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diff --git a/24651-h/24651-h.htm b/24651-h/24651-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..0096cf4 --- /dev/null +++ b/24651-h/24651-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,2219 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html + PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> +<head> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII" /> +<title>Old Times at Otterbourne</title> + <style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[ XML blockout */ +<!-- + P { margin-top: .75em; + margin-bottom: .75em; + } + P.headingsummary { margin-left: 5%;} + H1, H2 { + text-align: center; + margin-top: 2em; + margin-bottom: 2em; + } + H3, H4, H5 { + text-align: left; + margin-top: 1em; + margin-bottom: 1em; + } + BODY{margin-left: 10%; + margin-right: 10%; + } + table { border-collapse: collapse; } +table {margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;} + td { vertical-align: top; border: 1px solid black;} + td p { margin: 0.2em; } + .blkquot {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em;} /* block indent */ + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: smaller; + text-align: right; + color: gray;} + + .citation {vertical-align: super; + font-size: .8em; + text-decoration: none;} + // --> + /* XML end ]]>*/ + </style> +</head> +<body> +<h2> +<a href="#startoftext">Old Times at Otterbourne, by Charlotte M. Yonge</a> +</h2> +<pre> +The Project Gutenberg eBook, Old Times at Otterbourne, by Charlotte M. +Yonge + + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + + + + +Title: Old Times at Otterbourne + + +Author: Charlotte M. Yonge + + + +Release Date: February 19, 2008 [eBook #24651] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII) + + +***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD TIMES AT OTTERBOURNE*** +</pre> +<p><a name="startoftext"></a></p> +<p>Transcribed from the 1891 Warren and Son edition by David +Price, email ccx074@pglaf.org</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p0b.jpg"> +<img alt="The Keble Cross—Otterbourne Churchyard" +src="images/p0s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p1b.jpg"> +<img alt="Picture from title page" src="images/p1s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<h1>Old Times<br /> +at Otterbourne.</h1> +<p style="text-align: center"><span class="smcap">by</span><br /> +CHARLOTTE M. YONGE.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">[<span class="smcap">second +edition</span>.]</p> +<p style="text-align: center">Winchester:<br /> +<span class="smcap">warren and son</span>, <span +class="smcap">printers and publishers</span>, <span +class="smcap">high street</span>.</p> +<p style="text-align: center">London:<br /> +<span class="smcap">simpkin and co.</span>, <span +class="smcap">limited</span>, <span +class="smcap">stationers’ hall court</span>.<br /> +1891</p> +<h2>Old Times at Otterbourne.</h2> +<p>Not many of us remember Otterbourne before the Railroad, the +Church, or the Penny Post. It may be pleasant to some of us +to try to catch a few recollections before all those who can tell +us anything about those times are quite gone.</p> +<p>To begin with the first that is known about it, or rather that +is guessed. A part of a Roman road has been traced in +Otterbourne Park, and near it was found a piece of a quern, one +of the old stones of a hand mill, such as was used in ancient +times for grinding corn; so that the place must have been +inhabited at least seventeen hundred years ago. In the last +century a medallion bearing the head of a Roman Emperor was found +here, sixteen feet beneath the surface. It seems to be one +of the medallions that were placed below the Eagle on the Roman +Standards, and it is still in the possession of the family of +Fitt, of Westley.</p> +<p>After the Roman and British times were over, this part of the +country belonged to Wessex, the kingdom of the West Saxons, of +which Winchester was the capital. Lying so near the chief +town, which was the Bishop’s throne, this place was likely +soon to be made into a parish, when Archbishop Theodore divided +England in dioceses and parishes, just twelve hundred years ago, +for he died 690. The name no doubt means the village of the +Otters, and even now these creatures are sometimes seen in the +Itchen, so that no doubt there <!-- page 2--><a +name="page2"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 2</span>were once many +more of them. The shapes and sizes of most of our parishes +were fixed by those of the estates of the Lords who first built +the Church for themselves and their households, with the churls +and serfs on their manor. The first Lord of Otterbourne +must have had a very long narrow property, to judge by the form +of the parish, which is at least three miles long, and nowhere a +mile in breadth. Most likely he wanted to secure as much of +the river and meadow land as he could, with some high open heathy +ground on the hill as common land where the cattle could graze, +and some wood to supply timber and fuel. Probably all the +slopes of the hills on each side of the valley of the Otter were +covered with wood. The top of the gravelly hill to the +southward was all heather and furze, as indeed it is still, and +this reached all the way to Southampton and the Forest. The +whole district was called Itene or Itchen, like the river. +The name meant in the old English language, the Giant’s +Forest and the Giant’s Wood.</p> +<p>The hill to the north was, as it still remains, chalk +down. The village lay near the river and the stream that +runs into it, upon the bed of clay between the chalk and the +gravel. Most likely the Moathouse was then in existence, +though a very different building from what it is at present, and +its moat very deep and full of water, serving as a real +defence. There is nothing left but broad hedge rows of the +woods to the north-east, but one of these is called Dane Lane, +and is said to be the road by which the Danes made their way to +Winchester, being then a woodland path. It is said that +whenever the yellow cow wheat grows freely the land has never +been cultivated.</p> +<p>There was a hamlet at Boyatt, for both it and Otterbourne are +mentioned in Domesday Book. This is the great census that +William the Conqueror caused to be taken 1083 of all his +kingdom. From it we learn that Otterbourne had a Church +which belonged to Roger de Montgomery, a great Norman baron, +whose father had been a friend of William I.</p> +<p>Well for the parish that it lay at a distance from the +Giant’s Wood, where the King turned out all the inhabitants +for the sake of his <!-- page 3--><a name="page3"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 3</span>“high deer,” making it the +New Forest. He and his sons could ride through down and +heath all the way to their hunting. We all know how William +Rufus was brought back from his last hunt, lying dead in the +charcoal burner Purkis’s cart, in which he was carried to +his grave in Winchester Cathedral. Part of the road between +Hursley and Otterbourne, near Silkstede, is called King’s +Lane, because it is said to have been the way by which this +strange hearse travelled.</p> +<p>Silkstede is a farm now—it was most likely a grange, or +outlying house belonging to some monastery—and there is a +remnant of the gardens and some fine trees, and a hollow called +China Dell, where snowdrops and double daffodils grow. But +this is in Hursley parish, as is also Merdon Castle.</p> +<p>The green mounds and deep trenches, and the fragments of +ruinous wall, have a story reaching far back into the ages.</p> +<p>There is little doubt, from their outline, that once there was +an entrenched camp of the Romans on this ground, but nothing is +known thereof. Merantune, as our Saxon ancestors called it, +first is heard of when in 755 Cynewolf, King of Wessex, was +murdered there by his kinsman Cyneheard, who was in his turn +killed by the Thanes of the victim. With this savage story +it first appears, but no more is known of its fate except that it +became the property of the Bishops of Winchester, some say by the +grant of Cynegyls, the first Christian King of Wessex, others by +a later gift. It was then a manor, to which Hurstleigh, the +woodland, was only an appendage; and the curious old manorial +rights and customs plainly go back to these ancient +præ-Norman times. To go through all the thirty +customs would be impossible, but it is worth noting that the +tenure of the lands descended by right to the youngest son in a +family instead of the eldest. Such “cradle +fiefs” exist in other parts of England, and in Switzerland, +on the principle that the elder ones go out into the world while +their father is vigorous, but the youngest is the stay of his old +age. The rents were at first paid in kind or in labour, +with a heriot, namely, the most valuable animal in stock on a +death, but these became latterly <!-- page 4--><a +name="page4"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 4</span>commuted for +quit rent and fines. The trees were carefully +guarded. Only one good timber tree on each holding in the +life-time of a tenant might be cut by the Lord of the Manor, and +the tenants themselves might only cut old rotten trees! But +this is as much as you will wish to hear of these old customs, +which prove that the Norman feudal system was kept out of this +Episcopal manor. It was not even mentioned in Domesday +Book, near as it was to Winchester. There it lay, +peacefully on its island of chalk down, shut in by the +well-preserved trees, till Stephen’s brother, Bishop Henry +de Blois, of Winchester, bethought him of turning the old Roman +Camp into a fortified castle. The three Norman kings had +wisely hindered the building of castles, but these sprung up like +mushrooms under the feeble rule of Stephen.</p> +<p>The tenants must have toiled hard, judging by the massiveness +of the small remnant, all built of the only material at hand, +chalk to make mortar, in which flints are imbedded.</p> +<p>This fragment still standing used to be considered as part of +the keep, but of late years better knowledge of the architecture +of castles has led to the belief that it was part of the northern +gateway tower. I borrow the description of the building +from one written immediately after the comments of a gentleman +who had studied the subject.</p> +<p>Henry de Blois, King Stephen’s brother, Bishop of +Winchester, probably wished for a stronghold near at hand, during +his brother’s wars with the Empress Maud. He would +have begun by having the nearly circular embankment thrown up +with a parapet along the top, and in the ditch thus formed a +stockade of sharp pointed stakes. Within the court, the +well, 300 feet deep, was dug, and round it would have been the +buildings needed by the Bishop, his household and guards, much +crowded together. The entrance would have been a +drawbridge, across the great ditch, which on this side was not +less than 60 feet wide and perhaps 25 deep, and through a great +gateway between two high square towers which must have stood +where now there is a slope leading down from the inner court, +into the southern <!-- page 5--><a name="page5"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 5</span>one. This slope is probably +formed by the ruins of the gateway and tower being pitched into +the ditch.</p> +<p>The Castle was then very small, and did not command the +country except towards the south. The next work therefore +would be to throw out an embankment to the south, with a ditch +outside. The great gap whence Hursley House is seen, did +not then exist, but there was an unbroken semicircle of rampart +and ditch, which would protect a large number of men. In +case of an enemy forcing this place, the defenders could retreat +into the Castle by the drawbridge.</p> +<p>The entrance was on the eastern side, and in order to protect +this and the back (or northern side) of the Castle, an embankment +was thrown up outside the first moat, and with an outer moat of +its own. Then, as, in case of this being carried by the +enemy the defenders would be cut off from the main southern +gateway, a square tower was built on this outer embankment +exactly opposite to the ruin which yet remains, and only divided +from it by the great ditch. On either side of the tower, +cutting the embankment across therefore at right angles, was a +little ditch spanned by a drawbridge, which, if the defenders +found it necessary to retire to the tower, could at any time be +raised. The foundations of the tower and the position of +the ditch can still be distinctly traced.