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+Project Gutenberg's The Botanical Magazine Vol. 8, by William Curtis
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The Botanical Magazine Vol. 8
+       Or, Flower-Garden Displayed
+
+Author: William Curtis
+
+Release Date: February 22, 2008 [EBook #24670]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE BOTANICAL MAGAZINE VOL. 8 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jason Isbell, Janet Blenkinship and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This
+file made using scans of public domain works at the
+University of Georgia.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE
+
+  BOTANICAL MAGAZINE;
+
+  OR,
+
+  Flower-Garden Displayed:
+
+  IN WHICH
+
+  The most Ornamental FOREIGN PLANTS, cultivated in the
+  Open Ground, the Green-House, and the Stove, are accurately
+  represented in their natural Colours.
+
+  TO WHICH ARE ADDED,
+
+  Their Names, Class, Order, Generic and Specific Characters, according
+  to the celebrated LINNAEUS; their Places of Growth,
+  and Times of Flowering:
+
+  TOGETHER WITH
+
+  THE MOST APPROVED METHODS OF CULTURE.
+
+  A WORK
+
+  Intended for the Use of such LADIES, GENTLEMEN, and GARDENERS, as
+  wish to become scientifically acquainted with the Plants they cultivate.
+
+  By _WILLIAM CURTIS_,
+
+  Author of the FLORA LONDINENSIS.
+
+  VOL. VIII.
+
+  "Much I love
+  To see the fair one bind the straggling pink,
+  Cheer the sweet rose, the lupin, and the stock,
+  And lend a staff to the still gadding pea.
+  Ye fair, it well becomes you. Better thus
+  Cheat time away, than at the crowded rout,
+  Rustling in silk, in a small room, close-pent,
+  And heated e'en to fusion; made to breathe
+  A rank contagious air, and fret at whist,
+  Or sit aside to sneer and whisper scandal."
+
+                                  VILLAGE CURATE, p. 74.
+
+_LONDON:_
+
+PRINTED BY STEPHEN COUCHMAN, For W. CURTIS, No 3, _St.
+George's-Crescent_, Black-Friars-Road; And Sold by the principal
+Booksellers in Great-Britain and Ireland, M DCC XCIV. */
+
+
+
+
+[253]
+
+LATHYRUS ARTICULATUS. JOINTED-PODDED LATHYRUS.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Stylus_ planus, supra villosus, superne latior. _Cal._ laciniae
+     superiores 2-breviores.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     LATHYRUS _articulatus_ pedunculis subunifloris, cirrhis
+     polyphyllis; foliolis alternis. _Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 14._ _Murr.
+     p. 662._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 41._
+
+     CLYMENUM hispanicum, flore vario, siliqua articulata. _Tourn. Inst.
+     396._
+
+     LATHYRUS hispanicus, pedunculis bifloris, cirrhis polyphyllis
+     foliolis alternis. _Mill. Dict. ed. 6. 4to._
+
+The seed-vessels are of the first importance in ascertaining the several
+species of Lathyrus, some being naked, others hairy, some long, others
+short, some having a smooth and perfectly even surface, others, as in
+the present instance, assuming an uneven or jointed appearance.
+
+Of this genus we have already figured three annual species, common in
+flower-gardens, viz. _odoratus_, _tingitanus_, and _sativus_; to these
+we now add the _articulatus_, not altogether so frequently met with, but
+meriting a place on the flower-border, as the lively red and delicate
+white so conspicuous in its blossoms, causes it to be much admired.
+
+It is a native of Italy, and was cultivated at the Chelsea Garden, in
+the time of Mr. RAND, anno 1739.
+
+It is a hardy annual, requiring support, and rarely exceeding the height
+of two feet, flowering in July and August, and is readily raised from
+seeds, which should be sown in the open border at the beginning of
+April.
+
+[Illustration: No 253]
+
+[Illustration: No 254]
+
+
+
+
+[254]
+
+LOPEZIA RACEMOSA. MEXICAN LOPEZIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 4-phyllus. _Cor._ irregularis, pentapetala, duo superiora
+     geniculata, quintum inferne declinatum, plicatum, ungue arcuata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     LOPEZIA _racemosa_ caule herbaceo ramoso; foliis alternis
+     ovato-lanceolatis, serratis; floribus racemosis. _Cavanilles Ic. et
+     descr. Pl._
+
+Some plants have a claim on our attention for their utility, some for
+their beauty, and some for the singularity of their structure, and the
+wonderful nature of their oeconomy; in the last class we must place
+the present plant, the flowers of which we recommend to the examination
+of such of our readers as may have an opportunity of seeing them; to the
+philosophic mind, not captivated with mere shew, they will afford a most
+delicious treat.
+
+We first saw this novelty in flower, towards the close of the year 1792,
+at the Apothecaries Garden, Chelsea, where Mr. FAIRBAIRN informed me,
+that he had that season raised several plants of it from seeds,
+communicated by Dr. J. E. SMITH, who received them from Madrid, to which
+place they were sent from South-America, and where the plant as Mons.
+CAVANILLE informs us, grows spontaneously near Mexico. In October 1793,
+we had the pleasure of seeing the plant again in blossom in the
+aforesaid garden, raised from seeds which ripened there the preceding
+year, but unfortunately from the lateness of their flowering, and the
+very great injury the plants had sustained from the Cobweb Mite (_Acarus
+teliarius_) vulgarly called the red Spider, there seemed little prospect
+that the seed-vessels would arrive at perfection.
+
+The seeds were sown by Mr. FAIRBAIRN, in March, and the plants kept in
+the green-house till very late in the summer, when to accelerate their
+blowing, they were removed into the dry stove: it is worthy of remark,
+that these plants, even late in the autumn, shew no signs of blossoming,
+but the flowers at length come forth with almost unexampled rapidity,
+and the seed-vessels are formed as quickly, so that if the flowers were
+not very numerous, their blossoming period would be of very short
+duration; future experience may perhaps point out the means of making
+the plant blow earlier: in Spain, the blossoms appeared later than here,
+Mons. CAVANILLE observed them in the Royal Garden, in November and
+December, most probably in the open ground, as no mention is made of the
+plants having been preserved from the weather.
+
+It was not till long after our description was taken, that we had an
+opportunity of seeing Mons. CAVANILLE'S most accurate and elegant work,
+above quoted, in which this plant is first figured and described; we
+have selected the most essential parts of his generic character, and
+adopted his specific description: there is one point, however, in which
+we differ from him; the part which he regards as the fifth Petal, we are
+inclined to consider rather as that indescribable something, called by
+LINNAEUS the Nectary, it is indeed of little moment whether we call it a
+Petal or a Nectary, but there are several reasons why, strictly
+speaking, we cannot regard it as a Petal: in general the number of
+Petals correspond with the number of the leaves of the Calyx, those of
+the latter are four; the base of this Nectary originates deeper than the
+claws of the Petals, springing in fact from the same part as the
+Filament, its structure, especially the lower part of it, is evidently
+different from that of the Petals, corresponding indeed as nearly as
+possible with that of the base of the filament.--_Vid._ DESCER.
+
+Mons. CAVANILLE was induced to call this plant _Lopezia_, in compliment
+to TH. LOPEZ, a Spaniard[1].
+
+[Footnote 1: In honorem Licent. THOMAE LOPEZ, Burgensis, qui aliquot
+annos Regii Senatoris munere functus in America, CAROLO V. imperante. In
+patriam reversus breviarium historiae naturalis novi orbis scripsit sub
+titulo de tribus elementis aere, aqua, et terra, MS. apud eundem
+Muguozium.]
+
+
+
+
+DESCRIPTION OF THE LOPEZIA.
+
+ROOT annual.
+
+     STALK five or six feet high, branched almost to the bottom, square,
+     of a deep red colour, smooth towards the bottom, slightly hairy
+     above: _Branches_ like the stalk.
+
+     LEAVES alternate, ovate, pointed, toothed on the edges, more so on
+     the larger leaves, slightly beset with soft hairs, veins prominent
+     on the under side, usually running parallel to each other and
+     unbranched: _Leafstalks_ hairy.
+
+     FLOWERS numerous, from the alae of the leaves, growing irregularly
+     on hairy leafy racemi, standing on long slender peduncles, which
+     hang down as the seed-vessels are produced: in this and some others
+     of its characters, the plant shews some affinity to the _Circaea_.
+
+     CALYX: a _Perianthium_ of four leaves, sitting on the Germen,
+     leaves narrow, concave, reddish, with green tips, the lowermost one
+     widely separated from the others, and placed immediately under the
+     Nectary, _fig._ 1.
+
+     COROLLA four _Petals_ of a pale red colour, forming in their mode
+     of growth the upper half of a circle, the two uppermost linear, of
+     a deeper colour near the apex, jointed below the middle, with a
+     small green gland on each joint, standing on short round
+     footstalks, which are hairy when magnified, the two side Petals
+     nearly orbicular with long narrow claws, the part between the base
+     of the Petal and the claw of a deeper red or crimson, _fig._ 2.
+
+     NECTARY situated below the Petals, perfectly white, somewhat ovate,
+     the sides folding together, before the flower fully expands, nearly
+     upright, embracing and containing within it the Pistillum and
+     Stamen, on touching it ever so slightly with the point of a pin,
+     while in this state, it suddenly springs back and quits the
+     Pistillum, the lower elastic part of it is then bent in the form
+     represented in a magnified view of the flower on the plate, _fig._
+     4. this curious phoenomenon has not been noticed by CAVANILLE.
+
+     STAMEN: _Filament_ one, tapering and very slender just below the
+     Anthera, arising from the same part as (and placed opposite to the
+     base of) the Nectary the lower part of it broader, somewhat fleshy,
+     cartilaginous, and of the same nature as the inferior part of the
+     Nectary, with a groove as that has on the inside, so that before
+     the flower expands, the bases of each are like two half tubes, the
+     sides of which, nearly touching each other, wholly enclose the
+     Pistillum; as the fructification goes forward, the Filament,
+     endowed also with an elastic power, bends back soon after the
+     flower is open, betwixt the two uppermost Petals, and becomes
+     invisible to an inattentive observer; the Anthera, which is large,
+     is at first yellow, and afterwards dark brown, _fig._ 5.
+
+     PISTILLUM: _Germen_ below the Calyx, round, smooth, and green;
+     _Style_ filiform, white, length of the Filament; Stigma forming a
+     small villous head, _fig._ 6. in some of the flowers the Pistillum
+     appears imperfect, being much shorter than usual, and wanting the
+     Stigma, perhaps such have not acquired their full growth, _fig._ 6.
