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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of The New Atlantis, by Frances Bacon
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: The New Atlantis
+
+Author: Frances Bacon
+
+Posting Date: October 23, 2008 [EBook #2434]
+Release Date: December 2000
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEW ATLANTIS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Michael Pullen and William Fishburne. HTML
+version by Al Haines.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+THE NEW ATLANTIS
+
+
+BY
+
+SIR FRANCIS BACON
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY NOTE
+
+Bacon's literary executor, Dr. Rowley, published "The New Atlantis" in
+1627, the year after the author's death.  It seems to have been written
+about 1623, during that period of literary activity which followed
+Bacon's political fall.  None of Bacon's writings gives in short apace
+so vivid a picture of his tastes and aspirations as this fragment of
+the plan of an ideal commonwealth.  The generosity and enlightenment,
+the dignity and splendor, the piety and public spirit, of the
+inhabitants of Bensalem represent the ideal qualities which Bacon the
+statesman desired rather than hoped to see characteristic of his own
+country; and in Solomon's House we have Bacon the scientist indulging
+without restriction his prophetic vision of the future of human
+knowledge.  No reader acquainted in any degree with the processes and
+results of modern scientific inquiry can fail to be struck by the
+numerous approximations made by Bacon's imagination to the actual
+achievements of modern times.  The plan and organization of his great
+college lay down the main lines of the modern research university; and
+both in pure and applied science he anticipates a strikingly large
+number of recent inventions and discoveries.  In still another way is
+"The New Atlantis" typical of Bacon's attitude. In spite of the
+enthusiastic and broad-minded schemes he laid down for the pursuit of
+truth, Bacon always had an eye to utility.  The advancement of science
+which he sought was conceived by him as a means to a practical end the
+increase of man's control over nature, and the comfort and convenience
+of humanity.  For pure metaphysics, or any form of abstract thinking
+that yielded no "fruit," he had little interest; and this leaning to
+the useful is shown in the practical applications of the discoveries
+made by the scholars of Solomon's House.  Nor does the interest of the
+work stop here.  It contains much, both in its political and in its
+scientific ideals, that we have as yet by no means achieved, but which
+contain valuable elements of suggestion and stimulus for the future.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE NEW ATLANTIS
+
+We sailed from Peru, (where we had continued for the space of one whole
+year) for China and Japan, by the South Sea; taking with us victuals
+for twelve months; and had good winds from the east, though soft and
+weak, for five months space, and more.  But the wind came about, and
+settled in the west for many days, so as we could make little or no
+way, and were sometime in purpose to turn back.  But then again there
+arose strong and great winds from the south, with a point east, which
+carried us up (for all that we could do) towards the north; by which
+time our victuals failed us, though we had made good spare of them.  So
+that finding ourselves, in the midst of the greatest wilderness of
+waters in the world, without victuals, we gave ourselves for lost men
+and prepared for death.  Yet we did lift up our hearts and voices to
+God above, who showeth his wonders in the deep, beseeching him of his
+mercy, that as in the beginning he discovered the face of the deep, and
+brought forth dry land, so he would now discover land to us, that we
+might not perish.
+
+And it came to pass that the next day about evening we saw within a
+kenning before us, towards the north, as it were thick clouds, which
+did put us in some hope of land; knowing how that part of the South Sea
+was utterly unknown; and might have islands, or continents, that
+hitherto were not come to light.  Wherefore we bent our course thither,
+where we saw the appearance of land, all that night; and in the dawning
+of the next day, we might plainly discern that it was a land; flat to
+our sight, and full of boscage; which made it show the more dark.  And
+after an hour and a half's sailing, we entered into a good haven, being
+the port of a fair city; not great indeed, but well built, and that
+gave a pleasant view from the sea: and we thinking every minute long,
+till we were on land, came close to the shore, and offered to land.
+But straightways we saw divers of the people, with bastons in their
+hands (as it were) forbidding us to land; yet without any cries of
+fierceness, but only as warning us off, by signs that they made.
+Whereupon being not a little discomforted, we were advising with
+ourselves, what we should do.
+
+During which time, there made forth to us a small boat, with about
+eight persons in it; whereof one of them had in his hand a tipstaff of
+a yellow cane, tipped at both ends with blue, who came aboard our ship,
+without any show of distrust at all.  And when he saw one of our
+number, present himself somewhat before the rest, he drew forth a
+little scroll of parchment (somewhat yellower than our parchment, and
+shining like the leaves of writing tables, but otherwise soft and
+flexible,) and delivered it to our foremost man.  In which scroll were
+written in ancient Hebrew, and in ancient Greek, and in good Latin of
+the school, and in Spanish, these words: Land ye not, none of you; and
+provide to be gone from this coast, within sixteen days, except you
+have further time given you.  Meanwhile, if you want fresh water or
+victuals, or help for your sick, or that your ship needeth repairs,
+write down your wants, and you shall have that, which belongeth to
+mercy.  This scroll was signed with a stamp of cherubim: wings, not
+spread, but hanging downwards; and by them a cross.  This being
+delivered, the officer returned, and left only a servant with us to
+receive our answer.
+
+Consulting hereupon amongst ourselves, we were much perplexed.  The
+denial of landing and hasty warning us away troubled us much; on the
+other side, to find that the people had languages, and were so full of
+humanity, did comfort us not a little.  And above all, the sign of the
+cross to that instrument was to us a great rejoicing, and as it were a
+certain presage of good.  Our answer was in the Spanish tongue; that
+for our ship, it was well; for we had rather met with calms and
+contrary winds than any tempests.  For our sick, they were many, and in
+very ill case; so that if they were not permitted to land, they ran
+danger of their lives.  Our other wants we set down in particular;
+adding, That we had some little store of merchandise, which if it
+pleased them to deal for, it might supply our wants, without being
+chargeable unto them.  We offered some reward in pistolets unto the
+servant, and a piece of crimson velvet to be presented to the officer;
+but the servant took them not, nor would scarce look upon them; and so
+left us, and went back in another little boat, which was sent for him.
+
+About three hours after we had dispatched our answer, there came
+towards us a person (as it seemed) of place.  He had on him a gown with
+wide sleeves, of a kind of water chamolet, of an excellent azure
+colour, fair more glossy than ours; his under apparel was green; and so
+was his hat, being in the form of a turban, daintily made, and not so
+huge as the Turkish turbans; and the locks of his hair came down below
+the brims of it.  A reverend man was he to behold.  He came in a boat,
+gilt in some part of it, with four persons more only in that boat; and
+was followed by another boat, wherein were some twenty. When he was
+come within a flightshot of our ship, signs were made to us, that we
+should send forth some to meet him upon the water; which we presently
+did in our ship-boat, sending the principal man amongst us save one,
+and four of our number with him.
+
+When we were come within six yards of their boat, they called to us to
+stay, and not to approach farther; which we did.  And thereupon the
+man, whom I before described, stood up, and with a loud voice, in
+Spanish, asked, "Are ye Christians?"  We answered, "We were;" fearing
+the less, because of the cross we had seen in the subscription.  At
+which answer the said person lifted up his right hand towards Heaven,
+and drew it softly to his mouth (which is the gesture they use, when
+they thank God;) and then said: "If ye will swear (all of you) by the
+merits of the Saviour, that ye are no pirates, nor have shed blood,
+lawfully, nor unlawfully within forty days past, you may have licence
+to come on land."  We said, "We were all ready to take that oath."
+Whereupon one of those that were with him, being (as it seemed) a
+notary, made an entry of this act.  Which done, another of the
+attendants of the great person which was with him in the same boat,
+after his Lord had spoken a little to him, said aloud: "My Lord would
+have you know, that it is not of pride, or greatness, that he cometh
+not aboard your ship; but for that in your answer you declare that you
+have many sick amongst you, he was warned by the Conservator of Health
+of the city that he should keep a distance."  We bowed ourselves
+towards him, and answered, "We were his humble servants; and accounted
+for great honour, and singular humanity towards us, that which was
+already done; but hoped well, that the nature of the sickness of our
+men was not infectious."  So he returned; and a while after came the
+Notary to us aboard our ship; holding in his hand a fruit of that
+country, like an orange, but of color between orange-tawney and
+scarlet; which cast a most excellent odour.  He used it (as it seemeth)
+for a preservative against infection.  He gave us our oath; "By the
+name of Jesus, and his merits:" and after told us, that the next day,
+by six of the Clock, in the Morning, we should be sent to, and brought
+to the Strangers' House, (so he called it,) where we should be
+accommodated of things, both for our whole, and for our sick. So he
+left us; and when we offered him some pistolets, he smiling said, "He
+must not be twice paid for one labour:" meaning (as I take it) that he
+had salary sufficient of the State for his service.  For (as I after
+learned) they call an officer that taketh rewards, "twice paid."