</p> +<p>Supposing farther that it became impossible to hold the tower, +the besieged could retreat into the main body of the Castle by +another drawbridge across the great ditch. This would lead +them through the arch which can still be seen in the ruin, though +it is partially blocked up. The room on the east side of +this passage was probably a guard room.</p> +<p>These are all the remains. The embankments to the south +and west command a great extent of country, and on the north and +northwest, we trace the precautions by the great depth of the +ditch, and steepness of the earthworks, though now overgrown with +trees. All this must have been done between the years 1138 +and 1154, and great part of the defences were thrown down in the +lifetime of the founder. <!-- page 6--><a +name="page6"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 6</span>Merdon was not +destined to shine in sieges, in spite of its strength. +Henry II came in, and forbad the multiplication of castles and +Merdon seems to have been dismantled as quickly as it had been +built.</p> +<p>The Bishops of Winchester however still seem to have resided +there from time to time, though it gradually fell into decay, and +was ruinous by the end of the Plantagenet period.</p> +<p>After the younger Oliver’s death, his sisters +endeavoured to obtain the Hursley property to which their father +had succeeded as his son’s heir. He was past eighty +and the judge allowed him to wear his hat at the trial in court, +an act of consideration commended by Queen Anne.</p> +<p>After his death, in 1708, the estate was sold to the Heathcote +family. The old house, whose foundations can be traced on +the lawn, and which was approached by the two avenues of walnut +trees still standing, was then pulled down, and the present one +erected.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p6b.jpg"> +<img alt="Doorway of Old Church" src="images/p6s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>Most likely the oldest thing in Otterbourne is the arch that +forms the doorway of the Boys’ School, and which came from +the door of the Old Church. By the carving on that arch, +and the form of the little clustered columns that support it, we +can tell that it must have been put up about the time of King +Richard I or King John, somewhere about the year 1200. +There was certainly a church before this date, but most likely +this was the first time that much pains had been taken about its +beauty, and carved stone had been brought from a distance. +It was a good spot that was chosen, lying a <!-- page 7--><a +name="page7"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 7</span>little above +the meadows, and not far from the moated Manor House. The +east wall of the nave is still standing, but it now forms the +west wall of the small remnant that is still covered in. It +still has three arches in it, to lead to the old chancel, and +above those arches there were some paintings. They came to +light when the Old Church was pulled down. First, a great +deal of plaster and whitewash came off. Then appeared part +of the Commandments in Old English black letter, and below that, +again, were some paintings, traced out in red upon the +wall. They have been defaced so much that all that could be +found out was that there was a quatrefoil shape within a +square. The corners were filled up apparently with the +emblems of the Four Cherubim, though only the Winged Ox showed +plainly. There was a sitting figure in the centre, with the +hand raised, and it was thought to be a very rude representation +of our Blessed Lord in Judgment. In another compartment was +an outline of a man, and another in a hairy garment, so that this +last may have been intended for the Baptism of our Blessed +Lord. Unfortunately, being on the outside wall, there was +no means of protecting these curious paintings, and, sad to say, +one evening, I myself saw a party of rough boys standing in a row +throwing stones at them. There being a pathway through the +churchyard, it was not possible to keep them out, and thus these +curious remains have been destroyed.</p> +<p>We may think of the people who resorted to the little Old +Church as wearing long gowns both men and women, on Sunday, spun, +woven, and dyed blue at home, most likely with woad, a plant like +mignonette which still grows in the lanes. The gentry were +in gayer colours, but most likely none lived nearer than +Winchester, and it was only when they plodded into market that +the people would see the long-hanging sleeves, the pointed hoods, +and the queer long-toed shoes of the young gentlemen, or the +towers that the ladies put on their heads.</p> +<p>The name of Otterbourne does not come forward in history, but, +as it lies so near Winchester, it must have had some share in +what happened in the Cathedral city. The next thing we know +about it is <!-- page 8--><a name="page8"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 8</span>that Bishop Edyngton joined it to +Hursley. William de Edyngton was Bishop of Winchester in +the middle part of the reign of Edward III, from 1357 to +1366. Bishop de Pontissara founded a College at Winchester +called St. Elizabeth’s, and to assist in providing for the +expenses, he decreed that the greater tithes of Hursley, those of +the corn fields, should be paid to the Dean and Chapter, and that +the rest of the tithe should go to the Vicar. Then, lest +the Vicar should be too poor, Otterbourne was to be joined with +Hursley, and held by the same parish priest, and this arrangement +lasted for five hundred years. It was made in times when +there was little heed taken to the real good of country +places. The arrangement was confirmed by his successor, +Bishop Edyngton, who lies buried in the nave of Winchester +Cathedral, not far from where lies the much greater man who +succeeded him. William of Wykeham went on with the work +Edyngton had begun, and built the pillars of the Cathedral nave +as we now see them. He also founded the two Colleges of St. +Mary, one at Winchester for 70 boys, one at Oxford to receive the +scholars as they grew older, meaning that they should be trained +up to become priests. It seems that the old name of the +field where the college stands was Otterbourne meadow, and that +it was bought of a Master Dummer. Bishop Wykeham’s +College at Oxford is still called New College, though there are +now many much newer. One small estate at Otterbourne was +given by him to help to endow Winchester College, to which it +still belongs.</p> +<p>Good men had come to think that founding colleges was the very +best thing they could do for the benefit of the Church, and +William of Waynflete, who was made Bishop of Winchester in 1447, +founded another college at Oxford in honour of St. Mary +Magdalen. To this College he gave large estates for its +maintenance, and in especial a very large portion of our long, +narrow parish of Otterbourne. Ever since his time, two of +the Fellows of Magdalen, if not the President himself, have come +with the Steward, on a progress through the estates every year to +hold their Court and give audit to all who hold lands of <!-- +page 9--><a name="page9"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +9</span>them Till quite recently the Court was always held at the +Manor House, the old Moat House, which must once have been the +principal house in the parish, though now it is so much gone to +decay. Old Dr. Plank, the President of Magdalen, used to +come thither in Farmer Colson’s time. What used to be +the principal room has a short staircase leading to it, and in +the wainscot over the fire-place is a curious old picture, +painted, I fancy, between 1600 and 1700, showing a fight between +turbaned men and European soldiers, most likely Turks and +Austrians. It is a pity that it cannot tell its +history. The moat goes all round the house, garden, and +farmyard, and no doubt used to have a drawbridge. Forty or +fifty years ago, it was clear and had fish in it, but the bridge +fell in and choked the stream, and since that it has become full +of reeds and a mere swamp. It must have been a really +useful protection in the evil times of the Wars of the Roses.</p> +<p>Most likely the Commandments were painted over the old fresco +on the east wall of the nave of the old Church either in the time +of Edward VI, or Elizabeth, for if they had been later, the +letters would not have been Old English. The foreigners who +meddled so much with our Church in the latter years of Edward VI +obtained that the Holy Communion should not be celebrated in the +chancels, but that the Holy Table should be spread in the body of +the Church, and many Chancels were thus disused and became +ruinous, as ours most certainly did at some time or other. +St. Elizabeth’s College was broken up and the place where +it stood given to the college of St. Mary. It is still +called Elizabeth Meadow. The presentation to the Cure of +our two parishes went with the estate of Hursley.</p> +<p>There was a very odd scene somewhere between Winchester and +Southampton in the year 1554. Queen Mary Tudor was waiting +at Winchester for her bridegroom, Philip of Spain. He +landed at Southampton on the morning of the 20th of July, and set +out in a black velvet dress, red cloak, and black velvet hat, +with a splendid train of gentlemen to ride to Winchester. +It was a very wet day, and the Queen sent a gentleman with a ring +from her, to beg him to come no <!-- page 10--><a +name="page10"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 10</span>farther in +the rain. But the gentleman knew no Spanish, and the King +no English. So Philip thought some warning of treachery was +meant, and halted in great doubt and difficulty till the +messenger recollected his French, and said in that tongue, that +the Queen was only afraid of his Grace’s getting wet. +So on went Philip, and the High Sheriff of Hampshire rode before +him with a long white wand in his hand, and his hat off, the rain +running in streams off his bare head. They went so slowly +as not to reach Winchester till six or seven o’clock in the +evening, so that the people of Otterbourne, Compton, and Twyford +must have had a good view of the Spanish Prince who was so +unwelcome to them all.</p> +<p>Thomas Sternhold, who together with Hopkins put the Psalms +into metre for singing, lived in the outskirts of Hursley.</p> +<p>When the plunder of the Monasteries was exhausted, the Tudor +Sovereigns, or perhaps their favourites, took themselves to +exacting gifts and grants from the Bishops, and thus Poynet who +was intended in the stead of Gardiner gave Merdon to Edward VI, +who presented it to Sir Philip Hobby. It was recovered by +Bishop Gardiner, but granted back again by Queen Elizabeth. +Sir Philip is believed to have first built a mansion at Hursley, +and his nephew sold the place to Sir Thomas Clarke, who was +apparently a hard lord of the manor. His tenants still had +to labour at his crops instead of paying rent, but provisions had +to be found them. About the year 1600, on the arrival of a +hogshead of porridge, unsavoury and full of worms, the reapers +struck, and their part was taken by Mr. Robert Coram, who then +owned Cranbury, so hotly that he and Mr. Pye, Sir Thomas +Clarke’s steward, rode at one another through the wheat +with drawn daggers. Lady Clarke yielded, and cooked two or +three bacon-hogs for the reapers.</p> +<p>The old road from Winchester to Southampton then went along +what we now call the Old Hollow, leading from Shawford Down to +Oakwood. Then it seems to have gone along towards the old +Church, its course being still marked by the long narrow meadows, +called the <!-- page 11--><a name="page11"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 11</span>Jar Mead and Hundred Acres, or, more +properly, Under an Acre. Then it led down to the ford at +Brambridge, for there was then no canal to be crossed. The +only great personage who was likely to have come along this road +in the early 17th century was King James the First’s wife, +Queen Anne of Denmark, who spent a winter at the old Castle of +Winchester, and was dreadfully dull there, though the ladies +tried to amuse her by all sorts of games, among which one was +called “Rise, Pig, and Go.”</p> +<p>James I gave us one of the best of Bishops, Lancelot Andrewes +by name, who wrote a beautiful book of devotions. He lived +on to the time of Charles I, and did much to get the ruins made +in the bad days round Winchester Cathedral cleared and set to +rights. Most likely he saw that the orders for putting the +altars back into their right places were carried out, and very +likely the chancel was then mended, but with no attention to +architecture, for the head of the east window was built up anyhow +with broken bits of tracery from a larger and handsomer +one. The heir of the Clarkes sold the property at Hursley +to Mr. Mayor, to whose only daughter Oliver Cromwell married his +son Richard.