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diff --git a/24442-0.txt b/24442-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..285fe2c --- /dev/null +++ b/24442-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1467 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Report on the Department of Ports and +Harbours for the Year 1890-1891, by Department of Ports and Harbours + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Report on the Department of Ports and Harbours for the Year 1890-1891 + +Author: Department of Ports and Harbours + +Release Date: January 27, 2008 [EBook #24442] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT 1890-1891 *** + + + + +Produced by Nick Wall, Brisbane, Australia. <nick0252@live.com.au> + + + + + + + + + 1891. + + QUEENSLAND. + + REPORT ON THE DEPARTMENT OF PORTS AND HARBOURS + FOR THE YEAR 1890-91. + + Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command. + + + + + +TO THE HONOURABLE THE COLONIAL TREASURER. + + + Department of Ports and Harbours, + Brisbane, 26th August, 1891. + + +SIR,--I have the honour to submit, for your information, the following +Report concerning this Department for the past year:-- + +I assumed charge on the 1st July, 1890, and found that the heavy gales +and floods experienced in January of the same year had most seriously +affected several of the dredged cuttings of the Brisbane, Mary, Burnett, +and Fitzroy Rivers. In some places the Brisbane River had silted up to +such an extent that there were fully 18 inches less water than before +the flood. This, however, only proved a temporary inconvenience, as the +dredges soon restored the cuttings to their original depths. I also +found that considerable changes had taken place in the formation of the +banks at the northern entrance to Moreton Bay, necessitating the +removal--to make the lead effective--of Tangaluma Light (which had only +been established in 1885), also the removal (for the fourth time) of the +Yellow Patch Light, and the building of two new cottages for the +lightkeepers. Owing to the encroachment of the sea, it had also been +found necessary to remove Comboyuro Point Lighthouse and the keeper's +cottage some 200 feet further inland. This work was accomplished by the +Inspector, Mr. H. L. Pethebridge. The floating beacon which marked the +northern entrance to the port had been ashore on Bribie Island for some +time, but, during the first interval of settled westerly weather, she +was floated and brought to Brisbane to be repaired and supplied with new +moorings, after which she was on the 8th August replaced in her former +position, and by the end of October the works of the Department +generally, which had suffered in the early portion of the year, were +restored. + +In January and February of the present year another series of heavy +gales was experienced along the whole coast of the Colony, and on the +6th, 7th, and 8th of June a gale of unusual severity, accompanied by +torrents of rain, swept along the coast from Bowen southwards, causing +heavy seas and abnormally high tides. Such unfavourable weather, of +course, occasioned considerable loss to the Department, a great number +of buoys being driven from their moorings (some lost altogether), and +beacons and other plant receiving a large amount of damage. + + + + +MORETON BAY AND BRISBANE RIVER. + +The banks at the northern entrance to Moreton Bay are constantly +shifting, and the maintenance of the necessary lights and buoys to +enable vessels to enter and clear the port in safety is a source of +continual anxiety. The floating beacon, which had broken adrift during +the month of February, disappeared altogether on the 10th March; and +although diligently searched for, no trace of her has been discovered. +Two valuable buoys disappeared from the outer banks about the same time. +The floating beacon has been replaced by a new second-class (Trinity +pattern) steel conical buoy, surmounted with a staff and cage, the top +of which is 12 feet above the water, forming a most conspicuous object. +New buoys have been moored in the positions of those lost. + +No. 1 cutting, Hamilton Reach, has now a depth of 17 feet at low water, +spring tides; and the entrance to the bar cutting is being dredged to a +similar depth. The increased depth of water in these cuttings is of +considerable importance to vessels of heavy draught. A depth of 15 feet +at low water, spring tides, is fully maintained in the other cuttings, +but there are several shallow places in the town reaches of the river +which require attention. + +The more recent gales and floods do not appear to have injuriously +affected the dredged cuttings of the Brisbane River. Several new beacons +have been erected to replace those blown down or found defective; and, +to render them more conspicuous, heads have been placed on some of the +beacons marking the bar cutting. Beyond some slight repairs, now being +effected, all the sea and river marks for the navigation of this port +are in good order, and the various buildings are not likely to require +any extensive repairs for some time. + +The apparatus at the various lighthouses in Moreton Bay are in good +order, with the exception of the reflectors at Cape Moreton, which will +shortly require re-silvering. This work can be done locally. + +The sea-pilot steamer "Advance" continues to do her work satisfactorily, +and is most usefully employed at her present station. She is only used +for towing in cases of emergency, so that her earnings in that respect +are very limited. + +The "Laura" is a most useful vessel, and is kept fully employed +performing the various duties of the Department. She is, however, +seventeen years old, and her hull shows signs of weakness, although her +engines and boiler are in good order. + +The "Pippo" requires a new boiler and certain repairs to her hull. To +efficiently carry out the work of the Department at this port, I find a +third steamer indispensable, as the "Advance" must be kept at her +station, and it is impossible for the "Laura" to successfully perform +all the other work of the Department; and should either break down, a +third steamer would be necessary as a relieving vessel. + +The Nautical Surveyor (Mr. E. A. Cullen) has just finished a survey of +the northern half of Moreton Bay, a