robin +Huss (Sussex Coast)</p></td> +<td><p><i>Scyllium canicula</i>, or <i>Squalus canicula</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 487</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Large Spotted Dog Fish, or Bounce (Scotl. & Devon)</p></td> +<td><p><i>Scyllium stellaris</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 493</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<span class="pagenum">111</span> +<a name="page111" id="page111"> </a> +<!-- png 233 --> +<p>Black-mouthed Dog-Fish, or Eyed Dog-Fish (Cornwall)</p></td> +<td><p><i>Scyllium melanostomum</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 495</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"><p> The Smooth Hound or Shate-toothed Shark, +Ray-mouthed Dog (Cornwall)</p></td> +<td><p><i>Squalus mustelus</i>, or <i>Mustelus lævis</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 512</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Dory, or Dorée</p></td> +<td><p><i>Zeus faber</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 183</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Sharp-nosed Eel</p></td> +<td><p><i>Anguilla acutirostris</i>, or <i>vulgaris</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 381</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Broad-nosed Eel</p></td> +<td><p><i>Anguilla latirostris</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 396</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Flounder, or Flook (Merret). Mayock, Fluke (Edinb.), +Butt.</p></td> +<td><p><i>Platessa flesus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 303</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Grayling</td> +<td><p><i>Thymallus vulgaris</i>, or <i>Salmo thymallus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 136</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Gudgeon</td> +<td><p><i>Gobio fluviatilis</i>, or <i>Cyprinus gobio</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 371</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Red Gurnard</p></td> +<td><p><i>Trigla cuculus</i>, or <i>lineata</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 38-63</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Haddock</td> +<td><p><i>Morrhua æglefinus</i>, or <i>Gadus æglefinus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 233</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Hake</td> +<td><p><i>Merlucius vulgaris</i>, or <i>Gadus merlucius</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 253</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Herring</td> +<td><p><i>Clupea harengus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 183</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Holibut</td> +<td><p><i>Hippoglossus vulgaris</i>, or <i>Pleuronectes +hippoglossus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 321</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Hornfish, <span class="smallcaps">Garfish</span>, Sea-pike, +Long Nose, &c.</p></td> +<td><p><i>Belone vulgaris</i>, or <i>Esox belone</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 442</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Keeling. See Common Cod</p></td> +<td></td> +<td class="number">ii 221</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Lampern, or River Lamprey*</p></td> +<td><p><i>Petromyzon fluviatilis</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 604</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Lamprey</td> +<td><p><i>Petromyzon marinus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 598</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Ling</td> +<td><p><i>Lota molva</i> (Cuvier), or <i>Gadus molva</i> +(Linnæus)</p></td> +<td class="number">ii 264</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Luce, or <span class="smallcaps">Pike</span></p></td> +<td><p><i>Esox lucius</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 434</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Lump-fish</td> +<td></td> +<td class="number">ii 365</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Mackarel</td> +<td><p><i>Scomber scombrus</i>, or <i>vulgaris</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 137</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Merling, or Whiting</p></td> +<td><p><i>Merlangus vulgaris</i> (Cuvier), or <i>Gadus merlangus</i> +(Linnæus)</p></td> +<td class="number">ii 244</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Minnow</td> +<td><p><i>Leuciscus</i>, or <i>Cyprinus phoxinus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 423</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Mullet, grey, or Common</p></td> +<td><p><i>Mugil capito</i>, or <i>cephalus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 234</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Muræna</td> +<td><p><i>Muræna Helena</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 406</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Perch</td> +<td><p><i>Perca fluviatilis</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 1</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Pike</td> +<td><p><i>Esox lucius</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 434</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Plaice</td> +<td><p><i>Platessa vulgaris</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 297</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Roach</td> +<td><p><i>Cyprinus rutilis</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 399</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Salmon</td> +<td><p><i>Salmo Salar</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 1</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> + +<span class="pagenum">112</span> +<a name="page112" id="page112"> </a> +<!-- png 234 --> + +<p>Smelt. <i>Spirling</i> and <i>Sparling</i> in Scotland</p></td> +<td><p><i>Salmo Sperlanus</i>, or <i>Osmerus Sperlanus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 75 & 129</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Sturgeon, the Common</p></td> +<td><p><i>Acipenser Sturio</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 475</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p> „ the +Broad-nosed</p></td> +<td><p><i>Acipenser latirostris</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 479</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Swordfish</td> +<td><p><i>Xiphias gladius</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 164</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Tench</td> +<td><p><i>Tinca vulgaris</i>, or <i>Cyprinus tinca</i></p></td> +<td class="number">i 375</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Thornback</td> +<td><p><i>Raia clavata</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 583</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Trout, Common</p></td> +<td><p><i>Salmo fario</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 85</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Turbot, or Rawn Fleuk and Bannock Fluck (Scotl.)</p></td> +<td><p><i>Rhombus maximus</i>, or <i>Pleuronectes maximus</i></p></td> +<td class="number">ii 324</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Vendace or Vendis (? Venprides, <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘l. 821’"><a href="#nurture_line_820">l. 820</a></ins>, Russell)</p></td> +<td><p><i>Coregonus Willughbii</i>, or <i>Coregonus Marænula</i> +(Jenyns)</p></td> +<td class="number">ii 146</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Whiting, or Merling</p></td> +<td><p><i>Merlangus vulgaris</i> (Cuvier) <i>Gadus merlangus</i> +(Linnæus)</p></td> +<td class="number">ii 244</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="footnote"> +* The Lamperns have been taken in the Thames at Teddington this autumn +(1866) in extraordinary quantities.</p> + +<hr> + +<div class="mynote"> +<h5><a name="nurturetext" id="nurturetext" href="#nurturepic">Title Page</a></h5> +</div> + +<div class="titlepage"> + +<h1 class="six">The</h1> + +<p> </p> + +<h1 class="one">Boke of Nurture</h1> + +<p> </p> + +<h1 class="three">Folowyng Englondis gise</h1> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<h2 class="three">BY ME</h2> + +<p> </p> + +<h1 class="two">John Russell,</h1> + +<p> </p> + +<h2 class="three">SUM TYME SERUANDE WITH DUKE VMFREY OF GLOWCETUR,<br> +A PRYNCE FULLE ROYALLE, WITH WHOM VSCHERE IN<br> +CHAMBUR WAS Y, AND MERSHALLE ALSO<br> +IN HALLE.</h2> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<h2 class="two"><i>Edited from the Harleian MS. 4011 in the British +Museum</i></h2> + +<p> </p> + +<h2 class="three">BY</h2> + +<h2 class="one">FREDERICK J. FURNIVALL,</h2> + +<h2 class="three">M.A., TRIN. HALL. CAMB.; MEMBER OF COUNCIL OF THE +PHILOLOGICAL<br> +AND EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETIES; LOVER OF OLD BOOKS.</h2> + +</div> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<h4>Boke of Nurture: Footnotes</h4> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<span class="pagenum">1</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_1" id="nurture_note_1" href="#nurture_tag_1">1.</a> +do, get on.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_2" id="nurture_note_2" href="#nurture_tag_2">2.</a> +? þat = nought can.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">2</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_3" id="nurture_note_3" href="#nurture_tag_3">3.</a> +The Lawnd in woodes. <i>Saltus nemorum.</i> Baret, 1580. <i>Saltus</i>, +a launde. Glossary in <i>Rel. Ant.</i>, v. 1, p. 7, col. 1. +<i>Saltus</i>, a forest-pasture, woodland-pasture, woodland; +a forest.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_4" id="nurture_note_4" href="#nurture_tag_4">4.</a> +at will. A.S. <i>wilsum</i>, free willed.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_5" id="nurture_note_5" href="#nurture_tag_5">5.</a> +A.S. <i>hirne</i>, corner. Dan. <i>hiörne</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_6" id="nurture_note_6" href="#nurture_tag_6">6.</a> +Halke or hyrne. <i>Angulus</i>, <i>latibulum</i>; A.S. hylca, +<i>sinus</i> Promptorium Parvulorum and note.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_7" id="nurture_note_7" href="#nurture_tag_7">7.</a> +AS. <i>fregnan</i>, to ask; Goth., <i>fraihnan</i>; Germ., +<i>fragen.</i></p> + +<span class="pagenum">3</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_8" id="nurture_note_8" href="#nurture_tag_8">8.</a> +AS. <i>lis</i> remissio, lenitas; Dan. <i>lise</i>, Sw. <i>lisa</i>, +relief.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_9" id="nurture_note_9" href="#nurture_tag_9">9.</a> +<i>for</i> me to</p> + +<span class="pagenum">4</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_10" id="nurture_note_10" href="#nurture_tag_10">10.</a> +In Sir John Fastolfe’s <i>Bottre</i>, 1455, are “ij. kerving knyves, +iij. kneyves in a schethe, the haftys of every (ivory) withe naylys gilt +. . . j. trencher-knyfe.” <i>Domestic Arch.</i>, +v. 3, p. 157-8. <i>Hec mensacula</i>, a dressyng-knyfe, +p. 256; trencher-knyves, <i>mensaculos</i>. Jn. de Garlande, +Wright’s Vocab. p. 123<ins class="mycorr" title=". missing">. </ins></p> + +<span class="pagenum">5</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_11" id="nurture_note_11" href="#nurture_tag_11">11.</a> +An Augre, or wimble, wherewith holes are bored. Terebra & terebrum. +<i>Vng tarriere.</i> Baret’s Alvearie, 1580.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_12" id="nurture_note_12" href="#nurture_tag_12">12.</a> +A Cannell or gutter. <i>Canalis.</i> Baret. <i>Tuyau</i>, a pipe, +quill, cane, reed, canell. Cotgrave. <i>Canelle</i>, the faucet +[l. 68] or quill of a wine vessel; also, the cocke, or spout of a +conduit. Cot.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_13" id="nurture_note_13" href="#nurture_tag_13">13.</a> +A Faucet, or tappe, a flute, a whistle, a pipe as well to conueigh +water, as an instrument of Musicke. <i>Fistula</i> ... <i>Tábulus.</i> +Baret.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_14" id="nurture_note_14" href="#nurture_tag_14">14.</a> +<i>Tampon</i>, a bung or stopple. Cot. Tampyon for a +gon—<i>tampon.</i> Palsg.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_15" id="nurture_note_15" href="#nurture_tag_15">15.</a> +The projecting rim of a cask. Queen Elizabeth’s ‘yeoman drawer hath for +his fees, all the lees of wine within fowre fingers of the <i>chine</i>, +&c.’ <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 295, (referred to by Halliwell).</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_16" id="nurture_note_16" href="#nurture_tag_16">16.</a> <i>Ashore</i>, aslant, see <a href="#nurture_note_58">note to l. 299</a>. +<span class="notation">Labeled in text as “l. 71” and printed +between notes 13, 14.</span></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="nurture_note_17" id="nurture_note_17" href="#nurture_tag_17">17.</a> +? This may be <i>butter-cheese</i>, milk- or cream-cheese, as contrasted +with the ‘hard chese’ <a href="#nurture_line_84">l. 84-5</a>; but +butter is treated of separately, <a href="#nurture_line_88">l. 89</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_18" id="nurture_note_18" href="#nurture_tag_18">18.</a> +Fruit preserves of some kind; not the stew of chickens, herbs, honey, +ginger, &c., for which a recipe is given on p. 18 of <i>Liber +Cure Cocorum.</i> Cotgrave has <i>Composte</i>: f. A condiment or +composition; +<span class="pagenum">6</span> +a wet sucket (wherein sweet wine was vsed in stead of sugar), also, +a pickled or winter Sallet of hearbes, fruits, or flowers, condited +in vinegar, salt, sugar, or sweet wine, and so keeping all the yeare +long; any hearbes, fruit, or flowers in pickle; also pickle it selfe. +Fr. <i>compote</i>, stewed fruit. The Recipe for <i>Compost</i> in the +Forme of Cury, Recipe 100 (C), p. 49-50, is “Take rote of +p<i>er</i>sel. pasternak of raseñs. scrape hem and waische he<i>m</i> +clene. take rap<i>is</i> & caboch<i>is</i> ypared and icorne. take +an erthen pa<i>n</i>ne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> clene wat<i>er</i>, & set +it on the fire. cast all þise þ<i>er</i>inne. whan þey buth boiled, cast +þ<i>er</i>to peer<i>is</i>, & p<i>ar</i>boile hem wel. take þise +thyng<i>is</i> up, & lat it kele on a fair cloth, do þ<i>er</i>to +salt whan it is colde in a vessel; take vineg<i>ur</i>, & +powdo<i>ur</i>, & safrou<i>n</i>, & do þ<i>er</i>to, & lat +alle þise þing<i>is</i> lye þ<i>er</i>in al nyȝt oþ<i>er</i> al day, +take wyne greke and hony clarified togidur, lumbarde mustard, & +raisou<i>n</i>s corance al hool. & grynde powdo<i>ur</i> of canel, +powdo<i>ur</i> douce, & aneys hole. & fenell seed. take alle +þise þing<i>is</i>, & cast togyd<i>ur</i> i<i>n</i> a pot of erthe. +and take þ<i>er</i>of whan þ<i>o</i>u wilt, & s<i>er</i>ue +forth.”</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_19" id="nurture_note_19" href="#nurture_tag_19">19.</a> +? not A.S. <i>wínberie</i>, a wine-berry, a grape, but our +<i>Whinberry</i>. But ‘Wineberries, currants’, Craven Gloss.; Sw. +<i>vin-bär</i>, a currant. On <i>hard cheese</i>, see <a href="#nurture_note_25">note to l. 86</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_20" id="nurture_note_20" href="#nurture_tag_20">20.</a> +<i>Blandureau</i>, m. The white apple, called (in some part of England) +a Blaundrell. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_21" id="nurture_note_21" href="#nurture_tag_21">21.</a> +See <a href="#nurture_note_18">note to l. 75</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_22" id="nurture_note_22" href="#nurture_tag_22">22.</a> +<i>Pouldre blanche</i>. A powder compounded of Ginger, Cinnamon, and +Nutmegs; much in use among Cookes. Cotgrave. Is there any authority for +the statement in <i>Domestic Architecture</i>, v. 1, p. 132; +that sugar ‘was sometimes called <i>blanch powdre</i>’? +P.S.—Probably the recollection of what Pegge says in the Preface +to the <i>Forme of Cury</i>, “There is mention of <i>blanch-powder or +white sugar</i>,” 132 [p. 63]. They, however, were not the same, +for see No. 193, p. xxvi-xxvii. On turning to the Recipe 132, of +“Peer<i>is</i> in confyt,” p. 62-3, we find “whan þei [the pears] +buth ysode, take he<i>m</i> up, make a syrup of wyne greke. oþ<i>er</i> +v<i>er</i>nage w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> blau<i>n</i>che powd<i>ur</i>, +oþ<i>er</i> white sug<i>ur</i>, and powdo<i>ur</i> gyng<i>ur</i>, & +do the per<i>is</i> þ<i>er</i>in.” It is needless to say that if a +modern recipe said take +<span class="pagenum">7</span> +“sugar or honey,” sugar could not be said “to be sometimes called” +honey. See Dawson Turner in Howard <ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by author from ‘Houeshold’">Household</ins> Books.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_23" id="nurture_note_23" href="#nurture_tag_23">23.</a> +<i>Ioncade</i>: f. A certaine spoone-meat made of creame, Rose-water and +Sugar. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_24" id="nurture_note_24" href="#nurture_tag_24">24.</a> +See the recipe to make it, <a href="#nurture_ypocras">lines +121-76</a>; and in <i>Forme of Cury</i>, p. 161.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_25" id="nurture_note_25" href="#nurture_tag_25">25.</a> +Muffett held a very different opinion. ‘Old and dry cheese hurteth +dangerously: for it stayeth siege [stools], stoppeth the Liver, +engendereth choler, melancholy, and the stone, lieth long in the stomack +undigested, procureth thirst, maketh a stinking breath and a scurvy +skin: Whereupon Galen and Isaac have well noted, That as we may feed +liberally of ruin cheese, and more liberally of fresh Cheese, so we are +not to taste any further of old and hard Cheese, then to close up the +mouth of our stomacks after meat,’ p. 131.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_26" id="nurture_note_26" href="#nurture_tag_26">26.</a> +In youth and old age. Muffett says, p. 129-30, ‘according to the +old Proverb, <i>Butter is Gold in the morning, Silver at noon, and lead +at night.</i> It is also best for children whilst they are growing, and +for old men when they are declining; but very unwholesom betwixt those +two ages, because through the heat of young stomacks, it is forthwith +converted into choler [bile]. The Dutchmen have a by-Verse amongst them +to this effect,</p> + +<div class="verse ital"> +<p>Eat Butter first, and eat it last,</p> +<p>And live till a hundred years be past’</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">8</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_27" id="nurture_note_27" href="#nurture_tag_27">27.</a> +See note to <a href="#nurture_note_23">l. 82</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_28" id="nurture_note_28" href="#nurture_tag_28">28.</a> +See ‘Rompney of Modoñ,’ among the sweet wines, <a href="#nurture_line_116">l. 119</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_29" id="nurture_note_29" href="#nurture_tag_29">29.</a> +<i>Eschec & mat.</i> Checke-mate at Chests; and (metaphorically) +a remedilesse disaster, miserie, or misfortune. Cot.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_30" id="nurture_note_30" href="#nurture_tag_30">30.</a> +<i>? ascia</i>, a dyse, Vocab. in <i>Reliq. Ant.</i> v. 1, +p. 8, col. 1; <i>ascia</i>, 1. an axe; (2. a mattock, +a hoe; 3. an instrument for mixing mortar). <i>Diessel</i>, ofte +<i>Diechsel</i>, A Carpenter-axe, or a Chip-axe. Hexham<ins class="mycorr" title="final period missing">. </ins></p> + +<span class="pagenum">9</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_31" id="nurture_note_31" href="#nurture_tag_31">31.</a> +? The name of the lees of some red wine. Phillips has <i>Rosa Solis</i>, +a kind of Herb; also a pleasant Liquor made of Brandy, Sugar, +Cinnamon, and other Ingredients agreeable to the Taste, and comfortable +to the Heart. (So called, as being at first prepared wholly of the juice +of the plant ros-solis (sun-dew) or drosera. Dict. of Arts and Sciences, +1767.)</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_32" id="nurture_note_32" href="#nurture_tag_32">32.</a> +See <a href="#nurture_note_8">note, l. 31</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_33" id="nurture_note_33" href="#nurture_tag_33">33.</a> +See <a href="#nurture_linenote_wine">note on these wines</a> at the +end of the poem.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_34" id="nurture_note_34" href="#nurture_tag_34">34.</a> +In the Recipe for Jussel of Flessh (Household Ord., p. 462), one +way of preparing the dish is ‘for a Lorde,’ another way ‘for Commons.’ +Other like passages also occur.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">10</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_35" id="nurture_note_35" href="#nurture_tag_35">35.</a> +Graines. <i>Cardamomum, Graine de paradis.</i> Baret. ‘Graines of +Paradise; or, the spice which we call, Graines.’ Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_36" id="nurture_note_36" href="#nurture_tag_36">36.</a> +<i>Cuite</i>, a seething, baking. Cot.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_37" id="nurture_note_37" href="#nurture_tag_37">37.</a> +<i>Spices.</i> Of those for the Percy Household, 1512, the yearly cost +was £25 19<i>s.</i> 7<i>d.</i>, for <i>Piper</i>, Rasyns of Corens, +Prones, <i>Gynger</i>, Mace, Clovvez, Sugour, <i>Cinamom</i>, Allmonds, +Daytts, Nuttmuggs, <i>Granes</i>, <i>Tornesole</i>, Saunders, <i>Powder +of Annes</i>, Rice, Coumfetts, <i>Galyngga</i>, <i>Longe Piper</i>, +<i>Blaynshe Powder</i>, and Safferon, p. 19, 20. Household Book, +ed. Bp. Percy.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">11</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_38" id="nurture_note_38" href="#nurture_tag_38">38.</a> +Canel, spyce. <i>Cinamomum, amomum.</i> Promt. Parv. <i>Canelle</i>, our +moderne Cannell or Cinnamom. Cot. (Named from its tube stalk?)</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_39" id="nurture_note_39" href="#nurture_tag_39">39.</a> +<i>Tourne-soleil.</i> Tornesole, Heliotropium. Cotgrave. Take bleue +<i>turnesole</i>, and dip hit in wyne, that the wyne may catch the +colour thereof, and colour the potage therwith. <i>H. Ord.</i>, +p. 465.... and take red <i>turnesole</i> steped wel in wyne, and +colour the potage with that wine, <i>ibid.</i> ‘And then with a little +<i>Turnsole</i> make it of a high murrey [mulberry] colour.’ Markham’s +Houswife, p. 70.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">12</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_40" id="nurture_note_40" href="#nurture_tag_40">40.</a> +Manche: f. A sleeue; also a long narrow bag (such as Hypocras is made +in). Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_41" id="nurture_note_41" href="#nurture_tag_41">41.</a> +boulting or straining cloth. ‘ij bulteclothes.’ Status Domus de +Fynchall, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1360. <i>Dom. Arch.</i> +v. 1, p. 136, note <i>f</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">13</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_42" id="nurture_note_42" href="#nurture_tag_42">42.</a> +Stale, dead. Pallyd, as drynke (palled, as ale). <i>Emortuus.</i> P. +Parv. See <a href="#borde">extract from A. Borde</a> in notes at +end.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_43" id="nurture_note_43" href="#nurture_tag_43">43.</a> +See <i>Dict. de L’Academie</i>, p. 422, col. 2, ed. 1835. +‘<i>Couche</i> se dit aussi de Toute substance qui est étendue, +appliquée sur une autre, de manière à la couvrir. <i>Revêtir un mur +d’une</i> couche <i>de plâtre, de mortier, &c.</i>’</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_44" id="nurture_note_44" href="#nurture_tag_44">44.</a> +Fr. <i>repli</i>: m. A fould, plait, or <i>bought</i>. Cotgrave. cf. +<i>Bow</i>, bend.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">14</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_45" id="nurture_note_45" href="#nurture_tag_45">45.</a> +Fine cloth, originally made at Rennes, in Bretagne.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">15</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_46" id="nurture_note_46" href="#nurture_tag_46">46.</a> +A.S. <i>gerǣdian</i>, to make ready, arrange, prepare.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">16</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_47" id="nurture_note_47" href="#nurture_tag_47">47.</a> +See the mode of laying the Surnape in Henry VII.’s time described in +<i>H. Ord.</i>, p. 119, at the end of this Poem.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">17</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_48" id="nurture_note_48" href="#nurture_tag_48">48.</a> +“A <i>Portpayne</i> for the said Pantre, an elne longe and a yerd +brode.” The <i>Percy</i>, or Northumberland Household Book, 1512, (ed. +1827), p. 16, under <i>Lynnon Clothe</i>. ‘A <i>porte paine</i>, to +beare breade fro the Pantree to the table with, <i>lintheum +panarium</i>.’ Withals.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">18</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_49" id="nurture_note_49" href="#nurture_tag_49">49.</a> +A.S. <i>ætwítan</i>, twit; <i>oðwítan</i>, blame.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_50" id="nurture_note_50" href="#nurture_tag_50">50.</a> +‘prowl, proll, to seek for prey, from Fr. <i>proie</i> by the addition +of a formative <i>l</i>, as kneel from knee.’ Wedgwood.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_51" id="nurture_note_51" href="#nurture_tag_51">51.</a> +Louse is in English in 1530 ’Louse, a beest—<i>pov.</i> +Palsgrave. And see the note, p. 19, <i>Book of Quinte +Essence</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_52" id="nurture_note_52" href="#nurture_tag_52">52.</a> +To look sullen (?). <i>Glowting</i> round her rock, to fish she falls. +<i>Chapman</i>, in Todd’s Johnson. Horrour and <i>glouting</i> +admiration. <i>Milton.</i> <i>Glouting</i> with sullen spight. +<i>Garth.</i></p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_53" id="nurture_note_53" href="#nurture_tag_53">53.</a> +Snytyn a nese or a candyl. <i>Emungo, mungo.</i> Prompt. Parv. +<i>Emungo</i>, to make cleane the nose. <i>Emunctio</i>, snuffyng or +wypynge +<span class="pagenum">19</span> +of the nose. Cooper. <i>Snuyt uw neus</i>, Blow your nose. Sewel, 1740; +but <i>snuyven, ofte snuffen</i>, To Snuffe out the Snot or Filth out of +ones Nose. Hexham, 1660. A learned friend, who in his bachelor days +investigated some of the curiosities of London Life, informs me that the +modern Cockney term is <i>sling</i>. In the dress-circle of the Bower +Saloon, Stangate, admission 3d., he saw stuck up, four years ago, the +notice, “<i>Gentlemen</i> are requested not to <i>sling</i>,” and being +philologically disposed, he asked the attendant the meaning of the +word.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_54" id="nurture_note_54" href="#nurture_tag_54">54.</a> +askew. <i>Doyle</i>, squint. Gloucestershire. Halliwell.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_55" id="nurture_note_55" href="#nurture_tag_55">55.</a> +Codde, of mannys pryuyte (preuy membris). <i>Piga, mentula.</i> +Promptorium Parvulorum.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_56" id="nurture_note_56" href="#nurture_tag_56">56.</a> +Mowe or skorne, <i>Vangia vel valgia</i>. Catholicon, in P. P.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_57" id="nurture_note_57" href="#nurture_tag_57">57.</a> +Ȝyxyñ <i>Singulcio</i>. Ȝyxynge <i>singultus</i>. P. P. To yexe, +sobbe, or haue the hicket. <i>Singultio.</i> Baret. To yexe or sobbe, +<i>Hicken</i>, To Hick, or to have the Hick-hock. Hexham.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">20</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_58" id="nurture_note_58" href="#nurture_tag_58">58.</a> +? shorewise, as shores. ‘Schore, undur settynge of a þynge þat wolde +falle.’ P. Parv. Du. <i>Schooren</i>, To Under-prop. <i>Aller +eschays</i>, To shale, stradle, goe crooked, or wide betweene the feet, +or legs. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_59" id="nurture_note_59" href="#nurture_tag_59">59.</a> +Dutch <i>Schrobben</i>, To Rubb, to Scrape, to Scratch. Hexham.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_60" id="nurture_note_60" href="#nurture_tag_60">60.</a> +Iettyn <i>verno</i>. P. Parv. Mr Way quotes from Palsgrave, “I +<i>iette</i>, I make a countenaunce with my legges, <i>ie me +iamboye</i>,” &c.; and from Cotgrave, “<i>Iamboyer</i>, to +<i>iet</i>, or wantonly to go in and out with the legs,” &c.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_61" id="nurture_note_61" href="#nurture_tag_61">61.</a> +grinding.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_62" id="nurture_note_62" href="#nurture_tag_62">62.</a> +gnastyn (gnachyn) <i>Fremo, strideo</i>. Catholicon. Gnastyng of the +tethe—<i>stridevr, grincement</i>. Palsg. Du. <i>gnisteren</i>, To +Gnash, or Creake with the teeth. Hexham.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_63" id="nurture_note_63" href="#nurture_tag_63">63.</a> +Short coats and tight trousers were a great offence to old writers +accustomed to long nightgown clothes. Compare Chaucer’s complaint in the +Canterbury Tales, The Parsones Tale, <i>De Superbiâ</i>, p. 193, +col. 2, ed. Wright. “Upon that other syde, to speke of the horrible +disordinat scantnes of clothing, as ben these cuttid sloppis or anslets, +that thurgh her schortnes ne covereth not the schamful membre of man, to +wickid entent. Alas! som men of hem schewen the schap and the boce of +the horrible swollen membres, that semeth like to the maladies of +hirnia, in the wrapping of here hose, and eek the buttokes of hem, that +faren as it were the hinder part of a sche ape in the fulle of the +moone.” The continuation of the passage is very curious. “Youre schort +gownys thriftlesse” are also noted in the song in Harl. MS. 372. See +Weste, <a href="#dem_line_140"><i>Booke of Demeanour</i>, +l. 141</a>, below.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_64" id="nurture_note_64" href="#nurture_tag_64">64.</a> +Fr. <i>tache</i>, spot, staine, blemish, reproach. C.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">21</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_65" id="nurture_note_65" href="#nurture_tag_65">65.</a> +sobriety, gravity.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_66" id="nurture_note_66" href="#nurture_tag_66">66.</a> +Edward IV. had ‘Bannerettes IIII, or Bacheler Knights, to be kervers and +cupberers in this courte.’ <i>H. Ord.</i>, p. 32.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_67" id="nurture_note_67" href="#nurture_tag_67">67.</a> +See the <a href="#keruyng_terms"><i>Termes of a +Keruer</i></a> in Wynkyn de Worde’s <i>Boke of Keruynge</i> below.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">22</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_68" id="nurture_note_68" href="#nurture_tag_68">68.</a> +to embrew. <i>Ferrum tingere sanguine.</i> Baret.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_69" id="nurture_note_69" href="#nurture_tag_69">69.</a> +The table-knife, ‘Mensal knyfe, or borde knyfe, <i>Mensalis</i>,’ P. +Parv., was, I suppose, a lighter knife than the trencher-knife +used for cutting trenchers off very stale coarse loaves.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">23</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_70" id="nurture_note_70" href="#nurture_tag_70">70.</a> +? Fr. <i>pareil</i>, A match or fellow. C.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_71" id="nurture_note_71" href="#nurture_tag_71">71.</a> +A.S. <i>gramian</i>, to anger.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_72" id="nurture_note_72" href="#nurture_tag_72">72.</a> +Sowce mete, <i>Succidium</i>. P. Parv.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">24</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_73" id="nurture_note_73" href="#nurture_tag_73">73.</a> +? Crop or crawe, or cropon of a beste (croupe or cropon), <i>Clunis</i>. +P. Parv. Crops are emptied before birds are cooked.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_74" id="nurture_note_74" href="#nurture_tag_74">74.</a> +A.S. <i>beniman</i>, take away, deprive.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_75" id="nurture_note_75" href="#nurture_tag_75">75.</a> +Fr. <i>achever</i>, To atchieue; to end, finish. Cot.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_76" id="nurture_note_76" href="#nurture_tag_76">76.</a> +Hwyr, cappe (hure H.), <i>Tena</i>. A.S. <i>hufe</i>, a tiara, +ornament. Promptorium Parv.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">25</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_77" id="nurture_note_77" href="#nurture_tag_77">77.</a> +Chyne, of bestys bakke. <i>Spina.</i> P. Parv.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">26</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_78" id="nurture_note_78" href="#nurture_tag_78">78.</a> +slices, strips.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_79" id="nurture_note_79" href="#nurture_tag_79">79.</a> +‘<i>De haute graisse</i>, Full, plumpe, goodlie, fat, well-fed, in good +liking.’ Cotgrave.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">27</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_80" id="nurture_note_80" href="#nurture_tag_80">80.</a> +Fr. <i>arracher</i>. To root vp ... pull away by violence. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Compare, “and the Geaunte pulled and drough, but he myght hym not +<i>a-race</i> from the sadell.” <i>Merlin</i>, Pt. II. p. 346 +(E. E. T. Soc. 1866). +<a class="notation" href="#corr_27">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_81" id="nurture_note_81" href="#nurture_tag_81">81.</a> +The Bittern or Bittour, <i>Ardea Stellaris</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_82" id="nurture_note_82" href="#nurture_tag_82">82.</a> +<i>Egrette</i>, as <i>Aigrette</i>; A foule that resembles a Heron. +<i>Aigrette</i> (A foule verie like a Heron, but white); +a criell Heron, or dwarfe Heron. Cot. <i>Ardea alba</i>, +A crielle or dwarfe heron. Cooper.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_83" id="nurture_note_83" href="#nurture_tag_83">83.</a> +Snype, or snyte, byrde, <i>Ibex.</i> P. P. A snipe or snite: +a bird lesse than a woodcocke. <i>Gallinago minor</i>, +&c. Baret.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_84" id="nurture_note_84" href="#nurture_tag_84">84.</a> +A small Heron or kind of Heron; Shakspere’s editors’ <i>handsaw</i>. The +spelling <i>heronshaw</i> misled Cotgrave, &c.; he has +<i>Haironniere</i>. A herons neast, or ayrie; +a <i>herne</i>-shaw or shaw of wood, wherein herons breed. ‘An +Hearne. <i>Ardea.</i> A hearnsew, <i>Ardeola</i>.’ Baret, 1580. ‘Fr. +<i>heronceau</i>, a young heron, gives E. <i>heronshaw</i>,’ +Wedgwood. I cannot find <i>heronceau</i>, only <i>heronneau</i>. ‘A +yong <i>herensew</i> is lyghter of dygestyon than a crane. +A. Borde. <i>Regyment</i>, fol. F i, ed. 1567. ‘In actual +application a <i>heronshaw</i>, <i>hernshaw</i> or <i>hernsew</i>, is +simply a Common Heron (Ardea Vulgaris) with no distinction as to age, +&c.’ Atkinson.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_85" id="nurture_note_85" href="#nurture_tag_85">85.</a> +The Brewe is mentioned three times, and each time in connection with the +Curlew. I believe it to be the Whimbrel (<i>Numenius Phæopus</i>) +or Half Curlew. I have a recollection (or what seems like it) of +having seen the name with a French form like Whimbreau. [Pennant’s +British Zoology, ii. 347, gives <i>Le petit Courly, ou le Courlieu</i>, +as the French synonym of the Whimbrel.] Morris (Orpen) says the numbers +of the Whimbrel are lessening from their being sought as food. +Atkinson.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">28</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_86" id="nurture_note_86" href="#nurture_tag_86">86.</a> +“The singular structure of the windpipe and its convolutions lodged +between the two plates of bone forming the sides of the keel of the +sternum of this bird (the Crane) have long been known. The trachea or +windpipe, quitting the neck of the bird, passes downwards and backwards +between the branches of the merry-thought towards the inferior edge of +the keel, which is hollowed out to receive it. Into this groove the +trachea passes, ... and after making three turns passes again forwards +and upwards and ultimately backwards to be attached to the two lobes of +the lungs.” Yarrell, <i>Brit. Birds</i> ii. 441. Atkinson.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_87" id="nurture_note_87" href="#nurture_tag_87">87.</a> +Way, manner. Plyte or state (plight, P.). <i>Status.</i> P. Parv.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_88" id="nurture_note_88" href="#nurture_tag_88">88.</a> +A sort of gristle, the tendon of the neck. Germ. <i>flachse</i>, +Brockett. And see Wheatley’s Dict. of Reduplicated Words.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">29</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_89" id="nurture_note_89" href="#nurture_tag_89">89.</a> +The ‘canelle boon’ between the hind legs must be the pelvis, or pelvic +arch, or else the <i>ilium</i> or haunch-bone: and in cutting up the +rabbit many good carvers customarily disjoint the haunch-bones before +helping any one to the rump. Atkinson.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_90" id="nurture_note_90" href="#nurture_tag_90">90.</a> +Rabet, yonge conye, <i>Cunicellus</i>. P. Parv. ‘The Conie beareth her +<i>Rabettes</i> xxx dayes, and then kindeleth, and then she must be +bucked againe, for els she will eate vp hir <i>Rabets</i>. 1575. Geo. +Turbervile, The Booke of Venerie, p. 178, ch. 63.’ +—H. H. Gibbs.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">30</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_91" id="nurture_note_91" href="#nurture_tag_91">91.</a> +slices, or rather strips.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_92" id="nurture_note_92" href="#nurture_tag_92">92.</a> +board-cloth, table-cloth.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_93" id="nurture_note_93" href="#nurture_tag_93">93.</a> +Part IV. of <i>Liber Cure Cocorum</i>, p. 38-42, is ‘of bakun +mete.’ On Dishes and Courses generally, see <i>Randle Holme</i>, Bk. +III. Chap. III. p. 77-86.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_94" id="nurture_note_94" href="#nurture_tag_94">94.</a> +rere a <i>cofyn</i> of flowre so fre. <i>L. C. C.</i>, +p. 38, <a name="nurture_linenote_8" id="nurture_linenote_8" +href="#nurture_line_8">l. 8.</a>The crust of a raised pie.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">31</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_95" id="nurture_note_95" href="#nurture_tag_95">95.</a> +<i>for</i> thin; <a href="#nurture_line_484"><i>see line</i> +486</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_96" id="nurture_note_96" href="#nurture_tag_96">96.</a> +? A dish of batter somewhat like our Yorkshire Pudding; not the +<i>Crustade</i> or pie of chickens, pigeons, and small birds of the +<i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 442, and Crustate of flesshe of +<i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 40.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_97" id="nurture_note_97" href="#nurture_tag_97">97.</a> +? <i>buche de bois.</i> A logge, backe stocke, or great billet. Cot. +I suppose the <i>buche</i> to refer to the manner of +<i>checkering</i> the custard, buche-wise, and not to be a dish. Venison +is ‘chekkid,’ l. 388-9. This rendering is confirmed by <i>The Boke +of Keruynge’s</i> “Custarde, cheke them inch square” (in Keruynge of +Flesshe). Another possible rendering of <i>buche</i> as a dish of batter +or the like, seems probable from the ‘Bouce Jane, a dish in Ancient +Cookery’ (Wright’s Prov<sup>l</sup>. Dict<sup>y</sup>.), but the +recipe for it in Household Ordinances, p. 431, shows that it was a +stew, which could not be checkered or squared. It consisted of milk +boiled with chopped herbs, half-roasted chickens or capons cut into +pieces, ‘pynes and raysynges of corance,’ all boiled together. In +<i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 162-4, <i>Bouche</i>, or <i>Bouche +of court</i>, is used for allowance. The ‘Knights and others of the +King’s Councell,’ &c., had each +<span class="pagenum">32</span> +‘for their <i>Bouch</i> in the morning one chet loafe, one manchet, one +gallon of ale; for afternoone, one manchett, one gallon of ale; for +after supper, one manchett, &c.’</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_98" id="nurture_note_98" href="#nurture_tag_98">98.</a> +See the <a href="#recipes_hares">recipe</a>, end of this +volume. In Sir John Howard’s Household Books is an entry in 1467, ‘for +viij boshelles of flour for <i>dowsetes</i> vj s. viij d.’ p. 396, +ed. 1841. See <a href="#nurture_note_194">note 5 to l. 699</a>, +below.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_99" id="nurture_note_99" href="#nurture_tag_99">99.</a> +The last recipe in <i>The Forme of Cury</i>, p. 89, is one for Payn +Puff, but as it refers to the preceding receipt, that is given first +here.</p> + +<table class="smaller" summary="formatted text"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>XX</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>THE PETY P<i>ER</i>UAU<i>N</i>T.*</td> +<td>IX.XV. [= 195]</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Take male Marow. hole parade, and kerue it rawe; powd<i>our</i> of +Gyng<i>ur</i>, yolk<i>is</i> of Ayren<i>e</i>, dat<i>is</i> mynced, +raisoñs of corañce, salt a lytel, & loke þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u make +þy past with ȝolkes of Ayren, & þat no wat<i>er</i> come +þ<i>er</i>to; and fo<i>ur</i>me þy coffyn, and make up þy past.</p> + +<table class="smaller" summary="formatted text"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>XX</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>PAYN PUFF</td> +<td>IX.XVI [= 196]</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Eodem m<i>odo</i> fait payn puff, but make it more tendre +þ<sup>e</sup> past, and loke þ<sup>e</sup> past be rou<i>n</i>de of +þ<sup>e</sup> payn puf as a coffyn & a pye.</p> + +<p>Randle Holme treats of Puffe, Puffs, and Pains, p. 84, col. +1, 2, but does not mention <i>Payn Puff</i>. ‘Payn puffe, and +pety-pettys, and cuspis and doucettis,’ are mentioned among the last +dishes of a service on Flessh-Day (<i>H. Ord.</i>, p. 450), but no +recipe for either is given in the book.</p> + +<p class="footnote">*: Glossed <i>Petypanel, a Marchpayne.</i> Leland, +Coll. vi. p. 6. Pegge.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_100" id="nurture_note_100" href="#nurture_tag_100">100.</a> +In lines 707, 748, the <i>pety perueys</i> come between the fish and +pasties. I cannot identify them as fish. I suppose they were +pies, perhaps <i>The Pety Peruaunt</i> of note 2 above; or better still, +the fish-pies, <i>Petipetes</i> (or <i>pety-pettys</i> of the last +note), which Randle Holme says ‘are Pies made of Carps and Eels, first +roasted, and then minced, and with Spices made up in Pies.’</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_101" id="nurture_note_101" href="#nurture_tag_101">101.</a> +De cibi elecc<i>i</i>one: (Sloane MS. 1986, fol. 59 b, and elsewhere,) +“Frixa nocent, elixa fouent, assata cohercent.”</p> + +<span class="pagenum">33</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_102" id="nurture_note_102" href="#nurture_tag_102">102.</a> +Meat, sage, & poached, fritters?</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_103" id="nurture_note_103" href="#nurture_tag_103">103.</a> +Recipe in <i>L. Cure</i>, p. 39.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_104" id="nurture_note_104" href="#nurture_tag_104">104.</a> +There is a recipe ‘for a Tansy Cake’ in <i>Lib. C.</i>, p. 50. +Cogan says of <i>Tansie</i>,— “it auoideth fleume.... Also it +killeth worms, and purgeth the matter whereof they be engendred. +Wherefore it is much vsed among vs in England, about Easter, with fried +Egs, not without good cause, to purge away the fleume engendred of fish +in Lent season, whereof worms are soone bred in them that be thereto +disposed.” Tansey, says Bailey (<i>Dict. Domesticum</i>) is recommended +for the dissipating of wind in the stomach and belly. He gives the +recipe for ‘A Tansy’ made of spinage, milk, cream, eggs, grated bread +and nutmeg, heated till it’s as thick as a hasty pudding, and then +baked.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_105" id="nurture_note_105" href="#nurture_tag_105">105.</a> +Slices or strips of meat, &c., in sauce. See <a href="#nurture_line_112">note to l. 516, p. 34</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_106" id="nurture_note_106" href="#nurture_tag_106">106.</a> +Recipe ‘For Sirup,’ <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 43, and ‘Syrip for a +Capon or Faysant,’ <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 440.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_107" id="nurture_note_107" href="#nurture_tag_107">107.</a> +potages, soups.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_108" id="nurture_note_108" href="#nurture_tag_108">108.</a> +Soppes in Fenell, Slitte Soppes, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 445.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">34</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_109" id="nurture_note_109" href="#nurture_tag_109">109.</a> +Recipe for a Cawdel, <i>L. C. C.</i> p. 51.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_110" id="nurture_note_110" href="#nurture_tag_110">110.</a> +Recipes for Gele in Chekyns or of Hennes, and Gele of Flesshe, <i>H. +Ord.</i> p. 437.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_111" id="nurture_note_111" href="#nurture_tag_111">111.</a> +A.S. <i>roppas</i>, the bowels.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_112" id="nurture_note_112" href="#nurture_tag_112">112.</a> +“leeche” is a slice or strip, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 472 (440), +p. 456 (399)—’cut hit on <i>leches</i> as hit were +pescoddes,’ p. 439,—and also a stew or dish in which strips +of pork, &c., are cooked. See Leche Lumbarde, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. +438-9. Fr. <i>lesche</i>, a long slice or shiue of bread, &c. +Cot. <i>Hic lesca Ae</i>, scywe (shive or slice), Wright’s Vocab. p. +198: <i>hec lesca</i>, a schyfe, p. 241. See also Mr Way’s +long note 1, Prompt. Parv., p. 292, and the recipes for 64 +different “Leche vyaundys” in MS. Harl. 279, that he refers to.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_113" id="nurture_note_113" href="#nurture_tag_113">113.</a> +For Potages see Part I. of <i>Liber Cure Cocorum</i>, p. 7-27.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_114" id="nurture_note_114" href="#nurture_tag_114">114.</a> +Recipe for Potage de Frumenty in <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 425, and for +Furmente in <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 7, <i>H. Ord.</i><ins class="mycorr" title="‘p.’ missing in original"> </ins>462.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_115" id="nurture_note_115" href="#nurture_tag_115">115.</a> +Recipe ‘For gruel of fors,’ <i>Lib. C.</i> p. 47, and <i>H. +Ord.</i> p. 425.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_116" id="nurture_note_116" href="#nurture_tag_116">116.</a> +? minced or powdered beef: Fr. <i>gravelle</i>, small grauell or sand. +Cot. ‘Powdred motoun,’ l. 533, means sprinkled, salted.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">35</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_117" id="nurture_note_117" href="#nurture_tag_117">117.</a> +Recipes for ‘Mortrewes de Chare,’ <i>Lib. C.</i> p. 9; ‘of fysshe,’ +p. 19; blanched, p. 13; and <i>H. Ord.</i> pp. 438, 454, +470.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_118" id="nurture_note_118" href="#nurture_tag_118">118.</a> +Butter of Almonde mylke, <i>Lib. C.</i> p. 15; <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 447.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_119" id="nurture_note_119" href="#nurture_tag_119">119.</a> +See the <a href="#recipes_fritters">recipe</a>, <ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by author from ‘end of this volume’">p. +145</ins>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_120" id="nurture_note_120" href="#nurture_tag_120">120.</a> +Recipe for <i>Tartlotes</i> in <i>Lib. C. C.</i> p. 41.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_121" id="nurture_note_121" href="#nurture_tag_121">121.</a> +Recipe for <i>Cabaches</i> in <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 426, and +<i>caboches</i>, p. 454, both the vegetable. There is a fish +<i>caboche</i> in the 15th cent. Nominale in Wright’s Vocab. <i>Hic +caput, A<sup>e</sup></i>, Caboche, p. 189, col. 1, the bullhead, or +miller’s thumb, called in French <i>chabot</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_122" id="nurture_note_122" href="#nurture_tag_122">122.</a> +See two recipes for Nombuls in <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 10, and for +‘Nombuls of a Dere,’ in <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 427.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_123" id="nurture_note_123" href="#nurture_tag_123">123.</a> +For Sauces (<i>Salsamenta</i>) see Part II. of <i>Liber Cure</i>, +p. 27-34.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">36</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_124" id="nurture_note_124" href="#nurture_tag_124">124.</a> +Recipe ‘for lumbardus Mustard’ in <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 30.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_125" id="nurture_note_125" href="#nurture_tag_125">125.</a> +Fleshe <i>poudred</i> or salted. <i>Caro salsa, vel salita</i>. +Withals.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_126" id="nurture_note_126" href="#nurture_tag_126">126.</a> +The juice of unripe grapes. See <i>Maison Rustique</i>, p. 620.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_127" id="nurture_note_127" href="#nurture_tag_127">127.</a> +Chaudwyn, <a href="#nurture_line_688">l. 688</a> below. See a recipe +for “Chaudern for Swannes” in <i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 441; +and for “þandon (MS. chaudon*) for wylde digges, swannus and piggus,” in +<i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 9, and “Sawce for swannus,” <i>Ibid.</i> +p. 29. It was made of chopped liver and entrails boiled with blood, +bread, wine, vinegar, pepper, cloves, and ginger.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +* Sloane 1986, p. 48, or fol. 27 b. It is not safe to differ from Mr +Morris, but on comparing the C of ‘Chaudoñ for swann<i>is</i>,’ col. 1, +with that of ‘Caudell<i>e</i> of almonde,’ at the top of the second +col., I have no doubt that the letter is <i>C</i>. So on fol. 31 b. +the C of Chaudon is more like the C of Charlet opposite than the T of +Take under it. The <i>C</i> of Caudel dalmo<i>n</i> on fol. 34 b., and +that of <i>Cultellis</i>, fol. 24, l. 5, are of the same shape.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_127a" id="nurture_note_127a" href="#nurture_tag_127a">127a.</a> +<i>Pepper</i>. “The third thing is Pepper, a sauce for vplandish +folkes: for they mingle Pepper with Beanes and Peason. Likewise of +toasted bread with Ale or Wine, and with Pepper, they make a blacke +sauce, as if it were pap, that is called <i>pepper</i>, and that they +cast vpon theyr meat, flesh and fish.” <i>Reg. San. Salerni</i>, +p. 67. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_36">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_128" id="nurture_note_128" href="#nurture_tag_128">128.</a> +See the recipe “To make Gynger Sause” in <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 441, and +“For sawce gynger,” <i>L. C. C.</i> p. 52.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_129" id="nurture_note_129" href="#nurture_tag_129">129.</a> +No doubt the “sawce fyne þat men calles camelyne” of <i>Liber Cure</i>, +p. 30, ‘raysons of corouns,’ nuts, bread crusts, cloves, ginger, +cinnamon, powdered together and mixed with vinegar. “Camelin, sauce +cameline, A certaine daintie Italian sauce.” Cot.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_130" id="nurture_note_130" href="#nurture_tag_130">130.</a> +A bird mentioned in <i>Archæologia</i>, xiii. 341. Hall. See <a href="#nurture_note_85">note, l. 422</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">37</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_131" id="nurture_note_131" href="#nurture_tag_131">131.</a> +Shovelars feed most commonly upon the Sea-coast upon cockles and +Shell-fish: being taken home, and dieted with new garbage and good meat, +they are nothing inferior to fatted Galls. <i>Muffett</i>, p. 109. +<i>Hic populus</i>, a schevelard (the <i>anas clypeata</i> of +naturalists). Wright’s Voc., p. 253.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_132" id="nurture_note_132" href="#nurture_tag_132">132.</a> +See <a href="#nurture_note_129">note 6 to line 539</a>, above.</p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="nurture_note_133" id="nurture_note_133" href="#nurture_tag_133">133.</a> +Is not this line superfluous? After 135 stanzas of 4 lines each, we here +come to one of 5 lines. I suspect l. 544 is simply de trop. +W. W. Skeat.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_134" id="nurture_note_134" href="#nurture_tag_134">134.</a> +For the fish in the Poem mentioned by Yarrell, and for references to +him, see the <a href="#nurture_yarrell">list at the end</a> of this +<i>Boke of Nurture</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_135" id="nurture_note_135" href="#nurture_tag_135">135.</a> +Recipes for “Grene Pesen” are in <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 426-7, +p. 470; and Porre of Pesen, &c. p. 444.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_136" id="nurture_note_136" href="#nurture_tag_136">136.</a> +Topsell in his <i>Fourfooted Beasts</i>, ed. Rowland, 1658, p. 36, +says of Beavers, “There hath been taken of them whose tails have weighed +four pound weight, and they are accounted a very delicate dish, for +being dressed they eat like Barbles: they are used by the Lotharingians +and Savoyans [says Bellonius] for meat allowed to be eaten on +fish-dayes, although the body that beareth them be flesh and unclean for +food. The manner of their dressing is, first roasting, and afterward +seething in an open pot, that so the evill vapour may go away, and some +in pottage made with Saffron; other with Ginger, and many with Brine; it +is certain that the tail and forefeet taste very sweet, from whence came +the Proverbe, <i>That sweet is that fish, which is not fish at +all</i>.”</p> + +<span class="pagenum">38</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_137" id="nurture_note_137" href="#nurture_tag_137">137.</a> +See the recipe for “Furmente with Purpeys,” <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 442.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_138" id="nurture_note_138" href="#nurture_tag_138">138.</a> +I suppose this to be Seal. If it is Eel, see recipes for “Eles in Surre, +Browet, Gravê, Brasyle,” in <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 467-8.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_139" id="nurture_note_139" href="#nurture_tag_139">139.</a> +Wynkyn de Worde has ‘a salte purpos or sele turrentyne.’ If this is +right, torrentille must apply to ȝele, and be a species of seal: if not, +it must be allied to the Trout or Torrentyne, l. 835.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_140" id="nurture_note_140" href="#nurture_tag_140">140.</a> +Congur in Pyole, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 469. ‘I must needs agree with +Diocles, who being asked, <i>whether were the better fish, a Pike +or a Conger</i>: That (said he) sodden, and this broild; shewing us +thereby, that all flaggy, slimy and moist fish (as Eeles, Congers, +Lampreys, Oisters, Cockles, Mustles, and Scallopes) are best broild, +rosted or bakt; but all other fish of a firm substance and drier +constitution is rather to be sodden.’ <i>Muffett</i>, p. 145.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_141" id="nurture_note_141" href="#nurture_tag_141">141.</a> +So MS., but <i>grone</i> may mean <i>green</i>, see <a href="#nurture_line_848">l. 851</a> and note to it. If not, ? for Fr. +<i>gronan</i>, a gurnard. The Scotch <i>crowner</i> is a species of +gurnard.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_142" id="nurture_note_142" href="#nurture_tag_142">142.</a> +Lynge, fysshe, <i>Colin</i>, Palsgrave; but <i>Colin</i>, +a Sea-cob, or Gull. Cotgrave. See Promptorium, p. 296.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_143" id="nurture_note_143" href="#nurture_tag_143">143.</a> +Fr. <i>Merlus ou Merluz</i>, A Mellwell, or Keeling, a kind of +small Cod whereof Stockfish is made. Cotgrave. And see Prompt. Parv. +p. 348, note 4. “Cod-fish is a great Sea-whiting, called also a +Keeling or Melwel.” Bennett’s Muffett on Food, p. 148.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">39</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_144" id="nurture_note_144" href="#nurture_tag_144">144.</a> +Cogan says of stockfish, “Concerning which fish I will say no more than +Erasmus hath written in his <i>Colloquio</i>. <i>There is a kind of +fishe</i>, which <i>is called in English</i> Stockfish: <i>it nourisheth +no more than a stock</i>. Yet I haue eaten of a pie made onely with +Stockefishe, whiche hath been verie good, but the goodnesse was not so +much in the fishe as in the cookerie, which may make that sauorie, which +of it selfe is vnsavourie ... it is sayd a good Cooke can make you good +meate of a whetstone.... Therfore a good Cooke is a good iewell, and to +be much made of.” “Stockfish whilst it is unbeaten is called Buckhorne, +because it is so tough; when it is beaten upon the stock, it is termed +stockfish.” <i>Muffett.</i> Lord Percy (<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1512) was to have “cxl Stok fisch for the +expensys of my house for an hole Yere, after ij.d. obol. the pece,” +p. 7, and “<span class="smallroman">D</span>ccccxlij Salt fisch +... after iiij the pece,” besides 9 barrels of white and 10 cades of red +herring, 5 cades of Sprats (<i>sprootis</i>), 400 score salt salmon, 3 +firkins of salt sturgeon and 5 cags of salt eels.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_145" id="nurture_note_145" href="#nurture_tag_145">145.</a> +Fr. <i>Merlan</i>, a Whiting, a Merling. Cot. ‘The best Whitings are +taken in Tweede, called <i>Merlings</i>, of like shape and vertue with +ours, but far bigger.’ <i>Muffett</i>, p. 174.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_146" id="nurture_note_146" href="#nurture_tag_146">146.</a> +MS. may be Cleynes. ? what place can it be; Clayness, Claynose? Claybury +is near Woodford in Essex.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_147" id="nurture_note_147" href="#nurture_tag_147">147.</a> +A recipe for Pykes in Brasey is in <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 451. The head +of a Carp, the <i>tail</i> of a Pike, and the Belly of a Bream are most +esteemed for their tenderness, shortness, and well rellishing. +<i>Muffett</i>, p. 177.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_148" id="nurture_note_148" href="#nurture_tag_148">148.</a> +Cut it in gobets or lumps a-slope. “Aslet or <i>a-slowte</i> (asloppe, +a slope), <i>Oblique</i>.” P. Parv. But <i>slout</i> may be +<i>slot</i>, bolt of a door, and so <i>aslout</i> = in long strips.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">40</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_149" id="nurture_note_149" href="#nurture_tag_149">149.</a> +Onions make a man stink and wink. Berthelson, 1754. ‘The Onion, though +it be the Countrey mans meat, is better to vse than to tast: for he that +eateth euerie day tender Onions with Honey to his breakfast, shall liue +the more healthfull, so that they be not too new.’ <i>Maison +Rustique</i>, p. 178, ed. 1616.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_150" id="nurture_note_150" href="#nurture_tag_150">150.</a> +Recipes for this sauce are in <i>Liber C.</i> p. 30, and <i>H. +Ord.</i> p. 441: powdered crusts, galingale, ginger, and salt, +steeped in vinegar and strained. See <a href="#nurture_note_178">note +to l. 634</a> below.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_151" id="nurture_note_151" href="#nurture_tag_151">151.</a> +See “Plays in Cene,” that is, Ceue, chives, small onions somewhat like +eschalots. <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 452. See <a href="#nurture_note_217">note <i>5</i>, l. 822</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_152" id="nurture_note_152" href="#nurture_tag_152">152.</a> +Of all sea-fish Rochets and Gurnards are to be preferred; for their +flesh is firm, and their substance purest of all other. Next unto them +Plaise and Soles are to be numbered, being eaten in time; for if either +of them be once stale, there is no flesh more carrion-like, nor more +troublesome to the belly of man. Mouffet, p. 164.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_153" id="nurture_note_153" href="#nurture_tag_153">153.</a> +Roches or Loches in Egurdouce, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 469.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_154" id="nurture_note_154" href="#nurture_tag_154">154.</a> +<i>Or</i> dacce.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_155" id="nurture_note_155" href="#nurture_tag_155">155.</a> +<i>Rivet</i>, roe of a fish. Halliwell. Dan. <i>ravn, rogn</i> (rowne of +Pr. Parv.) under which Molbech refers to AS. <i>hræfe</i> (raven, +Bosworth) as meaning roe or spawn. G. P. Marsh. But see +<i>refeccyon</i>, P. Parv.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_156" id="nurture_note_156" href="#nurture_tag_156">156.</a> +See “Soles in Cyne,” that is, Cyue, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 452.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_157" id="nurture_note_157" href="#nurture_tag_157">157.</a> +Black Sea Bream, or Old Wife. <i>Cantharus griseus</i>. Atkinson. +“Abramides Marinæ. Breams of the Sea be a white and solid +<span class="pagenum">41</span> +substance, good juice, most easie digestion, and good nourishment.” +<i>Muffett</i>, p. 148.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_158" id="nurture_note_158" href="#nurture_tag_158">158.</a> +gobbets, pieces, see <a href="#nurture_line_636">l. 638</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_159" id="nurture_note_159" href="#nurture_tag_159">159.</a> +Fr. <i>Dorée</i>: f. The Doree, or Saint Peters fish; also (though not +so properly) the Goldfish or Goldenie. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_160" id="nurture_note_160" href="#nurture_tag_160">160.</a> +<i>Brett</i>, § xxi. He beareth Azure a <i>Birt</i> (or <i>Burt</i> or +<i>Berte</i>) proper by the name of <i>Brit</i>.... It is by the Germans +termed a <i>Brett-fish</i> or <i>Brett-cock</i>. Randle Holme.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_161" id="nurture_note_161" href="#nurture_tag_161">161.</a> +Rec. for Congur in Sause, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 401; in Pyole, +p. 469.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_162" id="nurture_note_162" href="#nurture_tag_162">162.</a> +This must be Randle Holme’s “<i>Dog fish</i> or <i>Sea Dog Fish</i><ins +class="mycorr" title="close quote missing">.” </ins>It is by the +Dutch termed a <i>Flackhund</i>, and a <i>Hundfisch</i>: the Skin is +hard and redish, beset with hard and sharp scales; sharp and rough and +black, the Belly is more white and softer. Bk II. Ch. XIV. No. lv, +p. 343-4. For names of Fish the whole chapter should be consulted, +p. 321-345.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_163" id="nurture_note_163" href="#nurture_tag_163">163.</a> +‘His flesh is stopping, slimy, viscous, & very unwholesome; and (as +Alexander Benedictus writeth) of a most unclean and damnable nourishment +... they engender palsies, stop the lungs, putrifie in the stomach, and +bring a man that much eats them to infinite diseases ... they are worst +being fried, <i>best being kept in gelly</i>, made strong of wine and +spices.’ <i>Muffett</i>, p. 189.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_164" id="nurture_note_164" href="#nurture_tag_164">164.</a> +Recipes for Tenches in grave, <i>L. C. C.</i> p. 25; in +Cylk (wine, &c.), <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 470; in Bresyle (boiled with +spices, &c.), p. 468.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_165" id="nurture_note_165" href="#nurture_tag_165">165.</a> +Lamprons in Galentyn, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 449. “Lampreys and Lamprons +differ in bigness only and in goodness; they are both a very sweet and +nourishing meat.... The little ones called Lamprons are best broild, but +the great ones called Lampreys are best baked.” <i>Muffett</i>, +p. 181-3. See <a href="#nurture_line_630">l. 630-40</a> of +this poem.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">42</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_166" id="nurture_note_166" href="#nurture_tag_166">166.</a> +Wraw, froward, ongoodly. <i>Perversus ... exasperans.</i> Pr. Parv.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_167" id="nurture_note_167" href="#nurture_tag_167">167.</a> +for <i>whan</i>, when.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_168" id="nurture_note_168" href="#nurture_tag_168">168.</a> +A kind of vinegar; A.S. <i>eisile</i>, vinegar; given to Christ on the +Cross.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_169" id="nurture_note_169" href="#nurture_tag_169">169.</a> +<i>Escrevisse:</i> f. A Creuice, or Crayfish [see <a href="#nurture_line_616">l. 618</a>]; (By some Authors, but not so +properly, the Crab-fish is also tearmed so.) <i>Escrevisse de mer.</i> A +Lobster; or, (more properly) a Sea-Creuice. Cotgrave. +A <i>Crevice</i>, or a <i>Crefish</i>, or as some write it, +a <i>Crevis Fish</i>, are in all respects the same in form, and are +a Species of the Lobster, but of a lesser size, and the head is set more +into the body of the <i>Crevice</i> than in the <i>Lobster</i>. Some +call this a Ganwell. R. Holme, p. 338, col. 1, § xxx.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">43</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_170" id="nurture_note_170" href="#nurture_tag_170">170.</a> +No doubt the intestinal tract, running along the middle of the body and +tail. Dr Günther. Of Crevisses and Shrimps, Muffett says, p. 177, +they “give also a kind of exercise for such as be weak: for head and +brest must first be divided from their bodies; then each of them must be +dis scaled, and clean picked with much pidling; then the long gut lying +along the back of the Crevisse is to be voided.”</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_171" id="nurture_note_171" href="#nurture_tag_171">171.</a> +slice by slice.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_172" id="nurture_note_172" href="#nurture_tag_172">172.</a> +The fresh-water crayfish is beautiful eating, Dr Günther says.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">44</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_173" id="nurture_note_173" href="#nurture_tag_173">173.</a> +Iolle of a fysshe, <i>teste</i>. Palsgrave. Ioll, as of salmon, &c., +<i>caput</i>. Gouldm. in Promptorium, p. 264.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_174" id="nurture_note_174" href="#nurture_tag_174">174.</a> +For to make a potage of welkes, <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 17. +“Perwinkles or Whelks, are nothing but sea-snails, feeding upon the +finest mud of the shore and the best weeds.” <i>Muffett</i>, +p. 164.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_175" id="nurture_note_175" href="#nurture_tag_175">175.</a> +<i>Pintle</i> generally means the penis; but Dr Günther says the whelk +has no visible organs of generation, though it has a projecting tube by +which it takes in water, and the function of this might have been +misunderstood. Dr G. could suggest nothing for <i>almond</i>, but +on looking at the drawing of the male Whelk (<i>Buccinum undatum</i>) +creeping, in the Penny Cyclopædia, v. 9, p. 454, col. 2 +(art. Entomostomata), it is quite clear that the <i>almond</i> must mean +the animal’s horny, oval <i>operculum</i> on its hinder part. ‘Most +spiral shells have an <i>operculum</i>, or lid, with which to close the +aperture when they withdraw for shelter. It is developed on a particular +lobe at the posterior part of the foot, and consists of horny layers +sometimes hardened with shelly matter.’ <i>Woodward’s Mollusca</i>, +p. 47.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_176" id="nurture_note_176" href="#nurture_tag_176">176.</a> +That part of the integument of mollusca which contains the viscera and +secretes the shell, is termed the <i>mantle</i>. Woodward.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_177" id="nurture_note_177" href="#nurture_tag_177">177.</a> +Recipe “For lamprays baken,” in <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 38.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_178" id="nurture_note_178" href="#nurture_tag_178">178.</a> +A sauce made of crumbs, galingale, ginger, salt, and vinegar. See the +Recipe in <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 30.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">45</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_179" id="nurture_note_179" href="#nurture_tag_179">179.</a> +See the duties and allowances of “A Sewar for the Kynge,” Edw. IV., in +<i>Household Ordinances</i>, pp. 36-7; Henry VII., p. 118. King +Edmund risked his life for his assewer, p. 36.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">46</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_180" id="nurture_note_180" href="#nurture_tag_180">180.</a> +The word Sewer in the MS. is written small, the flourishes of the big +initial O having taken up so much room. The name of the office of +<i>sewer</i> is derived from the Old French <i>esculier</i>, or the +<i>scutellarius</i>, i.e. the person who had to arrange the dishes, in +the same way as the <i>scutellery</i> (scullery) was by rights the place +where the dishes were kept. <i>Domestic Architecture</i>, v. 3, +p. 80 <i>n.</i></p> + +<span class="pagenum">47</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_181" id="nurture_note_181" href="#nurture_tag_181">181.</a> +See the duties and allowances of “A Surveyour for the Kyng” (Edw. IV.) +in <i>Household Ord.</i> p. 37. Among other things he is to see +‘that no thing be purloyned,’ (cf. <a href="#nurture_line_680">line +680</a> below), and the fourty Squyers of Household who help serve the +King’s table from ‘the surveying bourde’ are to see that ‘of every messe +that cummyth from the dressing bourde ... thereof be nothing withdrawe +by the squires.’ <i>ib.</i> p. 45.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_182" id="nurture_note_182" href="#nurture_tag_182">182.</a> +Squyers of Houshold xl ... xx squires attendaunt uppon the Kings (Edw. +IV.) person in ryding ... and to help serve his table from the surveying +bourde. <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 45. Sergeauntes of Armes IIII., whereof +ii alway to be attending uppon the Kings person and chambre.... In like +wise at the conveyaunce of his meate at every course from the surveying +bourde, p. 47.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">48</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_183" id="nurture_note_183" href="#nurture_tag_183">183.</a> +Compare the less gorgeous feeds specified on pp. 54-5 of <i>Liber +Cure</i>, and pp. 449-50 of <i>Household Ordinances</i>. Also with this +and the following ‘Dinere of Fische’ should be compared “the Diett for +the King’s Majesty and the Queen’s Grace” on a Flesh Day and a Fish Day, +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1526, contained in <i>Household +Ordinances</i>, p. 174-6. Though Harry the Eighth was king, he was +allowed only two courses on each day, as against the Duke of +Gloucester’s three given here. The daily cost for King and Queen was £4. +3s. 4d.; yearly, £1520. 13s. 4d. See also in Markham’s Houswife, pp. +98-101, the ordering of ‘extraordinary great Feasts of Princes’ as well +as those ‘for much more humble men.’</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_184" id="nurture_note_184" href="#nurture_tag_184">184.</a> +See Recipes for Bor in Counfett, Boor in Brasey, Bore in Egurdouce, in +<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 435.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_185" id="nurture_note_185" href="#nurture_tag_185">185.</a> +<i>Chair de mouton manger de glouton:</i> Pro. Flesh of a Mutton is food +for a glutton; (or was held so in old times, when Beefe and Bacon were +your onely dainties.) Cot.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_186" id="nurture_note_186" href="#nurture_tag_186">186.</a> +The rule for the succession of dishes is stated in <i>Liber Cure</i>, +p. 55, as whole-footed birds first, and of these the greatest, as +swan, goose, and drake, to precede. Afterwards come baked meats and +other dainties.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_187" id="nurture_note_187" href="#nurture_tag_187">187.</a> +See <a href="#nurture_note_127">note to l. 535</a> above.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_188" id="nurture_note_188" href="#nurture_tag_188">188.</a> +See the Recipe for Leche Lumbard in <i>Household Ordinances</i>, +p. 438. Pork, eggs, pepper, cloves, currants, dates, sugar, +powdered together, boiled in a bladder, cut into strips, and served with +hot rich sauce.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_189" id="nurture_note_189" href="#nurture_tag_189">189.</a> +Meat fritter ?, mentioned in <a href="#nurture_line_501">l. +501</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">49</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_190" id="nurture_note_190" href="#nurture_tag_190">190.</a> +See “Blaumanger to Potage” p. 430 of <i>Household Ordinances</i>; +Blawmangere, p. 455; Blonc Manger, <i>L. C. C.</i> +p. 9, and Blanc Maungere of fysshe, p. 19.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_191" id="nurture_note_191" href="#nurture_tag_191">191.</a> +“Gele in Chekyns or of Hennes,” and “Gelle of Flesshe,” <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 437.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_192" id="nurture_note_192" href="#nurture_tag_192">192.</a> +See the recipe “At a Feeste Roiall, Pecockes shall be dight on this +Manere,” <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 439; but there he is to be served +“forthe with the last cours.” The <i>hackle</i> refers, I suppose, +to his being sown in his skin when cold after roasting.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_193" id="nurture_note_193" href="#nurture_tag_193">193.</a> +The fat of <i>Rabet-suckers</i>, and little Birds, and small Chickens, +is not discommendable, because it is soon and lightly overcome of an +indifferent stomack. <i>Muffett</i>, p. 110.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_194" id="nurture_note_194" href="#nurture_tag_194">194.</a> +Recipe at end of this volume. Dowcet mete, or swete cake mete (bake +mete, P.) <i>Dulceum, ductileus.</i> P. Parv. Dousette, a lytell +flawne, <i>dariolle</i>. Palsgrave. Fr. <i>flannet</i>; m. A doucet +or little custard. Cot. See <a href="#nurture_note_98">note 1 to +l. 494</a> above.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_195" id="nurture_note_195" href="#nurture_tag_195">195.</a> +May be <i>Iely</i>, amber jelly, instead of a beautiful amber leche.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">50</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_196" id="nurture_note_196" href="#nurture_tag_196">196.</a> +See the <a href="#nurture_line_100">note to line 499</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_197" id="nurture_note_197" href="#nurture_tag_197">197.</a> +Compare “For a servise on fysshe day,” <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 54, +and <i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 449.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_198" id="nurture_note_198" href="#nurture_tag_198">198.</a> +<i>For</i> of. See ‘Sewes on Fische Dayes,’ <a href="#nurture_sewes_fish">l. 821</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_199" id="nurture_note_199" href="#nurture_tag_199">199.</a> +? for <i>bellies</i>: see ‘the baly of þe fresch samoun,’ <a href="#nurture_sewes_fish">l. 823 in Sewes on Fische Dayes</a>; or it +may be for the <i>sounds</i> or breathing apparatus.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_200" id="nurture_note_200" href="#nurture_tag_200">200.</a> +Pykes in Brasey, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 451.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_201" id="nurture_note_201" href="#nurture_tag_201">201.</a> +Purpesses, Tursons, or sea-hogs, are of the nature of swine, never good +till they be fat ... it is an unsavoury meat ... yet many Ladies and +Gentlemen love it exceedingly, bak’d like venison. <i>Mouffet</i>, +p. 165.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">51</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_202" id="nurture_note_202" href="#nurture_tag_202">202.</a> +? due-ing, that is, service; not moistening.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_203" id="nurture_note_203" href="#nurture_tag_203">203.</a> +<i>Rhombi.</i> Turbuts ... some call the Sea-Pheasant ... whilst they be +young ... they are called Butts. They are best being sodden. +<i>Muffett</i>, p. 173. “Pegeons, <i>buttes</i>, and elis,” are +paid for as <i>hakys</i> (hawks) <i>mete</i>, on x Sept. 6 R. H(enry +VII) in the Howard Household Books, 1481-90, p. 508.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_204" id="nurture_note_204" href="#nurture_tag_204">204.</a> +Gulls, Guffs, Pulches, <i>Chevins</i>, and Millers-thombs are a kind of +jolt-headed Gudgins, very sweet, tender, and wholesome. Muffett, +p. 180. Randle Holme says, ‘A <i>Chevyn</i> or a <i>Pollarde</i>; +it is in Latin called <i>Capitus</i>, from its great head; the Germans +<i>Schwall</i>, or <i>Alet</i>; and <i>Myn</i> or <i>Mouen</i>; +a <i>Schupfish</i>, from whence we title it a <i>Chub fish</i>.’ +ch. xiv. § xxvii.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">52</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_205" id="nurture_note_205" href="#nurture_tag_205">205.</a> +“Creme of Almond Mylk.” <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 447.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_206" id="nurture_note_206" href="#nurture_tag_206">206.</a> +See the <a href="#recipes_fritters">recipe</a>, end of +this volume.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_207" id="nurture_note_207" href="#nurture_tag_207">207.</a> +Compare “leche fryes made of frit and friture,” <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 449; Servise on Fisshe Day, last line.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">53</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_208" id="nurture_note_208" href="#nurture_tag_208">208.</a> +Melancholy, full of phlegm: see the superscription <a href="#nurture_line_792">l. 792</a> below. ‘Flew, complecyon, (fleume of +compleccyon, K. flewe, P.) <i>Flegma</i>,’ Catholicon in P. Parv.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_209" id="nurture_note_209" href="#nurture_tag_209">209.</a> +Mistake for <i>Sotelte</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_210" id="nurture_note_210" href="#nurture_tag_210">210.</a> +The first letter of this word is neither a clear <i>t</i> nor <i>c</i>, +though more like <i>t</i> than <i>c</i>. It was first written +<i>Couse</i> (as if for <i>cou</i>[r]<i>se</i>, succession, which makes +good sense) or <i>touse</i>, and then a <i>w</i> was put over the +<i>u</i>. If the word is <i>towse</i>, the only others I can find like +it are tow, ‘towe of hempe or flax,’ Promptorium; ‘<i>heruper</i>, to +discheuell, <i>towse</i>, or disorder the haire.’ Cot.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">54</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_211" id="nurture_note_211" href="#nurture_tag_211">211.</a> +See <a href="#recipes_fritters">Recipe</a> at end of +volume.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_212" id="nurture_note_212" href="#nurture_tag_212">212.</a> +See <a href="#recipes_hares">Recipe</a> at end of +volume.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">55</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_213" id="nurture_note_213" href="#nurture_tag_213">213.</a> +See a recipe for making it of ale, honey, and spices, in [Cogan’s] Haven +of Health, chap. 239, p. 268, in Nares. Phillips leaves out the +ale.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_214" id="nurture_note_214" href="#nurture_tag_214">214.</a> +Mead, a pleasant Drink made of Honey and Water. Phillips.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_215" id="nurture_note_215" href="#nurture_tag_215">215.</a> +A recipe for Musculs in Sewe and Cadel of Musculs to Potage, at +p. 445 <i>H. Ord.</i> Others ‘For mustul (? muscul or +<i>Mustela</i>, the eel-powt, Fr. <i>Mustelle</i>, the Powte or +Eeele-powte) pie,’ and ‘For porray of mustuls,’ in <i>Liber Cure</i>, +p. 46-7.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_216" id="nurture_note_216" href="#nurture_tag_216">216.</a> +? a preparation of Muscles, as <i>Applade</i> Ryal (Harl. MS. 279, +Recipe Cxxxv.) of Apples, <i>Quinade</i>, Rec. Cxv of Quinces, +<i>Pynade</i> (fol. 27 b.) of Pynotis (a kind of nut); or is it +<i>Meselade</i> or <i>Meslade</i>, fol. 33, an omelette—’to euery +good meslade take a þowsand eyroun or mo.’ <i>Herbelade</i> (fol. 42 b.) +is a liquor of boiled lard and herbs, mixed with dates, currants, and +‘Pynez,’ strained, sugared, coloured, whipped, & put into ‘fayre +round cofyns.’</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_217" id="nurture_note_217" href="#nurture_tag_217">217.</a> +<i>Eschalotte</i>: f. A Cive or Chiue. <i>Escurs</i>, The little sallade +hearb called, Ciues, or Chiues. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_218" id="nurture_note_218" href="#nurture_tag_218">218.</a> +For to make potage of oysturs, <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 17. Oysturs in +brewette, p. 53.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_219" id="nurture_note_219" href="#nurture_tag_219">219.</a> +Seales flesh is counted as hard of digestion, as it is gross of +substance, especially being old; wherefore I leave it to Mariners and +Sailers, for whose stomacks it is fittest, and who know the best way how +to prepare it. <i>Muffett</i>, p. 167.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">56</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_220" id="nurture_note_220" href="#nurture_tag_220">220.</a> +Cullis (in Cookery) a strained Liquor made of any sort of dress’d Meat, +or other things pounded in a Mortar, and pass’d thro’ a Hair-sieve: +These Cullises are usually pour’d upon Messes, and into hot Pies, +a little before they are serv’d up to Table. Phillips. See also the +recipe for making a coleise of a cocke or capon, from the <i>Haven of +Health</i>, in Nares. Fr. <i>Coulis</i>: m. A cullis, or broth of +boiled meat strained; fit for a sicke, or weake bodie. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_221" id="nurture_note_221" href="#nurture_tag_221">221.</a> +Shrimps are of two sorts, the one crookbacked, the other straitbacked: +the first sort is called of Frenchmen <i>Caramots de la santé</i>, +healthful shrimps; because they recover sick and consumed persons; of +all other they are most nimble, witty, and skipping, and of best juice. +<i>Muffett</i>, p. 167. In cooking them, he directs them to be +“unscaled, to vent the windiness which is in them, being sodden with +their scales; whereof lust and disposition to venery might arise,” +p. 168.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_222" id="nurture_note_222" href="#nurture_tag_222">222.</a> +See the recipe for “Creme of Almonde Mylk,” <i>Household Ordinances</i>, +p. 447.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_223" id="nurture_note_223" href="#nurture_tag_223">223.</a> +“Mortrewes of Fysshe,” <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 469; “Mortrews of fysshe,” +<i>L. C. C.</i> p. 19.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_224" id="nurture_note_224" href="#nurture_tag_224">224.</a> +See “Rys Lumbarde,” <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 438, l. 3, ‘and if thow +wilt have hit stondynge, take rawe ȝolkes of egges,’ &c.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_225" id="nurture_note_225" href="#nurture_tag_225">225.</a> +See the <a href="#recipes_fritters">Recipe</a> at the end +of this volume.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_226" id="nurture_note_226" href="#nurture_tag_226">226.</a> +‘Let no fish be sodden or eaten without salt, pepper, wine, onions or +hot spices; for all fish (compared with flesh) is cold and +<span class="pagenum">57</span> +moist, of little nourishment, engendring watrish and thin blood.’ +<i>Muffett</i>, p. 146, with a curious continuation. <i>Hoc +Sinapium, An<sup>c</sup>e.</i> mustarde.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Salgia, sirpillum, piper, alia, sal, petrocillum,</p> +<p>Ex hiis sit salsa, non est sentencia falsa.</p> + +<p class="right"> +15th cent. Pict. Vocab. in Wright’s Voc. p. 267, col. 1.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_227" id="nurture_note_227" href="#nurture_tag_227">227.</a> +Spurlings are but broad Sprats, taken chiefly upon our Northern coast; +which being drest and pickled as Anchovaes be in Provence, rather +surpass them than come behind them in taste and goodness. . . +As for Red Sprats and Spurlings, I vouchsafe them not the name of +any wholesome nourishment, or rather of no nourishment at all; +commending them for nothing, but that they are bawdes to enforce +appetite, and serve well the poor mans turn to quench hunger. +<i>Muffett</i>, p. 169.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_228" id="nurture_note_228" href="#nurture_tag_228">228.</a> +A Whiting, a Merling, Fr. <i>Merlan</i>. ‘<i>Merling</i>: +A <i>Stock-fish</i>, or <i>Marling</i>, else <i>Merling</i>; in +Latine <i>Marlanus</i> and <i>Marlangus</i>.’ R. Holme, +p. 333, col. 1.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_229" id="nurture_note_229" href="#nurture_tag_229">229.</a> +After searching all the Dictionaries and Glossaries I could get hold of +in the Museum for this <i>Torrentyne</i>, which was the plague of my +life for six weeks, I had recourse to Dr Günther. He searched +Rondelet and Belon in vain for the word, and then suggested <span class="smallcaps">Aldrovandi</span> as the last resource. In the <i>De +Piscibus</i>, Lib. V., I accordingly found (where he treats of +<i>Trout</i>), “Scoppa, gra<i>m</i>maticus Italus, <i>Torentinam</i> +nominat, rectius <i>Torrentinam</i> vocaturus, à torrentibus nimirum: in +his n[ominatim] & riuis montanis abundat.” (ed. 1644, cum indice +copiosissimo.)</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_230" id="nurture_note_230" href="#nurture_tag_230">230.</a> +<i>Whales</i> flesh is the hardest of all other, and unusuall to be +eaten of our Countrymen, no not when they are very young and tenderest; +yet the livers of Whales, Sturgeons, and Dolphins smell like violets, +taste most pleasantly being salted, and give competent nourishment, as +Cardan writeth. <i>Muffett</i>, p. 173, ed. Bennet, 1655.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">58</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_231" id="nurture_note_231" href="#nurture_tag_231">231.</a> +See the recipe in <i>Liber Cure Cocorum</i>, p. 30; and Felettes in +Galentyne, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 433.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_232" id="nurture_note_232" href="#nurture_tag_232">232.</a> +Veriuse, or sause made of grapes not full ripe, <i>Ompharium</i>. +Withals.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_233" id="nurture_note_233" href="#nurture_tag_233">233.</a> +Hakes be of the same nature [as Haddocks], resembling a Cod in taste, +but a Ling in likeness. <i>Muffett</i>, p. 153.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_234" id="nurture_note_234" href="#nurture_tag_234">234.</a> +‘Stocke fysshe, they [the French] have none,’ says Palsgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_235" id="nurture_note_235" href="#nurture_tag_235">235.</a> +Haddocks are little Cods, of light substance, crumbling flesh, and good +nourishment in the Sommer time, especially whilst Venison is in season. +<i>Muffett</i>, p. 153.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_236" id="nurture_note_236" href="#nurture_tag_236">236.</a> +Keling. R. Holme, xxiv, p. 334, col. 1, has “He beareth <ins class="mycorr" title="spelling in original">Cules</ins> a <i>Cod Fish</i> +argent. by the name of <i>Codling</i>. Of others termed a +<i>Stockfish</i>, or an <i>Haberdine</i>: In the North part of this +Kingdome it is called a <i>Keling</i>, In the Southerne parts a +<i>Cod</i>, and in the Westerne parts a <i>Welwell</i>.”</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_237" id="nurture_note_237" href="#nurture_tag_237">237.</a> +See the Recipes for ‘Pur verde sawce,’ <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 27, +and ‘Vert Sause’ (herbs, bread-crumbs, vinegar, pepper, ginger, +&c.), <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 441. Grene Sause, condimentum +harbaceum. Withals.</p> + +<p>There is a herb of an acid taste, the common name for which ... is +<i>green-sauce</i> ... not a dozen miles from Stratford-on-Avon. +<i>Notes & Queries</i>, June 14, 1851, vol. iii. p. 474. “of +Persley leaues stamped withe veriuyce, or white wine, is made a +<i>greene sauce</i> to eate with roasted meat ... Sauce for Mutton, +Veale and Kid, is <i>greene sauce</i>, made in Summer with Vineger or +Verjuyce, with a few spices, and without Garlicke. Otherwise with +Parsley, white Ginger, and tosted bread with Vineger. In Winter, the +same sawces are made with many spices, and little quantity of Garlicke, +and of the best Wine, and with a little Verjuyce, or with Mustard.” +<i>Reg. San. Salerni</i>, p. 67-8. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_58">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_238" id="nurture_note_238" href="#nurture_tag_238">238.</a> +Ling perhaps looks for great extolling, being counted the beefe of the +Sea, and standing every fish day (as a cold supporter) at my +<span class="pagenum">59</span> +Lord Maiors table; yet it is nothing but a long Cod: whereof the greater +sised is called Organe Ling, and the other Codling, because it is no +longer then a Cod, and yet hath the taste of Ling: <i>whilst it is new +it is called</i> <span class="smallroman">GREEN-FISH</span>; when it +is salted it is called Ling, perhaps of lying, because the longer it +lyeth ... the better it is, waxing in the end as yellow as the gold +noble, at which time they are worth a noble a piece. <i>Muffett</i>, +p. 154-5.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_239" id="nurture_note_239" href="#nurture_tag_239">239.</a> +A brit or turbret, <i>rhombus</i>. Withals, 1556. Bret, Brut, or Burt, +a Fish of the Turbot-kind. Phillips.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_240" id="nurture_note_240" href="#nurture_tag_240">240.</a> +These duties of the Chamberlain, and those of him in the Wardrobe which +follow, should be compared with the chapter <i>De Officio Garcionum</i> +of <a href="#curtasye_groom">“The Boke of Curtasye” ll. +435-520</a> below. See also the duties and allowances of ‘A Chamberlayn +for the King.’ +<span class="pagenum">60</span> +<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 31-2. He has only to see that the men under +him do the work mentioned in these pages. See office of Warderobe of +Bedds, <i>H. O.</i> p. 40; Gromes of Chambyr, x, Pages of +Chambre, IIII, <i>H. O.</i>, p. 41, &c. The arraying +and unarraying of Henry VII. were done by the Esquires of the Body, +<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 118, two of whom lay outside his room.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_241" id="nurture_note_241" href="#nurture_tag_241">241.</a> +A short or small coat worn under the long over-coat. <i>Petycote, +tunicula</i>, P. P., and ‘.j. <i>petticote</i> of lynen clothe +withought slyves,’ there cited from Sir J. Fastolfe’s Wardrobe, 1459. +Archæol. xxi. 253. <i>subucula, le, est etiam genus intimæ vestis</i>, +a peticote. Withals.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">61</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_242" id="nurture_note_242" href="#nurture_tag_242">242.</a> +Vamps or <i>Vampays</i>, an odd kind of short Hose or Stockings that +cover’d the Feet, and came up only to the Ancle, just above the Shooe; +the Breeches reaching down to the Calf of the Leg. Whence to graft a new +Footing on old Stockings is still call’d <i>Vamping</i>. Phillips. +Fairholt does not give the word. The Vampeys went outside the sock, +I presume, as no mention is made of them with the socks and +slippers after the bath, l. 987; but Strutt, and Fairholt after +him, have engraved a drawing which shows that the Saxons wore the sock +over the stocking, both being within the shoe. ‘Vampey of a +hose—<i>auant pied</i>. Vauntpe of a hose—<i>uantpie</i>.’ +Palsgrave. <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1467, ‘fore +<i>vaunpynge</i> of a payre for the said Lew vj.d.’ p. 396, +<i>Manners & Household Expenses</i>, 1841.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">62</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_242a" id="nurture_note_242a" href="#nurture_tag_242a">242a.</a> +? <i>perhaps a comma should go after </i>hed<i>, and </i>‘his cloak or +cape’<i> as a side-note. But see </i>cappe, p. 65, <a href="#nurture_line_964">l. 964</a>. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_62">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">63</span> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="nurture_note_243" id="nurture_note_243" href="#nurture_tag_243">243.</a> +Henry VII. had a fustian and sheet under his feather bed, over the bed a +sheet, then ‘the over fustian above,’ and then ‘a pane of ermines’ like +an eider-down quilt. ‘A head sheete of raynes’ and another of ermines +were over the pillows. After the ceremony of making the bed, all the +esquires, ushers, and others present, had bread, ale, and wine, outside +the chamber, ‘and soe to drinke altogether.’ <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 122.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_244" id="nurture_note_244" href="#nurture_tag_244">244.</a> +A siege house, <i>sedes excrementorum</i>. A draught or priuie, +<i>latrina</i>. Withals.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">64</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_245" id="nurture_note_245" href="#nurture_tag_245">245.</a> +An arse wispe, <i>penicillum</i>, -li, vel <i>anitergium</i>. Withals. +From a passage in William of Malmesbury’s autograph <i>De Gestis +Pontificum Anglorum</i> it would seem that water was the earlier +cleanser.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_246" id="nurture_note_246" href="#nurture_tag_246">246.</a> +In the MS. this line was omitted by the copier, and inserted in red +under the next line by the corrector, who has underscored all the chief +words of the text in red, besides touching up the capital and other +letters.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_247" id="nurture_note_247" href="#nurture_tag_247">247.</a> +See the ‘Warderober,’ p. 37, and the ‘office of Warderobe of Robes,’ in +<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 39.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">65</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_248" id="nurture_note_248" href="#nurture_tag_248">248.</a> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>þo lord<i>e</i> schalle shyft hys gown<i>e</i> at nyȝt,</p> +<p>Syttand on foteshete tyl he be dyȝt.</p> +<p class="in1"><i>The Boke of Curtasye</i>, l. 487-8.</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">66</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_249" id="nurture_note_249" href="#nurture_tag_249">249.</a> +Morter ... a kind of Lamp or Wax-taper. <i>Mortarium</i> (in old Latin +records) a Mortar, Taper, or Light set in Churches, to burn over +the Graves or Shrines of the Dead. Phillips.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_250" id="nurture_note_250" href="#nurture_tag_250">250.</a> +Perchers, the Paris-Candles formerly us’d in England; also the bigger +sort of Candles, especially of Wax, which were commonly set upon the +Altars. Phil.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_250a" id="nurture_note_250a" href="#nurture_tag_250a">250a.</a> +Dogs. The nuisance that the number of Dogs must have been may be judged +of by the following payments in the Church-Wardens’ Accounts of St +Margaret’s, Westminster, in <i>Nichols</i>, p. 34-5.</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="dog-killer's expenses"> +<tr> +<td>1625</td> +<td><p>Item paid to the dog-killer for killing of dogs</p> +</td> +<td class="nobreak">0. 9. 8.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>1625</td> +<td><p>Item paid to the dog-killer more for killing 14 dozen and 10 dogs +in time of visitacion</p> +</td> +<td>1. 9. 8.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>1625</td> +<td><p>Item paid to the dog-killer for killing of 24 dozen of dogs</p> +</td> +<td>1. 8.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>See the old French satire on the Lady and her Dogs, in <i>Rel. +Ant.</i> i. 155. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_62">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="nurture_note_251" id="nurture_note_251" href="#nurture_tag_251">251.</a> +The Boke of Curtasye (l. 519-20) lets the (chief) usher who puts the +lord to bed, go his way, and says</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Ȝomo<i>n</i> vssher be-fore þe dore</p> +<p>In vtter chamb<i>ur</i> lies on þe flor<i>e</i>.</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">67</span> + +<p class="mynote"> +Footnote 252 contains supplementary notes for some items in this stanza, +lines 991-994. Note that there is no independent Footnote 260 (“hey +hove”), and that “bilgres” was not marked. Note numbers as originally +printed are shown in parentheses.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_252" id="nurture_note_252" href="#nurture_tag_252">252.</a> +See note at end. Mr Gillett, of the Vicarage, Runham, Filby, Norwich, +sends me these notes on the herbs for this Bathe Medicinable: +—<b>253</b> (2): “<span class="smallcaps">Yardehok</span> = +Mallow, some species. They are all more or less mucilaginous and +emollient. If Yarde = <i>Virga</i>; then it is Marshmallow, or Malva +Sylvestris; if yarde = erde, earth; then the rotundifolia. +—<b>254</b> (3): <span class="smallcaps">Paritory</span> is +Pellitory of the wall, <i>parietaria</i>. Wall pellitory abounds in +nitrate of potass. There are two other pellitories: ‘P. of +Spain’—this is <i>Pyrethrum</i>, which the Spanish corrupted into +<i>pelitre</i>, and we corrupted <i>pelitre</i> into pellitory. The +other, bastard-pellitory, is <i>Achillea Ptarmica</i>. —<b>255</b> +(4): <span class="smallcaps">Brown fennelle</span> = probably +<i>Peucedanum officinale</i>, <ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by author from ‘Hoss’">Hog’s</ins> fennel, a dangerous plant; +<span class="pagenum">68</span> +certainly not <i>Anethum Graveolens</i>, which is always dill, dyle, +dile, &c. —<b>259</b> (8): <span class="smallcaps">Rybbewort</span>, <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>, mucilaginous. +—<b>260</b> (9): <span class="smallcaps">Heyhove</span> = +<i>Glechoma hederacea</i>, bitter and aromatic, abounding in a principle +like camphor. —<b>261</b> (10): <span class="smallcaps">Heyriff</span> = harif = <i>Galium Aparine</i>, and allied +species. They were formerly considered good for scorbutic diseases, when +applied externally. Lately, in France, they have been administered +internally against epilepsy. —<b>263</b> (12): <span class="smallcaps">Bresewort</span>; if = brisewort or bruisewort, it would be +<i>Sambucus Ebulus</i>, but this seems most unlikely. —<ins class="mycorr" title="unlabeled: note 1 on next page"><b>265</b></ins>: +<span class="smallcaps">Brokelempk</span> = brooklime. <i>Veronica +Beccabunga</i>, formerly considered as an anti-scorbutic applied +externally. It is very inert. If a person fed on it, it might do some +good, i.e. about a quarter of the good that the same quantity of +water-cress would do. —<ins class="mycorr" title="number added by transcriber"><b>267</b></ins>: <span class="smallcaps">Bilgres</span>, probably = henbane, <i>hyoscysmus niger</i>. +Compare Dutch [Du. <i>Bilsen</i>, Hexham,] and German <i>Bilse. Bil</i> += byle = boil, modern. It was formerly applied externally, with +marsh-mallow and other mucilaginous and emollient plants, to ulcers, +boils, &c. It might do great good if the tumours were unbroken, +but is awfully dangerous. So is <i>Peucedanum officinale</i>. My Latin +names are those of Smith: <i>English Flora</i>. Babington has re-named +them, and Bentham again altered them. I like my mumpsimus better +than their sumpsimus.”</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_253" id="nurture_note_253" href="#nurture_tag_253">253.</a> +‘The common Mallowe, or the tawle wilde Mallow, and the common Hockes’ +of Lyte’s Dodoens, 1578, p. 581, <i>Malua sylvestris</i>, as +distinguished from the <i>Malua sativa</i>, or “<i>Rosa vltramarina</i>, +that is to say, the Beyondesea Rose, in Frenche, <i>Maulue de iardin</i> +or <i>cultiuée</i> ... in English, Holyhockes, and great tame Mallow, or +great Mallowes of the Garden.” The “Dwarffe Mallowe ... is called +<i>Malua syluestris pumila</i>.”</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_254" id="nurture_note_254" href="#nurture_tag_254">254.</a> +Peritory, <i>parietaria</i>, <i>vrseolaris</i>, <i>vel astericum</i>. +Withals.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_255" id="nurture_note_255" href="#nurture_tag_255">255.</a> +? The sweet Fennel, <i>Anethum Graveolens</i>, formerly much used in +medicine (Thomson). The gigantic fennel is (<i>Ferula</i>) +<i>Assafœtida</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_256" id="nurture_note_256" href="#nurture_tag_256">256.</a> +<i>Sambucus ebulus</i>, Danewort. See Mr Gillett’s note for Book of +Quintessence in Hampole’s Treatises. Fr. <i>hieble</i>, Wallwort, dwarfe +Elderne, Danewort. Cotgr.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_257" id="nurture_note_257" href="#nurture_tag_257">257.</a> +Erbe Iõn’, or Seynt Ionys worte. <i>Perforata, fuga demonum</i>, +<i>ypericon</i>. P. Parv.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_258" id="nurture_note_258" href="#nurture_tag_258">258.</a> +Centaury.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_259" id="nurture_note_259" href="#nurture_tag_259">259.</a> +Ribwort, <i>arnoglossa</i>. Ribwoort or ribgrasse, <i>plantago</i>. +Withals. <i>Plantain petit</i>. Ribwort, Ribwort Plantaine, Dogs-rib, +Lambes-tongue. Cotgrave. <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>, AS. +<i>ribbe</i>.</p> + +<p class="notation"> +<a name="nurture_note_260" id="nurture_note_260" href="#nurture_tag_260">260.</a> No separate note: see <a href="#nurture_note_252">note 252</a>, above.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_261" id="nurture_note_261" href="#nurture_tag_261">261.</a> +Haylife, an herbe. Palsgr. <i>Galium aparine</i>, A.S. <i>hegerifan +corn</i>, grains of hedgerife (hayreve, or hayreff), are among the herbs +prescribed in <i>Leechdoms</i>, v. 2, p. 345, for “a salve +against the elfin race & nocturnal [goblin] visitors, & for the +woman with whom +<span class="pagenum">69</span> +the devil hath carnal commerce.”</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_262" id="nurture_note_262" href="#nurture_tag_262">262.</a> +<i>Herba Benedicta</i>. Avens.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_263" id="nurture_note_263" href="#nurture_tag_263">263.</a> +<i>Herbe a foulon</i>. Fullers hearbe, Sopewort, Mocke-gillouers, +Bruisewort. Cotgrave. “AS. 1. <i>brysewyrt</i>, pimpernel, +<i>anagallis</i>. <i>Anagallis</i>, brisewort.” Gl. Rawlinson, +c. 506, Gl. Harl. 3388. Leechdoms, vol. 1, p. 374. 2. +<i>Bellis perennis</i>, MS. Laud. 553, fol. 9. Plainly for +Hembriswyrt, daisy, AS. <i><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘dœges’">dæges</ins> eage</i>. “Consolida minor. Daysie is an herbe þat +sum men callet hembrisworte oþer bonewort.” Gl. Douce, 290. Cockayne. +<i>Leechdoms</i>, v. 2, Glossary.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_264" id="nurture_note_264" href="#nurture_tag_264">264.</a> +<i>Persil de marais</i>. Smallage; or, wild water Parseley. Cot.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_265" id="nurture_note_265" href="#nurture_tag_265">265.</a> +Brokelyme <i>fabaria</i>. Withals. <i>Veronica Becabunga</i>, +Water-Speedwell<ins class="mycorr" title="text has open single quote with no corresponding close quote">. </ins><i>Hleomoce</i>, +<i>Hleomoc</i>, brooklime (where lime is the Saxon name (<i>Hleomoc</i>) +in decay), <i>Veronica beccabunga</i>, with <i>V. anagallis</i> ... “It +waxeth in brooks” ... Both sorts <i>Lemmike</i>, Dansk. They were the +greater and the less “brokelemke,” Gl. Bodley, 536. “Fabaria domestica +<i>lemeke</i>.” Gl. Rawl. c. 607.... Islandic <i>Lemiki</i>. +Cockayne. Gloss. to <i>Leechdoms</i>, v. 2. It is prescribed, with +the two centauries, for suppressed menses, and with <i>pulegium</i>, to +bring a dead child away, &c. <i>Ib.</i> p. 331.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_266" id="nurture_note_266" href="#nurture_tag_266">266.</a> +Scabiosa, the Herb <i>Scabious</i>, so call’d from its Virtue in curing +the Itch; it is also good for Impostumes, Coughs, Pleurisy, Quinsey, +&c. Phillips.</p> + +<p class="notation"> +<a name="nurture_note_267" id="nurture_note_267" href="#nurture_tag_267">267.</a> Not marked in text: see <a href="#nurture_note_252">note 252</a>, above.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_268" id="nurture_note_268" href="#nurture_tag_268">268.</a> +See the duties and allowances of ‘The Gentylmen Usshers of Chaumbre +.IIII. of Edw. IV.<ins class="mycorr" title="close quote missing">’, +</ins>in <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 37; and the duties of Henry VIII’s +Knight Marshal, <i>ib.</i> p. 150.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">76</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_269" id="nurture_note_269" href="#nurture_tag_269">269.</a> +Queenborough, an ancient, but poor town of Kent, in the Isle of Sheppey, +situated at the mouth of the river Medway. The chief employment of the +inhabitants is oyster-dredging. <i>Walker’s Gazetteer, by Kershaw</i>, +1801.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_270" id="nurture_note_270" href="#nurture_tag_270">270.</a> +The Annual Receipts of the Monastery “de Tinterna in M<i>ar</i>chia +Wallie,” are stated in the <i>Valor Eccl.</i> vol. iv. p. 370-1, +and the result is</p> + +<table class="inline center" summary="revenues"> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td>£</td> +<td>s.</td> +<td>d.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>S<i>u</i>m<i>m</i>a to<i>ta</i>lis clar<i>e</i> val<i>oris</i> dec’ +predict’</td> +<td>cclviij</td> +<td>v</td> +<td>x ob’ </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Decima inde</td> +<td>xxv</td> +<td>xvj</td> +<td>vj ob’q’</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Those of the Monasteriu<i>m</i> Sancti Petri Westm. are given at +v. 1, p. 410-24, and their net amount stated to be £4470 +0 2d.</p> + +<table class="inline center" summary="revenues"> +<tr> +<td width="50%"> </td> +<td>£</td> +<td>s.</td> +<td>d.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Et reman<i>ent</i> clare</td> +<td>M<sup>l</sup>M<sup>l</sup>M<sup>l</sup>iiij<sup>c</sup>lxx</td> +<td>—</td> +<td> ij q’</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Decima inde</td> +<td>iij<sup>c</sup>xlvij</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>— q’</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">77</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_271" id="nurture_note_271" href="#nurture_tag_271">271.</a> +The clear revenue of the Deanery of Canterbury (Decan’ Cantuar’) is +returned in Valor Eccl. v. 1, p. 27-32, at £163 0 21d.</p> + +<table class="inline center" summary="revenues"> +<tr> +<td width="50%"> </td> +<td>£</td> +<td>s.</td> +<td>d.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Rem’</td> +<td>clxiij</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>xxi</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Decima p<i>ar</i>s inde</td> +<td>xvj</td> +<td>vj</td> +<td>ij</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>while that of Prioratus de Dudley is only</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="revenues"> +<tr class="center"> +<td width="50%"> </td> +<td>£</td> +<td>s.</td> +<td>d.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>S<i>u</i>m<i>m</i>a de claro</td> +<td>xxxiiij</td> +<td>—</td> +<td>xvj</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Decima p<i>ar</i>s inde</td> +<td class="number">iij</td> +<td>viij</td> +<td>j ob’q’</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="right"> +<i>Valor Ecclesiasticus</i>, v. 3, p. 104-5.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_272" id="nurture_note_272" href="#nurture_tag_272">272.</a> +Dudley, a town of Worcestershire, insulated in Staffordshire, containing +about 2000 families, most of whom are employed in the manufacture of +nails and other iron wares. <i>Walker</i>, 1801.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">79</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_273" id="nurture_note_273" href="#nurture_tag_273">273.</a> +Two lines are wanting here to make up the stanza. They must have been +left out when the copier turned his page, and began again.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_274" id="nurture_note_274" href="#nurture_tag_274">274.</a> +The word in the MS. is <i>syngle</i> or <i>synglr</i> with a line +through the <i>l</i>. It may be for <i>syng</i>u<i>ler</i>, +<i>singulus</i>, <i>i. unus per se</i>, sunderly, vocab. in <i>Rel. +Ant.</i> v. 1, p. 9, col. 1.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">80</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_275" id="nurture_note_275" href="#nurture_tag_275">275.</a> +<i>Credence as creance</i> ... a taste or essay taken of another man’s +meat. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_276" id="nurture_note_276" href="#nurture_tag_276">276.</a> +Compare <i>The Boke of Curtasye</i>, l. 495-8,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>No mete for mo<i>n</i> schall<i>e</i> sayed be</p> +<p>Bot for kynge or prynce or duke so fre;</p> +<p>For heiers of paraunce also y-wys</p> +<p>Mete shall<i>e</i> be seyed.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_277" id="nurture_note_277" href="#nurture_tag_277">277.</a> +<i>Gardmanger</i> (Fr.) a Storehouse for meat. Blount, ed. 1681, +<i>Garde-viant</i>, a Wallet for a Soldier to put his Victuals in. +Phillipps, ed. 1701.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">81</span> + +<p><a name="nurture_note_278" id="nurture_note_278" href="#nurture_tag_278">278.</a> +The Boke of Curtasye makes the Sewer alone assay or taste ‘alle the +mete’ (line 763-76), and the Butler the drink (line 786).</p> + +</div> <!-- end div footnote --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">113</span> +<a name="page113" id="page113"> </a> +<!-- png 235 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="andrewe_fish" id="andrewe_fish"> +<img src="images/page113header.png" width="351" height="62" +alt="Extracts about Fish from “The noble lyfe & natures of man, Of bestes / serpentys / fowles & fisshes yt be moste knowen.”" +title="Extracts about Fish from “The noble lyfe & natures of man, Of bestes / serpentys / fowles & fisshes yt be moste knowen.”"> +</a></p> + +<p><span class="smallcaps">A very</span> rare black-letter book, +without date, and hitherto undescribed, except perhaps incorrectly by +Ames (vol. 1, p. 412, and vol. 3, p. 1531), has been +lent to me by Mr Algernon Swinburne. Its title is given above: “The +noble lyfe and natures of man” is in large red letters, and the rest in +smaller black ones, all surrounded by woodcuts of the wonderful animals, +mermaids, serpents, birds, quadrupeds with men’s and women’s heads, +a stork with its neck tied in a knot, and other beasts +“y<sup>t</sup> be most knowen.” The illustrations to each chapter are +wonderfully quaint. The author of it says in his Prologus “In the name +of ower sauiour criste Iesu, maker & redemour of al ma<i>n</i>kynd / +I Lawre<i>n</i>s A<i>n</i>drewe of <i>th</i>e towne of Calis haue +translated for Joh<i>an</i>nes doesborrowe, booke prenter in the cite of +Andwarpe, this p<i>re</i>sent volume deuyded in thre partes, which were +neuer before in no maternall langage prentyd tyl now /” As it is +doubtful whether another copy of the book is known, I extract from +the Third Part of this incomplete one such notices of the fish mentioned +by Russell or Wynkyn de Worde, as it contains, with a few others for +curiosity’s sake:—</p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<p class="space"> +here after followeth of the natures of the fisshes of the See whiche be +right profitable to be vndersta<i>n</i>de / Wherof I wyll wryte be +<i>th</i>e helpe and grace of almighty god, to whose laude & prayse +this mater ensueth.</p> + +<h5 class="smallcaps"><a name="fish_capI" id="fish_capI"> +Cap. Primo.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Abremon</i>, ? not <i>Bream</i> (see <a href="#fish_capXIII">Cap. xiii; p. 115</a> here)</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">A</span> Bremon* is a fruteful fisshe that +hathe moche sede / but it is nat through mouynge of the he / but only of +the owne proper nature / and than she rubbeth her belly upon the +grou<i>n</i>de or sande / and is sharpe in handelinge / & salt of +sauour / and this fisshe saueth her yonges in her bely whan it is +tempestius weder / & when the weder is ouerpast, than she vomyteth +them out agayne.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +* <span class="greek" title="abramis">ἀβραμις</span>, a fish found +in the sea and the Nile, perhaps the <i>bream</i>, Opp. Hal. i. 244. +Liddell & Scott.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">114</span> +<a name="page114" id="page114"> </a> +<!-- png 236 --> +<h5><a name="fish_capII" id="fish_capII"> +Cap. ij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Eel</i> (Russell, <a href="#nurture_line_716">l. 719</a>).</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">A</span>Nguilla / the Ele is lyke a +serpe<i>n</i>t of fascyon, & may leue eight yere, & without +water vi. dayes whan the wind is in the northe / in the wint<i>er</i> +they wyll haue moche water, & that clere / +<span class="sidenote">Is of no sex;</span> +amo<i>n</i>ge them is nouther male nor female / for they become fisshes +of <i>th</i>e slyme of other fisshes / they must be flayne / they suffer +a longe dethe / +<span class="sidenote">is best roasted.</span> +they be best rosted, but it is longe or they be ynouge / the +droppi<i>n</i>ge of it is gode for paines in the eares.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capIII" id="fish_capIII"> +Cap. iij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Herring</i> (Russell, <a href="#nurture_line_720">l. 722</a>).</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">A</span>Lec, the heringe, is a Fisshe of the +see / & very many be taken betweene bretayn & germaia / & +also i<i>n</i> denmarke aboute a place named schonen / And he is best +from the begi<i>n</i>nynge of August to december / +<span class="sidenote">Is delicious when fresh, (Russell, <a href="#nurture_line_748">l. 748</a>) or salted.</span> +and when he is fresshe take<i>n</i> / he is a very delicious to be eten. +And also wha<i>n</i> he hath ben salted he is a specyall fode vnto man / +He can nat leue w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out wat<i>er</i>, +<span class="sidenote">Dies when it feels the air.</span> +for as sone as he feleth the ayre he is dede / & they be taken in +gret hepis togeder / & specially where they se light, there wyll +they be, than so they be taken with nettis / which commeth be the diuyne +Prouydens of almighty God.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capV" id="fish_capV"> +Cap. v.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Whale?</i> (Russell, <a href="#nurture_line_580">l. 582</a>).</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">A</span> Spidochelo<i>n</i> / as +Phisiolog<i>us</i> saith, it is a mo<i>n</i>strous thinge in the see, it +is a gret whale fisshe, & hath an ouer-growe<i>n</i> rowgh +ski<i>n</i>ne / & he is moste parte w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his bake on +hye aboue the water in such maner that +<span class="sidenote">Shipmen cast anchor on him,</span> +some shypmen <i>tha</i>t see him, wene that it is a lytell ylande / +& whan they come be it, they cast their ankers upo<i>n</i> him / +& go out of theyr shippes +<span class="sidenote">and make a fire on him.</span> +& make a fyre upon hym to dresse theyr metys / and as sone as he +feleth the hete of the fyre / +<span class="sidenote">He swims away, and drowns them.</span> +tha<i>n</i>ne he swy<i>m</i>meth fro the place, & drowneth them, +& draweth the shippe to the grounde / And his proper nature is, whan +he hath yonges, <i>tha</i>t he openeth his mouthe wyde open / & out +of it fleeth a swete ayre / to <i>the</i> which the fisshes resorte, and +tha<i>n</i> he eteth them.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Goldenpoll?</i></span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="fish_capVa" id="fish_capVa"> +<ins class="mycorr" title="text as printed"> +<span class="largecap">A</span> Aurata</ins></a> is a fysshe in the +see <i>tha</i>t hathe a hede shinynge lyke golde.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXI" id="fish_capXI"> +Cap. xi.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Ahuna.</i></span> + +<p><span class="largecap">A</span> Huna is a mo<i>n</i>ster of the see +very glorisshe, as Albert<i>us</i> saith / what it eteth it tourneth to +greas in his body / it hathe no mawe but a bely / & that he filleth +so full that he speweth it out agayne / & that can he do so lyghtely +/ for he hath no necke / +<span class="sidenote">When the Ahuna is in danger,</span> +whan he is in peryl of dethe be other fisshes / than he onfacyoneth +himselfe as rou<i>n</i>de as a bowle, +<span class="sidenote">he puts his head in his belly, and eats a bit +of himself.</span> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>drawynge his hede into his bely / wha<i>n</i> he hathe +then hounger / He +<span class="pagenum">115</span> +<a name="page115" id="page115"> </a> +<!-- png 237 --> +dothe ete a parte of himselfe rather than <i>th</i>e other fisshes +sholde ete him hole and all.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXIII" id="fish_capXIII">Cap. xiii.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Borbotha.</i></span> + +<p><span class="largecap">B</span>Orbotha be fisshes very slepery, +somewhat lyke an ele / haui<i>n</i>ge wyde mouthes & great hedes / +it is a swete mete / and whan it is xij. yere olde, than it waxeth bigge +of body. +<span class="sidenote"><i>Butt</i>, or <i>Flounder</i> (Russell, +<a href="#nurture_line_732">l. 735</a>, and note 2).</span> +Nota / Botte that is a flounder of the fresshe water / & they +swi<i>m</i>me on the flatte of their body, & they haue finnes +rou<i>n</i>de about theyr body & w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a sothern wynde +they waxe fatte / & they have rede spottis. +<span class="sidenote"><i>Bream</i> (Russell, <a href="#nurture_line_744">l. 745</a>, <a href="#nurture_line_576">578</a>).</span> +Bre<i>n</i>na is a breme, & it is a fisshe of the riuer / & whan +he seeth the pyke that wyll take hym / than he sinketh to the botom of +<i>th</i>e wat<i>er</i> & maketh it so trobelous that the pyke can +nat se hym.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXIIII" id="fish_capXIIII">Cap. xiiii.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Balena.</i> (The woodcut is a big Merman. +See <a href="#fish_note_2">note, p. 123</a>, here. ? Whale. +Russell, <a href="#nurture_line_580">l. 582</a>.)</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">B</span>Alena is a great beste in the see, +and bloweth moche water from him, as if it were a clowde / the shippes +be in great dau<i>n</i>ger of him somtyme / & they be sene moste +towardes winter / for in the somer they be hidden in swete brod places +<span class="sidenote">Are seen most in winter; breed in +summer.</span> +of the wat<i>er</i> where it casteth her yo<i>n</i>ges, & suffereth +so grete payne <i>tha</i>t tha<i>n</i> he fleteth aboue the water as one +desiringe helpe / his mouth is in the face, & therefore he casteth +the more water / she bringeth her yonges forthe lyke other bestis on +erthe, & it slepeth / +<span class="sidenote">In rough weather Balena puts her young in her +mouth.</span> +in te<i>m</i>pestius weder she hydeth her yo<i>n</i>ges in her mouthe / +and wha<i>n</i> it is past she voydeth them out agayne / & they +growe x. yere.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXVI" id="fish_capXVI"> +Cap. xvi.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Crevice</i> (Sea and Fresh Water Crayfish). +(Russell, <a href="#nurture_line_600">l. 602</a>, <a href="#nurture_line_616">l. 618</a>.)</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">C</span>Ancer the creuyce is a Fishe of +<i>th</i>e see that is closed in a harde shelle, hauyng many fete and +clawes / and euer it crepeth bacward / & the he hathe two +py<i>n</i>nes on his bely, & +<span class="sidenote">How they engender,</span> +<i>th</i>e she hathe none / whan he wyll engender, he cli<i>m</i>meth on +her bake, and she turneth her syde towardes him, & so they fulfyll +their workes. In maye they chaunge their cotes, +<span class="sidenote">and hybernate.</span> +& in wi<i>n</i>ter they hyde the<i>m</i> fiue monethes duringe / +wha<i>n</i> the creues hath dro<i>n</i>ken milke it may leue +lo<i>n</i>ge w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out wat<i>er</i>. when he is olde, he +hathe ij. stones in his hed with rede spottes that haue great vertue / +for if they be layde in drynke / they withdryue the payne frome the +herte. +<span class="sidenote">How the Crayfish manages to eat Oysters.</span> +the creuyce eteth the Oysters, & geteth the<i>m</i> be policye / for +whan the oyster gapeth, he throweth lytell stones in him, and so geteth +his fishe out, for it bydeth than open.</p> + +<p class="center"><a name="fish_capXVIa" id="fish_capXVIa"> +The Operacion.</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote">Fresh-Water Crayfish is hard to digest.</span> + +<p>¶ The Asshes of hym is gode to make white tethe / & to kepe the +motes out of the clothes / it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>dryueth byles, & +<span class="pagenum">116</span> +<a name="page116" id="page116"> </a> +<!-- png 238 --> +heleth mangynes. The creuyce of the fresshe water geueth gret fode, but +it is an heuy mete to disieste.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXVIII" id="fish_capXVIII"> +Cap. xviij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Caucius.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">C</span>Auci<i>us</i> is a fisshe that will +nat be taken w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no hokes / but eteth of <i>th</i>e bayte +& goth his way quyte. +<span class="sidenote">Capitaius.</span> +Capitai<i>us</i> is a lytel fisshe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a great hede / +a wyde rou<i>n</i>de mouthe / & it hydeth him vnder the stones. +<span class="sidenote"><i>Carp.</i></span> +Nota. Carpera is a carpe, & it is a fysshe that hathe great scales / +and the female hathe a great rowghe, & she can bringe forthe no +yonges tyll she haue receyued mylke of her make / & that she +receyueth at the mouth / +<span class="sidenote">Is difficult to net.</span> +and it is yll for to take / for whan it perceyueth that it shalbe taken +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the net, tha<i>n</i> it thrusteth the hede into the +mudde of the water / and than the nette slyppeth ouer him whiche waye +soeuer it come; & some holde them fast be the grounde, grasse / or +erbis, & so saue themselfe.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXIX" id="fish_capXIX"> +Cap. xix.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Whale.</i></span> + +<p><span class="largecap">C</span>Etus is the greatest whale fisshe of +all / his mouthe is so wyde that he bloweth vp the water as yf it were a +clowde / wherw<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> he drowneth many shippes / but whan the +maryners spye where he is / than thei acco<i>m</i>pany them a gret many +of shyppes togeder about him with diuers i<i>n</i>strume<i>n</i>tis of +musike, & they play with grete armonye / +<span class="sidenote">Likes Harmony.</span> +& the fische is very gladde of this armonye / & co<i>m</i>meth +fletynge a-boue the watere to here the melody, +<span class="sidenote">Gets harpooned,</span> +& than they haue amonge them an instrument of yron, <i>th</i>e +whiche they feste<i>n</i> in-to the harde ski<i>n</i>ne, & the weght +of it synketh downwarde in to <i>th</i>e fat & grese / & sodenly +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that al <i>th</i>e instrumentes of musike be styll, +and <i>th</i>e shyppes departe frome thens, & anone he sinketh to +the grownde / & he feleth <i>tha</i>t the salt watere smarteth in +<i>th</i>e wou<i>n</i>de, +<span class="sidenote">rubs the harpoon into himself, and slays +himself.</span> +tha<i>n</i> he turneth his bely vpwaerd and rubbeth his wownde +agay<i>n</i>st <i>th</i>e grou<i>n</i>d, & the more he rubbeth, the +depere it entreth / & he rubbeth so longe <i>tha</i>t he sleeth +hymself +/ and whan he is dede, than co<i>m</i>meth he vp agayne and sheweth him +selfe dede / as he dyd before quicke / and than the shippes gader them +togeder agayne, and take, & so lede hym to lo<i>n</i>de, & do +theyr profyte with hym.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXXII" id="fish_capXXII"> +Cap. xxij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Conche, or <i>Muscle</i>.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">C</span>Onche be abydynge in <i>th</i>e +harde shellis: as <i>th</i>e mone growth or waneth, so be the conches or +muscles fulle or nat full, but smale / & there be many sortes of +conches or musclys / but <i>th</i>e best be they that haue the +perles in.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXXIII" id="fish_capXXIII"> +Cap. xxiij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Sea-snails.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">C</span>Oochele / is a snayle +dwelli<i>n</i>ge in the water & also on the lo<i>n</i>de / they go +out of theyr howses / & they thruste out +<span class="pagenum">117</span> +<a name="page117" id="page117"> </a> +<!-- png 239 --> +.ij. longe hornes wherwith they fele wether they go / for they se nat +where they crepe.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXXIIII" id="fish_capXXIIII"> +Cap. xxiiij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Conger.</i></span> + +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>He Conger is a se fisshe facioned +like an ele / but they be moche greter in qua<i>n</i>tyte / & whan +it bloweth sore, than waxe they fatte. +<span class="sidenote">Polippus.</span> +¶ Polippus is also a stronge fisshe <i>tha</i>t onwarse he wyl pull +a man out of a shyp. yet <i>th</i>e conger is so stronge that he wyll +tere polippu<i>m</i> asonder w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his teth, & in +winter <i>th</i>e conger layth in <i>th</i>e depe cauernes or holes of +the water. & he is nat taken but in somer. ¶ Esculapius sayth. +<span class="sidenote">Corets.</span> +<a name="fish_capXXIIIIa" id="fish_capXXIIIIa">Coretz</a> is a +fisshe that hydeth hym in the depe of <i>th</i>e water whan it rayneth / +for yf he receiued any rayne, he sholde waxe blynde, and dye of it. +¶ Iorath sayth. +<span class="sidenote"><i>Sea-crevice.</i></span> +<a name="fish_capXXIIIIb" id="fish_capXXIIIIb">The fisshes that be +named se craues</a> / wha<i>n</i>ne they haue yo<i>n</i>ges / they make +suche noise <i>tha</i>t through theyr noyse they be fou<i>n</i>de and +taken.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXXVII" id="fish_capXXVII"> +Cap. xxvij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Dolphin or Mermaid.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">D</span>Elphin<i>us</i> is a mo<i>n</i>ster +of the see, & it hath no voyce, but it singheth lyke a man / and +towarde a tempest it playeth vpon the water. Some say whan they be taken +that they wepe. The delphin hath none cares for to here / nor no nose +for to smelle / yet it smelleth very well & sharpe. And it slepeth +vpon the water very hartely, that thei be hard ronke a farre of / and +thei leue C.xl. yere. & they here gladly play<i>n</i>ge on +instrumentes, as lutes / harpes / tabours / and pypes. They loue their +yonges very well, and they fede them lo<i>n</i>ge with the mylke of +their pappes / & they haue many yonges, & amonge the<i>m</i> all +be .ij. olde ones, that yf it fortuned one of <i>th</i>e yonges to dye, +tha<i>n</i> these olde ones wyll burye them depe in the gorwnd +[<i>sic</i>] of the see / because othere fisshes sholde nat ete thys +dede delphyn; so well they loue theyr yonges. There was ones a kinge +<i>tha</i>t had take<i>n</i> a delphin / whyche he caused to be bounde +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> chaynes fast at a hauen where as the shippes come in +at / & there was alway the pyteoust wepynge / and lamentynge, that +the kinge coude nat for pyte / but let hym go agayne.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXXXI" id="fish_capXXXI"> +Cap. xxxi.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Echeola, a Muscle.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">E</span>Cheola is a muskle / in whose fysshe +is a precious stone / & be night they flete to the water syde / and +there they receyue the heuenly dewe, where throughe there groweth in +the<i>m</i> a costly margaret or orient perle / & they flete a great +many togeder / & he <i>tha</i>t knoweth <i>th</i>e water best / +gothe before & ledeth the other / & whan he is taken, all the +other scater a brode, and geteth them away.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">118</span> +<a name="page118" id="page118"> </a> +<!-- png 240 --> +<h5><a name="fish_capXXXVI" id="fish_capXXXVI"> +Cap. xxxvi.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Echinus.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">E</span>Chyn<i>us</i> is a lytell fysshe of +half a fote longe / & hath sharpe prykcles vnder his bely in stede +of fete.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXXXVII" id="fish_capXXXVII"> +Cap. xxxvii.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Esox.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">E</span>Zox is a very grete fisshe in that +water danowe be the londe of hu<i>n</i>garye / he is of suche bygnes +that a carte with .iiij. horses can nat cary hym awaye / and he hath nat +many bones, but his hede is full / and he hath swete fisshe lyke a +porke, and whan this fysshe is taken, tha<i>n</i>ne geue hym mylke to +drynke, and ye may carye hym many a myle, and kepe hym longe quicke.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXXXVIII" id="fish_capXXXVIII"> +xxxviii.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Phocas.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">F</span>Ocas is a see bulle, & is very +stro<i>n</i>ge & dangerous / and +<span class="sidenote">Kills his wife and gets another.</span> +he feghteth euer with his wyf tyll she be dede / and whan he hath kylled +her, than he casteth her out of his place, & seketh another, and +leueth with her very well tyl he dye / or tyll his wyfe ouercome him and +kylle hy<i>m</i> / he bydeth alway in one place / he and his yonges leue +be suche as they can gete. +<span class="sidenote">Halata.</span> +¶ <a name="fish_capXXXVIIIa" id="fish_capXXXVIIIa">Halata</a> +is a beste that dothe on-naturall dedys / for wha<i>n</i> she feleth her +yo<i>n</i>ges quycke, or stere in her body / +<span class="sidenote">Takes her young out of her womb to look at +’em.</span> +tha<i>n</i> she draweth the<i>m</i> out & loketh vpon the<i>m</i> / +yf she se they be to yo<i>n</i>ge, tha<i>n</i> she putteth the<i>m</i> +in agayne, & lateth them grow tyll they be bygger.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXL" id="fish_capXL"> +Cap. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘xv’">xl</ins>.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Sword-Fish.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">G</span>Ladi<i>us</i> is a fisshe so named +because he is mouthed after the fascyo<i>n</i> of a sworde poynt / and +ther-fore often tymes he perseth <i>th</i>e shyppes thorough, & so +causeth them to be drowned. Aristotiles. +<span class="sidenote">Gastarios.</span> +Gastarios is a fisshe lyke the scorpion / and is but lytell greter than +a spyder / & it styngeth many fisshes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> her poyson +so that they ca<i>n</i> nat endure nowhere / and he styngeth the dolphin +on the hede <i>tha</i>t it entreth in-to <i>th</i>e brayne. +<span class="sidenote">Glaucus.</span> +¶ Isidorus. Glaucus is a whyte fissh that is but selden sene except +in darke rayne weder / and is nat in season but in the howndes +dayes.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXLI" id="fish_capXLI"> +Cap. xli.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Gudgeon.</i></span> + +<p><span class="largecap">G</span>Obio is a smale longe fissh with a +rou<i>n</i>de body / full of scales and litell blacke spottys / and some +saye they leue of drou<i>n</i>de caryo<i>n</i> / & the fisshers say +contrarye, <i>tha</i>t they leue in clere watere in sandye graueil / and +it is a holsom mete. +<span class="sidenote">Gravus.</span> +¶ Grauus is a fisshe that hath an iye aboue on hys hede, and +therw<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> he loketh vp, and saueth hym from the<i>m</i> +that wyll eat hym.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">119</span> +<a name="page119" id="page119"> </a> +<!-- png 241 --> +<h5><a name="fish_capLIII" id="fish_capLIII"> +liii.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Pike:</i></span> + +<p><span class="largecap">L</span>Ucius is a pike / a fisshe of +<i>th</i>e riuer w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a wyde mouthe & sharpe teth: +whan <i>th</i>e perche spieth him / he turneth his tayle towardes him / +& than <i>th</i>e pike dare nat byte him because of his finnes, or +he can nat swalowe him because he is so sharpe / +<span class="sidenote">eats venomous beasts;</span> +he eteth venimo<i>us</i> bestes, as todes, frogges, & suche like; +yet it is sayde <i>tha</i>t he is very holsom for seke peple. He eteth +fisshes almost as moche as himselfe / wha<i>n</i> they be to bigge, +tha<i>n</i> he byteth the<i>m</i> in ij. peces, & swaloweth the one +halfe first, & tha<i>n</i> the other / +<span class="sidenote">is begotten by a West Wind.</span> +he is engendered w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a westerne wynde.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLVII" id="fish_capLVII"> +Cap. lvii.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Sea-Mouse</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">M</span>Us marin<i>us</i>, the see mouse, +gothe out of the water, & there she laith her egges in a hole of the +erthe, & couereth the eges, & goth her way & bydeth frome +them xxx. dayes, and than commeth agayne and oncouereth them, & than +there be yo<i>n</i>ges, and them she ledeth into <i>th</i>e water, & +they be first al blynde. +<span class="sidenote">Musculus is the cock of Balena.</span> +Muscul<i>us</i> is a fisshe <i>tha</i>t layth harde shellis, and of it +the great monster balena receyueth her nature, & it is named to be +the cocke of balena. +<span class="sidenote">Sea-weazle.</span> +Mustela is the see wesyll / she casteth her yonges lyke other bestes / +& whan she hath cast them, yf she perceiue that they shall be +fou<i>n</i>de, she swaloweth them agayne into her body, and than seketh +a place wher as they may be surer without dau<i>n</i>ger / & than +she speweth them out agayne.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLIX" id="fish_capLIX"> +Cap. lix.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Lamprey.</i></span> + +<p><span class="largecap">M</span>Urena is a lo<i>n</i>ge fisshe +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a weke skinne lyke a serpent / & it conceyueth of +the serpe<i>n</i>t vipera / it liueth longest in the tayle, for +wha<i>n</i> that is cut of, it dyeth inco<i>n</i>tinent / +<span class="sidenote">Must be boiled in wine.</span> +it must be soden in gode wyne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> herbes & spices, or +ellis it is very dau<i>n</i>gero<i>us</i> to be eten, for it hath many +venymous humours, and it is euyll to disieste.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXI" id="fish_capLXI"> +Cap. lxi.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Mulus:</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">M</span>Ulus is a see fysshe <i>tha</i>t is +smale of body / & is only a mete for gentils: & there be many +maners of these / +<span class="sidenote">has 2 beards.</span> +but the best be those <i>tha</i>t haue ij. berdes vnd<i>er</i> the +mouthe / & whan it is fayre weder, than they waxe fatte / whan he is +dede than he is of many colours.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXIIII" id="fish_capLXIIII"> +Cap. lxiiij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Nereids.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">N</span>Ereydes be monsters of <i>th</i>e +see, all rowghe of body / & whan any of them dyeth, tha<i>n</i> the +other wepe. of this is spoke<i>n</i> in balena, the .xiiij. chapter.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">120</span> +<a name="page120" id="page120"> </a> +<!-- png 242 --> + +<span class="sidenote">Orchun.</span> + +<p><a name="fish_capLXIIIIa" id="fish_capLXIIIIa"><span class="largecap">O</span>Rchu<i>n</i></a> is a monster of <i>th</i>e se / +whose lykenes can nat lightely be shewed / +<span class="sidenote">Is Balene’s deadly enemy.</span> +& he is mortal e<i>n</i>nemye to <i>th</i>e balene, & tereth +asonder the bely of the balene / & the balene is so boystous +<i>tha</i>t he can nat turne hym to defende him, and <i>tha</i>t costeth +him his lyfe / for as sone as he feleth hi<i>m</i> selfe wou<i>n</i>ded, +than he si<i>n</i>keth doune to the botom of the water agayne / & +the Orchu<i>n</i> throweth at him w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> stones / & thus +balena endith his lyfe.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXVI" id="fish_capLXVI"> +Cap. lxvi.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Pearl-Oyster.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">O</span>Streñ is an oyster that openeth his +shell to receyue <i>th</i>e dewe & swete ayre. In <i>th</i>e oyster +groweth naturall orient perles that oftentymes laye on the see stronde, +& be but lytell regarded, as Isidorus saith.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXVII" id="fish_capLXVII"> +Cap. lxvij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Pagrus.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">P</span>agrus is a fisshe that hath so harde +tethe <i>tha</i>t he byteth <i>th</i>e oyster shelles in peces, & +eteth out the fisshe of the<i>m</i>. +<span class="sidenote">Sea-Peacock.</span> +Nota. Pauus maris is the Pecocke of the Se, & is lyke the pecocke of +the londe, bothe his backe, necke, & hede / & the nether body is +fisshe +<span class="sidenote">Percus.</span> +Nota. Percus is of diuers colours, & swift in ro<i>n</i>nynge in +<i>th</i>e water, & hathe sharpe finnes, & is a holsome mete for +seke people. +<span class="sidenote">Pecten: winks.</span> +Pecten is a fisshe that is in sandy grou<i>n</i>de, & wha<i>n</i> he +is meued or stered, he wynketh.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXX" id="fish_capLXX"> +Cap. lxx.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Pinna.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">P</span>inna is a fisshe <i>tha</i>t layeth +alwaye in the mudde, and hathe alway a lodisma<i>n</i>, & some name +it a lytel hoge, & it hathe a rou<i>n</i>de body, & it is in a +shell lyke a muscle; +<span class="sidenote">How he catches small fishes.</span> +it layth in the mone as it were dede, gapyng open / and than the smale +fisshes come into his shel, weni<i>n</i>g of him to take their repaste / +but whan he feleth <i>tha</i>t his shell is almoste ful / than he +closeth his mouthe, & taketh them & eteth them / & parteth +them amo<i>n</i>ge his felowes. +<span class="sidenote"><i>Plaice.</i></span> +The playce is well knowen fisshe, for he is brode & blake on the one +syde, and whyte on the other.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXXII" id="fish_capLXXII"> +Cap. <ins class="mycorr" title="text unchanged: error for lxxij?">lxvij</ins>.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Polippus.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">P</span>Olippus hath gret strength in his +fete / what he therin cacheth, he holdeth it fast / he spri<i>n</i>geth +somtyme vp to the shippes syde, & snacheth a ma<i>n</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> him to the grou<i>n</i>de of the see, & there +eteth him / & that <i>tha</i>t he leueth, he casteth it out of his +denne agayn / they be moche in the se about Venis / & he is taken in +barellis where hartys hornes be layd in / for he is gladly be those +hornes.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXXVII" id="fish_capLXXVII"> +Cap. lxxvij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Rumbus.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">R</span>Umbus is a great fisshe stronge +& bolde / but he is very slow in swi<i>m</i>mi<i>n</i>ge, therfor +can he gete his mete but +<span class="pagenum">121</span> +<a name="page121" id="page121"> </a> +<!-- png 243 --> +soberly w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> swi<i>m</i>myng / therfor he layth him down +in the grou<i>n</i>de or mudde, & hideth him there / and all the +fisshes that he can ouercome / co<i>m</i>mynge forby him, he taketh and +eteth them.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXXVIII" id="fish_capLXXVIII"> +Cap. lxxviij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Rubus.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">R</span>Ubus is a fisshe of the grekes se +& of the sees of ytaly / they be rou<i>n</i>de lyke a ringe, & +haue many rede spottes / & is full of sharpe finnes & pinnis / +he is slow in swi<i>m</i>mynge because he is so brode / he gothe be the +grou<i>n</i>de, & wayteth there his praye / & suche fisshes as +he can gete he burieth in the sandes, & it is a very swete fisshe. +<span class="sidenote">Ryache.</span> +Ryache be fisshes that be rou<i>n</i>de / somtyme they be in length +& brede two cubites / & it hath a long tayle / theron be sharpe +pinnes / & it is slowe in swi<i>m</i>mynge.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXXIX" id="fish_capLXXIX"> +Cap. lxxix.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Salmon.</i></span> + +<p><span class="largecap">S</span>almo is a fysshe engendred in the +swete water, & he waxeth longe & gret / & also he is heuy / +& his colour nor sauour is nat gode tyll he haue ben in the salt +wat<i>er</i> & proued it / thus draweth the samon to the water +agaynst <i>th</i>e streme; he neuer seaseth tyll he haue ben i<i>n</i> +the se and returned agayn to his olde home, as <ins class="mycorr" +title="text unchanged: error for ’Phisiologus’?">Phisiologua</ins> +saith / +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>fisshe</i>] ? fleshe.</span> +his <span class="texttag">fisshe</span> is rede, & he may nat liue +in a swet sta<i>n</i>dinge water / he must be in a fresshe riuer that he +may playe up and dou<i>n</i>e at his plesure.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Salpa. <i>Stockfish?</i></span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a name="fish_capLXXIXa" id="fish_capLXXIXa"> +<span class="largecap">S</span>alpa</a> +is a fowle fisshe and lytell set by / for it will neuer be ynough for no +maner of dressinge tyll it haue ben beten with grete hamers & +staues.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXXXII" id="fish_capLXXXII"> +Cap. <ins class="mycorr" title="text unchanged: error for lxxxj or lxxxij?">lxxij</ins>.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Serra.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">S</span>Erra is a fysshe with great tethe, +and on his backe he hathe sharpe fynnes lyke the combe of a cocke / and +iagged lyke a sawe wherew<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +<span class="sidenote">Cuts through ships with his fins.</span> +thys monstrous fisshe cutteth a ship thorough, & whan he seeth a +shippe co<i>m</i>mynge, than he setteth vp his fi<i>n</i>nes & +thi<i>n</i>keth to sayl with the shippe as fast as it / but whan he +seeth that he can nat co<i>n</i>tinue / tha<i>n</i> he latteth his +finnes fall agayn & destroieth the shippe with the people, and +tha<i>n</i> eteth the dede bodyes. +<span class="sidenote">Scylla.</span> +Nota. Scilla is a monster in the see betwene Italye & Sicill / it is +great ennemye vnto ma<i>n</i>. It is faced & handed lyke a +gentylwoman / but it hath a wyde mouthe & ferfull tethe / & it +is belied like a beste, & tayled lyke a dolphin / it hereth gladly +singinge. It is in the wat<i>er</i> so stronge that it can nat be +ouercome / but on <i>th</i>e lond it is but weke.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXXXIII" id="fish_capLXXXIII"> +Cap. lxxxiij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Siren.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">S</span>yrene, the mermayde is a dedely +beste that bringeth a man gladly to dethe / frome the nauyll vp she is +lyke a woman +<span class="pagenum">122</span> +<a name="page122" id="page122"> </a> +<!-- png 244 --> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a dredfull face / a long slymye here, +a grete body, +<span class="sidenote">Siren is like an eagle below,</span> +& is lyke the egle i<i>n</i> the nether parte / haui<i>n</i>ge fete +and tale<i>n</i>tis to tear asonder suche as she geteth / her tayl is +sealed like a fisshe / +<span class="sidenote">sings sweet songs to mariners,</span> +and she singeth a maner of swete song, and therwith deceyueth many a +gode mariner / for wha<i>n</i> they here it, they fall on slepe +co<i>m</i>monly / & than she co<i>m</i>meth, and draweth them out of +the shippe, +<span class="sidenote">and tears them to pieces.</span> +and tereth them asonder / they bere their yo<i>n</i>ges in their armes, +& geue them souke of their papis whiche be very grete, +ha<i>n</i>ginge at their brestis / but <i>th</i>e wyse maryners stoppe +their eares whan they se her / for whan she playth on the wat<i>er</i>, +all they be in fear, & than they cast out an empty to<i>n</i>ne to +let her play w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> it tyll they be past her / this is +specifyed of the<i>m</i> <i>tha</i>t haue sene it. +<span class="sidenote"><b>Sirens, serpents.</b></span> +Ther be also in some places of arabye, serp<i>n</i>tis named sirenes, +that ronne faster than an horse, & haue wynges to flye.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXXXV" id="fish_capLXXXV"> +[Cap. lxxxv.]</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Solaris.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">S</span>Olaris is a fishe so named because +it is gladly be the londes syde in the so<i>n</i>ne / he hathe a great +hede, a wyde mouth, & a blake skine, & slipper as an +ele / it waxeth gret, & is gode to be eten. +<span class="sidenote"><i>Sole.</i></span> +Solea is the sole, that is a swete fisshe and holsom for seke +people.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXXXVI" id="fish_capLXXXVI"> +Cap. lxxxvi.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Solopendria.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">S</span>Olope<i>n</i>dria is a fisshe / whan +he hathe swalowed i<i>n</i> an angle, than he spueth out al his guttes +till he be quyt of the hoke / and than he gadereth i<i>n</i> all his +guttes agayne. +<span class="sidenote">Sea-Scorpion.</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>The</i>] <i>orig.</i> Tge</span> +<span class="texttag">The</span> Scorpion of the see is so named +because wha<i>n</i> he is taken in any mannys handes he pricketh him +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his stinge of his tayle. Plini<i>us</i> saith that +the dede creuyce that layeth on the drye sonde be the see syde, +beco<i>m</i>meth scorpyons.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capLXXXIX" id="fish_capLXXXIX"> +Cap. lxxxix.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Sturgeon.</i></span> + +<p><span class="largecap">S</span>Turio / the sturgio<i>n</i> is a +gret fisshe in the ro<i>n</i>ninge waters / +<span class="sidenote">Eats no food,</span> +and he taketh no fode i<i>n</i> his body, but lyueth of <i>th</i>e styl +and swete ayres therfore he hathe a small bely / w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a +hede and +<span class="sidenote">has no mouth,</span> +no mouthe, but vnder his throte he hathe a hole <i>tha</i>t he closeth +whan he wyll / he openeth it whan it is fayre weder / +<span class="sidenote">grows fat on east wind.</span> +& with an east wynde he waxeth fat / and whan that the north winde +bloweth, than falleth he to the grou<i>n</i>de / it is a fisshe of ix. +fote longe whan he is ful growen / he hath whyte swete flesshe & +yolow fatte / +<span class="sidenote">Has no bones in his body.</span> +& he hathe no bone in all his body but only in his hede.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXCII" id="fish_capXCII"> +Cap. xcij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Tench.</i></span> + +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>Ecna is a tenche of the fresshe +water, and is fedde in the mudde lyke <i>th</i>e ele / & is moche +lyke of colours: it is a swete fisshe, but it is euyll to disiest. +<span class="sidenote">Tintinalus.</span> +¶ Tintinalus is a fayre +<span class="pagenum">123</span> +<a name="page123" id="page123"> </a> +<!-- png 245 --> +mery fisshe, & is swete of sauour, & well smellinge lyke the +tyme, where of it bereth the name. +<span class="sidenote">Torpedo.</span> +¶ <b>T</b>orpido is a fisshe. but who-so handeleth hym shalbe lame +& defe of ly<i>m</i>mes / that he shall fele no thyng / & it +hathe a maner of Squitana <i>tha</i>t is spoke<i>n</i> of in <i>th</i>e +lxxxiiii. chapter<a class="tag" name="fish_tag_1" id="fish_tag_1" +href="#fish_note_1">1</a>, and his nature.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXCIII" id="fish_capXCIII"> +Cap. xciij.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"><i>Trout.</i></span> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Trncka</i>] <i>for</i> Trutta</span> + +<p>...... ¶ <span class="texttag">Trncka</span> / the trowte is a +fisshe of the ryuer, & hathe scales, & vpo<i>n</i> his body +spottys of yelow and blodye coloure. & his +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>fisshe</i>] ? flesshe</span> +<span class="texttag">fisshe</span> is rede frome <i>th</i>e monthe of +July to the monthe of Noue<i>m</i>ber / and is moche sweter than +<i>th</i>e fresshe samo<i>n</i>; and all the other part of the yere his +<span class="texttag">fisshe</span> is whyte.</p> + +<h5><a name="fish_capXCV" id="fish_capXCV"> +Cap. xcv.