</p> +<p>What happened here in the Great Rebellion we do not +know. An iron ball was once dug up in the grounds at +Otterbourne House, which may have come from Oliver’s +Battery; but it is also said to be only the knob of an old pump +handle—</p> + +<blockquote><p> “When +from the guarded down<br /> +Fierce Cromwell’s rebel soldiery kept watch o’er +Wykeham’s town.<br /> +They spoiled the tombs of valiant men, warrior, and saint, and +sage;<br /> +But at the tomb of Wykeham good angels quenched their +rage.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Colonel Nathanael Fiennes prevented harm from being done to +the College or the monuments in the Cathedral; but there was some +talk of destroying that holy place, for I have seen a petition +from the citizens of Winchester that it might be spared. It +is said that some loyal person took out all the stained glass in +the great west window, hid it in a chest, and buried it; but when +better times came, it could not be restored to what it was +before, and was put in confusedly, as we now see it.</p> +<p><!-- page 12--><a name="page12"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +12</span>Stoneham had a brave old clergyman, who kept possession +of his church and rectory all through the war, and went on with +the service till he died, no man daring to meddle with him. +But Otterbourne was sure to follow the fate of Hursley. The +King’s Head Inn at Hursley is thought to have been so +called in allusion to the death of King Charles I. A +strange compliment to the Cromwells.</p> +<p>Richard had a large family, most of whom died young, as may be +seen on their monument in Hursley Church. It was at this +time that the customs of the Manor were put on record in +writing. The son, Oliver, lived till 1705, and was +confounded in the country people’s minds with his +grandfather.</p> +<p>There is an odd, wild story, that Cromwell sunk all his +treasure in the great well at Merdon Castle, in Hursley Park, 300 +feet deep. It was further said, if it were drawn up again, +that no one must speak till it was safe, otherwise it would be +lost. A great chest was raised to the mouth of the well, +when one of the men said, “Here it comes!” The +rope broke, it fell back, and no one ever saw it more. Most +likely this is an old legend belonging to the Castle long before, +and only connected with Oliver Cromwell because he was an +historical person. Certain it is that when the well was +cleared out about 30 or 40 years ago nothing was found but two +curious old candlesticks, and a great number of pins, which had +been thrown down because they caused those curious reverberations +in the great depth. Another legend is that Merdon Well is +connected with the beautiful clear spring at Otterbourne called +Pole Hole or Pool Hole, so that when a couple of ducks were +thrown down the well, they came out at Pole Hole with all their +feathers scraped off.</p> +<p>It was in the time of the Commonwealth, in 1653, that our +first parish register begins. Some parishes have much older +ones, so, perhaps, ours may have been destroyed. The first +entry in this old parchment book is that Elizabeth, daughter of +Edward Cox, of Otterbourne, and Anne, his wife, was born +---. A large stain has made the rest of this entry +illegible. There are only three births in 1653, <!-- page +13--><a name="page13"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 13</span>and +seven in 1654, one of these William, son of Mr. William Downe, of +Otterbourne Farm, and Joane, his wife, is, however, marked with +two black lines beneath the entry, as are his sisters, Elizabeth +and Jane, 1656 and 1658, apparently to do honour to the principal +inhabitant.</p> +<p>It is to be observed that all the entries here are of births, +not of baptisms, departing from the general rule of Church +registers, and they are all in English; but in 1663 each child is +recorded as baptized, and the Latin language is used. This +looks much as if a regular clergyman, a scholar, too, had, after +the Restoration, become curate of the parish. He does not +sign his registers, so we do not know his name. In 1653 the +banns of William Downe and Jane Newman were published September +17th and the two Lord’s Days ensuing, but their wedding is +not entered, and the first marriage recorded is that of Matthew +Dummer and Jane Burt, in 1663. The first funeral was +Emelin, wife of Robert Purser, in 1653.</p> +<p>Also, there was plenty of brick-making, for King Charles II +had planned to build a grand palace at Winchester on the model of +the great French palace of Versailles, and it is said that Dell +copse was formed by the digging out of bricks for the +purpose. It was to reach all over the downs, with fountains +and water playing in them, and a great tower on Oliver’s +Battery, with a light to guide the ships in the Channel. +There is a story that Charles, who was a capital walker, +sometimes walked over from Southampton to look at his +buildings. One of the gentlemen who attended him let the +people at Twyford know who was going that way. So they all +turned out to look at him, which was what the King by no means +wished. So he avoided them, and punished his indiscreet +courtier by taking a run and crossing one of the broad streams +with a flying leap, then proceeding on to Winchester, leaving his +attendant to follow as best he might.</p> +<p>After all only one wing of the intended palace was +built. For a long time it was called the King’s +House, but now it is only known as the Barracks. The work +must have led to an increase in the population, <!-- page 14--><a +name="page14"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 14</span>for more +baptisms are recorded in the register, though not more than six +or seven in each year, all carefully set down in Latin, though +with no officiating minister named. There is an Augustine +Thomas, who seems to have had a large family, and who probably +was the owner of the ground on which the vicarage now stands, the +name of which used to be Thomas’s Bargain.</p> +<p>There must have been a great quickening of activity in +Otterbourne soon after the Restoration, for it was then that the +Itchen canal or barge river, as it used to be called, was dug, to +convey coals from Southampton, and, of course, this much improved +the irrigation of the water meadows. This canal was one of +the first made in England, and was very valuable for nearly two +hundred years, until the time of railways.</p> +<p>In 1690, a larger parchment register was provided, and every +two years it appears to have been shown up to the magistrates at +the Petty Sessions, and signed by two of them.</p> +<p>At this time there seem to have been some repairs of the +church. Certainly, a great square board painted with the +royal arms was then erected, for it bore the date 1698, and the +initials “W. M.” for William and Mary. There it +was, on a beam, above the chancel arch, and the lion and unicorn +on either side, the first with a huge tongue hanging out at the +corner of his mouth, looking very complacent, as though he were +displaying the royal arms, the unicorn slim and dapper with a +chain hanging from his neck.</p> +<p>Several of our old surnames appear about this time, Cox, +Comley, Collins, Goodchild, Woods, Wareham. John Newcombe, +Rector of Otterbourne, who afterwards became Bishop of Llandaff, +signs his register carefully, but drops the Latin, as various +names may be mentioned, Scientia, or Science Olden, Philadelphia +Comley, and Dennis Winter, who married William Westgate. +Anne and Abraham were the twin children of John and Anne Didimus, +in 1741.</p> +<p>The first church rate book only begins in 1776, but it is +curious as showing to whom the land then belonged. The +spelling is also odd, <!-- page 15--><a name="page15"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 15</span>and as the handwriting is beautiful, +so there is no doubt that it really is an account of the Church +<i>Raiting</i>, nor that the “rait” was +“mead.” Walter Smythe, Esquire, of Brambridge, +appears, also John Colson John Comley, and Charles Vine. +Lincolns belonged to Mr. Kentish and Gun Plot to Thilman.</p> +<p>The expenditure begins thus:—April 9, 1776, “Pd. +Short for 6 dozen sparw heds,” and the sparw heds are +repeated all down the page, varied with what would shock the H. +H.—3<i>d.</i> for foxheads. Also “expenses ad +visitation” 9<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, and at the bottom of the +page, the parish is thus mentioned as creditor “out of +pockets, 5<i>s.</i> 1<i>d.</i>” In 1777 however, +though the vestry paid “Didums 1 badger’s head, 1 +polecat’s head; Hary Bell for 2 marten cats, and spares +innumerable, and the clarck warges, £1. 5<i>s.</i>, there +was £1. 3<i>s.</i> in hand.” The polecats and +marten cats were soon exterminated, but foxes, hedgehogs, and +sparrows continue to appear, though in improved spelling, till +April 24th, 1832, when this entry appears:—“At a +meeting called to elect new Churchwardens, present the Rev. R. +Shuckburgh, curate, and only one other person present, the +meeting is adjourned. Mr. Shuckburgh protests most strongly +against the disgraceful custom of appropriating money collected +for Church rates towards destroying vermin on the +farms.” And this put an end to the custom. +However, there were more rightful expenses. Before Easter +there is paid “for washan the surples” +4<i>s.</i> It would seem that the Holy Communion was +celebrated four times a year, and that the Elements were paid for +every time at 3<i>s.</i> 7<i>d.</i> In 1784, when there was +a great improvement in spelling, there were some repairs +done—“Paid for Communion cloth, 10 pence, and for +washing and marking it, 6p.” In 1786 there was a new +church bell, costing £5. 5<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i> Aaron +Chalk, whom some of the elder inhabitants may remember, a very +feeble old man walking with two sticks, was in that year one of +the foremost traders in sparrow heads. It gives a curious +sense of the lapse of time to think of those tottering limbs +active in bird catching.</p> +<p>May 2, in 1783, we find the entry “paid for the caraidge +of the old <!-- page 16--><a name="page16"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 16</span>bell and the new one downe from +London, 11<i>s.</i> 10<i>d.</i> May 22—Paid William +Branding bill for hanging the new bell, £1. +13<i>s.</i>” Altogether, at the end of the year, it +is recorded “the book in debt” £1. 11<i>s.</i>, +but “the disburstments,” as they are spelt, righted +themselves in 1784, when we find “paid for musick for the +use of the Church, £1. 1<i>s.</i> To George Neal for +whitewashing Church, £1. 1<i>s.</i>, George Neale, two +days’ work, 5<i>s.</i> 3<i>d.</i>, for work in the gallery, +19<i>s.</i> 4<i>d.</i>, bill for tiles, 3<i>s.</i> +4<i>d.</i>”</p> +<p>The only connection Otterbourne has with any historical person +is not a pleasant one. The family of Smythe, Roman +Catholics, long held Brambridge, and they endowed a little Roman +Catholic Chapel at Highbridge. At one time, a number of +their tenants and servants were of the same communion, and there +is a note in the parish register by the curate to say that there +were several families at Allbrook and Highbridge whose children +he had not christened, though he believed they had been baptized +by the Roman Catholic priest. One of the daughters of the +Smythe family was the beautiful Mrs. Fitz-Herbert, whom the +Prince of Wales, afterwards George IV, was well known to have +privately married. He never openly avowed this, because by +the law made in the time of William III, a marriage with a Roman +Catholic disqualifies for the succession to the crown; besides +which, under George III, members of the royal family had been +prohibited from marrying without the King’s consent, and +such marriages were declared null and void. The story is +mentioned here because an idea has gone abroad that the wedding +took place in the chapel at Highbridge, but this is quite +untrue. The ceremony was performed at Brighton, and it is +curious that the story of it having happened here only began to +get afloat after the death of Mr. Newton, the last of the old +servants who had known Mrs. Fitz-Herbert. Walter Smythe, +her brother, was one of the <i>détenus</i> whom Napoleon I +kept prisoners, though only English travellers, on the rupture of +the Peace of Amiens. His brother, Charles, while taking +care of the estate, had all the lime trees in the avenue +pollarded, and sold the tops to make stocks for muskets.