work which was rendered necessary by +the fact that the only chart available for use was one originally +published by the Admiralty in 1865, with corrections inserted at various +intervals up to within the last two years, since which great changes +have taken place in the formation of the banks. Mr. Cullen accomplished +the work in the "Pippo" in a most satisfactory manner, in the short +space of five months, and a tracing of the new chart has been +transmitted to the Admiralty for publication. The survey discloses +changes of a prejudicial character at the entrance to the North or Howe +Channel, which has been contracted by the extension of the east bank in +a northerly direction about four cables, and the south-east extreme of +the north bank to the eastward, about three and a half cables, while to +the north-north-east of the north bank a small patch has formed, having +only three fathoms upon it at low water. This patch is only one cable to +the westward of the line of lights, and a continuance of similar growths +will render the entrance at night exceedingly difficult, and probably +destroy the utility of the present leading lights. The channel, however, +at present maintains a depth in its shallowest part of 21 feet at low +water, spring tides. The attached plan shows the position of the line of +lights in relation to the three fathom patch and north-west extreme of +the east bank. The three and five fathom contours as existing in 1886 +are shown in red, while their present positions are indicated in black. +Numerous other changes are shown on the new chart, but the banks to the +westward, in the vicinity of the north-west channel, have changed so +very little during the last twenty-five years that the channel may be +regarded as practically a permanent one. It is the widest, deepest, and +only permanent approach to Moreton Bay, and vessels of heavy draught, +whose visits are rapidly increasing--including some of H.M. ships--have +now to wait for daylight to enter the port by this channel. It is buoyed +for use in the daytime, and can--when considered necessary--be easily +and cheaply lighted for use at night. + +The approach to Moreton Bay by the South Passage should be discouraged, +as the banks move about in a remarkable manner; and variation in the +depth of water and direction of the channels being of frequent +occurrence, it should be attempted only by men possessing good local +knowledge, in vessels of light draught. + + +WIDE BAY AND MARYBOROUGH. + +The new channel across Wide Bay Bar, which was buoyed and lighted in +July of last year, maintains its depth and direction. Some changes have +taken place in Sandy Strait, notably at Stewart's Island Flats, where +the cutting has silted up; and a new channel to the eastward of the +cutting, carrying a depth of 18 inches more water, has been beaconed and +lighted. The gales and floods experienced during January and February +did very great damage; and the outlay in replacing lost buoys, and +repairing and replacing beacons, has been considerable. A perch buoy has +been moored at the northern entrance to Great Sandy Strait, in place of +the floating beacon which was sunk on the night of the 10th May last. +The work of raising this vessel was commenced, but had to be abandoned +in consequence of heavy weather coming on and ultimately breaking her +up. The buoys and beacons are in good order throughout this district. +When the cutting at Horse-shoe Bend is completed, there will be a depth +of 10 feet at low water, spring tides, through all the cuttings in the +Mary River, and vessels drawing 19 feet will be enabled to reach the +wharves at Maryborough. + +The lightkeeper's cottages at Woody Island and one of the cottages at +Inskip Point require some repairs, but with those exceptions the +domiciles are in good order. + +The steamer "Llewellyn" has been recently surveyed, and, beyond the +ordinary outlay, no expenditure is anticipated during the current year. +In June last this vessel was instrumental in saving the brigantine +"Hector," with eighty lives on board, from being wrecked on Breaksea +Spit. In Great Sandy Strait and the Mary River there are no less than 50 +lights, most of which are leading lights burning day and night. These +lights keep two steam launches with their crews constantly at work +attending to them; the system is elaborate, but very costly. + + +BURNETT RIVER. + +The gales and floods in the early part of this year, and again in June +last, caused considerable damage in the river and outside the Heads, +nearly every buoy being swept from its moorings, by the velocity of the +freshes (two being lost altogether). Several of the beacons were blown +down, and the course of the channel in the Inner Bar lead altered so +much, that the leading beacons had to be removed twice. The banks at the +entrance to the river have increased in extent, and changed the course +of the channel outside the Bar, rendering the approach to the port more +intricate. The buoys have been shifted to mark the new channel. + +The lighthouse at the Burnett Heads and the leading beacons in the river +are all in good order. The pilot vessel has given much satisfaction +since receiving extensive alterations and repairs in Brisbane last year. + +The new explosives magazine is found to be a great convenience, and +offers ample accommodation for all requirements. + +The beacons in the Kolan River, which were blown down in the June gale +have been restored. + + +PORT CURTIS. + +The recent heavy weather has had the effect of altering very much the +north channel into Port Curtis, the depth having shallowed from 18 to 11 +feet at low water, spring tides. The inner end of the channel has been +contracted by the extension of the north-west end of the east bank +west-north-westerly direction, and the spit off Oyster Rock to the +southward. These changes have necessitated the removal of the two +buoys--formerly marking the entrance--to the inner edge of the east bank +and the southern point of the spit off Gatcombe Head. + +Heavy deposits of mud have taken place in Auckland Creek and the +Calliope River, and it has been found necessary to shift the leading +lights to enable vessels to enter the creek in safety. Considerable +expense has been incurred through the renewals of buoys and beacons +occasioned by the floods in February last, almost every buoy being +displaced. All the marks are now, however, in position again. The light +on Gatcombe Head and the apparent light on Oyster Rock are working +satisfactorily, and the dwelling-houses of the lightkeeper and pilot +crew are in very fair order, only one of them requiring repairs of any +consequence. Ordinary wear and tear is the only expense likely to be +required for the pilot schooner "Enid" during the current year. + +Very little progress of any utility has been made in connection with the +work of deepening the Narrows. + +At Bustard Head I found the lighthouse, the two auxiliary lights, and +the domiciles of the superintendent and keepers in excellent order. + + +ROCKHAMPTON. + +The floods of this year have caused no changes of importance in the +Fitzroy River. The new channel at Central Island--which opened out and +was beaconed and lighted this time last year--maintains its depth +unassisted by dredging operations, and appears to be improving. No. 5 +cutting is consequently no longer used. A new vessel has replaced the +old lightship at the Upper Flats. She is considered an efficient and +necessary beacon at one of the most rocky curves of the Fitzroy River, +and serves as a domicile for the lightkeepers, who maintain the lights +ashore and afloat for a distance of five miles. Tidal signals are also +shown from the vessel both day and night. + +During the year the dwelling-houses of the pilot's staff at Keppel Bay +and the lightkeepers at Sea Hill, Balaklava, and Brown's Crossing have +been painted throughout; at the latter station some repairs were also +executed. Any further expense during the current year is, therefore, not +likely to be necessary. + +At Balaklava the sea is encroaching on the northern foreshore of the +island, but arrangements have been made to deposit some 500 tons of +ballast, of which a rough dyke will be constructed by the Harbour +Master's staff. This, it is anticipated, will prevent further inroads by +the sea. + +The buildings at Sea Hill and at the pilot station are in good order. +The Timandra Bank lightship requires some repairs, and the decks want +caulking, which I anticipate may be done without removing the vessel +from her station. All the buoys and beacons in Keppel Bay and the +Fitzroy River have had careful attention, and are in good order. + + +CAPE CAPRICORN. + +The lightkeeper in charge of this station (Edwin Biss) died in +Rockhampton during the year, and was succeeded by the first assistant +(James Aitken). The lighthouse tower is in good order, but the iron +roofing of two of the cottages requires renewal, being oxidised and full +of perforations. + + +NORTH REEF. + +At this exposed and isolated station I found the central structure in +sound condition, but the corrugated iron forming the walls and roof of +the circular superstructure round the base of the tower, and which forms +the domicile for the superintendent and lightkeepers, is very much +corroded by the action of the salt water, necessitating some +considerable repairs. During the gale and high tides of March last, the +sandbank was entirely submerged, the sea smashing in the doors and +windows, and flooding the keeper's quarters. The sand, some 14 feet in +depth, which originally surrounded the building, has been washed away, +allowing the sea free access to the foundation caisson, which is down 14 +feet into the solid madrepore. I do not, however, consider the stability +of the structure is depreciated to any extent in consequence. This +station, like Cape Capricorn, is visited by the Harbour Master at +Rockhampton once a month. + + +PINE ISLET. + +Everything here is in good order, and a gangway ladder has been +constructed to facilitate landing at this almost inaccessible rock, +which the Harbour Master at Rockhampton visits every two months. + + +YEPPOON. + +One small steamer and two or three small craft trade to this place, the +Department maintaining the necessary marks for navigation. + + +HARRISVILLE (EMU PARK). + +No vessels except fishing and pleasure boats have been here for some +time. A black buoy is, however, kept moored off the end of the outer +reef. + + +PORT BOWEN. + +Is now only visited by vessels seeking shelter. The wharf is in good +order, but no cattle have been shipped since 1887. + + +BROADSOUND. + +Since October last the staff at this port, which previously consisted of +a pilot and three hands, has been considerably reduced--the coxswain +only (who is also a boatman pilot) being retained. The trade to the port +is merely one small steamer, making about four trips a year. + + +PORT MACKAY. + +So far but little improvement in the Pioneer River appears to have +resulted from the construction of the stone training walls. Raising the +wall from Fisherman's Bank down stream to its present termination will +have a beneficial effect, and remove the possibility of small +vessels--when not under command--resting upon it at high water. Its +additional height will also prevent the sand (as in February last, when +the sea made a breach through East Point) from being carried over into +the main channel and leaving a deposit of some 18 inches on the top of +the wall. The upper stone wall commencing at Magazine Island has proved +beneficial, by creating a scour resulting in the removal of the upper +flats. At East Point the bar beacons have been removed again (for the +third time in ten years), in consequence of the continual growth in a +south-westerly direction of the extreme end of the sand spit. + +The older portion of the wooden retaining wall on the south bank of the +Pioneer River is in a most unsightly and dilapidated condition, owing to +the combined ravages of white ants and cobra; the newer portion is also +being quickly destroyed from the same cause. The stone retention wall +which extends along part of River Street is, however, well constructed, +and likely to prove of permanent utility. + +The buoys and beacons within Port Mackay are in an efficient condition, +and the lighthouse at Flat Top and dwelling-houses of all the +Department's employees require but few repairs. The steam launch is a +useful handy vessel, and is in good order. + + +HABANA CREEK. + +To the northward of Mackay, is the outlet for all the sugar manufactured +on the