initial commit of ebook 24423HEADmain

1 files changed, 1201 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/24423.txt b/24423.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1987ec2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/24423.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1201 @@
+Project Gutenberg's Fifty years with the Revere Copper Co., by S. T. Snow
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Fifty years with the Revere Copper Co.
+       A Paper Read at the Stockholders' Meeting held on Monday 24 March 1890
+
+Author: S. T. Snow
+
+Release Date: January 25, 2008 [EBook #24423]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REVERE COPPER CO. ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+FIFTY YEARS WITH THE REVERE COPPER CO.
+
+A PAPER READ AT THE STOCKHOLDERS' MEETING HELD ON MONDAY 24 MARCH 1890
+BY ITS TREASURER S. T. SNOW
+
+[Illustration: Seal]
+
+BOSTON
+
+PRESS OF SAMUEL USHER, BOSTON, MASS.
+
+Printed by request, and for use, of the Stockholders.
+
+[Illustration: Revere Copper Co.]
+
+[Illustration: S. T. Snow & signature]
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+
+A Personal Word by way of introduction. My first appearance in the
+Revere Copper Company's office, then at No. 22 Union Street,[1] was on
+Monday morning, March 23, 1840. Saturday night last, therefore,
+completed the full period of fifty uninterrupted years of service.
+
+In the nature of things it cannot be expected that this record will be
+repeated by me, nor can any one else duplicate it for a long time to
+come. There is no other stockholder whose certificate bears an earlier
+date than 1881, and no one in the office has a retrospect of twenty
+years even.[2]
+
+The Company was incorporated and organized in the year 1828. In 1840,
+all the original corporators, or associates, were living. Other
+stockholders from their families were afterwards added, but they all,
+the first associates and the others subsequently admitted, have passed
+away. It follows that, at the present time, there is no other one living
+who has been brought into daily business intercourse with the members of
+this Company from its very beginning.
+
+It would therefore seem to be a very proper and fitting thing for me, on
+so interesting an occasion, to review somewhat the personnel of the
+Company.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] The office and storehouse were removed June 1, 1843, to No. 97 State
+Street; again July 1, 1867, to No. 47 Kilby Street; and still again,
+November 1, 1888, to No. 369 Atlantic Avenue, where they now are. In the
+conflagration of November 9 and 10, 1872, the building Nos. 45 and 47
+Kilby Street was destroyed. During its reconstruction, just one year,
+building No. 113 (later 117) State Street, corner of Broad Street, was
+occupied.
+
+[2] Mr. James Edmiston Brown came into the office February 8, 1873. He
+deserves special mention here for his faithful, efficient, and valuable
+services.
+
+
+
+
+II.
+
+
+Preliminary thereto, however, a brief historical statement should be
+made of the beginnings of the enterprises to which the Company
+succeeded.
+
+[Illustration: Paul Revere & signature]
+
+In January, 1801, Colonel Paul Revere[3] bought the old powder-mill at
+Canton, where during the Revolutionary War, largely by his
+instrumentality and agency, the Colony and State had been supplied with
+powder. He and his son, Mr. Joseph W. Revere, under the firm-name of
+Paul Revere & Son, erected and adapted the buildings necessary for the
+manufacture of copper into sheets and bars.
+
+In the years 1804 and 1805 Mr. J. W. Revere spent considerable time on
+a visit to England and the continent for the purpose of obtaining all
+the information possible in the prosecution of their undertaking.
+
+Colonel Revere claims, in letters written by him at the time, that their
+mill for rolling copper was the first erected in this country.[4] And it
+may be said in passing that the copper trade in England was hardly more
+advanced there than here.
+
+Their business grew slowly, but it made a steady progress until
+substantially established. Colonel Revere died in 1818, but the son, Mr.
+Joseph W. Revere, continued on with the manufactory started at Canton
+until it became a part of the incorporated Company.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Singularly coincident with the events already narrated, Mr. James
+Davis, but five months younger than Mr. Joseph W. Revere, had come to
+Boston from Barnstable, his native town, and acquired here a trade,
+reaching his majority in 1798.