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p16b.jpg"> +<img alt="View near Hursley" src="images/p16s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p><!-- page 17--><a name="page17"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +17</span>In those days there was only a foot bridge across the +Itchen at Brambridge. Carts and carriages had to ford the +river, not straight across, but making a slight curve downwards; +this led to awkward accidents. There was a gentleman dining +with Mr. Walter Smythe, who was pressed to sleep at Brambridge, +but declined, saying that he liked to have all his little +comforts about him. When daylight came, the poor man was +found seated on the top of his chaise, the water flowing through +the windows below; for the post boy had taken a wrong turn, and, +being afraid to move, had been forced to remain in the river till +the morning. A far worse disaster befel the Newton family +on their way to a funeral. It is described by one of the +bearers: “When the cart turned over, the corpse was on the +foot bridge. It was a very wet day, and the wind was +blowing furiously at the time. It had a great effect on the +cart, as it was a narrow cart with a tilt on, and there was a +long wood sill at the side of the river. That dropping of +the sill caused the accident. I think there were five +females in the cart and the driver. The water was as much +as 4ft. deep and running very sharp, so myself and others went +into the water to fetch them out, and when we got to the cart +they were all on the top of the other, with their heads just out +of the water. They could not go on to church with the +corpse, and we had a very hard job to save the horse from being +drowned, as his head was but just out of the water.”</p> +<p>All through the time of the long war with France there was +here, as well as everywhere else around the coast, fear of a +landing of the French. The flat-bottomed boats to bring the +French over were actually ready at Boulogne, and the troops +mustered to come across in them. On our side, volunteers +were in training in case of need, and preparations were made for +sending off the women and children inland on the first news of +the enemy landing. Not very many years ago there were still +to be seen in a barn at Hursley the planks prepared to fit as +seats into the waggons that were to carry them away. And a +family living here are said to have kept everything packed up, +even the fireirons, and to have stirred up the fire with a stick +during a <!-- page 18--><a name="page18"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 18</span>whole winter. However, by +God’s blessing and our fleets and armies, the danger was +kept from our doors.</p> +<p>With the activity that followed upon the peace came a great +deal of road-making. The present high road between +Winchester and Southampton was then made, and the way cut through +the hills—Otterbourne Hill and Compton Hill on either +side. This led to the main part of the inhabitants settling +in the village street, instead of round the old Church as +before. Another great road was made at the same +time—that which crosses Golden Common and leads ultimately +to Portsmouth. It used to be called Cobbett’s Road, +because William Cobbett, a clever, self-taught man, had much to +do with laying it out. Cobbett had a good many theories +which he tried to put into practice, some sensible, others +mistaken. The principal traces we see of him now are in the +trees that he planted, chiefly introduced from America. He +thought the robinia, or false acacia, would make good hedges, +because of its long thorns and power of throwing up suckers, and +many people planted them, but they proved too brittle to be of +much use, though some are still growing. He was a friend of +Mr. Harley, who then owned Otterbourne House, and planted many +curious trees there, of which two long remained—a hickory +nut and a large tree in the drive. There was also an oak +with enormous leaves, but it was planted so near the house that +it had to be moved, and died in consequence.</p> +<p>These roads were for the coaches. Young folks, who never +saw anything nearer approaching to a stage coach than the drags +some gentlemen keep, can hardly fancy what these stage coaches +were—tall vehicles, holding four inside passengers and at +least twelve outside and quantities of luggage. They were +drawn by four of the strongest and quickest horses that could be +procured, and these were changed about every five or six miles, +so as to keep up full speed. The coachman, generally a big, +burly man, with a face reddened by exposure to the weather, and +often by a glass of ale at every stage, sat on the box in a drab +coat, with many capes one over the other. The seat next to +him was the favourite one with the passengers, and gentlemen +would sometimes <!-- page 19--><a name="page19"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 19</span>bribe coachmen to let them drive; +nay, some gentlemen actually took to the trade themselves. +There was also a guard, who in mail coaches took care of the post +bags, and dropped them at the places where they were intended +for. In the days when highwaymen infested the roads the +guard had carried pistols, and still the guard of the mail wore a +red coat, and blew a horn on entering any place to warn the +people to bring out their post bags and exchange them for +others.</p> +<p>One or two coaches kept their horses at the White Horse, so as +to be fresh for going up the hill, others at the Cricketers, +while others changed at Compton and the New Hut. Some of +the stables still remain, converted into cottages. The +horses were fine animals, beautifully kept; but the habit of +hanging about public-houses to attend to them was not good for +the ostlers and people concerned. About fifteen coaches +came through this place in the morning, and their fellows in the +evening, each proprietor keeping two coaches, starting from the +two opposite ends at the same time. There was the Mail, the +Telegraph, the Independent, the Red Rover, the Hirondelle, all +London coaches, besides the Oxford coach and some that only ran +between Winchester and Southampton. The driver and owner of +one, Mason’s coach, was only a few years ago living +here. When people intended to go on a journey, they booked +their places a day or two beforehand, but for short journeys or +going into Winchester they would watch for a vacant space in a +coach as it passed by.</p> +<p>It is odd to look back at an old article in a quarterly review +describing coach travelling as something so swift and complete +that it could not be surpassed in its perfection. Yet +accidents with the spirited horses and rapid driving were not +uncommon, and a fall from an overloaded coach was a dangerous +thing.</p> +<p>When the mail went by coach the sending of letters and parcels +could not but be expensive. Heavy goods travelled by +waggon, barge, or ship, parcels went by carriers or by coaches, +and nothing could be posted but what was quite light. So +postage was very expensive, and it is strange to look back on the +regulations connected with it. Our <!-- page 20--><a +name="page20"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 20</span>readers under +forty years old will hardly believe the rates that were paid for +postage, varying according to distance. There was a company +in London that carried letters from one part of that town to +another for twopence apiece, and this was the cheapest post in +England. A letter from London to Otterbourne cost +eightpence, and one from Winchester either threepence or +fourpence, one from Devonshire elevenpence, and this was paid not +by the sender, but by the receiver. It was reckoned +impolite to prepay a letter. Moreover, the letter had to be +on a single sheet. The sheet might be of any size that +could be had, but it must be only one. A small sheet +enclosed within another, or the lightest thing, such as a lock of +hair or a feather, made it a double letter, for which double +postage had to be given. The usual custom was to write on +quarto sheets twice the size of what is used now, and, after +filling three sides, to fold the fourth, leaving a space for the +direction and the seal, and then to write on the flaps and in the +space over “My dear ---,” sometimes crossing the +writing till the whole letter was chequer work. For if the +letter was to cost the receiver so much, it seemed fair to let +him get as much as possible. Letters were almost always +sealed, and it took neat and practised hands to fold and seal +them nicely, without awkward corners sticking out.</p> +<p>Newspapers, if folded so as to show the red Government stamp, +went for a penny, but nothing might be put into them, and not a +word beyond the address written on them. The reason of all +this was that the cost of carriage was then so great that it +could only be made to answer by those high rates, and by +preventing everything but real letters and newspapers from being +thus taken. As Government then, as now, was at the expense +of postage, its own correspondence went free, and therefore all +Members of Parliament had the privilege of sending letters +freely. They were allowed to post eleven a day, which might +contain as much as would weigh an ounce, without charge, if they +wrote the date at the top and their name in the right hand +corner. This was called franking, and plenty of letters by +no means on public business travelled in that way.</p> +<p><!-- page 21--><a name="page21"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +21</span>There was no post office in Otterbourne till between +1836 and 1840; for, of course there were few letters written or +received, and thus it did not seem to many persons worth while +for village children to learn to write. If they did go into +service at a distance from home, their letters would cost more +than their friends could afford to pay. This was a sad +thing, and broke up and cut up families very much more than any +distance does now. It really is easier to keep up +intercourse with a person in America or even New Zealand now, +than it was then with one in Scotland, Northumberland, or +Cornwall; for travelling was so expensive that visits could +seldom be made, and servants could not go to their homes unless +they were within such a short distance as to be able to travel by +coach or by carrier’s cart, or even walking all the way, +getting a cast now and then by a cart.</p> +<p>People who did not travel by coaches, or who went where there +was no coach, hired post-chaises, close carriages something like +flies. Most inns, where the coaches kept their horses, +possessed a post-chaise, and were licensed to let out post horses +for hire. Most of the gentlefolks’ families kept a +close carriage called a chariot, and, if they did not keep horses +of their own, took a pair of post-horses, one of which was ridden +by a man, who, whatever might be his age, was always called a +post-boy. Some inns dressed their post-boys in light blue +jackets, some in yellow ones, according to their politics, but +the shape was always the same; corduroy tights, top boots, and +generally white (or rather drab-coloured) hats. It used to +be an amusement to watch whether the post-boy would be a blue or +a yellow one at each fresh stage. Hardly any one knows what +a post-boy was like now, far less an old-fashioned travelling +carriage or chariot and its boxes.</p> +<p>The travelling carriage was generally yellow. It had two +good seats inside, and a double one had a second seat, where two +persons sat backwards. The cushion behind lifted up and +disclosed a long narrow recess called the swordcase, because, +when there were highwaymen on the roads, people kept their +weapons there. There were <!-- page 22--><a +name="page22"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 22</span>sometimes +two, sometimes one seat outside, called the box and the +dickey—much the pleasantest places, for it was very easy to +feel sick and giddy inside. A curved splashboard went up +from the bottom of the chariot to a level with the window, and +within it fitted what was called the cap box, with a curved +bottom, so that when in a house it had to be set down in a frame +to hold it upright. A big flat box, called the imperial, in +which ladies put their dresses, was on the top of the carriage, +two more long, narrow ones, generally used for shoes and linen, +fitted under the seat, and another square one was hung below the +dickey at the back, and called the drop box. Such a +mischance has been known as, on an arrival, a servant coming in +with the remains of this black box between his arms, +saying—“Sir, should not this box have a bottom to +it?” The chariot thus carried plenty of goods, and +was a sort of family home on a journey. To go to Plymouth, +which now can be done in six or seven hours, then occupied two +long days, halting for the night to sleep at an inn.