Habana Estate, which last year amounted to 2,666 tons. The +requisite beacons are maintained by the pilot's staff at Mackay. + + +CABBAGE-TREE CREEK. + +To the southward of Mackay, is available for small vessels drawing 8 or +9 feet of water, and may possibly require beaconing, as it is likely to +be availed of, in consequence of its close proximity to Grass-Tree +Mountain, where gold reefing promises shortly to be in operation. + + +DENT ISLAND. + +As this station I found the lighting apparatus working well, and the +tower and cottages in a satisfactory condition. Mr. F. Walker, the late +lightkeeper in charge, has been compelled to retire through ill-health, +after a faithful service of twenty-one years. + + +BOWEN. + +I regret to say that Mr. Robert Findlater, who has satisfactorily filled +the position of pilot at Bowen for the last twenty-eight years, died +last month. The boatman pilot will in future carry out the duties +hitherto performed by Mr. Findlater. The platform of the lighting +apparatus at North Head lighthouse requires some repairs, but the other +buildings appear in good order. The wreck of the s.s. "Wentworth" still +remains on the rocks to the southward of North Head, and forms a most +efficient beacon. The pilot ketch "Dudley" has been recently repaired at +Townsville in a very satisfactory manner. She is a very useful vessel, +making monthly trips to Dent Island in addition to her other duties. + + +CAPE BOWLING GREEN. + +During the last six months the sea has gradually encroached upon the +lighthouse and cottages at this station, quite 150 feet of the bank in +front of the lighthouse having disappeared. The sea, on three occasions, +washed some of the piles from under the superintendent's house. With +high spring tides the water touches the base of the lighthouse on the +north-west side; and as the spit to the south-east is now moving away, +it would appear more than probable that if any further encroachment +takes place the buildings will be surrounded with water, when their +position will be most critical. There was nothing abnormal in the state +of the tide when the greatest encroachment took place, and the +disappearance of the bank which formerly protected the buildings can +only be accounted for by the soft and yielding nature of the sand which +underlies an apparently hard and compact surface. I visited Cape Bowling +Green twice within a month, and the changes wrought during the interval +of my visits were remarkable. On the first occasion a bank of sand 6 +feet high, with a row of cocoanut trees about eight years old, extended +some 150 feet in front of the buildings. On my last visit the whole of +this bank, together with the cocoanut trees, had disappeared, and the +sea at high water was washing under the superintendent's house and +within a few feet of the lighthouse. I consulted on the spot with the +Harbour Master (Mr. Hughes), the Inspector (Mr. Pethebridge), and the +Superintendent (Mr. Cole), all of whom have been acquainted with the +place for the last seventeen or eighteen years, with the object of +selecting a new and more eligible site. Such, however, does not appear +to exist. The lighthouse and apparatus are in good order, and the +cottages, with the exception of that occupied by the superintendent, are +in fair condition. + + +CAPE CLEVELAND. + +The clockwork requires some slight alterations, owing to the irregular +intervals of revolution; but, with that exception, everything is in +satisfactory order. + + +TOWNSVILLE. + +No alteration appears to have taken place in the depth of water in +Cleveland Bay. The damage to the eastern breakwater caused by the +cyclone of last year has been repaired, and the structure has been +greatly strengthened. At its outer extremity a massive concrete +foundation has been embedded in the masonry, upon which the lighthouse +has been strongly secured. The light is of the 4th order dioptric, +showing a red arc of 270° to seaward, and a white arc of 90°, visible +inside the breakwater and to the southward towards Alligator Creek. The +extension of the western breakwater is also completed, and from its +outer extremity a small green light will be exhibited. The channel into +Ross Creek, dredged in 1889 to a depth of 10 feet at low water, has +silted up in places below the Harbours and Rivers' Wharf to 5-1/2 feet; +above that it retains its depth. + +Inside the breakwater, and at the entrance between the piers, dredging +is being proceeded with, and it will be a great advantage to the +shipping visiting the port when the dredging along the inside of the +eastern breakwater is completed. + +It is proposed to erect semaphores for exchanging communications between +the signal station and Bay Rock lighthouse, flag signals being +frequently indistinguishable. The lighthouse at Bay Rock is well +maintained. + +The steam launch is very useful, but rather small for the work she has +to perform. + +The buoys and beacons in Cleveland Bay are now in good repair, several +renewals having been necessary during the past year. All the property of +the Department appears to be well looked after, and in an efficient +state. The new relieving lightship built at Townsville was finished last +April. After being fitted with two new 5th order dioptric lights--which, +being exhibited from the same lantern, show a powerful fixed light--she +was towed up in July to relieve the Channel Rock lightship, which had +been thirteen years at her moorings. The latter vessel has been brought +to Townsville for repairs. + + +BARRATTA AND ALLIGATOR CREEKS. + +Have required rebeaconing throughout. The trade to the latter creek is +increasing, as the Meat-preserving Works have recommenced operations. + + +PLANTATION CREEK. + +The necessary beacons and leading lights are maintained. + + +DUNGENESS. + +At this port much damage was done by the gales in the early part of the +year. The beach which formerly protected the pilot station buildings has +been greatly encroached upon by the sea, and at one time fears were +entertained for the safety of the dwelling-houses. Happily, however, the +only damage done was the destruction of the boatshed and the loss of a +few stores. The Custom-house and telegraph station, which adjoin the +pilot station, are being removed to a new site; and I think it advisable +that the pilot station should also be removed, as, with a renewal of +last year's weather, the buildings may be lost altogether. The +destruction to buoys and beacons was very great, and the approaches to +the Herbert River have altered very much. All damage to buoys and +beacons has been made good, and the channels, which retain their former +depths, re-marked. + + +SNAGGING PUNT. + +Snagging has been carried on during the year in the Johnstone, Seymour, +Herbert, and Nind Rivers. The results, however, were not satisfactory, +it being difficult to control the operations of the men. A local trust +has been appointed to carry out the work, and better results may be +anticipated. + + +MOURILYAN HARBOUR. + +The trade to this port is now confined to the visit of a small steamer +twice a week. The necessary beacons and lights are maintained by the +Department. + + +JOHNSTONE RIVER. + +Has, like mostly all the other ports, suffered from the effects of gales +and floods. The amount of damage was, however, comparatively trifling, +and confined to the blowing down of a few inexpensive beacons. The +approach to the river has altered its direction, and the leading lights +and beacons on Flying Fish Point have been moved to indicate the course +in, which is now N. W. by W. 3/4 W., while formerly it was W. 3/4 N. The +houses at the pilot station and the pilot cutter are in good order. + + +CAIRNS. + +The new cutting into Cairns harbour was completed last year, giving a +depth of 13 feet at low water, spring tides, and leading lights and +beacons have been established to render the cutting easily navigable by +night as well as by day. The dredged channel has stood remarkably well; +only a slight silting up has been recently reported near the third pile. +This spot, however--upon inquiry--appears never to have been dredged. A +new staff for the outer leading light has been erected, and the buoys +and beacons are fully maintained. The largest coasting steamers now +enter and leave the port in safety. The beacons in the Barron and +Mulgrave Rivers are attended to by the staff at Cairns, and are at +present in their proper positions. + +My predecessor suggested that a lightship should be placed near the +Fairway Buoy to mark the entrance to the dredged cutting, and as a guide +for vessels visiting the port, as well as to exhibit the necessary tidal +signals. A light-vessel or--what would be cheaper--a small fixed +pile-light on the Trotter-Lindberg principle--would certainly be a great +advantage. The pilot boat, dwelling-houses, boatshed, and all property +of the Department is well looked after. + + +LOW ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE. + +The lighthouse and buildings on this island are kept in a very orderly +way, and apparently no outlay will be necessary for some time. The +Harbour Master at Port Douglas visits the station once a month. + + +PORT DOUGLAS. + +The buoys and beacons are in good order, but the lighthouse requires a +new balcony and door. The buoys and beacons at the Daintree and Mossman +Rivers are maintained by the staff at Port Douglas, but the trade at the +present time is very limited. + + +COOKTOWN. + +During the past year the swinging basin has been dredged, which +considerably increases the anchorage accommodation at this port. The +pilot vessel "Governor Cairns" has been recently repaired and +remetalled, and consequently will require no further outlay for some +time. She is principally employed in attending to the beacons in the +Inner Route to Torres Straits, and conveying stores to the lighthouses +at Archer Point and Rocky Islet. The harbour plant, buildings, buoys, +beacons, and the lighthouse and signal station on Grassy Hill are well +cared for, and in good order. Two new buoys were supplied last year. + + +LIGHTSHIPS. + +The new relieving light-vessel is now stationed at Channel Rock, and, as +she was provided with a new and complete equipment, no outlay will be +necessary for her maintenance for some time. + +The Claremont Island lightship had a thorough overhaul two years ago. +She is kept in excellent order, and requires no outlay. The Piper Island +lightship will be the next vessel to be relieved. The metal on her +bottom is becoming thin, and the caulking in her topsides defective. +After a careful examination I consider she may remain another year or +eighteen months at her station. The repairs necessary in the meantime +are unimportant. + + +BEACONS, INNER ROUTE. + +These are now in an efficient state, the heavy weather of the pant year +having occasioned considerable damage, two expensive beacons having to +be renewed altogether. + + +THURSDAY ISLAND. + +The timber portion of the jetty was finished last year, and the T end is +now being slowly proceeded with, the velocity of the tide rendering the +performance of the work very difficult. When complete it will be a great +convenience to large steamers, not exceeding 22 feet draught of water, +which will be able to lie alongside. The buoys and beacons are well +maintained, but there are at present no leading lights for guiding +vessels into the port at night-time. This want is often a source of +great detention and loss to vessels visiting the port, and many +complaints have been made in consequence. Arrangements can easily be +made to provide leading lights; and as their maintenance would not +require any addition to the present staff, the outlay would be very +moderate. The lighthouse and signal station at Goode Island are in a +very efficient state, but the tramway for getting oil and stores from +the beach (some 1,100 feet in length) is quite past repair, and requires +renewal. It is proposed to put iron instead of wooden rails, as being +more economical in the end. + +At the pilot station everything is in order, no outlay for repairs being +necessary. The pilot cutter "Lizzie Jardine" has been relieved by the +cutter "Eileen," recently repaired at Cooktown. + + +PROUDFOOT SHOAL LIGHTSHIP. + +When I visited this vessel I found that the heavy weather experienced +during the last north-west monsoon had caused her to ride heavily, and +that her decks forward had, as a consequence, strained a little. The +necessary repairs are being effected by one of the crew, who is a +practical shipwright. I propose in future to keep a carpenter