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote">Testudo.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>Estudo is a fysshe in a shelle / +& is in <i>th</i>e se of Inde / & his shelle is very great & +like a muskle / & be nyght they go out for theyr mete / & whan +they haue eten theyr bely full / tha<i>n</i> they slepe +swy<i>m</i>mi<i>n</i>g vpon the wat<i>er</i>. tha<i>n</i> ther come iij. +fisshers botes / of <i>th</i>e wiche .iij. twayn take one of these +muskles. Solinus sayth. <i>tha</i>t this muskle hathe his vppermest +shell so brode that it may couere a howse / where many folke may hyde +them vnder / And it gothe out the wat<i>er</i> vpon the londe / & +there it layth an hondred egges as grete as gose eggis / and couer +the<i>m</i> w<i>ith</i> erth / & oftentymes be night it gothe to the +eggys & layeth vpo<i>n</i> the<i>m</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> her brest, +& than become they yo<i>n</i>ges.</p> + +<p class="space"> +[This copy of Admiral Swinburne’s <i>Andrewe</i> ends with the next +column of this page, sign. v. i. back, with an illustration not +headed, but which is that to Cap. xcvij.]</p> + +</div> <!-- end div prose --> + +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="fish_note_1" id="fish_note_1" href="#fish_tag_1">1.</a> +Squatin<i>us</i> is a fisshe in <i>th</i>e se, of fiue cubites longe: +his tayle is a fote brode, & he hideth him in the slimy mudde of +<i>th</i>e se, & marreth al other fisshes that come nigh him: it +hath so sharpe a ski<i>n</i>ne that in som places they shaue wode with +it, & bone also / on his ski<i>n</i>ne is blacke short here. The +nature hathe made him so harde that he can nat almoste be persed with +nouther yron nor stele.</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p class="footnote"> +[Note to <a name="fish_note_2" id="fish_note_2" href="#fish_capXIIII"><i>Balena</i>, p. 115</a>. þar [in þe se of +Brytain] buþ ofte ytake dolphyns & se-calves, & <i>balenes</i>, +(gret fysch, as hyt were of whaales kinde) & dyvers manere +schyl-fysch, among þe whoche schyl-fysch buþ moskles þat habbeþ wiþynne +ham margey perles of al manere colour of huȝ, of rody & red, of +purpre & of bluȝ, & specialych & moost of whyte. Trevisa’s +Higden, in Morris’s <i>Specimens</i>, p. 334. For ‘the cocke of +Balena’ see <a href="#fish_capLVII">Musculus, p. 119</a>, above; +and for its ‘mortal ennemye,’ <a href="#fish_capLXIIIIa">Orchun, +p. 120</a>.]</p> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">124</span> +<a name="page124" id="page124"> </a> +<!-- png 246 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="neckeweede" id="neckeweede"> +<img src="images/page124header.png" width="264" height="72" +alt="Wilyam Bulleyn on Boxyng & Neckeweede." +title="Wilyam Bulleyn on Boxyng & Neckeweede."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +(From <i>The Booke of Compoundes</i>, fol. lxviii.)</p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<p> </p> + +<p class="center"><i>Sicknes.</i></p> + +<p class="center">Will boxyng doe any pleasure?</p> + +<p class="center"><i>Health.</i></p> + +<p><span class="largecap">Y</span>ea forsothe, verie moche: As +example, if you haue any +<span class="sidenote">For saucy louts,</span> +sausie loughte, or loitryng lubber within your house, that is either to +busy of his hand or tongue: and can do nothing but plaie one of the +partes of the .24. orders of knaues. +<span class="sidenote">the best cure is Boxing.</span> +There is no pretier medicen for this, nor soner prepared, then boxyng +is: iii. or .iiii. tymes well set on, a span long on bothe the +chekes. And although perhaps this will not alter his lubberly +condicio<i>n</i>s, yet I assure you, it wil for a time chau<i>n</i>ge +his knauishe complexio<i>n</i>, and helpe him of the grene sicknes: and +euery man maie practise this, as occasion shall serue hym in his +familie, to reforme them. <i>Bulleins Bulwarke of Defence</i>, 1562.</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p class="center"><a name="weed_hempe" id="weed_hempe"> +(From <i>The booke of Simples</i>, fol. xxvii. back.)</a></p> + +<p class="center"><i>Marcellus.</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote">The names of Hemp.</span> + +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>here is an herbe whiche light +fellowes merily will call Gallowgrasse, Neckeweede, or the Tristrams +knot, or Saynt Audres lace, or a bastarde brothers badge, with a +difference on the left side, &c. you know my meaning.</p> + +<p class="center"><i>Hillarius.</i></p> + +<p><span class="largecap">W</span>hat, you speake of Hempe? mary, you +t<i>e</i>rme it with manie pretie names. I neuer heard the like +<span class="pagenum">125</span> +<a name="page125" id="page125"> </a> +<!-- png 247 --> +termes giuen to any simple, as you giue to this; you cal it neckwede. +<span class="sidenote">Neckweed (a halter)</span> +A, well, I pray you, woulde you know the propertie of this +Neckeweede in this kinde? beinge chaunged into such a lace, this is his +vertue. Syr, if there be any yonkers troubled with idelnesse and +loytryng, hauyng neither learnyng, nor willyng handes to labour: or that +haue studied Phisicke so longe that he or they +<span class="sidenote">is good for thievish apprentices,</span> +can giue his Masters purse a Purgacion, or his Chist, shoppe, and +Countinghouse, a strong vomit; yea, if he bee a very cunning +practicioner in false accomptes, he may so suddenly and rashely +minister, that he may smite his Father, his Maister, or his friende +&c. into a sudden incurable consumption, that he or they shall +neuer recouer it againe, but be vtterly vndone, and cast either into +miserable pouertie, prisonment, bankeroute &c. If this come to +passe, then the +<span class="sidenote page">[* Fol. xxviii.]</span> +*best rewarde for this practicioner, is this Neckeweede: +<span class="sidenote">for swashbucklers past grace,</span> +if there be any swashbuckler, common theefe, ruffen, or murtherer past +grace, y<sup>e</sup> nexte remedie is this Lace or Corde. For them which +neuer loued concored, peace nor honestie, this wil ende all the +mischief; this is a purger, not of Melancholy, but a finall banisher of +<span class="sidenote">and all scamps.</span> +all them that be not fit to liue in a common wealth, no more then Foxes +amonge sheepe, or Thistles amonge good Corne, hurters of trew people. +This Hempe, I say, passeth the new Diat, bothe in force and +antiquitee. +<span class="sidenote">Also for young spendthrifts</span> +If yonge wantons, whose parentes haue left them fayre houses, goods and +landes, whiche be visciously, idle, vnlearnedly, yea or rather beastly +brought vp: +<span class="sidenote">who after their parents’ death</span> +after the death of their saied parentes, their fruites wil spryng foorth +which they haue learned in their wicked youthe: then bankets and +brothels will approche, +<span class="sidenote">waste their all with harlots</span> +the Harlots will be at hande, with dilightes and intisementes, the Baude +will doe hir diligence, robbyng not onlie the pursses, but also the +hartes of suche yongemen, whiche when they be trapped, can neuer skape, +one amonge +<span class="pagenum">126</span> +<a name="page126" id="page126"> </a> +<!-- png 248 --> +an hundredth, vntill Hempe breaketh the bande amonge these loytring +louers. +<span class="sidenote">and in gambling</span> +<a name="weed_dice" id="weed_dice">The Dice</a> whiche be bothe +smalle and light, in respecte vnto the Coluering, or double Cannon +shotte or Bollet, yet with small force and noyse can mine, break downe, +and destroy, and caste away their one Maisters houses, faire feldes, +pleasaunt Woddes, and al their money, yea frendes and al together, this +can the Dice do. And moreouer, +<span class="sidenote">which makes men beggars, or thieves.</span> +can make of worshipfull borne Gentilmen, miserable beggars, or theefes, +yet for the time “a-loft syrs, hoyghe childe and tourne thee, what +should youth do els: +<span class="sidenote">A life of reckless debauchery</span> +I-wisse, not liue like slaues or pesantes, but all golden, glorious, may +with dame Venus, my hartes delight” say they. “What a sweete heauen is +this: Haue at all, kockes woundes, bloud and nayles, caste the house out +at the window, and let the Diuell pay the Malte man: a Dogge hath +but a day, a good mariage will recouer all together:” +<span class="sidenote">and robbery</span> +or els with a Barnards blowe, lurkyng in some lane, wodde, or hill top, +to get that with falshead in an hower, whiche with trueth, labour, & +paine, hath bene gathered for perhappes .xx. yeares, to the vtter +vndoyng of some honest familie. Here thou seest, gentle Marcellus, +a miserable Tragedie of a wicked shamelesse life. I nede not +bring forth the example of the Prodigall childe. Luke .xvi. Chapter, +whiche at length came to grace: It is, I feare me, in vaine to talke of +him, whose ende was good; +<span class="sidenote">ends with</span> +but a greate nomber of these flee from grace, and come to endes moste +vngracious, finished only life by +<span class="sidenote">Hemp.</span> +this Hempe. Although sometime the innocente man dieth that way, through +periurie for their one propper gooddes, as Naboth died for his owne +Vineyarde, miserable in the eies of the worlde, but precious in the +sight of God. This is one seruice whiche Hempe doeth.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The use of Hemp</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Also this worthy noble herbe Hempe, called <i>Cannabis</i> in Latten, +can not bee wanted in a common wealth, +<span class="pagenum">127</span> +<a name="page127" id="page127"> </a> +<!-- png 249 --> +<span class="sidenote">to the Sailor,</span> +no Shippe can sayle without Hempe, y<sup>e</sup> sayle clothes, the +shroudes, staies, tacles, yarde lines, warps & Cables can not be +made. +<span class="sidenote">Plowman,</span> +No Plowe, or Carte can be without ropes +<span class="sidenote page">[* Fol. xxviii. b.]</span> +*halters, trace &c. +<span class="sidenote">Fisher and</span> +The Fisher and Fouler muste haue Hempe, to make their nettes. +<span class="sidenote">Archer.</span> +And no Archer can wante his bowe string: and the Malt man for his +sackes. With it the belle is rong, to seruice in the Church, with many +mo thynges profitable whiche are commonly knowen of euery man, be made +of Hempe.</p> + +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">128</span> +<a name="page128" id="page128"> </a> +<!-- png 250 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="borde" id="borde"> +<img src="images/page128header.png" width="277" height="74" +alt="Andrew Borde on Sleep, Rising, and Dress." +title="Andrew Borde on Sleep, Rising, and Dress."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<b>From his</b> Regyment, ? 1557.]</p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. <span class="smallroman">E.</span> i.]</span> + +<p>Whole men of what age or complexion so euer they be of, shulde take +theyr naturall rest and slepe in the nyght: and to eschewe merydyall +sleep. +<span class="sidenote">After Dinner, sleep standing</span> +But and nede shall compell a man to slepe after his meate: let hym make +a pause, and than let hym stande & lene and +<span class="sidenote">against a cupboard.</span> +slepe agaynst a cupborde, or els let hym sytte upryght in a chayre and +slepe. Slepynge after a full stomacke doth ingendre dyuers infyrmyties, +it doth hurte the splene, it relaxeth the synewes, it doth ingendre the +dropses and the gowte, and doth make a man looke euyll +<span class="sidenote page">[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">E.</span> i. b.]</span> +colored. *Beware of veneryous actes before the fyrste slepe, and +specyally beware of suche thynges after dyner or after a full stomacke, +for it doth ingendre the crampe and the gowte and other displeasures. +<span class="sidenote">Before bedtime be merry.</span> +To bedwarde be you mery, or haue mery company ahoute you, so that to +bedwarde no angre, nor heuynes, sorowe, nor pensyfulnes, do trouble or +dysquyet you. To bedwarde, and also in the mornynge, +<span class="sidenote">Have a fire in your bedroom,</span> +vse to haue a fyre in your chambre, to wast and consume the euyl +vapowres within the chambre, for the breath of man may putryfye the ayre +within the cha<i>m</i>bre: I do advertyse you not to stande nor to +sytte by the fyre, +<span class="sidenote">but stand a good way off it.</span> +but stande or syt a good way of from the fyre, takynge the flauour of +it, for fyre doth aryfie and doth drye vp a mannes blode, and doth make +sterke the synewes and ioyntes of man. +<span class="sidenote">Shut your windows.</span> +In the nyght let the wyndowes of +<span class="pagenum">129</span> +<a name="page129" id="page129"> </a> +<!-- png 251 --> +your howse, specyallye of your cha<i>m</i>bre, be closed. +<span class="sidenote page">[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">E.</span> ii.]</span> +Whan you* be in your bedde,<a class="tag" name="borde_tag_1" id="borde_tag_1" href="#borde_note_1">1</a> +<span class="sidenote">Lie first on your left side.</span> +lye a lytle whyle on your lefte syde, and slepe on your ryght syde. And +whan you do wake of your fyrste slepe, make water yf you feel your +bladder charged, & than slepe on the lefte side; and looke as ofte +as you do wake, so oft turne your selfe in the bedde from one syde to +the other. +<span class="sidenote">To sleep groveling on the belly, is bad;</span> +To slepe grouellynge vpon the stomacke and bely is not good, oneles the +stomacke be slowe and tarde of dygestion; but better it is to laye your +hande, or your bedfelowes hande, ouer your stomacke, than to lye +grouellynge. +<span class="sidenote">on the back upright, is worse.</span> +To slepe on the backe vpryght<a class="tag" name="borde_tag_2" id="borde_tag_2" href="#borde_note_2">2</a> is vtterly to be abhorred<a +class="tag" href="#borde_note_1">1</a>: whan that you do slepe, let +not your necke, nother your sholders, nother your ha<i>n</i>ds, nor +feete, nor no other place of your bodye, lye bare vndiscouered. Slepe +not with an emptye stomacke, nor slepe not after that you haue eaten +meate one howre or two after. In your bed lye with your head somwhat +hyghe, leaste that the +<span class="sidenote page">[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">E.</span> ii. b.]</span> +*meate whiche is in your stomacke, thorowe eructuacions or some other +cause, ascende to the oryfe (<i>sic</i>) of the stomacke. +<span class="sidenote">Wear a scarlet nightcap.</span> +<a name="borde_nightcap" id="borde_nightcap">Let your nyght cap be +of scarlet:</a> and this I do aduertyse you, to cause to be made a good +thycke quylte of cotton, +<span class="pagenum">130</span> +<a name="page130" id="page130"> </a> +<!-- png 252 --> +<span class="sidenote">Have a flock bed over your featherbed.</span> +or els of pure flockes or of cleane wolle, and let the couerynge of it +be of whyte fustyan, and laye it on the fetherbed that you do lye on; +and in your bed lye not to hote nor to colde, but in a temporaunce. Olde +auncyent Doctors of physicke sayth .viii. howres of slepe in +so<i>m</i>mer, and ix. in wynter, is suffycent for any man: but I do +thynke that slepe oughte to be taken as the complexion of man is. +<span class="sidenote">On rising, remember God, brush your breeches, +put on</span> +Whan you do ryse in the mornynge, ryse with myrth and remembre God. Let +your hosen be brusshed within & without, and flauer the insyde of +them agaynst the fyre; vse lynnen sockes, +<span class="sidenote">your hose,</span> +or lynnen hosen nexte your legges: whan you be out of your bedde, +<span class="sidenote">stretch,</span> +stretche forth your +<span class="sidenote page">[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">E.</span> iii.]</span> +*legges & armes, & your body; <a name="borde_stool" id="borde_stool">cough, and spytte</a>, and +<span class="sidenote">go to stool.</span> +than go to your stoole to make your egestyon, and exonerate youre selfe +at all tymes, that nature wolde expell. For yf you do make any +restryction in kepynge your egestyon or your vryne, or ventosyte, it +maye put you to dyspleasure in breadynge dyuers infyrmyties. After you +haue euacuated your bodye, +<span class="sidenote">Truss your points, comb your head,</span> +& trussed your poyntes,<a class="tag" name="borde_tag_3" id="borde_tag_3" href="#borde_note_3">3</a> kayme your heade oft, and so +do dyuers tymes in the day. +<span class="sidenote">wash your hands and face,</span> +And wasshe your ha<i>n</i>des & wrestes, your face, & eyes, and +your teeth, with colde water; and after y<sup>t</sup> you be apparayled, +<span class="sidenote">take a stroll,</span> +walke in your gardyn or parke, a thousande pase or two. <a name="borde_mass" id="borde_mass">And than great and noble men doth vse to +here masse</a>, & other men that can not do so, but muste applye +theyr busynes, doth +<span class="sidenote">pray to God.</span> +serue god w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> some prayers, surrendrynge thankes to hym +for hys manyfolde goodnes, with askynge mercye +<span class="pagenum">131</span> +<a name="page131" id="page131"> </a> +<!-- png 253 --> +for theyr offences. And before you go to your +<span class="sidenote page">[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">E.</span> iii. b.]</span> +refecti*on, moderatly exercise your body with some labour, +<span class="sidenote">Play at tennis, or wield weights.</span> +or playeng at the tennys, or castyng a bowle, or paysyng weyghtes or +plo<i>m</i>mettes of leede in your handes, or some other thyng, to open +your poores, & to augment naturall heate. +<span class="sidenote">At meals,</span> +At dyner and supper<a class="tag" name="borde_tag_4" id="borde_tag_4" href="#borde_note_4">4</a> vse not to drynke sundry +drynkes, and eate not of dyuers meates: +<span class="sidenote">eat only of 2 or 3 dishes;</span> +but feede of .ii. or .iii. dysshes at the moste. After that you haue +dyned and supte, laboure not by and by after, but make a pause, syttynge +or standynge vpryght the space of an howre or more with some pastyme: +drynke not moch after dyner. +<span class="sidenote">let supper-dishes be light.</span> +At your supper, vse lyght meates of dygestyon, and refrayne from grose +meates; go not to bed with a full nor an emptye stomacke. And after your +supper make a pause or you go to bed; and go to bed, as I sayde, with +myrth.</p> + +<p><a name="borde_apparel" id="borde_apparel">Furthermore</a> as +concernynge your apparell. In wynter, next your shert +<span class="sidenote">Wear a scarlet petycote.</span> +vse you to weare a petycote of scarlet: your +<span class="sidenote page">[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">E.</span> iv.]</span> +dowb*let vse at plesure: But I do aduertyse you to +<span class="sidenote">Line a jacket with white and black lambskin +sewn diamond-wise.</span> +lyne your Iacket vnder this fasshyon or maner. Bye you fyne skynnes of +whyte lambe & blacke lambe. And let your skyn<i>n</i>er cut both +y<sup>e</sup> sortes of the skynnes in smale peces triangle wyse, lyke +halfe a quarell of a glasse wyndowe. And than sewe +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>a</i>] MS. <i>a a</i></span> +togyther<span class="texttag"> a </span>whyte pece and a blacke, +lyke a whole quarell of a glasse wyndowe: and so sewe vp togyther +<span class="pagenum">132</span> +<a name="page132" id="page132"> </a> +<!-- png 254 --> +quarell wyse as moche as wyll lyne your Iacket: this furre, for +holsommes, is praysed aboue sables, or any other fur. Your exteryall +aparel vse accordyng to your honour. In som<i>m</i>er vse to were a +scarlet petycote made of stamell or lynse wolse. In wynter and +so<i>m</i>mer kepe not your bed to hote, nor bynde it to strayte; +<span class="sidenote">Keep your neck warm.</span> +kepe euer your necke warme. In somer kepe your necke and face from the +sonne; +<span class="sidenote">Wear goatskin gloves.</span> +vse to wear gloues made of goote skyn, perfumed with Amber degrece. +<a name="borde_sun" id="borde_sun">And beware</a> in sta<i>n</i>dyng or +lyeng on the +<span class="sidenote page">[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">E.</span> iv. b.]</span> +*grounde in the reflection of the son<i>n</i>e, but be mouable. If thou +shalt com<i>m</i>on or talke w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> any man: +<span class="sidenote">Don’t stand long on grass or stones.</span> +stande not styll in one place yf it be vpon y<sup>e</sup> bare +grou<i>n</i>de, or grasse, or stones: but be mouable in suche places. +Stande nor syt vpon no stone or stones: Stande nor syt longe barehed +vnder a vawte of stone. Also beware that you do not lye in olde +cha<i>m</i>bres which be not occupyed, +<span class="sidenote">Don’t sleep in ratty rooms.</span> +specyally suche chambres as myse and rattes and snayles resorteth vnto: +lye not in suche chambres, the whiche be depreued cleane from the sonne +and open ayre; nor lye in no lowe Chambre, excepte it be boorded. +<span class="sidenote">Don’t take cold in your feet.</span> +Beware that you take no colde on your feete and legges. And of all +weather beware that you do not ryde nor go in great and Impytous wyndes. +(<i>A Compe</i>n<i>dyous Regyment or a Dyetary of helth, made in +Mou</i>n<i>tpylior: Compyled by Andrewe Boorde, of Physicke Doctor.</i> +(Colophon.) Imprinted by me Robert Wyer: Dwellynge at the sygne of seynt +Johñ Euangelyst, in S. Martyns Parysshe, besyde Charynge +Crosse.)</p> + +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<div class="prose"> +<p><a name="borde_note_1" id="borde_note_1" href="#borde_tag_1">1-1.</a> +Compare what Bulleyn says:— slepe. The night is the best time: the +daie is euill: to slepe in the fielde is perilous. But vpon, or in the +bedde, liyng firste vpon the right side, untill you make water: then +vpon the lefte side, is good. +<span class="sidenote">How to lie in bed.</span> +But to lye vpon the backe, with a gaping mouth, is daungerous: and many +thereby are made starke ded in their slepe: through apoplexia, and +obstruccion of the sinewes, of the places vitalle, animall, and +nutrimentalle. <i>Bullein’s Bulwarke, The booke of the vse of sicke men +and medicenes</i>, fol. lxx. See also Sir John Harrington’s directions +from Ronsovius: “They that are in health, must first sleepe on the right +side, because the meate may come to the liuer, which is to the stomack +as a fire vnder the pot, and thereby is digested. To them which haue but +weake digestion, +<span class="sidenote">Who should put their hands on their +stomachs.</span> +it is good to sleepe prostrate on their bellies, or to haue their bare +hands on their stomackes: and to lye vpright on the backe, is to bee +vtterly abhorred.” p. 19.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="borde_note_2" id="borde_note_2" href="#borde_tag_2">2.</a> +This wenche lay <i>upright</i>, and faste slepte. Chaucer. <i>The Reeves +Tale</i>, l. 4192, ed. Wright.</p> + +<div class="prose"> +<span class="sidenote">Of Frication</span> +<p><a name="borde_note_3" id="borde_note_3" href="#borde_tag_3">3 +.</a> +Fricacion is one of the euacuacions, yea, or clensynges of mankinde, as +all the learned affirmeth: that mankinde should rise in the mornyng, and +haue his apparell warme, stretchyng foorthe his handes and legges. +Preparyng the bodie to the stoole, and then +<span class="sidenote">and combing the head.</span> +begin with a fine Combe, to kembe the heere vp and down: then with a +course warme clothe, to chafe or rubbe the hedde, necke, breast, +armeholes, bellie, thighes, &c., and this is good to open the pores. +1562 <i>Bullein’s Bulwarke</i>, The booke of the vse of sicke men and +medicenes, fol. lxvij. See <a href="#vaughan_2">Vaughan below, No. +2</a>, p. 133.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="borde_note_4" id="borde_note_4" href="#borde_tag_4">4.</a> +Drunkards, bench-wislers, that will quaffe untill thei are starcke +staring madde like Marche Hares: Fleming-like Sinckars; brainlesse like +infernall Furies. Drinkyng, braulyng, tossyng of the pitcher, staryng, +pissyng*, and sauyng your reuerence, beastly spuyng vntill midnight. +Therefore let men take hede of dronke<i>n</i>nes to bedward, for feare +of sodain death: although the Flemishe† nacion vse this horrible custome +in their vnnaturall watching all the night. <i>Bullein</i>, fol. +lxix-lxx, see also fol. xj.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p>* Compare A. Borde of the “base Doche man,” in his +<i>Introduction</i>.</p> + +<p class="float">†</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>I am a Flemyng, what for all that</p> +<p>Although I wyll be dronken other whyles as a rat.</p> +<p class="right">A. Borde, <i>Introduction</i>.</p> +</div> <!-- end div verse --> +</div> <!-- end div footnote (inner) --> + +</div> <!-- end div footnote (outer) --> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">133</span> +<a name="page133" id="page133"> </a> +<!-- png 255 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="vaughan" id="vaughan"> +<img src="images/page133header.png" width="358" height="74" +alt="William Vaughan’s Fifteen Directions to preserve Health." +title="William Vaughan’s Fifteen Directions to preserve Health."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +(From his <i>Naturall & Artificial Directions<br> +for health</i>, 1602, p. 57-63.)</p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<p>Declare vnto mee a dayly dyet, whereby I may liue in health, and not +trouble my selfe in Physicke.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">1. Stretch yourself.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_1" id="vaughan_1">(1)</a> I will: first of all +in the morning when you are about to rise vp, stretch your self +strongly: for thereby the animall heate is somewhat forced into the +outward partes, the memorie is quickned, and the bodie strengthened.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">2. Rub yourself.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_2" id="vaughan_2">(2)</a> Secondarily, rub and +chafe your body with the palmes of your hands, or with a course linnen +cloth; the breast, back, and belly, gently: but the armes, thighes, and +legges roughly, till they seem ruddy and warme.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">3. Go to stool.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_3" id="vaughan_3">(3)</a> Euacuate your +selfe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">4. Put on your clothes.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_4" id="vaughan_4">(4)</a> Put on your apparell: +which in the summer time must be for the most part silke, or buffe, made +of buckes skinne, for it resisteth venime and contagious ayres: in +winter your vpper garment must be of cotton or friezeadow.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">5. Comb your head.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_5" id="vaughan_5">(5)</a> When you have +apparelled your selfe hansomely, combe your head softly and easily with +an Iuorie combe: for nothing recreateth the memorie more.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">6. Clean your teeth.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_6" id="vaughan_6">(6)</a> Picke and rub your +teeth: and because I would not haue you to bestow much cost in making +<span class="pagenum">134</span> +<a name="page134" id="page134"> </a> +<!-- png 256 --> +dentrifices for them; I will aduertise you by foure rules of importance +how to keepe your teeth white and vncorruyt (<i>sic</i>), and also to +haue a sweete breath. +<span class="sidenote">(How to keep the teeth sound and the breath +sweet.</span> +First, wash well your mouth when you haue eaten your meat: secondly, +sleepe with your mouth somewhat open. Thirdly, spit out in the morning +that which is gathered together that night in the throate: then take a +linnen cloth, and rub your teeth well within and without, to take away +the fumositie of the meat and the yellownesse of the teeth. For it is +that which putrifieth them and infecteth the breath. But least +peraduenture your teeth become loose and filthy, +<span class="sidenote">Use Vaughan’s Water</span> +I will shew you a water farre better then pouders, which shall +fasten them, scoure the month, make sound the gums, and cause the flesh +to growe againe, if it were fallen away. +<span class="sidenote">made after this recipe.</span> +Take halfe a glasse-full of vineger, and as much of the water of the +mastick tree (if it may easily be gotten) of rosemarie, myrrhe, mastick, +bole Armoniake, Dragons herbe, roche allome, of each of them an ounce; +of fine cinnamon halfe an ounce, and of fountaine water three +glassefulles; mingle all well together and let it boile with a small +fire, adding to it halfe a pound of honie, and taking away the scumme of +it; then put in a little bengwine, and when it hath sodden a quarter of +an houre, take it from the fire, and keepe it in a cleane bottle, and +wash your teeth therewithall as well before meate as after; if you hould +some of it in your mouth a little while, it doth much good to the head, +and sweetneth the breath. +<span class="sidenote">It’s better than 1000 Dentrifices.)</span> +I take this water to be better worth then a thousand of their +dentifrices.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">7. Wash.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_7" id="vaughan_7">(7)</a> Wash your face, eyes, +eares and hands, with fountaine water. I have knowne diuers +students which vsed to bathe their eyes onely in well water twise a day, +whereby they preserued their eyesight free from all passions and +bloudsheds, and sharpened +<span class="pagenum">135</span> +<a name="page135" id="page135"> </a> +<!-- png 257 --> +their memories maruaylously. You may sometimes bathe your eyes in +rosewater, fennell water, or eyebright water, if you please; but I know +for certaintie, that you neede them not as long as you vse good +fountaine water. Moreouer, least you by old age or some other meanes doe +waxe dimme of sight, I will declare vnto you, +<span class="sidenote">The best remedy for dim sight.</span> +the best and safest remedie which I knowe, and this it is: Take of the +distilled waters of verueine, bettonie, and fennell one ounce and a +halfe, then take one ounce of white wine, one drachme of <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘Tntia’">Tutia</ins> (if you may easilie +come by it) two drachmes of sugarcandy, one drachme of Aloes Epatick, +two drachmes of womans milke, and one scruple of Camphire: beat those +into pouder, which are to be beaten, and infuse them together for foure +and twenty houres space, and then straine them, and so vse it when you +list.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">8. Say your Prayers.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_8" id="vaughan_8">(8)</a> When you haue finished +these, say your morning prayers, and desire God to blesse you, to +preserue you from all daungers, and to direct you in all your actions. +For the feare of God (as it is written) is the beginning of wisedome: +and without his protection whatsoeuer you take in hand, shall fall to +ruine. Therefore see that you be mindfull of him, and remember that to +that intent you were borne, to weet, to set foorth his glorie and most +holy name.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">9. Set to work.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_9" id="vaughan_9">(9)</a> Goe about your +businesse circumspectly, and endeauour to banish all cares and +cogitations, which are the onely baits of wickednesse. +<span class="sidenote">Be honest.</span> +Defraud no man of his right: for what measure you giue vnto your +neighbour, that measure shall you receiue. And finally, imprint this +saying deepely in your mind: A man is but a steward of his owne +goods; wherof God one day will demaund an account.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">10. Eat only three meals a day.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_10" id="vaughan_10">(10)</a> Eate three meales a +day vntill you come to the age of fourtie yeares: as, your breakefast, +dinner, and supper; yet, that betweene breakefast and dinner there +<span class="pagenum">136</span> +<a name="page136" id="page136"> </a> +<!-- png 258 --> +be the space of foure houres, and betwixt dinner and supper seauen +houres: the breakfast must be lesse then dinner, and the dinner somewhat +lesse then supper.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Eat light food before heavy.</span> + +<p>In the beginning of meales, eate such meates as will make the belly +soluble, and let grosse meats be the last. Content your selfe with one +kind of meate, for diuersities hurt the body, by reason that meats are +not all of one qualitie: Some are easily digested, others againe are +heauy, and will lie a long time vpon the stomack: also, the eating of +sundrie sorts of meat require often pottes of +<span class="sidenote">Drink hinders digestion.</span> +drinke, which hinder concoction; like as we see often putting of water +into the meat-potte to hinder it from seething. Our stomack is our +bodies kitchin, which being distempered, how can we liue in temperate +order: drinke not aboue foure times, and that moderately, at each meale: +least the belly-God hale you at length captiue into his prison house of +gurmandise, where you shall be afflicted with as many diseases as you +haue deuoured dishes of sundry sorts. +<span class="sidenote">Use silver cups.</span> +The cups whereof you drinke, should be of siluer, or siluer and +gilt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">11. Don’t work directly after meals, but +talk,</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_11" id="vaughan_11">(11)</a> Labour not either +your mind or body presently after meales: rather sit a while and +discourse of some pleasant matters: when you haue ended your +confabulations, +<span class="sidenote">wash,</span> +wash your face and mouth with cold waters, then go to your chamber, +<span class="sidenote">and clean your teeth.</span> +and make cleane your teeth with your tooth-picker, which should be +either of iuorie, silver, or gold. Watch not too long after supper, but +depart within two hours to bed. But if necessitie compell you to watch +longer then ordinary, then be sure to augment your sleepe the next +morning; that you may recompence nature, which otherwise through your +watching would not a little be impaired.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">12. Undress by the fire in winter.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_12" id="vaughan_12">(12)</a> Put of your clothes +in winter by the fire side: and cause your bed to bee heated with a +warming panne: +<span class="pagenum">137</span> +<a name="page137" id="page137"> </a> +<!-- png 259 --> +vnless your pretence bee to harden your members, and to apply your selfe +vnto militarie discipline. This outward heating doth wonderfully comfort +the inward heat, it helpeth concoction, and consumeth moisture.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">13. Before bed, chew Mastic, and</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_13" id="vaughan_13">(13)</a> Remember before you +rest, to chew down two or three drachmes of mastick: for it will +preserue your body from bad humours.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">14. Pray to God.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_14" id="vaughan_14">(14)</a> Pray feruently to +God, before you sleepe, to inspire you with his grace, to defend you +from all perils and subtelties of wicked fiends, and to prosper you in +all your affaires: and then lay aside your cares and businesse, as well +publicke as priuate: for that night, in so doing, you shall slepe more +quietly. Make water at least once, and cast it out: but in the morning +<span class="sidenote">Look at your water in a Urinal.</span> +make water in an vrinal: that by looking on it, you may ghesse some what +of the state of your body. Sleep first on your right side with your +mouth open, +<span class="sidenote">Have a hole in your nightcap.</span> +and let your night cappe haue a hole in the top, through which the +vapour may goe out.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">15. Against rheums, eat white pepper.</span> + +<p><a name="vaughan_15" id="vaughan_15">(15)</a> In the morning +remember your affayres, and if you be troubled with rheumes, as soone as +you haue risen, vse diatrion piperion, or eate white pepper now and +then, and you shall be holpen.</p> + +<h5>FINIS.</h5> + +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">138</span> +<a name="page138" id="page138"> </a> +<!-- png 260 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="harington_dyet" id="harington_dyet"> +<img src="images/page138header1.png" width="246" height="32" +alt="The Dyet for every Day." +title="The Dyet for every Day."></a> +</p> + +<p class="center smallroman">(FROM</p> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/page138header2.png" width="346" height="23" +alt="Sir John Harington’s ‘Schoole of Salerne,’" +title="Sir John Harington’s ‘Schoole of Salerne,’"> +</p> + +<p class="center smallcaps">2nd part.</p> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/page138header3.png" width="363" height="40" +alt="The Preservation of Health, or a Dyet for the Healthfull Man, 1624, p. 358.)" +title="The Preservation of Health, or a Dyet for the Healthfull Man, 1624, p. 358.)"> +</p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<p class="space">. . first I will begin with the dyet for every +day.</p> + +<p><a name="harington_arise" id="harington_arise">In the +beginning</a> when you arise from the bed, +<span class="sidenote">Stretch your limbs,</span> +extend forth all your members, for by this meanes the <i>animal</i> +spirits are drawne to the outward members, the +<span class="sidenote page">[* Page 36.]</span> +*braine is made subtill, & the body strengthened. +<span class="sidenote">rub your body</span> +Then rub the whole body somewhat with the palmes, the brest, back and +belly gently, but the armes and legs with the hands, either with warm +linnen: +<span class="sidenote">and head;</span> +next, the head is to be scrubbed fro<i>m</i> the forepart to the +hinderpart very lightly. After you are risen, I will that you +<span class="sidenote">protect yourself from cold;</span> +defend with all care and diligence your head, necke, and feet, from all +cold in the morning; for there is no doubt, but in the morning and +euening the cold doth offend more, then it doth about noone tide, by +reason of the weaknes of the Sun-beames. +<span class="sidenote">dress, washing in Summer,</span> +Put on your clothes neat and cleane: in the Summer season, first wash +with cleane pure water, before described; +<span class="sidenote">warming yourself in Winter.</span> +but in the Winter season sit somewhat by the fire, not made with turfe +or stinking coale, but with oake or other wood that burneth cleare, for +our bodies are somewhat affected with our clothes, and as strength is +increased by the +<span class="pagenum">139</span> +<a name="page139" id="page139"> </a> +<!-- png 261 --> +vse of meat and drinke, and our life defended and preserued; and so our +garments doe conserue the heat of our hodies, and doe driue away colds: +so that as diet and apparel may seeme alike, so in either of them a like +diligence is to be preferred.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Page 37.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote">In Summer wear deer’s and calves’ skins,</span> + +<p><a name="harington_summer" id="harington_summer">In the +Summer-time</a> I chiefly commend garments of Harts-skinnes, and +Calues-skins, for the Hart is a creature of long life, and resisteth +poyson and Serpents; therefore I my selfe vse garments of the like sort +for the winter season, also neuerthelesse lined with good linnen. Next I +doe iudge it not to bee much amisse to vse garments of Silke or Bombace, +or of purple: +<span class="sidenote">in Winter, wolf and fox skins.</span> +also of Martyn or Wolfe-skinnes, or made of Fox skinnes, I suppose +to be good for the winter; notwithstanding in the time of Pestilence, +apparell of Silke and skinnes is condemned, because it doth easily admit +and receiue the contagious ayre, and doth retain it long. After the body +is well clothed, +<span class="sidenote">Comb your head 40 times,</span> +kembe your head wel with an Iuory comb, from the forehead to the +backe-part, drawing the comb some forty times at the least; +<span class="sidenote">wash your face,</span> +then wash all the instruments of the sences, as the eies, the ears, the +nostrils, the mouth, the tongue, the teeth, and all the face with cold +water; and the eyes are not only to be washed, but being open plainly, +immerg’d: +<span class="sidenote">clean your eyelids,</span> +and the gumme and foulnes of the eie-lids that do there stick, to +remoue; somtimes also to besprinkle the water with Rose-water or +Fenel-water, +<span class="sidenote">rub your neck well.</span> +also rubb the neck well with +<span class="sidenote page">[* Page 38.]</span> +*a linnen napking somewhat course, for these things doe confirme the +whole body; it maketh the mind more cheerefull, and conserueth the +sight. In this place it pleaseth me to adioyne some Dentifrices or +clensers of teeth, waters not only to make the teeth white, but also to +conserue them, with some medicines also to conserue the +sight. . . . .</p> + +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">140</span> +<a name="page140" id="page140"> </a> +<!-- png 262 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="harington_sleep" id="harington_sleep"> +<img src="images/page140header1.png" width="374" height="34" +alt="On Rising, Diet, and Going to Bed." +title="On Rising, Diet, and Going to Bed."></a> +</p> + +<p class="center smallroman">(FROM</p> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/page138header2.png" width="346" height="23" +alt="Sir John Harington’s ‘Schoole of Salerne,’" +title="Sir John Harington’s ‘Schoole of Salerne,’"> +</p> + +<p class="center smallcaps">2nd part.</p> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/page138header3.png" width="363" height="40" +alt="The Preservation of Health, or a Dyet for the Healthfull Man, 1624, p. 358.)" +title="The Preservation of Health, or a Dyet for the Healthfull Man, 1624, p. 358.)"> +</p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<p>Also to prosecute our former purpose, +<span class="sidenote">On rising, empty your bladder and belly, nose +and lungs.</span> +when you arise in the morning, to auoyd all superfluities, as well by +vrine as by the belly, which doe at the least euery day. Auoid also from +the nostrils and the lungs all filthy matter, as wel by clensing, as by +spittle, and +<span class="sidenote">Cleanse your whole body.</span> +clense the face, head, and whole body; & loue you to be cleane and +wel apparelled, for from our cradles let vs abhor vncleannes, which +neither nature or reason can endure. Whe<i>n</i> you haue done these +things, +<span class="sidenote">Say your Prayers.</span> +remember to powre foorth your prayers vnto God with a cleare voice, that +the day may be happy and prosperous vnto you, that God may direct your +actions to the glory of his name, the profit of your country, & the +conseruation of your bodies. +<span class="sidenote">Walk gently,</span> +Then walke ye gently, and what excrements soeuer do slip down to the +inferiour parts, being excited by +<span class="sidenote page">[* Page 42.]</span> +*naturall heate, +<span class="sidenote">go to stool.</span> +the excretion thereof shall the better succeed.</p> + +<p><a name="harington_business" id="harington_business">As for your +businesses</a>, whether they be publike or priuate, let them be done +with a certaine honesty; then afterwards let your hunting iourneyes bee +performed; +<span class="sidenote">Work in the forenoon.</span> +apply your selues to studie and serious businesse the +<span class="pagenum">141</span> +<a name="page141" id="page141"> </a> +<!-- png 263 --> +houres of the fore-noone, and so likewise in the after-noone, till <ins +class="mycorr" title="spacing in original">twoor</ins> three houres +before supper: +<span class="sidenote">Always wear a precious stone</span> +alwaies in your hands vse eyther Corall or yellow Amber, or a +Chalcedonium, or a sweet Pommander, or some like precious stone to be +worne +<span class="sidenote">in a ring;</span> +in a ring vpon the little finger of the left hand: haue in your rings +eyther a Smaragd, a Saphire, or a Draconites, which you shall beare +for an ornament: for in stones, as also in hearbes, there is great +efficacie and vertue, but they are not altogether perceived by vs: +<span class="sidenote">hold a crystal in your mouth;</span> +hold sometime in your mouth eyther a Hyacinth, or a Crystall, or a +Granat, or pure Gold, or Siluer, or else sometimes pure Sugar-candy. For +<i>Aristotle</i> doth affirme, and so doth Albertus Magnus, that a +Smaragd worne about the necke, is good against the Falling-sicknes: +<span class="sidenote">for the virtue of precious stones is +great.</span> +for surely the vertue of an hearbe is great, but much more the vertue of +a precious +<span class="sidenote page">[* Page 43.]</span> +*stone, which is very likely that they are endued with occult and hidden +vertues. +<span class="sidenote">Eat only twice a day.</span> +<a name="harington_mealtime" id="harington_mealtime">Feede onely +twice a day</a>, when yee are at mans age: neuerthelesse to those that +are subiect to choller, it is lawfull to feede often: beginne alwayes +your dinner and supper with the more liquid meates, sometimes with +drinkes. +<span class="sidenote">Don’t drink between dinner and supper.</span> +In the time betweene dinner and supper, abstain altogether from cups, +vnlesse necessitie or custome doe require the same: notwithstanding the +same custome being so vitious, must be by little and little changed.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">Don’t have one fixed hour for your +meals.</span> +<p>I would not that you should obserue a certaine houre, either for +dinners or suppers, as I haue sufficiently told you before, lest that +daily custome should be altered into nature: and after this intermission +of this custome of nature, hurt may follow; for custome doth imitate +nature, and that which is accustomable, the very same thing is now +become naturall.</p> + +<p>Take your meate in the hotte time of Summer in cold places, +<span class="sidenote">In Winter eat in</span> +but in the Winter let there bee a bright +<span class="pagenum">142</span> +<a name="page142" id="page142"> </a> +<!-- png 264 --> +fire, +<span class="sidenote">hot well-aired places.</span> +and take it in hotte places, your parlors or Chambers being first purged +and ayred with suffumigations, which I would not haue you to +<span class="sidenote page">[* Page 44.]</span> +*enter before the suffumigation bee plainely extinct, lest you draw the +fume by reason of the odour.</p> + +<p><a name="harington_order" id="harington_order">And seeing one and +the same order</a> of diet doth not promiscuously agree with all men, +take your meate in order, as is before said, and sometimes also +<span class="sidenote">Fast for a day now and then.</span> +intermit the vse of meats for a whole day together, because through +hunger, the faults of the stomacke which haue beene taken eyther by much +drinking or surfetting, or by any other meanes, may be depelled and +remoued.</p> + +<p>By this meanes also your bodies shall be better accustomed to endure +and suffer hunger and fasting, eyther in iourneyes or wars. +<span class="sidenote">Eat more at supper than dinner.</span> +Let your suppers bee more larger then your dinners, vnlesse nightly +diseases or some distilations doe afflict you.</p> + +<span class="sidenote">After meals, wash your face, and clean your +teeth,</span> + +<p><a name="harington_after" id="harington_after">After meat +taken</a>, neither labour in body nor mind must be vsed, and wash the +face and mouth with cold water, clense the teeth either with Iuory, or a +Harts horne, or some picker of pure siluer or gold.</p> + +<p>After your banquets, passe an houre or two in +<span class="sidenote">chat and walk soberly.</span> +pleasant talkes, or walke yee very gently and soberly, +<span class="sidenote">Don’t sit up late.</span> +neither vse much watchings long in the night, but the space of two +howres goe to your bed; but if honest +<span class="sidenote page">[* Page 45.]</span> +*businesse doe require you to watch, then sleepe afterwards so much the +longer, that your sleepe may well recompence your former watchings. +<span class="sidenote">Before bed,</span> +Before that you go to your bed, +<span class="sidenote">rub your body gently.</span> +gently smooth down your head, armes, and shoulders, the back and all the +body, with a gentle and soft rubbing, vnlesse you meane to do it in the +morning to mooue distribution, whose time is best to be done in the +morning. +<span class="sidenote">Undress by a fire in Winter,</span> +In the Winter, sitting by the fire, put off your garments, and dry your +feet by the fire, neuerthelesse auoyd the heat and the smoke, because it +is very hurtfull both to the lungs, and the eyes.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">143</span> +<a name="page143" id="page143"> </a> +<!-- png 265 --> +<span class="sidenote">and warm your garments well.</span> + +<p><a name="harington_winter" id="harington_winter">In the Winter +time</a>, warme well your garments at the fire, and warm the linings of +the same, for it helpeth concoction, and remoueth all humidity and +moysture. But my father did not allow of this custome, warning men of +strength, and those that are borne for the Common-wealth, not to +accustom themselves to such kind of softnesse, which doe weaken our +bodies. Also +<span class="sidenote">Put off your cares with your clothes,</span> +when you put off your garments to go to bed, then put away all your +cogitations, & lay them aside, whether they be publike or priuate, +for when all your +<span class="sidenote page">[* Page 46.]</span> +*members be free from all cares, you shall then sleep the quieter, +concoction and the other naturall actions shall best be performed. +<span class="sidenote">and take them up again in the morning.</span> +But in the morning when you rise againe, resume to your selues your +former dayes thoughts and cares; for this precept my Father had often in +his mouth, therfore I deliuer it vnto you as the more worthy of your +obseruation.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div prose --> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<a name="page144" id="page144"> </a> +<!-- png 266 --> + +</div> <!-- end div maintext --> + +<hr> +<hr> + +<span class="pagenum">147</span> +<a name="page147" id="page147"> </a> +<!-- png 269 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/page147header.png" width="380" height="49" +alt="The Boke of Keruynge." +title="The Boke of Keruynge."> +</p> + +<p> </p> + +<span class="pagenum">148</span> +<a name="page148" id="page148"> </a> +<!-- png 270 --> + +<div class="contents"> + +<h4><a name="keruyng_contents" id="keruyng_contents"> +Contents</a></h4> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#main_contents">Full Table of Contents</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#eets_general">Preface</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#nurturepic">Boke of Nurture</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr class="space"> +<td> +<p><a href="#recipes_fritters"><b>Recipes (for Fritters, Jussell, and +Mawmeny)</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page145">145</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#recipes_hares"><b>Recipes (for Hares and Conies in +Civeye, and for Doucettes)</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page146">146</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#boke_keruynge"><b>The Boke of Keruynge</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page147">147</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#boke_curtasye"><b>The Boke of Curtasye</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page175">175</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#curtasye_notes"> +<b>Notes to <i>The Boke of Curtasye</i></b></a> (<i>relocated</i>)</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page283">283</a></td> +</tr> +<tr class="space"> +<td> +<p><a href="#demeanor"><b>The Boke of Demeanor</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page207">207</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#grossetest"><b>Bp. Grossetest’s Household +Statutes.</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page215">215</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#counsel"><b>Stanzas and Couplets of Counsel.</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page219">219</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#vertue"><b>The Schoole of Vertue</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page221">221</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#avyse"><b>Avyse Thee Welle</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page244">244</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#dogg_sowe"><b>A Dogg Lardyner, & a Sowe +Gardyner.</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page246">246</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#maxims"><b>Maxims in -ly.</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page247">247</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#ascham"><b>Roger Ascham’s Advice</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page248">248</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#babees"><b>The Babees Book</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page250">250</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#lerne"><b>Lerne or be Lewde</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page258a">258</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#abc"><b>The ABC of Aristotle</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page260">260</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#urban"><b>Urbanitatis</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page262">262</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#boris"><b>The Boris hede furst</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page264a">264*</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#children_left"><b>The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil Boke or +Edyllys be.</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page265">265</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#children_right"><b>The Young Children’s Book.</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page266">266</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#stans_left"><b>Stans Puer ad Mensam</b> (MS +Harl.)</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page275">275</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#stans_right"><b>Stans Puer ad Mensam</b> (Lambeth +MS)</a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page276">276</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<p><a href="#stans_both"><b>Stans Puer ad Mensam</b></a> (<i>parallel +versions</i>)</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="space"> +<td> +<p><a href="#index_poems">General Index</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#sidenotes">Collected Sidenotes</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +</div> + +<hr> + +<div class="maintext"> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">145</span> +<a name="page145" id="page145"> </a> +<!-- png 267 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="recipes_fritters" id="recipes_fritters"> +<img src="images/page145header.png" width="58" height="23" +alt="Recipes." title="Recipes."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>From Harleian MS.</i> 5401, <i>ab.</i> 1480-1500 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>]</p> + +<h5><span class="smallroman">FRUTURS.</span> (page 194 or fol. 69 +b.)</h5> + +<p>R<i>ecipe</i> <a class="tag" name="recipes_tag_1" id="recipes_tag_1" href="#recipes_note_1">1</a> þe cromys of whyte brede, +& swete apyls, & ȝokk<i>is</i> of egg<i>is</i>, & bray +þa<i>m</i> wele, & temp<i>er</i> it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wyne, & +make it to sethe; & when it is thyk, do þ<i>er</i>-to gode spyces, +gyng<i>er</i> & gali<i>n</i>gay & canyll & clows, & +s<i>erve</i> it forth<i>e</i>. (See also <i>Liber Cure Cocorum</i>, +p. 39-40.)</p> + +<h5><span class="smallroman">FRUTURS OF FYGIS.</span> (p. 197 or +fol. 98.)</h5> + +<p>R<i>ecipe</i> & make bature of flour<i>e</i>, ale, pep<i>er</i> +& saferon, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> oþ<i>er</i> spices; þan cast +þa<i>m</i><a class="tag" name="recipes_tag_2" id="recipes_tag_2" +href="#recipes_note_2">2</a> in to a frying pann w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +bat<i>ur</i>, & ole, & bake þa<i>m</i> & s<i>erve</i>. (See +another recipe in <i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 450, under the +head “Turtelettys of Fruture.”)</p> + +<h5><span class="smallroman">IUSSELL.</span> (p. 198 or fol. 98 +b.)</h5> + +<p>R<i>ecipe</i> brede gratyd, & egg<i>is</i>; & swyng +þa<i>m</i> to-gyder<i>e</i>, & do þ<i>er</i>to sawge, & saferon, +& salt; þan take gode broth<i>e</i>, & cast it þ<i>er</i>-to, +& bole it enforesayd, & do þ<i>er</i>-to as to charlete &c. +(See also <i>Liber Cure Cocorum</i>, p. 11; Jussel of Flesh, +<i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 462; Jussel enforsed, p. 463; +Jussel of Fysshe, p. 469.)</p> + +<h5><span class="smallroman">MAWMENY.</span> (p. 201 or fol. +100.)</h5> + +<p>R<i>ecipe</i> brawne of Capons or of he<i>n</i>nys, & dry +þa<i>m</i> wele, & towse þa<i>m</i> small<i>e</i>; þan take thyk +mylk of almonds, & put þe saide brawñ þ<i>er</i>-to, & styr it +wele ou<i>er</i> þe fyre, & seson it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +sug<i>er</i>, & powd<i>er</i> of Canell<i>e</i>, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +mase, quibibs, & anneys in co<i>n</i>fete, & s<i>erve</i> it +forth<i>e</i>. (See also the recipe “For to make momene” in <i>Liber +Cure Cocorum</i>, p. 26; for “Mawmene for xl. Mees” in <i>Household +Ordinances</i>, p. 455; and “Mawmene to Potage,” p. 430.)</p> + +<h5><span class="smallroman">FRETOURE.</span> (<i>Harl. MS.</i> +276.)</h5> + +<p class="floathead"><b>Vyaunde leche.</b><br> +L.iiii.</p> + +<p><b>Fretoure</b> Take whete Floure, Ale, Ȝest, Safroun, & Salt, +& bete alle to-gederys as þikke as þ<i>o</i>u schuldyst make +oþ<i>er</i> bature in fleyssche tyme, & þan take fayre Applys, & +kut hem in maner of Fretourys, & wete hem in þe bature vp on downe, +& frye hem in fayre Oyle, & caste hem in a dyssche, & caste +Sugr<i>e</i> þer-on, & serue forth. [The recipe for “Tansye” is No. +l.vi.]</p> + +</div> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">146</span> +<a name="page146" id="page146"> </a> +<!-- png 268 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="recipes_hares" id="recipes_hares"> +<img src="images/page145header.png" width="58" height="23" +alt="Recipes." title="Recipes."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>From Harl. MS.</i> 279, <i>ab.</i> 1430-40 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> <i>A pretty MS. that ought to be +printed.</i>]</p> + +<p class="floathead"><b>Potage dyuers .lxiij.</b><br> +(fol. 15 a.)</p> + +<p><b>Harys in cyueye.</b> Take Harys, & Fle hem, & make hem +clene, an hacke hem in gobettys, & sethe hem in Watere & Salt a +lytylle; þan take Pepyr, an Safroun, an Brede, y-grounde y-fere, & +temper it wyth Ale. þan take Oynonys & Percely y-mynced smal +to-gederys, & sethe hem be hem self, & afterward take & do +þer-to a porcyon of vynegre, & dresse in. (See also the recipe for +“Harus in Cyue” in <i>Liber Cure Cocorum</i>, p. 21, & that for +“Conyngus in cyue” p. 20. <i>Chive</i> is a kind of small +onion.)</p> + +<p class="floathead"><b>.lxxiii.</b><br> +(fol. 16 a.)</p> + +<p><b>Conyngys in cyveye.</b> Take Conyngys, an fle hem & seþe hem, +& make lyke þou woldyst make a sewe, saue alle to-choppe hem, & +caste Safroun & lyer þer-to, & Wyne. (See also “Conyngus in +cyue” in <i>L. C. C.</i>, p. 20; and “Conynges in Cyue” +in <i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 434.)</p> + +<p class="floathead"><b>xv.</b><br> +(fol. 39 b.)<br> +[1 fol. 40.]</p> + +<p><b>Doucettes.</b> Take Creme a gode cupfulle, & put it on a +straynoure, þanne take ȝolkys of Eyroun, & put þer-to, & a lytel +mylke; þen strayne it þrow a straynoure in-to a bolle; þen take Sugre +y-now, & put þer-to, or ellys hony for defaute<sup>1</sup> of Sugre; +þan coloure it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> Safroun; þan take þin cofyns, & +put it in þe ovynne lere, & lat hem ben hardyd; þan take a <ins +class="mycorr" title="text unchanged">dyssshe</ins> y-fastenyd on þe +pelys ende, & pore þin comade in-to þe dyssche, & fro þe dyssche +in-to þe cofyns; & whan þey don a-ryse Wel, teke hem out, & +serue hem forth.</p> + +<p class="floathead"><b>xxxvij.</b><br> +(fol. 43 b.)</p> + +<p><b>Doucettes.</b> Take Porke & hakke it smal, & Eyroun +y-mellyd to-gederys, & a lytel Milke, & melle hem to-gederys +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> Hony & Pepir, & bake hem in a cofyn, & +serue forth.</p> + +<p class="floathead"><b>xxxviij.</b></p> + +<p><b>Doucettes a-forcyd.</b> Take Almaunde Milke & ȝolkys of Eyroun +y-mellid to-gederys, Safroun, Salt, & Hony: dry þin cofyn, & ley +þin Maribonys þer-on, & s<i>erue</i> f<i>orth</i>.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="recipes_note_1" id="recipes_note_1" href="#recipes_tag_1">1.</a> +The þ is always y in Harl. 5401.</p> + +<p><a name="recipes_note_2" id="recipes_note_2" href="#recipes_tag_2">2.</a> +that is, the figs.</p> +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection deworde"> + +<span class="pagenum">149</span> +<a name="page149" id="page149"> </a> +<!-- png 271 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="boke_keruynge" id="boke_keruynge"> +<img src="images/page149header.png" width="406" height="128" +alt="The Boke of Keruynge." +title="The Boke of Keruynge."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[that is to say,</p> + +<p class="center"> +The boke of Seruyce & Keruynge and Sewynge<br> +& all Maner of Offyce in his kynde<br> +vnto a Prynce or ony other Estate,<br> +& all the Feestes in the yere.]</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p class="subhead"> +Enprynted by Wynkyn de Worde at London in<br> +Flete Strete at the sygne of the Sonne. The<br> +yere of our Lorde God. M<ins class="mycorr" +title="text unchanged">.CCCC.</ins>xiij.<br> +[and now reprinted,<br> +1867.]</p> + +<hr class="mid"> + +<span class="pagenum">150</span> +<a name="page150" id="page150"> </a> +<!-- png 272 --> + +<h4><a name="contents_keruyng" id="contents_keruyng"> +CONTENTS.</a></h4> + +<p class="center"> +(<i>From the Headings in the Text, &c.</i>)</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td class="number" colspan="2">PAGE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_terms">Termes of a Keruer</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page151">151</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_butler">Butler and Panter (Yoman of the +Seller and Ewery)</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page152">152</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_wines">The Names of Wynes</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page153">153</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_ypocras">For to make Ypocras</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page153">153</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_cloth">To laye the Clothe</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page154">154</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_bread">To wrappe your Soueraynes Brede +stately</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page155">155</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_surnape">Of the Surnape</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page155">155</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_sew_table">Sewynge of Flesshe, & Seruyce +(Succession of Dishes)</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page156">156</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh">The Keruynge of Flesshe, & +Seruyce (How to carve)</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page157">157</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_sauce_fowl">Sauces for all maner of +Fowles</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page159">159</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_feast_easter">Feestes and Seruyce from Eester +vnto Whytsondaye</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page160">160</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">Keruyng of all maner of +Fowles</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page161">161</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">Of the First & Second +Courses, & the Sauces for them</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page163">163</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn">Feestes and Seruyce from the +feest of Saynt Iohn the Baptist vnto Myghelmasse</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page164">164</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">Feestes and Seruyce from the +feest of Saynt Myghell vnto the feest of Chrystynmasse</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page164">164</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_skin">Of the skin & wholesomeness of +certain Birds</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page165">165</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">Sewynge of Fysshe</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page166">166</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">Keruynge of Fysshe</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page166">166</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">Sauces for all maner of +Fysshe</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page168">168</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_chamber">The Chaumberlayne</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page168">168</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_marshal">Of the Marshall and the +Vssher</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page170">170</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p><a href="#keruyng_notes">Notes</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page173">173</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr class="mid"> + +<span class="pagenum">151</span> +<a name="page151" id="page151"> </a> +<!-- png 273 --> + +<div class="prose"> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> 1.]</span> +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="keruyng_title" id="keruyng_title"> +<img src="images/page151header.png" width="226" height="32" +alt="The Boke of Keruynge." title="The Boke of Keruynge."> +</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> 1 <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>The Book of Carving and Arranging; and the Dishes for all the Feasts +in the year.</i></span> +<p>¶ Here begynneth the boke of keruynge and sewynge / and all the +feestes in the yere, for the seruyce of a prynce or ony other estate, as +ye shall fy<i>n</i>de eche offyce, the seruyce accordynge, in the boke +folowynge.</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> + +<a name="keruyng_terms" id="keruyng_terms"> </a> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Terms of a Carver:</span> +<p>¶ Termes of a Keruer.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">B</span>reke that dere</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Slice brawn,</span> +<p>lesche y<sup>t</sup> brawne</p> +<p>rere that goose</p> +<p>lyft that swanne</p> +<p>sauce that capon</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +spoil a hen,</span> +<p>spoyle that henne</p> +<p>frusshe that chekyn</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +unbrace a mallard,</span> +<p>vnbrace that malarde</p> +<p>vnlace that cony</p> +<p>dysmembre that heron</p> +<p>dysplaye that crane</p> +<p>dysfygure that pecocke</p> +<p>vnioynt that bytture</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +untache a curlew,</span> +<p>vntache that curlewe</p> +<p>alaye that fesande</p> +<p>wynge that partryche</p> +<p>wynge that quayle</p> +<p>mynce that plouer</p> +<p>thye that pegyon</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +border a pasty,</span> +<p>border that pasty</p> +<p>thye that wodcocke</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +thigh small birds.</span> +<p>thye all maner of small byrdes</p> +<p>tymbre that fyre</p> +<p>tyere that egge</p> +<p>chyne that samon</p> +<p>strynge that lampraye</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +splat a pike,</span> +<p>splatte that pyke</p> +<p>sauce that playce</p> +<p>sauce that tenche</p> +<p>splaye that breme</p> +<p>syde that haddocke</p> +<p>tuske that barbell</p> +<p>culpon that troute</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +fin a chub,</span> +<p>fynne that cheuen</p> +<p>transsene that ele</p> +<p>traunche that sturgyon</p> +<p>vndertraunche y<sup>t</sup> purpos</p> +<p>tayme that crabbe</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +barb a lobster,</span> +<p>barbe that lopster</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Here hendeth the goodly termes.</p> +</div> + +<div class="prose"> + +<span class="headnote"> +THE BUTLER AND PANTER’S DUTIES.</span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_butler" id="keruyng_butler"> +¶ Here begynneth Butler and Panter.</a></h5> + +<span class="pagenum">152</span> +<a name="page152" id="page152"> </a> +<!-- png 274 --> + +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>hou shalte be Butler and Panter all +the fyrst yere / +<span class="sidenote"> +The Butler has 3 knives:</span> +and ye muste haue thre pantry knyues / +<span class="sidenote"> +1. a squarer, 2. a chipper, 3. a smoother.</span> +one knyfe to square tre<i>n</i>choure loues / an other to be a +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> ii.]</span> +*chyppere / the thyrde shall be sharpe to make smothe tre<i>n</i>choures +/ than chyppe your soueraynes brede hote, and all other brede let it be +a daye olde / housholde brede thre dayes olde / +<span class="sidenote"> +Trencher-bread must be 4 days old;</span> +trenchour brede foure dayes olde / than loke your salte by whyte and +drye / +<span class="sidenote"> +the Salt-Planer of ivory;</span> +the planer made of Iuory, two inches brode & thre inches longe / +& loke that youre salte seller lydde touche not the salte / +<span class="sidenote"> +table cloths kept in a chest, or hung on a perch.</span> +tha<i>n</i> loke your table clothes, towelles, and napkyns, be fayre +folden in a cheste or ha<i>n</i>ged vpon a perche / than loke your table +knyues be fayre pullysshed, & your spones clene / +<span class="sidenote"> +To broach a Pipe, have 2 augers,</span> +than loke ye haue two tarryours, a more & a lesse, & wyne +cannelles of boxe made accordynge / +<span class="sidenote"> +funnels, and tubes, and pierce the Pipe 4 inches from the bottom.</span> +a sharpe gymlot & faucettes. And whan ye sette a pype on broche, do +thus / set it foure fynger brede aboue y<sup>e</sup> nether chyme +vpwardes aslaunte / and than shall y<sup>e</sup> lyes neuer a-ryse. +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>seasons</i>] <i>Orig.</i> seasous</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Always have ready fruits</span> +<a name="keruyng_fruit" id="keruyng_fruit">Also loke ye haue</a> in +all <span class="texttag">seasons</span> butter, chese, apples, peres, +nottes, plommes, grapes, dates, fygges & raysyns, compost, grene +gynger and chardequynce. Serue fastynge butter, plommes, damesons, +cheryes, and grapes, after mete, peres, nottes, strawberyes, +hurtelberyes, +<span class="sidenote"> +and hard cheese.</span> +& hard chese. Also brandrels or pepyns with carawey in confetes. +After souper, rost apples & peres, with blaunche poudre, & harde +chese / +<span class="sidenote"> +Beware of cow cream.</span> +be ware of cowe creme, & of good strawberyes, hurtelberyes, Iouncat, +for these wyll make your souerayne seke but he ete harde chese / +<span class="sidenote"> +Hard cheese is aperient, and</span> +harde chese hath these operacyo<i>n</i>s / it wyll kepe y<sup>e</sup> +stomacke open / butt<i>er</i> is holsome fyrst & last, +<span class="sidenote"> +keeps off poison.</span> +for it wyll do awaye all poyso<i>ns</i> / +<span class="sidenote"> +Milk and Junket</span> +mylke, creme, & Iouncat, +<span class="sidenote"> +close the Maw.</span> +they wyll close the mawe, & so dooth a posset / therfore ete harde +chese, & drynke romney modo<i>n</i> / beware of grene sallettes +& rawe fruytes, for they wyll make your sourayne seke / +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> ii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +therfore set no mo-*che +<span class="sidenote"> +For food that sets your teeth on edge, eat an almond and hard +cheese.</span> +by suche metes +<span class="pagenum">153</span> +<a name="page153" id="page153"> </a> +<!-- png 275 --> +as wyll set your tethe on edge; therfore ete an almonde & harde +chese / but ete non moche chese without romney modon. Also yf dyuers +dry<i>n</i>kes, yf theyr fumosytees haue dyspleased your souerayne, +<span class="sidenote"> +A raw apple will cure indigestion.</span> +let hy<i>m</i> ete a rawe apple, and y<sup>e</sup> fumosytees wyll +cease: mesure is a mery mene & it be well vsed / abstyne<i>n</i>ce +is to be praysed wha<i>n</i> god therwith is pleased. +<span class="sidenote"> +See every night that your wines don’t boil over or leak.</span> +Also take good hede of your wynes euery nyght with a candell, bothe rede +wyne and swete wyne, & loke they reboyle nor leke not / & wasshe +y<sup>e</sup> pype hedes euery nyght w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +colde water / & loke ye haue a chynchynge yron, addes, and lynen +clothes, yf nede be / +<span class="sidenote"> +You’ll know their fermenting by their hissing.</span> +& yf the[y] reboyle, ye shall knowe by the hyssynge / therfore kepe +an empty pype with y<sup>e</sup> lyes of coloured rose, & drawe the +reboyled wyne to y<sup>e</sup> lyes, & it shal helpe it. Also yf +your swete wyne pale, drawe it in to a romney vessell for lessynge.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Names of Wines</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_wines" id="keruyng_wines"> +¶ Here foloweth the names of wynes.</a></h5> + +<p>¶ Reed wyne / whyte wyne / clared wyne / osey / capryke / +<span class="sidenote"> +Campolet, Rhenish, &c</span> +<a name="keruyng_tag_campolet" id="keruyng_tag_campolet" href="#keruyng_note_campolet">ca<i>m</i>polet</a> / renysshe wyne / maluesey +/ bastarde / tyer, romney / muscadell / clarrey / raspys / vernage / +vernage wyne cut / pymente and ypocras.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +FOR TO MAKE YPOCRAS, AND LAYE THE CLOTH.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>To make Ypocras.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_ypocras" id="keruyng_ypocras"> +For to make ypocras.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Take spices; put 6 bags on a perch,</span> +<p>¶ Take gy<i>n</i>ger / peper / graynes / canell / synamon / +suger and tornsole / than loke ye haue fyue or syxe bagges for your +ypocras to renne in, & a perche that your renners may ren on / +<span class="sidenote"> +6 pewter basins under,</span> +than muste ye haue .vi. peautre basyns to stande vnder your bagges / +than loke your spyce be redy / +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> iii.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +ginger and cinnamon.</span> +& your gynger well pared or it be beten* to poudre / than loke your +stalkes of synamon be well coloured; +<span class="sidenote"> +(Of the qualities of spices.)</span> +& swete canell is not so gentyll in operacyon; synamon is hote and +drye / graynes of +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>paradico</i>] <i>sic</i>: o <i>for</i> e</span> +<span class="texttag">paradico</span> be<i>n</i> hote and moyste / +gynger / graynes / longe peper / and suger, ben hote and moyst / +synamo<i>n</i> / +<span class="pagenum">154</span> +<a name="page154" id="page154"> </a> +<!-- png 276 --> +canell, & rede wyne, ben hote and drye / tornsole is holsome / for +reed wyne colourynge. Now knowe ye the proporcyons of your ypocras / +<span class="sidenote"> +Pound each spice separately, put ’em in bladders, and</span> +than bete your poudres eche by themselfe, & put them in bladders, +<span class="sidenote"> +hang ’em in your bags,</span> +& hange your bagges sure, that no bage touche other / but let eche +basyn touche other; +<span class="sidenote"> +add a gallon of red wine to ’em,</span> +let the fyrste basyn be of a galon, and eche of the other of a potell / +than put in your basyn a galo<i>n</i> of reed wyne, put thereto your +poudres, +<span class="sidenote"> +stir it well, run it through two bags,</span> +and styre them well / than put them in to the fyrste bagge, and let it +renne / than put them in to the seconde bagge / than take a pece in your +hande, and +<span class="sidenote"> +taste it,</span> +assaye yf it be stronge of gynger / and alaye it with synamon / and it +be stro[<i>n</i>]ge of synamon / alaye it with suger / +<span class="sidenote"> +pass it through 6 runners, and put it in a close vessel.</span> +and loke ye lette it renne thrughe syxe renners / & your ypocras +shall be the fyner / than put your ypocras in to a close vessell, and +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep the dregs for cooking.</span> +kepe the receyte / for it wyll serue for sewes / than serue your +souerayne with wafers and ypocras. +<span class="sidenote"> +Have your Compost clean, and your ale 5 days old,</span> +Also loke your composte be fayre and clene / and your ale fyue dayes +olde or men drynke it / tha<i>n</i> kepe your hous of offyce clene, +& be curtoys of answere to eche persone, +<span class="sidenote"> +but not dead.</span> +and loke ye gyue no persone noo dowled drynke / for it wyll breke +y<sup>e</sup> scabbe. +<span class="headnote"> +HOW TO WAIT AT TABLE.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>To lay the Cloth.</i></span> +<a name="keruyng_cloth" id="keruyng_cloth">And whan ye laye the +clothe</a>, wype y<sup>e</sup> borde clene with a cloute / +<span class="sidenote"> +Put on a <i>couch</i>, then a second cloth,</span> +than laye a cloth, a couche, it is called, take your felawe that one +ende, & holde you that other ende, than drawe the clothe straught, +<span class="sidenote"> +the fold on the outer edge; a third, the fold on the inner edge.</span> +the bought on y<sup>e</sup> vtter edge / take the vtter parte, & +hange it euen / than take the thyrde clothe, +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> iii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +and lay y<sup>e</sup> bought on the inner *edge / and laye estat with +the vpper parte halfe a fote brode / +<span class="sidenote"> +Cover your cupboard,</span> +than couer thy cupborde and thyn ewery with the towell of dyaper / +<span class="sidenote"> +put a towel round your neck, one side lying on your left arm;</span> +than take thy towell about thy necke, and laye that one syde of +y<sup>e</sup> towell vpon thy lefte arme / +<span class="sidenote"> +on that, 7 loaves of eating bread and 4 trencher loaves.</span> +and there-on laye your soueraynes napkyn / and laye on thyn arme seuen +loues of brede, with thre or foure trenchour loues, +with the ende of y<sup>e</sup> towell in the lefte hande, as the +<span class="pagenum">155</span> +<a name="page155" id="page155"> </a> +<!-- png 277 --> +maner is / +<span class="sidenote"> +In your left hand a saltcellar,</span> +than take thy salte seller in thy lefte hande, +<span class="sidenote"> +in your right the towel.</span> +and take the ende of y<sup>e</sup> towell in your ryght hande to bere in +spones and knyues / +<span class="sidenote"> +Set the saltcellar on your lord’s right, and trenchers on the left of +it.</span> +than set your salt on the ryght syde where your souerayne shall sytte, +and on y<sup>e</sup> lefte syde the salte set your trenchours / +<span class="sidenote"> +Lay knives, bread, spoons, napkins,</span> +than laye your knyues, & set your brede, one lofe by an other / your +spones, and your napkyns fayre folden besyde your brede / +<span class="sidenote"> +and cover ’em up.</span> +than couer your brede and trenchoures, spones and knyues / & at +euery ende of y<sup>e</sup> table set a salte seller with two +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>treachour</i>] <i>sic</i>: a <i>for</i> n</span> +<span class="texttag">treachour</span> loues / +<a name="keruyng_bread" id="keruyng_bread"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>To wrap your Lord’s bread stately.</i></span> +and yf ye wyll wrappe your soueraynes brede stately, +<span class="sidenote"> +Square the loaves;</span> +ye muste square and proporcyon your brede, and se that no lofe be more +than an other / and than shall ye make your wrapper man[er]ly / +<span class="sidenote"> +take a Reynes towel 2½ yards long by the ends;</span> +than take a towell of reynes of two yerdes and an halfe, and take the +towell by y<sup>e</sup> endes double, +<span class="sidenote"> +put it on the table, pinch up a handful of one end,</span> +and laye it on the table / than take the ende of y<sup>e</sup> +bought a handfull in your hande, and wrappe it harde, +<span class="sidenote"> +and lay it between 2 towels, and on it lay your 6 or 7 loaves bottom to +bottom.</span> +and laye the ende so wrapped bytwene two towelles; vpon that ende so +wrapped, lay your brede, botom to botom, syxe or seuen loues / than set +your brede manerly in fourme / and whan your soueraynes table is thus +arayed, +<span class="sidenote"> +Put salt, cups, &c., on the other tables.</span> +couer all other bordes with salte, trenchoures, & cuppes. +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>so</i>] <i>for</i> se, <i>see</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +See that your <i>Ewery</i> is properly supplied, and your ale-pots kept +clean.</span> +Also <span class="texttag">so</span> thyn ewery be arayed with basyns +& ewers, & water hote & colde / and se’ ye haue napkyns, +cuppes, & spones / & se your pottes for +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> 4.]</span> +wyne * and ale be made clene, +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="keruyng_surnape" id="keruyng_surnape"> +<i>To arrange the Surnape.</i></a></span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Put a cloth under a double towel, hold 3 ends together,</span> +and to y<sup>e</sup> surnape make ye curtesy with a clothe vnder a fayre +double napry / tha<i>n</i> take þe towelles ende nexte you / & the +vtter ende of the clothe on the vtter syde of the table, & holde +these thre endes atones, +<span class="sidenote"> +fold them in a foot-broad pleat, and lay it smooth.</span> +& folde them atones, that a plyte passe not a fote brode / than laye +it euen there it sholde lye. +<span class="sidenote"> +After washing,</span> +And after mete wasshe with that that is at y<sup>e</sup> ryghte ende of +the table / ye muste guyde it out, +<span class="sidenote"> +the Marshal must carry the surnape out.</span> +and the marshall must conuey it / and loke on eche clothe the ryght syde +be outwarde, & drawe it streyght / than must ye reyse the vpper +parte +<span class="pagenum">156</span> +<a name="page156" id="page156"> </a> +<!-- png 278 --> +of y<sup>e</sup> towell, & laye it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-out ony +gronynge / and at +<span class="sidenote"> +Leave out half a yard to make estate.</span> +euery ende of y<sup>e</sup> towell ye must conuey halfe a yerde that +y<sup>e</sup> sewer may make estate reuerently, and let it be. +<span class="sidenote"> +When your lord has washed, remove the Surnape.</span> +And whan your souerayne hath wasshen, drawe y<sup>e</sup> +surnape euen / than bere the surnape to the myddes of the borde & +take it vp before your souerayne, & bere it in to y<sup>e</sup> +ewery agayne. +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>it</i>] <i>for</i> is</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +When he is seated,</span> +And whan your souerayne <span class="texttag">it</span> set, loke your +towell be aboute your necke / + +<span class="sidenote"> +salute him, uncover your bread,</span> +than make your souerayne curtesy / than vncouer your brede & set it +by the salte & laye your napkyn, knyfe, & spone, afore hym / +<span class="sidenote"> +kneel on your knee till 8 loaves are served out (?)</span> +than knele on your knee tyll the purpayne passe eyght loues / & loke +ye set at y<sup>e</sup> endes of y<sup>e</sup> table foure loues at a +messe / and se that euery persone haue napkyn and spone / & wayte +well to y<sup>e</sup> sewer how many dysshes be couered; +<span class="sidenote"> +Provide as many cups as dishes.</span> +y<sup>e</sup> so many cuppes couer ye / than serue ye forth the table +manerly y<sup>t</sup> euery man may speke your curtesy.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +HOW TO WAIT AT TABLE. SEWYNGE OF FLESSHE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<ins class="mycorr" title="text missing? ‘Sewynge of Flesh’"><i>ewynge of</i></ins></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_sew_table" id="keruyng_sew_table"> +¶ Here endeth of the Butler and Panter, yoman of the seller and ewery. +And here foloweth sewynge of flesshe.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> 4 <i>b</i>.]</span> +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>he +<span class="sidenote"> +The <i>Sewer</i> or arranger of dishes</span> +sewer muste sewe, & from the borde conuey all maner of potages, +metes, & sauces / & euery daye comon with the coke, +<span class="sidenote"> +must ascertain what dishes and fruits are prepared daily for dinner; and +he must have people ready to carry up the dishes.</span> +and vndersta<i>n</i>de & wyte how many dysshes shall be, and speke +with the panter and offycers of y<sup>e</sup> spycery for fruytes that +shall be ete<i>n</i> fastynge. Than goo to the borde of sewynge, and se +ye haue offycers redy to conuey, & seruauntes for to bere, your +dysshes. +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>bo</i>] <i>for</i> be</span> +Also yf marshall, squyers, and seruauntes of armes, <span class="texttag">bo</span> there, tha<i>n</i> serue forth your souerayne +withouten blame.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>The Succession of Dishes.</i></span> +<h5><a name="keruyng_service" id="keruyng_service">¶ +Seruyce.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +1. Brawn, &c.</span> +<p>¶ Fyrste sette ye forthe mustarde and brawne, potage, befe, motton +stewed. +<span class="sidenote"> +2. Pheasant, &c.</span> +Fesande / swanne / +<span class="pagenum">157</span> +<a name="page157" id="page157"> </a> +<!-- png 279 --> +capon / pygge, venyson bake / custarde / and leche lombarde. +<span class="sidenote"> +3. Meat Fritters, &c</span> +Fruyter vaunte, with a subtylte, two potages, blau<i>n</i>che +ma<i>n</i>ger, and gelly. +<span class="sidenote"> +4. For a standard,</span> +For standarde, venyson roste, kydde, fawne & cony / bustarde, +storke, crane, +<span class="sidenote"> +a peacock with his tail.</span> +pecocke with his tayle, hero<i>n</i>sewe, bytture, woodcocke, partryche, +plouer, rabettes, grete byrdes, larkes / +<span class="sidenote"> +5. Doucettes, Paynpuff, Brew, Snipe,</span> +doucettes, paynpuffe, whyte leche, ambre / gelly, creme of almondes, +curlewe, brewe, snytes, quayle, sparowes, martynet, perche i<i>n</i> +gelly / +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>petyperuys</i>] ? u <i>for</i> n</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Petyperuys and</span> +<span class="texttag">petyperuys</span>, quy<i>n</i>ces bake / leche +dewgarde, +<span class="sidenote"> +Fayge,</span> +fruyter <a name="keruyng_tag_fayge" id="keruyng_tag_fayge" href="#keruyng_note_fayge">fayge</a>, blandrelles or pepyns +<span class="sidenote"> +Caraways, &c.</span> +with carawaye in co<i>n</i>fettes, wafers and ypocras, they be +a-greable. +<span class="sidenote"> +Clear the table</span> +Now this feest is done, voyde ye the table.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="headnote"> +KERUYNGE OF FLESSHE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Keruynge of Flesshe.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_carve_flesh" id="keruyng_carve_flesh"> +¶ Here endeth the sewynge of flesshe. And begynneth the keruynge of +flesshe.</a></h5> + +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>he keruer must knowe the keruynge +and the fayre ha<i>n</i>dlynge of a knyfe, and how ye shall seche al +maner of fowle / + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> 5.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Your hands must be clean; only two fingers and a thumb should be put on +your knife,</span> +your knyfe muste be fayre and *your ha<i>n</i>des muste be clene; & +passe not two fyngers & a thombe vpon your knyfe. In y<sup>e</sup> +myddes of your ha<i>n</i>de set the halfe sure, +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>wich</i>] <i>for</i> with</span> +vnlassynge y<sup>e</sup> mynsy<i>n</i>ge <span class="texttag">wich</span> two fy<i>n</i>gers & a thombe; keruynge of +brede, layenge, & voydynge of crommes, with two fyngers and a thombe +/ loke ye haue y<sup>e</sup> cure / + +<span class="sidenote"> +or on fish, flesh,</span> +set neuer on fysshe / flesshe / beest / + +<span class="sidenote"> +or fowl.</span> +ne fowle, more than two fyngers and a thombe / than take your lofe in +your lefte hande, & holde your knyfe surely; enbrewe not the table +clothe / + +<span class="sidenote"> +Wipe your knife on your napkin.</span> +but wype vpon your napkyn / than take your trenchouer lofe in your lefte +ha<i>n</i>de, and with the edge of your table knyfe take vp your +trenchours as nye the poynt as ye may / +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="keruyng_tag_trencher" id="keruyng_tag_trencher"> +Lay 4 trenchers for your lord, with 2 or 4 on them</a></span> +tha<i>n</i> laye foure trenchours to your soferayne, one by an other / +and laye theron other foure trenchours or elles twayne / than take a +lofe in your lyfte hande, & pare y<sup>e</sup> lofe rou<i>n</i>de +aboute / + +<span class="sidenote"> +and the upper crust of a fine loaf.</span> +tha<i>n</i> cut the ouer cruste to your souerayne, and cut the nether +cruste, & voyde +<span class="pagenum">158</span> +<a name="page158" id="page158"> </a> +<!-- png 280 --> +the parynge, & touche the lofe no more after it is so serued / than +clense the table that the sewer may serue youre souerayne. +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>fumosytces</i>] <i>sic</i>: c <i>for</i> e</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Give heed to what is indigestible,</span> +Also ye muste knowe the <span class="texttag">fumosytces</span> of +fysshe, flesshe, and foules, & all maner of sauces accordynge to +theyr appetytes / these ben the fumosytes / salte, soure, +<span class="sidenote"> +as resty, fat things,</span> +resty, fatte, fryed, senewes, skynnes, hony, croupes, +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>pygous</i>] <i>sic</i>: u <i>for</i> n</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +feathers, heads,</span> +yonge feders, heddes, <span class="texttag">pygous</span> bones, +<span class="sidenote"> +legs, &c.</span> +all maner of legges of bestees & fowles the vtter syde; for these +ben fumosytees; laye them neuer to your souerayne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<ins class="mycorr" title="repeated sidenote in original"> +<i>Keruynge of Flesshe.</i></ins></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_sew_fowl" id="keruyng_sew_fowl">¶ +Seruyce.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +How to carve Brawn,</span> +<p>¶ Take your knyfe in your ha<i>n</i>de, and cut brawne in +y<sup>e</sup> dysshe as it lyeth, & laye it on your soueraynes +trenchour, & se there be mustarde. +<span class="sidenote"> +Venison,</span> +Venyson with fourme<i>n</i>ty is good for your souerayne: touche not the +venyson with your ha<i>n</i>de, +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> 5 <i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +(cut it in 12 bits and slice it into the furmity,)</span> +but with your knyfe cut it .xii. draugh*tes with the edge of your knyfe, +and cut it out in to y<sup>e</sup> fourmenty / doo in the same wyse with +pesen & bacon, befe chyne and motto<i>n</i> / pare the befe, cut the +motto<i>n</i> / & laye to your souerayne / beware of fumosytees / +salte, senewe, fatte, resty & rawe. In syrupe, +<span class="sidenote"> +Pheasant, Stockdoves,</span> +fesande, partryche, stockdoue, & chekyns / in the lefte ha<i>n</i>de +take them by the pynyo<i>n</i>, & with the foreparte of your knyfe +<span class="sidenote"> +(mince the wings into the syrup,)</span> +lyfte vp your wy<i>n</i>ges / than mynce it in to the syrupe / beware of +sky<i>n</i>ne rawe & senowe. +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>reyse</i>] The top of the <i>s</i> is broken off, making the letter +look like an <i>l</i> rubbed at the top.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Goose, Teal, &c., (take off the legs and wings,)</span> +Goos, tele, malarde, & swa<i>n</i>ne, <span class="texttag">reyse</span> the legges, than the wynges / laye the body in +y<sup>e</sup> myddes or in a nother plater / the wynges in the myddes +& the legges; after laye the brawne bytwene the legges / & the +wynges in the plater. +<span class="sidenote"> +Capon,</span> +Capo<i>n</i> or henne of grece, lyfte the legges, +<span class="sidenote"> +(mince the wing with wine or ale,)</span> +tha<i>n</i> the wynges, & caste on wyne or ale, than mynce the wynge +& giue your souerayne. Fesande, partryche, +<span class="sidenote"> +Plover, Lapwing, Bittern, Egret.</span> +plouer or lapwynge, reyse y<sup>e</sup> wynges, & after the legges. +<span class="pagenum">159</span> +<a name="page159" id="page159"> </a> +<!-- png 281 --> +woodcocke, bytture, egryt, snyte, curlewe & heronsewe, vnlace them, +breke of the pynyons, necke & becke / tha<i>n</i> reyse the legges, +& let the fete be on styll, than the wynges. +<span class="sidenote"> +How to carve a Crane, (mind the trump in his breast,)</span> +A crane, reyse the wynges fyrst, & beware of the trumpe in his +brest. Pecocke, storke, bustarde & + +<span class="sidenote"> +Shoveler,</span> +shouyllarde, vnlace them as a crane, and let y<sup>e</sup> fete be on +styll. +<span class="sidenote"> +Quail, Martins,</span> +Quayle, sparow, larke, martynet, pegyon, +<span class="sidenote"> +Swallow,</span> +swalowe, & thrusshe, y<sup>e</sup> legges fyrst, tha<i>n</i> +y<sup>e</sup> wynges. +<span class="sidenote"> +Fawn, Kid,</span> +Fawne, kyde, and lambe, laye the kydney to your souerayne, tha<i>n</i> +lyfe vp the sholder & gyue your souerayne a rybbe. +<span class="sidenote"> +Roast Venison,</span> +Venyson roste, cut it in the dysshe, & laye it to your souerayne. +<span class="sidenote"> +Cony,</span> +A cony, lay hy<i>m</i> on the backe, cut away the ventes bytwene +the hy<i>n</i>der legges, breke the canell bone, than reyse the sydes, +<span class="sidenote"> +(lay him on his belly with his two cut-off sides, on each side of +him.)</span> +than lay the cony on y<sup>e</sup> wombe, on eche syde the chyne +y<sup>e</sup> two sydes departed from the chy<i>n</i>e, tha<i>n</i> laye +the bulke, chyne, & sydes, in y<sup>e</sup> dysshe. +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> 6.]</span> +*Also ye must my<i>n</i>ce +<span class="sidenote"> +Cut 4 strips to each bit of meat, for your lord to pick it up by.</span> +foure lesses to one morcell of mete, that your soverayne may take it in +the sauce. +<span class="sidenote"> +Open hot Meat-Pies at the top; cold in the middle.</span> +All bake metes that ben hote, open them a-boue the coffyn; & all +that ben colde, ope<i>n</i> theym in the mydwaye. +<span class="sidenote"> +Cut Custards in inch blocks.</span> +Custarde, cheke them inche square that your souerayne may ete therof. +<span class="sidenote"> +Doucettes, pare off sides and bottom.</span> +Doucettes, pare awaye the sydes & the bottom: beware of fumosytes. +<span class="sidenote"> +Fritters hot are good,</span> +Fruyter vaunte, <a name="keruyng_tag_fruytersay" id="keruyng_tag_fruytersay" href="#keruyng_note_fruytersay">fruyter +say</a>, be good; bett<i>er</i> is fruyter pouche; apple fruyters ben +good hote / and all +<span class="sidenote"> +cold bad. Tansey is good.</span> +colde fruters, touche not. Ta<i>n</i>sey is good / hote wortes, or +gruell of befe or of motto<i>n</i> is good. +<span class="sidenote"> +Jelly, Blanche Manger, Charlet, &c., are good, and</span> +Gelly, mortrus, creme almondes, blau<i>n</i>che manger, Iussell, and +<a name="keruyng_tag_charlet" id="keruyng_tag_charlet" href="#keruyng_note_charlet">charlet</a>, cabage, and nombles of a dere, ben +good / + +<span class="sidenote"> +no other potages.</span> +& all other potage beware of.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="headnote"> +SAUCES FOR FOWLES.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Sauces for all maner of Fowles.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_sauce_fowl" id="keruyng_sauce_fowl"> +¶ Here endeth y<sup>e</sup> keruynge of flesshe. And begy<i>n</i>neth +sauces for all maner of fowles.</a></h5> + +<p><span class="largecap">M</span>ustarde +<span class="sidenote"> +Mustard for beef; Verjuice for boiled chickens; Cawdrons for +swans;</span> +is good with brawne, befe, chyne, bacon, & motton. Vergius is good +to boyled chekyns and capon / swanne with cawdrons / rybbes of +<span class="pagenum">160</span> +<a name="page160" id="page160"> </a> +<!-- png 282 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Garlick, &c., for beef.</span> +befe with garlycke, mustarde, peper, vergyus; + +<span class="sidenote"> +Ginger for lamb;</span> +gynger sauce to la<i>m</i>be, pygge, & fawne / mustarde & suger +to fesande, partryche, and conye / + +<span class="sidenote"> +Gamelyne for heronsewe, &c.;</span> +sauce gamelyne to hero<i>n</i>sewe, egryt, plouer, & crane / to +brewe, curlewe, +<span class="sidenote"> +Salt, Sugar and Water of Tame for brew, &c.</span> +salte, suger, & water of tame / to bustarde, shouyllarde, & +bytture, sauce gamelyne: + +<span class="sidenote"> +White salt for lapwings, &c. Cinnamon and salt for thrushes +&c.</span> +woodcocke, lapwynge, larke, quayle, mertynet, venyson, and snyte, with +whyte salte / sparowes & throstelles with salte & synamo<i>n</i> +/ thus with all metes, sauce shall haue the operacyons.</p> + +<p class="center"> +¶ Here endeth the sauces for all maner of fowles and metes.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +FEESTES AND SERUYCE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote page head5"> +[Fol. <span class="smallroman">A</span> 6 b.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>The Dinner Courses from Easter to Whitsunday.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_feast_easter" id="keruyng_feast_easter"> +¶ Here begynneth the feestes and seruyce from Eester vnto +whytsondaye.</a></h5> + +<p><span class="largecap">O</span>n +<span class="sidenote"> +From Easter to Pentecost, set bread, trenchers and spoons:</span> +Eester daye & so forthe to Pe<i>n</i>tycost, after y<sup>e</sup> +seruy<i>n</i>ge of the table there shall be set brede, +tre<i>n</i>chours, and spones, after the estymacyo<i>n</i> of them that +shall syt there; and thus ye shall serue your souerayne; +<span class="sidenote"> +6 or 8 trenchers for a great lord, 3 for one of low degree.</span> +laye [six or eight<a class="tag" name="keruyng_tag_1a" id="keruyng_tag_1a" href="#keruyng_note_1a">1*</a>] tre<i>n</i>chours / +& yf he be of a lower degre [or] estate, laye fyue trenchours / +& yf he be of lower degre, foure trenchours / & of an other +degre, thre trenchours / +<span class="sidenote"> +Then cut bread for eating.</span> +than cut brede for your souerayne after ye knowe his condycyons, wheder +it be cutte in y<sup>e</sup> myddes or pared, or elles for to be cut in +small peces. Also ye must vndersta<i>n</i>de how y<sup>e</sup> mete +shall be serued before youre souerayne, & namely on +<span class="sidenote"> +For Easter-day Feast:</span> +Eester daye after the gouernaunce & seruyce of y<sup>e</sup> +countree where ye were borne. +<span class="sidenote"> +First Course: A Calf, boiled and blessed;</span> +Fyrste on that daye he shall serue a calfe soden and blessyd / and than +<span class="sidenote"> +boiled Eggs and green sauce;</span> +sode<i>n</i> egges with grene sauce, and set them before the most +pryncypall estate / and that lorde by cause of his hyghe estate shall +departe them all aboute hym / than serue +<span class="sidenote"> +Potage, with beef,</span> +potage, as wortes, <a name="keruyng_tag_jowtes" id="keruyng_tag_jowtes" href="#keruyng_note_jowtes">Iowtes</a>, or +<a name="keruyng_tag_browes" id="keruyng_tag_browes" href="#keruyng_note_browes">browes</a>, with befe, motto<i>n</i>, +<span class="pagenum">161</span> +<a name="page161" id="page161"> </a> +<!-- png 283 --> +or vele / +<span class="sidenote"> +saffron-stained Capons.</span> +& capo<i>n</i>s that ben coloured with saffron, and bake metes. +<span class="sidenote"> +Second Course:</span> +And the seconde course, Iussell with +<span class="sidenote"> +Mameny, Pigeons,</span> +mamony, and rosted, endoured / & pegyons with bake metes, as tartes, +<span class="sidenote"> +Chewets, Flawnes.</span> +<a name="keruyng_tag_chewet" id="keruyng_tag_chewet" href="#keruyng_note_chewet">chewettes</a>, & <a name="keruyng_tag_flawn" id="keruyng_tag_flawn" href="#keruyng_note_flawn">flawnes</a>, & other, after the dysposycyon of +the cokes. +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>broche</i>] ? brothe</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Supper:</span> +And at soupertyme dyuers sauces of motto<i>n</i> or vele in <span class="texttag">broche</span>, after the ordynaunce of the stewarde / and +than +<span class="sidenote"> +Chickens, Veal,</span> +chekyns with bacon, vele, roste pegyons or lambe, +<span class="sidenote"> +roast Kid,</span> +& kydde roste with y<sup>e</sup> heed & the portenaunce on lambe +& +<span class="sidenote"> +Pigs’-Feet,</span> +pygges fete, with vinegre & percely theron, & +<span class="sidenote"> +a Tansey fried.</span> +a ta<i>n</i>sye fryed, & other bake metes / ye shall +vndersta<i>n</i>de this maner of seruyce +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">B</span> i.]</span> +*dureth to Pentecoste, saue fysshe dayes. Also take hede how ye shall +araye these thynges before your souerayne / fyrst ye shall se there be +<span class="sidenote"> +Green Sauces of sorrel or vines, for the first course.</span> +grene sauces of sorell or of vynes, that is holde a sauce for the fyrst +course / and ye shall begyn to reyse the capon.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +KERUYNG OF ALL MANER OF FOWLES.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Keruyng of all maner of Fowles.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_carve_fowl" id="keruyng_carve_fowl"> +¶ Here endeth the feest of Eester tyll Pentecoste. And here begynneth +keruyng of all maner of fowles.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>How to carve a Capon.</i></span> +<h5>¶ Sauce that capon.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take vp a capon, & lyfte vp the ryght legge and the ryght +wynge, & so araye forth & laye hym in the plater as he sholde +flee, & serve your souerayne / & knowe well that capons or +chekyns ben arayed after one sauce; + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sauce: green sauce or verjuice.</span> +the chekyn shall be sauced with grene sauce or vergyus.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Swan.</i></span> +<h5>¶ Lyfte that swanne.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Chawdron is the sauce for him.</span> +<p>¶ Take and dyghte hym as a goose, but let hym haue a largyour brawne, +& loke ye haue chawdron.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Pheasant.</i></span> +<h5>¶ Alaye that fesande.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take a fesande, and reyse his legges & his wynges as it were an +henne, +<span class="sidenote"> +No sauce but Salt.</span> +& no sauce but onely salte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Partridge.</i></span> +<h5>¶ wynge that partryche.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take a partryche, and reyse his legges and his wynges as a henne / +& ye mynce hym, sauce hym with +<span class="pagenum">162</span> +<a name="page162" id="page162"> </a> +<!-- png 284 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sauce for Partridges.</span> +wyn, poudre of gynger, & salte / that set it vpon a chaufyng-dysshe +of coles to warme & serue it.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>How to carve a Quail.</i></span> +<h5><a name="keruyng_carve_quail" id="keruyng_carve_quail"> +¶ wynge that quayle.</a></h5> + +<p>¶ Take a quayle, and reyse his legges and his wynges as an henne, +<span class="sidenote"> +Sauce: salt.</span> +and no sauce but salte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Crane.</i></span> +<h5>Dysplaye that crane.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take a crane, and vnfolde his legges, and cut of his wynges by the +Ioyntes: than take vp hys wynges and his legges, +<span class="sidenote"> +Sauce: ginger, mustard, vinegar, and salt.</span> +and sauce hym with poudres of gynger, mustarde, vynegre, and salte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page head5"> +[Fol. <span class="smallroman">B</span> i. b.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>Heron.</i></span> +<h5>Dysmembre that heron.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take an heron, and reyse his legges and his wynges as a crane, and +sauce hym with +<span class="sidenote"> +Sauce as before.</span> +vynegre, mustarde, poudre of gynger, and salte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i><ins class="mycorr" title="error for ‘Bittern’?">Rittern.</ins></i></span> +<h5>Vnioint that bytture.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take a bytture, and reyse his legges & his wynges as an heron, +<span class="sidenote"> +Salt, the sauce.</span> +& no sauce but salte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Egret.</i></span> +<h5><a name="keruyng_carve_egret" id="keruyng_carve_egret"> +Breke that egryt.</a></h5> + +<p>¶ Take an egryt, and reyse his legges and his wynges as an heron, +<span class="sidenote"> +Salt, the sauce.</span> +and no sauce but salte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Curlew.</i></span> +<h5>Vntache that curlewe.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take a curlewe, and reyse his legges and his wynges as an henne, +<span class="sidenote"> +Salt, as sauce.</span> +and no sauce but salte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Brew.</i></span> +<h5>¶ Vntache that brewe.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take a brewe, and reyse his legges and his wynges in the same +maner, and +<span class="sidenote"> +Salt, as sauce.</span> +no sauce but onely salte, & serue your souerayne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Cony (or Rabbit.)</i></span> +<h5>Vnlace that cony.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take a cony, and laye hym on the backe, & cut awaye the ventes +/ than reyse the wynges and the sydes, and laye bulke, chyne, and the +sydes togyder; + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sauce: vinegar and ginger.</span> +sauce, vynegre and poudre of gynger.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">163</span> +<a name="page163" id="page163"> </a> +<!-- png 285 --> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Sarcel or Teal.</i></span> +<h5><a name="keruyng_carve_teal" id="keruyng_carve_teal"> +Breke that sarcell.</a></h5> + +<p>¶ Take a sarcell or a teele, and reyse his wynges & his legges, +and no sauce but salte onely.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Plover.</i></span> +<h5>Mynce that plouer.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take a plouer, and reyse his legges and his wynges as an henne, and +no sauce but onely salt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Snipe.</i></span> +<h5>A snyte.</h5> + +<p>¶ Take a snyte, and reyse his wynges, his legges, and his sholdres, +as a plouer; and no sauce but salte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. <span class="smallroman">B</span> ij.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>Woodcock.</i></span> +<h5>¶ Thye that woodcocke.</h5> + +<p>Take a woodcocke, & reyse his legges and his wynges as an henne; +this done, dyght the brayne. <a name="keruyng_feast_pentecost" id="keruyng_feast_pentecost">And here begynneth the feest from Pentecost +vnto mydsomer.</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +Sauces for the Second Course.</span> +<p class="space"> +<span class="largecap">I</span>n the seconde course for the metes +before sayd ye shall take for your sauces, wyne, ale, vynegre, and +poudres, after the mete be; & gynger & canell from Pentecost to +the feest of saynt Iohn baptyst. +<span class="sidenote"> +First Course: Beef and Capons.</span> +The fyrst course shall be befe, motton soden with capons, or rosted / +& yf the capons be soden, araye hym in the maner aforesayd. +<span class="sidenote"> +How to sauce and carve a Roast capon:</span> +And whan he is rosted, thou must caste on salte, with wyne or with ale / +tha<i>n</i> take the capon by the legges, & caste on the sauce, +& breke hym out, +<span class="sidenote"> +lay him out as if ready to fly.</span> +& laye hym in a dysshe as he sholde flee. Fyrst ye shall cut the +ryght legge and the ryght sholdre, & bytwene the foure membres laye +the brawne of the capon, with the croupe in the ende bytwene the legges, +as it were possyble for to be Ioyned agayne togyder / & other bake +metes after: + +<span class="sidenote"> +Second Course: Potage, Charlet, young Geese, Payne Puff, &c.</span> +And in the seconde course, potage shall be, Iussell, charlet, or +mortrus, with yonge geese, vele, porke, pygyons or chekyns rosted, with +payne puffe / fruyters, and other bake metes after the ordynau<i>n</i>ce +of the coke. +<span class="sidenote"> +How to carve a Goose.</span> +Also the goose ought to be cut membre to membre, begynnynge at the ryght +legge, and so forth vnder the ryght wynge, +<span class="pagenum">164</span> +<a name="page164" id="page164"> </a> +<!-- png 286 --> +& not vpon the Ioynte aboue / + +<span class="sidenote"> +Goose must be eaten with green garlic or verjuice.</span> +& it ought for to be eten with grene garlyke, or with sorell, or +tender vynes, or vergyus in somer season, after the pleasure of your +souerayne. Also ye shall vnderstande that all maner of fowle that hath +hole fete sholde be reysed vnder the wynge, and not aboue.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +THE SERVICE FROM MIDSUMMER TO CHRISTMAS.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Dinner Courses from the Nativity<a name="keruyng_tag_a" id="keruyng_tag_a" href="#keruyng_note_a">*</a> of St John the +Baptist</i>, (June 24,) <i>to Michaelmas.</i></span> + +<h5>¶ Here endeth the feest from Pentecost to mydsomer. +<a name="keruyng_feast_iohn" id="keruyng_feast_iohn"> +And here begynneth from the feest of saynt Iohn the baptist vnto +Myghelmasse.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +First Course: soups, vegetables, legs of Pork, &c.</span> +<p><span class="largecap">I</span>n the fyrst course, potage, wortes, +gruell, & fourmenty, with venyson, and mortrus and pestelles of +porke with grene sauce. Rosted capon, swanne with chawdron. +<span class="sidenote"> +Second Course:</span> +In the seconde course, potage after the ordynaunce of the cokes, +<span class="sidenote"> +roast Mutton,</span> +with rosted motton, vele, porke, chekyns or +<span class="sidenote"> +glazed Pigeons,</span> +endoured pygyons, heron-sewes, +<span class="sidenote"> +Fritters, &c.</span> +fruyters or other bake metes / & take hede to the fesande: he shall +be arayed in the maner of a capon / + +<span class="sidenote"> +Serve a Pheasant dry, with salt and ginger:</span> +but it shall be done drye, without ony moysture, and he shall be eten +with salte and pouder of gynger. And +<span class="sidenote"> +a Heronsewe with salt and powder (blanche?)</span> +the heronsewe shall be arayed in the same maner without ony moysture, +& he shulde be eten with salte and poudre. Also ye shall vnderstande +that +<span class="sidenote"> +Treat open-clawed birds like capons.</span> +all maner of fowles hauynge open clawes as a capon, shall be tyred and +arayed as a capon and suche other.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Dinner Courses from Michaelmas to Christmas.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_feast_myghell" id="keruyng_feast_myghell"> +¶ From the feest of saynt Myghell vnto the feest of +Chrystynmasse.</a></h5> + +<p><span class="largecap">I</span>n +<span class="sidenote"> +First Course: legs of Pork, &c.</span> +the fyrst course, potage, befe, motton, bacon, or pestelles of porke, or +with goose, capon, mallarde, swanne, or fesande, as it is before sayd, +with tartes, or bake metes, or chynes of porke. +<span class="sidenote"> +Second Course:</span> +In the second course, potage, mortrus, or conyes, or sewe / than roste +flesshe, motton, porke, vele, pullettes, chekyns, pygyons, teeles, +<span class="pagenum">165</span> +<a name="page165" id="page165"> </a> +<!-- png 287 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Widgeon,</span> +wegyons, mallardes, partryche, woodcoke, plouer, bytture, curlewe, +heronsewe / venyson roost, grete byrdes, snytes, +<span class="sidenote"> +Fieldfares, Chewets, Beef, with sauces Gelopere and Pegyll.</span> +feldefayres, thrusshes, fruyters, chewettes, befe with sauce <a name="keruyng_tag_gelopere" id="keruyng_tag_gelopere" href="#keruyng_note_gelopere">gelopere</a>, roost with sauce <a name="keruyng_tag_pegyll" id="keruyng_tag_pegyll" href="#keruyng_note_pegyll">pegyll</a>, & other +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">B</span> iii.]</span> +ba*ke metes as is aforesayde. And yf ye kerue afore your lorde or your +lady ony soden flesshe, +<span class="sidenote"> +Cut the skin off boiled meats.</span> +kerue awaye the sky<i>n</i>ne aboue / tha<i>n</i> kerue resonably of +y<sup>e</sup> flesshe to your lorde or lady, +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>y<sup>e</sup></i>] <i>for</i> they</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Carve carefully for Ladies;</span> +and specyally for ladyes, for <span class="texttag">y<sup>e</sup></span> +<span class="sidenote"> +they soon get angry</span> +wyll soone be angry, for theyr thoughtes ben soone changed / and some +lordes wyll be sone pleased, & some wyll not / as they be of +co<i>m</i>pleccyo<i>n</i>. +<span class="sidenote"> +Carve Goose and Swan like other birds.</span> +The goos & swanne may be cut as ye do other fowles y<sup>t</sup> +haue hole fete, or elles as your lorde or your lady wyll aske it. Also a +swa<i>n</i>ne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> chawdron, capo<i>n</i>, or fesande, +ought for to be arayed as it is aforesayd / +<a name="keruyng_skin" id="keruyng_skin"> +but the skynne must be had awaye</a> +/ & whan they be<i>n</i> kerued before your lorde or your lady / +for generally +<span class="sidenote"> +The skin of cloven-footed birds is unwholsome;</span> +the skynne of all maner clove<i>n</i> foted fowles is vnholsome / + +<span class="sidenote"> +of whole-footed birds</span> +& the skynne of all maner hole foted fowles be<i>n</i> holsome for +to be eten. Also wete ye well that all maner hole foted fowles that haue +theyr lyuy<i>n</i>g vpon the water, theyr skynnes ben +<span class="sidenote"> +wholesome,</span> +holsome & clene, for by y<sup>e</sup> clenes of the water / & +fysshe, is theyr lyuynge. And yf that they ete ony stynkynge thynge, +<span class="sidenote"> +because the water washes all corruption out of ’em.</span> +it is made so clene with y<sup>e</sup> +water that all the corrupcyon is clene gone away frome it. +<span class="sidenote"> +Chicken’s skin is not so pure,</span> +And the sky<i>n</i>ne of capo<i>n</i>, henne, or chekyn, ben not so +clene, for the[y] ete foule thynges in the strete / & therfore the +skynnes be<i>n</i> not so holsome / + +<span class="sidenote"> +because their nature is not to enter into the river.</span> +for it is not theyr kynde to entre in to y<sup>e</sup> ryuer to make +theyr mete voyde of y<sup>e</sup> fylth. Mallarde, goose, or swanne, +they ete vpon the londe foule mete / + +<span class="sidenote"> +River birds cleanse their foul stink in the river.</span> +but a-no<i>n</i>, after theyr ky<i>n</i>de, they go to the ryuer, & +theyr they clense them of theyr foule stynke. A fesande as it is +aforesayd / but y<sup>e</sup> sky<i>n</i>ne is not holsome / + +<span class="sidenote"> +Take off the heads of all field birds,</span> +than take y<sup>e</sup> heddes of all felde byrdes and wood byrdes, as +fesande, pecocke, partryche, woodcocke, and curlewe, +<span class="sidenote"> +for they eat worms, toads, and the like.</span> +for they ete in +<span class="pagenum">166</span> +<a name="page166" id="page166"> </a> +<!-- png 288 --> +theyr degrees foule thynges, as wormes, todes, and other suche.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="headnote"> +SEWYNGE OF FYSSHE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Sewynge of Fysshe.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_sew_fish" id="keruyng_sew_fish"> +¶ Here endeth the feestes and the keruynge of flesshe, And here +begynneth the sewynge of fysshe.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>First Course:</i></span> + +<p class="center"> +¶ The fyrst course.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>Musculade.</i></span> +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>o go to sewynge of fysshe: +musculade, menewes in sewe of porpas or of samon, bacon hery<i>n</i>ge +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> suger, grene fysshe, pyke, lampraye, +<span class="sidenote"> +Salens, &c., baked Gurnet.</span> +<a name="keruyng_tag_salens" id="keruyng_tag_salens" href="#keruyng_note_salens">salens</a>, porpas rosted, bake gurnade, and +lampraye bake.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Second Course:</i></span> +<p class="center stanza"> +¶ The seconde course.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Jelly, dates, &c.</span> +<p>¶ Gelly whyte and rede, dates in confetes, congre, samon, dorrey, +brytte, turbot, halybut / + +<span class="sidenote"> +For a standard,</span> +for standarde, base, troute, +<span class="sidenote"> +Mullet, Chub, Seal, &c.</span> +molette, cheuene, sele, eles & lamprayes roost, tenche in gelly.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +<i>Third Course:</i></span> +<p class="center stanza"> +¶ The thyrde course.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Bream, Perch, Whelks; and pears in sugar candy. Figs, dates capped with +minced ginger, &c.</span> +<p>¶ Fresshe sturgyon, breme, perche in gelly, a Ioll of samon, +sturgyon, and welkes; apples & peres rosted with suger candy. +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>raysyns</i>] <i>Orig.</i> raysyus</span> +Fygges of malyke, & <span class="texttag">raysyns</span>, dates +capte w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mynced gynger / wafers and ypocras, they ben +agreable / + +<span class="sidenote"> +All over! Clear the table.</span> +this feest is done, voyde ye the table.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="headnote"> +KERUYNGE OF FYSSHE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote page head5"> +[Fol. <span class="smallroman">B</span> iii. b.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>Carving and Dressing of Fish.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_carve_fish" id="keruyng_carve_fish"> +¶ Here endeth sewynge of fysshe. And here foloweth keruynge of +fysshe.</a></h5> + +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>he keruer of fysshe +<span class="sidenote"> +Put tails and livers in the pea broth and furmity.</span> +must se to pessene & fourmentye the tayle and y<sup>e</sup> lyuer: +ye must loke yf there be a salte purpos, +<span class="sidenote"> +How to carve Seal Turrentyne,</span> +or <a name="keruyng_tag_turrentyne" id="keruyng_tag_turrentyne" href="#keruyng_note_turrentyne">sele turrentyne</a>, & do after +y<sup>e</sup> fourme of venyson / + +<span class="sidenote"> +baked Herring,</span> +baken herynge, laye it hole vpon your soueraynes trenchour / + +<span class="sidenote"> +white Herring,</span> +whyte hery<i>n</i>ge in a disshe, open it by y<sup>e</sup> backe, pyke +out the bones & the rowe, & se there be mustarde. Of salte +fysshe, +<span class="sidenote"> +Green Fish,</span> +grene fysshe, salt samon & congre, pare away y<sup>e</sup> skyn / +salte fysshe, stocke fysshe, +<span class="sidenote"> +Merling, Hake,</span> +marlynge, makrell, and hake, with butter: take awaye the bones & the +skynnes. +<span class="sidenote"> +Pike,</span> +A pyke, laye y<sup>e</sup> +<span class="pagenum">167</span> +<a name="page167" id="page167"> </a> +<!-- png 289 --> +wombe vpon his trenchour w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> pyke sauce ynoughe. +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">B</span> 4.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +salt Lamprey, Plaice.</span> +A salte * lampraye, gobone it flatte in .vii. or .viii. peces, +& lay it to your souerayne. A playce, put out the water / than +crosse hym with your knyfe, caste on salte & wyne or ale. +<span class="sidenote"> +Gurnard, Bream,</span> +Gornarde, <a name="keruyng_tag_rochet" id="keruyng_tag_rochet" href="#keruyng_note_rochet">rochet</a>, breme, cheuene, base, molet, +<span class="sidenote"> +Roach, Whiting,</span> +roche, perche, sole, makrell & whytynge, haddocke and +<span class="sidenote"> +Codling.</span> +codlynge, reyse them by the backe, & pyke out the bones, & +clense the refet in y<sup>e</sup> bely. +<span class="sidenote"> +Carp Trout,</span> +Carpe, breme, sole, & troute, backe & belly togyder. Samon, +<span class="sidenote"> +Conger, Thornback, Halibut,</span> +congre, sturgyon, turbot, thorpole, thornebacke, hou<i>n</i>de-fysshe, +& halybut, cut them in the dysshe as y<sup>e</sup> porpas aboute / + +<span class="sidenote"> +Tench,</span> +<a name="keruyng_tag_tench" id="keruyng_tag_tench" href="#keruyng_note_tench">tenche</a> in his sauce, cut it / eles & +lamprayes roost, pull of the skynne, pyke out y<sup>e</sup> bones, put +therto vyneger & poudre. +<span class="sidenote"> +and Crab.</span> +<a name="keruyng_crab" id="keruyng_crab">A crabbe,</a> +breke hym a-sonder in to a dysshe, make y<sup>e</sup> shelle clene, +<span class="sidenote"> +How to dress and serve up a Crab.</span> +& put in the stuffe agayne, tempre it with vynegre & pouder, +than couer it with brede, and sende it to the kytchyn to hete / than set +it to your souerayne, and breke the grete clawes, and laye them in a +disshe. +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>slytee</i>] <i>sic</i></span> +<span class="sidenote"> +How to dress and carve a Crayfish,</span> +A creues, dyght hym thus: departe hym a-sonder, & <span class="texttag">slytee</span> the belly, and take out y<sup>e</sup> fysshe; +pare away the reed skynne, and mynce it thynne; put vynegre in the +dysshe, and set in on y<sup>e</sup> table w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out hete. +<span class="sidenote"> +a Joll of Sturgeon,</span> +A Iol of sturgyon, cut it in thynne morselles, & lay it +rou<i>n</i>de aboute the dysshe. +<span class="sidenote"> +a fresh Lamprey, pasty.</span> +Fresshe lampraye bake: open y<sup>e</sup> +pasty / than take whyte brede, and cut it thynne, & lay it in a +dysshe, +<span class="sidenote"> +(sauce, Galentyne with red wine and powdered cinnamon.)</span> +& with a spone take out galentyne, & lay it vpon the brede with +reed wyne & poudre of synamon / than cut a gobone of the lampraye, +& mynce the gobone thynne, and laye it in the galentyne; than set it +vpo<i>n</i> the fyre to hete. +<span class="sidenote"> +Fresh Herring, &c.</span> +Fresshe herynge with salte & wyne / shrympes wel pyked, +flou<i>n</i>dres, gogyons, menewes & musceles, eles and lamprayes: + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sprats,</span> +sprottes is good in sewe / + +<span class="sidenote"> +Musculade in worts, Oysters.</span> +musculade in wortes / oystres i<i>n</i> ceuy, oysters in grauy, menewes +in porpas, samo<i>n</i> & seele, +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">B</span> 4 b.]</span> +gelly * whyte and reede, creme of almo<i>n</i>des, +<span class="sidenote"> +Dates, pears,</span> +dates in +<span class="pagenum">168</span> +<a name="page168" id="page168"> </a> +<!-- png 290 --> +comfetes, peres and quynces in syrupe, with percely rotes; + +<span class="sidenote"> +Mortrewes of Dogfish.</span> +mortrus of houndes fysshe, ryse standynge.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +SAUCES FOR FYSSHE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<a name="keruyng_sauce_fish" id="keruyng_sauce_fish"> +<i>Sauces for Fish.</i></a></span> + +<h5>¶ Here endeth the keruynge of fysshe. And here begy<i>n</i>neth +sauces for all maner of fysshe.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Mustard for</span> +<p><span class="largecap">M</span>ustarde +is good for salte herynge / salte fysshe, salte congre, +<span class="sidenote"> +Salmon, &c.;</span> +samo<i>n</i>, sparlynge, salt ele & lynge: +<span class="sidenote"> +Vinegar for salt Whale, &c.;</span> +vynegre is good with salte porpas, turrentyne salte / sturgyo<i>n</i> +salte, threpole, & salt wale / +<span class="sidenote"> +Galentyne for Lamprey; Verjuice for Roach, &c.; Cinnamon for Chub, +&c.;</span> +lampray with galentyne / vergyus to roche, dace, breme, molet, base, +flounders, sole, crabbe, and cheuene, with poudre of synamo<i>n</i>; to +thornebacke, herynge, houndefysshe, haddocke, whytynge, & codde, +vynegre, poudre of synamon, & gynger; +<span class="sidenote"> +Green Sauce for Halibut, &c.</span> +grene sauce is good with grene fysshe & halybut, <a name="keruyng_tag_cottell" id="keruyng_tag_cottell" href="#keruyng_note_cottell">cottell</a>, & fresshe turbot / put not your +grene sauce awaye, for it is good with mustarde.</p> + +<p class="center space"> +¶ Here endeth for all maner of sauces for fyssche accordynge to theyr +appetyte.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +THE CHAUMBERLAYNE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>The Duties of a Chamberlain.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_chamber" id="keruyng_chamber"> +¶ The chaumberlayne.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He must be cleanly, and comb his hair;</span> +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>he caumberlayne +muste be dylyge<i>n</i>t & clenly in his offyce, with his heed +kembed, & so to his souerayne that he be not recheles, +<span class="sidenote"> +see to his Lord’s clothes, and brush his hose;</span> +& se that he haue a clene sherte, breche, petycote, and doublet / +tha<i>n</i> +brusshe his hosen within & without, & se his shone & +slyppers be made clene / +<span class="sidenote"> +in the morning warm his shirt,</span> +& at morne whan your souerayne wyll aryse, warme his sherte by the +fyre / +<span class="sidenote"> +and prepare his footsheet;</span> +& se ye haue a fote shete made in this maner. Fyrst set a chayre by +the fyre with a cuysshen, an other vnder his fete / tha<i>n</i> sprede a +shete ouer the chayre, and se there be redy a +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">B</span> 5.]</span> +kerchefe * and a combe / than +<span class="sidenote"> +warm his petycote, &c.;</span> +warme his petycote, his doublet, and his stomachere / & than put on +his hosen & +<span class="sidenote"> +put on his shoes,</span> +his shone or slyppers, than +<span class="sidenote"> +tie up his hose,</span> +stryke vp his hosen manerly, & tye them vp, than lace +<span class="pagenum">169</span> +<a name="page169" id="page169"> </a> +<!-- png 291 --> +his doublet hole by hole, & laye the clothe aboute his necke & +<span class="sidenote"> +comb his head,</span> +kembe his hede / than loke ye haue a basyn, +<span class="sidenote"> +wash his hands,</span> +& an ewer with warme water, and a towell, and wasshe his handes / +than knele vpon your knee, +<span class="sidenote"> +put on the robe he orders.</span> +& aske your souerayne what robe he wyll were, & brynge him such +as your souerayne co<i>m</i>mau<i>n</i>deth, & put it vpon hym; than +doo his gyrdell aboute hym, & take your leue manerly, +<span class="sidenote"> +Make ready his Closet in the Church or Chapel,</span> +<a name="keruyng_ready" id="keruyng_ready">& go to the +chyrche</a> +or chapell to your soueraynes closet, & laye carpentes & +cuysshens, & lay downe his boke of prayers / than drawe the +curtynes, and take your leue goodly, +<span class="sidenote"> +then come home to his Bedchamber, take off the bed-clothes.</span> +& go to youre soueraynes chambre, & cast all the clothes of his +bedde, & bete the feder bedde & the bolster / but loke ye waste +no feders; than shall the blankettes, & se the shetes be fayre & +swete, or elles loke ye haue clene shetes / +<span class="sidenote"> +Make his lord’s bed again with clean sheets,</span> +than make vp his bedde manerly, than lay the hed shetes & the +pyllowes / than take vp the towel & the basyn, +<span class="sidenote"> +and lay hangings round the bed, and windows, &c.</span> +& laye carpentes aboute the bedde, or wyndowes & cupbordes layde +with carpettes and cuysshyns. Also loke there be a good fyre brennynge +bryght / +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep the privy clean, and the board covered with green cloth, and +provide down or cotton for wiping.</span> +& se the hous of hesement be swete & clene, & the preuy +borde couered with a grene clothe and a cuysshyn / tha<i>n</i> se there +be blanked, donne, or cotton, for your souerrayne / +<span class="sidenote"> +When he goes to bed, let him wash; put him on a mantle, take off his +shoes, &c.</span> +& loke ye haue basyn, & euer with water, & a towell for your +souerayne / than take of his gowne, & brynge him a mantell to kepe +hym fro colde / than brynge hym to the fyre, & take of his shone +& his hosen; than take a fayre kercher of reynes / +<span class="sidenote"> +Comb his head,</span> +& kembe his heed, +<span class="sidenote"> +put on his night-cap,</span> +& put on his kercher and his bonet / than sprede downe his bedde, +laye the heed shete and the pyllowes / & whan your souerayne is to +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* Fol. <span class="smallroman">B</span> 5 b.]</span> +bedde * +<span class="sidenote"> +draw the curtains round him,</span> +drawe the curtynes / than se there be morter or waxe or perchoures be +redy / than +<span class="sidenote"> +drive out the dogs and cats, set the urinal near, and then take +leave.</span> +dryue out dogge or catte, & loke there be basyn and vrynall set nere +your souerayne / than take your leue manerly that your souerayne may +take his rest meryly.</p> + +<p class="center space"> +¶ Here endeth of the chaumberlayne.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">170</span> +<a name="page170" id="page170"> </a> +<!-- png 292 --> + +<span class="headnote"> +OF THE MARSHALL AND THE VSSHER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Marshal and Usher.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="keruyng_marshal" id="keruyng_marshal"> +¶ Here foloweth of the Marshall and the vssher.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He must know the orders of precedence of all ranks.</span> +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>he Marshall and the vssher muste +knowe all the estates of the chyrche, and the hyghe estate of a kynge, +with the blode royall.</p> + +<div class="inset hanging close"> +<p>¶ The estate of a Pope hath no pere.</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of an Emperour is nexte.</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of a kynge.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +A Cardinal before a Prince.</span> +<p>¶ The estate of a cardynall.</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of a kynges sone, a prynce.</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of an archebysshop.</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of a duke</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of a bysshop</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of a marques</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of an erle</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of a vycount</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of a baron.</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of an abbot with a myter</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Mayor of London ranks with the 3 Chief Justices.</span> +<p>¶ The estate of the thre chefe Iuges & the Mayre of London.</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of an abbot without a myter</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of a knyght bacheler</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Knight’s equals.</span> +<p>¶ The estate of a pryour, dene, archedeken, or knyght</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. <span class="smallroman">B</span> 6.]</span> +<p>¶ The estate of the mayster of the rolles.</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of other Iustices & barons of the cheker</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of the mayre of Calays.</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of a prouyncyall, a doctour dyvyne,</p> + +<p>¶ The estate of a prothonat: he is aboue the popes collectour, and a +doctour of bothe the lawes.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The ex-Mayor of London.</span> +<p>¶ The estate of him that hath ben mayre of London and seruaunt of the +lawe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Esquire’s equals.</span> +<p>¶ The estate of a mayster of the chauncery, and other worshypfull +prechours of pardon, and clerkes that ben gradewable / & all other +ordres of +<span class="pagenum">171</span> +<a name="page171" id="page171"> </a> +<!-- png 293 --> +chastyte, persones & preestes, worshypfull marchauntes & +gentylmen, all this may syt at the squyers table.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Who must dine alone,</span> +<p>¶ An archebysshop and a duke may not kepe the hall, but eche estate +by them selfe in chaumbre or in pauylyon, that neyther se other.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +who 2 together,</span> +<p>¶ Bysshoppes, Marques, Erles, & Vycou<i>n</i>tes, all these may +syt two at a messe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +who 2 or 3,</span> +<p>¶ A baron, & the mayre of London, & thre chefe Iuges, and the +speker of the parlyament, & an abbot with a myter, all these may +<ins class="mycorr" title="text unchanged: misprint for ‘syt’?">svt</ins>two or thre at a messe</p> +</div> + +<span class="sidenote"> +who 3 or 4.</span> +<p>¶ And all other estates may syt thre or foure at a +messe</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Marshall must know who are of royal blood,</span> +<p>¶ Also the Marshall muste vnderstande and knowe the blode royall, for +some lorde is of blode royall & of small lyuelode. And some knyght +is wedded to a lady of royal blode; she shal kepe the estate that she +was before. And a lady of lower degree shal kepe the estate of her +lordes blode / + +<span class="sidenote"> +for that has the reverence.</span> +& therfore the royall blode shall haue the reuere<i>n</i>ce, as I +haue shewed you here before.</p> + +<p>¶ Also a marshall muste take hede of the byrthe, and nexte of the +lyne, of the blode royall.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He must take heed of the King’s officers,</span> +<p>¶ Also he must take hede of the kynges offycers, of the Chaunceler, +Stewarde, Chamberlayne, Tresourer, and Controller.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +do honour to strangers,</span> +<p>¶ Also the marshall must take heed vnto straungers, & put them to +worshyp & reuerence; for and they haue good chere it is your +soueraynes honour.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and receive a Messenger from the King as if one degree higher than he +is, for a King’s groom may sit at a Knight’s table.</span> +<p>¶ Also a Marshall muste take hede yf the kynge sende to your +souerayne ony message; and yf he send a knyght, receyue hym as a baron; +and yf he sende a squyre, receyue hym as a knyght / and yf he sende you +a yoman, receyue hym as a squyer / and yf he sende you a grome, receyue +hym as a yoman.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">172</span> +<a name="page172" id="page172"> </a> +<!-- png 294 --> + +<p>¶ Also it is noo rebuke to a knyght to sette a grome of the kynge at +his table.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Here ends this Book</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ Here endeth the boke of seruyce, & keruynge, and sewynge, and all +maner of offyce in his kynde vnto a prynce or ony other estate, & +all the feestes in the yere. +<span class="sidenote"> +printed by Wynkyn de Worde.</span> +Enprynted by wynkyn de worde at London in Flete strete at the sygne of +the sonne. +<span class="sidenote"> +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1513.</span> +The yere of our lorde god M.CCCCC.xiij.</p> + +<p class="center">[<b>Wynkyn .de. worde’s</b> device here.]</p> + +</div> <!-- end div prose --> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="keruyng_note_1a" id="keruyng_note_1a" href="#keruyng_tag_1a">1*.</a> +See above, in the <a href="#keruyng_tag_trencher">Keruynge of +Flesshe</a>, p. 157, lines 5 and 4 from the bottom.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_a" id="keruyng_note_a" href="#keruyng_tag_a">*</a> +The feast of St John’s Beheading is on Aug. 29.</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">173</span> +<a name="page173" id="page173"> </a> +<!-- png 295 --> + +<div class="linenote"> + +<h4><a name="keruyng_notes" id="keruyng_notes">NOTES.</a></h4> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p>Wynkyn de Worde introduces some dishes, sauces, fish, and one wine, +not mentioned by Russell.</p> + +<p>The new <i>Dishes</i> are—</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_fayge" id="keruyng_note_fayge" href="#keruyng_tag_fayge"><i>Fayge</i></a> (p. 157, l. 10). This may be +for <i>Sage</i>, the herb, or a variety of Fritter, like <i>Fruyter +vaunte</i> (p. 157, l. 2; p. 159, l. 24), <i>fruyter +say</i> (p. 159, l. 24), or a dish that I cannot find, or a +way of spelling figs.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_fruytersay" id="keruyng_note_fruytersay" +href="#keruyng_tag_fruytersay"><i>Fruyter say</i></a>, p. 159, l. 24. +If <i>say</i> is not for <i>Sage</i>, then it may be a fish, contrasted +with the <i>vaunte</i>, which I suppose to mean ‘meat.’ <i>Sey</i> is a +Scotch name for the Coalfish, <i>Merlangus Carbonarius</i>. Yarrell, ii. +251.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_charlet" id="keruyng_note_charlet" href="#keruyng_tag_charlet"><i>Charlet</i></a> (p. 159, l. 28). The recipe in +‘Household Ordinances,’ p. 463, is, Take swete cowe mylk and put +into a panne, and cast in therto ȝolkes of eyren and the white also, and +sothen porke brayed, and sage; and let hit boyle tyl hit crudde, and +colour it with saffron, and dresse hit up, and serve hit forthe.” +Another recipe for Charlet Enforsed follows, and there are others for +Charlet and Charlet icoloured, in Liber Cure, p. 11.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_jowtes" id="keruyng_note_jowtes" href="#keruyng_tag_jowtes"><i>Jowtes</i></a>, p. 160, last line. These are +broths of beef or fish boiled with chopped boiled herbs and bread, +<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 461. Others are made ‘with swete almond +mylke,’ <i>ib.</i> See ‘Joutus de Almonde,’ p. 15, <i>Liber +Cure</i>. For ‘Joutes’ p. 47; ‘for oþer ioutes,’ p. 48.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_browes" id="keruyng_note_browes" href="#keruyng_tag_browes"><i>Browes</i></a>, p. 160, last line. This is +doubtless the Brus of Household Ordinances, p. 427, and the +<i>bruys</i> of Liber Cure, p. 19, l. 3, brewis, or broth. +Brus was made of chopped pig’s-inwards, leeks, onions, bread, blood, +vinegar. For ‘Brewewes in Somere’ see <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 453.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_chewet" id="keruyng_note_chewet" href="#keruyng_tag_chewet"><i>Chewettes</i></a>, p. 161, l. 4, were small +pies of chopped-up livers of pigs, hens, and capons, fried in grease, +mixed with hard eggs and ginger, and then fried or baked. <i>Household +Ordinances</i>, p. 442, and <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 41. The +Chewets for fish days were similar pies of chopped turbot, haddock, and +cod, ground dates, raisins, prunes, powder and salt, fried in oil, and +boiled in sugar and wine. <i>L. Cure</i>, p. 41. Markham’s +Recipe for ‘A Chewet Pye’ is at p. 80-1 of his <i>English +Houswife</i>. <i>Chewit</i>, or small Pie; minced or otherwise. +R. Holme. See also two recipes in MS. Harl. 279, fol. 38.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_flawn" id="keruyng_note_flawn" href="#keruyng_tag_flawn"><i>Flaunes</i></a> (p. 161, l. 4) were Cheesecakes, +made of ground cheese beaten up with eggs and sugar, coloured with +saffron, and baked in ‘cofyns’ or crusts. ‘A Flaune of Almayne’ or +‘Crustade’ was a more elaborate preparation of dried or fresh raisins +and pears or apples pounded, with cream, eggs, bread, spices, and +butter, strained and baked in ‘a faire coffyn or two.’ +<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 452. ‘Pro Caseo ad <i>flauns</i> qualibet +die . panis j’ (allowance of). <i>Register of Worcester Priory</i>, fol. +121 <i>a.</i> ed. Hale, 1865. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_161">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +Of new <i>Sauces</i>, Wynkyn de Worde names <a name="keruyng_note_gelopere" id="keruyng_note_gelopere" href="#keruyng_tag_gelopere"><i>Gelopere</i></a> & <i>Pegyll</i> +(p. 165, l. 4). Gelopere I cannot find, and can only suggest +that its <i>p</i> may be for <i>f</i>, and that “cloves of gelofer,” the +clove-gillyflower, may have been the basis of it. These cloves were +stuck in ox tongues, see “Lange de beof,” <i>Liber Cure</i>, p. 26. +<span class="pagenum">174</span> +<a name="page174" id="page174"> </a> +<!-- png 296 --> +Muffett also recommends Gilly-flour Vinegar as the best sauce for +sturgeon in summer, p. 172; and Vinegar of Clove-Gilliflowers is +mentioned by Culpepper, p. 97, Physical Directory, 1649.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_pegyll" id="keruyng_note_pegyll" href="#keruyng_tag_pegyll"><i>Pegylle</i></a> I take to be the <i>Pykulle</i> +of Liber Cure Cocorum, p. 31, made thus;</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>‘Take droppyng of capone rostyd wele</p> +<p>With wyne and mustarde, as have Þou cele [bliss],</p> +<p>With onyons smalle schrad, and sothun in grece,</p> +<p>Meng alle in fere, and forthe hit messe.’</p> +</div> + +<p>The new <i>Wine</i> is <a name="keruyng_note_campolet" id="keruyng_note_campolet" href="#keruyng_tag_campolet"><i>Campolet</i></a>, p. 153. Henderson does not +mention it; Halliwell has ‘<i>Campletes</i>. A kind of wine, +mentioned in a curious list in MS. Rawl. C. 86.’ [See the <a class="external" href="#nurture_linenote_wine">list in the Notes +to Russell</a>, above, p. 86.] I suppose it to be the wine +from ‘<i>Campole</i>. The name of a certaine white grape, which hath +very white kernels.’ Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Of new <i>Fish</i> W. de Worde names the <i>Salens</i> (p. 166, +l. 8), <i>Cottell</i> and <a name="keruyng_note_tench" id="keruyng_note_tench" href="#keruyng_tag_tench"><i>Tench</i></a> +(p. 167). Torrentyne he makes <i>sele turrentyne</i> (p. 166, +l. 8 from bottom) seemingly, but has <i>turrentyne salte</i> as a +fish salted, at p. 168, l. 7.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_cottell" id="keruyng_note_cottell" href="#keruyng_tag_cottell"><i>Cottell</i></a>, p. 168, l. 14, the +cuttlefish. Of these, <i>Sepiæ vel Lolligines calamariæ</i>, Muffet +says, they are called also ‘sleewes’ for their shape, and ‘scribes’ for +their incky humour wherewith they are replenished, and are commended by +Galen for great nourishers; their skins be as smooth as any womans, but +their flesh is brawny as any ploughmans; therefore I fear me Galen +rather commended them upon hear-say then upon any just cause or true +experience.</p> + +<p>For the <a name="keruyng_note_salens" id="keruyng_note_salens" +href="#keruyng_tag_salens"><i>Salens</i></a> I can only suggest +thunny. Aldrovandi, <i>de Piscibus</i>, treating of the synonyms of the +Salmon, p. 482, says, “Græcam salmonis nomenclaturam non inuenio, +neq<i>ue</i> est quod id miretur curiosus lector, cum in Oceano +tantu<i>m</i> flumi<i>n</i>ibusq<i>ue</i> in eum se exonerantibus +reperiatur, ad quæ veteres Græci nunquam penetr<i>a</i>runt. Qui +voluerit, <i>Salangem</i> appellare poterit. <span class="greek" title="Salanx (printed Σαλάχξ Salachx)">Σαλαγξ</span> enim boni, id est, +delicati piscis nomen legitur apud Hesychium, nec præterea qui sit, +explicatur: aut a migrandi natura <span class="greek" title="katanadromos">κατανάδρομος</span>, vel <span class="greek" title="dromas">δρόμας</span> fluviatilis dicatur, nam Aristoteles in mari +dromades vocat Thunnos aliosq<i>ue</i> gregales, qui aliunde in Pontum +excurrunt, et vix vno loco conquiescunt; aut nomen fingatur a saltu, +& <span class="greek" title="almôn">ἄλμων</span> dicitur. Non +placet tamen, salmonis nomen a saltu deduci, aut etiam á sale, licet +saliendi natura ei optimè quadret saleq<i>ue</i> aut muria inueturaria +etiam soleat. Non enim latine sed a Germanis Belgisuè Rheni accolis, aut +Gallis Aquitanicis accepta vox est.” See also p. 318, ‘Scardula, et +Iucohia ex Pigis, et Plota, Sale<i>n</i>a.’ <i>Gesner, de Piscibus</i>, +p. 273. Can <i>salens</i> be the Greek ‘<span class="greek" title="sôlên">σωλην</span>, a shell-fish, perhaps like the razor-fish. +Epich. p. 22.’—Liddell and Scott—? I presume not. +‘<i>Solen.</i> The flesh is sweet; they may be eaten fryed or boiled.’ +1661, R. Lovell, <i>Hist. of Animals</i>, p. 240. ‘<i>Solen</i>: A +genus of bivalve mollusks, having a long slender shell; razor-fish.’ +Webster’s Dict.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_turrentyne" id="keruyng_note_turrentyne" +href="#keruyng_tag_turrentyne"><i>Sele turrentyne</i></a>, p. 166, +l<ins class="mycorr" title="text has ,">. </ins>8 from bottom. +Seemingly a variety of seal, or of eel or sole if <i>sele</i> is a +misprint. But I cannot suggest any fish for it.</p> + +<p><a name="keruyng_note_rochet" id="keruyng_note_rochet" href="#keruyng_tag_rochet"><i>Rochets</i></a>, p. 167, l. 5. +<i>Rubelliones.</i> <i>Rochets</i> (or rather Rougets, because they are +so red) differ from Gurnards and Curs, in that they are redder by a +great deal, and also lesser; they are of the like flesh and goodness, +yet better fryed with onions, butter, and vinegar, then sodden. Muffett, +p. 166.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div linenote --> + +</div> <!-- end div selection deworde --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">175</span> +<a name="page175" id="page175"> </a> +<!-- png 297 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="boke_curtasye" id="boke_curtasye"> +<img src="images/page175header.png" width="358" height="108" +alt="The Boke of Curtasye." +title="The Boke of Curtasye."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +FROM THE SLOANE MS. 1986 IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM,<br> +AB. 1460 A.D.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">176</span> +<a name="page176" id="page176"> </a> +<!-- png 298 --> + +<h4><a name="contents_curtasye" id="contents_curtasye"> +CONTENTS.</a></h4> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td class="number smallroman" colspan="2">PAGE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#curtasye_begin">Here begynneth<i>e</i> þe <span class="smallroman">FYRST BOKE</span> of <span class="smallroman">CURTASYE</span></a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page177">177</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class="smallroman"><a href="#curtasye_second"> +THE SECOND BOOK</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page181">181</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p class="smallroman">THE THIRD BOOK:</p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_officers">De officiarijs in curijs +d<i>omi</i>no<i>rum</i></a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page187">187</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_porter">De Ianitor<i>e</i></a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page188">188</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_marshal">De Marescallo aule</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page188">188</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_fire">P<i>er</i> q<i>uan</i>tu<i>m</i> +te<i>m</i>p<i>us</i> armig<i>er</i>i h<i>ab</i>eb<i>un</i>t +lib<i>er</i>ata<i>m</i> <i>et</i> ignis ardeb<i>i</i>t i<i>n</i> +a<i>ul</i>a</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page189">189</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_servants">De pinc<i>er</i>nario, panetario, +<i>et</i> cocis sibi s<i>er</i>uie<i>n</i>tib<i>us</i></a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page190">190</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_butler">De offic<i>i</i>o +pinc<i>er</i>narij</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page190">190</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_usher">De hostiario <i>et</i> suis +s<i>er</i>uientib<i>us</i></a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page190">190</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_groom">De Offic<i>i</i>o +garc<i>i</i>onu<i>m</i></a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page191">191</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_steward">De seneschallo</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page194">194</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_controller">De +cont<i>ra</i>rotulatore</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page195">195</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_steward">De sup<i>er</i>uisore</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page195">195</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_kitchen">De Clerico coquine</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page195">195</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_chancellor">De cancellario</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page195">195</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_treasurer">De thesaurizario</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page196">196</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_receiver">De receptore +firmar<i>um</i></a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page197">197</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_avener">De Auenario</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page197">197</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_baker">De pistore</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page198">198</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_huntsman">De venatore <i>et</i> suis +canib<i>us</i></a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page198">198</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_ewerer">De aquario</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page199">199</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_wash">Qui d<i>eb</i>ent manus lauar<i>e</i> +<i>et</i> i<i>n</i> q<i>u</i>or<i>um</i> domib<i>us</i></a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page199">199</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_panter">De panetario</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page200">200</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_knives">De Cultellis d<i>omi</i>ni</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page200">200</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_almoner">De Elemosinario</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page201">201</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_sewer">De ferculario</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page202">202</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset"> +<p><a href="#curtasye_chandler">De candelario</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page204">204</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">177</span> +<a name="page177" id="page177"> </a> +<!