+
+In the very first years of the present century he established himself on
+Union Street as a brass founder. Here he continued, gradually expanding
+the business until the admission of his son, Mr. James Davis, Jr., as a
+partner, January 4, 1828, when the firm-name of James Davis & Son was
+adopted.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+These two enterprises naturally ran along very much together in certain
+respects. For instance, in their trade with shipbuilders, which was an
+important feature with each; while the foundry was turning out
+composition castings required for fastenings, the mill was preparing
+copper in its various forms for use on the same vessel.
+
+It was therefore to be expected that the rapid revival of our mercantile
+marine after the close of the second war, giving to both these firms a
+largely increased trade, would bring them into very intimate relations
+and suggest to them the wisdom of a more permanent union.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Out of these conditions finally grew the incorporated Company, taking
+the family name of its real founder, and known since as the Revere
+Copper Company.
+
+[Illustration: Paul Revere and Son, Boston]
+
+The card on the opposite page is printed from the original copperplate,
+which must have been engraved earlier than the year 1804. In that year
+the foundry described as "at the north part of Boston," which was on
+Lynn Street,[5] was so seriously damaged in a severe gale that it was
+not afterwards repaired nor occupied; its contents and the work done
+there were transferred to the copper-mill at Canton.
+
+The plate is in possession of the present Mr. J. W. Revere, son of the
+late Mr. John Revere, and has been kindly loaned for use here.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[3] He was commissioned by Governor Shirley, February 29, 1756, as
+lieutenant of artillery "for service in the expedition to Crown Point,
+under command of General John Winslow"; by a majority of the Council,
+then at Watertown, April 10, 1776, as major in the regiment commanded by
+Colonel Josiah Whitney, "for service in the defence of Boston Harbor";
+and by the same authority, November 29, 1776, as lieutenant-colonel of
+artillery, "for defence of the State and for the immediate defence of
+the town and harbor of Boston," under command of Colonel Thomas Crafts.
+
+Thereafter he was always known by his neighbors and townspeople as
+"Colonel Revere."
+
+[4] "The Copper Works of the Messrs. Revere are referred to by various
+writers as of Boston; Bishop saying that 'in 1802 the only manufactory
+of sheet copper in the country was that of the Messrs. Revere at
+Boston.' The facts are that while this firm made Boston the headquarters
+of its business the manufactory was at Canton where soon after the war
+$25,000 had been invested in a plant."--The Memorial History of Boston,
+vol. iv, page 81.
+
+[5] In 1800 Lynn Street extended from Winnisimmet Ferry to Charles River
+Bridge. In 1833 it was merged into Commercial Street.
+
+
+
+
+III.
+
+
+The original Charter of this Company was approved by Governor Levi
+Lincoln, June 12, 1828. The corporators named therein were J. W. Revere
+and F. W. Lincoln.
+
+The charter has been amended by approval of Governor George N. Briggs,
+January 29, 1845, and again later by approval of Governor Henry J.
+Gardner, March 9, 1855.
+
+At the first meeting of the corporators held, for organization, at Mr.
+Revere's counting-room, No. 75 Kilby Street, Friday, July 25, 1828, two
+other names were added, and the four stand recorded in the following
+order:--
+
+
+                      JOSEPH W. REVERE.
+                      JAMES DAVIS.
+                      FREDERICK W. LINCOLN.
+                      JAMES DAVIS, JR.
+
+
+These accordingly, although not enumerated in the original Act, have
+always been spoken of as the corporators or original associates.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The office of the Revere Copper Company in 1840, as shown in the
+frontispiece hereto, occupied so much of the building on Union Street as
+had previously been devoted by Mr. Davis to a shop, wherein were
+displayed the wares kept by him for sale, and still earlier had been
+used by Mr. Gay for the same purpose.
+
+
+
+
+IV.
+
+
+Joseph Warren Revere, so named for General Joseph Warren who was killed
+at the battle of Bunker Hill, and with whom his father, Colonel Revere,
+had been intimately associated in the uprising of the colonies, was the
+third son of Paul and Rachel (Walker) Revere.
+
+[Illustration: Joseph W. Revere & signature]
+
+He was born at his father's house in North Square, Boston, April 30,
+1777. His father was absent at the time in the interest of the colony,
+and was so constantly occupied in public affairs that he did not return
+to take up again a permanent residence with his family until the son was
+about three years old.
