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diff --git a/old/23984-8.txt b/old/23984-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2d43d55 --- /dev/null +++ b/old/23984-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,6969 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Esperanto Self-Taught with Phonetic +Pronunciation, by William W. Mann + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Esperanto Self-Taught with Phonetic Pronunciation + +Author: William W. Mann + +Release Date: December 23, 2007 [EBook #23984] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESPERANTO SELF-TAUGHT *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Laurent Vogel and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + +MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIES + + + Esperanto Self-Taught + WITH + PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION. + BY + *WILLIAM W. MANN.* + (_Member of the British Esperanto Association._) + + [Illustration: ST Series--Trade Mark Registered] + + THIRD EDITION + + PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN + + LONDON: + E. MARLBOROUGH & CO., LTD., 51 OLD BAILEY, E.C. 4 + + [ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.] + + + + +PREFACE. + + +The object of this volume is two-fold. It supplies very full and +comprehensive vocabularies of the words required by the tourist or +traveller, visitor or resident abroad, health or pleasure seeker, and +professional or business man, together with a large number of +conversational sentences of a typical and practical character. The words +and phrases are classified according to subject, and the phonetic +pronunciation of every word is added in accordance with Marlborough's +simple and popular system of phonetics. + +With the aid of this book anyone may undertake a trip to a foreign land, +even if he know nothing of the language of the country he is going to, +and, if he will put himself beforehand in communication with +Esperantists in the various places he intends to visit, he will find +them ready to help him in many ways, and his stay abroad will thus be +made much more entertaining and instructive than if he had spent his +time in the conventional manner of the ordinary tourist. A further great +advantage of this international language is, that it opens up to the +traveller, not merely one particular country, but the whole of Europe. + +The book also aims at affording a practical guide to Esperanto for the +student, who will find, in the section on Grammar, all that he needs to +give him full insight into and grasp of the language, enabling him with +very little effort to read, write and speak correctly. + +By joining an Esperanto Group the learner may have frequent opportunity +of conversational practice, and he will soon find that it is by no means +a difficult matter to become as fluent in the auxiliary language as in +his mother-tongue.[1] + +Esperanto is not merely a language for tourists, but already possesses a +rich literature of considerable extent, the beginnings of that +"Weltlitteratur" foreseen by Goethe; it has a press of its own +representing every country of importance in the world, and is constantly +being made use of for professional purposes by doctors, scientists, +teachers, lawyers, soldiers, sailors, merchants, etc., in every quarter +of the globe. It is undoubtedly destined, ere many years have passed, to +become a very important factor in the progress of the world. + + WILLIAM W. MANN. + +_London, 1908._ + +_PRINTED AND MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN._ + +Letchworth: THE GARDEN CITY PRESS LTD. + +_Fifth Impression_ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + + PAGE + Alphabet, with English Phonetic Pronunciation 5 + + Preliminary Notes.--Accents, Vowels, Diphthongs, etc. 8 + + Vocabularies.--Pages 9 to 76. + Amusement, Recreation and 41 + Animals, Vegetables, &c.: + Animals, Birds and Fishes 12 + Fruit, Trees, Flowers and Vegetables 15 + Reptiles and Insects 14 + Colours 17 + Commercial Terms 56 + Correspondence 61 + Countries and Nations 40 + Cycling 44 + Cooking and Table Utensils 29 + House and Furniture, The 34 + Legal Terms 54 + Mankind: Relations 22 + Dress and the Toilet 30 + Food and Drink 27 + Health 26 + Human Body, The 23 + Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities, etc. 24 + Motoring 47 + Numbers: Cardinal, Ordinal, Collective and Fractional 62-64 + Parts of Speech.--Pages 64 to 76 + Adjectives 64 + Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Prepositions 72 + Verbs 68 + Photography 48 + Post, Telegraph and Telephone 60 + Professions and Trades 52 + Recreation and Amusement 41 + Religion 50 + Telegraph and Telephone (Post, --) 60 + Time and Seasons 17 + Town, Country, and Agriculture 20 + Travelling: By Road and Rail 36 + " By Ship 39 + Washing List 33 + World and its Elements, The 9 + Land and Water 10 + Minerals and Metals 11 + + Grammar.--Pages 77 to 88. + The Adjective 77 + " Adverb 83 + " Article 77 + " Conjunction 83 + " Noun 77 + " Preposition 83 + " Pronoun 78 + " Verb 81 + + The Formation of Words, etc.--Pages 84 to 88. + Prefixes and Suffixes 84-87 + Compound Words 87 + Correlatives 88 + + Conversations.--Pages 89 to 126. + Amusements 112 + Commercial and Trading 125 + Correspondence 122 + Custom House, At the 98 + Cycling 114 + Enquiries 93 + Expressions, (Useful and Necessary) 89 + Expressions of Emotion 93 + Health 105 + Legal and Judicial 123 + Meals 102-105 + Breakfast 102 + Dinner 103 + Tea 104 + Money Changing 126 + Motoring 115 + Photography 117 + Post and Telegraph 121 + Religion 118 + Shopping 108 + Dressmaker 110 + Laundress 111 + Shoemaker 110 + Telegraph (Post and) 121 + Time of Day, The 118 + Times, Seasons, and Weather 119 + Town, In 106 + Travelling:-- + Arrival 99 + Bus and Tram 100 + Changing Money 126 + Hotel and Rooms 100 + Public Notices 94 + Railway, By 95 + Steamer, By 97 + Useful and Necessary Expressions 89 + + Money.--Equivalent Values 127 + + Weights and Measures; Postage 128 + + + + +THE ESPERANTO ALPHABET (WITH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION). + + +The Esperanto Alphabet has 28 letters--23 consonants, 5 vowels:-- + + Characters. | Name and English Pronunciation. | Phonetics + | | used. + | | + ------------+---------------------------------------------+----------- + A, a | (ah) like _a_ in _father_ or _pa_; as | + | _patro_ (pah'troh). In unaccented syllables | + | it should not be dwelt upon, and in all | + | cases it should be pronounced quite purely, | + | without the slight drawling _r_-sound which | + | is sometimes added to the corresponding | + | vowel in English | ah + | | + B, b | (bo) as in English | b + | | + C, c | (tsoh) like _ts_ in _gets_, _hits_, and | + | never as in English; as _caro_ (tsah'roh) | ts + | | + CX, cx | (cho) like _ch_ in _church_; as _cxasi_ | + | (chah'see) | ch + | | + D, d | (do) as in English, but with tip of tongue | + | placed on back of teeth instead of on front | + | ridge of roof of mouth | d + | | + E, e | (eh) like _e_ in _bend_ pronounced broadly, | + | or _a_ in _hate_ shortly pronounced, but | + | quite pure, entirely without the slight | + | drawling _ee_-sound often heard after the | + | English vowel; as _beno_ (beh'noh) | e, eh + | | + F, f | (fo) as in English | f + | | + G, g | (go) like _g_ in _go_, _give_, as _gasto_ | + | (gah'stoh), and never like _g_ in _gem_, | + | _allege_ | g + | | + GX, gx | (jo) like _g_ in _gem_, _general_, and _j_ | + | in _jovial_; as _gxeni_ (jeh'nee) | j + | | + H, h | (ho) as in English | h + | | + HX, hx | (hxo) like _ch_ in Scotch _loch_, _ch_ in | + | German _hoch_, _j_ in Spanish _mujer_. This | + | guttural sound is practically a very | + | strongly aspirated _h_, and may be made by | + | trying to pronounce "ho" with the throat | + | arranged as for saying _k_:--_hxoro_ | + | (khoro), _hxino_ (khino) | _kh_ + | | + I, i | (ee) like _ee_ in _seen_, as _li_ (lee). In | + | unaccented syllables, and before two | + | consonants together, this _i_ practically | + | becomes the _i_ in _it_ or in _wind_; as | + | _ferminte_ (fehrr-min'teh) | ee, i + | | + J, j | (yo) *always* like _y_ in _yet_, as _jes_ | + | (yehss), _vojo_ (vo'yo), and never like _j_ | + | in _judge_, _joke_ | y + | | + | It should be remembered