-- png 299 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="curtasye_begin" id="curtasye_begin"> +<img src="images/page177header.png" width="209" height="33" +alt="The boke of Curtasye." title="The boke of Curtasye."> +</a></p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<p><span class="midcap">H</span>Ere begynneth<i>e</i> þe fyrst boke of +curtasye.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza"> +[Fol. 12.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +In this book you may learn Courtesy. Every one needs it.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="supercap">Q</span>wo +so wylle of curtasy ler<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>In this boke he may hit her<i>e</i>!</p> +<p>Yf thow be gentylmon, ȝomo<i>n</i>, or knaue,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_4" id="curt_line_4">4</a></span> +<p>The nedis nurture for to haue.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +On reaching a Lord’s gate, give the Porter your weapon, and ask leave to +go in.</span> +<p>Wheñ thou comes to a lordis ȝate,</p> +<p>The porter þ<i>o</i>u shall<i>e</i> fynde ther-ate;</p> +<p>Take hym thow shalt þy wepyn tho,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_8" id="curt_line_8">8</a></span> +<p>And aske hym leue in to go</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ To speke w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> lorde, lady, squyer, or grome.</p> +<p>Ther-to the nedys to take the tome<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_1" id="curt_tag_1" href="#curt_note_1">1</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If the master is of low degree, he will come to you: if of high, the +Porter will take you to him.</span> +<p>For yf he be of logh<i>e</i> degre,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_12" id="curt_line_12">12</a></span> +<p>Than hym falles to come to the;</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf he be gentylmo<i>n</i> of kyñ,</p> +<p>The porter wille lede the to hym.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +At the Hall-door, take off your hood and gloves.</span> +<p>When thow come tho halle dor to,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_16" id="curt_line_16">16</a></span> +<p>Do of thy hode, thy gloues also;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +greet the Steward, &c., at the dais,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf þo halle be at the furst mete,</p> +<p>This lessou<i>n</i> loke thow noȝt for-ȝete:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +greet the Steward, &c., at the dais,</span> +<p>Þe stuard, countroller, and tresurer<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_20" id="curt_line_20">20</a></span> +<p>Sittand at de deshe, þ<i>o</i>u haylse in fere.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +bow to the Gentlemen on each side of the hall.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>iñ þe hall<i>e</i> sett on ayther side,</p> +<p>Sitten other ge<i>n</i>tylme<i>n</i> as fall<i>es</i> þ<i>a</i>t +tyde;</p> +<p>Enclyne þe fayre to hom also,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +both right</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_24" id="curt_line_24">24</a></span> +<p>First to the ryȝht honde þ<i>o</i>u shall<i>e</i> go,</p> +<span class="pagenum">178</span> +<a name="page178" id="page178"> </a> +<!-- png 300 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and left;</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Sitthen to þo left honde þy neghe þ<i>o</i>u cast;</p> +<p>To hom þ<i>o</i>u bogh<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen wrast<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_2" id="curt_tag_2" href="#curt_note_2">2</a>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +notice the yeomen, then stand before the screen</span> +<p>Take hede to ȝomo<i>n</i> on þy ryght honde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_28" id="curt_line_28">28</a></span> +<p>And sithen byfor<i>e</i> the screne þ<i>o</i>u stonde</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ In myddys þe halle opon þe flore,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +till the Marshal or Usher leads you to the table.</span> +<p>Whille marshall<i>e</i> or vssher come fro þe dore,</p> +<p>And bydde the sitte, or to borde the lede.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +HOW TO BEHAVE AT TABLE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be sedate and courteous if you are set with the gentlemen.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_32" id="curt_line_32">32</a></span> +<p>Be stabull<i>e</i> of chere for menske<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_3" id="curt_tag_3" href="#curt_note_3">3</a>, y rede;</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf he þe sette at gentilmo<i>n</i>nes borde,</p> +<p>Loke þ<i>o</i>u be hynde<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_4" id="curt_tag_4" href="#curt_note_4">4</a> and lytull<i>e</i> of +worde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Cut your loaf in two, the top from the bottom;</span> +<p>Pare þy brede and kerue in two,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_36" id="curt_line_36">36</a></span> +<p>Tho ou<i>er</i> crust þo nether fro;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +cut the top crust in 4, and the bottom in 3.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ In fowre þ<i>o</i>u kutt þo ou<i>er</i> dole,</p> +<p>Sett hom to-gedur as h<i>i</i>t where hole;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +cut the top crust in 4, and the bottom in 3.</span> +<p>Sithen kutt þo nether crust in thre,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_40" id="curt_line_40">40</a></span> +<p>And t<i>ur</i>ne h<i>i</i>t dowñ, lerne þis at me.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Put your trencher before you,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ And lay thy trencho<i>ur</i> þe be-fore,</p> +<p>And sitt vp-ryȝht for any sore.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t eat or drink till your Mess is brought from the kitchen, lest +you be thought starved or a glutton.</span> +<p>Spare brede or wyne, drynke or ale,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_44" id="curt_line_44">44</a></span> +<p>To thy messe of kochyñ be sett in sale;</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Lest men sayne þ<i>o</i>u art hong<i>ur</i> beteñ,</p> +<p>Or ellis a gloten þ<i>a</i>t all<i>e</i> me<i>n</i> wyteñ,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Have your nails clean.</span> +<p>Loke þy naylys ben clene in blythe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_48" id="curt_line_48">48</a></span> +<p>Lest þy felagh<i>e</i> lothe ther-wyth.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t bite your bread,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Byt not on thy brede and lay h<i>i</i>t dou<i>n</i>,—</p> +<p>That is no curteyse to vse in towñ;—</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but break it.</span> +<p>But breke as mych<i>e</i> as þ<i>o</i>u wyll<i>e</i> ete,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_52" id="curt_line_52">52</a></span> +<p>The remelant to pore þ<i>o</i>u shall<i>e</i> lete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t quarrel at table,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ In peese þ<i>o</i>u ete, and eu<i>er</i> eschewe</p> +<p>To flyte<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_5" id="curt_tag_5" href="#curt_note_5">5</a> at borde; þ<i>a</i>t may þe rewe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or make grimaces.</span> +<p>Yf þ<i>o</i>u make mawes<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_6" id="curt_tag_6" href="#curt_note_6">6</a> on any wyse,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_56" id="curt_line_56">56</a></span> +<p>A velany þ<i>o</i>u kacches or eu<i>er</i> þ<i>o</i>u rise.</p> +<span class="pagenum">179</span> +<a name="page179" id="page179"> </a> +<!-- png 301 --> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 13.]</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Let neu<i>er</i> þy cheke be Made to grete</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t cram your cheeks out with food like an ape,</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> morsell<i>e</i> of brede þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u +shall<i>e</i> ete;</p> +<p>An apys mow men sayne he makes,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_60" id="curt_line_60">60</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t brede and flesshe in hys cheke bakes.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +for if any one should speak to you, you can’t answer, but must +wait.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf any mañ speke þ<i>a</i>t tyme to the,</p> +<p>And þ<i>o</i>u schall<i>e</i> onsware, h<i>i</i>t will<i>e</i> not +be</p> +<p>But waloande, and a-byde þ<i>o</i>u most;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_64" id="curt_line_64">64</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t is a schame for alle the host.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t eat on both sides of your mouth.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ On bothe halfe þy mouthe, yf þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u ete,</p> +<p>Mony a skorne shall<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u gete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t laugh with your mouth full,</span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u shall<i>e</i> not lauȝhe ne speke no þyng<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_68" id="curt_line_68">68</a></span> +<p>Whille þi mouthe be full<i>e</i> of mete or drynke;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or sup up your potage noisily.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Ne suppe not w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> grete sowndyng<i>e</i></p> +<p>Noþer potage ne oþer þyng<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t leave your spoon in the dish or on its side,</span> +<p>Let not þi spone stond in þy dysche,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_72" id="curt_line_72">72</a></span> +<p>Wheþ<i>er</i> þ<i>o</i>u be s<i>er</i>ued w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> fleshe +or fische;</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Ne lay hit not on thy dishe syde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but clean your spoon.</span> +<p>But clense h<i>i</i>t honestly w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen pride.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Let no dirt off your fingers soil the cloth.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +[p. 27, bot.]</span> +<p>Loke no browyng<i>e</i> on þy fyng<i>ur</i> þore</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_76" id="curt_line_76">76</a></span> +<p>Defoule þe clothe þe be-fore.</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ In þi dysche yf þ<i>o</i>u wete þy brede,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t put into the dish bread that you have once bitten.</span> +<p>Loke þ<i>er</i>-of þat noȝt be lede</p> +<p>To cast agayne þy dysche in-to;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_80" id="curt_line_80">80</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u art vn-hynde yf þ<i>o</i>u do so.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Dry your mouth before you drink.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Drye þy mouthe ay wele <i>and</i> fynde</p> +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u schall<i>e</i> drynke oþ<i>er</i> ale or wyne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t call for a dish once removed,</span> +<p>Ne calle þ<i>o</i>u noȝt a dysche a-ȝayne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_84" id="curt_line_84">84</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t ys take fro þe borde in playne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or spit on the table:</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Ȝif þ<i>o</i>u sp[i]tt ou<i>er</i> the borde, or ell<i>es</i> +opoñ,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +that’s rude.</span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u schall<i>e</i> be holden an vncurtayse mon;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t scratch your dog.</span> +<p>Yf þy nowñ dogge þ<i>o</i>u scrape or clawe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_88" id="curt_line_88">88</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t is holden a vyse emong men knawe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If you blow your nose,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf þy nose þ<i>o</i>u clense, as may be-falle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +clean your hand; wipe it with your skirt or put it through your +tippet.</span> +<p>Loke þy honde þ<i>o</i>u clense, as wyth<i>e</i>-alle,</p> +<p>Priuely w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> skyrt do hit away,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_92" id="curt_line_92">92</a></span> +<p>Oþ<i>er</i> ellis thurgh<i>e</i> thi tepet þ<i>a</i>t is so gay.</p> +<span class="pagenum">180</span> +<a name="page180" id="page180"> </a> +<!-- png 302 --> + +<span class="headnote"> +HOW TO BEHAVE AT MEALS.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t pick your teeth at meals,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Clense not thi tethe at mete sittande,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> knyfe ne stre, styk ne wande.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or drink with food in your mouth,</span> +<p>While þ<i>o</i>u holdes mete i<i>n</i> mouthe, be war</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_96" id="curt_line_96">96</a></span> +<p>To drynke, þ<i>a</i>t is an-honest<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_7" id="curt_tag_7" href="#curt_note_7">7</a> char,</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ And also fysike for-bedes hit,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +as you may get choked,</span> +<p>And sais þ<i>o</i>u may be choket at þ<i>a</i>t byt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or killed, by its stopping your wind.</span> +<p>Yf hit go þy wrang throte into,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_100" id="curt_line_100">100</a></span> +<p>And stoppe þy wynde, þ<i>o</i>u art fordo.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Tell no tale to harm or shame your companions.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Ne telle þ<i>o</i>u neu<i>er</i> at borde no tale</p> +<p>To harme or shame þy felawe i<i>n</i> sale;</p> +<p>For if he then w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>holde his methe<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_8" id="curt_tag_8" href="#curt_note_8">8</a>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_104" id="curt_line_104">104</a></span> +<p>Eftsons he wyll<i>e</i> forcast þi dethe.</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Where-ser<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u sitt at mete in borde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t stroke the cat or dog.</span> +<p>Avoide þe cat at on bar<i>e</i> worde</p> +<p>For yf þ<i>o</i>u stroke cat oþ<i>er</i> dogge,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_108" id="curt_line_108">108</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u art lyke an ape teyȝed w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a clogge.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t dirty the table cloth with your knife.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Also <i>es</i>chewe, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen stryfe,</p> +<p>To foule þe borde clothe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi knyfe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t blow on your food,</span> +<p>Ne blow not on þy drynke ne mete,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_112" id="curt_line_112">112</a></span> +<p>Neþ<i>er</i> for colde, neþer for hete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or put your knife in your mouth,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mete ne bere þy knyfe to mowthe,</p> +<p>Wheþ<i>er</i> þ<i>o</i>u be sett be strong or couthe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 14.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or wipe your teeth or eyes with the table cloth.</span> +<p>Ne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þo borde clothe þi tethe þ<i>o</i>u wype,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_116" id="curt_line_116">116</a></span> +<p>Ne þy nyen þ<i>a</i>t rennen rede, as may betyde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If you sit by a good man,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf þ<i>o</i>u sitt by a ryȝht good mañ,</p> +<p>Þis lessoñ loke þou þenke apoñ:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t put your knee under his thigh.</span> +<p>Vndur his theȝghe þy kne not pit,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_120" id="curt_line_120">120</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u ar full<i>e</i> lewed yf þ<i>o</i>u dose hit.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t hand your cup to any one with your back towards him.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Ne bacwarde sittande gyf noȝt þy cupe,</p> +<p>Noþ<i>er</i> to drynke, noþ<i>er</i> to suppe;</p> +<p>Bidde þi frende take cuppe and drynke,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_124" id="curt_line_124">124</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t is holden an-honest thyng.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t lean on your elbow,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Lene not on elbowe at þy mete,</p> +<p>Noþ<i>er</i> for colde ne for hete;</p> +<span class="pagenum">181</span> +<a name="page181" id="page181"> </a> +<!-- png 303 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or dip your thumb into your drink, or your food into the salt +cellar:</span> +<p>Dip not þi thombe þy drynke i<i>n</i>to,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_128" id="curt_line_128">128</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u art vncurtayse yf þ<i>o</i>u hit do;</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ In salt saler yf þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u pit</p> +<p>Oþ<i>er</i> fisshe or flesshe þ<i>a</i>t me<i>n</i> may wyt,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +That is a vice.</span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t is a vyce, as me<i>n</i> me telles,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_132" id="curt_line_132">132</a></span> +<p>And gret wonder h<i>i</i>t most be elles.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t spit in the basin you wash in</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ After mete when þ<i>o</i>u shalt wasshe,</p> +<p>Spitt not in basyn, ne wat<i>er</i> þ<i>o</i>u dasshe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or loosely (?) before a man of God.</span> +<p>Ne spit not lorely, for no kyn mede,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_136" id="curt_line_136">136</a></span> +<p>Be-fore no mo<i>n</i> of god for drede.</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Who so eu<i>er</i> despise þis lessoun ryȝt,</p> +<p>At borde to sitt he hase no myȝt.</p> +<p>Here endys now our<i>e</i> fyrst talkyng,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_140" id="curt_line_140">140</a></span> +<p>Crist graunt vs alle his der<i>e</i> blessyng!</p> + +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Her<i>e</i> endith<i>e</i> þe [first] boke of curtasye.</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<span class="headnote"> +HOW TO BEHAVE AT CHURCH, TO PARENTS, ETC.</span> + +<h4><a name="curtasye_second" id="curtasye_second"> +THE SECOND BOOK.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If you go to school</span> +<p><span class="supercap">Y</span>F that þ<i>o</i>u be a ȝong +enfaunt,</p> +<p>And thenke þo scoles for to haunt,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +you shall learn:</span> +<p>This lessou<i>n</i> schall<i>e</i> þy maist<i>ur</i> þe merke,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +1. Cross of Christ,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_144" id="curt_line_144">144</a></span> +<p>Croscrist<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_8a" id="curt_tag_8a" +href="#curt_note_8a">8a</a> þe spede in all<i>e</i> þi werke;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +2. Pater Noster,</span> +<p>Sytthen þy <i>pater n</i>oste<i>r</i> he wille þe teche,</p> +<p>As cristes owne postles con preche;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +3. Hail Mary and the Creed,</span> +<p>Aft<i>ur</i> þy Aue mar<i>ia</i> and þi crede,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_148" id="curt_line_148">148</a></span> +<p>Þat shall<i>e</i> þe saue at dome of drede;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +4. In the name of the Trinity,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Theñ aft<i>ur</i> to blesse þe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe +t<i>r</i>inité,</p> +<p>In no<i>m</i>i<i>n</i>e p<i>at</i>ris teche he wille þe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +5. of the Apostles,</span> +<p>Þen w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> marke, mathew, luke, <i>and</i> Ion,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_152" id="curt_line_152">152</a></span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe þ<i>er</i> cruc<i>is</i> and the hegh name;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +6. the Confession.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ To schryue þe in gen<i>er</i>al þ<i>o</i>u schall<i>e</i> lere</p> +<p>Þy Confiteor and misereat<i>ur</i> in fer<i>e</i>.</p> +<span class="pagenum">182</span> +<a name="page182" id="page182"> </a> +<!-- png 304 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Seek the kingdom of God, and</span> +<p>To seche þe kyngdam of god, my chylde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_156" id="curt_line_156">156</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>to y rede þ<i>o</i>u be not wylde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +worship Him.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Ther-for<i>e</i> worschip god, bothe olde <i>and</i> ȝong,</p> +<p>To be in body and soule yliche strong<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +At church, take holy water;</span> +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u comes to þo chirche dore,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_160" id="curt_line_160">160</a></span> +<p>Take þe haly wat<i>er</i> stondand on flor<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +pray for all Christian companions;</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Rede or synge or byd p<i>ra</i>yeris</p> +<p>To crist, for all<i>e</i> þy crysten ferys;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +kneel to God on both knees,</span> +<p>Be curtayse to god, and knele dou<i>n</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_164" id="curt_line_164">164</a></span> +<p>On bothe knees w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> grete deuociou<i>n</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +to man only on one.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ To mo<i>n</i> þ<i>o</i>u shall<i>e</i> knele opon þe toñ,</p> +<p>Þe toþ<i>er</i> to þy self þ<i>o</i>u halde aloñ.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +At the Altar, serve the priest with both hands.</span> +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u ministers at þe hegh<i>e</i> aut<i>er</i>e,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_168" id="curt_line_168">168</a></span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bothe hondes þ<i>o</i>u s<i>er</i>ue þ<i>o</i> +p<i>re</i>st in fere,</p> +<p>Þe ton to stabull<i>e</i> þe toþ<i>er</i></p> +<p>Lest þ<i>o</i>u fayle, my dere broþ<i>er</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Speak gently to your father and mother, and honour them.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Anoþ<i>er</i> curtayse y wylle þe teche,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 15.]</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_172" id="curt_line_172">172</a></span> +<p>Thy fadur And modur, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mylde speche,</p> +<p>In worschip and s<i>er</i>ue w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> all<i>e</i> þy +myȝt,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t þou dwelle þe lengur in erthely lyȝt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Do to others as you would they should do to you.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ To anoþ<i>er</i> ma<i>n</i> do no mor<i>e</i> amys</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_176" id="curt_line_176">176</a></span> +<p>Then þ<i>o</i>u woldys be doñ of hym <i>and</i> hys;</p> +<p>So crist þ<i>o</i>u pleses, <i>and</i> get<i>es</i> þe loue</p> +<p>Of meñ <i>and</i> god þ<i>a</i>t sytt<i>is</i> aboue.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t be foolishly meek.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Be not to meke, but i<i>n</i> mene þe holde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_180" id="curt_line_180">180</a></span> +<p>For ellis a fole þ<i>o</i>u wyll<i>e</i> be tolde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The seed of the righteous shall</span> +<p>He þ<i>a</i>t to ryȝtwysnes wylle enclyne,</p> +<p>As holy wryȝt says vs wele and fyne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +never beg or be shamed.</span> +<p>His sede schall<i>e</i> neu<i>er</i> go seche hor brede,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_184" id="curt_line_184">184</a></span> +<p>Ne suffur of mo<i>n</i> no shames dede.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be ready forgive,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ To for-gyf þ<i>o</i>u shall<i>e</i> þe hast;</p> +<p>To veniaunce loke þ<i>o</i>u come on last;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and fond of peace.</span> +<p>Draw þe to pese w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> all<i>e</i> þy strengþe;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_188" id="curt_line_188">188</a></span> +<p>Fro stryf and bate draw þe on lengþe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If you cannot give an asker goods,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf mo<i>n</i> aske þe good for goddys sake,</p> +<p>And þe wont thyng<i>e</i> wher-of to take,</p> +<span class="pagenum">183</span> +<a name="page183" id="page183"> </a> +<!-- png 305 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +give him good words.</span> +<p>Gyf hym bon<i>er</i> wordys on fayre maner<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_192" id="curt_line_192">192</a></span> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>semblaunt</i>] MS. semblamt</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> glad <span class="texttag">semblaunt</span> +<i>and</i> pure good cher.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be willing to help every one.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Also of s<i>er</i>uice þ<i>o</i>u shall<i>e</i> be fre</p> +<p>To eu<i>er</i>y mo<i>n</i> in hys degré.</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u schall<i>e</i> neu<i>er</i> lose for to be kynde;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_196" id="curt_line_196">196</a></span> +<p>That on forȝet<i>is</i>, anoþ<i>er</i> hase in mynde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Give your partner his fair share.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf Any ma<i>n</i> haue part w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe i<i>n</i> gyft,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym þ<i>o</i>u make an euen skyft;</p> +<p>Let hit not henge in honde for glose,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_200" id="curt_line_200">200</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u art vncurtayse yf þ<i>o</i>u hyt dose.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Go on the <ins class="mycorr" title="‘pilgrim/ages’ at line break">pilgrimages</ins> (?) you vow to saints,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ To saynt<i>is</i> yf þ<i>o</i>u þy gate hase hyȝt,</p> +<p>Thou schall<i>e</i> fulfylle h<i>i</i>t w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +all<i>e</i> þy myȝt,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +lest God take vengeance on you.</span> +<p>Lest god þe stryk w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> grete veniaunce,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_204" id="curt_line_204">204</a></span> +<p>And pyt þe in-to sore penaunce.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t believe all who speak fair:</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Leue not all<i>e</i> me<i>n</i> that speke þe fayre,</p> +<p>Wheþ<i>er</i> þ<i>a</i>t h<i>i</i>t ben comyns, burges, or +mayr<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +the Serpent spoke fair words (to Eve).</span> +<p>In swete wordis þe nedder was closet,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_208" id="curt_line_208">208</a></span> +<p>Disseyuaunt euer and mysloset;</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>-fore þ<i>o</i>u art of adams blode,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be cautious with your words, except when angry.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wordis be ware, but þ<i>o</i>u be wode:</p> +<p>A schort worde is comynly sothe</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_212" id="curt_line_212">212</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t fyrst slydes fro mo<i>n</i>nes tothe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t lie, but keep your word.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Loke lyȝer neu<i>er</i> þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u be-come,</p> +<p>Kepe þys worde for all<i>e</i> and somme.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t laugh too often,</span> +<p>Lawȝe not to of[t] for no solace,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_216" id="curt_line_216">216</a></span> +<p>For no kyn myrth<i>e</i> þ<i>a</i>t any ma<i>n</i> mase;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or you’ll be called a shrew or a fool.</span> +<p>Who lawes all<i>e</i> þ<i>a</i>t me<i>n</i> may se,</p> +<p>A schrew or a fole hym semes to be.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Man’s 3 enemies are:</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Thre enmys in þys worlde þ<i>er</i> ar<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_220" id="curt_line_220">220</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t coueyteñ alle me<i>n</i> to for-fare,—</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +the Devil, the Flesh, and the World.</span> +<p>The deuel, þe flesshe, þe worlde also,</p> +<p>That wyrkyn mankynde ful mykyl wo:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Destroy these, and be sure of heaven.</span> +<p>Yf þ<i>o</i>u may strye þes þre enmys,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_224" id="curt_line_224">224</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u may be secur of heueñ blys.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +THE RULE OF GOOD MANNERS.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t strive with your lord,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Also, my chylde, a-gaynes þy lorde</p> +<p>Loke þ<i>o</i>u stryfe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no kyn w<i>o</i>rde,</p> +<span class="pagenum">184</span> +<a name="page184" id="page184"> </a> +<!-- png 306 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or bet or play with him.</span> +<p>Ne waiour non w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym þ<i>o</i>u lay,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_228" id="curt_line_228">228</a></span> +<p>Ne at þe dyces w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym to play.</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Hym that þ<i>o</i>u knawes of grett<i>er</i> state,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 16.]</span> +<p>Be not hys felaw in rest ne bate.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +In a strange place</span> +<p>Ȝif þ<i>o</i>u be stad in strange contré,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t be too inquisitive or fussy.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_232" id="curt_line_232">232</a></span> +<p>Enserche no fyr þen fall<i>es</i> to the,</p> +<p>Ne take no more to do on honde</p> +<p>Þen þ<i>o</i>u may hafe menske of all<i>e</i> i<i>n</i> londe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If a man falls, don’t laugh, but help him up:</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Ȝif þ<i>o</i>u se any mon fal by strete,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_236" id="curt_line_236">236</a></span> +<p>Lawegh<i>e</i> not þer-at in drye ne wete,</p> +<p>But helpe hym vp w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> all<i>e</i> þy myȝt,</p> +<p>As seynt Ambrose þe teches ryȝt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +your own head may fall to your feet.</span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u that stondys so sure on sete,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_240" id="curt_line_240">240</a></span> +<p>War<i>e</i> lest þy hede falle to þy fete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +At the Mass, if the priest doesn’t please you,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ My chylde, yf þ<i>o</i>u stonde at þo masse,</p> +<p>At vndur stondis bothe more and lasse,</p> +<p>Yf þo prest rede not at þy wylle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t blame him.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_244" id="curt_line_244">244</a></span> +<p>Rep<i>re</i>ue hym noȝt, but holde þe stylle.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t tell your secrets to a shrew.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ To any wyȝt þy counsell<i>e</i> yf þ<i>o</i>u schewe,</p> +<p>Be war þ<i>a</i>t he be not a schrewe,</p> +<p>Lest he disclaundyr þe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> tong</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_248" id="curt_line_248">248</a></span> +<p>Amonge alle me<i>n</i>, bothe olde <i>and</i> ȝong.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t beckon, point, or whisper.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Bekenyng, fynguryng, no<i>n</i> þ<i>o</i>u vse,</p> +<p>And pryué rownyng loke þ<i>o</i>u refuse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When you meet a man, greet him,</span> +<p>Yf þ<i>o</i>u mete knyȝt, ȝomo<i>n</i>, or knaue,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_252" id="curt_line_252">252</a></span> +<p>Haylys hym a-non, “syre, god ȝou saue.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or answer him cheerily if he greets you:</span> +<p>Yf he speke fyrst opon þe þor<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Onsware hym gladly w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> mor<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t be dumb,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Go not forth<i>e</i> as a dombe freke,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_256" id="curt_line_256">256</a></span> +<p>Syn god hase laft the tonge to speke;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +lest men say you have no mouth.</span> +<p>Lest meñ sey be sibbe or couthe,<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_9" id="curt_tag_9" href="#curt_note_9">9</a></p> +<p>“Ȝond is a mo<i>n</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen mouthe.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Never speak improperly of women,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Speke neu<i>er</i> vnhonestly of woma<i>n</i> kynde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_260" id="curt_line_260">260</a></span> +<p>Ne let hit neu<i>er</i> renne in þy mynde;</p> +<span class="pagenum">185</span> +<a name="page185" id="page185"> </a> +<!-- png 307 --> +<p>Þe boke hym call<i>es</i> a chorle of chere,</p> +<p>That vylany spekes be weme<i>n</i> sere:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +for we and our fathers were all born of women.</span> +<p>For all<i>e</i> we ben of wymme<i>n</i> borñ,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_264" id="curt_line_264">264</a></span> +<p>And oure fadurs vs be-forne;</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>for<i>e</i> hit is a vnhonest thyng</p> +<p>To speke of hem in any hethyng.<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_10" id="curt_tag_10" href="#curt_note_10">10</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +A wife should honour and obey her husband,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Also a wyfe <ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by editor from ‘be, falle’">be-falle</ins> of ryȝt</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_268" id="curt_line_268">268</a></span> +<p>To worschyp hyr husbonde bothe day <i>and</i> nyȝt,</p> +<p>To his byddyng be obediente,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and serve him.</span> +<p>And hym to s<i>er</i>ue w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen offence.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Try to reconcile brothers if they quarrel.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf two brether be at debate,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_272" id="curt_line_272">272</a></span> +<p>Loke noþ<i>er</i> þ<i>o</i>u forþ<i>er</i> in hor hate,</p> +<p>But helpe to staunche hom of malice;</p> +<p>Þen þ<i>o</i>u art frende to bothe I-wys.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +At a gate, let your equal precede you;</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Ȝif þ<i>o</i>u go w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a-noþ<i>er</i> at þo gate,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_276" id="curt_line_276">276</a></span> +<p>And ȝe be bothe of on astate,</p> +<p>Be curtasye and let hym haue þe way,</p> +<p>That is no vylanye, as me<i>n</i> me say;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +go behind your superior</span> +<p>And he be come<i>n</i> of gret kynraden,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_280" id="curt_line_280">280</a></span> +<p>Go no be-fore þawgh þ<i>o</i>u be beden;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and your master</span> +<p>And yf þ<i>a</i>t he þy mayst<i>ur</i> be,</p> +<p>Go not be-fore, for curtasé,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +unless he bids you go beside him.</span> +<p>Noþ<i>er</i> in fylde, wode, noþ<i>er</i> launde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_284" id="curt_line_284">284</a></span> +<p>Ne euen hym w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>, but he c<i>om</i>maunde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +On a pilgrimage don’t be third man:</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf þ<i>o</i>u schalle on pilg<i>ri</i>mage go,</p> +<p>Be not þe thryd felaw for wele ne wo;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 17.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +3 oxen can’t draw a plough. </span> +<p>Thre oxen in plowgh may neu<i>er</i> wel drawe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_288" id="curt_line_288">288</a></span> +<p>Noþ<i>er</i> be craft, ryȝt, ne lawe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t drink all that’s in a cup offered you; take a little.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Ȝif þ<i>o</i>u be p<i>ro</i>fert to drynk of cup,</p> +<p>Drynke not al of, ne no way sup;</p> +<p>Drynk menskely and gyf agayne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_292" id="curt_line_292">292</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t is a curtasye, to speke in playne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If you sleep with any man, ask what part of</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ In bedde yf þou falle herberet to be,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> felawe, maystur, or her degré,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">186</span> +<a name="page186" id="page186"> </a> +<!-- png 308 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +the bed he likes, and lie far from him.</span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u schalt enquer<i>e</i> be curtasye</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_296" id="curt_line_296">296</a></span> +<p>In what p<i>ar</i>[t] of þe bedde he wylle lye;</p> +<p>Be honest and lye þ<i>o</i>u fer hym fro,</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u art not wyse but þ<i>o</i>u do so.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +HOW TO BEHAVE.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If you journey with any man, find out his name, who he is, where he is +going.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> woso men, boþe fer and negh,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_300" id="curt_line_300">300</a></span> +<p>The falle to go, loke þ<i>o</i>u be slegh</p> +<p>To aske his nome, and qweche he be,</p> +<p>Whidur he will<i>e</i>: kepe welle þes thre.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +With friars on a pilgrimage, do as they do.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> freres on pilg<i>ri</i>mage yf þ<i>a</i>t +þ<i>o</i>u go,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_304" id="curt_line_304">304</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t þei will<i>e</i> ȝyme,<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_11" id="curt_tag_11" href="#curt_note_11">11</a> wilne +þ<i>o</i>u also;</p> +<p>Als on nyȝt þ<i>o</i>u take þy rest,</p> +<p>And byde þe day as tru ma<i>n</i>nes gest.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t put up at a red (haired and faced) man or woman’s house.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ In no kyn house þ<i>a</i>t rede mon is,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_308" id="curt_line_308">308</a></span> +<p>Ne womo<i>n</i> of þo same colour y-wys,</p> +<p>Take neu<i>er</i> þy Innes for no kyn nede,</p> +<p>For þose be folke þ<i>a</i>t ar to drede.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Answer opponents meekly,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Yf any thurgh sturnes þe oppose,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_312" id="curt_line_312">312</a></span> +<p>Onswere hym mekely <i>and</i> make hym glose:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but don’t tell lies.</span> +<p>But glosand wordys þ<i>a</i>t falsed is,</p> +<p>Forsake, and alle that is omys.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Before your lord at table,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Also yf þ<i>o</i>u haue a lorde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_316" id="curt_line_316">316</a></span> +<p>And stondes by-for<i>e</i> hym at þe borde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +keep your hands, feet, and</span> +<p>While þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u speke, kepe well<i>e</i> þy honde,</p> +<p>Thy fete also in pece let stonde,</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ His curtasé nede he most breke,—</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +fingers still.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_320" id="curt_line_320">320</a></span> +<p>Stirraunt fyngurs toos whe<i>n</i> he shall<i>e</i> speke.</p> +<p>Be stabull<i>e</i> of cher<i>e</i> and sumwhat lyȝt,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t stare about, or at the wall,</span> +<p>Ne ou<i>er</i> alle wayue þ<i>o</i>u not thy syȝt;</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Gase not on walles w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þy neghe<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_12" id="curt_tag_12" href="#curt_note_12">12</a>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_324" id="curt_line_324">324</a></span> +<p>Fyr ne negh, logh ne hegh<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or lean against the post.</span> +<p>Let not þe post be-cum þy staf,</p> +<p>Lest þ<i>o</i>u be callet a dotet daf;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t pick your nose,</span> +<p>Ne delf þ<i>o</i>u neu<i>er</i> nose thyrle</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_328" id="curt_line_328">328</a></span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thombe ne fyngur, as ȝong gyrle;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">187</span> +<a name="page187" id="page187"> </a> +<!-- png 309 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +scratch your arm, or stoop your head.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Rob not þy arme ne noȝt hit claw,</p> +<p>Ne bogh not dou<i>n</i> þy hede to law;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Listen when you’re spoken to.</span> +<p>Whil any man spekes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> grete besenes,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_332" id="curt_line_332">332</a></span> +<p>Herken his wordis w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> distresse.</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ By strete or way yf þ<i>o</i>u schalle go,</p> +<p>Fro þes two þynges þ<i>o</i>u kepe þe fro,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Never harm child or beast with evil eye (?)</span> +<p>Noþ<i>er</i> to harme chylde ne best,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_336" id="curt_line_336">336</a></span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> castyng, turnyng west ne est;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t blush when you’re chaffed,</span> +<p>Ne chaunge þ<i>o</i>u not in face coloure,</p> +<p>For lyghtnes of worde in halle ne bour<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or you’ll be accused of mischief.</span> +<p>Yf þy vysage chaunge for noȝt,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_340" id="curt_line_340">340</a></span> +<p>Men say ‘þe trespas þ<i>o</i>u hase wroȝght.’</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t make faces.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ By-for<i>e</i> þy lorde, ne mawes þ<i>o</i>u make</p> +<p>Ȝif þ<i>o</i>u wyll<i>e</i> curtasie w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe take.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Wash before eating.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hondes vnwasshen take neu<i>er</i> þy mete;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_344" id="curt_line_344">344</a></span> +<p>Fro alle þes vices loke þ<i>o</i>u þe kepe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 18.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sit where the host tells you; avoid the highest place unless you’re told +to take it.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Loke þ<i>o</i>u sytt—<i>and</i> make no stryf—</p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>est</i>] Read <i>ost</i></span> +<p>Wher<i>e</i> þo <span class="texttag">est</span> +co<i>m</i>mau<i>n</i>dys, or ellis þo wyf.</p> +<p>Eschewe þe heȝest place w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wyn,<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_13" id="curt_tag_13" href="#curt_note_13">13</a></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_348" id="curt_line_348">348</a></span> +<p>But þ<i>o</i>u be beden to sitt þ<i>er</i>-in.</p> +<p>Of curtasie her<i>e</i> endis þe secu<i>n</i>de fyt,</p> +<p>To heuen crist mot our<i>e</i> saules flyt!</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<span class="headnote"> +OF THE PORTER, AND MARSHAdv. OF THE HALL.</span> + +<h4><a name="curtasye_officers" id="curtasye_officers"> +THE THIRD BOOK.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Officers in Lords’ Courts.</i></span> + +<h5>¶ De officiarijs in curijs d<i>omi</i>nor<i>um</i>.</h5> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">N</span>ow speke we wylle of officiers</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_352" id="curt_line_352">352</a></span> +<p>Of court, and als of her mestiers.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Four bear rods; three wands:</span> +<p>Foure me<i>n</i> þ<i>er</i> beñ þ<i>a</i>t ȝerdis schall<i>e</i> +bere,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +1. Porter, the longest,</span> +<p>Port<i>er</i>, marshall<i>e</i>, stuarde, vsshere;</p> +<p>The port<i>er</i> schall<i>e</i> haue þe lengest wande,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +2. Marshal,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_356" id="curt_line_356">356</a></span> +<p>The marshall<i>e</i> a schort<i>er</i> schall<i>e</i> haue i<i>n</i> +hande;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">188</span> +<a name="page188" id="page188"> </a> +<!-- png 310 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +3. Usher, the shortest,</span> +<p>The vssher of chamb<i>ur</i> smallest schall<i>e</i> haue,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +4. Steward, a staff, a finger thick, half a yard long.</span> +<p><a name="curt_line_358" id="curt_line_358"> +The stuarde in honde schall<i>e</i> haue a stafe,</a></p> +<p>A fyngur gret, two whart<i>er</i>s long,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_360" id="curt_line_360">360</a></span> +<p>To reule þe meñ of court ymong.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Porter.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="curtasye_porter" id="curtasye_porter"> +¶ De Ianitor<i>e</i>.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_14" id="curt_tag_14" href="#curt_note_14">14</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He keeps the Gate</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ The port<i>er</i> falle to kepe þo ȝate,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and Stocks,</span> +<p>Þe stokkes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym erly <i>and</i> late;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +takes charge of misdoers</span> +<p>Ȝif any mañ hase in court mys-gayne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_364" id="curt_line_364">364</a></span> +<p>To port<i>er</i> warde he schall<i>e</i> be tane,</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i> to a-byde þe lordes wyll<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +till judged,</span> +<p>What he wille deme by ryȝtwys skyll<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +also of clothes,</span> +<p>For wessell<i>e</i> clothes, þ<i>a</i>t noȝt be solde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_368" id="curt_line_368">368</a></span> +<p>Þe po[r]ter hase þ<i>a</i>t warde in holde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and warns strangers.</span> +<p>Of strang<i>er</i>s also þ<i>a</i>t comen to court,</p> +<p>Þo porter schall<i>e</i> warne s<i>er</i> at a worde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He is found in meat and drink.</span> +<p>Lyu<i>er</i>ay he hase of mete and drynke,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_372" id="curt_line_372">372</a></span> +<p>And sett<i>is</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym who so hym thynke.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +On his lord’s removing,</span> +<p>When so eu<i>er</i> þo lorde remewe schall<i>e</i></p> +<p>To castell<i>e</i> til oþ<i>er</i> as h<i>i</i>t may falle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +he hires horses at 4d. a piece,</span> +<p>For cariage þe port<i>er</i> hors schall<i>e</i> hyre,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_376" id="curt_line_376">376</a></span> +<p>Foure pens a pece w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-in þo schyr<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +the statute price.</span> +<p>Be statut he schall<i>e</i> take þ<i>a</i>t on þe day.</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t is þe kyng<i>is</i> crye in faye.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Marshal of the Hall</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_marshal" id="curtasye_marshal"> +¶ De Marescallo aule.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_15" id="curt_tag_15" href="#curt_note_15">15</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>spelle,</i>] MS. spekle.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Now of marschall<i>e</i> of hall<i>e</i> wyll<i>e</i> I <span class="texttag">spelle,</span></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_380" id="curt_line_380">380</a></span> +<p>And what falle to hys offyce now wyll<i>e</i> y telle;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">189</span> +<a name="page189" id="page189"> </a> +<!-- png 311 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He shall arrest rebels, when the steward is away. Yeoman-Usher and Groom +are under him.</span> +<p>In absence of stuarde he shall<i>e</i> arest</p> +<p>Who so eu<i>er</i> is rebell<i>e</i> in court or fest;</p> +<p>Ȝomo<i>n</i>-vsshere, and grome also,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_384" id="curt_line_384">384</a></span> +<p>Vndur hym ar þes two:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Groom gets fuel for the fire,</span> +<p>Þo grome for fuell<i>e</i> þ<i>a</i>t schall<i>e</i> brenne</p> +<p>In hall<i>e</i>, chambur, to kechyn, as I þe kenne,</p> +<p>He shall<i>e</i> delyu<i>er</i> hit ilke a dele,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and makes one in Hall for every meal;</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_388" id="curt_line_388">388</a></span> +<p>In hall<i>e</i> make fyre at yche a mele</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +looks after tables, trestles, forms, the cup-board, and hangings of the +Hall.</span> +<p>Borde, trestuls, and formes also,</p> +<p>Þe cupborde in his warde schall<i>e</i> go,</p> +<p>Þe dosurs cortines to henge i<i>n</i> halle.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_392" id="curt_line_392">392</a></span> +<p>Þes offices nede do he schall<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Fires last from Allsaints’ Day to Candlemas Eve, (Nov. 1 to Feb. +2.)</span> +<p><a name="curt_line_393" id="curt_line_393"> +Bryng in fyre on alhalawgh day,</a></p> +<p>To condulmas euen, I dar well<i>e</i> say.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>How long Squires shall have allowances, and Fire shall burn in the +<ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by editor from ‘Hall,’">Hall.</ins></i><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_15a" id="curt_tag_15a" href="#curt_note_15a">15a</a></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_fire" id="curtasye_fire"> +¶ P<i>er</i> q<i>uan</i>tu<i>m</i> te<i>m</i>p<i>us</i> armig<i>er</i>i +h<i>ab</i>eb<i>un</i>t lib<i>er</i>ata<i>m</i> <i>et</i> ignis +ardeb<i>i</i>t i<i>n</i> a<i>ul</i>a.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and thus long, Squires receive their daily candle? (see <a href="#curt_line_839">l. 839</a>.)</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +So longe squier<i>s</i> lyu<i>er</i>és shall<i>e</i> hafe,<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_16" id="curt_tag_16" href="#curt_note_16">16</a></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_396" id="curt_line_396">396</a></span> +<p>Of grome of halle, or ellis his knafe;</p> +<p>But fyre shall<i>e</i> brenne in hall<i>e</i> at mete,</p> +<p><a name="curt_line_398" id="curt_line_398"> +To <i>Cena d</i>omi<i>ni</i> þ<i>a</i>t me<i>n</i> base ete;</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 19.]</span> +<p>Þ<i>er</i> browȝt schall<i>e</i> be a holyn kene,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_400" id="curt_line_400">400</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t sett schall<i>e</i> be in erber grene,</p> +<p>And þ<i>a</i>t schall<i>e</i> be to alhalawgh day,</p> +<p>And of be skyfted, as y þe say.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Marshal shall seat men in the Hall.</span> +<p>In hall<i>e</i> marshalle all<i>e</i> men schall<i>e</i> sett</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_404" id="curt_line_404">404</a></span> +<p>After here degré, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> lett.<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_17" id="curt_tag_17" href="#curt_note_17">17</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">190</span> +<a name="page190" id="page190"> </a> +<!-- png 312 --> +<span class="headnote"> +OF THE BUTLER AND PANTER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Butler, Panter, and Cooks serving him.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_servants" id="curtasye_servants"> +¶ De pinc<i>er</i>nario, panetario, <i>et</i> cocis sibi +s<i>er</i>uie<i>n</i>tib<i>us</i>.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +They are the Marshal’s servants.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ The botelar, pantrer, and cokes also,</p> +<p>To hym ar s<i>er</i>uaunt<i>is</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> +mo;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He shall score up all messes served, and order bread and ale for +men,</span> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>-fore on his ȝerde skor<i>e</i> shall<i>e</i> he<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_19" id="curt_tag_19" href="#curt_note_19">20</a></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_408" id="curt_line_408">408</a></span> +<p>Alle messys in halle þ<i>a</i>t s<i>er</i>uet be,</p> +<p><a name="curt_line_409" id="curt_line_409"> +Co<i>m</i>maunde to sett bothe brede <i>and</i> ale</a></p> +<p>To all<i>e</i> men þ<i>a</i>t seruet ben i<i>n</i> sale;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but wine for gentlemen.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ To gentilme<i>n</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wyne I-bake,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_412" id="curt_line_412">412</a></span> +<p>Ellis fayles þo seruice, y vnder-take;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Each mess shall be reckoned at 6d.</span> +<p>Iche messe at vj<sup>d</sup> breue shall<i>e</i> he</p> +<p>At the countyng house w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> oþ<i>er</i> mené;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and be scored up to prevent the cook’s cheating.</span> +<p>Yf þo koke wolde say þ<i>a</i>t were more,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_416" id="curt_line_416">416</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t is þo cause þ<i>a</i>t he hase hit in skore.</p> +<p>Þe panter<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_18" id="curt_tag_18" +href="#curt_note_18">18</a> also yf he wolde stryfe,</p> +<p>For rewarde þ<i>a</i>t sett schall<i>e</i> be be-lyue.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If bread runs short, the Marshal orders more, ‘a reward.’</span> +<p>Wheñ brede faylys at borde aboute,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_420" id="curt_line_420">420</a></span> +<p>The marshall<i>e</i> gares sett w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> +doute</p> +<p>More brede, þ<i>a</i>t calde is a rewarde,</p> +<p>So shall<i>e</i> h<i>i</i>t be preuet be-fore stuarde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Butler’s duties.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_butler" id="curtasye_butler"> +¶ De offic<i>i</i>o pinc<i>er</i>narij.</a><a class="tag" href="#curt_note_19">19</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He shall put a pot and loaf to each mess.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Botler shall<i>e</i> sett for yche a messe</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_424" id="curt_line_424">424</a></span> +<p>A pot, a lofe, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> distresse;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He is the panter’s mate.</span> +<p>Botler, pantrer, felawes ar ay,</p> +<p>Reken hom to-gedur full<i>e</i> wel y may.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Marshal shall see to men’s lodging.</span> +<p>The marshall<i>e</i> shall<i>e</i> herber all<i>e</i> men in +fere,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_428" id="curt_line_428">428</a></span> +<p>That ben of court of any mestere;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Lord’s Chamber and Wardrobe are under the Usher of the +Chamber.</span> +<p>Saue þe lordys chamb<i>ur</i>, þo wadrop to,</p> +<p>Þo vssher of chamb<i>ur</i> schall<i>e</i> tent þo two.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Usher and Grooms of the Chamber.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="curtasye_usher" id="curtasye_usher"> +¶ De hostiario <i>et</i> suis s<i>er</i>uientib<i>us</i>.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_20" id="curt_tag_20" href="#curt_note_20">20</a></h5> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Speke I wylle A lytull<i>e</i> qwyle</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +1. Usher,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_432" id="curt_line_432">432</a></span> +<p>Of vssher of chambur, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> gyle.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">191</span> +<a name="page191" id="page191"> </a> +<!-- png 313 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +2. Yeoman-usher,</span> +<p>Þ<i>er</i> is gentylme<i>n</i>, ȝomo<i>n</i>-vssher also,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +3. Two grooms and a Page.</span> +<p>Two gromes at þo lest, A page þ<i>er</i>-to.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="headnote"> +OF THE GROOMS AND USHER OF THE CHAMBER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>The Duties of the Grooms of the Chamber.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_groom" id="curtasye_groom"> +¶ De Offic<i>i</i>o garc<i>i</i>onu<i>m</i>.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_21" id="curt_tag_21" href="#curt_note_21">21</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +They shall make palets of litter 9 ft. long, 7 broad,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +<a name="curt_line_435" id="curt_line_435"> +¶ Gromes palett<i>is</i> shyn fyle <i>and</i> make liter<i>e</i></a>,<a +class="tag" name="curt_tag_22" id="curt_tag_22" href="#curt_note_22">22</a></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_436" id="curt_line_436">436</a></span> +<p>ix fote on lengthe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-out diswer<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>vij fote y-wys hit shall<i>e</i> be brode,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +watered, twisted, trodden, with wisps at foot and side, twisted and +turned back; from the floor-level to the waist.</span> +<p>Wele wat<i>er</i>ed, I-wrythen, be craft y-trode,</p> +<p>Wyspes drawen out at fete <i>and</i> syde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_440" id="curt_line_440">440</a></span> +<p>Wele wrethyn and t<i>ur</i>nyd a-ȝayne þ<i>a</i>t tyde;</p> +<p>On legh vnsonken hit shall<i>e</i> be made,</p> +<p>To þo gurdylstode hegh on lengthe <i>and</i> brade.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +For lords, 2 beds,</span> +<p>For lordys two beddys schall<i>e</i> be made,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +outer and inner,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_444" id="curt_line_444">444</a></span> +<p>Bothe vtter and inner, so god me glade,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +hung with hangings, hooks and eyes set on the binding; the valance +hanging on a rod (?), four curtains reaching to the ground;</span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t henget shall<i>e</i> be w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hole +sylo<i>ur</i>,<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_23" id="curt_tag_23" href="#curt_note_23">23</a></p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> crochett<i>is</i><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_24" id="curt_tag_24" href="#curt_note_24">24</a> and +loupys sett on lyour;<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_25" id="curt_tag_25" href="#curt_note_25">25</a></p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Þo valance on fylour<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_26" id="curt_tag_26" href="#curt_note_26">26</a> shall<i>e</i> henge +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wy<i>n</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_448" id="curt_line_448">448</a></span> +<p>iij curteyns streȝt drawen w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-inne,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t reche schall<i>e</i> euen to grounde a-boute,</p> +<p>Noþ<i>er</i> mor<i>e</i>, noþ<i>er</i> lesse, +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> doute;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +these he takes up with a forked rod.</span> +<p>He strykes hom vp w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> forket wande,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_452" id="curt_line_452">452</a></span> +<p>And lappes vp fast a-boute þe lyft hande;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">192</span> +<a name="page192" id="page192"> </a> +<!-- png 314 --> + +<p>Þo knop vp turnes, and closes on ryȝt,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 20.]</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ As bolde by nek þ<i>a</i>t henges full<i>e</i> lyȝt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The counterpane is laid at the foot, cushions on the sides,</span> +<p>Þo count<i>ur</i>pynt he lays on beddys fete,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_456" id="curt_line_456">456</a></span> +<p>Qwysshenes on sydes shyn lye full<i>e</i> mete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +tapestry on the floor</span> +<p>Tapet<i>is</i><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_27" id="curt_tag_27" href="#curt_note_27">27</a> of spayne on flor<i>e</i> by +syde,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t sprad shyn be for pompe and pryde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and sides of the room.</span> +<p>Þo chambur sydes ryȝt to þo dor<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_460" id="curt_line_460">460</a></span> +<p>He henges w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> tapet<i>is</i> þ<i>a</i>t ben +full<i>e</i> stor<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Groom gets fuel, and screens.</span> +<p>And fuel to chymné hym fall<i>e</i> to gete,</p> +<p>And screnes in clof to y-saue þo <ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by editor from ‘hete.’ with full stop">hete </ins></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Groom keeps the table, trestles, and forms for dinner;</span> +<p>Fro þo lorde at mete when he is <ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by editor from ‘sett,’ with comma">sett;</ins></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_464" id="curt_line_464">464</a></span> +<p>Borde, trestuls, and fourmes, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> <ins +class="edcorr" title="corrected by editor from ‘let;’ with semicolon">let,</ins></p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Alle thes þynges kepe schall<i>e</i> he,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and water in a heater.</span> +<p>And wat<i>er</i> in chafer for laydyes fre;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He puts 3 wax-lights over the chimney,</span> +<p>iij p<i>er</i>chers of wax þen shall<i>e</i> he fet,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_468" id="curt_line_468">468</a></span> +<p>A-boue þo chymné þ<i>a</i>t be <ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by editor from ‘sett, In syce’ with line-end comma and no following punctuation">sett</ins></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +all in different syces.</span> +<p><ins class="edcorr" title="corrected by editor from ‘sett, In syce’ with line-end comma and no following punctuation">In syce;</ins><a +class="tag" name="curt_tag_28" id="curt_tag_28" href="#curt_note_28">28</a> ichoñ from oþ<i>er</i> shall<i>e</i> be</p> +<p>Þe lenghthe of oþ<i>er</i> þ<i>a</i>t me<i>n</i> may se,<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_28a" id="curt_tag_28a" href="#curt_note_28a">28a</a></p> +<p>To brenne, to voide, þ<i>a</i>t dronkyn is,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_472" id="curt_line_472">472</a></span> +<p>Oþ<i>er</i> ellis I wote he dose Amys.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>The Usher of the Chamber</i> walks about and sees that all is served +right,</span> +<p>Þo vssher alle-way shall<i>e</i> sitt at dor<i>e</i></p> +<p>At mete, and walke schall<i>e</i> on þe flor<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>To se þat all<i>e</i> be s<i>er</i>uet on ryȝt,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_476" id="curt_line_476">476</a></span> +<p>Þat is his office be day <i>and</i> nyȝt,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +orders the table to be set and removed,</span> +<p>And byd set borde when tyme schall<i>e</i> be,</p> +<p>And take hom vp when tyme ses he.</p> +<span class="pagenum">193</span> +<a name="page193" id="page193"> </a> +<!-- png 315 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +takes charge of the Wardrobe and Bedchamber, bids the <i>Wardroper</i> +get all ready before the fire,</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ The wardrop<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_29" id="curt_tag_29" +href="#curt_note_29">29</a> he herbers and eke of chamb<i>ur</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_480" id="curt_line_480">480</a></span> +<p>Ladyes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bedys of corall<i>e</i> and +lamb<i>ur</i>,</p> + +<p>Þo vsshere schall<i>e</i> bydde þo wardroper<i>e</i></p> +<p>Make redy for all<i>e</i> nyȝt be-for<i>e</i> þe fere;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +nightgown,</span> +<p>Þen bryng<i>is</i> he forthe nyȝt gou<i>n</i> also,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +carpet, 2 cushions,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_484" id="curt_line_484">484</a></span> +<p>And spredys a tapet and qwysshens two,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +a form with a</span> +<p>He layes hom þen opon a fourme,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +footsheet over it; </span> +<p>And foteshete þ<i>er</i>-on <i>and</i> hit returne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +on which the lord changes his gown.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Þo lorde schall<i>e</i> skyft hys gowñ at nyȝt,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_488" id="curt_line_488">488</a></span> +<p>Syttand on foteshete tyl he be dyȝt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Usher orders what’s wanted from the Buttery:</span> +<p>Þen vssher gose to þo botré,</p> +<p>“Haue in for all<i>e</i> nyȝt, syr,” says he;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +a link from the Chandler,</span> +<p>Fyrst to þe chaundeler he schall<i>e</i> go,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_492" id="curt_line_492">492</a></span> +<p>To take a tortes lyȝt hym fro;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and ale and wine.</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Bothe wyne and ale he tase indede,</p> +<p>Þo botler says, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen drede,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +(No meat shall be assayed except for King, Prince, Duke or +Heirs-apparent.)</span> +<p>No mete for mo<i>n</i> schall<i>e</i> sayed<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_30" id="curt_tag_30" href="#curt_note_30">30</a> be,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_496" id="curt_line_496">496</a></span> +<p>Bot for kynge or prynce or duke so fre;</p> +<p>For heiers of paraunce also y-wys,</p> +<p>Mete shall<i>e</i> be sayed, now thenkys on this.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +From the Pantry the Usher takes fine and coarse bread,</span> +<p>Þen to pantré he hyȝes be-lyue,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_500" id="curt_line_500">500</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ “Syrs, haue in w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> stryffe;”</p> +<p>Manchet and chet<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_31" id="curt_tag_31" href="#curt_note_31">31</a> bred he shalle take,</p> +<p>Þo panter<i>e</i> assayes þat h<i>i</i>t be bake;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and a wax-light</span> +<p>A mort<i>er</i> of wax ȝet will<i>e</i> he bryng,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_504" id="curt_line_504">504</a></span> +<p>Fro chamb<i>ur</i>, syr, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-out lesyng;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +that burns all night in a basin.</span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t alle nyȝt brennes in bassyn cler<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>To saue þo chamb<i>ur</i> on nyȝt for fyre.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +(The Yeoman-Usher removes the torches.)</span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Þen ȝomo<i>n</i> of chambur shynne voyde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ryme,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_508" id="curt_line_508">508</a></span> +<p>The torches han holden wele þ<i>a</i>t tyme;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Usher puts lights on the Bedroom door,</span> +<p>Tho chamb<i>ur</i> dore stekes þo vssher thenne,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> p<i>re</i>ket and tortes þ<i>a</i>t conne +brenne;</p> +<span class="pagenum">194</span> +<a name="page194" id="page194"> </a> +<!-- png 316 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +brings bread and wine,</span> +<p>Fro cupborde he brynges both<i>e</i> brede <i>and</i> wyne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_512" id="curt_line_512">512</a></span> +<p>And fyrst assayes hit wele a[nd] fyne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 21.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +(the lord washing first,)</span> +<p>But fyrst þe lorde shall<i>e</i> vasshe I-wys,</p> +<p>Fro þo fyr hous when he come<i>n</i> is;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +offers the drink kneeling; puts his lord to bed,</span> +<p>Þen kneles þe vssher <i>and</i> gyfes hym drynke,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_516" id="curt_line_516">516</a></span> +<p>Brynges hym in bed wher<i>e</i> he shall<i>e</i> wynke;</p> +<p>In strong styd on palet he lay,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and then goes home himself. The Yeoman-Usher sleeps at the Lord’s +door.</span> +<p>At home tase lefe <i>and</i> gose his way;</p> +<p>Ȝomo<i>n</i> vssher be-for<i>e</i> þe dore,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_520" id="curt_line_520">520</a></span> +<p>In vttur chamb<i>ur</i> lies on þe flore.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="headnote"> +OF THE STEWARD.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Steward.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_steward" id="curtasye_steward"> +¶ De seneschallo.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_32" id="curt_tag_32" href="#curt_note_32">32</a></h5> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Now speke I wyll<i>e</i> of þo stuarde als,</p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>ar</i>] MS. <i>and</i></span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Few are true, but many false. He, the clerk,</span> +<p>Few ar trew, but fele <span class="texttag">ar</span> fals.</p> +<p>Þo clerke of kechyn, countrollo<i>ur</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +cook and surveyor</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_524" id="curt_line_524">524</a></span> +<p>Stuarde, coke, and surueyour,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +consult over their</span> +<p>Assente<i>n</i> in counsell<i>e</i>, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> +skorne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Lord’s dinner.</span> +<p>How þo lorde schall<i>e</i> fare at mete þo morne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Any dainty that can be had, the Steward buys.</span> +<p>Yf any deyntethe in countré be,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_528" id="curt_line_528">528</a></span> +<p>Þo stuarde schewes h<i>i</i>t to þo lorde so fre,</p> +<p>And gares by hyt for any cost,</p> +<p>Hit wer<i>e</i> grete syn and hit wer<i>e</i> lost.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Before dishes are put on, the Steward enters first, then the +Server.</span> +<p>Byfore þe cours þo stuarde comes þen,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_532" id="curt_line_532">532</a></span> +<p>Þe seruer h<i>i</i>t next of alle kyn me<i>n</i></p> +<p>Mays way and stondes by syde,</p> +<p>Tyl all<i>e</i> be s<i>er</i>ued at þ<i>a</i>t tyde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Steward shall post into books all accounts written on +tablets,</span> +<p>At countyng stuarde schall<i>e</i> ben,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_536" id="curt_line_536">536</a></span> +<p>Tylle all<i>e</i> be breuet of wax so grene,</p> +<p>Wrytten in-to bokes, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-out let,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t be-fore in tabuls hase ben sett,</p> +<p>Tyl countes also þ<i>er</i>-on ben cast,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and add them up.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_540" id="curt_line_540">540</a></span> +<p>And somet vp holy at þo last.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">195</span> +<a name="page195" id="page195"> </a> +<!-- png 317 --> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Controller.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_controller" id="curtasye_controller"> +¶ De cont<i>ra</i>rotulatore.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_33" id="curt_tag_33" href="#curt_note_33">33</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He puts down the</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ The Countrollo<i>ur</i> shall<i>e</i> wryte to hym,</p> +<p>Taunt resceu, no more I myn;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +receipt and consumption of every day.</span> +<p>And taunt dispendu þ<i>a</i>t same day,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_544" id="curt_line_544">544</a></span> +<p>Vncountabull<i>e</i> he is, as y ȝou say.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Surveyor.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_surveyor" id="curtasye_surveyor"> +¶ De sup<i>er</i>uisore.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_34" id="curt_tag_34" href="#curt_note_34">34</a></h5> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Surueour and stuarde also,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He, the steward, and controller, receive nothing, but see that all goes +straight.</span> +<p>Thes thre folke and no mo,</p> +<p>For noȝt resayue<i>n</i> bot eu<i>er</i> sene</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_548" id="curt_line_548">548</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t noþyng fayle <i>and</i> alle be whene;</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t þo clerke of kechyn schulde not mys,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Controller checks daily the Clerk of the kitchen’s account.</span> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>-fore þo countrollo<i>ur</i>, as hafe I blys,</p> +<p>Wrytes vp þo somme as eu<i>er</i>y day,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_552" id="curt_line_552">552</a></span> +<p>And helpes to count, as I ȝou say.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Clerk of the Kitchen.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_kitchen" id="curtasye_kitchen"> +¶ De Clerico coquine.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_35" id="curt_tag_35" href="#curt_note_35">35</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He shall keep account of all</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ The clerke of þe cochyñ shall<i>e</i> all<i>e</i> þyng breue,</p> +<p>Of men of court, bothe lothe and leue,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +purchases, and payments, and wages,</span> +<p>Of achat<i>is and</i> dispenses þen wrytes he,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_556" id="curt_line_556">556</a></span> +<p>And wages for gromes and ȝeme<i>n</i> fre;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +shall preside at the Dresser,</span> +<p>At dresso<i>ur</i> also he shalle stonde,</p> +<p>And fett forthe mete dresset w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> honde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and keep the spices, stores, &c.,</span> +<p>Þe spicery and store w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym shall<i>e</i> dwelle,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_560" id="curt_line_560">560</a></span> +<p>And mony thynges als, as I noȝt telle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and the clothes of the officers.</span> +<p>For clethyng of officers alle i<i>n</i> fere,</p> +<p>Saue þe lorde hym self and ladys dere.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +OF THE CHANCELLOR AND TREASURER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Chancellor.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_chancellor" id="curtasye_chancellor"> +¶ De cancellario.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_36" id="curt_tag_36" href="#curt_note_36">36</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He looks after the servants’ clothes, and horses,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ The chaunceler answer<i>es</i> for hor clothyng,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_564" id="curt_line_564">564</a></span> +<p>For ȝome<i>n</i>, faukeners, <i>and</i> hor horsyng,</p> +<span class="pagenum">196</span> +<a name="page196" id="page196"> </a> +<!-- png 318 --> +<p>For his wardrop and wages also;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 22.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +seals patents, and grants of land, &c., for life, or during the +lord’s pleasure.</span> +<p>And asseles patenti<i>s</i> mony <i>and</i> mo;</p> +<p>Yf þo lorde gyf oȝt to t<i>er</i>me of lyf,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_568" id="curt_line_568">568</a></span> +<p>The chaunceler h<i>i</i>t seles w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> +stryf;</p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þ<i>at</i></i>] MS. þ<i>er</i></span> +<p><i>Tan come nos plerra</i> me<i>n</i> seyne, <span class="texttag">þ<i>at</i></span> is <i>q</i>ua<i>n</i>do <i>nob</i>is +<i>placet</i>,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t is, whille vs lykes hym noȝt omys;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He oversees the land too, and is a great man.</span> +<p>Ou<i>er</i>-se hys londes þ<i>a</i>t all<i>e</i> be ryȝt:</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_572" id="curt_line_572">572</a></span> +<p>On of þo grete he is of myȝt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Treasurer.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_treasurer" id="curtasye_treasurer"> +¶ De thesaurizario.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_37" id="curt_tag_37" href="#curt_note_37">37</a></h5> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza "> +¶ Now speke y wylle of tresurer<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Husbonde and houswyf he is in fer<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He takes from the Receiver what is collected from bailiff and grieve, +courts and forfeits.</span> +<p>Of þe resayu<i>er</i> he shall<i>e</i> resayue,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_576" id="curt_line_576">576</a></span> +<p>All<i>e</i> þ<i>a</i>t is gedurt of baylé and grayue,<a class="tag" +name="curt_tag_38" id="curt_tag_38" href="#curt_note_38">38</a></p> +<p>Of þe lordes courtes and forfet<i>is</i> als,</p> +<p>Wheþ<i>er</i> þay ben ryȝt or þay ben fals.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He gives the Kitchen clerk money to buy provisions with, and the clerk +gives some to the baker and butler.</span> +<p>To þo clerke of cochen he payes moné</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_580" id="curt_line_580">580</a></span> +<p>For vetayle to bye opon þo countré:</p> +<p>The clerke to kat<i>er</i> and pult<i>er</i> is,</p> +<p>To baker and butler bothe y-wys</p> +<p>Gyffys seluer to bye in all<i>e</i> thyng</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_584" id="curt_line_584">584</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t longes to here office, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> +lesyng.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Treasurer pays all wages.</span> +<p>Þe tresurer schall<i>e</i> gyfe alkyn wage,</p> +<p>To squyer, ȝomo<i>n</i>, grome, or page.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He, the Receiver, Chancellor, Grieves, &c.,</span> +<p>Þo resayuer and þo tresurer,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_588" id="curt_line_588">588</a></span> +<p>Þo clerke of cochyn and chaunceler,</p> +<p>Grayuis, and baylys, and parker,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +account once a year to the Auditor,</span> +<p>Schone come to acountes eu<i>er</i>y ȝere</p> +<p>By-fore þo audito<i>ur</i> of þo lorde onone,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_592" id="curt_line_592">592</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t schulde be trew as any stone;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +from whom they can appeal to a Baron of the Exchequer.</span> +<p>Yf he dose hom no ryȝt lele,</p> +<p>To A baron of chekker þay mu<i>n</i> h<i>i</i>t pele.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">197</span> +<a name="page197" id="page197"> </a> +<!-- png 319 --> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Receiver of Rents.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_receiver" id="curtasye_receiver"> +¶ De receptore firmar<i>um</i>.</a></h5> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza "> +¶ Of þe resayuer speke wyll<i>e</i> I,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_596" id="curt_line_596">596</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t fermys<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_39" id="curt_tag_39" href="#curt_note_39">39</a> resayuys wytt<i>ur</i>ly</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He gives receipts,</span> +<p>Of grayuys, and hom aquetons makes,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and gets a fee of 6d.</span> +<p>Sex pons þ<i>er</i>-fore to feys he takes,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He pays fees to park-keepers, and looks after castles and +manor-houses.</span> +<p>And pays feys to parkers als I-wys,</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_600" id="curt_line_600">600</a></span> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>loued</i>] <i>Or</i> loned.</span> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>-of at acountes he <span class="texttag">loued</span> +is,</p> +<p>And ou<i>er</i>-seys castels, man<i>er</i>s a-boute,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t noȝt falle w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-in ne +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute.</p> +<p>Now let we þes officers be,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_604" id="curt_line_604">604</a></span> +<p>And telle we wylle of smaller mené.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Avener.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_avener" id="curtasye_avener"> +¶ De Auenario.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_40" id="curt_tag_40" href="#curt_note_40">40</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He shall give the horses in the stable</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Þe Aueyn<i>er</i> schall<i>e</i> ordeyn p<i>ro</i>uande<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_41" id="curt_tag_41" href="#curt_note_41">41</a> good won,</p> +<p>For þo lordys horsis eu<i>er</i>ychon;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +two armsful of hay and a peck of oats, daily.</span> +<p>Þay schyn haue two cast<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_42" id="curt_tag_42" href="#curt_note_42">42</a> of hay,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_608" id="curt_line_608">608</a></span> +<p>A pek of p<i>ro</i>uande on a day;</p> +<p>Eu<i>er</i>y horse schall<i>e</i> so muche haue,</p> +<p>At racke and mang<i>er</i> þ<i>a</i>t standes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +staue.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +A Squire is Master of the Horse; under him are Avener and +Farrier,</span> +<p>A mayst<i>ur</i> of horsys a squyer<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_43" id="curt_tag_43" href="#curt_note_43">43</a> +þ<i>er</i> is,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_612" id="curt_line_612">612</a></span> +<p>Aueyn<i>er</i> and fero<i>ur</i> vnd<i>ur</i> hym I-wys;</p> +<p>Þose ȝome<i>n</i> þ<i>a</i>t olde sadels schyn haue,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t schyn be last for knyȝt and knaue,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +(the Farrier has a halfpenny a day for every horse he shoes,)</span> +<p>For yche a hors þ<i>a</i>t ferrour<i>e</i><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_44" id="curt_tag_44" href="#curt_note_44">44</a> +schall<i>e</i> scho,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_616" id="curt_line_616">616</a></span> +<p>An halpeny on day he takes hym to;</p> +<span class="pagenum">198</span> +<a name="page198" id="page198"> </a> +<!-- png 320 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and grooms and pages hired</span> +<p>Vnd<i>ur</i> ben gromes and pages mony one,</p> +<p>Þat ben at wage eu<i>er</i>ychone;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 23.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +at 2d. a day, or 3 halfpence,</span> +<p>Som at two pons on a day,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_620" id="curt_line_620">620</a></span> +<p>and som at iij ob., I ȝou say;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and footmen who run by ladies’ bridles.</span> +<p>Mony of hem fote-me<i>n</i> þer ben,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t renne<i>n</i> by þe brydels of ladys shene.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +OF THE BAKER AND HUNTSMAN.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Baker.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_baker" id="curtasye_baker"> +¶ De pistore.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_45" id="curt_tag_45" href="#curt_note_45">45</a></h5> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza "> +¶ Of þo baker now speke y wylle,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_624" id="curt_line_624">624</a></span> +<p>And wat longes his office vntylle;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Out of a London bushel he shall bake 20 loaves, fine and coarse.</span> +<p>Of a lunden buschell<i>e</i> he shall<i>e</i> bake</p> +<p>xx louys, I vndur-take;</p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>brom</i>] <i>Read</i> broun, brown.</span> +<p>Manchet and chet to make <span class="texttag">brom</span> bred +hard,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_628" id="curt_line_628">628</a></span> +<p>For chaundeler and grehoundes <i>and</i> hu<i>n</i>tes reward.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Huntsman and his Hounds.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_huntsman" id="curtasye_huntsman"> +¶ De venatore <i>et</i> suis canib<i>us</i>.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He gets a halfpenny a day for every hound.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ A halpeny þo hunte takes on þe day</p> +<p>For eu<i>er</i>y hounde, þo soth<i>e</i> to say:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Feuterer 2 lots of bread if he has 2 leash of Greyhounds, and a bone +for each,</span> +<p>Þo vewt<i>er</i>, two cast of brede he tase,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_632" id="curt_line_632">632</a></span> +<p>Two lesshe of grehoundes yf þ<i>a</i>t he hase;</p> +<p>To yche a bone, þat is to telle,</p> +<p>If I to ȝou þe sothe shall<i>e</i> spelle;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +besides perquisites of skins, &c.</span> +<p>By-syde hys vantage þ<i>a</i>t may be-fall<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_636" id="curt_line_636">636</a></span> +<p>Of skynnes and oþ<i>er</i> thynges +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-all<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Þat hunt<i>er</i>es con tell<i>e</i> bett<i>er</i> þa<i>n</i> I,</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>-fore I leue h<i>i</i>t wytt[<i>ur</i>]ly.</p> +<span class="pagenum">199</span> +<a name="page199" id="page199"> </a> +<!-- png 321 --> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Ewerer or Water-bringer.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_ewerer" id="curtasye_ewerer"> +¶ De aquario.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_46" id="curt_tag_46" href="#curt_note_46">46</a></h5> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ And speke I wyll<i>e</i> of oþ<i>er</i> myster<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_640" id="curt_line_640">640</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t falles to court, as ȝe mu<i>n</i> her<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He has all the candles and cloths</span> +<p>An euwer<i>e</i> in hall<i>e</i> þere nedys to be,</p> +<p>And chandelew schall<i>e</i> haue and all<i>e</i> naper<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and gives water to every one.</span> +<p>He schall<i>e</i> gef wat<i>er</i> to gentilme<i>n</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_644" id="curt_line_644">644</a></span> +<p>And als in all<i>e</i> ȝome<i>n</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>Who may wash his hands, and where.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_wash" id="curtasye_wash"> +¶ Qui d<i>eb</i>ent manus lauar<i>e</i> <i>et</i> i<i>n</i> +q<i>u</i>or<i>um</i> domib<i>us</i>.</a></h5> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ In kynges court and dukes also,</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i> ȝome<i>n</i> schynne wasshe and no mo;—</p> +<p>In duke Ionys house a ȝoma<i>n</i> þ<i>er</i> was,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_648" id="curt_line_648">648</a></span> +<p>For his rewarde p<i>ra</i>yde suche a g<i>ra</i>ce;</p> +<p>Þe duke gete graunt þ<i>er</i>-of in londe,</p> +<p>Of þe kyng his fader, I vndudurstonde.—(<i>so</i>)</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The bringer of Water</span> +<p>Wosoeuer gefes wat<i>er</i> in lordys chaunber,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_652" id="curt_line_652">652</a></span> +<p>In p<i>re</i>sens of lorde or leuedé dere,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +shall kneel down.</span> +<p>He schall<i>e</i> knele downe opoñ his kne,</p> +<p>Ellys he forȝetes his curtasé;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Ewerer shall cover the lord’s table with a double cloth, the lower +with the selvage to the lord’s side; the upper cloth shall be laid +double,</span> +<p>Þis euwer schall<i>e</i> hele his lordes borde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_656" id="curt_line_656">656</a></span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> dowbull<i>e</i> napere at on bar<i>e</i> +worde:</p> +<p>The seluage to þo lordes syde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>And douñ schall<i>e</i> heng þ<i>a</i>t oþ<i>er</i> may wynne;</p> +<p>Þo ou<i>er</i> nape schall<i>e</i> dowbull<i>e</i> be layde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_660" id="curt_line_660">660</a></span> +<p>To þo vttur syde þe seluage brade;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +the upper selvage turned back as if for a towel.</span> +<p>Þo ou<i>er</i> seluage he schall<i>e</i> replye,<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_47" id="curt_tag_47" href="#curt_note_47">47</a></p> +<p>As towell<i>e</i> h<i>i</i>t were fayrest in hye;</p> +<p>Browers<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_48" id="curt_tag_48" href="#curt_note_48">48</a> he schall<i>e</i> cast þ<i>er</i>-opon,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He shall put on cleaners for every one.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_664" id="curt_line_664">664</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t þe lorde schull<i>e</i> clense his fyngers [on],</p> +<p>Þe leuedy and whoseuer syttes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-inne,</p> +<p>All<i>e</i> browers schynne haue bothe mor<i>e</i> <i>and</i> +myñ.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">200</span> +<a name="page200" id="page200"> </a> +<!-- png 322 --> +<span class="headnote"> +OF THE PANTER, THE LORD’S KNIVES, ETC.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Panter.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_panter" id="curtasye_panter"> +¶ De panetario.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He carries 3 loaves cut square for trenchers,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Þenne comes þe pantere w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> loues thre,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_668" id="curt_line_668">668</a></span> +<p>Þat squar<i>e</i> are coruyn of trencho<i>ur</i> fre,</p> +<p>To sett w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-inne <i>and</i> oon +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and the covered Saltcellar,</span> +<p>And saller y-cou<i>er</i>yd and sett in route;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 24.]</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þo ouemast lofe h<i>i</i>t shall<i>e</i> be +sett,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_672" id="curt_line_672">672</a></span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute forthe square, +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> lett;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +2 Carving-knives, and sets the 3rd, and a spoon to his lord.</span> +<p>Two keruyng knyfes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute one,</p> +<p>Þe thrydde to þo lorde, and als a spone.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Lord’s Knives, (Bread, and Washing.)</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_knives" id="curtasye_knives"> +¶ De Cultellis d<i>omi</i>ni.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The hafts of 2 are laid outwards, that of the 3rd inwards, and the <ins +class="edcorr" title="corrected by editor to ‘spoon handle’">steel +spoon</ins> by it.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Of þo two þo haftes schynne outwarde be,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_676" id="curt_line_676">676</a></span> +<p>Of þe thrydd þe hafte inwarde lays he,</p> +<p>Þe spony stele þ<i>er</i> by schall<i>e</i> be layde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +More trencher loaves are set, and wine served to the Duchess.</span> +<p>Moo loues of trenchirres at a brayde</p> +<p>He settes, <i>and</i> seruys euyr in fer<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_680" id="curt_line_680">680</a></span> +<p>To duches his wyne þ<i>a</i>t is so der<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +2 Trencher-loaves, and salt, to the lord’s son; and 1 loaf and +saltcellar set at the end of the table.</span> +<p>Two loues of trenchors <i>and</i> salt þo,</p> +<p>He settes be-fore his son also;</p> +<p>A lofe of trencho<i>ur</i>s and salt on last,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_684" id="curt_line_684">684</a></span> +<p>At bordes ende he settes in hast.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then 3 loaves of white bread are brought, and 1 coarse loaf is put in +the Alms-dish.</span> +<p>Þen brede he brynges, in towell<i>e</i> wrythyñ,</p> +<p>Thre lofys of þo wyte schall<i>e</i> be geuyñ;</p> +<p>A chet lofe to þo elmys dyshe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_688" id="curt_line_688">688</a></span> +<p>Weþ<i>er</i> he seruyd be w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> flesshe or fysche;</p> +<p>At aþ<i>er</i> ende he castes a cope,</p> +<p>Layde dowñ on borde, þe endys plyed vp.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +To assay bread, the Panter kneels, the Carver cuts him a slice,</span> +<p>That he assayes knelande on kne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_692" id="curt_line_692">692</a></span> +<p>Þo keru<i>er</i> hym parys a schyu<i>er</i> so fre;</p> +<p>And touches þo louys y<i>n</i> quer<i>e</i> a-boute,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and he eats it.</span> +<p>Þo pantere hit etys w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute dowte;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Ewerer strains water into his basins,</span> +<p>Þo euwer<i>e</i> thurgh towell<i>e</i> syles<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_49" id="curt_tag_49" href="#curt_note_49">49</a> clene</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_696" id="curt_line_696">696</a></span> +<p>His wat<i>er</i> into þo bassynges shene;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +on the upper one of which is a towel</span> +<p>Þo ou<i>er</i> bassyn þ<i>er</i>-on schall<i>e</i> close,</p> +<p>A towell<i>e</i> þ<i>er</i>-on, as I suppose,</p> +<span class="pagenum">201</span> +<a name="page201" id="page201"> </a> +<!-- png 323 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +folded dodgily.</span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t folden schall<i>e</i> be w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> full<i>e</i> +grete lore,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_700" id="curt_line_700">700</a></span> +<p>Two quart<i>er</i>s on lenketh<i>e</i> and su<i>m</i>dele +mor<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then the water is assayed in a cup of white wood.</span> +<p>A qwyte cuppe of tre þ<i>er</i>-by shall<i>e</i> be,</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þ<i>o</i> wat<i>er</i> assay +schall<i>e</i> he;</p> +<p>Quelmes<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_50" id="curt_tag_50" href="#curt_note_50">50</a> h<i>i</i>t agayn by-for<i>e</i> all<i>e</i> +me<i>n</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Carver takes up the basins; a knight takes down the towel, and wipes +the cup, into which the Carver pours water;</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_704" id="curt_line_704">704</a></span> +<p>Þo keru<i>er</i> þe bassynges tase vp þenne;</p> +<p>Annaunciande sq<i>u</i>ier, or ellis a knyȝt,</p> +<p>Þo towell<i>e</i> dowñ tase by full<i>e</i> good ryȝt;</p> +<p>Þo cuppe he tase in honde also,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_708" id="curt_line_708">708</a></span> +<p>Þo keru<i>er</i> powres wat[er] þe cuppe into;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +the knight hands it to him; he assays it, and empties the cup.</span> +<p>The knyȝt to þo keru<i>er</i> haldes anon,</p> +<p>He says h<i>i</i>t ar he m<i>o</i>r<i>e</i> schall<i>e</i> doñ;</p> +<p>Þo cuppe þen voyde is in þo flette,<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_51" id="curt_tag_51" href="#curt_note_51">51</a></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_712" id="curt_line_712">712</a></span> +<p>Þe euwer h<i>i</i>t takes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> lette.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Two knights hold the towel before the lord’s sleeves,</span> +<p>The towell<i>e</i> two knyȝht<i>is</i> schyn halde i<i>n</i> +fer<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Be-fore þe lordes sleues, þat ben so der<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and hold the upper basin while the Carver pours water into the +lower;</span> +<p>The ou<i>er</i> bassyn þay halde neu<i>er</i> þe queder,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_716" id="curt_line_716">716</a></span> +<p>Quyll<i>e</i> þo keru<i>er</i> powre wat<i>er</i> in-to þe +ned<i>ur</i>.</p> +<p>For a pype þ<i>er</i> is insyde so clene,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t wat<i>er</i> deuoydes, of selu<i>er</i> schene;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +then he puts the lower into the upper, and empties both,</span> +<p>Þen settes he þe nethyr, I vnd[u]rstonde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_720" id="curt_line_720">720</a></span> +<p>In þe ou<i>er</i>, and voydes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bothe is honde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +takes them to the Ewerer, returns to the lord’s table, lays 4 trenchers +for him, with 1 above.</span> +<p>And brynges to þe euwer þ<i>er</i> he come fro;</p> +<p>To þo lordys bordes aȝayn con go;</p> +<p>And layes iiij trencho<i>ur</i>s þo lorde be-fore,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_724" id="curt_line_724">724</a></span> +<p>Þe fyft aboue by good lore;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Carver takes 3 to cut the lord’s messes on,</span> +<p>By hym self thre schall<i>e</i> he dresse,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 25.]</span> +<p>To cut opon þe lordes messe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and has a cloth round his neck to wipe his knives on.</span> +<p>Smale towell<i>e</i> a-boute his necke shall<i>e</i> bene,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_728" id="curt_line_728">728</a></span> +<p>To clens his knyfys þ<i>a</i>t ben so kene.</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +OF THE ALMONER AND DISH-SERVER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Almoner.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_almoner" id="curtasye_almoner"> +¶ De Elemosinario.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_52" id="curt_tag_52" href="#curt_note_52">52</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He says grace, sets down the Alms-dish,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ The aumener<i>e</i> by þis hathe sayde g<i>ra</i>ce,</p> +<p>And þo almes dysshe hase sett in place;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">202</span> +<a name="page202" id="page202"> </a> +<!-- png 324 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and the Carver puts the first loaf in it.</span> +<p>Þ<i>er</i>-in þe keru<i>er</i> a lofe schall<i>e</i> sette,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_732" id="curt_line_732">732</a></span> +<p>To s<i>er</i>ue god fyrst w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> lette;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The other loaves he pares round,</span> +<p>Þese oþ<i>er</i> lofes he parys a-boute,</p> +<p>Lays h<i>i</i>t myd dysshe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> doute.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +cuts one in two, and gives the upper half in halves to him.</span> +<p>Þe small<i>e</i> lofe he cutt<i>is</i> eue<i>n</i> i<i>n</i> +twynne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_736" id="curt_line_736">736</a></span> +<p>Þo ou<i>er</i> dole in two lays to hym.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Almoner has a staff in his hand.</span> +<p>The aumener<i>e</i> a rod schall<i>e</i> haue in honde,</p> +<p>As office for almes, y vndurstonde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He keeps the broken food and wine left, for poor men at the gate,</span> +<p>Alle þe broken met he kepys y wate,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_740" id="curt_line_740">740</a></span> +<p>To dele to por<i>e</i> me<i>n</i> at þe ȝate.</p> +<p>And drynke þ<i>a</i>t leues s<i>er</i>ued in halle;</p> +<p>Of ryche <i>and</i> pore bothe grete <i>and</i> small<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and is sworn to give it all to them.</span> +<p>He is sworne to ou<i>er</i>-se þe s<i>er</i>uis wele,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_744" id="curt_line_744">744</a></span> +<p>And dele hit to þe pore eu<i>er</i>y dele;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He distributes silver as he rides.</span> +<p>Selu<i>er</i> he deles rydand by way;</p> +<p>And his almys dysshe, as I ȝou say,</p> +<p>To þe porest ma<i>n</i> þ<i>a</i>t he can fynde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_748" id="curt_line_748">748</a></span> +<p>Oþ<i>er</i> ellys I wot he is vnkynde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Sewer (or setter-on of Dishes).</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_sewer" id="curtasye_sewer"> +¶ De ferculario.</a></h5> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ This wyle þo squyer to kechyn shall<i>e</i> go,</p> +<p>And brynges a bof for assay þo;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Cook assays the meat before it’s dished.</span> +<p>Þo Coke assayes þe mete vngryȝt,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Sewer puts the cover on it,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_752" id="curt_line_752">752</a></span> +<p>Þo sewer he takes and kou<i>er</i>s on ryȝt;</p> +<p>Wo so eu<i>er</i> he takes þ<i>a</i>t mete to bere,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and the cover must never be raised</span> +<p>Schall<i>e</i> not so hardy þo cou<i>er</i>tour<i>e</i> +rer<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>For colde ne hote, I warne ȝou all<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +for fear of treason.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_756" id="curt_line_756">756</a></span> +<p>For suspecyoñ of tresou<i>n</i> as may befalle.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +(A Dodge: If the silver dish burns you,</span> +<p>Yf þo sylu<i>er</i> dyssh<i>e</i> wyll<i>e</i> algate brenne,</p> +<p>A sotelté I wylle þe kenne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +put bits of bread under it.)</span> +<p>Take þe bredde coruyn <i>and</i> lay by-twene,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_760" id="curt_line_760">760</a></span> +<p>And kepe þe well<i>e</i> h<i>i</i>t be not sene;</p> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ I teche hit for no curtayse,</p> +<p>But for þyn ese.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Sewer assays all the food:</span> +<p>When þe sewer comys vnto þe borde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_764" id="curt_line_764">764</a></span> +<p>Alle þe mete he sayes at on bare worde,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">203</span> +<a name="page203" id="page203"> </a> +<!-- png 325 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +potage with a piece of bread;</span> +<p>Þe potage fyrst w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> brede y-coruyn,</p> +<p>Cou<i>er</i>ys hom agayn lest þey ben storuyn;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +fish or flesh, he eats a piece;</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> fyssh<i>e</i> or flessh yf [they] be +s<i>er</i>ued,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_768" id="curt_line_768">768</a></span> +<p>A morsell<i>e</i> þ<i>er</i>-of shalle he be keruyd;</p> +<p>And touche þe messe ou<i>er</i> all<i>e</i> aboute,</p> +<p>Þo sewer h<i>i</i>t et<i>is</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> +doute.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +baked meats hot, he lifts up the crust,</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> baken mete yf he s<i>er</i>uyd be þo,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_772" id="curt_line_772">772</a></span> +<p>Þo lydes vp-rered or he fyr go,</p> +<p>Þe past or pye he sayes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-inne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and dips bread in the gravy;</span> +<p>Dippes bredde in graué no mor<i>e</i> ne mynne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +baked meats cold, he eats a bit.</span> +<p>Ȝif þe baken mete be colde, as may byfall<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_776" id="curt_line_776">776</a></span> +<p>A gobet of þo self he sayes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-all<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The meat-bearer stands or kneels as the Sewer does.</span> +<p>But þ<i>o</i>u þ<i>a</i>t berys mete in hande,</p> +<p>Yf þo sewer stonde, loke þ<i>o</i>u stande;</p> +<p>Yf he knele, knele þ<i>o</i>u so longe for oȝt,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 26.]</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_780" id="curt_line_780">780</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Tylle mete be sayde þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u hase broght.</p> +<p>As oft at hegh borde yf brede be nede,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When bread is wanted, the Butler puts one loaf on the table, the other +on the cupboard.</span> +<p>The butler two louys takys indede;</p> +<p>Þat on settes down, þ<i>a</i>t oþer agayn</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_784" id="curt_line_784">784</a></span> +<p>He barys to cupborde in towell<i>e</i> playn.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Butler assays all the wine.</span> +<p>As oft as þe keru<i>er</i> fettys drynke,</p> +<p>Þe butler assayes h<i>i</i>t how good hy<i>m</i> thynke;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +What is left in the lord’s cup goes to the Alms-dish.</span> +<p>In þe lordys cupp þ<i>a</i>t leuys vndrynken,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_788" id="curt_line_788">788</a></span> +<p>Into þe almesdisshe h<i>i</i>t schall<i>e</i> be sonken.</p> +<p>The keru<i>er</i> anon w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> thouȝt,</p> + +<span class="headnote"> +OF THE CARVER, SURNAPE-LAYERS, AND CHANDLER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Carver fills the empty cup,</span> +<p>Vnkou<i>er</i>s þe cup þ<i>a</i>t he hase brouȝt;</p> +<p>Into þe cou<i>er</i>tour<i>e</i> wyn he powr<i>e</i>s owt,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_792" id="curt_line_792">792</a></span> +<p>Or in-to a spare pece, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> doute;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +assays it, and gives it the lord or puts it down.</span> +<p>Assayes, an gefes þo lorde to drynke,</p> +<p>Or settes h<i>i</i>t doun as hym goode thynke.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He carves the lord’s meat,</span> +<p>Þo keru<i>er</i><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_53" id="curt_tag_53" href="#curt_note_53">53</a> schall<i>e</i> kerue þo +lordes mete,</p> +<span class="pagenum">204</span> +<a name="page204" id="page204"> </a> +<!-- png 326 --> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_796" id="curt_line_796">796</a></span> +<p>Of what kyn pece þ<i>a</i>t he wyll<i>e</i> ete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and lays it on his trencher,</span> +<p>And on hys trenchour he hit layes,</p> +<p>On þys maner w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-out displayes;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +putting a piece of every thing in the Alms-dish,</span> +<p>In almesdysshe he layes yche dele,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_800" id="curt_line_800">800</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t he is w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> serued at þo mele;</p> +<p>But he sende h<i>i</i>t to ony stronger<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +except any favourite piece or potage sent to a stranger.</span> +<p>A pese þ<i>a</i>t is hym leue and dere,</p> +<p>And send hys potage also,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_804" id="curt_line_804">804</a></span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t schall<i>e</i> not to þe almes go.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +(To say more about the Carver would require another section, so I pass +it over.)</span> +<p>Of keru<i>er</i> more, yf I shulde telle,</p> +<p>Anoþ<i>er</i> fytt þenne most I spelle,</p> +<p>Ther-fore I let h<i>i</i>t her<i>e</i> ou<i>er</i> passe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_808" id="curt_line_808">808</a></span> +<p>To make oure talkyng su<i>m</i>medelasse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +After dinner the Sewer brings the Surnape, a broad towel and a narrow, +and slides it down.</span> +<p>When þe lorde hase eten, þo sewer schall<i>e</i> bryng</p> +<p>Þo surnape on his schulder bryng,</p> +<p>A narew towell<i>e</i>, a brode be-syde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_812" id="curt_line_812">812</a></span> +<p>And of hys hondes he lettes h<i>i</i>t slyde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Usher takes one end of the broad one, the Almoner the other, and +when it is laid, he folds the narrow towel double before his lord and +lady.</span> +<p>Þe vssher ledes þ<i>a</i>t on hed ryȝt,</p> +<p>Þo aumener þo oþ<i>er</i> away shall<i>e</i> dyȝt.</p> +<p>When þe vssher comys to þe borde ende,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_816" id="curt_line_816">816</a></span> +<p>Þo narow towell<i>e</i> he strecches vnkende;</p> +<p>Be-for<i>e</i> þo lorde and þe lady so dere,</p> +<p>Dowbell<i>e</i> he playes þo towell<i>e</i> þere;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +After grace removes them,</span> +<p>Whenne þay haue wasshen and g<i>ra</i>ce is sayde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_820" id="curt_line_820">820</a></span> +<p>Away he takes at a brayde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +lays the table on the floor, and takes away the trestles.</span> +<p>Awoydes þo borde in-to þo flore,</p> +<p>Tase away þo trest<i>is</i> þ<i>a</i>t ben so store.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Of the Chandler.</i></span> +<h5><a name="curtasye_chandler" id="curtasye_chandler"> +¶ De candelario.</a><a class="tag" name="curt_tag_54" id="curt_tag_54" href="#curt_note_54">54</a></h5> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Now speke I wylle a lytull<i>e</i> whyle</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_824" id="curt_line_824">824</a></span> +<p>Of þo chandeler, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> gyle,</p> +<span class="pagenum">205</span> +<a name="page205" id="page205"> </a> +<!-- png 327 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He can make all kinds of candles, little and big,</span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t torches<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_55" id="curt_tag_55" href="#curt_note_55">55</a> <i>and</i> tortes<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_56" id="curt_tag_56" href="#curt_note_56">56</a> <i>and</i> preketes<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_57" id="curt_tag_57" href="#curt_note_57">57</a> con +make,</p> +<p>P<i>er</i>chours,<a class="tag" name="curt_tag_58" id="curt_tag_58" href="#curt_note_58">58</a> smale condel, I +vnder-take;</p> +<p>Of wax þese candels all<i>e</i> þat brenne<i>n</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and mortars of wax.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_828" id="curt_line_828">828</a></span> +<p>And morter of wax þ<i>a</i>t I wele kenne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He snuffs them with short scissors.</span> +<p>Þo snof of hom dose a-way</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> close sesours, as I ȝow say;</p> +<p>Þe sesours ben schort <i>and</i> rownde y-close,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_832" id="curt_line_832">832</a></span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> plate of irne vp-on bose.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +In bed-chambers wax lights only shall be burnt;</span> +<p>In chamb<i>ur</i> no lyȝt þ<i>er</i> shall<i>e</i> be brent,</p> +<p>Bot of wax þ<i>er</i>-to, yf ȝe take tent;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 27.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +in hall, Candles of Paris,</span> +<p>In hall<i>e</i> at soper schall<i>e</i> caldels (<i>so</i>) +brenne</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_836" id="curt_line_836">836</a></span> +<p>Of parys, þ<i>er</i>-in þ<i>a</i>t all<i>e</i> me<i>n</i> kenne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +each mess having one from Nov. 1 to Feb. 2 (see <a href="#curt_line_393">l. 393</a>), and squires one too.</span> +<p>Iche messe a candell<i>e</i> fro alhalawgh<i>e</i> day</p> +<p>To candelmesse, as I ȝou say;</p> +<p><a name="curt_line_839" id="curt_line_839"> +Of candel liu<i>er</i>ay squiyers schall<i>e</i> haue,</a></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_840" id="curt_line_840">840</a></span> +<p>So long, if hit is mon will<i>e</i> kraue.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Butler shall give Squires their daily bread and ale all the year, +and Knights their wine.</span> +<p>Of brede and ale also þo boteler</p> +<p>Schall<i>e</i> make lyu<i>er</i>é thurgh-out þe ȝere</p> +<p>To squyers, and also wyn to knyȝt,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_844" id="curt_line_844">844</a></span> +<p>Or ellys he dose not his office ryȝt.</p> +<p>Her<i>e</i> endys the thryd speche.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +May Christ bring us to His dwelling-place. Amen!</span> +<p>Of all<i>e</i> oure synnes cryst be oure leche,</p> +<p>And bryng vs to his vonyng place!</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="curt_line_848" id="curt_line_848">848</a></span> +<p>Ame<i>n</i>, sayes ȝe, for hys grete grace!</p> + +<h5>¶ Amen, par charite.</h5> + +</div> <!-- end div verse --> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<span class="pagenum">177</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_1" id="curt_note_1" href="#curt_tag_1">1.</a> +Toom or rymthe. <i>Spacium, tempus, oportunitas.</i> P. Parv.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">178</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_2" id="curt_note_2" href="#curt_tag_2">2.</a> +AS. <i>wræsten</i>, to writhe, twist.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_3" id="curt_note_3" href="#curt_tag_3">3.</a> +grace, civility; from AS. <i>mennise</i>, human; cp. our double sense of +<i>humanity</i>. H. Coleridge.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_4" id="curt_note_4" href="#curt_tag_4">4.</a> +courteous.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_5" id="curt_note_5" href="#curt_tag_5">5.</a> +AS. <i>flytan</i>, dispute, quarrel.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_6" id="curt_note_6" href="#curt_tag_6">6.</a> +Mowe, or skorne. <i>Vangia, vel valgia, cachinna.</i> Promptorium.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">179</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_7" id="curt_note_7" href="#curt_tag_7">7.</a> +<i>an</i> privative, unhonest.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_8" id="curt_note_8" href="#curt_tag_8">8.</a> +AS. <i>mod</i>, mood, passion, violence.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">181</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_8a" id="curt_note_8a" href="#curt_tag_8a">8a.</a> +Croscrist. <i>La Croix de par Dieu.</i> The Christs-crosse-row; or, the +hornebooke wherein a child learnes it. Cotgrave. The alphabet was called +the <i>Christ-cross-row</i>, some say because a cross was prefixed to +the alphabet in the old primers; but as probably from a superstitious +custom of writing the alphabet in the form of a cross, by way of charm. +This was even solemnly practised by the bishop in the consecration of a +church. See Picart’s Religious Ceremonies, vol. i. p. 131. +<i>Nares</i>. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_181">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">184</span> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="curt_note_9" id="curt_note_9" href="#curt_tag_9">9.</a> +to relation or friend.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">185</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_10" id="curt_note_10" href="#curt_tag_10">10.</a> +contempt, scorn, O.N. <i>heðung.</i> H. Coleridge.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">186</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_11" id="curt_note_11" href="#curt_tag_11">11.</a> +AS. <i>gýman</i>, attend, regard, observe, keep.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_12" id="curt_note_12" href="#curt_tag_12">12.</a> +thine eye</p> + +<span class="pagenum">187</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_13" id="curt_note_13" href="#curt_tag_13">13.</a> +AS. <i>win</i>, contention, labour, war; <i>win</i>, <i>wyn</i>, joy, +pleasure.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">188</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_14" id="curt_note_14" href="#curt_tag_14">14.</a> +See the duties of Prince Edward’s Porters, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1474, in <i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. *30, +and of Henry VIII.’s Porters, <i>ibid.</i> p. 239.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_15" id="curt_note_15" href="#curt_tag_15">15.</a> +Though Edward IV. had Marshals (<i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 84, +&c.), one of whom made the Surnape when the King was in the Hall +(p. 32), or Estate in the Surnape (p. 38), yet there is no +separate heading or allowance for them in the <i>Liber Niger</i>. Two +yeomen Ushers are mentioned in p. 38, but the two yeomen Ewars, +their two Grooms and Page, p. 84, perform (nearly) the duties given +above to the Usher and his Grooms.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">189</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_15a" id="curt_note_15a" href="#curt_tag_15a">15a.</a> +Fires in Hall lasted to <i>Cena Domini</i>, the Thursday before Easter: +see <a href="#curt_line_398">l. 398</a>. Squires’ allowances of +lights ended on Feb. 2, I suppose. These lights, or +<i>candle</i> of <a href="#curt_line_839">l. 839</a>, would be +only part of the allowances. The rest would continue all the year. See +<i>Household Ordinances & North. Hous. Book</i>. Dr Rock says that +the <i>holyn</i> or holly and <i>erbere grene</i> refer to the change on +Easter Sunday described in the <i>Liber Festivalis</i>:—“In die +paschẽ. Good friends ye shall know well that this day is called in many +places God’s Sunday. Know well that it is the manner in every place of +worship at this day <i>to do the fire out of the hall;</i> and the black +winter brands, and all thing that is foul with smoke shall be done away, +and there the fire was, shall be gaily arrayed with fair flowers, and +strewed with green rushes all about, showing a great ensample to all +Christian people, like as they make clean their houses to the sight of +the people, in the same wise ye should cleanse your souls, doing away +the foul brenning (burning) sin of lechery; put all these away, and cast +out all thy smoke, dusts; and strew in your souls flowers of faith and +charity, and thus make your souls able to receive your Lord God at the +Feast of Easter.” —Rock’s <i>Church of the Future</i>, v. iii. pt. +2, p. 250. “The holly, being an evergreen, would be more fit for +the purpose, and makes less litter, than the boughs of deciduous trees. +I know some old folks in Herefordshire who yet follow the custom, +and keep the grate filled with flowers and foliage till late in the +autumn.” —D. R. On Shere-Thursday, or <i>Cena Domini</i>, Dr +Rock quotes from the <i>Liber Festivalis</i>—“First if a man asked +why Sherethursday is called so, ye may say that in Holy Church it is +called ‘Cena Domini,’ our Lord’s Supper Day; for that day he supped with +his disciples openly.... It is also in English called Sherethursday; for +in old fathers’ days the people would that day sheer their heads and +clip their beards, and poll their heads, and so make them honest against +Easter-day.” —Rock, <i>ib.</i>, p. 235. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_189">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="curt_note_16" id="curt_note_16" href="#curt_tag_16">16.</a> +Edward IV.’s Esquiers for the Body, IIII, had ‘for wynter lyverey from +All Hallowentide (Nov. 1) tyll Estyr, one percher wax, one candell +wax, ij candells Paris, one tallwood and dim<i>idium</i>, and wages in +the countyng-house.’ <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 36. So the Bannerettes, +IIII, or Bacheler Knights (p. 32), who are kervers and cupberers, +take ‘for wynter season, from Allhallowentyde till Estyr, one tortays, +one percher, ii candelles wax, ii candelles Paris, ii talwood, ii +faggotts,’ and rushes, litter, all the year; which the Esquiers have +too. The Percy household allowance of Wax was cciiij score vij lb. +dimid. of Wax for th’ expensys of my House for oone hole Yere. Viz. +Sysez, <i>Pryketts</i>, Quarions, and <i>Torches</i> after ix d. the lb. +by estimacion; p. 12.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_17" id="curt_note_17" href="#curt_tag_17">17.</a> +The Liber Niger of Edw. IV. assigns this duty to one of the Gentylmen +Usshers. <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 37.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">190</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_18" id="curt_note_18" href="#curt_tag_18">18.</a> +See the Office of Panetry, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 70.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_19" id="curt_note_19" href="#curt_tag_19">19.</a> +See the Office of Butler of Englond, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 73.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_20" id="curt_note_20" href="#curt_tag_20">20.</a> +See Gentylmen Usshers of Chaumbre, IIII, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 37. +‘This name ussher is a worde of Frenshe,’ p. 38.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">191</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_21" id="curt_note_21" href="#curt_tag_21">21.</a> +Compare <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 39. ‘Yeomen of Chambre, IIII, to +make beddes, to bere or hold torches, to sette bourdes, to apparayle all +chaumbres, and suche other servyce as the chaumberlayn, or usshers of +chambre command or assigne.’ Liber Niger Edw. IV. See also +<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 40, Office of Warderobe of Beddes, +p. 41, Gromes of Chambyr, X; and the elaborate directions for +making Henry VII.’s bed, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 121-2.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_22" id="curt_note_22" href="#curt_tag_22">22.</a> +<i>Hoc stramentum</i>, lyttere, (the straw with which the bed was +formerly made) p. 260, col. 2, Wright’s Vocabularies.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_23" id="curt_note_23" href="#curt_tag_23">23.</a> +Sylure, of valle, or a nother thynge (sylure of a walle), +<i>Celatura</i>, <i>Celamen</i>, Catholicon, in P. Parv. Fr. +<i>Ciel</i>, Heauen, pl. <i>Ciels</i>, a canopie for, and, the Testerne +and Valances of a Bed. Cotgrave. A tester over the beadde, +<i>canopus</i>. Withals.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_24" id="curt_note_24" href="#curt_tag_24">24.</a> +<i>Crochet</i>, a small hooke.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_25" id="curt_note_25" href="#curt_tag_25">25.</a> +Lyowre, to bynde wythe precyows clothys. <i>Ligatorium.</i> +P. Parv.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_26" id="curt_note_26" href="#curt_tag_26">26.</a> +Fylowre, of barbours crafte, <i>Acutecula</i>, <i>filarium</i>. +P. Parv. See note 3, p. 160.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">192</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_27" id="curt_note_27" href="#curt_tag_27">27.</a> +Tapet, a clothe, <i>tappis</i>. Palsgrave, 1530. <i>Tapis</i>, +Tapistrie, hangings, &c., of Arras. Cotgrave, 1611. <i>Tapis</i>, +carpet, a green square-plot. Miege, 1684. The hangynges of a house or +chambre, in plurali, <i>aulæa ... Circundo cubiculum aulæis</i>, to +hange the chambre. The carpettes, <i>tapetes</i>. Withals.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_28" id="curt_note_28" href="#curt_tag_28">28.</a> +And he (a Grome of Chambyr) setteth nyghtly, after the seasons of the +yere, torchys, tortays, candylles of wax, mortars; and he setteth up the +<i>sises</i> in the King’s chambre, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 41, +‘these torches, five, seven, or nine; and as many <i>sises</i> sett upp +as there bee torches,’ <i>ib.</i> p. 114; and dayly iiii other of +these gromes, called wayters, to make fyres, to sett up tressyls and +bourdes, with yomen of chambre, and to help dresse the beddes of sylke +and arras. <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 41.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_28a" id="curt_note_28a" href="#curt_tag_28a">28a.</a> +? some omission after this line. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_192">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">193</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_29" id="curt_note_29" href="#curt_tag_29">29.</a> +Wardroppe, or closet—<i>garderobe</i>. Palsgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_30" id="curt_note_30" href="#curt_tag_30">30.</a> +See the duties of Edward IV.’s Sewar, <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 36.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_31" id="curt_note_31" href="#curt_tag_31">31.</a> +Manchet was the fine bread; chet, the coarse. Fr. <i>pain rouffet</i>, +Cheat, or boulted bread; houshold bread made of Wheat and Rie mingled. +Cotgrave.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">194</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_32" id="curt_note_32" href="#curt_tag_32">32.</a> +See the ‘Styward of Housholde,’ <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 55-6: ‘He is +head officer.’</p> + +<span class="pagenum">195</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_33" id="curt_note_33" href="#curt_tag_33">33.</a> +See the<ins class="mycorr" title="text has double quote “"> +‘</ins>Countroller of this houshold royall,’ <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 58-9.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_34" id="curt_note_34" href="#curt_tag_34">34.</a> +See the duties and allowances of A Surveyour for the Kyng, in +<i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 37.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_35" id="curt_note_35" href="#curt_tag_35">35.</a> +See the ‘chyef clerke of kychyn,’ t. Edw. IV., <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 70; and Henry VIII.’s Clerke of the Kitchen, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1539, <i>ib.</i> p. 235.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_36" id="curt_note_36" href="#curt_tag_36">36.</a> +The duties of the Chauncellor of Englond are not stated in Edw. IV.’s +Liber Niger, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 29; but one of the two Clerkys +of Grene-Clothe was accustomed to ‘delyver the clothinge of housholde,’ +p. 61.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">196</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_37" id="curt_note_37" href="#curt_tag_37">37.</a> +See the ‘Thesaurere of Housholde’ in Edw. IV.’s Liber Niger, +<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 56-8: ‘the grete charge of polycy and +husbandry of all this houshold growyth and stondyth moste part by hys +sad and dylygent pourveyaunce and conduytes.’</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_38" id="curt_note_38" href="#curt_tag_38">38.</a> +AS. <i>gerefa</i>, reeve, steward, bailiff.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">197</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_39" id="curt_note_39" href="#curt_tag_39">39.</a> +Rents, in kind or money; AS. <i>feorme</i>, food, goods.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_40" id="curt_note_40" href="#curt_tag_40">40.</a> +The Avener of Edw. IV. is mentioned in <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 69. +See the Charge of Henry VIII.’s Stable, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1526, <i>ib.</i> p. 206-7.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_41" id="curt_note_41" href="#curt_tag_41">41.</a> +Prouender or menglid corne—fovrraige ... <i>provende</i>. +Palsgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_42" id="curt_note_42" href="#curt_tag_42">42.</a> +See ‘two <i>cast</i> of brede,’ l. 631. ‘One caste of brede’ for +the Steward’s yeoman, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 56, &c.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_43" id="curt_note_43" href="#curt_tag_43">43.</a> +Mayster of the horses—<i>escvier de escvirie</i>. Palsg.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_44" id="curt_note_44" href="#curt_tag_44">44.</a> +See Rogers’s <i>Agriculture and Prices in England</i>, v. 1, +p. 280-1. The latest prices he gives for shoeing are in 1400; +“Alton Barnes, Shoeing 5 horses, a year, 6s. 8d. Takley, Shoeing 2 cart +horses [a year] 1s. 8d.” <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1466, +‘fore shoyinge ij.d.’ <i>Manners and Household Expenses</i> (ed. Dawson +Turner), 1841, p. 380. (Sir Jn. Howard, Knt., 1462-9.) The Percy +allowance in 1512 was “ij s +<span class="pagenum">198</span> +viiij d. every Hors Shoynge for the hole Yere by estimacion, Viz. a +Hors to be shodd oons in iij moneths withowt they jornay.” p. 24. A +horse’s daily allowance was ‘a Peck of Oats, or 4d. in B<i>re</i>ade +after iiij Loiffes, 4d. for Provaunder, from 29th Septr. 8 Hen. VIII. to +3rd May following,’ p. 266.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_45" id="curt_note_45" href="#curt_tag_45">45.</a> +See Edw. IV.’s Office of Bakehouse, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 68-70. +‘The sergeaunt of thys office to make continually of every busshell, +halfe chiete halfe rounde, besydes the flowre for the Kinges mouthe, +xxvii loves, every one weying, after one daye olde, xxiii ounces of +troye weyghtes.’ p. 69.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">199</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_46" id="curt_note_46" href="#curt_tag_46">46.</a> +In Edward the Fourth’s Court, ‘Knyghts of Household, XII, bachelers +sufficiant, and most valient men of that ordre of every countrey’ had +‘to serve the King of his bason.’ <i>H. Ord</i>. p. 33.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_47" id="curt_note_47" href="#curt_tag_47">47.</a> +<i>Replier</i>, To redouble, to bow, fould, or plait into many +doublings. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_48" id="curt_note_48" href="#curt_tag_48">48.</a> +Napkins? O. Fr. <i>brueroi</i> is <i>bruyère</i>, heath.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">200</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_49" id="curt_note_49" href="#curt_tag_49">49.</a> +? Du. <i>zijgen</i> (<i>door een zifte ofte Stramijn</i>), to runne +(through a Sift or a Strainer.). <i>een Suyle</i> a Pale or a +Water-pale. Hexham.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">201</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_50" id="curt_note_50" href="#curt_tag_50">50.</a> +covers. ‘Ovyr quelmyd or ouer hyllyde. <i>Obvolutus.</i>’ +P. Parv.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_51" id="curt_note_51" href="#curt_tag_51">51.</a> +A.S. <i>flett</i>, room, hall.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_52" id="curt_note_52" href="#curt_tag_52">52.</a> +See The Almonry of Henry VIII. <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> +1526, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 154, and p. 144; <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1539, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 239.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">203</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_53" id="curt_note_53" href="#curt_tag_53">53.</a> +Edward IV. had ‘Bannerettes, IIII, or Bacheler Knights, to be kervers +and cupberers in his Courte.’ ‘The kerver at the boarde, after the King +is passed it, may chese for hymself one dyshe or two, that plentie is +among.... Theis kervers and cupberers ... them nedeth to be well spede +in taking of degree in <i>the schole of urbanytie</i>.’ +<i>H. Ord.</i> p. 32-3<ins class="mycorr" title=". missing">. </ins></p> + +<span class="pagenum">204</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_54" id="curt_note_54" href="#curt_tag_54">54.</a> +See the ‘Office of Chaundlerye,’ <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 82-3. Paris +candles, torches, morters, tortayes, sizes, and smalle lightes, are +mentioned there.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">205</span> + +<p><a name="curt_note_55" id="curt_note_55" href="#curt_tag_55">55.</a> +Torche. <i>Cereus.</i> P. Parv.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_56" id="curt_note_56" href="#curt_tag_56">56.</a> +? same as <i>tortayes</i>, p. 192, note <sup>2</sup>; p. 204, +<i>n.</i> +<span class="notation"> +Notes <a href="#curt_note_28">28</a> and <a href="#curt_note_54">54</a> in this section.</span></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="curt_note_57" id="curt_note_57" href="#curt_tag_57">57.</a> +Pryket, of a candylstykke, or other lyke. <i>Stiga</i>, P. Parv. +Candlesticks (says Mr Way) in ancient times were not fashioned with +nozzles, but with long spikes or <i>prykets</i>.... (See wood cut at the +end of this book.) In the Memoriale of Henry, prior of Canterbury, <span +class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1285, the term <i>prikett</i> denotes, +not the candlestick, but the candle, formed with a corresponding cavity +at one end, whereby it was securely fixed upon the spike. p. 413, +n. 1. Henry VIII.’s allowance ‘unto our right dere and welbilovede the +Lady Lucy,’ July 16, 1533, included ‘at our Chaundrye barr, in Wynter, +every night oon <i>preket</i> and foure syses of Waxe, with eight +Candells white lights, and oon Torche.’ <i>Orig. Letters</i>, ed. Ellis, +Series I., vol. ii. p. 31.</p> + +<p><a name="curt_note_58" id="curt_note_58" href="#curt_tag_58">58.</a> +See note <sup>1</sup>, p. 189. +<span class="notation"> +<a href="#curt_note_16">Note 16</a> in this section.</span></p> + +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<a name="page206" id="page206"> </a> +<!-- png 328 --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">283</span> +<a name="page283" id="page283"> </a> +<!-- png 406 --> + +<h5><a name="curtasye_notes" id="curtasye_notes"> +NOTES TO THE BOOK OF CURTASYE.</a></h5> + +<p class="mynote"> +The Notes were printed near the end of the volume, immediately before +the Index. They have been moved here for convenience.</p> + +<div class="linenote"> + +<p>p. 188, <a href="#curt_line_376">l. 377-8</a>, <i>Statut.</i> The +only Statute about horse-hire that I can find, is 20 Ric. II. +cap. 5, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1396-7, given below. +I suppose the <i>Foure pens</i> of <a href="#curt_line_376">l. 376</a> of the <i>Boke of Curtasye</i> was the +price fixed by “the kyngis crye” or Proclamation, <a href="#curt_line_376">l. 378</a>, or by the sheriff or magistrates in +accordance with it as the “due Agreement to the party” required by the +Statute.</p> + +<p>“<i>Item.</i> Forasmuch as the Commons have made Complaint, that many +great Mischiefs Extortions & Oppressions be done by divers people of +evil Condition, which of their own Authority take & cause to be +taken royally Horses and other Things, and Beasts out of their Wains +Carts and Houses, saying & devising that they be to ride on hasty +Messages & Business, where of Truth they be in no wise privy of any +Business or Message, but only in Deceit & Subtilty, by such Colour +and Device to take Horses, and the said Horses hastily to ride & +evil entreat, having no Manner of Conscience or Compassion in this +Behalf, so that the said Horses become all spoiled and foundered, paying +no manner of Thing nor penny for the same, nor giving them any manner of +sustenance; and also that some such manner of people, changing & +altering their Names, do take and ride such Horses, and carry them far +from thence to another Place, so that they to whom they belong, can +never after by any mean see, have again, nor know their said Horses +where they be, to the great Mischief Loss Impoverishment & Hindrance +of the King’s poor People, their Husbandry, and of their Living: Our +Lord the King willing, for the Quietness and Ease of his People, to +provide Remedy thereof, will & hath ordained, That none from +henceforth shall take any such Horse or Beast in Such Manner, against +the Consent of them to whom they be; and if any that do, and have no +sufficient Warrant nor Authority of the King, he shall be taken and +imprisoned till he hath made due Agreement to the Party.”</p> + +<p>That this seizing of horses for the pretended use of the king was no +fancied grievance, even in much later times, is testified by Roger +Ascham’s letter to Lord Chancellor Wriothesley (? in +1546 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>) complaining of an +audacious seizure of the horse of the invalid Master of Peterhouse, +Cambridge, on the plea that it was to carry the king’s fish, whereas the +seizer’s own servant was the nag’s real burden: “tentatum est per +hominem apud nos valde turbulentum, nomine Maxwellum.” <i>Ascham’s +Works</i>, ed. Giles, v. 1, p. 99. In vols. ix., x., and xi. +of Rymer, I find no Proclamation or Edict about horse-hire. In 1413 +Henry V.’s <i>Herbergeator</i> is to provide +<span class="pagenum">284</span> +<a name="page284" id="page284"> </a> +<!-- png 407 --> +Henry le Scrop, knight, with all that he wants “Proviso semper quòd idem +Henricus pro hujusmodi Fœnis, Equis, Carectis, Cariagiis, & aliis +necessariis, per se, seu Homines & Servientes suos prædictos, ibidem +capiendis, fideliter solvat & satisfaciat, ut est justum.” +<i>Rymer</i>, ix. 13.</p> + +<p>The general rule shown by the documents in Rymer is that reasonable +payments be made.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<i>De Equis pro Cariagio Gunnorum Regis capiendis.</i></p> + +<p><span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1413 (1 Sept.), An. 1. Hen. V. +Pat. 1, Hen. V. p. 3, m. 19. Rex, Dilectis sibi, <i>Johanni +Sprong</i>, Armigero, & <i>Johanni Louth</i> Clerico, Salutem.</p> + +<p>Sciatis quod Assignavimus vos, conjunctim & divisim, ad tot +Equos, Boves, Plaustra, & Carectas, quot pro Cariagio certorum +Gunnorum nostrorum, ac aliarum Rerum pro eisdem Gunnis necessarium, a +Villa Bristolliæ usque Civitatem nostram Londoniæ, indiguerint, tàm +infra Libertates, quàm extea (Feodo Ecclesiæ dumtaxat excepto) pro +Denariis nostris, in hac parte rationabiliter solvendis Capiendum & +Providendum. <i>Rymer</i>, ix. p. 49.</p> + +<p>So in 1417 the order to have six <ins class="mycorr" title="txt unchanged: error for ‘feathers’?">wings</ins> plucked from the wing of +every goose (except those commonly called <i>Brodoges</i>—? brood +geese—) to make arrows for our archers, says that the feathers are +<i>rationabiliter solvendis</i>. See also p. 653.</p> + +<p>p. 188, <a href="#curt_line_358">l. 358</a>. <i>The +stuarde</i> and his <i>stafe</i>. Cp. Cavendish’s Life of Wolsey (ed. +Singer, i. 34), “he had in his hall, daily, three especial tables +furnished with three principal officers; that is to say, a Steward, +which was always a dean or a priest; a Treasurer, a knight; and a +Comptroller, an esquire; <i>which bare always within his house their +white staves.</i></p> + +<p>“Then had he a cofferer, three marshals, two yeomen ushers, two +grooms, and an almoner. He had in the hall-kitchen two clerks of his +kitchen, a clerk comptroller, a surveyor of the dresser, a clerk of +his spicery.” See the rest of Wolsey’s household officers, +p. 34-9.</p> + +<p>p. 190, <a href="#curt_line_409">l. 409</a>. <i>Ale.</i> +See in <i>Notes on the Months</i>, p. 418, the Song “Bryng us in +good ale,” copied from the MS. song-book of an Ipswich Minstrel of the +15th century, read by Mr Thomas Wright before the British Archæological +Association, August, 1864, and afterwards published in <i>The +Gentleman’s Magazine</i>. P.S.—The song was first printed complete +in Mr Wright’s edition of <i>Songs & Carols</i> for the Percy +Society, 1847, p. 63. He gives Ritson’s incomplete copy from Harl. +MS. 541, at p. 102.</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p class="in4">Bryng us in good ale, and bryng us in good ale;</p> +<p class="in4">For owr blyssyd lady sak, bryng us in good ale.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Bryng us in no browne bred, fore that is made of brane,</p> +<p>Nor bryng us in no whyt bred, for therin is no game;</p> +<p class="in4">But bryng us in good ale.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Bryng us in no befe, for there is many bonys;</p> +<p>But bryng us in good ale, for that goth downe at onys,</p> +<p class="in4">And bryng us in good ale.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">285</span> +<a name="page285" id="page285"> </a> +<!-- png 408 --> + +<p class="stanza"> +Bryng us in no bacon, for that is passing fate;</p> +<p>But bryng us in good ale, and gyfe us i-nought of that,</p> +<p class="in4">And bryng us in good ale.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Bryng us in no mutton, for that is often lene,</p> +<p>Nor bryng us in no trypes, for thei be syldom clene;</p> +<p class="in4">But bryng us in good ale.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Bryng us in no eggys, for ther ar many schelles;</p> +<p>But bryng us in good ale, and gyfe us no[th]yng ellys,</p> +<p class="in4">And bryng us in good ale.