+
+The son, in 1801, became a partner in business with his father, and so
+continued until his father's death in 1818. His mother died June 19,
+1813.
+
+He was a Director and the first President of the Company, and continued
+to fill these offices until his death, which took place at his summer
+home in Canton, after a somewhat lingering illness, October 12, 1868.
+
+Mr. Revere grew up, and was deeply impressed with the stirring events of
+the Revolutionary War; the settlements following peace; the adoption of
+the Federal Constitution; the administrations of Washington and Adams,
+and the final formation of parties which led to the defeat of Adams for
+a second term and the election of Jefferson. It is not strange,
+therefore, that he was a consistent Federalist, and subsequently
+belonged to the old Whig party; that he venerated the worthies of the
+republic, Washington, Franklin, and Lafayette, of national renown;
+Josiah Quincy, Sam. Adams, and others of the State; and was an admirer
+of those who, like Clay and Webster, continued in later years to labor
+with the same devotion to the good and glory of a newborn and rising
+nation.
+
+His whole character seemed to have been formed of soberer and more
+profound elements than in after years were generally recognized as
+constituting the prevailing types.
+
+Mr. Revere was one of the original members of the Boston Light Infantry,
+whose first parade took place October 18, 1798, under command of Captain
+Daniel Sargent; and was the last survivor of the original membership.[6]
+
+His patriotism, inherited from a distinguished father, was pronounced,
+and remained unshaken at the advanced age of nearly four-score years and
+ten, through the terrible ordeal of parting with two sons killed, one
+at Antietam and the other at Gettysburg, while contending for the
+existence of a government their grandfather had exerted himself so
+grandly in the struggle to establish.
+
+Devoted and affectionate in his domestic relations; thorough, prudent,
+and sagacious in business; impatient with meanness and strong in his
+resentment of wrong; kind and considerate to those deserving his
+confidence; courtly in bearing, while genial and sunny in his familiar
+intercourse, he has left for us all a very precious memory. Every
+recollection of him is simply delightful.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[6] From an unpublished History of the Boston Light Infantry. By William
+W. Clapp, Esq.
+
+
+
+
+V.
+
+
+James Davis was the second son of James and Reliance (Cobb) Davis, and
+was born in Barnstable September 28, 1777.
+
+[Illustration: James Davis & signature]
+
+He was a descendant of Robert Davis, who was living in Yarmouth in the
+year 1643, removing thence to Barnstable in 1650, where he died in 1693
+at the age of seventy-one. Of him it is said that "he was not a man of
+wealth, nor distinguished in political life," but "his character for
+honesty and industry he transmitted to his posterity."[7]
+
+Mr. James Davis, the subject of this sketch, was the third in descent of
+that name.
+
+At the age of fourteen he was bound an apprentice to a Mr. Crocker,--who
+was also originally from Barnstable,--a pewterer, carrying on
+business at the "South End" in Boston, not far from where stood the
+mansion house of the late Mr. John D. Williams. Shortly after the
+apprenticeship of Mr. Davis began, Mr. Crocker secured the services of a
+Hessian,--supposed to be a deserter from the British army,--who
+understood and communicated the art of making castings of brass and
+copper. From this time and from this beginning, as Mr. Davis firmly
+believed, ships built in New England were fastened with bolts, spikes,
+etc., made of _composition_ instead of iron as had formerly been the
+invariable practice. Mr. Crocker was a man of somewhat irregular habits,
+and not infrequently severe in his treatment of the apprentices, of
+whom, as was then quite a common custom, he always had several. At this
+time it happened that they all revolted and left him, save Mr. Davis,
+the youngest of the number. He remained alone to the end of his term,
+faithfully complying with every condition of his indenture.
+
+In 1800 Mr. Davis, then twenty-three years of age, hired a shop on Union
+Street, and started in business for himself as a brass founder. He was
+in some way connected with Martin Gay, a proscribed and banished
+royalist of the American Revolution and an absentee from 1776 to
+1792.[8] On the return of Mr. Gay in the last-named year he resumed his
+trade, of a coppersmith probably, on the property in Union Street, which
+had meanwhile been held and occupied by his wife Ruth, and whose dower
+therein had been set off to her by the Probate Court. Mr. Gay is
+thereafter denominated a founder, a designation it is thought he may
+have derived from his employment of, or association with, Mr. Davis. Mr.