that _j_ is _always | + | a consonant_, with the sound of the English | + | _y_ in _you_. Of course, when _j_ occurs at | + | the end of a word or before a consonant, it | + | practically unites with the preceding vowel | + | to form a diphthong, and loses the full | + | consonantal sound which it has before a | + | vowel. Thus: | + | | + | _Aj_ (ahy), like _ah y_ in _ah yes_ (almost | + | like _y_ in _my_); as _kaj_ (kah'y), | + | _rajdi_ (rah'y-dee), _krajono_ (krah-yo'no) | ahy + | | + | _Ej_ (ehy), like _ay y_ in _say yes_; as | + | _plej_ (pleh'y, *one* syllable) | ehy + | | + | _Oj_ (oy), like _oh y_ in _oh yes_ (almost | + | like _oy_ in _toy_); as _ranoj_ (rah'noy), | + | _kojno_ (koy'noh) | oy + | | + | _Uj_ (ooy), like _oo y_ in _too young_; as | + | _tuj_ (too'y, *one* syllable), _prujno_ | + | (proo'yno, *two* syllables) | ooy + | | + Jx, jx | (zho) like _s_ in _vision_ or _pleasure_, | + | or _j_ in French _jeune, j'ai_; as _jxeti_ | + | (zheh'tee) | zh + | | + K, k | (ko) as in English | k + | | + L, l | (lo) as in English | l + | | + M, m | (mo) as in English | m + | | + N, n | (no) as in English | n + | | + O, o | (oh) like _o_ in _horse_, not | + | diphthongized, but pronounced purely and | + | rather shortly, as _bona_ (boh'nah NOT | + | bow'nah), quite without the short | + | _oo_-sound frequently heard with the | + | English vowel in such words as _note_, | + | _boat_. Its sound is almost equivalent to | + | _aw_ in _caw_, pronounced shortly and with | + | the lips placed roundly as if for saying | o, + | _oh_; as _estonta_ (ess-tohn'tah) | oh + | | + P, p | (po) as in English | p + | | + R, r | (ro) as in English, but sounded _much more | + | forcibly_, and always _with a trill_ as in | + | singing; as _korpo_ (kohr'po) | r + | | + S, s | (so) like _s_ in _say_, as _suno_ | + | (soo'noh), and *never* as _s_ in _rose_; as | + | _pesi_ (peh'see) | s, ss + | | + Sx, sx | (sho) like _sh_ in _show_, _she_; as | + | _sxipo_ (shee'poh) | sh + | | + T, t | (to) as in English, but dentally--with tip | + | of tongue placed on back of teeth instead | + | of on front ridge of roof of mouth | t + | | + U, u | (oo) like _oo_ in _boot_, as _nubo_ | + | (*noo'*boh); and *never* as _u_ in _mute_ | + | or _but_ | oo + | | + Ux, ux | (wo) is equivalent to the English _w_, and | + | is produced by a _partial bringing | + | together_ of the lips. It practically only | w, + | occurs after _a_ or _e_ | [)o][)o] + | | + | (1) _Aux_. To say _antaux_, for instance, | + | say "ahn'tah," and finish by bringing the | + | lips slightly together to pronounce the | + | _ux_ (_w_). Similarly for _lauxta_ | + | (lah'w-tah). This sound is not exactly the | + | English _ou_ in _house_, but is just the | + | _au_ in the German _Haus_. The phonetic | + | sign for _aux_, therefore is | ahw + | | + | (2) _Eux_, as in _Euxropo_ (ehw-ro'poh), is | + | pronounced with a similar closing of the | + | lips after the _eh-_sound | ehw + | | + V, v | (vo) as in English | v + | | + Z, z | (zo) as in English | z + | | + + + + +PRELIMINARY NOTES. + + +In order to make the best progress in acquiring the words and sentences +in the following pages, the student is recommended to learn a few at a +time by repeating them aloud with the aid of the phonetic pronunciation +in the third column. + +Although the system of phonetics may seem a little cumbersome, practice +will soon enable the student to pronounce the words easily and +naturally. The following notes will be useful:-- + +1. *Accent.*--In Esperanto, *every letter*, whether vowel or consonant, +*is sounded*. *The accented syllable of a word is always the last but +one.* Thus, _nobla_ (noh'blah), _irado_ (ee-rah'do), _telefono_ +(teh-leh-foh'no), _internacia_ (in-tehr-naht-see'ah), _folio_ +(fohlee'oh). + +It should be borne in mind that _j_ and _ux_ *are consonants*, and do +not, like the vowels, of themselves constitute a syllable. Thus, _tiu_ +(tee'oo, *two* syllables) and _tiuj_ (tee'ooy, also *two* syllables), +_rajdi_ (rah'y-dee, *not* rah-[)i]'dee), _antaux_ (ahn'tahw, *not* +ahn-tah'[)o][)o]). + +2. *The vowels, _a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, _u_, should in Esperanto be +pronounced quite purely*, and entirely without any drawling after-sound. +Many English speakers diphthongize _a_, _i_, _o_, and pronounce _late_ +as "l_a-i_t," _pale_ as "p_a-i_l," _paper_ as "p_a-y_-per," _road_ as +"row-d," etc. This habit of drawling the vowels, when transferred to +Esperanto, thus: _Mi ne povas bone paroli_, mee'y nay'ee +poh'[)o][)o]-vah(r)ss boh'[)o][)o]-nehy pah(r)-roh'[)o][)o]-leey, +immediately reveals the nationality of the speaker. + +There is also an inclination to interpose an _r_-sound between _la_ +("the") and a word beginning with a vowel, thus: _la(r)ebleco_ instead +of _la ebleco_, _la(r)internacia lingvo_ instead of _la internacia +lingvo_, etc. This should be avoided. + +3. *Combinations of Consonants.*--There are a few consonantal +combinations which offer a slight difficulty to English beginners, viz., +_gv_, _kn_, _kv_, _sc_. The combinations _gv_, _kn_, and _kv_, as in +_gvidi_ (gvee'dee), _knabo_ (knah'bo), _kvieto_ (kvee-eh'toh), may be +practised by first placing a vowel before the _g_ or _k_, and gradually +suppressing it. Thus, first say _la knabo_ (lahk-nah'bo), and gradually +drop the "lah," until finally _knabo_ can be said without difficulty. + +The combination _sc_, as in _sceno_ (stseh'no), may be learnt thus: Say +"last sane" several times, very distinctly pronouncing the _st_ and the +_s_, then gradually "'st sane", and finally _sceno_ (stseh'no) without +any preceding vowel-sound. When this combination follows a vowel, as in +_mi scias_, it should cause no difficulty, for the _s_ is easily +pronounced with the first syllable, thus: meess-tsee'ahss. + + * * * * * + + +LETTER FROM DR. ZAMENHOF. (_Founder of Esperanto._) + + Varsovio, 14.9.08. + + KARAJ SINJOROJ,--Kun plezuro kaj danko mi ricevis vian leteron de + 10.9, kaj ankaux la presprovajxon de "Esperanto Self-Taught." + + Cxar Sro Mann estas tre kompetenta kaj sperta esperantisto, tial mi + estas tute certa, ke la libro verkita de li estos tre bona kaj tre + utila. + + Via, + + (_Signed_) ZAMENHOF. + +[TRANSLATION.] + + _Warsaw, 14.9.08._ + + _Dear Sirs,--I received your letter of Sept. 10, and the proofs of + "Esperanto Self-Taught," with pleasure and thanks._ + + _As Mr. Mann is a very competent and experienced Esperantist, I am + quite certain that the book written by him will be very good and very + useful._ + + _Yours_, + + (_Signed_) _ZAMENHOF_. + + + + +VOCABULARIES. + + +1. The World & its Elements. (_La Mondo kaj gxiaj Elementoj._) + +(See Notes on the Article) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Air | _aero_ | ah-eh'ro + cloud | _nubo_ | noo'bo + cold | _malvarmo_ | mahl-vahrr'mo + darkness | _mallumo_ | mahl-loo'mo + dew | _roso_ | ro'so + dust | _polvo_ | pohl'vo + earth | _tero_ | teh'ro + east | _oriento_ | o-ree-ehn'toh + eclipse | _eklipso_ | eh-klip'so + fire | _fajro_ | fahy'ro + fog | _nebulo_ | neh-boo'lo + frost | _frosto_ | frohst'o + hail | _hajlo_ | hahy'lo + heat | _varmo_ | vahrr'mo + light | _lumo_ | loo'mo + lightning | _fulmo_ | fool'mo + moon; --, new | _luno; nova luno_ | loo'no; no'vah loo'no + --, full | _plena luno_ | pleh'nah loo'no + moonlight | _lunlumo_ | loon'loo'mo + nature | _naturo_ | nah-too'ro + north | _nordo_ | nohrr'doh + rain | _pluvo_ | ploo'vo + rainbow | _cxielarko_ | chee-ehl-ahr'ko + shade, shadow | _ombro_ | ohm'bro + sky | _cxielo_ | chee-eh'lo + snow | _negxo_ | neh'jo + south | _sudo_ | soo'doh + star | _stelo_ | steh'lo + sun | _suno_ | soo'no + thaw | _degelo_ | deh-geh'lo + thunder | _tondro_ | tohn'dro + weather | _vetero_ | veteh'ro + west | _okcidento_ | ohk-tsee-dehn'toh + wind | _vento_ | vehn'toh + + +2. Land and Water. (_La Tero kaj la Akvo._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Bay | _golfeto_ | golf-eh'toh + beach | _marbordo_ | mahrbohr'doh + canal | _kanalo_ | kanah'lo + cape | _terkapo_ | tehr-kah'po + cliff | _krutegajxo_ | kroo-teh-gah'zho + coast | _marbordo_ | mahr-bohr'doh + creek | _kriko_ | kree'ko + current | _akvofluo_ | ahk'vo-floo'oh + ebb | _malfluso_ | mahl-floo'so + flood (deluge) | _inundo_ | in-oon'doh + -- (of the tide) | _fluso_ | floo'so + flow | _fluo_ | floo'oh + foam | _sxauxmo_ | shahw'mo + hill | _monteto_ | mohn-teh'toh + ice | _glacio_ | glaht-see'oh + island | _insulo_ | in-soo'lo + lake | _lago_ | lah'go + land | _tero_ | teh'ro + mainland | _cxeftero_ | chehf-teh'ro + marsh | _marcxo_ | mahr'cho + moor | _stepo_ | steh'po + mountain | _monto_ | mohn'toh + mud | _koto_ | ko'toh + river | _rivero_ | reeveh'ro + rock | _roko_ | ro'ko + sand | _sablo_ | sah'blo + sea | _maro_ | mah'ro + sea-shore | _marbordo_ | mahr-bohr'doh + shingle | _sxtonetajxo_ | shto-neh-tah'zho + storm | _ventego_ | ven-teh'go + stream | _rivereto_ | rivehr-eh'toh + tide; --, high | _tajdo; altmaro_ | tahy'doh; ahlt-mah'ro + --, low | _malaltmaro_ | mahl'ahlt-mah'ro + valley | _valo_ | vah'lo + water; --, fresh | _akvo; sensala akvo_ | ahk'vo; sen-sah'la + | | ahk'vo + --, salt | _sala akvo_ | sah'la ahk'vo + waterfall | _akvofalo_ | ahk'vo-fah'lo + wave | _ondo_ | ohn'doh + well | _akvoputo_ | ahk'vo-poo'toh + + +3. Minerals & Metals. (_Mineraloj kaj Metaloj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Alum | _aluno_ | ahloo'no + amber | _sukceno_ | sookt-seh'no + brass | _latuno_ | lah-too'no + bricks | _brikoj_ | bree'koy + bronze | _bronzo_ | brohn'zo + cement | _cemento_ | tseh-mehn'to + chalk | _kreto_ | kreh'to + clay | _argilo_ | ahr-ghee'lo + coal | _karbo_ | kahrr'bo + concrete | _betono_ | beh-toh'no + copper | _kupro_ | koo'pro + coral | _koralo_ | kohrah'lo + crystal | _kristalo_ | kris-tah'lo + diamond | _diamanto_ | dee-ahmahn'toh + emerald | _smeraldo_ | smehrahl'doh + glass | _vitro_ | vee'tro + gold | _oro_ | oh'ro + granite | _granito_ | grahnee'toh + gravel | _gruzo_ | groo'zo + iron | _fero_ | feh'ro + --, cast | _fandfero_ | fahnd-feh'ro + --, wrought | _forgxfero_ | fohrj-feh'ro + lead | _plumbo_ | ploom'bo + lime | _kalko_ | kahl'ko + marble | _marmoro_ | mahrr-moh'ro + mercury | _hidrargo_ | heedrahrr'go + mortar | _mortero_ | mohr-teh'ro + nickel | _nikelo_ | nik-eh'loh + opal | _opalo_ | ohpah'lo + ore | _minajxo_ | meenah'zho + pearl | _perlo_ | pehrr'lo + ruby | _rubeno_ | roobeh'no + silver | _argxento_ | ahrr-jehn'toh + slate | _ardezo_ | ahrr-deh'zo + soda | _sodo_ | so'doh + steel | _sxtalo_ | shtah'lo + stone | _sxtono_ | shtoh'no + tin | _stano_ | stah'no + zinc | _zinko_ | zeen'ko + + +4. Animals, Birds & Fishes. (_Bestoj, Birdoj, kaj Fisxoj._) + +(See Shopping, §. 53.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Animal | _besto_ | beh'stoh + barking | _bojado_ | bo-yah'doh + bear | _urso_ | oorr'so + bird | _birdo_ | beerr'doh + blackbird | _merlo_ | mehrr'lo + braying | _azenbleko_ | ah-zehn-bleh'ko + bull | _bovoviro_ | bo'vo-veer'oh + calf | _bovido_ | bo-vee'doh + canary | _kanario_ | kanah-ree'oh + cat | _kato_ | kah'toh + chicken | _kokido_ | ko-kee'doh + claw, nail | _ungo_ | oon'go + cock | _koko_ | ko'ko + cod | _moruo_ | mo-roo'oh + colt | _cxevalido_ | chehvah-lee'doh + cow | _bovino_ | bo-vee'no + crab | _krabo_ | krah'bo + cuckoo | _kukolo_ | koo-ko'lo + deer | _damcervo_ | dahm-tsehrr'vo + dog | _hundo_ | hoon'doh + donkey | _azeno_ | ah-zeh'no + dove, pigeon | _kolombo_ | ko-lohm'bo + duck | _anaso_ | ah-nah'so + --, wild | _sovagxa anaso_ | so-vah'ja ah-nah'so + eagle | _aglo_ | ah'glo + eel | _angilo_ | ahn-ghee'lo + elephant | _elefanto_ | ehleh-fahn'toh + feather | _plumo_ | ploo'mo + fins | _nagxiloj_ | nah-jee'loy + fish | _fisxo_ | fee'sho + fowl | _kortbirdo_ | kohrrt-beer'doh + fox | _vulpo_ | vool'po + fur | _felo_ | feh'lo + game | _cxasajxo_ | chah-sah'zho + gills | _brankoj_ | brahn'koy + goat | _kapro_ | kah'pro + goose | _ansero_ | ahn-seh'ro + gull | _mevo_ | meh'vo + haddock | _eglefino_ | eh-gleh-fee'no + hake | _merlucxo_ | mehr-loo'cho + hare | _leporo_ | lepoh'ro + hen | _kokino_ | ko-kee'no + herring | _haringo_ | har-een'go + hoof | _hufo_ | hoo'foh + horn | _korno_ | kohrr'no + horse | _cxevalo_ | cheh-vah'loh + howling | _blekado_ | bleh-kah'doh + lamb | _sxafido_ | shah-fee'do + lark | _alauxdo_ | ahl-ahw'doh + lion | _leono_ | leh-oh'no + lobster | _omaro_ | o-mah'ro + mackerel | _skombro_ | skohm'bro + magpie | _pigo_ | pee'go + mane | _kolhararo_ | kohl'har-ah'ro + mewing | _miauxado_ | mee-ah-wah'doh + monkey | _simio_ | sim-ee'oh + mouse | _muso_ | moo'so + mullet | _mugelo_ | moo-gheh'lo + nightingale | _najtingalo_ | nahy-tin-gah'lo + owl | _strigo_ | stree'go + ox | _bovo_ | bo'vo + oyster | _ostro_ | oh'stro + parrot | _papago_ | pa-pah'go + partridge | _perdriko_ | pehr-dree'ko + paw | _piedo_ | pee-eh'doh + peacock | _pavo_ | pah'voh + pheasant | _fazano_ | fah-zah'no + pig | _porko_ | pohrr'ko + pike | _ezoko_ | eh-zo'ko + plaice | _plateso_ | plah-teh'so + quail | _koturno_ | ko-toorr'no + rabbit | _kuniklo_ | koo-nee'klo + rat | _rato_ | rah'toh + raven | _korvo_ | kohrr'vo + rook | _frugilego_ | froo-ghee-leh'go + salmon | _salmo_ | sahl'mo + sheep | _sxafo_ | shah'fo + snipe | _marcxa skolopo_ | mar'chah sko-lo'po + sparrow | _pasero_ | pa-seh'ro + stork | _cikonio_ | tsee-konee'oh + swallow | _hirundo_ | hee-roon'doh + swan | _cigno_ | tseeg'noh + tail | _vosto_ | vo'sto + thrush | _turdo_ | toorr'doh + tiger | _tigro_ | tee'gro + tortoise | _testudo_ | tess-too'doh + trout | _truto_ | troo'toh + turbot | _rombfisxo_ | rohmb-fee'sho + turkey | _meleagro_ | meh-leh-ah'gro + turtle | _kelonio_ | keh-lo-nee'oh + whale | _baleno_ | bah-leh'no + wing | _flugilo_ | floo-ghee'lo + wolf | _lupo_ | loo'po + wren | _regolo_ | reh-go'lo + + +5. Reptiles & Insects. (_Rampuloj kaj Insektoj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Ant | _formiko_ | fohrmee'ko + bee | _abelo_ | ah-beh'lo + beetle | _skarabo_ | skarah'bo + bug | _cimo_ | tsee'moh + butterfly | _papilio_ | pah-peelee'oh + caterpillar | _rauxpo_ | rahw'po + flea | _pulo_ | poo'lo + fly | _musxo_ | moo'shoh + frog | _rano_ | rah'noh + gnat | _kulo_ | koo'lo + grasshopper | _akrido_ | ah-kree'doh + insect | _insekto_ | insek'toh + moth; --, clothes- | _faleno; tineo_ | fah-leh'no; teeneh'oh + silkworm | _silkrauxpo_ | silk-rahw'po + snail | _heliko_ | heh-lee'ko + snake | _serpento_ | sehr-pehn'toh + spider | _araneo_ | arah-neh'oh + sting | _pikilo_ | peekee'lo + toad | _bufo_ | boo'fo + wasp | _vespo_ | vehs'po + worm | _vermo_ | vehrr'mo + + +6. Fruits, Trees[2], Flowers & Vegetables (_Fruktoj, Arboj, Floroj, kaj +Legomoj._) + +(For Shopping, see §. 52.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Acorn | _glano_ | glah'noh + almond | _migdalo_ | mig-dah'lo + apple | _pomo_ | poh'mo + apricot | _abrikoto_ | ahbree-ko'toh + ash | _frakseno_ | frahk-seh'noh + asparagus | _asparago_ | ahspah-rah'go + banana | _banano_ | bahnah'no + bark | _arbsxelo_ | ahrb-sheh'lo + beans | _faboj_ | fah'boy + beech (-tree) | _fago_ | fah'go + beetroot | _beto_ | beh'toh + birch (-tree) | _betulo_ | beh-too'lo + blackberry | _rubuso_ | roo-boo'so + bouquet | _bukedo_ | bookeh'do + branch | _brancxo_ | brahn'cho + buttercup | _ranunkulo_ | rahnoon-koo'lo + cabbage | _brasiko_ | brahsee'ko + carrot | _karoto_ | kahroh'toh + cauliflower | _florbrasiko_ | flohr'brah-see'ko + celery | _celerio_ | tseh-lehree'oh + cherry | _cxerizo_ | chehree'zo + chestnut (edible) | _kasxtano_ | kashtah'no + chrysanthemum | _krizantemo_ | krizahn-teh'mo + cucumber | _kukumo_ | kookoo'mo + currants (dried) | _korintoj_ | kohreen'toy + daisy | _lekanteto_ | leh-kahn-teh'toh + dandelion | _leontodo_ | leh-ontoh'doh + elm (-tree) | _ulmo_ | ool'mo + evergreen | _cxiamverdulo_ | chee'ahm-vehrdoo'lo + fern | _filiko_ | feelee'ko + fibre | _fibro_ | fee'broh + fig | _figo_ | fee'go + fir (-tree) | _abio_ | ahbee'oh + flower | _floro_ | floh'roh + fruit-tree | _fruktarbo_ | frookt-ahr'bo + gooseberry | _groso_ | groh'so + grape | _vinbero_ | veenbeh'ro + holly | _ilekso_ | eelek'so + horse-chestnut | _hipo-kasxtano_ | hee'po-kahshtah'no + horse-radish | _kreno_ | kreh'no + ivy | _hedero_ | heh-deh'ro + kernel | _kerno_ | kehrr'no + laurel | _lauxro_ | lahw'ro + leaf | _folio_ | fohlee'oh + lemon | _citrono_ | tsee-troh'no + lettuce | _laktuko_ | lahk-too'ko + lily | _lilio_ | leelee'oh + lily-of-the-valley | _konvalo_ | kohn-vah'lo + lime (fruit); | _limedo; tilio_ | leemeh'do; teelee'oh + -tree | | + maize | _maizo_ | mah-ee'zo + maple | _acero_ | aht-seh'ro + melon | _melono_ | meh-loh'no + misletoe | _visko_ | vees'ko + mulberry | _moruso_ | moh-roo'so + nettle | _urtiko_ | oortee'ko + nut; walnut | _nukso; juglando_ | nook'so; yooglahn'do + oak (-tree) | _kverko_ | kvehrr'ko + onion | _bulbo_ | bool'bo + orange | _orangxo_ | ohrahn'jo + parsnip | _pastinako_ | pahstee-nah'ko + peach | _persiko_ | pehrr-see'ko + pear | _piro_ | pee'ro + peas | _pizoj_ | pee'zoy + pine-apple | _ananaso_ | ah-nahnah'so + plant | _kreskajxo_ | kreskah'zho + plum | _pruno_ | proo'no + potatoes | _terpomo_ | tehrr-poh'mo + primrose | _primolo_ | pree-mo'lo + privet | _ligustro_ | lee-goost'ro + pumpkin | _kukurbo_ | kookoorr'bo + radishes | _rafanoj_ | rahfah'noy + raisins | _sekvinberoj_ | sek-vinbeh'roy + raspberry | _frambo_ | frahm'bo + root | _radiko_ | rahdee'ko + rose | _rozo_ | roh'zo + skin, shell (of | _sxelo_ | sheh'lo + fruit) | | + sloe | _prunelo_ | prooneh'lo + spinach | _spinaco_ | speenaht'so + stalk, stem | _trunketo_ | troonkeh'toh + strawberry | _frago_ | frah'go + stump | _stumpo_ | stoom'po + tomato | _tomato_ | toh-mah'toh + tree | _arbo_ | ar'bo + trunk (tree-) | _trunko_ | troon'ko + tulip | _tulipo_ | toolee'po + turnip | _napo_ | nah'po + vegetable marrow | _medolkukurbo_ | mehdohl'kookoor'bo + vine | _vinberujo_ | vinbehr-oo'yoh + violet | _violo_ | vee-oh'lo + willow | _saliko_ | sahlee'ko + + +7. Colours. (_Koloroj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Black | _nigra_ | nee'gra + blue | _blua_ | bloo'ah + brown | _bruna_ | broo'na + crimson | _punca_ | poont'sah + dark | _malhela_ | mahl-heh'la + green | _verda_ | vehrr'da + grey | _griza_ | gree'za + light | _hela_ | heh'la + orange | _orangxa_ | ohrahn'ja + pink | _rozkolora_ | rohz-kohlo'ra + purple | _purpura_ | poorr-poo'ra + red | _rugxa_ | roo'ja + scarlet | _skarlata_ | skahr-lah'ta + violet | _violkolora_ | veeohl'kohlo'ra + white | _blanka_ | blahn'ka + yellow | _flava_ | flah'va + + +8. Times & Seasons. (_La Tempoj kaj la Sezonoj._) + +(For Conversations, see §. 63.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Afternoon | _posttagmezo_ | post-tahg-meh'zo + Bank holidays | _bankaj libertagoj_ | bahn'kahy + | | lee-behrr-tah'goy + Good Friday | _Sankta Vendredo_ | sahnk'tah ven-dreh'doh + Easter Monday | _Paska lundo_ | pah'skah loon'doh + Whit-Monday | _Pentekosta lundo_ | penteh-ko'stah loon'doh + first Monday in | _la unua lundo en | lah oo-noo'ah loon'doh + August | Auxgusto_ | en ahw-goo'sto + Boxing-day | _la tago post | lah tah'go post + | Kristnasko_ | krist-nah'sko + beginning | _komencigxo_ | koh-ment-see'jo + birthday | _naskotago_ | nah'sko-tah'go + century | _centjaro_ | tsehnt-yah'ro + Christmas-day | _Kristnasko_ | krist-nah'sko + dawn, daybreak | _tagigxo_ | tah-ghee'jo + day | _tago_ | tah'go + days of the week | _tagoj de la semajno_ | tah'goy deh la + | | sehmahy'no + Sunday | _dimancxo_ | deemahn'cho + Monday | _lundo_ | loon'doh + Tuesday | _mardo_ | mahrr'doh + Wednesday | _merkredo_ | mehrr-kreh'doh + Thursday | _jxauxdo_ | zhahw'doh + Friday | _vendredo_ | vendreh'doh + Saturday | _sabato_ | sahbah'toh + Easter | _Pasko_ | pah'sko + end | _fino_ | fee'no + evening | _vespero_ | veh-speh'ro + fortnight | _du semajnoj_ | doo seh-mahy'noy + half | _duono_ | doo-oh'no + half-a-century | _duoncentjaro_ | doo-ohn'tsent-yah'ro + half-an-hour | _duonhoro_ | doo-ohn-ho'ro + holiday | _libertempo_ | libehr-tehm'po + hour | _horo_ | ho'ro + last month | _lastan monaton_ | lah'stahn monah'tohn + last night | _hieraux nokte_ | hee-eh'rahw nohk'teh + last Sunday | _lastan dimancxon_ | lah'stahn deemahn'chon + last week | _lastan semajnon_ | lah'stahn seh-mahy'nohn + | | + leap year | _superjaro_ | soo'pehrr-yah'ro + Lent | _la Fastsezono_ | la fahst'seh-zo'no + Michaelmas | _la tago de Sankta | lah tah'go deh + | Mihxaelo_ | sahnk'tah + | | mee_kh_ah-eh'lo + midnight | _noktomezo_ | nohk'toh-meh'zo + midsummer | _somermezo_ | so-mehr-meh'zo + minute | _minuto_ | mee-noo'toh + month | _monato_ | mo-nah'toh + months, the | _la monatoj_ | la mo-nah'toy + January | _Januaro_ | yah-noo-ah'ro + February | _Februaro_ | feh-broo-ah'ro + March | _Marto_ | mahrr'toh + April | _Aprilo_ | ah-pree'lo + May | _Majo_ | mah'yo + June | _Junio_ | yoo-nee'oh + July | _Julio_ | yoo-lee'oh + August | _Auxgusto_ | ahw-goost'oh + September | _Septembro_ | sep-tehm'bro + October | _Oktobro_ | ok-toh'bro + November | _Novembro_ | no-vehm'bro + December | _Decembro_ | deht-sehm'bro + morning | _mateno_ | mah-teh'no + next day | _la proksima(n) | la proksee'mah(n) + | tago(n)_[3] | tah'goh(n) + night | _nokto_ | nok'toh + noon | _tagmezo_ | tahg-meh'zo + quarter | _kvarono_ | kvah-ro'no + quarter of an hour | _kvaronhoro_ | kvah-rohn-ho'ro + season | _sezono_ | seh-zo'no + seasons | _la sezonoj_ | la seh-zo'noy + spring | _printempo_ | prin-tehm'po + summer | _somero_ | soh-mehr'o + autumn | _auxtuno_ | ahw-too'no + winter | _vintro_ | vin'tro + second | _sekundo_ | seh-koon'doh + sunrise | _sunlevigxo_ | soon'leh-vee'jo + sunset | _sunsubiro_ | soon'soobeer'o + time | _tempo_ | tehm'po + to-day | _hodiaux_ | hoh-dee'ahw + to-morrow | _morgaux_ | morr'gahw + to-night | _hodiaux nokte_ | hoh-dee'ahw nok'teh + twilight | _krepusko_ | krehpoos'ko + week | _semajno_ | seh-mahy'no + week-day | _labortago_ | lahbohr-tah'go + Whitsuntide | _Pentekosto_ | penteh-kohs'toh + year | _jaro_ | yah'ro + yesterday | _hieraux_ | hee-eh'rahw + yesterday morning | _hieraux matene_ | hee-eh'rahw mahteh'neh + + +9. Town, Country and Agriculture. (_La Urbo, la Kamparo, kaj la +Terkulturo_). + +(For Conversations, see §. 52.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Bank | _deklivo_ | deh-klee'vo + bank (edge) | _bordo_ | bohrr'doh + barley | _hordeo_ | hohrdeh'o + barn | _grenejo_ | greh-neh'yo + bridge | _ponto_ | pohn'toh + brook | _rivereto_ | reevehr-eh'toh + building | _konstruajxo_ | kon-stroo-ah'zho + bush, shrub | _arbusto_ | ahrr-boo'sto + cattle | _brutoj_ | broo'toy + cemetery | _tombejo_ | tohm-beh'yo + clover | _trifolio_ | tree-fohl-ee'o + corn | _greno_ | greh'no + cottage | _dometo_ | doh-meh'toh + country, the | _la kamparo_ | lah kahm-pah'ro + courtyard | _korto_ | kohrr'toh + crop | _rikolto_ | ree-kohl'toh + dairy | _laktejo_ | lahk-teh'yo + ditch | _fosajxo_ | foh-sah'zho + drain | _drenilo_ | drehn-ee'lo + farm | _farmbieno_ | fahrm'bee-eh'no + farmer | _farmisto_ | fahrm-ist'o + fence | _palisaro_ | pahlee-sah'ro + field | _kampo_ | kahm'po + flock (of sheep) | _sxafaro_ | shahf-ah'ro + foot-path | _piedvojeto_ | pee-ehd'vo-yeh'toh + foot-pavement | _trotuaro_ | tro-tooahr'o + forest | _arbaro_ | ahr-bar'o + garden | _gxardeno_ | jahrr-deh'no + gate | _barpordo_ | bahr-pohr'doh + grass | _herbo_ | hehrr'bo + harvest | _grenrikolto_ | grehn'reekohl'toh + hay | _fojno_ | foy'no + hedge | _plektobarilo_ | plek'toh-bahree'lo + herd | _bovaro_ | bo-vah'ro + high road | _cxefvojo_ | chehf-vo'yoh + hotel | _hotelo_ | ho-teh'lo + hut | _kabano_ | kah-bah'noh + inn | _gastejo_ | gah-steh'yoh + labourer | _laboristo_ | lah-bo-reest'o + land, soil | _tero_ | tehr'o + library | _biblioteko_ | bib-lee-oh-teh'ko + log | _sxtipo_ | shtee'po + manure | _sterko_ | stehrr'ko + market | _vendejo_ | vendeh'yo + market-place | _vendeja placo_ | vendeh'ya plaht'so + meadow | _herbejo_ | hehr-beh'yo + mile | _mejlo_ | mehy'lo + mill | _muelilo_ | moo-ehlee'lo + monument | _monumento_ | mo-noomehn'toh + oats | _aveno_ | ah-veh'no + palace | _palaco_ | pah-laht'so + place, spot | _loko_ | lo'ko + pasture | _pasxtejo_ | pah-shteh'yo + plough | _plugilo_ | ploo-ghee'lo + police-station | _policejo_ | pohleet-seh'yo + prison | _malliberejo_ | mahl-lee-beh-reh'yo + public-house | _trinkejo_ | trin-keh'yoh + restaurant | _restoracio_ | restohraht-see'o + river | _rivero_ | ree-veh'ro + road | _vojo_ | vo'yoh + rye | _sekalo_ | seh-kah'lo + school | _lernejo_ | lehrr-neh'yo + seed | _semo_ | seh'mo + shepherd | _pasxtisto_ | pah-shteest'o + shop | _butiko_ | bootee'ko + square | _placo_ | plaht'so + stack | _stako_ | stah'ko + street | _strato_ | strah'toh + street-lamp | _stratlanterno_ | straht'lahn-tehrr'no + tower | _turo_ | toor'o + town | _urbo_ | oorr'bo + town-hall | _urbdomo_ | oorrb-doh'mo + tramway | _tramvojo_ | trahm-vo'yoh + tree | _arbo_ | ahrr'bo + university | _universitato_ | oonivehr-seetah'toh + village | _vilagxo_ | veelah'jo + waterfall | _akvofalo_ | ahk'vo-fah'lo + wheat | _tritiko_ | treetee'ko + + +10. Mankind: Relations. (_La Homaro: Parencoj_). + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Aunt | _onklino_ | ohn-klee'no + baby | _infaneto_ | infahn-eh'toh + boy | _knabo_ | knah'bo + bride | _edzinigato_ | ed-zeenee-gah'toh + bridegroom | _edzigato_ | edzee-gah'toh + brother | _frato_ | frah'toh + child | _infano_ | infahn'o + cousin | _kuzo_ m., _kuzino_ f. | koo'zo, koozee'no + daughter | _filino_ | feelee'no + daughter-in-law | _bofilino_ | bo-feelee'no + family | _familio_ | fahmee-lee'o + father | _patro_ | pah'tro + father-in-law | _bopatro_ | bo-pah'tro + gentleman, Mr. | _sinjoro_ | seenyohr'o + girl | _knabino_ | knah-bee'no + grand-daughter | _nepino_ | neh-pee'no + grandfather | _avo_ | ah'vo + grandmother | _avino_ | ah-vee'no + grandson | _nepo_ | neh'po + husband | _edzo_ | ehd'zo + lady, Mrs. | _sinjorino_ | seen-yohr-ee'no + man, a | _viro_ | vee'ro + man (human being) | _homo_ | ho'mo + marriage | _edzigxo_ | ed-zee'jo + mother | _patrino_ | pah-tree'no + mother-in-law | _bopatrino_ | bo-pah-tree'no + nephew | _nevo_ | neh'vo + niece | _nevino_ | neh-vee'no + parents | _gepatroj_ | gheh-pah'troy + people, the | _la popolo_ | lah po-po'lo + person | _persono_ | pehr-so'no + single man, | _frauxlo_ | frahw'lo + bachelor | | + single woman, | _frauxlino_ | frahw-lee'no + young lady, Miss | | + sister | _fratino_ | frah-tee'no + sister-in-law | _bofratino_ | bo-frahtee'no + son | _filo_ | fee'lo + step-son | _duonfilo_ | doo-ohn-fee'lo + uncle | _onklo_ | ohn'klo + widow | _vidvino_ | vid-vee'no + widower | _vidvo_ | veed'vo + wife | _edzino_ | ed-zee'no + woman | _virino_ | veeree'no + + +11. The Human Body. (_La Homa Korpo_). + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Abdomen | _ventro_ | vehn'tro + ankle | _maleolo_ | mah-leh-o'lo + arm | _brako_ | brah'ko + back | _dorso_ | dohrr'so + beard | _barbo_ | bahrr'bo + blood | _sango_ | sahn'go + body | _korpo_ | kohrr'po + bone | _osto_ | oh'sto + bowels | _intestoj_ | intess'toy + brain | _cerbo_ | tsehrr'bo + cheek | _vango_ | vahn'go + chest | _brusto_ | broo'sto + chin | _mentono_ | men-toh'no + complexion | _vizagxkoloro_ | veezahj'ko-lohr'o + ear | _orelo_ | o-reh'lo + elbow | _kubuto_ | kooboo'toh + eye | _okulo_ | o-koo'lo + eyebrow | _brovo_ | bro'vo + eyelid | _palpebro_ | pahlpeh'bro + face | _vizagxo_ | vee-zah'jo + finger | _fingro_ | feen'gro + foot | _piedo_ | pee-eh'doh + forehead | _frunto_ | froon'toh + hair, a; hair, -s | _haro; la haroj_ | ha'ro; la hah'roy + hand | _mano_ | mah'no + head | _kapo_ | kah'po + heart | _koro_ | ko'ro + heel | _kalkano_ | kahlkah'no + kidneys | _renoj_ | reh'noy + knee | _genuo_ | gheh-noo'oh + leg | _kruro_ | kroo'ro + limb | _membro_ | mehm'bro + lip | _lipo_ | lee'po + liver | _hepato_ | heh-pah'toh + lungs | _pulmoj_ | pool'moy + moustache | _lipharoj_ | leep-hah'roy + mouth | _busxo_ | boo'sho + nail | _ungo_ | oon'go + neck | _kolo_ | ko'lo + nose | _nazo_ | nah'zo + shoulder | _sxultro_ | shool'tro + side | _flanko_ | flahn'ko + skin | _hauxto_ | hahw'toh + spine | _spino_ | spee'no + stomach | _stomako_ | sto-mah'ko + temple | _tempio_ | tehmpee'oh + throat | _gorgxo_ | gohrr'jo + thumb | _dika fingro_ | dee'kah feen'gro + toe | _piedfingro_ | pee-ehd-feen'gro + tongue | _lango_ | lahn'go + tooth | _dento_ | dehn'toh + whiskers | _vangharoj_ | vahng-hah'roy + wrist | _karpeo_ | kahrr-peh'o + + +12. Physical & Mental Powers, Qualities, etc. (_Korpaj kaj Mensaj +Kapabloj, Ecoj, k.t.p._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Age | _agxo_ | ah'jo + --, old | _maljuneco_ | mahl-yoon-eht'so + anger | _kolero_ | ko-leh'ro + art | _arto_ | ahrr'toh + breadth, width | _largxeco_ | lahrr-jeht'so + character | _karaktero_ | kar-ahk-teh'ro + childhood | _infaneco_ | infahn-eht'so + depth | _profundeco_ | pro-foon-deht'so + dislike | _malameti_ | mah-lah-meh'tee + emotions | _emocioj_ | eh-moht-see'oy + fear | _timo_ | tee'mo + foolishness, folly | _malsagxeco_ | mahl-sah-jeht'so + gentleness | _mildeco_ | meel-deht'so + goodness | _boneco_ | bo-neht'so + greatness | _grandeco_ | grahn-deht'so + hatred | _malamo_ | mahl-ah'mo + height | _grandeco_ | grahn-deht'so + stature | _staturo_ | stah-too'ro + honesty; | _honesteco; mal-_ | honest-eht'so; mahl- + dishonesty | | + honour; dishonour | _honoro; mal-_ | ho-noh'ro; mahl- + intellect | _intelekto_ | intelehk'toh + intelligence | _inteligenteco_ | intehlee-ghen-teht'so + joy | _gxojo_ | joh'yo + judgment (faculty) | _jugxkapablo_ | yooj'kah-pah'blo + knowledge | _scio_ | stsee'oh + laughter; a laugh | _ridado; rido_ | ree-dah'doh; ree'doh + learning | _klereco_ | klehr-eht'so + length | _longeco_ | lohn-geht'so + love | _amo_ | ah'mo + manhood | _vireco_ | veer-eht'so + mind | _menso_ | mehn'so + patience | _pacienco_ | paht-see-ehnt'so + pleasure | _plezuro_ | pleh-zoor'o + politeness, | _gxentileco_ | jehn-tee-leht'so + courtesy | | + reason (faculty) | _prudento_ | proo-dehn'toh + science | _scienco_ | stsee-ehnt'so + senses, the | _la sentoj_ | lah sehn'toy + feeling, touch | _palpado_ | pahl-pah'doh + hearing | _auxdado_ | ahw-dah'doh + seeing, sight | _vidado_ | vee-dah'doh + smelling, smell | _flarado_ | flah-rah'do + tasting, taste | _gustumado_ | goostoom-ah'doh + shape | _formo_ | fohrr'mo + size | _amplekso_ | ahm-plek'so + smell (odour) | _odoro_ | oh-doh'ro + smiling; a smile | _ridetado; rideto_ | reedehtah'do; + | | reedeh'toh + sneezing; a sneeze | _ternado; terno_ | tehrr-nah'doh; tehrr'no + sorrow | _malgxojo_ | mahl-jo'yo + speaking, speech | _parolado_ | pah-ro-lah'doh + strength | _forteco_ | fohrr-teht'so + stupidity | _stulteco_ | stool-teht'so + surprise | _surprizo_ | soorr-pree'zo + taste (of a thing) | _gusto_ | goos'toh + thickness | _dikeco_ | dee-keht'so + thinking, thought | _pensado_ | pehn-sah'doh + thought, a | _penso_ | pehn'so + voice | _vocxo_ | vo'cho + weakness (quality) | _malforteco_ | mahl-fohrr-teht'so + wisdom | _sagxo_ | sah'jo + womanhood | _virineco_ | vee-ree-neht'so + youth (quality) | _juneco_ | yoo-neht'so + + +13. Health. (_La Sano._) + +(For Conversations see §. 51.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Accident | _akcidento_ | ahkt-see-dehn'toh + ambulance | _ambulanco_ | ahm-boo-lahnt'so + bandage | _bandagxo_ | bahn-dah'jo + biliousness | _galmalsano_ | gahl-mahl-sah'no + blister | _veziketo_ | veh-zee-keh'toh + bruise | _kontuzo_ | kon-too'zo + burn | _brulvundo_ | brool-voon'doh + chemist's (shop) | _apoteko_ | ahpo-teh'ko + chilblain | _frostabsceso_ | frohst-ahbs-tseh'so + chill, cold | _malvarmumo_ | mahl-vahr-moo'mo + contagion | _kontagxio_ | kon-tahjee'o + corns | _kaloj_ | kah'loy + cough | _tuso_ | too'so + cramp | _krampfo_ | krahmp'fo + dentist | _dentisto_ | dehn-tis'toh + diarrhoea | _lakso_ | lahk'so + diet | _dieto_ | dee-eht'o + disease, illness | _malsano_ | mahl-sah'no + doctor | _kuracisto_ | koo-raht-sis'toh + dysentery | _disenterio_ | dis-ehn-teh-ree'o + exercise | _ekzercado_ | ek-zehrt-sah'do + exhaustion | _ellacigxo_ | ellaht-see'jo + to faint | _sveni_ | sveh'nee + fainting | _sveno_ | sveh'no + fever | _febro_ | feh'bro + fit | _atako (epilepsia)_ | ah-tah'ko + | | (eh-peelep-see'ah) + fracture | _ostrompo_ | ost-rohm'po + gout | _podagro_ | po-dah'gro + headache | _kapdoloro_ | kahp-dolohr'o + hospital | _hospitalo_ | hospit-ah'lo + ill, sick | _malsana_ | mahl-sah'nah + indigestion | _dispepsio_ | dis-pep-see'o + inflammation | _inflamo_ | inflah'mo + lame | _lama_ | lah'ma + medicine | _medicino_ | med-eet-see'no + nurse | _flegistino_ | fleh-ghis-tee'no + ointment | _ungvento_ | oong-vehn'toh + operation | _operacio_ | oh-peh-raht-see'o + pain | _doloro_ | doh-lohr'o + paralysis | _paralizo_ | pa-rah-lee'zo + physician | _medicinisto_ | mehdit-seen-eest'o + pill | _pilolo_ | pee-lo'lo + poison | _veneno_ | veh-neh'no + poultice | _kataplasmo_ | kah-tah-plahs'mo + prescription | _recepto_ | reht-sep'toh + rest | _ripozado_ | ree-po-zah'doh + scald | _brogo_ | broh'go + sea-sickness | _marmalsano_ | mahr-mahl-sah'no + sprain | _tordvundo_ | tohrd-voon'doh + sting | _pikvundo_ | peek-voon'doh + tonic | _stimulilo_ | stimoolee'lo + unwell, to be | _farti malbone_ | fahrr'tee mahlbo'neh + well, to be | _farti bone_ | fahrr'tee bo'neh + wound | _vundo_ | voon'doh + + +14. Food & Drink. (_Mangxajxoj kaj Trinkajxoj._) + +(For Conversations see §§. 