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Bryng vs in no butter, for therin ar many herys</p> +<p>Nor bryng us in no pygges flesch, for that will make us borys;</p> +<p class="in4">But bryng us in good ale.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Bryng us in no podynges, for therin is al Godes-good;</p> +<p>Nor bryng us in no venesen, for that is not for owr blood;</p> +<p class="in4">But bryng us in good ale.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Bryng us in no capons flesch, for that is ofte der;</p> +<p>Nor bryng us in no dokes flesche, for thei slober in the mer;</p> +<p class="in4">But bryng us in good ale.</p> +</div> + +<p>See also the other ale song at p. 81 of the same volume, with +the burden</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p class="in4">Doll thi ale, doll; doll thi ale, doll;</p> +<p class="in4">Ale mak many a mane to have a doty poll.</p> +</div> + +<p>p. 191, <a href="#curt_line_435">l. 435</a>, +<i>Gromes.</i> “the said four groomes, or two of them at the least, +shall repaire and be in the King’s privy chamber, at the farthest +between six and seven of the clock in the morning, or sooner, as they +shall have knowledge that the King’s highnesse intendeth to be up early +in the morning; which groomes so comen to the said chamber, shall not +onely avoyde the pallets, but also make ready the fire, dresse and straw +the chamber, purgeing and makeing cleane of the same of all manner of +filthynesse, in such manner and wise as the King’s highnesse, at his +upriseing and comeing thereunto, may finde the said chamber pure, +cleane, whollsome, and meete, without any displeasant aire or thing, as +the health, commodity, and pleasure of his most noble person doth +require.” <i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 155, cap. 56, <span +class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1526.</p> +</div> <!-- end div linenote --> +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">207</span> +<a name="page207" id="page207"> </a> +<!-- png 329 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="demeanor" id="demeanor"> +<img src="images/page207header.png" width="290" height="393" +alt="The Boke of / Demeanor / and / the Allowance and / Disallowance / of / certaine Misdemeanors / in / Companie," +title="The Boke of / Demeanor / and / the Allowance and / Disallowance / of / certaine Misdemeanors / in / Companie,"> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[From the reprint by Bensley & Sons (in 1817) of<br> +“The Booke of Demeanor from Small Poems entitled<br> +<i>The Schoole of Vertue</i> by Richard Weste,” 1619, 12mo.]</p> + +<span class="pagenum">208</span> +<a name="page208" id="page208"> </a> +<!-- png 330 --> + +<h4><a name="dem_acrostic" id="dem_acrostic">To the Reader.</a></h4> + +<table summary="acrostic on Richard Weste"> +<tr> +<td>R</td><td>Ightly conceiue me, and obserue me well,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>I</td><td>Doe what heere is done for Childrens good,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>C</td><td>Hrist in his Gospell (as S. Marke doth tell)</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>H</td><td>Ath not forbidden Children, nor withstood</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>A</td><td>Ny that should but aske the ready way,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>R</td><td>Egarding Children, not to say them nay.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>D</td><td>Irecting all that came, how faith should be,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>W</td><td>Hat they should crave of Gods high Majestie,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>E</td><td>Ven Salvation, through their faithful Prayer,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>S</td><td>Ending their contemplations into the ayre,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>T</td><td>O his high throne, whose love so guide us all</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>E</td><td>Ven to the end we neuer cease to call.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="subhead"> +[N.B.—The stops and sidenotes are those of the original, but that +has no Headlines.]</p> + +<span class="pagenum">209</span> +<a name="page209" id="page209"> </a> +<!-- png 331 --> + +<h4 class="extended"> +<span class="larger">The Booke of</span><br> +Demeanor.</h4> + +<div class="verse"> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Serving at the table.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Stand straight vpright, and both thy feet</p> +<p class="in1">together closely standing,</p> +<p>Be sure on’t, ever let thine eye</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_4" id="dem_line_4">4</a></span> +<p class="in1">be still at thy commanding.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Observe that nothing wanting be</p> +<p class="in1">which should be on the bord.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Silence</span> +<p>Vnlesse a question moved be,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_8" id="dem_line_8">8</a></span> +<p class="in1">be carefull: not a word.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Serving or filling drinke.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +If thou doe give or fill the drinke,</p> +<p class="in1">with duty set it downe,</p> +<p>And take it backe with manlike cheere</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_12" id="dem_line_12">12</a></span> +<p class="in1">not like a rusticke Lowne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[p. 6.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If on an errand.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +If on an errand thou be sent,</p> +<p class="in1">make haste and doe not stay,</p> +<p>When all have done, observe the time,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_16" id="dem_line_16">16</a></span> +<p class="in1">serve God and take away.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +To schoole againe.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +When thou hast done and dined well,</p> +<p class="in1">remember thou repaire</p> +<p>To schoole againe with carefulnesse,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_20" id="dem_line_20">20</a></span> +<p class="in1">be that thy cheefest care.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +And marke what shall be read to thee,</p> +<p class="in1">or given thee to learne,</p> +<p>That apprehend as neere as may be,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_24" id="dem_line_24">24</a></span> +<p class="in1">wisdome so doth warne.</p> +<span class="pagenum">210</span> +<a name="page210" id="page210"> </a> +<!-- png 332 --> + +<p class="stanza"> +With stedfast eye and carefull eare,</p> +<p class="in1">remember every word</p> +<p>Thy Schoole master shall speake to thee,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_28" id="dem_line_28">28</a></span> +<p class="in1">as memory shall afford.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[p. 7.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +To use the browes.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Let not thy browes be backward drawn,</p> +<p class="in1">it is a signe of pride,</p> +<p>Exalt them not, it shewes a hart</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_32" id="dem_line_32">32</a></span> +<p class="in1">most arrogant beside.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The eyes.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Nor let thine eyes be gloting downe,</p> +<p class="in1">cast with a hanging looke:</p> +<p>For that to dreamers doth belong,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_36" id="dem_line_36">36</a></span> +<p class="in1">that goodnesse cannot brooke.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The forehead.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Let forehead joyfull be and full,</p> +<p class="in1">it shewes a merry part,</p> +<p>And cheerefulnesse in countenance,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_40" id="dem_line_40">40</a></span> +<p class="in1">and pleasantnesse of heart.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Countenance.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Nor wrinckled let thy countenance be,</p> +<p class="in1">still going to and fro:</p> +<p>For that belongs to hedge-hogs right,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_44" id="dem_line_44">44</a></span> +<p class="in1">they wallow even so.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[p. 8.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The nose.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Nor imitate with Socrates,</p> +<p class="in1">to wipe thy snivelled nose</p> +<p>Vpon thy cap, as he would doe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_48" id="dem_line_48">48</a></span> +<p class="in1">nor yet upon thy clothes.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +But keepe it cleane with handkerchiffe,</p> +<p class="in1">provided for the same,</p> +<p>Not with thy fingers or thy sleeve,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_52" id="dem_line_52">52</a></span> +<p class="in1">therein thou art too blame.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Blowing or breathing.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Blow not alowd as thou shalt stand,</p> +<p class="in1">for that is most absurd,</p> +<span class="pagenum">211</span> +<a name="page211" id="page211"> </a> +<!-- png 333 --> +<p>Iust like a broken winded horse.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_56" id="dem_line_56">56</a></span> +<p class="in1">it is to be abhord.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Snuffling in the nose when you speake.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Nor practize snufflngly to speake,</p> +<p class="in1">for that doth imitate</p> +<p>The brutish Storke and Elephant,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_60" id="dem_line_60">60</a></span> +<p class="in1">yea and the wralling cat.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[p. 9.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Neezing.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +If thou of force doe chance to neeze,</p> +<p class="in1">then backewards turne away</p> +<p>From presence of the company,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_64" id="dem_line_64">64</a></span> +<p class="in1">wherein thou art to stay.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Cheekes.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Thy cheekes with shamefac’t modesty,</p> +<p class="in1">dipt in Dame Natures die,</p> +<p>Not counterfet, nor puffed out,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_68" id="dem_line_68">68</a></span> +<p class="in1">observe it carefully.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Breathing.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Keepe close thy mouth, for why, thy breath</p> +<p class="in1">may hap to give offence,</p> +<p>And other worse may be repayd</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_72" id="dem_line_72">72</a></span> +<p class="in1">for further recompence.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Lips.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Nor put thy lips out like a foole</p> +<p class="in1">as thou wouldst kisse a horse,</p> +<p>When thou before thy betters art,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_76" id="dem_line_76">76</a></span> +<p class="in1">and what is ten times worse,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[p. 10.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Yawning.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +To gape in such unseemely sort,</p> +<p class="in1">with ugly gaping mouth,</p> +<p>Is like an image pictured</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_80" id="dem_line_80">80</a></span> +<p class="in1">a blowing from the south.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Which to avoyd, then turne about,</p> +<p class="in1">and with a napkin hide</p> +<p>That gaping foule deformity,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_84" id="dem_line_84">84</a></span> +<p class="in1">when thou art so aside.</p> +<span class="pagenum">212</span> +<a name="page212" id="page212"> </a> +<!-- png 334 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Laughing.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +To laugh at all things thou shalt heare,</p> +<p class="in1">is neither good nor fit,</p> +<p>It shewes the property and forme</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_88" id="dem_line_88">88</a></span> +<p class="in1">of one with little wit.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Biting the lip.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +To bite the lip it seemeth base,</p> +<p class="in1">for why, to lay it open,</p> +<p>Most base dissembling doggednesse,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_92" id="dem_line_92">92</a></span> +<p class="in1">most sure it doth betoken.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text unchanged: error for ‘11.’?">1.</ins>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Biting the upper lip.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +And so to bite the upper lip</p> +<p class="in1">doth most uncomely shew,</p> +<p>The lips set close (as like to kisse)</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_96" id="dem_line_96">96</a></span> +<p class="in1">in manner seeme not so.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The tongue.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +To put the tongue out wantonly,</p> +<p class="in1">and draw it in agen,</p> +<p>Betokens mocking of thy selfe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_100" id="dem_line_100">100</a></span> +<p class="in1">in all the eyes of men,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Spitting.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +If spitting chance to move thee so</p> +<p class="in1">thou canst it not forbeare,</p> +<p>Remember do it modestly,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_104" id="dem_line_104">104</a></span> +<p class="in1">consider who is there.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +If filthiness, or ordure thou</p> +<p class="in1">upon the floore doe cast,</p> +<p>Tread out, and cleanse it with thy foot,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_108" id="dem_line_108">108</a></span> +<p class="in1">let that be done with haste.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[p. 12.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Hammering in speech.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +If in thy tale thou hammering stand,</p> +<p class="in1">or coughing twixt thy words,</p> +<p>It doth betoken a liers smell,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_112" id="dem_line_112">112</a></span> +<p class="in1">that’s all that it affords.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Belching.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +To belch or bulch like <i>Clitipho</i>,</p> +<p class="in1">whom <i>Terence</i> setteth forth,</p> +<span class="pagenum">213</span> +<a name="page213" id="page213"> </a> +<!-- png 335 --> +<p>Commendeth manners to be base,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_116" id="dem_line_116">116</a></span> +<p class="in1">most foule and nothing worth.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Vomiting.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +If thou to vomit be constrain’d,</p> +<p class="in1">avoyd from company:</p> +<p>So shall it better be excus’d,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_120" id="dem_line_120">120</a></span> +<p class="in1">if not through gluttony.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keeping the teeth cleane.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Keep white thy teeth, and wash thy mouth</p> +<p class="in1">with water pure and cleane,</p> +<p>And in that washing, mannerly</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_124" id="dem_line_124">124</a></span> +<p class="in1">observe and keep a meane.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[p. 13.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Kembing the head.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Thy head let that be kembd and trimd,</p> +<p class="in1">let not thy haire be long,</p> +<p>It is unseemely to the eye,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_128" id="dem_line_128">128</a></span> +<p class="in1">rebuked by the tongue.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Hanging down the head</span> +<p class="stanza"> +And be not like a slothfull wight,</p> +<p class="in1">delighted to hang downe</p> +<p>The head, and lift the shoulders up,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_132" id="dem_line_132">132</a></span> +<p class="in1">nor with thy browes to frowne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Carriage of the body.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +To carry up the body faire,</p> +<p class="in1">is decent, and doth shew</p> +<p>A comely grace in any one,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_136" id="dem_line_136">136</a></span> +<p class="in1">Where ever he doth goe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Hanging the head aside.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +To hang the head on any side,</p> +<p class="in1">doth shew hypocrisie:</p> +<p>And who shall use it trust him not,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_140" id="dem_line_140">140</a></span> +<p class="in1">he deales with policie.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[p. 14.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Privy members.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Let not thy privy members be</p> +<p class="in1">layd open to be view’d,</p> +<p>It is most shamefull and abhord,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_144" id="dem_line_144">144</a></span> +<p class="in1">detestable and rude.</p> +<span class="pagenum">214</span> +<a name="page214" id="page214"> </a> +<!-- png 336 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Urine or winde.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Retaine not urine nor the winde,</p> +<p class="in1">which doth thy body vex,</p> +<p>So it be done with secresie,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_148" id="dem_line_148">148</a></span> +<p class="in1">let that not thee perplex.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sitting.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +And in thy sitting use a meane,</p> +<p class="in1">as may become thee well,</p> +<p>Not straddling, no nor tottering,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_152" id="dem_line_152">152</a></span> +<p class="in1">and dangling like a bell.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Curtesie.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Observe in Curtesie to take</p> +<p class="in1">a rule of decent kinde,</p> +<p>Bend not thy body too far foorth,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_156" id="dem_line_156">156</a></span> +<p class="in1">nor backe thy leg behind.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[p. 15.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The gate in going.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +In going keep a decent gate,</p> +<p class="in1">not faining lame or broken,</p> +<p>For that doth seeme but wantonnesse,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_160" id="dem_line_160">160</a></span> +<p class="in1">and foolishnesse betoken.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Apparrell.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Let thy apparrell not exceede,</p> +<p class="in1">to passe for sumptuous cost,</p> +<p>Nor altogether be too base,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_164" id="dem_line_164">164</a></span> +<p class="in1">for so thy credit’s lost.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Be modest in thy wearing it,</p> +<p class="in1">and keep it neat and cleane,</p> +<p>For spotted, dirty, or the like,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_168" id="dem_line_168">168</a></span> +<p class="in1">is lothsome to be seene.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +This for thy body may suffice,</p> +<p class="in1">how that must ordred be:</p> +<p>Now at the Church thou shalt observe</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="dem_line_172" id="dem_line_172">172</a></span> +<p class="in1">to God how all must be.</p> +</div> + +<p class="footnote"> +[<i>No doubt incomplete, or to be inserted before</i> Cap. v. <i>of</i> +Weste’s Schoole of Vertue, <i>at the end of this Part.</i> +F. J. F.]</p> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">215</span> +<a name="page215" id="page215"> </a> +<!-- png 337 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="grossetest" id="grossetest"> +<img src="images/page215header.png" width="353" height="33" +alt="Bp. Grossetest’s Household Statutes." +title="Bp. Grossetest’s Household Statutes."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>Sloane MS.</i> 1986, <i>p.</i> 193, <i>ab.</i> 1450-60. <i>The last +page<br> +mentions the 19th year of Henry VI.,</i> <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1440-1.]</p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<h5>INcipiunt statuta familie bone Memorie do<ins class="mycorr" title="damaged type, looks like ‘n ’ with space"><i>m</i></ins>pni<br> +Rob<i>er</i>ti Grossetest, lincoln<i>i</i>e ep<i>iscop</i>i.</h5> + +<p><span class="largecap">L</span>et alle men be warned þ<i>a</i>t +s<i>er</i>uen ȝou, and warnyng be ȝeue to all<i>e</i> me<i>n</i> that be +of howseholde, +<span class="sidenote"> +All servants should serve truly God and their Master;</span> +to <i>ser</i>ue god and ȝou trewly & diligently and to +p<i>er</i>formyng, or the wyllyng of god to be p<i>er</i>formed and +fulfyllydde. +<span class="sidenote original"> +p<i>ri</i>m<i>us</i> u<i>e</i>r<i>sicu</i>l<i>us</i></span> +<span class="sidenote"> +doing fully all that their Master orders,</span> +<a name="gross_i" id="gross_i">Fyrst</a> let +s<i>er</i>uaunt<i>is</i> doo p<i>er</i>fytely in all<i>e</i> +thyng<i>is</i> youre wylle, and kepe they ȝoure +<i>com</i>maundement<i>is</i> after god and ryȝthwysnesse, and +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute co<i>n</i>dicioñ and also +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute gref or offense. And sey ȝe, that be +p<i>ri</i>ncipall<i>e</i> heuede or prelate to all<i>e</i> ȝoure +s<i>er</i>uaunt<i>is</i> both<i>e</i> lesse and mor<i>e</i>, that they +doo fully, reedyly, and treuly, +<span class="sidenote"> +without answering.</span> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute offense or ayenseyng, all<i>e</i> youre wille +& co<i>m</i>maundement that is not ayeynys god. +<span class="sidenote original"> +2<sup><i>us</i></sup></span> +T<a name="gross_tag_a" id="gross_tag_a" href="#gross_note_a">*</a> +<a name="gross_ii" id="gross_ii">the secunde ys</a>, that ȝe +co<i>m</i>maunde them that kepe and haue kepyng of ȝoure howseholde, +<span class="sidenote"> +The upper servants must be honest and diligent,</span> +a-fore ȝoure meynye, that bothe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-in and +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute the meynye be trewe, honest, diligent, +both<i>e</i> chast and p<i>ro</i>fitabulle. +<span class="sidenote original"> +3<sup><i>us</i></sup></span> +<a name="gross_iii" id="gross_iii">¶ the thrydde</a>: +co<i>m</i>maunde ye that nomañ be admittyd in ȝoure howseholde, nother +inwarde nother vtwarde, +<span class="sidenote"> +and engage no untrusty or unfit man.</span> +but hit be trustyd and leuyd that ȝe be trewe and diligent, and namely +to that office to the whiche he is admyttyd; Also þ<i>a</i>t he be of +goode man<i>er</i>s +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_iv" id="gross_iv">iv.</a></span> +¶ The fowreth<i>e</i>: be hit sowȝht and examined ofte tymys yf +ther be ony vntrewman, vnkunnyng, +<span class="sidenote"> +Dishonest,</span> +vnhonest, lecherous, +<span class="pagenum">216</span> +<a name="page216" id="page216"> </a> +<!-- png 338 --> +<span class="sidenote"> +quarrelsome, and drunken servants must be turned out.</span> +stryffull<i>e</i>, +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* p. 194]</span> +drunke*lewe, vnp<i>ro</i>fitabull<i>e</i>, yf there be ony suche yfunde +or diffamydde vppon these thyng<i>is</i>, that they be caste oute or put +fro the howseholde. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_v" id="gross_v">v.</a> All must be of one +accord,</span> +¶ The fyft: co<i>m</i>maunde ȝe that in no wyse be in the +howseholde men debatefull<i>e</i> or stryffull<i>e</i>, but that +all<i>e</i> be of ooñ a-corde, of ooñ wylle, euen lyke as in them ys oon +mynde and oon sowle. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_vi" id="gross_vi">vi.</a></span> +¶ The sixte: co<i>m</i>maunde ȝe that all<i>e</i> tho that +s<i>er</i>uen in ony offyce be +<span class="sidenote"> +obedient to those above them,</span> +obedient, and redy, to the<i>m</i> that be a-bofe them in thyng<i>is</i> +that p<i>er</i>teynyñ to there office. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_vii" id="gross_vii">vii.</a></span> +¶ The seuenth<i>e</i>: co<i>m</i>maunde ȝe that ȝoure gentilmen +yome<i>n</i> and other, dayly bere and +<span class="sidenote"> +dress in livery,</span> +were there robis in ȝoure p<i>re</i>sence, and namely at the mete, for +ȝoure worshyppe, and not oolde robis and not cordyng to the +lyu<i>er</i>ey, +<span class="sidenote"> +and not wear old shoes.</span> +nother were they oolde schoon ne fylyd. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_viii" id="gross_viii">viii.</a></span> +¶ The viij: +<span class="sidenote"> +Order your Alms to be</span> +Commaunde ȝe that ȝoure almys be kepyd, & not sende not to boys and +knafis, nother in the hall<i>e</i> nothe out<i>e</i> of þe hall<i>e</i>, +ne be wasted in soperys ne dyners of gromys, but wysely, +temp<i>er</i>atly, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute bate or betyng, +<span class="sidenote"> +given to the poor and sick.</span> +be hit distribute and the[n] dep<i>ar</i>tyd to powre meñ, beggers, syke +folke and febull<i>e</i>. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_ix" id="gross_ix">ix.</a> Make all the household dine +together in the Hall.</span> +¶ The ix.: Make ȝe ȝoure owne howseholde to sytte in the +all<i>e</i>, as muche as ye mow or may, at the bordis of oon +p<i>ar</i>te and of the other p<i>ar</i>te, and lette them sitte +to-gedur as mony as may, not here fowre and thre there: and when youre +chef maynye be sett, then all<i>e</i> gromys +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* p. 195]</span> +may* entre, sitte, And ryse +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_x" id="gross_x">x.</a> Let no woman dine with +you.</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>wyfe</i>] MS. wyse</span> +¶ The x.: Streytly for-bede ȝe that no <span class="texttag">wyfe</span> be at ȝoure mete. And sytte ȝe eu<i>er</i> in the +myddul of the hye borde, +<span class="sidenote"> +Let the Master show himself to all.</span> +that youre fysegge and chere be schewyd to all<i>e</i> meñ of bothe +p<i>ar</i>tyes, and that ȝe may see lyȝhtly the s<i>er</i>uic<i>is</i> +and defawt<i>is</i>: and diligently see ȝe that eu<i>er</i>y day in +ȝoure mete seson be two men ordeyned to ou<i>er</i>-se youre mayny, and +of that they shall<i>e</i> drede ȝou +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_xi" id="gross_xi">xi.</a></span> +¶ The xi: co<i>m</i>maunde ȝe, and yeue licence as lytul tyme as ye +may w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> honeste to them that be in ȝoure howseholde, +<span class="sidenote"> +Let your servants go to their homes.</span> +to go home. And whenne ȝe yeue licence +<span class="pagenum">217</span> +<a name="page217" id="page217"> </a> +<!-- png 339 --> +to the<i>m</i>, Assigne ȝe to them a short day of comyng a yeyne +vnd<i>ur</i> peyne of lesyng ther<i>e</i> s<i>er</i>uice. +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t allow grumbling.</span> +And yf ony mañ speke ayen or be +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>worth</i>e] t.i. wroth</span> +<span class="texttag">worth<i>e</i></span>, say to hym, “what! wille +ye be lorde? ye wylle þ<i>a</i>t y s<i>er</i>ue you after ȝoure wylle.” +and they that wylle not here that ȝe say, effectually be they ywarnyd, +and ye shall<i>e</i> p<i>ro</i>uide other s<i>er</i>uant<i>is</i> the +which<i>e</i> shall<i>e</i> s<i>er</i>ue you to your<i>e</i> wylle or +plesyng. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_xii" id="gross_xii">xii.</a> Tell your Panter and +Butler to come to the table before grace.</span> +¶ The xij is: <i>comman</i>d the panyt<i>r</i>ere +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> youre brede, & the botelare w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +wyne and ale, come to-gedur afore ȝou at the tabull<i>e</i> afore +gracys, +<span class="sidenote"> +Tell off three yeomen to wait at table.</span> +And let be there thre yome<i>n</i> assigned to s<i>er</i>ue the hye +tabull<i>e</i> and the two syde tabullis in solenne dayes; ¶ And +ley they not the vessels deseruyng for ale and wyne vppon the +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* p. 196]</span> +tabull<i>e</i>,* but afore you, But be thay layid vnder þe +tabull<i>e</i>. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_xiii" id="gross_xiii">xiii.</a></span> +¶ The 13: +<span class="sidenote"> +Tell the Steward to keep good order in the Hall,</span> +co<i>m</i>maunde ye the stywarde þ<i>a</i>t he be besy and diligent to +kepe the maynye i<i>n</i> hys owne p<i>er</i>sone i<i>n</i>warde and +vtwarde, and namely in the hall<i>e</i> and at mete, that they be-haue +them selfe honestly, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-out stryffe, fowlespekyng, and +noyse; And that they that be ordeynyd to sette messys, +<span class="sidenote"> +and serve every one fairly.</span> +bryng them be ordre and c<i>on</i>tinuelly tyl all<i>e</i> be +s<i>er</i>ued, and not inordinatly, And thorow +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>affeccion</i>] MS. affecciori</span> +<span class="texttag">affeccion</span> to p<i>er</i>sonys or by +specialte; And take ȝe hede to this tyl messys be fully sett in the +hall<i>e</i>, and aft<i>er</i> tende ye to ȝoure mette. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_xiv" id="gross_xiv">xiv.</a> Have your dish well +filled</span> +¶ The xiiij: c<i>om</i>maunde ȝe þ<i>a</i>t youre dysshe be +well<i>e</i> fyllyd and hepid, and namely of ent<i>er</i>mes, and of +pitance w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute fat, +<span class="sidenote"> +that you may help others to it.</span> +carkyng that ȝe may p<i>ar</i>te coureteysly to thoo that sitte beside, +bothe of the ryght hande and the left, thorow all<i>e</i> the hie +tabulle, and to other as plesyth<i>e</i> you, thowȝght they haue of the +same that ye haue. At the sop<i>er</i> be s<i>er</i>uant<i>is</i> +s<i>er</i>uid of oon messe, & byȝth met<i>is</i>, & aft<i>er</i> +of chese. ¶ And yf the[r] come gest<i>is</i>, s<i>er</i>uice +schall<i>e</i> be haued as nedyth<i>e</i>. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_xv" id="gross_xv">xv.</a> Always admit your special +friends, and show them you are glad to see them.</span> +¶ The xv: co<i>m</i>maunde ye the officers that they admitte youre +knowlechyd men, familiers frendys, and strangers, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +mery chere, the +<span class="pagenum">218</span> +<a name="page218" id="page218"> </a> +<!-- png 340 --> +wh[i]che they knowen you to wille for to admitte and receyue, and to +them the whiche wylle you worschipe, +<span class="sidenote page"> +[* p. 197]</span> +and* they wylleñ to do that ye wylle to do, that they may know them +selfe to haue be welcome to ȝou, and to be welle plesyd that they be +come. +¶ And al so much<i>e</i> as ȝe may w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute +p<i>er</i>il of sykenes & werynys ete ȝe in the halle afore ȝoure +meyny, +¶ For that schall<i>e</i> be to ȝou p<i>ro</i>fyte and worshippe. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_xvi" id="gross_xvi">xvi.</a> Talk familiarly to your +Bailiffs,</span> +¶ The xvj: when your<i>e</i> ballyfs comyn a-fore ȝoure, speke to +the<i>m</i> fayr<i>e</i> and gentilly in opyñ place, and not in +p<i>ri</i>uey, ¶ And shew them mery cher<i>e</i>, +<span class="sidenote"> +ask how your tenants and store do.</span> +& serche and axe of them “how fare owr<i>e</i> meñ & +tenaunt<i>is</i>, & how cornys dooñ, & cart<i>is</i>, and of +owr<i>e</i> stor<i>e</i> how hit ys m<i>u</i>ltiplyed,” Axe suche +thyng<i>is</i> ope<i>n</i>ly, and knowe ȝe certeynly that they wille the +more drede ȝou. +<span class="sidenote"> +<a name="gross_xvii" id="gross_xvii">xvii.</a> Allow no private +meals; only those in Hall.</span> +¶ The xvij: co<i>m</i>maunde ȝe that din<i>er</i>is and sopers +p<i>ri</i>uely i<i>n</i> hid plase be not had, & be thay forbeden +that there be no suche dyn<i>er</i>s nother sopers oute of the +hall<i>e</i>, For of such<i>e</i> cometh<i>e</i> grete destr[u]ccion, +and no worshippe therby growyth<i>e</i> to the lorde.</p> + +<p class="center"> +¶ Expliciu<i>n</i>t Statuta Familie bone Memorie.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p>Prof. Brewer has, I find, printed these <i>Statuta</i> in his most +interesting and valuable <i>Monumenta Franciscana</i>, 1858, +p. 582-6. He differs from Mr Brock and me in reading +<i>drunkelewe</i> (drunken, in Chaucer, &c.) as ‘drunke, lewe,’ and +<i>vessels</i> as ‘bossels,’ and in adding <i>e</i>’s<a class="tag" +name="gross_tag_1" id="gross_tag_1" href="#gross_note_1">1</a> to +some final <i>g</i>’s. He says, by way of Introduction, that, “Though +entitled Ordinances for the Household of Bishop Grostete, this is +evidently a Letter addressed to the Bishop on the management of his +Household by some very intimate friend. From the terms used in the +Letter, it is clear that the writer must have been on confidential terms +with the Prelate. I cannot affirm positively that the writer was Adam de +Marisco, although to no other would this document be attributed with +greater probability. No one else enjoyed such a degree of Grostete’s +affection; none would have ventured to address him with so much +familiarity. Besides, the references made more than once by Adam de +Marisco in his letters to the management of the Bishop’s household, +greatly strengthen this supposition. See pp. 160, 170 (<i>Mon. +Francisc.</i>). The MS. is a small quarto on vellum, in the writing of +the 15th century. It is in all probability a translation from a Latin +original.”</p> + +<div class="footnote"> <!-- nested footnote --> +<p><a name="gross_note_a" id="gross_note_a" href="#gross_tag_a">*</a> +<i>The <em>T</em> of <em>T the</em> is used as a paragraph mark in +the MS.</i> +<span class="notation"> +Italics partly added by transcriber; see +<a class="external" href="#corr_215">Corrigenda</a>.</span></p> + +<p class="allclear"> +<a name="gross_note_1" id="gross_note_1" href="#gross_tag_1">1.</a> +In this he is probably right. The general custom of editors justifies +it. Our printers want a pig-tailed or curly <i>g</i> to correspond with +the MS. one.</p> +</div> +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">219</span> +<a name="page219" id="page219"> </a> +<!-- png 341 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="counsel" id="counsel"> +<img src="images/page219header.png" width="325" height="32" +alt="Stanzas and Couplets of Counsel." +title="Stanzas and Couplets of Counsel."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>From the Rawlinson MS., C.</i> 86, <i>fol.</i> 31,<br> +<i>in the Bodleian Library.</i>]</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<p class="stanza"> +Vtter thy langage wyth good avisement;</p> +<p>Reule the by Reasou<i>n</i> in thy termoȝ all<i>e</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Never mistrust or fail your friend.</span> +<p>Mystruste not thy frende for non<i>e</i> accusement,</p> +<span class="linenum">4</span> +<p>Fayle him neu<i>er</i> at nede, what so eu<i>er</i> +befall<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Solace þi selfe when men<i>n</i> to sporte þee call<i>e</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t talk too much.</span> +<p>Largely to speke be wele ware for þ<i>a</i>t cause;</p> +<p>Roll<i>e</i> faste this reasou<i>n</i> & thynke wele on +þ<i>i</i>s clause.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Spare your master’s goods as your own.</span> +<span class="linenum">8</span> +<p class="stanza">What man<i>n</i> þ<i>o</i>u s<i>er</i>uyst, +all<i>e</i> wey him drede;</p> +<p>His good as þyñ owne, eu<i>er</i> þ<i>o</i>u spare.</p> +<p>Lette neu<i>er</i> þy wyll<i>e</i> þy witt ou<i>er</i> lede,</p> +<p>But be glad of eu<i>er</i>y mannys welfare.</p> + +<span class="linenum">12</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Folus lade polys; wisemen<i>n</i> ete þe fysshe;</p> +<p>Wisemen<i>n</i> hath in þ<i>er</i> hondis ofte þ<i>a</i>t folys +aft<i>er</i> wyssh<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +A lawless youth, a despised old age.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Who so in youthe no vertu vsith,</p> +<p>In age all<i>e</i> hono<i>ur</i> him refusith.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">220</span> +<a name="page220" id="page220"> </a> +<!-- png 342 --> + +<span class="linenum">16</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Deame þ<i>e</i>e best in eu<i>er</i>y doute</p> +<p>Tyl þe trouthe be tryed oute.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +A Gentleman says the best he can of every one.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +It is þe properte of A gentilman<i>n</i></p> +<p>To say the beste þ<i>a</i>t he can<i>n</i>.</p> + +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Si vieȝ doler<i>e</i> tua crimina die miserer<i>e</i></p> +<p>Permiserere mei frangitur ira dei</p> + +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p>[Follows:—Policronica.</p> + +<p>Josephus of Iewes þ<i>a</i>t Nobyl was, the firste Aucto<i>ur</i> of +the booke of Policronica, &c.]</p> +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="titlepage"> + +<span class="pagenum">221</span> +<a name="page221" id="page221"> </a> +<!-- png 343 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="vertue" id="vertue"> +<img src="images/page221header1.png" width="306" height="110" +alt="The schoole / of Vertue, and booke of" +title="The schoole / of Vertue, and booke of /"> +</a></p> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/page221header2.png" width="247" height="149" +alt="good Nourture for chyldren, and / youth to learne theyr dutie by, / Newely perused, corrected, / and augmented by the / fyrst Auctour" +title="good Nourture for chyldren, and / youth to learne theyr dutie by, / Newely perused, corrected, / and augmented by the / fyrst Auctour"> +</p> + +<p class="center">F. S.[eager]</p> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/page221header3.png" width="210" height="40" +alt="With a briefe declaracion of the / dutie of eche degree." +title="With a briefe declaracion of the / dutie of eche degree."> +</p> + +<p class="subhead">Anno. 1557.</p> + +<p class="subhead"> +Dispise not councel, rebuking foly<br> +Esteme it as, nedefull and holy. +</p> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/page221header4.png" width="231" height="84" +alt=" ¶ Imprinted at London in Paules / Churchyarde at the signe of / the Hedgehogge by / Wyllyam Seares." +title=" ¶ Imprinted at London in Paules / Churchyarde at the signe of / the Hedgehogge by / Wyllyam Seares."> +</p> + +</div> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">222</span> +<a name="page222" id="page222"> </a> +<!-- png 344 --> + +<h5><a name="vertue_acrostic" id="vertue_acrostic"> +¶ THE AUCTOURS NAME IN VERDYT.</a></h5> + +<table class="list" summary="acrostic on Seager"> +<col class="box"> +<col> +<col> +<tr> +<td>S</td> +<td>Saye well some wyll</td> +<td>by this my labour</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>E</td> +<td>Euery man yet</td> +<td>Wyll not say the same</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>A</td> +<td>Amonge the good</td> +<td>I doubt not fauour</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>G</td> +<td>God them forgeue</td> +<td>For it me blame</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>E</td> +<td>Eche man I wyshe</td> +<td>It shall offende</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>R</td> +<td>Reade and then iudge</td> +<td>Where faulte is amende</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="center"> +Face aut Tace.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">223</span> +<a name="page223" id="page223"> </a> +<!-- png 345 --> + +<h4><a name="vertue_contents" id="vertue_contents"> +CONTENTS.</a></h4> + +<p class="subhead"> +(<i>Taken from the headings in the Text.</i>)</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td></td><td></td> +<td colspan="2" class="number smaller">PAGE</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"><a href="#vertue_mornynge">The mornynge +prayer</a></td> +<td><a href="#page225">225</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_i">i.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_i"> +Howe to order thy selfe when thou rysest, and in apparelynge thy +body</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page226">226</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_ii">ii.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_ii"> +Howe to behaue thy selfe in going by the streate and in the +schoole</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page227">227</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_iii">iii.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_iii"> +Howe to behaue thi selfe in seruynge the table</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page229">229</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_iiii">iiii.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_iiii"> +Howe to order thy selfe syttynge at the table</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page231">231</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_v">v.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_v"> +Howe to order thy selfe in the Churche</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page233">233</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_vi">vi.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_vi"> +The fruites of gamynge, vertue and learnynge</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page234">234</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_vii">vii.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_vii"> +How to behaue thy selfe in taulkynge with any man</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page235">235</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_viii">viii.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_viii"> +How to order thy selfe being sente of message</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page236">236</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_ix">ix.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_ix"> +A-gainste Anger, Enuie, and malice</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page236">236</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_x">x.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_x"> +The fruites of charitie, loue, and pacience</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page237">237</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_xi">xi.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_xi"> +A-gainge (<i>so</i>) the horrible vice of swearynge</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page238">238</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_xii">xii.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_xii"> +A-gainste the vice of filthy talkynge</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page239">239</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Cap.</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#vert_chap_xiii">xiii.</a></td> +<td><p><a href="#vert_chap_xiii"> +A-gainste the vice of lyinge</a></p></td> +<td><a href="#page239">239</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"><a href="#vertue_bedde">A praier to be saide when +thou goest to bedde</a></td> +<td><a href="#page240">240</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"><a href="#vertue_dutie">The dutie of eche degred. +(<i>so</i>) brefely declared</a></td> +<td><a href="#page241">241</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">224</span> +<a name="page224" id="page224"> </a> +<!-- png 346 --> + +<p class="footnote"> +[N.B. The even lines (2, 4, &c.) of the original are printed here +opposite the odd ones (1, 3, &c.), instead of after them, to save +space. The lines must therefore be read right across the page. The +sidenotes in large type, ‘Cato, Isocra, &c.,’ are those of the +original. The rest are the editor’s, and he has added headlines, some +stops, &c.]</p> + +<p class="mynote"> +For this e-text, the lines have been re-split. Line numbers have been +regularized to multiples of 4, as in other selections.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">225</span> +<a name="page225" id="page225"> </a> +<!-- png 347 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="vertue_title" id="vertue_title"> +<img src="images/page225header.png" width="204" height="32" +alt="The schoole of Vertue" +title="The schoole of Vertue"> +</a></p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. ii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +First,</span> +<p><span class="midcap">F</span>Irst in the mornynge</p> +<p class="in2">when thou dost awake,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +say this prayer:</span> +<p>To God for his grace</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_4" id="vert_line_4">4</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy peticion then make;</p> +<p>This prayer folowynge</p> +<p class="in2">vse dayly to say,</p> +<p>Thy harte lyftynge vp;</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_8" id="vert_line_8">8</a></span> +<p class="in2">Thus begyn to pray</p> + +<h5><a name="vertue_mornynge" id="vertue_mornynge"> +¶ The mornynge prayer.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +“O God!</span> +<p><span class="largecap">“O</span> God, from whom</p> +<p class="in2">al good gifts procede!</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +enable us to follow virtue.</span> +<p>To thee we repayre</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_12" id="vert_line_12">12</a></span> +<p class="in2">in tyme of our nede,</p> +<p>That with thy grace</p> +<p class="in2">thou wouldst vs endue</p> +<p>Vertue to folowe</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_16" id="vert_line_16">16</a></span> +<p class="in2">and vyce to exchue:</p> +<p>Heare this our request,</p> +<p class="in2">and graunt our desyre,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. ii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>O lorde! moste humbly</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_20" id="vert_line_20">20</a></span> +<p class="in2">we do the requyre!</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Defend us this day.</span> +<p>This day vs defende,</p> +<p class="in2">that we walkynge aryght</p> +<p>May do the thynge</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_24" id="vert_line_24">24</a></span> +<p class="in2">acceptable in thy syght,</p> +<p>That as we in yeares</p> +<span class="linenum removed">26</span> +<p class="in2">And body do growe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Let us abound with virtues,</span> +<p>So in good vertues</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_28" id="vert_line_28">28</a></span> +<p class="in2">we may lykewyse flowe</p> +<p>To thy honour,</p> +<p class="in2">and ioy of our parentes,</p> +<p>Learninge to lyue well,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_32" id="vert_line_32">32</a></span> +<p class="in2">and kepe thy <ins class="mycorr" title="‘commaund/mentes’ at line break with no visible hyphen">co<i>m</i>maundmentes</ins>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +flee from vice,</span> +<p>In flyinge from all</p> +<p class="in2">Vice, synne, and cryme,</p> +<p>Applyinge our bookes,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_36" id="vert_line_36">36</a></span> +<p class="in2">not losynge our tyme,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and go forward in good doing to our <ins class="mycorr" title="apostrophe unchanged">live’s</ins> end.”</span> +<p>May fructifye and go forwarde</p> +<p class="in2">here in good doynge</p> +<p>In this vale of miserie</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_40" id="vert_line_40">40</a></span> +<p class="in2">vnto oure lyuees endynge,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. iii.]</span> +<p>That after this lyfe</p> +<p class="in2">here transitory</p> +<p>We may attayne</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_44" id="vert_line_44">44</a></span> +<p class="in2">to greater glory.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Repeat the Lord’s Prayer night and morning.</span> +<p>The Lordes prayer then</p> +<p class="in2">se thou recyte,</p> +<p>So vsynge to do</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_48" id="vert_line_48">48</a></span> +<p class="in2">at mornynge and nyght.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">226</span> +<a name="page226" id="page226"> </a> +<!-- png 348 --> + +<span class="headnote">HOW TO RISE AND DRESS IN THE MORNING.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>How to wash and dress yourself.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_i" id="vert_chap_i"> +¶ Howe to order thy selfe when thou rysest,<br> +and in apparelynge thy body.<br> +Capitulo .i.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Cato.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">F</span>lye euer slouthe</p> +<span class="linenum removed">50</span> +<p class="in2">and ouer much slepe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t sleep too long.</span> +<p>In health the body</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_52" id="vert_line_52">52</a></span> +<p class="in2">therby thou shalte kepe.</p> +<p>Muche slepe ingendereth</p> +<span class="linenum removed">54</span> +<p class="in2">diseases and payne,</p> +<p>It dulles the the wyt</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_56" id="vert_line_56">56</a></span> +<p class="in2">and hurteth the brayne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. iii. <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Rise early; </span> +<p>Early in the mornynge</p> +<span class="linenum removed">58</span> +<p class="in2">thy bed then forsake,</p> +<p>Thy rayment put on,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_60" id="vert_line_60">60</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy selfe redy make.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +cast up your bed,</span> +<p>To cast vp thy bed</p> +<span class="linenum removed">62</span> +<p class="in2">It shalbe thy parte,</p> +<p>Els may they say</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_64" id="vert_line_64">64</a></span> +<p class="in2">that beastly thou art;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t let it lie.</span> +<p>So to departe</p> +<span class="linenum removed">66</span> +<p class="in2">and let the same lye,</p> +<p>It is not semynge</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_68" id="vert_line_68">68</a></span> +<p class="in2">nor yet manerly.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Go down,</span> +<p>Downe from thy chamber</p> +<span class="linenum removed">70</span> +<p class="in2">when thou shalte go,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +salute your parents,</span> +<p>Thy parentes salute thou,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_72" id="vert_line_72">72</a></span> +<p class="in2">and the famely also;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +wash your hands, comb your head,</span> +<p>Thy handes se thou washe,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">74</span> +<p class="in2">and thy hed keame,</p> +<p>And of thy rayment</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_76" id="vert_line_76">76</a></span> +<p class="in2">se torne be no seame;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. iiii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +brush your cap and put it on. </span> +<p>Thy cappe fayre brusht,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">78</span> +<p class="in2">thy hed couer than,</p> +<p>Takynge it of</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_80" id="vert_line_80">80</a></span> +<p class="in2">In speakynge to any man.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Cato.</span> +<p>Cato doth councel thee</p> +<p class="in2">thyne elders to reuerence</p> +<p>Declarynge therby</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_84" id="vert_line_84">84</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy dutye and obedience.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Tie on your shirt-collar,</span> +<p>Thy shyrte coler fast</p> +<span class="linenum removed">86</span> +<p class="in2">to thy necke knyt;</p> +<p>Comely thy rayment</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_88" id="vert_line_88">88</a></span> +<p class="in2">loke on thy body syt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +fasten your girdle,</span> +<p>Thy gyrdell about</p> +<span class="linenum removed">90</span> +<p class="in2">thy wast then fasten,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +rub your breeches, clean your shoes,</span> +<p>Thy hose fayre rubd</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_92" id="vert_line_92">92</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy showes se be cleane.</p> +<p>A napkyn se that</p> +<span class="linenum removed">94</span> +<p class="in2">thou haue in redines</p> +<p>Thy nose to clense</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_96" id="vert_line_96">96</a></span> +<p class="in2">from all fylthynes.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[<ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘A. sign.’">sign. A.</ins> +iiii. <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +wipe your nose on a napkin, pare your nails, clean your ears, wash your +teeth. </span> +<p>Thy nayles, yf nede be,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">98</span> +<p class="in2">se that thou payre;</p> +<p>Thyne eares kepe cleane,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_100" id="vert_line_100">100</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy teath washe thou fayre.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Have your torn clothes mended,</span> +<p>If ought about thee</p> +<span class="linenum removed">102</span> +<p class="in2">chaunce to be torne,</p> +<p>Thy frendes therof shewe</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_104" id="vert_line_104">104</a></span> +<p class="in2">howe it is worne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or new ones obtained.</span> +<p>And they wyll newe</p> +<span class="linenum removed">106</span> +<p class="in2">for thee prouyde,</p> +<p>Or the olde mende,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_108" id="vert_line_108">108</a></span> +<p class="in2">In tyme beinge spyde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Get your satchell and books, and haste to School,</span> +<p>This done, thy setchell</p> +<span class="linenum removed">110</span> +<p class="in2">and they bokes take,</p> +<p>And to the scole</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_112" id="vert_line_112">112</a></span> +<p class="in2">haste see thou make.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">227</span> +<a name="page227" id="page227"> </a> +<!-- png 349 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +taking too</span> +<p>But ere thou go,</p> +<p class="in2">with thy self forthynke.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +pen, paper, and ink,</span> +<p>That thou take with thee</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_116" id="vert_line_116">116</a></span> +<p class="in2">pen, paper, and ynke;</p> +<p>For these are thynges</p> +<p class="in2">for thy study necessary,</p> +<p>Forget not then</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_120" id="vert_line_120">120</a></span> +<p class="in2">with thee them to cary.</p> +<p>The souldiar preparynge</p> +<span class="linenum removed">122</span> +<p class="in2">hym selfe to the fielde</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. v.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +which are necessary</span> +<p>Leaues not at home</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_124" id="vert_line_124">124</a></span> +<p class="in2">his sworde and his shielde,</p> +<p>No more shulde a scoler</p> +<span class="linenum removed">126</span> +<p class="in2">forget then truly</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +for use at school.</span> +<p>what he at scole</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_128" id="vert_line_128">128</a></span> +<p class="in2">shulde nede to occupy.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then start off.</span> +<p>These thynges thus had,</p> +<p class="in2">Take strayght thy way</p> +<p>Vnto the schole</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_132" id="vert_line_132">132</a></span> +<p class="in2">without any stay.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>How to behave going to, and at, School.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_ii" id="vert_chap_ii"> +Howe to behaue thy selfe in going by<br> +the streate and in the schoole .ii.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Take off your cap to those you meet;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">I</span>n goynge by the way</p> +<p class="in2">and passynge the strete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Isocra.</span> +<p>Thy cappe put of,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_136" id="vert_line_136">136</a></span> +<p class="in2">Salute those ye mete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Cato.</span> +<p>In geuynge the way</p> +<p class="in2">to suche as passe by,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +give way to passers by.</span> +<p>It is a poynte</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_140" id="vert_line_140">140</a></span> +<p class="in2">of siuilitie.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. v. <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Call your playmates on your road.</span> +<p>And thy way fortune</p> +<p class="in2">so for to fall,</p> +<p>Let it not greue thee</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_144" id="vert_line_144">144</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy felowes to call.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +At School</span> +<p>when to the schole</p> +<p class="in2">thou shalte resort,</p> +<p>This rule note well</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_148" id="vert_line_148">148</a></span> +<p class="in2">I do the exhort:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +salute your master,</span> +<p>Thy master there beynge,</p> +<p class="in2">Salute with all reuerence,</p> +<p>Declarynge thereby</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_152" id="vert_line_152">152</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy dutye and obedience;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and the scholars.</span> +<p>Thy felowes salute</p> +<span class="linenum removed">154</span> +<p class="in2">In token of loue,</p> +<p>Lest of inhumanitie</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_156" id="vert_line_156">156</a></span> +<p class="in2">they shall the reproue.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Go straight to your place, undo your satchell, take out your books and +learn your lesson;</span> +<p>Vnto thy place</p> +<span class="linenum removed">158</span> +<p class="in2">appoynted for to syt,</p> +<p>Streight go thou to,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_160" id="vert_line_160">160</a></span> +<p class="in2">and thy setchel vnknyt,</p> +<p>Thy bokes take out,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">162</span> +<p class="in2">thy lesson then learne</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. vi.]</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Humbly</i>] <i>Orig.</i> Huubly</span> + +<p><span class="texttag">Humbly</span> thy selfe</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_164" id="vert_line_164">164</a></span> +<p class="in2">Behaue and gouerne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +stick well to your books.</span> +<p>Therein takynge payne,</p> +<p class="in2">with all thyne industry</p> +<p>Learnynge to get</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_168" id="vert_line_168">168</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy boke well applye:</p> +<p>All thynges seme harde</p> +<p class="in2">when we do begyn,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Virgil.</span> +<p>But labour and diligence</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_172" id="vert_line_172">172</a></span> +<p class="in2">yet both them wyn;</p> +<p>we ought not to recken</p> +<p class="in2">and coumpt the thyng harde</p> +<p>That bryngeth ioye</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_176" id="vert_line_176">176</a></span> +<p class="in2">and pleasure afterwarde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If you don’t work,</span> +<p>Leaue of then laboure,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">178</span> +<p class="in2">and the lacke rue,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">228</span> +<a name="page228" id="page228"> </a> +<!-- png 350 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +you’ll repent it when you grow up.</span> +<p>Lament and repent</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_180" id="vert_line_180">180</a></span> +<p class="in2">when age doth insue.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Who could now speak of famous deeds of old,</span> +<p>Deades that deserued</p> +<p class="in2">Fame and greate prayse,</p> +<p>Buried had ben,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_184" id="vert_line_184">184</a></span> +<p class="in2">we se in olde dayes;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. vi. <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +had not Letters preserved them?</span> +<p>If letters had not then</p> +<p class="in2">brought them to lyght</p> +<p>The truth of suche thynges</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_188" id="vert_line_188">188</a></span> +<p class="in2">who coulde nowe resyght?</p> +<p>Applye thy minde</p> +<p class="in2">to learnynge and scyence,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Cato.</span> +<p>For learnynge in nede</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_192" id="vert_line_192">192</a></span> +<p class="in2">wyll be thy defence.</p> +<p>Nothinge to science</p> +<p class="in2">compare we may well,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Cicero.</span> +<p>The swetenes wherof</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_196" id="vert_line_196">196</a></span> +<p class="in2">all thynges doth excell.</p> +<p>And Cato the wyse</p> +<p class="in2">this worthy sayinge hath,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Cato.</span> +<p>That man wantinge learnynge</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_200" id="vert_line_200">200</a></span> +<p class="in2">is as the image of death.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Aristot.</span> +<p>The rootes of learnynge</p> +<span class="linenum removed">202</span> +<p class="in2">most bytter we deme;</p> +<p>The fruites at last</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_204" id="vert_line_204">204</a></span> +<p class="in2">Moste pleasaunt doth seme.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Work hard then,</span> +<p>Then labour for learnynge</p> +<p class="in2">whyle here thou shalt lyue,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. vii.]</span> +<p>The ignoraunt to teache,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_208" id="vert_line_208">208</a></span> +<p class="in2">and good example geue;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and you’ll be thought worthy to serve the state.</span> +<p>So shalte thou be thought</p> +<p class="in2">A membre most worthy</p> +<p>The common welth to serue</p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Orig.</i> ryme</span> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_212" id="vert_line_212">212</a></span> +<p class="in2">In <span class="texttag">tyme</span> of +necessitie.</p> +<p>Experience doth teache</p> +<p class="in2">And shewe to thee playne</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Men of low birth win honour by Learning,</span> +<p>That many to honour</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_216" id="vert_line_216">216</a></span> +<p class="in2">By learninge attayne</p> +<p>That were of byrthe</p> +<p class="in2">But symple and bace,—</p> +<p>Suche is the goodnes</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_220" id="vert_line_220">220</a></span> +<p class="in2">Of Gods speciall grace,—</p> +<p>For he that to honour</p> +<span class="linenum removed">222</span> +<p class="in2">by vertue doth ryse,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and then are doubly happy.</span> +<p>Is double happy,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_224" id="vert_line_224">224</a></span> +<p class="in2">and counted most wyse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When you doubt, ask to be told.</span> +<p>If doubte thou doest,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">226</span> +<p class="in2">Desyre to be toulde,</p> +<p>No shame is to learne,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_228" id="vert_line_228">228</a></span> +<p class="in2">Beinge neuer so oulde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. vii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>Ignoraunce doth cause</p> +<span class="linenum removed">230</span> +<p class="in2">Great errors in vs</p> +<p>For wantynge of knowledge</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_232" id="vert_line_232">232</a></span> +<p class="in2">Doubts to discusse;</p> +<p>Then learne to discerne</p> +<span class="linenum removed">234</span> +<p class="in2">the good from the yll,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Wish well to those who warn you.</span> +<p>And suche as thee warne,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_236" id="vert_line_236">236</a></span> +<p class="in2">Bere them good will.</p> + +<span class="headnote">HOW TO BEHAVE IN SCHOOL AND STREET.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +On your way home walk two and two orderly</span> +<p>when from the schoole</p> +<p class="in2">ye shall take your waye,</p> +<p>Or orderly then go ye,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_240" id="vert_line_240">240</a></span> +<p class="in2">twoo in aray,</p> +<p>your selues matchynge</p> +<p class="in2">So equall as ye may,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +(for which men will praise you);</span> +<p>That men it seynge</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_244" id="vert_line_244">244</a></span> +<p class="in2">May well of you saye</p> +<p>In commendynge this</p> +<p class="in2">your laudable wayes,</p> +<p>whiche must nedes sounde</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_248" id="vert_line_248">248</a></span> +<p class="in2">to your great prayse,</p> +<span class="pagenum">229</span> +<a name="page229" id="page229"> </a> +<!-- png 351 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t run in heaps like a swarm of bees</span> +<p>Not runnynge on heapes</p> +<p class="in2">as a swarme of bees,</p> +<p>As at this day</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_252" id="vert_line_252">252</a></span> +<p class="in2">Euery man it nowe sees;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. viii.]</span> +<p>Not vsynge, but refusynge,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">254</span> +<p class="in2">Suche foolyshe toyes</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +like boys do now.</span> +<p>As commonly are vsed</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_256" id="vert_line_256">256</a></span> +<p class="in2">In these dayes of boyes,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t whoop or hallow as in fox-hunting</span> +<p>As hoopynge and halowynge</p> +<p class="in2">as in huntynge the foxe,</p> +<p>That men it hearynge</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_260" id="vert_line_260">260</a></span> +<p class="in2">Deryde them with mockes.</p> +<p>This foolyshnes forsake,</p> +<p class="in2">this folly exchewynge,</p> +<p>And learne to followe</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_264" id="vert_line_264">264</a></span> +<p class="in2">this order insuynge.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t chatter,</span> +<p>In goynge by the way</p> +<p class="in2">Neyther talke nor iangle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or stare at every new fangle,</span> +<p>Gape not nor gase not</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_268" id="vert_line_268">268</a></span> +<p class="in2">at euery newe fangle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but walk soberly,</span> +<p>But soberly go ye</p> +<p class="in2">with countinaunce graue;</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Isocra.</span> +<p>Humblye your selues</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_272" id="vert_line_272">272</a></span> +<p class="in2">towarde all men behaue;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. A. viii. <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +taking your cap off to all,</span> +<p>Be free of cappe</p> +<span class="linenum removed">274</span> +<p class="in2">and full of curtesye;</p> +<p>Greate loue of al men</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_276" id="vert_line_276">276</a></span> +<p class="in2">you shall wyn therby.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and being gentle.</span> +<p>Be lowly and gentyll</p> +<span class="linenum removed">278</span> +<p class="in2">and of meke moode;</p> +<p>Then men con not</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_280" id="vert_line_280">280</a></span> +<p class="in2">but of you say good.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Do no man harm; speak fair words.</span> +<p>In passynge the strete</p> +<span class="linenum removed">282</span> +<p class="in2">Do no man no harme;</p> +<p>Vse thou fewe wordes,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_284" id="vert_line_284">284</a></span> +<p class="in2">and thy tounge charme,</p> +<p>Then men shal see</p> +<p class="in2">that grace in the groweth</p> +<p>From whom vertues</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_288" id="vert_line_288">288</a></span> +<p class="in2">So aboundantly floweth.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +On reaching home</span> +<p>when thou arte come</p> +<span class="linenum removed">290</span> +<p class="in2">where thy parentes do dwell,</p> +<p>Thy leaue then takynge</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_292" id="vert_line_292">292</a></span> +<p class="in2">Byd thy felowes farewell;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +salute your parents reverently.</span> +<p>The house then entrynge,</p> +<p class="in2">In thy parence presence</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. i.]</span> +<p>Humbly salute them</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_296" id="vert_line_296">296</a></span> +<p class="in2">with all reuerence.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>How to wait at table.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_iii" id="vert_chap_iii"> +¶ Howe to behaue thi selfe in seruynge<br> +the table. Cap. iii.</a></h5> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">V</span>Vhen thy parentes downe</p> +<p class="in2">to the table shall syt,</p> +<p>In place be ready</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_300" id="vert_line_300">300</a></span> +<p class="in2">For the purpose moste fyt:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Look your parents in the face,</span> +<p>With sober countinaunce</p> +<p class="in2">Lokynge them in the face,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +hold up your hands, and say</span> +<p>Thy handes holdynge vp,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_304" id="vert_line_304">304</a></span> +<p class="in2">this begyn grace:</p> + +<span class="sidenote original stanza"> +Grace before meate.</span> +<p><span class="largecap">“G</span>eue thankes to God</p> +<p class="in2">with one accorde</p> +<p>For that shall be</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_308" id="vert_line_308">308</a></span> +<p class="in2">Set on this borde.</p> +<span class="pagenum">230</span> +<a name="page230" id="page230"> </a> +<!-- png 352 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Grace before Meat.</span> +<p>And be not carefull</p> +<p class="in2">what to eate,</p> +<p>To eche thynge lyuynge</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_312" id="vert_line_312">312</a></span> +<p class="in2">the Lorde sends meate;</p> +<p>For foode he wyll not</p> +<span class="linenum removed">314</span> +<p class="in2">Se you peryshe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. i. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>But wyll you fede,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_316" id="vert_line_316">316</a></span> +<p class="in2">Foster, and cheryshe;</p> +<p>Take well in worth</p> +<span class="linenum removed">318</span> +<p class="in2">what he hath sent,</p> +<p>At this tyme be</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_320" id="vert_line_320">320</a></span> +<p class="in2">therwith content,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_322" id="vert_line_322">322</a></span> +<p class="in2">Praysynge God.”</p> +<p>¶ So treatablie speakyng</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_324" id="vert_line_324">324</a></span> +<p class="in2">as possible thou can,</p> +<p>That the hearers therof</p> +<span class="linenum removed">326</span> +<p class="in2">May thee vnderstan.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Make a low curtesy;</span> +<p>Grace beynge sayde,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_328" id="vert_line_328">328</a></span> +<p class="in2">Lowe cursie make thou,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +wish your parents’ food may do ’em good.</span> +<p>Sayinge “muche good</p> +<span class="linenum removed">330</span> +<p class="in2">May it do you.”</p> + +<span class="headnote">HOW TO SERVE AT DINNER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If you are big enough,</span> +<p>Of stature then</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_332" id="vert_line_332">332</a></span> +<p class="in2">yf thou be able,</p> +<p>It shall become thee</p> +<span class="linenum removed">334</span> +<p class="in2">to serue the table</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +bring the food to table.</span> +<p>In bringynge to it</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_336" id="vert_line_336">336</a></span> +<p class="in2">Suche meate as shall nede</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. ii.]</span> +<p>For thy parence vpon</p> +<span class="linenum removed">338</span> +<p class="in2">that tyme to fede.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t fill dishes so full as to spill them</span> +<p>Disshes with measure</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_340" id="vert_line_340">340</a></span> +<p class="in2">thou oughtest to fyll,</p> +<p>Els mayste thou happen</p> +<span class="linenum removed">342</span> +<p class="in2">thy seruyce to spyll</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +on your parents’ dress, or they’ll be angry.</span> +<p>On theyr apparell</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_344" id="vert_line_344">344</a></span> +<p class="in2">Or els on the cloth,</p> +<p>whiche for to doe</p> +<p class="in2">wolde moue them to wroth.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Have spare trenchers ready for guests.</span> +<p>Spare trenchers with napkyns</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_348" id="vert_line_348">348</a></span> +<p class="in2">haue in redynes</p> +<p>To serue afterwarde,</p> +<p class="in2">If there come any gesse.</p> +<p>Be circumspecte;</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_352" id="vert_line_352">352</a></span> +<p class="in2">see nothynge do wante;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +See there’s plenty of everything wanted.</span> +<p>Of necessary thynges</p> +<span class="linenum removed">354</span> +<p class="in2">that there be no skant,</p> +<p>As breade and drynke,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_356" id="vert_line_356">356</a></span> +<p class="in2">se there be plentie;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Empty the Voiders often.</span> +<p>The voyders with bones</p> +<span class="linenum removed">358</span> +<p class="in2">Ofte se thou emptie.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. ii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>At hande be ready,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_360" id="vert_line_360">360</a></span> +<p class="in2">If any do call,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be at hand if any one calls.</span> +<p>To fetche or take vp,</p> +<p class="in2">If ought fortune to fall.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When the meat is over,</span> +<p>when they haue done,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_364" id="vert_line_364">364</a></span> +<p class="in2">then ready make</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +clear the table:</span> +<p>The table vp fayre</p> +<p class="in2">In order to take:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +1. cover the salt,</span> +<p>Fyrste the saulte</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_368" id="vert_line_368">368</a></span> +<p class="in2">Se that thou couer,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +2. have a tray by you to carry things off on,</span> +<p>Hauynge by thee</p> +<p class="in2">Eyther one or other</p> +<p>thynges from thy handes</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_372" id="vert_line_372">372</a></span> +<p class="in2">then to conuaye</p> +<p>That from the table</p> +<p class="in2">thou shalt take awaye.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +3. put the trenchers, &c., in one Voider,</span> +<p>A voyder vpon</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_376" id="vert_line_376">376</a></span> +<p class="in2">the table then haue,</p> +<p>The trenchers and napkyns</p> +<p class="in2">therein to receaue;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">231</span> +<a name="page231" id="page231"> </a> +<!-- png 353 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +4. sweep the crumbs into another,</span> +<p>The croomes with a napkyn</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_380" id="vert_line_380">380</a></span> +<p class="in2">together them swepe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. iii.]</span> +<p>It at the tables ende</p> +<p class="in2">In a voyder them kepe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +5. set a clean trencher before every one,</span> +<p>Then before eche man</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_384" id="vert_line_384">384</a></span> +<p class="in2">A cleane treanchour lay,</p> +<p>The best fyrste seruynge,</p> +<p class="in2">As iudge thou soone may;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +6. put on Cheese, Fruit, Biscuits, and</span> +<p>Then cheese with fruite</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_388" id="vert_line_388">388</a></span> +<p class="in2">On the table set,</p> +<p>With Bisketes or Carowayes,</p> +<p class="in2">As you may get.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +7. serve Wine, Ale or Beer.</span> +<p>Wyne to them fyll,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_392" id="vert_line_392">392</a></span> +<p class="in2">Els ale or beare;</p> +<p>But wyne is metest,</p> +<p class="in2">If any there were.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When these are finished,</span> +<p>Then on the table</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_396" id="vert_line_396">396</a></span> +<p class="in2">Attende with all diligence,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +clear the table,</span> +<p>It for to voyde</p> +<span class="linenum removed">398</span> +<p class="in2">when done haue thy parence:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and fold up the cloth.</span> +<p>Eche syde of the clothe</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_400" id="vert_line_400">400</a></span> +<p class="in2">Do thou tourne in,</p> +<p>Foldynge it vp,</p> +<p class="in2">At the hygher ende begin.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. iii. <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then spread a clean towel,</span> +<p>A cleane towell then</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_404" id="vert_line_404">404</a></span> +<p class="in2">On the table spreade,—</p> +<p>The towell wantynge,</p> +<p class="in2">the cloth take in steade,—</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +bring bason and jug,</span> +<p>The bason and ewer</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_408" id="vert_line_408">408</a></span> +<p class="in2">to the table then brynge,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and when your parents are ready to wash,</span> +<p>In place conuenient</p> +<p class="in2">theyr pleasure abydynge.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and when your parents are ready to wash,</span> +<p>when thou shalt see</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_412" id="vert_line_412">412</a></span> +<p class="in2">them redy to washe,</p> +<p>The ewer take vp,</p> +<p class="in2">and be not to rashe</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +pour out the water.</span> +<p>In powrynge out water</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_416" id="vert_line_416">416</a></span> +<p class="in2">More then wyll suffise.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Clear the table;</span> +<p>The table then voyde</p> +<p class="in2">that they may ryse.</p> +<p>All thynges thus done,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_420" id="vert_line_420">420</a></span> +<p class="in2">forget not thy dutie,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +make a low curtsey.</span> +<p>Before the table</p> +<p class="in2">Make thou lowe cursie.</p> + +<span class="headnote">HOW TO BEHAVE AT ONE’S OWN DINNER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote page head5"> +[sign. B. iiii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>How to behave at your own dinner.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_iiii" id="vert_chap_iiii"> +¶ Howe to order thy selfe syttynge at the table.<br> +Capitulo .iiii.</a></h5> + +<p><span class="largecap">O</span> Chyldren! geue eare</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_424" id="vert_line_424">424</a></span> +<p class="in2">your duties to learne,</p> +<p>Howe at the table</p> +<p class="in2">you may your selues gouerne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Socra. Cato.</span> +<p>Presume not to hyghe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_428" id="vert_line_428">428</a></span> +<p class="in2">I say, in no case;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Let your betters sit above you.</span> +<p>In syttynge downe,</p> +<p class="in2">to thy betters geue place.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +See others served first,</span> +<p>Suffer eche man</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_432" id="vert_line_432">432</a></span> +<p class="in2">Fyrste serued to be,</p> +<p>For that is a poynte</p> +<p class="in2">Of good curtesie.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +then wait a while before eating.</span> +<p>when they are serued,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_436" id="vert_line_436">436</a></span> +<p class="in2">then pause a space,</p> +<p>For that is a sygne</p> +<p class="in2">of nourture and grace.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">232</span> +<a name="page232" id="page232"> </a> +<!-- png 354 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Take salt with your knife, cut your bread, don’t fill your spoon too +full,</span> +<p>Saulte with thy knyfe</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_440" id="vert_line_440">440</a></span> +<p class="in2">then reache and take,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. iiii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>The breade cut fayre,</p> +<p class="in2">And do not it breake.</p> +<p>Thy spone with pottage</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_444" id="vert_line_444">444</a></span> +<p class="in2">to full do not fyll,</p> +<p>For fylynge the cloth,</p> +<p class="in2">If thou fortune to spyll,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or sup your pottage.</span> +<p>For rudnes it is</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_448" id="vert_line_448">448</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy pottage to sup,</p> +<p>Or speake to any,</p> +<p class="in2">his head in the cup.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Have your knife sharp.</span> +<p>Thy knyfe se be sharpe</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_452" id="vert_line_452">452</a></span> +<p class="in2">to cut fayre thy meate;</p> +<p>Thy mouth not to full</p> +<span class="linenum removed">454</span> +<p class="in2">when thou dost eate;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t smack your lips</span> +<p>Not smackynge thy lyppes,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_456" id="vert_line_456">456</a></span> +<p class="in2">As comonly do hogges,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or gnaw your bones:</span> +<p>Nor gnawynge the bones</p> +<span class="linenum removed">458</span> +<p class="in2">As it were dogges;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +avoid such beastliness.</span> +<p>Suche rudenes abhorre,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_460" id="vert_line_460">460</a></span> +<p class="in2">Suche beastlynes flie,</p> +<p>At the table behaue</p> +<span class="linenum removed">462</span> +<p class="in2">thy selfe manerly.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. v.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your fingers clean,</span> +<p>Thy fyngers se cleane</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_464" id="vert_line_464">464</a></span> +<p class="in2">that thou euer kepe,</p> +<p>Hauynge a Napkyn</p> +<p class="in2">thereon them to wype;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +wipe your mouth before drinking.</span> +<p>Thy mouth therwith</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_468" id="vert_line_468">468</a></span> +<p class="in2">Cleane do thou make,</p> +<p>The cup to drynke</p> +<p class="in2">In hande yf thou take,</p> +<p>Let not thy tongue</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_472" id="vert_line_472">472</a></span> +<p class="in2">At the table walke,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Plato.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t jabber or stuff.</span> +<p>And of no matter</p> +<p class="in2">Neyther reason nor talke.</p> +<p>Temper thy tongue</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_476" id="vert_line_476">476</a></span> +<p class="in2">and belly alway,</p> +<p>For “measure is treasure,”</p> +<p class="in2">the prouerbe doth say,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Cicero.</span> +<p>And measure in althynges</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_480" id="vert_line_480">480</a></span> +<p class="in2">Is to be vsed;</p> +<p>what is without measure</p> +<p class="in2">Ought to be refused.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Silence hurts no one,</span> +<p>For silence kepynge</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_484" id="vert_line_484">484</a></span> +<p class="in2">thou shalt not be shent,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. v. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>where as thy speache</p> +<p class="in2">May cause thee repent.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Isocra.</span> +<p>Bothe speache and silence</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_488" id="vert_line_488">488</a></span> +<p class="in2">are commendable,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and is fitted for a child at table.</span> +<p>But sylence is metest</p> +<p class="in2">In a chylde at the table.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Cato.</span> +<p>And Cato doth saye,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_492" id="vert_line_492">492</a></span> +<p class="in2">that “in olde and yonge</p> +<p>The fyrste of vertue</p> +<span class="linenum removed">494</span> +<p class="in2">Is to kepe thy tonge.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t pick your teeth,</span> +<p>Pyke not thy teethe</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_496" id="vert_line_496">496</a></span> +<p class="in2">at the table syttynge,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or spit too much.</span> +<p>Nor vse at thy meate</p> +<p class="in2">Ouer muche spytynge;</p> +<p>this rudnes of youth</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_500" id="vert_line_500">500</a></span> +<p class="in2">Is to be abhorde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Behave properly.</span> +<p>thy selfe manerly</p> +<p class="in2">Behaue at the borde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t laugh too much.</span> +<p>If occasion of laughter</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_504" id="vert_line_504">504</a></span> +<p class="in2">at the table thou se,</p> +<p>Beware that thou vse</p> +<p class="in2">the same moderately.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. vi.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Learn all the good manners you can.</span> +<p>Of good maners learne</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_508" id="vert_line_508">508</a></span> +<p class="in2">So muche as thou can;</p> +<p>It wyll thee preferre</p> +<span class="linenum removed">510</span> +<p class="in2">when thou art a man.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">233</span> +<a name="page233" id="page233"> </a> +<!-- png 355 --> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Aristot.</span> +<p>Aristotle the Philosopher</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_512" id="vert_line_512">512</a></span> +<p class="in2">this worthy sayinge writ,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +They are better than playing the fiddle,</span> +<p>That “maners in a chylde</p> +<span class="linenum removed">514</span> +<p class="in2">are more requisit</p> +<p>then playnge on instrumentes</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_516" id="vert_line_516">516</a></span> +<p class="in2">and other vayne pleasure;</p> +<p>For vertuous maners</p> +<p class="in2">Is a most precious treasure.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +though that’s no harm,</span> +<p>Let not this saynge</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_520" id="vert_line_520">520</a></span> +<p class="in2">In no wyse thee offende,</p> +<p>For playnge of instrumentes</p> +<p class="in2">He doth not discommende,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but necessary;</span> +<p>But doth graunt them</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_524" id="vert_line_524">524</a></span> +<p class="in2">for a chylde necessary,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +yet manners are more important.</span> +<p>Yet maners muche more</p> +<span class="linenum removed">526</span> +<p class="in2">see here he doth vary.</p> +<p>Refuse not his councell,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_528" id="vert_line_528">528</a></span> +<p class="in2">Nor his wordes dispise;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. vi. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>To vertue and knowledge</p> +<p class="in2">By them mayste thou ryse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>How to behave at Church.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_v" id="vert_chap_v"> +¶ Howe to order thy selfe in the Churche.<br> +Cap. .v.</a></h5> + +<p><span class="largecap">V</span>vhen to the Churche</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_532" id="vert_line_532">532</a></span> +<p class="in2">thou shalt repayer,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Pray kneeling or standing.</span> +<p>Knelynge or standynge,</p> +<p class="in2">to God make thy prayer;</p> +<p>All worldely matters</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_536" id="vert_line_536">536</a></span> +<p class="in2">From thy mynde set apart,</p> +<p>Earnestly prayinge,</p> +<p class="in2">to God lyfte vp thy hart.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Psal. 1.</span> +<p>A contrite harte</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_540" id="vert_line_540">540</a></span> +<p class="in2">He wyll not dispyse,</p> +<p>whiche he doth coumpt</p> +<p class="in2">A sweete sacrifice.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Confess your sins to God.</span> +<p>To hym thy sinnes</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_544" id="vert_line_544">544</a></span> +<p class="in2">shewe and confesse,</p> +<p>Askynge for them</p> +<p class="in2">Grace and forgyuenes;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. vii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He knows your disease.</span> +<p>He is the Phisition</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_548" id="vert_line_548">548</a></span> +<p class="in2">that knoweth thy sore,</p> +<p>And can to health</p> +<span class="linenum removed">550</span> +<p class="in2">A-gayne thee restore.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Iames the .i.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Ask in faith, and what you ask you shall have;</span> +<p>Aske then in fayth,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_552" id="vert_line_552">552</a></span> +<p class="in2">Not doubtynge to haue;</p> +<p>The thynges ye desyre</p> +<span class="linenum removed">554</span> +<p class="in2">ye shall then receaue;</p> +<p>So they be lawfull</p> +<p class="in2">Of God to requyre,</p> +<p>He wyll the heare</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_558" id="vert_line_558">558</a></span> +<p class="in2">and graunt thy desyre;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He is more merciful than pen can tell.</span> +<p>More mercifull he is</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_560" id="vert_line_560">560</a></span> +<p class="in2">then pen can expresse,</p> +<p>The aucthor and geuer</p> +<p class="in2">here of all goodnesse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Math. x.</span> +<p>“All ye that laboure</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_564" id="vert_line_564">564</a></span> +<p class="in2">and burdened be,</p> +<p>I wyll you refreshe</p> +<p class="in2">In commynge to me.”</p> +<p>These are Chrystes wordes,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_568" id="vert_line_568">568</a></span> +<p class="in2">the scripture is playne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. vii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>Spoken to all suche</p> +<span class="linenum removed">570</span> +<p class="in2">as here suffre payne;</p> +<p>Our wylles to his worde</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_572" id="vert_line_572">572</a></span> +<p class="in2">then let vs frame,</p> +<p>The heauenly habytacion</p> +<span class="linenum removed">574</span> +<p class="in2">therby we may clame.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">234</span> +<a name="page234" id="page234"> </a> +<!-- png 356 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Behave nicely in church,</span> +<p>In the churche comly</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_576" id="vert_line_576">576</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy selfe do behaue,</p> +<p>In vsage sober,</p> +<p class="in2">thy countinaunce graue.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t talk</span> +<p>whyle you be there,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_580" id="vert_line_580">580</a></span> +<p class="in2">taulke of no matter,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or chatter.</span> +<p>Nor one with an other</p> +<p class="in2">whisper nor chatter.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Behave reverently;</span> +<p>Reuerently thy selfe</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_584" id="vert_line_584">584</a></span> +<p class="in2">Order alwaye</p> +<p>when to the Churche</p> +<p class="in2">thou shalt come to pray:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +the House of Prayer</span> +<p>Eche thynge hath his tyme,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_588" id="vert_line_588">588</a></span> +<p class="in2">Consyder the place,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Luke .xix.</span> +<p>For that is a token</p> +<p class="in2">of vertue and grace,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B viii.]</span> +<p>The Lorde doth call it</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_592" id="vert_line_592">592</a></span> +<p class="in2">the house of prayer</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +is not to be made a fair.</span> +<p>And not to be vsed</p> +<p class="in2">As is a fayer.</p> + +<span class="headnote">AGAINST GAMING, AND FOR VIRTUE.</span> + +<h5><a name="vert_chap_vi" id="vert_chap_vi"> +¶ The fruites of gamynge, vertue and learnynge.<br> +Capitulo .vi.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Avoid</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">O</span> Lytle chylde,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_596" id="vert_line_596">596</a></span> +<p class="in2">Eschewe thou euer game,—</p> +<p>For that hath brought</p> +<span class="linenum removed">598</span> +<p class="in2">Many one to shame,—</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +dicing and carding.</span> +<p>As dysynge, and cardynge,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_600" id="vert_line_600">600</a></span> +<p class="in2">And suche other playes,</p> +<p>which many vndoeth,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">602</span> +<p class="in2">as we se nowe a dayes.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Cicero.</span> +<p>But yf thou delyght</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_604" id="vert_line_604">604</a></span> +<p class="in2">In any earthly thynge,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Delight in Knowledge, Virtue, and Learning.</span> +<p>Delyght in knowledge,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">606</span> +<p class="in2">Vertue, and learnynge,</p> +<p>For learnynge wyll leade thee</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_608" id="vert_line_608">608</a></span> +<p class="in2">to the schoole of vertue,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. B. viii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>And vertue wyll teache thee</p> +<span class="linenum removed">610</span> +<p class="in2">Vice to subdue.</p> +<p>Vice beynge subdued,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_612" id="vert_line_612">612</a></span> +<p class="in2">thou canst not but floryshe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Happy is he who cultivates Virtue.</span> +<p>Happy is the man</p> +<p class="in2">that vertue doth norysh.</p> +<p>By knowledge lykewyse</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_616" id="vert_line_616">616</a></span> +<p class="in2">thou shalt doubtes discerne,</p> +<p>By vertue agayne</p> +<span class="linenum removed">618</span> +<p class="in2">thy lyfe well gouerne.</p> +<p>These be the frutes</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_620" id="vert_line_620">620</a></span> +<p class="in2">By them we do take,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Cursed is he who forsakes it.</span> +<p>Cursed is he then</p> +<p class="in2">that doth them forsake.</p> +<p>But we erre in wyt</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_624" id="vert_line_624">624</a></span> +<p class="in2">In folowynge our wyll,</p> +<p>In iudgynge that good</p> +<span class="linenum removed">626</span> +<p class="in2">which playnly is yll.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Let reason rule you,</span> +<p>Let reason thee rule,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_628" id="vert_line_628">628</a></span> +<p class="in2">and not will thee leade</p> +<p>To folowe thy fansie,</p> +<p class="in2">A wronge trace to treade.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. i.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and subdue your lusts.</span> +<p>But subdue thy luste,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_632" id="vert_line_632">632</a></span> +<p class="in2">and conqeur thy wyll</p> +<p>If it shall moue thee</p> +<p class="in2">to doe that is yll;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +These ills come from gambling:</span> +<p>For what hurte by game</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_636" id="vert_line_636">636</a></span> +<p class="in2">to many doth growe,</p> +<p>No wyse man I thynke</p> +<p class="in2">but doth it well knowe.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">235</span> +<a name="page235" id="page235"> </a> +<!-- png 357 --> + +<p>Experience doth shewe</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_640" id="vert_line_640">640</a></span> +<p class="in2">and make it manifeste</p> +<p>That all good men</p> +<p class="in2">can it but deteste,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +strife, murder, theft,</span> +<p>As strife and debate,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_644" id="vert_line_644">644</a></span> +<p class="in2">murder and thefte,</p> +<p>whiche amonge christians,</p> +<p class="in2">wolde god were lefte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +cursing and swearing.</span> +<p>with cursynge and bannynge,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_648" id="vert_line_648">648</a></span> +<p class="in2">with swearyng and tearyng,</p> +<p>That no honest harte</p> +<p class="in2">can abyde the hearyng:</p> +<p>These be the fruites</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_652" id="vert_line_652">652</a></span> +<p class="in2">that of them doth sprynge,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. i. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>with many more as euill</p> +<p class="in2">that cometh of gamynge.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>How to behave when conversing.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_vii" id="vert_chap_vii"> +¶ How to behaue thy selfe in taulkynge with any man. Capitulo +.vii.</a></h5> + +<p><span class="largecap">I</span>f a man demaunde</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_656" id="vert_line_656">656</a></span> +<p class="in2">a question of thee,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Isocra.</span> +<p>In thine aunswere makynge</p> +<p class="in2">be not to hastie;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Understand a question before you answer it;</span> +<p>waie well his wordes,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_660" id="vert_line_660">660</a></span> +<p class="in2">the case vnderstande</p> +<p>Eare an answere to make</p> +<p class="in2">thou take in hande,</p> +<p>Els may he iudge</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_664" id="vert_line_664">664</a></span> +<p class="in2">in thee little wit,</p> +<p>To answere to a thynge</p> +<p class="in2">and not heare it.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +let a man tell all his tale.</span> +<p>Suffer his tale</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_668" id="vert_line_668">668</a></span> +<p class="in2">whole out to be toulde,</p> +<p>Then speake thou mayst,</p> +<p class="in2">and not be controulde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. ii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then bow to him, look him in the face, and answer sensibly,</span> +<p>Low obeisaunce makyng,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_672" id="vert_line_672">672</a></span> +<p class="in2">lokinge him in the face,</p> +<p>Tretably speaking,</p> +<p class="in2">thy wordes see thou place.</p> +<p>with countinaunce sober</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_676" id="vert_line_676">676</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy bodie vprighte</p> +<p>Thy fete iuste to-gether,</p> +<p class="in2">thy handes in lyke plight;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +not staring about</span> +<p>Caste not thyne eies</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_680" id="vert_line_680">680</a></span> +<p class="in2">on neither syde.</p> +<p>when thou arte praised,</p> +<p class="in2">therin take no pryde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or laughing,</span> +<p>In tellynge thy tale,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_684" id="vert_line_684">684</a></span> +<p class="in2">neither laugh nor smyle,</p> +<p>Such folly forsake thou,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">686</span> +<p class="in2">banish and exyle;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but audibly</span> +<p>In audible voice</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_688" id="vert_line_688">688</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy wordes do thou vtter,</p> +<p>Not hie nor lowe,</p> +<span class="linenum removed">690</span> +<p class="in2">but vsynge a measure.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and distinctly,</span> +<p>Thy wordes se that</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_692" id="vert_line_692">692</a></span> +<p class="in2">thou pronounce plaine,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. ii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>that</i>] <i>orig.</i> thai</span> + +<p>And <span class="texttag">that</span> they spoken</p> +<span class="linenum removed">694</span> +<p class="in2">Be not in vayne;</p> +<p>In vttryng wherof</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +your words in due order,</span> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_696" id="vert_line_696">696</a></span> +<p class="in2">Kepe thou an order,</p> +<p>Thy matter therby</p> +<p class="in2">thou shalte much forder;</p> +<p>whiche order yf thou</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_700" id="vert_line_700">700</a></span> +<p class="in2">Do not obserue,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or you’ll straggle off,</span> +<p>From the purpose</p> +<p class="in2">nedes must thou swarue.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">236</span> +<a name="page236" id="page236"> </a> +<!-- png 358 --> +<span class="headnote">HOW TO CARRY A MESSAGE.</span> + +<p>And hastines of speche</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_704" id="vert_line_704">704</a></span> +<p class="in2">wyll cause thee to erre,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or stutter, or stammer, which is a foul crime.</span> +<p>Or wyll thee teache</p> +<p class="in2">to stut or stammer.</p> +<p>To stut or stammer</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_708" id="vert_line_708">708</a></span> +<p class="in2">is a foule crime,</p> +<p>Learne then to leaue it,</p> +<p class="in2">take warnyng in tyme;</p> +<p>How euyll a chylde</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_712" id="vert_line_712">712</a></span> +<p class="in2">it doth become,</p> +<p>Thy selfe beynge iudge,</p> +<p class="in2">hauinge wisedome;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. iii.]</span> +<p>And sure it is taken</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_716" id="vert_line_716">716</a></span> +<p class="in2">by custome and vre,</p> +<p>whyle yonge you be</p> +<p class="in2">there is helpe and cure.</p> +<p>This generall rule</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_720" id="vert_line_720">720</a></span> +<p class="in2">yet take with the,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Always keep your head uncovered.</span> +<p>In speakynge to any man</p> +<p class="in2">Thy head vn-couered be.</p> +<p>The common prouerbe</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_724" id="vert_line_724">724</a></span> +<p class="in2">remember ye oughte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Better unfed than untaught.</span> +<p>“Better vnfedde</p> +<p class="in2">then vn-taughte.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>How to take a Message.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_viii" id="vert_chap_viii"> +¶ How to order thy selfe being sente of message.<br> +Cap. viii.</a></h5> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">I</span>f of message</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_728" id="vert_line_728">728</a></span> +<p class="in2">forthe thou be sente,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Listen to it well; don’t go away not knowing it.</span> +<p>Take hede to the same,</p> +<p class="in2">Geue eare diligente;</p> +<p>Depart not awaye</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_732" id="vert_line_732">732</a></span> +<p class="in2">and beyng in doute,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. iii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>Know wel thy message</p> +<p class="in2">before thou passe out;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then hurry away,</span> +<p>with possible spede</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_736" id="vert_line_736">736</a></span> +<p class="in2">then hast thee right sone;</p> +<p>If nede shall requirr it</p> +<span class="linenum removed">738</span> +<p class="in2">so to be done.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +give the message;</span> +<p>After humble obeisaunce,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_740" id="vert_line_740">740</a></span> +<p class="in2">the message forth shewe</p> +<p>Thy wordes well placinge</p> +<span class="linenum removed">742</span> +<p class="in2">in vttringe but fewe</p> +<p>As shall thy matter</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_744" id="vert_line_744">744</a></span> +<p class="in2">serue to declare.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +get the answer, return home, and tell it to your master</span> +<p>Thine answere made,</p> +<p class="in2">then home againe repare,</p> +<p>And to thy master</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_748" id="vert_line_748">748</a></span> +<p class="in2">therof make relacion</p> +<p>As then the answere</p> +<p class="in2">shall geue thee occasion.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Socra.</span> +<p>Neither adde nor deminish</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_752" id="vert_line_752">752</a></span> +<p class="in2">any thynge to the same,</p> +<p>Lest after it proue</p> +<p class="in2">to thy rebuke and shame,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. iiii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +exactly as it was told to you.</span> +<p>But the same vtter</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_756" id="vert_line_756">756</a></span> +<p class="in2">so nere as thou can;</p> +<p>No faulte they shall fynde</p> +<p class="in2">to charge thee with than,</p> +<p>In most humble wyse</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_760" id="vert_line_760">760</a></span> +<p class="in2">loke done that it be,</p> +<p>As shall become beste</p> +<p class="in2">a seruantes degre.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Against Anger, &c.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_ix" id="vert_chap_ix"> +¶ A-gainste Anger, Enuie, and malice.<br> +Cap. ix.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The slave of Anger must fall.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">I</span>f thou be subiecte</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_764" id="vert_line_764">764</a></span> +<p class="in2">and to anger thrall,</p> +<p>And reason thee rule not,</p> +<p class="in2">nedes must thou fall.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">237</span> +<a name="page237" id="page237"> </a> +<!-- png 359 --> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Pericles.</span> +<p>Conquer thy wyll</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_768" id="vert_line_768">768</a></span> +<p class="in2">and subdue thy luste,</p> +<p>Thy fansy not folowing,</p> +<p class="in2">thy cause though be iuste;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Anger’s deeds are strange to wise men.</span> +<p>For anger and furie</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_772" id="vert_line_772">772</a></span> +<p class="in2">wyll thee so chaunge</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. iiii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>That thy doynges to wise men</p> +<p class="in2">wyll appear straunge.</p> +<p>Thine anger and wrath</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_776" id="vert_line_776">776</a></span> +<p class="in2">seke then to appeace,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Plato.</span> +<p>For wrath, saith Plato,</p> +<p class="in2">Leades shame in a leace.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Isocra.</span> +<p>The hastie man</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_780" id="vert_line_780">780</a></span> +<p class="in2">wantes neuer trouble,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +A hasty man is always in trouble.</span> +<p>His mad moody mynde</p> +<p class="in2">his care doth double.</p> +<p>And malyce thee moue</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_784" id="vert_line_784">784</a></span> +<p class="in2">to reuenge thy cause,</p> +<p>Dread euer god,</p> +<p class="in2">and daunger of the lawes.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Take no revenge, but forgive.</span> +<p>Do not reuenge,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_788" id="vert_line_788">788</a></span> +<p class="in2">though in thy power it be,</p> +<p>Forgeue the offender</p> +<span class="linenum removed">790</span> +<p class="in2">being thine enemie.</p> +<p>He is perfectely pacient,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_792" id="vert_line_792">792</a></span> +<p class="in2">we may repute plaine,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Plato.</span> +<p>[That] From wrath and furye</p> +<span class="linenum removed">794</span> +<p class="in2">himselfe can refrayne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. v.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Envy no one.</span> +<p>Disdayne nor enuie</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_796" id="vert_line_796">796</a></span> +<p class="in2">The state of thy brother,</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Seneca.</span> +<p>In worde nor dede</p> +<p class="in2">not hurtyng one an other.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +An ill body breeds debate.</span> +<p>Debate and disceate,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_800" id="vert_line_800">800</a></span> +<p class="in2">contencion and enuie,</p> +<p>Are the chiefe frutes</p> +<p class="in2">of an euyll bodie.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Salomon.</span> +<p>And Salomon saithe</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_804" id="vert_line_804">804</a></span> +<p class="in2">“The harte full of enuie,</p> +<p>Of him selfe hath</p> +<span class="linenum removed">806</span> +<p class="in2">no pleasure nor commoditie.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>The Fruits of Charity, &c.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_x" id="vert_chap_x"> +¶ The fruites of charitie, loue, and pacience.<br> +Cap. x.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Charity seeketh not her own, but bears patiently.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">C</span>haritie seketh not</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_808" id="vert_line_808">808</a></span> +<p class="in2">that to her doth belonge,</p> +<p>But paciently a-bydinge,</p> +<p class="in2">sustainynge rather wronge;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Charity seeketh not her own,</span> +<p>Not enuiynge, but bearinge</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_812" id="vert_line_812">812</a></span> +<p class="in2">with loue and pacience,—</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. v. <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but bears patiently.</span> +<p>So noble is her nature,—</p> +<span class="linenum removed">814</span> +<p class="in2">forgeuing all ofence.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Love incites to Mercy.</span> +<p>And loue doth moue</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_816" id="vert_line_816">816</a></span> +<p class="in2">the mynde to mercie,</p> +<p>But malice againe</p> +<p class="in2">doth worke the contrarie.</p> +<p>whiche in the wicked</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_820" id="vert_line_820">820</a></span> +<p class="in2">wyll euer beare stroke,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Patience teaches forbearance.</span> +<p>Pacience thee teacheth</p> +<p class="in2">therof to beare the yoke.</p> +<p>where pacience and loue</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_824" id="vert_line_824">824</a></span> +<p class="in2">to-gether do dwell</p> +<p>All hate and debate,</p> +<p class="in2">with malice, they expell.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">238</span> +<a name="page238" id="page238"> </a> +<!-- png 360 --> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Pithagoras.</span> +<p>Loue constant and faithfull,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_828" id="vert_line_828">828</a></span> +<p class="in2">Pithagoras doth call</p> +<p>To be a vertue</p> +<p class="in2">most principall.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Plato.</span> +<p>Plato doth speake</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_832" id="vert_line_832">832</a></span> +<p class="in2">almoste in effecte</p> +<p>‘where loue is not,</p> +<p class="in2">no vertue is perfecte.’</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. vi.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Pray God to give thee Charity and Patience,</span> +<p>Desire then god</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_836" id="vert_line_836">836</a></span> +<p class="in2">to assiste thee with his grace</p> +<p>Charitie to vse</p> +<p class="in2">and pacience to imbrace;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +to lead thee to Virtue’s School,</span> +<p>These three folowinge</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_840" id="vert_line_840">840</a></span> +<p class="in2">will thee instructe,</p> +<p>That to vertues schoole</p> +<p class="in2">they wyll thee conducte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and thence to Eternal Bliss.</span> +<p>And from vertues schoole</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_844" id="vert_line_844">844</a></span> +<p class="in2">to eternall blisse</p> +<p>where incessaunt ioie</p> +<p class="in2">continually is.</p> + +<span class="headnote">AGAINST SWEARING.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Against Swearing.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_xi" id="vert_chap_xi"> +¶ A-gainge (<i>so</i>) the horrible vice of swearynge.<br> +Cap. xi.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Take not God’s name in vain,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">I</span>n vaine take not</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_848" id="vert_line_848">848</a></span> +<p class="in2">the name of god;</p> +<p>Swere not at all</p> +<p class="in2">for feare of his rod.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or He will plague thee.</span> +<p>The house with plagues</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_852" id="vert_line_852">852</a></span> +<p class="in2">he threteneth to visit</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +sign. C. vi. <i>b.</i></span> +<p>where othes are vsed:</p> +<p class="in2">they shall not escape it.</p> +<p>Iuste are his iudgementes,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_856" id="vert_line_856">856</a></span> +<p class="in2">and true is his worde,</p> +<p>And sharper then is</p> +<p class="in2">a two edged sworde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Beware of His wrath,</span> +<p>wherfore beware thou</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_860" id="vert_line_860">860</a></span> +<p class="in2">his heauy indignacion,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and live well in thy vocation.</span> +<p>And learne to lyue well</p> +<p class="in2">in thy vocacion</p> +<p>wherin that god</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_864" id="vert_line_864">864</a></span> +<p class="in2">shall thee set or call;</p> +<p>Rysinge againe—</p> +<p class="in2">if it fortune to fall—</p> +<p>By prayer and repentance,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_868" id="vert_line_868">868</a></span> +<p class="in2">whiche is the onely waie.</p> +<p>Christ wolde not the death</p> +<span class="linenum removed">870</span> +<p class="in2">of a sinner, I saye,</p> +<p>But rather he turne</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_872" id="vert_line_872">872</a></span> +<p class="in2">From his wickednesse,</p> +<p>And so to lyue</p> +<p class="in2">in vertue and goodnesse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. vii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +What is the good of swearing?</span> +<p>what better art thou</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_876" id="vert_line_876">876</a></span> +<p class="in2">for this thy swearyng</p> +<p>Blasfamouslye,</p> +<p class="in2">the name of god tearyng?</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +It kindles God’s wrath against thee.</span> +<p>Prouokynge his yre</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_880" id="vert_line_880">880</a></span> +<p class="in2">and kyndlinge his wrath</p> +<p>Thee for to plauge,</p> +<p class="in2">that geuinge the hath</p> +<p>Knowlage and reason</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_884" id="vert_line_884">884</a></span> +<p class="in2">thy selfe for to rule,</p> +<p>And for to flee</p> +<p class="in2">the thynge that is euyl.</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Seneca.</span> +<p>Senica doth councell thee</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_888" id="vert_line_888">888</a></span> +<p class="in2">all swerynge to refrayne,</p> +<p>Although great profite</p> +<p class="in2">by it thou mighte gaine:</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Pericles.</span> +<p>Pericles, whose wordes</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_892" id="vert_line_892">892</a></span> +<p class="in2">are manifeste and playne,</p> +<p>From sweryng admonisheth</p> +<span class="linenum removed">894</span> +<p class="in2">thee to obstaine;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">239</span> +<a name="page239" id="page239"> </a> +<!-- png 361 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +God’s law forbids</span> +<p>The lawe of god,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_896" id="vert_line_896">896</a></span> +<p class="in2">and commaundement he gaue,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. vii. <i>b.</i></span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +swearing,</span> +<p>Swearynge amongst vs</p> +<p class="in2">in no wyse wolde haue.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and so does the counsel of Philosophers.</span> +<p>The councell of philosoph[ers]</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_900" id="vert_line_900">900</a></span> +<p class="in2">I haue here expreste,</p> +<p>Amongest whom sweryng</p> +<p class="in2">was vtterly deteste;</p> +<p>Much lesse amongest christians</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_904" id="vert_line_904">904</a></span> +<p class="in2">ought it to be vsed,</p> +<p>But vtterly of them</p> +<p class="in2">cleane to be refused.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Against filthy talking.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_xii" id="vert_chap_xii"> +¶ A-gainste the vice of filthy talkynge.<br> +Cap. xii.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Never talk dirt.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">N</span>o filthy taulke</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_908" id="vert_line_908">908</a></span> +<p class="in2">in no wise vse,</p> +<p>Thy tonge therby</p> +<p class="in2">for to abuse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +For every word we shall give account</span> +<p>Of euery idell worde</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_912" id="vert_line_912">912</a></span> +<p class="in2">an accumpte we shall render;—</p> +<p>All men I woulde</p> +<p class="in2">this sayinge to remember;—</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. viii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +at the Day of Doom,</span> +<p>To god for it</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_916" id="vert_line_916">916</a></span> +<p class="in2">at the generall daie</p> +<p>In earnest or sporte</p> +<p class="in2">we shall speake or saie;</p> +<p>whiche daye to the iuste</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_920" id="vert_line_920">920</a></span> +<p class="in2">shallbe most ioyfull,</p> +<p>And to the wicked</p> +<p class="in2">againe as wofull.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and be judged according to our deeds.</span> +<p>As we here doe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_924" id="vert_line_924">924</a></span> +<p class="in2">so shall we receaue,</p> +<p>Vnles we repente</p> +<p class="in2">and mercy of god craue.</p> +<p>If god wyll deale</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_928" id="vert_line_928">928</a></span> +<p class="in2">with vs so straight</p> +<p>For thinges that be</p> +<p class="in2">of so small waight,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Let lewd livers then fear.</span> +<p>Then haue we cause</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_932" id="vert_line_932">932</a></span> +<p class="in2">to feare and dreade,</p> +<p>Our lyues lewdly</p> +<p class="in2">if we haue leade.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. C. viii. <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your tongue from vain talking. </span> +<p>Thy tonge take hede</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_936" id="vert_line_936">936</a></span> +<p class="in2">thou doe refrayne</p> +<p>From speakyng wordes</p> +<p class="in2">that are moste vayne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote original"> +Aristot.</span> +<p>Thy wyll and witte</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_940" id="vert_line_940">940</a></span> +<p class="in2">to goodnes applie,</p> +<p>Thy mynde exercise</p> +<p class="in2">in vertuous studie.</p> + +<span class="headnote">AGAINST LYING.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Against Lying.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vert_chap_xiii" id="vert_chap_xiii"> +¶ A-gainste the vice of lyinge.<br> +Capitulo .xiii.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote original stanza"> +Plato.</span> +<p><span class="largecap">T</span>o forge, to fayne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_944" id="vert_line_944">944</a></span> +<p class="in2">to flater and lye,</p> +<p>Requiere diuers collours</p> +<p class="in2">with wordes fayre and slye,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +To speak the</span> +<p>But the vtteraunce of truthe</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_948" id="vert_line_948">948</a></span> +<p class="in2">is so simple and playne</p> + +<span class="pagenum">240</span> +<a name="page240" id="page240"> </a> +<!-- png 362 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +truth needs no study,</span> +<p>That it nedeth no studie</p> +<span class="linenum removed">950</span> +<p class="in2">to forge or to fayne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +therefore always</span> +<p>wherfore saye truth,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_952" id="vert_line_952">952</a></span> +<p class="in2">how euer stand the case,</p> +<p>So shalte thou fynde</p> +<span class="linenum removed">954</span> +<p class="in2">more fauour and grace.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +practise it and speak it.</span> +<p>Vse truthe, and say truth,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_956" id="vert_line_956">956</a></span> +<p class="in2">in that thou goest aboute,</p> +<p>For tyme of althinges</p> +<p class="in2">the truthe wyll bringe out.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. D. i.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Shame is the reward of lying.</span> +<p>Shame is the rewarde</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_960" id="vert_line_960">960</a></span> +<p class="in2">For lying dewe;</p> +<p>Then auoyde shame,</p> +<p class="in2">and vtter wordes trewe.</p> +<p>A lyar by his lying</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_964" id="vert_line_964">964</a></span> +<p class="in2">this profet doth get,</p> +<p>That whan he saith truth</p> +<p class="in2">no man wyll him credet;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Always speak the truth.</span> +<p>Then let thy talke</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_968" id="vert_line_968">968</a></span> +<p class="in2">with the truth agree,</p> +<p>And blamed for it</p> +<p class="in2">thou shalte neuer bee.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Who can trust a liar?</span> +<p>Howe maie a man</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_972" id="vert_line_972">972</a></span> +<p class="in2">a lyer ought truste?</p> +<p>But doubte his dedes,</p> +<p class="in2">his woordes being vniuste.</p> +<p>In tellyng of truth</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_976" id="vert_line_976">976</a></span> +<p class="in2">there lougeth no shame,</p> +<p>Where vttring of lyes</p> +<p class="in2">deserueth much blame;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If a lie saves you once,</span> +<p>And though a lye</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_980" id="vert_line_980">980</a></span> +<p class="in2">from stripes ye once saue,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. D. i. <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +it deceives you thrice.</span> +<p>Thrise for that once</p> +<span class="linenum removed">982</span> +<p class="in2">it wyll the desceue;</p> +<p>Truste then to truth,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_984" id="vert_line_984">984</a></span> +<p class="in2">and neither forge nor fayne,</p> +<p>And followe these preceptes:</p> +<span class="linenum removed">986</span> +<p class="in2">from liyng do refraine.</p> + +<span class="headnote">A NIGHTLY PRAYER.</span> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>A bedward Prayer.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vertue_bedde" id="vertue_bedde"> +¶ A praier to be saide when thou goest to bedde.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +God of mercy,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">O</span> Mercifull god!</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_988" id="vert_line_988">988</a></span> +<p class="in2">heare this our requeste,</p> +<p>And graunte vnto vs</p> +<span class="linenum removed">990</span> +<p class="in2">this nighte quiet reste.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +take us into Thy care.</span> +<p>Into thy tuicion,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_992" id="vert_line_992">992</a></span> +<p class="in2">oh lorde, do vs take!</p> +<p>Our bodies slepynge,</p> +<p class="in2">our myndes yet maie wake.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Forgive us our sins.</span> +<p>Forgeue the offences</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_996" id="vert_line_996">996</a></span> +<p class="in2">this daye we haue wroughte</p> +<p>A-gainste thee and our neighbour</p> +<span class="linenum removed">998</span> +<p class="in2">in worde, dede, and thoughte!</p> +<p>And graunte vs thy grace</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_1000" id="vert_line_1000">1000</a></span> +<p class="in2">hense forth to flie sinne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. D. ii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Deliver us from evil,</span> +<p>And that a newe lyfe</p> +<p class="in2">we maie nowe beginne!</p> +<p>Deliuer and defende vs</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_1004" id="vert_line_1004">1004</a></span> +<p class="in2">this night from all euell,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and our enemy the Devil.</span> +<p>And from the daunger</p> +<p class="in2">of our enemie, the diuell,</p> +<p>whiche goeth a-boute</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1008" id="vert_line_1008">1008</a></span> +<p class="in2">sekyng his praie,</p> +<p>And by his crafte</p> +<p class="in2">whom we maie betraie.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">241</span> +<a name="page241" id="page241"> </a> +<!-- png 363 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Assist us</span> +<p>Assiste vs, oh lorde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1012" id="vert_line_1012">1012</a></span> +<p class="in2">with thy holy sprite,</p> +<p>That valiantly against him</p> +<p class="in2">we maie euer fighte;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +to conquer him</span> +<p>And winning the victorie,</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_1016" id="vert_line_1016">1016</a></span> +<p class="in2">maie lifte vp our voice,</p> +<p>And in his strength</p> +<span class="linenum removed">1018</span> +<p class="in2">faithfully reioice,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and ascribe all honour to Thee.</span> +<p>Saying, “to the lorde</p> +<span class="linenum added"><a name="vert_line_1020" id="vert_line_1020">1020</a></span> +<p class="in2">be all honour and praise</p> +<p>For his defence</p> +<p class="in2">bothe now and alwaies!”</p> + +<span class="headnote">THE DUTY OF ALL DEGREES OF MEN.</span> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. D. ii. <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>Each one’s Duty.</i></span> +<h5><a name="vertue_dutie" id="vertue_dutie"> +¶ the dutie of eche degred. (<i>so</i>)<br> +brefely declared.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The Duty of Princes,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +<a name="vert_duty_1" id="vert_duty_1">1</a> +<span class="largecap">Y</span>e princes, that the earth</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1024" id="vert_line_1024">1024</a></span> +<p class="in2">rule and gouerne,</p> +<p>Seke ye for knowledge</p> +<p class="in2">doubtes to discerne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Judges,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +<a name="vert_duty_2" id="vert_duty_2">2</a> +Ye iudges, geue iudgement</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1028" id="vert_line_1028">1028</a></span> +<p class="in2">according to righte</p> +<p>As may be founde</p> +<p class="in2">acceptable in the lordes sight.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Prelates,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +<a name="vert_duty_3" id="vert_duty_3">3</a> +Ye prelates, preache purely</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1032" id="vert_line_1032">1032</a></span> +<p class="in2">the worde of our lorde,</p> +<p>That your liuings & prechinges</p> +<p class="in2">in one maie accorde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Parents,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +<a name="vert_duty_4" id="vert_duty_4">4</a> +Ye fathers and mothers,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1036" id="vert_line_1036">1036</a></span> +<p class="in2">so your children instructe</p> +<p>As maye them to grace</p> +<p class="in2">and uertue conducte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. D. iii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Children,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +<a name="vert_duty_5" id="vert_duty_5">5</a> +Ye chyldren, lykewyse</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1040" id="vert_line_1040">1040</a></span> +<p class="in2">obey your pare<i>n</i>tes here;</p> +<p>In all godlinesse</p> +<p class="in2">see that ye them feare.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Masters,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +<a name="vert_duty_6" id="vert_duty_6">6</a> +Ye maisters, do you</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1044" id="vert_line_1044">1044</a></span> +<p class="in2">the thynge that is righte</p> +<p>Not lokynge what</p> +<p class="in2">ye may do by mighte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Servants,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +<a name="vert_duty_7" id="vert_duty_7">7</a> +Ye seruauntes, applie</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1048" id="vert_line_1048">1048</a></span> +<p class="in2">your busines and arte,</p> +<p>Doinge the same</p> +<p class="in2">in singlenesse of harte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Husbands.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +<a name="vert_duty_8" id="vert_duty_8">8</a> +Ye husbandes, loue your wyues,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1052" id="vert_line_1052">1052</a></span> +<p class="in2">and with them dwell,</p> +<p>All bitternesse set aparte,</p> +<p class="in2">vsing wordes gentell.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">242</span> +<a name="page242" id="page242"> </a> +<!-- png 364 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The Duty of Wives,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +<a name="vert_duty_9" id="vert_duty_9">9</a> +Ye wyues, to your husbandes</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1056" id="vert_line_1056">1056</a></span> +<p class="in2">be obedient alwaie,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. D. iii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>For they are your heades,</p> +<p class="in2">and ye bounde to obeie.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Parsons and Vicars,</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_10" id="vert_duty_10">10</a> +Ye persons and vickers</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1060" id="vert_line_1060">1060</a></span> +<p class="in2">that haue cure and charge,</p> +<p>Take hede to the same,</p> +<p class="in2">and roue not at large.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Men of Law,</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_11" id="vert_duty_11">11</a> +Ye men of lawe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1064" id="vert_line_1064">1064</a></span> +<p class="in2">in no wyse delaie</p> +<p>The cause of the poore,</p> +<p class="in2">but helpe what ye maie.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Craftsmen,</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_12" id="vert_duty_12">12</a> +Ye that be craftes men,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1068" id="vert_line_1068">1068</a></span> +<p class="in2">vse no disceite,</p> +<p>Geuing to all men</p> +<p class="in2">tale, measure, and weighte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Landlords,</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_13" id="vert_duty_13">13</a> +Ye that be landlordes</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1072" id="vert_line_1072">1072</a></span> +<p class="in2">and haue housen to let,</p> +<p>At reasonable rentes</p> +<p class="in2">do them forth set.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. D. iiii.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Merchants,</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus stanza"> +<a name="vert_duty_14" id="vert_duty_14">14</a> +Ye merchauntes that vse</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1076" id="vert_line_1076">1076</a></span> +<p class="in2">the trade of merchandise,</p> +<p>Vse lawfull wares</p> +<p class="in2">and reasonable prise.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Subjects,</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_15" id="vert_duty_15">15</a> +Ye subiectes, lyue ye</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1080" id="vert_line_1080">1080</a></span> +<p class="in2">in obedience and awe,</p> +<p>Fearyng gods stroke,</p> +<p class="in2">and daunger of the lawe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Rich Men,</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_16" id="vert_duty_16">16</a> +Ye rych, whom god</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1084" id="vert_line_1084">1084</a></span> +<p class="in2">hath goods vnto sente,</p> +<p>Releue the poore</p> +<p class="in2">and helpe the indigente.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Poor Men,</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_17" id="vert_duty_17">17</a> +Ye that are poore,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1088" id="vert_line_1088">1088</a></span> +<p class="in2">with your state be contente,</p> +<p>Not hauinge wherwith</p> +<p class="in2">to lyue competente.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Magistrates,</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_18" id="vert_duty_18">18</a> +Ye magestrates, the cause</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1092" id="vert_line_1092">1092</a></span> +<p class="in2">of the widdow and fatherles</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[sign. D. iiii. <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>Defende againste suche</p> +<p class="in2">as shall them opresse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Officers,</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_19" id="vert_duty_19">19</a> +All ye that are called</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1096" id="vert_line_1096">1096</a></span> +<p class="in2">to any other office,</p> +<p>Execute the same</p> +<p class="in2">acordinge to iustice.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">243</span> +<a name="page243" id="page243"> </a> +<!-- png 365 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The Duty of all Men.</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_20" id="vert_duty_20">20</a> +Let eche here so liue</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="vert_line_1100" id="vert_line_1100">1100</a></span> +<p class="in2">in his vocacion,</p> +<p>As maie his soule saue,</p> +<p class="in2">and profet his nacion.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +God grant us all to live and die well!</span> +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +<a name="vert_duty_21" id="vert_duty_21">21</a> +This graunting god,</p> +<span class="linenum"><ins class="mycorr" +title="printed ‘1102’">1104</ins></span> +<p class="in2">that sitteth on hie,</p> +<p>we shall here well lyue</p> +<p class="in2">and after well die.</p> + +<p> </p> + +<p class="in8"> +<b>Famam virtutis mors</b></p> +<p class="in8"> +<b>Abolire nequit quod. F. S.</b></p> + +</div> <!-- end div verse --> + +<p> </p> + +<p class="center"> +¶ Imprinted at London in Paules<br> +Churchyearde. By william<br> +Seares.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">244</span> +<a name="page244" id="page244"> </a> +<!-- png 366 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="avyse" id="avyse"> +<img src="images/page244header.png" width="356" height="33" +alt="Whate-ever thow sey, avyse thee welle!" +title="Whate-ever thow sey, avyse thee welle!"> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>MS.</i> O. 9. 38. <i>Trinity College, Cambridge.</i>]</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<p>Almyȝty godde, conserue vs fram care!</p> +<p>Where ys thys worle A-wey y-wente?</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +A man must mind what he says;</span> + +<p>A man that schold speke, had nede to be ware,</p> +<span class="linenum">4</span> +<p>ffor lytyl thyng he may be schente;</p> +<p>Tonggys beth y-turne to lyther entente;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +hearts are fickle and fell.</span> + +<p>Hertys, they beth bothe fykel and felle;</p> +<p>Man, be ware leste thow repente!</p> +<span class="linenum">8</span> +<p>Whate eu<i>er</i> thow sey, A-vyse the welle!</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Take care what you say.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +A-vyse the, man, yn whate place and whare</p> +<p>A woord of conseyl thow doyst seyne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +A false friend may hear it,</span> + +<p>Sum man may ley ther-to hys ere;</p> +<span class="linenum">12</span> +<p>Thow wenyst he be thy frend; he ys thy foo c<i>er</i>teyne;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and after a year or two will repeat it.</span> + +<p>P<i>er</i>aventor aftyr A ȝere or tweyne—</p> +<p>Thow trowyst as tru as eny stele,—</p> +<p>Thys woord yn wreth thow schalt hyre A-gayne!</p> +<span class="linenum">16</span> +<p>Whate eu<i>er</i> thow sey, A-vyse the welle!</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Hasty speech hurts hearer and speaker.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Meny man spekyth yn hastenys:</p> +<p>hyt hyndryth hym and eke hys frende;</p> +<p>hym were well<i>e</i> beter his tong<i>e</i> to sese</p> +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<p>Than they both ther-for be schende.</p> +<p>Suche wordys beth not to be had yn meynde,</p> +<p>hyt makyȝt comforte w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> care to kele:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +In the beginning, think on the end.</span> + +<p>Man, yn the begynnyng thenk on þe eynde!</p> +<span class="linenum">24</span> +<p>Whate eu<i>er</i> thow sey, A-vyse the welle!</p> + +<span class="pagenum">245</span> +<a name="page245" id="page245"> </a> +<!-- png 367 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +You tell a man a secret, and he’ll betray it for a drink of wine.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +To sum man thow mayste tel a pryuy tale:</p> +<p>Whan he fro the ys wente A-way,</p> +<p>ffor a drawȝt of wyne other ale</p> +<span class="linenum">28</span> +<p>he woll<i>e</i> the wrey, by my fay,</p> +<p>And make hyt worse (hyt ys noo nay)</p> +<p>Than eu<i>er</i> hyt was, A thowsend dele.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Mind what you say.</span> + +<p>Thys ys my song<i>e</i> both nyȝt & day,</p> +<span class="linenum">32</span> +<p>Whate eu<i>er</i> thow sey, A-vyse the welle!</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Avoid backbiting and flattering;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Be ware of bagbytynge, y the rede;</p> +<p>ley flateryng<i>e</i> vndyr thy foote, loke;</p> +<p>Deme the beste of eu<i>er</i>y dede</p> +<span class="linenum">36</span> +<p>Tyll<i>e</i> trowth haue serchyd truly þe roote;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +refrain from malice,</span> + +<p>Rrefrayne malyce cruell<i>e</i> & hoote;</p> +<p>Dyscretly and wysly speende thy spelle;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and bragging.</span> + +<p>Boost ne brag<i>e</i> ys worth A Ioote;</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<p>Whate eu<i>er</i> thow sey, A-vyse the welle!</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +A venomous tongue causes sorrow.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Dysese, wharre, sorowe and debate,</p> +<p>ys caused ofte by venemys tong<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When words are said, regret is too late.</span> + +<p>haddywyst cometh eu<i>er</i> to late</p> +<span class="linenum">44</span> +<p>Whan lewyd woordis beth owte y-sprong<i>e</i>.</p> +<p>The kocke seyth wysly on his song<i>e</i></p> +<p>‘hyre and see, and hold the stylle,’</p> +<p>And eu<i>er</i> kepe thys lesson A-mong<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Mind what you say.</span> + +<span class="linenum">48</span> +<p>Whate eu<i>er</i> thow sey, A-vyse the welle!</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Had men thought of this, many things done in England would never have +been begun.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +y dere well<i>e</i> swery by the sonne,</p> +<p>yf eu<i>er</i>y man had thys woord yn thowȝt</p> +<p>Meny thynggis had neu<i>er</i> be by-gunne</p> +<span class="linenum">52</span> +<p>That ofte yn Ingelond hath be y-wroȝt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +See <i>The Wise Man</i>, in <i>Babees Boke</i>, &c. +p. 48.</span> + +<p>The wyse man hath hys sone y-tawȝtte</p> +<p>yn ryches, poorte, woo, and welle,</p> +<p>Thys worthy reson for-ȝete thow noȝt,</p> +<span class="linenum">56</span> +<p>Whate eu<i>er</i> thow sey, A-vyse the welle!</p> + +<span class="pagenum">246</span> +<a name="page246" id="page246"> </a> +<!-- png 368 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +To speak aright observe six things:</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +yf that thow wolte speke A-ryȝt,</p> +<p>Ssyx thynggys thow moste obserue then:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +1. what; 2. of whom; 3. where; 4. to whom; 5. why; 6. when.</span> + +<p>What thow spekyst, & of what wyȝt,</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<p>Whare, to wham, whye, and whenne.</p> +<p>Thow noost how soone thow schalt go henne;</p> +<p>As lome be meke, as serpent felle;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +In every place mind what you say.</span> + +<p>yn eu<i>er</i>y place, A-monge all<i>e</i> men,</p> +<span class="linenum">64</span> +<p>Whate eu<i>er</i> thow sey, A-vyse the welle!</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Almighty God,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +“Almyȝty god yn personys thre,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> herte mylde mekly y praye,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +grant me grace to serve Thee!</span> + +<p>Graunte me grace thy seruant to be</p> +<span class="linenum">68</span> +<p>Yn woorde and dede eu<i>er</i> and aye!</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Mary, mother,</span> + +<p>Mary, moder, blessyd maye,</p> +<p>Quene of hevyn, Imp<i>er</i>es of helle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +send me grace night and day!