+
+     PERICARPIUM (from CAVANILLE) a round _Capsule_, of four cells, and
+     four valves, the cells many-seeded.
+
+SEEDS very minute, ovate, affixed to a four-cornered receptacle.
+
+[Illustration: No 256]
+
+
+
+
+[255]
+
+CYTISUS SESSILIFOLIUS. SESSILE-LEAV'D, OR COMMON CYTISUS.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+_Cal._ 2-labiatus: 2/3 _Legumen_ basi attenuatum.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     CYTISUS _sessilifolius_ racemis erectis, calycibus bractaea
+     triplici, foliis floralibus sessilibus. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed.
+     14._ _Murr. p. 666._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 50._
+
+     CYTISUS glabris foliis subrotundis, pediculis brevissimis. _Bauh.
+     Pin. p. 390._
+
+     CYTISUS vulgatior, the common Tree Trefoile. _Park. Parad. p. 440._
+
+The term _sessilifolius_ has been given to this species of Cytisus,
+because the leaves are for the most part sessile, that is sit close to
+the branches, without any or very short footstalks; such they are at
+least on the flowering branches when the shrub is in blossom, but at the
+close of the summer they are no longer so, the leaves acquiring very
+evident footstalks.
+
+It is a native of the more southern parts of Europe, and though in point
+of size and elegance it cannot vie with its kindred Laburnum, it is a
+deciduous shrub of considerable beauty, rarely exceeding the height of
+five or six feet, and producing a great profusion of bright yellow
+flowers, which continue in blossom a long while; they make their
+appearance in May and June, and are usually succeeded by seed-vessels
+which produce ripe seeds, by these the plant is readily propagated.
+
+It is one of the most common shrubs we have, as well as one of the
+oldest inhabitants of our shrubberies, being mentioned by PARKINSON in
+his _Parad. Terrestris_.
+
+
+
+
+[256]
+
+IXIA LONGIFLORA. LONG-FLOWER'D IXIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ 6-partita, campanulata, regularis. _Stigmata_ 3.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     IXIA _longiflora_ foliis ensiformibus linearibus strictis, tubo
+     filiformi longissimo. _Ait. Kew. v. 4. p. 58._
+
+     GLADIOLUS _longiflorus_ caule tereti, tubo longissimo, spathis
+     foliisque linearibus glabris. _Linn. Suppl. p. 96._ _Gmel. Syst.
+     Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 86._
+
+We are not acquainted with a tribe of plants which stand more in need of
+elucidation than those of this genus; of the vast numbers imported from
+the Cape within these few years, where they are chiefly natives, and
+that for the most part by way of Holland, few comparatively are well
+ascertained; some of them appear subject to great variation, both in the
+size and colour of their blossoms (whether in their wild state they are
+thus inconstant, or whether there are seminal varieties raised by the
+persevering industry of the Dutch Florists, we have not yet had it in
+our power satisfactorily to ascertain); others like the present one have
+their characters strongly marked, and less variable; in general they are
+plants of easy culture, requiring chiefly to be protected from the
+effects of frost, the least degree of which is presently fatal to most
+of them.
+
+The treatment recommended for the _Ixia flexuosa_ is applicable to this
+and the other Cape species.
+
+According to the _Hort. Kew._ this species was introduced by Mr. MASSON
+in the year 1774.
+
+It flowers from April to June.
+
+[Illustration: No 256]
+
+[Illustration: No 257]
+
+
+
+
+[257]
+
+LYCHNIS CHALCEDONICA. SCARLET LYCHNIS.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 1-phyllus, oblongus, laevis. _Petala_ 5-unguiculata. _Limbo_
+     sub-bifido. _Caps._ 5-locularis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     LYCHNIS _chalcedonica_ floribus fasciculatis fastigiatis. _Linn.
+     Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 435._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 16._
+
+     LYCHNIS hirsuta flore coccineo major. _Bauh. Pin. 203._
+
+     FLOS Constantinopolitanus. _Dod. Pempt. 178._
+
+     LYCHNIS _chalcedonica_ flore simplici miniato. Single Nonsuch, or
+     Flower of Bristow or Constantinople. _Parkins. Parad. 253._
+
+The Scarlet Lychnis appears to have been a great favourite with
+PARKINSON, he calls it a glorious flower, and in a wooden print of him
+prefixed to his _Paradisus Terrestris_, we see him represented with a
+flower of this sort in his hand of the double kind.
+
+It grows spontaneously in most parts of Russia, and is one of our most
+hardy perennials.
+
+The extreme brilliancy of its flowers renders it a plant, in its single
+state highly ornamental; when double, its beauty is heightened, and the
+duration of it increased.
+
+It flowers in June and July.
+
+The single sort may be increased by parting its roots in autumn, but
+more abundantly by seeds, which should be sown in the spring; the double
+sort may also be increased by dividing its roots, but more plentifully
+by cuttings of the stalk, put in in June, before the flowers make their
+appearance; in striking of these, however, there requires some nicety.
+
+This plant is found to succeed best in a rich, loamy, soil; and certain
+districts have been found to be more favourable to its growth than
+others.
+
+A white and a pale red variety of it in its single state were known to
+CLUSIUS, and similar varieties of the double kind are said to exist; it
+is of little moment whether they do or not, every variation in this
+plant from a bright scarlet is in every sense of the word a degeneracy.
+
+[Illustration: No 258]
+
+
+
+
+[258]
+
+CORONILLA VARIA. PURPLE CORONILLA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 2-labiatus: 2/3: dentibus superioribus connatis. _Vexillum_
+     vix alis longius. _Legumen_ isthmis interceptum.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     CORONILLA _varia_ herbacea, leguminibus erectis teretibus torosis
+     numerosis, foliolis plurimis glabris. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed.
+     14._ _Murr. p. 670._ _Ait. Kew. v. 3. p. 59._
+
+     SECURIDACA dumetorum major, flore vario, siliquis articulatis.
+     _Bauh. Pin. p. 349._
+
+     SECURIDACA II. altera species. _Clus. Hist. 2. ccxxxvij._ The
+     greater joynted Hatchet Vetch. _Park. Theat. p. 1088._
+
+CLUSIUS, in his work above referred to, informs us that he found this
+plant growing wild in various parts of Germany, in meadows, fields, and
+by road sides; that it flowered in June, sometimes the whole summer
+through, and ripened its seeds in July and August; the blossoms he found
+subject to much variation of colour, being either deep purple, whitish,
+or even wholly white: CASP. BAUHINE notices another variety, in which
+the alae are white and the rostrum purple; this variety, which we have
+had the honour to receive from the Earl of EGREMONT is the most
+desirable one to cultivate in gardens, as it is more ornamental than the
+one wholly purple, most commonly met with in the nurseries, and
+corresponds also better with its name of _varia_; it is to be noted
+however that this variety of colour exists only in the young blossoms.
+
+The Coronilla varia is a hardy, perennial, herbaceous plant, climbing,
+if supported, to the height of four or five feet, otherwise spreading
+widely on the ground, and frequently injuring less robust plants growing
+near it; on this account, as well as from its having powerfully creeping
+roots whereby it greatly increases, though a pretty plant, and flowering
+during most of the summer, it is not to be introduced without caution,
+and is rather to be placed in the shrubbery, or outskirts of the garden,
+than in the flower border.
+
+It will grow in any soil or situation, but blossoms and seeds most
+freely in a soil moderately dry.
+
+PARKINSON in his _Theater of Plants_, mentions its being cultivated, as
+an ornamental plant. _Ait. Kew._
+
+Its bitterness, will be an objection to its being cultivated for the use
+of cattle, for which purpose it has been recommended.
+
+
+
+
+[259]
+
+LILIUM CATESBAEI. CATESBY'S LILY.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ 6-petala campanulata: linea longitudinali nectarifera.
+     _Caps._ valvulis pilo cancellato connexis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     LILIUM _Catesbaei_ caule unifloro, petalis erectis unguiculatis.
+     _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13._ _Gmel. p. 545._
+
+     LILIUM _Catesbaei_ foliis sparsis, bipedali, flore unico erecto,
+     corolla campanulata, petalis unguibus angustis longis. _Walt. Fl.
+     Carol. p. 123._
+
+     LILIUM _Spectabile_ foliis sparsis; floribus solitariis erectis;
+     petalorum unguibus angustis, alternis extus utrinque sulcatis,
+     laminis revolutis. _Salisb. Ic. Stirp. rar. t. 5._
+
+At the close of the year 1787, Mr. ROBERT SQUIBB, sent me from
+South-Carolina roots of the Lily here figured, many of which have since
+flowered with various persons in this kingdom.
+
+CATESBY in his Natural History of Carolina, gives a figure and short
+account of it; WALTER in his _Flora Caroliniana_ describes it under the
+name of _Lilium Catesbaei_; Mr. SALISBURY in the first number of his very
+magnificent work, lately published, presents us with a very highly
+finished likeness of this lily, accompanied by a most accurate and
+minute description of it, and judging from some appearances in CATESBY'S
+figure, that it was not the _Lilium Catesbaei_ of WALTER, names it
+_spectabile_; but as we are assured by Mr. SQUIBB, who assisted his
+friend WALTER in his publication, that it was the lily figured by
+CATESBY, we have continued the name given in honour of that Naturalist.
+
+Of the different Lilies cultivated in this country, this is to be
+numbered among the least, the whole plant when in bloom being frequently
+little more than a foot high; in its native soil it is described as
+growing to the height of two feet; the stalk is terminated by one
+upright flower, of the form and colour represented on the plate; we have
+observed it to vary considerably in the breadth of its petals, in their
+colour, and spots.
+
+It flowers usually in July and August.
+
+This plant may be raised from seeds, or increased by offsets, which,
+however, are not very plentifully produced, nor is the plant to be made
+grow in perfection without great care, the roots in particular are to be
+guarded against frost; the soil and situation may be the same as
+recommended for the _Cyclamen Coum. p. 4. v. 1_.
+
+[Illustration: No 259]
+
+
+
+
+[260]
+
+METROSIDEROS CITRINA. HARSH-LEAV'D METROSIDEROS.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 5-dentatus, sinu germen fovens. _Petala_ 5, caduca. _Stam._
+     discreta, petalis multoties longiora. _Caps._ 3-4 locularis,
+     polysperma. _Banks. Gaertner._
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     METROSIDEROS _citrina_ foliis lineari-lanceolatis rigentibus.