+
+The next morning early, there came to us the same officer that came to
+us at first with his cane, and told us, He came to conduct us to the
+Strangers' House; and that he had prevented the hour, because we might
+have the whole day before us, for our business.  "For," said he, "if
+you will follow my advice, there shall first go with me some few of
+you, and see the place, and how it may be made convenient for you; and
+then you may send for your sick, and the rest of your number, which ye
+will bring on land."  We thanked him, and said, "That this care, which
+he took of desolate strangers, God would reward."  And so six of us
+went on land with him: and when we were on land, he went before us, and
+turned to us, and said, "He was but our servant, and our guide." He led
+us through three fair streets; and all the way we went, there were
+gathered some people on both sides, standing in a row; but in so civil
+a fashion, as if it had been, not to wonder at us, but to welcome us:
+and divers of them, as we passed by them, put their arms a little
+abroad; which is their gesture, when they did bid any welcome.
+
+The Strangers' House is a fair and spacious house, built of brick, of
+somewhat a bluer colour than our brick; and with handsome windows, some
+of glass, some of a kind of cambric oiled.  He brought us first into a
+fair parlour above stairs, and then asked us, "What number of persons
+we were?  And how many sick?"  We answered, "We were in all, (sick and
+whole,) one and fifty persons, whereof our sick were seventeen."  He
+desired us to have patience a little, and to stay till he came back to
+us; which was about an hour after; and then he led us to see the
+chambers which were provided for us, being in number nineteen: they
+having cast it (as it seemeth) that four of those chambers, which were
+better than the rest, might receive four of the principal men of our
+company; and lodge them alone by themselves; and the other fifteen
+chambers were to lodge us two and two together.  The chambers were
+handsome and cheerful chambers, and furnished civilly. Then he led us
+to a long gallery, like a dorture, where he showed us all along the one
+side (for the other side was but wall and window), seventeen cells,
+very neat ones, having partitions of cedar wood. Which gallery and
+cells, being in all forty, many more than we needed, were instituted as
+an infirmary for sick persons.  And he told us withal, that as any of
+our sick waxed well, he might be removed from his cell, to a chamber;
+for which purpose there were set forth ten spare chambers, besides the
+number we spake of before.  This done, he brought us back to the
+parlour, and lifting up his cane a little, (as they do when they give
+any charge or command) said to us, "Ye are to know, that the custom of
+the land requireth, that after this day and to-morrow, (which we give
+you for removing of your people from your ship,) you are to keep within
+doors for three days.  But let it not trouble you, nor do not think
+yourselves restrained, but rather left to your rest and ease.  You
+shall want nothing, and there are six of our people appointed to attend
+you, for any business you may have abroad."  We gave him thanks, with
+all affection and respect, and said, "God surely is manifested in this
+land."  We offered him also twenty pistolets; but he smiled, and only
+said; "What? twice paid!"  And so he left us.
+
+Soon after our dinner was served in; which was right good viands, both
+for bread and treat: better than any collegiate diet, that I have known
+in Europe.  We had also drink of three sorts, all wholesome and good;
+wine of the grape; a drink of grain, such as is with us our ale, but
+more clear: And a kind of cider made of a fruit of that country; a
+wonderful pleasing and refreshing drink.  Besides, there were brought
+in to us, great store of those scarlet oranges, for our sick; which
+(they said) were an assured remedy for sickness taken at sea.  There
+was given us also, a box of small gray, or whitish pills, which they
+wished our sick should take, one of the pills, every night before
+sleep; which (they said) would hasten their recovery.
+
+The next day, after that our trouble of carriage and removing of our
+men and goods out of our ship, was somewhat settled and quiet, I
+thought good to call our company together; and when they were
+assembled, said unto them; "My dear friends, let us know ourselves, and
+how it standeth with us.  We are men cast on land, as Jonas was, out of
+the whale's belly, when we were as buried in the deep: and now we are
+on land, we are but between death and life; for we are beyond, both the
+old world, and the new; and whether ever we shall see Europe, God only
+knoweth.  It is a kind of miracle bath brought us hither: and it must
+be little less, that shall bring us hence.  Therefore in regard of our
+deliverance past, and our danger present, and to come, let us look up
+to God, and every man reform his own ways.  Besides we are come here
+amongst a Christian people, full of piety and humanity: let us not
+bring that confusion of face upon ourselves, as to show our vices, or
+unworthiness before them.  Yet there is more.  For they have by
+commandment, (though in form of courtesy) cloistered us within these
+wall, for three days: who knoweth, whether it be not, to take some
+taste of our manners and conditions?  And if they find them bad, to
+banish us straightways; if good, to give us further time.  For these
+men that they have given us for attendance, may withal have an eye upon
+us.  Therefore for God's love, and as we love the weal of our souls and
+bodies, let us so behave ourselves, as we may be at peace with God, and
+may find grace in the eyes of this people."  Our company with one voice
+thanked me for my good admonition, and promised me to live soberly and
+civilly, and without giving any the least occasion of offence.  So we
+spent our three days joyfully, and without care, in expectation what
+would be done with us, when they were expired. During which time, we
+had every hour joy of the amendment of our sick; who thought themselves
+cast into some divine pool of healing; they mended so kindly, and so
+fast.
+
+The morrow after our three days were past, there came to us a new man,
+that we had not seen before, clothed in blue as the former was, save
+that his turban was white, with a small red cross on the top.  He had
+also a tippet of fine linen.  At his coming in, he did bend to us a
+little, and put his arms abroad.  We of our parts saluted him in a very
+lowly and submissive manner; as looking that from him, we should
+receive sentence of life, or death: he desired to speak with some few
+of us: whereupon six of us only staid, and the rest avoided the room.
+He said, "I am by office governor of this House of Strangers, and by
+vocation I am a Christian priest: and therefore am come to you to offer
+you my service, both as strangers and chiefly as Christians. Some
+things I may tell you, which I think you will not be unwilling to hear.
+The State hath given you license to stay on land, for the space of six
+weeks; and let it not trouble you, if your occasions ask further time,
+for the law in this point is not precise; and I do not doubt, but my
+self shall be able, to obtain for you such further time, as may be
+convenient.  Ye shall also understand, that the Strangers' House is at
+this time rich, and much aforehand; for it hath laid up revenue these
+thirty-seven years; for so long it is since any stranger arrived in
+this part: and therefore take ye no care; the State will defray you all
+the time you stay; neither shall you stay one day the less for that.
+As for any merchandise ye have brought, ye shall be well used, and have
+your return, either in merchandise, or in gold and silver: for to us it
+is all one.  And if you have any other request to make, hide it not.
+For ye shall find we will not make your countenance to fall by the
+answer ye shall receive.  Only this I must tell you, that none of you
+must go above a karan," (that is with them a mile and an half) "from
+the walls of the city, without especial leave."
+
+We answered, after we had looked awhile one upon another, admiring this
+gracious and parent-like usage; "That we could not tell what to say:
+for we wanted words to express our thanks; and his noble free offers
+left us nothing to ask.  It seemed to us, that we had before us a
+picture of our salvation in Heaven; for we that were a while since in
+the jaws of death, were now brought into a place, where we found
+nothing but consolations.  For the commandment laid upon us, we would
+not fail to obey it, though it was impossible but our hearts should be
+enflamed to tread further upon this happy and holy ground."  We added,
+"That our tongues should first cleave to the roofs of our mouths, ere
+we should forget, either his reverend person, or this whole nation, in
+our prayers."  We also most humbly besought him, to accept of us as his
+true servants; by as just a right as ever men on earth were bounden;
+laying and presenting, both our persons, and all we had, at his feet.
+He said; "He was a priest, and looked for a priest's reward; which was
+our brotherly love, and the good of our souls and bodies." So he went
+from us, not without tears of tenderness in his eyes; and left us also
+confused with joy and kindness, saying amongst ourselves; "That we were
+come into a land of angels, which did appear to us daily, and prevent
+us with comforts, which we thought not of, much less expected."
+
+The next day about ten of the clock, the Governor came to us again, and
+after salutations, said familiarly; "That he was come to visit us;" and
+called for a chair, and sat him down: and we, being some ten of us,
+(the rest were of the meaner sort, or else gone abroad,) sat down with
+him, And when we were set, he began thus: "We of this island of
+Bensalem," (for so they call it in their language,) "have this; that by
+means of our solitary situation; and of the laws of secrecy, which we
+have for our travellers, and our rare admission of strangers; we know
+well most part of the habitable world, and are ourselves unknown.
+Therefore because he that knoweth least is fittest to ask questions, it
+is more reason, for the entertainment of the time, that ye ask me
+questions, than that I ask you."
+
+We answered; "That we humbly thanked him that he would give us leave so
+to do: and that we conceived by the taste we had already, that there
+was no worldly thing on earth, more worthy to be known than the state
+of that happy land.  But above all," (we said,) "since that we were met
+from the several ends of the world, and hoped assuredly that we should
+meet one day in the kingdom of Heaven, (for that we were both parts
+Christians,) we desired to know, (in respect that land was so remote,
+and so divided by vast and unknown seas, from the land where our
+Saviour walked on earth,) who was the apostle of that nation, and how
+it was converted to the faith?"  It appeared in his face that he took
+great contentment in this our question: he said; "Ye knit my heart to
+you, by asking this question in the first place; for it sheweth that
+you first seek the kingdom of heaven; and I shall gladly, and briefly,
+satisfy your demand.