+Gay subsequently proposed to Mr. Davis to sell to him the business, and
+further to aid him with such pecuniary assistance as he might require in
+its prosecution. This proposition was finally accepted, but not without
+some considerable hesitation on the part of Mr. Davis, as he had no
+security to offer for the indebtedness involved. No security was
+required, nor was any ever given, but the transaction was fully
+completed by a transfer, and by its ultimate payment without default. In
+1807 the remainder of Mr. Gay's original interest in the real estate was
+conveyed by commissioners, under a special Act of the Legislature, to
+his wife, who had never swerved from her loyalty to the newly formed
+government. After Mr. Gay's death, in 1809, Mr. Davis bought the estate
+from the widow, and the property, as enlarged by several subsequent
+purchases, still remains in possession of his heirs.[9]
+
+He occupied the entire premises with his foundry, shop, and residence,
+for many years; associated with himself his son, Mr. James Davis, Jr.,
+as a partner, January 4, 1828, and finally merged the business into the
+Revere Copper Company, as already stated.
+
+Upon the organization of the Company he was elected Treasurer, and held
+that office until January 22, 1843. He was also a Director until his
+death, which took place very suddenly at his house on Tremont Street,
+Boston, April 25, 1862.
+
+He was persistently industrious, thrifty, and scrupulously upright in
+every transaction,--qualities transmitted to him from his ancestor
+Robert,--and generous withal to every proper claim upon him. He gloried
+in his early struggles to overcome adverse conditions, and was
+gratified to be numbered with those from his native town who had
+achieved honorable distinction in the various activities of life.
+
+There was a ruggedness and sharpness of vigor about him which was lost
+sight of as he ripened and mellowed in a conspicuous manner under the
+influences of ampler means and advancing years. The simple tastes and
+quiet ways of his boyhood home were however to the end more attractive
+and satisfactory to him than the demands and restraints of an
+increasingly artificial life.
+
+That he was wise and farsighted is abundantly shown by the fact that all
+his real estate investments are held intact to this day by his heirs.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[7] From "Notes of Barnstable Families," lately published by Mr. F. B.
+Goss.
+
+[8] Sabine's "Loyalists of the American Revolution," 1864, vol. i, page
+466.
+
+Martin Gay was a son of the Rev. Ebenezer Gay, pastor of the First
+Church in Hingham for the remarkably long period of sixty-eight years,
+nine months, and seventeen days. See "History of the Town of Hingham,"
+by Solomon Lincoln, Jr., 1827, pages 26-30.
+
+Captain Martin Gay was one of the firewards elected at the town meeting,
+March 13, 1769.--Drake's History of Boston, page 756.
+
+[9] The foregoing is taken largely from Mr. Joseph T. Buckingham's
+Letter, No. XVII, in The Saturday Evening Gazette of May 21, 1859. It is
+understood that the facts contained therein were obtained by him
+directly from Mr. Davis.
+
+
+
+
+VI.
+
+
+Frederick Walker Lincoln was the son of Amos and Deborah (Revere)
+Lincoln, and was born in Boston June 12, 1796.
+
+[Illustration: F. W. Lincoln & signature]
+
+His father was a descendant of Samuel Lincoln, who came to Salem from
+Norwich,[10] England, in 1637, subsequently removing to Hingham. The
+father was a conspicuous leader in the destruction of tea from British
+ships in Boston Harbor, and was captain of an artillery company in the
+Revolutionary War. He was constantly associated with Colonel Paul
+Revere, and between them there always existed the most cordial relations
+and the utmost confidence.
+
+His mother was the eldest daughter of Colonel Revere.
+
+Upon his mother's death, in April, 1797, Mr. Lincoln, as an infant, was
+taken into his grandfather Revere's family, where he remained until the
+grandfather died, in 1818.
+
+He received his business education with the firm of Paul Revere & Son,
+continuing with the son, Mr. J. W. Revere, after the father's death. At
+one time he was in Philadelphia for a year or two adjusting the affairs
+of their agency, which under a previous management had fallen into some
+disorder.