+
+Though many species of this genus have been raised from seeds, brought
+within these few years from the South Seas, where they are said to be
+very numerous; this is, we believe, the only one that as yet has
+flowered in this country: our drawing was made from a plant which
+blossomed toward the close of last summer at Lord CREMORNES, the root of
+which had been sent from Botany-Bay; previous to this period we have
+been informed, that the same species flowered both at Kew and
+Sion-House: as it is without difficulty raised both from seeds and
+cuttings, young plants of it are to be seen in most of the Nurseries
+near town; it would seem that they do not flower till they are at least
+five or six years old.
+
+_Metrosideros_ is a name given originally by RUMPHIUS in _Herb. Amboin_
+to some plants of this genus, the term applies to the hardness of their
+wood, which by the Dutch is called Yzerhout (Ironwood): FORSTER in his
+_Gen. Pl._ figures this and another genus on the same plate, under the
+name of _Leptospermum_; SCHREBER in his edition of the _Gen. Pl._ of
+LINNAEUS, unites _Metrosideros_, _Melaleuca_, _Leptospermum_, and
+_Fabricia_, under the genus _Melaleuca_; GAERTNER in his elaborate work
+on the seeds of plants, makes separate genera of these, agreeably to the
+ideas of Sir JOSEPH BANKS and Mr. DRYANDER, who on this subject can
+certainly boast the best information.
+
+We cannot, without transgressing the allotted limits of our
+letter-press, give a minute description of the plant figured; suffice it
+to say, that it is an ever-green shrub, growing to the height of from
+four to six or more feet, that its leaves on the old wood feel very
+harsh or rigid to the touch, and when bruised give forth an agreeable
+fragrance, the flowers grow in spikes on the tops of the branches, and
+owe their beauty wholly to the brilliant colour of the filaments.
+
+[Illustration: No 260]
+
+[Illustration: No 261]
+
+
+
+
+[261]
+
+ERODIUM INCARNATUM. FLESH-COLOURED CRANE'S-BILL.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+MONADELPHIA PENTANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 5-phyllus. _Cor._ 5-petala. _Nect. Squamulae_ 5 cum
+     filamentis alternantes; et glandulae melliferae, basi staminum
+     insidentes. _Fructus_ 5-coccus, rostratus; rostra spiralia,
+     introrsum barbata. _L'Herit. Geran._
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     ERODIUM _incarnatum_ pedunculis paucifloris, foliis tripartitis
+     ternatisve trifidis scabris, caule fruticuloso. _L'Herit. n. 21.
+     tab. 5._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 415._
+
+     GERANIUM incarnatum pedunculis bifloris, foliis tripartitis
+     trifidis glabris, petalis integris, arillis glabris. _Linn. Suppl.
+     Pl._
+
+     GERANIUM _incarnatum_ foliis incisis quinquelobis punctatis;
+     petiolis longissimis, pedunculis trifloris. _Cavanill. diff. 4. p.
+     223. n. 314. t. 97. f. 3._
+
+In the 80th number of this work we gave a figure of the _Pelargonium
+tricolor_, a plant very generally regarded as the most beautiful of the
+genus; we now present our readers with the representation of an
+_Erodium_, which has to boast nearly an equal share of admiration.
+
+This species, as we learn from the _Hortus Kewensis_, is a native of the
+Cape, and was introduced by Mr. MASSON in the year 1787.
+
+Its usual time of flowering is July and August; in this point it is
+inferior to the _Pelargonium tricolor_, which blossoms through the
+spring as well as summer months.
+
+It produces seeds but sparingly; cuttings of the plant are struck with
+less difficulty than those of the _Pelargonium_ above mentioned, the
+same treatment is applicable to both plants, they must be regarded as
+green-house plants of the more tender kind, which are liable to be
+destroyed in the winter season by a moist cold atmosphere.
+
+
+
+
+[262]
+
+MESEMBRYANTHEMUM AUREUM. GOLDEN FIG-MARIGOLD.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 5-fidus. _Petala_ numerosa linearia. _Caps._ carnosa infera
+     polysperma.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     MESEMBRYANTHEMUM _aureum_ foliis cylindrico-triquetris punctatis
+     distinctis, pistillis atro purpurascentibus. _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed.
+     10. p. 1060._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 190._
+
+This Mesembryanthemum is one of the taller and more upright species, as
+well as the earliest in point of flowering, producing its blossoms from
+February to May; these are large and of a bright orange hue, the
+pistilla in the centre are purple, and serve at once to distinguish and
+embellish them.
+
+It was first described in the _10th ed._ of _Linn. Syst. Nat._ and
+afterwards inserted in the _Hort. Kew._ of Mr. AITON, who informs us
+that it is a native of the Cape, and was cultivated by Mr. MILLER, in
+the year 1750. Prof. MURRAY omits it in his _12th ed._ of the _Syst.
+Vegetab._ of LINNAEUS, as does Prof. GMELIN in the last edition of _Linn.
+Syst. Nat._
+
+The facility with which this tribe in general is increased by cuttings
+is well known; this is raised as readily as the others.
+
+[Illustration: No 262]
+
+[Illustration: No 263]
+
+
+
+
+[263]
+
+GLYCINE BIMACULATA. PURPLE GLYCINE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 2-labiatus. _Corollae_ carina apice vexillum reflectens.
+
+_Specific Character._
+
+     GLYCINE _bimaculata_ caule volubili laevi, foliis simplicibus
+     cordato-oblongis, racemis multifloris.
+
+Of the many plants which within these few years have been raised from
+Botany-Bay seeds, this is one of the first which flowered in this
+country, and one of the most ornamental; to the greenhouse it is indeed
+an invaluable acquisition: we regret that the size of our paper and the
+imperfection of the colouring art, will not admit of our giving a
+representation of it more adequate to its beauty.
+
+It rises up with a twining shrubby stalk to the height of six, eight, or
+more feet; these multiplying greatly by age, become loaded with a
+profusion of purple flowers, growing in racemi, the richness of which is
+enlivened by the appearance of two green spots at the base of the
+vexillum; for the most part the blossoms go off with us without
+producing any seed-vessels; in some instances, however, perfect seeds
+have been produced, and we have seen a plant in bloom raised from such
+in the charming retreat of JOHN ORD, Esq. Walham-Green.
+
+A great excellence of this plant is the duration of its flowering
+period, it begins to put forth its blossoms in February, and continues
+to do so during most of the summer.
+
+In the Nurseries about town, it is known by the name of _Glycine
+virens_, a name given the plant originally by Dr. SOLANDER; the latter
+of these terms we have taken the liberty of changing to _bimaculata_, as
+being more expressive of an obvious character in the flower: we might,
+perhaps, been justified in altering the genus, as its characters do not
+appear to be peculiarly expressive of a Glycine, nor indeed of any other
+genus in this numerous natural order.
+
+It is raised readily from seeds.
+
+We think it highly probable, that in warm sheltered situations, this
+climber might grow in the open ground; to such as have it in abundance,
+we recommend them to make the experiment.
+
+
+
+
+[264]
+
+CISTUS FORMOSUS. BEAUTIFUL CISTUS.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ 5-petala. _Cal._ 5-phyllus, foliolis duobus minoribus.
+     _Capsula._
+
+Mr. LEE, Nurseryman of Hammersmith, informs me, that in the year 1780,
+he raised the Cistus here figured from seeds, the produce of Portugal,
+and as its flowers were uncommonly beautiful, he was induced to name it
+_formosus_.
+
+It approaches so near to the _Cistus halimifolius_ in point of habit, in
+the form and colour of its leaves and flowers, that we are inclined
+rather to regard it as a variety of that plant, than as a distinct
+species; at the same time it must be allowed to be a very striking
+variety, the flowers being at least thrice as large as those of the
+_halimifolius_ usually are, and the whole plant more hairy: as an
+ornamental shrub, it is highly deserving a place in all curious
+collections.
+
+It will grow very well in the open border in warm sheltered situations,
+it may be kept also in a pot, by which means it may more readily be
+sheltered during the winter, either in the greenhouse or under a frame.
+
+It flowers early in May, and may be increased by cuttings.
+
+[Illustration: No 264]
+
+[Illustration: No 265]
+
+
+
+
+[265]
+
+IXIA BULBOCODIUM. CROCUS-LEAV'D IXIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ 1-petala, tubulosa; tubo recto, filiformi; limbo 6-partito,
+     campanulato, aequali. _Stigmata_ tria, simplicia. _Thunb. Diss.
+     de Ixia._
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     IXIA _Bulbocodium_ scapo unifloro brevissimo, foliis angulatis
+     caulinis, stigmatibus sextuplicibus. _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13. p.
+     76._
+
+     IXIA _Bulbocodium_ scapo ramoso, floribus solitariis, foliis
+     sulcatis reflexis. _Thunb. Diss. n. 3._
+
+     CROCUS vernus angustifolius. 1. 11. _Clus. Hist. i. p. 207._
+     violaceo flore, 208. _ejusd._
+
+There are three plants cultivated in the gardens of the curious to which
+_Bulbocodium_ is applied, either as a generic or a trivial name, viz.
+_Narcissus Bulbocodium_, _Bulbocodium vernum_, already figured, and the
+present plant: the _Ixia Bulbocodium_ and _Bulbocodium vernum_ are given
+in this work, not so much for their beauty as their rarity, not so much
+to gratify the eye, as to communicate a knowledge of two plants but
+little known, and liable to be confounded from a similarity of their
+names.
+
+This is one of the few hardy species of the genus, and grows wild in
+many parts of Spain and Italy; it is said to have been found in
+Guernsey: it affects hilly and dry situations, will grow readily in
+almost any soil, especially if fresh, and not infested with vermin: it
+flowers about the middle of April, the blossoms do not expand fully
+unless exposed to the sun, and are not of long duration: authors
+describe the wild plants as varying greatly in colour, _vid. Clus._ they
+are most commonly pale blue.
+
+Like the Crocus, it increases readily by offsets.
+
+Was cultivated by Mr. MILLER, in 1739, _Ait. Kew._ Bulbocodium, 1. in
+the 6th edition of his Dictionary in 4to, is not this plant, but the
+_Anthericum scrotinum_, _Jacq. Fl. Austr. v. 5. app. t. 38._
+
+
+
+
+[266]
+
+RANUNCULUS AMPLEXICAULIS. PLANTAIN-LEAVED CROWFOOT.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ deciduus. 5 phyllus, (rarius 3-phyllus) _Petala_ 5, (rarius
+     2, 3, aut 8) intra ungues squamula vel poro mellifero. _Styli_
+     persistentes. _Sem._ incrustata, erecta. _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13.