+
+"About twenty years after the ascension of our Saviour, it came to
+pass, that there was seen by the people of Renfusa, (a city upon the
+eastern coast of our island,) within night, (the night was cloudy, and
+calm,) as it might be some mile into the sea, a great pillar of light;
+not sharp, but in form of a column, or cylinder, rising from the sea a
+great way up towards heaven; and on the top of it was seen a large
+cross of light, more bright and resplendent than the body of the
+pillar.  Upon which so strange a spectacle, the people of the city
+gathered apace together upon the sands, to wonder; and so after put
+themselves into a number of small boats, to go nearer to this
+marvellous sight.  But when the boats were come within (about) sixty
+yards of the pillar, they found themselves all bound, and could go no
+further; yet so as they might move to go about, but might not approach
+nearer: so as the boats stood all as in a theatre, beholding this light
+as an heavenly sign.  It so fell out, that there was in one of the
+boats one of the wise men, of the society of Salomon's House; which
+house, or college (my good brethren) is the very eye of this kingdom;
+who having awhile attentively and devoutly viewed and contemplated this
+pillar and cross, fell down upon his face; and then raised himself upon
+his knees, and lifting up his hands to heaven, made his prayers in this
+manner.
+
+"'LORD God of heaven and earth, thou hast vouchsafed of thy grace to
+those of our order, to know thy works of Creation, and the secrets of
+them: and to discern (as far as appertaineth to the generations of men)
+between divine miracles, works of nature, works of art, and impostures
+and illusions of all sorts.  I do here acknowledge and testify before
+this people, that the thing which we now see before our eyes is thy
+Finger and a true Miracle.  And forasmuch as we learn in our books that
+thou never workest miracles, but to divine and excellent end, (for the
+laws of nature are thine own laws, and thou exceedest them not but upon
+great cause,) we most humbly beseech thee to prosper this great sign,
+and to give us the interpretation and use of it in mercy; which thou
+dost in some part secretly promise by sending it unto us.'
+
+"When he had made his prayer, he presently found the boat he was in,
+moveable and unbound; whereas all the rest remained still fast; and
+taking that for an assurance of leave to approach, he caused the boat
+to be softly and with silence rowed towards the pillar.  But ere he
+came near it, the pillar and cross of light brake up, and cast itself
+abroad, as it were, into a firmament of many stars; which also vanished
+soon after, and there was nothing left to be seen, but a small ark, or
+chest of cedar, dry, and not wet at all with water, though it swam.
+And in the fore-end of it, which was towards him, grew a small green
+branch of palm; and when the wise man had taken it, with all reverence,
+into his boat, it opened of itself, and there were found in it a Book
+and a Letter; both written in fine parchment, and wrapped in sindons of
+linen.  The Book contained all the canonical books of the Old and New
+Testament, according as you have them; (for we know well what the
+churches with you receive); and the Apocalypse itself, and some other
+books of the New Testament, which were not at that time written, were
+nevertheless in the Book.  And for the Letter, it was in these words:
+
+"'I, Bartholomew, a servant of the Highest, and Apostle of Jesus
+Christ, was warned by an angel that appeareth to me, in a vision of
+glory, that I should commit this ark to the floods of the sea.
+Therefore I do testify and declare unto that people where God shall
+ordain this ark to come to land, that in the same day is come unto them
+salvation and peace and good-will, from the Father, and from the Lord
+Jesus.'
+
+"There was also in both these writings, as well the Book, as the
+Letter, wrought a great miracle, conform to that of the Apostles, in
+the original Gift of Tongues.  For there being at that time in this
+land Hebrews, Persians, and Indians, besides the natives, every one
+read upon the Book, and Letter, as if they had been written in his own
+language.  And thus was this land saved from infidelity (as the
+remainder of the old world was from water) by an ark, through the
+apostolical and miraculous evangelism of Saint Bartholomew."  And here
+he paused, and a messenger came, and called him from us.  So this was
+all that passed in that conference.
+
+The next day, the same governor came again to us, immediately after
+dinner, and excused himself, saying; "That the day before he was called
+from us, somewhat abruptly, but now he would make us amends, and spend
+time with us if we held his company and conference agreeable." We
+answered, "That we held it so agreeable and pleasing to us, as we
+forgot both dangers past and fears to come, for the time we hear him
+speak; and that we thought an hour spent with him, was worth years of
+our former life."  He bowed himself a little to us, and after we were
+set again, he said; "Well, the questions are on your part."
+
+One of our number said, after a little pause; that there was a matter,
+we were no less desirous to know, than fearful to ask, lest we might
+presume too far.  But encouraged by his rare humanity towards us, (that
+could scarce think ourselves strangers, being his vowed and professed
+servants,) we would take the hardiness to propound it: humbly
+beseeching him, if he thought it not fit to be answered, that he would
+pardon it, though he rejected it.  We said; "We well observed those his
+words, which he formerly spake, that this happy island, where we now
+stood, was known to few, and yet knew most of the nations of the world;
+which we found to be true, considering they had the languages of
+Europe, and knew much of our state and business; and yet we in Europe,
+(notwithstanding all the remote discoveries and navigations of this
+last age), never heard of the least inkling or glimpse of this island.
+This we found wonderful strange; for that all nations have
+inter-knowledge one of another, either by voyage into foreign parts, or
+by strangers that come to them: and though the traveller into a foreign
+country, doth commonly know more by the eye, than he that stayeth at
+home can by relation of the traveller; yet both ways suffice to make a
+mutual knowledge, in some degree, on both parts.  But for this island,
+we never heard tell of any ship of theirs that had been seen to arrive
+upon any shore of Europe; nor of either the East or West Indies; nor
+yet of any ship of any other part of the world, that had made return
+from them.  And yet the marvel rested not in this.  For the situation
+of it (as his lordship said) in the secret conclave' of such a vast sea
+might cause it.  But then, that they should have knowledge of the
+languages, books, affairs, of those that lie such a distance from them,
+it was a thing we could not tell what to make of; for that it seemed to
+us a conditioner and propriety of divine powers and beings, to be
+hidden and unseen to others, and yet to have others open and as in a
+light to them."
+
+At this speech the Governor gave a gracious smile, and said; "That we
+did well to ask pardon for this question we now asked: for that it
+imported, as if we thought this land, a land of magicians, that sent
+forth spirits of the air into all parts, to bring them news and
+intelligence of other countries."  It was answered by us all, in all
+possible humbleness, but yet with a countenance taking knowledge, that
+we knew that he spake it but merrily, "That we were apt enough to think
+there was somewhat supernatural in this island; but yet rather as
+angelical than magical.  But to let his lordship know truly what it was
+that made us tender and doubtful to ask this question, it was not any
+such conceit, but because we remembered, he had given a touch in his
+former speech, that this land had laws of secrecy touching strangers."
+To this he said; "You remember it aright and therefore in that I shall
+say to you, I must reserve some particulars, which it is not lawful for
+me to reveal; but there will be enough left, to give you satisfaction."
+
+"You shall understand (that which perhaps you will scarce think
+credible) that about three thousand years ago, or somewhat more, the
+navigation of the world, (especially for remote voyages,) was greater
+than at this day.  Do not think with yourselves, that I know not how
+much it is increased with you, within these six-score years: I know it
+well: and yet I say greater then than now; whether it was, that the
+example of the ark, that saved the remnant of men from the universal
+deluge, gave men confidence to adventure upon the waters; or what it
+was; but such is the truth.  The Phoenicians, and especially the
+Tyrians, had great fleets.  So had the Carthaginians their colony,
+which is yet further west.  Toward the east the shipping of Egypt and
+of Palestine was likewise great.  China also, and the great Atlantis,
+(that you call America,) which have now but junks and canoes, abounded
+then in tall ships.  This island, (as appeareth by faithful registers
+of those times,) had then fifteen hundred strong ships, of great
+content.  Of all this, there is with you sparing memory, or none; but
+we have large knowledge thereof.
+
+"At that time, this land was known and frequented by the ships and
+vessels of all the nations before named.  And (as it cometh to pass)
+they had many times men of other countries, that were no sailors, that
+came with them; as Persians, Chaldeans, Arabians; so as almost all
+nations of might and fame resorted hither; of whom we have some stirps,
+and little tribes with us at this day.  And for our own ships, they
+went sundry voyages, as well to your straits, which you call the
+Pillars of Hercules, as to other parts in the Atlantic and Mediterrane
+Seas; as to Paguin, (which is the same with Cambaline,) and Quinzy,
+upon the Oriental Seas, as far as to the borders of the East Tartary.
+
+"At the same time, and an age after, or more, the inhabitants of the
+great Atlantis did flourish.  For though the narration and description,
+which is made by a great man with you; that the descendants of Neptune
+planted there; and of the magnificent temple, palace, city, and hill;
+and the manifold streams of goodly navigable rivers, (which as so many
+chains environed the same site and temple); and the several degrees of
+ascent, whereby men did climb up to the same, as if it had been a scala
+coeli, be all poetical and fabulous: yet so much is true, that the said
+country of Atlantis, as well that of Peru, then called Coya, as that of
+Mexico, then named Tyrambel, were mighty and proud kingdoms in arms,
+shipping and riches: so mighty, as at one time (or at least within the
+space of ten years) they both made two great expeditions; they of
+Tyrambel through the Atlantic to the Mediterrane Sea; and they of Coya
+through the South Sea upon this our island: and for the former of
+these, which was into Europe, the same author amongst you (as it
+seemeth) had some relation from the Egyptian priest whom he cited.  For
+assuredly such a thing there was.  But whether it were the ancient
+Athenians that had the glory of the repulse and resistance of those
+forces, I can say nothing: but certain it is, there never came back
+either ship or man from that voyage.  Neither had the other voyage of
+those of Coya upon us had better fortune, if they had not met with
+enemies of greater clemency.  For the king of this island, (by name
+Altabin,) a wise man and a great warrior, knowing well both his own
+strength and that of his enemies, handled the matter so, as he cut off
+their land-forces from their ships; and entoiled both their navy and
+their tamp with a greater power than theirs, both by sea and land: arid
+compelled them to render themselves without striking stroke and after
+they were at his mercy, contenting himself only with their oath that
+they should no more bear arms against him, dismissed them all in safety.