</p> +<h2>The Old Church</h2> +<p>Some of us can still remember the old Church and the old +Sunday habits prevailing before 1830. The Churchyard was +large and very pretty, though ill kept, surrounded with a very +open railing, and with the banks sloping towards the water +meadows clothed with fine elm trees—one with a large and +curious excrescence on the bark. There was a deep porch on +the south side of the Church, with seats on each side. +Then, on red tiles, one entered between two blocks of pews of old +brown unpainted oak (their doors are panels to the roof of the +boys’ school). In the space between them were two or +three low benches for the children. There were three arches +leading to the chancel, but that on the south side was closed by +the pulpit and reading desk, and that on the north by a square +pew belonging to Cranbury. Within the chancel on the north +side was a large pew lined with red, belonging <!-- page 23--><a +name="page23"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 23</span>to Cranbury, +and on the south, first the clerk’s desk, then a narrow +seat of the clergyman’s, and then a large square pew. +Boys in the morning and men in the afternoon used to sit on the +benches placed outside these, and beyond was the rail shutting in +the Altar, which was covered with red cloth, and stood below a +large window, on each side of which were the Commandments in +yellow letters on a blue ground, and on the wall were painted the +two texts, “The Cup of Blessing, is it not the Communion of +the Blood of Christ?” and “The Bread which we break, +is it not the Communion of the Body of Christ?” The +vestry was built out to the north, and was entered from the +sanctuary.</p> +<p>Further space was provided by two galleries, one on the north +side, supported on iron poles, and entered from the outside by a +step ladder studded with large square-headed nails to prevent it +from being slippery. The other went across the west end, +and was entered by a dark staircase leading up behind the pews, +which further led to the little square weather-boarded tower +containing two beautifully toned bells. These were rung +from the outer gallery where the men sat. There was a part +boarded off for the singers. The Font was nearly under the +gallery. It was of white marble, and still lines our +present Font. Tradition says it was given by a former +clerk, perhaps Mr. Fidler, but there is no record of it. An +older and much ruder Font was hidden away under the gallery +stairs close to an old chest, where women sometimes found a seat, +against the west wall.</p> +<p>In those days, now more than half a century ago, when +Archdeacon Heathcote was Vicar, he or his Curate used to ride +over from Hursley on Sunday for the service at Otterbourne. +There was only one service, alternately in the morning and +afternoon, at half-past ten or at three, or in the winter at +half-past two. The time was not much fixed, for on a new +comer asking when the service would take place, the answer was +“at half-past two, sir, or at three, or else no time at +all,” by which was meant no exact hour or half-hour. +This uncertainty led to the bells never being rung till the +minister was seen turning the <!-- page 24--><a +name="page24"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 24</span>corner of +Kiln-lane, just where the large boulder stone used to be. +The congregation was, however, collecting, almost all the men in +white smocks with beautifully worked breasts and backs, the more +well-to-do in velveteen; the women in huge bonnets. The +elder ones wore black silk or satin bonnets, with high crowns and +big fronts, the younger ones, straw with ribbon crossed over, +always with a bonnet cap under. A red cloak was the regular +old women’s dress, or a black or blue one, and sometimes a +square shawl, folded so as to make a triangle, over a gown of +stuff in winter, print in summer. A blue printed cotton +with white or yellow sprays was the regular week day dress, and +the poorest wore it on Sundays. The little girls in the +aisle had the like big coarse straw bonnets, with a strip of +glazed calico hemmed and crossed over for strings, round tippets, +and straight print frocks down to their feet. The boys were +in small smocks, of either white or green canvas, with fustian or +corduroy jackets or trowsers below, never cloth. Gloves and +pocket handkerchiefs were hardly known among the children, hardly +an umbrella, far less parasols or muffs. Ladies had +pelisses for out-of-door wear, fitting close like ulsters, but +made of dark green or purple silk or merino, and white worked +dresses under them in summer.</p> +<p>Well, the congregation got into Church—three families by +the step ladder to one gallery, and the men into another, where +the front row squeezed their knees through the rails and leant on +the top bar, the rest of the world in the pews, and the children +on benches. The clerk was in his desk behind the reading +desk—good George Oxford, with his calm, good, gentle face, +and tall figure, sadly lame from rheumatism caught when working +in the brick kilns. His voice was always heard above the +others in the responses, but our congregation never had dropped +the habit of responding, and, though there was no chanting, the +Amens and some of the Versicles used to have a grand full musical +sound peculiar to that Church. People also all turned to +the east for the Creed, few knelt, but some of the elder men +stood during the prayers, and, though there was far too much +<i>sitting down</i> during the <!-- page 25--><a +name="page25"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 25</span>singing, +every body got up and stood, if “Hallelujah” +occurred, as it often did in anthems.</p> +<p>There were eight or ten singers, and they had a bassoon, a +flute, and a clarionet. They used to sing before the +Communion Service in the morning, after the Second Lesson in the +afternoon, and before each Sermon. Master Oxford had a good +voice, and was wanted in the choir, so as soon as the General +Thanksgiving began, he started off from his seat, and might be +heard going the length of the nave, climbing the stairs, and +crossing the outer gallery. Sometimes he took his long +stick with him, and gave a good stripe across the straw bonnet of +any particularly naughty child. In the gallery he +proclaimed—“Let us sing to the praise and glory of +God in the Psalm,” then giving the first line.</p> +<p>The Psalms were always from the New or Old Versions. A +slate with the number in chalk was also hung out—23 O.V., +112 N.V., as the case might be. About four verses of each +were sung, the last lines over and over again, some very oddly +divided. For instance—</p> +<blockquote><p>“Shall fix the place where we must dwell,<br +/> +The pride of Jacob, His delight,”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>was sung thus:—</p> +<blockquote><p>“The pride of Ja—the pride of +Ja—the pride of Ja—” (at least three times +before the line was ended).</p> +</blockquote> +<p>But rough as these were, some of these Psalms were very dear +to us all, specially the old twenty-third:—</p> +<blockquote><p>“My Shepherd is the living Lord,<br /> + Nothing, therefore, I need,<br /> +In pastures fair, by pleasant streams<br /> + He setteth me to feed.</p> +<p>He shall convert and glad my soul,<br /> + And bring my soul in frame<br /> +To walk in paths of holiness,<br /> + For His most Holy Name.</p> +<p>I pass the gloomy vale of death,<br /> + From fear and danger free;<br /> +For there His guiding rod and staff<br /> + Defend and comfort me.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p><!-- page 26--><a name="page26"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +26</span>Another much-loved one was the 121st:—</p> +<blockquote><p>“To Zion’s hill I lift my eyes,<br /> + From thence expecting aid,<br /> +From Zion’s hill and Zion’s God,<br /> + Who heaven and earth hath made.</p> +<p>Sheltered beneath the Almighty’s wings,<br /> + Thou shall securely rest,<br /> +Where neither sun nor moon shall thee<br /> + By day nor night molest.</p> +<p>Then thou, my soul, in safety rest,<br /> + Thy Guardian will not sleep,<br /> +His watchful care, that Israel guards,<br /> + Shall Israel’s monarch keep.</p> +<p>At home, abroad, in peace or war,<br /> + Thy God shall thee defend,<br /> +Conduct thee through life’s pilgrimage,<br /> + Safe to thy journey’s end.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Will the sight of these lines bring back to any one the old +tune, the old sounds, the old sights of the whitewashed Church, +and old John Green in the gallery, singing with his bass voice, +with all his might, his eyebrows moving as he sung? And +then the Commandments and Ante-Communion read not from the Altar, +but the desk; the surplice taken off in the desk instead of the +Vestry; Master Oxford’s announcements shouted out from his +place, generally after the Second Lesson—“I hereby +give notice that a Vestry Meeting will be held on Tuesday, at +twelve o’clock, to make a new rate for the relief of the +poo-oor.” “I hereby give notice that Evening +Service will be at half-past two as long as the winter days are +short.” Well, we should think these things odd now, +and we have much to be thankful for in the changes; but there +were holy and faithful ones then, and Master Oxford was one of +them.</p> +<p>In the days here described, from 1820 to 1827, few small +villages had anything but dame schools, and Otterbourne children, +such as had any schooling at all, were sent to Mrs. Yates’s +school on the hill, where she sat, the very picture of the +old-fashioned mistress, in her black silk bonnet, with the +children on benches before her, and her rod at hand.</p> +<p><!-- page 27--><a name="page27"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +27</span>Several families, however, did not send the children to +school at all, and there were many who could not read, many more +who could not write, and there was very little religious +teaching, except that in the Sunday afternoons in Lent, the +catechism was said in Church by the best instructed children, but +without any explanation.</p> +<p>About the year 1819 Mrs. Bargus and her daughter came to live +at Otterbourne, and in 1822 Miss Bargus married William Crawley +Yonge, who had retired from the army, after serving in the +Peninsula and at Waterloo. Both Mr. and Mrs. Yonge had +clergymen for their fathers, and were used to think much of the +welfare of their neighbours. It was not, however, till 1823 +that Mrs. Yonge saw her way to beginning a little Sunday School +for girls, teaching it all by herself, in a room by what is now +Mr. J. Misselbrook’s house. While there was still +only one Service on Sundays, she kept the school on the vacant +half of the day, reading the Psalms and Lessons to the children, +who were mostly biggish girls. This was when Archdeacon +Heathcote was the Vicar of Hursley and Otterbourne, and the Rev. +Robert Shuckburgh was his Curate. Archdeacon and Mrs. +Heathcote, who were most kind and liberal, gave every help and +assisted in setting up the Clothing Club.</p> +<p>Mrs. Yonge’s first list of Easter prizes contains twenty +names of girls, and the years that have passed have left but few +of them here. A large Bible bound in plain brown leather +was the highest prize; Prayer Books, equally unornamented, New +Testaments, and Psalters, being books containing only the Psalms +and Matins and Evensong, were also given, and were then, perhaps, +more highly valued than the dainty little coloured books every +one now likes to have for Sunday. Then there were frocks, +coarse straw bonnets, and sometimes pocket handkerchiefs, for +these were not by any means such universal possessions as could +be wished, and only came out on Sunday. As to gloves, silk +handkerchiefs, parasols, muffs, or even umbrellas, the children +thought them as much out of their reach as a set of pearls or +diamonds, but what was worse, their outer clothing <!-- page +28--><a name="page28"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 28</span>was +very insufficent, seldom more than a thin cotton frock and +tippet, and the grey duffle cloaks, which were thought a great +possession, were both slight and scanty.