+     Gmel._
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     RANUNCULUS _amplexicaulis_ foliis ovatis acuminatis
+     amplexicaulibus, caule multifloro, radice fasciculata. _Linn. Syst.
+     Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 515._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 265._
+
+     RANUNCULUS montanus foliis plantaginis. _Bauh. Pin. 180._
+
+     RANUNCULUS pyrenaeus albo flore. _Clus. app. alt. auct. ic. 4 ta._
+     _Ger. emac. 963. fig. 2._
+
+The leaves of the _Ranunculus amplexicaulis_ in part surround the stalk
+at their base, whence its trivial name; in colour they differ from most
+others of the genus, being of a greyer or more glaucous hue, which
+peculiarity joined to the delicate whiteness of the flowers, renders
+this species a very desirable one to add to a collection of hardy,
+ornamental, herbaceous plants, more especially as it occupies but little
+space, and has no tendency to injure the growth of others.
+
+It is a native of the Apennine and Pyrenean mountains, and flowers in
+April and May.
+
+CLUSIUS is the first author who describes and figures this species.
+JOHNSON in his _ed._ of GERARD copies his figure, and mentions it as
+being then made a denizen of our gardens.
+
+It is readily propagated by parting its roots in Autumn, and provided it
+has a pure air will succeed in most soils an situations.
+
+[Illustration: No 266]
+
+[Illustration: No. 267]
+
+
+
+
+[267]
+
+PYRUS SPECTABILIS. CHINESE APPLE TREE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+ICOSANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 5-fidus. _Petala_ 5. _Pomum_ inferum, 5-loculare,
+     polyspermum.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     PYRUS _spectabilis_ umbellis sessilibus, foliis ovali oblongis
+     serratis laevibus, unguibus calyce longioribus, stylis basi lanatis.
+     _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p. 175._ _Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 13._ _Gmel. p.
+     842._
+
+The Chinese Apple-Tree when it blossoms in perfection, answers truly to
+the name of _spectabilis_; a more shewy or ornamental tree can scarcely
+be introduced to decorate the shrubbery or plantation; its beauty like
+that of most trees, whose ornament consists chiefly in their blossoms,
+is however but of short duration, and depends in some degree on the
+favourableness of the season at the time of their expansion, which
+usually takes place about the end of April or beginning of May; the
+flowers are large, of a pale red when open, and semi-double, the buds
+are of a much deeper hue, the fruit is of little account, and but
+sparingly produced. Trees of this species are to be met with in some
+gardens of the height of twenty or thirty feet.
+
+Dr. FOTHERGILL is regarded as the first who introduced this Chinese
+native, he cultivated it in the year 1780; such plants of it as were in
+his collection, passed at his decease into the hands of Messrs. GORDON
+and THOMPSON, in whose rich and elegant Nursery, at Mile-End, this tree
+may be seen in great perfection.
+
+Though perfectly hardy, as its blossoms are liable to be injured by
+cutting winds, it will be most proper to plant it in a shelter'd
+situation.
+
+It is usually increased by grafting it on the Crab stock.
+
+
+
+
+[268]
+
+GLYCINE RUBICUNDA. DINGY-FLOWERED GLYCINE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 2-labiatus. _Corollae_ carina apice vexillum reflectens.
+
+_Specific Character._
+
+     GLYCINE _rubicunda_ caule perenni volubili, foliis ternatis,
+     foliolis subovalibus integerrimis, pedunculis subtrifloris.
+
+The plant here figured, and very generally known to the Nurserymen, in
+the neighbourhood of London, by the name of _Glycine rubicunda_, is a
+native of New South-Wales, and was introduced to this country about the
+same time as the _Glycine bimaculata_ already figured.
+
+It is a shrubby, twining plant, running up to the height of five, six,
+or more feet, producing blossoms abundantly from April to June, which
+are usually succeeded by seed-vessels which ripen their seeds with us.
+
+The flowers though large and shewy, have a kind of dingy or lurid
+appearance, which greatly diminishes their beauty. We have observed the
+blossoms of some plants more brilliant than those of others, and we
+think it highly probable, that, at some future period, seminal varieties
+may be obtained with flowers highly improved in colour.
+
+This species is readily raised from seeds, is of quick growth, and may
+be regarded as one of our more hardy green-house plants: probably it may
+succeed in the open air, if planted in a warm situation, and sheltered
+in inclement seasons.
+
+[Illustration: No 268]
+
+[Illustration: No 269]
+
+
+
+
+[269]
+
+ORNITHOGALUM NUTANS. NEAPOLITAN STAR OF BETHLEHEM.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ 6 petala, erecta, persistens, supra medium patens,
+     _Filamenta_ alterna basi dilatata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     ORNITHOGALUM _nutans_ floribus secundis pendulis, nectario stamineo
+     campaniformi. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 328._ _Ait.
+     Kew. v. i. p. 443._
+
+     ORNITHOGALUM exoticum magno flore minori innato. _Bauh. Pin. p.
+     70._
+
+     ORNITHOGALUM Neopolitanum, the Starre-flower of Naples. _Park.
+     Parad. p. 138. p. 137. f. 8._ _Clus. app. alt. p. 9. fig. 7._
+
+Authors have given to this species of Ornithogalum the name of
+Neapolitan, following CLUSIUS by whom the plant is figured and
+described, and who so called it, merely on receiving it from Naples; it
+may perhaps be doubted whether it be originally a native of Italy. Prof.
+JACQUIN has figured it in his _Flora Austriaca_, the plant being common
+about Vienna, in garden-walks, under hedges, and in meadows, he does not
+however, from that circumstance, regard it as an original native there.
+CASP. BAUHIN informs us that HONORIUS BELLI sent it him from Crete under
+the name of _Phalangium_, leaving its true habitat to be settled more
+precisely hereafter, we shall observe, that it is one of those plants
+which soon accommodate themselves to any country; producing a numerous
+progeny both from roots and seeds, and by no means nice as to soil or
+situation; it is not long before it becomes a weed in the garden, from
+whence it is apt like the _Hyacinthus racemosus_, already figured, to
+pass into the field or meadow.
+
+Its flowers, which if not beautiful are singular and delicate, make
+their appearance towards the end of April, they are of no long duration,
+seldom continuing above a fortnight, and are succeeded by seed-vessels
+which produce abundance of ripe seed, by which, as well as by its bulbs,
+the plant may be increased.
+
+In the _Hortus Kewensis_ it is set down as a Greenhouse plant, one of
+the rare errors which occur in that most useful work.
+
+[Illustration: No 270]
+
+
+
+
+[270]
+
+GLYCINE COCCINEA. SCARLET GLYCINE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 2-labiatus. _Corollae_ carina apice vexillum reflectens.
+
+_Specific Character._
+
+     GLYCINE _coccinea_ foliis ternatis, foliolis subrotundis undulatis.
+
+We here present our readers with another Glycine, very lately raised by
+several persons in the neighbourhood of London from Botany-Bay seeds,
+and which we have called _coccinea_ from the colour of its blossoms.
+
+It is a shrubby, climbing plant, which, if supported, will grow to the
+height of many feet, producing a great number of flowers on its pendant
+branches; the leaves, which grow three together, are nearly round, and,
+in the older ones especially, are crimped or curled at the edges; the
+flowers grow for the most part in pairs, are of a glowing scarlet
+colour, at the base of the carina somewhat inclined to purple, the
+bottom of the vexillum is decorated with a large yellow spot, verging to
+green, which adds much to the beauty of the flower.
+
+It blossoms from April to June, and appears to be fully as much disposed
+to produce seed vessels, and perfect seeds, as the _rubicunda_, and by
+which alone it has hitherto been propagated.
+
+We must rank it among the more tender green-house plants.
+
+
+
+
+[271]
+
+CYRTANTHUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS. NARROW-LEAVED CYRTANTHUS.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ tubulosa, clavata, curva, 6-fida, laciniae ovato-oblongae.
+     _Filamenta_ tubo inserta, apice conniventia. _Linn. Fil._
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     CYRTANTHUS _angustifolius_ foliis obtuse carinatis rectis, floribus
+     cernuis, _Linn. Fil. Ait. Kew. v. i. p. 414._
+
+     CRINUM _angustifolium_ foliis linearibus obtusis, corollis
+     cylindricis: laciniis alternis interglandulosis. _Linn. Suppl.
+     195._
+
+CYRTANTHUS is a genus which takes its name from the curvature of its
+flower, was established by the younger LINNAEUS, and adopted by Mr. AITON
+in the _Hortus Kewensis_.
+
+The present species is a native of the Cape, and was added to the royal
+collection at Kew, by Mr. MASSON, in the year 1774. The plant from
+whence our drawing was made flowered the preceding May with Mr. WHITLEY,
+Nurseryman, Old Brompton, who received it from Holland, and who has been
+so fortunate as to obtain young plants of it from seed.
+
+It flowers in May and June; requires the same treatment as other Cape
+bulbs, and may be increased by offsets and seeds.
+
+At the extremity of each alternate segment of the corolla there is a
+kind of small glandular hook, deserving of notice.
+
+[Illustration: N.271]
+
+
+
+
+[272]
+
+GLADIOLUS TRISTIS. SQUARE-LEAVED CORN-FLAG.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+TRIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ 6-partita, ringens. _Stamina_ adscendentia.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     GLADIOLUS _tristis_ foliis lineari-cruciatis, corollis
+     campanulatis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 86._ _Ait.
+     Kew. v. 1. p. 63._
+
+     LILIO-GLADIOLUS bifolius et biflorus, foliis quadrangulis. _Trew.
+     Ehret. t. 39._
+
+     GLADIOLUS _tristis_ foliis linearibus sulcatis, caule bifloro, tubo
+     longissimo, segmentis aequalibus. _Mill. Dict. ed. 6. 4to._
+
+LINNAEUS gave to this species of _Gladiolus_ the name of _tristis_, from
+the colour of its flowers, which however possess scarcely sufficient of
+the sombre to justify the appellation; still less so if they vary in the
+manner represented in TREW'S _Ehret_, where they are painted in gay and
+lively colours: in the specimens we have seen, the blossoms have been of
+a sulphur colour, shaded in particular parts with very fine pencillings,
+especially on the under side: most authors describe the flowering stems
+as producing only two flowers, LINNAEUS has observed that they sometimes
+produce many, we have seen them do so where the plant has grown in
+perfection; in their expansion, which usually takes place in April and
+May, they give forth a most agreeable fragrance.