+
+He was married to Miss Amelia Howard, of Boston, in August, 1819. She
+survived him, dying there March 25, 1874.
+
+Upon the organization of the Company he was placed in charge of the
+works, as resident agent, at Canton. He retired from that position
+September 11, 1858; was elected President, succeeding his uncle, Mr. J.
+W. Revere, January 4, 1869, and died at his home in Boston, January 10,
+1871, leaving no children.
+
+He visited England in 1843, being absent from home on the trip only
+about three months.
+
+Unambitious and passionately fond of his home, he was seldom away from
+it, and accordingly led an extremely quiet and uneventful life.
+
+He was public-spirited, taking a lively interest in town and county
+affairs; was for a time President of the Neponset Bank, and also
+President of the Stoughton Branch Railroad Company. He was fond of
+outdoor and military life; was a member of the Boston Hussars, a
+somewhat famous corps, under the command of Hon. Josiah Quincy, and
+later a member of the Boston Cadets. He was an aide on the staff of
+Governor Gardner, and subsequently senior aide on the staff of Governor
+Washburn.
+
+Patriotic and conservative in politics, he naturally allied himself with
+the Whig party, upon the dissolution of which, and during the last war,
+he was a staunch Republican.
+
+Moderate in his views, unaggressive in his plans, and absolutely without
+display, he provoked no antagonisms. Genial in disposition, quick and
+ready with his sympathy, and always a cheerful helper, he attached his
+neighbors and associates to him very warmly. He was popular not only
+with men of his own generation, but with a class somewhat younger than
+himself, and his memory is still cherished by many of them.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[10] From a Genealogical Memorandum in possession of Hon. F. W. Lincoln.
+
+Cushing's MSS., however, quoted by Mr. Solomon Lincoln, Jr., in his
+"History of Hingham," has the following record: "1637. John Tower and
+Samuel Lincoln came from old Hingham, and both settled at new Hingham;
+Samuel Lincoln living some time at Salem."
+
+
+
+
+VII.
+
+
+James Davis, Jr., eldest son of the James already sketched, and Hannah
+(Ingols) Davis, was born in his father's house No. 15 Prince Street,
+Boston, April 23, 1806, and was the fourth in descent of that name.
+
+[Illustration: J Davis Jr. & signature]
+
+He received his education partly in the public schools of Boston, and
+subsequently as a private pupil residing in the family of his teacher,
+the Rev. Joseph Richardson, for many years Pastor of the First Church in
+Hingham. He is spoken of as "a quietly behaved and rather sedate boy" by
+a gentleman now living who remembers him at the time.[11]
+
+His business career began in the office of Messrs. Josiah Bradlee & Co.,
+then on India Street. Graduating therefrom in the year 1827, he was
+shortly after admitted to partnership with his father, under the
+firm-name of James Davis & Son.
+
+Immediately upon the organization of the Company, he was appointed the
+agent in Boston. He was elected Treasurer January 22, 1843, and
+continued to fill this latter office until his retirement from active
+business, February 27, 1872. During all this time,--from 1828 to
+1872,--covering a period of forty-four years, he managed the affairs of
+the Company with untiring energy and consummate skill. Upon the death of
+Mr. Lincoln he was made President, filling that position until his own
+death, May 28, 1881.
+
+He was never married and the family name, in this branch, became extinct
+upon his death.
+
+He visited England for the first time in 1835, and subsequently made
+several trips abroad, traveling considerably, on one occasion making an
+excursion up the Nile.
+
+He accumulated quite a large general library; read and observed
+intelligently, and was well informed on the current topics of the time.
+
+Having a strong, imperious will, he could with difficulty brook any
+opposition; but his intentions were just and his impulses generous.
+Exact and exacting, demanding, however, no more of others than he
+required of himself; energetic, enterprising, sagacious, and bold, his
+ability and his high standing as an accomplished merchant were indicated
+by his success, and were readily recognized by the community in which
+his work was done. His character for integrity and honorable dealing
+secured to him the esteem of those having any transactions with him.