</span> + +<p>Sende me grace both nyȝt and daye!”</p> +<span class="linenum">72</span> +<p>Whate eu<i>er</i> thow sey, A-vyse the welle!</p> + +</div> + +<h5><span class="smallcaps">Explicit</span> &c.</h5> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="dogg_sowe" id="dogg_sowe"> +<img src="images/page246header.png" width="375" height="32" +alt="A Dogg Lardyner, & a Sowe Gardyner." +title="A Dogg Lardyner, & a Sowe Gardyner."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>MS.</i> O. 9. 38. <i>Trinity College, Cambridge.</i>]</p> + +<p class="subhead"> +<i>Printed in</i> Reliquiæ Antiquæ, v. i. p. 233, <i>from<br> +MS. Lansdowne No. 762, fol.</i> 16 <i>b.</i></p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<span class="sidenote"> +A dog in a larder, a sow in a garden, a fool with wise men, are ill +matcht.</span> + +<p>hoo so makyȝt at crystysmas A dogg<i>e</i> lardyner, And yn march +A sowe gardyner, And yn may A foole of every wysmanys +counsayll<i>e</i>, he schall<i>e</i> neu<i>er</i> haue goode larder, ne +fayre gardyn, nother counsayll<i>e</i> well<i>e</i> y-keptt.</p> +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">247</span> +<a name="page247" id="page247"> </a> +<!-- png 369 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="maxims" id="maxims"> +<img src="images/page247header.png" width="152" height="30" +alt="Maxims in -ly" +title="Maxims in -ly"> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>MS. Lansdowne</i> 762, <i>fol.</i> 16 <i>b, written as prose.<br> +Printed in</i> Reliquiæ Antiquæ, v. i. p. 233.]</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Aryse erly,</p> +<p>serue God devowtely</p> +<p>and the worlde besely,</p> +<p>doo thy werk wisely,</p> +<p>yeue thyn<i>e</i> almes secretely,</p> +<p>goo by the waye sadly,</p> +<p>answer the people demuerly,</p> +<p>goo to thy mete apetitely,</p> +<p>sit therat discretely,</p> +<p>of thy tunge be not to lib<i>er</i>ally,</p> +<p>arise therfrom temp<i>er</i>ally,</p> +<p>go to thy supper soberly</p> +<p>and to thy bed merely,</p> +<p>be in thyn Inne iocundely,</p> +<p>please thy loue duely,</p> +<p>and Slepe suerly.</p> +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">248</span> +<a name="page248" id="page248"> </a> +<!-- png 370 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="ascham" id="ascham"> +<img src="images/page248header.png" width="225" height="92" +alt="Roger Ascham’s Advice / to / Lord Warwick’s Servant." +title="Roger Ascham’s Advice / to / Lord Warwick’s Servant."> +</a></p> + +<p>With the different counsels to babees, pages, and servants, +throughout this volume, may be compared Roger Ascham’s advice to his +brother-in-law, Mr C. H., when he put him to service with the Earl +of Warwick, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1559. Here follows +part of it, from Whitaker’s Hist. of Richmondshire, p. 282.</p> + +<div class="prose"> +<p class="space"> +First and formost, in all your thoughts, words, and deeds, +<span class="sidenote"> +Fear God,</span> +have before your eyes the feare of God..... +<span class="sidenote"> +serve your lord faithfully,</span> +love and serve your lord willingly, faithfullye, and secretlye; +<span class="sidenote"> +be courteous to your fellows.</span> +love and live with your fellowes honestly, quiettlye, curteouslye, that +noe man have cause either to hate yow for your stubborne frowardnes, or +to malice yow for your proud ungentlenes, two faults which +co<i>m</i>monly yonge men soones[t] fall into in great <ins class="mycorr" title="’ invisible">men’s</ins> +service. +<span class="sidenote"> +Despise no poor man.</span> +Contemne noe poore man, mocke noe simple man, w<i>hi</i>ch proud fooles +in cort like and love to doe; find fault with your selfe and with none +other, the best waye to live honestlye and quiettly in the court. +<span class="sidenote"> +Carry no tales.</span> +Carrye noe tales, be noe co<i>m</i>mon teller of newes, be not +inquisitive of other menn’s talke, for those that are desirous to heare +what they need not, co<i>m</i>monly be readye to babble what they shold +not. +<span class="sidenote"> +Tell no lies.</span> +Vse not to lye, for that is vnhonest; speake not everye truth, for that +is vnneedfull; yea, in tyme and place a harmlesse lye is a greate deale +better then a hurtfull truth. +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t play at dice or cards.</span> +Use not dyceing nor carding; the more yow use them the lesse yow wilbe +esteemed; the cunninger yow be at them +<span class="pagenum">249</span> +<a name="page249" id="page249"> </a> +<!-- png 371 --> +the worse man yow wilbe counted. +<span class="sidenote"> +Take to your lord’s favourite sport.</span> +for pastime, love and learne that w<i>hi</i>ch your lord liketh and +vseth most, whether itt be rydeing, shooteing, hunting, hawkeing, +fishing or any such exercise. Beware of secrett corners and night +sitting vp, the two nurses of mischiefe, unthriftines, losse, and +sicknes. +<span class="sidenote"> +Beware of idleness.</span> +Beware cheifely of ydlenes, the great pathway that leadeth directly to +all evills; be diligent alwayes, +<span class="sidenote"> +Always be at hand when you’re wanted.</span> +be present every where in your lord’s service, be at hand to call +others, and be not ofte sent for yourselfe; for marke this as part of +your creed, that the good service of one whole yeare shall never gett +soe much as the absence of one howre may lose, when your lord shall +stand in need of yow to send. if yow consider alwayes that absence and +negligence must needes be cause of greife and sorrowe to your selfe, of +chideing and rueing to your lord, and that +<span class="sidenote"> +Diligence will get you praise.</span> +dutye done diligently and presently shall gaine yow profitt, and +purchase yow great praise and your lord’s good countenance, yow shall +ridd me of care, and wynne your selfe creditt, make me a gladd man, and +your aged mother a ioyfull woman, and breed your freinds great comforth. +<span class="sidenote"> +God be with you!</span> +Soe I comitt and co<i>m</i>mend yow to God’s mercifull protecc<i>i</i>on +and good guidance, who long preserve Your ever loving and affectionate +brother in lawe.</p> + +<p class="right">R. ASKAM.</p> + +<p>To my loveing Brother in Lawe, Mr C. H., Servant to the Rt. +Ho<i>n</i>. the Earle of Warwick, these.</p> + +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">250</span> +<a name="page250" id="page250"> </a> +<!-- png 372 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="babees" id="babees"> +<img src="images/page250header.png" width="178" height="33" +alt="The Babees Book." +title="The Babees Book."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +OR A ‘LYTYL REPORTE’ OF HOW YOUNG PEOPLE SHOULD BEHAVE.</p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>MS. Harl.</i> 5086, <i>fol.</i> 86-90; <i>ab.</i> 1475 +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>]</p> + +<p class="mynote"> +In the printed book, some line numbers were shifted to avoid collision +with the pilcrow symbol at the beginning of each stanza. For this +e-text, numbers have been regularized to multiples of 4.</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +My God, support me while I translate this treatise from Latin.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="largecap">I</span>n this tretys the which<i>e</i> I +thenke to wryte</p> +<p>Out of latyn in-to my comvne langage,</p> +<p>He me supporte (sen I kan nat endyte),</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_4" id="bab_line_4">4</a></span> +<p>The which<i>e</i> only after his owne ymage</p> +<p>Fourmyd man-kynde! For alle of tendre age</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +It shall teach those of tender age.</span> +<p>In curtesye Resseyve shulle document,</p> +<p>And vertues knowe, by this lytil coment.</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_8" id="bab_line_8">8</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ And Facett seyth<i>e</i> the Book of curtesye,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +To know and practise virtues is the most profitable thing in the +world.</span> +<p>Vertues to knowe, thaym forto haue and vse,</p> +<p>Is thing moste heelfull<i>e</i> in this worlde trevly.</p> +<p>Therfore in feyth<i>e</i> I wole me nat excuse</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_12" id="bab_line_12">12</a></span> +<p>From this labour ywys, nor hit Refuse;</p> +<p>For myn owne lernynge wole I say su<i>m</i>me thing</p> +<p>That touchis vertues and curtesye havyng.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Young Babies, adorned with grace,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ But, O yonge Babees, whom<i>e</i> bloode Royall<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_16" id="bab_line_16">16</a></span> +<p>With<i>e</i> grace, Feture, and hyh<i>e</i> habylite</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +I call on you to know this book (for Nurture should accompany +beauty),</span> +<p>Hath<i>e</i> eno<i>ur</i>myd, on yow ys that I call<i>e</i></p> +<p>To knowe this Book; for it were grete pyte,</p> +<p>Syn that in yow ys sette sovereyne beaute,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_20" id="bab_line_20">20</a></span> +<p>But yf vertue and nurture were with<i>e</i> all<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>To yow therefore I speke in specyall<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and not on aged men expert therein.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ And nouht<i>e</i> to hem of elde that ben<i>e</i> experte</p> +<p>In governau<i>n</i>ce, nurture, and honeste.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">251</span> +<a name="page251" id="page251"> </a> +<!-- png 373 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Why add pain to hell,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_24" id="bab_line_24">24</a></span> +<p>For what nedys to yeve helle peynes smerte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +water to the sea,</span> +<p>Ioye vnto hevene, or water vnto the see,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 86 <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or heat to fire?</span> +<p>Heete to the Fyre that kan nat but hoote be?</p> + +<p>It nedys nouht<i>e</i>: therfore, O Babees yynge,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Babies, my book is for you only,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_28" id="bab_line_28">28</a></span> +<p>My Book only is made for youre lernynge.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and so I hope no one will find fault with it, but only amend it.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Therfore I pray that no man Reprehende</p> +<p>This lytyl Book, the which<i>e</i> for yow I make;</p> +<p>But where defaute ys, latte ylke man amende,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_32" id="bab_line_32">32</a></span> +<p>And nouht<i>e</i> deme yt; [I] pray thaym for youre sake.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The only reward I seek is that my book may please all and improve +you.</span> +<p>For other mede ywys I kepe noon<i>e</i> take</p> +<p>But that god wolde this Book myht<i>e</i> yche man plese,</p> +<p>And in lernynge vnto yow do<i>n</i>ne so<i>m</i>me ese.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +If you don’t know any word in it, ask till you do,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_36" id="bab_line_36">36</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Eke, swete children, yf ther<i>e</i> be eny worde</p> +<p>That yee ke<i>n</i>ne nouht<i>e</i>, spyrre whils yee yt ken;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and then keep hold of it.</span> +<p>Wha<i>n</i>ne yee yt knowe, yee mowe holde yt in horde,</p> +<p>Thus thurh<i>e</i> spyrryng yee mowe lerne at wyse men.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +And do not wonder at this being in metre.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_40" id="bab_line_40">40</a></span> +<p>Also thenke nouht<i>e</i> to st<i>ra</i>ungely at my penne,</p> +<p>In this metre for yow lyste to procede,</p> +<p>Men vsen yt; therfore on hit take hede.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +I must first describe how you Babies who dwell in households should +behave at meals,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ But amonge alle that I thenke of to telle,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_44" id="bab_line_44">44</a></span> +<p>My purpos ys first only forto trete</p> +<p>How yee Babees in housholde that done duelle</p> +<p>Shulde haue your<i>e</i> sylf whe<i>n</i>ne yee be sette at mete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and be ready with lovely and benign words when you are spoken to.</span> +<p>And how yee shulde, whe<i>n</i>ne men lyste yow Rehete,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_48" id="bab_line_48">48</a></span> +<p>Haue wordes lovly, swete, bleste, and benyngne.</p> +<p>In this helpe me O Marie, Modir dyngne!</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Lady Facetia, help me!</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ And eke, O lady myn, Facecia!</p> +<p>My pe<i>n</i>ne thow guyde, and helpe vnto me shewe;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">252</span> +<a name="page252" id="page252"> </a> +<!-- png 374 --> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 87.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Thou art the Mother of all Virtue.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_52" id="bab_line_52">52</a></span> +<p>For as the firste off alle lettres ys the A,</p> +<p>So Artow firste Modir of alle vertue.</p> +<p>Off myn vnku<i>n</i>nynge, swete lady, now Rewe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Help the ignorance of me untaught!</span> +<p>And thouh<i>e</i> vntauht<i>e</i> I speke of governau<i>n</i>ce,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_56" id="bab_line_56">56</a></span> +<p>With<i>e</i> thy swete helpe supporte myn ygnorau<i>n</i>ce.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Fair Babies, when you enter your lord’s place, say “God speed,”</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">A</span>, Bele Babees, herkne now to my lore!</p> +<p>Whe<i>n</i>ne yee entre into yo<i>ur</i> lordis place,</p> +<p>Say first, “god spede;” And alle that ben byfore</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and salute all there.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_60" id="bab_line_60">60</a></span> +<p>Yow in this stede, salue with<i>e</i> humble Face;</p> +<p>Stert nat Rudely; ko<i>m</i>me Inne an esy pace;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Kneel on one knee to your lord.</span> +<p>Holde vp youre heede, and knele but on oone kne</p> +<p>To youre sovereyne or lorde, whedir he be.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +If any speak to you, look straight at them, and listen well till they +have finished; do not chatter or let</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_64" id="bab_line_64">64</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ And yf they speke with<i>e</i> yow at youre komynge,</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> stable Eye loke vpon<i>e</i> theym Riht<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>To theyre tales and yeve yee goode herynge</p> +<p>Whils they haue seyde; loke eke with<i>e</i> alle yo<i>ur</i> +myht<i>e</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +your eyes wander about the house.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_68" id="bab_line_68">68</a></span> +<p>Yee Iangle nouht<i>e</i>, also caste nouht<i>e</i> yo<i>ur</i> +syht<i>e</i></p> +<p>Aboute the hovs, but take to theym entent</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> blyth<i>e</i> vysage, and spiryt diligent.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Answer sensibly,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Whe<i>n</i>ne yee Answere or speke, yee shull<i>e</i> be purveyde</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_72" id="bab_line_72">72</a></span> +<p>What yee shall<i>e</i> say / speke eke thing fructuous;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +shortly, and easily.</span> +<p>On esy wyse latte thy Reson<i>e</i> be sayde</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 87 <i>b.</i>]</span> +<p>In wordes gentyll<i>e</i> and also compendious,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Many words are a bore to a wise man.</span> +<p>For many wordes ben riht<i>e</i> Tedious</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_76" id="bab_line_76">76</a></span> +<p>To ylke wyseman that shall<i>e</i> yeve audience;</p> +<p>Thaym to eschewe therfore doo diligence.</p> +<span class="pagenum">253</span> +<a name="page253" id="page253"> </a> +<!-- png 375 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Stand till you are told to sit: keep</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Take eke noo seete, but to stonde be yee preste;</p> +<p>Whils forto sytte ye haue in komau<i>n</i>dement,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +your head, hands, and feet quiet:</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_80" id="bab_line_80">80</a></span> +<p>Youre heede, youre hande, yo<i>ur</i> feet, holde yee in reste;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t scratch yourself,</span> +<p>Nor thurh<i>e</i> clowyng, yo<i>ur</i> flesshe loke yee nat Rent;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or lean against a post,</span> +<p>Lene to no poste whils that ye stande present</p> +<p>Byfore yo<i>ur</i> lorde, nor handyll<i>e</i> ye no thyng</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or handle anything near.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_84" id="bab_line_84">84</a></span> +<p>Als for that tyme vnto the hovs touching.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Bow to your lord when you answer.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ At eu<i>er</i>y tyme obeye vnto youre lorde</p> +<p>Whe<i>n</i>ne yee answere, ellis stonde yee styl as stone</p> +<p>But yf he speke; loke with<i>e</i> oon accorde</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If any one better than yourself comes in, retire and give place to +him.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_88" id="bab_line_88">88</a></span> +<p>That yf yee se ko<i>m</i>me Inne eny p<i>er</i>sone</p> +<p>Better tha<i>n</i>ne yee, that yee goo bak anoone</p> +<p>And gyff him place; your<i>e</i> bak eke in no way</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Turn your back on no man.</span> +<p>Turne on no wiht<i>e</i>, as ferforth<i>e</i> as ye may.</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_92" id="bab_line_92">92</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Yiff that youre lorde also yee se drynkynge,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be silent while your lord drinks, not laughing, whispering, or +joking.</span> +<p>Looke that ye be in riht<i>e</i> stable sylence</p> +<p>With<i>e</i>-oute lowde lauht<i>e</i>re or Iangelynge,</p> +<p>Rovnynge, Iapynge, or other Insolence.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_96" id="bab_line_96">96</a></span> +<p>Yiff he komau<i>n</i>de also in his presence</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If he tells you to sit down, do so at once.</span> +<p>Yow forto sytte, fulfill<i>e</i> his wylle belyve,</p> +<p>And for youre seete, looke nat with<i>e</i> other stryve,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 88.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then don’t talk dirt, or scorn any one, but be meek and cheerful.</span> +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Whe<i>n</i>ne yee er sette, take noon<i>e</i> vnhoneste tale;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_100" id="bab_line_100">100</a></span> +<p>Eke forto skorne eschewe with<i>e</i> alle yo<i>ur</i> +myht<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Latte ay youre chere be lowly, blyth<i>e</i>, and hale,</p> +<p>With<i>e</i>-oute chidynge as that yee wolde fyht<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If your better praises you,</span> +<p>Yiff yee p<i>er</i>ceyve also that eny wiht<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_104" id="bab_line_104">104</a></span> +<p>Lyst yow ko<i>m</i>mende that better be tha<i>n</i>ne yee,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +rise up and thank him heartily.</span> +<p>Ryse vp anoon<i>e</i>, and thanke him with<i>e</i> herte free.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">254</span> +<a name="page254" id="page254"> </a> +<!-- png 376 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +When your lord or lady is speaking about the household,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Yif that yee se youre lorde or y<i>o</i>ure lady</p> +<p>Touching the housholde speke of eny thinge,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_108" id="bab_line_108">108</a></span> +<p>Latt theym alloone, for that is curtesy,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t you interfere, but be always ready to serve at the proper +time,</span> +<p>And entremete yow nouht<i>e</i> of theyre doynge,</p> +<p>But be Ay Redy with<i>e</i>-oute feynynge</p> +<p>At hable tyme to done yo<i>ur</i> lorde service,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_112" id="bab_line_112">112</a></span> +<p>So shall<i>e</i> yee gete anoon<i>e</i> a name of price.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +to bring drink, hold lights, or</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Also to brynge drynke, holde liht<i>e</i> wha<i>n</i>ne tyme ys,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +anything else,</span> +<p>Or to doo that which<i>e</i> ouht<i>e</i> forto be done,</p> +<p>Looke yee be preste, for so yee shall<i>e</i> ywys</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and so get a good name.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_116" id="bab_line_116">116</a></span> +<p>In nurture gete a gentyl name ful sone;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The best prayer you can make to God is to be well mannered.</span> +<p>And yif ye shulde at god aske yow a bone</p> +<p>Als to the worlde, better in noo degre</p> +<p>Miht<i>e</i> yee desire tha<i>n</i>ne nurtred forto be.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +If your lord offers you his cup,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_120" id="bab_line_120">120</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Yif that youre lorde his owne coppe lyste co<i>m</i>mende</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +rise up, take it with both hands,</span> +<p>To yow to drynke, ryse vp wha<i>n</i>ne yee it take,</p> +<p>And resseyve it goodly with<i>e</i> booth<i>e</i> youre hende;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 88 <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +offer it to no one else, but give it back to him that brought it.</span> +<p>Of yt also to nõõne other profre ye make,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_124" id="bab_line_124">124</a></span> +<p>But vnto him that brouht<i>e</i> yt yee hit take</p> +<p>Whe<i>n</i>ne yee haue done, for yt in no kyn wyse</p> +<p>Auht<i>e</i> comvne be, as techis vs the wyse.</p> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Now must I telle in shorte, for I muste so,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +At Noon, when your lord is ready for dinner,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_128" id="bab_line_128">128</a></span> +<p>Youre observau<i>n</i>ce that ye shall<i>e</i> done at none;</p> +<p>Whe<i>n</i>ne that ye se youre lorde to mete shall<i>e</i> goo,</p> +<p>Be redy to fecche him water sone;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +some pour water on him, some hold the towel for him</span> +<p>Su<i>m</i>me helle<a class="tag" name="bab_tag_1" id="bab_tag_1" href="#bab_note_1">1</a> water; su<i>m</i>me holde to he +hath<i>e</i> done</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_132" id="bab_line_132">132</a></span> +<p>The cloth<i>e</i> to him; And from him yee nat pace</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +till he has finished, and don’t leave till grace is said.</span> +<p>Whils he be sette, and haue herde sayde the grace.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="pagenum">255</span> +<a name="page255" id="page255"> </a> +<!-- png 377 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Stand by your lord till he tells you to sit,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Byfore him stonde whils he komau<i>n</i>de yow sytte,</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> clene handes Ay Redy him to serve;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +then keep your knife clean and sharp</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_136" id="bab_line_136">136</a></span> +<p>Whe<i>n</i>ne yee be sette, yo<i>ur</i> knyf with<i>e</i> alle +yo<i>ur</i> wytte</p> +<p>Vnto youre sylf both<i>e</i> clene and sharpe conserve,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +to cut your food.</span> +<p>That honestly yee mowe yo<i>ur</i> owne mete kerve.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be silent, and tell no nasty stories.</span> +<p>Latte curtesye and sylence with<i>e</i> yow duelle,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_140" id="bab_line_140">140</a></span> +<p>And foule tales looke noone to other telle.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Cut your bread, don’t break it.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Kutte with<i>e</i> yo<i>ur</i> knyf yo<i>ur</i> brede, and breke yt +nouht<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Lay a clean trencher before you, and eat your broth with a spoon,</span> +<p>A clene Trenchour byfore yow eke ye lay,</p> +<p>And whe<i>n</i>ne yo<i>ur</i> potage to yow shall<i>e</i> be +brouht<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t sup it up.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_144" id="bab_line_144">144</a></span> +<p>Take yow sponys, and soupe by no way,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t leave your spoon in your dish.</span> +<p>And in youre dysshe leve nat yo<i>ur</i> spone, I pray,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t lean on the table, or dirty the cloth.</span> +<p>Nor on the borde lenynge be yee nat sene,</p> +<p>But from embrowyng the cloth<i>e</i> yee kepe clene.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Don’t hang your head over your dish, or eat with a full mouth, or</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_148" id="bab_line_148">148</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Oute ou<i>er</i>e youre dysshe yo<i>ur</i> heede yee nat hynge,</p> +<p>And with<i>e</i> fulle mouth<i>e</i> drynke in no wyse;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +pick your nose, teeth, and nails,</span> +<p>Youre nose, yo<i>ur</i> teeth<i>e</i>, yo<i>ur</i> naylles, from +pykynge,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 89.]</span> +<p>Kepe At your mete, for so techis the wyse.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_152" id="bab_line_152">152</a></span> +<p>Eke or ye take in youre mouthe, yow avyse,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or stuff your mouth so that you can’t speak.</span> +<p>So mekyl mete but that yee riht<i>e</i> well<i>e</i> mowe</p> +<p>Answere, And speke, whe<i>n</i>ne men speke to yow.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Wipe your mouth when you drink,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Wha<i>n</i>ne ye shall<i>e</i> drynke, yo<i>ur</i> mouthe clence +with<i>e</i> A cloth<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t dirty the cup with your hands.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_156" id="bab_line_156">156</a></span> +<p>Youre handes eke that they in no manere</p> +<p>Imbrowe the cuppe, for tha<i>n</i>ne shull<i>e</i> noon<i>e</i> be +loth<i>e</i></p> +<span class="pagenum">256</span> +<a name="page256" id="page256"> </a> +<!-- png 378 --> +<p>With<i>e</i> yow to drynke that ben with<i>e</i> yow yfere.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t dip your meat in the salt-cellar,</span> +<p>The salte also touche nat in his salere</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_160" id="bab_line_160">160</a></span> +<p>With<i>e</i> nokyns mete, but lay it honestly</p> +<p>On youre Trenchoure, for that is curtesy.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +or put your knife in your mouth.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Youre knyf with<i>e</i> mete to yo<i>ur</i> mouthe nat bere,</p> +<p>And in youre hande nor holdẽ yee yt no way;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Taste every dish that’s brought to you, and when once your plate is +taken away, don’t ask for it again.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_164" id="bab_line_164">164</a></span> +<p>Eke yf to yow be brouht<i>e</i> goode metys sere,</p> +<p>Luke curteysly of ylke mete yee assay,</p> +<p>And yf yo<i>ur</i> dysshe with<i>e</i> mete be tane away</p> +<p>And better brouht<i>e</i>, curtesye wole certeyne</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_168" id="bab_line_168">168</a></span> +<p>Yee late yt passe and calle it nat ageyne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +If strangers dine with you, share all good food sent to you with +them.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ And yf st<i>ra</i>ungers with<i>e</i> yow be sette at mete,</p> +<p>And vnto yow goode mete be brouht<i>e</i> or sente,</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> parte of hit goodely yee theym Rehete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +It’s not polite to keep it all to yourself.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_172" id="bab_line_172">172</a></span> +<p>For yt ys nouht<i>e</i> ywys convenyent</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> yow at mete, wha<i>n</i>ne other ben present,</p> +<p>Alle forto holde that vnto yow ys brouht<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>And as wrecches on other vouchesauf nouht<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 89 <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t cut your meat like field labourers, who have such an appetite they +don’t care how they hack their food.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_176" id="bab_line_176">176</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Kutte nouht<i>e</i> youre mete eke as it were Felde men,</p> +<p>That to theyre mete haue suche an appetyte</p> +<p>That they ne rekke in what wyse, where ne when,</p> +<p>Nor how vngoodly they on theyre mete twyte;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sweet children, let your delight be courtesy, and eschew +rudeness.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_180" id="bab_line_180">180</a></span> +<p>But, swete children, haue al-wey yo<i>ur</i> delyte</p> +<p>In curtesye, and in verrey gentylnesse,</p> +<p>And at youre myht<i>e</i> eschewe boystousnesse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Have a clean trencher and knife for your cheese,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Wha<i>n</i>ne chese ys brouht<i>e</i>, A Trenchoure ha ye clene</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_184" id="bab_line_184">184</a></span> +<p>On which<i>e</i> with<i>e</i> clene knyf [ye] yo<i>ur</i> chese mowe +kerve;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and eat properly.</span> +<p>In your fedynge luke goodly yee be sene.</p> +<span class="pagenum">257</span> +<a name="page257" id="page257"> </a> +<!-- png 379 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t chatter either, and you shall get a good repute for +gentleness.</span> +<p>And from Iangelyng yo<i>ur</i> tunge al-wey conserve,</p> +<p>For so ywys yee shall<i>e</i> a name deserve</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_188" id="bab_line_188">188</a></span> +<p>Off gentylnesse and of goode governau<i>n</i>ce,</p> +<p>And in vertue al-wey youre silf avau<i>n</i>ce.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +When the meal is over,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Wha<i>n</i>ne that so ys that ende shall<i>e</i> kome of mete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +clean your knives, and put them in their places; keep your seats till +you’ve washed;</span> +<p>Youre knyffes clene, where they ouht<i>e</i> to be,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_192" id="bab_line_192">192</a></span> +<p>Luke yee putte vp<i>pe</i>; and holde eke yee yo<i>ur</i> seete</p> +<p>Whils yee haue wasshe, for so wole honeste.</p> +<p>Whe<i>n</i>ne yee haue done, looke tha<i>n</i>ne goodly that yee</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +then rise up without laughing or joking, and go to your lord’s +table.</span> +<p>With<i>e</i>-oute lauht<i>e</i>r<i>e</i>, Iapynge, or boystous +worde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_196" id="bab_line_196">196</a></span> +<p>Ryse vp<i>pe</i>, and goo vnto youre lordis borde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Stand there</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ And stonde yee there, and passe yee him nat fro</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +till grace is said.</span> +<p>Whils grace ys sayde and brouht<i>e</i> vnto an ende,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then some of you go for water, some hold the towel, some pour water over +his hands.</span> +<p>Tha<i>n</i>ne so<i>m</i>me of yow for water owe to goo,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_200" id="bab_line_200">200</a></span> +<p>So<i>m</i>me holde the clothe, so<i>m</i>me poure vpõn his hende.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 90.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Other things I shall not put in this little Report,</span> +<p>Other service tha<i>n</i>ne this I myht<i>e</i> comende</p> +<p>To yow to done, but, for the tyme is shorte,</p> +<p>I putte theym nouht<i>e</i> in this lytyl Reporte,</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but skip over, praying that no one will abuse me for this work.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_204" id="bab_line_204">204</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ But ou<i>er</i>e I passe, prayyng with<i>e</i> spyrit gladde</p> +<p>Of this labour that no wiht<i>e</i> me detray,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Let readers add or take away: I address it to every one who likes to +correct it.</span> +<p>But where to lytyl ys, latte him more adde,</p> +<p>And whe<i>n</i>ne to myche ys, latte him take away;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_208" id="bab_line_208">208</a></span> +<p>For thouh<i>e</i> I wolde, tyme wole that I no more say;</p> +<p>I leve therfore, And this Book I directe</p> +<p>To eu<i>er</i>y wiht<i>e</i> that lyste yt to correcte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Sweet children, I beseech you</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ And, swete children, for whos love now I write,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_212" id="bab_line_212">212</a></span> +<p>I yow beseche with<i>e</i> verrey lovande herte,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">258</span> +<a name="page258" id="page258"> </a> +<!-- png 380 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +know this book, and may God make you so expert therein</span> +<p>To knowe this book that yee sette yo<i>ur</i> delyte;</p> +<p>And myht<i>e</i>full<i>e</i> god, that suffred peynes smerte,</p> +<p>In curtesye he make yow so experte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +that you may attain endless bliss.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="bab_line_216" id="bab_line_216">216</a></span> +<p>That thurh<i>e</i> yo<i>ur</i> nurture and youre +governau<i>n</i>ce</p> +<p>In lastynge blysse yee mowe yo<i>ur</i> self auau<i>n</i>ce!</p> +</div> + +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="bab_note_1" id="bab_note_1" href="#bab_tag_1">1.</a> +<i>helde</i>, pour out; A.S. <i>hyldan</i>, to incline, bend.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection lerne"> + +<a name="page258a" id="page258a"> </a> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="lerne" id="lerne"> +<img src="images/page258header.png" width="175" height="22" +alt="Lerne or be Lewde." title="Lerne or be Lewde."> +</a></p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 90 <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t be too loving or angry,</span> + +<p>To Amerous, to Au<i>n</i>terous, ne Angre the nat to muche;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +bold or busy,</span> + +<p>To Bolde, ne to Besy, ne Bourde nat to large;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +courteous or cruel or cowardly, and don’t drink too often,</span> + +<p>To Curteys, to Cruell<i>e</i>, ne Care nat to sore;</p> +<span class="linenum"> +<a name="lerne_line_4" id="lerne_line_4">4</a></span> +<p>To Dulle, ne to Dredefull<i>e</i>, ne Drynke nat to offte;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or be too lofty or anxious,</span> +<p>To Elenge, to Excellent, ne to Carefulle neythur;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but friendly of cheer.</span> +<p>To Fers, ne to Famuler, but Frendely of Chere;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Hate jealousy,</span> +<p>To gladde, ne to Glorious, and Gelousy thow hate;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +be not too hasty or daring;</span> + +<span class="linenum"> +<a name="lerne_line_8" id="lerne_line_8">8</a></span> +<p>To Hasty, to Hardy, ne to Hevy in thyn Herte;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +joke not too oft;</span> + +<p>To Iettyng, ne to Iangelyng, and Iape nat to ofte;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +ware knaves’ tricks.</span> + +<p>To Kynde, ne to Kepyng, and warr<i>e</i> Knavis tacches;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t be too grudging or too liberal,</span> + +<p>To Loth<i>e</i>, ne to Lovyng, ne to Lyberall<i>e</i> of goode;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +too meddling,</span> + +<span class="linenum"> +<a name="lerne_line_12" id="lerne_line_12">12</a></span> +<p>To Medlous, to Mury, but as goode Maner askith<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +too particular, new-fangled, or too daring.</span> + +<p>To noyous, ne to Nyce, ne to Newfangyll<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Hate oaths</span> + +<p>To Orped, to Overtwert, and Othes, s<i>ir</i>, thow hate;</p> +<span class="pagenum">259</span> +<a name="page259" id="page259"> </a> +<!-- png 381 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and flattery.</span> + +<p>To Preysyng, to Preve with<i>e</i> Prynces and Dukes;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Please well thy master.</span> + +<span class="linenum"> +<a name="lerne_line_16" id="lerne_line_16">16</a></span> +<p>To Queynt, to Querelous, and Queme well<i>e</i> thy maistre;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t be too rackety,</span> + +<p>To Riotous, to Revelyng, ne Rage nat to muche;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or go out too much.</span> + +<p>To Strau<i>n</i>ge, ne to Steryng, ne Stare nat abroode;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t be</span> + +<p>To Toyllous, to Talevys, for Temp<i>er</i>au<i>n</i>ce it +hatith<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +too revengeful</span> + +<span class="linenum"> +<a name="lerne_line_20" id="lerne_line_20">20</a></span> +<p>To Vengable, to Envious, and waste nat to muche;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or wrathful, and wade not too deep.</span> + +<p>To Wylde, to Wrathefull<i>e</i>, and Wade nat to depe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The middle path is the best for us all.</span> + +<p>A Mesurable Mene way ys beste for vs alle;</p> +</div> + +<p class="center"> +¶ Yitte. Lerne. or. Be. Lewde.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p>[A Dietary given ‘vnto Kyng Herry v<sup>te</sup>’ ‘by Sigismounde, +Emp<i>er</i>our of Rome,’ follows, leaf 91. The colophon (leaf 98, back) +is ‘¶ Thus endith<i>e</i> this Dyetarye Compyled And made by Plato +and Petrus Lucratus, Grete Philosophers and Astronomers.’]</p> + +<p><i>A complete copy of the A B C Alliterative Poem of which the +foregoing <span class="smallroman">LERNE OR BE LEWDE</span> is a +fragment, occurs in the Lambeth MS. 853, and is therefore added +here.</i></p> +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">260</span> +<a name="page260" id="page260"> </a> +<!-- png 382 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="abc" id="abc"> +<img src="images/page260header.png" width="264" height="33" +alt="The A B C of Aristotle." title="The A B C of Aristotle."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>Lambeth</i> MS. 853, <i>ab. 1430 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, page 30, written without breaks.</i>]</p> + +<div class="mynote"> +<p>Alternative readings are incorporated from the <a href="#coll_abc">Collations and Corrigenda</a> section:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>The A B C of Aristotle</i>, Harl. MS. 1706, fol. 94, collated by Mr +Brock, omits the prologue, and begins after l. 14 with, “Here +be-gynneth<i>e</i> Arystoles A B C. made be mayster Benett.”</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse full"> + +<p><span class="largecap">W</span>ho-so wilneþ to be wijs, & +worschip desiriþ,</p> +<p>Lerne he oo lettir, & looke on anothir</p> +<p>Of þe .a. b. c. of aristotil: argue not aȝen þat:</p> +<span class="linenum">4</span> +<p>It is cou<i>n</i>cel for riȝt manye clerkis & knyȝtis a +þousand,</p> +<p>And eek it myȝte ameende a man ful ofte</p> +<p>For to leerne lore of oo lettir, & his lijf saue;</p> +<p>For to myche of ony þing was neu<i>er</i>e holsum.</p> +<span class="linenum">8</span> +<p>Reede ofte on þis rolle, & rewle þ<i>o</i>u þer aftir;</p> +<p>Who-so be greued in his goost, gou<i>er</i>ne hi<i>m</i> bettir;</p> +<p>Blame he not þe barn þat þis .a. b. c. made,</p> +<p>But wite he his wickid will & his werk aftir;</p> +<span class="linenum">12</span> +<p>It schal neu<i>er</i>e greue a good man þouȝ þe gilti be meendid.</p> +<p>Now herkeneþ & heeriþ how y bigy<i>n</i>ne.</p> + +</div> + +<table class="alphabet" summary="alphabetized text"> +<tr> +<td><a name="abc_a" id="abc_a"><span class="midcap">A</span></a></td> +<td><p>to amerose, to au<i>n</i>terose, ne argue not to myche.</p></td> +<td class="textnote"><p> +<i>argue not</i>] Angre the</p></td> +<td class="sidenote page">[Page 31.]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">B</span></td> +<td><p>to bolde, ne to bisi, ne boorde not to large.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>omit</i> ne</p> +<p><i>not to large</i>] thou nat to brode</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">C</span></td> +<td><p>to curteis, to cruel, ne care not to sore.</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><a name="abc_d" id="abc_d"><span class="midcap">D</span></a></td> +<td><p>to dul, ne to dreedful, ne drinke not to ofte.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>omit</i> ne</p> +<p><i>not</i>] thow nat</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">E</span></td> +<td><p>to elenge, ne to excellent, ne to eernesful +neiþ<i>er</i>.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>omit</i> ne</p> +<p><i>to eernesful</i>] ne curyons</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">F</span></td> +<td><p>to fers, ne to famuler, but freendli of cheere.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>fers, famuler, freendli</i>] Ferde, familier, frenfull<i>e</i></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">G</span></td> +<td><p>to glad, ne to gloriose, & gelosie þou hate.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>omit</i> to</p> +<p><i>& gelosie þou hate</i>] Ne to galaunt never</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> + +<span class="pagenum">261</span> +<a name="page261" id="page261"> </a> +<!-- png 383 --> + +<a name="abc_h" id="abc_h"><span class="midcap">H</span></a></td> +<td><p>to hasti, ne to hardi, ne to heuy in þine herte.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>in þine</i>] off</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">I</span></td> +<td><p>to iettynge, ne to iangelinge, ne iape not to ofte.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>iettynge</i>] Iocunde</p> +<p><i>iape not to</i>] Ioye thow nat</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">K</span></td> +<td><p>to kinde, ne to kepynge, & be waar of knaue tacchis.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>omit</i> to <i>and</i> &</p> +<p><i>knaue</i>] knaves</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">L</span></td> +<td><p>to looth for to leene, ne to liberal of goodis.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>for to leene</i>] ne to lovyng</p> +<p><i>goodis</i>] woordys</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><a name="abc_m" id="abc_m"><span class="midcap">M</span></a></td> +<td><p>to medelus, ne to myrie, but as mesure wole it meeue.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>medelus</i>] Mellous</p> +<p><i>but as mesure wole it meeue</i>] ne to besynesse vnleffull<i>e</i> +</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">N</span></td> +<td><p>to noiose, ne to nyce, ne use no new iettis.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>ne use no new iettis</i>] ne nought<i>e</i> to neffangle</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">O</span></td> +<td><p>to orped, ne to ou<i>er</i>þwart, & ooþis þou hate.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>ouerþwart</i>] ouertwarth<i>e</i></p> +<p><i>& ooþis þou hate</i>] Ne othez to haunte </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">P</span></td> +<td><p>to pr<i>e</i>sing, ne to p<i>re</i>uy w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +p<i>ri</i>ncis ne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> dukis;</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><a name="abc_q" id="abc_q"><span class="midcap">Q</span></a></td> +<td><p>to queynte, ne *to quarelose, but queeme weel ȝoure +souereyns.</p></td> +<td class="textnote"><p> +<i>quarelose</i>] querelous</p> +<p><i>weel ȝoure souereyns</i>] men all<i>e</i> abowte</p></td> +<td class="sidenote page">[* Page 32.]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">R</span></td> +<td><p>to riotus, to reueling, ne rage not to rudeli.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>omit the second</i> to</p> +<p><i>not to rudeli</i>] thou nat but lyte </p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">S</span></td> +<td><p>to strau<i>n</i>ge, ne to stirynge, ne strau<i>n</i>geli to +stare.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>ne straungeli to stare</i>] Ne starte nat abowte</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">T</span></td> +<td><p>to toilose, ne to talewijs, for temperau<i>n</i>ce is +beest.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>for temperaunce is best</i>] But temp<i>er</i>ate euer<i>e</i></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><a name="abc_v" id="abc_v"><span class="midcap">V</span></a></td> +<td><p>to venemose, ne to ve<i>n</i>iable, & voide al +vilonye.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>ne ...</i>] ne violent Ne waste nat to moche</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><span class="midcap">W</span></td> +<td><p>to wielde, ne to wraþful, neiþ<i>er</i> waaste, ne waade not to +depe,</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>neiþer &c.</i>] Ne to wyse deme the</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td><p>¶ For a mesurable meene is eu<i>er</i>e þe beste of +alle.</p></td> +<td class="textnote" colspan="2"> +<p><i>is euere þe beste of</i>] ys best for vs</p> +<p><b>X Y Z</b> x y wych<i>e</i> esed & p<i>er</i> se.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="subhead"> +[“Whi is þis world biloued” follows.]</p> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><i>See two other copies of this</i> A B C <i>in Harl. MS.</i> 541, +fol. 213 and 228.</p> + +<p>The copy on fol. 213 has the exordium as prose, thus: Who so +wyll<i>e</i> be wyse, and worspyp<i>pe</i> to wynne, leerñ he on lettur, +and loke vpon an other of the .A. B. C. of Arystotle; nooñ +Argument agaynst that. ffor it is counsell<i>e</i> for clerk<i>is</i> +and knyght<i>is</i> a thowsand<i>e</i>. And also it myght<i>e</i> +amend<i>e</i> a meane man, fulle oft the lernyng of A lettur, and his +lyf save. It shal not greve a good man though gylt be amend<i>e</i>. +rede on this ragment / and rule the theraft<i>e</i>r. The copy on fol. +228 has no Introduction.</p> +</div> + +<p class="center"> +Tytell<i>e</i> Tytell<i>e</i> Tytell<i>e</i> thañ Esta Amen.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">262</span> +<a name="page262" id="page262"> </a> +<!-- png 384 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="urban" id="urban"> +<img src="images/page262header.png" width="108" height="25" +alt="Urbanitatis." title="Urbanitatis."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>MS. Cott. Calig. A.</i> <span class="smallroman">II.</span>, +<i>ab.</i> 1460 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, <i>fol.</i> 88, +<i>col.</i> 2.]</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Who-so wyll<i>e</i> of nurtur lere,</p> +<p>Herken to me & ȝe shall<i>e</i> here.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When you come before a lord</span> + +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u comeste be-fore a lorde</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_4" id="urban_line_4">4</a></span> +<p>In halle, yn bowre, or at þe borde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +take off your cap or hood,</span> + +<p>Hoode or kappe þ<i>o</i>u of þo.</p> +<p>Ere þ<i>o</i>u come hym all<i>e</i> vn-to,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and fall on your right knee twice or thrice.</span> + +<p>Twyse or þryse w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute<i>n</i> dowte</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_8" id="urban_line_8">8</a></span> +<p>To þ<i>a</i>t lorde þ<i>o</i>u moste lowte,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þy Ryȝth kne lette h<i>i</i>t be do,</p> +<p>Thy worshyp þ<i>o</i>u mayst saue so.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your cap off till you’re told to put it on;</span> + +<p>Holde of þy cappe & þy hood also</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_12" id="urban_line_12">12</a></span> +<p>Tyll<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u be byden h<i>i</i>t on to do;</p> +<p>All<i>e</i> þe whyle þ<i>o</i>u spekest w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +hold up your chin;</span> + +<p>Fayr & louely holde vp þy chyn<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>So aft<i>ur</i> þe nurtur of þe book</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +look in the lord’s face;</span> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_16" id="urban_line_16">16</a></span> +<p>In h<i>i</i>s face louely þ<i>o</i>u loke;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +keep hand and foot still;</span> + +<p>Foot & hond þ<i>o</i>u kepe full<i>e</i> stylle</p> +<p>Fro clawyng or tryppy<i>n</i>g, h<i>i</i>t ys skylle;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t spit or snot;</span> + +<p>Fro spettyng & snetyng kepe þe also;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +get rid of it quietly;</span> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_20" id="urban_line_20">20</a></span> +<p>Be p<i>ri</i>uy of voydance, & lette h<i>i</i>t go.</p> +<p>And loke þ<i>o</i>u be wyse & fell<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +behave well.</span> + +<p>And þ<i>er</i>to also þ<i>a</i>t þow gouerne þe well<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When you go into the hall,</span> + +<p>In-to þe halle when þ<i>o</i>u dost wende</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_24" id="urban_line_24">24</a></span> +<p>Amonge þe genteles gode & hende,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t press up too high.</span> + +<p>Prece þ<i>o</i>u not vp to hyȝ for no þy<i>n</i>g,</p> +<p>Nor for þy hyȝ blood, ner<i>e</i> for þy ko<i>n</i>ny<i>n</i>g,</p> +<p>Noþ<i>ur</i> to sytte, neþ<i>ur</i> to lene,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_28" id="urban_line_28">28</a></span> +<p>For h<i>i</i>t ys neyþ<i>ur</i> good ne clene.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">263</span> +<a name="page263" id="page263"> </a> +<!-- png 385 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t be shamefaced.</span> + +<p>Lette not þy co<i>n</i>tynaunce also abate,</p> +<p>For good nurt<i>ur</i> wyll<i>e</i> saue þy state;</p> +<p>Fadyr & modyr, what eu<i>ur</i> þey be,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_32" id="urban_line_32">32</a></span> +<p>Well<i>e</i> ys þe chylde þ<i>a</i>t may the:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Wherever you go, good manners make the man.</span> + +<p>In halle, in chambur, or<i>e</i> wher<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u gon,</p> +<p>Nurtur & good maners makeþ man.</p> +<p>To þe nexte degre loke þ<i>o</i>u wysely</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Reverence your betters,</span> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_36" id="urban_line_36">36</a></span> +<p>To do hem Reu<i>er</i>ence by and by:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but treat all equally whom you don’t know.</span> + +<p>Do hem no Reu<i>er</i>ens, but sette all<i>e</i> i<i>n</i> Rowe</p> +<p>But ȝyf þ<i>o</i>u þe bett<i>ur</i> do hym knowe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 86, back, col. 1.]</span> + +<p>To þe mete when þ<i>o</i>u art sette,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_40" id="urban_line_40">40</a></span> +<p>Fayre & honestly thow ete hyt:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +See that your hands are clean, and your knife sharp.</span> + +<p>Fyrste loke þ<i>a</i>t þy handes be clene,</p> +<p>And þ<i>a</i>t þy knyf be sharpe & kene;</p> +<p>And cutte þy breed & all<i>e</i> þy mete</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_44" id="urban_line_44">44</a></span> +<p>Ryȝth euen as þ<i>o</i>u doste h<i>i</i>t ete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Let worthier men help themselves before you eat.</span> + +<p>If þ<i>o</i>u sytte be a worthyor man</p> +<p>Then þy self thow art on,</p> +<p>Suffre hym fyrste to towche þe mete</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_48" id="urban_line_48">48</a></span> +<p>Er<i>e</i> þy self any þ<i>er</i>-of gete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t clutch at the best bit.</span> + +<p>To þe beste morsell<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u may not stryke</p> +<p>Thowȝ þ<i>o</i>u neu<i>ur</i> so well<i>e</i> h<i>i</i>t lyke.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your hands from dirtying the cloth, and don’t wipe your nose on +it,</span> + +<p>Also kepe þy hondys fayr<i>e</i> & well<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_52" id="urban_line_52">52</a></span> +<p>Fro fylynge of the towell<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Ther-on þ<i>o</i>u shalt not þy nose wype;</p> +<p>Noþ<i>ur</i> at þy mete þy toth þ<i>o</i>u pyke;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or dip too deep in your cup.</span> + +<p>To depe i<i>n</i> þy cuppe þ<i>o</i>u may not synke</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_56" id="urban_line_56">56</a></span> +<p>Thowȝ þ<i>o</i>u haue good wyll<i>e</i> to drynke,</p> +<p>Leste þy eyen water þer<i>e</i> by,</p> +<p>Then ys hyt no curtesy.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Have no meat in your mouth when you drink or speak; and stop talking +when your neighbour is drinking.</span> + +<p>Loke yn þy mowth be no mete</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_60" id="urban_line_60">60</a></span> +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u begy<i>n</i>neste to dry<i>n</i>ke or speke;</p> +<p>Also when þ<i>o</i>u sest any man drynkyng</p> +<p>That taketh hede of þy karpyng,</p> +<p>Soone a-non þ<i>o</i>u sece þy tale,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_64" id="urban_line_64">64</a></span> +<p>Wheþ<i>ur</i> he drynke wyne or Ale.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">264</span> +<a name="page264" id="page264"> </a> +<!-- png 386 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Scorn and</span> + +<p>Loke also þ<i>o</i>u skorne no mon</p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þe[gre]</i>] Marg. has <i>gre</i> for insertion.</span> + +<p>In what þe<span class="texttag">[gre]</span> þ<i>o</i>u se hym +gon;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +reprove no man.</span> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Repreue</i>] <i>repraue</i> is written above the line.</span> + +<p>Nor þ<i>o</i>u shalte no mon <span class="texttag">Repreue</span></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_68" id="urban_line_68">68</a></span> +<p>Ȝyf þ<i>o</i>u wylt þy owen worshyp saue,</p> +<p>For suche wordys þ<i>o</i>u myȝth out kaste</p> +<p>Sholde make þe to lyue i<i>n</i> euell<i>e</i> reste;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your fingers from what would bring you to grief.</span> + +<p>Close þyn honde yn þy feste,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_72" id="urban_line_72">72</a></span> +<p>And kepe þe well<i>e</i> from hadde-y-wyste.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 86, back, col. 2.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Among ladies, look, don’t talk.</span> + +<p>In chamb<i>ur</i> among ladyes bryȝth,</p> +<p>Kepe þy tonge & spende þy syȝth;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t laugh loud, or riot with ribalds.</span> + +<p>Lawȝe þ<i>o</i>u not w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no grette cry,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_76" id="urban_line_76">76</a></span> +<p>Ne Rage þ<i>o</i>u not w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> Rybawdry.</p> +<p>Pley þ<i>o</i>u not but w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þy peres;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t repeat what you hear.</span> + +<p>Ne telle þ<i>o</i>u not þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u heres,</p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>not</i>] <i>not</i> put in by a later hand.</span> + +<p>Nor dyskeuer<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u <span class="texttag">not</span> +þyn owen dede</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_80" id="urban_line_80">80</a></span> +<p>For no myrth nor for no mede;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Words make or mar you.</span> + +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> fayr speche þ<i>o</i>u may haue þy +wyll<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>And w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þy speche þ<i>o</i>u may þe spyll<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If you follow a worthier man,</span> + +<p>Ȝyf þ<i>o</i>u suwe a wordyer mon</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_84" id="urban_line_84">84</a></span> +<p>Then þy self þ<i>o</i>u art on,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +let your right shoulder follow his back, and</span> + +<p>Lette þy Ryȝth shold<i>ur</i> folow h<i>i</i>s bakke,</p> +<p>For nurt<i>ur</i> þ<i>a</i>t ys, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owten lakke.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t speak till he has done.</span> + +<p>When he doth speke, holde þe style;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_88" id="urban_line_88">88</a></span> +<p>When he hath don, say þy wyll<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be austere (?) in speech;</span> + +<p>Loke yn þy speche þ<i>o</i>u be fell<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>And what þou sayste a-vyse þe well<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t stop any man’s tale.</span> + +<p>And be-refe þ<i>o</i>u no mon h<i>i</i>s tale,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_92" id="urban_line_92">92</a></span> +<p>Noþ<i>ur</i> at wyne ner<i>e</i> at Ale.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Christ gives us all wit to know this,</span> + +<p>Now, c<i>ri</i>ste of h<i>i</i>s grette g<i>ra</i>ce</p> +<p>Ȝeue vs all<i>e</i> both<i>e</i> wytte & space</p> +<p>Well<i>e</i> þ<i>i</i>s to knowe & Rede,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and heaven as our reward. Amen!</span> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="urban_line_96" id="urban_line_96">96</a></span> +<p>And heuen to haue for o<i>ur</i> mede!</p> +<p>Amen, Amen, so moot h<i>i</i>t be,</p> +<p>So saye we all<i>e</i> for charyte!</p> +</div> + +<p class="center smallcaps">Explicit T<i>ra</i>ctus Vrbanitatis.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">264*</span> +<a name="page264a" id="page264a"> </a> +<!-- png 387 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="boris" id="boris"> +<img src="images/page264header.png" width="209" height="32" +alt="The Boris hede furst." title="The Boris hede furst."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>Porkington MS. No.</i> 10, <i>fol.</i> 202; <i>? ab.</i> 1460-70 +<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>]</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<p>Hey, hey, hey, hey, þe borrys hede is armyd gay!<a class="tag" name="boris_tag_1" id="boris_tag_1" href="#boris_note_1">2</a></p> +<p>The boris hede i<i>n</i> hond I bryng</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>tt garlond gay in porttoryng.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 202 <i>b.</i>]</span> + +<p>I pray yow all w<i>i</i>tt me to synge</p> +<p class="in8">W<i>i</i>tt hay. </p> +<!-- line padding for mozilla --> + +<p class="pilcrow plus stanza"> +¶¶ Lordys, knyȝtt<i>is</i>, and skyers,</p> +<p>Persons, prystis and wycars,</p> +<p>The boris hede ys þe fur[s]t mes,</p> +<p class="in8">W<i>i</i>tt hay. </p> + +<p class="pilcrow plus stanza"> +¶¶ The boris hede, as I yow say,</p> +<p>He takis his leyfe, & gothe his way</p> +<p>Soñ aft<i>ur</i> þe xij theylffyt day,</p> +<p class="in8">W<i>i</i>tt hay. </p> + +<p class="pilcrow plus stanza"> +¶¶ The<i>n</i> co<i>m</i>mys i<i>n</i> þe secund kowrs w<i>i</i>th +mekyll pryde,</p> +<p>þe crann<i>is</i> & þe heyrrou<i>n</i>s, þe bytt<i>ur</i>is by þe +syde,</p> +<p>þe p<i>ar</i>trychys & þe plowers, þe wodcok<i>is</i> & þe +snyt,</p> +<p class="in8">W<i>i</i>tt hay. </p> + +<p class="pilcrow plus stanza"> +¶¶ Larkys i<i>n</i> hoot schow,<a class="tag" name="boris_tag_2" id="boris_tag_2" href="#boris_note_2">3</a> ladys for to pyk,</p> +<p>Good drynk þ<i>er</i>to, lycyvs and fyñ,</p> +<p>Blwet of allmayñ,<a class="tag" name="boris_tag_3" id="boris_tag_3" href="#boris_note_3">4</a> ro<i>m</i>nay and wyin,</p> +<p class="in8">W<i>i</i>tt hay. </p> + +<p class="pilcrow plus stanza"> +¶¶ Gud<a class="tag" name="boris_tag_4" id="boris_tag_4" href="#boris_note_4">5</a> bred, alle & wyin, da<i>er</i> I well say,</p> +<p>þ<sup>e</sup> boris hede w<i>i</i>tt musterd armyd soo gay,</p> + +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +¶¶ furm̅a<i>n</i>te to po<sup>t</sup>dtage,<a class="tag" name="boris_tag_5" id="boris_tag_5" href="#boris_note_5">6</a> +w<i>i</i>tt we<i>n</i>nissu<i>n</i> fyñ,</p> +<p>& þ<sup>e</sup> ho<i>m</i>buls of þe dow, & all þ<i>a</i>t +eu<i>er</i> co<i>m</i>mis in,</p> + +<p class="pilcrow plus"> +¶¶ Cappons I-bake w<i>i</i>tt þ<sup>e</sup> pesys of þ<sup>e</sup> +roow,</p> +<p>Reysons of corrans, w<i>i</i>tt odyr<i>e</i> spysis moo,</p> +</div> + +<p class="center">[<i>incomplete.</i>]</p> + +<p><a name="boris_note_1" id="boris_note_1" href="#boris_tag_1">2.</a> +“When you print I recommend that the first line of the MS. ‘Hey, hey,’ +&c. should stand alone in two lines. They are the burthen of the +song, and were a sort of accompaniment, or under-song, sung throughout, +while an upper voice sang the words and tune. You will see numbers of +the same kind in Wright’s Songs and Carols printed by the Percy Society. +It was common in the 14th and 15th centuries.” —<span class="smallcaps">Wm. Chappell.</span></p> + +<p>This Carol is printed in <i>Reliq. Antiq.</i>, vol. ii., and is +inserted here—copied from and read with the MS.—to fill up a +blank page. The title is mine.</p> + +<p><a name="boris_note_2" id="boris_note_2" href="#boris_tag_2">3.</a> +? sewe, stew.</p> + +<p><a name="boris_note_3" id="boris_note_3" href="#boris_tag_3">4.</a> +? the name of a wyne. Recipes for the dish <i>Brouet of Almayne</i> +(H. O.), <i>Brewet of Almony</i>, <i>Breuet de Almonde</i>, are in +Household Ordinances, p. 456; Forme of Cury, p. 29, and Liber +Cure Cocorum, p. 12.</p> + +<p><a name="boris_note_4" id="boris_note_4" href="#boris_tag_4">5.</a> +? MS. End.</p> + +<p><a name="boris_note_5" id="boris_note_5" href="#boris_tag_5">6.</a> +Recipe for <i>Potage de Frumenty</i> in Household Ordinances, +p. 425. +<span class="notation"> +<i>po<sup>t</sup>dtage</i>: small “t” printed above “o”</span></p> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">265</span> +<a name="page265" id="page265"> </a> +<!-- png 388 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="children_left" id="children_left"> +<img src="images/page265header.png" width="341" height="65" +alt="The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil Boke or Edyllys be." +title="The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil Boke or Edyllys be."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>Harl. MS. </i>541<i>, fol. </i>210<i>; and Egerton MS. </i>1995<i>; +ab. </i>1480 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>]</p> + +<div class="mynote"> +<p>The following two selections, <i>The Lytylle Childrenes Lytil Boke or +Edyllys be</i> and <i>The Young Children’s Book</i>, were printed on +facing even/odd pages. They are here presented separately.</p> + +<p>In the first version, variant readings from the Egerton MS were +printed as numbered footnotes. They are here grouped into text notes +together with two sets of readings from the Collations section. All MS +designations were added by the transcriber:</p> + +<p><b>Eg.</b>: Egerton MS. 1995 (<i>above</i>).</p> + +<p><a class="external" href="#coll_lyt_adv"><b>Adv.</b></a>: “part of the Advocates +Library MS., fol. 84, back”. <i>The collation of this MS ends at line +34.</i></p> + +<p><a class="external" href="#coll_lyt_cam"><b>Cam.</b></a>: “the Cambridge University MS. +... <i>Hem</i> is always written for <i>him</i> in this MS., and so with +other words.”</p> + +<p>“ <a name="lyt_note_a" id="lyt_note_a" href="#lyt_tag_a">* +</a><a href="#lyt_tag_b">† </a>The parts between square brackets +[ ] are from the Egerton MS.”</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Lytyll<i>e</i> children<i>e</i>, here ye may lere</p> +<p>Moche curtesy þ<i>a</i>t is wrytyn<i>e</i> here;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Clerks say that</span> +<p>For clerk<i>is</i> that the vij arteȝ cunne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +courtesy came from heaven when Gabriel greeted our Lady.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_4" id="lyt_line_4">4</a></span> +<p>Seyn þ<i>a</i>t curtesy from hevyn come</p> + +<p>Whan Gabryell<i>e</i> oure lady grette,</p> +<p>And Eliȝabeth with mary mette.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>childreñ</i>] Adv. childur +<i>þat</i>] Adv. <i>dele</i> +<i>wrytyne</i>] Cam. brekeyd +<i>For</i>] Adv. <i>dele</i> +<i>Seyn</i>] Eg. Synne +<i>Elizabeth</i>] Cam. cortesey +<i>with mary</i>] Adv. oure Lady</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +All virtues are included in it.</span> +<p>All<i>e</i> vertues arn<i>e</i> closid<i>e</i> yn curtesye,</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_8" id="lyt_line_8">8</a></span> +<p>And all<i>e</i> vices yn vylonye.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +See that your hands and nails are clean.</span> +<p>Loke þyne hond<i>is</i> be wasshe clene,</p> +<p>That no fylth<i>e</i> on thy nayles be sene.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t eat till grace is said,</span> +<p>Take þ<i>o</i>u no mete tyll<i>e</i> grace be seyd<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_12" id="lyt_line_12">12</a></span> +<p>And tyll<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u see all<i>e</i> thyng arayed<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>arn</i>e<i> closid</i>e] Eg. ben closyde +<i>ar</i>e] Adv. byn +<i>closide</i>] Cam. clodyd +<i>Loke</i>] Adv. Forst loke +<i>þyne hond</i>is<i> be</i>] Eg. that thy hondys benne +<i>wasshe</i>] Adv. wasshyd +<i>on</i>] Eg. in +<i>on</i>] Cam. yn +<i>þou</i> (l. 11, 12)] Cam. ye +<i>grace</i>] Eg. the fyrste gracys +<i>tylle</i>] Adv. to</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or sit down till you’re told.</span> + +<p>Loke, my son, þ<i>a</i>t thow not sytte</p> +<p>Tyll<i>e</i> þe ruler of þe hous the bydde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +First, think on the poor; the full belly wots not what the hungry +feels.</span> +<p>And at thy mete, yn þ<i>e</i> begynnyng,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_16" id="lyt_line_16">16</a></span> +<p>Loke on pore men that thow thynk,</p> + +<p>For the full<i>e</i> wombe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out[<a class="tag" +name="lyt_tag_a" id="lyt_tag_a" href="#lyt_note_a">*</a> any +faylys]</p> +<p>Wot full<i>e</i> lytyl[ what the hungery aylys.]</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>Loke</i>] Adv. And loke +<i>Tyll<i>e</i> ... the bydde</i>] Adv. To he y<sup>t</sup> reweleth +y<sup>e</sup> howse y<sup>e</sup> bytt +<i>þe hous the bydde</i>] Eg. the halle the bytte +<i>hous the bydde</i>] Cam. hall þe beyt +<i>And at thy</i>] Eg. Atte the +<i>þe</i>] Cam. they +<i>Loke on pore men that</i>] Adv. Loke that on pore men +<i>on</i>] Eg. a-pon (and omits <i>that</i>) +<i>on</i>] Cam. no +<i>without any faylys</i>] Adv. withowtte fayle +<i>any faylys</i>] Cam. fayle +<i>hungery aylys</i>] Adv. empty ayle +<i>aylys</i>] Cam. heydyt</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t eat too quickly.</span> +<p>Ete[ not thy mete to hastely,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_20" id="lyt_line_20">20</a></span> +<p>A-byde and ete esely.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">267</span> +<a name="page267" id="page267"> </a> +<!-- png 390 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Touch nothing till you are fully helped.</span> +<p>Tylle þ<i>o</i>u haue thy fulle seruyse,</p> +<p>Touche noo messe in noo wyse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t break your bread in two,</span> +<p>Kerue not thy brede to thynne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_24" id="lyt_line_24">24</a></span> +<p>Ne breke hit not on twynne:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or put your pieces in your pocket,</span> +<p>The mosselle that þ<i>o</i>u begynnysse to touche,</p> +<p>Cast them not in thy pouche.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>Ete ... hastely</i>] Cam. yet ... hastey +<i>Abyde</i>] Cam. Bot abyde +<i>esely</i>] Cam. all yesley +<i>ete esely</i>] Adv. etett eysely +<i>Kerue not thy brede</i>] Cam. Kot they bred not +<i>Ne breke ... twynne</i>] Cam. Ne to theke bat be-tweyn +<i>mosselle</i>] Adv. morsselle; Cam. mossels +<i>begynnysse to</i>] Cam. dost +<i>in</i>] Adv. owt of; Cam. owt of</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +your fingers in the dish,</span> +<p>Put not thy fyngerys on thy dysche,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_28" id="lyt_line_28">28</a></span> +<p>Nothyr in flesche, nothyr in fysche.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or your meat in the salt-cellar.</span> +<p>Put not thy mete in-to the salte,</p> +<p>In-to thy Seler that thy salte halte,]</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 210, back.]</span> +<p>But ley it fayr<i>e</i> on þi trencher<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_32" id="lyt_line_32">32</a></span> +<p>The byfore, and þat is þyn<i>e</i> honor<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>Nothyr in flesche ... thy salte halte</i> (ll. 28-30)]</p> +<p class="textnote verse"> +Cam. Ne yn they met, feys, ne fleys.<br> +Put not thy mete yn þey salt seleyr</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>Into thy</i>] Adv. nor in the +<i>thy salte</i>] Adv. hit +<i>ley it fayr</i>e] Eg. ley it +<i>on þi</i>] Adv. on a +<i>on</i>] Cam. yn +<i>The byfore</i>] Eg. To-fore the; Adv. Byfore the +<i>þyn</i>e] Adv. <i>dele</i> þyne +<i>The byfore ... honor</i>e] Cam. Be-fore the, that ys worschep</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t pick your ears or nose,</span> +<p>Pyke not þyn<i>e</i> Eris ne thy nost<i>re</i>ll<i>is</i>;</p> +<p>If þ<i>o</i>u do, men woll<i>e</i> sey þ<i>o</i>u come of +cherl<i>is</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or drink with your mouth full,</span> +<p>And whyll<i>e</i> þi mete yn þi mouth is,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_36" id="lyt_line_36">36</a></span> +<p>Drynk þow not; for-gete not this.</p> +<p>Ete þi mete by small<i>e</i> mosselles;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or cram it full.</span> +<p>Fylle not thy mouth as done brothell<i>is</i>.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>Pyke not ... come of cherl</i>is] Adv.<br> +Pyke not y<sup>i</sup> tethe wyth y<sup>i</sup> knyfe<br> +Whyles y<sup>u</sup> etyst be y<sup>i</sup> lyfe +<i>ne</i>] Cam. nother +<i>If</i>] Eg. And; Cam. And +<i>come</i>] Cam. comest +<i>come of cherl</i>is] Eg. comyste of karlys +<i>And</i>] Eg. But; Cam. Seche +<i>yn þi mouth is</i>] Cam. is yn þi mouth +<i>Ete þi mete by</i>] Cam. Kot ... yn +<i>done</i>] Eg. dothe; Cam. <i>omit</i> +<i>Fylle</i>] Cam. And fylle</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t pick your teeth with your knife.</span> +<p>Pyke not þi teth<i>e</i> with thy knyfe;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_40" id="lyt_line_40">40</a></span> +<p>In no company begynne þow stryfe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Take your spoon out when you’ve finished soup.</span> +<p>And whan þ<i>o</i>u hast þi potage doon<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Out of thy dyssh þow put thi spone.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t spit over or on the table, that’s not proper.</span> +<p>Ne spitte þow not over the tabyll<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_44" id="lyt_line_44">44</a></span> +<p>Ne therupon, for that is no þing abyll<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>In no ... stryfe</i>] Eg. Whyle þ<i>o</i>u ettyste by thy lyffe; Cam. +Weyles thou hetys, bey they leyffe +<i>doon</i>e] Eg. Idone +<i>þow put</i>] Cam. take owt +<i>Ne</i>] Cam. Nether +<i>Ne spitte þow not</i>] Eg. Spette not +<i>the</i>] Eg. thy +<i>Ne therupon ... abyll</i>e] Eg. Nor a-pon hyt, for hyt ys not able; +Cam. For no cortesey het ys not habell</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t put your elbows on the table,</span> +<p>Ley not þyn<i>e</i> Elbowe nor thy fyst</p> +<p>Vpon the tabyll<i>e</i> whyl<i>is</i> þ<i>a</i>t thow etist.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or belch as if you had a bean in your throat.</span> +<p>Bulk not as a Been<i>e</i> were yn þi throte,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_48" id="lyt_line_48">48</a></span> +<p>[As a ka]rle þ<i>a</i>t comys oute of a cote.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be careful of good food;</span> +<p>[<a class="tag" name="lyt_tag_b" id="lyt_tag_b" href="#lyt_note_a">†</a>And thy mete be o]f grete pryce,</p> +<p>[Be ware of hyt, or þ<i>o</i>u arte n]ot wyse.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>nor</i>] Eg. nothyr +<i>Elbowe ... fyst</i>] Cam. Elbowhes ... fystys +<i>whyl</i>is<i> þ</i>a<i>t thow etist</i>] Eg. whyle þ<i>o</i>u este + +<i>whylis þat</i>] Cam. wheyle +<i>Bulk not as a Been</i>e<i> were yn þi throte</i>] Cam. Bolk not as a +bolle yn the crofte +<i>karle þat</i>] Cam. charle +<i>cote</i>] Cam. cotte +<i>of hyt or þou art</i>] Cam. the or ye be</p> + +<p>[Speke noo worde stylle ne sterke;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">269</span> +<a name="page269" id="page269"> </a> +<!-- png 392 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and be courteous and cheerful.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_52" id="lyt_line_52">52</a></span> +<p>And honowre and curtesy loke þ<i>o</i>u kepe,</p> +<p>And at the tabylle loke þ<i>o</i>u make goode chere;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t whisper in any man’s ear. Take your food with your fingers, and +don’t waste it. Don’t grin, or talk too much,</span> +<p>Loke þ<i>o</i>u rownde not in nomannys ere.</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thy fyngerys þ<i>o</i>u towche and taste</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_56" id="lyt_line_56">56</a></span> +<p>Thy mete; And loke þ<i>o</i>u doo noo waste.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>sterke</i>] Cam. lowde +<i>And honowre and curtesy loke þ<i>o</i>u kepe</i>] Cam. all of curtesy +loke ye carpe +<i>at</i>] Cam. all +<i>loke þou</i>] Cam. <i>omit</i> +<i>Loke þou rownde not</i>] Cam. And loke ye +<i>thy fyngerys</i>] Cam. <i>omit</i> thy +<i>and</i>] Cam. ne +<i>doo</i>] Cam. make</p> + +<p>Loke þ<i>o</i>u laughe not, nor grenne;</p> +<p>And w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> moche speche þ<i>o</i>u mayste do synne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or spill your food.</span> +<p>Mete ne drynke loke þ<i>o</i>u ne spylle,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_60" id="lyt_line_60">60</a></span> +<p>But sette hit downe fayre and stylle.]</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your cloth before you.</span> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 207.]</span> +<p>Kepe thy cloth clene the byforn<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>And bere the so thow haue no scorn<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>laughe not</i>] Cam. noþer laughe +<i>with moche speche</i>] Cam. thow meche speke +<i>mayst</i>] Cam. may +<i>ne drynke</i>] Cam. ner drynke +<i>ne spylle</i>] Cam. not +<i>fayre and stylle</i>] Cam. stere het not +<i>thy</i>] Cam. the +<i>so</i>] Eg. that</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Cut your meat, don’t bite it.</span> +<p>Byte not þi mete, but kerve it clene,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_64" id="lyt_line_64">64</a></span> +<p>Be well<i>e</i> war<i>e</i> no drop be sene.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t open your mouth too wide when you eat,</span> +<p>Whan þ<i>o</i>u etyst, gape not to wyde</p> +<p>That þi mouth be sene on ych<i>e</i> a syde.</p> +<p>And son, bewar<i>e</i>, I rede, of on thyng,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or blow in your food.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_68" id="lyt_line_68">68</a></span> +<p>Blow neþ<i>er</i> yn thi mete nor yn þi drynk.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If your lord drinks, always wait till he has done.</span> +<p>And yif thi lord drynk at þat tyde,</p> +<p>Drynk þ<i>o</i>u not, but hym abyde;</p> +<p>Be it at Evyn<i>e</i>, be it at noone,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_72" id="lyt_line_72">72</a></span> +<p>Drynk þ<i>o</i>u not tyll<i>e</i> he haue done.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>kerve it</i>] Eg. cut hit +<i>no</i>] Eg. that noo +<i>be sene on ych</i>e<i> a</i>] Eg. be in euery +<i>ych</i>e<i> a syde</i>] Cam. ych<i>e</i> syde +<i>bewar</i>e<i>, I rede, of</i>] Eg. be ware of +<i>I rede of</i>] Cam. of j redde þe of +<i>neþ</i>er] Eg. þ<i>o</i>u not; Cam. neuer +<i>mete nor yn þi</i>] Eg. mete not +<i>yn þi drynk</i>] Cam. drynk +<i>þat</i>] Cam. they +<i>noone</i>] Eg. morowe, (and omits next line.) +</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your trencher clean.</span> +<p>Vpon þi trencher no fyllth<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u see,</p> +<p>It is not honest, as I telle the;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Drink behind no man’s back.</span> +<p>Ne drynk behynd<i>e</i> no mannes bakke,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_76" id="lyt_line_76">76</a></span> +<p>For yf þ<i>o</i>u do, thow art to lakke.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t rush at the cheese,</span> +<p>And chese com<i>e</i> forthe, be not to gredy,</p> +<p>Ne cutte þow not therof to hastely.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>þ</i>o<i>u see</i>] Eg. be sene; Cam. be saye +<i>Ne drynk</i>] Eg. Drynke þ<i>o</i>u not +<i>þou</i>] Cam. yow +<i>thow art</i>] Cam. yow ar +<i>lakke</i>] Eg. blame +<i>forthe</i>] Eg. by-fore the; Cam. before yow +<i>gredy</i>] Eg. redy +<i>Ne cutte ... hastely</i>] Eg. To cut there-of be not to gredy. +<i>cutte þow not therof</i>] Cam. cutte therof</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or throw your bones on the floor.</span> +<p>Caste not þi bones ynto the flore,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_80" id="lyt_line_80">80</a></span> +<p>But ley þem fayre on þi trenchor<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p>Kepe clene þi cloth byfor<i>e</i> þe alle;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">271</span> +<a name="page271" id="page271"> </a> +<!-- png 394 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sit still till grace is said and you’ve washed your hands,</span> +<p>And sit þ<i>o</i>u stylle, what so be-falle,</p> + +<p>Tyll<i>e</i> grace be said vnto þe ende,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_84" id="lyt_line_84">84</a></span> +<p>And tyll<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u haue wasshen w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi +frend.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>ynto</i>] Cam. yn +<i>þem</i>] Eg. hem +<i>byfor</i>e<i> þe alle</i>] Eg. <i>þe</i> omitted. +<i>stylle, what so be-falle</i>] Eg. stylle w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>alle + +<i>ende</i>] Cam. hendyng +<i>wasshen</i>] Cam. was</p> + +<p>Let the more worthy þan thow</p> +<p>Wassh to-fore þe, & that is þi prow;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t spit in the basin.</span> +<p>And spitte not yn þi basyn<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_88" id="lyt_line_88">88</a></span> +<p>My swete son, þ<i>a</i>t þow wasshist yn<i>e</i>;</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>worthy</i>] Cam. wortheyor +<i>þan</i>] Eg. thenne +<i>to-fore</i>] Eg. by-for<i>e</i> +<i>to-</i>] Cam. be- +<i>& that is</i>] Cam. <i>omit</i> & +<i>þi prow</i>] Cam. gentyll cortesey +<i>And spitte not ... soft & stylle</i> (ll. 87, 88, 89)] Cam. +<i>omit</i>. +<i>And spitte not yn</i>] Eg. Spete not on (<i>and omits next +line</i>.)</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Rise quietly, don’t jabber, but</span> +<p>And aryse up soft & stylle,</p> +<p>And iangyll<i>e</i> nether with Iak ne Iylle,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Fol. 207, back.]</span> +<p>But take þi leve of the hede lowly,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +thank your host and all the company,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_92" id="lyt_line_92">92</a></span> +<p>And þank hym w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thyn<i>e</i> hert hyghly,</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>And aryse ... Iylle</i> (ll. 89-90)]</p> +<p class="textnote verse"> +Eg. And ryse w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym that sate w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the +stylle,<br> +And thanke hym fayre and welle:<br> +Aftyr, Iangely not w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> Iacke ne gylle.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>nether</i>] Cam. not +<i>ne</i>] Cam. ne with +<i>þi leve</i>] Cam. leve +<i>the hede</i>] Eg. the lorde; Cam. they lorde +<i>hyghly</i>] Cam. mekeley</p> + +<p>And all<i>e</i> þe gentyll<i>is</i> togydr<i>e</i> yn same,</p> +<p>And bare the so thow haue no blame;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and then men will say,</span> +<p>Than men wyll<i>e</i> say therafter</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +‘A gentleman was here!’</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_96" id="lyt_line_96">96</a></span> +<p>That a gentyll<i>e</i>man was heere.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He who despises this teaching</span> +<p>And he þ<i>a</i>t dispiseth this techyng,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +isn’t fit to sit at a good man’s table.</span> +<p>He is not worthy, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>oute lesyng,</p> + +<p>Nether at good mannes tabull<i>e</i> to sitte,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_100" id="lyt_line_100">100</a></span> +<p>Ner of no worship<i>e</i> for to wytte.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>þe gentyll</i>is] Eg. <i>omitted</i>. +<i>togydre ynsame</i>] Cam. yn the same manere +<i>so</i>] Eg. soo that +<i>men wyll</i>e<i> say</i>] Eg. wylle they sey +<i>therafter</i>] Cam. hereafter +<i>that</i>] Cam. that he ys +<i>was heere</i>] Cam. þere aftyr +<i>And he ...</i>] Cam. <i>omit</i> And +<i>dispiseth</i>] Cam. dispise +<i>Nether at</i>] Eg. Neuyr at a; Cam. neuer at +<i>to</i>] Eg. for to +<i>Ner</i>] Eg. Nothyr; Cam. ne +<i>for</i>] Eg. pur</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Children, love this little book, and</span> +<p>And therfor<i>e</i>, chyldren, for charyte,</p> +<p>Louyth this boke though yt lytil be!</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +pray that Jesus may help its author to die among his friends,</span> +<p>And pray for hym þ<i>a</i>t made it thus,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_104" id="lyt_line_104">104</a></span> +<p>That hym may helpe swete Ih<i>esus</i></p> +<p>To lyve & dye among his frendes,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and not be troubled with devils,</span> +<p>And neu<i>er</i> to be combred w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no fendes;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">273</span> +<a name="page273" id="page273"> </a> +<!-- png 396 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but be in joy for ever. Amen!</span> +<p>And geve vs grace yn Ioy to be;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="lyt_line_108" id="lyt_line_108">108</a></span> +<p>Amen, Amen, for charytee!</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>for</i>] Cam. for sent +<i>Louyth ... lytil be</i>] Eg. Lernythe thys boke that ys callyd +Edyllys be +<i>Louyth this boke</i>] Cam. Loren this lesen +<i>And pray</i>] Cam. <i>omit</i> and +<i>made</i>] Cam. wret +<i>made it thus</i>] Eg. made thys +<i>And neuer ... charytee!</i> (ll. 106-108)]</p> +<p class="textnote verse"> +Eg. And vs graunte in Ioy to a-byde!<br> +Say ye alle Amen for charyde in euery syde</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>And neu</i>er ... <i>no fendes</i> (l. 106)] Cam. <i>omitted</i>.<br> +<i>geve vs</i>] Cam. geve hem and vs<br> +<i>Amen, Amen</i>] Cam. Sey all, Amen</p> + +<p class="in8 stanza"> +<span class="smallcaps">Explicit.</span> lerne or be lewde<br> +q<i>uod</i> Whytyng.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>Explicit...</i>]</p> + +<p class="textnote verse"> +Eg. <span class="smallcaps">Amen.</span><br> +<span class="smallcaps">He</span>re endythe the boke of Curtesy that +ys fulle necessary vnto yonge chyldryn that muste nedys lerne the maner +of curtesy.<br> +<span class="smallcaps">Explicit. Amen.</span></p> + +<p class="textnote"> +Cam. Expleycyt the Boke of cortesey.</p> + +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">266</span> +<a name="page266" id="page266"> </a> +<!-- png 389 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="children_right" id="children_right"> +<img src="images/page266header.png" width="277" height="34" +alt="The Young Children’s Book." +title="The Young Children’s Book."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>From the Ashmolean MS.</i> 61 (<i>Bodleian Library</i>), <i>ab.</i> +1500 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, <i>fol.</i> 20.]</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Whoever will thrive, must be courteous, and begin in his youth.</span> +<p>Who so eu<i>er</i> wyll<i>e</i> thryue or the,</p> +<p>Muste v<i>er</i>tus lerne, & c<i>ur</i>tas be;</p> +<p>For<i>e</i> who in ȝowth<i>e</i> no v<i>er</i>tus vsythe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_4" id="young_line_4">4</a></span> +<p>Yn Age All men hy<i>m</i> refusythe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Courtesy came from heaven,</span> +<p>Clerkys þ<i>a</i>t ca<i>n</i>ne þe scyens seuen<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Seys þ<i>a</i>t c<i>ur</i>tasy came fro heue<i>n</i></p> +<p>When gabryell owre lady grette,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_8" id="young_line_8">8</a></span> +<p>And elyȝabeth w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> her<i>e</i> mette.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and contains all virtues, as rudeness does all vices.</span> +<p>All v<i>er</i>tus be closyd<i>e</i> in c<i>ur</i>tasy,</p> +<p>And All<i>e</i> vyces i<i>n</i> vilony.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Get up betimes; cross yourself;</span> +<p class="in1"> +Aryse be tyme oute of thi bedde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_12" id="young_line_12">12</a></span> +<p>And blysse þi brest & thi forhede,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +wash your hands and face; comb your hair; say your prayers;</span> +<p>Than wasche thi hond<i>es</i> & thi face,</p> +<p>Keme þi hede, & Aske god g<i>ra</i>ce</p> +<p>The to helpe in All þi werkes;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_16" id="young_line_16">16</a></span> +<p>Thow schall spede bett<i>er</i> what so þ<i>o</i>u carpes.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +go to church and hear Mass.</span> +<p>Than go to þe chyrch<i>e</i>, & here A messe,</p> +<p>Ther<i>e</i> aske m<i>er</i>sy for<i>e</i> þi trespasse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Say ‘Good Morning’ to every one you meet.</span> +<p>To whom þ<i>o</i>u metys come by þe weye,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_20" id="young_line_20">20</a></span> +<p>Curtasly ‘gode morne’ þ<i>o</i>u sey.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then have breakfast,</span> +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u hast done, go breke thy faste</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mete & drynke of god<i>e</i> repaste:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +first crossing your mouth.</span> +<p>Blysse þi mouthe or þ<i>o</i>u it ete,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_24" id="young_line_24">24</a></span> +<p>The bett<i>er</i> schall<i>e</i> be þi dyete.</p> +<span class="pagenum">268</span> +<a name="page268" id="page268"> </a> +<!-- png 391 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Say grace,</span> +<p>Be-for<i>e</i> þi mete sey þ<i>o</i>u þi g<i>ra</i>ce,</p> +<p>Yt ocupys bot lytell space;—</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +thank Jesus for your food,</span> +<p>For<i>e</i> oure mete, & drynke, & vs,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_28" id="young_line_28">28</a></span> +<p>Thanke we owre lord Ih<i>esu</i>s;—</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and say an Ave for the souls in pain.</span> +<p>A pat<i>er</i> nost<i>er</i> & Aue mary</p> +<p>Sey for<i>e</i> þe saulys þ<i>a</i>t in peyn<i>e</i> ly;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then set to work, and don’t be idle.</span> +<p>Than go labo<i>ur</i> as þ<i>o</i>u arte bownde,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_32" id="young_line_32">32</a></span> +<p>And be not Idyll<i>e</i> in no stounde:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Scripture tells you,</span> +<p>Holy scrypto<i>ur</i> þ<i>us</i> it seyth</p> +<p>To þe þ<i>a</i>t Arte of cristen feyth,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +if you work, you must eat what you get with your hands.</span> +<p>“Yff<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u labo<i>ur</i>, þ<i>o</i>u muste ete</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_36" id="young_line_36">36</a></span> +<p>That w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi hond<i>es</i> þ<i>o</i>u doyst<i>e</i> +gete;”</p> +<p>A byrd<i>e</i> hath weng<i>es</i> forto fle,</p> +<p>So man hath Armes laboryd to be.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be true in word and deed;</span> +<p>Luke þ<i>o</i>u be trew in word<i>e</i> & dede,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_40" id="young_line_40">40</a></span> +<p>Yn All<i>e</i> þi werkes þa<i>n</i> schall þ<i>o</i>u spede:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +truth keeps a man from blame.</span> +<p>Treuth wyt neu<i>er</i> his mast<i>er</i> schame,</p> +<p>Yt kepys hy<i>m</i> out off<i>e</i> sy<i>n</i>ne & blame.</p> +<p>The weys to heue<i>n</i> þ<i>e</i>i bene þ<i>us</i> +tweyn<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Mercy and Truth are the two ways to heaven,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_44" id="young_line_44">44</a></span> +<p>M<i>er</i>cy & treuthe, As clerk<i>es</i> seyn<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Who so wyll come to þe lyfe of blysse,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +fail not to go by them.</span> +<p>To go þe weys he may not mysse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Make only proper promises, and keep them</span> +<p>Make no p<i>ro</i>mys bot it be gode,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_48" id="young_line_48">48</a></span> +<p>And kepe þ<i>o</i>u it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> myght & mode;</p> +<p>For<i>e</i> eu<i>er</i>y p<i>ro</i>mys, it is dette,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +without falsehood.</span> +<p>That w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no falsed muste be lette.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Love God and your neighbours,</span> +<p>God & þi neybores lufe all wey;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_52" id="young_line_52">52</a></span> +<p>Welle is þe, than may þ<i>o</i>u sey,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and so fulfil all the Law.</span> +<p>For<i>e</i> so þ<i>o</i>u kepys All þe lawe</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute Any fer<i>e</i>, drede, o<i>r</i> awe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Meddle only with what belongs to you.</span> +<p>Vn-callyd go þ<i>o</i>u to no counsell<i>e</i>;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_56" id="young_line_56">56</a></span> +<p>That long<i>es</i> to þe, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þ<i>a</i>t thow +melle.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Scorn not the poor;</span> +<p>Scorne not þe pore, ne hurte no man<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Lerne of hy<i>m</i> þ<i>a</i>t the tech<i>e</i> cane;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +flatter no one; oppress (?) not servants.</span> +<p>Be no gloser<i>e</i> no<i>r</i> no moker<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_60" id="young_line_60">60</a></span> +<p>Ne no s<i>er</i>ua<i>n</i>t<i>es</i> no wey loker<i>e</i>.</p> +<span class="pagenum">270</span> +<a name="page270" id="page270"> </a> +<!-- png 393 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be meek,</span> +<p>Be not prowd, bot meke & lynd,</p> +<p>And w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thi bett<i>er</i> go þ<i>o</i>u be-hynd.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and wait till your better has spoken.</span> +<p>When þi bett<i>er</i> schewys his wylle,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_64" id="young_line_64">64</a></span> +<p>To he haue seyd þ<i>o</i>u muste be stylle.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When you speak to a man, keep still,</span> +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u spekes to Any man<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Hand<i>e</i>, fote, & fyng<i>er</i>, kepe þ<i>o</i>u styll +þan,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and look him in the face.</span> +<p>And luke þ<i>o</i>u vppe i<i>n</i> to his face,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_68" id="young_line_68">68</a></span> +<p>And c<i>ur</i>tase be in eu<i>er</i>y place.</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi fyng<i>er</i> schew þ<i>o</i>u no +thyng<i>e</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t be a tale-bearer.</span> +<p>No<i>r</i> be not lefe to telle tydinge.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Thank all who speak well of you.</span> +<p>Yff Any man sey welle of þe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_72" id="young_line_72">72</a></span> +<p>Or of thi frend<i>es</i>, thankyd muste be.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Use few words;</span> +<p>Haue few word<i>es</i>, & wysly sette,</p> +<p>For<i>e</i> so þ<i>o</i>u may thi worschyppe gete.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t swear or lie in your dealings.</span> +<p>Vse no sueryng<i>e</i> noþ<i>er</i> lyeng<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_76" id="young_line_76">76</a></span> +<p>Yn thi sellyng<i>e</i> & thi byeng<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>For<i>e</i> & þ<i>o</i>u do þ<i>o</i>u arte to blame,</p> +<p>And at þe last þ<i>o</i>u wyll<i>e</i> haue scham<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Earn money honestly, and keep out of debt.</span> +<p>Gete þi gowd w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> trewe[t]h & wy<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_80" id="young_line_80">80</a></span> +<p>And kepe þe out of dette & sy<i>n</i>ne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Try to please;</span> +<p>Be loth to greue, & leffe to ples;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +seek peace;</span> +<p>Seke þe pes, & lyfe in es.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +mind whom you speak to and what you say.</span> +<p>Off<i>e</i> whom<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u spek<i>es</i>, wher<i>e</i> & +when,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_84" id="young_line_84">84</a></span> +<p>A-vyse þe welle, & to what men.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Wherever you enter, say “God be here;”</span> +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u co<i>m</i>mys vn to A dore,</p> +<p>Sey “god be here,” o<i>r</i> þ<i>o</i>u go ferre:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and speak courteously to master and man.</span> +<p>W<i>er</i>-eu<i>er</i> þ<i>o</i>u co<i>m</i>mys, speke honestly</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_88" id="young_line_88">88</a></span> +<p>To s<i>er</i> or dame, or þ<i>er</i> meny.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Stand till you are told to sit at meat,</span> +<p>Stand, & sytte not furth-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-all<i>e</i></p> +<p>Tyll<i>e</i> he byde þe þ<i>a</i>t rewlys þe halle;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t leave your seat before others.</span> +<p>Wher<i>e</i> he bydis, þ<i>er</i> must þ<i>o</i>u sytte,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_92" id="young_line_92">92</a></span> +<p>And for<i>e</i> non<i>e</i> oþ<i>er</i> change ne flyte;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sit upright;</span> +<p>Sytt vp-ryght And honestly,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +be sociable, and share with your neighbours.</span> +<p>Ete & drinke, & be feleyly,</p> +<p>Parte w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hem þ<i>a</i>t sytes þe by;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_96" id="young_line_96">96</a></span> +<p>Thus teches þe dame c<i>ur</i>tasy.</p> +<span class="pagenum">272</span> +<a name="page272" id="page272"> </a> +<!-- png 395 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Take salt with a clean knife;</span> +<p>Take þe salt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thi clen<i>e</i> knyfe;</p> +<p>Be cold of spech, & make no stryfe;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +talk no scandal, but speak well of all.</span> +<p>Bakbyte no man þ<i>a</i>t is A-wey<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_100" id="young_line_100">100</a></span> +<p>Be glad of All<i>e</i> men wele to sey.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Hear and see; don’t talk.</span> +<p>Here & se, & sey thou nought,</p> +<p>Than schall þ<i>o</i>u not to p<i>ro</i>fe be brought.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be satisfied with what’s set before you.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mete & drynke be-for<i>e</i> þe sette,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_104" id="young_line_104">104</a></span> +<p>Hold þe plesyd, & aske no bette.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Wipe your mouth before you drink;</span> +<p>Wype thi mouthe when þ<i>o</i>u wyll drinke,</p> +<p>Lest it foule thi copys brinke;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +keep your fingers and lips clean.</span> +<p>Kepe clen<i>e</i> thi fyng<i>er</i>es, lypes, & chine,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_108" id="young_line_108">108</a></span> +<p>For<i>e</i> so þ<i>o</i>u may thi wyrschype wy<i>n</i>ne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t speak with your mouth full.</span> +<p>Yn þi mouth when þi mete is,</p> +<p>To drinke, o<i>r</i> speke, o<i>r</i> lauȝh, I-wys</p> +<p>Dame c<i>ur</i>tasy for<i>e</i>-byd<i>es</i> it the:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Praise your food for whether it’s good or bad, it must be taken in good +part.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_112" id="young_line_112">112</a></span> +<p>Bot p<i>ra</i>yse thi fare, w<i>er</i>-so-eu<i>er</i> þ<i>o</i>u +be,</p> +<p>For<i>e</i> be it gode o<i>r</i> be it badde,</p> +<p>Yn gud worth it muste be had.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Mind where you spit,</span> +<p>Whe<i>n</i> þ<i>o</i>u spyt<i>es</i>, be welle were</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_116" id="young_line_116">116</a></span> +<p>Wher<i>e</i> so þ<i>o</i>u spyt<i>es</i>, nyȝe or fer<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and put your hand before your mouth.</span> +<p>Hold þi hand be-fore thi mouth</p> +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u spyt<i>es</i>, & hyde it couth.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your knife clean,</span> +<p>Kepe þi knyfe both clen<i>e</i> & scherpe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_120" id="young_line_120">120</a></span> +<p>And be not besy forto kerpe;</p> +<p>Clens þi knyfe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> som<i>e</i> cutte bred,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t wipe it on the cloth.</span> +<p>Not w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thi cloth, As I þe rede:</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> Any fylth to fowle þe clothe,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_124" id="young_line_124">124</a></span> +<p>A c<i>ur</i>tase man<i>e</i> he wyll<i>e</i> be lothe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t put your spoon in the dish,</span> +<p>In þi dysch sett<i>e</i> not þi spone,</p> +<p>Noþ<i>er</i> on þe brynk<i>e</i>, as vn-lernyd don<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or make a noise, like boys, when you sup.</span> +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u sopys, make no no[y]se</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_128" id="young_line_128">128</a></span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thi mouth As do boys.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t put meat off your plate into the dish, but into a voider.</span> +<p>The mete þ<i>a</i>t on þi trencher is,</p> +<p>Putt<i>e</i> it not in-to þi dysch.</p> +<p>Gete þe sone A voyd<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_132" id="young_line_132">132</a></span> +<p>And sone A-voyd þ<i>o</i>u thi trencher<i>e</i>.</p> +<span class="pagenum">274</span> +<a name="page274" id="page274"> </a> +<!-- png 397 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +If your superior hands you a cup, drink,</span> +<p>When thi bett<i>er</i> take þe tho coppe,</p> +<p>Drinke thi selffe, & sett<i>e</i> it vppe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but take the cup with two hands.</span> +<p>Take tho coppe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thi hond<i>es</i>.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_136" id="young_line_136">136</a></span> +<p>Lest it fall<i>e</i> þ<i>er</i> As þ<i>o</i>u stond<i>es</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When he speaks to you, doff your cap and bend your knee.</span> +<p>When thi bett<i>er</i> spek<i>es</i> to the,</p> +<p>Do off<i>e</i> thi cape & bow þi kne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t scratch yourself at table,</span> +<p>At thi tabull noþ<i>er</i> crache ne claw,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_140" id="young_line_140">140</a></span> +<p>Than men wyll<i>e</i> sey þ<i>o</i>u arte A daw.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +wipe your nose,</span> +<p>Wype not thi nose nor þi nos-thirlys,</p> +<p>Than men<i>e</i> wyll<i>e</i> sey þ<i>o</i>u com<i>e</i> of +cherlys.</p> +<p>Make þ<i>o</i>u noþ<i>er</i> cate ne hond (<i>so in MS.</i>)<a name="young_tag_a" id="young_tag_a" href="#young_note_a">*</a></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_144" id="young_line_144">144</a></span> +<p>Thi felow at þ<i>o</i>u tabull round; ( „ „ )</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or play with your spoon, &c.</span> +<p>Ne pley<i>e</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> spone, trencher<i>e</i>, ne +knyffe.</p> +<p>Yn honesty & clenys lede þ<i>o</i>u thi lyffe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +This book is for young children who don’t stay long at school.</span> +<p>This boke is made fo<i>r</i> chyld<i>er</i> ȝong<i>e</i></p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_148" id="young_line_148">148</a></span> +<p>At the scowle þ<i>a</i>t byde not long<i>e</i>:</p> +<p>Sone it may be conyd & had,</p> +<p>And make them gode iff þ<i>e</i>i be bad.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +God grant them grace to be virtuous!</span> +<p>God gyff<i>e</i> them g<i>ra</i>ce, v<i>er</i>tuos to be,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="young_line_152" id="young_line_152">152</a></span> +<p>For<i>e</i> than þ<i>e</i>i may both thryff & the.</p> + +<p class="center">Amen! q<i>uod</i> Kate.</p> + +</div> + +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="young_note_a" id="young_note_a" href="#young_tag_a">*</a> +l. 143-4, ? sense, reading corrupt. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_274">Corrigenda</a></p> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">275</span> +<a name="page275" id="page275"> </a> +<!-- png 398 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="stans_left" id="stans_left"> +<img src="images/page275header.png" width="250" height="35" +alt="Stans Puer ad Mensam." +title="Stans Puer ad Mensam."> +</a></p> + +<p class="center">ASCRIBED TO JOHN LIDGATE.<a name="stans1_tag_a" id="stans1_tag_a" href="#stans1_note_a">*</a></p> + +<p class="mynote"> +The two versions of <i>Stans Puer ad Mensam</i> were printed on facing +even/odd pages. They are here presented twice: first as separate texts +with all accompanying notes, and then <a href="#stans_both">side by +side</a>. In the original book, the editor’s sidenotes were printed only +on the right-hand pages; they have been duplicated here.</p> + +<p class="smaller space"> +[MS. Harl. 2251, ? about 1460 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span>, +fol. 153 or 148. The parts between brackets [ ], and various +readings, are from Mr Halliwell’s print in <i>Reliquiæ Antiquæ</i>, +v. 1, p. 156-8, of a 15th-century MS. Q. Γ. 8, fol. 77, +r<sup>o</sup>, in the Library of Jesus College, Cambridge.]</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<p>¶ [My dere childe, first thiself enable</p> +<p>With all thin herte to vertuous disciplyne</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When you stand before your sovereign,</span> +<p>Afor thi soverayne standing at the table,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_4" id="stans1_line_4">4</a></span> +<p>Dispose thi youth aftir my doctryne</p> +<p>To all norture thi corage to enclyne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +speak not recklessly, and keep your hands still.</span> +<p>First when thu spekist be not rekles,</p> +<p>Kepe feete and fingeris and handes still in pese.]</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_8" id="stans1_line_8">8</a></span> +<p class="stanza pilcrow"> +<span class="largecap">B</span>e symple of chiere, cast nat thyn ye +aside,</p> +<p>Agenst the post lete nat thy bak abyde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t stare about,</span> +<p>Gaase nat aboute, to<i>ur</i>nyng ou<i>er</i>all<i>e</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +lean against a post, look at the wall, pick your nose, or scratch +yourself.</span> +<p>Make nat thy myrro<i>ur</i> also of the wall<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_12" id="stans1_line_12">12</a></span> +<p>Pyke nat thy nose, and in especiall<i>e</i></p> +<p>Be right wele ware, and sette hieron thi thought,</p> +<p>By-fore thy sou<i>er</i>ayne cracche ne rubbe nought.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +When spoken to, don’t lumpishly look at the ground.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Who spekith<i>e</i> to the in any man<i>er</i> place,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_16" id="stans1_line_16">16</a></span> +<p><span class="texttag">Rudely</span> cast nat thyn <span class="texttag">ye</span> adowne,</p> +<p>But with a sadde chiere loke hym in the face;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Walk demurely in the streets,</span> +<p>Walke demurely by strete in the towne,</p> +<p>Advertise the with<i>e</i> wisdom and Reasoun<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t laugh before your lord.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_20" id="stans1_line_20">20</a></span> +<p>With<i>e</i> dissolute laughters do thow non offence</p> +<p>To-fore thy sou<i>er</i>ayn, whiles he is in presence.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>Rudely</i>] <i>Rel. Ant.</i>, Lumbisshly<br> +<i>ye</i>] hede</p> + +<span class="pagenum">277</span> +<a name="page277" id="page277"> </a> +<!-- png 400 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Clean your nails and wash your hands.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Pare clene thy nailes, thyn handes wassh<i>e</i> also</p> +<p>To-fore mete, and whan thow dooest arise;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sit where you’re told to,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_24" id="stans1_line_24">24</a></span> +<p>Sitte in that place thow art assigned to;</p> +<p>Prease nat to hye in no man<i>er</i> wise;</p> +<p>And til thow se afore the thy service,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t be too hasty to begin eating.</span> +<p>Be nat to hasty on brede for to byte,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_28" id="stans1_line_28">28</a></span> +<p>Of gredynesse lest men wolde the <span class="texttag">endwyte</span>.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>endwyte</i>] a-wite.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Don’t grin, shout,</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Grennyng and mowes at the table eschowe;</p> +<p>Cry nat to lowde; kepe honestly silence;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or stuff your jaws with food,</span> +<p>To enboce thy Iowis with<i>e</i> <span class="texttag">mete</span> +is nat diewe;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_32" id="stans1_line_32">32</a></span> +<p>With<i>e</i> ful mowth<i>e</i> speke nat, lest thow do offence;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or drink too quickly.</span> +<p>Drynk nat <span class="texttag">bretheles</span> for hast ne +necligence;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your lips clean, and wipe your spoon.</span> +<p>Kepe clene thy lippes from fat of flessh<i>e</i> or +fissh<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Wype <span class="texttag">clene</span> thi spone, leve it nat in +thy dissh<i>e</i>.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>mete</i>] brede it<br> +<i>bretheles</i>] bridlid<br> +<i>clene</i>] fayre</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Don’t make sops of bread,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_36" id="stans1_line_36">36</a></span> +<p class="pilcrow"> +¶ Of brede I-byten no soppis that thow make;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or drink with a dirty mouth.</span> +<p>In ale nor wyne with<i>e</i> hande leve no fattenes;</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> mowth<i>e</i> enbrewed thy cuppe thow nat take;</p> +<p><span class="texttag">Enbrewe</span> no napery for no +rekelesnes;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t dirty the table linen,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_40" id="stans1_line_40">40</a></span> +<p>For to souppe [loude] is agenst gentiles;</p> +<p>[N]eu<i>er</i> at mete begynne thow <span class="texttag">nat</span> stryf;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or pick your teeth with your knife.</span> +<p>Thi teth<i>e</i> also thow pike nat with<i>e</i> no knyf.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>Enbrewe</i>] Foul<br> +<i>nat</i>] be warre gynne no</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza page"> +[Fol. 153, back.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t swear or talk ribaldry, or take the best bits;</span> +<p class="stanza pilcrow"> +¶ Of honest myrth<i>e</i> late be thy daliaunce;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_44" id="stans1_line_44">44</a></span> +<p>Swere none othes, speke no ribawdrye;</p> +<p>The best morsel, have in remembraunce,</p> +<p>Hole to thyself alwey do nat applie;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +share with your fellows.</span> +<p>Part with<i>e</i> thy felaw, for that is curtesie:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Eat up your pieces, and keep your nails clean.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_48" id="stans1_line_48">48</a></span> +<p>Laade nat thy trencho<i>ur</i> with<i>e</i> many remyssailes;</p> +<p>And from blaknes alwey kepe thy nayles.</p> + +<p class="stanza pilcrow"> +¶ Of curtesye also agenst the lawe,</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> <span class="texttag">sowne</span> dishonest for to do +offence;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_52" id="stans1_line_52">52</a></span> +<p>Of old surfaytes abrayde nat thy felawe;</p> +<p>Toward thy sou<i>er</i>ayne alwey thyn aduertence;</p> +<span class="pagenum">279</span> +<a name="page279" id="page279"> </a> +<!-- png 402 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t play with your knife,</span> +<p>Play with<i>e</i> no knyf, take heede to my sentence;</p> +<p>At mete and soupp<i>er</i> kepe the stille and soft;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or shuffle your feet about.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_56" id="stans1_line_56">56</a></span> +<p>Eke to and fro meve nat thy foote to oft.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>sowne</i>] Which sou</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Don’t spill your broth on your chest, or use dirty knives, or fill your +spoon too full.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Droppe nat thi brest with<i>e</i> sawce ne with<i>e</i> potage;</p> +<p>Brynge no knyves vnskoured to the table;</p> +<p>Fil nat thy spone, lest in the cariage</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_60" id="stans1_line_60">60</a></span> +<p>It went beside, whiche were nat comendable;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be quick to do whatever your lord orders.</span> +<p>Be quyke and redy, meke and s<i>er</i>uisable,</p> +<p>Wele awaityng to fulfille anone</p> +<p>What that thy sou<i>er</i>ayn<i>e</i> comav[<i>n</i>]dith<i>e</i> the +to be done.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Take salt with your knife; don’t blow in your cup, or begin +quarrels.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_64" id="stans1_line_64">64</a></span> +<p class="stanza pilcrow"> +¶ And whereso eu<i>er</i> that thow dyne or soupe,</p> +<p>Of gentilesse take salt with<i>e</i> thy knyf;</p> +<p>And be wele ware thow blow nat in the cuppe.</p> +<p>Reu<i>er</i>ence thy felawe, gynne with<i>e</i> hym no stryf;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_68" id="stans1_line_68">68</a></span> +<p>Be thy power<i>e</i> kepe pees al thy lyf.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Interrupt no man in his story.</span> +<p>Interrupt nat, where so thow wende,</p> +<p>None other mans tale, til he have made an ende;</p> + +<p class="stanza pilcrow"> +¶ With<i>e</i> thy fyngres <span class="texttag">make</span> thow nat +thy tale;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Drink wine and ale in moderation.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_72" id="stans1_line_72">72</a></span> +<p>Be wele avised, namly in tendre age,</p> +<p>To drynk by mesure both<i>e</i> wyne and ale;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t talk too much,</span> +<p>Be nat copious also of langage;</p> +<p>As tyme requyrith<i>e</i>, shewe out thy visage,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but keep a middle course.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_76" id="stans1_line_76">76</a></span> +<p>To gladde ne to sory, but kepe atwene tweyne,</p> +<p>For losse or lucre or any case sodayne.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>make</i>] <i>Rel. Ant.</i>, marke</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza page"> +[Fol. 154 or 149.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Be gentle and tractable, but not too soft.</span> +<p class="stanza pilcrow"> +¶ Be meke in mesure, nat hasti, but tretable;</p> +<p>Ou<i>er</i> moche is nat worth<i>e</i> in no man<i>er</i> thyng;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Children must not be revengeful;</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_80" id="stans1_line_80">80</a></span> +<p>To children it longith<i>e</i> nat to be [<span class="texttag">vengeable</span>,]</p> +<p>Sone meeved and sone forgyvyng;</p> +<p>And as it is remembrid <span class="texttag">bi</span> writyng,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +their anger is appeased with a bit of apple.</span> +<p>Wrath<i>e</i> of children is sone ou<i>er</i>gone,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_84" id="stans1_line_84">84</a></span> +<p>With<i>e</i> an apple the p<i>ar</i>ties be made atone.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>vengeable</i>] MS. Harl., tretable<br> +<i>bi</i>] <i>Rel. Ant.</i>, by olde</p> + +<span class="pagenum">281</span> +<a name="page281" id="page281"> </a> +<!-- png 404 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Children’s quarrels are first play, then crying;</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ In children <span class="texttag">werre</span> now myrth<i>e</i> and +now debate,</p> +<p>In theyr quarel no grete violence;</p> +<p>Now pley, now wepyng, sielde in one estate;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t believe their complaints; give ’em the rod.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_88" id="stans1_line_88">88</a></span> +<p>To theyr playntes gyve no credence;</p> +<p>A Rodde refo<i>ur</i>myth<i>e</i> al theyr insolence;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Spare that, and you’ll spoil all.</span> +<p>In theyr corage no Ranco<i>ur</i> doth<i>e</i> abyde;</p> +<p>Who sparith<i>e</i> the yerd, al vertu set aside.</p> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>werre</i>] <i>Rel. Ant.</i>, In childre</p> + +<p class="center">LENVOYE.</p> + +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_92" id="stans1_line_92">92</a></span> +<p class="stanza pilcrow"> +¶ Go, litel bille, bareyn of eloquence,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Young children, pray take heed to my little ballad, which shall lead you +into all virtues.</span> +<p>Pray yonge children that the shal see or Reede,</p> +<p>Though<i>e</i> thow be compendious of sentence,</p> +<p>Of thi clauses for to taken heede,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans1_line_96" id="stans1_line_96">96</a></span> +<p>Whiche to al vertu shal theyr yowth<i>e</i> leede.</p> +<p>Of the writyng, though<i>e</i> ther be no date,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +My mistakes I submit to correction.</span> +<p>If ought be mysse,—worde, sillable, or dede,—</p> +<p>Put al the defaute vpon Iohn<i>e</i> Lydegate.</p> +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="stans1_note_a" id="stans1_note_a" href="#stans1_tag_a">*</a> +Lowndes calls the original of <i>Stans Puer ad Mensam</i> the <i>Carmen +Juvenile</i> of Sulpitius. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_275">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">276</span> +<a name="page276" id="page276"> </a> +<!-- png 399 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="stans_right" id="stans_right"> +<img src="images/page276header.png" width="248" height="125" +alt="The Book of Curteisie / That is Clepid / Stans Puer ad Mensam." +title="The Book of Curteisie / That is Clepid / Stans Puer ad Mensam."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>Lambeth MS. <em>853</em>, ab. <em>1430 <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span></em>, page <em>150</em>, back. Part written as +prose.</i>]</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<p><span class="largecap">M</span>i dere sone, first þi silf able</p> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al þin herte to vertuose discipline,—</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When you stand before your sovereign,</span> +<p>A-fore þi souereyn stondinge at þe table</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_4" id="stans2_line_4">4</a></span> +<p>Dispose þou þ<i>e</i>e aftir my doctryne—</p> +<p>To al nortur þi corage to encline.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +speak not recklessly, and keep your hands still.</span> +<p>First while þou spekist, be not richelees;</p> +<p>Kepe boþe fyngir and hond stille in pees;</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza"> +[Page 151.]</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_8" id="stans2_line_8">8</a></span> +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">B</span>e symple in cheer; caste not þi looke +a-side,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t stare about,</span> +<p>gase not about, t<i>ur</i>nynge þi siȝt ou<i>er</i>al.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +lean against a post, look at the wall, pick your nose, or scratch +yourself.</span> +<p>aȝen þe post lete not þi bak abide,</p> +<p>neiþ<i>er</i> make þi myrro<i>ur</i> also of þe wal.</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_12" id="stans2_line_12">12</a></span> +<p>Pike not pi nose; & moost in especial</p> +<p>be weel waar, sette her-on þi þouȝt,</p> +<p>to-fore þi sou<i>er</i>eyn cratche ne picke þ<i>e</i>e nouȝt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +When spoken to, don’t lumpishly look at the ground.</span> + +<p class="pilcrow stanza"> +¶ Who-so speke to þ<i>e</i>e in ony man<i>er</i> place,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_16" id="stans2_line_16">16</a></span> +<p>lu<i>m</i>pischli caste not þin heed a-dou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>but w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a sad cheer loke him in þe face.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Walk demurely in the streets,</span> +<p>walke demurely bi streetis in þe tou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>And take good hede bi wisdom & resou<i>n</i></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t laugh before your lord.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_20" id="stans2_line_20">20</a></span> +<p>þat bi no wantowne lauȝinge þ<i>o</i>u do noo<i>n</i> offence</p> +<p>To-fore þi sou<i>er</i>eyne while he is i<i>n</i> +p<i>re</i>sence.</p> +<span class="pagenum">278</span> +<a name="page278" id="page278"> </a> +<!-- png 401 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Clean your nails and wash your hands.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">P</span>are clene þi nailis; þi<i>n</i> hondis +waische also</p> +<p>to-fore þi mete, [&] wha<i>n</i>ne þou doist arise.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sit where you’re told to,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_24" id="stans2_line_24">24</a></span> +<p>sitte þ<i>o</i>u in þ<i>a</i>t place þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u art +a-signed to;</p> +<p>Prece not to hie in no maner wise;</p> +<p>And wha<i>n</i>ne þou seest afore þ<i>e</i>e þi seruice,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t be too hasty to begin eating.</span> +<p>be not to hasti upon breed to bite</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_28" id="stans2_line_28">28</a></span> +<p>lest men þ<i>er</i>of Do þee edwite.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza"> +[Page 152.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t grin, shout,</span> +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">G</span>re<i>n</i>nynge & mowy<i>n</i>ge at +þi table eschewe;</p> +<p>Crie not to lowde: honestli kepe silence.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or stuff your jaws with food,</span> +<p>To enbrace þi iowis w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> breed, it is not dewe;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_32" id="stans2_line_32">32</a></span> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ful mouþ speke not lest þ<i>o</i>u do offence;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or drink too quickly.</span> +<p>Drinke not bridelid for haste ne necligence;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your lips clean, and wipe your spoon.</span> +<p>Kepe clene þi lippis from fleisch & fische;</p> +<p>Wipe faire þi spoon; leue it not i<i>n</i> þi dische.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Don’t make sops of bread,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_36" id="stans2_line_36">36</a></span> +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">O</span>f breed w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi teeþ no +soppis þou make;</p> +<p>Lowde for to soupe is aȝen gentilnes:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or drink with a dirty mouth.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mouþ enbrowide þi cuppe þ<i>o</i>u not take,</p> +<p>In ale ne i<i>n</i> wiyn w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hond leue no fatnes;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t dirty the table linen,</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_40" id="stans2_line_40">40</a></span> +<p>Defoule not þe naprie bi no richelesnes.</p> +<p>Be waar þ<i>a</i>t at þe mete þ<i>o</i>u bigy<i>n</i>ne no +striif;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or pick your teeth with your knife.</span> +<p>Þi teeþ also at þe table picke w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no knyf.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Don’t swear or talk ribaldry, or take the best bits;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">O</span>f honest mirþe eu<i>er</i>e be þi +daliaunce;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_44" id="stans2_line_44">44</a></span> +<p>Swere noo<i>n</i> ooþis; speke no ribaudie.</p> +<p>Þe beste morsels,—haue þis i<i>n</i> +reme<i>m</i>brau<i>n</i>ce,—</p> +<p>Holli alwey þi silf to take do not applie.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +share with your fellows.</span> +<p>P<i>ar</i>te w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi felawis, for þat is curteisie.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Eat up your pieces, and keep your nails clean.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_48" id="stans2_line_48">48</a></span> +<p>Lete not þi trencho<i>ur</i> be w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> many morsels;</p> +<p>And fro blaknes kepe weel þi nailis.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza"> +[Page 153.]</span> +<p><span class="midcap">O</span>f curtesie it is aȝen þe lawe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It’s bad manners to bring up old complaints.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> dishoneste, sone, for to do difence;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_52" id="stans2_line_52">52</a></span> +<p>Of oolde forfetis vpbraide not þi felawe;</p> +<p>Towarde þi sou<i>er</i>eyn do eu<i>er</i>e reu<i>er</i>ence.</p> +<span class="pagenum">280</span> +<a name="page280" id="page280"> </a> +<!-- png 403 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t play with your knife,</span> +<p>Pleie w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no knif, take hede to my sentence;</p> +<p>At mete & at sop<i>er</i> kepe þee stille & softe,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or shuffle your feet about.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_56" id="stans2_line_56">56</a></span> +<p>And eek to & fro meeue not þi feeþ to ofte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Don’t spill your broth on your chest, or use dirty knives, or fill your +spoon too full.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">D</span>roppe n<i>o</i>t þi brest +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> seew & oþ<i>er</i> potage,</p> +<p>Bri<i>n</i>ge no foule knyues vnto þe table;</p> +<p>Fille not þi spoon lest i<i>n</i> þe cariage</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_60" id="stans2_line_60">60</a></span> +<p>It scheede bi side, it were not co<i>m</i>mendable.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be quick to do whatever your lord orders.</span> +<p>Be quik & redi, meke & seruiable,</p> +<p>Weel awaiti<i>n</i>ge to fulfille anoo<i>n</i></p> +<p>What þ<i>a</i>t þi sou<i>er</i>eyn co<i>m</i>maundiþ to be doon.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Take salt with your knife; don’t blow in your cup, or begin +quarrels.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_64" id="stans2_line_64">64</a></span> +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">A</span>nd whe<i>re</i>-so-eu<i>er</i>e +þ<i>o</i>u be to digne or to suppe,</p> +<p>Of gentilnes take salt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi knyf,</p> +<p><i>And</i> be weel waar þ<i>o</i>u blowe n<i>o</i>t i<i>n</i> þe +cuppe.</p> +<p>Reu<i>er</i>ence þi felawis; bigy<i>n</i>ne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +he<i>m</i> no strijf;</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_68" id="stans2_line_68">68</a></span> +<p>To þi power kepe pees al þi lijf.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Interrupt no man in his story.</span> +<p>Intrippe no ma<i>n</i> whe<i>re</i> so þat þou wende,</p> +<p>No man in his tale, til he haue maade an eende.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[Page 154.]</span> +<p class="stanza pilcrow"> +¶ W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi fyngris marke n<i>o</i>t þi tale;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Drink wine and ale in moderation.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_72" id="stans2_line_72">72</a></span> +<p>be weel avysid, & nameli in tendir age,</p> +<p>To dri<i>n</i>ke mesurabli boþe wiyn & ale.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t talk too much,</span> +<p>Be n<i>o</i>t to copiose of langage;</p> +<p>As tyme req<i>ui</i>riþ schewe out þi visage,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +but keep a middle course.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_76" id="stans2_line_76">76</a></span> +<p>To glad, ne to sory, b<i>u</i>t kepe þ<i>e</i>e euene bitwene</p> +<p>For los, or lucre, or ony case sodene.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Be gentle and tractable, but not too soft.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">B</span>e soft i<i>n</i> mesure, not hasti, but +treteable;</p> +<p>Ouer soft is nouȝt in no maner þing</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Children must not be revengeful;</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_80" id="stans2_line_80">80</a></span> +<p>To childre<i>n</i> longiþ not to be ve<i>n</i>geable,</p> +<p>Soone meued and soone fiȝtinge;</p> +<p>And as it is reme<i>m</i>brid bi writynge,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +their anger is appeased with a bit of apple.</span> +<p>wraþþe of childre<i>n</i> is ou<i>er</i>come soone,</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_84" id="stans2_line_84">84</a></span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe p<i>ar</i>tis of an appil be<i>n</i> made at +oon.</p> +<span class="pagenum">282</span> +<a name="page282" id="page282"> </a> +<!-- png 405 --> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Children’s quarrels are first play, then crying;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">I</span>n childre<i>n</i> werre is now mirþe +& now debate,</p> +<p>In her quarel is no violence,</p> +<p>now pleie, now wepi<i>n</i>ge, & seelde i<i>n</i> oon state;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t believe their complaints; give ’em the rod.</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_88" id="stans2_line_88">88</a></span> +<p>to her pleyntis ȝeue no credence;</p> +<p>A rodde reformeþ al her necligence;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Spare that, and you’ll spoil all.</span> +<p>in her corage no ranco<i>ur</i> dooþ abide,</p> +<p>who þ<i>a</i>t spariþ þe rodde all u<i>er</i>tues settiþ a-side.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza"> +[Page 155.]</span> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_92" id="stans2_line_92">92</a></span> +<p class="stanza"> +<span class="midcap">A</span>! litil balade, voide of eloquence,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Young children, pray take heed to my little ballad, which shall lead you +into all virtues.</span> +<p>I p<i>ra</i>ie ȝ<i>o</i>u ȝonge children þ<i>a</i>t þis schal se +& rede,</p> +<p>Þouȝ ȝe be copious of sentence,</p> +<p>Ȝit to þese clausis for to take hede</p> +<span class="linenum"><a name="stans2_line_96" id="stans2_line_96">96</a></span> +<p>Which al i<i>n</i>to v<i>er</i>tues schal ȝo<i>ur</i>e ȝouþe +lede.</p> +<p>In þis writynge, þouȝ þer be no date,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +My mistakes I submit to correction.</span> +<p>Yf ouȝt be mys i<i>n</i> word, sillable, or dede,</p> +<p>I submitte me to correcciou<i>n</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>oute ony +debate.</p> +</div> + +<p class="center space"> +<b>Thus eendith þe book of curteisie þ<i>a</i>t is clepid<br> +stans puer ad mensam.</b></p> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="stans_both" id="stans_both"> +<img src="images/page275header.png" width="250" height="35" +alt="Stans Puer ad Mensam." +title="Stans Puer ad Mensam."> +</a></p> + +<p class="mynote"> +Parallel texts: see note before <a href="#stans_left">first +version</a>. Text decorations have been omitted, and lines are numbered +by 7.</p> + +<table class="names smaller" summary="parallel texts"> + +<tr> +<td width="50%"> +<p>¶ [My dere childe, first thiself enable</p> +<p>With all thin herte to vertuous disciplyne</p> +<p>Afor thi soverayne standing at the table,</p> +<p>Dispose thi youth aftir my doctryne</p> +<p>To all norture thi corage to enclyne.</p> +<p>First when thu spekist be not rekles,</p> +<span class="linenum">7</span> +<p>Kepe feete and fingeris and handes still in pese.]</p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Mi dere sone, first þi silf able</p> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al þin herte to vertuose discipline,—</p> +<p>A-fore þi souereyn stondinge at þe table</p> +<p>Dispose þou þ<i>e</i>e aftir my doctryne—</p> +<p>To al nortur þi corage to encline.</p> +<p>First while þou spekist, be not richelees;</p> +<p>Kepe boþe fyngir and hond stille in pees;</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p><b>B</b>e symple of chiere, cast nat thyn ye aside,</p> +<p>Agenst the post lete nat thy bak abyde;</p> +<p>Gaase nat aboute, to<i>ur</i>nyng ou<i>er</i>all<i>e</i>;</p> +<p>Make nat thy myrro<i>ur</i> also of the wall<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Pyke nat thy nose, and in especiall<i>e</i></p> +<p>Be right wele ware, and sette hieron thi thought,</p> +<span class="linenum">14</span> +<p>By-fore thy sou<i>er</i>ayne cracche ne rubbe nought.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>B</b>e symple in cheer; caste not þi looke a-side,</p> +<p>gase not about, t<i>ur</i>nynge þi siȝt ou<i>er</i>al.</p> +<p>aȝen þe post lete not þi bak abide,</p> +<p>neiþ<i>er</i> make þi myrro<i>ur</i> also of þe wal.</p> +<p>Pike not pi nose; & moost in especial</p> +<p>be weel waar, sette her-on þi þouȝt,</p> +<p>to-fore þi sou<i>er</i>eyn cratche ne picke þ<i>e</i>e nouȝt.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ Who spekith<i>e</i> to the in any man<i>er</i> place,</p> +<p>Rudely cast nat thyn ye adowne,</p> +<p>But with a sadde chiere loke hym in the face;</p> +<p>Walke demurely by strete in the towne,</p> +<p>Advertise the with<i>e</i> wisdom and Reasoun<i>e</i>.</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> dissolute laughters do thow non offence</p> +<span class="linenum">21</span> +<p>To-fore thy sou<i>er</i>ayn, whiles he is in presence.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p>¶ Who-so speke to þ<i>e</i>e in ony man<i>er</i> place,</p> +<p>lu<i>m</i>pischli caste not þin heed a-dou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>but w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a sad cheer loke him in þe face.</p> +<p>walke demurely bi streetis in þe tou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>And take good hede bi wisdom & resou<i>n</i></p> +<p>þat bi no wantowne lauȝinge þ<i>o</i>u do noo<i>n</i> offence</p> +<p>To-fore þi sou<i>er</i>eyne while he is i<i>n</i> +p<i>re</i>sence.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ Pare clene thy nailes, thyn handes wassh<i>e</i> also</p> +<p>To-fore mete, and whan thow dooest arise;</p> +<p>Sitte in that place thow art assigned to;</p> +<p>Prease nat to hye in no man<i>er</i> wise;</p> +<p>And til thow se afore the thy service,</p> +<p>Be nat to hasty on brede for to byte,</p> +<span class="linenum">28</span> +<p>Of gredynesse lest men wolde the endwyte.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>P</b>are clene þi nailis; þi<i>n</i> hondis waische also</p> +<p>to-fore þi mete, [&] wha<i>n</i>ne þou doist arise.</p> +<p>sitte þ<i>o</i>u in þ<i>a</i>t place þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u art +a-signed to;</p> +<p>Prece not to hie in no maner wise;</p> +<p>And wha<i>n</i>ne þou seest afore þ<i>e</i>e þi seruice,</p> +<p>be not to hasti upon breed to bite</p> +<p>lest men þ<i>er</i>of Do þee edwite.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ Grennyng and mowes at the table eschowe;</p> +<p>Cry nat to lowde; kepe honestly silence;</p> +<p>To enboce thy Iowis with<i>e</i> mete is nat diewe;</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> ful mowth<i>e</i> speke nat, lest thow do offence;</p> +<p>Drynk nat bretheles for hast ne necligence;</p> +<p>Kepe clene thy lippes from fat of flessh<i>e</i> or +fissh<i>e</i>;</p> +<span class="linenum">35</span> +<p>Wype clene thi spone, leve it nat in thy dissh<i>e</i>.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>G</b>re<i>n</i>nynge & mowy<i>n</i>ge at þi table eschewe;</p> +<p>Crie not to lowde: honestli kepe silence.</p> +<p>To enbrace þi iowis w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> breed, it is not dewe;</p> +<p>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ful mouþ speke not lest þ<i>o</i>u do offence;</p> +<p>Drinke not bridelid for haste ne necligence;</p> +<p>Kepe clene þi lippis from fleisch & fische;</p> +<p>Wipe faire þi spoon; leue it not i<i>n</i> þi dische.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ Of brede I-byten no soppis that thow make;</p> +<p>In ale nor wyne with<i>e</i> hande leve no fattenes;</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> mowth<i>e</i> enbrewed thy cuppe thow nat take;</p> +<p>Enbrewe no napery for no rekelesnes;</p> +<p>For to souppe [loude] is agenst gentiles;</p> +<p>[N]eu<i>er</i> at mete begynne thow nat stryf;</p> +<span class="linenum">42</span> +<p>Thi teth<i>e</i> also thow pike nat with<i>e</i> no knyf.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>O</b>f breed w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi teeþ no soppis þou make;</p> +<p>Lowde for to soupe is aȝen gentilnes:</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mouþ enbrowide þi cuppe þ<i>o</i>u not take,</p> +<p>In ale ne i<i>n</i> wiyn w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hond leue no fatnes;</p> +<p>Defoule not þe naprie bi no richelesnes.</p> +<p>Be waar þ<i>a</i>t at þe mete þ<i>o</i>u bigy<i>n</i>ne no +striif;</p> +<p>Þi teeþ also at þe table picke w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no knyf.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ Of honest myrth<i>e</i> late be thy daliaunce;</p> +<p>Swere none othes, speke no ribawdrye;</p> +<p>The best morsel, have in remembraunce,</p> +<p>Hole to thyself alwey do nat applie;</p> +<p>Part with<i>e</i> thy felaw, for that is curtesie:</p> +<p>Laade nat thy trencho<i>ur</i> with<i>e</i> many remyssailes;</p> +<span class="linenum">49</span> +<p>And from blaknes alwey kepe thy nayles.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>O</b>f honest mirþe eu<i>er</i>e be þi daliaunce;</p> +<p>Swere noo<i>n</i> ooþis; speke no ribaudie.</p> +<p>Þe beste morsels,—haue þis i<i>n</i> +reme<i>m</i>brau<i>n</i>ce,—</p> +<p>Holli alwey þi silf to take do not applie.</p> +<p>P<i>ar</i>te w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi felawis, for þat is curteisie.</p> +<p>Lete not þi trencho<i>ur</i> be w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> many morsels;</p> +<p>And fro blaknes kepe weel þi nailis.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ Of curtesye also agenst the lawe,</p> +<p>With<i>e</i> sowne dishonest for to do offence;</p> +<p>Of old surfaytes abrayde nat thy felawe;</p> +<p>Toward thy sou<i>er</i>ayne alwey thyn aduertence;</p> +<p>Play with<i>e</i> no knyf, take heede to my sentence;</p> +<p>At mete and soupp<i>er</i> kepe the stille and soft;</p> +<span class="linenum">56</span> +<p>Eke to and fro meve nat thy foote to oft.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>O</b>f curtesie it is aȝen þe lawe,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> dishoneste, sone, for to do difence;</p> +<p>Of oolde forfetis vpbraide not þi felawe;</p> +<p>Towarde þi sou<i>er</i>eyn do eu<i>er</i>e reu<i>er</i>ence.</p> +<p>Pleie w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> no knif, take hede to my sentence;</p> +<p>At mete & at sop<i>er</i> kepe þee stille & softe,</p> +<p>And eek to & fro meeue not þi feeþ to ofte.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ Droppe nat thi brest with<i>e</i> sawce ne with<i>e</i> potage;</p> +<p>Brynge no knyves vnskoured to the table;</p> +<p>Fil nat thy spone, lest in the cariage</p> +<p>It went beside, whiche were nat comendable;</p> +<p>Be quyke and redy, meke and s<i>er</i>uisable,</p> +<p>Wele awaityng to fulfille anone</p> +<span class="linenum">63</span> +<p>What that thy sou<i>er</i>ayn<i>e</i> comav[<i>n</i>]dith<i>e</i> the +to be done.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>D</b>roppe n<i>o</i>t þi brest w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> seew & +oþ<i>er</i> potage,</p> +<p>Bri<i>n</i>ge no foule knyues vnto þe table;</p> +<p>Fille not þi spoon lest i<i>n</i> þe cariage</p> +<p>It scheede bi side, it were not co<i>m</i>mendable.</p> +<p>Be quik & redi, meke & seruiable,</p> +<p>Weel awaiti<i>n</i>ge to fulfille anoo<i>n</i></p> +<p>What þ<i>a</i>t þi sou<i>er</i>eyn co<i>m</i>maundiþ to be doon.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ And whereso eu<i>er</i> that thow dyne or soupe,</p> +<p>Of gentilesse take salt with<i>e</i> thy knyf;</p> +<p>And be wele ware thow blow nat in the cuppe.</p> +<p>Reu<i>er</i>ence thy felawe, gynne with<i>e</i> hym no stryf;</p> +<p>Be thy power<i>e</i> kepe pees al thy lyf.</p> +<p>Interrupt nat, where so thow wende,</p> +<span class="linenum">70</span> +<p>None other mans tale, til he have made an ende;</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>A</b>nd whe<i>re</i>-so-eu<i>er</i>e þ<i>o</i>u be to digne or to +suppe,</p> +<p>Of gentilnes take salt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi knyf,</p> +<p><i>And</i> be weel waar þ<i>o</i>u blowe n<i>o</i>t i<i>n</i> þe +cuppe.</p> +<p>Reu<i>er</i>ence þi felawis; bigy<i>n</i>ne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +he<i>m</i> no strijf;</p> +<p>To þi power kepe pees al þi lijf.</p> +<p>Intrippe no ma<i>n</i> whe<i>re</i> so þat þou wende,</p> +<p>No man in his tale, til he haue maade an eende.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ With<i>e</i> thy fyngres make thow nat thy tale;</p> +<p>Be wele avised, namly in tendre age,</p> +<p>To drynk by mesure both<i>e</i> wyne and ale;</p> +<p>Be nat copious also of langage;</p> +<p>As tyme requyrith<i>e</i>, shewe out thy visage,</p> +<p>To gladde ne to sory, but kepe atwene tweyne,</p> +<span class="linenum">77</span> +<p>For losse or lucre or any case sodayne.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p>¶ W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þi fyngris marke n<i>o</i>t þi tale;</p> +<p>be weel avysid, & nameli in tendir age,</p> +<p>To dri<i>n</i>ke mesurabli boþe wiyn & ale.</p> +<p>Be n<i>o</i>t to copiose of langage;</p> +<p>As tyme req<i>ui</i>riþ schewe out þi visage,</p> +<p>To glad, ne to sory, b<i>u</i>t kepe þ<i>e</i>e euene bitwene</p> +<p>For los, or lucre, or ony case sodene.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ Be meke in mesure, nat hasti, but tretable;</p> +<p>Ou<i>er</i> moche is nat worth<i>e</i> in no man<i>er</i> thyng;</p> +<p>To children it longith<i>e</i> nat to be [vengeable,]</p> +<p>Sone meeved and sone forgyvyng;</p> +<p>And as it is remembrid bi writyng,</p> +<p>Wrath<i>e</i> of children is sone ou<i>er</i>gone,</p> +<span class="linenum">84</span> +<p>With<i>e</i> an apple the p<i>ar</i>ties be made atone.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>B</b>e soft i<i>n</i> mesure, not hasti, but treteable;</p> +<p>Ouer soft is nouȝt in no maner þing</p> +<p>To childre<i>n</i> longiþ not to be ve<i>n</i>geable,</p> +<p>Soone meued and soone fiȝtinge;</p> +<p>And as it is reme<i>m</i>brid bi writynge,</p> +<p>wraþþe of childre<i>n</i> is ou<i>er</i>come soone,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe p<i>ar</i>tis of an appil be<i>n</i> made at +oon.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ In children werre now myrth<i>e</i> and now debate,</p> +<p>In theyr quarel no grete violence;</p> +<p>Now pley, now wepyng, sielde in one estate;</p> +<p>To theyr playntes gyve no credence;</p> +<p>A Rodde refo<i>ur</i>myth<i>e</i> al theyr insolence;</p> +<p>In theyr corage no Ranco<i>ur</i> doth<i>e</i> abyde;</p> +<span class="linenum">91</span> +<p>Who sparith<i>e</i> the yerd, al vertu set aside.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>I</b>n childre<i>n</i> werre is now mirþe & now debate,</p> +<p>In her quarel is no violence,</p> +<p>now pleie, now wepi<i>n</i>ge, & seelde i<i>n</i> oon state;</p> +<p>to her pleyntis ȝeue no credence;</p> +<p>A rodde reformeþ al her necligence;</p> +<p>in her corage no ranco<i>ur</i> dooþ abide,</p> +<p>who þ<i>a</i>t spariþ þe rodde all u<i>er</i>tues settiþ a-side.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p class="center">LENVOYE.</p> +</td> +<td> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<p>¶ Go, litel bille, bareyn of eloquence,</p> +<p>Pray yonge children that the shal see or Reede,</p> +<p>Though<i>e</i> thow be compendious of sentence,</p> +<p>Of thi clauses for to taken heede,</p> +<p>Whiche to al vertu shal theyr yowth<i>e</i> leede.</p> +<p>Of the writyng, though<i>e</i> ther be no date,</p> +<p>If ought be mysse,—worde, sillable, or dede,—</p> +<span class="linenum">99</span> +<p>Put al the defaute vpon Iohn<i>e</i> Lydegate.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p><b>A</b>! litil balade, voide of eloquence,</p> +<p>I p<i>ra</i>ie ȝ<i>o</i>u ȝonge children þ<i>a</i>t þis schal se +& rede,</p> +<p>Þouȝ ȝe be copious of sentence,</p> +<p>Ȝit to þese clausis for to take hede</p> +<p>Which al i<i>n</i>to v<i>er</i>tues schal ȝo<i>ur</i>e ȝouþe +lede.</p> +<p>In þis writynge, þouȝ þer be no date,</p> +<p>Yf ouȝt be mys i<i>n</i> word, sillable, or dede,</p> +<p>I submitte me to correcciou<i>n</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>oute ony +debate.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<p class="mynote"> +The <a href="#curtasye_notes">notes to the Book of Curtasye</a> were +originally printed here (pages 283-285). They have been moved to +accompany that book, between pages 206 and 207.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div maintext --> + +<hr> +<hr> + +<div class="contents"> + +<h4>Contents</h4> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr><td> +<p><a href="#main_contents">Full Table of Contents</a></p> +<p><a href="#eets_general">Preface</a></p> +<p><a href="#nurturepic">The Boke of Nurture</a></p> +<p><a href="#page147">Shorter Selections</a></p> +</td></tr> +<tr class="space"> +<td> +<p><a href="#index_poems"><b>General Index</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page286">286</a></td> +</tr> +<tr class="space"> +<td>POSTSCRIPT:</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#serve"><b>To Serve a Lord</b></a> +and <a href="#feste"><b>A Feste for a Bride</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number nobreak"><a href="#page349">349</a>, +<a href="#page358">358</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#suffer"><b>Suffer, and hold your tongue</b></a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page361">361</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#houshold"><b>The Houshold Stuff</b></a> occupied at the +Lord Mayor’s Feast, <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1505</p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page362">362</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#ordre"><b>The Ordre of goyng or sittyng</b></a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page365">365</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#graces"><b>Latin Graces</b></a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page366">366</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#symons"><b><span class="smallcaps">Symon’s</span> +Lesson of Wysedome for all maner Chyldryn</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page381">381</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#birched"><b>The Birched School-Boy of about 1500 <span +class="smallroman">A.D.