+
+It is a native of the Cape, and other parts of Africa; was cultivated by
+Mr. MILLER, and flowered in the Chelsea Garden in the year 1745. _Ait.
+Kew._
+
+The leaves which so characteristically distinguish this species are
+highly deserving of notice, instances of such rarely occur; as the bulbs
+produce numerous offsets, the plant is propagated by them without
+difficulty, and requires the same treatment as other Cape bulbs.
+
+[Illustration: No 272]
+
+[Illustration: No 273]
+
+
+
+
+[273]
+
+DIOSMA UNIFLORA. ONE-FLOWERED DIOSMA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ 5-petala. _Nectaria_ 5, supra germen. _Caps._ 3. s. 5.
+     coalitae. _Sem._ calyptrata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     DIOSMA _uniflora_ foliis ovato oblongis, floribus solitariis
+     terminalibus. _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 287._ _Syst. Vegetab. ed.
+     14._ _Murr. p. 239._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 276._
+
+     CISTUS humilis aethiopicus, inferioribus foliis rosmarini sylvestris
+     punctatis, caeteris autem serpylli subrotundis, flore carneo. _Pluk.
+     mant. 49. t. 342. f. 5._
+
+The _Diosma uniflora_ another native of the Cape, that never failing
+source of vegetable riches, was introduced to the Royal Garden at Kew by
+Mr. MASSON in the year 1775, it flowers in our Green-Houses from April
+to June, and is usually propagated by cuttings.
+
+This plant forms a small bushy shrub, the leaves are thickly and
+irregularly set on the branches, quite up to the flowers, which stand
+singly on their summits, and are larger than those of any other known
+species of Diosma, expanding as we have found on trial beyond the size
+of half-a-crown, which the blossom does in our figure, though it will
+not appear to do so to the eye of most observers; they are without
+scent, the calyx is large and continuing, composed of five
+ovato-lanceolate leaves, reddish on the upper side, and if viewed from
+above visible between the petals; the petals are five in number, much
+larger than the calyx, and deciduous, of a white colour with a streak of
+red running down the middle of each, surface highly glazed, the stamina
+are composed of five short filaments, white and slightly hairy, broad at
+their base and tapering gradually to a fine point, by which they are
+inserted into the hind part of the antherae, near the bottom; the
+antherae are as long as the filaments, of a brown purple colour, bending
+over the stigma, and opening inwardly, each carrying on the upper part
+of its back a gland-like substance, of a pale brown colour: besides
+these parts there are five filamentous bodies alternating with, and of
+the same length as the stamina, of a white colour, and hairy, each
+dilating at its extremity where it is of a reddish hue, and presenting
+towards the antherae an oval somewhat concave surface, which secretes a
+viscous liquid; in some flowers that we have examined, and we regret
+seeing but few, we have observed these nectaries (for such they may be
+strictly called) closely adhering by their viscous summits to the
+glandular substances at the back of the antherae[2]; the germen is
+studded with a constellation of little glands, which pour forth, and
+almost deluge it with nectar; the stigma is composed of five little
+round knobs: seed vessels we have not seen.
+
+[Footnote 2: What the use of this very extraordinary apparatus may be we
+can at present scarcely conjecture, future observation may perhaps
+enable us to speak more decisively; when we figure the _Diosma
+ericoides_ we shall probably have more to say of this species.]
+
+
+
+
+[274]
+
+BORBONIA CRENATA. HEART-LEAVED BORBONIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ acuminato-spinosus. _Stigma_ emarginatum. _Legumen_
+     mucronatum.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     BORBONIA _crenata_ foliis cordatis multinerviis denticulatis.
+     _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 643._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p.
+     9._
+
+     FRUTEX _aethiopicus_ leguminosus, foliis rusci majoribus in ambitu
+     spinulis fimbriatis. _Pluk. Alm. 159._
+
+     PLANTA leguminosa aethiopica, foliis rusci. _Breyn. Cent. t. 28._
+
+_Borbonia_ is a genus of plants established by LINNAEUS in the 6th
+edition of his _Genera Plantarum_; of this genus there are six species
+enumerated in the 3d edition of the _Species Plant_. and two in the
+_Hort. Kew._ the latter of which, the _crenata_, introduced from the
+Cape by Mr. MASSON, in 1774, is here figured.
+
+It is a small shrubby plant, rarely exceeding the height of three feet,
+producing its flowers in a small cluster on the summits of the branches;
+these are of a yellow colour, and have nothing about them peculiarly
+singular, or beautiful; it is the foliage alone which renders this plant
+desirable in a collection.
+
+It flowers from June to August, and in favourable seasons ripens its
+seeds, by which the plant is usually propagated.
+
+[Illustration: No 274]
+
+[Illustration: No 275]
+
+
+
+
+[275]
+
+LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA. COMMON TULIP-TREE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 3-phyllus. _Petala_ 6. _Sem._ imbricata in strobilum.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     LIRIODENDRON _Tulipifera_ foliis lobatis. _Linn. Syst. Veg. ed.
+     14._ _Murr. p. 507._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. 250._
+
+     TULIPIFERA virginiana, tripartito aceris folio: media lacinia velut
+     abscissa. _Pluk. Alm. 379. t. 117. f. 5. & t. 248. f. 7._ _Catesb.
+     Carol. 1. p. 48. t. 48._
+
+     LIRIODENDRON foliis angulatis truncatis. _Trew. Ehret. t. x._
+
+The Tulip-tree is a native of most parts of North-America, MARSHALL
+describes it as often growing to the size of a very large tree, 70 or 80
+feet in height, and above 4 feet in diameter; he mentions two varieties,
+one with yellow and the other with white wood; that with yellow wood is
+soft and brittle, much used for boards, heels of shoes, also turned into
+bowls, trenchers, &c. the white is heavy, tough, and hard, and is sawed
+into joists, boards, &c. for building.
+
+RAY informs us in his _Hist. Pl._ that this tree was cultivated here by
+Bishop COMPTON, in 1688: and from MILLER we learn, that the first tree
+of the kind which flowered in this country, was in the gardens of the
+Earl of PETERBOROUGH, at Parsons-Green, near Fulham; in Mr. ORD'S
+garden, at Walham-Green, there is, among other choice old trees, a very
+fine tulip-tree, which is every year covered with blossoms, and which
+afforded us the specimen here figured. It flowers in June and July,
+rarely ripens its seeds with us, though it does readily in America.
+
+The foliage of this plant is extremely singular, most of the leaves
+appearing as if truncated, or cut off at the extremity; they vary
+greatly in the division of their lobes, the flowers differ from those of
+the tulip in having a calyx, but agree as to the number of petals, which
+is six; and so they are described in the sixth edition of the _Gen. Pl._
+of LINN. but in _Professor_ MURRAY'S _Syst. Veg. Ait. H. K. Linn. Syst.
+Nat. ed. 13_, by GMELIN, 9 are given, this in the first instance must be
+a mere typographical error arising from the inversion of the 6.
+
+This tree is found to flourish most in a soil moderately stiff and
+moist, is usually raised from seeds, the process of which is amply
+described by MILLER in his Dictionary.
+
+[Illustration: No 276]
+
+
+
+
+[276]
+
+BLITUM VIRGATUM. STRAWBERRY BLITE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+MONANDRIA DIGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Col._ 3-fidus. _Petala_ O. _Sem._ 1. calyce baccato.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     BLITUM _virgatum_ capitellis sparsis lateralibus. _Linn. Syst.
+     Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 53._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 7._
+
+     ATRIPLEX sylvestris mori fructu. _Bauh. Pin. p. 519._
+
+     ATRIPLEX sylvestris baccifera. _Clus. Hist. cxxxv._
+
+This plant, not unfrequently met with in gardens, is known to most
+cultivators by the name of _Strawberry Spinach_; the leaves somewhat
+resembling those of the latter, and the fruit that of the former: C.
+BAUHINE likens its berries to those of the Mulberry, to which they
+certainly bear a greater resemblance: in most of the species of this
+genus the calyx exhibits a very singular phenomenon, when the flowering
+is over, it increases in size, becomes fleshy, and finally pulpy,
+containing the ripe seed, which however it does not wholly envelope;
+thus from each cluster of flowers growing in the alae of the leaves are
+produced so many berries, of a charming red colour, to which the plant
+owes its beauty altogether, for the flowers are small, herbaceous, and
+not distinctly visible to the naked eye; they can boast however of being
+of the first class in the Linnean system _Monandria_, to which few
+belong.
+
+Strawberry Blite is a hardy annual, growing spontaneously in some parts
+of France, Spain, and Tartary; is not a very old inhabitant of our
+gardens, Mr. AITON mentioning it as being first cultivated by Mr. MILLER
+in 1759. Its berries are produced from June to September; in their taste
+they have nothing to recommend them, though not pleasant they are
+harmless.
+
+CLUSIUS we believe to be the first author who gives a figure and
+description of it.
+
+It affects a dry soil, and open situation; in such there is no necessity
+to give any particular directions for its cultivation, as it comes up
+readily from seed spontaneously scattered, so much so as sometimes to
+prove a troublesome weed.
+
+
+
+
+[277]
+
+MAHERNIA PINNATA. WINGED MAHERNIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 5-dentatus. _Petala_ 5. _Nectaria_ 5 obcordata, filamentis
+     supposita. _Caps._ 5-locularis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     MAHERNIA _pinnata_, foliis tripartito pinnatifidis. _Linn. Syst.
+     Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 308._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 398._
+
+     HERMANNIA foliis tripartitis, media pinnatifida. _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed.
+     3. p. 943._
+
+     HERMANNIA frutescens, folio multifido tenui, caule rubro. _Boerh.
+     Lugd. 1. p. 273._
+
+LINNAEUS, in his _Spec. Pl._ regarded this plant as a species of
+_Hermannia_; finding afterwards that it differed materially in its
+fructification from that genus, he made a new one of it in his
+_Mantissa_, by the name of _Mahernia_; still, however, the two genera
+are very nearly related: one principal difference consists in the
+nectaria of the _Mahernia_, which are very remarkable.
+
+This species was introduced from the Cape, where it is a native, by Mr.