48-50.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Appetite | _apetito_ | ah-peh-tee'toh + beverages | _trinkajxoj_ | trin-kah'zhoy + beer | _biero_ | bee-ehr'o + chocolate | _cxokolado_ | cho-ko-lah'doh + cocoa | _kakao_ | kah-kah'o + coffee | _kafo_ | kah'fo + lemonade | _citronakvo_ | tsee-trohn-ahk'vo + milk | _lakto_ | lahk'toh + soda water | _sodakvo_ | sohd-ahk'vo + tea | _teo_ | teh'o + water | _akvo_ | ahk'vo + wine | _vino_ | vee'no + bill-of-fare | _mangxokarto_ | mahn'jo-kahr'toh + biscuits | _biskvitoj_ | bisk-vee'toy + bread | _pano_ | pah'no + brown bread | _bruna pano_ | broo'nah pah'no + new bread | _fresxa pano_ | freh'shah pah'no + stale bread | _malfresxa pano_ | mahl-freh'shah pah'no + rolls | _bulkoj_ | bool'koy + hot roll | _varma bulko_ | vahr'mah bool'ko + boiled | _bolkuirita_ | bohl'koo-eeree'tah + bottle | _botelo_ | boh-teh'lo + butter | _butero_ | boo-tehr'o + cake | _kuko_ | koo'ko + cheese | _fromagxo_ | fro-mah'jo + chicken | _kokidajxo_ | koh-keed-ah'zho + cinnamon | _cinamo_ | tsee-nah'mo + cooked; un- | _kuirita; ne-_ | koo-eeree'tah; neh- + cream | _kremo_ | kreh'mo + custard | _flano_ | flah'no + dessert | _deserto_ | deh-sehr'toh + eggs | _ovoj_ | oh'voy + fish, dried | _sekigita fisxo_ | seh-kee-ghee'tah + | | fee'sho + --, fresh | _fresxa fisxo_ | freh'shah fee'sho + flour | _faruno_ | fah-roo'no + fowl | _kokajxo_ | koh-kah'zho + fruits | _fruktoj_ | frook'toy + ginger | _zingibro_ | zin-ghee'bro + honey | _mielo_ | mee-eh'lo + hunger | _malsato_ | mahl-sah'toh + ice, an | _glaciajxo_ | glahtsee-ah'zho + jam, preserve | _konfitajxo_ | konfee-tah'zho + marmalade | _marmelado_ | mahr-meh-lah'do + meals | _mangxoj_ | mahn'joy + breakfast | _matenmangxo_ | maht-ehn-mahn'jo + dinner | _cxefmangxo_ | chehf-mahn'jo + luncheon | _luncxo_ | loon'cho + tea | _teomangxo_ | teh'o-mahn'jo + supper | _vespermangxo_ | vespehr-mahn'jo + meat | _viando_ | vee-ahn'doh + bacon | _lardo_ | lahr'doh + beef | _bovajxo_ | bo-vah'zho + beefsteak | _bifsteko_ | beef-steh'ko + fat | _graso_ | grah'so + ham | _sxinko_ | sheen'ko + kidneys | _renoj_ | reh'noy + lamb | _sxafidajxo_ | shah-feedah'zho + lean | _malgraso_ | mahl-grah'so + mutton | _sxafajxo_ | shah-fah'zho + mutton cutlet | _sxafkotletoj_ | shahf'kot-leh'toy + pork | _porkajxo_ | pohrr-kah'zho + sausage | _kolbaso_ | kohl-bah'so + veal | _bovidajxo_ | bo-veed-ah'zho + mustard | _mustardo_ | moos-tahr'doh + oil | _oleo_ | o-leh'o + omelet, an | _omeleto_ | oh-meh-leh'toh + pancake | _krespo_ | kreh'spo + pastry | _kukajxoj_ | koo-kah'zhoy + pepper | _pipro_ | pee'pro + pie | _pastecxo_ | pahs-teh'cho + poultry | _kortbirdajxo_ | kort-beerr-dah'zho + pudding | _pudingo_ | poo-deen'go + rice | _rizo_ | ree'zo + roast(ed) | _rostita_ | roh-stee'tah + salad | _salato_ | sah-laht'o + salt | _salo_ | sah'lo + sauce, gravy | _sauxco_ | sahwt'so + smoking | _fumado_ | foo-mah'doh + cigar | _cigaro_ | tsee-gahr'o + cigarette | _cigaredo_ | tsee-gahr-eh'doh + matches | _alumetoj_ | ahloo-meh'toy + pipe | _pipo_ | pee'po + tobacco | _tabako_ | tah-bah'ko + tobacco-pouch | _tabakujo_ | tah-bah-koo'yo + soup | _supo_ | soo'po + sugar | _sukero_ | soo-kehr'o + sweets | _dolcxajxoj_ | dohl-chah'zhoy + thirst | _soifo_ | so-eef'o + toothpick | _dentpurigilo_ | dent'pooree-ghee'lo + under-done | _ne elkuirita_ | neh elkoo-eeree'tah + vegetables | _legomoj_ | leh-go'moy + vinegar | _vinagro_ | vee-nah'gro + well-done | _elkuirita_ | el-koo-eeree'tah + + +15. Cooking & Table Utensils. (_Kuiraj kaj Mangxaj Iloj._) + +(For Conversations See §§. 48-50.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Basin | _pelvo_ | pehl'vo + coffee-pot | _kafpoto_ | kahf-po'toh + corkscrew | _korktirilo_ | kork-teeree'lo + cruet-stand | _kondimentujo_ | kondimehntoo'yo + cup | _taso_ | tah'so + decanter | _karafo_ | kah-rah'fo + dish | _plado_ | plah'do + dish-cover | _pladkovrilo_ | plahd'ko-vree'lo + filter | _filtrilo_ | fil-tree'lo + fork | _forko_ | fohrr'ko + frying-pan | _pato_ | pah'toh + glass, tumbler | _glaso_ | glah'so + grill | _rostokrado_ | ro'sto-krah'doh + jug | _krucxo_ | kroo'cho + kettle | _bolilo_ | bo-lee'lo + knife | _trancxilo_ | trahn-chee'lo + lid | _kovrilo_ | ko-vree'lo + mat | _mato_ | mah'toh + nut-crackers | _nuksrompilo_ | nooks-rompee'lo + oven | _bakforno_ | bahk-fohr'no + plate | _telero_ | teleh'ro + salt-cellar | _salujo_ | sah-loo'yo + saucepan | _kaserolo_ | kah-sehr-oh'lo + saucer | _tastelero_ | tahss-teleh'ro + serviette | _busxtuko_ | boosh-too'ko + (soup-)ladle | _(sup)kulerego_ | (soop')koo-lehr-eh'go + spoon | _kulero_ | koo-leh'ro + stove | _forno_ | fohrr'no + strainer | _kribrokulero_ | kree'bro-koo-leh'ro + table-cloth | _tablotuko_ | tah'blo-too'ko + teapot | _te-poto_ | teh-po'toh + tea-spoon | _te-kulero_ | teh-kooleh'ro + tray | _pleto_ | pleh'toh + water-bottle | _akvokarafo_ | ahk'vo-karah'fo + wine-glass | _vinglaso_ | veen-glah'so + + +16. Dress & the Toilet. (_La Vestoj kaj la Tualeto._) + +(See also Washing List, following, and Conversations §. 53-56.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Bath | _bano_ | bah'no + bodice | _korsajxo_ | kor-sah'zho + bonnet | _kufo_ | koo'fo + bootlaces | _lacxoj_ | lah'choy + boots | _botoj_ | bo'toy + bow | _banto_ | bahn'toh + bracelet | _braceleto_ | braht-seh-leht'o + braces | _sxelko_ | shehl'ko + breeches | _pantaloneto_ | pahn-tah-lo-neh'toh + brooch | _brocxo_ | bro'cho + brush | _broso_ | bro'so + brush, clothes- | _vestbroso_ | vest-bro'so + --, nail- | _ungobroso_ | oon'go-bro'so + --, tooth- | _dentbroso_ | dent-bro'so + buckle | _buko_ | boo'ko + button | _butono_ | boo-to'no + button-hook | _butontirilo_ | boo-tohn'tee-ree'lo + cap | _cxapeto_ | cha-peh'toh + cloak | _mantelo_ | mahn-teh'lo + clothing, dress | _vestajxo_ | vestah'zho + coat | _vesto_ | veh'sto + comb | _kombilo_ | kohm-bee'lo + corsets, stays | _korseto_ | kor-seh'toh + dress, gown | _robo_ | ro'bo + evening dress | _frako_ | frah'ko + eye-glasses | _nazumo_ | na-zoo'mo + frock-coat | _redingoto_ | red-ingo'toh + gaiters | _gamasxoj_ | gah-mah'shoy + garters | _sxtrumpligiloj_ | shtroom-plee-ghee'loy + gloves | _gantoj_ | gahn'toy + hairpin | _harpinglo_ | har-peen'glo + hat | _cxapelo_ | chahpeh'lo + hatpin | _cxapelpinglo_ | chapehl-peen'glo + jacket | _jako_ | yah'ko + jewellery | _juveloj_ | yoo-veh'loy + knot | _nodo_ | no'do + linen | _tolajxo_ | to-lah'zho + lining | _subsxtofo_ | soob-shtoh'fo + looking-glass, | _spegulo_ | speh-goo'lo + mirror | | + material (dress, | _sxtofo_ | shtoh'fo + etc.) | | + calico | _kalikoto_ | kahlee-ko'toh + cloth | _drapo_ | drah'po + cotton | _katuno_ | kahtoo'no + crape | _krepo_ | kreh'po + flannel | _flanelo_ | flahneh'lo + flannelette | _flaneleto_ | flahneh-leh'toh + fur | _pelto_ | pehl'toh + lace | _punto_ | poon'toh + leather | _ledo_ | leh'doh + linen | _tolo_ | toh'lo + muslin | _muslino_ | mooss-lee'no + print | _katuno_ | kahtoo'no + satin | _atlaso_ | ahtlah'so + silk | _silko_ | seel'ko + velvet | _veluro_ | vel-oor'o + velveteen | _felpo_ | fehl'po + wool | _lano_ | lah'no + morning-coat | _jxako_ | zhah'ko + muff | _mufo_ | moo'fo + needle | _kudrilo_ | koo-dree'lo + overcoat | _palto_ | pahl'toh + parasol | _sunombrelo_ | soon-ombreh'lo + petticoat | _subjupo_ | soob-yoo'po + pins | _pingloj_ | peen'gloy + pocket | _posxo_ | po'sho + pocket-book | _posxlibro_ | pohsh-lee'bro + purse | _monujo_ | mo-noo'yo + razor | _razilo_ | rahzee'lo + ribbon | _rubando_ | roo-bahn'doh + ring | _ringo_ | reen'go + scissors | _tondilo_ | tohndee'loh + sewing-cotton | _kotonfadeno_ | ko-tohn'fah-deh'no + sewing-silk | _silkfadeno_ | silk-fahdeh'no + shawl | _sxalo_ | shah'lo + shoe-horn | _sxukorno_ | shoo-kohr'no + shoes | _sxuoj_ | shoo'oy + skirt | _jupo_ | yoo'po + sleeve | _maniko_ | mah-nee'ko + slippers | _pantofloj_ | pahn-toh'floy + soap | _sapo_ | sah'po + spectacles | _okulvitroj_ | okool-vee'troy + sponge | _spongo_ | spohn'go + stud | _kolumbutono_ | koloom'boo-toh'no + suit (clothes) | _kompleto_ | kom-pleh'toh + tape | _rubandeto_ | roobahn-deh'toh + thimble | _fingringo_ | fin-green'go + thread | _fadeno_ | fah-deh'no + tie, neck-tie | _kravato_ | krah-vah'toh + tooth-powder | _dentpulvoro_ | dent-pool-vo'ro + trousers | _pantalono_ | pahn-tahlo'no + tunic | _tuniko_ | too-nee'ko + umbrella | _pluvombrelo_ | ploov-ombreh'lo + veil | _vualo_ | voo-ah'lo + waistcoat | _vesxto_ | vesh'toh + walking-stick | _irbastono_ | eer-bah-sto'no + watch | _posxhorlogxo_ | pohsh-horlo'jo + waterproof (coat) | _pluvmantelo_ | ploov-mahn-teh'lo + + +17. Washing List. (_Lavlisto._) + +(For Conversations see §. 