+
+It is cheerfully and gratefully acknowledged that whatever there may be
+of real value in the present management of the Company is very largely
+due to his careful and practical teaching and the decided impress upon
+it of his wise, able, and successful administration.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[11] Luther Stephenson, Esq., in his eighty-sixth year, residing with
+his son General Luther Stephenson, Jr., Governor of the Soldiers' Home
+at Togus, Maine.
+
+
+
+
+VIII.
+
+
+John Revere was the eldest son of Joseph W. and Mary (Robbins) Revere,
+and was born while his parents were living at No. 7 Federal Street,
+Boston, March 31, 1822.
+
+[Illustration: Jn Revere & signature]
+
+He attended the public schools in Boston, and for a time Mr. Thayer's
+school in Milton, which meanwhile was removed to Jamaica Plain; was
+fitted for college in the Boston Latin School under Master Dillaway;
+entered Harvard College and graduated therefrom in the class of 1841.
+
+Immediately after his graduation he entered the office of Messrs. A. &
+C. Cunningham, on Rowe's Wharf, where he remained until April, 1843,
+when he went out to Cronstadt in the brig Kazan, Captain Leckie. After
+leaving the brig on her arrival out, he traveled abroad until
+December of that year. Mr. Lincoln, whose visit to England has already
+been mentioned, met Mr. Revere in London during his stay there.
+
+He was admitted to the business during the following year, acquiring
+stock which was transferred to him January 11, 1845, and was elected
+clerk of the Corporation on the same day. He was made acting agent in
+Boston January 17, 1846; assumed charge of the mills at Canton on the
+retirement of Mr. Lincoln, September 11, 1858; was elected Treasurer
+July 1, 1872, and finally chosen President, July 5, 1881, remaining in
+this last position until his death.
+
+Amiable, tender, and sensitive to a very extraordinary degree, he was
+constantly sacrificing himself for others. He would rather at any time
+suffer himself than run any risk of disappointing or inconveniencing
+another. This course unfortunately prepared for him burdens and
+complications that ultimately troubled and worried him a good deal.
+
+Every instinct of his nature was upright. He was absolutely incapable of
+a mercenary thought or purpose.
+
+In many ways he was certainly unsuited for a business life. He had no
+love for it. It was a competition and struggle for preferment, place, or
+gain--a selfish strife--utterly distasteful to him. He had a fondness
+for literature, read understandingly, possessed an uncommon memory, and
+had the faculty of expressing himself in writing with unusual felicity,
+indicating perhaps the path wherein he might have been eminently
+successful. His own preferences were, however, never permitted by him to
+weigh against the plans or wishes of his father.
+
+It seemed to be impossible for him to turn away unaided an applicant for
+assistance, especially if a soldier, or belonging to a soldier's
+family. The presence of his two brothers in the army; their active work
+and death, naturally attracted and interested him in all the events and
+participants of the war. His interest in everything that pertained to
+the Rebellion was never in the least abated, and he was distinguished
+for his intimate and exact knowledge of the formation, positions, and
+movements of the army.
+
+Never conspicuous for his physical vigor, he finally fell into a
+decline, resulting, after a weary and wearing illness of nearly two
+years, in his death, which took place at his home in Canton, July 26,
+1886.[12]
+
+It was my fortune to be associated with him for a period of more than
+forty years in relations that naturally ripened into an intimacy of the
+most cordial confidence; and it is now a gratification to me to cherish
+the recollection of his many excellent qualities, and to do what I may
+by an honest loyalty to guard and preserve his memory.
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[12] Two of Mr. Revere's sons are actively engaged with the Company--Mr.
+William Bacon Revere, in charge at Canton, and Mr. Edward Hutchinson
+Robbins Revere, in the Boston office.
+
+
+
+
+IX.
+
+
+Frederick William Davis, brother of the foregoing James Davis, Jr., was
+the third son and youngest child of James and Hannah (Ingols) Davis, and
+was born while the family resided at No. 19 (afterward 23) Union Street,
+Boston, April 10, 1824.
+
+[Illustration: Fred W. Davis & signature]
+
+He attended for some time the public schools of Boston, completing his
+education in Mr. Greene's school at Jamaica Plain.
+
+Entering the office of Messrs. Philo S. Shelton & Co., on India Wharf,
+some time in the early part of 1840, where he remained for about two
+years.