</p> +<p>About 1826, Mrs. Yonge was looking at the bit of waste land +that had once served as a roadway to the field at the back of +Otterbourne House, when she said, “How I wish I had money +enough to build a school here.” “Well,” +said Mrs. Bargus, “You shall have what I can +give.” The amount was small, but with it Mr. Yonge +contrived to put up one room with two new small ones at the back, +built of mud rough cast, and with a brick floor, except for the +little bedroom being raised a step, and boarded.</p> +<p>The schoolroom was intended to hold all the children who did +not go to Mrs. Yates, both boys and girls, and it was sufficient, +for, in the first place, nobody from Fryern-hill came. Mrs. +Green had a separate little school there. Then the age for +going to school was supposed to be six. If anyone sent a +child younger, the fee was threepence instead of a penny. +The fee for learning writing and arithmetic was threepence, for +there was a general opinion that they were of little real use, +and that writing letters would waste time (as it sometimes +certainly does). Besides this, the eldest daughter of a +family was always minding the baby, and never went to school; and +boys were put to do what their mothers called “keeping a +few birds” when very small indeed, while other families +were too rough to care about education so that the numbers were +seldom over thirty.</p> +<p>There were no such people as trained mistresses then. +The National Society had a school for masters, but they were +expensive and could only be employed in large towns; so all that +could be looked for was a kind, motherly, good person who could +read and do needlework well. And the first mistress was +Mrs. Creswick, a pleasant-looking person with a pale face and +dark eyes, who had been a servant at Archdeacon +Heathcote’s, and had since had great troubles. She +did teach the Catechism, reading, and work when the children were +tolerably good and obeyed her, but boys were a great deal too +much <!-- page 29--><a name="page29"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +29</span>for her, and she had frail health, and such a bad leg +that she never could walk down the lane to the old Church. +So, after Sunday School, the children used to straggle down to +Church without anyone to look after them, and sit on the benches +in the aisle and do pretty much what they pleased, except when +admonished by Master Oxford’s stick.</p> +<p>Mr. Shuckburgh had by this time come to reside in the parish, +in the house which is now the post-office, and there was at last +a double Service on the Sunday.</p> +<p>The next thing was to consider what was to be done about the +boys, who could not be made to mind Mrs. Creswick. A row of +the biggest sat at the back of the school, with their heels to +the wall, and by constant kicking had almost knocked a hole +through the mud wall; so the Vicar, who was now the +Archdeacon’s son, the Rev. Gilbert Wall Heathcote, gave +permission for the putting up another mud and rough cast school +house near the old Church, for the boys, in an empty part of the +Churchyard to the north-east, where no one had ever been +buried.</p> +<p>However, there Master Oxford was installed as schoolmaster, +coming all the way down from his house on the hill (a +pretty-timbered cottage, now pulled down). He and his boys +had a long way to walk to their school, but he taught them all he +knew and set them a good example. The boys were all +supposed to go to him at six years old, and most were proud of +the promotion. One little fellow was known to go to bed an +hour or two earlier that he might be six years old the +sooner! But some dreaded the good order enforced by the +stick. There was one boy in particular, who had outgrown +the girls’ school, and was very troublesome there. He +would not go to the boys’, and his mother would not make +him, saying she feared he would fall into the water. +“Well,” said Mrs. Bargus, who was a most bright, +kindly old lady of eighty, “I’ll make him +go.” So she took a large piece of yellow glazed +calico intended for furniture lining, walked up to school, and +held it up to the little boy. She said she heard that he +would only go to the girls’ school, and, since everybody +went there in <!-- page 30--><a name="page30"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 30</span>petticoats, she had brought some +stuff to make him a petticoat too! The young man got up and +walked straight off to the boys’ school.</p> +<p>Here are some verses, written by Mrs. Yonge in 1838, on one of +the sights that met her eye in the old Churchyard:—</p> +<blockquote><p>While on the ear the solemn note<br /> +Of prayer and praises heavenward float,<br /> +A butterfly with brilliant wings<br /> +A lesson full of meaning brings,<br /> + A sermon to the +eye.</p> +<p>There on an infant’s grave it stands,<br /> +For it hath burst the shroud’s dull bands,<br /> +Its vile worm’s body there is left,<br /> +Of gross earth’s habits now bereft<br /> + It soars into +the sky.</p> +<p>Thus when the grave her dead shall give<br /> +The little form below shall live,<br /> +Clothed in a robe of dazzling white<br /> +Shall spring aloft on wings of light,<br /> + To realms above +shall fly!</p> +</blockquote> +<p>Changes were setting in all this time. The +rick-burnings, in which so many foolish persons indulged, was +going on in 1831 in many parts of Hampshire. They were +caused partly by dislike to the threshing machines that were +beginning to be used, and partly by the notion that such +disturbances would lead to the passing of the Reform Bill, which +ignorant men believed would give every poor man a fat pig in his +stye. There was no rick-burning here, though some of the +villagers joined the bands of men who wandered about the country +demanding money and arms at the large houses. But, happily, +none of them were actually engaged in any violence, and none of +them swelled the calendar of the Special Assize that took place +at Winchester for the trial of the rioters.</p> +<p>One poor maid-servant in the parish, from the North of +Hampshire, had, however, two brothers, who were intelligent men +of some education, and who, having been ringleaders, were both +sentenced to death. The sentence was, however, commuted to +transportation for life. At Sydney, being of a very +different class from the ordinary <!-- page 31--><a +name="page31"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 31</span>convict, they +prospered greatly, and their letters were very interesting. +They were wonderful feats of penmanship, for postage from +Australia was ruinously expensive, and they filled sheets of +paper with writing that could hardly be read without a +microscope. If we had those letters now they would be +curious records of the early days of the Colony, but all now +recollected is the account of a little kangaroo jumping into a +hunter’s open shirt, thinking it was his mother’s +pouch.</p> +<p>The Reform Bill, after all, when passed made no present +difference in Otterbourne life—nothing like the difference +that a measure a few years after effected, namely, the Poor-law +Amendment Bill. Not many people here remember the days of +the old Poor-law, when whatever a pauper family wanted was +supplied from the rates, and thus an idle man often lived more at +his ease on other people’s money than an industrious man on +his own earnings. It was held that if wages were small they +might be helped out of the rates, and thus the ratepayers were +often ruined. In the midst of the street stood the old +Poorhouse. It had no governor nor anyone to see that order +was kept or work done there, and everybody that was homeless, or +lazy, or disreputable, drifted in there. They went in and +out as they pleased, and had a weekly allowance of money. +Now and then there was a great row among them. One room was +inhabited by an old man named Strong, who was considered a wonder +because he ate adders cut up like eels and stewed with a bit of +bacon. Every now and then a message would come in that old +Strong had got a couple of nice adders and wanted a bit of bacon +to cook with them. Then there was a large family whose +father never worked for any one long together, and lived in the +Workhouse, with a wife and six or seven children, supported by +the parish. These people were pursuaded to go to +Manchester, where there was sure to be work in the factories for +all their many girls. The men in receipt of parish pay were +supposed to have work found for them on the roads, but there was +not much of this to employ them, and as they were paid all the +same whether they worked or not, some were said to hammer the +stones as if they were <!-- page 32--><a name="page32"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 32</span>afraid of hurting them, or to make +the wheeling a couple of barrows of chalk their whole day’s +work.</p> +<p>A good deal depended on the vestry management of each parish, +and there was less of flagrant idleness supported by the rates +here than at many places. There was also a well-built and +arranged Workhouse at Hursley, and the Poor law Commissioners +consented to make one small Union of Hursley, Otterbourne, +Farley, and Baddesley, instead of throwing them into a large +one.</p> +<p>The discontinuance of out-door relief to help out the wages +was a great shock at first, but, when the ratepayers were no +longer weighed down, they could give more work and better wages, +and the labourers thus profited in the end, and likewise began to +learn more independence. Still the times were hard +then. Few families could get on unless the mother as well +as the father did field work, and thus she had no time to attend +thoroughly to making home comfortable, mending the clothes, or +taking care of the little ones. The eldest girl was kept at +home dragging about with the baby, and often grew rough as well +as ignorant, and the cottage was often very little cared +for. The notion of what was comfortable and suitable was +very different then.</p> +<p>The country began to be intersected by railways, and the +South-Western line was marked out to Southampton. The +course was dug out from Shawford and Compton downs, and the +embankment made along our valley. It was curious to see the +white line creeping on, as carts filled with chalk ran from the +diggings to the end, tipped over their contents, and returned +again. When the foundations were dug for the arch spanning +the lane the holes filled with water as fast as they were made, +and nothing could be done till the two long ditches had been dug +to carry off the water to Allbrook. In the course of making +them in the light peaty earth, some bones of animals and (I +believe) stags’ horns were found, but unluckily, were +thrown away, instead of being shown to anyone who would have made +out from them much of the history of the formation of the boggy +earth that forms the water meadows.</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p32b.jpg"> +<img alt="The Old Church, Otterbourne" src="images/p32s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p><!-- page 33--><a name="page33"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +33</span>It is amusing to remember the kind of dread that was +felt at first of railway travelling. It was thought that +the engines would blow up, and, as an old coachman is reported to +have said, “When a coach is overturned, there you are; but +when an engine blows up, where are you?” He certainly +was so far right that a coach accident was fatal to fewer persons +than a railway accident generally is.</p> +<p>The railway passed so near the old Church that the noise of +the trains would be inconvenient on Sundays. At least, so +thought those with inexperienced ears, though many a Church has +since been built much nearer to the line. However, this +fixed the purpose that had already been forming, of endeavouring +to build a new Church. The first idea had been of trying to +raise £300 to enlarge the old Church, but the distance from +the greater part of the parish was so inconvenient, and the +railroad so near, that the building of a new Church was finally +decided on. There really was not room for the men and boys +at the same time on the backless forms they occupied between the +pews in the chancel. Moreover, if a person was found +sitting in a place to which another held that he or she had a +right, the owner never thought of looking for another place +elsewhere, and the one who was turned out went away displeased, +and declared that it was impossible to come to church for fear of +“being upset.” It is strange and sad that +people are so prone to forget what our Master told us about +“taking the highest room,” even in His own House.