+MASSON, in 1774, and is now very generally met with in our green-houses.
+It produces its little bells, of a lively red when they first open, from
+June to August, or September; is a small delicate plant, and easily
+raised from cuttings.
+
+[Illustration: No 277]
+
+[Illustration: No 278]
+
+
+
+
+[278]
+
+LILIUM CANDIDUM. WHITE LILY.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ 6-petala, campanulata: linea longitudinali nectarifera.
+     _Caps._ valvulis pilo cancellato connexis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     LILIUM _candidum_ foliis sparsis, corollis campanulatis, intus
+     glabris. _Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 3. p. 433._ _Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._
+     _Murr. p. 324._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 429._
+
+     LILIUM album flore erecto et vulgare. _Bauh. Pin. 76._
+
+     LILIUM album vulgare. The ordinary White Lily. _Park. Parad. p. 39.
+     t. 37. f. 4._
+
+We may rank the White Lily among the very oldest inhabitants of the
+flower-garden; in the time of GERARD it was very generally cultivated,
+and doubtless at a much earlier period; a plant of such stateliness, so
+shewy, so fragrant, and at the same time so much disposed to increase,
+would of course soon be found very generally in gardens, into which its
+introduction would be accelerated on another account; it was regarded as
+a plant of great efficacy; among other extraordinary powers attributed
+to it, we are gravely told that it taketh away the wrinkles of the face.
+
+LINNAEUS makes it a native of Palestine and Syria; Mr. AITON of the
+Levant.
+
+Its blossoms, which open early in July, continue about three weeks, and
+when they go off leave the flower-garden greatly thinned of its
+inhabitants.
+
+Of the White Lily there are three principal varieties:
+
+  1. With double flowers.
+  2. With flowers blotched with purple.
+  3. With striped leaves, or leaves edged with yellow.
+
+The two first of these are to be esteemed merely as curiosities; in the
+third the plant acquires an accession of beauty which it has not
+originally; though many persons object to variegated leaves, as
+conveying an idea of fickliness, that complaint cannot be urged against
+the foliage of the striped Lily, to which the borders of the
+flower-garden are indebted for one of their chief ornaments during the
+autumnal and winter months; early in September these begin to emerge,
+and towards spring another set rises up in their centre, of more upright
+growth, and which announce the rising of the flowering stem.
+
+Besides these varieties, LINNAEUS has considered the _Lilium album
+floribus dependentibus s. peregrinum_ of C. BAUHINE, the _Sultan
+Zambach_ of CLUSIUS, and the _Hortus Eystettensis_, as one of its
+varieties also: MILLER regards this plant as a distinct species, and
+those who have attentively examined the figures and descriptions of
+CLUSIUS and the _Hort. Eyst._ will be of the same opinion.
+
+The Lily increases most abundantly by offsets, hence it becomes
+necessary that the bulbs should be taken up, and reduced every second or
+third year; but the striped leaved variety increasing much more slowly,
+should remain unmolested for a greater length of time.
+
+There is scarcely a soil or situation in which the Lily will not grow,
+it will thrive most in a soil moderately stiff and moist; though a
+native of a warm climate no severity of weather affects it with us: we
+may learn from this, not to regulate the culture of plants invariably by
+the climate in which they grow spontaneously.
+
+The best time for removing the bulbs of this plant is about the middle
+of August, before they shoot forth their leaves; but they may be
+transplanted any time from September to spring.
+
+[Illustration: No 279]
+
+
+
+
+[279]
+
+PLUMERIA RUBRA. RED PLUMERIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     Contorta. _Folliculi_ 2. reflexi. _Semina_ membranae propriae
+     inserta.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     PLUMERIA _rubra_ foliis ovato-oblongis, petiolis biglandulosis.
+     _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 254._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p.
+     298._
+
+     PLUMERIA flore roseo odoratissimo. _Tourn. Inst. 659._ _Trew.
+     Ehret. Tab. xli._
+
+_Plumeria_ is a genus of plants named by TOURNEFORT in honour of his
+countryman the celebrated PLUMIER, it comes near to Nerium or Oleander,
+and contains several species, all natives of warm climates.
+
+The present plant is a native of Jamaica, where it is known by the name
+of Red Jasmine, from whence seeds and large cuttings are often sent to
+this country; here they require the stove to bring them to flower:
+seed-vessels they are never known to produce.
+
+The flowers, which are very odoriferous, are produced in July and August
+in large bunches, on the summits of the branches, from whence the leaves
+also proceed; the stems, which grow to a considerable height as well as
+thickness, are naked, and the whole plant loses its foliage from the
+middle of winter till about the beginning of May; the branches and other
+parts of the plant, when broken off, give forth a milky juice, the
+leaves are handsome, and the veins remarkable.
+
+Being too tender to bear the open air of this climate, it is kept in the
+stove even during summer, in hot weather it must have plenty of air, and
+in cold seasons be sparingly watered.
+
+Is propagated by seeds, but more frequently by cuttings, which MILLER
+recommends to be put by for two months or ten weeks, previous to their
+being committed to the earth.
+
+[Illustration: No 280]
+
+
+
+
+[280]
+
+APOCYNUM ANDROSAEMIFOLIUM. TUTSAN-LEAV'D, or FLY-CATCHING DOGSBANE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ campanulata. _Glandulae_ 5 cum staminibus alternae.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     APOCYNUM _androsaemifolium_ caule rectiuseulo herbaceo, foliis
+     ovatis utrinque glabris, cymis terminalibus. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab.
+     ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 258._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 303._
+
+     APOCYNUM canadense; foliis androsaemi majoris. _Bocc. sicc. 35. t.
+     16. f. 3._ _Moris. Hist. 3. p. 609. s. 15. t. 3. f. 16._
+
+In addition to the powerful recommendations of beauty and fragrance, the
+Tutsan-leav'd Dogsbane interests us on account of the curious structure
+of its flowers, and their singular property of catching flies.
+
+This species is a native of different parts of North-America; Mr. W.
+HALE, of Alton, Hants, who resided at Halifax in Nova-Scotia several
+years, brought me some seeds of it gathered in that neighbourhood, which
+vegetated, and produced flowering plants: it is not new to this country,
+being known to MORISON who figures it, and to MILLER, who cultivated it
+in 1731.
+
+It is a hardy perennial plant, growing to about the height of a foot and
+a half, or two feet, and flowering from the beginning of July, to
+September; it has a creeping root, thereby it increases greatly in light
+dry soils, and warm situations, so as even to be troublesome; it will
+not thrive in a wet soil; with us it produces seed-vessels but rarely;
+is propagated by parting its roots in Autumn or Spring; MILLER
+recommends March as the most proper season, or it may be raised from
+seeds, which in certain situations and seasons ripen here.
+
+The flowers of this Apocynum have a sweet honey-like fragrance, which
+perfumes the air to a considerable distance, and no doubt operates
+powerfully in attracting insects; when a plant of this sort is fully
+blown, one may always find flies caught in its blossoms, usually by the
+trunk, very rarely by the leg; sometimes four, or even five, which is
+the greatest possible number, are found in one flower, some dead, others
+endeavouring to disentangle themselves, in which they are now and then
+so fortunate as to succeed; these flies are of different species, the
+_musca pipiens_, a slender variegated fly with thick thighs, is a very
+common victim, the _musca domestica_, or house fly, we have never
+observed among the captives.
+
+Previous to our explaining the manner in which it appears to us that
+these insects are caught, it will be necessary that we should describe,
+in as plain a manner as possible, those parts of the flower which more
+particularly constitute this fatal fly trap.
+
+On looking into the flower we perceive five Stamina, the Antherae of
+which are large, of a yellow colour, and converge into a kind of cone;
+each of these Antherae is arrow-shaped, towards the top of the cone their
+sides touch but do not adhere, below they separate a little, so as to
+leave a very narrow opening or slit between each, they are placed on
+very short filaments, which stand so far apart that a considerable
+opening is left between them, which openings, however, are closed up by
+processes of the corolla, nicely adapted to, and projecting into them;
+at the bottom of, and in the very centre of the flower, we perceive two
+germina, or seed-buds, the rudiments of future seed-vessels, surrounded
+by glandular substances, secreting a sweet liquid; on the summit of
+these germina, and betwixt the two, stands the stigma, in the form of a
+little urn, the middle of which is encircled by a glandular ring, which
+secretes a viscid honey-like substance, to this part of the stigma the
+Antherae interiorly adhere most tenaciously, so as to prevent their
+separation unless considerable force be applied; it is, as we apprehend,
+the sweet viscid substance thus secreted by the stigma, within the
+Antherae, which the fly endeavours to obtain, and to this end insinuates
+its trunk first into the lowermost and widest part of the slit, betwixt
+each of the Antherae above described, pushing it of necessity upwards:
+when gratified, not having the sense to place itself in the same
+position as that in which it stood when it inserted its trunk, and to
+draw it out in the same direction downwards, unfortunately for it, it
+varies its position, and pulling its trunk upwards, draws it into the
+narrow part of the slit, where it becomes closely wedged in, and the
+more it pulls the more securely it is caught, and thus this heedless
+insect, as THOMSON calls it, terminates its existence in captivity most
+miserable.
+
+In the incomparable poem of Dr. DARWIN, entitled the _Botanic Garden_,
+there is a figure given of this plant; and in the Supplement we have the
+following account written by Mr. DARWIN, of Elston.
+
+"In the Apocynum Androsaemifolium the Anthers converge over the
+nectaries, which consist of five glandular oval corpuscles, surrounding
+the germ, and at the same time admit air to the nectaries at the
+interstice between each anther; but when a fly inserts its proboscis
+between these anthers to plunder the honey, they converge closer, and
+with such violence as to detain the fly, which thus generally perishes."
+
+This explanation of a phaenomenon entitled to much attention, is widely
+different from ours; which of the two is most consonant to truth and
+nature, we shall leave to the determination of future observers.
+
+In explaining the preceding appearances, to prevent confusion we called
+those parts which form the cone in the middle of the flower Antherae, but
+strictly speaking they are not such, the true Antherae being situated on
+the inside of their summits, where they will be found to be ten in
+number, making in fact the Apocynum a decandrous plant.