in lieu of +a seaman on each light-vessel. + + +NORMANTON. + +The dredged cuttings at the mouth of the Norman were completed on 20th +September, 1890, when the necessary beacons and leading lights were +erected, and all the works of the Department were in good order until +the 24th February last, when the Gulf of Carpentaria was visited by a +gale of great violence, accompanied by unusually high seas. Vessels +anchored at the Norman Bar dragged considerably, although riding with +both anchors down. The damage to the harbour works was very great. All +the beacons at the mouths of the Norman and Albert Rivers were +displaced, some being destroyed altogether. The lightship parted her +cable, and was carried about 900 feet above ordinary high-water mark on +the Bynoe beach, and two of the Department's boats were smashed. The +dredged cuttings into the Norman River have stood very well, considering +the gales and floods experienced during the year, for, except at one +place near the second black buoy in the outer cutting, hardly any change +is perceptible. At the place indicated, however, the channel for about +400 feet has silted up some 18 inches. Since the weather has become +settled no further alteration has taken place. The buoys and beacons +have been restored to a state of efficiency, but the lightship is still +on shore. As she does not appear to have received much damage, a +contract has been let for floating and taking her to Karumba. + +After the "Vigilant" returned to Normanton from Thursday Island, where +she had been relieving the "Albatross," she required a number of repairs +which were executed, and she is now in fair condition. + + + + +GENERAL. + +The trade to several of the ports having considerably diminished, I have +as vacancies occurred, been able to recommend reductions in the staff by +13 officers and men, which will effect an annual saving of £1,932, +without in any way impairing the efficiency of the Department. + +Having visited all the lighthouses on the Queensland coast, I find the +sites upon which the structures are erected have been selected with +great care and judgment, and the illuminating apparatus of the most +modern description (excepting Cape Moreton, which, however, shows an +excellent light), and supplied principally by the eminent lighthouse +engineers, Messrs. Chance Bros., of Birmingham. + +Additional 1st or 2nd order lights are not necessary at present, but in +the Inner Route and Torres Strait much time is lost by the mail and +other large steamers through having to anchor at night. Steam vessels +are fast superseding sailing vessels, and their number passing along +this coast increases every month, which will soon render additional +lights necessary. + +Pintsch's gas for beacons, buoys, and light-vessels is being adopted to +a great extent in Europe, Asia, America, and the Suez Canal. In the +colony of Victoria Pintsch's gas buoys are also in use. It possesses +great advantages, owing to the cheapness of first cost and to the fact +that no outlay is necessary for lightkeepers, as the light burns from +six weeks to two months without attention. This system of lighting is +admirably adapted for use in the Inner Route and for the shifting +channels at the entrance to Moreton Bay. Several lightships with their +crews have been recently dispensed with in France, and gas buoys +substituted. + +Another cheap and very effective light, the "Trotter Lindberg," is being +introduced into the lighting system of Europe. This light is produced by +burning paraffin or lythene oil in a specially designed apparatus. With +the latter the light burns 14 days, and with the former 7 days without +attention. A special feature of the apparatus is that an intermittent +light is produced by the automatic action of a screen, which is made to +revolve by the ascent of the heated air produced by the light. To mark +the outer end of a cutting or narrow channel, the Trotter-Lindberg light +might be utilised instead of a lightship. A lantern, with optical +apparatus complete, costs about £100 to £125 in London. + + +SUNKEN WRECKS. + +Disfigure several of our rivers, and are not only a source of danger to +navigation, but are liable to cause deposits which may hereafter render +dredging necessary. I have endeavoured--without success--to find owners +for the vessels referred to. Ownership has evidently been transferred +from one to another with the intention of evading the responsibility of +raising or removing the wrecks. Some legislation is needed on this +subject. The steamer "Settler" was removed from the river bank at +Bulimba in February last, the lowest tender for the work being £100. + + +WRECKS AND CASUALTIES. + +A tabulated statement is attached hereto, giving particulars of the +wrecks and casualties to shipping on our coast for the year ending 30th +June last. Happily no loss of life has been the result. Nor have the +crews suffered much hardship, being in most cases rescued by means of +their own boats. + + +WATER POLICE. + +Good work has been done by the Town Water Police, all their vigilance +being required to prevent breaches of the Port Regulations. + + +UNIVERSAL SYSTEM, BUOYS AND BEACONS. + +The system as recommended by the International Maritime Conference at +Washington, the Life-saving Appliances Act, the new Load Line Act, and +the Report of the Bulkhead Committee are having the special attention of +the Marine Board, and will be dealt with as soon as possible. + + +TREE-PLANTING ON ISLANDS AND REEFS. + +The pilot vessels at Broadsound, Mackay, Townsville, and Cooktown have +been frequently utilised during the last twelve months in conveying +cocoanut and other trees, to the various islands and reefs adjacent to +our coast, where they have been planted, and the lightkeepers in the +neighbourhood have been instructed to protect the young plants as far as +possible. Tree culture, especially the cocoanut--for which the coral +islands form congenial homes--is important, not only commercially, but +as contributing to the safety of navigation, the existence of trees +rendering the outlying islands and reefs more conspicuous, and are more +serviceable than beacons. As an article of food, the cocoanuts would +prove invaluable to shipwrecked crews. Those planted on some of the +islands are thriving