+
+"But the divine revenge overtook not long after those proud
+enterprises.  For within less than the space of one hundred years, the
+great Atlantis was utterly lost and destroyed: not by a great
+earthquake, as your man saith; (for that whole tract is little subject
+to earthquakes;) but by a particular' deluge or inundation; those
+countries having, at this day, far greater rivers and far higher
+mountains to pour down waters, than any part of the old world.  But it
+is true that the same inundation was not deep; not past forty foot, in
+most places, from the ground; so that although it destroyed man and
+beast generally, yet some few wild inhabitants of the wood escaped.
+Birds also were saved by flying to the high trees and woods.  For as
+for men, although they had buildings in many places, higher than the
+depth of the water, yet that inundation, though it were shallow, had a
+long continuance; whereby they of the vale that were not drowned,
+perished for want of food and other things necessary.
+
+"So as marvel you not at the thin population of America, nor at the
+rudeness and ignorance of the people; for you must account your
+inhabitants of America as a young people; younger a thousand years, at
+the least, than the rest of the world: for that there was so much time
+between the universal flood and their particular inundation.  For the
+poor remnant of human seed, which remained in their mountains, peopled
+the country again slowly, by little and little; and being simple and
+savage people, (not like Noah and his sons, which was the chief family
+of the earth;) they were not able to leave letters, arts, and civility
+to their posterity; and having likewise in their mountainous
+habitations been used (in respect of the extreme cold of those regions)
+to clothe themselves with the skins of tigers, bears, and great hairy
+goats, that they have in those parts; when after they came down into
+the valley, and found the intolerable heats which are there, and knew
+no means of lighter apparel, they were forced to begin the custom of
+going naked, which continueth at this day.  Only they take great pride
+and delight in the feathers of birds; and this also they took from
+those their ancestors of the mountains, who were invited unto it by the
+infinite flights of birds that came up to the high grounds, while the
+waters stood below.  So you see, by this main accident of time, we lost
+our traffic with the Americans, with whom of, all others, in regard
+they lay nearest to us, we had most commerce.
+
+"As for the other parts of the world, it is most manifest that in the
+ages following (whether it were in respect of wars, or by a natural
+revolution of time,) navigation did every where greatly decay; and
+specially far voyages (the rather by the use of galleys, and such
+vessels as could hardly brook the ocean,) were altogether left and
+omitted.  So then, that part of intercourse which could be from other
+nations to sail to us, you see how it hath long since ceased; except it
+were by some rare accident, as this of yours.  But now of the cessation
+of that other part of intercourse, which might be by our sailing to
+other nations, I must yield you some other cause.  For I cannot say (if
+I shall say truly,) but our shipping, for number, strength, mariners,
+pilots, and all things that appertain to navigation, is as great as
+ever; and therefore why we should sit at home, I shall now give you an
+account by itself: and it will draw nearer to give you satisfaction to
+your principal question.
+
+"There reigned in this land, about nineteen hundred years ago, a king,
+whose memory of all others we most adore; not superstitiously, but as a
+divine instrument, though a mortal man; his name was Solamona: and we
+esteem him as the lawgiver of our nation.  This king had a large heart,
+inscrutable for good; and was wholly bent to make his kingdom and
+people happy.  He therefore, taking into consideration how sufficient
+and substantive this land was to maintain itself without any aid (at
+all) of the foreigner; being five thousand six hundred miles in
+circuit, and of rare fertility of soil in the greatest part thereof;
+and finding also the shipping of this country might be plentifully set
+on work, both by fishing and by transportations from port to port, and
+likewise by sailing unto some small islands that are not far from us,
+and are under the crown and laws of this state; and, recalling into his
+memory the happy and flourishing estate wherein this land then was; so
+as it might be a thousand ways altered to the worse, but scarce any one
+way to the better; thought nothing wanted to his noble and heroical
+intentions, but only (as far as human foresight might reach) to give
+perpetuity to that which was in his time so happily established.
+Therefore amongst his other fundamental laws of this kingdom, he did
+ordain the interdicts and prohibitions which we have touching entrance
+of strangers; which at that time (though it was after the calamity of
+America) was frequent; doubting novelties, and commixture of manners.
+It is true, the like law against the admission of strangers without
+licence is an ancient law in the kingdom of China, and yet continued in
+use.  But there it is a poor thing; and hath made them a curious,
+ignorant, fearful, foolish nation.  But our lawgiver made his law of
+another temper.  For first, he hath preserved all points of humanity,
+in taking order and making provision for the relief of strangers
+distressed; whereof you have tasted."
+
+At which speech (as reason was) we all rose up and bowed ourselves. He
+went on.
+
+"That king also, still desiring to join humanity and policy together;
+and thinking it against humanity, to detain strangers here against
+their wills, and against policy that they should return and discover
+their knowledge of this estate, he took this course: he did ordain that
+of the strangers that should be permitted to land, as many (at all
+times) might depart as would; but as many as would stay should have
+very good conditions and means to live from the state.  Wherein he saw
+so far, that now in so many ages since the prohibition, we have memory
+not of one ship that ever returned, and but of thirteen persons only,
+at several times, that chose to return in our bottoms.  What those few
+that returned may have reported abroad I know not.  But you must think,
+whatsoever they have said could be taken where they came but for a
+dream.  Now for our travelling from henna into parts abroad, our
+Lawgiver thought fit altogether to restrain it.  So is it not in China.
+For the Chinese sail where they will or can; which sheweth that their
+law of keeping out strangers is a law of pusillanimity and fear.  But
+this restraint of ours hath one only exception, which is admirable;
+preserving the good which cometh by communicating with strangers, and
+avoiding the hurt; and I will now open it to you.  And here I shall
+seem a little to digress, but you will by and by find it pertinent.
+
+"Ye shall understand (my dear friends) that amongst the excellent acts
+of that king, one above all hath the pre-eminence.  It was the erection
+and institution of an Order or Society, which we call Salomon's House;
+the noblest foundation (as we think) that ever was upon the earth; and
+the lanthorn of this kingdom.  It is dedicated to the study of the
+works and creatures of God.  Some think it beareth the founder's name a
+little corrupted, as if it should be Solamona's House.  But the records
+write it as it is spoken.  So as I take it to be denominate of the king
+of the Hebrews, which is famous with you, and no stranger to us.  For
+we have some parts of his works, which with you are lost; namely, that
+natural history, which he wrote, of all plants, from the cedar of
+Libanus to the moss that groweth out of the wall, and of all things
+that have life and motion.  This maketh me think that our king, finding
+himself to symbolize in many things with that king of the Hebrews
+(which lived many years before him), honored him with the title of this
+foundation.  And I am rather induced to be of this opinion, for that I
+find in ancient records this Order or Society is sometimes called
+Salomon's House, and sometimes the College of the Six Days Works;
+whereby I am satisfied that our excellent king had learned from the
+Hebrews that God had created the world and all that therein is within
+six days: and therefore he instituting that House for the finding out
+of the true nature of all things, (whereby God might have the more
+glory in the workmanship of them, and insert the more fruit in the use
+of them), did give it also that second name.
+
+"But now to come to our present purpose.  When the king had forbidden
+to all his people navigation into any part that was not under his
+crown, he made nevertheless this ordinance; that every twelve years
+there should be set forth, out of this kingdom two ships, appointed to
+several voyages; That in either of these ships there should be a
+mission of three of the Fellows or Brethren of Salomon's House; whose
+errand was only to give us knowledge of the affairs and state of those
+countries to which they were designed, and especially of the sciences,
+arts, manufactures, and inventions of all the world; and withal to
+bring unto us books, instruments, and patterns in every kind: That the
+ships, after they had landed the brethren, should return; and that the
+brethren should stay abroad till the new mission.  These ships are not
+otherwise fraught, than with store of victuals, and good quantity of
+treasure to remain with the brethren, for the buying of such things and
+rewarding of such persons as they should think fit.  Now for me to tell
+you how the vulgar sort of mariners are contained from being discovered
+at land; and how they that must be put on shore for any time, color
+themselves under the names of other nations; and to what places these
+voyages have been designed; and what places of rendezvous are appointed
+for the new missions; and the like circumstances of the practique; I
+may not do it: neither is it much to your desire.  But thus you see we
+maintain a trade not for gold, silver, or jewels; nor for silks; nor
+for spices; nor any other commodity of matter; but only for God's first
+creature, which was Light: to have light (I say) of the growth of all
+parts of the world."