</span></b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page385">385</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#christmas"><b>The Song of the School-Boy at +Christmas</b></a></p> +</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page387">387</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<a href="#boars_head"><b>The Boar’s Head</b></a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page388">388</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p><a href="#sidenotes">Collected Sidenotes</a></p> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +</div> + +<!-- png 409 --> + +<h3><a name="index_poems" id="index_poems">INDEX.</a></h3> + +<div class="mynote"> +<p>All links in this section are external. Where possible, links lead +directly to the word referenced. At a minimum, prose selections are +broken into blocks of a half-page or less, and verse lines go by +multiples of 4. Line numbers in prose are not used. Footnote +numbers are left as printed, so the number used in the e-text will +generally be different. References in the form “line B” are to the +“ABC“ selections, <i>Lerne or be Lewde</i> and <i>Aristotle</i>, pages +258-261.</p> + +<p>In the Index, words in I and J are treated together, while U and V +are separately listed. Most words in yogh ȝ are alphabetized as Y.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<a href="#letterA">A</a> +<a href="#letterB">B</a> +<a href="#letterC">C</a> +<a href="#letterD">D</a> +<a href="#letterE">E</a> +<a href="#letterF">F</a> +<a href="#letterG">G</a> +<a href="#letterH">H</a> +<a href="#letterI">I</a> +<a href="#letterK">K</a> +<a href="#letterL">L</a> +<a href="#letterM">M</a> <br> +<a href="#letterN">N</a> +<a href="#letterO">O</a> +<a href="#letterP">P</a> +<a href="#letterQ">Q</a> +<a href="#letterR">R</a> +<a href="#letterS">S</a> +<a href="#letterT">T</a> +<a href="#letterU">U</a> +<a href="#letterV">V</a> +<a href="#letterW">W</a> +<a href="#letterY">Y</a> +<a href="#letterZ">Z</a> +</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">286</span> +<a name="page286" id="page286"> </a> +<!-- png 410 --> + +<h4>INDEX.</h4> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p class="smaller"> +To save the <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘repitition’">repetition</ins> of <i>p.</i> and <i>l.</i> for +<i>page</i> and <i>line</i>, I have adopted Mr Morris’s plan, in his +Chaucer Glossary, of putting a / between the numbers of the page and +line, so that 5 / 115 stands for page 5, line 115. Where no line is +named, then <i>p.</i> for <i>page</i> is prefixed. The French references +are to Cotgrave, except where otherwise specified. The Index, though +long, does not pretend to completeness. The explanations of words given +in the notes to the text are not repeated here.</p> + +<div class="pageindex"> + +<a name="letterA" id="letterA"> </a> + +<p>Abbots of Westminster & Tintern not to sit together, <a href="#nurture_line_1140">76/1141-4</a>.</p> + +<p>Abbot with a mitre, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1013</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_1048">72/1051</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +without one, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">l. 1015</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1056">72/1059</a>.</p> + +<p>A B C of Aristotle, <a href="#abc">p. 260, p. <ins +class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘258’">261</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>A bofe, <a href="#gross_vi">216/9</a>, above.</p> + +<p>Abrayde, <a href="#stans1_line_52">277/52</a>, +upbraid.</p> + +<p>Abremon, a fish, <a href="#fish_capI">p. 113</a>.</p> + +<p>A-brode, <a href="#nurture_line_904">62/906</a>, spread +open.</p> + +<p>Abstinence, <a href="#nurture_line_108">8/108</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/6</a>.</p> + +<p>Abylle, <a href="#lyt_line_44">267/44</a>, fit, +convenient, beseeming; L. <i>habilis</i>, suitable, fit.</p> + +<p>Accounts, yearly, taken to the Auditor, <a href="#curt_line_588">196/590</a>.</p> + +<p>Achatis, <a href="#curt_line_552">201/555</a>, +purchases. Fr. <i>achet</i>, a bargaine, or purchase. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Addes, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/11</a>, adze.</p> + +<p>Aduertence, p. 277, attention, respect, reverence.</p> + +<p>Affeccion, <a href="#nurture_line_760">52/763</a>, +disposition.</p> + +<p>After-dinner nap, <a href="#nurture_line_944">65/947-54</a>, to be taken standing +against a cupboard, <a href="#borde">p. 128</a>.</p> + +<p>Ages of man, the four, <a href="#nurture_sutiltee">p. +53</a>, +<a href="#nurture_linenote_788">p. 104</a>.</p> + +<p>Ahuna, a monster of the sea, <a href="#fish_capXI">p. +114</a>.</p> + +<p>Alay, <a href="#nurture_line_232">16/232</a>, +temper.</p> + +<p>Alaye, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Aldermen, the old, rank above the young, <a href="#nurture_line_1156">77/1157</a>.</p> + +<p>Ale; is to be 5 days old, <a href="#nurture_line_176">12/178</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_178">p. 92</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_ypocras">154/19</a>. Fr. <i>Gutale</i> +ou <i>Guttale</i>. Ale, good Ale. Cot.</p> + +<p>Ale or wine, the sauce for capons, <a href="#nurture_line_408">26/411</a>.</p> + +<p>Algate, <a href="#nurture_line_400">26/400</a>, +always.</p> + +<p>Aliene, <a href="#nurture_line_1108">75/1109</a>, +foreigners.</p> + +<p>Alle, <a href="#gross_ix">p. 216, No. ix</a>. hall.</p> + +<p>Allhallows Day, fires in hall begin on, <a href="#curt_line_392">189/393</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">287</span> +<a name="page287" id="page287"> </a> +<!-- png 411 --> + +<p>Allhallowsday, <a href="#curt_line_836">205/837</a>.</p> + +<p>Alloft, <a href="#nurture_line_996">69/996</a>, above, +over the vessel of herbs.</p> + +<p>Almandes, <a href="#nurture_line_72">5/74</a>, +almonds.</p> + +<p>Almond, <a href="#nurture_line_624">44/625</a>, a +whelk’s operculum.</p> + +<p>Almonds, good against sour food, <a href="#nurture_line_100">8/102</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +eat it with raw fruit, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/1</a>.</p> + +<p>Almond, iardyne, cream of, <a href="#nurture_line_744">52/744</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +cream and milk of, <a href="#nurture_line_520">35/520</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +cream of, <a href="#nurture_line_704">49/705</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_824">56/825</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/8</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_crab">p. 167</a>, last line.</p> + +<p>Almoner, his duties, <a href="#curt_line_728">201/729</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to remove a towel, <a href="#curt_line_812">204/814</a>.</p> + +<p>Alms to be given to the poor, <a href="#gross_viii">p. +216, No. viii</a>.</p> + +<p>Alms-dish, <a href="#nurture_line_344">23/346</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_684">200/687</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_728">201/730</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +loaf for, <a href="#curt_line_728">202/731</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +it has the leavings in the lord’s cup, <a href="#curt_line_784">203/787</a>, and a piece of everything he +is served with, <a href="#curt_line_796">204/799</a>. See +John Fitz Roberts’s account for altering and ornamenting an almsdish for +Hen. VI., that belonged to the <i>Duk d’Excestre</i>, in Rymer X. 388, +col. 1.</p> + +<p>Aloes epatick, <a href="#vaughan_7">135/12</a>; Fr. +<i>hepatique</i>, Liuer-helping; comforting a whole, or curing a +diseased, liuer. Cot.</p> + +<p>Als, <a href="#curt_line_596">197/599</a>, also.</p> + +<p>Altar, minister at the high, with both hands, <a href="#curt_line_164">182/167</a>.</p> + +<p>Alycaunt, <a href="#nurture_linenote_118">p. 86</a>, +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_6">p. 89</a>, a wine.</p> + +<p>Amber, <a href="#harington_business">141/3</a>; +<i>adj.</i> <a href="#nurture_line_696">49/699</a>.</p> + +<p>Amberdegrece, <a href="#borde_apparel">132/9</a>, a +scent.</p> + +<p>Angel and 3 Shepherds, device of, <a href="#nurture_line_700">49/702</a>.</p> + +<p>Anger, avoid, <a href="#vert_line_764">236/764</a>.</p> + +<p>Anhonest, <a href="#curt_line_96">180/96</a>, +unmannerly, improper; <a href="#curt_line_124">180/124</a>, unpolite.</p> + +<p>Annaunciande, <a href="#curt_line_704">201/705</a>, +announcing, who announces guests?</p> + +<p>Answer sensibly, <a href="#bab_line_68">252/71</a>.</p> + +<p>Answer, servants mustn’t, <a href="#gross_i">215/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Ape tied with a clog, <a href="#curt_line_108">180/108</a>.</p> + +<p>Apparel, rules for, <a href="#dem_line_156">214/159</a>, &c.</p> + +<p>Apple fritter, <a href="#nurture_line_500">33/502</a>, +&c.</p> + +<p>Apple, a raw, cures indigestion, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/5</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +and the fumes of drink, <a href="#nurture_line_104">8/105</a>.</p> + +<p>Apples, <a href="#nurture_line_756">52/757</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_812">55/813</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/19</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“The dyvell choke hym, he hath eaten all the <i>appels</i> alone.” +Palsgrave, p. 484, col. 2.</p> + +<p>Apples and pears roasted, 164/17, &c.</p> + +<p class="notation"> +Citation could not be identified. Roast apples and pears are mentioned +together at <a href="#nurture_line_80">6/80</a> and +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/26</a>.</p> + +<p>Apprentise of lawe, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1068">73/1070</a>.</p> + +<p>Apprentices, thievish, hanging good for, <a href="#weed_hempe">p. 125</a>.</p> + +<p>Apys mow, <a href="#curt_line_56">179/59</a>; apes +grimace.</p> + +<p><i>Aquarius</i>, <a href="#curtasye_ewerer">p. 199</a>, +the Ewerer or Water-bearer.</p> + +<p>Aquetons, <a href="#curt_line_596">197/597</a>, +acquittance.</p> + +<p>Ar, <a href="#curt_line_708">201/710</a>, before.</p> + +<p>Archbishop, <a href="#nurture_line_1044">72/1047</a>.</p> + +<p>Archbishop ranks with a prince, <a href="#nurture_line_1008">70/1010</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +is to dine alone, <a href="#keruyng_marshal">171/4</a>.</p> + +<p>Archdeacon, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1016">70/1016</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1060">72/1060</a>.</p> + +<p>Areche, <a href="#nurture_line_288">19/290</a>, +retch?</p> + +<p>Areise, <a href="#nurture_line_608">43/609</a>, tear +off?</p> + +<p>Arere, <a href="#nurture_line_404">26/407</a>, cut.</p> + +<p>Areyse, <a href="#nurture_line_416">27/418, 425</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_428">28/429</a>, &c.; tear or +cut off.</p> + +<p><i>Aristotle’s A B C</i>, <a href="#abc">p. 260, p. +<ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘258’">261</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Arm, don’t claw it, <a href="#curt_line_328">193/329</a>.</p> + +<p>Armes, servauntes of, <a href="#keruyng_sew_table">156/28</a>, ? in livery, or +men-at-arms.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">288</span> +<a name="page288" id="page288"> </a> +<!-- png 412 --> + +<p>Artificers, rich; rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1036">71/1037</a>.</p> + +<p>Asche, <a href="#nurture_line_640">45/643</a>, ask.</p> + +<p>Ashore, <a href="#nurture_line_68">5/71</a>, slantwise, +aslope; <a href="#nurture_line_296">20/299</a>, +astraddle.</p> + +<p>Asise, <a href="#nurture_line_876">60/879</a>, way, +manner.</p> + +<p>Aslout, <a href="#nurture_line_560">39/560</a>; +aslant.</p> + +<p>Aspidochelon, a great whale-fisshe, <a href="#fish_capV">p. 114</a>.</p> + +<p>Assaying bread, by the panter, <a href="#curt_line_688">200/691</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +water, <a href="#curt_line_700">201/702</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +meat, by the sewer, <a href="#curt_line_764">202/764</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Credence, and Tasting.</p> + +<p>Asseles, <a href="#curt_line_564">196/566</a>, sets the +lord’s seal to.</p> + +<p>Astate, <a href="#curt_line_276">185/276</a>; rank.</p> + +<p>At, <a href="#bab_line_180">256/182</a>, with; <a href="#curt_line_240">184/242</a>, that.</p> + +<p>Aþer, <a href="#curt_line_688">200/689</a>, either, +each.</p> + +<p>Attend at school, <a href="#dem_line_20">209/21</a>.</p> + +<p>Attirling, 287/41, shrew; A.S. <i>Attor</i>, <i>Ater</i>, poison.</p> + +<p>Atwytynge, <a href="#nurture_line_272">18/274</a>, +twitting, blaming others.</p> + +<p>Audibly, speak, <a href="#vert_line_684">235/687</a>.</p> + +<p>Auditor, the lord’s, all officers to account to, once a year, <a href="#curt_line_584">196/587-94</a>.</p> + +<p>Aunterose, <a href="#abc_a">p. 260</a>, l. A, +venturesome.</p> + +<p>Aurata (a fish), <a href="#fish_capVa">p. 114</a>.</p> + +<p>Autumn, the device of, <a href="#nurture_line_764">53/766</a>; +<a href="#nurture_sutiltee">p. 54</a>.</p> + +<p>Ave, <a href="#nurture_line_692">48/692</a>.</p> + +<p>Ave-Maria, <a href="#curt_line_144">181/147</a>.</p> + +<p>Aveyner, his duties, <a href="#curtasye_avener">p. +197</a>.</p> + +<p>Avise, <a href="#nurture_line_524">35/525</a>, opinion, +learning.</p> + +<p>Awoydes, <a href="#curt_line_820">204/821</a>, removes, +puts off.</p> + +<p>Ayselle, <a href="#nurture_line_596">42/596</a>, a kind +of vinegar.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterB" id="letterB" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Baase (the fish), <a href="#nurture_line_840">58/842</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Base.</p> + +<p>Babulle, <a href="#nurture_line_12">1/12</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Au fol la marotte. Prov.</p> +<p class="inset"> +We say also, Giue the foole his <i>bable</i>; or what’s a foole without +a <i>bable</i>? Cotgrave, under <i>fol.</i></p> + +<p>Back; turn it on no one, <a href="#bab_line_88">253/90</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not on him you give a cup to, <a href="#curt_line_120">180/121</a>.</p> + +<p>Backbite no man, <a href="#young_line_96">272/99</a>.</p> + +<p>Bacon and peas, <a href="#nurture_line_796">54/797</a>.</p> + +<p>Bailiffs of a city, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1032">71/1033</a>.</p> + +<p>Bailiffs of farms, &c., to be talked to pleasantly, <a href="#gross_xvi">p. 218, No. xvi</a>.</p> + +<p>Baked herrings with sugar, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/7</a>.</p> + +<p>Bakemete, <a href="#nurture_line_800">54/802</a>, +meat-pie.</p> + +<p>Bake metes, <a href="#nurture_line_476">30/476-7</a>, +game pies, &c.;</p> +<p class="inset"> +? sweet pies, <a href="#nurture_line_808">54/809</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh">159/19</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how assayed, <a href="#curt_line_768">203/771-6</a>.</p> + +<p>Baker, gets money from the treasurer, <a href="#curt_line_580">196/582</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +his duties, <a href="#curtasye_baker">198/623-28</a>.</p> + +<p>Bakes, <a href="#curt_line_60">179/60</a>, as +<i>bokes</i>, bulges, stuffs.</p> + +<p>Balena, a whale or mermaid, pp. <a href="#fish_capXIIII">115</a>, +<a href="#fish_note_2">123</a>, +<a href="#fish_capLXIIII">119</a>, last line.</p> + +<p>Banker, <a href="#nurture_line_924">63/924</a>, cloth +to cover a bench.</p> + +<p>Barbe, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, cut up.</p> + +<p>Barme, <a href="#nurture_line_888">61/891</a>, +bosom.</p> + +<p>Barnard’s blowe, <a href="#weed_dice">p. 126</a>, a +secret blow by a highwayman.</p> + +<p>Baron, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1013</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_1048">72/1051</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +of the Exchequer, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1014</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1060">72/1061</a>.</p> + +<p>Baron of the Exchequer, appeal lies to, from an Auditor, <a href="#curt_line_592">196/594</a>.</p> + +<p>Base, the fish, <a href="#nurture_line_732">51/735</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/13</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/6</a>.</p> + +<p>Bason, <a href="#nurture_line_924">63/926</a>, washing +basin.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">289</span> +<a name="page289" id="page289"> </a> +<!-- png 413 --> + +<p>Basshe, <a href="#nurture_line_644">45/645</a>, be +abashed, ashamed.</p> + +<p>Bastard, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/119</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_6">89/7</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_wines">153/20</a>; a sweet wine.</p> + +<p>Bate, <a href="#curt_line_188">182/188</a>, +quarrelling.</p> + +<p>Bath, how to make one, <a href="#nurture_bath">p. +66-7</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +a medicated one, <a href="#nurture_medicinable">p. +67-9</a>.</p> + +<p>Bayle, <a href="#curt_line_576">196/576</a>, +bailiff.</p> + +<p>Bearer of meat to stand or kneel as the sewer does, <a href="#curt_line_776">203/777</a>.</p> + +<p>Beastlynes, <a href="#vert_line_460">232/460</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +nasty practise, t.i., gnawing bones.</p> + +<p>Beaver, considered as a fish, <a href="#nurture_line_544">37/547</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“The beuer, whose hinder feet and taile onlie are supposed to be fish. +Certes the taile of this beast is like vnto a thin whetstone, as the +bodie vnto a monsterous rat.... It is also reported that their said +tailes are a delicate fish.” Harrison, <i>Desc. Brit.</i>, i. 225, +col. 2.</p> +<p class="inset"> +See Giraldus Cambrensis, <i>Works</i>, vol. v. p. 59, ed. +1867.</p> + +<p>Beckoning, don’t use it, <a href="#curt_line_248">184/249</a>.</p> + +<p>Bed, how to undress a lord for, <a href="#nurture_bed">p. 65-6</a>.</p> + +<p>Bed and Bedroom, how to air and prepare, <a href="#nurture_line_916">63/919-30</a>.</p> + +<p>Bed, offer your bed-fellow his choice of place in, <a href="#curt_line_292">185/293</a>.</p> + +<p>Bed, prayer on going to, <a href="#vert_line_988">240/987-8</a>.</p> + +<p>Bedchamber, how to prepare your master’s, pp. <a href="#nurture_line_916">63</a>, +<a href="#nurture_bed">65</a>.</p> + +<p>Bedchamber door, lights stuck on, <a href="#curt_line_508">193/509</a>.</p> + +<p>Bedes, for church service, <a href="#nurture_line_916">63/918</a>.</p> + +<p>Bedrooms, don’t sleep in ratty ones, or those deprived of sun, +<a href="#borde_sun">p. 132</a>.</p> + +<p>Beds of straw, &c., to be 9 ft. long and 7 ft. broad, <a href="#curt_line_436">191/436-7</a>.</p> + +<p>Beef, <a href="#nurture_line_516">34/517</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_688">48/688</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_799">p. 105</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +powdered, <a href="#nurture_linenote_694">p. 102, note to +l. 694</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +stewed, <a href="#nurture_line_796">54/798</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_392">25/393</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“Touchyng the <i>befe</i>: I do estymate him of nature melancolyke, and +engendre and produce grosse blode well norisshyng folkes robustes and of +stronge complexion, whiche occupy them in great busynesse and +payne.”—<i>Du Guez’s Introductorie</i>, p. 1071.</p> + +<p>Behight, <a href="#nurture_line_604">41/605</a>, +direct.</p> + +<p>Behoveable, <a href="#nurture_line_804">54/804</a>, +necessary.</p> + +<p>Belch not, <a href="#curt_line_112">178/113</a>.</p> + +<p>Believe fair words, don’t, <a href="#curt_line_204">183/205</a>.</p> + +<p>Bengwine, <a href="#vaughan_6">p. 134</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Benjoin</i>, the aromaticall gumme called Benjamin or Benzoin. +Cot.</p> + +<p>Benym, <a href="#nurture_line_368">24/368</a>, +deprive.</p> + +<p>Be-sene, <a href="#nurture_line_316">21/318</a>, +become, suit.</p> + +<p>Bete, <a href="#nurture_line_928">63/930</a>, feed, +nourish.</p> + +<p>Bete, <a href="#nurture_line_988">67/990</a>, remedy, +cure.</p> + +<p>Betowre, <a href="#nurture_line_540">37/541</a>, the +bittern, q.v.; <a href="#nurture_line_696">49/696</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_420">27/421</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_quail">p. 162</a>.</p> + +<p>Better, give place to your, <a href="#bab_line_88">253/89</a>.</p> + +<p>Bilgres, <a href="#nurture_line_992">69/994</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +bugloss? <a href="#nurture_linenote_995">p. 110</a>.</p> + +<p>Birds, how to carve, pp. <a href="#nurture_line_396">25-8</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_468">30-1</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">161-62</a>.</p> + +<p>Birth to be looked to first, <a href="#nurture_line_1104">74/1105</a>.</p> + +<p>Bishop, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1012</a>.</p> + +<p>Bisketes, <a href="#vert_line_388">231/389</a>, +biscuits.</p> + +<p>Bite not thy bread, <a href="#curt_line_48">178/49</a>.</p> + +<p>Bithe, <a href="#nurture_line_676">47/678</a>, are.</p> + +<p>Biting your lips is bad, <a href="#curt_line_88">178/89</a>.</p> + +<p>Bittern, to unjoint or carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. 162</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/1</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Betowre.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">290</span> +<a name="page290" id="page290"> </a> +<!-- png 414 --> + +<p>Blaknes, <a href="#stans2_line_48">278</a>, +<a href="#stans1_line_48">277/49</a>, black dirt.</p> + +<p>Blamanger and Blanchmanger, <a href="#nurture_linenote_694">p. 101</a>, bottom.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Blanger mangere and Blaunche manger.</p> + +<p>Blandrelles, <a href="#keruyng_service">157/10</a>, +white apples.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Blaundrelles.</p> + +<p>Blanger mangere, <a href="#nurture_line_692">49/693</a>.</p> + +<p>Blanked, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/23</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Blanket.</p> + +<p>Blanket, <a href="#nurture_line_932">64/935</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>blanchet.</i> A blanket for a bed; also, white woollen cloth.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Cot. Is to be kept in the privy.</p> + +<p>Blasting, <a href="#nurture_line_304">20/304</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +cp. Fr. <i>Petarrade</i>: f. Gunshot of farting. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Blaunche manger, <a href="#keruyng_service">157/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Blaunche powder, <a href="#nurture_note_22">6/80, +note</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_80">p. 85</a>, +<a href="#nurture_note_37">p. 10, note 3</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/26</a>.</p> + +<p>Blaunderelle, <a href="#nurture_line_712">50/714</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Blawnderelles, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/79</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_79">p. 85</a>, white +apples.</p> + +<p>Blaynshe powder, <a href="#nurture_note_37">p. 10, note +3</a>.</p> + +<p>Blow and puff not, <a href="#nurture_line_300">20/303</a>.</p> + +<p>Blow not like a broken-winded horse, <a href="#dem_line_52">210/53</a>.</p> + +<p>Blow, don’t, on your food to cool it, <a href="#curt_line_108">180/111</a>.</p> + +<p>Blood Royal, Babees of, <i>The Babees Book</i>, addressed to, <a href="#bab_line_12">250/15</a>.</p> + +<p>Blood Royal ranks above property, <a href="#nurture_line_1092">74/1094</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_marshal">171/16</a>.</p> + +<p>Blush or change colour, don’t, <a href="#curt_line_336">187/337</a>.</p> + +<p>Blysse, <a href="#young_line_12">266/12</a>, 23, make +the sign of the cross on or over.</p> + +<p>Blythe, <a href="#curt_line_44">178/47</a>, joy? = (in) +faith.</p> + +<p>Boar pasty, <a href="#nurture_line_488">31/489</a>.</p> + +<p>Boar, <a href="#nurture_line_684">48/686</a>.</p> + +<p>Boards of the privy to be covered with green cloth, <a href="#nurture_line_932">63/932</a>.</p> + +<p>Body to be kept upright, <a href="#vert_line_676">235/676</a>.</p> + +<p>Bof, <a href="#curt_line_748">202/750</a>,</p> +<p class="inset"> +? not “<i>boeuf</i>, an ox, a beefe,” Cot.; but <i>a-bof</i> (dishes), +above, up.</p> + +<p>Boke, the, <a href="#curt_line_260">185/261</a>.</p> + +<p>Bold, don’t be too, <a href="#lerne">p. 258</a>, +<a href="#abc_a">p. 260</a>, l. B.</p> + +<p>Bolde, <a href="#curt_line_452">192/454</a>, +finely?</p> + +<p>Bole Armoniake, <a href="#vaughan_6">p. 134</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Armoniac</i>, a gumme spring from the Cyrenian <i>Ferula</i> or +<i>Fennell-giant</i>.</p> + +<p>Bolkynge, <a href="#nurture_line_296">19/298</a>, +belching.</p> +<p class="inset"> +A.S. <i>bealcian</i>, to belch; to bolke belche, <i>roucter</i>. +Palsgrave.</p> + +<p>Bombace, <a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>, +cotton; cp. bombast.</p> + +<p>Boner, <a href="#curt_line_188">183/191</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>bonaire</i>, gentle, courteous, affable. Cot.</p> + +<p>Bones not to be thrown on the floor, <a href="#lyt_line_76">269/79</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be put into voyders, <a href="#vert_line_356">230/358</a>.</p> + +<p>Bonet, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/29</a>, +nightcap.</p> + +<p>Book, stick to it well, <a href="#vert_line_168">227/168</a>.</p> + +<p>Boorde, <a href="#abc_a">p. 260</a>, l. B, joke, +play.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“To <i>bourde</i> or iape with one in sporte, <i>truffler</i>, +<i>border</i>, <i>iouncher</i>.” Palsgrave.</p> + +<p>Boorde, bourde, <a href="#lerne">p. 258</a>, +<a href="#abc_a">p. 260</a>, l. B;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>bourder</i>, to toy, trifle, dally; bourd or ieast with. Cot.</p> + +<p>Borbotha, a slippery fish, <a href="#fish_capXIII">p. +115</a>.</p> + +<p>Borclothe, <a href="#nurture_line_468">30/468</a>, +table-cloth.</p> + +<p>Bordclothe, <a href="#nurture_line_60">4/62</a>, +table-cloth.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“The table clothes and towelles shoulde be chaunged twyes every weeke at +the leste; more if neede require.” H. Ord. p. 85.</p> + +<p>Borde, <a href="#curt_line_28">178/31</a>, table.</p> + +<p>Borde, Andrew, extracts from, pp. <a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_6">89</a>, +<a href="#nurture_linenote_178">91</a>, &c.;</p> +<p class="inset"> +on <i>Sleep, Rising, and Dress</i>, <a href="#borde">p. +128-32</a>.</p> + +<p>Border, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Botery, <a href="#nurture_line_176">12/176-7</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">291</span> +<a name="page291" id="page291"> </a> +<!-- png 415 --> + +<p>Botre, <a href="#curt_line_488">193/489</a>, +buttery.</p> + +<p>Bouȝt, <a href="#nurture_line_188">13/188</a>, +<a href="#nurture_note_44">189<i>n</i></a>, +<a href="#nurture_tag_44">191</a>, fold; <a href="#young_line_24">268/27</a>, 29; <a href="#lyt_line_16">269/17</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘<i>Mal feru</i>, A malander in the <i>bought</i> of a horse’s knee.’ +Cot.</p> + +<p>Bow when you answer, <a href="#bab_line_80">253/83</a>.</p> + +<p>Boxyng, <a href="#neckeweede">p. 124</a>, smacking the +face.</p> + +<p>Boys to walk two and two from school, not hooping and hallooing, +<a href="#vert_line_236">228/238-264</a>.</p> + +<p>Boystous, <a href="#bab_line_192">257/195</a>, +rude;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Boystows, <i>rudis</i>. Prompt.</p> + +<p>Boystousnesse, <a href="#bab_line_180">256/182</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Ruditas.</i> Prompt.</p> + +<p>Brade, <a href="#curt_line_664">199/666</a>, broad.</p> + +<p>Bragot, <a href="#nurture_line_816">55/817</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_811a">p. 107</a>.</p> + +<p>Brandrels, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/24</a>, +blaundrels, white apples.</p> + +<p>Brawn of boar, <a href="#nurture_line_684">48/686</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_796">54/796</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +this was the first dish at dinner in Harrison’s time, 1577-87; see his +<i>Description</i> of Britain, bk. iii, ch. 1 (N. Sh. Soc.). +<span class="notation">Reference added by editor.</span></p> + +<p>Brawn of a capon, <a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">163/27</a>.</p> + +<p>Brawn, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_376">24/378</a>; pp. <a href="#nurture_linenote_378">94</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_sew_table">156</a>.</p> + +<p>Brayd, at a, <a href="#nurture_line_224">15/226</a>, +sharply, quickly.</p> + +<p>Brayde, <a href="#nurture_line_188">13/188</a>, +instant, same time.</p> + +<p>Brayde, <a href="#nurture_line_144">11/146</a>, start, +slip.</p> + +<p>Brayde, at a, <a href="#curt_line_676">200/678</a>, +quickly.</p> + +<p>Bread to be cut, not broken, <a href="#bab_line_140">255/141</a>; +<a href="#lyt_line_24">267/24</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +at dinner to be cut in two, <a href="#curt_line_32">178/35</a>.</p> + +<p>Bread, how to chop, <a href="#nurture_line_48">p. +4</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how assayed, <a href="#curt_line_688">200/691-2</a>.</p> + +<p>Bread and cheese, <a href="#nurture_line_812">55/815</a>.</p> + +<p>Break your bread, <a href="#curt_line_48">178/51</a>.</p> + +<p>Break not wind, <a href="#nurture_line_304">20/304</a>.</p> + +<p>Bream, <a href="#nurture_line_736">51/736</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_840">58/841</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +pp. <a href="#nurture_linenote_842">108</a>, +<a href="#fish_capXIII">115</a>.</p> + +<p>Bream, sea-, <a href="#nurture_line_576">40/578</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_696">49/698</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_744">52/746</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_848">58/848</a>.</p> + +<p>Breath, as it may smell, keep your mouth shut, <a href="#dem_line_64">211/69</a>.</p> + +<p>Breche (? drawers), clean, <a href="#nurture_line_868">60/871</a>.</p> + +<p>Brede, <a href="#nurture_line_192">13/192</a>, +breadth.</p> + +<p>Breke, <a href="#nurture_line_312">21/315</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve venison.</p> + +<p>Breke a cony, <a href="#nurture_line_448">29/448</a>.</p> + +<p>Bresewort, <a href="#nurture_line_992">68/993</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“In the curious treatise of the virtues of herbs, Royal MS. 18 A. vi., +fol. 72 b, is mentioned ‘<i>bryse-wort</i>, or bon-wort, or daysye, +<i>consolida minor</i>, good to breke bocches.’” Way, Promptorium, p. +52, note <sup>1</sup>.</p> + +<p>Brest, <a href="#nurture_line_288">19/288</a>, ? for +fist.</p> + +<p>Bret, Brett, a fish, <a href="#nurture_line_580">41/583</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_732">51/735</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_852">59/852</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Limaude</i>, f. A Burt or <i>Bret</i>-fish. Cot.</p> + +<p>Breue, <a href="#curt_line_412">190/413</a>, book, +score-up.</p> + +<p>Breuet, <a href="#curt_line_536">194/536</a>, briefed +(with green wax).</p> + +<p>Breve, <a href="#curt_line_552">195/553</a>, set down +in writing, keep accounts of.</p> + +<p>Brewe, <a href="#nurture_line_540">36/540</a>, a bird; +<a href="#nurture_line_704">49/706</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/8</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_420">27/422</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to untache or carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. +160</a>.</p> + +<p>Bridelid, <a href="#stans2_line_32">278/33</a>, ? a +wrong reading; or, with food in one’s mouth;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>boire sa bride</i>, A horse to draw vp his bit into his mouth +with his tongue. Cot.</p> + +<p>Broach a pipe of wine, how to, <a href="#nurture_line_68">5/69</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_butler">p. 152</a>, <ins class="mycorr" title="citation unidentified">121/69</ins>.</p> + +<p>Broche?, <a href="#keruyng_feast_easter">161/6</a>.</p> + +<p>Broiled herrings, <a href="#nurture_line_748">52/748</a>.</p> + +<p>Broke-lempk, <a href="#nurture_line_992">69/994</a>; +<a href="#nurture_note_265">p. 68, note</a>.</p> + +<p>Broken, <a href="#dem_line_156">214/158</a>, with +hernia?, E. Engl. <i>bursten</i>.</p> + +<p>Broken meat or food for the poor, <a href="#curt_line_736">202/739</a>.</p> + +<p>Brothellis, <a href="#lyt_line_36">267/38</a>, low rude +people.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>bordeau</i>, a brothell +<span class="pagenum">292</span> +<a name="page292" id="page292"> </a> +<!-- png 416 --> +or bawdie house; <i>bordelier</i>, a wencher, haunter of baudie-houses. +Cotgrave.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Adulterous friars are called <i>brothels</i> in Piers Plowman’s Crede, +l. 1540, v. 2, p. 496, ed. Wright.</p> +<p class="inset"> +See Arth. and Merlin, &c., in Halliwell;—a blackguard, +Towneley Mysteries, p. 142, “stynt, <i>brodels</i>, youre dyn.”</p> + +<p>Browers, <a href="#curt_line_660">199/663</a>; +<i>brower</i> must be a napkin or doyley.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“Can it be a bib put on when taking <i>broo</i> or broth in, against the +spilling of what is supped up? (Or rather, wiping the fingers from the +<i>broo</i>, sauce, or gravy, that men dipped their bits of meat into.) +Halliwell curiously explains <i>broo</i>, top of anything. ‘Tak a knyf +& shere it smal, the rute and alle, & sethe it in water; take +the <i>broo</i> of that, and late it go thorow a clowte’—evidently +the juice. Ital. <i>broda</i>, broth, swill for swine, dirt or mire; +<i>brodare</i>, to cast broth upon.”—H. Wedgwood.</p> + +<p>Browes, <a href="#keruyng_sauce_fowl">p. 160</a>, last +line; <a href="#keruyng_note_browes">p. 173</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +A.S. <i>briw</i>, es.; m. Brewis, the small pieces of meat in broth; +pottage, frumenty, &c., <i>briwan</i>, to brew. Somner.</p> + +<p>Brows, how to use the, <a href="#dem_line_24">210/29</a>; +<a href="#dem_line_132">213/132</a>.</p> + +<p>Browynge, <a href="#curt_line_72">179/75</a>, broth, +grease.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Browes.</p> + +<p>Brush your master well, <a href="#nurture_line_912">62/913</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +all robes lightly, <a href="#nurture_line_940">64/940-3</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +your cap, <a href="#vert_line_76">228/78</a>.</p> + +<p>Brushed (well), breeches, <a href="#nurture_line_872">60/873</a>.</p> + +<p>Brydelynge, <a href="#nurture_line_288">19/288</a>, ? +the passage seems corrupt.</p> + +<p>Brytte, a fish, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/12</a>.</p> + +<p>Buche, <a href="#nurture_line_492">31/492</a>, in +squares.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Sloane MS. 1315, reads “Custarde, enche square checke hit with your +knyfe.”</p> + +<p>Buffe, <a href="#vaughan_4">p. 133</a>, leather made of +buck’s skin.</p> + +<p>Bulch not, <a href="#dem_line_112"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘294’">212</ins>/113</a>.</p> + +<p>Bulk, <a href="#lyt_line_44">267/47</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +A.S. <i>bealcian</i>, to belch. “Bolkyn, <i>ructo</i>, eructo, orexo.” +Prompt.</p> + +<p>Bulke, <a href="#nurture_line_452">29/452</a>, thorax, +breast; <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/16</a>.</p> + +<p><span class="smallcaps">Bulleyn</span>, Wilyam; on Boxyng and +Neckeweede, <a href="#neckeweede">p. 124-7</a>.</p> + +<p>Bultelle clothe, <a href="#nurture_line_164">12/164</a>.</p> + +<p>Bun, <a href="#nurture_line_208">14/211</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_216">15/218</a>.</p> + +<p>Bushel of flour to make 20 loaves, <a href="#curt_line_624">198/625-6</a>.</p> + +<p>Business, attend to your own, 268<ins class="mycorr" title="/ missing (at line break)">/</ins>56.</p> + +<p>Bustard, <a href="#nurture_line_432">28/433</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_540">37/541</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_542">p. 97</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_692">49/695</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_695">p. 102</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/4</a>.</p> + +<p>Butler and Panter’s duties, <a href="#keruyng_butler"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘p. 152-1’">152/1</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Butler, his duties, <a href="#curtasye_butler">196/423-30</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +is the panter’s mate, <a href="#curtasye_butler">/425</a>.</p> + +<p>Butt or fresh-water flounder, <a href="#fish_capXIII">p. 115</a>.</p> + +<p>Butter, sweet, of Claynos or hakeney, <a href="#nurture_line_556">39/559</a>.</p> + +<p>Butter, one of the <i>fruits</i> to be eaten before dinner, <a href="#nurture_line_664">46/667-8</a>.</p> + +<p>Butter and fruits to be eaten before dinner, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/22</a>.</p> + +<p>Butter, wholesome first and last, <a href="#nurture_line_88">7/89</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/31</a>.</p> + +<p>Butter, <a href="#nurture_line_88">7/89-92</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_89">p. 85</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/20, 22</a>.</p> + +<p>Buttiler, <a href="#nurture_line_40">p. 3, l. +40-1</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘Butler, the officer in charge of the <i>buttery</i> or collection of +casks; as Pantler, the officer in charge of the pantry.’ Wedgwood.</p> + +<p>Buying, swear & lie not in, <a href="#young_line_76">270/76</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">293</span> +<a name="page293" id="page293"> </a> +<!-- png 417 --> + +<p>Bydene, <a href="#nurture_line_60">4/62</a>, +properly.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterC" id="letterC" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Cabages, <a href="#nurture_line_520">35/521</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_521">p. 97</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_tag_charlet">159/29</a>.</p> + +<p>Calf, boiled, on Easter-day, <a href="#keruyng_feast_easter">p. 160</a>.</p> + +<p>Calves-foot jelly, <a href="#nurture_line_512">34/515</a>.</p> + +<p>Calves-skin garments to be worn in summer, <a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>.</p> + +<p>Camamelle, <a href="#nurture_line_992">68/992</a>, +chamomile.</p> + +<p>Camelyne sauce, <a href="#nurture_note_129">p. 36, +note <sup>6</sup></a>.</p> + +<p>Camphire, <a href="#vaughan_7">135/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Campolet wine, <a href="#keruyng_tag_campolet">153/20</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_note_campolet">p. 174</a>.</p> + +<p>Cancer, the creuyce or cray-fish, <a href="#fish_capXVI">p. 115</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Candelarius</i>, <a href="#curtasye_chandler">204/822-3</a>, the chandler.</p> + +<p>Candle, one to each mess at dinner, <a href="#curt_line_836">205/837</a>.</p> + +<p>Candlemas-eve, squires’ allowances stop on, <a href="#curt_line_392">189/394</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_836">205/837</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“<i>Aujourd’huy Febvrier demain Chandelier.</i> Prov. (For Candlemas day +is euer the second of Februarie.)” Cot.</p> + +<p>Candles, <a href="#nurture_line_508">34/510</a>.</p> + +<p>Canel, <a href="#nurture_line_64">5/66</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_66">p. 84</a>, a spout.</p> + +<p>Canelle, <a href="#nurture_line_140">11/142</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_132">10/135</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_ypocras">153/24, 31</a>; a spice.</p> + +<p>Canelle-boon, <a href="#nurture_line_448">29/449</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/14</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Clavicules</i>, f. The kannell bones, channell bones, +necke-bones, craw-bones, extending (on each side ore) from the bottom of +the throat vnto the top of the shoulder. Cot.</p> +<p class="inset"> +The merry-thought of a bird. The haunch-bones below correspond to the +clavicles or kannell bones above.</p> + +<p>Canne, <a href="#young_line_4">266/4</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +cunne, <a href="#children_left">265/3</a>, know.</p> + +<p>Cannelles, <a href="#keruyng_butler">152/15</a>, +channels, spouts.</p> + +<p>Canterbury, Bp. of, <a href="#nurture_line_1076">73/1077</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Archbishop.</p> + +<p>Canterbury, the prior of, <a href="#nurture_line_1144">77/1145</a>.</p> + +<p>Cap, take it off before a lord, <a href="#urban_line_4">262/4</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +before your better, <a href="#young_line_136">274/137</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +when speaking to any man, <a href="#vert_line_80">226/80</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +be free of, <a href="#vert_line_272">229/274</a>, salute +every one.</p> + +<p>Capitaius, a fish, <a href="#fish_capXVIII">p. +116</a>.</p> + +<p>Capon, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/689</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_800">54/801</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_803">p. 106</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“Of all meates the best and most utille to the body of man is of capons, +chyckyns, faisantes, partriches, yonge partriches, <i>plouuiers</i>, +<i>pigeons</i>, quailles, snites (<i>becasses</i>§), wod-cockes, turtell +doves, knyghtes (<i>cheualiers</i>†), stares, sparows, or +<i>passeriaux</i>, finches, uerdieres,* frions, gold finches, linotes, +thrushe, felde fare, and all kyndes of small byrdes (whereof the names +ben without nombre) ben metes norisshyng and of litell degestion, and +that engendre good blode.” <i>Du Guez’s Introductorie</i>, +p. 1071-2.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p>§ <i>Beccasse</i>, f. A Woodcock. <i>Becasse petite</i>, A Snite or +Snipe.</p> + +<p>† <i>Chevalier</i>, A daintie Water-fowle, as big as a Stock-doue, +and of two kinds, the one red, the other blacke. Cot.</p> + +<p>* <i>Verdrier</i>, m. The Gold-hammer, Yellow-ha<i>m</i>mer, +Yowlring. Cot.</p> +</div> + +<p>Capon, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_408">26/409</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to sauce or carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. +161</a>.</p> + +<p>Capon, boiled, <a href="#nurture_line_796">54/799</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +verjuice its sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_532">36/534</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“Capons boyled, and chekyns, ben lykewyse of good nourysshyng, and doth +engender good blode, but whan they ben rosted, they ben somewhat more +colloryke, and all maner of meates rosted, the +<span class="pagenum">294</span> +<a name="page294" id="page294"> </a> +<!-- png 418 --> +tone more the tother lesse.” Du Guez, p. 1071.</p> + +<p>Capon pie, <a href="#nurture_line_480">31/481</a>.</p> + +<p>Capon, roast, how to carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">161/21</a>.</p> + +<p>Cappe, <a href="#nurture_line_964">65/964</a>, +night-cap.</p> + +<p>Cappe-de-huse, <a href="#nurture_line_908">62/909</a>, +? cape for the house, Fr. <i>cappe</i>, a short cloake, or loose and +sleeuelesse garment, which hath, instead of a Cape, a Capuche behind it. +Cot.</p> + +<p>Caprik, <a href="#nurture_line_120">9/120</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_13">p. 91, No. 13</a>, a +sweet wine.</p> + +<p>Caraway, Careawey, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/79</a>, +caraway-seeds, (from <span class="greek" title="karon">καρον</span>, +cumin; Lat. <i>careum</i>; Ar. <i>karawiya</i>; Mahn,) <a href="#nurture_line_712">50/713</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/25</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/11</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_388">231/389</a>.</p> + +<p>Cardinal, rank of a, <a href="#nurture_line_1008">70/1008</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1044">72/1045</a>.</p> + +<p>Carding, eschew, <a href="#vert_line_596">234/599</a>.</p> + +<p>Cariage, <a href="#stans2_line_56">p. 280</a>, +<a href="#stans1_line_56">279, l. 59</a>, act of +carrying.</p> + +<p>Carowayes, <a href="#vert_line_388">231/389</a>, +caraway-seed cakes.</p> + +<p>Carp, <a href="#nurture_line_576">40/578</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_732">51/735</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_840">58/842</a>; +<a href="#fish_capXVIII">p. 116</a>.<a class="tag" name="index_tag_1" id="index_tag_1" href="#index_note_1">1</a></p> + +<p>Carpentes, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/9, 18</a>, +carpets under foot?</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> carpettes for cupbordes, <a href="#keruyng_ready">l. 19</a>.</p> + +<p>Carpets, about a bed, windows, &c, <a href="#nurture_line_924">63/927-8</a>.</p> + +<p>Carry your body up, <a href="#dem_line_132">213/133</a>.</p> + +<p>Carver, his duties, <a href="#nurture_flesh">p. +24-32</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +assays the wine?, and carves the lord’s meat, <a href="#curt_line_788"><ins class="mycorr" title="tet reads ‘209’">203</ins>/789-95</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Keruynge.</p> + +<p>Carving of fish, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">p. +166-7</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +of flesh, <a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh">p. 157</a>.</p> + +<p>Carving-knives, panter to lay two, <a href="#curt_line_672">200/673</a>.</p> + +<p>Cast, <a href="#curt_line_604">197/607</a>, armful or +pitchfork-full.</p> + +<p>Cast of bread, <a href="#curt_line_628">198/631</a>, ? +armful, lot taken up at one heave.</p> + +<p>Cast up thy bed, <a href="#vert_line_60">226/61</a>.</p> + +<p>Castles, the Receiver sees to repairs of, <a href="#curt_line_600">197/601</a>.</p> + +<p>Castyng, <a href="#curt_line_336">187/336</a>, ?</p> + +<p>Cat, don’t stroke it at meals, <a href="#curt_line_104">180/107</a>.</p> + +<p>Cate, <a href="#young_line_140">274/143</a>, ? cat +(<i>hond</i>, hound).</p> + +<p>Cathedral prior sits above others, <a href="#nurture_line_1148">77/1150</a>.</p> + +<p>Cato quoted, <a href="#vert_line_488">232/491</a>.</p> + +<p>Cats to be turned out of bedrooms, <a href="#nurture_line_968">66/969</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_969">p. 108</a>, +<a href="#nurture_linenote_970a">p. 109</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_ready">169/34</a>.</p> + +<p>Caucius, a fish, <a href="#fish_capXVIII">p. +116</a>.</p> + +<p>Cawdrons, the sauce for swans, <a href="#keruyng_sauce_fowl">p. 159</a>, last line.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Chawdon.</p> + +<p>Cellar, yeomen of the, <a href="#nurture_line_308">21/311</a>.</p> + +<p>Celle, <a href="#nurture_line_176">12/176</a>, +cell.</p> + +<p><i>Cena Domini</i>, fires in hall stop on, <a href="#curt_line_398"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘94’">189</ins>/398</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Shere Thursday or Maundy Thursday, day before Good Friday.</p> + +<p>Cetus, the greatest whale, <a href="#fish_capXIX">p. +116</a>.</p> + +<p>Ceuy, <a href="#nurture_line_820">55/822</a>, +chive-sauce.</p> + +<p>Chafer, <a href="#curt_line_464">192/466</a>, a +heater.</p> + +<p>Chaffire, <a href="#nurture_line_636">45/639</a>. +“Chafowre to make whote a thynge, as watur. <i>Calefactorium.</i>” +Prompt.</p> + +<p>Chalcedony to be worn in a ring, <a href="#harington_business">p. 141</a>.</p> + +<p>Chambur, bason for, <a href="#nurture_line_968">66/971</a>.</p> + +<p>Chamberlain, the duties of one, <a href="#nurture_chamber">p. 59-69</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_chamber">p. 168-9</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">295</span> +<a name="page295" id="page295"> </a> +<!-- png 419 --> + +<p>Chancellor, his duties, <a href="#curt_line_560">195/563</a>.</p> + +<p>Chandelew, <a href="#curt_line_640">199/642</a>, +chandlery, stock of candles.</p> + +<p>Chandler, his bread, <a href="#curt_line_628">198/628</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +his duties, <a href="#curtasye_chandler">p. +204-11</a>.</p> + +<p>Change (countenance or temper?) don’t, <a href="#young_line_92">270/92</a><ins class="mycorr" title=". missing">. </ins></p> + +<p>Char, <a href="#curt_line_96">180/96</a>, turn, +trick.</p> + +<p>Chardequynce, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/21</a>, +chare de quynces, <a href="#nurture_line_72">5/75</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +conserve of quinces, or quince marmalade.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Charequynses</i>, 10łb. the boke, vs̃—2ł., 10s. <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1468, <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 103.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Marmalet of Quinces. R. Holme, Bk. III., p. 80, col. 1.</p> + +<p>Charger, <a href="#nurture_line_632">44/633</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Chargere, <a href="#nurture_line_404">26/405</a>, a kind +of dish.</p> + +<p>Charity, the fruits of, <a href="#vert_chap_x">233, +cap. x</a>.</p> + +<p>Charlet, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/28</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_note_charlet">p. 173</a>.</p> + +<p>Chat after meals, <a href="#harington_after">p. +142</a>.</p> + +<p>Chatter, don’t, <a href="#bab_line_92">253/94</a>; +<a href="#bab_line_184">257/186</a>.</p> + +<p>Chafing-dysshe, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">162/2</a>, heating dish.</p> + +<p>Chaundeler, <a href="#curt_line_492">299/492</a>, +chandler, officer in charge of the candles.</p> + +<p>Chawdon (chawdron, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. +161</a>), the sauce for swan, <a href="#nurture_line_532">36/535</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_535">p. 97</a>.</p> + +<p>Chawdwyn, the sauce for swans, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/688</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheeks, don’t puff ’em out, <a href="#dem_line_64">211/65</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t stuff yours out like an ape’s, <a href="#curt_line_56">179/57</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheese, hard, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/78</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_84">7/85</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_74">p. 84</a>, +<a href="#nurture_linenote_85">p. 85</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_84">7/84-8</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_100">8/102</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/24</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheese, <a href="#nurture_line_812">55/815</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheese, the best cement for broken pots, <a href="#nurture_linenote_85">p. 85</a>. Ruin cheese, <a href="#nurture_note_25">p. 7, note <sup>3</sup></a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_74">85/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheese, have a clean trencher for, <a href="#bab_line_180">256/183</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheese, fruit, and biscuits, for dessert, <a href="#vert_line_388">231/388</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheese, only take a little, <a href="#lyt_line_76">269/76</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Fourmage est bon quand il y en a peu</i>: Prov. The lesse cheese the +better; or, cheese is good when a miserable hand giues it. Cot.</p> + +<p>Chekker, <a href="#curt_line_592">196/594</a>, the +Exchequer.</p> + +<p>Chekkid, <a href="#nurture_line_388">25/389</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_492">31/492</a>, cut into chequers +or squares.</p> + +<p>Chekmate, <a href="#nurture_line_96">8/96</a>.</p> + +<p>Cherlis, <a href="#lyt_line_32">267/34</a>, 48, poor, +rude, and rough people.</p> + +<p>Cherries, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/77</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_668">46/668</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/23</a>.</p> + +<p>Chet, <a href="#curt_line_500">199/501</a>, coarse +bread; chet loaf to the almsdish, <a href="#curt_line_684">200/687</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheven (Cheuene, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/13</a>), chub, <a href="#nurture_note_204">51/736, note <sup>3</sup></a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_840">58/842</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Vilain</i>, the <i>Cheuin</i> or Pollard fish (called so because +it feedes vpon nothing but filth). Cot.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Chub.</p> + +<p>Cheve, <a href="#nurture_line_368">24/369</a>, end.</p> + +<p>Chewettes, <a href="#keruyng_tag_chewet">161/4</a>; p. +171; <a href="#keruyng_note_chewet">173/<ins class="mycorr" title="see below">3</ins></a>.</p> + +<p class="notation"> +The reference to “p. 171” could not be identified. Chewets are mentioned +on <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/3</a> and 173/24 +(not 3).</p> + +<p>Chicken, boiled, <a href="#nurture_line_796">54/799</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +roast, <a href="#nurture_line_808">54/808</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +chicken pie, <a href="#nurture_line_480">31/481</a>.</p> + +<p>Chickens, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_396">25/397</a>.</p> + +<p>Chide not, <a href="#bab_line_100">253/102</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“I lyken the to a sowe, for thou arte ever chyding at mete.” Palsgrave, +p. 611, col. 2.</p> + +<p>Chief Justices, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1014</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1052">72/1052</a>.</p> + +<p>Childe, or young page, the King’s, <a href="#nurture_line_1116">75/1124</a>.</p> + +<p>Children soon get angry, <a href="#stans1_line_80">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_80">280/81</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_84">281</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_84">282/85</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +give ’em an apple then, <a href="#stans2_line_84">280/84</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +and a rod when they’re insolent, <a href="#stans1_line_88">281</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_88">282/89</a>.</p> + +<p>Children, to wait on their parents at dinner before eating their own, +<a href="#vert_line_296">229/297</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_420">231/423</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +the duty of, <a href="#vert_duty_5">241/5</a>.</p> +<span class="pagenum">296</span> +<a name="page296" id="page296"> </a> +<!-- png 420 --> + +<p>Chin, hold it up when you speak, <a href="#urban_line_12">262/14</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +keep it clean at dinner, <a href="#young_line_104">272/107</a>.</p> + +<p>Chine, <a href="#nurture_line_392">25/393</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Eschinon</i>: m. The <i>Chyne</i>, or vpper part of the backe +betweene the shoulders. <i>Eschine</i>: f. The <i>Chyne</i>, backe bone, +ridge of the backe. 1611, Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Chip, <a href="#nurture_linenote_51">p. 84</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_butler">152/4</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“I chyppe breed. <i>Je chappelle du payn ... je descrouste du pain +...</i> and <i>je payre du pain.</i> Chyppe the breed at ones, for our +gestes be come.” Palsgrave, p. 484, col. 1.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> “choppe” and “chyppere.”</p> + +<p>Choke, don’t, by drinking with your mouth full, <a href="#curt_line_96">180/98</a>.</p> + +<p>Choppe (loaves), <a href="#nurture_line_48">4/51</a>.</p> + +<p>Chub, <a href="#nurture_note_204">p. 51, +note <sup>3</sup></a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Cheuen.</p> + +<p>Church, how to behave in, <a href="#vert_line_332">233/332</a> (this is the part that would +follow at the end of the <i>Booke of Demeanor</i>, p. 296).</p> + +<p>Church, behave well at; go to, <a href="#young_line_16">266/17</a>.</p> + +<p>Chyme of a pipe, <a href="#keruyng_butler">152/18</a>, +rim.</p> + +<p>Chymné, <a href="#curt_line_460">192/461</a>, +fire-place or brasier.</p> + +<p>Chyne, <a href="#nurture_line_68">5/70</a>, rim of a +cask.</p> + +<p>Chyne, <a href="#nurture_line_392">25/393</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/15, 16</a>, back, +loin.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Chine.</p> + +<p>Chyne, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Chynchynge, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/11</a>, +pinching.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Metaphorically “<i>chynchyn</i> or sparyn mekylle, <i>perparco</i>.” +Prompt.</p> + +<p>Chyppere, <a href="#keruyng_butler">152/4</a>, a knife +to chip bread with.</p> + +<p>Cinnamon and salt as sauce for venison, &c., <a href="#nurture_line_540">37/542-3</a>.</p> + +<p>Cinnamon, eaten with lamprey-pie, <a href="#nurture_line_636">44/636</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +with fish, <a href="#nurture_line_840">58/842, 847</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/11</a>.</p> + +<p>Cinnamon, <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">153/30</a>.</p> + +<p>Ciryppe, <a href="#nurture_line_824">56/826</a>, +syrop.</p> + +<p>Civeye (chive sauce), hares and conies in, <a href="#recipes_hares">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘309’">146</ins></a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_820">55/822</a>.</p> + +<p>Clared wyne, <a href="#keruyng_wines">153/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Clarey, <a href="#nurture_line_120">9/120</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_14">p. 91, No. 14</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Clarrey, <a href="#keruyng_wines">153/21</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Sp. <i>Clarea</i>: f. Clary drinke of hony and wine. Some say Muscadell, +others call it Nectar or kingly drinke. 1591, Percivale, ed. Minsheu, +1623.</p> + +<p>Clarke of the crowne and th’eschekere, <a href="#nurture_line_1016">70/1019</a>.</p> + +<p>Claryfinynge, <a href="#nurture_line_124">9/124</a>.</p> + +<p>Claw, don’t, <a href="#bab_line_80">253/81</a>; +<a href="#urban_line_16">262/18</a>; +<a href="#young_line_136">274/139</a>.</p> + +<p>Claw not your head, &c., <a href="#nurture_line_276">18/279</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“I clawe, as a man or beest dothe a thyng softely with his nayles. <i>Je +grattigne ...</i> Clawe my backe, and I wyll clawe thy toe.” +Palsgrave.</p> + +<p>Claynos buttur, <a href="#nurture_line_556">39/559</a>.</p> + +<p>Cleanse your spoon, <a href="#curt_line_72">179/74</a>.</p> + +<p>Clene, <a href="#urban_line_28">262/28</a>, fitting, +courteous.</p> + +<p>Clerk of the Kitchen, <a href="#curt_line_548">195/549</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +his duties, <a href="#curtasye_kitchen">195/553-62</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +gets money from the Treasurer, <a href="#curt_line_576">196/579</a>.</p> + +<p>Clof, <a href="#curt_line_460">192/462</a>, ?</p> + +<p>Cloke, <a href="#nurture_line_908">62/909</a>, +cloak.</p> + +<p>Cloos-howse, <a href="#nurture_line_1200">80/1202</a>, +lock-up place for food.</p> + +<p>Cloth, how to lay the, <a href="#nurture_line_184">13/187</a>, &c., <a href="#keruyng_cloth">154/23</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to take it off the table, <a href="#vert_line_396">231/399</a>.</p> + +<p>Cloth, keep it clean, <a href="#lyt_line_60">269/61</a>, 81; <a href="#young_line_120">272/123</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_36">277/39</a>; +<a href="#stans2_line_40">278/40</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t wipe your knife on it, <a href="#young_line_120">272/122</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +or your nose, <a href="#urban_line_52">263/53</a>.</p> +<span class="pagenum">297</span> +<a name="page297" id="page297"> </a> +<!-- png 421 --> + +<p>Clothes, don’t wipe your nose on, <a href="#dem_line_48">210/48</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Apparel.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“Graue clothes make dunces often seeme great clarkes.” Cot., u. +<i>fol.</i></p> + +<p>Clothing of officers, given out by the clerk of the kitchen, <a href="#curt_line_560">195/561</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +of lord and lady, by the chancellor, <a href="#curt_line_560">195/563</a>.</p> + +<p>Cloven-footed fowls, skin of, is unwholesome, <a href="#keruyng_skin"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘163’">165</ins>/18</a>.</p> + +<p>Clowche, <a href="#nurture_line_500">33/503</a>, +belly?</p> +<p class="inset"> +Not “clowchyn or clowe (clewe), <i>glomus</i>, <i>globus</i>.” +Prompt.</p> + +<p>Clutch at the best bit, don’t, <a href="#urban_line_28">263/29</a>.</p> + +<p>Coat, long, <a href="#nurture_line_872">60/872</a>.</p> + +<p>Cock and hen, <a href="#nurture_linenote_800">p. +105</a>.</p> + +<p>Cock, shooting at; girls not to go to, 289/81.</p> + +<p>Cockes, <a href="#nurture_line_372">24/375</a>, +cooks.</p> + +<p>Cod, <a href="#nurture_line_844">58/845</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/12</a>.</p> + +<p>Cod, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_576">40/576</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +names of, <a href="#nurture_linenote_fish">p. 99</a>.</p> + +<p>Codling, a fish, <a href="#nurture_note_238">p. 59, +note</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/7</a>.</p> + +<p>Codware not to be clawed, <a href="#nurture_line_284">19/286</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not to be exposed, <a href="#nurture_line_304">20/305</a>.</p> + +<p>Coffyn, cofyn, <a href="#nurture_line_476">30/478</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_480">31/481</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_492">96/2, 22</a>, &c., +crust of a pie.</p> + +<p>Cold, head and feet to be kept from, <a href="#harington_arise">p. 138</a>.</p> + +<p>Cold fritter is not to be eaten, <a href="#nurture_line_500">33/502</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Colericus</i>, <a href="#nurture_line_772">53/772</a>; +<a href="#nurture_sutiltee">p. 54</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_788">p. 104</a>.</p> + +<p>Colice, <a href="#nurture_line_824">56/824</a>, +broth.</p> + +<p>Collector, the Pope’s, <a href="#nurture_line_1020">70/1023</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1060">72/1063</a>.</p> + +<p>Cologne, the kings of, <a href="#nurture_line_712">50/712</a>.</p> + +<p>Colombyne gynger, <a href="#nurture_line_128">10/131</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Columbyne gyngre, <a href="#nurture_line_756">52/758</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +a kind of ginger. ? what.</p> + +<p>Coloure de rose, <a href="#nurture_line_112">9/114</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> <a href="#nurture_note_31">note there</a>; it +was a wine, <a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_alpha">p. +86</a>, extract from the <i>Four Elements.</i></p> + +<p>Colvering, <a href="#weed_dice">126/3</a>, ?</p> + +<p>Comade, <a href="#nurture_linenote_492">96/4</a>; sauce +of whipped eggs and milk.</p> + +<p>Comb for the hair, <a href="#nurture_line_884">61/885</a>.</p> + +<p>Comb your head often, <a href="#borde_tag_3">p. +130</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +nothing recreateth the memorie more, <a href="#borde">p. +128</a>.</p> + +<p>Comb your head, <a href="#young_line_12">266/14</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +do it 40 times every morning, <a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>.</p> + +<p>Comb your lord’s head, <a href="#nurture_line_960">65/963</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_chamber">169/2</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_ready">28</a>.</p> + +<p>Comedies, <a href="#nurture_line_508">34/510</a>, +quaint dishes?</p> + +<p>Comenynge, <a href="#nurture_line_1220">81/1220</a>, +communication, teaching.</p> + +<p>Comfit, <a href="#nurture_line_712">50/714</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_713">p. 104</a>.</p> + +<p>Commende, <a href="#bab_line_120">254/120</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. ?<i>Commander,</i> to recommend, or to commit ouer vnto the care of +another.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>À Dieu vous command.</i> God be with you. Cot.</p> + +<p>Commensed, <a href="#nurture_line_1152">77/1154</a>, +taken a degree.</p> + +<p>Commyn, <a href="#nurture_line_668">46/671</a>, +communicate, talk.</p> + +<p>Companions, pray for your, <a href="#curt_line_160">182/161</a>.</p> + +<p>Compleccion, <a href="#nurture_line_764">52/764</a>, +device.</p> + +<p>Compleccyon, <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/11</a>, disposition.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>My <i>complexcyon</i> a-cordyth to eny mete,</p> +<p>But rere sopers j refowse, lest j shuld surfett.</p> +</div> +<p class="author">Piers of Fullham, l. 197-8.</p> + +<p>Compostes, <a href="#nurture_note_18">5/75, note</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_76">6/79</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/21</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_ypocras">154/19</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Recipe 100, <i>Forme of Cury</i>, p. 49.</p> + +<p>Conche or muscle fish, <a href="#fish_capXXII">p. +116</a>.</p> + +<p>Concoction, <a href="#vaughan_10">136/12</a>, +digestion.</p> + +<p>Concordable, <a href="#nurture_line_796">54/796</a>, +suitable.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">298</span> +<a name="page298" id="page298"> </a> +<!-- png 422 --> + +<p>Condel, smale, <a href="#curt_line_824">205/826</a>, +tapers.</p> + +<p><i>Confiteor</i>, the, to be learnt, <a href="#curt_line_152">181/154</a>.</p> + +<p>Confites, <a href="#nurture_line_72">5/75</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_82">p. 85, note to l. 82</a>, +comfits.</p> + +<p>Confyte, <a href="#nurture_line_728">51/731</a>, a +comfit.</p> + +<p>Congaudence, <a href="#nurture_line_1188">79/1190</a>, +congratulation, satisfaction.</p> + +<p>Conger, <a href="#nurture_line_552">38/555</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_580">41/583</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_732">51/733</a>; +<a href="#fish_capXXIIII">p. 117</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Richard Sheale, the minstrel and ballad-writer, says,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“I can be content, if it be out of Lent,</p> +<p>A piece of beef to take, my hunger to aslake.</p> +<p>Both mutton and veal is good for Richard Sheale;</p> +<p>Though I look so grave, I were a very knave</p> +<p>If I would think scorn, either evening or morn,</p> +<p>Being in hunger, of fresh salmon or <i>congar</i>.”</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +Knight’s Life of Caxton, p. 48.</p> + +<p>Conger, salt, <a href="#nurture_line_832">57/833</a>.</p> + +<p>Congettynge, <a href="#nurture_line_1200">80/1202</a>, +conspiracy, tricks.</p> + +<p>Connynge, <a href="#nurture_line_1220">81/1220-2</a>, +learning, knowledge.</p> + +<p><i>Contrarotulator</i>, <a href="#curtasye_controller">p. 195</a>, the controller.</p> + +<p>Controller, his work, <a href="#curtasye_controller">195/541</a>, +<a href="#curtasye_surveyor">550</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +sits on the dais in hall, <a href="#curt_line_20">177/20</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“I feel by William Peacock that my nephew is not yet verily acquainted +in the king’s house, nor with the officers of the king’s house he is not +taken as none of that house; for the cooks be not charged to serve him, +nor the sewer to give him no dish, for the sewer will not take no men no +dishes till they be commanded by the <i>controller</i>.” Clement Paston, +P. Letters, ed. 1841, v. 1, p. 144 (XV. vol. iv. +p. 53, orig.).</p> + +<p>Cold of speech, be, <a href="#young_line_96">272/98</a>.</p> + +<p>Cony, <a href="#nurture_line_516">34/517</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_692">49/694</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_804">54/807</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_808a">p. 107</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“And conÿs, hares, rabettes (<i>laperaus</i>), buckes, does, hartes, +hyndes, robuckes, or lepers (<i>cheureus ou saillanz</i>), holde also +all of melancoly.” Du Guez.</p> + +<p>Cony, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_444">29/447</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/12</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to unlace or cut up, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. +162</a>.</p> + +<p>Cony, with mustard and sugar, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/538</a>.</p> + +<p>Conyd, <a href="#young_line_148">274/149</a>, +learnt.</p> + +<p>Coochele, sea-snails, <a href="#fish_capXXIII">p. +116</a>.</p> + +<p>Cook must obey a marshal, <a href="#nurture_line_1180">79/1182</a>.</p> + +<p>Cooks are always finding out new dishes, and nearly killing people, +<a href="#nurture_line_504">33/505</a>.</p> + +<p>Coost, <a href="#nurture_line_704">49/705</a>, rank, +succession?</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>coste à coste</i>, in euen ranke, side by side. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Cope, <a href="#curt_line_688">200/689</a>, covering, +towel ?</p> + +<p>Copious of talk, don’t be, <a href="#stans1_line_72">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_72">280/74</a>.</p> + +<p>Coral, <a href="#harington_business">141/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Coretz, a fish, <a href="#fish_capXXIIIIa">p. +119</a>.</p> + +<p>Cornys, <a href="#gross_xvi">p. 218, No. xvi</a>. +different kinds of grain.</p> + +<p>Cote, <a href="#lyt_line_48">267/48</a>, cot, +cottage.</p> + +<p>Cottell, <a href="#keruyng_tag_cottell">168/14</a>, +cuttle-fish. +<p class="inset"> +Also <a href="#keruyng_note_cottell">p. 174</a> (note on +“Cottell”).</p> + +<p>Cotyn, cotton, to be kept in the privy, <a href="#nurture_line_932">64/935</a>.</p> + +<p>Couche, <a href="#keruyng_cloth">154/25</a>.</p> + +<p>Couertoure, <a href="#curt_line_752">202/753</a>, +dish-cover;</p> +<p class="inset"> +203/791, cover, or lid of a wine-cup.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">299</span> +<a name="page299" id="page299"> </a> +<!-- png 423 --> + +<p>Cough not, <a href="#nurture_line_268">18/271</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +before your lord, <a href="#nurture_line_296">19/297</a>.</p> + +<p>Counturpynt, <a href="#curt_line_452">192/455</a>, +counterpane.</p> + +<p>Countyng, <a href="#curt_line_532">194/535</a>, +reckoning.</p> + +<p>Courteous, be, to God, and kneel at prayers, <a href="#curt_line_160">182/163</a>.</p> + +<p>Courtesy came from heaven, <a href="#lyt_line_4">265/4</a>; +<a href="#young_line_4">266/6</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +all virtues are included in it, <a href="#lyt_line_8">265/8</a>; +<a href="#young_line_8">266/10</a>.</p> + +<p>Courtesy and gentleness, delight in, <a href="#bab_line_180">256/180</a>.</p> + +<p>Courts (fines of), <a href="#curt_line_576">196/577</a>.</p> + +<p>Couth, <a href="#young_line_116">272/118</a>, +? truly, indeed, A.S. <i>cudlice</i>, certainly.</p> + +<p>Couthe, <a href="#curt_line_112">180/114</a>, known +persons, friends.</p> + +<p>Coverlet of a bed, <a href="#nurture_line_920">63/923</a>.</p> + +<p>Cowd, <a href="#nurture_line_32">3/34-5</a>, knew.</p> + +<p>Cowche, <a href="#nurture_line_184">13/187</a>, and +note, the undermost table-cloth.</p> + +<p>Cowheels mixed with jellies, <a href="#nurture_line_512">34/515</a>.</p> + +<p>Crab, how to carve and dress one, <a href="#nurture_line_588">42/590-601</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_tag_tench"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘165’">167</ins>/14</a>.</p> + +<p>Crache, <a href="#young_line_136">274/139</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_12">275/14</a>; +<a href="#stans2_line_12">276/14</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘Clawyn or cracchyn, scratche, <i>Scalpo, scrato, grado</i>.’ Cath. in +P. Pl.; ‘<i>Krauwen, krabben</i>, kratsen, <i>ofte schrabben</i>.’ +Hexham.</p> + +<p>Craftsmen, their duty, <a href="#vert_duty_12">242/12</a>.</p> + +<p>Cram your mouth full, don’t, <a href="#lyt_line_36">267/38</a>.</p> + +<p>Crane (the bird), <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/539</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_540">p. 97</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_692">49/695</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_695a">p. 102</a>, and +note *, for their fighting pigmies.</p> + +<p>Crane, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_428">28/429</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +or dysplaye, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. 162</a>.</p> + +<p>Crane’s trump, take care of it, <a href="#nurture_line_428">28/431</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘157’">159</ins>/4</a>.</p> + +<p>Crawe, <a href="#nurture_line_288">19/288</a>; Fr. +<i>iabot</i>, the craw, crop, or gorge of a bird. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Crayfish, how it catches oysters, <a href="#fish_capXVI">p. 115</a>; +<a href="#fish_capXXIIIIb">p. 117</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +freshwater, <a href="#fish_capXVIa">p. 116</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Creues, &c.</p> + +<p>Cream, cow- and goat-, <a href="#nurture_line_80">7/81</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_92">8/93</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_81">p. 85</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_800">54/803</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +is bad, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/27</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“The dyvell burst him, he hath eaten all the <i>creame</i> without me.” +Palsgrave, p. 472, col. 2.</p> + +<p>Credence, <a href="#nurture_line_1192">80/1195-9</a>, +tasting food against poison. Only done for the highest ranks, down to an +earl.</p> + +<p>Creed, to be learnt by boys, <a href="#curt_line_164">181/167</a>.</p> + +<p><ins class="mycorr" title="heading added by transcriber"> +<a name="index_crevis" id="index_crevis">Creues</a>, Crevice, Crevis +(crayfish)</ins></p> + +<p class="inset"> +Creues (crayfish), how to carve, <a href="#keruyng_crab">167/20</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Crevice, freshwater, <a href="#nurture_line_848">58/848</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Crevis dewe douȝ, fresh-water cray-fish; how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_616">43/618</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Crevise, freshwater, <a href="#nurture_line_704">50/707</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Crevise or cray-fish, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_600">42/602</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +the names of, <a href="#nurture_linenote_fish">p. +100</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Lobster. ‘Finallie of the legged kinde we have not manie, neither haue I +seene anie more of this sort than the <i>Polypus</i> called in English +the lobstar, crafish or creuis, and the crab, [q. v.]. <i>Carolus +Stephanus</i> in his <i>maison rustique</i>, doubted whether these +lobstars be fish or not; and in the end concludeth them to grow of the +purgation of the water as dooth the frog, and these also not to be +eaten, for that they be strong and verie hard of digestion.’ +<i>Harrison</i>, v. i. 224-5.</p> +<p class="notation"> +“Lobster” citation moved by author from alphabetic position under “L”: +<a href="#corr_317">Corrigenda</a>.</p> + +<p>Crochettis, <a href="#curt_line_444">197/446</a>, +hooks.</p> + +<p>Cropyns, <a href="#nurture_line_360">24/362</a>, crops, +craws, of birds.</p> + +<p>Croscrist, <a href="#curt_line_144">181/144</a>.</p> + +<p>Cross, make the sign of, on rising, <a href="#young_line_12">266/12</a>.</p> + +<p>Croups of birds indigestible, <a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh">158/7</a>.</p> + +<p>Cruddes, <a href="#nurture_line_92">8/93</a>, +curds.</p> + +<p>Culpon, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, cut into +chunks.</p> + +<p>Cup, don’t ask a friend to take it, but give it him yourself, <a href="#curt_line_120">180/123</a>.</p> + +<p>Cupboard, <a href="#nurture_line_192">13/193</a>, table +or stand for cups, &c., to stand on; is in the marshal’s charge, +<a href="#curt_line_388">189/390</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be covered with carpets, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/19</a>.</p> +<span class="pagenum">300</span> +<a name="page300" id="page300"> </a> +<!-- png 424 --> + +<p>Cupborde, bread and wine stand on (or in), <a href="#curt_line_508">194/511</a>.</p> + +<p>Cuppeborde in a bed-room, <a href="#nurture_line_928">63/928</a>.</p> + +<p>Cups to be silver, <a href="#vaughan_10">p. +136</a>.</p> + +<p>Cure, <a href="#nurture_line_1172">78/1174</a>, +charge.</p> + +<p>Cure, <a href="#nurture_line_324">21/324</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_492">31/492</a>; custom, way of +doing a thing.</p> + +<p>Cure, <a href="#nurture_line_432">28/435</a>, +directions.</p> + +<p>Cure, <a href="#nurture_line_372">24/375</a>, craft, +art, practice.</p> + +<p>Curies, <a href="#nurture_line_504">33/506</a>, dodges, +curious dishes.</p> + +<p>Curlew, <a href="#nurture_line_704">49/706</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/8</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_420">27/421</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to untache or cut up, <a href="#keruyng_carve_egret">p. +162</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Sir Degrevant</i>, l. 1406, 235, has</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>ffatt conyngus and newe,</p> +<p>ffesauntys and corelewe.</p> +</div> +<p>Cursie, <a href="#vert_line_328">230/328</a>, +curtsey.</p> + +<p>Curtains, bed-, <a href="#nurture_line_968">66/968</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +four to a bed, <a href="#curt_line_448">191/448</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Curtasye, the Boke of</i> (Sloane MS. 1986), <a href="#boke_curtasye">p. 175-205</a>.</p> + +<p>Curtesy, <a href="#keruyng_surnape">156/9</a>, a bow or +salutation.</p> + +<p>Curtsey, make your, decently, <a href="#dem_line_152">214/153</a>.</p> + +<p>Cury, <a href="#nurture_line_512">34/513</a>, dodges, +sleights.</p> + +<p>Cushion, to be put on the chair, <a href="#nurture_line_880">61/882</a>.</p> + +<p>Cuspis, <a href="#nurture_note_99">p. 32, +note <sup>2</sup></a>.</p> + +<p>Custade costable, <a href="#nurture_line_800">54/802</a>, a kind of custard.</p> + +<p>Custard, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_492">31/492</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_492">p. 95</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/1</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/21</a>.</p> + +<p>Cut your meat, don’t bite it, <a href="#lyt_line_60">269/63</a>.</p> + +<p>Cut, <a href="#keruyng_wines">153/22</a>, cute +wine.</p> + +<p>Cute, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/118</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_3">p. 87, No. 3</a>, a +sweet wine.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Vin cuict.</i> Wine boyled on the fire to a certaine thicknesse, +and then put into vessells, and reserved for sweet sawces. Cot.</p> + +<p>Cute, <a href="#nurture_line_136">10/138</a>, +baking.</p> + +<p>Cute, gynger of iij, <a href="#nurture_line_156">11/159</a>.</p> + +<p>Cuttid, <a href="#nurture_line_304">20/305</a>, +short-coated.</p> + +<p>Cuttlefish, <a href="#keruyng_note_cottell">p. +174</a>.</p> + +<p>Cyueye (chive or onion sauce), hares and conies in, <a href="#recipes_hares">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘309’">146</ins></a>.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterD" id="letterD" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Dace, <a href="#nurture_line_572">40/575</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_575">p. 98, bottom</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_840">58/841</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Sophie</i> ... the Dace or Dare-fish. Cot.</p> + +<p>Damsons, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/77</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_77">p. 91, last note</a> +(wrongly headed, l. 177); <a href="#nurture_line_668">46/668</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/23</a>.</p> + +<p>Dangle like a bell, don’t, <a href="#dem_line_152">214/152</a>.</p> + +<p>Dates, <a href="#nurture_line_72">5/74</a>; +<a href="#nurture_note_99">p. 32, note <sup>2</sup></a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_728">51/731</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/21, 23</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_crab">p. 167</a>, last line.</p> + +<p>Dates in confite, <a href="#nurture_line_824">56/825</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +in confetes, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/11</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +capte with mynced ginger, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Daungeresnes, <a href="#nurture_line_656">46/659</a>, +of great difficulty.</p> + +<p>Daw, a, sticks its neck askew, <a href="#nurture_line_284">19/285</a>.</p> + +<p>Dean, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1016">70/1016</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1060">72/1060</a>.</p> + +<p>Debt, keep out of, <a href="#young_line_80">270/80</a>.</p> + +<p>Degree, University;</p> +<p class="inset"> +rank of clerks that have taken one, <a href="#nurture_line_1028">71/1028</a>.</p> + +<p>Degree (of men), the duty of each, <a href="#vertue_dutie">241-<ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘8’">3</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Delicatis, <a href="#nurture_line_712">50/713</a>; +delicacies.</p> + +<p>Delphin, or mermaid, <a href="#fish_capXXVII">p. +117</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Demeanor, The Booke of</i>, <a href="#demeanor">p. +207-14</a>.</p> + +<p>Demeene, <a href="#nurture_line_1160">78/1163</a>; +learn ? or arrange.</p> + +<p>Demurely, walk in the streets, <a href="#stans1_line_16">275</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_16">276/18</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">301</span> +<a name="page301" id="page301"> </a> +<!-- png 425 --> + +<p>Depelled, <a href="#harington_order">142/12</a>, driven +out.</p> + +<p>Dere, <a href="#nurture_line_684">47/684</a>, +injury.</p> + +<p>Deshe, <a href="#curt_line_20">177/20</a>, dais.</p> + +<p>Despisers of courtesy are not fit to sit at table, <a href="#lyt_line_96">271/99</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_136">181/137</a>.</p> + +<p>Dewe, <a href="#nurture_line_616">43/618</a>, of +water.</p> + +<p>Dewgarde, leche, <a href="#keruyng_service">157/10</a>.</p> + +<p>Dewynge, <a href="#nurture_line_732">51/732</a>, +service.</p> + +<p>Deynteithe, <a href="#nurture_line_752">52/752</a>, +? inclination, desire.</p> + +<p>Deynteithly, <a href="#nurture_line_812">55/814</a>, +toothsomely.</p> + +<p>Deyntethe, adj., <a href="#nurture_line_720">50/723</a>, toothsome, dainty.</p> + +<p>Deyntethe, sb., <a href="#curt_line_524">194/527</a>, +dainty.</p> + +<p>Diaper towel, <a href="#keruyng_cloth">154/31</a>.</p> + +<p>Diapery, towelle of, <a href="#nurture_line_192">13/193</a>.</p> + +<p>Diatrion piperion, to be used against rheums, <a href="#vaughan_15">p. 137</a>.</p> + +<p>Dice, don’t play at with your lord, <a href="#curt_line_228">184/228</a>.</p> + +<p>Diet, <a href="#nurture_line_488">31/488</a>, food.</p> + +<p>Diet, one for every day, <a href="#vaughan">p. +133</a>.</p> + +<p>Difence, <a href="#stans2_line_48">278/51</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +? Fr. <i>defense</i>, a reply, answer, argument, or allegation vsed, or +vrged in defence. Cot.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Faire defense</i> is now to forbid, prohibit.</p> + +<p>Dig your thumb into your nose, don’t, <a href="#curt_line_324">186/327</a>.</p> + +<p>Digest his stomak, his food, <a href="#nurture_line_944">65/947</a>.</p> + +<p>Digne, <a href="#nurture_line_1024">71/1024</a>, +worthy.</p> + +<p>Diligences, <a href="#nurture_line_1180">79/1183</a>, +duties.</p> + +<p>Dim sight, remedy for, <a href="#vaughan_7">p. +135</a>.</p> + +<p>Dinner described, from the laying of the cloth, <a href="#curt_line_652">199/655</a>, to the removal of the board +and trestles, <a href="#curt_line_820">204/822</a>.</p> + +<p>Dinner of flesh, <a href="#nurture_flesh_dinner">p. +48-50</a>, +<a href="#nurture_linenote_686">p. 100</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +of fish, <a href="#nurture_fish_dinner">p. 50-2</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +fruits to be eaten before, <a href="#nurture_line_664">46/667-8</a>.</p> + +<p>Dinner at noon, what the page is to do at, <a href="#bab_line_128">254/128</a>.</p> + +<p>Dinner and supper, the only meals allowed, <a href="#harington_mealtime">p. 141</a>.</p> + +<p>Dip your meat in the saltcellar, don’t.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Salt.</p> + +<p>Dipping slices of meat in sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_464">30/467</a>.</p> + +<p>Dirty clothes forbidden, <a href="#dem_line_164">214/167</a>.</p> + +<p>Disallow, <a href="#nurture_line_1180">29/1181</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Dischmetes</i>, <a href="#nurture_line_512">34/514</a>. <span class="notation">Entry added by editor</span></p> + +<p>Dise, <a href="#nurture_line_112">8/112</a>, an +adze?</p> + +<p>Dish taken away, don’t ask for it again, <a href="#bab_line_164">256/166</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_80">179/83</a>.</p> + +<p>Dish-side, spoon not to be laid on, <a href="#curt_line_72">179/73</a>; +<a href="#young_line_124">272/126</a>.</p> + +<p>Dismember, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, +carve.</p> + +<p><i>Dispendu</i>, <a href="#curt_line_540">201/543</a> +(? eatables, &c., not money), disposed of, consumed.</p> + +<p>Dispenses, <a href="#curt_line_552">195/555</a>, +payments, expenditure.</p> + +<p>Dissolute laughters, avoid, <a href="#stans1_line_20">275/20</a>.</p> + +<p>Diswere, <a href="#curt_line_436">191/436</a>, doubt. +Halliwell.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“Platt-D. <i>waren</i> is to certify, assure; to prove by witnesses, +&c.; <i>wahr</i>, true, is, I believe, what is certain, sure. ‘<i>Ik +will jou de Waarschup darvan bringen</i>,’ I will bring you the truth of +it, will bring you certain intelligence of it. <i>Diswere</i> then would +be uncertainty.”—H. Wedgwood.</p> + +<p>Do to others as you would they’d do to you, <a href="#curt_line_172">182/175</a>.</p> + +<p>Doctor of both laws (Canon and Civil), <i>utriusque juris</i>, +<a href="#nurture_line_1024">71/1024</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1060">72/1062</a>.</p> + +<p>Doctor of divinity, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1020">70/1021</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1060">72/1062</a>.</p> + +<p>Doctors of 12 years’ standing, rank above those of nine, <a href="#nurture_line_1152">77/1153</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">302</span> +<a name="page302" id="page302"> </a> +<!-- png 426 --> + +<p>Document, <a href="#bab_line_4">250/6</a>, L. +<i>documentum</i>, that which teaches, a lesson, example for +instruction; Fr. <i>document</i>, precept, instruction, admonition. +Cot.</p> + +<p>Dog, don’t claw yours at dinner, <a href="#curt_line_84">179/87</a>.</p> + +<p>Dogs to be turned out of bedrooms, <a href="#nurture_line_968">66/969</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_970">p. 109</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_ready">169/33</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +One reason for turning dogs out of the bedroom at night is given in +Palsgrave’s “I wolde gladly yonder dogge were hanged, he never ceased +whowlyng all nyght,” p. 784-5.</p> + +<p>Donne, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/23</a>, down.</p> + +<p>Dorray, <a href="#nurture_line_732">51/733</a>, +dorée.</p> + +<p>Doree, the fish, <a href="#nurture_line_580">41/582</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/12</a>.</p> + +<p>Dosurs, <a href="#curt_line_388">189/391</a>, canopies, +hangings:</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘Docere of an halle: <i>Dorsorium, auleum</i>.’ Prompt. Fr.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Vn</i> dossier <i>de pavillon</i>. The head of a Pauillion, or +Canopie; the peece that hangs down at the head thereof. Cot.</p> + +<p>Doted daf (confounded ass, stupid fool), don’t be one, <a href="#curt_line_324">186/326</a>.</p> + +<p>Doublet, <a href="#nurture_line_872">60/872</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_892">61/892</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_896">62/899</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_chamber">169/1</a>.</p> + +<p>Douȝ, <a href="#nurture_line_616">43/618</a>, soft, +fresh (water).</p> + +<p>Dowcetes, dowcettes, a dish, <a href="#nurture_line_492">32/494</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +recipe at <a href="#recipes_hares">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘309’">146</ins></a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_696">49/699</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_808">54/809</a>.</p> + +<p>Dowled drink not to be given to any one, <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">154/22</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>dowld</i>, dead, flat (Yorkshire), Halliwell; not ‘<i>dollyd</i>, sum +what hotte, <i>tepefactus</i>.’ Prompt.</p> + +<p>Dowt, <a href="#nurture_line_1188">79/1188</a>, +fear.</p> + +<p>Doyle, <a href="#nurture_line_284">19/285</a>, +skew.</p> + +<p>Draconites, <a href="#harington_business">141/7</a>, +the dragonstone.</p> + +<p>Dragons herbe, <a href="#vaughan_6">p. 134</a>.</p> + +<p>Drapery, <a href="#nurture_line_944">64/946</a>, +cloths.</p> + +<p>Draughtes, <a href="#nurture_line_388">25/388</a>, +drawn lines, scorings.</p> + +<p>Dresser, in the kitchen, <a href="#curt_line_556">195/557</a>.</p> + +<p>Dressing described, <a href="#keruyng_chamber">p. +168-9</a>.</p> + +<p>Drink hinders digestion, <a href="#vaughan_10">p. +136</a>.</p> + +<p>Drink, how assayed, <a href="#curt_line_784">203/785-93</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to hand, <a href="#dem_line_8">209/9</a>.</p> + +<p>Drink not behind a man’s back, <a href="#lyt_line_72">269/75</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +wipe your mouth first, <a href="#young_line_104">272/105</a>.</p> + +<p>Drink all in the cup, don’t, <a href="#curt_line_288">185/289</a>.</p> + +<p>Drink with full mouth, don’t, <a href="#young_line_108">272/110</a>.</p> + +<p>Drink moderately, <a href="#stans1_line_72">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_72">280/73</a>.</p> + +<p>Drivel not with your mouth, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/292</a>.</p> + +<p>Drop soup on your breast, don’t, <a href="#stans1_line_56">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_56">280/57</a>.</p> + +<p>Dropynge from the eyes, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/283</a>.</p> + +<p>Drunk, don’t get, <a href="#lerne_line_4">p. 258</a>, +<a href="#abc_d">p. 260</a>, l. D.</p> + +<p>Drunkelewe, <a href="#gross_iv">216/1</a>, drunken;</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘drunkelew <i>ebriosus</i>.<ins class="mycorr" title="’ missing">’ +</ins>Prompt.</p> +<p class="inset"> +For the <i>-lewe</i> = <i>-ly</i>; cp. ‘delicat horses that ben holden +for delyt, that they ben so faire, fat, and <i>costlewe</i>.<ins class="mycorr" title="’ missing">’ </ins>Chaucer. <i>Parsones Tale</i>, +Poet. Works, ed. Morris, iii. 298; <i>costlewe</i> furring in here +gownes, <i>ib.</i> p. 296.</p> + +<p>Drunken servants to be turned away, <a href="#gross_iv">216/1</a>.</p> + +<p>Dry thy mouth before drinking, <a href="#curt_line_80">179/81</a>.</p> + +<p>Duchess, <a href="#curt_line_680">200/680</a>.</p> + +<p>Duck: see <i>Mallard</i>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘The ducke maketh a clere voyce, & causeth ma<i>n</i> to lay gladdly +in the armes & geueth hy<i>m</i> the sede of nature / & the +sewet is +<span class="pagenum">303</span> +<a name="page303" id="page303"> </a> +<!-- png 427 --> +of it very good to souple all maner of paynes in the bodi of +man.”—<i>Noble Lyfe.</i> L. i. back.</p> + +<p>Dugard, leche, <a href="#nurture_line_708">50/708</a>.</p> + +<p>Duke of royal blood, <a href="#nurture_line_1008">70/1011</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1048">72/1048</a>.</p> + +<p>Duke to dine alone, <a href="#keruyng_marshal">171/4</a>.</p> + +<p>Dumb, don’t be, <a href="#curt_line_252">184/255</a>.</p> + +<p>Dysfygure, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, +carve.</p> + +<p>Dysplaye, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, +carve.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterE" id="letterE" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Earl, the lowest rank for which food was tasted by a servant, <a href="#nurture_line_1196">80/1198</a>.</p> + +<p>Ears, not to be picked, <a href="#lyt_line_32">267/33</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_288">19/289</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be kept clean, <a href="#vert_line_96">226/99</a>.</p> + +<p>Ease (quiet), live in, <a href="#young_line_80">270/82</a>.</p> + +<p>Easter-day feast, <a href="#keruyng_feast_easter">p. +160</a>.</p> + +<p>Easter to Whit-sunday, feasts and service from, <a href="#keruyng_feast_easter">p. 160</a>.</p> + +<p>Eat properly, <a href="#urban_line_40">263/40</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not hastily, <a href="#lyt_line_16">265/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Eat, don’t, till your mess is brought from the kitchen, <a href="#curt_line_40">178/43</a>.</p> + +<p>Echeola, the pearl-muscle, <a href="#fish_capXXXI">p. +117</a>.</p> + +<p>Echynus, <a href="#fish_capXXXVI">p. 118</a>.</p> + +<p>Edwite, <a href="#stans2_line_28">278/28</a>, blame, +reproach, turt; A.S. <i>edwítan.</i></p> + +<p>Eel, salt, <a href="#nurture_line_832">57/834</a>.</p> + +<p>Eels, bred from slime, <a href="#fish_capII">p. +114</a>.</p> + +<p>Eels, roasted, <a href="#nurture_line_588">41/588</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_848">58/848</a>.</p> + +<p>Eels, names of, <a href="#nurture_linenote_fish">p. +99</a>.</p> + +<p>Eels, <a href="#nurture_line_716">50/719</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_736">51/737</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_820">55/820</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_737">p. 104</a><ins class="mycorr" title=". missing">. </ins></p> + +<p>Eernesful, <a href="#abc_d">p. 260</a>, l. E;</p> +<p class="inset"> +A.S. <i>geornes</i>, earnestness; <i>geornfull</i>, full of desire, +eager, anxious.</p> + +<p>Egestyon, <a href="#borde_stool">130/15</a>, +evacuations.</p> + +<p>Egge, <a href="#nurture_line_332">22/335</a>, edge.</p> + +<p>Eggs, <a href="#nurture_line_800">54/803</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_804">p. 106</a>.</p> + +<p>Egre, <a href="#nurture_line_836">57/837</a>; Fr. +<i>aigre</i>, eagre, sharpe, tart, biting, sower. Cot.</p> + +<p>Egret, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/539</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_540a">p. 97</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_696">49/697</a>, great white +heron.</p> + +<p>Egret, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_420">27/421</a>; to breke or carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. 162</a>.</p> + +<p>Elbows, don’t lean on, at meals, <a href="#lyt_line_44">267/45</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_124">180/125</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Elemosinarius</i>, <a href="#curtasye_almoner">201/728-9</a>, the Almoner.</p> + +<p>Elenge, <a href="#abc_d">p. 260</a>, l. E.</p> + +<p>Elephant, don’t you snuffle like he does, <a href="#dem_line_56">211/59</a>.</p> + +<p>Elizabeth, <a href="#lyt_line_4">265/6</a>; +<a href="#young_line_8">266/8</a>.</p> + +<p>Embrowyng, <a href="#bab_line_144">255/147</a>, +dirtying, soiling;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>embroué</i>, bedurtied, soiled, defiled. Cot.</p> + +<p>Emperialle, <a href="#nurture_line_228">15/231</a>, set +out, deck, adorn.</p> + +<p>Emperor, after the pope, <a href="#nurture_line_1004">70/1006</a>.</p> + +<p>Empty your mouth before speaking, <a href="#urban_line_56">263/59</a>; +<a href="#young_line_108">272/110</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_32">277/32</a>; +<a href="#stans2_line_32">278/32</a>.</p> + +<table class="fullsize" summary="paired words"> +<tr class="space"> +<td>Enboce, <a href="#stans1_line_28">p. 277</a>,</td> +<td class="leftbracket small" rowspan="2">l. 31, stuff out;</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Enbrace, <a href="#stans2_line_28">p. 278</a>,</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="inset"> +? Fr. <i>emboucher</i>, to mouth or put into the mouth of.</p> + +<p>Enbrewe, <a href="#nurture_line_328">22/331</a>, dirty, +soil.</p> + +<p>Enbrowide, <a href="#stans2_line_36">278/39</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>embroué</i>, ... bedurtied, soiled, defiled. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Enbrowynge, <a href="#nurture_line_468">30/468</a>, +soiling, dirtying.</p> + +<p>Enclyne, <a href="#curt_line_20">177/23</a>, bow.</p> + +<p>End of a meal, what to do at the, <a href="#bab_line_188">257/190</a>.</p> + +<p>Endoured, <a href="#keruyng_feast_easter">161/3</a>, +glazed;</p> +<p class="inset"> +endoured pygyons, <a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn">164/15</a>.</p> + +<p>Endure, <a href="#nurture_line_524">35/524</a>, make to +last;</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘<i>endurer faut pour durer</i>:’ Pro. To dure we must endure. +Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Enemies, man’s three, <a href="#curt_line_216">183/219</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">304</span> +<a name="page304" id="page304"> </a> +<!-- png 428 --> + +<p>Englandis gise, a flesh feast after, <a href="#nurture_line_524">35/526</a>.</p> + +<p>Enlased, <a href="#nurture_line_412">26/412</a>, cut +up, carved.</p> + +<p>Enourmyd, <a href="#bab_line_16">250/17</a>, adorned; +O. Fr. <i>aorner</i>, L. <i>adornare</i>; not <i>enorer</i>, honour.</p> + +<p>Entende, <a href="#nurture_line_936">64/936, 939</a>, +attend.</p> + +<p>Entendyng, <a href="#nurture_line_664">46/665</a>, +listening for orders, attending.</p> + +<p>Enter a lord’s place, how to, <a href="#bab_line_56">252/58</a>.</p> + +<p>Entremete, <a href="#bab_line_108">254/109</a>, +interfere.</p> + +<p>Envy no one, <a href="#vert_line_792">237/795</a>.</p> + +<p>Equal, give way to your, <a href="#curt_line_276">185/276</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t play with him, <a href="#urban_line_76">264/77</a>.</p> + +<p>Errands, going, <a href="#dem_line_12">209/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Esox, a fish of the Danube, <a href="#fish_capXXXVII">p. 118</a>.</p> + +<p>Esquyere, þe body, <a href="#nurture_line_1016">70/1016</a>, the Esquire of the King’s +person.</p> + +<p>Est, <a href="#curt_line_344">187/346</a>, host.</p> + +<p>Estate, how to lay or make, with a cloth, <a href="#nurture_line_192">13/192</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_152">17/152</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_237">p. 92</a>.</p> + +<p>Estate, <a href="#nurture_line_956">65/957</a>, rank, +<a href="#nurture_line_1072">73/1072-3</a>.</p> + +<p>Estates, <a href="#nurture_line_1052">72/1053</a>, +ranks, persons.</p> + +<p>Euwere, <a href="#curt_line_640">199/641</a>, +water-bringer;</p> +<p class="inset"> +L. <i>aquarius</i>, Fr. <i>eauïer</i>, is a gutter, channell, sinke, +sewer, for the voiding of foule water. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Evacuate yourself, <a href="#vaughan_3">p. 133</a>.</p> + +<p>Evy, <a href="#nurture_line_88">7/91</a>, heavy.</p> + +<p>Ewer, <a href="#nurture_line_936">64/937</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_412">231/413</a>, jug of water;</p> +<p class="inset"> +water-bearer, <a href="#curtasye_ewerer">199/641, 655</a>, +&c.</p> + +<p>Ewerer, strains water into the basins, <a href="#curt_line_692">200/695</a>.</p> + +<p>Ewery, <a href="#nurture_line_192">13/192</a>, drinking +vessels.</p> + +<p>Ewery, <a href="#keruyng_cloth">154/31</a>, stand or +cupboard for water-vessels;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to dress it, <a href="#keruyng_bread">155/23</a>.</p> + +<p>Exonerate, <a href="#borde_stool">130/16</a>, unload, +disburden.</p> + +<p>Eyebright water, <a href="#vaughan_7">135/2</a>.</p> + +<p>Eyes, don’t make ’em water by drinking too much, <a href="#urban_line_56">263/57</a>.</p> + +<p>Eyes, don’t wipe ’em on the table-cloth, <a href="#curt_line_116">180/116</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +wash them, <a href="#vaughan_7">p. 134</a>; +<a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>.</p> + +<p>Eyes, how to use the, <a href="#dem_line_32">210/33</a>.</p> + +<p>Eyes, not to be cast about, <a href="#stans1_line_8">275</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_8">276/8</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_676">231/679</a>.</p> + +<p>Eyroun, <a href="#recipes_hares">p. 146</a>, eggs.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterF" id="letterF" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Facche, <a href="#nurture_line_596">42/599</a>, +fetch.</p> + +<p>Face, look in the man’s you’re speaking to, <a href="#urban_line_16">262/16</a>; +<a href="#young_line_64">270/67</a>.</p> + +<p>Facett, <a href="#bab_line_8">250/8</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Facet</i>: m. A Primmer, or Grammer for a young scholler. +Cotgrave.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Faceet, booke, <i>Facetus</i> (well-speaking, polite). Pr. Parv.</p> + +<p>Falconers, <a href="#curt_line_564">195/564</a>.</p> + +<p>Fall, if any one does, don’t laugh at him, <a href="#curt_line_232">184/235</a>.</p> + +<p>Familiar, don’t be too, <a href="#lerne_line_4">p. +258</a>, F; <a href="#abc_d">p. 260</a>, line F.</p> + +<p>Familiar friends, always admit, <a href="#gross_xv">p. +217, No. xv</a>.</p> + +<p>Fande, <a href="#nurture_line_1140">76/1143</a>, try, +experience?</p> + +<p>Fangle, <a href="#vert_line_268">229/268</a>, toy, +thing.</p> + +<p>Farsed, <a href="#nurture_line_356">23/358</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_358">p. 94</a>, stuffed.</p> + +<p>Fast now and then, <a href="#harington_order">p. +142</a>.</p> + +<p>Father and mother; worship and serve them, <a href="#curt_line_172">182/172</a>.</p> + +<p>Fathers and mothers, duty of, <a href="#vert_duty_4">241/4</a>.</p> + +<p>Fatnes, <a href="#stans1_line_36">277/37</a>; +<a href="#stans2_line_36">278/39</a>, fat, grease.</p> + +<p>Faucettes, <a href="#keruyng_butler">152/16</a>, +taps.</p> + +<p>Fawcet, <a href="#nurture_line_68">5/68</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_68">p. 84</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_butler">152/16</a>, a tap.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Yn tyme therfore tye vp your tryacle tappe; Let +<span class="pagenum">305</span> +<a name="page305" id="page305"> </a> +<!-- png 429 --> +not to long thy <i>fawset</i> renne. Piers of Fullham, l. 228-9. +<i>Early Pop. P.</i>, v. 2, p. 10.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Stryke out the heed of your vesselles, our men be to thrustye to tarye +tyll their drinke be drawen with a <i>faulsed</i>. Palsgrave, +p. 740, col. 1.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Guille</i>: f. The quille or <i>faucet</i> of a wine vessell. +Cot.</p> + +<p>Fawn, <a href="#nurture_line_692">49/694</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_440">28/441</a>.</p> + +<p>Fawn, and ginger sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/537</a>.</p> + +<p>Fawte, <a href="#nurture_line_1236">82/1238</a>, make +default or mistakes.</p> + +<p>Fayge, fruyter, <a href="#keruyng_tag_fayge">157/10</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_note_fayge">p. 173</a>.</p> + +<p>Featherbed to be beaten, <a href="#nurture_line_920">63/921</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_ready">169/12</a>.</p> + +<p>Feed elegantly, <a href="#bab_line_184">256/185</a>.</p> + +<p>Feede onely twice a day, <a href="#harington_mealtime">p. 141</a>.</p> + +<p>Feet to be kept still, <a href="#young_line_64">270/66</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_4">275/7</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_56">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_56">280/56</a>.</p> + +<p>Feet and hands together, <a href="#vert_line_676">235/677</a>.</p> + +<p>Feet, what birds to be served with their, <a href="#nurture_line_432">28/435</a>.</p> + +<p>Fele, <a href="#nurture_line_156">11/155, 157</a>, +perceive, taste;</p> +<p class="inset"> +<a href="#nurture_line_364">24/364</a>, ? taste or +see;</p> +<p class="inset"> +<a href="#nurture_line_348">23/349</a>, understand.</p> + +<p>Feleyly, <a href="#young_line_92">270/94</a>, fellowly, +sociable.</p> + +<p>Felle, <a href="#urban_line_20">262/21</a>; +<a href="#urban_line_88">264/89</a>; ? stern, or +discreet.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Cold.</p> + +<p>Fende, <a href="#nurture_line_1232">82/1233</a>, +defend.</p> + +<p>Fenel-water, <a href="#harington_summer">p. +139</a>.</p> + +<p>Fenelle, the brown, <a href="#nurture_line_988">67/991</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Fercularius</i>, <a href="#curt_line_748">202/749</a>, the Sewer.</p> + +<p>Fere, <a href="#nurture_line_716">50/719</a>, company; +<i>in fere</i>, together.</p> + +<p>Fere, <a href="#nurture_line_772"><ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘83’">53</ins>/774</a>, companion.</p> + +<p>Fermys, <a href="#curt_line_596">197/596</a>, +rents;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>ferme</i>, a farme or lease, a thing farmed, a toll, rent, mannor +or demesne in farme. Cot.</p> + +<p>Ferour, <a href="#curt_line_612">197/612, 615</a>, +farrier;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Mareschal ferrant.</i> Cot.</p> + +<p>Few words, use, <a href="#young_line_72">270/73</a>.</p> + +<p>Fieldfares, <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Fieldmen, how they fly at their food, <a href="#bab_line_176">256/176</a>.</p> + +<p>Figs, fritters of, <a href="#recipes_fritters">p. +145</a>.</p> + +<p>Figs, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/21</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/18</a>,</p> +<p class="inset"> +in Cornwall, raisins are called figs, ‘a thoomping <i>figgy</i> pudden,’ +a big plum pudding. <i>Spec. of Cornish Dialect</i>, p. 53.</p> + +<p>Filthy talking, against, <a href="#vert_chap_xii">239, +cap. xii</a>.</p> + +<p>Finger, don’t point with, <a href="#young_line_68">270/69</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t mark your tale with, <a href="#stans1_line_68">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_68">280/71</a>.</p> + +<p>Fingering, avoid it, <a href="#curt_line_248">184/249</a>.</p> + +<p>Fingers, meat to be eaten with, <a href="#lyt_line_52">269/55</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +nose not to be blown with, <a href="#urban_line_16">262/19</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_284"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘118’">18</ins>/284</a>; +<a href="#dem_line_48">210/51</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not to be put in one’s cup, <a href="#nurture_line_272"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘118’">18</ins>/272</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +or on the dish, <a href="#lyt_line_24">267/27</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +keep ’em clean, <a href="#young_line_104">272/107</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +wipe ’em on a napkin, <a href="#vert_line_464">232/465</a>.</p> + +<p>Fingers, two, & a thumb, to be put on a knife, <a href="#nurture_line_320">21/320-4</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_324">22/326</a>.</p> + +<p>Fingers and hands, keep still, <a href="#stans1_line_4">275/7</a>; +<a href="#stans2_line_4">276/7</a>.</p> + +<p>Fingers and toes to be kept still, <a href="#curt_line_320">186/320</a>.</p> + +<p>Fins of fish to be cut off, <a href="#nurture_line_560">39/560</a>.</p> + +<p>Fire at meals in winter, <a href="#harington_mealtime">p. 142</a>.</p> + +<p>Fire, have a good one, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/20</a>.</p> + +<p>Fire in bed-room, <a href="#borde">p. 128</a>.</p> + +<p>Fire in hall at every meal from Nov. 1 to Feb. 2, <a href="#curtasye_fire">189/393-8</a>.</p> + +<p>Fire to dress by, <a href="#nurture_line_888">61/888</a>.</p> + +<p>Fire to be clear, <a href="#nurture_line_876">60/877</a>.</p> + +<p>Fire-screens for a lord, <a href="#curt_line_460">192/462</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">306</span> +<a name="page306" id="page306"> </a> +<!-- png 430 --> + +<p>First course of fish, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">p. +166</a>.</p> + +<p>Fish, a dinner of, three courses, & one of fruit, <a href="#nurture_fish_dinner">p. 50</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Ieune chair vieil poisson</i>: Prov. Old flesh and young fish (is fit +for the dish). Cot.</p> + +<p>Fish, carving & dressing of, <a href="#nurture_fish">p. 37</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_546">p. 98, &c.</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">p. 166</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how assayed, <a href="#curt_line_764">203/767-70</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +sauces for, <a href="#nurture_sauce_fish">p. 56</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/4</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +sewynge or courses of, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">p. +166</a>.</p> + +<p>Fish, salt, <a href="#nurture_line_832">57/833</a>.</p> + +<p>Fish, names of, from Yarrell, <a href="#nurture_yarrell">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘152’">110</ins></a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +extracts from Laurens Andrewe on, <a href="#andrewe_fish">p. 113</a>.</p> + +<p>Fisshe, <a href="#fish_capLXXIX">p. 121</a>, +<a href="#fish_capXCIII">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘122’">123</ins></a>, the flesh or body of fish.</p> + +<p>Fist, close your hand in it, <a href="#urban_line_68">264/71</a>; keep your opinions to +yourself.</p> + +<p>Fist, not to be put on the table, <a href="#lyt_line_44">267/45</a>.</p> + +<p>Fit servants only to be engaged, <a href="#gross_iii">p. 215</a>.</p> + +<p>Flapjack, <a href="#nurture_linenote_492b">96/13</a>, a +fried cake.</p> + +<p>Flasche, <a href="#nurture_line_984">65/985</a>, +dash.</p> + +<p>Flauer, <a href="#borde_nightcap">130/11</a>, warm +& air.</p> + +<p>Flaunes, <a href="#keruyng_tag_flawn">161/4</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_note_flawn">p. 173</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +flawne, <a href="#nurture_linenote_492">96/12</a>, a kind +of tart;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>flans</i>: m. Flawnes, Custards, Egge-pies. Cotgrave. Du. <i>een +kees vlaeye</i>, a Cheese-cake or Flawne. Hexham.</p> + +<p>Flax, wild, <a href="#nurture_line_992">69/994</a>.</p> + +<p>Flea, don’t scratch after one, <a href="#nurture_line_276">18/279</a>.</p> + +<p>Flemings, great drinkers, <a href="#borde_note_4">p. +131, note</a>.</p> + +<p>Flesche-mought, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/280</a>, +louse.</p> + +<p>Flesh, carving of, <a href="#nurture_flesh">p. <ins +class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘26’">24</ins></a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh">p. 157</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how assayed, <a href="#curt_line_764">203/767-70</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +sauces for, <a href="#nurture_sauce">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘39’">35</ins></a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +sewynge or succession of dishes of, <a href="#keruyng_sew_table">p. 156</a>.</p> + +<p>Flesh, a dinner of, <a href="#nurture_flesh_dinner">p. +<ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘40’">48</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Flette, <a href="#curt_line_708">201/711</a>, room, +floor.</p> + +<p><i>Fleumaticus</i>, <a href="#nurture_line_792">54/792</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_788">p. 104</a>.</p> + +<p>Flewische, <a href="#nurture_line_776">53/777</a>, +melancholy.</p> + +<p>Flounders, <a href="#nurture_line_816">55/819</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_840">58/842</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/10</a>.</p> + +<p>Flyte, <a href="#curt_line_52">178/54</a>, quarrel; +don’t, <a href="#young_line_92">270/92</a>.</p> + +<p>Focas or phocas, <a href="#fish_capXXXVIII">p. +118</a>.</p> + +<p>Follow your better, how to, <a href="#urban_line_80">264/83</a>-6.</p> + +<p>Foole, <a href="#nurture_linenote_492">96/12</a>, as in +gooseberry-fool.</p> + +<p>Foot-cushion, <a href="#nurture_line_880">61/882-4</a>.</p> + +<p>Footmen to run by ladies’ bridles, <a href="#curt_line_620">198/621</a>.</p> + +<p>Foot-sheet, how to prepare it, <a href="#nurture_line_876">61/879-84</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_956">65/956</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_988">67/988</a>.</p> + +<p>Foot-sheet, the lord sits on it while he is undressed for bed, +<a href="#curt_line_488">193/488</a>.</p> + +<p>For, <a href="#nurture_line_32">3/34</a>, because;</p> +<p class="inset"> +178/42, notwithstanding.</p> + +<p>For, <a href="#nurture_line_272">18/275</a>, against, +to stop or prevent.</p> + +<p>Forcast, <a href="#curt_line_104">180/104</a>, plot, +scheme for.</p> + +<p>Forder, <a href="#vert_line_696">235/698</a>, +further.</p> + +<p>Fordo, <a href="#curt_line_100">180/100</a>, done for, +killed.</p> + +<p>Forehead, to be joyful, <a href="#dem_line_36"><ins +class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘170’">210</ins>/37</a>.</p> + +<p>Forenoon, work in the, <a href="#harington_business">p. +141</a>.</p> + +<p>Forewryter, <a href="#nurture_line_1240">77/1243</a>, +transcriber?</p> + +<p>Forfeits to a lord, go to the treasurer, <a href="#curt_line_576">196/577</a>.</p> + +<p>Forfetis, <a href="#stans1_line_52">281/52</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>forfaict</i>: m. A crime, sinne, fault, misdeed, offence, +trespasse, transgression. Cot.</p> + +<p>Forgive, <a href="#curt_line_184">182/185</a>.</p> + +<p>Formes, <a href="#curt_line_388">189/389</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_464">192/464</a>, forms, benches.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">307</span> +<a name="page307" id="page307"> </a> +<!-- png 431 --> + +<p>Foul tales, don’t tell, at table <a href="#bab_line_140">255/140</a>.</p> + +<p>Fourpence a piece for hire of horses, <a href="#curt_line_376">188/376</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Notes, <a href="#curtasye_notes">p. +283</a>.</p> + +<p>Four slices in each bit of meat, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/18</a>.</p> + +<p>Foxskin garments for winter, <a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>.</p> + +<p>Franklin, a feast for one, <a href="#nurture_franklin">p. 54</a>.</p> + +<p>Franklins, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1068">71/1071</a>.</p> + +<p>Fray, <a href="#nurture_line_1208">81/1210</a>, +fright.</p> + +<p>Freke, <a href="#curt_line_252">184/255</a>, man, +fellow; A.S. <i>freca</i>, one who is bold.</p> + +<p>Fretoure powche, <a href="#nurture_line_700">49/700</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +fruture sage, <a href="#nurture_line_708">50/708</a>.</p> + +<p>Friars, give way to them on pilgrimages, <a href="#curt_line_300">186/303</a>.</p> + +<p>Fricacion, or rubbing of the body, is good, <a href="#borde_note_3">p. 130 n</a>.</p> + +<p>Fried things are fumose or indigestible, <a href="#nurture_line_356">21/358</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_500">30/500</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_512">32/512</a>; <ins class="mycorr" title="citation unidentified">54/6</ins>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +They generally came in the last course (see <i>Modus Cenandi</i>). Du +Guez, after speaking of the English dishes in order, pottage, beef, +mutton, capons, river birds, game, and lastly, small birds, says, +“howbeit that in Spaine and in Fraunce the use [succession at dinner] of +suche metes is more to be commended than ours ... for they begynne +always with the best, and ende with the most grosse, which they leave +for the servantes, where-as we do al the contrary,” p. 1072.</p> + +<p>Friend, don’t mistrust or fail him, <a href="#counsel">219/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Friendly, don’t be too, <a href="#lerne_line_4">p. +258</a>, +<a href="#abc_d">p. 260</a>, line F.</p> + +<p>Friezeadow coats for winter, <a href="#vaughan_4">p. +<ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘127’">133</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Fritters, <a href="#nurture_line_500">33/501</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_508">34/511</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_724">51/725, 737</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_808">54/810</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/24-6</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost"><ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘161’">163</ins>/32</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell"><ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘163’">165</ins>/3</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Fruter, &c.</p> + +<p>Friture, a, <a href="#nurture_line_724">51/725</a>.</p> + +<p>Frogs shelter themselves under the leaves of <i>Scabiosa</i>, <a href="#nurture_linenote_987">p. 109, note on +l. 987</a>.</p> + +<p>Frote, <a href="#nurture_line_288">19/288</a>, wring, +twist. Fretyn or chervyn (chorvyn), <i>Torqueo.</i> Prompt.</p> + +<p>Frown, don’t, <a href="#dem_line_132"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘173’">213</ins>/132</a>.</p> + +<p>Froyze, <a href="#nurture_linenote_492a">96/13</a>, +pancake, or omelet.</p> + +<p>Fruits to be eaten before dinner, <a href="#nurture_line_664">46/667-8</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +But of all maner of meate, the moost daungerous is that whiche is of +fruites (<i>fruitz crudz</i>), as cheres, small cheryse +(<i>guingues</i><a class="tag" name="index_tag_2" id="index_tag_2" +href="#index_note_2">2</a>), great cherise (<i>gascongnes</i>), +strauberis, fryberis (<i>framboises</i>) mulberis, <i>cornelles</i>,<a +class="tag" name="index_tag_3" id="index_tag_3" href="#index_note_3">3</a> preunes, chestaynes nuts, fylberdes, walnuttes, +cervyse, medlers, aples, peres, peches, melons, <i>concombres</i>, and +all other kyndes of fruites, howbeit that youth, bycause of heate and +moystnesse, doth dygest them better than age dothe. <i>Du Guez’s +Introductorie</i>, p. 1073-4.</p> + +<p>Frumenty potage, <a href="#nurture_line_388">25/391</a>, furmity.</p> + +<p>Frumenty, <a href="#nurture_line_544">37/547</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_548">38/549</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +with venesoun, <a href="#nurture_line_516">33/518</a>.</p> + +<p>Frusshe, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, +carve.</p> + +<p>Fruter Crispin & Napkin, <a href="#nurture_linenote_501">p. 96</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">308</span> +<a name="page308" id="page308"> </a> +<!-- png 432 --> + +<p>Fruture viant, sawge & pouche, <a href="#nurture_line_500">33/501</a>, ? meat, sage, & +poached fritters.</p> + +<p>Fruturs, <a href="#nurture_line_508">34/511</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fruyters, <a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘161’">163</ins>/32</a>, fritters;</p> +<p class="inset"> +recipes for, <a href="#recipes_fritters">p. 145</a>.</p> + +<p>Fryture, a, <a href="#nurture_line_736">51/737</a>, +fritter.</p> + +<p>Fuel, a groom for, <a href="#curt_line_384">189/385</a>.</p> + +<p>Full belly and hungry, <a href="#lyt_line_16">265/17</a>.</p> + +<p>Fumose, <a href="#nurture_line_352">23/353</a>, +fume-creating, indigestible.</p> + +<p>Fumositees, <a href="#nurture_fumos">p. 23-4</a>.</p> + +<p>Fumosities, <a href="#nurture_fumos">p. 23</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_348">p. 94</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_terms">151/4</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh">p. 158</a>,</p> +<p class="inset"> +indigestibilities, indigestible things creating noxious fumes in the +belly that ascend to the brain;</p> +<p class="inset"> +such to be set aside, <a href="#nurture_line_396">25/396</a>.</p> + +<p>Fumosity, <a href="#nurture_line_104">8/105</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_105">p. 86</a>.</p> + +<p>Furs to be brushed every week, <a href="#nurture_line_940">64/943</a>.</p> + +<p>Fustian, <a href="#nurture_line_920">63/922</a>, a +cloth over and under the sheets of a bed.</p> + +<p>Fustyan, whyte, <a href="#borde_nightcap">130/2</a>.</p> + +<p>Fygges, <a href="#nurture_line_72">5/74</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_74">p. 84</a>, figs.</p> + +<p>Fyle, <a href="#curt_line_432">191/435</a>, fill?</p> + +<p>Fylour, <a href="#curt_line_444">191/447</a>, a rod on +which the bed-curtains hung.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“<i>Fylour</i> looks like <i>felloe</i>, G. <i>felge</i>, which is +explained as something bent round; it would apply to the curtain-rod +round the top of the bed.” Wedgwood.</p> + +<p>Fylynge, <a href="#urban_line_52">263/52</a>, +dirtying;</p> +<p class="inset"> +A.S. <i>fúlian</i>, to foul; <i>fýlnes</i>, foulnes; <i>fýlđ</i>, +filth.</p> + +<p>Fynne, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, cut up.</p> + +<p>Fyr, <a href="#curt_line_232">184/232</a>, further.</p> + +<p>Fyr hous, <a href="#curt_line_512">194/514</a>, +privy?</p> + +<p>Fysegge, <a href="#gross_x">p. 216, No. x</a>, phiz, +face.</p> + +<p>Fytt, <a href="#curt_line_804"><ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘213’">204</ins>/806</a>, section of a poem.</p> + +<p>Fytte, <a href="#nurture_line_980">67/980</a>, while, +time.</p> + +<p>Fyxfax, to be taken out of the neck, <a href="#nurture_line_444">28/444</a>.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterG" id="letterG" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Gabriel, angel, <a href="#lyt_line_4">265/5</a>; +<a href="#young_line_4">266/7</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_692"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘148’">48</ins>/692</a>.</p> + +<p>Galantyne sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_568">40/569</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_840">58/840</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_crab">167/27, 29</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/9</a>.</p> + +<p>Galantyne, to be mixed with lamprey pie, <a href="#nurture_line_632">44/634</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +recipe for, <a href="#nurture_linenote_634">p. +100</a>.</p> + +<p>Galingale, <a href="#nurture_note_178">p. 44</a>, last +line but one; <a href="#nurture_linenote_634">p. +100</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Galingale</i>: Sp. <i>Júncia avellanda</i>, <i>Júnca odoróso</i>, +galingale.—Minsheu. +<span class="notation">Reference added by editor</span></p> + +<p>Gallants, shortcoated, denounced, <a href="#nurture_line_304">20/305</a>.</p> + +<p>Galleymawfrey, <a href="#nurture_linenote_492">96/14</a>, a dish.</p> + +<p>Gallowgrass, <a href="#weed_hempe">p. 124</a>.</p> + +<p>Game, some, to be played before going to business, <a href="#borde_mass">p. 131</a>.</p> + +<p>Gamelyn sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/539</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_540">37/541</a>.</p> + +<p>Gaming, the fruits of, <a href="#vert_chap_vi">234, +cap. vi</a>.</p> + +<p>Ganynge, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/294</a>, +yawning:</p> +<p class="inset"> +Ganynge or Ȝanynge, <i>Oscitus</i>. Prompt. I gane, or gape, or yane, +<i>ie baille</i>. Palsgrave, <i>ib.</i> “I <i>yane</i>, I gaspe or gape. +<i>Je baille.</i>” Palsgrave.</p> + +<p>Gape not, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/294</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +when going to eat, <a href="#young_line_64">272/65</a>.</p> + +<p>Gaping is rude, <a href="#dem_line_76">211/77</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Garcio</i>, <a href="#curtasye_groom">191/434-5</a>, +groom (of the chamber).</p> + +<p>Gardevyan, <a href="#nurture_line_1200">80/1202</a>, a +safe for meat.</p> + +<p>Gares, <a href="#curt_line_420">190/420</a>, +causes.</p> + +<p>Garlic, <a href="#nurture_line_840">58/843</a>.</p> + +<p>Garlic, the sauce for roast beef and goose, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/536</a>.</p> + +<p>Garlic, green, with goose, <a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">164/2</a>.</p> + +<p>Gastarios, a fish, <a href="#fish_capXL">p. +118</a>.</p> + +<p>Gate, on coming to a lord’s, what to do, <a href="#curt_line_4">177/5</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +See also <a href="#bab_line_56">252/58</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">309</span> +<a name="page309" id="page309"> </a> +<!-- png 433 --> + +<p>Gaze about, don’t, <a href="#curt_line_172">192/175</a>.</p> + +<p>Gele, <a href="#nurture_note_191">p. 49, +note <sup>2</sup></a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +gelly, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/11</a>, jelly.</p> + +<p>Gelopere sauce, <a href="#keruyng_tag_gelopere">165/4</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_note_gelopere">p. 173</a>.</p> + +<p>Gentilmen welle nurtured, <a href="#nurture_line_1036">71/1038</a>.</p> + +<p>Gentilwommen, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1036">71/1039</a>.</p> + +<p>Gentlemen, one property of, <a href="#counsel">220/18</a>.</p> + +<p>Gentlemen of the chamber, <a href="#curt_line_432">191/433</a>.</p> + +<p>Gentlemen’s table in hall, <a href="#curt_line_32">178/33</a>.</p> + +<p>Gentyllis, <a href="#lyt_line_92">273/93</a>, +gentlefolk.</p> + +<p>Geson, <a href="#nurture_line_800">54/803</a>, +scarce.</p> + +<p>Gesse, <a href="#vert_line_348">230/350</a>, guest.</p> + +<p>Gestis, <a href="#nurture_line_1188">79/1189</a>, +guests.</p> + +<p>Getting-up in the morning, a lord, how dressed, <a href="#nurture_dress">p. 61</a>.</p> + +<p>Gild, <a href="#nurture_line_228">25/231</a>, gilt +plate.</p> + +<p>Ginger, white and green, <a href="#nurture_line_72">5/75</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +colombyne, valadyne, and maydelyn, <a href="#nurture_line_128">10/131-2</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +columbyne, <a href="#nurture_line_756">52/758</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +green, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/21</a>.</p> + +<p>Ginger sauce with lamb, kid, &c., <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/537</a>.</p> + +<p>Ginger, <a href="#nurture_line_844">58/847</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +with pheasant, <a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn">164/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Girdle, <a href="#nurture_line_904">64/907</a>.</p> + +<p>Girls, young, pick their noses, <a href="#curt_line_328">186/328</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Girls</i>: home-education, xxv, xv, &c. +<span class="notation">Entry added by editor.</span></p> + +<p>Glaucus, a white fish, <a href="#fish_capXL">p. +118</a>.</p> + +<p>Glorious (boasting), don’t be too, <a href="#lerne_line_4">p. 258</a>, +<a href="#abc_d">p. 260</a>, line G.</p> + +<p>Glosand, <a href="#curt_line_312">186/313</a>, +lying.</p> + +<p>Glose, <a href="#curt_line_196">183/199</a>, deceit, +lie.</p> + +<p>Glosere, <a href="#young_line_56">268/59</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>flateur</i>, a flatterer, <i>glozer</i>, fawner, soother, +foister, smoother; a claw-backe, sycophant, pickthanke. Cot.</p> + +<p>Gloves to be taken off on entering the hall, <a href="#curt_line_16">177/16</a>.</p> + +<p>Gloves, perfumed, <a href="#borde_apparel">132/8-9</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Cp. in the account of Sir John Nevile, of Chete, in <i>The Forme of +Cury</i>, p. 171, “for a pair of perfumed Gloves, 3<i>s.</i> +4<i>d.</i>; for a pair of other Gloves, 4<i>d.</i>”</p> + +<p>Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, <a href="#nurture_line_1176">79/1177</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1228">82/1230</a>; +<a href="#pagelxxxii">p. lxxxii</a>.</p> + +<p>Glowtynge, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/281</a>, +looking sulky, staring. Halliwell.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Sw. <i>glutta</i>; Norse, <i>glytta</i>, <i>gletta</i>, look out of the +corner of the eye. Wedgwood.</p> + +<p>Gnastynge, <a href="#nurture_note_62">20/301, +note <sup>5</sup></a>.</p> + +<p>Gnaw bones, don’t, <a href="#vert_line_456">232/457</a>.</p> + +<p>Goatskin gloves, <a href="#borde_apparel">132/9</a>.</p> + +<p>Goben, <a href="#nurture_line_564">39/566</a>, cut into +lumps.</p> + +<p>Gobone, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/2</a>, cut in +lumps; <a href="#keruyng_crab">167/29</a>, a piece.</p> + +<p>Gobyn, <a href="#nurture_line_580">41/580</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_580">p. 99</a>, gobbets.</p> + +<p>Gobyns, <a href="#nurture_line_636">45/638</a>, lumps, +pieces.</p> + +<p>‘God be here!’ say on entering, <a href="#young_line_84">270/86</a>.</p> + +<p>Good cheer, make, at table, <a href="#lyt_line_52">269/53</a>, be jolly.</p> + +<p>Good manners, learn, <a href="#vert_line_504">232/507</a>.</p> + +<p>‘Good Morning;’ say it to all you meet, <a href="#young_line_20">266/20</a>.</p> + +<p>Goodly, <a href="#nurture_line_908">62/908</a>, +nattily.</p> + +<p>Goose, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_400">26/402</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">p. 163</a>, last line +but one;</p> +<p class="inset"> +garlic its sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/536</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +roast, <a href="#nurture_line_800">54/801</a>; 222.</p> + +<p>Goshawk, <a href="#nurture_linenote_696">p. 103, note +on Heironsew</a>.</p> + +<p>Gown, a man’s, <a href="#nurture_line_904">62/904</a>.</p> + +<p>Gowt of a crayfish, <a href="#nurture_line_604">43/607</a>.</p> + +<p>Grace, <a href="#nurture_line_660">46/663</a>,</p> +<p class="inset"> +the prayer before dinner, <a href="#vert_line_304">229/305-322</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be said by the Almoner, <a href="#vert_line_728">221/729</a>.</p> + +<p>Grace after dinner, sit still till it’s said, <a href="#lyt_line_80">271/82</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +pages to stand by +<span class="pagenum">310</span> +<a name="page310" id="page310"> </a> +<!-- png 434 --> +their lord while it’s said, <a href="#bab_line_196">257/197</a>.</p> + +<p>Gradewable, <a href="#keruyng_marshal">p. 170</a>, +graduated, have taken degrees.</p> + +<p>Gramed, <a href="#nurture_line_348">23/348</a>, +angered, vexed.</p> + +<p>Granat, <a href="#harington_business">141/11</a>, a +garnet.</p> + +<p>Grapes, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/77</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_668">46/668</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/21</a>.</p> + +<p>Gravelle of beeff or motoun, <a href="#nurture_line_516">34/519</a>.</p> + +<p>Gravus, a fish, <a href="#fish_capXLI">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘118’">120</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Graynes, <a href="#nurture_line_120">9/123</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_136">10/137, 141</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_123b">p. 91</a>. Fr. +<i>Maniguet</i>, the spice called Graines, or graines of Paradise. +Cot.</p> + +<p>Graynes of paradice, <a href="#keruyng_terms">151/32</a>.</p> + +<p>Graytly, <a href="#nurture_line_884">61/886</a>; +entirely, quite.</p> + +<p>Grayue, <a href="#curtasye_treasurer">196/576, 589</a>, +<a href="#curtasye_receiver">597</a>, reeve, outdoor +steward.</p> + +<p>Greable, <a href="#nurture_line_192">13/192</a>, +suitable.</p> + +<p>Great birds, <a href="#nurture_line_696">49/698</a>.</p> + +<p>Grece (fat), hen of, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">158/29</a>.</p> + +<p>Green cheese, <a href="#nurture_linenote_74">p. 84, n. +to l. 74</a>.</p> + +<p>Green fish, <a href="#nurture_line_848">58/851</a>, ling.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Moruë</i>: f. The Cod, or Greenefish (a lesse and dull-eyed kind +whereof is called by some, the Morhwell). <i>Moruë verte.</i> +Greenefish. <i>Moruyer. Poissonnier moruyer.</i> A Fishmonger that sells +nothing but Cod, or Greenefish. Cot.</p> + +<p>Green sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_848">58/851</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/13, 14</a>.</p> + +<p>Green wax, accounts to be briefed with, <a href="#curt_line_536">192/536</a>.</p> + +<p>Greet the men you meet, <a href="#curt_line_248">200/251</a>.</p> + +<p>Greithe, <a href="#nurture_line_880">61/880</a>, +ready.</p> + +<p>Greke, <a href="#nurture_line_120">9/120</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_alpha">86/31</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_12">p. 90, No. 12</a>, a +sweet wine.</p> + +<p>Grene metis, <a href="#nurture_line_96">8/97</a>, green +vegetables.</p> + +<p>Greve, <a href="#nurture_line_1212">81/1214</a>. Fr. +<i>grief</i>, trouble.</p> + +<p>Greyhounds fed on brown bread, <a href="#curt_line_628">198/628</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_51">p. 84, note on +l. 51</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +each has a bone, &c., <a href="#curt_line_632">198/633</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“<i>Eau & pain, c’est la viande du chien.</i> Prov.: Bread and water +is diet for dogs.” Cot.</p> + +<p>Greyn, <a href="#nurture_line_912">62/914</a>, a +crimson stuff or cloth.</p> + +<p>Grin, don’t, <a href="#lyt_line_56">269/57</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_28">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_28">278/29</a>.</p> + +<p>Grisynge, <a href="#nurture_line_300">20/301</a>, +grinding.</p> + +<p>Groan not, <a href="#nurture_line_296">19/298</a>.</p> + +<p>Groggynge, <a href="#nurture_line_272">18/273</a>, +grumbling.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Grutchyn, gruchyn, <i>murmuro</i>. Prompt. <i>Gruger</i>, to grudge, +repine, mutter. Cot.</p> + +<p>Grone fische, <a href="#nurture_line_552">38/555</a>.</p> + +<p>Groom of the King may sit with a knight, <a href="#nurture_line_1120">75/1122-5</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_marshal"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘204’">172</ins>/1</a>.</p> + +<p>Grooms of the Chamber, their duties, <a href="#curtasye_groom">p. 191-2</a>.</p> + +<p>Groos, <a href="#nurture_line_460">29/461</a>, +large.</p> + +<p>Grossetest, Bp., his Household Statutes, <a href="#grossetest">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘207-10’">215-18</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Grouellynge, <i>adv.</i> <a href="#borde_tag_1">129/8, +12</a>, face downwards.</p> + +<p>Growelle of force, <a href="#nurture_line_516">34/519</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_519">p. 97</a>.</p> + +<p>Gruell of befe or motton, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/27</a>.</p> + +<p>Grumbling of servants to be put down, p. 208. +<span class="notation"> +Citation unidentified: possibly <a href="#gross_xi">p. +217</a>.</span></p> + +<p>Gudgeons, <a href="#nurture_line_816">55/819</a>; +<a href="#fish_capXLI">p. 118</a>.</p> + +<p>Guns blasting, (breaking wind,) to be avoided, <a href="#nurture_line_304">20/304</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +The parallel passage in Sloane MS. 2027 (fol. 42, last line), is<ins +class="mycorr" title="superfluous ."> </ins>“And all<i>e</i> wey be +ware thyn ars be natte carpyng.”</p> + +<p>Gurdylstode, <a href="#curt_line_440">191/442</a>, +girdlestead, waist.</p> + +<p>Gurnard, <a href="#nurture_line_572">40/574</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_724">51/725</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_848">58/849</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +baked, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">198/9</a>.</p> +<span class="pagenum">311</span> +<a name="page311" id="page311"> </a> +<!-- png 435 --> + +<p>Ȝyme, <a href="#curt_line_304">186/304</a>, attend to, +wish, like.</p> + +<p>Gymlet, <a href="#nurture_line_64">5/67, 71</a>.</p> + +<p>Gynger, 3 kinds of, <a href="#nurture_line_128">10/131-2</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_131">p. 91</a>.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterH" id="letterH" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Haberdine, ‘Mouschebout: m. The spotted Cod whereof Haberdine is +made.’ Cot.</p> + +<p>Hable, <a href="#bab_line_108">254/111</a>, fitting, +due.</p> + +<p>Had, <a href="#young_line_148">274/149</a>, ? held +in the memory.</p> + +<p>Hadde-y-wyste, <a href="#urban_line_72">264/72</a>; +vain after-regret, ‘had I but known how it would have turned out.’</p> + +<p>Haddock, <a href="#nurture_line_844">58/845</a>, +<a href="#curt_line_8">200/11</a>.</p> + +<p>Haddock, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_576">39/576</a>.</p> + +<p>Haft of a knife, <a href="#curt_line_672">200/675</a>.</p> + +<p>Hair, don’t scratch, for lice, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/280</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be combed, <a href="#dem_line_124"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘173’">213</ins>/125</a>.</p> + +<p>Hake, <a href="#nurture_line_844">58/845</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_845">p. 107</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">166/31</a>.</p> + +<p>Hakenay buttur, <a href="#nurture_line_556">39/559</a>.</p> + +<p>Halata, <a href="#fish_capXXXVIIIa">p. 118</a>.</p> + +<p>Hale, <a href="#bab_line_100">253/101</a>, A.S. +<i>hál</i>, healthy.</p> + +<p>Half-penny; farrier paid one a day, <a href="#curt_line_616">197/616</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +hunter one for every hound, <a href="#curt_line_628">198/629</a>.</p> + +<p>Halke, <a href="#nurture_line_24">2/24</a>; A.S. +<i>hylca</i>, hooks, turnings. Somner.</p> + +<p>Hall, who should not keep it (? meaning), <a href="#nurture_line_1048">72/1048</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +who seated in, <a href="#dem_line_20">217/19-22</a>.</p> + +<p>Hall, head of the house to eat in, <a href="#gross_xv">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘209’">215</ins>, No. xv</a>.</p> + +<p>Halybut, a fish, <a href="#nurture_line_584">41/584</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_732">39/735</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/12</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/11</a>.</p> + +<p>Hammering in speech is bad, <a href="#dem_line_104">212/109</a>.</p> + +<p>Hand to be cleaned when you blow your nose in it, <a href="#curt_line_88">199/90</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +put it on your stomach to warm the latter, <a href="#borde_tag_1">p. 129</a>.</p> + +<p>Handkerchief for the nose, <a href="#dem_line_44">210/49</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘Jan. 1537-8, my ladys grace lanes handekerch<i>ers</i> silk<i>ys</i>.’ +P. P. Exp. of Princess Mary, p. 54.</p> + +<p>Handle nothing while you are spoken to, <a href="#bab_line_80">253/83</a>.</p> + +<p>Hands and feet, keep ’em quiet, <a href="#curt_line_316">186/317</a>.</p> + +<p>Hands, to be washed, <a href="#stans1_line_20">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_20">278/22</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +before meals, <a href="#curt_line_340">187/343</a>, +<a href="#curt_line_712">201/713-21</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be wiped before taking hold of the cup, <a href="#bab_line_156">255/156</a>.</p> + +<p>Hands to be clean at meals, <a href="#urban_line_40">263/41</a>, 51; <a href="#lyt_line_8">265/9</a>; +<a href="#young_line_12">266/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Hang in hand, <a href="#curt_line_196">183/199</a>; be +delayed.</p> + +<p>Hanging down your head is wrong, <a href="#dem_line_128">213/130</a>.</p> + +<p>Hard cheese, the virtues of, <a href="#keruyng_fruit"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘150’">152</ins>/29</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Cheese.</p> + +<p>Hare, <a href="#nurture_line_516">34/517</a>; chive +sauce to,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Ceuye.</p> + +<p>Harington, Sir John; the Dyet for every day, <a href="#harington_dyet">p. 138-9</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +on Rising and going to Bed, <a href="#harington_sleep">p. +140-1</a>.</p> + +<p>Harm of others, don’t talk, at table, <a href="#curt_line_100">180/102</a>.</p> + +<p>Harpooning whales, <a href="#fish_capXIX">p. +116</a>.</p> + +<p>Harts-skin garments to be worn in summer, <a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>.</p> + +<p>Harvest, the device of, <a href="#nurture_line_752">52/754</a>.</p> + +<p>Hastily, don’t eat, <a href="#lyt_line_16">265/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Hasty, don’t be, <a href="#stans1_line_76">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_76">280/78</a>.</p> + +<p>Hat, <a href="#nurture_line_908">62/909</a>.</p> + +<p>Haylys, <a href="#curt_line_252">184/253</a>, +salute.</p> +<p class="inset"> +O.N. <i>heilsa</i>, Dan. <i>hilsa</i>, to salute, to cry hail to. +Wedgwood.</p> + +<p>Head and hands, keep quiet, <a href="#bab_line_80">253/80</a>.</p> + +<p>Head, don’t hang it, <a href="#bab_line_148">255/148</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t cast it down, <a href="#stans2_line_16">276/16</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t bend it too low, <a href="#curt_line_328">193/330</a>.</p> + +<p>Heads of field- and wood-birds +<span class="pagenum">312</span> +<a name="page312" id="page312"> </a> +<!-- png 436 --> +unwholesome; they eat toads, <a href="#keruyng_skin">p. +<ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘197-8’">165-6</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Headsheet, <a href="#nurture_line_924">63/925</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_948">65/950</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_964">66/965</a>.</p> + +<p>Hede, <a href="#lyt_line_88">271/91</a>, host, master +or lord of a house at a meal.</p> + +<p>Hedge-hogs’ countenauces, <a href="#dem_line_40">210/43</a>.</p> + +<p>Heelfull<i>e</i>, <a href="#bab_line_8">250/10</a>, +health-ful, help-ful.</p> + +<p>Heere, <a href="#nurture_line_524">35/524</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Sloane MS. 1315 reads <i>hele</i>, health.</p> + +<p>Heironsew (the heron), <a href="#nurture_line_696">49/696</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_696">p. 103</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Heron.</p> + +<p>Hele, <a href="#curt_line_652">199/655</a>, cover.</p> + +<p>Helle, <a href="#bab_line_128">254/131</a>, ? not +‘clear, A.S. <i>helle</i>,’ but from <i>hyldan</i>, to incline, bend, +and so pour.</p> + +<p>Help all, be ready to, <a href="#curt_line_192">183/193</a>.</p> + +<p>Help others from your own dish, <a href="#gross_xiv">p. +217, No. xiv</a>.</p> + +<p>Hemp, the names of, <a href="#weed_hempe">p. +124</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +its advantages, <a href="#weed_hempe">p. 125-6</a>.</p> + +<p>Hen, fat, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_408">26/409</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_516">34/517</a>.</p> + +<p>Henchman, <a href="#pageii">p. ii</a>.; Mayster of the +henshmen—<i>escvier de pages dhonnevr.</i> Palsgrave.</p> + +<p>Hende, <a href="#bab_line_120">254/122</a>, hands.</p> + +<p>Henderson’s Hist. of Ancient and Modern Wines, <a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_beta">p. 87, &c.</a></p> + +<p>Her, <a href="#curt_line_292">185/294</a>, higher.</p> + +<p>Herald of Arms, <a href="#nurture_line_1032">71/1035</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +king or chief herald, <a href="#nurture_line_1036">l. +1036</a>.</p> + +<p>Herber, <a href="#curt_line_424">190/427</a>, lodge, +accommodate.</p> + +<p>Herbe benet, <a href="#nurture_line_992">68/993</a>.</p> + +<p>Herbe John, <a href="#nurture_line_992">68/992</a>.</p> + +<p>Herbs in sheets to be hung round the bath-room, <a href="#nurture_line_976">67/977</a>.</p> + +<p>Herne, <a href="#nurture_line_24">2/24</a>, corner.</p> + +<p>Heron, to dysmembre or carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_quail">p. 162</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Heyron-sewe.</p> + +<p>Heronsew, <a href="#keruyng_service">157/5</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be cooked dry, <a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘165’">164</ins>/20</a>.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>‘I wol nat tellen of her straunge sewes,</p> +<p>Ne of her swannes, ne here <i>heron-sewes</i>.’</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +Chaucer, March. Tale, l. 60, v. 2, p. 357, ed. Morris.</p> + +<p>Herring, L. Andrewe on the, <a href="#fish_capIII">p. +114</a>.</p> + +<p>Herrings, baked, <a href="#nurture_line_720">50/722</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +fresh, <a href="#nurture_line_844">58/844</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +fresh, broiled, <a href="#nurture_line_748">52/748</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +salt, <a href="#nurture_line_832">57/832</a>.</p> + +<p>Herrings, how to carve and serve, <a href="#nurture_line_548">38/550-3</a>.</p> + +<p>Herrings, white, or fresh, how to serve up, <a href="#nurture_line_640">45/641-5</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">166/28</a>.</p> + +<p>Hethyng, <a href="#curt_line_264">185/266</a>, +contempt.</p> + +<p>Heyhove, <a href="#nurture_line_992">68/993</a>, a +herb.</p> + +<p>Heyriff, <a href="#nurture_line_992">68/993</a>, a +herb.</p> + +<p>Heyron-sewe, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/539</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_540b">p. 97</a>, the heron: how +to carve it, <a href="#nurture_line_420">27/422</a>.</p> + +<p>Hiccup not, <a href="#nurture_line_296">19/298</a>.</p> + +<p>High name, the, <a href="#curt_line_152">181/152</a>, +God?</p> + +<p>Highest place, don’t take unless bidden, <a href="#curt_line_344">187/347</a>.</p> + +<p>Hit, <i>for</i> his, <a href="#nurture_line_456">29/456</a>.</p> + +<p>Hith<i>e</i>, <a href="#nurture_line_780">53/783</a>, +it.</p> + +<p>Hold your hand before your mouth when you spit; <a href="#young_line_112">272/115</a>-18.</p> + +<p>Hole of the privy to be covered, <a href="#nurture_line_932">64/933</a>.</p> + +<p>Holy water, take it at the church-door, <a href="#curt_line_160">182/160</a>.</p> + +<p>Holyhock, <a href="#nurture_line_988">67/991</a>.</p> + +<p>Holyn, <a href="#curt_line_396">189/399</a>. ?</p> +<p class="inset"> +Bosworth gives A.S. <i>holen</i>, a rush; Wright’s Vocab., +<i>holin</i>, Fr. <i>hous</i>; and that Cotgrave glosses ‘The Hollie, +Holme, or Huluer tree.’ <i>Ancren Riwle</i>, 418 note *, and <i>Rel. +Ant.</i>, ii. 280, have it too. See Stratmann’s Dict. +<a class="notation" href="#corr_312">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p>Hom, <a href="#curt_line_272">185/273</a>, them.</p> + +<p>Homes, servants to visit their own, <a href="#gross_xi">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘207’">217</ins>, No. xi</a>.</p> + +<p>Honest, <a href="#lyt_line_72">269/74</a>, fitting, +proper.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">313</span> +<a name="page313" id="page313"> </a> +<!-- png 437 --> + +<p>Honeste, <a href="#nurture_line_952">65/954</a>, +propriety, decency.</p> + +<p>Honey not clarified, used for dressing dischmetes, <a href="#nurture_line_512">34/514</a>.</p> + +<p>Hood, a man’s, <a href="#nurture_line_908">62/909</a>.</p> + +<p>Hood, take it off, <a href="#curt_line_16"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘217’">177</ins>/16</a>.</p> + +<p>Hoopid, <a href="#nurture_line_164">12/167</a>, made +round like a hoop.</p> + +<p>Hor, <a href="#curt_line_272">187/272</a>, their.</p> + +<p>Hornebeaks, <a href="#nurture_linenote_533">p. 97, note +on l. 533</a>.</p> + +<p>Horse-hire, 4<i>d.</i> a day, <a href="#curt_line_372">188/375</a>.</p> + +<p>Horsyng, <a href="#curt_line_564">195/564</a>, being +horsed, horses.</p> + +<p>Hose, <a href="#nurture_linenote_867">p. 108</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be rubbed, <a href="#vert_line_224">226/91</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Du. <i>koussen</i>, Stockins or Hosen; <i>opper-koussen</i>, Hose or +Breeches; <i>onder koussen</i>, Nether-stockins; <i>boven koussen</i>, +Upper-hosen, or Briches. Hexham.</p> + +<p>Hosen, <a href="#borde_nightcap">130/10</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_chamber">168/31</a>.</p> + +<p>Hosyn, <a href="#nurture_line_872">60/873</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_892">62/895-8</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_960">65/961</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_867">p. 108</a>, breeches.</p> + +<p><i>Hostiarius</i>, <a href="#curtasye_usher">190/430-1</a>, usher.</p> + +<p>Hot dishes, a dodge to prevent them burning your hands, <a href="#curtasye_sewer">202/757-60</a>.</p> + +<p>Hot wines, <ins class="mycorr" title="citation unidentified">p. +83</ins>, in extract from A. Borde.