well, especially some 200 young plants on the +Lizard Islands. The trees that have been planted recently require +protection in some way, or they will disappear, as did the fully-matured +trees which existed some years ago on the Frankland Islands. + + +FISHERIES. + +The revenue derived from the Oyster Fisheries has increased in a +substantial manner during the past year. This is owing to the large +number of banks which have been licensed in Rodd's Harbour, and also the +successful sale of dredge sections in Moreton Bay. Banks at the Flinders +Group, Princess Charlotte Bay, have also been licensed, the oysters +being sent to Normanton and Burketown. On my recent Northern trip I +visited Flinders Group, and saw indications of what may develop into a +large industry, not only in connection with edible oysters, but with +pearl oysters, several samples of which were shown to me. The quantity +and value of oysters exported from Brisbane and Maryborough up to 30th +June last were as per following table, viz.:-- + + +BRISBANE. + + Year No. of Bags. Value. + £ + 1870 4,523 1,644 + 1871 5,127 1,625 + 1872 4,060 1,427 + 1873 3,036 768 + 1874 3,912 1,704 + 1875 5,349 2,622 + 1876 6,648 2,792 + 1877 2,736 1,639 + 1878 1,790 1,227 + 1879 3,793 2,729 + 1880 5,293 3,475 + 1881 7,559 6,153 + 1882 9,953 9,074 + 1883 8,878 7,342 + 1884 8,256 8,475 + 1885 8,076 8,094 + 1886 7,512 8,533 + 1887 7,167 8,240 + 1888 6,191 7,616 + 1899 6,791 13,368 + 1890 12,906 15,981 + 1891[A] 8,719 11,381 + +[Footnote A: six months] + +MARYBOROUGH. + + + Year No. of Bags. Value. + £ + 1887 1,692 1,967 + 1888 1,990 3,326 + 1889 1,914 3,677 + 1890 3,257 6,580 + 1891[A] 1,869 3,542 + +[Footnote A: six months] + + +The revenue received on account of Oyster Fisheries for the year ending +30th June, 1981, was as follows:-- + + + Brisbane ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...£4,360 17 9 + Maryborough ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 875 10 0 + Gladstone ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 400 0 0 + Rockhampton ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2 0 0 + Thursday Island (Flinders Group) ... ... 7 0 0 + --------------- + Total £5,645 7 9 + + +The number of men and boats employed in connection with the oyster +industry in Moreton Bay are--men 82, boats 36; and the number of banks +worked are 241. + +Licenses for catching fish at this port have been issued as follows for +the current year:--Europeans, 99 men and 46 boats; Chinese, 32 men and +16 boats. + +Attached hereto is the Inspector's Report on the Oyster and other +Fisheries in the Maryborough district. + + I have, &c, + T. M. ALMOND, + Portmaster and Chairman Marine Board. + + + + +CASUALTIES TO VESSELS on the QUEENSLAND COAST for the year ended 30th +June, 1891. + + + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | T | | | | | | + | | o | | | | | | + | Name | n | | Nature and | Total | | | + | of | n | Date. | Locality of | or | Lives| Result of | + | Vessel. | a | | Casualty. | Partial | Lost.| Inquiry. | + | | g | | | Loss. | | | + | | e | | | | | | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 14 | Stranding, | | | | + | Taldora, | 232 | July | Eagle Rock, | Partial | None | Master | + | s.s. | | 1890 | Fitzroy River | | | cautioned. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 20 | Stranding, | | | Pilot's license | + | Archer, | 694 | July | M Reef, | Partial | None | suspended | + | s.s. | | 1890 | Inner Route | | | 3 months. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 22 | Stranding, | | | | + | Changsha, |1463 | July | Rattray Island, | Partial | None | Master severely | + | s.s. | | 1890 | Inner Route | | | censured. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 06 | Stranding, | | | | + | Volga, |1620 | August | Beresford Shoal | Total | None | No default. | + | barque | | 1890 | | | | | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | Grace | | 12 | Stranding, | | | | + | Lynn, | 93 | August | reef off | Partial | None | Master Guilty; | + | schr. | | 1890 | Low Island | | | gross negligence. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 22 | Stranding, | | | | + | Joseph, | 687 | August | Heroine Reef, | Total | None | Foreign vessel. | + | barque | | 1890 | Endeavour Strait| | | No inquiry. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | Royal | | 22 | Foundering, | | | | + | Duke, | 105 | August | Cooktown | Partial | None | No default. | + | schr. | | 1890 | Harbour | | | | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------| + | Jennie | | 21 | | | | | + | Scott, | 38 |September| Stranding, | Total | None | No default. | + | ketch | | 1890 | Flora Reef | | | | + +---------------+-----+---------+--------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 14 | Collision, | | | Pilot's license | + | Taiyuan, |2269 | October | Brisbane | Partial | None | suspended for | + | s.s. | | 1890 | River | | | 3 months. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 09 | Fire, | | | | + | Corea, | 382 |November | Brisbane | Partial | None | No default. | + | s.s. | | 1890 | River | | | | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 11 | Collision, | | | Insufficient | + | Kate, | 147 |November | Brisbane | Total | None | lookout on | + | s.s. | | 1890 | Bar | | | Burwah. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 11 | Collision, | | | Insufficient | + | Burwah, | 568 |November | Brisbane | Partial | None | lookout on | + | s.s. | | 1890 | Bar | | | Burwah. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | Maori | | 08 | Stranding, | | | | + | King, |2476 |December | Brisbane | Partial | None | No default. | + | s.s. | | 1890 | River | | | | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | Orange | | 15 | Stranding, | | | | + | Grove, | 385 |December | Dungeness | Partial | None | No default. | + | barque | | 1890 | | | | | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 18 | Stranding, | | | | + | Fiado, | 985 |December | Brisbane | Partial | None | No default. | + | s.s. | | 1890 | River | | | | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 07 | Dismasting off | | | | + | Sybil, | 150 | January | Double Island | Partial | None | No default. | + | schr. | | 1891 | Point | | | | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | Persever- | | 08 | Foundering 18 | | | Master's | + | ance, | 163 | January | miles from High | Total | None | certificates | + | schr. | | 1891 | Peak Point | | | cancelled. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 08 | Damage to | | | Engineer's | + | Wawoon, | 50 | January | boiler, | Partial | None | certificate | + | s.s. | | 1891 | Fitzroy River | | | suspended 3 months.| + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------| + | | | 05 | Stranding, | | | | + | Kingswear, | 201 |February | Cordelia Rock | Partial | None | Master | + | s.s. | | 1891 | | | | cautioned. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------| + | | | 06 | Stranding, | | | | + | Recorder, | 677 |February | Madge Reef, | Partial | None | No default. | + | s.s. | | 1891 | Normanby Sound | | | | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------| + | | | 21 | Stranding, | | | | + | Moltke, | 827 | May | Flinders | Partial | None | Foreign vessel. | + | barque | | 1891 | Opening | | | No inquiry. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------| + | | | 10 | Collision, | | | | + | Wastwater, |2810 | June | Brisbane | No Loss | None | Master Ranelagh | + | s.s | | 1891 | River | | | cautioned. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------| + | | | 10 | Collision, | | | | + | Ranelagh, | 836 | June | Brisbane | No Loss | None | Master Ranelagh | + | s.s. | | 1891 | River | | | cautioned. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + | | | 15 | Stranding, | | | | + | Anahuac, |1220 | June | reef near | Total | None | Foreign vessel. | + | ship | | 1891 | Bramble Cay | | | No inquiry. | + +------------+-----+---------+-----------------+---------+------+--------------------+ + + + + Harbour Master's Office, + Maryborough, 31st July, 1891. + + + + +SIR,--In accordance with your instructions, I have the honour to submit +the following Report on the Oyster Fisheries of this port, the extreme +limits of which extend from Tin Can Inlet on the south, taking in Wide +Bay, Great Sandy Strait, and Hervey Bay, to the Burrum River on the +north, covering a distance of nearly 100 miles, exclusive of many large +creeks, all containing oyster ground between those limits. + +I commenced marking off these oyster banks in July, 1886. We then had +licenses issued for 72 banks, 18 boats, and 42 men, at a revenue of £398 +for the year ending 30th June, 1886. We now have for the year ending +30th June, 1891, licenses issued for 175 oyster banks, 30 boats, and 53 +men, at a revenue of £942 2s. 6d. [_Vide_ Schedule appended.] + +I hope to have the survey of the different sections in Hervey Bay +completed by the end of the present year, when tracings of plans of same +will be forwarded to you. This would have been finished before, but that +I can only spare a few days in each month from my other duties for the +work. I shall then require to run over the whole district again, as a +considerable quantity of new ground has been taken up in the different +sections since first survey, owing to the heavy falls of spat which have +since taken place, portions of which ground previously never carried an +oyster. During the past year large quantities of spat have fallen on the +oyster banks in Hervey Bay and Great Sandy Strait, some of the banks +being literally covered, thus preventing the shipment of good marketable +oysters, which, if removed in their present state, would cause the +destruction of all the young oysters attached to them. + +Great attention has been paid by the different licensees to the +cultivation of their banks by removing the poor oysters from the high +ridges, after being carefully culled and separated into clumps +containing from three to four oysters, are deposited on the grass flat +and lower ground lying near. Upwards of 4,000 bags have been treated in +this manner with excellent results. + +Over 9,000 bags of marketable oysters, at a rough value of 30s. per bag +(£13,500), have been shipped during the past year by the different +licensees to the various markets of the colonies. Messrs. Leftwich and +Sons alone have sent over 3,500 bags; the Moreton Bay Oyster Company and +Messrs. Perry and Griffin have also shipped large quantities of oysters +for the purpose of cultivating the Moreton Bay banks. + +In conclusion, I am pleased to state that the whole business throughout +is in a flourishing condition and steadily increasing in magnitude, and +I feel confident that the revenue received from this industry for the +following year will reach four figures. + + +FISHERIES. + +There have been large quantities of mullet in this district during the +season which commences when the westerly winds set in, generally about +the end of May and ending about August, when they come close in to the +shore to spawn. Crabs are also plentiful. + +I do not think that a close season is at all necessary at this port, as +there are so few persons engaged in the traffic. + +Licenses have been issued at this port for the year ending 30th June, +1891, to 6 Europeans and 4 Chinese; also 6 boats. + + + I have, &c., + EDWD. J. BOULT, + Inspector of Fisheries. + + The Chairman, Marine Board, Brisbane. + + + +SCHEDULE RESPECTING OYSTER FISHERIES, MARYBOROUGH. + + + Period. Banks. Boats. Men. Revenue. + Year ending June, 1886 72 18 40 398 0 0 + Year ending June, 1887 140 30 70 765 0 0 + Year ending June, 1888 150 40 73 836 0 0 + Year ending June, 1889 167 37 77 923 0 0 + Year ending June, 1890 163 33 51 903 0 0 + Year ending June, 1891 175 31 53 949 2 6 + + +Transfers and Fishing Licenses. £12. + + + + +_Price_ 1_s._ 6_d._ + +By Authority: James C. Beal, Government Printer, William street, +Brisbane. + + +[Illustration: Map of Moreton Bay. Tracing from survey of 1891. +3 & 5 fathom contours in red were those of 1886.] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Report on the Department of Ports and +Harbours for the Year 1890-1981, by Department of Ports and Harbours + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REPORT 1890-1891 *** + +***** This file should be named 24442-0.txt or 24442-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/4/4/24442/ + +Produced by Nick Wall, Brisbane, Australia. <nick0252@live.com.au> + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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