</p> +<p>But besides the want of accommodation, the old Church was at +an inconvenient distance from the parish. No doubt there +had once been more houses near, but when the cottage inhabited by +old Aaron Chalk was pulled down, nothing remained near but +Otterbourne Farm and the Moat House. Every one living +elsewhere had to walk half a mile, some much more, and though +Kiln Lane was then much better shaded with fine trees than it is +now, it was hard work on a hot or wet Sunday to go twice. +Some of us may recollect one constant churchgoer, John Rogers, +who was so lame as to require two sticks to walk with, and had to +set out an hour beforehand, yet who seldom missed.</p> +<p><!-- page 34--><a name="page34"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +34</span>Just at this time the Reverend John Keble became Vicar +of Hursley, and Otterbourne, and forwarded the plan of church +building with all his might.</p> +<p>Few new churches had been built at that time, so that there +was everything to be learnt, while subscriptions were being +collected from every quarter. Magdalen College, at Oxford, +gave the site as well as a handsome subscription, and every +endeavour was made to render the new building truly church +like. It was during the building that Dr. Rowth, the +President of Magdalen College, coming to hold his court at the +Moat House, had the model of the church brought out to him and +took great interest in it. He is worth remembering, for he +was one of the wisest and most learned men in Oxford, and he +lived to be nearly a hundred years old. Church building was +a much more difficult thing then than it is now, when there are +many architects trained in the principles of church building, and +materials of all kinds are readily provided.</p> +<p>The cross form was at once fixed on as most suitable; and the +little bell turret was copied from one at a place called +Corston. Mr. Owen Carter, an architect at Winchester, drew +the plans, with the constant watching and direction of Mr. Yonge, +who attended to every detail. The white stone, so fit for +carving decorations, which had been used in the Cathedral, is +imported from Caen, in Normandy. None had been brought over +for many years, till a correspondence was opened with the people +at the quarries, and blocks bought for the reredos and +font. Now it is constantly used.</p> +<p>The panels of the pulpit, with the carvings of the Blessed +Virgin, and the four Latin fathers, SS. Ambrose, Augustine, +Jerome, and Gregory the Great, were found in a shop for +antiquities in London. The shape was adapted to a sounding +board, which had been made for the Cathedral, but was rejected +there. The altar-rail also was found in a shop. It +must previously have been in a church, as it has the sacramental +corn and grapes. It is thought to be old Flemish work, and +represents a prince on one side with a crown laid down, as <!-- +page 35--><a name="page35"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +35</span>he kneels in devotion, and some ladies on the opposite +side. The crown is an Emperor’s, and there is the +collar of the Golden Fleece round his neck, so that it is +probably meant for either the Emperor Maximilian or his grandson, +Charles V. One of the gentlemen kneeling behind the Emperor +has a beautiful face of adoration.</p> +<p>The building of the Church took about two years, the first +stone being laid at the north-east corner. It was begun on +the 16th of May, 1837, and it was ready for consecration on the +30th of July, 1839. The building had been prosperous, the +only accident being the crushing of a thumb when the pulpit was +set in its place.</p> +<p>The new boys’ school was built at the same time, the +archway of the south door of the old Church being used for the +doorway, so as to preserve the beautiful and peculiar decoration, +and the roof was lined with the doors and backs of the old +oak-pewing. In the flints collected for the building of +this and of the wall round the churchyard there was a water +wagtail’s nest in which a young cuckoo was reared, having, +of course, turned out the rightful nestling. Probably it +flew safely, for the last time it was seen its foster parents +were luring it out with green caterpillars held a little way from +the nest.</p> +<p>The expense of the building of the boys’ school and of a +new room for the girls was defrayed chiefly by a bazaar held at +Winchester. There were at that time no Education Acts nor +Government requirements, and the buildings would be deemed +entirely unfit at this time even for the numbers who then used +them, and who did not amount to more than between thirty and +forty boys and fifty or sixty girls and infants, together about a +third of the present numbers at school in Otterbourne and +Allbrook. Miss Tucker was then the mistress; Master Oxford +still the master.</p> +<p>The Church was consecrated on the 30th of July, 1839, by +Bishop Sumner, who preached a sermon on the text, “No man +careth for my soul,” warning us that we could not plead +such an excuse for ourselves, if we neglected to walk in the +right way.</p> +<p>One of the earliest funerals in the churchyard was that of +good old <!-- page 36--><a name="page36"></a><span +class="pagenum">p. 36</span>Oxford, old, as he was called, +because he was crippled by rheumatism, but he was only +fifty-two. He lies buried near the south gate of the +churchyard under a large slate recording his name.</p> +<p>He was followed in his office by Mr. William Stainer, who had +hitherto been known as a baker, living in the house which is now +Mr. James Godwin’s. His bread was excellent, and he +was also noted for what were called Otterbourne buns, the art of +making which seems to have gone with him. They were small +fair-complexioned buns, which stuck together in parties of three, +and when soaked, expanded to twice or three times their former +size. He used to send them once or twice a week to +Winchester. But though baking was his profession, he did +much besides. He was a real old-fashioned herbalist, and +had a curious book on the virtues of plants, and he made +decoctions of many kinds, which he administered to those in want +of medicine. Before the Poor Law provided Union doctors, +medical advice, except at the hospital, was almost out of reach +of the poor. Mr. and Mrs. Yonge, like almost all other +beneficent gentlefolks in villages, kept a medicine chest and +book, and doctored such cases as they could venture on, and Mr. +Stainer was in great favour as practitioner, as many of our elder +people can remember. He was exceedingly charitable and +kind, and ready to give his help so far as he could. He was +a great lover of flowers, and had contrived a sort of little +greenhouse over the great oven at the back of his house, and +there he used to bring up lovely geraniums and other flowers, +which he sometimes sold. He was a deeply religious and +devout man, and during Master Oxford’s illness took his +place in Church, which was more important when there was no choir +and the singers sat in the gallery. He was very happy in +this office, moving about on felt shoes that he might make no +noise, and most reverently keeping the Church clean and watching +over it in every way. He also continued in the post of +schoolmaster, which at first he had only taken temporarily, +giving up part of his business to his nephew. But he still +sat up at night baking, and he also had other troubles: there was +insanity in his family, and he was much harassed.</p> +<p><!-- page 37--><a name="page37"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +37</span>His kindness and simplicity were sometimes abused. +He never had the heart to refuse to lend money, or to deny bread +on credit to hopeless debtors; and altogether debts, distress, +baking all night, and school keeping all day, were too much for +him. The first hint of an examination of his school +completed the mischief, and he died insane. It is a sad +story, but many of us will remember with affectionate regard the +good, kind, quaint, and most excellent little man. By that +time our schoolmistress was Mrs. Durndell, the policeman’s +wife, a severe woman, but she certainly made the girls do +thoroughly whatever she taught, especially repetition and +needlework.</p> +<p>The examiner on religious subjects, Mr. Allen, afterwards an +Archdeacon, reported that the girls had an unusual knowledge of +the text of Scripture, but that he did not think them equally +intelligent as to the meaning.</p> +<p>Daily Service had been commenced when the new Church was +opened, and the children of the schools attended it. There +was also a much larger congregation of old men than have ever +come in later years. At one time there were nine constantly +there. One of these, named Passingham, who used to ring the +bell for matins and evensong, was said to have been the strongest +man in the parish, and to have carried two sacks of corn over the +common on the top of the hill in his youth. He was still a +hearty old man at eighty-six, when after ringing the bell one +morning as usual, he dropped down on the hill in a fit and died +in a few seconds.</p> +<p>There was not much change for a good many years. In +1846, the Parsonage House was built and given to the living by +Mr. Keble. The stained glass of the south window of the +Church was given by the Reverend John Yonge, of Puslinch, Rector +of Newton Ferrers, in Devonshire, in memory of his youngest son, +Edmund Charles, who died at Otterbourne House in 1847. +Thirteen years previously, in 1834, the eldest son, James Yonge, +had likewise died at Otterbourne House. Both the brothers +lie buried here, one in the old churchyard, one in the new. +They are commemorated in their own church at Newton <!-- page +38--><a name="page38"></a><span class="pagenum">p. 38</span>by a +tablet with the inscription—“What I do thou knowest +not now, but thou shall know hereafter.”</p> +<p>In 1834 their father gave what made, as it were the second +foundation of the Lending Library, for there were about +four-and-twenty very serious books, given in Archdeacon +Heathcote’s time, kept in the vestry at the old +Church. They looked as if they had been read but only by +the elder people who liked a grave book, and there was nothing +there meant for the young people. So there were a good many +new books bought, and weekly given out at the Penny Club, with +more or less vigour, for the next thirty years or so.</p> +<p>The next public matter that greatly affected this place was +the Crimean War. It was a large proportion of our young men +who were more or less concerned in it. Captain Denzill +Chamberlayne in the Cavalry, Lieut. Julian B. Yonge, John +Hawkins, Joseph Knight, James and William Mason, and it was in +the midst of the hurry and confusion of the departure that the +death of Mr. W. C. Yonge took place, February 26th, 1854. +Three of those above mentioned lived to return home. +Captain Chamberlayne shared in the famous charge of the Light +Brigade, at Balaclava, when</p> +<blockquote><p>Into the jaws of death<br /> +Rode the six hundred:<br /> +Cannon to right of them,<br /> +Cannon to left of them,<br /> +Volleyed and thundered.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>His horse, Pimento, was killed under him, but he escaped +without a wound, and on his return home was drawn up to the house +by the people, and had a reception which made such an impression +on the children that when one was asked in school what a hero +was, she answered, “Captain Chamberlayne.”</p> +<p>John Hawkins, Joseph Knight, and William Mason died in the +Crimea. A tablet to commemorate them was built into the +wall of the churchyard, with the text—“It is good for +a man that he bear the yoke in his youth,” for the +discipline of the army had been very good for these youths, and, +therefore, this verse was chosen for them by Mr. Keble.</p> +<p><!-- page 39--><a name="page39"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +39</span>The next event that concerned the parish much was the +death of the great and holy man who had been our rector for +thirty years. Mr. Keble died at Bournemouth on the 29th of +March, 1866. His manners and language were always so +simple, and his humility so great, that many of those who came in +contact with him never realized how great a man he was, not being +able to perceive that the very deepest thoughts might be clothed +in the plainest language. Some felt, in the words of the +poem,—</p> +<blockquote><p>“I came and saw, and having seen,<br /> + Weak heart! I drew offence<br /> +From thy prompt smile, thy humble mien,<br /> + Thy lowly diligence.”