+
+
+
+
+[281]
+
+TURNERA ANGUSTIFOLIA. NARROW-LEAV'D TURNERA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 5-fidus, infundibuliformis, exterior 2-phyllus. _Petala_ 5
+     calyci inserta. _Stigmata_ multifida. _Caps._ 1-locularis,
+     3-valvis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     TURNERA _angustifolia_ floribus sessilibus petiolaribus, foliis
+     lanceolatis rugosis acuminatis. _Mill. Dict. ed. 6. 4to._
+
+     TURNERA frutescens folio longiore et mucronato. _Mart. Cent. 49. t.
+     49._
+
+This plant here represented is generally known to the Nurserymen about
+London as the _Turnera ulmifolia_, or _Elm-leav'd Turnera_, its foliage
+however does not answer to the name, nor to the figures of the plant as
+given by MARTYN in his _Cent. Pl._ and LINNAEUS in his _Hortus
+Cliffortianus_, which figures indeed are so similar that they look like
+copies of each other, these represent the true elm leaf; on the same
+plate of _Martyn's Cent._ there is given a very excellent figure of what
+he considers as another species of Turnera, vide Synon. and which
+MILLER, who cultivated it about the year 1773, also describes as a
+distinct species, under the name of _angustifolia_, asserting, from the
+experience of thirty years, that plants raised from its seeds have
+constantly differed from those of the _ulmifolia_; this is our plant,
+which on his authority we have given as a species, though LINNAEUS
+regards it as a variety.
+
+PLUMIER gave to this genus the name of _Turnera_, in honour of Dr.
+WILLIAM TURNER, a celebrated English Botanist and Physician, who
+published an Herbal, black letter, folio, in 1568.
+
+The present species is a native of the West-Indies, and is commonly
+cultivated in our stoves, where it rises with a semi-shrubby stalk, to
+the height of several feet, seldom continuing more than two or three
+years; young plants generally come up in plenty from seeds spontaneously
+scattered, so that a succession is easily obtained.
+
+It flowers from June to August.
+
+Its foliage has a disagreeable smell when bruised; its flowers are
+shewy, but of short duration, and are remarkable for growing out of the
+footstalk of the leaf.
+
+[Illustration: No 281]
+
+[Illustration: No 282]
+
+
+
+
+[282]
+
+HEDYSARUM OBSCURUM. CREEPING-ROOTED HEDYSARUM.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIADELPHIA DECANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ carina transverse obtusa. _Legumen_ articulis 1-spermis.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     HEDYSARUM _obscurum_ foliis pinnatis, stipulis vaginalibus, caule
+     erecto flexuoso, floribus pendulis. _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._
+     _Murr. p. 676._ _Mant. 447._ _Jacq. Fl. Austr. v. 2. t. 168._
+
+     HEDYSARUM caule recto, ramoso; foliis ovatis; siliquis pendulis,
+     laevissimis, venosis. _Hall. Hist. Helv. n. 395._
+
+     ONOBRYCHIS semine clypeato laevi. _Bauh. Pin. 350._
+
+Prof. JACQUIN, in the second volume of the _Flora austriaca_, gives an
+excellent figure and accurate description of our plant, a native of the
+Alps of Germany and Switzerland, and points out the characters in which
+it differs from the _alpinum_, for which it has sometimes been mistaken.
+
+It is a hardy perennial, rarely exceeding a foot in height, produces its
+spikes of pendulous flowers, which are of a most beautiful purple
+colour, in July and August; hitherto these have not been succeeded by
+seed-vessels with us; though we have cultivated the plant for several
+years.
+
+Its size renders it a suitable plant for rock-work, on which it will
+grow readily, increasing by its roots, which are of the creeping kind.
+
+HALLER mentions a variety of it with white flowers.
+
+
+
+
+[283]
+
+MIMULUS RINGENS. NARROW-LEAVED MONKEY-FLOWER.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIDYNAMIA ANGIOSPERMIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 4-dentatus, prismaticus. _Cor._ ringens; labio superiore
+     lateribus replicato. _Caps._ 2-locularis, polysperma.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     MIMULUS _ringens_ erectus, foliis oblongis linearibus sessilibus.
+     _Linn. Syst. Vegetab. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 575._ _Ait. Kew. v. 2. p.
+     361._
+
+     EUPHRASIA floridana lysimachiae glabrae siliquosae foliis, quadrato
+     caule ramosior. _Pluk. Amalth. 83. t. 393. f. 3._
+
+     LYSIMACHIA galericulata s. Gratiola elatior non ramosa, &c. _Gron.
+     Fl. Virg. p. 97._
+
+     DIGITALIS perfoliata glabra flore violaceo minore. _Moris. Hist. 2.
+     p. 479. s. 5. t. 8. f. 6._
+
+CLAYTON, in the _Fl. Virg._ published by GRONOVIUS, describes this plant
+as a native of Virginia, and says of it, "maddidis gaudet locis," it
+delights in wet places: LINNAEUS makes it a native of Canada also.
+
+It is a hardy, perennial, herbaceous plant, growing with us to the
+height of about two feet, and producing its flowers, which are of a pale
+violet colour, in July and August; these are frequently succeeded by
+capsules containing perfect seeds, by which the plant may be propagated,
+as also by parting its roots in Autumn; MILLER recommends the seeds to
+be sown as soon as ripe.
+
+The plant succeeds best in a moist and somewhat shady situation, with a
+loamy soil.
+
+A perusal of the synonyms will shew to what a variety of genera this
+plant has been referred by different authors; LINNAEUS first gave to it
+the name of _Mimulus_, of which term we find in his _Philosophia
+Botanica_ the following concise explanation:--"MIMULUS mimus
+personatus;" in plain English, a masked mimick: MIMMULUS is a classical
+word for the Pedicularis, or Lousewort; the English term Monkey flower
+has probably been given it, from an idea that _mimulus_ originated from
+[Greek: mimo] a monkey, as in _mimusops_ monkey face.
+
+[Illustration: No 283]
+
+
+
+
+[284]
+
+ROSA SEMPERFLORENS. EVER-BLOWING ROSE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Petala_ 5. _Cal._ urceolatus, 5-fidus, carnosus, collo coarctatus,
+     demum baccatus, coloratus. _Antrum_ duplicatum, 1-loculare, superne
+     apertum, pericarpiis osseis intus nidulantibus.
+
+_Specific Character._
+
+     ROSA _semperflorens_ caule aculeato, foliis subternis, pedunculis
+     subunifloris aculeato-hispidis, calycis laciniis integris.
+
+We are induced to consider the rose here represented, as one of the most
+desirable plants in point of ornament ever introduced to this country;
+its flowers, large in proportion to the plant, are semi-double, and with
+great richness of colour unite a most delightful fragrance; they blossom
+during the whole of the year, more sparingly indeed in the winter
+months; the shrub itself is more hardy than most greenhouse plants, and
+will grow in so small a compass of earth, that it may be reared almost
+in a coffee cup; is kept with the least possible trouble, and propagated
+without difficulty by cuttings or suckers.
+
+For this invaluable acquisition, our country is indebted to the late
+GILBERT SLATER, Esq. of Knots-Green, near Laytonstone, whose untimely
+death every person must deplore, who is a friend to improvements in
+ornamental gardening: in procuring the rarer plants from abroad, more
+particularly from the East-Indies, Mr. SLATER was indefatigable, nor was
+he less anxious to have them in the greatest perfection this country
+will admit; to gain this point there was no contrivance that ingenuity
+could suggest, no labour, no expence withheld; such exertions must soon
+have insured him the first collection of the plants of India: it is now
+about three years since he obtained this rose from China; as he readily
+imparted his most valuable acquisitions to those who were most likely to
+increase them, this plant soon became conspicuous in the collections of
+the principal Nurserymen near town, and in the course of a few years
+will, no doubt, decorate the window of every amateur.
+
+The largest plants we have seen have not exceeded three feet, it may no
+doubt be trained to a much greater height; a variety of it much more
+robust, having usually several flowers on a footstalk, of a pale red
+colour, and semi-double also, has more lately been introduced, and as
+far as we can learn from the same source.
+
+[Illustration: No 284]
+
+[Illustration: No 285]
+
+
+
+
+[285]
+
+JASMINUM ODORATISSIMUM. SWEETEST JASMINE.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+DIANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Corolla_ hypocrateriformis. _Bacca_ dicocca. _Semina_ solitaria,
+     arillata.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     JASMINUM _odoratissimum_ foliis alternis obtusiusculis ternatis
+     pinnatisque, ramis teretibus, laciniis calycinis brevissimis. _Ait.
+     Hort. H. v. 1. p. 10._ _Linn. Syst. Veget. ed. 14._ _Murr. p. 56._
+
+     JASMINUM flavum odoratum. _Barr. Ic. 62._
+
+
+The flowers of most of the species of Jasmine are odoriferous, trivial
+names therefore expressive of this quality are ineligible, as wanting
+character; the present name is peculiarly objectionable, inasmuch as
+several other species are greatly superior to this in point of
+fragrance; a lesson for Botanists to abstain from trivial names of the
+superlative degree, such as _odoratissimum_, _foetidissimum_,
+_maximum_, _minimum_, &c.
+
+The present species, according to Mr. AITON, is a native of Madeira, and
+was cultivated by Mr. MILLER, in 1730; it is now a plant common in most
+greenhouses: it will form a shrub of considerable size, which requires
+no support; its leaves are glossy, inclining to yellow, growing for the
+most part three together, sometimes pinnated; its blossoms, which are
+yellow, make their appearance from May to November: in point of
+hardiness it is superior to many greenhouse plants, and may be
+propagated without difficulty by cuttings.
+
+
+
+
+[286]
+
+PORTLANDIA GRANDIFLORA. GREAT-FLOWERED PORTLANDIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cor._ clavato-infundibuliformis. _Antherae_ 4-6. longitudinales.
+     _Caps._ 5-gona, 2-valvis, retusa, 2-locularis, polysperma, coronata
+     calyce 5-phyllo.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     PORTLANDIA _grandiflora_ floribus pentandris. _Linn. Syst. Veg. ed.
+     14._ _Murr. p. 213._ _Ait. Kew. v. 1. p. 228. foliis ovatis._
+     _Syst. Nat. ed. 13._ _Gmel. p. 360._
+
+     PORTLANDIA _grandiflora_ floribus pentandris, capsulis ovatis,
+     foliis oblongis acuminatis. _Swartz. Obs. Bot. p. 69._
+
+
+Dr. BROWN, in his Natural History of Jamaica, gives to this genus the
+name of _Portlandia_, in honour of the Duchess Dowager of PORTLAND, who
+employed many of the leisure hours of a long and happy life, in the
+pursuits of natural history, in which she was eminently skilled.--She
+was the friend and patron of Mr. LIGHTFOOT, who dedicates to her his
+_Flora Scotica_; the fine collection of rare and valuable trees and
+shrubs which enrich part of the grounds at Bulstrode, were of her
+planting.