+
+He withdrew from his position there to obtain a knowledge of mineralogy
+and chemistry under the careful and thorough teaching of the late Dr.
+Charles T. Jackson, accompanying him in his exploration of 1844 on Lake
+Superior.
+
+He came into the Company after the establishment of the smelting-works
+at Point Shirley, having some shares transferred to him December 31,
+1850; was the resident agent there, continuing such until his death,
+from typhoid fever, December 11, 1854.
+
+He took very high rank as an analytical chemist; was devoted,
+industrious, and able in the department assigned to him. He is spoken of
+in a published description of the Point Shirley works as of "great
+ability, and in his day having few equals and certainly no
+superior."[13]
+
+Unselfish and generous, he was a warm and steadfast friend. On any
+occasion for it his helpfulness was ungrudging and unstinted,
+regardless alike of cost or exertion.
+
+His early death prematurely closed a career which under circumstances
+wisely improved might have been an extremely brilliant one.
+
+Those who knew him most familiarly still remember his cheery, cordial
+greeting, and his hearty response to their sincere regard for him.
+
+The following obituary notice of him was written by Dr. Jackson.[14]
+
+"We have to record the death of one of our excellent practical chemists
+and metallurgists, Frederick W. Davis, of Boston, who died at his
+father's house, of typhoid fever, on the 12th of December last, at the
+age of thirty-one years. Mr. Davis received a good education at the
+school of Mr. Greene, of Jamaica Plains, in Roxbury, and was then
+placed under the scientific instruction of Dr. Charles T. Jackson, in
+whose laboratory he pursued his studies with great diligence and
+success, for three years.
+
+"In 1844 he accompanied Dr. Jackson in his early explorations of the
+copper regions of Lake Superior, and distinguished himself as an active
+and faithful explorer of the mineral district on Keweenaw Point. In 1847
+he was appointed by the Revere Copper Company as Superintendent of their
+copper-smelting furnaces at Point Shirley, which he conducted with
+signal ability from that time until he was seized with the fever of
+which he died. While attending to the active and complicated business of
+the copper-works, making all the assays of ores, fluxes, furnace slags,
+and of the crude copper produced, he found time to make many interesting
+and important metallurgical researches, and many scientific observations
+and experiments on the formation of artificial minerals, both in the
+furnace and in the roasting heaps of copper ores. He produced a new
+mineral, composed of the sulphurets of zinc and copper, which was found
+in brilliant black crystals in the roasted ores. He pointed out several
+new forms of crystals in the slags from his blast furnaces, and he also
+beautifully illustrated the theory of the formation of native copper
+from the vaporized chloride of copper, while working the Atacamite of
+Peru.
+
+"The most important of his labors were of an eminently practical nature,
+such as discovering the best and most economical methods of mixing the
+various copper ores of commerce, so as to make one ore flux another, and
+thus to obtain the largest yield of metal at the least expense.
+
+"Science and the arts have met with a great loss in the death of this
+young metallurgist, whose labors were calculated to render efficient
+services to mankind and to raise the business of the working furnace to
+the rank of a truly chemical art and science.
+
+"His numerous friends and acquaintances well knew his worth as a man and
+a friend; always generous, considerate, and kind, and never wanting in
+public spirit when occasion called him out, he was both respected and
+beloved by all who knew him."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[13] See an article by T. Egleston, PH.D., in "The Book of Mines," vol.
+vii, No. 4, July, 1886.
+
+[14] The American Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xix, page 448.
+
+
+
+
+X.
+
+
+Henry Winsor was the eldest son of Thomas and Welthia (Sprague) Winsor,
+and was born in Duxbury, Mass., December 31, 1803.
+
+[Illustration: Henry Winsor & signature]
+
+He began his business education in the office of Mr. Joseph Ballister,
+on Central Wharf, in Boston, at the age of sixteen; subsequently taking
+a position in his father's office, with whom his uncles, Phineas and
+Seth Sprague, became associated, where he remained until his father's
+death, in 1832.
+
+On the twenty-ninth of May, in that year, he was married to Miss Mary
+Ann Davis, the eldest daughter of Mr. James Davis, here-inbefore
+sketched.[15] She was born in Boston, December 3, 1808, and died there,
+from an accident, September 27, 1881.