</p> +</blockquote> +<p>But none who really knew him could fail to be impressed with +the sense of his power, his wisdom, his love, and, above all, his +holiness; and his <i>Christian Year</i> will always be a fund of +consolation, full of suggestions of good and devotional thoughts +and deeds. Mrs. Keble, who was already very ill, followed +him to her rest on the 11th of May. It may be worth +remembering that the last time she wrote her name was a signature +to a petition against licensing marriage with a deceased +wife’s sister.</p> +<p>Sir William Heathcote then appointed the Reverend James G. +Young as Vicar of Hursley and Otterbourne. A fresh tide of +change began to set in. As times altered and population +increased, and as old things and people passed away, there were +various changes in the face of the village. The Government +requirements made it necessary to erect a new Girl’s +School, and land was permanently secured for the purpose, and +this was done chiefly by subscription among the inhabitants, +affording a room large enough for parish meetings and lectures, +as well as for its direct purpose. The subscription was as +a testimonial to the Rev. William Bigg-Wither, who had been +thirty years curate of the parish, and under whom many of the +changes for the better were worked out. The building was +provided with a tower, in case there should ever be a clock given +to the parish.</p> +<p>The clock was given in a manner worthy of remembrance. +Mr. <!-- page 40--><a name="page40"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +40</span>William Pink, as a thatcher, and his two sisters in +service, had saved enough to provide for their old age, and to +leave a considerable overplus, out of which the last survivor, +Mrs. Elizabeth Pink, when passing away at a good old age, +bequeathed enough to provide the parish with the clock whose +voice has already become one of our most familiar sounds.</p> +<p>Allbrook was by this time growing into a large hamlet, and a +school chapel was then built, chiefly by Mr. Wheeler. We +must not forget that we had for five years the great and +excellent Samuel Wilberforce for our Bishop, and that he twice +held confirmations in our parish. No one can forget the +shock of his sudden call. One moment he was calling his +companion’s attention to the notes of a late singing +nightingale; the next, his horse had stumbled and he was +gone. It was remarkable that shortly before he had, after +going over the hospital, spoken with dread of what he called the +“humiliation of a lingering illness”—exactly +what he was spared.</p> +<p>Bishop Harold Browne came from Ely to take the See of +Winchester. He reconsecrated our church when the chancel +was enlarged and the new aisle added. He carried on +vigorously work only begun under Bishop Wilberforce. Under +him Diocesan Synods, the Girls’ Friendly Society, and the +Examination of Senior Scholars in Religious Knowledge have all +shown his diligent oversight as Shepherd of the flock.</p> +<p>In the year 1875 Sir William Heathcote succeeded in bringing +about an arrangement by which Otterbourne could be separated from +Hursley and have a Vicar of its own, the difference of income +being made up to the Vicar of Hursley. This was done by the +aid of a munificent lady, Mrs. Gibbs, the widow of one of the +great merchant princes, whose wealth was always treated as a +trust from God. She became the patron of the living, and +the advowson remains in her family.</p> +<p>The first Vicar was the Reverend Walter Francis Elgie, who had +already been six years curate, and had won the love and honour of +all <!-- page 41--><a name="page41"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +41</span>his flock. Deeply did they all mourn him when it +was God’s will to take him from them on the 25th of +February, 1881, in the 43rd year of his age, after ten years of +zealous work.</p> +<p>It was felt as remarkable that a young pupil teacher in +consumption, whom he had sent to the Home at Bournemouth, was +taken on the same day, and buried here the day after, and that +the schoolmaster, Walter Fisher, a man of gentle and saintly +nature, followed him six weeks after.</p> +<blockquote><p>We left them in the Church’s shade,<br /> + Our standard-bearer true,<br /> +And near at hand the gentle maid<br /> + Who well his guidance knew.</p> +<p>He fainted in the noon of life,<br /> + Nor knew his victory won;<br /> +She was fresh girded for the strife,<br /> + Her battle scarce begun.</p> +<p>Long had we known Death’s angel hand<br /> + The maiden’s brow had seal’d;<br /> +He fell, like chief of warrior band,<br /> + Struck down on battle-field.</p> +<p>So in God’s acre here they meet<br /> + As they have met above,<br /> +Tasting beneath their Saviour’s feet<br /> + The treasures of His love.</p> +<p>For what they learnt and taught of here<br /> + Is present with them there;<br /> +May we speed on in faith and fear,<br /> + Then heavenly rest to share.</p> +</blockquote> +<p>With the coming of our present Vicar, the Rev. H. W. Brock, +our Otterbourne story ends, as the times are no longer <i>old +times</i>. The water works for the supply of Southampton +are our last novelty, by which such of us benefit, as either +themselves or their landlords pay a small contribution. +They have given us some red buildings at one end and on the Hill +a queer little round tower containing the staircase leading to +the underground reservoir, a wonderful construction of circles of +brick pillars and arches, as those remember who visited it <!-- +page 42--><a name="page42"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +42</span>before the water was let in. And, verily, we may +be thankful that our record has so few events in it, no terrible +disasters, but that there has been peace and health and comfort, +more than falls to the lot of many a parish. Truly we may +thankfully say, “The lot is fallen unto me in a fair +ground, yea, I have a goodly heritage.”</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p42.jpg"> +<img alt="Birds on fence" src="images/p42.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<h2><!-- page 43--><a name="page43"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +43</span>Old Remembrances.</h2> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p43b.jpg"> +<img alt="Bridges over river" src="images/p43s.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>I remember, I remember,<br /> + Old times at Otterbourne,<br /> +Before the building of the Church,<br /> + And when smock frocks were worn!</p> +<p>I remember, I remember,<br /> + When railroads there were none,<br /> +When by stage coach at early dawn<br /> + The journey was begun.</p> +<p>And through the turnpike roads till eve<br /> + Trotted the horses four,<br /> +With inside passengers and out<br /> + They carried near a score.</p> +<p>“Red Rover” and the “Telegraph,”<br /> + We knew them all by name,<br /> +And Mason’s and the Oxford coach,<br /> + Full thirty of them came.</p> +<p>The coachman wore his many capes,<br /> + The guard his bugle blew;<br /> +The horses were a gallant sight,<br /> + Dashing upon our view.</p> +<p>I remember, I remember,<br /> + The posting days of old;<br /> +The yellow chariot lined with blue<br /> + And lace of colour gold.</p> +<p>The post-boys’ jackets blue or buff,<br /> + The inns upon the road;<br /> +The hills up which we used to walk<br /> + To lighten thus the load.</p> +<p><!-- page 44--><a name="page44"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +44</span>The rattling up before the inn,<br /> + The horses led away,<br /> +The post-boy as he touched his hat<br /> + And came to ask his pay.</p> +<p>The perch aloft upon the box,<br /> + Delightful for the view;<br /> +The turnpike gates whose keepers stood<br /> + Demanding each his due.</p> +<p>I remember, I remember,<br /> + When ships were beauteous things,<br /> +The floating castles of the deep<br /> + Borne upon snow-white wings;</p> +<p>Ere iron-clads and turret ships,<br /> + Ugly as evil dream,<br /> +Became the hideous progeny<br /> + Of iron and of steam.</p> +<p>You crossed the Itchen ferry<br /> + All in an open boat,<br /> +Now, on a panting hissing bridge<br /> + You scarcely seem afloat.</p> +<p>Southampton docks were sheets of mud,<br /> + Grim colliers at the quay.<br /> +No tramway, and no slender pier<br /> + To stretch into the sea.</p> +<p>I remember, I remember,<br /> + Long years ere Rowland Hill,<br /> +When letters covered quarto sheets<br /> + Writ with a grey goose quill;</p> +<p>Both hard to fold and hard to read,<br /> + Crossed to the scarlet seal;<br /> +Hardest of all to pay for ere<br /> + Their news they might reveal.</p> +<p>No stamp with royal head was there,<br /> + But eightpence was the sum<br /> +For every letter, all alike,<br /> + That did from London come!</p> +<p>I remember, I remember,<br /> + The mowing of the hay;<br /> +Scythes sweeping through the heavy grass<br /> + At breaking of the day.</p> +<p><!-- page 45--><a name="page45"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +45</span>The haymakers in merry ranks<br /> + Tossing the swaths so sweet,<br /> +The haycocks tanning olive-brown<br /> + In glowing summer heat.</p> +<p>The reapers ’mid the ruddy wheat,<br /> + The thumping of the flail,<br /> +The winnowing within the barn<br /> + By whirling round a sail.</p> +<p>Long ere the whirr, and buz, and rush<br /> + Became a harvest sound,<br /> +Or monsters trailed their tails of spikes,<br /> + Or ploughed the fallow ground.</p> +<p>Our sparks flew from the flint and steel,<br /> + No lucifers were known,<br /> +Snuffers with tallow candles came<br /> + To prune the wick o’ergrown.</p> +<p>Hands did the work of engines then,<br /> + But now some new machine<br /> +Must hatch the eggs, and sew the seams,<br /> + And make the cakes, I ween.</p> +<p>I remember, I remember,<br /> + The homely village school,<br /> +The dame with spelling book and rod,<br /> + The sceptre of her rule.</p> +<p>A black silk bonnet on her head,<br /> + Buff kerchief on her neck,<br /> +With spectacles upon her nose,<br /> + And apron of blue check.</p> +<p>Ah, then were no inspection days,<br /> + No standards then were known,<br /> +Children could freely make dirt pies,<br /> + And learning let alone!</p> +<p>Those Sundays I remember too,<br /> + When Service there was one;<br /> +For living in the parish then<br /> + Of clergy there were none.</p> +<p>And oh, I can recall to mind,<br /> + The Church and every pew;<br /> +William and Mary’s royal arms<br /> + Hung up in fullest view.</p> +<p><!-- page 46--><a name="page46"></a><span class="pagenum">p. +46</span>The lion smiling, with his tongue<br /> + Like a pug dog’s hung out;<br /> +The unicorn with twisted horn<br /> + Brooding upon his rout.</p> +<p>Exalted in the gallery high<br /> + The tuneful village choir,<br /> +With flute, bassoon, and clarionet,<br /> + Their notes rose high and higher.</p> +<p>They shewed the number of the Psalm<br /> + In white upon a slate,<br /> +And many a time the last lines sung<br /> + Of Brady and of Tate.</p> +<p>While far below upon the floor<br /> + Along the narrow aisle,<br /> +The children on then benches sat<br /> + Arranged in single file</p> +<p>And there the clerk would stump along<br /> + And strike with echoing blow<br /> +Each idle guilty little head<br /> + That chattered loud or low.</p> +<p>Ah! I remember many things,<br /> + Old middle-aged, and new;<br /> +Is the new better than the old,<br /> + More bright, more wise, more true?</p> +<p>The old must ever pass away,<br /> + The new must still come in;<br /> +When these new things are old to you<br /> + Be they unstained by sin.</p> +<p>So will their memory be sweet,<br /> + A treasury of bliss<br /> +To be borne with us in the days<br /> + When we their presence miss.</p> +<p>Trifles connected with the love<br /> + Of many a vanished friend<br /> +Will thrill the heart and wake the sense,<br /> + For memory has no end!</p> +<p style="text-align: center"> +<a href="images/p46.jpg"> +<img alt="Flowers" src="images/p46.jpg" /> +</a></p> +<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD TIMES AT OTTERBOURNE***</p> +<pre> + + +***** This file should be named 24651-h.htm or 24651-h.zip****** + + +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: +http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/2/4/6/5/24651 + + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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