+
+And when he had said this, he was silent; and so were we all.  For
+indeed we were all astonished to hear so strange things so probably
+told.  And he, perceiving that we were willing to say somewhat but had
+it not ready in great courtesy took us off, and descended to ask us
+questions of our voyage and fortunes and in the end concluded, that we
+might do well to think with ourselves what time of stay we would demand
+of the state; and bade us not to scant ourselves; for he would procure
+such time as we desired: Whereupon we all rose up, and presented
+ourselves to kiss the skirt of his tippet; but he would not suffer us;
+and so took his leave.  But when it came once amongst our people that
+the state used to offer conditions to strangers that would stay, we had
+work enough to get any of our men to look to our ship; and to keep them
+from going presently to the governor to crave conditions.  But with
+much ado we refrained them, till we might agree what course to take.
+
+We took ourselves now for free men, seeing there was no danger of our
+utter perdition; and lived most joyfully, going abroad and seeing what
+was to be seen in the city and places adjacent within our tedder; and
+obtaining acquaintance with many of the city, not of the meanest
+quality; at whose hands we found such humanity, and such a freedom and
+desire to take strangers as it were into their bosom, as was enough to
+make us forget all that was dear to us in our own countries: and
+continually we met with many things right worthy of observation and
+relation: as indeed, if there be a mirror in the world worthy to hold
+men's eyes, it is that country.
+
+One day there were two of our company bidden to a Feast of the Family,
+as they call it.  A most natural, pious, and reverend custom it is,
+shewing that nation to be compounded of all goodness.  This is the
+manner of it.  It is granted to any man that shall live to see thirty
+persons descended of his body alive together, and all above three years
+old, to make this feast which is done at the cost of the state. The
+Father of the Family, whom they call the Tirsan, two days before the
+feast, taketh to him three of such friends as he liketh to choose; and
+is assisted also by the governor of the city or place where the feast
+is celebrated; and all the persons of the family, of both sexes, are
+summoned to attend him.  These two days the Tirsan sitteth in
+consultation concerning the good estate of the family.  There, if there
+be any discord or suits between any of the family, they are compounded
+and appeased.  There, if any of the family be distressed or decayed,
+order is taken for their relief and competent means to live. There, if
+any be subject to vice, or take ill courses, they are reproved and
+censured.  So likewise direction is given touching marriages, and the
+courses of life, which any of them should take, with divers other the
+like orders and advices.  The governor assisteth, to the end to put in
+execution by his public authority the decrees and orders of the Tirsan,
+if they should be disobeyed; though that seldom needeth; such reverence
+and obedience they give to the order of nature.  The Tirsan doth also
+then ever choose one man from among his sons, to live in house with
+him; who is called ever after the Son of the Vine.  The reason will
+hereafter appear.
+
+On the feast day, the father or Tirsan cometh forth after divine
+service into a large room where the feast is celebrated; which room
+hath an half-pace at the upper end.  Against the wall, in the middle of
+the half-pace, is a chair placed for him, with a table and carpet
+before it.  Over the chair is a state, made round or oval, and it is of
+ivy; an ivy somewhat whiter than ours, like the leaf of a silver asp;
+but more shining; for it is green all winter.  And the state is
+curiously wrought with silver and silk of divers colors, broiding or
+binding in the ivy; and is ever of the work of some of the daughters of
+the family; and veiled over at the top with a fine net of silk and
+silver.  But the substance of it is true ivy; whereof, after it is
+taken down, the friends of the family are desirous to have some leaf or
+sprig to keep.
+
+The Tirsan cometh forth with all his generation or linage, the males
+before him, and the females following him; and if there be a mother
+from whose body the whole linage is descended, there is a traverse
+placed in a loft above on the right hand of the chair, with a privy
+door, and a carved window of glass, leaded with gold and blue; where
+she sitteth, but is not seen.  When the Tirsan is come forth, he
+sitteth down in the chair; and all the linage place themselves against
+the wall, both at his back and upon the return of the half-pace, in
+order of their years without difference of sex; and stand upon their
+feet.  When he is set; the room being always full of company, but well
+kept and without disorder; after some pause, there cometh in from the
+lower end of the room, a taratan (which is as much as an herald) and on
+either side of him two young lads; whereof one carrieth a scroll of
+their shining yellow parchment; and the other a cluster of grapes of
+gold, with a long foot or stalk.  The herald and children are clothed
+with mantles of sea-water green satin; but the herald's mantle is
+streamed with gold, and hath a train.
+
+Then the herald with three curtesies, or rather inclinations, cometh up
+as far as the half-pace; and there first taketh into his hand the
+scroll.  This scroll is the king's charter, containing gifts of
+revenew, and many privileges, exemptions, and points of honour, granted
+to the Father of the Family; and is ever styled and directed, To such
+do one our well beloved friend and creditor: which is a title proper
+only to this case.  For they say the king is debtor to no man, but for
+propagation of his subjects.  The seal set to the king's charter is the
+king's image, imbossed or moulded in gold; and though such charters be
+expedited of course, and as of right, yet they are varied by
+discretion, according to the number and dignity of the family.  This
+charter the herald readeth aloud; and while it is read, the father or
+Tirsan standeth up supported by two of his sons, such as he chooseth.
+Then the herald mounteth the half-pace and delivereth the charter into
+his hand: and with that there is an acclamation by all that are present
+in their language, which is thus much: Happy are the people of Bensalem.
+
+Then the herald taketh into his hand from the other child the cluster
+of grapes, which is of gold, both the stalk and the grapes.  But the
+grapes are daintily enamelled; and if the males of the family be the
+greater number, the grapes are enamelled purple, with a little sun set
+on the top; if the females, then they are enamelled into a greenish
+yellow, with a crescent on the top.  The grapes are in number as many
+as there are descendants of the family.  This golden cluster the herald
+delivereth also to the Tirsan; who presently delivereth it over to that
+son that he had formerly chosen to be in house with him: who beareth it
+before his father as an ensign of honour when he goeth in public, ever
+after; and is thereupon called the Son of the Vine.
+
+After the ceremony endeth the father or Tirsan retireth; and after some
+time cometh forth again to dinner, where he sitteth alone under the
+state, as before; and none of his descendants sit with him, of what
+degree or dignity soever, except he hap to be of Salomon's House. He is
+served only by his own children, such as are male; who perform unto him
+all service of the table upon the knee; and the women only stand about
+him, leaning against the wall.  The room below the half-pace hath
+tables on the sides for the guests that are bidden; who are served with
+great and comely order; and towards the end of dinner (which in the
+greatest feasts with them lasteth never above an hour and an half)
+there is an hymn sung, varied according to the invention of him that
+composeth it (for they have excellent posy) but the subject of it is
+(always) the praises of Adam and Noah and Abraham; whereof the former
+two peopled the world, and the last was the Father of the Faithful:
+concluding ever with a thanksgiving for the nativity of our Saviour, in
+whose birth the births of all are only blessed.
+
+Dinner being done, the Tirsan retireth again; and having withdrawn
+himself alone into a place, where he makes some private prayers, he
+cometh forth the third time, to give the blessing with all his
+descendants, who stand about him as at the first.  Then he calleth them
+forth by one and by one, by name, as he pleaseth, though seldom the
+order of age be inverted.  The person that is called (the table being
+before removed) kneeleth down before the chair, and the father layeth
+his hand upon his head, or her head, and giveth the blessing in these
+words: Son of Bensalem, (or daughter of Bensalem,) thy father with it:
+the man by whom thou hast breath and life speaketh the word: the
+blessing of the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace, and the Holy
+Dove, be upon thee, and make the days of thy pilgrimage good and many.
+This he saith to every of them; and that done, if there be any of his
+sons of eminent merit and virtue, (so they be not above two,) he
+calleth for them again; and saith, laying his arm over their shoulders,
+they standing; Sons, it is well ye are born, give God the praise, and
+persevere to the end.  And withall delivereth to either of them a
+jewel, made in the figure of an ear of wheat, which they ever after
+wear in the front of their turban or hat.  This done, they fall to
+music and dances, and other recreations, after their manner, for the
+rest of the day.  This is the full order of that feast.
+
+By that time six or seven days were spent, I was fallen into straight
+acquaintance with a merchant of that city, whose name was Joabin.  He
+was a Jew and circumcised: for they have some few stirps of Jews yet
+remaining among them, whom they leave to their own religion.  Which
+they may the better do, because they are of a far differing disposition
+from the Jews in other parts.  For whereas they hate the name of
+Christ; and have a secret inbred rancour against the people among whom
+they live: these (contrariwise) give unto our Saviour many high
+attributes, and love the nation of Bensalem extremely.  Surely this man
+of whom I speak would ever acknowledge that Christ was born of a virgin
+and that he was more than a man; and he would tell how God made him
+ruler of the seraphims which guard his throne; and they call him also
+the Milken Way, and the Eliah of the Messiah; and many other high
+names; which though they be inferior to his divine majesty, yet they
+are far from the language of other Jews.