</p> + +<p>Houndfisch, <a href="#nurture_line_584">41/584</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_584">p. 99</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_824">56/827</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_844">58/844</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/11</a>, dogfish.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>‘He lullith her, he kissith hir ful ofte;</p> +<p>With thikke bristlis on his berd unsofte,</p> +<p>Lik to the skyn of <i>houndfisch</i>, scharp as brere,</p> +<p>(For he was schave al newe in his manere,)</p> +<p>He rubbith hir about hir tendre face.’</p> +</div> +<p class="author"> +Chaucer, Marchaundes Tale, v. 2, 223, ed. Morris.</p> + +<p>Houndes-fysshe, mortrus of, <a href="#keruyng_crab">168/2</a>.</p> + +<p>Household bread, <a href="#nurture_line_52">4/55</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be 3 days old, <a href="#keruyng_butler">152/6</a>.</p> + +<p>Housholde, Babees that dwelle in, <a href="#bab_line_44">251/45</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Forewords, pp. <a href="#pageii">ii.</a>, +<a href="#pagex">x.</a>, +<a href="#pagexi">xi.</a>, &c.</p> + +<p>Howndes Dayes, <a href="#fish_capXL">p. 118</a>, Cap. +<ins class="mycorr" title="chapter consistently printed ‘xv’">xl.</ins>, dog-days.</p> + +<p>Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, <a href="#nurture_line_1228">82/1230</a>; App. to Russell Pref.</p> + +<p>Hunte, <a href="#curt_line_628">198/629</a>, huntsman; +pl.,</p> + +<p>Huntes, <a href="#curt_line_628">198/628</a>, +huntsmen.</p> + +<p>Hure, <a href="#nurture_line_376">24/376</a>, hood, +cap.</p> + +<p>Hurtilberyes, <a href="#nurture_line_80">7/82</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_81">p. 85, n. to l. 81</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/24</a>.</p> + +<p>Husbands, the duty of, <a href="#vert_line_8">237/8</a>.</p> + +<p>Hyacinth, <a href="#harington_business">141/11</a>, +jacinth, a precious stone.</p> + +<p>Hyȝt, <a href="#curt_line_200">183/201</a>, promised, +vowed.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterI" id="letterI" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Jack and Jill, don’t chatter with, <a href="#lyt_line_88">271/90</a>.</p> + +<p>Iangelynge, <a href="#bab_line_92">253/94</a>, +chattering, (don’t be), <a href="#lerne_line_8">p. +258</a>, +<a href="#abc_h">p. 261</a>, line I.</p> + +<p>Iangle (chatter), don’t, <a href="#bab_line_68">252/68</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_264">229/266</a>.</p> + +<p>Iangylle, <a href="#lyt_line_88">271/90</a>, +chatter;</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘iangelyn, or iaveryn, iaberyn, <i>garrulo blatero</i>.’ P. Parv.</p> + +<p><i>Janitor</i>, <a href="#curtasye_porter">188/360-1</a>, the porter.</p> + +<p>Iapynge, <a href="#bab_line_92">253/95</a>, joking.</p> + +<p>Iardyne, almond, <a href="#nurture_line_744">52/744</a>.</p> + +<p>Idle, don’t be, <a href="#young_line_32">268/32</a>.</p> + +<p>Jealousy, hate it, <a href="#lerne_line_4">p. 258</a>, +<a href="#abc_d">p. 260</a>, line G.</p> + +<p>Jelies, <a href="#nurture_line_508">34/511</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +iely, <a href="#nurture_line_692">49/693</a>.</p> + +<p>Jelly, <a href="#nurture_line_508">34/511</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_520">35/520</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_728">51/731</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_824">56/825</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_517">p. 97</a>.</p> + +<p>Iestis, <a href="#nurture_line_856">59/858</a>, +proceedings, dinners.</p> + +<p>Iettis, <a href="#abc_m">p. 261</a>, l. N, +fashions.</p> + +<p>Iettynge, <a href="#abc_h">p. 261</a>, l. I, +showing-off,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">314</span> +<a name="page314" id="page314"> </a> +<!-- png 438 --> + +<p class="inset"> +‘I <i>iette</i> w<sup>t</sup> facyon and countenaunce to set forthe +myselfe, <i>ie braggue</i>.’ Palsgrave, in Way.</p> + +<p>Iettynge, <a href="#nurture_note_60">20/300, note +<sup>3</sup></a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Poste</i> a rakehell, or Colledge-seruant, thats euer gadding or +<i>ietting</i> abroad. Cot.</p> + +<p>Ignorance, the evils of, <a href="#vert_line_228">228/230</a>.</p> + +<p>Imbrowe, <a href="#bab_line_156">255/157</a>, dirty, +soil.</p> + +<p>Improberabille, <a href="#nurture_line_792">54/795</a>, +very proper?</p> + +<p>Impytous, <a href="#borde_sun">p. 132</a>, impetuous +(last line).</p> + +<p>Infect, <a href="#nurture_line_1248">83/1249</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>infecter</i>, to infect; poison; depraue, corrupt. Cot.</p> + +<p>Ingredyentes, <a href="#nurture_line_144">11/144</a>, +materials.</p> + +<p>Inhumanitie, <a href="#vert_line_156">225/155</a>, +discourtesy.</p> + +<p>Interrupt no one, <a href="#stans1_line_68"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘282’">279</ins>/69</a>.</p> + +<p>Intrippe, <a href="#stans2_line_68"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘283’">280</ins>/69</a>, interrupt.</p> + +<p>John the Baptist’s day to Michaelmas, feasts from, <a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn">p. 164</a>.</p> + +<p>John, Duke, a yeoman in his house got a reward, <a href="#curt_line_644">199/647</a>.</p> + +<p>Iolle of þe salt sturgeoun, <a href="#nurture_line_620">44/622</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_622">p. 99</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_crab">167/23</a>.</p> + +<p>Ioncate, <a href="#nurture_line_80">7/82</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_82">p. 85</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/28</a>,</p> +<p class="inset"> +junket, orig. cream-cheese made in wicker-baskets, from L. +<i>juncus</i>, a rush. Mahn.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘<i>Junkets</i>, Cakes and Sweetmeats with which Gentlewomen entertain +one another, and Young-men their Sweethearts; any sort of delicious Fare +to feast and make merry with.’ Philipps.</p> + +<p>Iowtes, <a href="#keruyng_tag_jowtes">p. 160</a>, last +line; <a href="#keruyng_note_jowtes">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ’171’">173</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Irweue, <a href="#nurture_linenote_74">85/3</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +? Fr. <i>Mulette</i> ... the maw of a Calfe, which being dressed is +called the Renet-bag, <i>Ireness</i>-bag, or Cheslop-bag. Cot.</p> + +<p>Judges, the duty of, <a href="#vert_duty_2">241/2</a>.</p> + +<p>Iusselle, <a href="#nurture_line_520">35/520</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_804">54/805</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/28</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +recipe for, <a href="#recipes_fritters">p. 145</a>.</p> + +<p>Justices, the under, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1016">70/1018</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1060">72/1061</a>.</p> + +<p>Ivory comb, <a href="#nurture_line_900">62/902</a>.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterK" id="letterK" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Karle, <a href="#lyt_line_48">267/48</a>, churl, poor +man.</p> + +<p>Karpyng, <a href="#urban_line_60">263/62</a>, talking. +Carpynge, <i>Loquacitas, collocutio.</i> Prompt.</p> + +<p>Kater, <a href="#curt_line_580">196/580</a>, cater, +provide.</p> + +<p>Kepe, <a href="#curt_line_760">202/760</a>, take +care.</p> + +<p>Kepyng (stingy), don’t be, <a href="#lerne_line_8">p. +258</a>, +<a href="#abc_h">p. 261</a>, line K.</p> + +<p>Kercheff, <a href="#nurture_line_884">61/885</a>.</p> + +<p>Kerpe, <a href="#young_line_120">272/120</a>,</p> +<p class="inset"> +? is it complain, or only talk, chatter;</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘carpyn or talkyn, <i>fabulor</i>, <i>confabulor</i>, <i>garrulo</i>,’ +Pr. Parv. ‘to carpe, (Lydgate) this is a farre northen verbe, +<i>cacqueter</i>.’ Palsgrave, <i>ib.</i> note.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Or is it break wind?</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Guns.</p> +<p class="inset"> +The Sloane MS. 2027, fol. 42, has for <a href="#nurture_line_304">l. 304</a> of Russell, p. 20, ‘And +alle wey be ware thyn ars be natte <i>carpyng</i>.’</p> + +<p>Keruynge of flesshe, <a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh">p. +157</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +of fysshe, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">p. 166</a>.</p> + +<p>Kerver, termes of a, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. <ins +class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘149’">151</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Keuer, <a href="#nurture_line_264">17/265-6</a>, cover, +put covers or dishes for.</p> + +<p>Kickshaw, <a href="#nurture_linenote_492">96/14</a>, a +tart.</p> + +<p>Kid, <a href="#nurture_line_692">49/694</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_804">54/807</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +with ginger sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_536">46/537</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_440">28/441</a>.</p> + +<p>Kidney of fawn, &c. to be served, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/9</a>.</p> + +<p>Kind, be always, <a href="#curt_line_192">183/195</a>.</p> + +<p>Kind, don’t be too, <a href="#lerne_line_8">p. 258</a>, +<a href="#abc_h">p. 261</a>, line K.</p> + +<p>King ranks with an emperor, <a href="#nurture_line_1004">70/1007</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1044">72/1045</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">315</span> +<a name="page315" id="page315"> </a> +<!-- png 439 --> + +<p>King’s Messengers, <a href="#keruyng_marshal">171/31</a>.</p> + +<p>King’s officers, <a href="#keruyng_marshal">171/25</a>.</p> + +<p>King’s servants to be received as one degree higher than they are, +<a href="#nurture_line_1116">75/1117-27</a>.</p> + +<p>Knaves’ tricks, beware of, <a href="#lerne_line_8">p. +258</a>, +<a href="#abc_h">p. 261</a>, line K.</p> + +<p>Knee, don’t put yours under other men’s thighs, <a href="#curt_line_116">180/119</a>.</p> + +<p>Kneel on one knee to men, on both to God, <a href="#curt_line_160">182/163-6</a>.</p> + +<p>Kneel, the Ewerer to do so, on giving water to any one, <a href="#curt_line_652">199/653</a>.</p> + +<p>Kneel to your lord on one knee, <a href="#bab_line_60">252/62</a>.</p> + +<p>Knife, don’t play with your, <a href="#stans1_line_52">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_52">280/54</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t put it in your mouth, <a href="#bab_line_160">256/162</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_112">180/113</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +take salt with it, <a href="#young_line_96">272/97</a>. +(When were saltspoons introduced?)</p> + +<p>Knife, don’t pick your teeth with, <a href="#curt_line_92">180/94</a>.</p> + +<p>Knives to be clean, <a href="#stans1_line_56">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_56">280/58</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be sharp, <a href="#urban_line_40">263/42</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be clean and sharp, <a href="#bab_line_136">255/137</a>; +<a href="#young_line_116">272/119</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be wiped on a napkin, not on the tablecloth, <a href="#nurture_line_332">22/332</a>.</p> + +<p>Knives to be put up after meals, <a href="#bab_line_188">257/191</a>.</p> + +<p>Knives, for bread, <a href="#nurture_line_48">4/50-2</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +for the table, <i>ib.</i>, <a href="#nurture_line_60">l. +63</a>.</p> + +<p>Knives, the Butler’s three, <a href="#keruyng_butler">p. 152</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +the lord’s, <a href="#curt_line_672">200/675</a>.</p> + +<p>Knight, the rank of a, <a href="#nurture_line_1016">70/1016</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1056">72/1058</a>.</p> + +<p>Knop, <a href="#curt_line_452">192/453</a>, knob, +bunch?</p> + +<p>Kommende, <a href="#bab_line_104">253/104</a>, this may +possibly be like <a href="#bab_line_120">254/120</a>, +commend (<i>q.v.</i>) a cup to you to drink; but <a href="#young_line_68">270/71</a>, ‘sey welle’, looks as if praise +were meant.</p> + +<p>Kymbe, <a href="#nurture_line_884">61/886</a>, +comb.</p> + +<p>Kyn, <a href="#curt_line_12"><ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘217’">177</ins>/13</a>, birth.</p> + +<p>Kynraden, <a href="#curt_line_276">185/279</a>; A.S. +<i>cynnryne</i>, a family course, parentage.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterL" id="letterL" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Labour not after meals, <a href="#vaughan_11">p. +136</a>.</p> + +<p>Lace- or buckle-shoes, <a href="#nurture_line_896">62/896</a>.</p> + +<p>Ladies, how to behave to, <a href="#urban_line_72">264/73</a>.</p> + +<p>Ladies soon get angry, <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/8</a>.</p> + +<p>Lady of low degree has her lord’s estate or rank, <a href="#keruyng_marshal">171/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Lakke, <a href="#lyt_line_76">269/76</a>, blame; Du. +<i>laecken</i>, to vituperate, blame, or reproach. Hexham.</p> + +<p>Lamb, <a href="#nurture_line_804">54/807</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_808">p. 106</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_440">28/441</a>.</p> + +<p>Lamb and ginger sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/537</a>.</p> + +<p>Lambur, <a href="#curt_line_480">193/480</a>. +? has it anything to do with Fr. <i>lambrequin</i>, the point of a +labell, or Labell of a file in Blazon; <i>Lambel</i>, a Labell of three +points, or a File with three Labells pendant (Cot.). Ladies wore and +wear ornaments somewhat of this kind.</p> + +<p>Lambskins, <a href="#borde_apparel">p. 131</a>.</p> + +<p>Lamprey, <a href="#nurture_line_724">50/724</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_840">58/840</a>; +<a href="#fish_capLIX">p. 119</a>. See Henry V.’s +commission to <i>Guillielmus de Nantes de Britanniâ</i> to supply him +and his army with Lampreys up to Easter, 1418. From the Camp at Falaise, +Feb. 6. <i>Rymer</i>, ix. 544.</p> + +<p>Lamprey, names of a, <a href="#nurture_linenote_fish">p. 99</a>, bottom.</p> + +<p>Lamprey pasty, <a href="#keruyng_crab">167/25</a>.</p> + +<p>Lampreys, fresh, pie of, how to serve, <a href="#nurture_line_628">44/630-45</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_630">p. 99</a>.</p> + +<p>Lamprey, salt, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_564">39/566</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/2</a>.</p> + +<p>Lampron, names of a, <a href="#nurture_linenote_fish">p. 100</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">316</span> +<a name="page316" id="page316"> </a> +<!-- png 440 --> + +<p>Lampurnes, <a href="#nurture_line_716">50/719</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_820">55/820</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_848">58/848</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +bake, <a href="#nurture_line_724">51/725</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +rost, <a href="#nurture_line_736">51/737</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_588">41/588</a>, lamperns.</p> + +<p>Landlords, their duty, <a href="#vert_duty_13">242/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Lands of a lord, his Chancellor oversees, <a href="#curt_line_568">196/571</a>.</p> + +<p>Lapewynk, <a href="#nurture_line_540">37/542</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_543a">p. 98</a>, lapwing.</p> + +<p>Lappes, <a href="#curt_line_452">191/452</a>, +wraps.</p> + +<p>Lapwing, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_416">27/417</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">p. 158</a>, last line.</p> + +<p>Lark (the bird), <a href="#nurture_line_436">28/437</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_540">37/542</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_696">49/698</a>, +<a href="#nurture_linenote_698">p. 103</a>.</p> + +<p>Laske, <a href="#nurture_line_88">7/91</a>, loose (in +the bowels).</p> + +<p>Last, <a href="#nurture_line_224">15/227</a>, +uppermost.</p> + +<p>Laugh, don’t, with your mouth full, <a href="#curt_line_64">179/67</a>; +<a href="#young_line_108">272/109</a>.</p> + +<p>Laugh loudly, don’t, <a href="#urban_line_72">264/75</a>.</p> + +<p>Laugh not, <a href="#lyt_line_56">269/57</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not too often, <a href="#curt_line_212">183/215</a>.</p> + +<p>Laughing always is bad, <a href="#dem_line_84">212/85</a>.</p> + +<p>Lauour, <a href="#nurture_line_232">16/232</a>, +washing-basin?. <i>Lavacrum</i>, a lavour, Reliq. Ant. i. 7. +<i>Esguiere</i>: f. An Ewer, a Lauer. Cotgrave (see Halliwell).</p> + +<p>Law, how kept, <a href="#young_line_52">268/53</a>.</p> + +<p>Law, men of, their duty, <a href="#vert_duty_11">242/11</a>.</p> + +<p>Law, <a href="#curt_line_328">187/330</a>, low.</p> + +<p>Lawes, <a href="#curt_line_216">183/217</a>, +laughs.</p> + +<p>Lawnde, <a href="#nurture_line_16">2/16</a>, and +note.</p> + +<p>Lay the Cloth, how to, <a href="#nurture_line_184">13/187</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_cloth">154/23</a>.</p> + +<p>Leaking of wine pipes, <a href="#nurture_line_108">8/110</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/10</a>.</p> + +<p>Lean not on the table, <a href="#bab_line_144">255/146</a>.</p> + +<p>Learning, its roots bitter, its fruits pleasant, <a href="#vert_line_200">228/202</a>.</p> + +<p>Leche, a, <a href="#nurture_line_724">51/725, 737</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_808">54/810</a>.</p> + +<p>Leche dugard, <a href="#nurture_line_708">50/708</a>.</p> + +<p>Leche fryture, <a href="#nurture_line_748">52/749</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +See <i>Leschefrites</i>, <i>leschefrayes</i>, in the index to the +<i>Ménagier de Paris</i>. +<span class="notation"> +Reference added by editor.</span></p> + +<p>Leche Lombard, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/689</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/2</a>. See ‘Lumber’ in +<i>Nares</i>. The recipe in <i>Forme of Cury</i>, p. 36, is</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Take rawe Pork, and pulle of the skyn, and pyke out þe skyn [&] +synew<i>is</i>, and bray the Pork in a mort<i>er</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +ayreñ rawe; do þ<i>er</i>to sug<i>ur</i>, salt, raysoñs, corañce, +dat<i>is</i> mynced, and powdo<i>ur</i> of Pep<i>er</i>, powdo<i>ur</i> +gylofre, a<i>nd</i> do it i<i>n</i> a bladder, and lat it seeþ til it be +ynowhȝ. and whan it is ynowh, kerf it, leshe it in likenesse of a +peskodde, and take grete raysoñs and grynde hem in a mort<i>er</i>, +drawe hem up wiþ rede wyne, do þ<i>er</i>to mylke of almãnd<i>is</i>, +colo<i>ur</i> it with sañders a<i>nd</i> safroñ and do þ<i>er</i>to +powdo<i>ur</i> of pep<i>er</i> a<i>nd</i> of gilofre, and boile it. and +whan it is iboiled, take powdo<i>ur</i> of canel and gyng<i>er</i>, and +te<i>m</i>p<i>er</i> it up with wyne. and do alle þise thyng<i>is</i> +togyd<i>er</i>. and loke þat it be rẽnyns, and lat it not seeþ +aft<i>er</i> that it is cast togyder, <i>and</i> s<i>er</i>ue it +forth.</p> + +<p>Leche, whyte, <a href="#keruyng_service">157/7</a>.</p> + +<p>Leeches, <a href="#nurture_line_516">34/516</a>, strips +of meat, &c., dressed in sauce or jelly.</p> + +<p>Lees, <a href="#nurture_line_404">26/407</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_464">30/466</a>, strips; <a href="#nurture_line_608">43/610</a>, slices.</p> + +<p>Leessez, <a href="#nurture_line_504">33/504</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_544">34/546</a>, strips of meat in +sauce.</p> + +<p>Lede, <a href="#curt_line_76">179/78</a>, leaved, +left.</p> + +<p>Left hand only to touch food, <a href="#nurture_line_328">22/329</a>.</p> + +<p>Legate, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1013</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +the pope’s, <a href="#nurture_line_1020">l. 1023</a>.</p> + +<p>Legh, <a href="#curt_line_440">191/441</a>, +?<i>law</i>, hill, elevation, A.S. <i>hlæw</i>; or <i>lea</i> land, +ground.</p> + +<p>Legs not to be set astraddle, <a href="#nurture_line_296">20/299</a>.</p> + +<p>Legs of great birds, the best bits, <a href="#nurture_line_400">26/403, 410</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_424">27/426</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_468">30/471</a>.</p> + +<p>Lele, <a href="#curt_line_592">196/593</a>; loyally?, +justly.</p> + +<p>Lemman, <a href="#nurture_line_632">44/635</a>, dear +young friend; A.S. <i>leof</i>, dear.</p> + +<p>Lengthe, <a href="#nurture_line_488">31/488</a>, +lengthen.</p> + +<p>Lered, <a href="#nurture_line_956">65/956</a>, taught, +told.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">317</span> +<a name="page317" id="page317"> </a> +<!-- png 441 --> + +<p>Lerynge, <a href="#nurture_line_828">56/831</a>, +teaching.</p> + +<p>Lesche, <i>v. tr.</i>, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. +151</a>, slice.</p> + +<p>Lessynge, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/17</a>, remedy, +cure.</p> + +<p>Lesynge, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/116</a>, curing, +restoring to good condition.</p> + +<p>Lete, <a href="#nurture_line_108">8/110</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_109a">p. 86</a>, leak.</p> + +<p>Letters, the use of, <a href="#vert_line_184">228/186</a>.</p> + +<p>Leues, <a href="#curt_line_740">202/741</a>, +remains.</p> + +<p>Leuys, <a href="#curt_line_784">203/787</a>, +remains.</p> + +<p>Lewd livers to dread, <a href="#vert_line_932">239/933</a>.</p> + +<p>-lewe,</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> drunkelewe.</p> + +<p>Liar, don’t be one, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/292</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_212">183/213</a>.</p> + +<p>Liberal, don’t be too, <a href="#lerne_line_8"><ins +class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘260’">258</ins>/11</a>, +<a href="#abc_h">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘263’">261</ins>, line L</a>.</p> + +<p>Lice, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/280</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_280">p. 93</a>.</p> + +<p>Lick not the dish, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/295</a>.</p> + +<p>Licoure, <a href="#nurture_line_380">25/382</a>, sauce, +dressing.</p> + +<p>Lie not, <a href="#young_line_72">270/75</a>.</p> + +<p>Lie far from your bedfellow, <a href="#curt_line_296">186/297</a>.</p> + +<p>Lies, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/116</a>, deposit, +settlement.</p> + +<p>Light payne, <a href="#nurture_line_336">22/339</a>, +fine bread for eating.</p> + +<p>Lights to be put above the Hall chimney or fire-place, p. <a href="#curt_line_464">192/467-8</a>.</p> + +<p>Line of the blood royal, <a href="#keruyng_marshal">171/24</a>.</p> + +<p>Linen, body-, to be clean, <a href="#nurture_line_876">60/876</a>.</p> + +<p>Linen, used to wipe the nether end, <a href="#nurture_line_932">64/935</a>.</p> + +<p>Ling (the fish), <a href="#nurture_line_552">38/555</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_555">p. 98</a>; +<a href="#nurture_note_238">p. 58, note <sup>8</sup></a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_852">59/852</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/6</a>.</p> + +<p>Lining of a jacket, the best, <a href="#borde_apparel">p. 131</a>.</p> + +<p>Lips; don’t put ’em out as if you’d kiss a horse, <a href="#dem_line_72">211/73</a>.</p> + +<p>Lips, keep ’em clean, <a href="#stans1_line_32">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_32">278/34</a>.</p> + +<p>Lis, <a href="#nurture_line_28">3/31</a>, relieve. ‘ac +<i>a-lys</i> us of yfele,’ but deliver us from evil, Lord’s Prayer. Rel. +Ant.i. 204.</p> + +<p>Listen to him who speaks to you, <a href="#curt_line_328">187/331</a>.</p> + +<p>Lite, <a href="#nurture_line_828">56/830</a>, +little.</p> + +<p>Litere, <a href="#curt_line_432">191/435</a>, litter, +straw or rushes for beds.</p> + +<p>Livery of candles, Nov. 1 to Feb. 2, <a href="#curt_line_836">205/839</a>. Fr. <i>La Livrée des +Chanoines.</i> their liverie, or corrodie; their stipend, exhibition, +dailie allowance in victuals or money. Cot.</p> + +<p>Loaf, small, to be cut in two, <a href="#curt_line_732">202/735</a>.</p> + +<p>Loaves, <i>two</i> to be brought when bread is wanted, <a href="#curt_line_780">203/781-4</a>.</p> + +<p class="notation"> +“Lobster” citation moved by author to <a href="#index_crevis">“crevis”</a>: <i>see</i> <a href="#corr_317">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p>Lokere, <a href="#young_line_60">268/60</a>, ? not +look, oversee, superintend, and so oppress; but from Dutch <i>Loker</i>, +an allurer, or an inticer, <i>locken</i>, to allure or entise, Hexham; +<i>lokken</i>, to allure, bait. Sewel.</p> + +<p>Lombard, leche, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/689</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/2</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Leche Lombard. ‘Frutour <i>lumbert</i> ... Lesshe +<i>lumbert</i>.’ Oxford dinner, 1452. Reliq. Ant.i. 88.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">318</span> +<a name="page318" id="page318"> </a> +<!-- png 442 --> + +<p>Look steadily at whoever talks to you, <a href="#bab_line_64">252/65</a>.</p> + +<p>London bushel, 20 loaves out of a, <a href="#curt_line_624">198/625</a>.</p> + +<p>London, Mayor of, <a href="#nurture_line_1136">76/1137</a>.</p> + +<p>Londoner, an ex-Mayor, <a href="#nurture_line_1024">71/1025</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1064">73/1067</a>.</p> + +<p>Long hair is unseemely, <a href="#dem_line_124">213/126</a>.</p> + +<p>Long pepper, <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">153/33</a>.</p> + +<p>Longe wortes, <a href="#nurture_line_516">34/518</a>, +? carrots, parsnips, &c.</p> + +<p>Lord, a, how dressed, <a href="#nurture_dress">p. +61-2</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_chamber">p. 168</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how undressed and put to bed, <a href="#nurture_bed">p. +65-6</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_ready">p. 169</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +his pew and privy, <a href="#nurture_line_915">p. +63</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +washing before dinner, <a href="#bab_line_128">254/129</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +after, <a href="#bab_line_196">257/199</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Hands, &c.</p> + +<p>Lord, how to behave before one, <a href="#urban">262/3</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to serve one at table, <a href="#stans_left">p. +275-6</a>.</p> + +<p>Lord, let yours drink first, <a href="#lyt_line_68">269/69</a>.</p> + +<p>Lord or lady when talking, not to be interrupted, <a href="#bab_line_104">254/106</a>.</p> + +<p>Lordes nurrieris, <a href="#nurture_line_1036">71/1039</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_1040">p. 110</a>.</p> + +<p>Lords’ beds, <a href="#curt_line_440">191/443</a>.</p> + +<p>Lorely, <a href="#curt_line_132">181/135</a>, loosely +about?</p> +<p class="inset"> +A.S. <i>leóran</i>, <i>leósan</i>, to go forth, away, or forward, leese, +lose.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Lorely may be <i>lorel-ly</i>, like a lorel, a loose, worthless +fellow, a rascal. <a class="notation" href="#corr_318">Corrigenda</a></p> + +<p>Lothe (be loth to lend), <a href="#lerne_line_8">p. +258</a>, +<a href="#abc_h">p. 261</a>, line L.</p> + +<p>Lothe, <a href="#curt_line_48">178/48</a>, be +disgusted.</p> + +<p>Loud talking and laughing to be avoided, <a href="#nurture_line_288">19/290-1</a>.</p> + +<p>Loued, <a href="#curt_line_600">197/600</a>, allowed, +given credit for.</p> + +<p>Love God and your neighbour, <a href="#young_line_48">268/51</a>.</p> + +<p>Love, the fruits of, <a href="#vert_line_812">237/815</a>.</p> + +<p>Lowly, be, <a href="#vert_line_276">229/278</a>.</p> + +<p>Lowne, <a href="#dem_line_12">209/12</a>, lout.</p> + +<p>Lowt, <a href="#nurture_line_576">41/579</a>, lie.</p> + +<p>Lowte, <a href="#urban_line_8">262/8</a>, do obeisance, +bow. ‘I lowte, I gyue reuerence to one, <i>Ie me cambre, Ie luy fais la +reuerence.</i>’ Palsgrave, in Way. A.S. <i>hlútan</i>, to bow.</p> + +<p>Lumpischli, <a href="#stans2_line_16">276/16</a>, ‘to +be lumpish, <i>botachtigh zijn: botachtigh</i>, Rudish, Blockish, or +that hath no understanding.’ Hexham.</p> + +<p>Lyer, <a href="#recipes_hares">146/11</a>,</p> +<p class="inset"> +? the cook’s <i>stock</i> for soup; glossed ‘a mixture’ by Mr Morris in +<i>Liber Cure Cocorum</i>. And make a <i>lyoure</i> of brede and blode, +and <i>lye</i> hit þerwithe ... <i>ib.</i> p. 32, in ‘Gose in a +Hogge pot.’ ? Lat. <i>liquor</i>, or Fr. <i>lier</i> to soulder, +vnite, combine. Cot.</p> + +<p>Lyft, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Lying, against, <a href="#vert_chap_xiii">239, cap. +xiii</a>.</p> + +<p>Lykorous, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/292</a>, +lip-licking?</p> + +<p>Lynse wolse, <a href="#borde_apparel">132/5</a>, +linsey-woolsey.</p> + +<p>Lynd, <a href="#young_line_60">270/61</a>, Du. +<i>lindt</i>, soft, milde, or gentle. Hex.</p> + +<p>Lyour, <a href="#curt_line_444">191/446</a>, a +band.</p> + +<p>Lytulle of worde, <a href="#curt_line_32">178/34</a>, +sparing in speech.</p> + +<p>Lyvelode, <a href="#nurture_line_1084">74/1087-8</a>, +property.</p> + +<p>Lyueray, <a href="#curt_line_368">188/371</a>, pl. +lyuerés, <a href="#curt_line_392">189/395</a>, allowances +of food, &c. See <i>Livery</i>.</p> + +<p>Lyuerey, <a href="#gross_vii">p. 216, No. vii</a>. +servant’s dress. Fr. <i>livrée</i> ... One’s cloth, colours, or deuice +in colours, worn by his seruants or others. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterM" id="letterM" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Mackerel, <a href="#nurture_line_556">39/559</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_572">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘41’">40</ins></a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_559">p. 98</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +salt, <a href="#nurture_line_832">57/834</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_572">40/575-6</a>.</p> +<span class="pagenum">319</span> +<a name="page319" id="page319"> </a> +<!-- png 443 --> + +<p>Mackeroone, <a href="#nurture_linenote_492">96/14</a>, +a tart.</p> + +<p>Magistrates, their duty, <a href="#vert_duty_18">242/18</a>.</p> + +<p>Make, <a href="#young_line_140">274/143</a>, +stroke?</p> + +<p><i>Malencolicus</i>, <a href="#nurture_sutiltee">p. +54</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_788">p. 104</a>.</p> + +<p>Malice, <a href="#vert_line_780">237/783</a>, +<a href="#vert_line_816">817</a>.</p> + +<p>Mallard, <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">164/28</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve it, <a href="#nurture_line_400">26/402</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">158/25</a>.</p> + +<p>Mallard, &c., how they get rid of their stink, <a href="#keruyng_skin">165/32-3</a>.</p> + +<p>Maluesy, <a href="#keruyng_wines">153/20</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Malvesyn, <a href="#nurture_line_120">9/120</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_alpha">p. 86</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_12">p. 90, No. 12</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_6">p. 93, No. 6</a>; the +sweet wine Malmsey.</p> + +<p>Malyke or Malaga, figs of, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/18</a>.</p> + +<p>Mameny, <a href="#nurture_line_704">49/705</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_744">52/744</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +recipe at <a href="#recipes_fritters">p. 145</a>.</p> + +<p>Manchet, <a href="#curt_line_624">198/627</a>, fine +bread.</p> + +<p>Manerable, <a href="#nurture_line_1112">75/1113</a>, +well-trained.</p> + +<p>Manerly, <a href="#nurture_line_192">13/195</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_920">63/923</a>, neatly.</p> + +<p>Maners, <a href="#curt_line_600">197/601</a>, +dwelling-houses, mansions, Fr. <i>manoir</i>, a Mansion, Mannor, or +Mannor-house. Cot.</p> + +<p>Manger, a horse’s, <a href="#curt_line_608">197/610</a>.</p> + +<p>Mangle your food, don’t, <a href="#bab_line_176">256/176</a>-9. ‘I mangle a thing, I +disfygure it with cuttyng of it in peces or without order. <i>Je +mangonne</i> ... and <i>je mutille</i>. You have mangylled this meate +horrybly, it is nat to sette afore no honest men (<i>nul homme de +bien</i>) nowe.’ Palsgrave.</p> + +<p>Manners maketh man, <a href="#urban_line_32">263/34</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +are more requisite than playing, <a href="#vert_line_512">233/513</a>.</p> + +<p>Man’s arms, the use of, <a href="#young_line_36">268/38</a>.</p> + +<p>Mansuetely, <a href="#nurture_line_884">61/887</a>. Fr. +<i>mansuet</i>, gentle, courteous, meeke, mild, humble. Cot.</p> + +<p>Mantle, <a href="#nurture_line_956">65/957</a>, cloak +or dressing-gown.</p> + +<p>Mantle of a whelk, <a href="#nurture_line_624">44/625</a>.</p> + +<p>Many words are tedious, <a href="#bab_line_72">252/75</a>.</p> + +<p>Mark, Matthew, Luke, and John, bless yourself by, <a href="#curt_line_148">181/151</a>.</p> + +<p>Marquess and Earl are equal, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1012</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1048">72/1049</a>.</p> + +<p>Marshal of the Hall, <a href="#nurture_usher">p. +69-78</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_marshal">p. 170-2</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +his duties, <a href="#curtasye_marshal">p. 188-90</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +arrests rebels, <a href="#curt_line_380">189/381</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +seats men by their ranks, <a href="#curt_line_400">189/403</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +has a short wand, <a href="#curt_line_356">187/356</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +attends to all bed-chambers except the lord’s, <a href="#curtasye_butler">190/427-30</a>.</p> + +<p>Marshal or usher comes up to a guest, <a href="#curt_line_28">178/30</a>.</p> + +<p>Marshallynge, <a href="#nurture_line_1164">78/1165</a>, +arranging of guests.</p> + +<p>Martyn, skin or fur of, for garments, <a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>.</p> + +<p>Martynet, <a href="#keruyng_service">157/9</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/7</a>, the martin +(bird).</p> + +<p>Mary, the Virgin, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/691</a>.</p> + +<p>Mase, <a href="#curt_line_216">183/216</a>, makes.</p> + +<p>Mass, hear one daily, <a href="#young_line_16">266/17</a>.</p> + +<p>Mass heard by the nobles every morning, but not by business men, +<a href="#borde_mass">p. 130</a>.</p> + +<p>Master, don’t go before your, <a href="#curt_line_280">185/281</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t waste his goods, <a href="#nurture_line_44">4/47</a>; +<a href="#counsel">219/9</a>.</p> + +<p>Master, don’t strive with your, <a href="#curt_line_224">183/226</a>. <i>Iamais ne gaigne qui plaide +à son seigneur; ou, qui procede à son Maistre.</i> Pro. No man euer +throue by suing his Lord or Maister; (for either God blesses not so +vndutifull a strife, or successe followes not in so vnequal a match.) +Cot.</p> + +<p>Master of a craft sits above the warden, &c., <a href="#nurture_line_1156">78/1159</a>.</p> + +<p>Master of the Rolls, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1016">70/1017</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1060">72/1060</a>.</p> + +<p>Masters, duties of, <a href="#vert_duty_6">241/6</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">320</span> +<a name="page320" id="page320"> </a> +<!-- png 444 --> + +<p>Mastic, to be chewed before you rest, <a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>.</p> + +<p>Maistirs of the Chauncery, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1024">71/1027</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1068">73/1068</a>.</p> + +<p>Mawes, <a href="#curt_line_52">178/55</a>, mocks; +<a href="#curt_line_340">187/341</a>.</p> + +<p>Mawmeny, recipe for, <a href="#recipes_fritters">p. +145</a>.</p> + +<p>Maydelyn<i>e</i> gynger, <a href="#nurture_line_132">10/132</a>.</p> + +<p>Mayor of Calais, <a href="#nurture_line_1020">70/1020</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1064">72/1064</a>.</p> + +<p>Mayor of London, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1014</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1048">72/1051</a>.</p> + +<p>Mays, <a href="#curt_line_532">194/533</a>, makes.</p> + +<p>Mead, <a href="#nurture_linenote_811">p. 107</a>.</p> + +<p>Meals, 3 a day to be eaten, <a href="#vaughan_10">p. +135</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +only 2 a day, <a href="#harington_mealtime">p. +141</a>.</p> + +<p>Measure is treasure, <a href="#vert_line_476">232/477</a>.</p> + +<p>Mede, <a href="#curt_line_132">181/135</a>, reward; +<i>for no kyn mede</i>, on no account whatever.</p> + +<p>Medelus (meddlesome), don’t be too, <a href="#lerne_line_12">p. 258</a>, +<a href="#abc_m">p. 261</a>, line M.</p> + +<p>Medicinable bath, how to make, <a href="#nurture_medicinable">p. 67-9</a>.</p> + +<p>Meek, don’t be too, like a fool, <a href="#curt_line_176">182/179</a>.</p> + +<p>Meene, <a href="#abc_m">261/15</a>, mean, middle +course.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Moderation.</p> + +<p>Melle, <a href="#young_line_56">268/56</a>, mix, +meddle.</p> + +<p>Men must work, <a href="#young_line_28">268/31</a>.</p> + +<p>Mené, smaller, <a href="#curt_line_604">197/604</a>, +lower officers of the household.</p> + +<p>Menewes in sewe of porpas, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/6</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +in porpas, <a href="#keruyng_crab">167/35</a>.</p> + +<p>Menske, <a href="#curt_line_32">178/32</a>, civility; +<a href="#curt_line_232">184/234</a>, favour. From A.S. +<i>mennisc</i>, human: <i>cf.</i> our double sense of ‘humanity.’ H. +Coleridge. Cp. also ‘kind’ and ‘gentle.’</p> + +<p>Menskely, <a href="#curt_line_288">185/291</a>, +moderately.</p> + +<p>Menuce, <a href="#nurture_line_816">55/819</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +menuse, <a href="#nurture_line_744">52/747</a>, +minnows.</p> + +<p>Meny, <a href="#young_line_88">270/88</a>, +household.</p> + +<p>Merchants, duty of, <a href="#vert_duty_14">242/14</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1036">71/1037</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1068">73/1071</a>.</p> + +<p>Merlynge, <a href="#nurture_line_556">39/558</a>, the +fish whiting; <a href="#nurture_line_832">57/834</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">166/31</a>.</p> + +<p>Mermaid, <a href="#fish_capXXVII">p. 117</a>.</p> + +<p>Merry, be, before bed-time, <a href="#borde">p. +128</a>.</p> + +<p>Merry, don’t be too, <a href="#lerne_line_12">p. +258</a>, +<a href="#abc_m">p. 261</a>, line M.</p> + +<p>Mertenet, <a href="#nurture_line_540">37/542</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_543">p. 98</a>, the martin; +Mertenettes, <a href="#nurture_line_704">49/706</a>.</p> + +<p>Mertinet, <a href="#nurture_line_436">28/437</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_437">p. 95</a>, martin.</p> + +<p>Mess, each, at dinner, to be booked at 6d., <a href="#curt_line_412">190/413</a>.</p> + +<p>Mess, who may sit 2 or 3 at a, <a href="#nurture_line_1052">72/1055</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +who 3 or 4, <a href="#nurture_line_1056">l. 1057</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +who 4 and 4, <a href="#nurture_line_1064">l. 1066</a>.</p> + +<p>Message, when sent on, how to behave, <a href="#vert_chap_viii">236, cap. viii</a>.</p> + +<p>Mesurabli, <a href="#abc_v">p. 261</a>, l. ¶, moderate. +Mesurably, <i>Mensurate</i> (<i>moderate</i>). Prompt.</p> + +<p>Mesure, <a href="#nurture_line_104">8/107</a>, +moderation.</p> + +<p>Metely, <a href="#nurture_line_888">61/890</a>, meet, +fitting.</p> + +<p>Metes, <a href="#nurture_line_844">58/845</a>, +fish.</p> + +<p>Methe, <a href="#nurture_line_816">58/817</a>, +mead.</p> + +<p>Metheglin, <a href="#nurture_linenote_811">p. +107</a>.</p> + +<p>Metis, <a href="#nurture_line_92">8/95</a>, vegetables; +<i>ib.</i> <a href="#nurture_line_100">l. 101</a>, +food.</p> + +<p>Michaelmas to <ins class="mycorr" title="spelling unchanged">Chrismas</ins>, feasts from, <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">p. 164</a>.</p> + +<p>Milk, <a href="#nurture_line_92">8/93</a>. ‘<i>Vin sur +laict, c’est souhait; laict sur vin, c’est venin.</i>’ Prov. Milke +before wine, I would twere mine; milke taken after, is poisons daughter. +Cot. u. <i>Souhait.</i></p> + +<p>Minnows, <a href="#nurture_linenote_747">p. 104</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/6</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Misereatur</i>, to be learnt, <a href="#curt_line_152">181/154</a>.</p> + +<p>Misty, <i>adj.</i>, <a href="#nurture_line_908">62/911</a>.</p> + +<p>Mocker, don’t be a, <a href="#young_line_56">268/59</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">321</span> +<a name="page321" id="page321"> </a> +<!-- png 445 --> + +<p>Moderation, <a href="#nurture_line_104">8/107</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/5</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_476">232/477</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Meene. Cp. p. 104 of the <i>Old English Homilies</i>, ed. +Morris, 1868. ‘Brutes eat as soon as they get it, but the wise man shall +have times set apart for his meals, and then in reason keep to his +regimen.’</p> + +<p>Mood, temper, passion.</p> + +<p>Morning prayer, <a href="#vertue_mornynge">225</a>.</p> + +<p>Morter, <a href="#nurture_line_968">66/968</a>, +bed-candle; <a href="#keruyng_ready"><ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘160’">169</ins>/32</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_500">193/503</a>, a kind of candle +used as a night-light.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Morter, <i>a Mortarium</i>, a light or taper set in churches, to burn +possibly over the graves or shrines of the dead. <i>Cowel.</i> Qu. if +not a cake of wax used for that purpose. Note in Brit. Mus. copy of +Hawkins’s Hist. of Music, ii. 294.</p> + +<p>Mortrowes, <a href="#nurture_line_520">35/520</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_804">54/805</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_824">56/827</a>.</p> + +<p>Mortrus, <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">164/31</a>.</p> + +<p>Motes, <a href="#nurture_line_236">16/236</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_272">18/272</a>, bits of dust, +&c.</p> + +<p>Moths in clothes, <a href="#fish_capXVIa">p. 115</a>, +last line.</p> + +<p>Mought, flesche-, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/280</a>, flesh-moth, louse. ‘Mowȝte, +clothe wyrme (mouhe, mow, mowghe), <i>Tinea</i>; Mought that eateth +clothes, <i>uers de drap</i>.’ Palsgrave; A.S. <i>mođđe</i>. Prompt.</p> + +<p>Moughtes, <a href="#nurture_line_944">64/945</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_945">p. 108</a>, moths.</p> + +<p>Mouth, don’t eat on both sides of, <a href="#curt_line_64">179/65</a>.</p> + +<p>Mouth, drink not with a full, <a href="#bab_line_148">255/149</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +nor speak, <a href="#bab_line_152">255/152</a>.</p> + +<p>Mouth, wipe it before drinking, <a href="#bab_line_152">255/155</a>.</p> + +<p>Mowes (faces), don’t make, <a href="#stans1_line_28">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_28">278/29</a>. Fr. ‘Monnoye de +Singe. <i>Moes</i>, mumps, mouthes; also, friskes, leaps, gambolls.... +Mopping, mumping, <i>mowing</i>; also friskes, gambolls, tumbling +tricks.’ Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Mowynge, <a href="#stans2_line_28">278/29</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_288">19/291</a>; making faces in +derision, grimacing; ‘mowe or skorne,’ <i>vangia vel valgia</i>. Pr. +Parv.</p> + +<p>Mullet, <a href="#nurture_line_840">58/841, 850</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Mulus, a sea-fish, <a href="#fish_capLXI">p. +119</a>.</p> + +<p>Muscadelle, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/118</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_6">p. 89, No. 6</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_wines">153/21</a>, a sweet wine.</p> + +<p><i>Musclade</i> is Span. <i>mezclada</i>, mixture. Ital. +<i>mescolanza</i> is used, in Genoa at least, for a fry of small +fish.—H. H. Gibbs. Minsheu has <i>mézela</i>, <i>méscla</i> +or <i>mezcladura</i>, a medlie, mingling. +<span class="notation"> +Entry added by editor</span></p> + +<p>Musclade of almonds, <a href="#nurture_line_820">55/821</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +in wortes, <a href="#nurture_line_820">55/821</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_crab">167/34</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +of minnows, <a href="#nurture_line_716">50/719</a>.</p> + +<p>Muscles (fish), <a href="#nurture_line_816">55/819</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_812">p. 107</a>; +<a href="#fish_capXXII">p. 116</a>.</p> + +<p>Musculade, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/6</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_crab">167/34</a>.</p> + +<p>Musculus, the cocke of balena, <a href="#fish_capLVII">p. 119</a>.</p> + +<p>Mustard, <a href="#nurture_line_684">48/686</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_686a">p. 100</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_796">54/796</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_840">58/843</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fowl">159/33</a>.</p> + +<p>Mustard and sugar, the sauce for pheasants, &c., <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/538</a>.</p> + +<p>Mustard for brawn, &c., <a href="#nurture_line_532">36/533</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +with fish, <a href="#nurture_line_852">59/853</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +with salt fish, <a href="#nurture_line_556">38/557</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_832">57/832</a>.</p> + +<p>Mustela, the see-wesyll, <a href="#fish_capLVII">p. +119</a>.</p> + +<p>Mutton, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/688</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_799">p. 105</a>. ‘The moton +boyled is of nature and complexion sanguyne, the whiche, to my jugement, +is holsome for your grace.’ <i>Du Guez</i>, p. 1071.</p> + +<p>Mutton, salt, to be eaten with mustard, <a href="#nurture_line_532">36/533</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +stewed, <a href="#nurture_line_796">54/798</a>.</p> + +<p>Mutton, loin of, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_392">25/393</a>.</p> + +<p>Mylet, <a href="#nurture_line_732">51/735</a>, +mullet.</p> + +<p>Myllewelle, the fish, <a href="#nurture_line_552">38/555</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_720">50/723</a>.</p> + +<p>Myñ, <a href="#curt_line_664">199/666</a>, less.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">322</span> +<a name="page322" id="page322"> </a> +<!-- png 446 --> + +<p>Mynce, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Mynse, <a href="#nurture_line_400">26/400</a>, +mince.</p> + +<p>Mysloset, <a href="#curt_line_208">183/208</a>, ? +mispraised or misgoing, misleading.</p> + +<p>Mystere, <a href="#curt_line_636">199/639</a>, craft, +service.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterN" id="letterN" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Nails to be clean, <a href="#lyt_line_8">265/10</a>; +277-8/22; <a href="#nurture_line_268">18/270</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not to be picked at meals, <a href="#bab_line_148">255/150</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be kept from blackness, 277-8/49.</p> + +<p>Nape in the neck, the cony’s to be cut out, <a href="#nurture_line_452">29/455</a>.</p> + +<p>Nape, <a href="#curt_line_656">199/659</a>, +tablecloth.</p> + +<p>Naperé, <a href="#curt_line_640">199/642</a>, napry, +tablecloths and linen; /656, tablecloth.</p> + +<p>Napery, <a href="#nurture_line_60">4/61</a>.</p> + +<p>Nature, all soups not made by, are bad, <a href="#nurture_line_520">35/523</a>.</p> + +<p>Neckweed, <a href="#weed_hempe">p. 124</a>, a hempen +halter.</p> + +<p>Neck-towel, <a href="#nurture_line_192">13/194</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_194">p. <ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘82’">92</ins></a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to wipe knives on, <a href="#curt_line_724">201/727</a>.</p> + +<p>Neghe, <a href="#curt_line_24">178/25</a>, eye.</p> + +<p>Neeze, <a href="#dem_line_60">211/61</a>, sneeze.</p> + +<p>Nereids, <a href="#fish_capLXIIII">p. 119</a>; +<a href="#fish_capXIIII">p. 115</a>.</p> + +<p>Nesch<i>e</i>, <a href="#nurture_line_644">45/644</a>, +tender; <a href="#nurture_line_984">67/985</a>, soft.</p> + +<p>Newfangled, don’t be, <a href="#lerne_line_12">258/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Nice, <a href="#nurture_line_508">33/508</a>, +foolish.</p> + +<p>Nice, don’t be too, <a href="#lerne_line_12">p. +258</a>, +<a href="#abc_m">p. 261</a>, line N.</p> + +<p>Night-cap to be of scarlet stuff, <a href="#borde_nightcap">p. 129</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +must have a hole in the top, to let the vapour out, <a href="#vaughan_14">p. 137</a>.</p> + +<p>Night-gown, <a href="#curt_line_480">193/483</a>.</p> + +<p>No fixed time for meals, <a href="#harington_business">p. 141</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Noble Lyfe and Natures of Man, &c.</i>, by Laurens Andrewe, +<a href="#andrewe_fish">p. 113</a>, &c. &c.</p> + +<p>Nombles, <a href="#nurture_line_520">35/521</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +see Promptorium, p. 360, note 1.</p> + +<p>Nombles of a dere, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/29</a>, entrails, from +<i>umbilicus</i>.</p> + +<p>Noon, dinner at, <a href="#bab_line_128">254/128</a>.</p> + +<p>Norture, give your heart to it, <a href="#stans1_line_4">275</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_4">276/5</a>.</p> + +<p>Nose, don’t blow it on your dinner napkin, <a href="#urban_line_52">263/53</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +when you blow it on your fingers, wipe ’em, <a href="#curt_line_88">179/90</a>.</p> + +<p>Nose, don’t pick it, <a href="#stans1_line_12">275</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_12">276/12</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +at meals, <a href="#bab_line_148">255/150</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +at table, <a href="#lyt_line_36">267/38</a>.</p> + +<p>Nose <i>not</i> to be wiped, <a href="#young_line_140">274/141</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not to be wiped on your cap, &c., <a href="#dem_line_44">210/47-52</a>.</p> + +<p>Nose-napkin, <a href="#vert_line_92">226/94</a>.</p> + +<p>Nottys, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/78</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_78">p. 85</a>, nuts.</p> + +<p>Nowelte, <a href="#nurture_line_784">53/784</a>, +novelty.</p> + +<p>Nown<i>e</i>, <a href="#curt_line_84">179/87</a>, +own.</p> + +<p>Nurrieris, <a href="#nurture_line_1036">71/1039</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_1040">p. 110</a>.</p> + +<p>Nurture, <a href="#nurture_line_648">45/651</a>, +correct way.</p> + +<p>Nurture makes a man, <a href="#urban_line_32">263/34</a>, 30;</p> +<p class="inset"> +needful for every one, <a href="#curt_line_4">177/4</a>.</p> + +<p>Nurtured, pray to be, <a href="#bab_line_116">254/117</a>.</p> + +<p>Nuts, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/19, 20</a>.</p> + +<p>Nyen, <a href="#curt_line_116">180/116</a>, eyes.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterO" id="letterO" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Oaths, hate ’em, <a href="#lerne_line_12">p. 258</a>, +<a href="#abc_m">p. 261</a>, line O.</p> + +<p>Oats, green, in a bath, <a href="#nurture_line_992">69/995</a>.</p> + +<p>Ob. <a href="#curt_line_620">198/620</a>, +halfpence.</p> + +<p>Obedient, servants to be, <a href="#gross_vi">p. <ins +class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘207’">216</ins>, No. vi</a>.</p> + +<p>Office, <a href="#curt_line_736">202/738</a>, mark of +office?</p> + +<p>Officers in Lords’ courts, <a href="#curt_line_324">187/327</a>.</p> + +<p>Officers, their duty, <a href="#vert_duty_19">242/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Officers of shires, cities, and boroughs, their ranks to be +understood, <a href="#nurture_line_1128">76/1130-2</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">323</span> +<a name="page323" id="page323"> </a> +<!-- png 447 --> + +<p>Onions with salt lamprey, <a href="#nurture_line_568">40/569</a>.</p> + +<p>Onone, <a href="#curt_line_588">196/591</a>, anon, at +once.</p> + +<p>Open-clawed birds to be cooked like a capon, <a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn">164/23</a>.</p> + +<p>Opon, <a href="#curt_line_580">196/580</a>, up in?, +about, over.</p> + +<p>Opponents, answer them meekly, <a href="#curt_line_308">186/311</a>.</p> + +<p>Orchun, a sea-monster, <a href="#fish_capLXIIIIa">p. +120</a>.</p> + +<p>Order in speech, keep, <a href="#vert_line_696">235/696</a>.</p> + +<p>Orders of chastity and poverty, monks, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1028">71/1030</a>.</p> + +<p>Orped, <a href="#lerne_line_12">258/14</a>; +<a href="#abc_m">p. 261</a>, l. O, daring; orpud +<i>audax</i>, bellipotens. Pr. Parv.</p> + +<p>Oryent (jelly), <a href="#nurture_line_744">52/746</a>, +bright.</p> + +<p>Osey, <a href="#keruyng_wines">153/19</a>, a sweet wine.</p> + +<p>Osprey, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_400">26/402</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_401">p. 95</a>.</p> + +<p>Osulle, <a href="#nurture_line_436">28/438</a>, the +blackbird.</p> + +<p>Ouemast, <a href="#curt_line_668">200/671</a>, +uppermost.</p> + +<p>Ouerþwart (don’t be), <a href="#lerne_line_12">p. +258</a>, +<a href="#abc_m">p. 261</a>, l. O; Fr. <i>Pervers</i>, +peruerse, crosse, aukeward, <i>ouerthwart</i>, skittish, froward, +vntoward. Cot.</p> + +<p>Oyster, <a href="#fish_capLXVI">p. 120</a>.</p> + +<p>Oysters in ceuy (chive sauce), <a href="#nurture_line_820">55/822</a>, and grauey; <a href="#keruyng_crab">167/34</a>.</p> + +<p>Ox; he is a companionable beast, <a href="#nurture_linenote_799">p. 105</a>.</p> + +<p>Oxen, three in a plough never draw well, <a href="#curt_line_284">185/287</a>.</p> + +<p>Ozey, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/119</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_10">p. 90, No. 10</a>, a +sweet wine.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterP" id="letterP" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Page, the King’s, <a href="#nurture_line_1116">75/1123</a>.</p> + +<p>Pagrus, a fish, <a href="#fish_capLXVII">p. +120</a>.</p> + +<p>Pale, <a href="#keruyng_fruit"><ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘101’">153</ins>/16</a>, grow pale?</p> + +<p>Palettis, <a href="#curt_line_432">197/435</a>, +pallets, beds of straw or rushes.</p> + +<p>Palled, <a href="#nurture_line_180">13/183</a>, stale, +dead.</p> + +<p>Panter, <a href="#curt_line_664">200/667</a>.</p> + +<p>Pantere, <a href="#nurture_line_40">3/40</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +pantrer, <a href="#curtasye_servants">190/405</a>, +<a href="#curtasye_butler">425</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +originally the keeper and cutter-up of bread, see his duties, <a href="#nurture_panter">p. 4</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘<i>Panetier</i>, a Pantler.’ Cot. His duties, to lay the bread, knives, +&c., <a href="#curt_line_664">200/667</a>.</p> + +<p>Panter and butler, <a href="#gross_xii">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘208’">217</ins>, No. xii</a>.</p> + +<p>Pantry, <a href="#curt_line_496">193/499</a>.</p> + +<p>Paraunce, heiers of, <a href="#curt_line_496">193/497</a>, heirs apparent.</p> + +<p>Parelle, <a href="#nurture_line_340">23/343</a>, ‘the +thoþer parte’ in Sloane MS. 1315.</p> + +<p>Parents, salute them, <a href="#vert_line_68">226/71</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_292">229/294</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +wait on ‘em at table, <a href="#vert_line_336">230/337</a>. ’What man he is your father, +you ought to make courtesye to hym all though you shulde mete hym twenty +tymes a daye.’ Palsgrave, ed. 1852, p. 622, col. 1.</p> + +<p>Paris, candles of, <a href="#curt_line_836">205/836</a>.</p> + +<p>Parish priests, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1032">71/1032</a>.</p> + +<p>Parker, <a href="#curt_line_588">196/589</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_596">197/599</a>, park-keeper.</p> + +<p>Parsley roots, <a href="#nurture_line_824">56/826</a>.</p> + +<p>Parsons, the duty of, <a href="#vert_duty_10">242/10</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1028">71/1031</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1068">73/1069</a>.</p> + +<p>Partridge, <a href="#nurture_line_696">49/697</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_696a">p. 103</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_396">25/397</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_416">26/417</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +or wynge, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. 161</a>.</p> + +<p>Partridge, with mustard and sugar, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/538</a>.</p> + +<p>Passage, <a href="#nurture_line_504">33/507</a>, +? passage through the bowels, or passing out of the world.</p> + +<p>Past, <a href="#curt_line_772">203/773</a>, pasty.</p> + +<p>Pastey of venison, &c., <a href="#nurture_line_488">31/490</a>.</p> + +<p>Pasty, lamprey, <a href="#nurture_line_628">44/631</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_631">p. 100</a>.</p> + +<p>Patentis, <a href="#curt_line_564">196/566</a>, letters +patent, grants, gifts by deed.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">324</span> +<a name="page324" id="page324"> </a> +<!-- png 448 --> + +<p>Paternoster, <a href="#curt_line_144">181/145</a>.</p> + +<p>Patience, the fruits of, <a href="#vert_line_820">237/821</a>.</p> + +<p>Pavilowne, <a href="#nurture_line_1076">73/1079</a>, +pavilion, tent.</p> + +<p>Payne puff, <a href="#nurture_line_496">32/497</a>, a +kind of pie, <a href="#nurture_line_696">49/699</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/7</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">163/32</a>.</p> + +<p>Peacock in hakille ryally, <a href="#nurture_line_692">49/695</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_695">p. 103</a>.</p> + +<p>Peacock, <a href="#nurture_line_432">28/433</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +and tail, <a href="#keruyng_service">157/5</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +as to his voice, see Roberts’s <i>Fables Inédits</i>, T. Wright’s +<i>Piers Plowman</i>, ii. 548. +<span class="notation">Definition added by editor</span></p> + +<p>Pearl-muscle, the, <a href="#fish_capXXXI">p. +117</a>.</p> + +<p>Pearl-oyster, <a href="#fish_capLXVI">p. 120</a>.</p> + +<p>Pearls from your nose, do not drop, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/283</a>.</p> + +<p>Pears, <a href="#nurture_line_756">52/757</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_812">55/813</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_824">57/826</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/19</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘Apres la poire, le vin ou le prestre. Prov. After a (cold) Peare, +either drinke wine to concoct it, or send for the Priest to confesse +you.’ Cot.</p> + +<p>Peas and bacon, <a href="#nurture_line_392">25/392</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_516">34/518</a>.</p> + +<p>Peautre, <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">153/28</a>, +pewter;</p> +<p class="inset"> +cp. Margaret Paston’s Letter, Dec., between 1461 and 1466, modernized +ed. 1841, v. 1, p. 159.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘Also, if ye be at home this Christmas, it were well done ye should do +purvey a garnish or twain of <i>pewter</i> vessell, two basins and two +ewers, and twelve candlesticks, for ye have too few of any of these to +serve this place.’ Orig. ed. vol. iv. p. 107, Letter xxx.</p> + +<p>Pece, <a href="#curt_line_792">203/792</a>, cup.</p> + +<p>Peck of oats a day for a horse, <a href="#curt_line_608">197/608</a>.</p> + +<p>Pecocke of the se, <a href="#fish_capLXVII">p. +120</a>.</p> + +<p>Pecten, a fish that winks, <a href="#fish_capLXVII">p. +120</a>.</p> + +<p>Peeres, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/78, 80</a>, +pears.</p> + +<p>Pegyll sauce, <a href="#keruyng_tag_pegyll">165/4</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_note_pegyll">p. 174</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +A malard of the downghyll ys good y-nogh for me wythe plesaunt +<i>pykle</i>, or yt ys elles poyson, perde. Piers of Fullham, +l. 196-7. <i>E. Pop. P.</i> vol. 2, p. 9.</p> + +<p>Pen, paper, and ink, to be taken to school, <a href="#vert_line_116"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘217’">227</ins>/116</a>.</p> + +<p>Pentecost to Midsummer, feasts from, <a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">163/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Pepper, <a href="#nurture_line_840">58/843</a>, eaten +with beef and goose, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/536</a>.</p> + +<p>Pepyns, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/79</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_79">p. 85</a>, pippins.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>pepin-percé</i>, (The name of) a certaine drie sweet apple. +Cot.</p> + +<p>Percely, <a href="#keruyng_crab">168/1</a>, +parsley.</p> + +<p>Perceue, <a href="#nurture_line_916">62/917</a>, look +to, see.</p> + +<p>Perch, <a href="#nurture_line_824">56/824</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_848">58/850</a>.</p> + +<p>Perch (<i>percus</i>), <a href="#fish_capLXVII">p. +120</a>.</p> + +<p>Perch in jelly, <a href="#nurture_line_704">50/707</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_744">52/746</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/9</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/16</a>.</p> + +<p>Perche, <a href="#nurture_line_128">10/128</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_144">11/146</a>, suspended frame or +rod.</p> + +<p>Perche, to hang cloths on, <a href="#keruyng_butler">152/14</a>.</p> + +<p>Perche for ypocras strainers, <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">153/26</a>.</p> + +<p>Percher, <a href="#nurture_line_968">66/968</a>, a kind +of candle.</p> + +<p>Perchers, <a href="#curt_line_464">192/467</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Perchoures, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/32</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_824">205/826</a>, candles, lights.</p> + +<p><i>Per-crucis</i>, the, <a href="#curt_line_152">181/152</a>.</p> + +<p>Peregalle, <a href="#nurture_line_1008">70/1010</a>, +quite equal.</p> + +<p>Pereles, <a href="#nurture_line_1228">72/1231</a>, +peerless, without equal.</p> + +<p>Pericles, the advice of, <a href="#vert_line_888">238/891</a>.</p> + +<p>Peritory, <a href="#nurture_line_988">67/991</a>.</p> + +<p>Perueys, or perneys, <a href="#nurture_line_496">32/499</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_500">p. 96</a>, a sweet +pie.</p> + +<p>Peson, <a href="#nurture_line_544">37/547</a>.</p> + +<p>Peson and porpoise, good potage, <a href="#nurture_line_720">50/720</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">325</span> +<a name="page325" id="page325"> </a> +<!-- png 449 --> + +<p>Pessene, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">166/23</a>, +peason, pease-broth?</p> + +<p>Pestelles, <a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn">164/11, +28</a>, legs.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Pestle is a hock, Fr. <i>Faucille</i> (in a horse), the bought or pestle +of the thigh. Cot.</p> + +<p>Pestilence, silk and skins not to be worn during, <a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>.</p> + +<p>Petipetes, or pety-pettys, <a href="#nurture_note_99">p. 32, note <sup>2</sup></a>; +<a href="#nurture_note_100">l. 499, +note <sup>3</sup></a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +‘<i>Petipetes</i>, are Pies made of Carps and Eels first roasted, and +then minced, and with Spices made up in Pies.’ R. Holme.</p> + +<p>Petycote, <a href="#nurture_line_872">60/872</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_888">61/891</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_chamber">168/22, 30</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +Randle Holme, Bk III., chap. ii. §xxvii., p. 19, col. 1, says, ‘He +beareth Argent, a Semeare, Gules; Sleeves faced or turned up, Or +<i>Petty-Coat</i> Azure; the skirt or bottom Laced, or Imbrauthered of +the third. This is a kind of loose Garment without, and stiffe Bodies +under them, & was a great fashion for Women about the year 1676. +Some call them Mantua’s; they have very short Sleeves, nay, some of the +Gallants of the times, have the Sleeves gathered up to the top of the +Shoulders and there stayed, or fastned with a Button and Loope, or set +with a rich Jewel.’ He gives a drawing of it two pages before.</p> + +<p>Petycote of scarlet over the skirt, <a href="#borde_apparel">p. 131</a>.</p> + +<p>Pety peruaunt, <a href="#nurture_note_99">32/note <sup>2</sup></a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_500">96/xx</a>.</p> + +<p>Pety perueis, or perneis, <a href="#nurture_line_704">50/707</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_748">52/748</a>.</p> + +<p>Petyperuys, <a href="#keruyng_service">157/9</a>.</p> + +<p>Pewter basons, <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">153/28</a>.</p> + +<p>Pheasant, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_416">27/417</a>;</p> + +<p class="inset"> +to alaye or carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. +161</a>.</p> + +<p>Pheasant to be cooked dry, and eaten with ginger, <a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘163’">164</ins>/17</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +with mustard and sugar, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/538</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +stewed, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/688</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_688a">p. 101</a>.</p> + +<p>Pick not your nose, teeth, or nails, <a href="#bab_line_148">255/150</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_280">18/283</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Nose, &c.</p> + +<p>Pick not your teeth with your knife, <a href="#stans1_line_40">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_40">278/42</a>.</p> + +<p>Pick yourself, don’t, <a href="#stans2_line_12">276/14</a>.</p> + +<p>Pick your teeth with a knife, or fingers, don’t, <a href="#curt_line_92">180/93</a>.</p> + +<p>Pie, how to carve a, <a href="#nurture_line_480">31/482</a>.</p> + +<p>Pie, <a href="#curt_line_772">203/773</a>.</p> + +<p>Pig, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_444">28/446</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_688">48/689</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +roast, <a href="#nurture_line_800">54/801</a>.</p> + +<p>Pig and ginger sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/537</a>.</p> + +<p>Pig’s feet, <a href="#keruyng_tag_flawn">161/9</a>.</p> + +<p>Pigeon, <a href="#nurture_line_436">28/438</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +baked, <a href="#nurture_line_488">29/491</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +roast, <a href="#nurture_line_808">54/808</a>.</p> + +<p>Pight, <a href="#nurture_line_1132">76/1134</a>, +placed.</p> + +<p>Pigmies, <a href="#nurture_linenote_695n">p. 102, +note</a>.</p> + +<p>Pike, <a href="#nurture_line_724">50/724</a>; +<a href="#fish_capLIII">p. 119</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_836">57/839</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_560">39/562</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">p. <ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘164’">166</ins></a>, last line; colice of, <a href="#nurture_line_824">56/824</a>.</p> + +<p>Pike, names of a, <a href="#nurture_linenote_fish">p. +99</a>.</p> + +<p>Pike not your nose, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/283</a>.</p> + +<p>Pilgrimages vowed, to be performed, <a href="#curt_line_200">183/201</a>.</p> + +<p>Pillow, <a href="#nurture_line_924">53/925</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_964">66/965</a>.</p> + +<p>Piment, <a href="#keruyng_wines">153/22</a>, a sweet +wine.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Notes to Russell, <a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_4">p. 86-8</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Pincernarius</i>, <a href="#curtasye_butler">190/422-3</a>, butler.</p> + +<p>Pinions indigestible, <a href="#nurture_line_360">24/363</a>.</p> + +<p>Pinna, a fish, <a href="#fish_capLXX">p. 120</a>.</p> + +<p>Pippins, <a href="#nurture_line_712">50/713</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/25</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Pistor</i>, <a href="#curtasye_baker">198/622-3</a>, +the baker.</p> + +<p>Plaice, <a href="#fish_capLXX">p. 120</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_568">40/570</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Plaice with wine, <a href="#nurture_line_836">57/839</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">326</span> +<a name="page326" id="page326"> </a> +<!-- png 450 --> + +<p>Planer, <a href="#nurture_line_56">4/58</a>, (ivory) +smoother (for salt); <a href="#keruyng_butler">152/9</a>.</p> + +<p>Platere, <a href="#nurture_line_408">26/408</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +plater, <a href="#nurture_line_632">44/633</a>, +platter.</p> + +<p>Playes, <a href="#curt_line_816">204/818</a>, +folds.</p> + +<p>Pliȝt, <a href="#nurture_line_240">16/242</a>, +fold.</p> + +<p>Plite, <a href="#nurture_line_432">28/434</a>, +manner.</p> + +<p>Plommys, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/77</a>, +plums.</p> + +<p>Plover, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/539</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_541">p. 97</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_696">49/697</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">p. 158</a>, last line; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/1</a>.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Seththe sche brouȝt hom in haste</p> +<p>Ploverys poudryd in paste.</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +<i>Sir Degrevant</i>, 235, l. 1402.</p> + +<p>Plover, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_416">27/417</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to mynce or carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_teal">p. +163</a>.</p> + +<p>Plummets of lead, <a href="#borde_mass">131/4</a>.</p> + +<p>Plums, <a href="#nurture_line_668">46/668</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/20</a>.</p> + +<p>Plyed, <a href="#curt_line_688">200/690</a>, +folded.</p> + +<p>Plyte, <a href="#keruyng_surnape">155/31</a>, +plait.</p> + +<p>Points, truss your masters, <a href="#nurture_line_896">62/898</a>. To <i>truss ... the +points</i> was to tie the laces which supported the hose or breeches. +Nares.</p> + +<p>Polippus, a fish, <a href="#fish_capXXIIII">p. 117</a>, +<a href="#fish_capLXVII">p. 120</a>.</p> + +<p>Pommander, <a href="#harington_business">p. 141</a>, a +kind of perfume made up in a ball and worn about the person.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> recipes in Halliwell’s Gloss.</p> + +<p>Poor, think of them first, <a href="#lyt_line_16">265/16</a>.</p> + +<p>Poor men, their duty, <a href="#vert_duty_17">242/17</a>.</p> + +<p>Pope has no peer, <a href="#nurture_line_1004">70/1006</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1044">72/1045</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +his father or mother is not equal to him, <a href="#nurture_line_1096">74/1097-1104</a>.</p> + +<p>Pork, <a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn">164/12</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">28, 30, 32</a>.</p> + +<p>Porpoise, <a href="#nurture_line_580">41/582</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_820">55/823</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_533">p. 97, note on l. +533</a>.</p> + +<p>Porpoise, fresh, <a href="#nurture_line_848">58/849</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +salt, <a href="#nurture_line_548">38/548</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_832">57/835</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">166/25</a>.</p> + +<p>Portenaunce, <a href="#keruyng_tag_flawn">161/9</a>, +belongings, an animal’s intestines. Palsgrave (in Halliwell).</p> + +<p>Porter at the gate, <a href="#curt_line_4">177/6</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to have the longest wand, <a href="#curt_line_352">187/355</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +his duties and perquisites, <a href="#curtasye_porter">p. +188</a>.</p> + +<p>Port-payne, <a href="#nurture_line_260">17/262</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_262">p. 93</a>; a cloth for +carrying bread. Cp. ‘þen brede he brynges, in towell<i>e</i> wrythyñ,’ +<a href="#curt_line_684">200/685</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +cp. <a href="#curt_line_784">203/784</a>.</p> + +<p>Possate, <a href="#nurture_line_92">8/94</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_94">p. 85</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +posset, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/33</a>.</p> + +<p>Post, don’t lean against it, <a href="#bab_line_80">253/82</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_8">275/9</a>; +<a href="#stans2_line_8">276/10</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_324">186/325</a>.</p> + +<p>Potage, <a href="#nurture_line_516">34/516-17</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_694a">p. 102</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_692">49/693</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_744">52/745</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_828">56/829</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/30</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn">164/10, 13</a>.</p> + +<p>Potage to be served after brawn, <a href="#nurture_line_684">48/687</a>; p. 102;</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘physicions ben of opynyon that one ought to begyn the meate of vitayle +(<i>uiandes liquides</i>) to thende that by that means to gyve direction +to the remenant.’ 1532-3. Giles du Guez’s <i>Introductorie</i>, ed. +1852, p. 1071.</p> + +<p>Potage, how assayed, <a href="#curt_line_764">203/765</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to be supped, <a href="#vert_line_440">234/443-50</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be supped quietly, <a href="#curt_line_68">179/70</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +eat it with a spoon, don’t sup it, <a href="#bab_line_144">255/144</a>.</p> + +<p>Potelle, <a href="#nurture_line_148">11/148</a>, a +liquid measure.</p> + +<p>Potestate, <a href="#nurture_line_912">62/915</a>, man +of power, noble.</p> + +<p>Pouder, <a href="#keruyng_crab">167/16</a>, ? ginger or +pepper.</p> + +<p>Poudre, <a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn">164/22</a>, ? +ginger, see <a href="#keruyng_feast_iohn">l. 19</a>.</p> + +<p>Poudres, <a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">163/17</a>, +spices?</p> + +<p>Powche, <a href="#nurture_line_500">33/501</a>, ? +poached-egg, <a href="#nurture_linenote_501">p. 96</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_700">49/700</a>.</p> + +<p>Powder, <a href="#nurture_line_588">42/589, +597</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +? salt & spice, <a href="#nurture_line_620">43/620</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>The Forme of Cury</i> mentions ‘powdour fort,’ +<span class="pagenum">327</span> +<a name="page327" id="page327"> </a> +<!-- png 451 --> +p. 15, p. 24, and ‘powdo<i>ur</i> douce,’ p. 12, +p. 14, p. 25. Pegge, Pref. xxix., ‘I take +<i>powder-douce</i> to be either powder of galyngal (for see Editor’s +MS. II. 20, 24;) or a compound made of sundry aromatic spices ground or +beaten small, and kept always ready at hand in some proper receptacle. +It is otherwise termed <i>good powders</i>, 83. 130. and in Editor’s MS. +17. 37. 38 (but see the next article,) or <i>powder</i> simply No. 169. +170. (p. 76), and p. 103, No. xxxv.’</p> + +<p>Powder, <a href="#nurture_line_572">40/573</a>, ? not +<i>sprinkle</i> verb, but <i>brine</i> or <i>salt</i> sb.</p> + +<p>Powders for sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_412">26/412</a>.</p> + +<p>Powdred, <a href="#nurture_line_532">36/533</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_533">p. 97</a>, salted.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Dutch <i>besprenght vleesch</i>, Powdered or Salted meate. Hexham. +Cotgrave has ‘Piece de laboureur salé. A peece of <i>powdered</i> beefe. +Salant ... salting; <i>powdering</i> or seasoning with salt. Charnier, a +<i>poudering</i> tub. Saliere ... a salt-seller, also, a +<i>powdering</i> house.’</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘Item that theire be no White Salt [see p. 30] occupied in my +Lordis Hous withowt it be for the Pantre, or <i>for castyng upon +meit</i>, or for seasonynge of meate.’ <i>North. Hous. Book</i>, +p. 57. The other salt was the <i>Bay-Saltt</i> of p. 32. +‘<i>Poudred</i> Eales or Lamprons 1 mess. 12d.’ <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 175.</p> + +<p>Powdur, <a href="#nurture_line_836">57/838</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_844">58/847</a>, ? blanche powder. +Fr. ‘<i>Pouldre blanche</i>, A powder compounded of Ginger, Cinnamon, +and Nutmegs; much in vse among Cookes.’ Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Powt not, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/294</a>.</p> + +<p>Praised, when, rise up and return thanks, <a href="#bab_line_104">253/104</a>.</p> + +<p>Praising (flattering), don’t be, <a href="#lerne_line_12">p. 259</a>, +<a href="#abc_m">p. 261</a>, line P.</p> + +<p>Pray, pp. <a href="#vaughan_14">137</a>, +<a href="#harington_sleep">140</a>.</p> + +<p>Prayer, morning, <a href="#vertue_mornynge">225</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +evening, <a href="#vertue_bedde">240</a>.</p> + +<p>Prayer, the best, <a href="#bab_line_116">254/117</a>-19.</p> + +<p>Prayers to be said, <a href="#vaughan_8">p. +135</a>.</p> + +<p>Precedence, the degrees of, <a href="#nurture_precedence">p. 70-78</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_1004">p. 110</a>.</p> + +<p>Prechoure of pardon; rank of one, <a href="#nurture_line_1028">71/1028</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1068">73/1069</a>.</p> + +<p>Precious stone, to be worn in a ring, <a href="#harington_business">p. 141</a>.</p> + +<p>Preket, <a href="#curt_line_508">193/510</a>, ? not a +spike to stick a light on, but a kind of candle. See <a href="#curt_note_58">note <sup>3</sup> on <ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘214’">205</ins>/825</a>. One of the said groomes of +the privy chamber to carry to the chaundrie all the remaine of morters, +torches, quarries, <i>pricketts</i>, wholly and intirely, withoute +imbesseling or purloyning any parte thereof. <i>H. Ord.</i> +p. 157.</p> + +<p>Prelates, the duty of, <a href="#vert_duty_3">241/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Press up among the gentlefolk, don’t, <a href="#urban_line_24">262/25</a>.</p> + +<p>Press not too high, <a href="#stans1_line_24">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_24">278/25</a>.</p> + +<p>Prest, <a href="#nurture_line_432">28/434</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +preste, <a href="#bab_line_112">254/115</a>; ready.</p> + +<p>Prestly, <a href="#nurture_line_908">62/910</a>, +readily.</p> + +<p>Pricks, Pref. <ins class="mycorr" title="citation unidentified">p. ci.-ciii.</ins>; Sp. <i>fiél</i>, the pinne set at buts +or <i>pricks</i> which archers measure to. Minsheu.</p> + +<p>Priest, don’t blame him, <a href="#curt_line_244">184/244</a>.</p> + +<p>Primate of England, <a href="#nurture_line_1080">73/1082</a>.</p> + +<p>Prince, rank of a, <a href="#nurture_line_1008">70/1009</a>.</p> + +<p>Princes & dukes, don’t be privy with them, <a href="#lerne_line_12">p. 259</a>, +<a href="#abc_m">p. 261</a>, line P.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">328</span> +<a name="page328" id="page328"> </a> +<!-- png 452 --> + +<p>Princes, the duty of, <a href="#vert_duty_1">241/1</a>.</p> + +<p>Prior of a Cathedral, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1015</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +simple, <a href="#nurture_line_1016">l. 1016</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1056">72/1059</a>; the ranks +of.</p> + +<p>Priors of Canterbury & Dudley not to mess together, <a href="#nurture_line_1144">77/1145-8</a>.</p> + +<p>Private dinners and suppers not to be allowed, <a href="#gross_xvii">p. 218, No. xvii</a>.</p> + +<p>Privehouse, <a href="#nurture_line_928">63/931</a>, +privy (to be kept clean).</p> + +<p>Privy members not to be exposed, <a href="#nurture_line_304">20/305</a>; +<a href="#dem_line_140">213/141</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +or clawed, <a href="#nurture_line_284">19/286</a>.</p> + +<p>Privy seat, cover it with green cloth, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/21</a>.</p> + +<p>Promises, keep your, <a href="#young_line_48">268/48</a>.</p> + +<p>Property, the difference it makes in the way men of the same rank are +to be treated, <a href="#nurture_property">p. +76-7</a>.</p> + +<p>Prothonat, <a href="#keruyng_marshal">p. 170</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +prothonotary, <a href="#nurture_line_1060">72/1063</a>.</p> + +<p>Prouande, <a href="#curt_line_604">197/605</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +provender, forage for horses, used in l. 608 for oats.</p> + +<p>Provyncialle, <a href="#nurture_line_1020">70/1021</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1060">72/1062</a>; ? governor of a +province.</p> + +<p>Prow, <a href="#lyt_line_84">271/86</a>, advantage, +duty, the correct thing to do.</p> + +<p>Prowe, <a href="#nurture_line_236">16/236</a>; +advantage.</p> + +<p>Prowl not for fleshmoths in your head, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/280</a>.</p> + +<p>Puff not, <a href="#nurture_line_300">20/303</a>.</p> + +<p>Pullets, <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">p. 164</a>, +last line.</p> + +<p>Pulter, <a href="#curt_line_580">196/581</a>. Fr. +<i>Poullailler</i>, a Poulter or keeper of pullaine. Cot.</p> + +<p>Purpayne, <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">154/11</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Port-payne.</p> + +<p>Purpose, <a href="#nurture_line_720">50/720</a>, +porpoise; roasted on coals, <a href="#nurture_line_724">50/724</a>.</p> + +<p>Purveyde, <a href="#bab_line_68">252/71</a>, provided +beforehand.</p> + +<p>Pyment, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/118</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_4">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘97’">87</ins>, No. 4</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_alpha">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘96’">86</ins></a>, a sweet wine.</p> + +<p>Pyndynge, <a href="#nurture_line_504">33/507</a>, +tormenting, torturing, A.S. <i>pinan</i>.</p> + +<p>Pyntill, a whelk’s, <a href="#nurture_line_624">44/625</a>.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterQ" id="letterQ" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Quail, to wynge or carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_quail">p. 162</a>.</p> + +<p>Quails, <a href="#nurture_line_436">28/437</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_544">37/544</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_544">p. 98</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_704">49/706</a>.</p> + +<p>Quarelose, <a href="#abc_q">p. 261</a>, l. Q, +querulous; Quarel, or querel, or playnt, <i>Querela</i>. Prompt.</p> + +<p>Quarell (square) of a glasse wyndowe, <a href="#borde_apparel">p. 131</a>, last line.</p> + +<p>Queder, <a href="#curt_line_712">201/715</a>, whether +of two; <i>neuer þe queder</i>, never mind which of the two?</p> + +<p>Queeme, <a href="#abc_q">p. 261</a>, l. Q; A.S. +<i>cweman</i>, to please.</p> + +<p>Quelmes, <a href="#curt_line_700">201/703</a>, +covers.</p> + +<p>Queneborow, the Mayor of, not to be put beside the Mayor of London, +<a href="#nurture_line_1136">76/1138</a>.</p> + +<p>Quere, <a href="#curt_line_692">200/693</a>, +circle?</p> + +<p>Questions, three, to ask your companions, <a href="#curt_line_296">186/299</a>.</p> + +<p>Queynt, don’t be, <a href="#lerne_line_16">p. 259</a>, +<a href="#abc_q">p. 261</a>, l. 2.</p> + +<p>Quick in serving, be, <a href="#stans1_line_60">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_60">280/61</a>.</p> + +<p>Quinces, <a href="#nurture_line_824">56/826</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +baked, <a href="#nurture_line_708">50/708</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +in sirup, <a href="#keruyng_crab">168/1</a>.</p> + +<p>Quosshyns, <a href="#nurture_line_924">63/924</a>, +cushions.</p> + +<p>Qweche, <a href="#curt_line_300">186/301</a>, who, +what.</p> + +<p>Qwyle, <a href="#curt_line_428">190/431</a>, while.</p> + +<p>Qwysshenes, <a href="#curt_line_456">192/456</a>, +cushions for a bed, ? pillows.</p> + +<p>Qwyte, <a href="#curt_line_700">201/701</a>, white.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterR" id="letterR" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Rabettes sowkers, <a href="#nurture_line_456">29/457</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_457">p. 95</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_696">49/697</a>, sucking +rabbits.</p> + +<p>Rack for horses, <a href="#curt_line_608">197/610</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">329</span> +<a name="page329" id="page329"> </a> +<!-- png 453 --> + +<p>Rage not too much, <a href="#lerne_line_16">259/17</a>; +<a href="#abc_q">p. 261, l. R</a>.</p> + +<p>Rage, <a href="#urban_line_76">p. 264, l. 76</a>, break +bounds, riot.</p> + +<p>Rain, the peacock’s cry a token of, <a href="#nurture_linenote_695a">p. 103, note on Peacock</a>.</p> + +<p>Raisins, <a href="#nurture_line_72">5/74</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/21</a>.</p> + +<p>Rakke, <a href="#nurture_line_112">9/115</a>, rake, go, +move, Sw. <i>r<ins class="mycorr" title="printed as ‘e’ over ‘a’">ä</ins>cka</i>, to stretch or reach to. Wedgwood, u. +<i>rake</i>.</p> + +<p>Rash and reckless, be not, <a href="#nurture_line_296">19/296</a>.</p> + +<p>Raspise, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/118</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_5">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘98’">88</ins></a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +raspys, <a href="#keruyng_wines">153/21</a>, a sweet +wine.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +All maner of wynes be made of grapes, excepte <i>respyce</i>, the whiche +is made of a berye.—A. Borde, <i>Dyetary of Wynes</i>, sign. +F. i. +<span class="notation"> +Reference added by editor.</span></p> + +<p>Raw fruits are bad, <a href="#nurture_line_96">8/97</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/35</a>.</p> + +<p>Ready to serve, always be, <a href="#bab_line_108">254/110, 115</a>.</p> + +<p>Raynes, towaile of, <a href="#nurture_line_212">14/213</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_213">p. 92</a>. Rennes, in +Brittany.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>What avayleth now my feather bedds soft?</p> +<p>Sheets of <i>Raynes</i>, long, large, and wide,</p> +<p>And dyvers devyses of clothes chaynged oft.</p> +</div> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Metrical Visions</i>, by George Cavendish, in his Life of Wolsey, ed. +Singer, ii. 17.</p> +<p class="inset"> +In <i>Sir Degrevant</i> the cloths are ‘Towellys of Eylyssham, Whyȝth as +the seeys fame,’ 225/1385.</p> + +<p>Reason, be ruled by, <a href="#counsel">219/2</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_624">234/627</a>.</p> + +<p>Rebels in court to be arrested, <a href="#curt_line_380">189/382</a>.</p> + +<p>Reboyle, <a href="#nurture_line_108">8/110</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_112">9/113</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_109">p. 86</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/9</a>, ferment and bubble out +of a cask.</p> + +<p>Reboyle, <a href="#nurture_line_112">8/115</a>, +fermentation.</p> + +<p>Rechy, <a href="#nurture_line_356">23/359</a>, ? +causing belches.</p> + +<p>Receiver of rents, forfeits, &c., the, <a href="#curtasye_treasurer">196/575, 587</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +his duties, <a href="#curtasye_receiver">p. 197</a>.</p> + +<p>Receyte, <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">154/17</a>, +sediment, dregs.</p> + +<p>Receytes, <a href="#nurture_line_508">33/508</a>, +takings-in, stuffing themselves with choice dishes.</p> + +<p>Red landlord or landlady, don’t go to any, <a href="#curt_line_304">186/307</a>.</p> + +<p>Red wyne, properties of, <a href="#nurture_line_140">10/140</a>.</p> + +<p>Refet, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/8</a>, fish +entrails, roe, &c.</p> + +<p>Refett, <a href="#nurture_line_576">40/576</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_577">p. 99</a>; ? roe, <a href="#nurture_line_836">57/839</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_839">p. 108</a>.</p> + +<p>Regardes, <a href="#nurture_line_756">52/756</a>, +things to look at.</p> + +<p>Rehete, <a href="#bab_line_168">256/171</a>; Fr. +<i>rehaiter</i>, to reuiue, reioyce, cheere vp exceedingly; Cotgrave. +‘ranimer, réjouir, refaire.’ Burguy.</p> + +<p>Rekles, richelees, <a href="#stans1_line_4">275</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_4">276/6</a>, careless.</p> + +<p>Remelant, <a href="#curt_line_52">178/52</a>, +remnant.</p> + +<p>Removing from castle to castle, <a href="#curt_line_372">188/373</a>.</p> + +<p>Remyssailes, <a href="#stans1_line_48">277/48</a>, ? +pieces put on; Fr. <i>remettre</i>, to com<i>m</i>it or put vnto. +Cot.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +leavings. +<span class="notation">Definition added by editor</span></p> + +<p>Renners, <a href="#nurture_line_124">10/127</a>, +strainers; <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">153/27</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_ypocras">154/15</a>.</p> + +<p>Renysshe wine, <a href="#keruyng_wines">153/20</a>, +Rhenish.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Sche brouȝthe hem Vernage and Crete,</p> +<p class="in1">And wyne of the <i>Reyne</i>, l. 1704.</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>And evere sche drow hem the wyn,</p> +<p>Bothe the Roche and the <i>Reyn</i>,</p> +<p class="in1">And the good Malvesyn, l. 1415.</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +<i>Sir Degrevant</i>, Thornton Romances.</p> + +<p>Repairs of castles, &c., the Receiver sees to, <a href="#curt_line_600">197/601</a>.</p> + +<p>Repeat gossip and secrets, don’t, <a href="#urban_line_76">264/78</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">330</span> +<a name="page330" id="page330"> </a> +<!-- png 454 --> + +<p>Replye, <a href="#curt_line_660">199/661</a>, fold +back.</p> + +<p>Reprove no man, <a href="#urban_line_64">264/67</a>.</p> + +<p>Rere, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve; +<a href="#curt_line_752">202/754</a>, raise, lift up.</p> + +<p>Rerynge, <a href="#nurture_line_396">26/399</a>, +cutting.</p> + +<p>Resayue, <a href="#curt_line_572">196/575</a>, +receive.</p> + +<p><i>Resceu</i>, <a href="#curt_line_540">195/542</a>, +received.</p> + +<p>Residencers, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1068">73/1069</a>.</p> + +<p>Resty, <a href="#nurture_line_356">13/359</a>, mouldy, +as rusty bacon, wheat, &c., <a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘156’">158</ins>/6</a>.</p> + +<p>Retch not, <a href="#nurture_line_268">18/271</a>.</p> + +<p>Revelling, don’t be, <a href="#lerne_line_16">259/17</a>; +<a href="#abc_q">p. 261, l. R</a>.</p> + +<p>Revengeful, don’t be, <a href="#lerne_line_20">259/20</a>; p. 261, l. V. +<span class="notation"> +Word does not occur in <i>The ABC of Aristotle</i> (p. 261).</span></p> + +<p>Reverence thy fellows, <a href="#stans1_line_64">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_64">280/67</a>.</p> + +<p>Rewarde, <a href="#curt_line_420">190/421, 418</a>, +name of the second supply of bread at table.</p> + +<p>Rewe, A.S. <i>hreówan</i>, to rue, repent; <i>hreówian</i>, to feel +grieved, be sorry for.</p> + +<p>Reynes, <a href="#keruyng_bread">155/14</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Raynes.</p> + +<p>Reynes, a kercher of, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/28</a>.</p> + +<p>Reyse, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">p. 158</a>, last +line, cut off; <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/14</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘how many bestis berith lether, and how many skyn? Alle that be ... +<i>arracies</i>, that is to say, the skyn pullyd ovyr the hed, beryth +skyn.’ Twety, in <i>Rel. Ant.</i>, i. 152.</p> + +<p>Reysons, <a href="#nurture_line_72">5/74</a>, raisins; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/21</a>.</p> + +<p>Rialte, <a href="#nurture_line_856">59/858</a>, +royalty, courtly customs?</p> + +<p>Ribaldry, avoid, <a href="#urban_line_76">264/76</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t talk, <a href="#stans1_line_44">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_44">278/44</a>.</p> + +<p>Rice, standing and liquid, <a href="#nurture_line_824">56/827-8</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +standing, <a href="#keruyng_crab">168/2</a>.</p> + +<p>Rich, their duty, <a href="#vert_duty_16">242/16</a>.</p> + +<p>Right hand, the carver’s, not to touch the food, <a href="#nurture_line_324">22/327</a>.</p> + +<p>Right shoulder after your better’s back, <a href="#urban_line_84">264/85</a>.</p> + +<p>Right side, sleep on it first, <a href="#borde_tag_1">p. 129</a>.</p> + +<p>Righteousness, the reward of, <a href="#curt_line_180">182/181</a>.</p> + +<p>Riotous, don’t be, <a href="#lerne_line_16">259/17</a>; +<a href="#abc_q">p. 261</a>, l. R.</p> + +<p>Rise when your lord gives you his cup, <a href="#bab_line_120">254/120</a>.</p> + +<p>Rise early, <a href="#young_line_8">266/11</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_56">226/58</a>.</p> + +<p>Rising, what to do on, <a href="#borde_nightcap">p. +130</a>, +<a href="#vaughan_1">133</a>.</p> + +<p>River-birds, <a href="#keruyng_skin">p. 165</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘And all foules (<i>uolatilles</i>) and byrdes of water +(<i>riuiéres</i>), as ben swannes, gese, malardes, teales, herons, +bytters (<i>butors</i>), and all suche byrdes ben of nature melancolyke, +lesse neverthelesse rosted then boyled.’ <i>Du Guez</i>, +p. 1071.</p> + +<p>River water in sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_540">36/540</a>.</p> + +<p>Roach, <a href="#nurture_line_572">40/574</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_572">p. 98</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_840">58/841, 849</a>.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>But in stede of sturgen or lamprons</p> +<p>he drawyth vp a gurnerd or gogeons,</p> +<p>kodlynges, konger, or suche queyse fysche</p> +<p>As wolwyche <i>roches</i> that be not worth a rusche.</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +Piers of Fullham, l. 17-20, <i>E. Pop. P.</i>, v. 2, p. 3.</p> + +<p>Roast apples and pears, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/26</a>.</p> + +<p>Roast beef; garlic its sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/536</a>.</p> + +<p>Roast porpoise, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/8</a>.</p> + +<p>Rob, <a href="#curt_line_324">187/327</a>, rub.</p> + +<p>Robe, <a href="#nurture_line_908">62/908</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Robbe d’autruy ne fait honneur à nulluy</i>: Prov. No apparell can +truly grace him that owes [= owns] it not. Cotgrave, u. +<i>Autruy.</i></p> + +<span class="pagenum">331</span> +<a name="page331" id="page331"> </a> +<!-- png 455 --> + +<p>Robes; yeomen and servants to wear, <a href="#gross_vii">p. 216, No. vii</a>.</p> + +<p>Roche alum, <a href="#vaughan_6">p. 134</a>.</p> + +<p>Rochet, <a href="#keruyng_tag_rochet">167/5</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_note_rochet">p. 174</a>, roach. +‘Rutilus, the Roach or <i>Rochet</i>; a Fish.’ Phillips.</p> + +<p>Rods, four officers to bear, <a href="#curt_line_352">187/353</a>.</p> + +<p>Romney modoun, <a href="#nurture_line_96">8/96</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_104">104</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_116">9/116, 119</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_alpha">p. 86</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_7">p. 89, note 7 and +6</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/34</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/3</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_wines">21</a>.</p> + +<p>Roppes, <a href="#nurture_line_512">34/512</a>, +bowels.</p> + +<p>Rose, coloured, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">153/14</a>, a +wine?</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘Eau clairette. A water (made of Aquauite, Cinnamon, Sugar, and old red +Rose water) excellent against all the diseases of the Matrix.’ Cot.</p> + +<p>Rosewater, <a href="#vaughan_7">135/2</a>; +<a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +after a bath, <a href="#nurture_line_984">67/985</a>.</p> + +<p>Roughe, <a href="#nurture_line_644">45/644</a>, +roe.</p> + +<p>Rovnynge, <a href="#bab_line_92">253/95</a>, +whispering.</p> + +<p>Rounde, <a href="#lyt_line_52">269/54</a>; Fr. +<i>suroreiller</i>, to round, or whisper in the eare. Cot.</p> + +<p>Rownyng, <a href="#curt_line_248">184/250</a>, +whispering.</p> + +<p>Rub yourself every day, <a href="#vaughan_2">p. +133</a>; +<a href="#harington_arise">p. 138</a>, +<a href="#harington_summer">139</a>, +<a href="#harington_after">142</a>.</p> + +<p>Rub yourself, don’t, <a href="#stans1_line_12">275/14</a>.</p> + +<p>Rub your teeth, <a href="#vaughan_6">p. 133</a>.</p> + +<p>Rubus, a fish, <a href="#fish_capLXXVIII">p. +121</a>.</p> + +<p>Ruffelynge, <a href="#nurture_line_248">16/250</a>, +ruffling.</p> + +<p>Rumbus, a fish, <a href="#fish_capLXVII">p. +120</a>.</p> + +<p>Russell, John: his <i>Boke of Nurture</i>, <a href="#nurture_main">p. 1-83</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +describes his position and training, <a href="#nurture_summary">p. 79</a>, +<a href="#nurture_youth">81, 82</a>.</p> + +<p>Rybbewort, <a href="#nurture_line_992">68/992</a>.</p> + +<p>Ryme, <a href="#curt_line_504">193/507</a></p> +<p class="inset"> +? haste; A.S. <i>hrým, hrúm</i> is soot; <i>rúm</i>, room, space; +<i>ryman</i>, to make room, give place, make way. Bosworth.</p> + +<p>Ryoche, a fish, <a href="#fish_capLXXVIII">p. +121</a>.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterS" id="letterS" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Sad, <a href="#stans2_line_16">276/17</a>, steady, +fixed.</p> + +<p>Saddles, old, for yeomen, <a href="#curt_line_612">197/613</a>.</p> + +<p>Sadly, <a href="#nurture_line_620">43/621</a>, +quietly?</p> + +<p>Sadnes, <a href="#nurture_line_308">21/308</a>, +sobriety.</p> + +<p>Saffron, capons coloured with, <a href="#keruyng_feast_easter">161/1</a>.</p> + +<p>Sage, fruture, <a href="#nurture_line_708">50/708</a>.</p> + +<p>Salads, <a href="#nurture_line_96">8/97</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +green, are bad, <a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/35</a>. ‘He +that wine drinkes not after a (cold) <i>sallate</i>, his health +indangers (and does wrong to his pallate).’ Cot. See a recipe for Salat +of 14 vegetables, &c., in <i>The Forme of Cury</i>, p. 41, No. +76.</p> + +<p>Sale, <a href="#curt_line_44">178/44</a>, hall.</p> + +<p>Salens, <a href="#keruyng_tag_salens">166/8</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_note_salens">p. 174</a>, a fish.</p> + +<p>Salere, <a href="#bab_line_156">256/159</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +saller, <a href="#curt_line_668">200/670</a>; Fr. +<i>saliere</i>, a salt-cellar, a table or trencher salt. Cot.</p> + +<p>Salmon, <a href="#nurture_line_580">41/583</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_832">57/833</a>; +<a href="#fish_capLXXIX">p. 121</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/10</a>.</p> + +<p>Salmon bellows, <a href="#nurture_line_176">50/179</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +salted, <a href="#nurture_line_552">38/555</a>.</p> + +<p>Salmon’s belly, <a href="#nurture_line_820">55/823</a>.</p> + +<p>Salpa, a fish, <a href="#fish_capLXXIXa">p. +121</a>.</p> + +<p>Salt to be white, <a href="#nurture_line_56">4/57</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +put some on your trencher, <a href="#bab_line_160">256/161</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +take it with your knife, <a href="#stans1_line_64">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_64">280/65</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_440">232/440</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t dip meat into it, <a href="#lyt_line_28">267/29</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Saltcellar.</p> + +<p>Salt as sauce, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. +161-2</a>.</p> + +<p>Salt and wine, fresh-herring sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_644">45/645</a>.</p> + +<p>Salt fish and salmon, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">166/30</a>.</p> + +<p>Salt-fish, how to serve up, <a href="#nurture_line_552">p. 38-9</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">332</span> +<a name="page332" id="page332"> </a> +<!-- png 456 --> + +<p>Saltcellar, <a href="#nurture_line_196">14/199</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_cloth">155/1, 3</a>.</p> + +<p>Saltcellar, dip no food into it, <a href="#bab_line_156">256/159</a>; +<a href="#lyt_line_28">267/29</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_128">181/129</a>.</p> + +<p>Salt-sellere, <a href="#nurture_line_60">4/60</a>, +salt-cellar.</p> + +<p>Salute thy school-master and -fellows, <a href="#vert_line_148">227/150-4</a>.</p> + +<p>Samoun bellows, <a href="#nurture_line_716">50/719</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Sanguineus</i> or Spring, <a href="#nurture_line_728">51/729</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_788">p. 104</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_768">53/769, 787</a>.</p> + +<p>Sans, <a href="#nurture_line_920">63/922</a>, sense, +smell.</p> + +<p>Saphire, <a href="#harington_business">141/7</a>.</p> + +<p>Sarcell (Fr. <i>cercelle</i>, (the water-fowle called) a Teale, +Cot.), how to breke or carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_teal">p. 163</a>.</p> + +<p>Sargeaunt of law, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1024">71/1026</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1064">73/1067</a>.</p> + +<p>Satchell for school-books, <a href="#vert_line_108">226/110</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_160">227/160</a>.</p> + +<p>Satin, a lord’s cloak of, <a href="#nurture_line_912">62/914</a>.</p> + +<p>Sauce, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Sauces for flesh, <a href="#nurture_sauce">p. +35-7</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +for fish, <a href="#nurture_sauce_fish">p. 56-9</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/4</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +for fowles, <a href="#keruyng_sauce_fowl">p. 159</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +for the second course of a dinner, <a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">p. 163</a>.</p> + +<p>Sauerly, <a href="#nurture_line_412">26/415</a>, as if +he liked it.</p> + +<p>Sawcere, <a href="#nurture_line_492">32/495</a>.</p> + +<p>Sawge, <a href="#nurture_line_500">33/501</a>, ? +sage.</p> + +<p>Say, fruyter, <a href="#keruyng_tag_fruytersay">159/24</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_note_fruytersay">p. 173</a>.</p> + +<p>Sayed, <a href="#curt_line_492">193/495, 498</a>, +tried, tasted against poison.</p> + +<p>Sayes, <a href="#curt_line_764">202/764</a>, assays, +tastes.</p> + +<p>Sayntis, <a href="#curt_line_200">183/201</a>, saints’ +shrines.</p> + +<p>Scabiose, <a href="#nurture_line_992">69/994</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_987">p. 109</a>.</p> + +<p>Scandal, don’t talk, <a href="#young_line_96">272/99</a>.</p> + +<p>Scarlet, <a href="#nurture_line_912">62/914</a>, +scarlet stuff or cloth.</p> + +<p>Schone, <a href="#curt_line_588">196/590</a>, +shall.</p> + +<p>Schyn, shall, <a href="#curt_line_604">197/607</a>.</p> + +<p>School, boy going to, how to behave, <a href="#vert_chap_ii">227</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +what to learn at, <a href="#curtasye_second">p. 181</a>, +The Second Book.</p> + +<p>School, go to, after dinner, <a href="#dem_line_16">209/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Schrubbynge, <a href="#nurture_line_300">20/300</a>, +rub, scrub.</p> + +<p>Schyuer, <a href="#curt_line_692">200/692</a>, slice; +“schyvyr, <i>fissula</i>, <i>abscindula</i>.” Prompt.</p> + +<p>Scilla, a sea-monster, <a href="#fish_capLXXII">p. +121</a>.</p> + +<p>Scissors for candle-snuff, <a href="#curt_line_828">205/829</a>.</p> + +<p>Scorn no one, <a href="#bab_line_100">253/100</a>; +<a href="#urban_line_64">264/65</a>.</p> + +<p>Scorn not the poor, <a href="#young_line_56">268/57</a>.</p> + +<p>Scoring on a rod the messes for dinner, <a href="#curt_line_404">190/407</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +done to check the cook, <a href="#curt_line_412">190/415</a>.</p> + +<p>Scorning to be avoided, <a href="#nurture_line_288">19/291</a>.</p> + +<p>Scorpion of the sea, <a href="#fish_capLXXXVI">p. +122</a>.</p> + +<p>Scratch yourself before your lord, don’t, <a href="#stans2_line_12">276/14</a>.</p> + +<p>Screen in hall, <a href="#curt_line_28">178/28</a>.</p> + +<p>Screens against heat to be provided, <a href="#curt_line_460">192/462</a>.</p> + +<p>Sea-bull (<i>focas</i>), <a href="#fish_capXXXVIII">p. +118</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Seager’s Schoole of Vertue</i>, <a href="#vertue">p. +221-43</a>; Pref. to Russell, <a href="#pagelxxviii">p. lxxviii</a>.</p> + +<p>Seal, <a href="#nurture_line_820">55/823</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/13</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_crab">167/35</a>.</p> + +<p>Seal? (ȝele), <a href="#nurture_line_548">38/548</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_580">39/583</a>.</p> + +<p>Sea-mouse, <a href="#fish_capLVII">p. 119</a>.</p> + +<p>Sea-snails, <a href="#fish_capXXIII">p. 116</a>.</p> + +<p>Seaward, <a href="#nurture_line_640">45/642</a>, just +from the sea.</p> + +<p>Seche, <a href="#nurture_line_312">21/315</a>, carve +certain birds?</p> + +<p>Secrets, don’t tell ’em to a shrew, <a href="#curt_line_244">184/245</a>.</p> + +<p>Seeke, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/116</a>, sick, +(wine) out of condition.</p> + +<p>Seew, <a href="#stans2_line_56">280/57</a>, ? a stew; +sew, <i>cepulatum</i>. Prompt.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Sewes.</p> + +<p>Sege, <a href="#nurture_line_952">65/954</a>, +evacuating oneself; <a href="#nurture_note_244">p. 63, +note <sup>2</sup></a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">333</span> +<a name="page333" id="page333"> </a> +<!-- png 457 --> + +<p>Seluage, <a href="#curtasye_wash">199/657, 661</a>, +edge of a table-cloth.</p> + +<p>Semblaunt, <a href="#curt_line_192">183/192</a>, +seeming, countenance.</p> + +<p>Semble, <a href="#nurture_line_1140">76/1140</a>, +putting together.</p> + +<p>Semethe, <a href="#nurture_line_620">43/621</a>, seems +good to, it pleases.</p> + +<p>Sen, <a href="#babees">250/3</a>, since.</p> + +<p>Sendell, <a href="#nurture_line_912">62/914</a>, a fine +silk stuff; Fr. <i>cendal</i>. H. Coleridge.</p> + +<p><i>Seneschallus</i>, <a href="#curtasye_steward">194/520-1</a>, the steward.</p> + +<p>Sentory, <a href="#nurture_line_992">68/992</a>, +centaury.</p> + +<p>Seneca’s advice, <a href="#vert_line_884">238/887</a>.</p> + +<p>Sere, <a href="#bab_line_164">256/164</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_260">185/262</a>, several, +different.</p> + +<p>Serjeant of arms, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1032">71/1034</a>.</p> + +<p>Serra, a fish, <a href="#fish_capLXXII">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘71’">121</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Seruice, 278, <a href="#stans1_line_24">277/26</a>, +food served to a person, allowance.</p> + +<p>Servants, duties of, <a href="#gross_i">p. 215</a>; +<a href="#vert_duty_7">241/7</a>.</p> + +<p>Servants to sit at meals together, not here 4 and there 3, <a href="#gross_ix">p. 216, No. ix</a>.</p> + +<p>Server with the dishes, follows the steward, <a href="#curt_line_532">194/532</a>.</p> + +<p>Service to be fairly to all, <a href="#gross_xiii">p. +217, No. xiii</a>.</p> + +<p>Serving at table, how to behave when, <a href="#vert_chap_iii">229-31</a>.</p> + +<p>Servitors to carry dishes to the dinner-table, <a href="#nurture_line_680">49/682-3</a>.</p> + +<p>Set not an hawe, <a href="#nurture_line_96">8/99</a>, +value not a haw.</p> + +<p>Sewe, <a href="#recipes_hares">p. 146</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">164/31</a>, ? stew.</p> + +<p>Sewe, <a href="#nurture_line_816">55/819</a>, +course.</p> + +<p>Sewere, <a href="#nurture_line_652">45/654, 657</a>, +the arranger of dishes on a table. Du. +<i>een opperste Tafel-dienaer</i>, A Master-suer, or a Stuard that sets +the courses or messes of meate on the table. Hexham.</p> + +<p>Sewer, his duties, <a href="#nurture_sewer">p. +46-7</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_table">p. 156-7</a>.</p> + +<p>Sewes (service, courses), on fish-dayes, <a href="#nurture_sewes_fish">p. 55</a>.</p> + +<p>Sewes, <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">154/17</a>, stews or +dishes of food?</p> + +<p>Sewes, <a href="#nurture_line_508">33/509</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_520">35/523</a>, soups or +stews.</p> + +<p>Sewynge, borde or table of, <a href="#keruyng_sew_table">156/26</a>, serving-up.</p> + +<p>Sewynge of flesshe, <a href="#keruyng_sew_table">p. +156</a>.</p> + +<p>Sewynge, in, <a href="#nurture_line_732">51/734</a>, +serving, course; ? not <i>inseuynge</i>, ensuing.</p> + +<p>Shall, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/14</a>, <i>for</i> +shake.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Pref. <a href="#pagelxxxix">p. lxxxix. +l. 5</a>.</p> + +<p>Shame the reward of lying, <a href="#vert_line_960">240/960</a>.</p> + +<p>Share with your fellows, <a href="#young_line_92">270/95</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_44">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_44">278/47</a>.</p> + +<p>Share fairly a joint gift, <a href="#curt_line_196">183/197</a>.</p> + +<p>Sheets to be clean, <a href="#nurture_line_920">63/922</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be sweet and clean, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/14</a>.</p> + +<p>Shene, <a href="#curt_line_620">198/622</a>, fair, +beautiful.</p> + +<p>Shewethe, <a href="#nurture_line_656">45/657</a>, +arranges courses and dishes.</p> + +<p>Shirt, a clean, <a href="#nurture_line_868">60/871</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_chamber">168/22</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be warmed, <a href="#keruyng_chamber">l. 25</a>.</p> + +<p>Shirt-collar, <a href="#vert_line_84">226/85</a>.</p> + +<p>Shoes to be clean, <a href="#vert_line_92">226/92</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +servants not to wear old ones, <a href="#gross_vii">p. +216, No. vii</a>.</p> + +<p>Shoeing horses, ½ a day for, <a href="#curt_line_616">197/616</a>.</p> + +<p>Shoñ, shoes, <a href="#nurture_line_872">60/874</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_960">65/961</a>.</p> + +<p>Shore, a-; Shaylyng with the knees togyther, and the fete a sonder, +<i>a eschais</i>. Palsgrave, p. 841, +<span class="pagenum">334</span> +<a name="page334" id="page334"> </a> +<!-- png 458 --> +col. 2. <i>Fauquet</i>, A shaling wry-legd fellow. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Short word, the first, is generally true, <a href="#curt_line_208">183/211</a>.</p> + +<p>Shovelar, Shoveller, <a href="#nurture_line_432">28/433</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_540">37/541</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_542a">p. 98</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/6</a>, the bird.</p> + +<p>Show out thy visage, <a href="#stans1_line_72">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_72">280/75</a>.</p> + +<p>Shrimps, how to serve up, <a href="#nurture_line_644">45/646-9</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_748">52/748</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_824">56/824</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_848">58/850</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_crab">167/32</a>.</p> + +<p>Shrukkynge, <a href="#nurture_line_284">19/287</a>, +shrugging. Schruggyn, <i>frigulo</i>. Prompt.</p> + +<p>Shyn, shall, <a href="#curt_line_432">191/435</a>.</p> + +<p>Sicurly, <a href="#nurture_line_1080">73/1080</a>, +surely, certainly.</p> + +<p>Side, <a href="#nurture_line_248">16/248</a>, +breadth.</p> + +<p>Sigh not before your lord, <a href="#nurture_line_296">19/297</a>.</p> + +<p>Signet, <a href="#nurture_line_532">36/535</a>, cygnet, +swanling.</p> + +<p>Skyft, <a href="#curt_line_196">183/198</a>. A.S. +<i>scyft</i>, division; <i>scyftan</i>, to divide.</p> + +<p>Skyfted of, <a href="#curt_line_400">189/402</a>, +shifted off.</p> + +<p>Silence fittest for a child at table, <a href="#vert_line_488">232/489</a>.</p> + +<p>Silent, be, <a href="#dem_line_8">209/8</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +while your lord drinks, <a href="#bab_line_92">253/92</a>.</p> + +<p>Silk to be worn in summer, <a href="#vaughan_4">p. +133</a>.</p> + +<p>Silk garments, <a href="#harington_summer">p. +139</a>.</p> + +<p>Silver, the dishes of, <a href="#curt_line_756">202/757</a>.</p> + +<p>Silver given away by the almoner as he rides, <a href="#curt_line_740">202/743</a>.</p> + +<p>Sinews indigestible, <a href="#nurture_line_360">24/362</a>.</p> + +<p>Siren or Mermaid, ‘a dedely beste,’ <a href="#fish_capLXXXIII">p. 121-2</a>.</p> + +<p>Sirippe, <a href="#nurture_line_732">51/733</a>, +syrup.</p> + +<p>Sireppis, <a href="#nurture_line_508">33/509</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_524">35/524</a>, syrops, t.i. stews +or gravies.</p> + +<p>Siruppe, <a href="#nurture_line_396">25/397</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_400">26/400</a>; sauce for +partridges, &c.</p> + +<p>Sit, don’t, till bidden, <a href="#lyt_line_12">265/14</a>; +<a href="#young_line_88">270/89</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +sit properly, <a href="#dem_line_144">214/149</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +sit down when you’re told to, <a href="#bab_line_96">253/97</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +and where you’re told, <a href="#young_line_88">270/91</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_344">187/345</a>. <i><ins class="mycorr" title="text has mismatched open quote">Il</ins> se peut seoir +sans contredit qui se met là ou son hoste luy dit</i>: Prov. He needs +not feare to be chidden that sits where he is bidden; (the like is) +<i>Il se peut bien seoir a table quand le maistre luy commande</i>: +Prov. Well may he sit him downe whom he that may sets downe.</p> + +<p>Sixpence, the value of each mess at dinner, <a href="#curt_line_412">190/413</a>.</p> + +<p>Sixpence the receiver’s fee, <a href="#curt_line_596">197/598</a>.</p> + +<p>Skynnery, <a href="#nurture_line_944">64/946</a>, +skins, furs.</p> + +<p>Skins, indigestible, <a href="#nurture_line_364">24/367</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +of cloven-footed birds not wholesome, <a href="#keruyng_skin">165/28</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be cut off boiled flesh, <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/7</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be pared off salt fish, <a href="#nurture_line_552">38/553</a>.</p> + +<p>Skins the huntsman’s perquisite, <a href="#curt_line_636">198/636</a>.</p> + +<p>Skirt of a man’s dress, <a href="#curt_line_88">179/91</a>.</p> + +<p>Slake, appease; A.S. <i>slacian</i>, to slacken.</p> + +<p>Slake, <a href="#nurture_line_480">31/483-4</a>, +cut.</p> + +<p>Slander, don’t talk, <a href="#curt_line_100">180/101</a>.</p> + +<p>Sleep at mid-day not wholesome, <a href="#nurture_line_952">65/952</a>.</p> + +<p>Sleep, how much to be taken, <a href="#borde_nightcap">130/5</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +evils of too much, <a href="#vert_line_52">226/54</a>.</p> + +<p>Slegh, <a href="#curt_line_300">186/300</a>, cunning, +careful.</p> + +<p>Sling, <a href="#nurture_note_53">p. 19, note</a>; blow +your nose with and through your fingers. ‘Still in use in America.’ +G. P. Marsh.</p> + +<p>Slippers brown as the waterleech, <a href="#nurture_line_872">60/874</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_984">67/987</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_chamber">168/31</a>.</p> + +<p>Slutt, <a href="#nurture_line_588">42/590</a>, awkward +animal.</p> + +<p>Smack your lips, don’t, <a href="#vert_line_452">232/455</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">335</span> +<a name="page335" id="page335"> </a> +<!-- png 459 --> + +<p>Small pieces, eat, <a href="#lyt_line_36">267/37</a>.</p> + +<p>Smallache, <a href="#nurture_line_992">68/993</a>.</p> + +<p>Small birds, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_472">30/473</a>.</p> + +<p>Sneeze; turn your back to people when you sneeze, <a href="#dem_line_60">211/61</a>.</p> + +<p>Smaragd (an emerald) good against falling-sickness, <a href="#harington_business">p. 141</a>.</p> + +<p>Snetyng, <a href="#urban_line_16">p. 262, l. 19</a>, +snotting, wiping your nose with your fingers. ‘Mouchement: u. A +<i>snyting</i>, or wiping of the nose.’ Cot.</p> + +<p>Sniff not too loud, <a href="#nurture_line_284">18/284</a>.</p> + +<p>Snite not (blow with your fingers) your nose too loud, <a href="#nurture_line_284">18/284</a>. ‘Deux pour vn. The +<i>Snyte</i>-knave; tearmed so, because two of them are worth but one +good <i>Snyte</i>.’ Cotgrave. ‘To <i>Snite</i>. To wipe, or slap. +<i>Snite</i> his snitch; wipe his nose, i.e. give him a good knock.’ +1796. <i>Dict. of the Vulgar Tongue.</i></p> + +<p>Snyte or snipe, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_420">27/421</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_teal">p. 163</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_544">37/544</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_542a">98/2</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_704">49/706</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_706">p. 104</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Snuff of candles taken away with scissors, <a href="#curt_line_828">205/829</a>.</p> + +<p>Snuffers, <a href="#curt_line_828">205/830</a>.</p> + +<p>Snuffle, don’t, <a href="#dem_line_56">211/57</a>.</p> + +<p>Socks, <a href="#nurture_line_872">60/873</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_892">61/894</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_892">62/895</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_960">65/961</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_984">67/987</a>; +<a href="#borde_nightcap">130/12</a>.</p> + +<p>Socrates wiped his nose on his cap, a bad example, <a href="#dem_line_44">210/45</a>.</p> + +<p>Soil the cloth, don’t, <a href="#bab_line_144">255/147</a>.</p> + +<p>Solaris, a fish, <a href="#fish_capLXXXV">p. +122</a>.</p> + +<p>Soles, <a href="#nurture_line_576">40/578</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_724">50/724</a>; +<a href="#fish_capLXXXV">p. 122</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_840">58/841</a>.</p> + +<p>Soleyn, <a href="#nurture_line_708">50/709</a>, +solemn.</p> + +<p>Solopendria, a fish, <a href="#fish_capLXXXVI">p. +122</a>.</p> + +<p>Somet, <a href="#curt_line_540">194/540</a>, +summed.</p> + +<p>Somon, <a href="#nurture_line_732">51/733</a>, +salmon.</p> + +<p>Sops, <a href="#nurture_line_508">33/509</a>.</p> + +<p>Sore, <a href="#curt_line_40">178/42</a>, sorrow, +pain.</p> + +<p>Sorrel with goose, <a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">164/2</a>.</p> + +<p>Sotelte, <a href="#curt_line_756">202/758</a>, dodge, +way.</p> + +<p>Sotelte, a device after each course of a dinner, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/690</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_700">49/702</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_708">50/710</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_724">52/726, 738</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_748">52/750, 765</a>; +<a href="#nurture_sutiltee">p. 53-54</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/2</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Does Chaucer allude to these when speaking of the ‘excesse of divers +metis and drinkis, and namely of suche maner of bake metis and dische +metes brennyng of wilde fuyr, and <i>peynted and castelid with +papire</i>, and semblable wast, so that is abusion for to thinke.’ +<i>Persones Tale</i>, ed. Morris, iii. 299. ‘A soteltie with writing of +balads’ came at the end of the first course of Hen. VII.’s +marriage-feast in 1487. <i>Italian Relation</i>, p. 115. Rabett +sowker, in 2nd course, <i>ib.</i></p> + +<p>Souls in purgatory, pray for, <a href="#young_line_28">268/30</a>.</p> + +<p>Sowkers, <a href="#nurture_line_456">29/457</a>, +suckling.</p> + +<p>Sows fed with fish, <a href="#nurture_linenote_737">p. +104, note on l. 737</a>.</p> + +<p>Sowse, <a href="#nurture_line_360">23/360</a>, +pickled.</p> + +<p>Spain, tapetis or carpets of, <a href="#curt_line_456">192/457</a>.</p> + +<p>Sparling, names of a, <a href="#nurture_linenote_fish">p. 99</a>.</p> + +<p>Sparlynge, <a href="#nurture_line_832">59/833</a>, the +fish sperling. Fr. <i>esperlan</i>, a smelt, Cot. Spurlin, a smelt, Fr. +<i>esperlan.</i> Skinner, in Prompt.</p> + +<p>Sparrows, <a href="#nurture_line_436">28/437</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_540">37/543</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_704">49/706</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_706a">p. 104</a>.</p> + +<p>Speak well of all men, <a href="#young_line_100">272/100</a>.</p> + +<p>Speaker of the Parliament, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1052">72/1052</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">336</span> +<a name="page336" id="page336"> </a> +<!-- png 460 --> + +<p>Speche, <a href="#curt_line_844">205/845</a>, book or +division of a poem.</p> + +<p>Speech mars or makes a man, <a href="#urban_line_80">264/81-2</a>.</p> + +<p>Speke, <a href="#keruyng_sew_table">156/17</a>, speak +of.</p> + +<p>Spermyse chese, <a href="#nurture_linenote_74">p. 84-5, +note to l. 74</a>.</p> + +<p>Spiced cakes, <a href="#nurture_line_816">55/816</a>.</p> + +<p>Spicery, <a href="#nurture_line_168">12/171</a>, +spices; <a href="#nurture_linenote_122">p. 91</a>.</p> + +<p>Spicery and store; Clerk of the Kitchen keeps the, <a href="#curt_line_556">195/559</a>.</p> + +<p>Spicery, the officer of the, <a href="#nurture_line_664">46/666</a>.</p> + +<p>Spices, <a href="#nurture_line_812">55/813</a>.</p> + +<p>Spill the gravy on your parents’ clothes, don’t, <a href="#vert_line_340">230/342</a>.</p> + +<p>Spill your food, don’t, <a href="#lyt_line_56">269/59</a>.</p> + +<p>Spit not, <a href="#nurture_line_268">18/271</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +modestly, <a href="#dem_line_100">212/101</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not over much at meals, <a href="#vert_line_496">232/498</a>.</p> + +<p>Spit on or over the table, don’t, <a href="#lyt_line_40">267/43</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_84">179/85</a>; <ins class="mycorr" +title="citation unidentified">167/43</ins>.</p> + +<p>Spit in the washing basin, don’t, <a href="#lyt_line_84">271/87</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +or loosely about, <a href="#curt_line_132">181/134</a>.</p> + +<p>Spit, when you do, cover your mouth with your hand, <a href="#young_line_116">272/117</a>.</p> + +<p>Spit and snite, don’t, <a href="#urban_line_16">262/19</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +when you do, tread it out, <a href="#dem_line_104">212/107</a>.</p> + +<p>Splat, <a href="#nurture_line_576">40/576</a>, split +open.</p> + +<p>Splatte, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, +carve.</p> + +<p>Splaye, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Splayd, <a href="#nurture_line_184">13/186</a>, set +out; <a href="#nurture_line_928">63/928</a>, displayed, +decked.</p> + +<p>Sponges for bathing, <a href="#nurture_line_976">66/978</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_976">67/979-84</a>.</p> + +<p>Spony stele, <a href="#curt_line_676">200/677</a>, the +spoon handle.</p> + +<p>Spoon, don’t leave yours in the dish, <a href="#bab_line_144">255/145</a>.</p> + +<p>Spoon, not to be filled full, <a href="#stans1_line_56">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_56">280/59</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not to be put in the dish, <a href="#young_line_124">272/125</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not to stand in the dish, <a href="#curt_line_68">179/71</a>.</p> + +<p>Spoon; wipe it clean, <a href="#stans1_line_32">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_32">278/35</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +take it out of the dish when you’ve finished, <a href="#lyt_line_40">267/42</a>.</p> + +<p>Spowt not with your mouth, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/293</a>.</p> + +<p>Spoyle, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Spring, the device of, <a href="#nurture_line_768">53/771</a>.</p> + +<p>Sprottes, <a href="#keruyng_crab">167/33</a>, +sprats.</p> + +<p>Spycery, <a href="#keruyng_sew_table">156/25</a>.</p> + +<p>Spyrre, <a href="#bab_line_36">p. 251, l. 37</a>; A.S. +<i>spyrian</i>, to track, seek, inquire, investigate, Sc. <i>speir</i>. +O.N. <i>spiria.</i></p> + +<p>Spyrryng, <a href="#bab_line_36">p. 251, l. 39</a>, +seeking, inquiring.</p> + +<p>Squatinus, a fish, <a href="#fish_note_1">p. +123</a>.</p> + +<p>Squire’s table, who may sit at, <a href="#nurture_line_1040">66/1040</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_marshal"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘169’">171</ins>/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Squirt not with your mouth, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/293</a>.</p> + +<p>Squyer, his wages paid by the treasurer, <a href="#curt_line_584">196/586</a>.</p> + +<p>Stabulle, <a href="#curt_line_168">182/169</a>, +support.</p> + +<p>Stamell, <a href="#borde_apparel">132/5</a>, a kind of +fine worsted. Halliwell; Fr. <i>estamé</i>, worsted. Cot.</p> + +<p>Stammering is a foul crime, <a href="#vert_line_708">236/708</a>.</p> + +<p>Stand, if you do, be ware of falling, <a href="#curt_line_236">184/239</a>.</p> + +<p>Stand not still on stones, <a href="#borde_sun">p. +132</a>.</p> + +<p>Stand upright, <a href="#stans2_line_16">276/16</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Stans Puer ad Mensam</i>, two English texts, <a href="#stans_left">p. 275-82</a>.</p> + +<p>Standard, <a href="#nurture_line_692">49/694</a>, ? the +chief dish at a dinner, served standing, <a href="#keruyng_service">157/3</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘A large or standing dish,’ says Pegge, on Sir J. Nevile’s ’a Roe +roasted for +<span class="pagenum">337</span> +<a name="page337" id="page337"> </a> +<!-- png 461 --> +Standert,’ <i>Forme of Cury</i>, p. 173, ‘for a Standert, Cranes 2 +of a dish,’ p. 174, l. 3.</p> + +<p>Standarde, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/12</a>, ? +chief dish of fish.</p> + +<p>Stapulle, <a href="#nurture_line_1064">72/1064</a>, +Calais.</p> + +<p>Stare about, don’t, <a href="#bab_line_68">252/68</a>; +<a href="#lerne_line_16">259/18</a>; +<a href="#abc_q">p. 261</a>, l. S; <a href="#demeanor">209/3</a>.</p> + +<p>State, <a href="#nurture_line_252">17/252</a>, a grand +curl-up or arrangement of a cloth or towel.</p> + +<p>State, <a href="#nurture_line_252">17/253</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_253">p. <ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘83’">93</ins></a>, master of the house.</p> + +<p>States, <a href="#nurture_line_820">55/821</a>, nobles? +‘<i>de twaelf Genooten ofte Staten van Vranckrijck</i>, The twelve +Peeres or <i>States</i> of the Kingdome of France.’ 1660. Hexham.</p> + +<p>Staunche, <a href="#nurture_line_172">12/174</a>; Fr. +<i>estancher</i>, to stanch or stop the flow of liquid. Sp. +<i>estancar</i>, to stop a leak; <i>estanco</i>, water-tight. A +<i>stanch</i> vessel is one that will hold the water in or out, whence +fig. <i>stanch</i>, firm, reliable. Wedgwood.</p> + +<p>Staunche, <a href="#curt_line_272">185/273</a>, stop, +stay.</p> + +<p>Stealing dishes, to be watched against, <a href="#nurture_line_680">47/680</a>.</p> + +<p>Sted, <a href="#nurture_line_612">43/614</a>, treated, +served.</p> + +<p>Steward, his duties, <a href="#curt_line_520">194/521</a> (many are false, l. 522); he +sits on the dais in hall, <a href="#curt_line_20">177/20</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +carries a staff, <a href="#curt_line_352">187/354</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_356">188/358</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +is to keep good order in hall, <a href="#gross_xiii">p. +217, No. xiii</a>.</p> + +<p>Stewe or bath, <a href="#nurture_bath">p. 66</a>.</p> + +<p>Stewed beef or mutton, <a href="#nurture_line_796">54/798</a>.</p> + +<p>Stewed pheasant, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/688</a>.</p> + +<p>Stinking breath not to be cast on your lord, <a href="#nurture_line_300">20/302</a>.</p> + +<p>Stirring, don’t be too, <a href="#lerne_line_16">259/18</a>; +<a href="#abc_q">p. 261</a>, l. S.</p> + +<p>Stockdove, <a href="#nurture_line_396">25/397</a>.</p> + +<p>Stockfish, <a href="#nurture_line_556">39/558</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_558">p. 98</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_844">58/845</a>; +<a href="#fish_capLXXIXa">p. 121</a>. ‘The Icelandic fare +is not more inviting than the houses. Stockfish and butter eaten in +alternate mouthfuls form the ordinary materials of a meal. The former, +however, has to be pummelled on a stone anvil with a sledge hammer +before even the natives can bite it; and, after it has undergone this +preparation, seems, according to Mr Shepherd, to require teeth to the +manner born. The latter is made from sheep’s milk, and as it is kept +through the winter in skins, becomes “rancid beyond conception in the +early spring.”’—<i>Chronicle</i>, Aug. 10, 1867, on <i>Shepherd’s +North-West Peninsula of Iceland.</i></p> + +<p>Stocks, the porter keeps the, <a href="#curt_line_360">188/362</a>.</p> + +<p>Stomach the body’s kitchen, <a href="#vaughan_10">136/14-15</a>.</p> + +<p>Stomacher, <a href="#nurture_line_892">61/893</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_chamber">168/30</a>.</p> + +<p>Stop strife between brothers, <a href="#curt_line_268">185/271</a>.</p> + +<p>Stork; it snuffles, don’t you, <a href="#dem_line_56">211/59</a>.</p> + +<p>Stork, <a href="#nurture_line_432">28/433</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_692">49/695</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/4</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Pigmies.</p> + +<p>Storuyn, <a href="#curt_line_764"><ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘212’">203</ins>/766</a>, spoilt by cold.</p> + +<p>Stounde, <a href="#nurture_line_964">66/965</a>, +moment.</p> + +<p>Straddle, don’t, <a href="#dem_line_148">214/151</a>.</p> + +<p>Strangers, honour them, <a href="#keruyng_marshal">171/28</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +always admit, <a href="#gross_xv">p. 217, No. xv</a>.; +share good food with them, <a href="#bab_line_168">256/169</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +the porter warns them, <a href="#curt_line_368">188/368</a>.</p> + +<p>Strangers, visitors and residents, <a href="#nurture_line_1108">75/1109-10</a>.</p> + +<p>Strawberies, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/78</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_80">7/82</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_81">p. 85, note to l. 81</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_fruit">152/24</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">338</span> +<a name="page338" id="page338"> </a> +<!-- png 462 --> + +<p>Straynoure, <a href="#recipes_hares">p. 146/14</a>, +strainer.</p> + +<p>Streets, how boys are to walk in, <a href="#vert_line_132">227/134</a>.</p> + +<p>Stretch your limbs, pp. <a href="#borde_nightcap">130</a>, +<a href="#vaughan_1">133</a>, +<a href="#harington_arise">138</a>.</p> + +<p>Strife not to be allowed in a household, <a href="#gross_v">p. 216, No. v</a>.</p> + +<p>Strive not with your lord, <a href="#curt_line_224">183/226</a>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Master.</p> + +<p>Strongere, <a href="#curt_line_800">204/801</a>, +stranger, guest.</p> + +<p>Strye, <a href="#curt_line_220">183/223</a>, +destroy.</p> + +<p>Stryke, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/280</a>, stroke. +‘I stryke ones heed, as we do a chyldes whan he dothe well. <i>Je +applanie</i> ... My father sayeth I am a good sonne, he dyd stryke my +heed by cause I had conned my lesson without the booke.’ Palsgrave. See +also ‘I stryke softely’ and ‘I stroke ones heed,’ p. 741, ed. +1852.</p> + +<p>Strynge, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, +carve.</p> + +<p>Stuff, <a href="#nurture_line_592">42/592, 594</a>, +crab’s flesh; <a href="#keruyng_crab">167/16</a>, a crab’s +inside.</p> + +<p>Stuff, <a href="#nurture_line_484">31/485</a>, +gravy?</p> + +<p>Stuff your jaws, don’t, <a href="#stans1_line_28">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_28">278/31</a>.</p> + +<p>Sturgeon, <a href="#nurture_line_580">41/583</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_744">52/746</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_848">58/850</a>; +<a href="#fish_capLXXXIX">p. 122</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/16</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +salt, <a href="#nurture_line_836">57/836</a>.</p> + +<p>Stut, <a href="#vert_line_704">236/706</a>, to stutter, +is a foul crime.</p> + +<p>Subjects, their duty, <a href="#vert_duty_15">242/15</a>.</p> + +<p>Suffrigan, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1013</a>; +Fr. <i>suffragant</i>, A Suffragan, a Bishops deputie. Cot.</p> + +<p>Sugar and mustard, the sauce for partridges, &c., <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/538</a>.</p> + +<p>Sugar and salt as a sauce, with Curlews, &c., <a href="#nurture_line_540">36/540</a>.</p> + +<p>Sugar, strewed on baked herrings, <a href="#nurture_line_720">50/722</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_548">38/550</a>.</p> + +<p>Sugar candy (sugre candy, <a href="#nurture_line_136">10/139</a>); +<a href="#nurture_line_756">52/757</a>; +<a href="#vaughan_7">135/11</a>; +<a href="#harington_business">p. 141</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/18</a>.</p> + +<p>Summedelasse, <a href="#curt_line_808">204/808</a>, +some deal less.</p> + +<p>Summer, the device of, <a href="#nurture_line_736">51/739-43</a>.</p> + +<p>Sun, face and neck to be kept from, <a href="#borde_sun">132/8</a>.</p> + +<p>Sup not your food up lowdly, <a href="#young_line_124">272/127</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_40">277/40</a>; +<a href="#stans2_line_36">278/37</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_68">179/69</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Supervisor</i>, <a href="#curtasye_surveyor">195/544-5</a>, surveyor.</p> + +<p>Suppers to be light, <a href="#borde_mass">p. +131</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be larger than dinners, <a href="#harington_mealtime">p. 142</a>. See the one in Sir +Isumbras, <i>Thornton Romances</i>, 235, &c.</p> + +<p>Surnape, how to lay, <a href="#nurture_surnape">p. +16-17</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_237">p. 92-3</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_surnape">155/26</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +it was the upper towel or cloth for the master of the house to wipe his +hands on after washing them when dinner was done. The sewer to bring it +after dinner, <a href="#curt_line_808">204/809-20</a>.</p> + +<p>Surueynge borde, <a href="#nurture_line_672">47/675</a>, table or dresser on which +the cook is to put the dishes for dinner.</p> + +<p>Surveyor of the dishes for dinner, <a href="#nurture_line_672">46/672</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_672">47/674, 676</a>.</p> + +<p>Surveyor, his duties, <a href="#curt_line_544">195/545</a>.</p> + +<p>Suwe, <a href="#urban_line_80">264/83</a>; O.Fr. +<i>seure</i>, <i>sevre</i>, Fr. <i>suivre</i>, L. <i>sequor</i>, +follow.</p> + +<p>Swallow, <a href="#nurture_line_436">28/438</a> (the +bird).</p> + +<p>Swan, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/688</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_535">p. <ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘91’">97</ins></a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_400">26/402</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to lyfte or carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fowl">p. +161</a>.</p> + +<p>Swan; its sauce is chaudon, <a href="#nurture_line_532">56/535</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_535">p. 97</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +its skin is to be cut off, <a href="#keruyng_skin">165/15</a>.</p> + +<p>Swashbucklers, hanging good for, <a href="#weed_hempe">p. 125</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">339</span> +<a name="page339" id="page339"> </a> +<!-- png 463 --> +<p>Swear not, <a href="#young_line_72">270/75</a>.</p> + +<p>Swear no oaths, <a href="#stans1_line_44">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_44">278/44</a>.</p> + +<p>Swearing, against, <a href="#vert_chap_xi">236, cap. +xi</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Ascham’s account and condemnation of it in 1545, +<i>Toxophilus</i>, p. 45, ed. Giles, and in his +<i>Schoolmaster</i>, p. 131, of the little child of four roundly +rapping out his ugly oaths.</p> + +<p>Sweet words, ware; the serpent was in ’em, <a href="#curt_line_204">183/207</a>.</p> + +<p>Swenge, <a href="#nurture_linenote_492">96/1</a>, beat +up.</p> + +<p>Swordfish, <a href="#nurture_line_580">41/582</a>; +<a href="#fish_capXL">p. 118</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +salt, <a href="#nurture_line_836">57/836</a>.</p> + +<p>Swyng, <a href="#recipes_fritters">p. 145</a>, beat, +whip, mix.</p> + +<p>Syce, <a href="#curt_line_468">192/469</a>, +candle-stick or holder;</p> +<p class="inset"> +but ‘Syse, waxe candell, <i>bougee</i>.’ Palsgrave in Halliwell.</p> + +<p>Syde, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Syles, <a href="#curt_line_692">200/695</a>, +strains.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Syles <i>is</i> strains. <span class="smallcaps">Sile</span>, +<i>v.</i>, to strain, to purify milk through a straining dish; Su.-Got. +<i>sila</i>, colare.—<span class="smallcaps">Sile</span>, +<i>s.</i>, a fine sieve or milk strainer; Su.-Got. <i>sil</i>, +colum. Brockett. See quotations in Halliwell’s Gloss., and Stratmann, +who gives Swed. <i>sîla</i>, colare.<a class="notation" href="#corr_339"> +Corrigenda.</a></p> + +<p>Sylour, <a href="#curt_line_444">191/445</a>, tester +and valances of a bed.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Hur bede was off aszure,</p> +<p>With testur and <i>celure</i>,</p> +<p>With a bryȝt bordure</p> +<p class="in1">Compasyd ful clene.</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +<i>Sir Degrevant</i>, l. 1473-6; 238.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +A tester ouer the beadde, <i>canopus</i>. Withals.</p> + +<p>Symple condicions (how to behave when serving at table, &c.), +<a href="#nurture_condicions">p. 18</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_277">p. <ins class="mycorr" +title="text reads ‘83’">93</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Synamome, <a href="#nurture_line_132">10/131, +136</a>.</p> + +<p>Syngeler, <a href="#nurture_line_1184">79/1184</a>, +single.</p> + +<p>Syngulerly, <a href="#nurture_line_1072">73/1074, +1079</a>, by itself.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterT" id="letterT" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Table for dinner, how the ewer and panter are to lay it, <a href="#curtasye_ewerer">p. 199-201</a>.</p> + +<p>Table, how to lay and serve the, pp. <a href="#nurture_cloth">13-18</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to wait at, <a href="#vert_chap_iii">229, cap. +iii</a>.</p> + +<p>Table, how to behave when sitting at, <a href="#vert_line_420">231/423</a>; +<a href="#bab_line_136">255/136</a>; +<a href="#urban_line_36">263/39</a>; +<a href="#lyt_line_12">265/15</a>; +<a href="#young_line_92">270/94</a>.</p> + +<p>Table-cloth, don’t dirty it with your knife, <a href="#curt_line_108">180/110</a>; +<a href="#young_line_116">272/119</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_36">277/39</a>; +<a href="#stans2_line_40">278/40</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +or wipe your teeth on it, <a href="#curt_line_112">180/115</a>.</p> + +<p>Table-knife, <a href="#nurture_line_332">22/334</a>, ? +a broad light knife for lifting bread-trenchers on to the table.</p> + +<p>Table-knives, <a href="#keruyng_butler">152/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Tacches, <a href="#nurture_line_304">20/306</a>, +faults, ill manners.</p> + +<p>Tacchis, <a href="#abc_h">p. 261</a>, l. K; <a href="#lerne_line_8">258/10</a>; tricks, ways;</p> +<p class="inset"> +tetch’e, or maner of condycyone, <i>mos</i>, <i>condicio</i>. +Prompt.</p> +<p class="inset"> +He that gentyl is, wylle drawe hym vnto gentil <i>tatches</i>, and to +folowe the custommes of noble gentylmen. Caxton’s Maleore, v. i. +p. 250, ed. 1817.</p> + +<p>Take leave of all the company after dinner, <a href="#lyt_line_88">271/91</a>-3.</p> + +<p>Take the best bit, don’t, <a href="#stans1_line_44">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_44">278/45</a>.</p> + +<p>Talwijs, <a href="#abc_q">p. 261</a>, l. T; <a href="#lerne_line_16">259/19</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +full of slander;</p> +<p class="inset"> +A.S <i>tál</i>, reproach, blame, slander, accusation, false witness, a +fable, tale, story. Bosworth (from whom all the A.S. words are +quoted).</p> +<p class="inset"> +Du. <i>taalvitter</i>, a censorious critick. Sewel.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘<i>Talu</i> has for its first signification <i>censure</i>; and +“<i>wise at censure</i>,” <i>censorious</i>, is an ancient Momus.’ +Cockayne.</p> + +<p>Talk at meals, don’t, <a href="#lyt_line_48">267/51</a>; +<a href="#young_line_100">272/101</a>.</p> + +<p>Talk loud, don’t, <a href="#stans1_line_28">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_28">278/30</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">340</span> +<a name="page340" id="page340"> </a> +<!-- png 464 --> +<p>Talk too much, don’t, <a href="#lyt_line_56">269/58</a>; +<a href="#counsel">219/6</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_72">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_72">280/74</a>.</p> + +<p>Talking to any man, how to behave when, <a href="#vert_chap_vii">235, cap. vii.</a>; +<a href="#bab_line_64">252/64</a>; +<a href="#young_line_64">270/65</a>; +<a href="#stans1_line_16">275</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_16">276/16</a>.</p> + +<p>Tamed, <a href="#nurture_line_344">23/345</a>, trimmed, +or ? cut down.</p> + +<p>Tampyne, <a href="#nurture_line_68">5/68</a>, a +stopper.</p> + +<p>Tansey, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/26</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +is good hot, <a href="#nurture_line_500">33/503</a>.</p> + +<p>Tansy cake, <a href="#nurture_linenote_503">p. +96</a>.</p> + +<p>Tansye fryed, <a href="#keruyng_tag_flawn">161/10</a>.</p> + +<p>Tansey gyse, a, <a href="#nurture_line_748">52/749</a>, +a dish of tansey of some kind.</p> + +<p>Tantablin, <a href="#nurture_linenote_492">96/14</a>, a +kind of tart.</p> + +<p>Tapet, <a href="#curt_line_484">193/484</a>, cloth.</p> + +<p>Tapetis, <a href="#curt_line_456">192/457, 460</a>, +cloths, carpets, or hangings.</p> + +<p>Tarrer, p. 5, <a href="#nurture_line_64">l. 65</a>, +<a href="#nurture_line_68">l. 71</a>, an auger.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Tarere</i> por percier. <i>De L’Oustillement au Villain.</i> ed. +1833, p. 10.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Tarré</i> ... Hauing an ouerture or hole.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>Taré</i>, worme-eaten, or full of holes. Cot.</p> + +<p>Tarryours, <a href="#keruyng_butler">152/14</a>, +augers.</p> + +<p>Tartlett, <a href="#nurture_line_520">35/521</a>.</p> + +<p>Tarts, <a href="#keruyng_feast_easter">161/4</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">164/29</a>.</p> + +<p>Tast, <a href="#nurture_line_920">63/922</a>, test, +try.</p> + +<p>Taste every dish, <a href="#bab_line_164">256/165</a>.</p> + +<p>Tastynge, <a href="#nurture_line_1192">80/1195-9</a> +(tasting or testing food, to see that there’s no poison in it), is only +done for a king, &c., down to an earl, <a href="#curt_line_492">193/495-6</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Credence.</p> + +<p>Tattle, don’t, <a href="#urban_line_76">264/78</a>.</p> + +<p>Tayme, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, cut up.</p> + +<p>Teal, <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">p. 164</a>, last +line;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_400">26/401</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_401">p. 95</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_teal">p. 163</a>.</p> + +<p>Teal pie, <a href="#nurture_line_480">31/481</a>.</p> + +<p>Teeth, to be washed, <a href="#vert_line_100">226/100</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be kept white, <a href="#dem_line_120">213/121</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to keep clean, <a href="#vaughan_6">p. 134</a>.</p> + +<p>Teeth not to be picked at meals, <a href="#bab_line_148">255/150</a>; +<a href="#urban_line_52">263/54</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_300">20/301</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_492">232/495</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not to be picked with a knife, <a href="#stans1_line_40">277</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_40">278/42</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +or a stick at meals, <a href="#curt_line_92">180/93</a>.</p> + +<p>Temper, <a href="#nurture_line_592">42/595</a>, season, +sauce;</p> +<p class="inset"> +44/636, mix.</p> + +<p>Temper thy tongue and belly, <a href="#vert_line_476">232/476</a>.</p> + +<p>Temperance is best, <a href="#abc_q">p. 261</a>, l. T; +<a href="#lerne_line_16">259/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Temporaunce, <a href="#borde_nightcap">130/4</a>, +moderate temperature.</p> + +<p>Tenants, to be asked after, <a href="#gross_xvi">p. +218, No. xvi</a>.</p> + +<p>Tench, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_584">41/586</a>; +<a href="#fish_capXCII">p. 122</a>.</p> + +<p>Tenche in gelly, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/14</a>.</p> + +<p>Tene, <a href="#nurture_line_316">21/319</a>, +trouble.</p> + +<p>Tene, <a href="#nurture_line_932">64/934</a>, vex, +trouble.</p> + +<p>Tent, heed, attention.</p> + +<p>Tent, <a href="#curt_line_428">190/430</a>, attend to, +take charge of.</p> + +<p>Tepet, <a href="#curt_line_92">179/92</a>, a man’s +tippet.</p> + +<p>Testudo, <a href="#fish_capXCV">p. 123</a>, the +tortoise or turtle.</p> + +<p>Þan, <a href="#nurture_line_784">53/785</a>, that, +which.</p> + +<p>Thank him who gives you food, <a href="#lyt_line_92">271/92</a>.</p> + +<p>Þaughe, <a href="#nurture_line_760">52/761</a>, +though.</p> + +<p>The, <a href="#urban_line_32">263/32</a>, thrive.</p> + +<p>Þegre, <a href="#urban_line_64">264/66</a>, degree, +state.</p> + +<p>Theologicum, <a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_alpha">87/7</a>, the monks wine.</p> + +<p>Think before you speak, <a href="#bab_line_68">252/71</a>.</p> + +<p>Third man, never be, <a href="#curt_line_284">185/287</a>.</p> + +<p>Þo, <a href="#urban_line_4">262/5</a>, do, put.</p> + +<p>Thornback, <a href="#nurture_line_584">41/584</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_584">p. 99, two notes</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_844">58/844</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/10</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/11</a>.</p> + +<p>Thorpole, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/10</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Thurle-polle.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">341</span> +<a name="page341" id="page341"> </a> +<!-- png 465 --> + +<p>Three or four at a mess, <a href="#keruyng_marshal">171/13</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1056">72/1057</a>.</p> + +<p>Threpole, <a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/8</a>; ? +thurlepolle.</p> + +<p>Throat, don’t get food into your wrong one, or it will do for you, +<a href="#curt_line_96">180/99</a>.</p> + +<p>Thrushes, <a href="#nurture_line_436">28/438</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_540">37/543</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Thumb, don’t dip yours into your drink, <a href="#curt_line_124">181/127</a>.</p> + +<p>Thurle-polle, <a href="#nurture_line_584">41/584</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_584b">p. 99</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +salt, <a href="#nurture_line_836">57/837</a>.</p> + +<p>Thye, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Tiȝt, <a href="#nurture_line_1092">74/1095</a>, draws, +grows, from A.S. <i>teon</i>.</p> + +<p>Time (a) for all things, <a href="#vert_line_584">234/587</a>.</p> + +<p>Tintern, the abbot of, the poorest of all abbots, <a href="#nurture_line_1140">76/1142</a>.</p> + +<p>Tintinalus, a fish, <a href="#fish_capXCII">p. +122</a>.</p> + +<p>Toes, keep ’em still, <a href="#curt_line_320">186/320</a>.