+
+Dr. SWARTZ, in his Observations on the Plants of the West-Indies,
+informs us, that this species grows wild in Jamaica, where (_incolit
+calcareosa petrosa_) it inhabits calcareous rocky places[3], forms a
+small tree about the height of six feet, and flowers from the middle of
+Summer to Autumn; its bark, he observes, as in other plants of the same
+genus, is extremely bitter.
+
+From Mr. AITON we learn, that it was introduced here by ---- ELLIS, Esq.
+in 1775.
+
+It forms a very beautiful stove plant, not of difficult growth, and
+readily disposed to flower; we have seen blowing plants of it little
+more than a foot high; its blossoms are not only uncommonly large,
+shewy, and curious in their structure, but fragrant also, and very much
+so when dried.
+
+It is usually increased by cuttings.
+
+[Footnote 3: We wish that every person who describes foreign plants on
+the spot, would do thus; it would greatly facilitate their culture.]
+
+[Illustration: No 286]
+
+[Illustration: No 287]
+
+
+
+
+[287]
+
+GOODENIA LAEVIGATA. SMOOTH GOODENIA.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Flores_ monopetali, superi. _Caps._ bilocularis. _Cor._ supra
+     longitudinaliter fissa, stigma urceolatum ciliatum. _Smith Trans.
+     Linn. Soc. v. 2. p. 346._
+
+_Specific Character._
+
+     GOODENIA laevigata foliis obovato-lanceolatis dentatis glabris.
+
+
+In the Autumn of 1792, SAMUEL TOLFREY Esq. most kindly invited me to
+inspect a vast number of the natural productions of Botany-Bay, in his
+possession; collected with great assiduity, and brought over in high
+preservation by Captain TENCH; among other curiosities, he shewed me
+specimens of the earths of that country, imported in very small bags. I
+suggested to Mr. TOLFREY, that those earths might possibly contain the
+seeds of some curious and unknown plants; he readily acquiesced in the
+idea, and permitted me to make trial of them: accordingly, in the Spring
+of 1793, I exposed them in shallow pans, on a gentle tan heat, keeping
+them duly watered; in the course of the Summer they yielded me fourteen
+plants, most of which were altogether new, and among others the species
+of _Goodenia_ here figured; this we have since found to be a hardy
+greenhouse plant, flowering from July to October, and very readily
+increased by cuttings.
+
+The oldest plant in our possession is about a foot and a half high, much
+branched, the stalks are round and smooth to the naked eye, green below,
+above purplish, the leaves are smooth, a deep bright green colour,
+alternate, standing on footstalks, which gradually widen into the
+leaves, somewhat ovate, and deeply toothed; the flowers grow in the alae
+of the leaves, forming a thin spike, they are sessile, of a pale violet
+colour, and have a peculiar smell which is rather unpleasant; at the
+side of each flower are two long narrow Bracteae; the Calyx, which is
+placed on the germen, is composed of five short ovate leaves, which
+appear edged with hairs if magnified; the Corolla is monopetalous, the
+lower part, which at first is tubular, splits longitudinally above, and
+forms a kind of half tube, the edges of which are brown, the inside
+yellow, the outside greenish, the mouth beset with short hairs, each of
+which is terminated by a small villous head; the limb is deeply divided
+into five linear segments, spreading out like a hand, and terminated by
+short points; the Filaments are five in number, of a whitish colour,
+somewhat broadest above, rather flat, inserted into the receptacle;
+Antherae oval, flattened, yellow, bilocular, a little bent, the length of
+the pistillum; but this is to be understood of such flowers as are not
+yet fully expanded, in those that are, they are much shorter, and appear
+withered; the Style, in flowers about to open, the length of the
+filaments, upright, in those that are opened much longer, and bent
+somewhat downward; Stigma at first upright, in the form of a cup,
+having the edge curiously fringed with white hairs, afterwards it closes
+together, loses its hollow, and assumes a flat appearance, and nods
+somewhat, the back part of it is bearded; Germen beneath the calyx,
+oblong, usually abortive with us.
+
+The name of _Goodenia_ has been given to this genus by Dr. SMITH, in
+honour of the Rev. SAMUEL GOODENOUGH, LL. D. of _Ealing_, my
+much-honoured friend, whose name will be ever dear to Botanists for his
+laborious investigation of the British Carices[4].
+
+[Footnote 4: Vide a Dissertation on the British species of Carex, by Dr.
+GOODENOUGH, in the second volume of the Transactions of the Linnean
+Society.]
+
+[Illustration: No 288]
+
+
+
+
+[288]
+
+PASSIFLORA CILIATA. FRINGED-LEAVED PASSION-FLOWER.
+
+_Class and Order._
+
+GYNANDRIA HEXANDRIA.
+
+_Generic Character._
+
+     _Cal._ 5-phyllus. Petala 5. Stamina germini vicina. _Nectarium_
+     multi-radiatum. _Antrum_ pedicellatum duplicatum 1-loculare.
+
+_Specific Character and Synonyms._
+
+     PASSIFLORA _ciliata_ foliis trilobis glabris ciliato serratis
+     intermedio longissimo, petiolis eglandulosis. _Ait. Kew. v. 3. p.
+     310._
+
+
+This Passion-Flower is described in the _Hort. Kew._ as a new one, under
+the name of _ciliata_, introduced by Mrs. NORMAN, from the West-Indies,
+in 1783: we saw it during the latter part of the last Summer, with great
+profusion of flowers, in several collections, more particularly in that
+of Mr. VERE, Kensington-Gore, from whence our figure and description
+were taken.
+
+Its stalks are round, perfectly smooth, and run to a very great height;
+leaves dark green, glossy, perfectly smooth, except on the edges, where
+they are beset with strong glandular hairs, divided into three large and
+two small lobes, the middle lobe running out to a considerable length,
+the footstalks of the leaves are beset with a few hairs thinly
+scattered, at the base of each leaf is a tendril, and two finely-divided
+stipulae, edged also with glandular hairs. The Involucrum is composed of
+three leaves, dividing into capillary segments, each of which terminates
+in a viscid globule, fetid when bruised; betwixt the involucrum and the
+blossom is a short peduncle; the pillar which supports the germen is of
+a bright purple colour, with spots of a darker hue, the germen is smooth
+and green; Styles green; Stigmata of a dark green; Filaments six in
+number; Antherae pale yellow green, the former dotted with purple; of
+Radii, there may be said to be four rows, variegated with white and
+purple, petals ten, externally greenish, internally red, deeper or paler
+according to circumstances.
+
+The leaves of this plant vary greatly in form, according to the health
+and luxuriance of the plant; on comparing it with the _foetida_, we
+strongly suspect it to be a variety merely of that species: time will
+shew.
+
+It is increased by cuttings, or seeds.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+In which the Latin Names of the Plants contained in the _Eighth Volume_
+are alphabetically arranged.
+
+
+  Pl.
+
+  280 Apocynum androsaemifolium.
+
+  276 Blitum virgatum.
+
+  274 Borbonia crenata.
+
+  264 Cistus formosus.
+
+  258 Coronilla varia.
+
+  271 Cyrtanthus angustifolius.
+
+  255 Cytisus sessilifolius.
+
+  273 Diosma uniflora.
+
+  261 Erodium incarnatum.
+
+  272 Gladiolus tristis.
+
+  263 Glycine bimaculata.
+
+  268 ------- rubicunda.
+
+  270 ------- coccinea.
+
+  287 Goodenia laevigata.
+
+  282 Hedysarum obscurum.
+
+  285 Jasminum odoratissimum.
+
+  256 Ixia longiflora.
+
+  265 ---- Bulbocodium.
+
+  253 Lathyrus articulatus.
+
+  259 Lilium Catesbaei.
+
+  278 ------ candidum.
+
+  275 Liriodendron Tulipifera.
+
+  254 Lopezia racemosa.
+
+  257 Lychnis chalcedonica.
+
+  277 Mahernia pinnata.
+
+  262 Mesembryanthemum aureum.
+
+  260 Metrosideros citrina.
+
+  283 Mimulus ringens.
+
+  269 Ornithogalum nutans.
+
+  288 Passiflora ciliata.
+
+  279 Plumeria rubra.
+
+  286 Portlandia grandiflora.
+
+  267 Pyrus spectabilis.
+
+  266 Ranunculus amplexicaulis.
+
+  284 Rosa semperflorens.
+
+  281 Turnera angustifolia.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX.
+
+In which the English Names of the Plants contained in the _Eighth
+Volume_ are alphabetically arranged.
+
+
+  Pl.
+
+  267 Apple-tree Chinese.
+
+  276 Blite strawberry.
+
+  274 Borbonia heart-leaved.
+
+  264 Cistus beautiful.
+
+  272 Corn-flag square-leaved.
+
+  258 Coronilla purple.
+
+  261 Crane's-bill flesh-coloured.
+
+  266 Crowfoot plantain-leaved.
+
+  271 Cyrtanthus narrow-leaved.
+
+  255 Cytisus common.
+
+  273 Diosma one-flowered.
+
+  280 Dogsbane tutsan-leaved.
+
+  262 Fig-marigold golden.
+
+  263 Glycine purple.
+
+  268 ------- dingy-flowered.
+
+  270 ------- scarlet.
+
+  287 Goodenia smooth.
+
+  282 Hedysarum creeping-rooted.
+
+  285 Jasmine sweet.
+
+  256 Ixia long-flowered.
+
+  265 ---- crocus-leaved.
+
+  253 Lathyrus jointed-podded.
+
+  259 Lily Catesby's.
+
+  278 ---- white.
+
+  254 Lopezia mexican.
+
+  257 Lychnis scarlet.
+
+  277 Mahernia winged.
+
+  260 Metrosideros harsh-leaved.
+
+  283 Monkey-flower narrow-leav'd.
+
+  288 Passion-flower fringed-leaved.
+
+  279 Plumeria red.
+
+  286 Portlandia great-flowered.
+
+  284 Rose ever-blowing.
+
+  269 Star of Bethlehem Neapolitan.
+
+  275 Tulip-tree common.
+
+  281 Turnera narrow-leaved.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's The Botanical Magazine Vol. 8, by William Curtis
+
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