+
+And for the country of Bensalem, this man would make no end of
+commending it; being desirous, by tradition among the Jews there, to
+have it believed that the people thereof were of the generations of
+Abraham, by another son, whom they call Nachoran; and that Moses by a
+secret Cabala ordained the Laws of Bensalem which they now use; and
+that when the Messiah should come, and sit in his throne at Hierusalem,
+the king of Bensalem should sit at his feet, whereas other kings should
+keep a great distance.  But yet setting aside these Jewish dreams, the
+man was a wise man, and learned, and of great policy, and excellently
+seen in the laws and customs of that nation.
+
+Amongst other discourses, one day I told him I was much affected with
+the relation I had, from some of the company, of their custom, in
+holding the Feast of the Family; for that (methought) I had never heard
+of a solemnity wherein nature did so much preside.  And because
+propagation of families proceedeth from the nuptial copulation, I
+desired to know of him what laws and customs they had concerning
+marriage; and whether they kept marriage well and whether they were
+tied to one wife; for that where population is so much affected,' and
+such as with them it seemed to be, there is commonly permission of
+plurality of wives.
+
+To this he said, "You have reason for to commend that excellent
+institution of the Feast of the Family.  And indeed we have experience
+that those families that are partakers of the blessing of that feast do
+flourish and prosper ever after in an extraordinary manner.  But hear
+me now, and I will tell you what I know.  You shall understand that
+there is not under the heavens so chaste a nation as this of Bensalem;
+nor so free from all pollution or foulness.  It is the virgin of the
+world.  I remember I have read in one of your European books, of an
+holy hermit amongst you that desired to see the Spirit of Fornication;
+and there appeared to him a little foul ugly Aethiop. But if he had
+desired to see the Spirit of Chastity of Bensalem, it would have
+appeared to him in the likeness of a fair beautiful Cherubim.  For
+there is nothing amongst mortal men more fair and admirable, than the
+chaste minds of this people.  Know therefore, that with them there are
+no stews, no dissolute houses, no courtesans, nor anything of that
+kind.  Nay they wonder (with detestation) at you in Europe, which
+permit such things.  They say ye have put marriage out of office: for
+marriage is ordained a remedy for unlawful concupiscence; and natural
+concupiscence seemeth as a spar to marriage. But when men have at hand
+a remedy more agreeable to their corrupt will, marriage is almost
+expulsed.  And therefore there are with you seen infinite men that
+marry not, but chose rather a libertine and impure single life, than to
+be yoked in marriage; and many that do marry, marry late, when the
+prime and strength of their years is past. And when they do marry, what
+is marriage to them but a very bargain; wherein is sought alliance, or
+portion, or reputation, with some desire (almost indifferent) of issue;
+and not the faithful nuptial union of man and wife, that was first
+instituted.  Neither is it possible that those that have cast away so
+basely so much of their strength, should greatly esteem children,
+(being of the same matter,) as chaste men do.  So likewise during
+marriage, is the case much amended, as it ought to be if those things
+were tolerated only for necessity?  No, but they remain still as a very
+affront to marriage. The haunting of those dissolute places, or resort
+to courtesans, are no more punished in married men than in bachelors.
+And the depraved custom of change, and the delight in meretricious
+embracements, (where sin is turned into art,) maketh marriage a dull
+thing, and a kind of imposition or tax.  They hear you defend these
+things, as done to avoid greater evils; as advoutries, deflowering of
+virgins, unnatural lust, and the like.  But they say this is a
+preposterous wisdom; and they call it Lot's offer, who to save his
+guests from abusing, offered his daughters: nay they say farther that
+there is little gained in this; for that the same vices and appetites
+do still remain and abound; unlawful lust being like a furnace, that if
+you stop the flames altogether, it will quench; but if you give it any
+vent, it will rage. As for masculine love, they have no touch of it;
+and yet there are not so faithful and inviolate friendships in the
+world again as are there; and to speak generally, (as I said before,) I
+have not read of any such chastity, in any people as theirs.  And their
+usual saying is, That whosoever is unchaste cannot reverence himself;
+and they say, That the reverence of a man's self, is, next to religion,
+the chiefest bridle of all vices."
+
+And when he had said this, the good Jew paused a little; whereupon I,
+far more willing to hear him speak on than to speak myself, yet
+thinking it decent that upon his pause of speech I should not be
+altogether silent, said only this; "That I would say to him, as the
+widow of Sarepta said to Elias; that he was come to bring to memory our
+sins; and that I confess the righteousness of Bensalem was greater than
+the righteousness of Europe."  At which speech he bowed his head, and
+went on in this manner:
+
+"They have also many wise and excellent laws touching marriage.  They
+allow no polygamy.  They have ordained that none do intermarry or
+contract, until a month be past from their first interview.  Marriage
+without consent of parents they do not make void, but they mulct it in
+the inheritors: for the children of such marriages are not admitted to
+inherit above a third part of their parents' inheritance.  I have read
+in a book of one of your men, of a Feigned Commonwealth, where the
+married couple are permitted, before they contract, to see one another
+naked.  This they dislike; for they think it a scorn to give a refusal
+after so familiar knowledge: but because of many hidden defects in men
+and women's bodies, they have a more civil way; for they have near
+every town a couple of pools, (which they call Adam and Eve's pools,)
+where it is permitted to one of the friends of the men, and another of
+the friends of the woman, to see them severally bathe naked."
+
+And as we were thus in conference, there came one that seemed to be a
+messenger, in a rich huke, that spake with the Jew: whereupon he turned
+to me and said; "You will pardon me, for I am commanded away in haste."
+The next morning he came to me again, joyful as it seemed, and said;
+"There is word come to the Governor of the city, that one of the
+Fathers of Salomon's House will be here this day seven-night: we have
+seen none of them this dozen years.  His coming is in state; but the
+cause of his coming is secret.  I will provide you and your fellows of
+a good standing to see his entry."  I thanked him, and told him, I was
+most glad of the news.
+
+The day being come, he made his entry.  He was a man of middle stature
+and age, comely of person, and had an aspect as if he pitied men.  He
+was clothed in a robe of fine black cloth, with wide sleeves and a
+cape.  His under garment was of excellent white linen down to the foot,
+girt with a girdle of the same; and a sindon or tippet of the same
+about his neck.  He had gloves, that were curious,'' and set with
+stone; and shoes of peach-coloured velvet.  His neck was bare to the
+shoulders.  His hat was like a helmet, or Spanish montera; and his
+locks curled below it decently: they were of colour brown.  His beard
+was cut round, and of the same colour with his hair, somewhat lighter.
+He was carried in a rich chariot without wheels, litter-wise; with two
+horses at either end, richly trapped in blue velvet embroidered; and
+two footmen on each side in the like attire.  The chariot was all of
+cedar, gilt, and adorned with crystal; save that the fore-end had
+panels of sapphires, set in borders of gold; and the hinder-end the
+like of emeralds of the Peru colour.  There was also a sun of gold,
+radiant, upon the top, in the midst; and on the top before, a small
+cherub of gold, with wings displayed.  The chariot was covered with
+cloth of gold tissued upon blue.  He had before him fifty attendants,
+young men all, in white satin loose coats to the mid leg; and stockings
+of white silk; and shoes of blue velvet; and hats of blue velvet; with
+fine plumes of diverse colours, set round like hat-bands. Next before
+the chariot, went two men, bare-headed, in linen garments down the
+foot, girt, and shoes of blue velvet; who carried, the one a crosier,
+the other a pastoral staff like a sheep-hook; neither of them of metal,
+but the crosier of balm-wood, the pastoral staff of cedar. Horsemen he
+had none, neither before nor behind his chariot: as it seemeth, to
+avoid all tumult and trouble.  Behind his chariot went all the officers
+and principals of the companies of the city.  He sat alone, upon
+cushions of a kind of excellent plush, blue; and under his foot curious
+carpets of silk of diverse colours, like the Persian, but far finer.
+He held up his bare hand as he went, as blessing the people, but in
+silence.  The street was wonderfully well kept: so that there was never
+any army had their men stand in better battle-array than the people
+stood.  The windows likewise were not crowded, but every one stood in
+them as if they had been placed.
+
+When the shew was past, the Jew said to me; "I shall not be able to
+attend you as I would, in regard of some charge the city hath laid upon
+me, for the entertaining of this great person."  Three days after the
+Jew came to me again, and said; "Ye are happy men; for the Father of
+Salomon's House taketh knowledge of your being here, and commanded me
+to tell you that he will admit all your company to his presence, and
+have private conference with one of you, that ye shall choose: and for
+this hath appointed the next day after to-morrow.  And because he
+meaneth to give you his blessing, he hath appointed it in the forenoon."
+
+We came at our day and hour, and I was chosen by my fellows for the
+private access.  We found him in a fair chamber, richly hanged, and
+carpeted under foot without any degrees to the state.  He was set upon
+a low Throne richly adorned, and a rich cloth of state over his head,
+of blue satin embroidered.  He was alone, save that he had two pages of
+honour, on either hand one, finely attired in white.  His under
+garments were the like that we saw him wear in the chariot; but instead
+of his gown, he had on him a mantle with a cape, of the same fine
+black, fastened about him.  When we came in, as we were taught, we
+bowed low at our first entrance; and when we were come near his chair,
+he stood up, holding forth his hand ungloved, and in posture of
+blessing; and we every one of us stooped down, and kissed the hem of
+his tippet.  That done, the rest departed, and I remained.  Then he
+warned the pages forth of the room, and caused me to sit down beside
+him, and spake to me thus in the Spanish tongue.