</p> + +<p>Tome, <a href="#curt_line_8">177/10</a>, +opportunity.</p> + +<p>Tongue; don’t let yours walk, <a href="#vert_line_472">232/472</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +don’t poke it out and in, <a href="#dem_line_96">212/97</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +charm it, <a href="#vert_line_284">229/284</a>.</p> + +<p>Tooth-picker (<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1602), <a href="#vaughan_11">p. 136</a>, +<a href="#harington_after">p. 142</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Sp. <i>escarvadientes</i>, a tooth-picker, a tooth-scraper. 1591, +Percivale, by Minsheu, 1623.</p> + +<p>Top crust for the lord, <a href="#nurture_line_340"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘139’">23</ins>/342</a>; p. 271.</p> + +<p>Torches, <a href="#curt_line_508">193/508</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_824">205/825</a>.</p> + +<p>Torn clothes to be mended, <a href="#vert_line_100">226/102</a>.</p> + +<p>Tornsole, <a href="#keruyng_ypocras">153/25</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_ypocras">154/1</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Pegge says ‘Not the flower Heliotrope, but a drug. Northumb. Book, p. 3, +19. I suppose it to be <i>Turmeric</i>. V. Brooke’s Nat. Hist. of +Vegetables, p. 9, where it is used both in victuals and for dying.’ +<i>Forme of Cury</i>, p. 38.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Turnsole.</p> + +<p>Torrentyne of Ebrew, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/119</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +p. 90, No. 11; a sweet wine.</p> + +<p>Torrentyne, <a href="#nurture_line_832">57/835</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_835">p. 107</a>; the trout.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>torrentin</i> is ‘Belonging to, or abiding in, torrents, or swift +and violent streames.’ Cot.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Turrentyne.</p> + +<p>Torrentille, <a href="#nurture_line_548">38/548</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_548">p. 98</a>, a fish. ? +what.</p> + +<p>Tortes, <a href="#curt_line_492">193/492</a>; +<a href="#curt_note_28">p. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘193’">192</ins>, note <sup>2</sup></a>, a kind of +light; <a href="#curt_line_508">193/510</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_824">205/825</a>; +<a href="#curt_note_54">204/note <sup>1</sup></a>.</p> + +<p>Totter, don’t, <a href="#dem_line_148">214/151</a>.</p> + +<p>Towel, don’t dirty it at dinner, <a href="#urban_line_52">263/52</a>.</p> + +<p>Towel, a narrow and a broad, to wash with after dinner, <a href="#curt_line_808">204/811</a>.</p> + +<p>Towel, 2 knights to hold before the lord’s sleeves, <a href="#curt_line_712">201/713</a>.</p> + +<p>Towse, <a href="#nurture_line_780">53/781</a>, ? +oakum.</p> + +<p>Trace, <a href="#nurture_line_664">46/664</a>, way;</p> +<p class="inset"> +234/630, track, path.</p> + +<p>Trample not with your feet, <a href="#nurture_line_296">20/299</a>.</p> + +<p>Transsene, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, cut +up.</p> + +<p>Traunche, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, cut +up.</p> + +<p>Tre, <a href="#curt_line_700">201/701</a>, wood.</p> + +<p>Treasurer, his duties, <a href="#curtasye_treasurer">196/573-94</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +he sits on the dais in hall, <a href="#curt_line_20">177/20</a>.</p> + +<p>Treatablie, <a href="#vert_line_320">230/323</a>, +distinctly.</p> + +<p>Trencher bread, <a href="#nurture_line_56">4/56</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_56">p. 84</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be 4 days old, <a href="#keruyng_butler">152/7</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘Item that the <i>Trenchor Brede</i> be maid of the Meale as it cummyth +frome the Milne.’ <i>Northumberland H. Book</i>, p. 58.</p> + +<p>Trenchere lovis, <a href="#nurture_line_196">14/197</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_56">p. 84</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_cloth">154/35</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh">p. 157</a>; loaves of +coarse unsifted meal;</p> +<p class="inset"> +the panter to bring in three, <a href="#curt_line_664">200/667</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">342</span> +<a name="page342" id="page342"> </a> +<!-- png 466 --> +<p>Trencher-knife, <a href="#nurture_note_69">p. 22, +note <sup>2</sup></a>; +<a href="#keruyng_butler">152/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Trencher, no filth to be on, <a href="#lyt_line_72">269/73</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +not to be loaded with scraps, <a href="#stans1_line_48">277/48</a>; +<a href="#stans2_line_48">278/48</a>.</p> + +<p>Trenchers, how to be laid on table, <a href="#nurture_line_332">p. 22</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +four to the lord, and one a-top, <a href="#curt_line_720">201/723</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +p. 160, and the collations of the first edition.</p> + +<p>Trestis, <a href="#curt_line_820">204/822</a>, +trestles.</p> + +<p>Trestuls, <a href="#curt_line_388">189/389</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +trestles, <a href="#curt_line_464">192/464</a>.</p> + +<p>Tretably, <a href="#vert_line_672">235/673</a>, ? Fr. +<i>traictable</i>, courteous, gracious, tractable, pliant, facile, +intreatable. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Trete, <a href="#nurture_line_612">43/612</a>, +trouble?</p> + +<p>Treteable, <a href="#stans1_line_76">279</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_76">280/78</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>traictable</i>.</p> + +<p>Trifelynge, <a href="#nurture_line_284">19/287</a>, ? +rocking, swaying about.</p> + +<p>Trinity, bless oneself with, <a href="#curt_line_148">181/149</a>.</p> + +<p>Trompe, the crane’s, <a href="#nurture_line_428">28/431-2</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/5</a>.</p> + +<p>Trout, <a href="#nurture_line_576">40/578</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_732">51/735</a>; +<a href="#fish_capXCIII">p. 123</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/9</a>.</p> + +<p>True, be, in word and deed, <a href="#young_line_40">268/41</a>.</p> + +<p>Trusse, <a href="#nurture_line_896">62/898</a>, +pull.</p> + +<p>Tunny, <a href="#nurture_linenote_533">p. 97, note on +l. 533</a>.</p> + +<p>Turbot, <a href="#nurture_line_580">41/583</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_732">51/735</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/10</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +fresh, <a href="#nurture_line_852">59/852</a>.</p> + +<p>Turnsole, <a href="#nurture_line_120">9/123</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_140">11/143</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_123">p. 91</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +turnesole is used to make <i>pownas</i> colour (? <i>pownas</i>, puce) +in <i>Forme of Cury</i>, recipe 68, p. 38.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Tornsole.</p> + +<p>Turrentyne salt, <a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/7</a>.</p> + +<p>Turrentyne, sele, <a href="#keruyng_tag_turrentyne">166/25</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_note_turrentyne">p. 174</a>.</p> + +<p>Tursons, <a href="#nurture_note_201">p. 50, +note <sup>6</sup></a>.</p> + +<p>Tuske, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Tutia, <a href="#vaughan_7">135/10</a>, for Tutia;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Tuthie</i>: f. Tutie; a medicinable stone or dust, said to be the +heauier foyle of Brasse, cleauing to the vpper sides and tops of +Brasse-melting houses: and such doe ordinary Apothecaries passe away for +<i>Tutie</i>; although the true <i>Tutie</i> be not heauie, but light +and white like flocks of wooll, falling into dust as soon as it is +touched; this is bred of the sparkles of brasen furnaces, whereinto +store of the minerall Calamine, beaten to dust, hath been cast. +Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Two at a mess, who may sit, <a href="#nurture_line_1048">72/1049</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_marshal"><ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘179’">171</ins>/7</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +who, two or three, <a href="#nurture_line_1048">72/1051-5</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +carver is to put on, <a href="#curt_line_8">179/9</a>.</p> + +<p>Two fingers and thumb, carver is to put, on a knife, <a href="#nurture_line_320">21/320</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh">p. 157</a>.</p> + +<p>Two fingers, a lord to eat with, <a href="#nurture_line_464">30/467</a>.</p> + +<p>Twopence or threepence a day, the wages of a groom or page, <a href="#curt_line_616">198/619-20</a>.</p> + +<p>Twynkelynge, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/281</a>, +blinking.</p> + +<p>Twyte, <a href="#bab_line_176">256/179</a>, hack;</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘telwyn, or thwytyn (twhytyn, twytyn). <i>Abseco, reseco.</i>’ P. +Parv.</p> + +<p>Tyer, <a href="#keruyng_wines">153/21</a>, Tyrian +wine.</p> + +<p>Tyere, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, cut up.</p> + +<p>Tymbre that fyre, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, +put wood on it.</p> + +<p>Tyre, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/119</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_9">p. 90, No. 9</a>, a +sweet wine.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterU" id="letterU" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Unbrace, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, +carve.</p> + +<p>Unbrushen, <a href="#nurture_line_944">64/944</a>.</p> + +<p>Uncleanness to be abhorred, <a href="#harington_sleep">p. 140</a>.</p> + +<p>Uncountabulle, <a href="#curt_line_544">195/544</a>, +not accountable to any other officer of the household?</p> + +<span class="pagenum">343</span> +<a name="page343" id="page343"> </a> +<!-- png 467 --> + +<p>Uncover thy head when talking to any man, <a href="#vert_line_720">236/722</a>.</p> + +<p>Undefied, <a href="#nurture_line_356">23/359</a>, ? +unqualified, unguarded against, uncooked.</p> + +<p>Undercrust of a loaf to be cut in three, <a href="#curt_line_36">178/39</a>.</p> + +<p>Undertraunche, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, cut +up.</p> + +<p>Undress by the fire, <a href="#vaughan_12">p. +136</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +in winter, <a href="#harington_winter">p. 142</a>.</p> + +<p>Undressing described, <a href="#keruyng_ready">p. +169</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +and going to bed, <a href="#curt_line_484">193/487</a>, +&c., <a href="#curt_line_516">194/516</a>.</p> + +<p>Unfed, better than untaught, <a href="#vert_line_724">236/725</a>.</p> + +<p>Unjoint, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, +carve.</p> + +<p>Unlace, <a href="#nurture_line_312">21/315, 322</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve (a cony); +<a href="#nurture_line_408">26/410</a> (a capon).</p> + +<p>Unsunken, <a href="#curt_line_440">191/441</a>.</p> + +<p>Untache, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, +carve.</p> + +<p>Upbrayde, <a href="#nurture_line_392">25/395</a>, +reproach.</p> + +<p>Upper-crust of a loaf for the lord, <a href="#nurture_line_340">23/342</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_flesh">p. 157</a> at foot;</p> +<p class="inset"> +to be cut in four, <a href="#curt_line_36">178/37</a>.</p> + +<p>Upright, sit, <a href="#young_line_92">270/93</a>.</p> + +<p>Upright, <a href="#borde_tag_2">p. 129</a>, with the +face upwards.</p> +<p class="inset"> +“I throwe a man on his backe or <i>upright</i>, so that his face is +upwarde. <i>Je renuerse.</i>” Palsgrave.</p> + +<p>Urinal, <a href="#keruyng_ready">169/34</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +<i>See</i> Vrnelle.</p> + +<p>Urine, retain it not, <a href="#dem_line_144">214/145</a>.</p> + +<p>Usher, the duties of one, <a href="#nurture_usher">p. +69-78</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_marshal">p. 170-2</a>.</p> + +<p>Usher of the Chamber, <a href="#curt_line_432">190/432</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +his duties, <a href="#curt_line_472">192/473</a> to +<a href="#curt_line_520">194/520</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +he carries the smallest wand, <a href="#curt_line_352">187/354</a>.</p> + +<p>Usher and marshal; all other household officers obey him, <a href="#nurture_line_1180">79/1180</a>.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterV" id="letterV" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Valadyne gynger, <a href="#nurture_line_132">10/132</a>.</p> + +<p>Valance, <a href="#curt_line_444">191/447</a>, hangings +of a bed.</p> + +<p>Vampeys, <a href="#nurture_line_892">61/894</a>.</p> + +<p>Vantage, <a href="#curt_line_632">198/635</a>, gain, +perquisites.</p> + +<p>Vaunte, fryter, <a href="#keruyng_service">157/2</a>, ? +meat.</p> + +<p>Veal, <a href="#nurture_line_804">54/807</a>.</p> + +<p>Veal, verjuice its sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_532">36/534</a>.</p> + +<p>Veele, <a href="#nurture_line_484">31/486</a>, +veal.</p> + +<p>Velany, <a href="#curt_line_56">178/56</a>, +abusing.</p> + +<p>Velvet, <a href="#nurture_line_912">62/914</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Venator</i>, <a href="#curtasye_huntsman">198/628-9</a>, the huntsman.</p> + +<p>Venemous, don’t be, <a href="#abc_v">p. 261</a>, l. +V.</p> + +<p>Venesoun, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_380">25/383-91</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Andrew Borde’s opinion of, <a href="#nurture_linenote_382">p. 94-95</a>.</p> + +<p>Veniable, <a href="#abc_v">p. 261</a>, l. V, +revengeful.</p> + +<p>Venison, <a href="#nurture_line_540">37/542</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">158/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Venison baked, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/689</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_689">p. 101</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +roast, <a href="#nurture_line_444">28/444</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_692">49/694</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/2</a>.</p> + +<p>Venison pastey, <a href="#nurture_line_488">31/489</a>.</p> + +<p>Venprides, <a href="#nurture_line_820">55/820</a>. +?</p> + +<p>Ventes, <a href="#keruyng_sew_fowl">159/13</a>, anus; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_egret">p. 162, l. 3 from +foot</a>.</p> + +<p>Venure, <a href="#nurture_line_488">31/489</a>, beast +that is hunted.</p> + +<p>Vewter, <a href="#curt_line_628">198/631</a>, +fewterer;</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘in hunting or coursing, the man who held the dogs in slips or couples, +and loosed them; a dog-keeper.’ Halliwell. <i>Vaultre</i>, a mongrel +between a hound and a maistiffe; fit for the chase of wild bears and +boars. Cot. ‘The Gaulish hounds of which Martial and Ovid speak, termed +<i>vertagi</i>, or <i>veltres</i>, appear to have been greyhounds, and +hence the appellations <i>veltro</i>, Ital., <i>viautre</i>, +<i>vaultre</i>, Fr., <i>Welter</i>, Germ. The Promptorium gives +<span class="pagenum">344</span> +<a name="page344" id="page344"> </a> +<!-- png 468 --> +“Grehownde, <i>veltres</i>,” p. 209.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Various details regarding the duties of the “foutreres,” and their fee, +or share of the produce of the chace, will be found in the Mayster of +Game, Vesp. B. xii, fol. 99, 104, b.’ Way in <i>Promptorium</i>, +p. 291.</p> + +<p>Verjuice, <a href="#nurture_line_840">58/841, +843</a>.</p> + +<p>Verjuice, <a href="#keruyng_sauce_fowl">p. 159</a>, +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/9</a>, at foot.</p> + +<p>Verjuice, the sauce for boiled capon, &c., <a href="#nurture_line_532">36/534</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +for crab, <a href="#nurture_line_596">42/596</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +with goose, <a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">164/3</a>.</p> + +<p>Vernage, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/118</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_1">p. 87, No. 1</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_wines">153/22</a>.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Ryche she tham drewe</p> +<p>Vernage and Crete.</p> +</div> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>Sir Degrevant</i>, 235, l. 1408, l. 1703.</p> + +<p>Vernagelle, <a href="#nurture_line_116">9/118</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine_2">p. 87, No. 2</a>.</p> + +<p>Viant, <a href="#nurture_line_500">33/501</a>, ? +meat.</p> + +<p>Viaunt, fruture, <a href="#nurture_line_688">48/689</a>, meat fritters?</p> + +<p>Vicars, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1028">71/1031</a>.</p> + +<p>Vice, avoid, <a href="#vert_line_608">234/610</a>.</p> + +<p>Vilony, <a href="#lyt_line_8">265/8</a>; +<a href="#young_line_8">266/10</a>, discourtesy, rudeness; +<a href="#abc_v">p. 261</a>, l. V.</p> + +<p>Vinegar, <a href="#nurture_line_832">57/835</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_844">58/847</a>.</p> + +<p>Vinegar as a sauce, <a href="#nurture_line_536">36/536</a>.</p> + +<p>Vinegar for crayfish, <a href="#nurture_line_608">43/611</a>.</p> + +<p>Vines, tender, with goose, <a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">164/2</a>.</p> + +<p>Virtue, the first of, <a href="#vert_line_492">232/493</a>.</p> + +<p>Viscount, rank of, <a href="#nurture_line_1012">70/1013</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_1048">72/1049</a>.</p> + +<p>Vngryȝt, <a href="#curt_line_748">202/751</a>, +undished?, not uncooked.</p> + +<p>Vnhynde, <a href="#curt_line_80">179/80</a>, ungentle, +uncourteous.</p> + +<p>Vnkende, <a href="#curt_line_816">204/816</a>, ? +unsuitably;</p> +<p class="inset"> +A.S. <i>uncynd</i>, unnatural, unsuitable.</p> + +<p>Vnkunnynge, <a href="#bab_line_52">252/54</a>, want of +knowledge.</p> + +<p>Vnskilfully, without reason;</p> +<p class="inset"> +O.N. <i>skil</i>, reason.</p> + +<p>Voider, put your scraps into it, <a href="#young_line_128">272/131</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +one to be on the table, <a href="#vert_line_376">230/376</a>, +<a href="#vert_line_356">358</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_380">231/382</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +‘A Voider to take vp the fragmentes, <i>vasculum fragmentarium, +analactarium, vel aristophorum</i>.’ Withals.</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Portoire</i>, Any thing that helpes to carry another thing; as a +<i>Voyder</i>, Skep, Scuttle, Wheelebarrow, &c. Cotgrave.</p> + +<p>Vomit away from company, <a href="#dem_line_116">213/117</a>.</p> + +<p>Voyd, <a href="#nurture_line_716">50/716</a>, +clear.</p> + +<p>Voydance, <a href="#urban_line_20">262/20</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +The side-note is doubtless wrong; the getting it out of the way applies +to the <i>snetyng</i> of the line above. But see <a href="#dem_line_144">214/145-7</a>.</p> + +<p>Voyder, <a href="#young_line_128">272/131</a>, vessel +to empty bones and leavings into.</p> + +<p><i>Vrbanitatis</i>, <a href="#urban">p. 262-4</a>.</p> + +<p>Vre, <a href="#nurture_line_1172">78/1173</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_716">236/716</a>, custom, +practice.</p> + +<p>Vrinal, <a href="#vaughan_14">137/15</a>, a glass +vessel in which urine could be looked at and through.</p> + +<p>Vrnelle, <a href="#nurture_line_924">63/926</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_968">66/971</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Fr. <i>Vrinal</i>, an Vrinall; also, a Jordan, or Chamberpot. Cot.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterW" id="letterW" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Wade not too deep, <a href="#lerne_line_20">259/21</a>; +<a href="#abc_v">p. 261</a>, l. W.</p> + +<p>Wadrop, <a href="#curt_line_428">190/429</a>, +wardrobe.</p> + +<p>Wafers to eat, <a href="#nurture_line_712">50/715</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_756">52/759</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_816">55/816</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_service">157/11</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Wager, don’t lay with your lord, <a href="#curt_line_224">184/227</a>.</p> + +<p>Wages of grooms and yeomen kept account of by the Clerk of the +Kitchen, <a href="#curt_line_556">195/556</a>;</p> +<span class="pagenum">345</span> +<a name="page345" id="page345"> </a> +<!-- png 469 --> +<p class="inset"> +of grooms and pages, <a href="#curt_line_616">197/617-20</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +paid by the Treasurer, <a href="#curt_line_584">196/585</a>.</p> + +<p>Walk gently in the morning, <a href="#harington_sleep">p. 140</a>.</p> + +<p>Walk decently, <a href="#dem_line_156">214/157</a>.</p> + +<p>Wall, don’t make it your mirror, <a href="#stans1_line_8">275</a>, +<a href="#stans2_line_8">276/11</a>.</p> + +<p>Walle-wort, <a href="#nurture_line_992">68/992</a>.</p> + +<p>Waloande, <a href="#curt_line_60">179/63</a>, guggling, +speaking with the mouth full.</p> + +<p>Wand, teeth not to be picked with, <a href="#curt_line_92">180/94</a>.</p> + +<p>Wanhope, <a href="#nurture_line_28">3/30</a>, +despair.</p> + +<p>Wanton laughing is wrong, <a href="#stans2_line_20">276/20</a>.</p> + +<p>Wantons, young, want hanging, <a href="#weed_hempe">p. +125</a>.</p> + +<p>Warden of a craft, <a href="#nurture_line_1160">78/1160</a>.</p> + +<p>Wardrobe, <a href="#nurture_line_940">64/940</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +is in the Usher’s charge, <a href="#curt_line_476">193/479</a>.</p> + +<p>Wardrop, <a href="#curt_line_564">196/565</a>.</p> + +<p>Wardropere, <a href="#curt_line_480">193/481</a>, +keeper of the wardrobe.</p> + +<p>Warm water to wash hands in, <a href="#nurture_line_900">62/902</a>.</p> + +<p>Warm your clothes in winter, <a href="#harington_winter">p. 143</a>.</p> + +<p>Warming-pan, <a href="#vaughan_12">p. 136</a>, last +line.</p> + +<p>Wash (vasshe) before going to bed, a lord does, <a href="#curt_line_512">194/513</a>.</p> + +<p>Wash in summer, not winter, <a href="#harington_arise">p. 138</a>.</p> + +<p>Wash on rising, your hands, <a href="#vert_line_72">226/74</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +before eating, <a href="#curt_line_340">187/343</a>; +<a href="#lyt_line_8">265/9</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +and face, <a href="#young_line_12">266/13</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +before leaving the table, <a href="#lyt_line_84">271/84</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +after meals, <a href="#bab_line_192">257/193</a>; +<a href="#harington_after">p. 142</a>.</p> + +<p>Washing after dinner, how done, <a href="#curt_line_712">201/713-21</a>; +<a href="#vert_line_400">231/403-416</a>; +<a href="#bab_line_200">257/200</a>.</p> + +<p>Washing directed, <a href="#borde_stool">p. 130</a>; +<a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>.</p> + +<p>Wastable, <a href="#nurture_line_176">13/179</a>.</p> + +<p>Waste not, <a href="#lerne_line_20">259/20</a>; +<a href="#abc_v">p. 261</a>, l. W; <a href="#lyt_line_56">269/56</a>.</p> + +<p>Wate, <a href="#curt_line_736">201/739</a>, know.</p> + +<p>Water, how to assay, <a href="#curt_line_700">202/702</a>.</p> + +<p>Water, Ewerer to give, to all, <a href="#curt_line_640">200/643</a>.</p> + +<p>Water for the teeth, W. Vaughan’s, <a href="#vaughan_6">p. 134</a>.</p> + +<p>Water-leech, slippers to be brown like one, <a href="#nurture_line_872">60/874</a>.</p> + +<p>Watery, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/282</a>.</p> + +<p>Wax, all candles & morters of, <a href="#curtasye_chandler">204/827-33</a>.</p> + +<p>Wayte, <a href="#nurture_line_264">17/265</a>, watch; +<a href="#nurture_line_436">28/436</a>, take care.</p> + +<p>Wayue, <a href="#curt_line_320">186/322</a>, glance, +move, let wander.</p> + +<p>Wearisome, <a href="#nurture_line_748">52/751</a>.</p> + +<p>Weldsomly, <a href="#nurture_line_16">2/17</a>, at +will.</p> + +<p>Welke, <i>marceo</i>, to welke, <i>sicut flores</i>. <i>marcidus</i>, +welked. <i>emerceo</i>, to wax drie and welkynge. Gloss. <i>Reliq. +Ant.</i> v. 1, p. 6.</p> + +<p>Wesselle clothes, <a href="#curt_line_364">188/367</a>, +? cloths, for vessells.</p> + +<p>Weste, Richard, his <i>Schoole of Vertve</i>, referred to, <a href="#demeanor">p. 207</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +his acrostic, <a href="#dem_acrostic">p. 208</a>.</p> + +<p>Westminster, the Abbot of, <a href="#nurture_line_1140">76/1141</a>.</p> + +<p>Wether or ram, <a href="#nurture_linenote_799">p. 105, +note on l. <ins class="mycorr" title="text reads ‘779’">799</ins></a>.</p> + +<p>Whale, likes harmony, <a href="#fish_capXIX">p. +116</a>. Fr. <i>Tinet</i>: m. The Whall tearmed a Horlepoole, or +Whirlepoole. Cot.</p> + +<p>Whale, roast, how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_580">41/581</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +salt, <a href="#nurture_line_836">57/837</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sauce_fish">168/8</a>.</p> + +<p>Whelk, how to carve a, <a href="#nurture_line_624">44/624</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">346</span> +<a name="page346" id="page346"> </a> +<!-- png 470 --> + +<p>Whelks, <a href="#nurture_line_744">52/747</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/17</a>. Fr. <i>Turbin.</i> +The shell-fish called a <i>Welke</i> or Winkle. Cot.</p> + +<p>Whene, <a href="#curt_line_548">195/548</a>, ? same as +<i>cweme</i>, agreeable.</p> + +<p>Whileere, <a href="#nurture_line_376">24/377</a>, a +time ago, before.</p> + +<p>Whils, <a href="#bab_line_132">254/133</a>, until.</p> + +<p>Whisper, don’t, <a href="#bab_line_92">253/95</a>; +<a href="#lyt_line_52">269/54</a>.</p> + +<p>Whispering, avoid it, <a href="#curt_line_248">184/250</a>.</p> + +<p>White bread, <a href="#nurture_line_92">7/92</a>; +<a href="#curt_line_684">200/686</a>.</p> + +<p>White herrings, <a href="#nurture_line_640">45/642</a>.</p> + +<p>White payne or bread, <a href="#nurture_line_204">14/204</a>.</p> + +<p>Whiting, <a href="#nurture_line_572">40/575</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_844">58/845</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#keruyng_carve_fish">167/6</a>.</p> + +<p>Whole-footed fowls, skin of, is wholesome, <a href="#keruyng_skin">165/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Whot, <a href="#nurture_line_756">52/757</a>, ? white, +not “hot,” as in side note: cf. blaundrelle, <a href="#nurture_line_712">50/714</a>.</p> + +<p>Widgeon, <a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/1</a>.</p> + +<p>Wife, is to honour her husband, <a href="#curt_line_264">185/267</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +takes her husband’s rank, <a href="#nurture_line_1092">74/1092</a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +On the first of June, 1582, John Wolfe paid the Stationers’ Company +8<i>d.</i> for a licence “to imprinte two ballades,” of which the latter +was “a settinge forth of the variety of mens mindes, esteaminge rather +welth with a wanton wife, then vertue in a modeste mayde.” <i>Collier’s +Extracts</i>, ii. 165. For <i>variety</i> in this entry, Mr Collier +proposes to read <i>vanity</i>. See also the ballad,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Faine would I have a vertuous wife</p> +<p>Adorned with all modestie,</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +in <i>Collier’s Extracts</i>, i. 162-3.</p> + +<p>Wight, quick, nimble. Swed. <i>vig.</i></p> + +<p>Wild, don’t be, <a href="#curt_line_156">182/156</a>.</p> + +<p>Wild boar, <a href="#nurture_line_684">48/686</a>.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Sche brouȝt fram the kychene</p> +<p>A scheld of a wylde swyne,</p> +<p>Hastelettus in galantyne.</p> +</div> + +<p class="author"> +<i>Sir Degrevant</i>, 235, l. 1397-9.</p> + +<p>Wind, let it out with secresy, <a href="#dem_line_144">214/145</a>.</p> + +<p>Windows of a bedroom to be shut at night, <a href="#borde">p. 129</a>.</p> + +<p>Wine, livery or allowance of, <a href="#curt_line_840">205/843</a>.</p> + +<p>Wines, <a href="#nurture_line_108">8/109</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +sweet, <a href="#nurture_wines">p. 9</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_wine">p. 86-7</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +the names of, <a href="#keruyng_wines">p. 153</a>.</p> + +<p>Wing, cut under, not over, in whole-footed birds, <a href="#keruyng_feast_pentecost">164/5</a>.</p> + +<p>Wings of smaller birds, the best bits, <a href="#nurture_line_416">27/418</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_472">30/473</a>.</p> + +<p>Winter, the Device of, <a href="#nurture_line_764">52/766</a>.</p> + +<p>Wipe your mouth before drinking, <a href="#young_line_104">272/105</a>.</p> + +<p>Wipe your nose, don’t, <a href="#young_line_140">274/141</a>.</p> + +<p>Wise men eat the fish, <a href="#counsel">219/12</a>.</p> + +<p>Wisps of straw for bed-making, <a href="#curt_line_436">191/439</a>.</p> + +<p>Wite, wot, know, A.S. <i>witan.</i></p> + +<p>Withy leaves in a bath, <a href="#nurture_line_992">69/995</a>.</p> + +<p>Wives, the duty of, <a href="#vert_duty_9">242/9</a>.</p> + +<p>Wolfskin garments for winter, <a href="#harington_summer">p. 139</a>.</p> + +<p>Woman (?) not to sit at a Bishop’s table, <a href="#gross_x">p. 216, No. x</a>.</p> + +<p>Woman-kind, speak never uncourteously of, <a href="#curt_line_256">184/259</a>.</p> + +<p>Woman’s milk, <a href="#vaughan_7">135/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Wombelonge, <a href="#nurture_line_448">29/451</a>, +belly-wise, on its belly.</p> + +<p>Won, <a href="#curt_line_604">197/605</a>, supply.</p> + +<p>Wont, <a href="#curt_line_188">182/190</a>, wants, +fails.</p> + +<p>Woodcock, <a href="#nurture_line_540">37/542</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_543">p. 98</a>; +<a href="#nurture_line_696">49/697</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_feast_myghell">165/1</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +how to carve, <a href="#nurture_line_420">27/421</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_carve_teal">p. 163</a>.</p> +<span class="pagenum">347</span> +<a name="page347" id="page347"> </a> +<!-- png 471 --> + +<p>Woollen cloth to be brushed every week, <a href="#nurture_line_940">64/943</a>.</p> + +<p>Work after meals to be avoided, <a href="#borde_mass">p. 131</a>.</p> + +<p>Worship God, <a href="#curt_line_156">182/157</a>.</p> + +<p>Worshipfulle, sb., <a href="#nurture_line_652">45/655</a>, worshipful person.</p> + +<p>Worth, <a href="#young_line_112">272/114</a>, +estimation.</p> + +<p>Worthier men, let them be helped first, <a href="#urban_line_44">263/45</a>.</p> + +<p>Wortus, <a href="#nurture_line_516">34/517</a>; A.S. +<i>wyrt</i>, <i>wurt</i>, 1. wort, a herb, plant, a general name for all +sorts of herbs, scented flowers, and spices; 2. a root. (Bosworth.)</p> + +<p>Wralling, <a href="#dem_line_60">211/60</a>, wawling, +caterwauling, ‘quarrelling or contending with a loud voice.’ +Halliwell.</p> + +<p>Wrap bread stately, how to, <a href="#nurture_line_208">14/209</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_bread">155/10</a>.</p> + +<p>Wrappe, sb., <a href="#nurture_line_212">14/212</a>, +cover.</p> + +<p>Wrappe, <a href="#nurture_line_212">14/212</a>, wrap, +cover.</p> + +<p>Wrapper, <a href="#nurture_line_224">15/224</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_bread">155/13</a>.</p> + +<p>Wrast, <a href="#curt_line_24">178/26</a>, wresting, +twist.</p> + +<p>Wrawd, <a href="#nurture_line_588">42/590</a>, +froward.</p> + +<p>Wrinkled, don’t let your countenance be, <a href="#dem_line_40">210/41</a>.</p> + +<p>Wry not your neck askew, <a href="#nurture_line_284">19/285</a>.</p> + +<p>Wyn, <a href="#curt_line_444">191/447</a>; A.S. +<i>wyn</i>, joy, pleasure.</p> + +<p>Wyneberries, <a href="#nurture_line_76">6/78</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_78">p. 85</a>.</p> + +<p>Wynge, <a href="#keruyng_terms">p. 151</a>, carve.</p> + +<p>Wynkyn de Worde’s <i>Boke of Keruynge</i>, <a href="#boke_keruynge">p. 147-74</a>.</p> + +<p>Wynkynge, <a href="#nurture_line_280">18/282</a>.</p> + +<p>Wynne, <a href="#young_line_76">270/79</a>; A.S. +<i>win</i>, labour (not <i>wyn</i>, <i>win</i>, pleasure).</p> + +<p>Wyt, <a href="#young_line_40">268/41</a>, will.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterY" id="letterY" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Ȝane, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/294</a>, yawn; +A.S. <i>ganian</i>.</p> + +<p>Yardehok, <a href="#nurture_line_988">67/991</a>.</p> + +<p>Yawn not, <a href="#nurture_line_292">19/294</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +when you do, hide behind a napkin, <a href="#dem_line_80">211/82</a>.</p> + +<p>Y-chaffed, <a href="#nurture_line_892">61/893</a>, +warmed; Fr. <i>chauffé</i>.</p> + +<p>Ycoruyn, <a href="#curt_line_764">203/765</a>, carved, +cut.</p> + +<p>Yeoman of the Crown, <a href="#nurture_line_1032">71/1033</a>.</p> + +<p>Yeoman-usher is under the marshal, <a href="#curt_line_380">189/383</a>.</p> + +<p>Yeomen in hall, <a href="#curt_line_24">178/27</a>.</p> + +<p>Yerbis, <a href="#nurture_line_684">48/687</a>, +herbs.</p> + +<p>Ȝett, <a href="#nurture_line_336">22/339</a>, formerly +?, see <a href="#nurture_line_204">l. 204</a>.</p> + +<p>Yȝes, <a href="#nurture_line_524">35/527</a>, eyes.</p> + +<p>Ygraithed, <a href="#nurture_line_224">15/225</a>, +prepared.</p> + +<p>Ynons, <a href="#nurture_line_568">40/569</a>; +<a href="#nurture_linenote_569">p. 98</a>, onions.</p> + +<p>Yn-same, <a href="#lyt_line_92">271/93</a>, in the same +way. Cut out the hyphen.</p> + +<p>Ȝomon of chambur, <a href="#curt_line_504">193/507</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝomon-ussher, sleeps all night on the floor at his lord’s door, +<a href="#curt_line_516">194/519</a>.</p> + +<p>York, Archbp. of, <a href="#nurture_line_1076">73/1078</a>;</p> +<p class="inset"> +Bps. of, <a href="#nurture_line_1080">l. 1081</a>.</p> + +<p>Youth, if lawless, old age despised, <a href="#counsel">219/14</a>.</p> + +<p>Ypocras, how to make it, <a href="#nurture_ypocras">p. +9-12</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_ypocras">p. 153</a>.</p> + +<p>Ypocras, <a href="#nurture_line_756">52/759</a>; +<a href="#keruyng_sew_fish">166/19</a>.</p> + +<p>Ypocras to drynk, <a href="#nurture_line_712">50/715</a>.</p> + +<p>Yoxinge, <a href="#nurture_note_57">19/298, +note <sup>4</sup></a>.</p> +<p class="inset"> +I <i>yeske</i>, I gyue a noyse out of my stomacke. <i>Je engloute.</i> +When he <i>yesketh</i> next, tell hym some straunge newes, and he shall +leave it. Palsg.</p> + +<p>Ypullished, <a href="#nurture_line_60">4/63</a>, +polished.</p> + +<p>Yse, <a href="#nurture_line_1220">81/1222</a>, look +at.</p> + +<p>Ywys, <a href="#bab_line_12">250/12</a>; A.S. +<i>gewis</i>, certainly.</p> + +<p class="break"> +<a name="letterZ" id="letterZ" href="#index_poems">Return to Top</a></p> + +<p>Zole, <a href="#nurture_line_736">51/737</a>, sole +?</p> + +<span class="pagenum">348</span> +<a name="page348" id="page348"> </a> +<!-- png 472 --> + +<p>ADDITIONS TO INDEX.</p> + +<p><i>Brawn of boar</i>: this was the first dish at dinner in Harrison’s +time, 1577-87;</p> +<p class="inset"> +see his <i>Description</i> of Britain, bk. iii, ch. 1 (N. Sh. Soc.).</p> + +<p><i>Dischmetes</i>, 34/514.</p> + +<p><i>Galingale</i>: Sp. <i>Júncia avellanda</i>, <i>Júnca odoróso</i>, +galingale.—Minsheu.</p> + +<p><i>Girls</i>: home-education, xxv, xv, &c.</p> + +<p><i>Leche fryture</i>: see <i>Leschefrites</i>, <i>leschefrayes</i>, +in the index to the <i>Ménagier de Paris</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Musclade</i> is Span. <i>mezclada</i>, mixture. Ital. +<i>mescolanza</i> is used, in Genoa at least, for a fry of small +fish.—H. H. Gibbs. Minsheu has <i>mézela</i>, <i>méscla</i> +or <i>mezcladura</i>, a medlie, mingling.</p> + +<p><i>Peacock</i>: as to his voice, see Roberts’s <i>Fables Inédits</i>, +T. Wright’s <i>Piers Plowman</i>, ii. 548.</p> + +<p><i>Raspise</i>: All maner of wynes be made of grapes, excepte +<i>respyce</i>, the whiche is made of a berye.—A. Borde, +<i>Dyetary of Wynes</i>, sign. F. i.</p> + +<p><i>Remyssailes</i>: leavings.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div pageindex --> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="index_note_1" id="index_note_1" href="#index_tag_1">1.</a> +And of the carp, that it is a deyntous fyssche, but there ben but fewe +in Englonde; and therefore I wryte the lasse of hym.—<i>Jul. +Berners’s Book of St Alban’s.</i></p> + +<p><a name="index_note_2" id="index_note_2" href="#index_tag_2">2.</a> +<i>Guisnes</i>: f. A kind of little, sweet, and long cherries; tearmed +so because at first they came out of Guyenne; also any kind of Cherries. +Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="index_note_3" id="index_note_3" href="#index_tag_3">3.</a> +<i>Corneille</i>, a Cornill berrie; <i>Cornillier</i>, The long cherrie, +wild cherrie, or Cornill tree. Cotgrave.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div footnote --> + +<div class="maintext"> + +<span class="pagenum">349</span> +<a name="page349" id="page349"> </a> +<!-- png 473 --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="serve" id="serve"> +<img src="images/page349header.png" width="206" height="32" +alt="Ffor to serve a lord." +title="Ffor to serve a lord."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>From the Rev. Walter Sneyd’s copy of Mr Davenport Bromley’s +MS.</i>]</p> + +<p><span class="smallcaps">Mr Sneyd</span> has just told me that Mr +Arthur Davenport’s MS. <i>How to serve a Lord</i>, referred to in my +Preface to Russell, p. lxxii., is in fact the one from Mr Sneyd’s copy +of which his sister quoted in her edition of the ‘Italian Relation of +England’ mentioned on pp. xiv. xv. of my <i>Forewords</i>. Mr Sneyd +says: ‘I made my copy nearly forty years ago, during the lifetime of the +late Mr A. Davenport’s grandfather, who was my uncle by marriage. I +recollect that the MS. contains a miscellaneous collection of old +writings on various subjects, old recipes, local and family memoranda, +&c., all of the 15th century, and, bound up with them in the old +vellum wrapper, is an imperfect copy of the first edition of the Book of +St Alban’s. On Mr Arthur Davenport’s death, last September, the MS. +(with the estates) came into the possession of Mr Davenport Bromley, +M.P., but a long time must elapse before it can be brought to light, as +the house you mention is still unfinished, and the boxes of books stowed +away in confusion.’ On my asking Mr Sneyd for a sight of his copy, he at +once sent it to me, and it proved so interesting—especially the +Feast for a Bride, at the end—that I copied it out directly, put a +few notes to it, and here it is.<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_1" id="serve_tag_1" href="#serve_note_1">1</a> For more notes and +explanations the reader must look the words he wants them for, out in +the Index at the end of Part II. The date of the Treatise seems to me +quite the end of the 15th century, if not the beginning of the 16th. The +introduction of the Chamber, p. 356, the confusion of the terms of +a Carver, ‘unlose <i>or</i> tire <i>or</i> display,’ +p. 357—enough to make a well-bred Carver faint: even Wynkyn +de Worde in 1508 and 1513 doesn’t think of such a thing—the cheese +shred with sugar and sage-leaves, +<span class="pagenum">350</span> +<a name="page350" id="page350"> </a> +<!-- png 474 --> +p. 355, the ‘Trenchours of <i>tree or</i> brede,’ l. 16, +below, &c., as well as the language, all point to a late date. The +treatise is one for a less grand household than Russell, de Worde, and +the author of the <i>Boke of Curtastye</i> prescribed rules for. But it +yields to none of the books in interest: so in the words of its pretty +‘scriptur’ let it welcome all its readers:</p> + +<div class="verse full"> +<p>“Welcombe you bretheren godely in this hall!</p> +<p>Joy be unto you all</p> +<p>that en<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_2" id="serve_tag_2" href="#serve_note_2">2</a> this day it is now fall!</p> +<p>that worthy lorde that lay in an Oxe stalle</p> +<p>mayntayne your husbonde and you, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your gystys +all!”</p> +</div> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<div class="prose"> + +<h5><a name="serve_I" id="serve_I"> +[I. <i>Of laying the Cloth and setting out the Table.</i>]</a></h5> + +<p>Ffirst, in servise of all thyngys in pantery and botery, and also for +the ewery. +<span class="sidenote"> +1. Have your table-cloths and napkins ready,</span> +ffirst, table-clothis, towelles longe and shorte, covertours<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_3" id="serve_tag_3" href="#serve_note_3">3</a> and napkyns, be ordeyned clenly, clene and redy +accordyng to the tyme. +<span class="sidenote"> +also trenchers, salts, &c.</span> +Also basyns, ewers, Trenchours of tree or brede, sponys, salte, and +kervyng knyves.</p> + +<p>Thenne ayenst tyme of mete, +<span class="sidenote"> +2. Bring your cloths folded,</span> +the boteler or the ewer shall brynge forthe clenly dressed and fayre +applyed<a class="tag" href="#serve_note_3">3</a> Tabill-clothis, and +the cubbord-clothe, cowched uppon his lefte shulder, +<span class="sidenote"> +lay them on the table,</span> +laying them uppon the tabill ende, close applied<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_4" id="serve_tag_4" href="#serve_note_4">4</a> unto the +tyme that he have +<span class="sidenote"> +then cover the cupboard, the side-table, and the chief table.</span> +firste coverd the cubbord; and thenne cover the syde-tabillis, and laste +the principall tabill with dobell clothe drau<i>n</i>, cowched, and +spradde unto the degre, as longeth therto in festis.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +3. Bring out the chief salt-cellar, and pared loaves,</span> + +<p>Thenne here-uppon the boteler or panter shall bring forthe his +pryncipall salte, and iiij or v loves of paryd brede, havyng a towaile +aboute his nekke, the tone half honge or lying uppon his lefte arme unto +his hande, +<span class="sidenote"> +and hold the carving-knives in your right hand.</span> +and the kervyng knyves holdyng in the ryght hande, iuste unto the +salte-seler beryng.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">351</span> +<a name="page351" id="page351"> </a> +<!-- png 475 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +4. Put your chief salt-cellar before the chief person’s seat, his bread +by it,</span> + +<p>Thenne the boteler or panter shall sette the seler in the myddys of +the tabull accordyng to the place where the principall soverain shalle +sette, and sette his brede iuste couched unto the salte-seler; + +<span class="sidenote"> +and his trenchers before it.</span> +and yf ther be trenchours of brede, sette them iuste before the seler, +and lay downe faire the kervyng knyves, the poynts to the seler benethe +the trenchours.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +5. Put the second salt-cellar at the lower end.</span> + +<p>Thenne the seconde seler att the lower ende, with ij paryd loves<a +class="tag" name="serve_tag_5" id="serve_tag_5" href="#serve_note_5">5</a> therby, and trenchours of brede yf they be +ordeyned; + +<span class="sidenote"> +If wooden trenchers are used, bring them on.</span> +and in case be that trenchours of tree shalbe ordeyned, the panter shall +bryng them with nappekyns and sponys whenne the soverayne is sette att +tabill.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +6. Put salt-cellars on the side-tables.</span> + +<p>Thenne after the high principall tabill sette with brede & salte, +thenne salte-selers shall be sette uppon the syde-tablys, but no brede +unto the tyme such people be sette that fallith to come to mete. +<span class="sidenote"> +7. Bring out your basins, &c., and set all your plate on the +cupboard.</span> +Thenne the boteler shall bryng forth basyns, ewers, and cuppis, Pecys,<a +class="tag" name="serve_tag_6" id="serve_tag_6" href="#serve_note_6">6</a> sponys sette into a pece, redressing all his +silv<i>er</i> plate, upon the cubbord, the largest firste, the richest +in the myddis, the lighteste before.</p> + +<h5><a name="serve_II" id="serve_II"> +[II. <i>Of Washing after Grace is said.</i>]</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +8. Let the chief servants have basins, &c., ready,</span> + +<p>Thenne the principall servitours moste take in ij handys, basyns and +ewers, and towell, and therwith to awayte and attende unto the tyme that +the grace be fully saide; + +<span class="sidenote"> +and after Grace, hold the best basin to the chief lord, with the towel +under;</span> +and thenne incontynent after grace saide, to serve water with the +principall basyn and ewer unto the principall soverayne, and ij +principall servitours to + +<span class="pagenum">352</span> +<a name="page352" id="page352"> </a> +<!-- png 476 --> + +holde the towell under the basyn in lenght before the sovrayne; and +after that the sovrayne hath wasshe, +<span class="sidenote"> +and then let his messmates wash.</span> +to yeve thenne water unto such as ben ordeyned to sytte at the +sovrayne-is messe.</p> + +<h5><a name="serve_III" id="serve_III"> +[III. <i>Of the Lord & Guests taking their Seats, & getting +their Trenchers, Spoons, Napkins, & Bread.</i>]</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +9. The chief lord takes his seat, then his messmates theirs;</span> + +<p>Thenne after the wesshing servid, the sovrayne will take his place to +sitte, and to hym such persons as hit pleaseth hym to have. uppon which +tyme of sittyng, the servitorys moste diligently a-wayte to serve them +of +qussyons, +<span class="sidenote"> +then the lower-mess people theirs.</span> +and after that done, to make such personys to be sette at the lower +messe as the principall soverayne aggrees that be convenyent.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +(When Grace begins, the bread cover is to be taken away.)</span> + +<p>Be it remembrid that evermore at the begynnyng of grace the covertour +of brede shalbe avoyded and take away. +<span class="sidenote"> +10. The Carver takes 4 trenchers on his knife-point,</span> +thenne the karver, havyng his napkyn at all tymes uppon his left hand, +and the kervyng knyf in his right hande, and he shall take uppon the +poynte of his knyf iiij trenchours, +<span class="sidenote"> +and lays them before the chief lord,</span> +and so cowche them iustely before the principall, iij lying iustely +to-geder, ij under, and on<i>e</i> uppon, and the fowerth before, +<span class="sidenote"> +(one to put his salt on,)</span> +iustely for to lay uppon salte. +<span class="sidenote"> +and 3 or 2 before the less people.</span> +and the next, lay iij trenchours; and soo iij or ij after her degree. +<span class="sidenote"> +11. The Butler gives each man a spoon and a napkin.</span> +therto the boteler most be redy with sponys and napkyns, that ther as +the trenchours be cowched, lay the spone and the napkyn therto, and soo +thorowe the borde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +12. The Carver pares 2 loaves,</span> + +<p>Thenne the kerver shall take into his hande on or ij loves, and bere +hem to the syde-tabill ende, and ther pare hem quarter on first, and +bring hym hole to-geder, +<span class="sidenote"> +lays 2 before his lord, and 2 or 1 to the rest.</span> +and cowche ij of the beste before the sovrayne, and to others by ij or +on after ther degree.</p> + +<h5><a name="serve_IV" id="serve_IV"> +[IV. <i>Of the Courses of the Dinner.</i>]</a></h5> + +<h6>[<i>First Course.</i>]</h6> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +? Assewe.</span> + +<p>Thenne the kerver or sewer most <span class="texttag">asserve</span> every +<span class="pagenum">353</span> +<a name="page353" id="page353"> </a> +<!-- png 477 --> +disshe in his degre, after order and course of servise as folowith: + +<span class="sidenote"> +13. Serve brawn,</span> +first, mustard and brawne, swete wyne shewed therto.<a class="tag" +name="serve_tag_7" id="serve_tag_7" href="#serve_note_7">7</a></p> + +<h6>POTAGE.</h6> + +<span class="sidenote"> +beef, swan, pheasant, fritters.</span> + +<p>Befe and moton. swan or gese. grete pies, capon or fesaunt; leche, or +fretours. Thenne yef potage be chaungeabill after tyme and season of the +yere as fallith, as here is rehercid: + +<span class="sidenote"> +As a change for beef,</span> +by example, ffor befe and moton ye shall take</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> + +<span class="sidenote"> +have legs or chines of pork, or tongue of ox or hart.</span> +<p>Pestelles or chynys of porke,</p> +<p>or els tonge of befe,</p> +<p>or tonge of the harte powderd;<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_8" id="serve_tag_8" href="#serve_note_8">8</a></p> +<p>Befe stewed,</p> +<p>chekyns boylyd, and bacon.</p> +</div> + +<div class="prose"> +<h6>[<i>The Second Course.</i>]</h6> + +<p>Thenne ayenste the secunde cours, be redy, and come in-to the place. +<span class="sidenote"> +14. Clear away the 1st course,</span> +the kerver muste avoyde and take uppe the service of the first +cours,—begynnyng at the lowest mete first,—and +<span class="sidenote"> +crumbs, bones, and used trenchers.</span> +all broke cromys, bonys, & trenchours, before the secunde cours and +servise be served. +<span class="sidenote"> +15. Serve the Second Course: </span> +thenne the seconde cours shall be served in manner and fourme as +ensample thereof here-after folowyng:</p> + +</div> + +<table class="fullsize" summary="two columns of text"> +<tr class="space"> +<td rowspan="6"> +Potage. pigge<br> +Conye<br> +Crane<br> +heronsewe<br> +betoure<br> +Egrete<br> +Corlewe<br> +wodecok<br> +Pert[r]igge<br> +Plover<br> +Snytys<br> +quaylys<br> +ffretours<br> +leche +</td> +<td class="leftline" colspan="2"> +la<i>m</i>me stewed<br> +Kidde rosted<br> +Veneson rosted<br> +heronsewe<br> +betoure<br> +pigeons +</td> +<td class="sidenote prose"> +Small birds, lamb, kid, venison, +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="leftline" colspan="2"> +Rabetts<br> +a bake mete +</td> +<td class="sidenote prose"> +rabbits,<br> +meat pie, +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="leftline sum" colspan="2"> </td> +<td> +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="space"> +<td class="leftline center" colspan="2"> +Stokke-dovys stewed +</td> +<td> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<!-- <td></td> --> +<td class="leftline" width="25%"> +cony<br> +telys +</td> +<td class="leftline"> +malard<br> +wodecok +</td> +<td class="sidenote prose"> +teal, woodcock. +</td> +</tr> +<tr class="space"> +<td class="leftline center" colspan="2"> +grete byrdys +</td> +<td class="sidenote prose"> +Great birds. +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">354</span> +<a name="page354" id="page354"> </a> +<!-- png 478 --> + +<div class="prose"> + +<h5><a name="serve_V" id="serve_V"> +[V. <i>How to clear the Table.</i>]</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +16. Fill men’s cups and remove their trenchers.</span> + +<p>After the seconde cours served, kerved, and spente, hit must be sene, +cuppys to be fillid, trenchours to be voyded. thenne by goode avysement +the tabill muste be take uppe in manner as folowith:— +<span class="sidenote"> +17. Collect the spoons.</span> +first, when tyme +<span class="sidenote text"> +? aloweth</span> +<span class="texttag">foloweth</span>, the panter or boteler muste +gader uppe the sponys; after that done by leyser, the sewer or carver +shall be-gynne at the loweste ende, +<span class="sidenote"> +18. Take up the lowest dishes at the side-tables, and then clear the +high table.</span> +and in order take uppe the lowest messe; after the syde-tabill be +avoyded and take uppe, and thenne to procede to the Principall tabill, +and ther honestly and clenly avoyde and withdrawe all the servise of the +high table. +<span class="sidenote"> +19. Sweep all the bits of bread, trenchers, &c., into a +voyder.</span> +ther-to the kerver muste be redy, and redely have a voyder to geder in +all the broke brede, trenchours, cromys lying upon the tabill; levyng +none other thyng save the salte-seler, hole brede (yf any be lefte), and +cuppys.</p> + +<h5><a name="serve_VI" id="serve_VI"> +[VI. <i>How to serve Dessert.</i>]</a></h5> + +<p>After this done by goode delyberacion and avysement, +<span class="sidenote"> +20. Take away the cups, &c., from all the messes, putting the +trenchers, &c., in a voyder,</span> +the kerver shall take the servise of the principall messe in order and +rule, begynnynge at the lowest, and so procede in rule unto the laste,<a +class="tag" name="serve_tag_9" id="serve_tag_9" href="#serve_note_9">9</a> and theruppon the kerver to have redy a voyder, +and to avoyde all man<i>er</i> trenchours [&] broke brede in +a-nother clene disshe voyder, +<span class="sidenote"> +and scraping the crumbs off with a carving-knife.</span> +and cromys, which with the kervyng-knyf<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_10" id="serve_tag_10" href="#serve_note_10">10</a> shall +be avoyded from the tabill, and thus p<i>ro</i>cede unto the tabill be +voyded. Thenne the kerver shall goo unto the cuppebord, +<span class="sidenote"> +21. Serve wafers in towels laid on the table,</span> +and redresse and ordeyne wafers in to towayles of raynes or fyne napkyns +which moste be cowched fayre and honestly uppon the tabill, and thenne +serve the principall messe first, and so thorowe the + +<span class="pagenum">355</span> +<a name="page355" id="page355"> </a> +<!-- png 479 --> + +tabill .j or ij yf hit so requere: + +<span class="sidenote"> +and sweet wine. In holiday time serve cheese, or fruit;</span> +therto moste be servid swete wyne <img src="images/symbol355.gif" +width="15" height="17" alt="symbol"><!-- ack! very strange +symbol!--> and in feriall<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_11" id="serve_tag_11" href="#serve_note_11">11</a> tyme serve chese shraped +with sugur and sauge-levis,<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_12" id="serve_tag_12" href="#serve_note_12">12</a> or ellis that hit be faire +kervid hole, or frute as the yere yeveth, strawberys, cherys, perys, +appulis; +<span class="sidenote"> +in winter, roast apples.</span> +and in winter, wardens,<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_13" id="serve_tag_13" href="#serve_note_13">13</a> costardys roste, rosted on +fisshe-dayes with blanche pouder, and so serve hit forth <img src="images/symbol355.gif" width="15" height="17" alt="symbol"><!-- +wacky symbol again --> +Thenne aftur wafers and frute spended, +<span class="sidenote"> +22. Clear away all except the chief salt-cellar, whole bread, and +carving-knives;</span> +all maner thinge shalbe take uppe and avoyded, except the principall +salt-seler, hole brede, and kervyng-knyves, the which shalbe redressed +in man<i>er</i> and fourme as they were first sette on the table; the +which, +<span class="sidenote"> +take these to the pantry.</span> +principall servitours of the pantre or botery, havyng his towaile, shall +take uppe, and bere hit into his office in like wyse as he first brought +hit unto the Tabill.</p> + +<h5><a name="serve_VII" id="serve_VII"> +[VII. <i>How the Diners shall wash after Dessert.</i>]</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +23. Lay a fresh cloth all along the chief table.</span> + +<p>Thenne the principall servitours, as kerver and sewer, moste have +redy a longe towaile applyed dowble, to be cowched uppon the principall +ende of the table; and that towell must be iustely drawen thorowe the +tabill unto the lower ende, and ij servitours to awayte theruppon that +hit be iustely cowched and sprad. after that done, +<span class="sidenote"> +24. Have ready basons and jugs with hot or cold water;</span> +ther muste be ordeyned basyns, and ewers w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> water hote +or colde as tyme of the yere requerith, and to be sette uppon the +tabill, and to stonde unto the g<i>ra</i>ce be saide; + +<span class="sidenote"> +and after Grace, hand basins and water to the first mess,</span> +and incontynent after grace seide, the servitours to be redy to awayte +and attende to yeve water, first to the principall messe, +<span class="sidenote"> +then the second.</span> +and after that to the + +<span class="pagenum">356</span> +<a name="page356" id="page356"> </a> +<!-- png 480 --> + +seconde. incontynent after this done, +<span class="sidenote"> +25. Take off and fold up the towels and cloth,</span> +the towayle and tabill-clothis most be drawen, cowched, and sprad, and +so by litill space taken uppe in the myddis of the tabill, +<span class="sidenote"> +and give ’em to the Panter.</span> +and so to be delyvered to the officer of pantery or botery.</p> + +<h5><a name="serve_VIII" id="serve_VIII"> +[VIII. <i>Of the Removal of the Table, and the separate Service to grand +Guests in the Chamber.</i>]</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +26. Clear away tables, trestles, forms; and put cushions on other +seats.</span> + +<p>Thenne uprysyng, servitours muste attende to avoyde tabills, +trestellis, formys and stolys, and to redresse bankers and quyssyons. +<span class="sidenote"> +27. Butler, put the cups, &c., back into your office.</span> +then the boteler shall avoyde the cupborde, begynnyng at the lowest, +p<i>ro</i>cede in rule to the hieste, and bere hit in-to his office. +Thenne after mete, hit moste be awayted and well entended by servitours +yf drinke be asked. +<span class="sidenote"> +28. Serve knights and ladies with bread and wine, kneeling.</span> +and yf ther be knyght or lady or grete gentil-woman, they shall be +servid uppon kne with brede and wyne. +<span class="sidenote"> +29. Conduct strangers to the Chamber.</span> +Thenne it moste be sene yf strangers shalbe brought to chamber, and that +the chamber be clenly appareld and dressed according to the tyme of the +yere, as in wynter-tyme, fyer, in som<i>u</i>r tyme the bedd couerd +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> pylawes and hedde-shetys +<span class="sidenote"> +30. Serve them with dainties:</span> +in case that they woll reste. and after this done, they moste have chere +of neweltees in the chamber.<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_14" id="serve_tag_14" href="#serve_note_14">14</a> as +<span class="sidenote"> +junket, pippins,</span> +Iuncate,<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_15" id="serve_tag_15" href="#serve_note_15">15</a> cheryes, pepyns, and such neweltees as the +<span class="sidenote"> +or green ginger;</span> +tyme of the yere requereth; or ellis grene ginger comfetts,<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_16" id="serve_tag_16" href="#serve_note_16">16</a> with such thynge as wynter requereth; and +<span class="sidenote"> +and sweet wines.</span> +swete wynes, as ypocrasse, Tyre, muscadell, bastard + +<span class="pagenum">357</span> +<a name="page357" id="page357"> </a> +<!-- png 481 --> + +vernage, of the beste that may be had, to the honor and lawde of the +principall of the house.</p> + +<h5><a name="serve_IX" id="serve_IX"> +[IX. <i>How to Carve.</i>]</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +How to carve a Swan, Goose,</span> + +<p>to lose and t[i]re or sawse a capon:<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_17" id="serve_tag_17" href="#serve_note_17">17</a> +begynne at the lifte legge first of a Swan;<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_18" id="serve_tag_18" href="#serve_note_18">18</a> & +lyfte a gose y-reared at the right legge first, +<span class="sidenote"> +Wild-fowl, Crane,</span> +and soo a wilde fowle. To unlose, tire, or display a crane:<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_19" id="serve_tag_19" href="#serve_note_19">19</a> cutte away the nekke in a voyde plate, rere +legge and whyngge as of a capon; take of ij leches of the briste, and +cowche legge and whyngge and lechis into a faire voyde plater; mynse the +legge, and poyntes of whinge; sawse hym w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mustard, +vinager, and pouder gynger, and serve hit before the sovrayne, and the +carcas in a charger besyde: serve it hole before the sovrayne. and he<a +class="tag" name="serve_tag_20" id="serve_tag_20" href="#serve_note_20">20</a> may be served and dressed as a capon, save one +thyng, his breste bone.<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_21" id="serve_tag_21" href="#serve_note_21">21</a> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Heronsew,</span> +To tyre or ellis to dismember an heronsew:<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_22" id="serve_tag_22" href="#serve_note_22">22</a> rere +legge and whinge as of a crane; cowche them aboute the body on bothe +sydes, the hedde and the nekke being upon the golet: s<i>er</i>ve him +forth, and yf he be mynsed, sawse hym with mustard, burage,<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_23" id="serve_tag_23" href="#serve_note_23">23</a> suger, and powder of gynger.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Bittern,</span> + +<p>To lose or untache a bitorn:<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_24" id="serve_tag_24" href="#serve_note_24">24</a> kitte his nekke, and lay +hit by the hedde in the golette; kitte his whynge by the joynte; rere +hym legge and whynge, as the heron; serve him fourth; no sawse unto hym +but only salte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Egret,</span> + +<p>To lose or spoyle an Egrete<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_25" id="serve_tag_25" href="#serve_note_25">25</a>: rere uppe his legge + +<span class="pagenum">358</span> +<a name="page358" id="page358"> </a> +<!-- png 482 --> + +and whynge, as of a henne, aboute the carcas: no sawse to him but +salte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Partridge, Quail,</span> + +<p>To tyre or to ele<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_26" id="serve_tag_26" href="#serve_note_26">26</a> a partorich<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_27" id="serve_tag_27" href="#serve_note_27">27</a> or a quayle<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_28" id="serve_tag_28" href="#serve_note_28">28</a> +y-whyngged: rere uppe whynge and legge, as of an henne; cowche them +aboute the carcas; no sawse save salte, or mustard and sugar. +<span class="sidenote"> +Pheasant.</span> +To lose or unlase a fesaunt:<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_29" id="serve_tag_29" href="#serve_note_29">29</a> rere uppe legge and whynge +as an henne; cowche legge and whynge aboute the carcas; serve hym +fourth; no sawse but salte: but and yf he be mynsed, take whyte wyne, +sugur, mustard, and a lyttell of powder gynger.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>A Bridal Feast.</i></span> + +<h5><a name="feste" id="feste"> +ffor to make a feste for a bryde.</a></h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>First Course.</i></span> + +<span class="sidenote">Boar’s head, and a Device</span> + +<p>The ffirst cours: brawne, with the borys hed,<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_30" id="serve_tag_30" href="#serve_note_30">30</a> lying +in a felde, hegge<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_31" id="serve_tag_31" href="#serve_note_31">31</a> about w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a +scriptur, sayng on this wyse;</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<span class="sidenote"> +of Welcome.</span> + +<p>“Welcombe you bretheren godely in this hall!<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_32" id="serve_tag_32" href="#serve_note_32">32</a></p> +<p>Joy be unto you all</p> +<p>that en<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_33" id="serve_tag_33" +href="#serve_note_33">33</a> this day it is now fall!</p> +<p>that worthy lorde that lay in an Oxe stalle</p> +<p>mayntayne your husbonde and you, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> your gystys, +alle!”</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Venison and Custard, with a Device of</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Ffurmente w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> veneson, swanne, pigge.</p> +<p>Ffesaunte, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a grete custard, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a +sotelte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Meekness.</span> + +<p>A lambe stondyng in scriptour, sayng on this wyse:</p> +<p>“I mekely unto you, sovrayne, am sente,</p> +<p>to dwell with you, and ever be present.”<a class="tag" href="#serve_note_32">32</a></p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">359</span> +<a name="page359" id="page359"> </a> +<!-- png 483 --> + +<div class="prose"> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>Second Course.</i></span> + +<h5>The second course.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Venison, Crane, &c., and a Device of</span> + +<p>Veneson in broth, viaunde Ryalle,<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_34" id="serve_tag_34" href="#serve_note_34">34</a> +veneson rosted, crane, cony, a bake mete, leche damaske,<a class="tag" +name="serve_tag_35" id="serve_tag_35" href="#serve_note_35">35</a> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a sotelte: An anteloppe sayng<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_36" id="serve_tag_36" href="#serve_note_36">36</a> on a +sele that saith with scriptour</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Gladness and Loyalty.</span> + +<p class="inset"> +“beith all gladd & mery that sitteth at this messe,<br> +and prayeth for the kyng and all his.”<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_37" id="serve_tag_37" href="#serve_note_37">37</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>Third Course.</i></span> + +<h5>The thirde course.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Sweets, &c., Game, with a</span> + +<p>Creme of Almondys, losynge in syruppe, betour<i>e</i>, +p<i>ar</i>trich, plover, snyte, poud<i>er</i> veal, leche veal, wellis<a +class="tag" name="serve_tag_38" id="serve_tag_38" href="#serve_note_38">38</a> in sotelte, Roches in sotelte,<a class="tag" +name="serve_tag_39" id="serve_tag_39" href="#serve_note_39">39</a> +Playce in sotelte; a bake mete w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a sotelte: + +<span class="sidenote"> +Device of Thankfulness.</span> +an angell w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a scriptour, “thanke all, god, of this +feste.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>Fourth Course.</i></span> + +<h5>The iiij cours.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Cheese and a cake with a Device of Child-bearing</span> + +<p>Payne puff,<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_40" id="serve_tag_40" +href="#serve_note_40">40</a> chese, freynes,<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_41" id="serve_tag_41" href="#serve_note_41">41</a> brede +hote, with a cake,<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_42" id="serve_tag_42" href="#serve_note_42">42</a> and a wif lying in +childe-bed, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a scriptour + +<span class="pagenum">360</span> +<a name="page360" id="page360"> </a> +<!-- png 484 --> + +saing in this wyse, +<span class="sidenote"> +and a promise of babies.</span> +“I am comyng toward your bryde. yf ye dirste onys loke to me ward, I +wene ye nedys muste.”<a class="tag" name="serve_tag_43" id="serve_tag_43" href="#serve_note_43">43</a></p> + +<h5>Another course or servise.</h5> + +<p>Brawne with mustard, umblys of a dere or of a sepe;<a class="tag" +name="serve_tag_44" id="serve_tag_44" href="#serve_note_44">44</a> +swanne, capon, lambe.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<span class="pagenum">349</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_1" id="serve_note_1" href="#serve_tag_1">1.</a> +Though it goes against one’s ideas of propriety to print from a copy, +yet when one wants the substance of a MS., it’s better to take it from a +copy, when you can get it, than fret for five years till the MS. turns +up. When it does so, we can print it if necessary, its owner +permitting.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">350</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_2" id="serve_note_2" href="#serve_tag_2">2.</a> +on.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_3" id="serve_note_3" href="#serve_tag_3">3.</a> +For bread, see <a href="#serve_III">§ III., p. 352</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_4" id="serve_note_4" href="#serve_tag_4">4.</a> +Folded. Cf. ‘a towaile applyed dowble’ below. Fr. <i>plier</i>, to +fould, plait, plie. Cotgrave.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">351</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_5" id="serve_note_5" href="#serve_tag_5">5.</a> +What is done with these loaves does not appear. The carver in Motion 12, +Section IV., pares the loaves wherewith he serves the guests.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_6" id="serve_note_6" href="#serve_tag_6">6.</a> +Goblets or cups: ? also ornamental pieces of plate. ‘A <i>peece</i> of +wyne’ occurs in <i>Ladye Bessiye</i>, Percy Folio, Ballads & +Romances, vol. iii., and in the Percy Society’s edition. John Lord +Nevill of Raby, in 1383, bequeaths 48 silver salt-cellars ... 32 +<i>peces</i>, 48 spoons, 8 chargers, 27 jugs, &c. <i>Domestic +Architecture</i>, ii. 66. ‘<i>Diota.</i> Horat. Any drinking +<i>peece</i> having two eares, a two-eared drinking cup.’ +<i>Nomenclator</i> in Nares.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">353</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_7" id="serve_note_7" href="#serve_tag_7">7.</a> +Sewed or served therewith.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_8" id="serve_note_8" href="#serve_tag_8">8.</a> +salted or pickled.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">354</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_9" id="serve_note_9" href="#serve_tag_9">9.</a> +? firste. The directions for taking-away seem repeated here, unless +these second ones apply only to the spoons, napkins, &c. The cups +are wanted for dessert.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_10" id="serve_note_10" href="#serve_tag_10">10.</a> +crumb-brushes were not then invented.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">355</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_11" id="serve_note_11" href="#serve_tag_11">11.</a> +Fr. <i>ferial</i>, of or belonging to a holyday. <i>Vn ferial +beuveur</i>, a square drinker, a faithfull drunkard; one that will take +his liquor soundly. Cotgrave. <i>Feries</i>, Holydaies, feastiuall +daies, properly such holydaies as Monday and Tuesday in Easter week, +&c. Cot.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_12" id="serve_note_12" href="#serve_tag_12">12.</a> +So “Apples and Cheese scraped with Sugar and Sage” at the end of the +Second Course of the Dinner at the Marriage of Roger Rockley & +Elizabeth Nevile, daughter of Sir John Nevile, the 14th of January in +the 17th year of Henry the VIIIth. (<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> 1526.) <i>Forme of Cury</i>, p. 174.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_13" id="serve_note_13" href="#serve_tag_13">13.</a> +Wardens are baking pears; costards, apples.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">356</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_14" id="serve_note_14" href="#serve_tag_14">14.</a> +I do not suppose that each guest retired to his own bed-room, but to the +general withdrawing-room,—possibly used as a general bed-room +also, when the Hall had ceased to be it. “The <i>camera</i> usually +contained a bed, and the ordinary furniture of a bed-chamber; but it +must be remembered that it still answered the purpose of a parlour or +sitting-room, the bed being covered over during the daytime with a +handsome coverlid, as is still the custom in France & other foreign +countries to this day.”—<i>Domestic Architecture</i>, iii. +94-5.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_15" id="serve_note_15" href="#serve_tag_15">15.</a> +See <i>Ioncate</i> in Index, and <a class="external" href="#nurture_line_82">Russell, l. 82</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_16" id="serve_note_16" href="#serve_tag_16">16.</a> +See <a class="external" href="#nurture_line_75">Russell, +l. 75</a>, and, for wines, <a class="external" href="#nurture_line_117">l. 117</a>, and <a class="external" href="#nurture_linenote_118">notes +p. 86-91</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">357</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_17" id="serve_note_17" href="#serve_tag_17">17.</a> +There must be some omission here. See <a class="external" href="#nurture_line_409">Russell, l. 409</a>, and W. de +Worde, pp. 161, 163.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_18" id="serve_note_18" href="#serve_tag_18">18.</a> +See <a class="external" href="#nurture_line_400">Russell, l. 403</a>. Wynkyn de +Worde, p. 161, directs the swan to be carved like the goose is, on +p. 163.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_19" id="serve_note_19" href="#serve_tag_19">19.</a> +See <a class="external" href="#nurture_line_428">Russell, l. 427-32</a>; Wynkyn de +Worde, <a href="#keruyng_carve_quail">p. 162</a>. +<i>Rere</i> is cut off.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_20" id="serve_note_20" href="#serve_tag_20">20.</a> +that is, the crane.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_21" id="serve_note_21" href="#serve_tag_21">21.</a> +See <a class="external" href="#nurture_tag_86">Russell, +l. 431 and note</a>; W. de Worde, p. 159, l. 5; +p. 162.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_22" id="serve_note_22" href="#serve_tag_22">22.</a> +<a class="external" href="#nurture_line_422">Russell, +l. 422</a>; Wynkyn de Worde, p. 162, p. 164, +l. 20.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_23" id="serve_note_23" href="#serve_tag_23">23.</a> +Borage is a favourite flavouring for cups and other drinks.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_24" id="serve_note_24" href="#serve_tag_24">24.</a> +<a class="external" href="#nurture_line_421">Russell, +l. 421</a>; Wynkyn de Worde, p. 162.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">358</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_25" id="serve_note_25" href="#serve_tag_25">25.</a> +<a class="external" href="#nurture_line_421">Russell, +l. 421</a>; Wynkyn de Worde, p. 162.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_26" id="serve_note_26" href="#serve_tag_26">26.</a> +Fr. <i>aile</i>, wing; but <i>ailer</i>, to give wings unto. +Cotgrave.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_27" id="serve_note_27" href="#serve_tag_27">27.</a> +<a class="external" href="#nurture_line_397">Russell, +l. 397</a>, l. 417; W. de Worde, p. 161.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_28" id="serve_note_28" href="#serve_tag_28">28.</a> +<a class="external" href="#nurture_line_437">Russell, +l. 437</a>; W. de Worde, p. 162.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_29" id="serve_note_29" href="#serve_tag_29">29.</a> +<a class="external" href="#nurture_line_416">Russell, +l. 417</a>; Wynkyn de Worde, pp. 161, 164.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_30" id="serve_note_30" href="#serve_tag_30">30.</a> +See the carol from the Porkington MS., “The Boris hede furste,” in +<i>Reliq. Ant.</i> vol. ii., and above, <a href="#boris">p. 264*</a>, and <a href="#boars_head">p. 388</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_31" id="serve_note_31" href="#serve_tag_31">31.</a> +hedged or edged.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_32" id="serve_note_32" href="#serve_tag_32">32.</a> +The verse is written as prose.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_33" id="serve_note_33" href="#serve_tag_33">33.</a> +on</p> + +<span class="pagenum">359</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_34" id="serve_note_34" href="#serve_tag_34">34.</a> +Here is the Recipe in <i>Household Ordinances</i>, &c., p. 455, +for “Viande Riall for xl. Mess:”</p> + +<p>Take a galone of vernage, and sethe hit into iij. quartes, and take a +pynte therto, and two pounde of sugre, ii lb. of chardekoynes [quinces? +‘Quynce, a frute, <i>pomme de quoyn</i><ins class="mycorr" title="close quote missing">’, </ins>Palsgrave], a pounde of paste-roiale, and +let hit sethe untyl a galone of vernage. Take the yolkes of 60 eyren, +and bete hom togeder, and drawe hom thurgh a straynour, and in the +settynge doune of the fyre putte the ȝolkes therto, and a pynte of water +of ewrose, and a quartrone of pouder of gynger, and dresse hit in +dysshes plate, and take a barre of golde foyle, and another of sylver +foyle, and laye hom on Seint Andrews crosse wyse above the potage; and +then take sugre plate or gynger plate, or paste royale, and kutte hom of +losenges, and plante hom in the voide places betweene the barres: and +serve hit forthe.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_35" id="serve_note_35" href="#serve_tag_35">35.</a> +Leyse Damask. Leland, Coll. iv. p. 226; Leche Damaske, ibid. vi. p. +5; in <i>Forme of Cury</i>, p. 141.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_36" id="serve_note_36" href="#serve_tag_36">36.</a> +? Fr. <i>seoir</i>, to sit.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_37" id="serve_note_37" href="#serve_tag_37">37.</a> +Written as prose, which it is.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_38" id="serve_note_38" href="#serve_tag_38">38.</a> +? welkis.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_39" id="serve_note_39" href="#serve_tag_39">39.</a> +Roches or Loches in Egurdouce. <i>H. Ord.</i> p. 469.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_40" id="serve_note_40" href="#serve_tag_40">40.</a> +See the Recipe for it, <a class="external" href="#nurture_note_99">p. 32, note <sup>2</sup></a>; and in +<i>Household Ordinances</i>, p. 450.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_41" id="serve_note_41" href="#serve_tag_41">41.</a> +flaunes ? see <a href="#keruyng_note_flawn">p. 173</a>; or +<i>chese-freynes</i> for cheese-cakes.</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_42" id="serve_note_42" href="#serve_tag_42">42.</a> +Were the cheese and cake meant as a symbol of the Groaning Cake & +Cheese (so called in allusion to the mother’s complaints at her +delivery) mentioned by Brand, <i>Pop. Ant.</i> ii. 44, ed. 1841, or was +the cake the wedding-cake?</p> + +<span class="pagenum">360</span> + +<p><a name="serve_note_43" id="serve_note_43" href="#serve_tag_43">43.</a> +? must get a baby: or is <i>ye</i> = <i>I</i>?</p> + +<p><a name="serve_note_44" id="serve_note_44" href="#serve_tag_44">44.</a> +sheep. </p> +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<p class="center"> +[<i>Postscript, added after the Index had been printed.</i>]</p> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">361</span> +<a name="page361" id="page361"> </a> +<!-- png 485 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="suffer" id="suffer"> +<img src="images/page361header.png" width="217" height="23" +alt="Suffer, & hold your tongue." +title="Suffer, & hold your tongue."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[Balliol MS. 354, ffl ij Cxv, or leaf 231.]</p> + +<div class="mynote"> +<p>This selection contains two unusual characters:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +—paired final “l” joined by a tilde-like line, shown here as łł +because the more accurate form l͠l is likely to display incorrectly +or not at all</p> +<p class="inset"> +—final “m” with a round flourish, shown here as m̑ although the +actual curve is much larger</p> +</div> + +<p class="smaller"> +On the subject of this song, compare, among many others, “Whate-ever +thow sey, avyse thee welle,” above, p. 244; “I hold hym wyse and +wel i-tauȝt, Can ber an horn and blow it nauȝt,” in the Percy Society’s +Songs and Carols, p. 23. Lydgate’s “Lyke thyn Audience, so vttyr +thy Langage,” in my <i>Polit. Rel. & Love Poems</i>, p. 25; +&c.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p class="in2">he is wise, so most I goo,</p> +<p class="in2">that cañ be mery, & suffer woo.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Be mery, & suffer, as I thé vise.</p> +<p>wher-eu<i>er</i> thow sytt or rise,</p> +<p>be wełł ware whom̑ thow dispise.</p> +<p class="in2"><i>thou</i> shalt kysse who is thy ffoo.</p> +<p class="in2">he is wise, so most I goo,</p> +<p class="in2">that cañ be mery, & suffer woo.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Beware to whom̑ <i>tho</i>u spek<i>e</i> thy wiłł,</p> +<p>ffor thy speche may greve thé yłł;</p> +<p>here & see, & goo than stiłł;</p> +<p class="in2">but wełł is he <i>that</i> can do soo.</p> +<p class="in2">he is wise, so most I goo,</p> +<p class="in2">that cañ be mery, & suffer woo.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Many a ma<i>n</i> holdyth hy<i>m</i> so stowght,</p> +<p>what-so-eu<i>er</i> he thynk<i>e</i>, he seyth it owt;</p> +<p>but if he loke wełł a-bowt,</p> +<p class="in2">his tonge may be his most ffoo.</p> +<p class="in2">he is wise, so most I goo,</p> +<p class="in2">that cañ be mery, & suffer woo.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Be mery now, is ałł my songe;</p> +<p><i>the</i> wise ma<i>n</i> tawght both old & yonge,</p> +<p>‘who ca<i>n</i> suffer & hold his tonge,</p> +<p class="in2">he may be mery, & no-thyng woo.’</p> +<p class="in2">he is wise, so most I goo,</p> +<p class="in2">that cañ be mery, & suffer woo.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Yff any mañ displese thé owght,</p> +<p>Suffer w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a mery thowght,</p> +<p>let care away, & greve <i>the</i>e nowght,</p> +<p class="in2">& shake thy lappe, & lat it go.</p> +<p class="in2">he is wise, so most I goo,</p> +<p class="in2">that cañ be mery, & suffer woo.</p> +</div> + +<p class="center"> +Explicit.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">362</span> +<a name="page362" id="page362"> </a> +<!-- png 486 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="houshold" id="houshold"> +<img src="images/page362header.png" width="344" height="72" +alt="The Houshold Stuff occupied at the / Lord Mayor’s Feast, a.d. 1505." +title="The Houshold Stuff occupied at the / Lord Mayor’s Feast, a.d. 1505."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>Balliol MS.</i> 354, <i>ffl</i> C iii. <i>All the final</i> ll’s +<i>are crossed in the MS.</i>]</p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<p class="inset"> +here ffolowith suche howshold stuff as must ned<i>is</i> be ocupied at +<i>th</i>e mayres fest yerely kepte at <i>th</i>e yelde hall.</p> + +<p>ffirst, v diap<i>er</i> table clothes // iiij Cowchers<a class="tag" name="hous_tag_1" id="hous_tag_1" href="#hous_note_1">1</a> +of playñ clothe // iiij longe towell<i>is</i> of dyap<i>er</i> // +Ite<i>m</i> x +<span class="sidenote"> +nap<i>er</i>y</span> +doz napkyns / It<i>em</i> ij doz Ewry towell<i>is</i>. It<i>em</i> viij +shet<i>is</i> for coberde clothes // It<i>em</i> a doz +cou<i>er</i>-payns<a class="tag" name="hous_tag_2" id="hous_tag_2" +href="#hous_note_2">2</a> ffor wafere.</p> + +<h5>¶ Receyte for ypocras.</h5> + +<p>¶ Item Cynamo<i>n</i> x ll / Gyng<i>er</i> iiij ll / Grayns j ll / +Sug<i>er</i> iiij ll //</p> + +<h5>¶ Butlers towell<i>is</i>.</h5> + +<p>¶ xxxvj butlers towell<i>is</i>, <i>th</i>e length of a towell an ell +<i>& a half</i><a class="tag" name="hous_tag_3" id="hous_tag_3" href="#hous_note_3">3</a> // & q<i>uar</i>t<i>er</i> +brode / <i>tha</i>t is, iiij towell<i>is</i> of an ell <i>& a +half</i>,<a class="tag" href="#hous_note_3">3</a> of ell brode +clothe.</p> + +<h5>¶ ffor <i>th</i>e mayres offessers.</h5> + +<p>¶ ffirst ffor sewers & carwers / iiij towell<i>is</i> of fyne +clothe, ij ell<i>is</i> longe, & half a yarde brode, <i>summa</i> +iiij ell<i>is</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">363</span> +<a name="page363" id="page363"> </a> +<!-- png 487 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +ffl C iij back</span> + +<h5>ffor drawers of ale & wyne.</h5> + +<p>viij apurns, s<i>u</i>m<i>ma</i> viij ell<i>is</i> ¶ It<i>em</i> x +portpayns to bere in brede/ ¶ s<i>um</i>ma xxxviij ell<i>is</i>.</p> + +<h5>¶ wyne.</h5> + +<p>Rede wyne, a tonne / Claret wyne, a pipe; whit wyne, a +hogg<i>is</i>hede / ypocras xl. galons.</p> + +<h5>¶ Brede.</h5> + +<p>viij quarters of chet brede / In ma<i>n</i>chettis vij<sup>s</sup><a +class="tag" name="hous_tag_4" id="hous_tag_4" href="#hous_note_4">4</a> In tre<i>n</i>char brede viij<sup>s</sup> / In ob<a +class="tag" name="hous_tag_5" id="hous_tag_5" href="#hous_note_5">5</a> brede iiij; It<i>e</i>m in wafers ix<sup>xx</sup> +messe<a class="tag" name="hous_tag_6" id="hous_tag_6" href="#hous_note_6">6</a> / & <i>th</i>e waferer must brynge +Cou<i>er</i>payns for to s<i>er</i>ue owt his wafers.</p> + +<h5>¶ Ale pott<i>is</i> & Tappis.</h5> + +<p>xxviij barrell<i>is</i> ale / Ertheñ pott<i>is</i> for wyne & ale +lx doz // pychars xij doz / ij doz stenys<a class="tag" name="hous_tag_7" id="hous_tag_7" href="#hous_note_7">7</a> It<i>em</i> +viij C assheñ cuppis / iiij doz tappis.</p> + +<h5>¶ plate.</h5> + +<p>It<i>e</i>m iiij doz stondyng Cuppis / xxiiij doz boll<i>is</i> +It<i>em</i> v doz salt<i>is</i>: xl doz spones / ij doz gilt sponys / + +<span class="pagenum">364</span> +<a name="page364" id="page364"> </a> +<!-- png 488 --> + +xviij basons w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ewers / a payy<i>er</i> of gilt basons +// xx silu<i>er</i> pott<i>is</i>.</p> + +<p class="center">Explic<i>i</i>t <i>th</i>e butlers charge<br> +<i>tha</i>t he must spek<i>e</i> ffor.</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<h5>pewt<i>er</i> at the feste</h5> + +<p>ffirst i<i>n</i> platters gret & small xij<sup>xx</sup> x +doze<i>n</i><a class="tag" name="hous_tag_8" id="hous_tag_8" href="#hous_note_8">8</a></p> +<p>It<i>e</i>m dyshis gret & small—xij<sup>xx</sup> x +doz<i>en</i><a class="tag" href="#hous_note_8">8</a></p> +<p>It<i>em</i> i<i>n</i> saws<i>er</i>s gret & small +xij<sup>xx</sup> x doz<i>en</i><a class="tag" href="#hous_note_8">8</a></p> +<p>It<i>em</i> i<i>n</i> chargers gret & small x doz<i>en</i></p> + +<h5>At <i>th</i>e gyvyng vp of <i>th</i>e verder of <i>th</i>e wardmot +Inquest<i>is</i> aft<i>er</i> xij<sup>th</sup> day.</h5> + +<p>In dishis xx doz<i>en</i> // In plat<i>er</i>s x doz<i>en</i> //</p> +<p>In saws<i>er</i>s iij doz<i>en</i> // In chargers j doz<i>en</i></p> + +<h5>ffor the wacche at mydsomer</h5> + +<p>In platt<i>er</i>s xij doz<i>en</i> // In dyshes xxiiij +doz<i>en</i></p> + +<h5>all this was i<i>n th</i>e tyme of Iohñ wyngar, mayre of +london.</h5> + +<p>for <i>th</i>e hire viij<sup>d</sup> <i>th</i>e garnyshe of +pew<i>ter</i></p> + +</div> <!-- end div prose --> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p>Lord Mayor Whyngar was Richard Hill’s master. On ffl C lxxvj of the +MS. is the entry, “Iste liber p<i>er</i>tineth Rycardo Hill, +s<i>er</i>uant w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> M<i>aster</i> Wyng<i>er</i> +ald<i>er</i>ma<i>n</i> of londo<i>n</i>.”</p> + +<p>At the back of ffl ijC xx of the MS., in the list of Mayres & +Sheryff<i>is</i>, is this entry:</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="formatted text"> +<tr> +<td width="40%">[1]505 Johñ Wyngar</td> +<td class="bracket lft"> +Roger Acheley<br> +Will<i>ia</i>m brown</td> +<td class="middle" width="30%">A<sup>o</sup> xx<sup>o</sup></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> </td> +<td class="center" colspan="2"> +(Kyng Henry the vij<sup>th</sup>).</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="hous_note_1" id="hous_note_1" href="#hous_tag_1">1.</a> +Cp. <a class="external" href="#nurture_line_184">Russell, l. 187</a>, +p. 13.</p> + +<p><a name="hous_note_2" id="hous_note_2" href="#hous_tag_2">2.</a> +See Russell’s <i>portpayne</i>, l. 262, p. 17.</p> + +<p><a name="hous_note_3" id="hous_note_3" href="#hous_tag_3">3.</a> MS. ell d.</p> + +<p><a name="hous_note_4" id="hous_note_4" href="#hous_tag_4">4.</a> +I suppose this and the following s’es to mean <i>shillings</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="hous_note_5" id="hous_note_5" href="#hous_tag_5">5.</a> <i>ob</i> bred is ha’penny bread. On ffl C xviij of +the MS. is</p> + +<p class="center"> +The Assise of Bred with-in London.</p> + +<p class="right"> +The q<i>uar</i>t<i>er</i> whet at iij<sup>s</sup> // aft<i>er</i> +v<sup>s</sup>.</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="cose of bread"> +<tr> +<td class="inset">The fferdyng whit loff coket /</td> +<td>xvij oz & d [=½] & ob weight *</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>The ob [ha’penny] whit loff</td> +<td>xxxv vnc<i>is</i> & j d weight</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>The q<sup>a</sup>† symnell</td> +<td>xv oz ij d ob in weight</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>The ob whet loff</td> +<td>lij oz d. & j d ob weight</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>The peny whet loff</td> +<td>Cv oz d & q<i>uar</i>t<i>er</i> & ob weight</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>The ob lof of all graynes</td> +<td>lxx oz & ij d weight</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p>* Half a pennyweight.</p> + +<p>† ? <i>quadranta</i>, farthing.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="hous_note_6" id="hous_note_6" href="#hous_tag_6">6.</a> +ix <sup>xx</sup> = 9 × 20, = 180. <i>messe</i> may be <i>in effe</i>: +the long s’es are crossed like f’s.</p> + +<p><a name="hous_note_7" id="hous_note_7" href="#hous_tag_7">7.</a> +<i>Stean</i>, a stone vessel. ‘A great pot or <i>stean</i>,’ Hollyband’s +Dictionarie, 1593. Halliwell.</p> + +<p><a name="hous_note_8" id="hous_note_8" href="#hous_tag_8">8.</a> +? (12 × 20 + 10)12 = 3000.</p> + +</div> + +</div> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">365</span> +<a name="page365" id="page365"> </a> +<!-- png 489 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="ordre" id="ordre"> +<img src="images/page365header.png" width="289" height="33" +alt="The ordre of goyng or sittyng." +title="The ordre of goyng or sittyng."> +</a><a class="tag" name="ordre_tag_1" id="ordre_tag_1" href="#ordre_note_1">1</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>Balliol MS.</i> 354, <i>ffl</i> C lxxxxi, <i>or leaf</i> 203, +<i>back.</i>]</p> + +<table class="names" summary="list of ranks"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="texttag">A pope hath no pere</span><br> +An emprowr<i>e</i> A-lone<br> +A kyng A-lone<br> +An high cardynall<br> +A p<i>ri</i>nce, A kyng<i>is</i> son<br> +A duk<i>e</i> of blod royall<br> +A busshop<br> +A markes<br> +An erle<br> +A vycownt<br> +A legate<br> +A baroñ<br> +An abbot mytered<br> +the ij cheff Iugys<br> +<i>th</i>e mayre of londoñ<br> +<i>th</i>e chif baroñ of <i>th</i>e cheker //<br> +An Abbot w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out myt<i>er</i><br> +A knyght<br> +A pryour<i>e</i> +</td> +<td> +A deañe<br> +An Arche-dekoñ<br> +<i>th</i>e M<i>aste</i>r of <i>th</i>e rollis<br> +<i>th</i>e vnder Iugis<br> +<i>th</i>e vnd<i>er</i> barons of <i>th</i>e cheker<br> +the mayre of caleis<br> +A p<i>ro</i>vyncyall<br> +A doct<i>ur</i> of diuinite<br> +A p<i>ro</i>thonotory ys <span class="texttag">boue</span><br> +the popes <span class="texttag">colectour</span><br> +A doct<i>ur</i> of both lawes<br> +A s<i>er</i>geant of lawe<br> +the M<i>aste</i>rs of cha<i>n</i>nsery<br> +A p<i>er</i>soñ of Chyrche<br> +A seculer prest<br> +A marchañt<br> +A gentylmañ<br> +An Artificer<br> +A yema<i>n</i> of good name<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p class="textnote"> +<i>... no pere</i>] This is struck through with a heavy black-line.<br> +<i>boue</i>] Last letter blotched.<br> +<i>colectour</i>] Struck through with several thin lines.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="ordre_note_1" id="ordre_note_1" href="#ordre_tag_1">1.</a> +Compare with Russell, p. 70-71, and Wynkyn de Worde, p. 170-1. It +differs little from them.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">366</span> +<a name="page366" id="page366"> </a> +<!-- png 490 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="graces" id="graces"> +<img src="images/page366header.png" width="131" height="29" +alt="Latin Graces." title="Latin Graces."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +(<i>From the Balliol MS.</i> 354, <i>leaf</i> 2.)</p> + +<p class="smaller"> +[“These graces are the usual ones still said in all colleges and +religious communities abroad, and are for some part those given at the +end of each of the four volumes into which our Roman Breviaries for the +year are divided. As a youth, while studying at Rome, I used to +hear them in our hall; and, knowing them by heart, never found them too +long.”—Daniel Rock, D.D.]</p> + +<div class="prose"> + +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>A general Grace.</i></span> + +<h5>The grace <i>tha</i>t shuld be said affore mete & aft<i>er</i> +mete/ałł the tymes in the yere.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The eyes of all wait upon thee, O Lord.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +Benedicite; do<i>mi</i>n<i>u</i>s. Oculi o<i>mn</i>i<i>u</i>m i<i>n</i> +te spera<i>n</i>t, domine / et tu das esca<i>m</i> illor<i>um</i> +i<i>n</i> tempore oportuno. Aperis tu manu<i>m</i> tua<i>m</i> / & +Imples omne A<i>n</i>i<i>m</i>al +b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicc<i>i</i>o<i>n</i>e.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Glory be to the Father, &c.</span> + +<p><b>G</b>loria p<i>a</i>tri & filio: & sp<i>irit</i>ui +s<i>an</i>cto. Sicut erat i<i>n</i> pri<i>n</i>cipio, & nu<i>n</i>c, +et se<i>m</i>p<i>er</i>: & i<i>n</i> secula +s<i>e</i>c<i>u</i>lor<i>um</i>. +<span class="sidenote"> +Lord, have mercy upon us.</span> +Ame<i>n</i>. kyrieleyson, <i>christ</i>eleyson, kyrieleyson: +pat<i>er</i> n<i>oste</i>r. Et ne nos: Sed libera nos: Oremus.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Lord, bless us.</span> + +<p><b>B</b><i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dic, domine, nos, & dona tua que de tua +largitate sum<i>us</i> sumpturi / per / <b>I</b>ube d<i>omi</i>ne +b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicere.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Make us partakers of the heavenly table.</span> + +<p><b>M</b>ense celest<i>is</i> p<i>ar</i>ticipes faciat nos Rex +et<i>er</i>ne glorie / Ame<i>n</i> / <b>D</b>eus caritas e<i>st</i>: +& q<i>u</i>i manet in aritate, i<i>n</i> deo manet, & deus +i<i>n</i> eo: Sit de<i>us</i> in nobis, & nos maneam<i>us</i> in +ipso. Amen.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Grace after Dinner.</i></span> + +<h5>post pra<i>n</i>diu<i>m</i>.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +May the God of peace be with us!</span> + +<p><b>D</b>eus pacis & dileccio<i>n</i>is maneat +se<i>m</i>p<i>er</i> nobiscu<i>m</i>: Tu aut<i>em</i>, d<i>omi</i>ne, +miserere n<i>ost</i>ri: Deo gr<i>aci</i>as / <b>C</b>onfiteant<i>u</i>r +t<i>ib</i>i, d<i>omi</i>ne, o<i>mn</i>ia tua. Et s<i>an</i>cti tui +b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dica<i>n</i>t +<span class="sidenote"> +We thank thee, O Lord, for thy benefits.</span> +tibi / Glo<i>r</i>ia: <b>A</b>gim<i>us</i> t<i>ib</i>i gr<i>aci</i>as, +o<i>mn</i>ipote<i>n</i>s de<i>us</i>, p<i>ro</i> vniu<i>er</i>sis +b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>ficijs tuis. Qui viuis & regnas de<i>us</i>: +P<i>er</i> o<i>mn</i>ia secula seculor<i>um</i>: Amen.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">367</span> +<a name="page367" id="page367"> </a> +<!-- png 491 --> + +<p><b>L</b>audate d<i>omi</i>n<i>u</i>m, o<i>mn</i>es ge<i>n</i>tes: +laudate eu<i>m</i>, o<i>mn</i>es populi. Q<i>uonia</i>m +co<i>n</i>firmata est sup<i>er</i> nos mi<i>sericordi</i>a +<span class="sidenote"> +Lord, have mercy upon us!</span> +eius: & veritas d<i>omi</i>ni manet i<i>n</i> et<i>er</i>nu<i>m</i>. +Gloria +<span class="sidenote"> +Christ, have mercy upon us!</span> +p<i>at</i>ri: Sicut erat: kyrieleyson, <i>christ</i>eleyso<i>n</i>, +kirieleyson / <b>P</b><i>ate</i>r <i>nost</i>er / Et ne nos. S<i>ed</i> +libera.</p> + +<p><b>D</b>isp<i>er</i>sit, dedit pauperibus: <b>I</b>usticia eius manet +i<i>n</i> +<span class="sidenote"> +I will bless the Lord alway.</span> +seculu<i>m</i> s<i>e</i>c<i>u</i>li: +<b>B</b><i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dica<i>m</i> d<i>omi</i>n<i>u</i>m i<i>n</i> +o<i>mn</i>i te<i>m</i>pore: Se<i>m</i>per laus ei<i>us</i> i<i>n</i> ore +meo: <b>I</b>n d<i>omi</i>no laudabitur a<i>n</i>i<i>m</i>a mea: Audiant +ma<i>n</i>sueti, & letent<i>u</i>r: <b>M</b>agnificate +d<i>omi</i>n<i>u</i>m mecu<i>m</i>. Et +<span class="sidenote text"> +MS. exultem<i>us</i>.</span> + +<span class="texttag">exaltem<i>us</i></span> nome<i>n</i> ei<i>us</i> +i<i>n</i> id +<span class="sidenote"> +May the name of the Lord be blessed for ever!</span> +ip<i>su</i>m: <b>S</b>it nomen d<i>omi</i>ni +b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dictu<i>m</i>: Ex hoc nu<i>n</i>c & vsq<i>ue</i> +i<i>n</i> s<i>e</i>c<i>u</i>l<i>u</i>m: Oremus: <b>R</b>etribuere +dignare, d<i>omi</i>ne deus, o<i>mn</i>ib<i>us</i> nobis bona +ffacientib<i>us</i> p<i>ro</i>pt<i>er</i> nome<i>n</i> sanct<i>u</i>m, +tuu<i>m</i>, vita<i>m</i> et<i>er</i>nam: Amen: +B<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicamus +<span class="sidenote"> +Hail, Queen of Heaven,</span> +d<i>omi</i>no: Deo gra<i>cia</i>s. <b>A</b>ue regina celor<i>um</i>, +<span class="sidenote"> +flower of virgins! pray thy Son to save the faithful!</span> +mat<i>er</i> reg<i>is</i> angelor<i>um</i>: O maria, flos +v<i>er</i>ginu<i>m</i>, velut rosa vel liliu<i>m</i>, fu<i>n</i>de +p<i>re</i>ces ad filiu<i>m</i> p<i>ro</i> salute fideliu<i>m</i>. Aue +maria. <b>M</b>erit<i>is</i> & p<i>re</i>cib<i>us</i> sue pie +matris, b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicat nos fili<i>us</i> dei p<i>at</i>ris / +Ame<i>n</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Grace on Fish-Days.</i></span> + +<h5>On ffisshe days.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The poor shall eat and be satisfied.</span> + +<p><b>B</b><i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicite; d<i>omi</i>n<i>u</i>s. Ede<i>n</i>t +pauperes, & saturabu<i>n</i>t<i>u</i>r: et laudabu<i>n</i>t +d<i>omi</i>num q<i>u</i>i requiru<i>n</i>t eu<i>m</i>; + +<span class="sidenote"> +Glory be to the Father, &c.</span> +viue<i>n</i>t corda eor<i>um</i> in s<i>e</i>c<i>u</i>l<i>u</i>m +s<i>e</i>c<i>u</i>li: Gl<i>or</i>ia p<i>at</i>ri. Sicut erat &c. +kyrieleyson. <i>christ</i>eleyson / kyrieleyson / p<i>at</i>er +n<i>ost</i>er. Et ne nos: S<i>ed</i> libera: Orem<i>us</i>: +<b>B</b>enedic d<i>omi</i>ne: <b>I</b>ube d<i>omi</i>ne: <b>C</b>ibo +sp<i>irit</i>ualis alimonie reficiat +<span class="sidenote"> +The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ</span> +nos rex eterne glorie / Ame<i>n</i>. <b>G</b>racia d<i>omi</i>ni nostri +Ih<i>es</i>u <i>christ</i>i, & caritas dei, & +co<i>m</i>municacio s<i>an</i>cti +<span class="sidenote"> +be with us all.</span> +sp<i>irit</i>us sit semp<i>er</i> cu<i>m</i> o<i>mn</i>ib<i>us</i> +nobis. Ame<i>n</i> / & in +<span class="sidenote"> +<i>In Lent.</i></span> + +<span class="sidenote">Break thy bread to the hungry, and take the +wanderer to thy home.</span> +lent leve / Gr<i>aci</i>a d<i>omi</i>ni // & say // <b>F</b>range +esurienti pane<i>m</i> tuu<i>m</i>, & egenos vagosq<i>u</i>e induc +i<i>n</i> domu<i>m</i> tua<i>m</i>: cu<i>m</i> videris nudu<i>m</i> +operi eu<i>m</i>. [et c]arne<i>m</i> tua<i>m</i> ne despexeris: ait +d<i>omi</i>nus o<i>mni</i>pote[ns].</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Grace after Dinner.</i></span> + +<h5>Grace aft<i>er</i> dyner<i>e</i>.</h5> + +<p><b>D</b>eus paci[s &c. +<span class="sidenote text"> +Only half the ã is left.</span> + +<span class="texttag">Memori]a<i>m</i></span> fecit mirabiliu<i>m</i> +suoru<i>m</i> + +<span class="pagenum">368</span> +<a name="page368" id="page368"> </a> +<!-- png 492 --> + +misericors & [miserator d<i>omi</i>n<i>u</i>]s; esca<i>m</i> dedit +time<i>n</i>tib<i>us</i> se. Gloria. Sic[ut erat, &c.]</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Four Short Graces.</i></span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +1. <i>Before Dinner.</i></span> + +<h5>Short g<i>r</i>ace affore dyn<i>er</i>.</h5> + +<p><b>B</b><i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicite; + +<span class="sidenote text"> +An inch of the MS. broken away.</span> + +<span class="texttag">d<i>omi</i>n<i>u</i>[s]. ....</span> Apponenda +b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicat dei dextera. [In nomine patris &] filii +& sp<i>irit</i>us s<i>anc</i>ti / ame<i>n</i>.</p> + +<p class="null"> </p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +[leaf 2, back.]</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +2. <i>After Meals.</i></span> + +<h5>Shorte grace aft<i>er</i> dyn<i>er</i> / & aft<i>er</i> +sop<i>er</i> / bothe.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Bless the Lord for this meal.</span> + +<p><b>P</b>ro tali co<i>n</i>uiuio b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicam<i>us</i> +d<i>omi</i>no: Deo gr<i>aci</i>as. <b>M</b>at<i>er</i>, ora +filiu<i>m</i> vt post hoc exiliu<i>m</i> nobis donet +<span class="sidenote"> +Mary, pray for us!</span> +gaudiu<i>m</i> sine fine. <b>A</b>ue maria: / Oremus. Meritis & +p<i>re</i>cibus.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +3. <i>Before Supper.</i></span> + +<h5>Grace affore sop<i>er</i>.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +MS. Benedictus, <i>altered to</i> Benedicite.</span> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Giver of all, sanctify this supper.</span> + +<p><span class="texttag"><b>B</b>enedicite</span>; +d<i>omi</i>n<i>u</i>s: Cena<i>m</i> sa<i>n</i>ctificet q<i>u</i>i nobis +o<i>mn</i>ia prebet: In no<i>m</i>i<i>n</i>e p<i>at</i>ris.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +4. <i>After Supper.</i></span> + +<h5>¶ Grace aft<i>er</i> soper.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Lord is holy in all his works.</span> + +<p><b>B</b>enedict<i>u</i>s deus in donis suis: Et s<i>an</i>ctus in +o<i>mn</i>ib<i>us</i> operib<i>us</i> suis / <b>A</b>diutoriu<i>m</i> +n<i>ost</i>r<i>u</i>m i<i>n</i> no<i>m</i>i<i>n</i>e d<i>omi</i>ni: + +<span class="sidenote"> +Blessed be the name of the Lord.</span> +Qui fecit celu<i>m</i> et t<i>er</i>ra<i>m</i>. Sit nome<i>n</i> +d<i>omi</i>ni b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dictu<i>m</i> / Ex hoc nu<i>n</i>c, et +vsq<i>ue</i> in s<i>e</i>c<i>u</i>l<i>u</i>m / Oremus: Meritis et +p<i>re</i>cib<i>us</i> sue pie matris b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicat nos +fili<i>us</i> dei patris.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>On Easter-Eve.</i></span> + +<h5>¶ <b>I</b>n vigilia pasche.</h5> + +<p><b>B</b><i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicite; d<i>omi</i>n<i>u</i>s. <b>E</b>dent +pauperes &c. <b>G</b>lo<i>r</i>ia +<span class="sidenote"> +Christ, have mercy upon us!</span> +p<i>at</i>ri, Sicut erat: kirieleyson. <i>christ</i>eleyson. +kyrieleyson. P<i>ate</i>r n<i>oste</i>r: Et ne nos. Set libera. +Orem<i>us</i> / Benedic d<i>omi</i>ne: <b>I</b>ube d<i>omi</i>ne +b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicere / <b>C</b>ibo sp<i>irit</i>ualis alimonie & +c<i>etera</i> / leccio / Si co<i>n</i>surrexist<i>is</i> cu<i>m</i> +<i>christo</i>, +<span class="sidenote"> +Seek those things that are above.</span> +que sursu<i>m</i> su<i>n</i>t, querite vbi <i>christu</i>s est in +dextera dei sedens.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Grace after Dinner.</i></span> + +<h5>post prandiu<i>m</i>.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +God of Peace,</span> + +<p><b>D</b>eus pacis & dileccionis: <b>M</b>emoria<i>m</i> fecit / +Glo<i>r</i>ia + +<span class="pagenum">369</span> +<a name="page369" id="page369"> </a> +<!-- png 493 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +We give thee thanks, O Lord.</span> +p<i>at</i>ri Sicut erat; <b>A</b>gimus t<i>ib</i>i gracias. +<b>L</b>audate d<i>omin</i>um o<i>mn</i>es gentes: Q<i>uonia</i>m +co<i>n</i>firma[ta]: Glo<i>r</i>ia p<i>at</i>ri: Sicut erat. +D<i>omi</i>n<i>u</i>s vobiscu<i>m</i>: Et cu<i>m</i> sp<i>irit</i>u tuo. +Orem<i>us</i>/ + +<span class="sidenote"> +Pour into us thy Spirit,</span> +Sp<i>iritu</i>m in nobis, d<i>omi</i>ne, tue caritat<i>is</i> +infu<i>n</i>de, vt quos sacrame<i>n</i>t<i>is</i> paschalib<i>us</i> +saciasti: tua facias pietate co<i>n</i>cordes// + +<span class="sidenote"> +through Jesus Christ our Lord.</span> +Per eu<i>n</i>dem d<i>omin</i>um n<i>ost</i>r<i>u</i>m ih<i>esu</i>m +<i>christu</i>m, filiu<i>m</i> tuu<i>m</i>: q<i>u</i>i tecu<i>m</i> +viuit & regnat i<i>n</i> vnitate eiusdem +sp<i>irit</i>uss<i>an</i>cti, deus / p<i>er</i> o<i>mn</i>ia +s<i>e</i>c<i>u</i>la seculor<i>um</i>. Ame<i>n</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>On Easter-Day.</i></span> + +<h5>¶ <b>I</b>n die pasche.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +This is the day which the Lord hath made: Let us rejoice and be glad in +it.</span> + +<p><b>B</b><i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicite. d<i>omi</i>n<i>us</i>. Hec dies +qua<i>m</i> fecit d<i>omi</i>n<i>us</i>, exultem<i>us</i> & letemur +in ea. Glo<i>r</i>ia p<i>at</i>ri. Sicut: kirieleyso<i>n</i>. +<i>christ</i>eleyson. kyrieleyson: P<i>ate</i>r n<i>oste</i>r / +<span class="sidenote"> +Bless us, O Lord!</span> +Et ne / Orem<i>us</i>. B<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dic d<i>omi</i>ne: <b>I</b>ube +d<i>omi</i>ne b<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicere / <b>M</b>ense celest<i>is</i> +<b>E</b>xpurgate vetus +<span class="sidenote text"> +MS. serme<i>n</i>tum.</span> +<span class="texttag">ferme<i>n</i>tum</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Our passover is slain, even Christ.</span> +vt sitis noua co<i>n</i>sp<i>er</i>sio, sicut estis asimi: Eteni<i>m</i> +pascha n<i>ost</i>r<i>u</i>m i<i>m</i>molatus est <i>christu</i>s, +itaq<i>ue</i> epulemur in domino.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>After Dinner.</i></span> + +<h5>¶ post pra<i>n</i>diu<i>m</i>.</h5> + +<p><b>Q</b>ui dat esca<i>m</i> o<i>mn</i>i carni, co<i>n</i>fitemini deo +celi. <b>T</b>u aute<i>m</i>: <b>L</b>audate d<i>omin</i>um. +Q<i>uonia</i>m co<i>n</i>firmata / Glo<i>r</i>ia +<span class="sidenote"> +Of thy resurrection, Christ, the heavens and the earth are glad.</span> +p<i>at</i>ri. <b>I</b>n resurreccione tua, <i>christ</i>e. Celi & +t<i>er</i>ra lete<i>n</i>t<i>u</i>r / all<i>elui</i>a. Orem<i>us</i>. +Spiritu<i>m</i> in nobis &c<i>etera</i>. <b>P</b><i>er</i> +eu<i>n</i>de<i>m</i>: <b>I</b>n vnitate eiusde<i>m</i>. +B<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicam<i>us</i> domino, +<span class="sidenote"> +Thanks be to God!</span> +deo gracias / ¶ Eode<i>m</i> modo dicit<i>u</i>r p<i>er</i> tota<i>m</i> +ebdomad<i>am</i>. <b>R</b>etribuere.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>Before Supper.</i></span> + +<h5>Ante cenam.</h5> + +<p>B<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicite. d<i>omi</i>n<i>us</i>. cena<i>m</i> +s<i>an</i>ctificet q<i>u</i>i nobis o<i>mn</i>ia p<i>re</i>bet / +<b>I</b>n no<i>m</i>i<i>n</i>e p<i>at</i>ris & filii & +sp<i>irit</i>uss<i>an</i>cti: Ame<i>n</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote head5"> +<i>After Supper.</i></span> + +<h5>¶ post cenam.</h5> + +<span class="sidenote"> +This is the day, &c. Hallelujah.</span> + +<p><b>H</b>ec dies / : / v<i>er</i>s<i>us</i>. <b>I</b>n resurreccione +tua, <i>christ</i>e / Celi & t<i>er</i>ra letent<i>u</i>r. +all<i>elui</i>a. D<i>omi</i>n<i>us</i> vobiscu<i>m</i>: + +<span class="sidenote"> +Let us bless the Lord!</span> +Et cu<i>m</i> sp<i>irit</i>u tuo. Sp<i>iritu</i>m in nobis: +B<i>e</i>n<i>e</i>dicamus d<i>omi</i>no: Deo gr<i>aci</i>as.</p> + +<h5>Explicit.</h5> + +</div> + +<p> </p> + +<span class="pagenum">370<br> +371</span> +<a name="page370" id="page370"> </a> +<!-- png 494 --> + +<a name="page371" id="page371"> </a> +<!-- png 495 --> + +<p>Having thus given the Graces as they stand in the Manuscript, +I add the scheme of them which Mr Bradshaw has had the kindness to +draw out. He says, “Here is a case in which nothing but parallel +arrangement can afford a clue to the apparent confusion. The people who +used these services were so thoroughly accustomed to them, that a word +or two was enough to remind them of what was to follow—sometimes a +whole series of prayers, or verses and responds, or suffrages. If your +object is to give people of the present day an idea of the meaning of +these things, it is almost useless to print them straight as they are in +the MS. Even as I have written them out, <i>inserting</i> nothing +whatever except the names of the speakers in a bracket, you will perhaps +not catch much of the thread. You may remember that at Trinity even now +it takes two people to say what is substantially the same Grace as +this.”</p> + +<table class="graces" summary="four kinds of grace"> +<tr> +<td><p> +<span class="smaller">THE GRACE THAT SHULD BE SAID AFFORE METE AND +AFTER METE ALL THE TYMES IN THE YERE.</span> +<span class="floatright">1.1</span> +</p></td> +<td> +<span class="smaller">ON FISSHE DAYS.</span> +<span class="floatright">1.2</span> +</td> +<td> +<span class="smaller">IN VIGILIA PASCHE.</span> +<span class="floatright">1.3</span> +</td> +<td> +<span class="smaller">IN DIE PASCHE.</span> +<span class="floatright">1.4</span> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicite.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicite.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicite.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicite.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Dominus.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Dominus.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Dominus.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Dominus.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Psalm</i>) Oculi omnium in te sperant, domine: et tu das +escam illorum in tempore oportuno.</p> +<p>Aperis tu manum tuam: et imples omne animal benediccione.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Psalm</i>) Edent pauperes, et saturabuntur, et laudabunt +dominum qui requirunt eum: vivent corda eorum in seculum +seculi.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Psalm</i>) Edent pauperes ....</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Psalm</i>) Hec dies quam fecit dominus: exultemus et letemur +in ea.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>Gloria patri et filio: et spiritui sancto.</p></td> +<td><p>Gloria patri ....</p></td> +<td><p>Gloria patri ....</p></td> +<td><p>Gloria patri ....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>Sicut erat in principio, et nunc, et semper: in secula seculorum. +Amen.</p></td> +<td><p>Sicut erat, &c. ....</p></td> +<td>Sicut erat ....</td> +<td>Sicut erat ....</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="inset"> +<td><p>Kyrieleyson.</p> +<p>Christeleyson.</p> +<p>Kyrieleyson.</p></td> +<td><p>Kyrieleyson.</p> +<p>Christeleyson.</p> +<p>Kyrieleyson.</p></td> +<td><p>Kyrieleyson.</p> +<p>Christeleyson.</p> +<p>Kyrieleyson.</p></td> +<td><p>Kyrieleyson.</p> +<p>Christeleyson.</p> +<p>Kyrieleyson.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>Pater noster .... [i.e. the Lord’s prayer.]</p></td> +<td><p>Pater noster ....</p></td> +<td><p>Pater noster ....</p></td> +<td><p>Pater noster ....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Et ne nos [inducas in tentationem.]</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Et ne nos ....</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Et ne nos ....</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Et ne ....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Sed libera nos [a malo.]</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Sed libera ....</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Sed libera ....</p></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Oremus.</p> +<p>Benedic, domine, nos, et dona tua que de tua largitate sumus +sumpturi. Per [christum dominum nostrum.]</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Oremus.</p> +<p>Benedic domine ....</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Oremus.</p> +<p>Benedic domine ....</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Oremus.</p> +<p>Benedic domine nos ....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>[<i>Resp.</i> Amen.]</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Lector</i>) Iube domine benedicere.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Lector</i>) Iube domine ....</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Lector</i>) Iube domine benedicere.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Lector</i>) Iube domine benedicere.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p><ins class="mycorr" title="open parenthesis invisible">(</ins><i>Sacerdos</i>) Mense celestis participes faciat nos +rex eterne glorie. Amen.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Cibo spiritualis alimonie reficiat nos rex +eterne glorie. Amen.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Cibo spiritualis alimonie, &c.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Mense celestis ....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Lectio</i>) Deus caritas est, et qui manet in caritate, in +deo manet, et deus in eo. Sit deus in nobis, et nos maneamus in +ipso.</p></td> +<td>*(<i>Lectio</i>) Gracia domini nostri ihesu christi, et caritas dei, +et communicatio sancti spiritus, sit semper cum omnibus nobis.</td> +<td><p>(<i>Leccio</i>) Si consurrexistis cum christo, que sursum sunt +querite, ubi christus est in dextera dei sedens.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Lectio</i>) Expurgate vetus fermentum, ut sitis nova +conspersio sicut estis asimi: etenim pascha nostrum immolatus est +christus. Itaque epulemur in domino.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Amen.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Amen.</p></td> +<td>[<i>Resp.</i> Amen.]</td> +<td>[<i>Resp.</i> Amen.]</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="space"> +<td></td> +<td colspan="3"> +<p>* <i>And in lent leve</i> ‘Gracia Domini,’ <i>and say</i>:</p> + +<p>(<i>Lectio</i>) Frange esurienti panem tuum, et egenos vagosque induc +in domum tuam; cum videris nudum, operi eum, et carnem tuam ne +despexeris. Ait dominus omnipotens.</p> +<p>[<i>Resp.</i> Amen.]</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">372<br> +373</span> +<a name="page372" id="page372"> </a> +<!-- png 496 --> + +<a name="page373" id="page373"> </a> +<!-- png 497 --> + +<table class="graces" summary="four kinds of grace"> +<tr> +<td> <br> +<span class="smaller">POST PRANDIUM.</span> +<span class="floatright">2.1</span> +</td> +<td>[<i>On Fish Days.</i>]<br> +<span class="smaller">GRACE AFTER-DYNER.</span> +<span class="floatright">2.2</span> +</td> +<td>[<i>On Easter Eve.</i>]<br> +<span class="smaller">POST PRANDIUM.</span> +<span class="floatright">2.3</span> +</td> +<td>[<i>On Easter Day.</i>]<br> +<span class="smaller">POST PRANDIUM.</span> +<span class="floatright">2.4</span> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Deus pacis et dileccionis maneat semper +nobiscum. Tu autem domine, miserere nostri.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Deus pacis ....</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Deus pacis et dileccionis....</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Qui dat escam omni carni: confitemini deo celi. +Tu autem ....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Deo gracias.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td>[<i>Resp.</i> Deo gracias.]</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Psalm</i>) Confiteantur tibi, domine, omnia tua: et sancti +tui benedicant tibi.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Psalm</i>) [Memoriam] fecit mirabilium suorum misericors, et +miserator dominus: escam dedit timentibus se.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Psalm</i>) Memoriam fecit....</p></td> +<td>....</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>Gloria [patri] ....</p></td> +<td>Gloria .... +<p>Sic[ut erat .... (<i>an inch of the MS. broken away.</i>) +....]</p></td> +<td>Gloria....<br> +Sicut erat....</td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Capitulum</i>) Agimus tibi gracias, omnipotens deus, pro +universis beneficiis tuis, qui vivis et regnas deus per omnia secula +seculorum. amen.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Capitulum</i>) Agimus tibi gracias ....</p></td> +<td>....</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Psalm</i>) Laudate dominum omnes gentes: laudate eum omnes +populi.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Psalm</i>) Laudate dominum omnes gentes....</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Psalm</i>) Laudate dominum....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>Quoniam confirmata est super nos misericordia ejus: et veritas +domini manet in eternum.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Quoniam confirmata....</p></td> +<td><p>Quoniam confirmata....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>Gloria patri ....</p></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Gloria patri....</p></td> +<td><p>Gloria patri....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Sicut erat ....</td> +<td></td> +<td>Sicut erat....</td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="inset"><p>Kyrieleyson.</p> +<p>Christeleyson.</p> +<p>Kyrieleyson.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td>....</td> +<td>....</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>Pater noster ....</p></td> +<td></td> +<td>....</td> +<td>....</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Et ne nos ....</p></td> +<td></td> +<td>....</td> +<td>....</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Sed libera ....</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Dispersit, dedit pauperibus:</p></td> +<td></td> +<td>....</td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) In resurrectione tua, Christe:</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Iustitia ejus manet in seculum seculi.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Celi et terra letentur. alleluia.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicam dominum in omni tempore:</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Semper laus ejus in ore meo.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) In domino laudabitur anima mea:</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Audiant mansueti, et letentur.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Magnificate dominum mecum:</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Et exaltemus nomen ejus in id ipsum.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">374<br> +375</span> +<a name="page374" id="page374"> </a> +<!-- png 498 --> + +<a name="page375" id="page375"> </a> +<!-- png 499 --> + +<table class="graces" summary="four kinds of grace"> +<tr> +<td>[<i>After Dinner.</i>] +<span class="floatright">3.1</span> +</td> +<td>[<i>On Fish Days.</i>] +<span class="floatright">3.2</span> +</td> +<td>[<i>On Easter Eve.</i>] +<span class="floatright">3.3</span> +</td> +<td>[<i>On Easter Day.</i>] +<span class="floatright">3.4</span> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Sit nomen domini benedictum:</p></td> +<td class="inset">[<i>Blank.</i>]</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Ex hoc nunc, et usque in seculum.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>....</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Oremus.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Oremus.</p></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Oremus.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>Retribuere dignare, domine deus, omnibus nobis bona facientibus, +propter nomen sanctum tuum, vitam eternam. amen.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>Spiritum in nobis, domine, tue caritatis infunde, ut quos +sacramentis paschalibus saciasti, tua facias pietate concordes. <i>Per +eundem</i> dominum nostrum ihesum christum, filium tuum, qui tecum vivit +et regnat <i>in unitate</i> ejusdem spiritus sancti, deus per omnia +secula seculorum. amen.</p></td> +<td><p>Spiritum in nobis, &c. Per eundem &c., in +unitate....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicamus domino:</p></td> +<td></td> +<td>....</td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicamus domino:</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Deo gracias.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(Resp.) Deo gracias.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><i>Et eodem modo dicitur per totam ebdomadam.</i></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td>Retribuere....</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td>....</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<p>(<i>Antiphona de sancta maria.</i>)</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<p>Ave regina celorum</p> +<p>Mater regis angelorum</p> +<p>O maria flos verginum</p> +<p>Velut rosa vel lilium</p> +<p>Funde preces ad filium</p> +<p>Pro salute fidelium.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Vers.</i>) Ave Maria....</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Oratio</i>) Meritis et precibus sue pie matris, benedicat nos +filius dei patris. amen.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">376<br> +377</span> +<a name="page376" id="page376"> </a> +<!-- png 500 --> + +<a name="page377" id="page377"> </a> +<!-- png 501 --> + +<table class="graces" summary="four kinds of grace"> +<tr> +<td><p> +<span class="smaller">SHORT GRACE AFFORE DYNER.</span> +<span class="floatright">4.1</span> +</p></td> +<td><p>[<i>On Fish Days.</i>] +<span class="floatright">4.2</span> +</p></td> +<td><p>[<i>On Easter Eve.</i>] +<span class="floatright">4.3</span> +</p></td> +<td><p>[<i>On Easter Day.</i>] +<span class="floatright">4.4</span> +</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicite.</p></td> +<td class="inset">[<i>Blank.</i>]</td> +<td class="inset">[<i>Blank.</i>]</td> +<td class="inset">[<i>Blank.</i>]</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Dominus.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) ... apponenda benedicat dei dextera ... [In +nomine patris et] filii et spiritus sancti. amen.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p> +<span class="smaller">SHORTE GRACE AFTER DYNER & AFTER SOPER +BOTHE.</span> +</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Pro tali convivio benedicamus domino.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Deo gracias.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<p>(<i>Antiphona de sancta maria</i>)</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<p>Mater ora filium</p> +<p>Ut post hoc exilium</p> +<p>Nobis donet gaudium</p> +<p>Sine fine.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Vers.</i>) Ave Maria ....</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Oremus</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><p>Meritis et precibus....</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">378<br> +379</span> +<a name="page378" id="page378"> </a> +<!-- png 502 --> + +<a name="page379" id="page379"> </a> +<!-- png 503 --> + +<table class="graces" summary="four kinds of grace"> +<tr> +<td><p> +<span class="smaller">GRACE AFFORE SOPER.</span> +<span class="floatright">5.1</span> +</p></td> +<td>[<i>On Fish Days.</i>] +<span class="floatright">5.2</span></td> +<td>[<i>On Easter Eve.</i>] +<span class="floatright">5.3</span></td> +<td><p>[<i>On Easter Day.</i>] +<span class="floatright">5.4</span></p> +<span class="smaller">ANTE CENAM.</span></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicite.</p></td> +<td class="inset">[<i>Blank.</i>]</td> +<td class="inset">[<i>Blank.</i>]</td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicite.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Dominus.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Dominus.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Cenam sanctificet qui nobis omnia prebet. In +nomine patris ....</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Cenam sanctificet qui nobis omnia prebet. In +nomine patris, et filii, et spiritus sancti. amen.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p> +<span class="smaller">GRACE AFTER SOPER.</span> +</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><span class="smaller">POST CENAM.</span></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Hec dies ....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedictus deus in donis suis:</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) In resurrectione tua, christe:</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Et sanctus in omnibus operibus suis.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Celi et terra letentur. alleluia.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Adjutorium nostrum in nomine domini:</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Qui fecit celum et terram.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Sit nomen domini benedictum:</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Ex hoc nunc et usque in seculum.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>....</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Dominus vobiscum:</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Et cum spiritu tuo.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Oremus.</p> +<p>Meritis et precibus sue pie matris, benedicat nos filius dei +patris.</p></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td>(<i>Sacerdos</i><ins class="mycorr" title=". in original">.)</ins> +<p>Spiritum in nobis....</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Sacerdos</i>) Benedicamus domino:</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td><p>(<i>Resp.</i>) Deo gracias.</p></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td class="center smaller">EXPLICIT.</td> +</tr> + +</table> + +<p> </p> + +<span class="pagenum">380</span> +<a name="page380" id="page380"> </a> +<!-- png 504 --> + +<h5>SCHEME OF THE LATIN GRACES.</h5> + +<table class="gracechart" summary="chart of the graces"> +<tr class="center"> +<td></td> +<td>Common<br> +Days.</td> +<td>Fast<br> +Days.</td> +<td>Easter<br> +Eve.</td> +<td>Easter<br> +Day.</td> +<td></td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="middle center smaller">Before<br> +dinner</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">1.1</p> +<p class="center">A</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">1.2</p> +<p class="center">D</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">1.3</p> +<p class="center">H</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">1.4</p> +<p class="center">L</p> +</td> +<td class="middle center smaller">Before<br> +dinner</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="bracket rt center smaller" rowspan="2">After<br> +dinner</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">2.1</p> +<p class="center">B</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">2.2</p> +<p class="center">E</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">2.3</p> +<p class="center">I</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">2.4</p> +<p class="center">M</p> +</td> +<td class="leftbracket center smaller" rowspan="2">After<br> +dinner</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<!-- <td></td> --> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">3.1</p> +<p class="center">C</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">3.2</p> +<p class="center">blank</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">3.3</p> +<p class="center">K</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">3.4</p> +<p class="center">N</p> +</td> +<!-- <td></td> --> +</tr> +<tr class="double"> +<td class="middle center smaller">Short<br> +Graces</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">4.1</p> +<p class="center">F</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">4.2</p> +<p class="center">blank</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">4.3</p> +<p class="center">blank</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">4.4</p> +<p class="center">blank</p> +</td> +<td class="middle center smaller">Short Graces<br> +for either dinner<br> +or supper</td> +</tr> +<tr class="double"> +<td class="middle center smaller">Before<br> +and after<br> +<i>supper</i></td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">5.1</p> +<p class="center">G</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">5.2</p> +<p class="center">blank</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">5.3</p> +<p class="center">blank</p> +</td> +<td class="box"> +<p class="right smaller">5.4</p> +<p class="center">O</p> +</td> +<td class="middle center smaller">Before<br> +and after<br> +<i>supper</i></td> +</tr> +<tr class="center"> +<td></td> +<td>Common<br> +Days.</td> +<td>Fast<br> +Days.</td> +<td>Easter<br> +Eve.</td> +<td>Easter<br> +Day.</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The alphabetical order is that in which the matter is found written +in the manuscript.</p> + +<p class="right smallcaps">Henry Bradshaw.</p> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">381</span> +<a name="page381" id="page381"> </a> +<!-- png 505 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="symons" id="symons"> +<img src="images/page381header.png" width="366" height="68" +alt="Symon’s Lesson of Wysedome for all Maner Chyldryn." +title="Symon’s Lesson of Wysedome for all Maner Chyldryn."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>From MS. Bodl.</i> 832, <i>leaf</i> 174.]</p> + +<p class="smaller"> +[The Rev. J. R. Lumby has kindly sent me the following amusing +‘lesson of wysedome’ to ‘all maner chyldryn’, signed Symon, which he +found in the Bodleian. Mr G. Parker has read the proof with the MS. +Lydgate sinned against most of its precepts. It makes the rod the great +persuader to learning and gentleness.]</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Children, attend.</span> + +<p>All man<i>er</i> chyldryn, ye lyſten & ler<i>e</i></p> +<p>A leſſon of wyſedome þ<i>a</i>t ys wryte her<i>e</i>!</p> +<p>My chyld, y rede þ<i>e</i> be wys, and take hede of þ<i>i</i>s +ryme!</p> +<span class="linenum">4</span> +<p>Old men yn p<i>ro</i>u<i>er</i>be ſayde by old tyme</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +You’d be better unborn than untaught.</span> + +‘A chyld wer<i>e</i> bet<i>er</i> to be vnbor<i>e</i> +<p>Than to be vntaught, and ſo be lor<i>e</i>.’<a class="tag" name="symons_tag_1" id="symons_tag_1" href="#symons_note_1">1</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +You mustn’t have your own way always.</span> + +<p>The chyld þ<i>a</i>t hath hys wyll alway</p> +<span class="linenum">8</span> +<p>Shal thryve late, y thei<a class="tag" name="symons_tag_2" id="symons_tag_2" href="#symons_note_2">2</a> wel ſay,</p> +<p>And þ<i>er</i>-for eu<i>er</i>y gode ma<i>n</i>nys chyld</p> +<p>That is to wanton and to wyld,</p> +<p>Lerne wel this leſſon for ſ<i>er</i>tayn,</p> +<span class="linenum">12</span> +<p>That thou may be þ<sup>e</sup> bet<i>er</i> man.</p> +<p>Chyld, y warne þ<i>e</i>e yn al wyſe</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Tell the truth,</span> + +<p>That þu tel trowth & make no lyes.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +don’t be froward,</span> + +<p>Chyld, be not froward, be not prowde,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +hold up your head,</span> + +<span class="linenum">16</span> +<p>But hold vp þy hedde & ſpeke a-lowde;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +take off your hood when you’re spoken to.</span> + +<p>And when eny man ſpekyth to the,</p> +<p>Do of þy hode and bow thy kne,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Wash your hands and face.</span> + +<p>And wayſch thy hand<i>es</i> & þy face,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be courteous.</span> + +<span class="linenum">20</span> +<p>And be curteys yn eu<i>er</i>y place.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">382</span> +<a name="page382" id="page382"> </a> +<!-- png 506 --> + +<p>And wher<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u comyſt, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> gode chere</p> +<p>In halle or bowr<i>e</i>, bydde “god be her<i>e</i>!”</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t throw stones at dogs and hogs.</span> + +<p>Loke þ<i>o</i>u caſt to no ma<i>n</i>nes dogge,</p> +<span class="linenum">24</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ſtaff ne ſtone at hors ne hogge;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Mock at no one.</span> + +<p>Loke þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u not ſcorne ne iape</p> +<p>Noþ<i>er</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> man, maydyn, ne ape;</p> +<p>Lete no ma<i>n</i> of þ<i>e</i>e make playnt;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t swear.</span> + +<span class="linenum">28</span> +<p>Swer<i>e</i> þ<i>o</i>u not by god noþ<i>er</i> by ſaynt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Eat what’s given you,</span> + +<p>Loke þ<i>o</i>u be c<i>ur</i>teys ſtondyng at mete;</p> +<p>And þ<i>a</i>t men ȝeuyth þ<i>e</i>e, þ<i>o</i>u take & ete;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and don’t ask for this and that.</span> + +<p>And loke that þ<i>o</i>u nother crye ne crave,</p> +<span class="linenum">32</span> +<p>And ſay “that and that wold y have;”</p> +<p>But ſtond þ<i>o</i>u ſtylle be-for<i>e</i> þ<sup>e</sup> borde,</p> +<p>And loke þ<i>o</i>u ſpeke no lowde worde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Honour your father and mother:</span> + +<p>And, chyld, wyrſhep thy fad<i>er</i> and thy mod<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum">36</span> +<p>And loke þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u greve noþ<i>er</i> on ne +oþ<i>er</i>,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +kneel and ask their blessing.</span> + +<p>But eu<i>er</i> among þ<i>o</i>u ſhalt knele adowne,</p> +<p>And aſke her<i>e</i> bleſſyng and her<i>e</i> beneſowne.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep your clothes clean.</span> + +<p>And, chyld, kepe thy cl<i>o</i>þ<i>e</i>s fayr<i>e</i> & +clene,</p> +<span class="linenum">40</span> +<p>And lete no fowle fylth on hem be ſene.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t go bird’s-nesting, or steal fruit,</span> + +<p>Chyld, clem þ<i>o</i>u not ou<i>er</i> hows ne walle</p> +<p>For no frute<a class="tag" name="symons_tag_3" id="symons_tag_3" href="#symons_note_3">3</a>, brydd<i>es</i>, ne +balle;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or throw stones at men’s windows,</span> + +<p>And, chyld, caſt no ſtonys ou<i>er</i> men hows,</p> +<span class="linenum">44</span> +<p>Ne caſt no ſtonys at no glas wyndowys;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or play in church.</span> + +<p>Ne make no crying, yapis, ne playes,</p> +<p>In holy chyrche on holy dayes.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t chatter.</span> + +<p>And, chyld, y warne þ<i>e</i>e of anoþ<i>er</i> thynge,</p> +<span class="linenum">48</span> +<p>Kepe þ<i>e</i>e fro many word<i>es</i> and yangelyng.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Get home by daylight.</span> + +<p>And, chyld, whan þ<i>o</i>u goſt to play,</p> +<p>Loke þ<i>o</i>u come home by lyght of day.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Keep clear of fire and water,</span> + +<p>And, chyld, I warne the of a-noþ<i>er</i> mat<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum">52</span> +<p>Loke þ<i>o</i>u kepe þ<i>e</i>e wel fro fyr<i>e</i> and +wat<i>er</i>;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and the edges of wells and brooks.</span> + +<p>And be war<i>e</i> and wyſe how þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u lokys</p> +<p>Ou<i>er</i> any brynk, welle, or brokys;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">383</span> +<a name="page383" id="page383"> </a> +<!-- png 507 --> + +<p>And when þ<i>o</i>u ſtondyſt at any ſchate<a class="tag" name="symons_tag_4" id="symons_tag_4" href="#symons_note_4">4</a>,</p> +<span class="linenum">56</span> +<p>By war<i>e</i> and wyſe þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u cacche no ſtake,</p> +<p>For meny chyld w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-o<i>u</i>t drede</p> +<p>Ys dede or dyſſeyuyd throw ywell hede.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page"> +(leaf 175.)</span> + +<span class="sidenote">Take care of your book, cap, and gloves,</span> + +<p>Chyld, kepe thy boke, cappe, and glouys,</p> +<span class="linenum">60</span> +<p>And al thyng þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>e</i>e behouys;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or you’ll be birched on your bare bottom.</span> + +<p>And but þ<i>o</i>u do, þ<i>o</i>u ſhat far<i>e</i> the wors,</p> +<p>And þ<i>er</i>-to be bete on þe bar<i>e</i> ers.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t be a liar or thief,</span> + +<p>Chyld, be þ<i>o</i>u lyer noþ<i>er</i> no theffe;</p> +<span class="linenum">64</span> +<p>Be þ<i>o</i>u no mecher<a class="tag" name="symons_tag_5" id="symons_tag_5" href="#symons_note_5">5</a> for myſcheffe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +or make faces at any man.</span> + +<p>Chyld, make þ<i>o</i>u no mowys ne knakk<i>es</i></p> +<p>Be-for<i>e</i> no men, ne by-hynd her<i>e</i> bakk<i>es</i>,</p> +<p>But be of fayr<i>e</i> ſemelaunt and co<i>n</i>tenaunce,</p> +<span class="linenum">68</span> +<p>For by fayr<i>e</i> man<i>er</i>ys men may þ<i>e</i>e a-vaunce.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +When you meet any one,</span> + +<p>Chyld wha<i>n</i> þ<i>o</i>u goſt yn eny ſtrete,</p> +<p>Iff þ<i>o</i>u eny gode man or woma<i>n</i> mete,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +lower your hood and wish ’em “god speed.”</span> + +<p>Avale thy hode to hym or to her<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class="linenum">72</span> +<p>And bydde, “god ſpede dame or ſer<i>e</i>!”</p> +<p>And be they ſmalle or grete,</p> +<p>This leſſon þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u not for-gete,--</p> +<p>For hyt is ſemely to eu<i>er</i>y ma<i>n</i>nys chylde,--</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Be meek to clerks.</span> + +<span class="linenum">76</span> +<p>And namely to clerk<i>es</i> to be meke & mylde.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Rise early, go to school,</span> + +<p>And, chyld, ryſe by tyme and go to ſcole,</p> +<p>And far<i>e</i> not as Wanton fole,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and learn fast</span> + +<p>And lerne as faſt as þ<i>o</i>u may and can,</p> +<span class="linenum">80</span> +<p>For owr<i>e</i> byſchop is an old man,</p> +<p>And þ<i>er</i>-for þ<i>o</i>u moſt lerne faſt</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +if you want to be our bishop.</span> + +<p>Iff þ<i>o</i>u wolt be byſſhop when he is paſt.</p> +<p>Chyld, y bydde þe on my bleſſyng</p> +<span class="linenum">84</span> +<p>That þ<i>o</i>u for-ȝete nat þ<i>i</i>s for no thyng,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Attend to all these things,</span> + +<p>But þ<i>o</i>u loke, hold hyt wel on þy mynde,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">384</span> +<a name="page384" id="page384"> </a> +<!-- png 508 --> + +<span class="sidenote"> +for a good child needs learning,</span> + +<p>For þ<sup>e</sup> beſt þu ſhalt hyt fynde;</p> +<p>For, as þe wyſe man ſayth and p<i>re</i>uyth,</p> +<span class="linenum">88</span> +<p>A leve chyld, lor<i>e</i> he be-houyth;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and he who hates the child spares the rod.</span> + +<span class="sidenote page">(leaf 175 <i>b.</i>)</span> + +<p>And as men ſayth þ<i>a</i>t ben leryd,</p> +<p>He hatyth þ<sup>e</sup> chyld þ<i>a</i>t ſparyth þ<sup>e</sup> +rodde;</p> +<p>And as þe wyſe man ſayth yn his boke</p> +<span class="linenum">92</span> +<p>Off p<i>ro</i>u<i>er</i>bis and wyſedomes, ho wol loke,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +As a spur makes a horse go, so a rod makes a child learn and be +mild.</span> +“As a ſharppe ſpor<i>e</i> makyth an hors to renne +<p>Vnd<i>er</i> a man that ſhold werre wynne,</p> +<p>Ryȝt ſo a ȝerde may make a chyld</p> +<span class="linenum">96</span> +<p>To lerne welle hys leſſon, and to be myld.”</p> +<p>Lo, chyldryn, her<i>e</i> may ȝe al her<i>e</i> and ſe</p> +<p>How al chyldryn chaſtyd ſhold be;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +So, children, do well, and you’ll not get a sound beating.</span> + +<p>And þ<i>er</i>for, chylder<i>e</i>, loke þ<i>a</i>t ye do well,</p> +<span class="linenum">100</span> +<p>And no harde betyng ſhall ye be-falle:</p> +<p>Thys may ȝe al be ryght gode men.</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +May God keep you good!</span> + +<p>God g<i>ra</i>unt yow g<i>ra</i>ce ſo to p<i>re</i>ſ<i>er</i>ue +yow.</p> + +<p class="stanza center">Amen!</p> + +</div> + +<p class="center lines">Symon.</p> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p><a name="symons_note_1" id="symons_note_1" href="#symons_tag_1">1.</a> +Compare “Better vnfedde then vntaughte” in <i>Seager’s Schoole of +Vertue</i>, above, p. 236, l. 725.</p> + +<p><a name="symons_note_2" id="symons_note_2" href="#symons_tag_2">2.</a> +thee</p> + +<p><a name="symons_note_3" id="symons_note_3" href="#symons_tag_3">3.</a> +Cp. Lydgate’s Tricks at School, <i>Forewords</i>, p. xliv.</p> + +<p><a name="symons_note_4" id="symons_note_4" href="#symons_tag_4">4.</a> +? meaning. <i>Skathie</i>, a fence. Jamieson. <i>Skaith</i>, hurt, harm. +Halliwell.</p> + +<p><a name="symons_note_5" id="symons_note_5" href="#symons_tag_5">5.</a> +A mychare seems to denote properly a sneaking thief. Way. Prompt., +p. 336. <i>Mychare</i>, a covetous, sordid fellow. Jamieson. Fr. +<i>pleure-pain</i>: m. A niggardlie wretch; a puling <i>micher</i> or +miser. Cotgrave.</p> +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div selection --> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">385</span> +<a name="page385" id="page385"> </a> +<!-- png 509 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="birched" id="birched"> +<img src="images/page385header.png" width="240" height="34" +alt="The Birched School-Boy" title="The Birched School-Boy"> +</a></p> + +<p class="center smallroman">OF ABOUT 1500 A.D.</p> + +<p class="subhead"> +(<i>From the Balliol MS. 354, ffl ij C xxx.</i>)</p> + +<p class="smaller"> +[As old Symon talks of the rod (p. 383-4, ll. 62, 90), as Caxton in +his Book of Curtesye promises his ‘lytyl John’ a breechless feast, or as +the Oriel MS. reads it, a ‘byrchely’ one,<a class="tag" name="birch_tag_1" id="birch_tag_1" href="#birch_note_1">1</a> & as +the Forewords have shown that young people did get floggings in olden +time, it may be as well to give here the sketch of a boy flea-bitten, no +doubt, with little bobs of hazel twigs, that Richard Hill has preserved +for us. Boys of the present generation happily don’t know the sensation +of unwelcome warmth that a sound flogging produced, and how after it one +had to sit on the bottom of one’s spine on the edge of the hard form, in +the position recommended at College for getting well forward in rowing. +But they may rest assured that if their lot had fallen on a birching +school, they’d have heartily joined the school-boy of 1500 in wishing +his and their masters at the devil, even though they as truant boys had +been ‘milking ducks, as their mothers bade them.’]</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<p>hay! hay! by this day!</p> +<p>what avayleth it me thowgh I say nay?</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Learning is strange work;</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ I wold ffayñ be a clarke;</p> +<p>but yet hit is a strange werke;<a class="tag" name="birch_tag_2" id="birch_tag_2" href="#birch_note_2">2</a></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +the birch twigs are so sharp.</span> + +<p>the byrchyñ twygg<i>is</i> be so sharpe,</p> +<p>hit makith me haue a faynt harte.</p> +<p class="in1">what avaylith it me thowgh I say nay?</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +I’d sooner go 20 miles than go to school on Mondays.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ On mo<i>n</i>day i<i>n</i> <i>th</i>e mornyng whañ I shall rise</p> +<p>at vj. of the clok,<a class="tag" name="birch_tag_3" id="birch_tag_3" href="#birch_note_3">3</a> hyt is the gise</p> +<span class="pagenum">386</span> +<a name="page386" id="page386"> </a> +<!-- png 510 --> + +<p>to go to skole w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out a-vise</p> +<p>I had lever go xx<sup>ti</sup> myle twyse!</p> +<p class="in1">what avaylith it me thowgh I say nay?</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +My master asks where I’ve been.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ My master lokith as he were madde:</p> +<p>“wher hast <i>tho</i>u be, thow sory ladde?”</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +‘Milking ducks,’ I tell him,</span> + +<p>“Milked dukk<i>is</i>, my moder badde:”</p> +<p>hit was no m<i>er</i>vayle thow I were sadde.</p> +<p class="in1">what vaylith it me thowgh I say nay?</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +and he gives me pepper for it.</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ My mast<i>er</i> pep<i>er</i>ed my ars w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> well good +spede:</p> +<p>hit was worse thañ ffynkll sede;</p> +<p>he wold not leve till it did blede.</p> +<p>Myche sorow haue be for his dede!</p> +<p class="in1">what vaylith it me thowgh I say nay?</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +I only wish he was a hare, and my book a wild cat,</span> + +<p class="stanza"> +¶ I wold my mast<i>er</i> were a watt<a class="tag" name="birch_tag_4" id="birch_tag_4" href="#birch_note_4">4</a></p> +<p>& my boke a wyld Catt,</p> +<p>& a brase of grehownd<i>is</i> in his toppe:</p> +<p>I wold be glade for to se that!</p> +<p class="in1">what vayleth it me thowgh I say nay?</p> + +<p class="stanza">¶ I wold my mast<i>er</i> were an hare,</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +and all his books dogs.</span> + +<p>& all his bok<i>is</i> hownd<i>is</i> were,</p> +<p>& I my self a Ioly hontere:</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Wouldn’t I blow my horn!</span> + +<p>to blowe my horñ I wold not spare!</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Don’t I wish he was dead!</span> + +<p>ffor if he were dede I wold not care.</p> +<p class="in1">what vaylith me thowgh I say nay?</p> + +<p class="center stanza">Explicit.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="footnote"> +<p><a name="birch_note_1" id="birch_note_1" href="#birch_tag_1">1.</a> +See Caxton’s Book of Curtesye, in the Society’s Extra Series, 1868.</p> + +<p><a name="birch_note_2" id="birch_note_2" href="#birch_tag_2">2.</a> +Compare the very curious song on the difficulty of learning singing, in +<i>Reliquiæ Antiquæ</i>, i. 291, from Arundel MS. 292, leaf 71, +back.</p> + +<p><a name="birch_note_3" id="birch_note_3" href="#birch_tag_3">3.</a> +See Rhodes, p. 72, l. 61; and Seager, p. 226, +l. 58.</p> + +<p><a name="birch_note_4" id="birch_note_4" href="#birch_tag_4">4.</a> +a hare.</p> +</div> + +</div> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">387</span> +<a name="page387" id="page387"> </a> +<!-- png 511 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="christmas" id="christmas"> +<img src="images/page387header.png" width="373" height="34" +alt="The Song of the School Boy at Christmas." +title="The Song of the School Boy at Christmas."> +</a></p> + +<p class="smaller"> +[Printed also in <i>Reliquiæ Antiquæ</i>, i. 116, ‘From MS. Sloane, No. +1584, of the beginning of the sixteenth century, or latter part of the +fifteenth, fol. 33<sup>ro</sup>., written in Lincolnshire or +Nottinghamshire, perhaps, to judge by the mention of persons and places, +in the neighbourhood of Grantham or Newark.’ J. O. Halliwell.]</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p><b>Ante ffine<i>m</i></b> t<i>er</i>mini Baculus portamus,</p> +<p>Caput hustiarii ffranger<i>e</i> debemus;</p> +<p>Si p<i>re</i>ceptor nos petit quo debemus Ire,</p> +<p>Breuiter respondem<i>us</i>, “no<i>n</i> est tibi scire.”</p> +<p>O p<i>ro</i> nobilis docter, Now we youe pray,</p> +<p>Vt velitis conceder<i>e</i> to gyff h<i>us</i> leff to play.</p> +<p>Nunc p<i>ro</i>ponimus Ire, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out any ney,</p> +<p>Scolam dissolver<i>e</i>; I tell itt youe in fey,</p> +<p>Sicut istud festum, merth-is for to make,</p> +<p>Accipim<i>us</i> n<i>ost</i>ram diem, owr leve for to take.</p> +<p>Post natale festu<i>m</i>, full sor shall we qwake,</p> +<p>Qu<i>um</i> nos Revenim<i>us</i>, latens for to make.</p> +<p>Ergo nos Rogamus, hartly and holle,</p> +<p>Vt isto die possimus, to brek upe <i>th</i>e scole.</p> + +<hr class="tiny"> + +<p>Non min<i>us</i> hic peccat q<i>u</i>i sens<i>um</i> condit in +agro,</p> +<p>Qua<i>m</i> qui doctrinam Claudet in ore suo.</p> + +</div> + +</div> + +<div class="selection"> + +<span class="pagenum">388</span> +<a name="page388" id="page388"> </a> +<!-- png 512 --> + +<p class="illustration"> +<a name="boars_head" id="boars_head"> +<img src="images/page388header.png" width="178" height="34" +alt="The Boar’s Head." title="The Boar’s Head."> +</a></p> + +<p class="subhead"> +[<i>Balliol MS. 354, ffl</i> ij C xij, <i>or leaf 228.</i>]</p> + +<div class="verse"> + +<table summary="formatted text"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket lft"> +Caput Apri Refero,<br> +Resonens laudes do<i>mi</i>no. +</td> +<td class="middle">fote<a class="tag" name="boar_tag_1" id="boar_tag_1" href="#boar_note_1">1</a> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The boris hed In hond<i>is</i> I brynge</p> +<p>with garlond<i>is</i> gay & byrd<i>is</i> syngynge;</p> +<p>I p<i>ra</i>y you all helpe me to synge,</p> +<p class="in5">Qui estis in conviuio.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +The boris hede, I vnderstond,</p> +<p>ys cheff<i>e</i> s<i>er</i>uyce in all this londe:</p> +<p>wher-so-ever it may <ins class="mycorr" title="text unchanged">he</ins> fonde,</p> +<p class="in5">Seruitur cu<i>m</i> sinapio.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +The boris hede, I dare well say,</p> +<p>anon after the xij<sup>th</sup> day</p> +<p>he taketh his leve & goth a-way,</p> +<p class="in5">Exiuit tu<i>n</i>c de patria.</p> +</div> + +<p>See other carols on the Boar’s Head, in <i>Songs and Carols</i>, +Percy Soc., p. 42, 25; Ritson’s <i>Ancient Songs</i>; Sandys’s +<i>Carols</i>, and <i>Christmastide</i>, p. 231, from +Ritson,—a different version of the present +carol,—&c.</p> + +<p class="footnote"> +<a name="boar_note_1" id="boar_note_1" href="#boar_tag_1">1.</a> +I suppose this means the <i>foot</i>, the burden.</p> + +</div> + +</div> <!-- end div maintext --> + +<div style='display:block; margin-top:4em'>*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EARLY ENGLISH MEALS AND MANNERS ***</div> +<div style='text-align:left'> + +<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> +Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will +be renamed. +</div> + +<div style='display:block; margin:1em 0'> +Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright +law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, +so the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United +States without permission and without paying copyright +royalties. 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