+
+A business venture on his own account resulted disastrously from certain
+operations during the Eastern land speculation of 1835, into which he
+was drawn.
+
+Still later he was, by appointment of the Court, employed as assignee in
+the settlement of estates under the National Bankrupt Act of 1841; then
+became a member of the firm of Phineas Sprague & Co., until, in 1852, he
+removed to Philadelphia to take charge of a steamship line about to be
+established.
+
+This line, under his wise, careful, and energetic management, proved a
+complete success. Beginning with two steamers of five hundred tons each,
+it has been gradually expanded until it has now a fleet of seven
+steamers, aggregating nine thousand tons, running from Philadelphia to
+Boston, to Providence, and to Fall River. It was incorporated in 1872
+as the Boston and Philadelphia Steamship Company, of which Mr. Winsor
+was president from that time until his death.
+
+His business capacity and sterling integrity were soon recognized in
+Philadelphia, where he became prominent in every effort to advance the
+public good. The confidence reposed in him was indicated by the numerous
+positions of trust to which he was invited--as a member, and for many
+years president, of the Harbor Commission; a vice-president of the Board
+of Trade; a director of the Bank of North America, of the Insurance
+Company of North America, of several coal and iron mining companies, and
+a manager of the Western Savings Fund Association. He was also a member
+of the Centennial Board of Finance, to whose labors much of the success
+of that great exposition was due. In all these he did his full portion
+of the work, bringing to it his sound judgment and his matured wisdom.
+
+He indulged to some extent his taste for writing. Some of his sketches
+were published in _Littell's Living Age_. He printed more than one
+volume. They are now all out of print, however, excepting "Montrose and
+other Biographical Sketches," issued anonymously from the press of Soule
+& Williams, in Boston, 1861. A number of incomplete discussions on
+financial and economic subjects were found among his papers. A critic
+writes that "he exhibited much grace of style, elegance of diction, and
+erudite knowledge."
+
+One who had known him for a long time in connection with some of his
+public trusts, says:[16] "He was tenacious of his opinions, and they
+were always formed after thought. He was not easily shaken in his views,
+but a more just man never lived, and if convinced he was in the wrong he
+instantly gave way. Never swerved by personal preference, he did his
+own thinking and arrived at his own conclusions."
+
+This, however, was a description of him away from his home. Those who
+knew him more intimately, socially, and in his family, received a
+warmer, more tender, and loving impression of him. His disposition was
+so sweet,--no other word will express it as well,--his temperament so
+equable, that the perplexities of business and the trials of life, of
+both which he had a full share, neither disheartened nor soured him in
+the least. He bore misfortunes and suffering without a murmur. A mistake
+affecting him, if frankly acknowledged, would pass without reproof, and
+the error would be readily condoned; but any deception or
+dishonesty--the abuse of his confidence--moved his indignation
+intensely.
+
+The following is extracted from our own records:--
+
+"He became interested in the business of this Company by a transfer of
+shares October 17, 1881.
+
+"Upon the death of Mr. John Revere he was chosen Director and President,
+which offices he continued to fill until his death.
+
+"He never failed to give the active managers of the business the benefit
+of his large experience and his exceptionally sound judgment. His
+convictions were positive, frankly expressed, and without the least
+concealment, but never in the manner of factious criticism. His generous
+and kindly encouragement, his philosophic estimate of the value of
+mistakes and misfortunes, were always a support and incentive.
+
+"Until his final sickness his mental powers remained unabated; and he
+never ceased to give his hearty endorsement to every effort made for the
+advancement of the business, the good name and stability of the Company.
+
+"His cheerful and inspiring presence, which made his visits here so
+extremely enjoyable, will be seriously and for a long time sadly
+missed."
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[15] The ceremony was performed by Ralph Waldo Emerson, then pastor of
+the Second Church, in Boston.
+
+[16] Mr. William R. Tucker, Secretary of the Board of Trade in
+Philadelphia.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Fifty years with the Revere Copper Co., by 
+S. T. Snow
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK REVERE COPPER CO. ***
+
+***** This file should be named 24423.txt or 24423.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/2/4/4/2/24423/
+
+Produced by Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, is critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.