+
+"God bless thee, my son; I will give thee the greatest jewel I have.
+For I will impart unto thee, for the love of God and men, a relation of
+the true state of Salomon's House.  Son, to make you know the true
+state of Salomon's House, I will keep this order.  First, I will set
+forth unto you the end of our foundation.  Secondly, the preparations
+and instruments we have for our works.  Thirdly, the several
+employments and functions whereto our fellows are assigned.  And
+fourthly, the ordinances and rites which we observe.
+
+"The end of our foundation is the knowledge of causes, and secret
+motions of things; and the enlarging of the bounds of human empire, to
+the effecting of all things possible.
+
+"The Preparations and Instruments are these.  We have large and deep
+caves of several depths: the deepest are sunk six hundred fathom: and
+some of them are digged and made under great hills and mountains: so
+that if you reckon together the depth of the hill and the depth of the
+cave, they are (some of them) above three miles deep.  For we find,
+that the depth of a hill, and the depth of a cave from the flat, is the
+same thing; both remote alike, from the sun and heaven's beams, and
+from the open air.  These caves we call the Lower Region; and we use
+them for all coagulations, indurations, refrigerations, and
+conservations of bodies.  We use them likewise for the imitation of
+natural mines; and the producing also of new artificial metals, by
+compositions and materials which we use, and lay there for many years.
+We use them also sometimes, (which may seem strange,) for curing of
+some diseases, and for prolongation of life in some hermits that choose
+to live there, well accommodated of all things necessary, and indeed
+live very long; by whom also we learn many things.
+
+"We have burials in several earths, where we put diverse cements, as
+the Chineses do their porcellain.  But we have them in greater variety,
+and some of them more fine.  We have also great variety of composts and
+soils, for the making of the earth fruitful.
+
+"We have high towers; the highest about half a mile in height; and some
+of them likewise set upon high mountains; so that the vantage of the
+hill with the tower is in the highest of them three miles at least. And
+these places we call the Upper Region; accounting the air between the
+high places and the low, as a Middle Region.  We use these towers,
+according to their several heights, and situations, for insolation,
+refrigeration, conservation; and for the view of divers meteors; as
+winds, rain, snow, hail; and some of the fiery meteors also.  And upon
+them, in some places, are dwellings of hermits, whom we visit
+sometimes, and instruct what to observe.
+
+"We have great lakes, both salt, and fresh; whereof we have use for the
+fish and fowl.  We use them also for burials of some natural bodies:
+for we find a difference in things buried in earth or in air below the
+earth, and things buried in water.  We have also pools, of which some
+do strain fresh water out of salt; and others by art do turn fresh
+water into salt.  We have also some rocks in the midst of the sea, and
+some bays upon the shore for some works, wherein is required the air
+and vapor of the sea.  We have likewise violent streams and cataracts,
+which serve us for many motions: and likewise engines for multiplying
+and enforcing of winds, to set also on going diverse motions.
+
+"We have also a number of artificial wells and fountains, made in
+imitation of the natural sources and baths; as tincted upon vitriol,
+sulphur, steel, brass, lead, nitre, and other minerals.  And again we
+have little wells for infusions of many things, where the waters take
+the virtue quicker and better, than in vessels or basins.  And amongst
+them we have a water which we call Water of Paradise, being, by that we
+do to it made very sovereign for health, and prolongation of life.
+
+"We have also great and spacious houses where we imitate and
+demonstrate meteors; as snow, hail, rain, some artificial rains of
+bodies and not of water, thunders, lightnings; also generations of
+bodies in air; as frogs, flies, and divers others.
+
+"We have also certain chambers, which we call Chambers of Health, where
+we qualify the air as we think good and proper for the cure of divers
+diseases, and preservation of health.
+
+"We have also fair and large baths, of several mixtures, for the cure
+of diseases, and the restoring of man's body from arefaction: and
+others for the confirming of it in strength of sinewes, vital parts,
+and the very juice and substance of the body.
+
+"We have also large and various orchards and gardens; wherein we do not
+so much respect beauty, as variety of ground and soil, proper for
+divers trees and herbs: and some very spacious, where trees and berries
+are set whereof we make divers kinds of drinks, besides the vineyards.
+In these we practise likewise all conclusions of grafting, and
+inoculating as well of wild-trees as fruit-trees, which produceth many
+effects.  And we make (by art) in the same orchards and gardens, trees
+and flowers to come earlier or later than their seasons; and to come up
+and bear more speedily than by their natural course they do. We make
+them also by art greater much than their nature; and their fruit
+greater and sweeter and of differing taste, smell, colour, and figure,
+from their nature.  And many of them we so order, as they become of
+medicinal use.
+
+"We have also means to make divers plants rise by mixtures of earths
+without seeds; and likewise to make divers new plants, differing from
+the vulgar; and to make one tree or plant turn into another.
+
+"We have also parks and enclosures of all sorts of beasts and birds
+which we use not only for view or rareness, but likewise for
+dissections and trials; that thereby we may take light what may be
+wrought upon the body of man.  Wherein we find many strange effects; as
+continuing life in them, though divers parts, which you account vital,
+be perished and taken forth; resuscitating of some that seem dead in
+appearance; and the like.  We try also all poisons and other medicines
+upon them, as well of chirurgery, as physic.  By art likewise, we make
+them greater or taller than their kind is; and contrariwise dwarf them,
+and stay their growth: we make them more fruitful and bearing than
+their kind is; and contrariwise barren and not generative.  Also we
+make them differ in colour, shape, activity, many ways.  We find means
+to make commixtures and copulations of different kinds; which have
+produced many new kinds, and them not barren, as the general opinion
+is.  We make a number of kinds of serpents, worms, flies, fishes, of
+putrefaction; whereof some are advanced (in effect) to be perfect
+creatures, like bests or birds; and have sexes, and do propagate.
+Neither do we this by chance, but we know beforehand, of what matter
+and commixture what kind of those creatures will arise.
+
+"We have also particular pools, where we make trials upon fishes, as we
+have said before of beasts and birds.
+
+"We have also places for breed and generation of those kinds of worms
+and flies which are of special use; such as are with you your
+silk-worms and bees.
+
+"I will not hold you long with recounting of our brewhouses,
+bake-houses, and kitchens, where are made divers drinks, breads, and
+meats, rare and of special effects.  Wines we have of grapes; and
+drinks of other juice of fruits, of grains, and of roots; and of
+mixtures with honey, sugar, manna, and fruits dried, and decocted; Also
+of the tears or woundings of trees; and of the pulp of canes. And these
+drinks are of several ages, some to the age or last of forty years.  We
+have drinks also brewed with several herbs, and roots, and spices; yea
+with several fleshes, and white-meats; whereof some of the drinks are
+such, as they are in effect meat and drink both: so that divers,
+especially in age, do desire to live with them, with little or no meat
+or bread.  And above all, we strive to have drink of extreme thin
+parts, to insinuate into the body, and yet without all biting,
+sharpness, or fretting; insomuch as some of them put upon the back of
+your hand will, with a little stay, pass through to the palm, and yet
+taste mild to the mouth.  We have also waters which we ripen in that
+fashion, as they become nourishing; so that they are indeed excellent
+drink; and many will use no other.  Breads we have of several grains,
+roots, and kernels; yea and some of flesh and fish dried; with divers
+kinds of leavenings and seasonings: so that some do extremely move
+appetites; some do nourish so, as divers do live of them, without any
+other meat; who live very long.  So for meats, we have some of them so
+beaten and made tender and mortified,' yet without all corrupting, as a
+weak heat of the stomach will turn them into good chylus; as well as a
+strong heat would meat otherwise prepared.  We have some meats also and
+breads and drinks, which taken by men enable them to fast long after;
+and some other, that used make the very flesh of men's bodies sensibly'
+more hard and tough and their strength far greater than otherwise it
+would be.
+
+"We have dispensatories, or shops of medicines.  Wherein you may easily
+think, if we have such variety of plants and living creatures more than
+you have in Europe, (for we know what you have,) the simples, drugs,
+and ingredients of medicines, must likewise be in so much the greater
+variety.  We have them likewise of divers ages, and long fermentations.
+And for their preparations, we have not only all manner of exquisite
+distillations and separations, and especially by gentle heats and
+percolations through divers strainers, yea and substances; but also
+exact forms of composition, whereby they incorporate almost, as they
+were natural simples.
+
+"We have also divers mechanical arts, which you have not; and stuffs
+made by them; as papers, linen, silks, tissues; dainty works of
+feathers of wonderful lustre; excellent dies, and, many others; and
+shops likewise, as well for such as are not brought into vulgar use
+amongst us as for those that are.  For you must know that of the things
+before recited, many of them are grown into use throughout the kingdom;
+but yet, if they did flow from our invention, we have of them also for
+patterns and principals.
+
+"We have also furnaces of great diversities, and that keep great
+diversity of heats; fierce and quick; strong and constant; soft and
+mild; blown, quiet; dry, moist; and the like.  But above all, we have
+heats, in imitation of the Sun's and heavenly bodies' heats, that pass
+divers inequalities, and (as it were) orbs, progresses, and returns,
+whereby we produce admirable effects.  Besides, we have heats of dungs;
+and of bellies and maws of living creatures, and of their bloods and
+bodies; and of hays and herbs laid up moist; of lime unquenched; and
+such like.  Instruments also which generate heat only by motion.  And
+farther, places for strong insulations; and again, places under the
+earth, which by nature, or art, yield heat.  These divers heats we use,
+as the nature of the operation, which we intend, requireth.
+
+"We have also perspective-houses, where we make demonstrations of all
+lights and radiations; and of all colours: and out of things uncoloured
+and transparent, we can represent unto you all several colours; not in
+rain-bows, (as it is in gems, and prisms,) but of themselves single.
+We represent also all multiplications of light, which we carry to great
+distance, and make so sharp as to discern small points and lines.  Also
+all colourations of light; all delusions and deceits of the sight, in
+figures, magnitudes, motions, colours all demonstrations of shadows.
+We find also divers means, yet unknown to you, of producing of light
+originally from divers bodies.  We procure means of seeing objects afar
+off; as in the heaven and remote places; and represent things near as
+afar off; and things afar off as near; making feigned distances.  We
+have also helps for the sight, far above spectacles and glasses in use.
+We have also glasses and means to see small and minute bodies perfectly
+and distinctly; as the shapes and colours of small flies and worms,
+grains and flaws in gems, which cannot otherwise be seen, observations
+in urine and blood not otherwise to be seen.  We make artificial
+rain-bows, halo's, and circles about light.  We represent also all
+manner of reflexions, refractions, and multiplications of visual beams
+of objects.
+
+"We have also precious stones of all kinds, many of them of great
+beauty, and to you unknown; crystals likewise; and glasses of divers
+kinds; and amongst them some of metals vitrificated, and other
+materials besides those of which you make glass.  Also a number of
+fossils, and imperfect minerals, which you have not.  Likewise
+loadstones of prodigious virtue; and other rare stones, both natural
+and artificial.
+
+"We have also sound-houses, where we practise and demonstrate all
+sounds, and their generation.  We have harmonies which you have not, of
+quarter-sounds, and lesser slides of sounds.  Divers instruments of
+music likewise to you unknown, some sweeter than any you have, together
+with bells and rings that are dainty and sweet.  We represent small
+sounds as great and deep; likewise great sounds extenuate and sharp; we
+make divers tremblings and warblings of sounds, which in their original
+are entire.  We represent and imitate all articulate sounds and
+letters, and the voices and notes of beasts and birds.  We have certain
+helps which set to the ear do further the hearing greatly. We have also
+divers strange and artificial echoes, reflecting the voice many times,
+and as it were tossing it: and some that give back the voice louder
+than it came, some shriller, and some deeper; yea, some rendering the
+voice differing in the letters or articulate sound from that they
+receive.  We have also means to convey sounds in trunks and pipes, in
+strange lines and distances.
+
+"We have also perfume-houses; wherewith we join also practices of
+taste.  We multiply smells, which may seem strange.  We imitate smells,
+making all smells to breathe outs of other mixtures than those that
+give them.  We make divers imitations of taste likewise, so that they
+will deceive any man's taste.  And in this house we contain also a
+confiture-house; where we make all sweet-meats, dry and moist; and
+divers pleasant wines, milks, broths, and sallets; in far greater
+variety than you have.
+
+"We have also engine-houses, where are prepared engines and instruments
+for all sorts of motions.  There we imitate and practise to make
+swifter motions than any you have, either out of your muskets or any
+engine that you have: and to make them and multiply them more easily,
+and with small force, by wheels and other means: and to make them
+stronger and more violent than yours are; exceeding your greatest
+cannons and basilisks.  We represent also ordnance and instruments of
+war, and engines of all kinds: and likewise new mixtures and
+compositions of gun-powder, wild-fires burning in water, and
+unquenchable.  Also fireworks of all variety both for pleasure and use.
+We imitate also flights of birds; we have some degrees of flying in the
+air.  We have ships and boats for going under water, and brooking of
+seas; also swimming-girdles and supporters.  We have divers curious
+clocks, and other like motions of return: and some perpetual motions.
+We imitate also motions of living creatures, by images, of men, beasts,
+birds, fishes, and serpents.  We have also a great number of other
+various motions, strange for equality, fineness, and subtilty.
+
+"We have also a mathematical house, where are represented all
+instruments, as well of geometry as astronomy, exquisitely made.
+
+"We have also houses of deceits of the senses; where we represent all
+manner of feats of juggling, false apparitions, impostures, and
+illusions; and their fallacies.  And surely you will easily believe
+that we that have so many things truly natural which induce admiration,
+could in a world of particulars deceive the senses, if we would
+disguise those things and labour to make them seem more miraculous. But
+we do hate all impostures, and lies; insomuch as we have severely
+forbidden it to all our fellows, under pain of ignominy and fines, that
+they do not show any natural work or thing, adorned or swelling; but
+only pure as it is, and without all affectation of strangeness.
+
+"These are (my son) the riches of Salomon's House.
+
+"For the several employments and offices of our fellows; we have twelve
+that sail into foreign countries, under the names of other nations,
+(for our own we conceal); who bring us the books, and abstracts, and
+patterns of experiments of all other parts.  These we call Merchants of
+Light.
+
+"We have three that collect the experiments which are in all books.
+These we call Depredators.
+
+"We have three that collect the experiments of all mechanical arts; and
+also of liberal sciences; and also of practices which are not brought
+into arts.  These we call Mystery-men.
+
+"We have three that try new experiments, such as themselves think good.
+These we call Pioneers or Miners.
+
+"We have three that draw the experiments of the former four into titles
+and tables, to give the better light for the drawing of observations
+and axioms out of them.  These we call Compilers.
+
+"We have three that bend themselves, looking into the experiments of
+their fellows, and cast about how to draw out of them things of use and
+practise for man's life, and knowledge, as well for works as for plain
+demonstration of causes, means of natural divinations, and the easy and
+clear discovery of the virtues and parts of bodies.  These we call
+Dowry-men or Benefactors.
+
+"Then after divers meetings and consults of our whole number, to
+consider of the former labours and collections, we have three that take
+care, out of them, to direct new experiments, of a higher light, more
+penetrating into nature than the former.  These we call Lamps.
+
+"We have three others that do execute the experiments so directed, and
+report them.  These we call Inoculators.
+
+"Lastly, we have three that raise the former discoveries by experiments
+into greater observations, axioms, and aphorisms.  These we call
+Interpreters of Nature.
+
+"We have also, as you must think, novices and apprentices, that the
+succession of the former employed men do not fail; besides, a great
+number of servants and attendants, men and women.  And this we do also:
+we have consultations, which of the inventions and experiences which we
+have discovered shall be published, and which not: and take all an oath
+of secrecy, for the concealing of those which we think fit to keep
+secret: though some of those we do reveal sometimes to the state and
+some not.
+
+"For our ordinances and rites: we have two very long and fair
+galleries: in one of these we place patterns and samples of all manner
+of the more rare and excellent inventions in the other we place the
+statues of all principal inventors.  There we have the statue of your
+Columbus, that discovered the West Indies: also the inventor of ships:
+your monk that was the inventor of ordnance and of gunpowder: the
+inventor of music: the inventor of letters: the inventor of printing:
+the inventor of observations of astronomy: the inventor of works in
+metal: the inventor of glass: the inventor of silk of the worm: the
+inventor of wine: the inventor of corn and bread: the inventor of
+sugars: and all these, by more certain tradition than you have.  Then
+have we divers inventors of our own, of excellent works; which since
+you have not seen, it were too long to make descriptions of them; and
+besides, in the right understanding of those descriptions you might
+easily err.  For upon every invention of value, we erect a statue to
+the inventor, and give him a liberal and honourable reward.  These
+statues are some of brass; some of marble and touch-stone; some of
+cedar and other special woods gilt and adorned; some of iron; some of
+silver; some of gold.
+
+"We have certain hymns and services, which we say daily, of Lord and
+thanks to God for his marvellous works: and forms of prayers, imploring
+his aid and blessing for the illumination of our labours, and the
+turning of them into good and holy uses.
+
+"Lastly, we have circuits or visits of divers principal cities of the
+kingdom; where, as it cometh to pass, we do publish such new profitable
+inventions as we think good.  And we do also declare natural
+divinations of diseases, plagues, swarms-of hurtful creatures,
+scarcity, tempests, earthquakes, great inundations, comets, temperature
+of the year, and divers other things; and we give counsel thereupon,
+what the people shall do for the prevention and remedy of them."
+
+And when he had said this, he stood up; and I, as I had been taught,
+kneeled down, and he laid his right hand upon my head, and said; "God
+bless thee, my son; and God bless this relation, which I have made.  I
+give thee leave to publish it for the good of other nations; for we
+here are in God's bosom, a land unknown."  And so he left me; having
+assigned a value of about two thousand ducats, for a bounty to me and
+my fellows.  For they give great largesses where they come upon all
+occasions.
+
+[The rest was not perfected.]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The New Atlantis, by Frances Bacon
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE NEW ATLANTIS ***
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