56.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Aprons | _antauxtukoj_ | ahn'tahw-too'koy + blankets | _lanaj litkovriloj_ | lah'nahy + | | leet'ko-vree'loy + blouses | _bluzoj_ | bloo'zoy + bodices | _korsajxoj_ | kohr-sah'zhoy + chemises | _cxemizoj virinaj_ | cheh-mee'zoy + | | vee-reen'ahy + collars, lace | _puntaj kolumoj_ | poon'tahy ko-loo'moy + collars, linen | _tolaj kolumoj_ | to'lahy ko-loo'moy + combinations | _kombinajxoj_ | kom-been-ah'zhoy + cuffs | _manumoj_ | mah-noo'moy + drawers, pairs of | _kalsonoj_ | kahl-so'noy + dresses | _roboj_ | ro'boy + dressing-gowns | _negligxroboj_ | neh-gleej-ro'boy + dusters | _visxtukoj_ | veesh-too'koy + handkerchiefs, | _naztukoj_ | nahz-too'koy + pocket | | + --, silk | _silkaj naztukoj_ | seel'kahy nahz-too'koy + napkins (child's) | _tuketoj_ | tookeh'toy + neckties | _kravatoj_ | krahvah'toy + night-shirts, | _noktocxemizoj_ | nok'toh-cheh-mee'zoy + -dresses | | + flannel petticoats | _flanelaj subjupoj_ | flaneh'lahy soobyoo'poy + pillow-cases | _kapkuseningoj_ | kahp'koo-seh-neen'goy + pinafores | _antauxtuketoj_ | ahn'tahw-too-keh'toy + pyjamas (suits) | _pigxamoj_ | pee-jah'moy + serviettes | _busxtukoj_ | boosh-too'koy + sheets | _littukoj_ | leet-too'koy + shirts | _cxemizoj viraj_ | cheh-mee'zoy veer'ahy + sleeves | _manikoj_ | mah-nee'koy + socks | _sxtrumpetoj_ | shtroom-peh'toy + stockings | _sxtrumpoj_ | shtroom'poy + silk stockings | _silkaj sxtrumpoj_ | seel'kahy shtroom'poy + table-cloths | _tablotukoj_ | tah'blo-too'koy + towels | _manvisxiloj_ | mahn-vee-shee'loy + under-vests | _kamizoloj_ | kah-mee-zo'loy + waistcoats | _vesxtoj_ | vesh'toy + --, flannel | _flanelaj vesxtoj_ | fla-neh'lahy vesh'toy + + +18. The House and Furniture. (_La Domo kaj la Meblaro._) + +(For Shopping see §. 53.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Ante-room | _antauxcxambro_ | ahn'tahw-chahm'bro + armchair | _braksegxo_ | brahk-seh'jo + ashes | _cindro_ | tseen'dro + ash-pan | _cindrujo_ | tsin-droo'yo + attic | _mansardo_ | mahn-sahrr'doh + basket | _korbo_ | kohrr'bo + bathroom | _bancxambro_ | bahn-chahm'bro + bedstead, bed | _lito_ | lee'toh + bedroom | _dormocxambro_ | dohr'mo-chahm'bro + bell | _sonorilo_ | so-no-ree'lo + blind | _rulkurteno_ | rool-koor-teh'no + bolster | _transkuseno_ | trahns-koo-seh'no + bolt | _riglilo_ | reeglee'lo + book | _libro_ | lee'bro + book-case | _librosxranko_ | lee'bro-shrahn'ko + book-shelf | _librobreto_ | lee'bro-breh'toh + box | _skatolo_ | skah-toh'lo + bracket | _krampobreto_ | krahmpo-breh'toh + brick | _briko_ | bree'ko + broom | _balailo_ | ba-la-ee'lo + burner | _flamingo_ | flah-meen'go + candle | _kandelo_ | kahn-deh'lo + candlestick | _kandelingo_ | kahn-deh-leen'go + carpet | _tapisxo_ | tah-pee'sho + ceiling | _plafono_ | plah-fo'no + cellar | _kelo_ | keh'lo + chair, seat | _segxo_ | seh'jo + chamber-utensil | _necesujo_ | neht-seh-soo'yo + chandelier, lustre | _lustro_ | loo'stro + chest of drawers | _tirkestaro_ | teer'kest-ah'ro + clock | _horlogxo_ | hohrr-lo'jo + coals | _karbo_ | kahrr'bo + couch | _kanapo_ | kah-nah'po + counterpane | _litkovrilo_ | leet'ko-vree'lo + court-yard | _korto_ | kohr'toh + cradle | _lulilo_ | loo-lee'lo + cupboard | _sxranko_ | shrahn'ko + curtain | _kurteno_ | koor-teh'no + cushion | _kuseno_ | koo-seh'no + dining-room | _mangxocxambro_ | mahn'jo-chahm'bro + dinner-waggon | _telertablo_ | telehr-tah'blo + door | _pordo_ | pohrr'doh + door-handle | _anso_ | ahn'so + drawing-room | _akcepta salono_ | ahk-tsep'tah sah-lo'no + dresser | _telermeblo_ | telehr-meh'blo + feather-bed | _plumlito_ | ploom-lee'toh + fender | _fajrbarilo_ | fire-bah-ree'lo + fire | _fajro_ | fah'y-ro (fire-oh) + fire-place | _fajrejo_ | fahy-reh'yo + flame | _flamo_ | flah'mo + floor | _planko_ | plahn'ko + floor, story | _etagxo_ | ehtah'jo + footstool | _skabelo_ | skah-beh'lo + furniture, piece | _meblo_ | meh'blo + of | | + garden | _gxardeno_ | jahr-deh'no + gas | _gaso_ | gah'so + gas-bracket | _gas-brako_ | gahss-brah'ko + grate | _fajrujo_ | fahy-roo'yo + hall (entrance) | _vestiblo_ | vestee'blo + hand-basin | _lavujo_ | lah-voo'yo + (hearth-)rug | _(kamen)tapisxeto_ | (kah-mehn') + | | tah-pee-sheh'toh + house | _domo_ | doh'mo + key | _sxlosilo_ | shlo-see'lo + kitchen | _kuirejo_ | koo-ee-reh'yo + lamp | _lampo_ | lahm'po + landing | _etagx-placeto_ | ehtahj'plaht'seh'toh + larder | _mangxajxejo_ | mahn-jah-zheh'yo + latch | _levriglilo_ | lehv-reeglee'lo + library | _biblioteko_ | bib-lee-o-teh'ko + linoleum | _linolo_ | lee-no'lo + lock | _seruro_ | seh-roo'ro + mantel-piece | _kamenbreto_ | kah-mehn'breh'toh + mat | _mato_ | mah'toh + mattress | _matraco_ | maht-raht'so + oil-cloth | _vakstolo_ | vahks-toh'lo + ornament | _ornamo_ | ohr-nah'mo + passage | _trairejo_ | trah-eer-eh'yo + piano | _fortepiano_ | fohrr-teh-pee-ah'no + picture | _bildo_ | beel'doh + pillow | _kapkuseno_ | kahp'koo-seh'no + poker | _fajrincitilo_ | fire-int-sit-ee'lo + porch | _portiko_ | pohr-tee'ko + rack (for dishes, | _rauxfo_ | rahw'fo + &c.) | | + roof | _tegmento_ | teg-mehn'toh + room | _cxambro_ | chahm'bro + screen | _skreno_ | skreh'no + scullery | _vazlavejo_ | vahz'lah-veh'yo + shovel | _sxovelilo_ | sho-veh-lee'lo + sideboard | _bufedo_ | boo-feh'do + sink | _pladlavujo_ | plahd-lah-voo'yo + smoke | _fumo_ | foo'mo + sofa | _sofo_ | so'fo + soot | _fulgo_ | fool'go + spark | _fajrero_ | fahy-reh'ro + staircase | _sxtuparo_ | shtoo-pahr'o + stairs, steps | _la sxtupoj_ | lah shtoo'poy + suite (of rooms) | _apartamento_ | ahpahrr-tah-mehn'toh + table | _tablo_ | tah'blo + tapestry | _tapeto_ | tah-peh'toh + tile (of roof) | _tegolo_ | teh-go'lo + umbrella-stand | _ombrelujo_ | ohm-breh-loo'yo + vase | _vazo_ | vah'zo + wall | _muro_ | moo'ro + wall-paper | _murpapero_ | moor-pa-peh'roh + water-closet | _necesejo_ | neht-seh-seh'yo + (w.c.) | | + window | _fenestro_ | fen-eh'stro + writing-desk | _pupitro_ | poo-pee'tro + + +19. Travelling: By Road & Rail. (_La Vojagxado: per Vojo kaj Fervojo._) + +(For Conversations, see §. 42.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Arrival | _alveno_ | ahl-veh'no + bill | _kalkulo_ | kahl-koo'lo + booking-office | _biletejo_ | beeleht-eh'yo + box (of carriage) | _konduksegxo_ | kondook-seh'jo + brake | _bremso_ | brehm'so + bridle | _brido_ | bree'doh + cabman, coachman | _veturigisto_ | vehtoo-ree-ghist'o + carriage | _kalesxo_ | kahleh'sho + change, to | _vagonsxangxi_ | vah-gohn-shahn'jee + cloak-room | _deponejo_ | deh-po-neh'yo + coach | _diligxenco_ | dee-lee-jehnt'so + coffee-room | _kafejo_ | kah-feh'yo + communication-cord | _dangxersxnuro_ | dahn-jehr-shnoor'o + compartment | _kupeo_ | koo-peh'o + conductor | _konduktoro_ | kon-dooktoh'ro + cushion | _kuseno_ | koo-seh'no + custom-house | _dogano_ | doh-gah'no + custom-house | _doganisto_ | doh-gah-nist'o + officer | | + departure | _ekveturo_ | ek-vehtoo'ro + electric, | _elektra_ | eh-lehk'tra + electrical | | + electricity | _elektro_ | eh-lehk'tro + embankment (rail.) | _taluso_ | tah-loo'so + engine | _lokomotivo_ | lo-komo-tee'vo + entrance | _enirejo_ | eneer-eh'yo + excursion | _ekskurso_ | eks-koorr'so + exit | _elirejo_ | ehleer-eh'yo + express (train) | _ekspreso_ | eks-preh'so + fare | _veturprezo_ | vehtoor-preh'zo + fast train | _rapidira vagonaro_ | rahpee-dee'rah + | | vahgo-nah'ro + foot-warmer | _piedvarmigilo_ | pee-ehd'vahrmee-ghee'lo + full | _plena_ | pleh'na + guide | _gvidisto_ | gvee-dist'o + guide-book | _gvidlibro_ | gveed'lee'bro + hansom-cab | _fiakro_ | fee-ah'kro + hat-box | _cxapelujo_ | chah-peh-loo'yo + hotel | _hotelo_ | ho-teh'lo + inside (of | _interno_ | in-tehr'no + vehicle) | | + interpreter | _interpretisto_ | intehr-preh-tist'o + journey | _vojagxo_ | vo-yah'jo + journey (train, | _veturo_ | vehtoo'ro + etc.) | | + junction | _vojkunigxo_ | voy'koonee'jo + key | _sxlosilo_ | shlo-see'lo + label | _etikedo_ | eh-tikeh'doh + landlady | _mastrino_ | mah-stree'no + landlord | _mastro_ | mah'stro + lavatory | _lavejo_ | lah-veh'yo + lodging | _logxejo_ | lo-jeh'yo + luggage | _pakajxoj_ | pah-kah'zhoy + motor | _motoro_ | mo-tohr'o + motor 'bus | _motorbuso_ | mo-tohr-boo'so + motor-car | _auxtomobilo_ | ahw-toh-mo-bee'lo + omnibus | _omnibuso_ | omnee-boo'so + outside (of | _imperialo_ | impeh-ree-ah'lo + vehicle) | | + package | _pakajxo_ | pah-kah'zho + payment | _pago_ | pah'go + platform | _fervoja perono_ | fehr-vo'yah peh-ro'no + porter | _portisto_ | pohr-tist'o + portmanteau | _valizo_ | vah-lee'zo + rack (for parcels, | _rauxfo_ | rah'w-fo + &c.) | | + railway | _fervojo_ | fehr-vo'jo + railway-carriage | _vagono_ | vah-go'no + railway-station | _fervoja stacio_ | fehr-vo'yah + | | staht-see'oh + receipt | _kvitanco_ | kvitahnt'so + reins | _kondukiloj, | kondoo-kee'loy, + | gvidrimenoj_ | gveed'ri-meh'noy + reserved | _rezervita_ | rehzehr-vee'ta + rug | _tegilo_ | teh-ghee'lo + saddle | _selo_ | seh'lo + seat | _loko_ | lo'ko + signal | _signalo_ | seeg-nah'lo + start, the | _la ekveturo_ | la ek-veh-too'ro + station-master | _staciestro_ | staht-see-est'ro + strap | _rimeno_ | ree-meh'no + terminus | _finstacio_ | feen-staht-see'oh + ticket | _bileto_ | beeleh'toh + time-table | _veturhoraro_ | vehtoor'horah'ro + tour | _rondvojagxo_ | rohnd-voyah'jo + tourist | _turist-o, -ino_ | toor-ist'o, -ee'no + track | _relvojo_ | rehl-vo'yo + train | _vagonaro_ | vah-go-nah'ro + tram-car | _tramveturilo_ | trahm'vehtoor-ee'lo + tramway | _tramvojo_ | trahm-vo'yo + travel, to (train, | _veturi_ | vehtoo'ree + &c.) | | + trunk | _kofro_ | ko'fro + tube (railway) | _tubfervojo_ | toob-fehr-vo'yo + tunnel | _tunelo_ | too-neh'lo + underground | _subtera_ | soob-teh'rah + valise, hand-bag | _valizeto_ | vah-leezeh'toh + waiter | _kelnero_ | kel-nehr'o + waiting-room | _atendejo_ | ahtehn-deh'yo + + +20. Travelling: by Ship. (_Marveturado._) + +(For Conversations see §. 43.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Alongside, to come | _albordigxi_ | ahlbohrdee'jee + anchor | _ankro_ | ahn'kro + berth | _dormujo_ | dorr-moo'yo + boat | _boato_ | bo-ah'toh + boiler | _kaldrono_ | kahl-dro'no + bow | _antauxo_ | antah'wo + buoy | _buo_ | boo'oh + cabin | _kajuto_ | kah-yoo'toh + cable | _kablo_ | kah-blo + captain | _kapitano_ | kahpee-tah'no + compass | _kompaso_ | kom-pah'so + crane | _argano_ | ahrrgah'no + crew | _sxipanaro_ | sheepah-nah'ro + deck | _ferdeko_ | fehr-deh'ko + disembark | _elsxipigxi_ | el-shipee'jee + dock | _doko_ | do'ko + to embark | _ensxipigxi_ | en-shipee'jee + engineer | _masxinisto_ | mahshee-nist'o + fishing-boat | _fisxbarko_ | feesh-bahr'ko + flag | _flago_ | flah'go + gangway | _pasponteto_ | pahss'pon-teh'toh + harbour, port | _haveno_ | hahveh'no + helm, rudder | _direktilo_ | deerek-tee'lo + hold | _holdo_ | hohl'do + to land | _surterigxi_ | soortehr-ee'jee + landing-stage, | _ensxipigxejo_ | en-shipee-jeh'yo + pier | | + life-belt | _savzono_ | sahv-zo'no + life-boat | _savsxipo_ | sahv-shee'po + lighthouse | _lumturo_ | loom-toor'o + mast | _masto_ | mah'sto + oar | _remilo_ | reh-mee'lo + paddle-wheel | _padelrado_ | pah-dehl-rah'doh + passenger | _pasagxero_ | pah-sah-jehr'o + pilot | _piloto_ | pee-loh'toh + port-hole | _fenestreto_ | fehneh-streh'toh + quay | _kajo_ | kah'yo + rope | _sxnuro_ | shnoor'o + sail | _velo_ | veh'lo + sailing-ship | _velsxipo_ | vehl-shee'po + saloon, first | _unua klaso_ | oonoo'ah klah'so + class | | + screw-propeller | _pelsxrauxbo, helico_ | pehl-shrahw'bo, + | | heh-leet'so + seaman, sailor | _maristo_ | mahr-ist'o + ship | _sxipo_ | shee'po + start, to | _ekveturi_ | ek-vehtoor'ee + steam-boat, -ship | _vaporsxipo_ | vahpohr-shee'po + steerage, third | _tria klaso_ | tree'ah klah'so + class | | + steersman | _direktilisto_ | deerek-tee-list'o + stern | _posto_ | post'o + steward | _provizisto_ | pro-vee-zist'o + stewardess | _servistino_ | sehr-vis-tee'no + tug | _trensxipo_ | trehn-shee'po + voyage | _vojagxo_ | vo-yah'jo + + +21. Countries & Nations.[4] (_Landoj kaj Nacioj._) + + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Africa | _Afriko_ | ah-free'ko + America | _Ameriko_ | ah-mehree'ko + American | _Amerikano_ | ah-mehree-kah'no + Asia | _Azio_ | ah-zee'oh + Australia | _Auxstralio_ | ahw-strahlee'oh + Austria | _Auxstrio_ | ahw-stree'oh + Belgium | _Belgujo_ | belhgoo'yo + Canada | _Kanado_ | kahnah'doh + China | _Hxinujo_ | _kh_eenoo'yo + Chinese, the | _la Hxinoj_ | la _kh_ee'noy + Denmark | _Danujo_ | dahnoo'yo + Dutchman | _Holandano_ | holahn-dah'no + empire | _imperio_ | impeh-ree'oh + England | _Anglujo_ | ahn-gloo'yo + English, the | _la Angloj_ | la ahn'gloy + Englishman | _Anglo_ | ahn'glo + Europe | _Euxropo_ | ehw-ro'po + France | _Francujo_ | frahnt-soo'yo + French, the | _la Francoj_ | la frahnt'soy + Frenchman | _Franco_ | frahnt'so + German | _Germano_ | ghehrr-mah'no + Germany | _Germanujo_ | ghehrr-mahnoo'yo + Holland | _Holando_ | holahn'doh + India | _Indio_ | indee'oh + Ireland | _Irlando_ | eerrlahn'doh + Irish, the | _la Irlandanoj_ | la eerrlahn-dah'noy + Irishman | _Irlandano_ | eerlahn-dah'no + Italian | _Italo_ | eetah'lo + Italy | _Italujo_ | eetahloo'yo + Japan | _Japanujo_ | yah-pahnoo'yo + Japanese, the | _la Japanoj_ | la yahpah'noy + kingdom | _regno_ | rehg'no + Norway | _Norvegujo_ | norrveh-goo'yo + republic | _respubliko_ | rehspooblee'ko + Russia | _Rusujo_ | roosoo'yo + Scotland | _Skotujo_ | sko-too'yo + Scotch, the | _la Skotoj_ | la sko'toy + Scotchman | _Skoto_ | sko'to + Spain | _Hispanujo_ | hispah-noo'yo + United States, the | _la Unuigitaj Sxtatoj_ | la oonooee-ghee'tahy + | | shtah'toy + Sweden | _Svedujo_ | svehdoo'yo + Switzerland | _Svisujo_ | svisoo'yo + Turkey | _Turkujo_ | toorkoo'yo + Wales | _Kimrujo_ | kimroo'yo + Welsh, the | _la Kimroj_ | la kim'roy + + +22. Recreation and Amusement. (_La Ludado kaj Amuzado._) + +(For Conversations see §. 57.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Ball (dance) | _balo_ | bah'lo + balloon | _balono_ | bahloh'no + balloonist | _aerostatisto_ | ah-ehro-stah-tist'o + circus | _cirko_ | tseerr'ko + concert | _koncerto_ | kont-sehr'toh + accompanist | _akompanist-o, -ino_ | ahkompah-nist'o, -ee'no + audience | _auxdantaro_ | ahwdahn-tah'ro + bass | _baso_ | bah'so + chorus (singers) | _hxoro_ | _kh_oh'ro + conductor | _orkestrestro_ | orkest-rest'ro + instruments | _instrumentoj_ | instroo-mehn'toy + --, brass | _latunaj instrumentoj_ | lah-too'nahy + | | instroo-mehn'toy + --, reed | _ancxinstrumentoj_ | ahnch'instroo-mehn'toy + --, string | _kordinstrumentoj_ | kohrrd'instroomehn'toy + music | _muziko_ | moo-zee'ko + organ | _orgeno_ | ohr-geh'no + pianist | _fortepianist-o, -ino_ | fohr'teh-pee-ahn- + | | ist'o, -een'o + piano | _fortepiano_ | fohr'teh-pee-ah'no + programme | _programo_ | pro-grah'mo + recital | _muzika seanco_ | moozee'kah seh-ahnt'so + recitation | _deklamo_ | deh-klah'mo + seats | _benkoj_ | behn'koy + --, (un)reserved | _(ne)rezervitaj lokoj_ | (neh)rehzehr-vee'tahy + | | lo'koy + singer | _kantant-o, -ino_ | kahntahnt'-o, -een'o + --, | _kantist-o, -ino_ | kahntist'-o, -een'o + (professional) | | + solo; duet | _solo; duo_ | solo; doo'oh + song | _kanto_ | kahn'toh + soprano | _soprano_ | so-prah'no + tenor | _tenoro_ | teh-nohr'o + ticket | _bileto_ | beeleh'toh + violin | _violono_ | vee-ohlo'no + exhibition | _ekspozicio_ | eks-pozit-see'oh + fête | _festo_ | feh'sto + flower-show | _flor-ekspozicio_ | flohr'eks-pozit-see'o + flying machine | _aerveturilo_ | ah-ehr'veh-tooree'lo + limelight-views | _lumprojekcioj_ | loom'pro-yekt-see'oy + museum | _muzeo_ | moo-zeh'o + picture-gallery | _bildogalerio_ | bil'doh-galeh-ree'o + refreshment-room | _bufedo_ | boo-feh'doh + sports and games | _sportoj kaj ludoj_ | spor'toy kahy loo'doy + bathing; to | _banado; bani_ | ba-nah'doh; bah'nee + bathe | | + billiards | _bilardo_ | bilahr'doh + boating, to go | _promeni boate_ | pro-meh'nee bo-ah'teh + box, to | _boksi_ | bok'see + boxing-match | _vetbokso_ | veht-bok'so + chess | _sxako_ | shah'ko + cricket | _kriketo_ | krikeh'toh + draughts | _damoj_ | dah'moy + fishing | _fisxkaptado_ | fish'kahptah'doh + to fish | _fisx-kapti_ | fish-kahp'tee + to go fishing | _iri fisxkapti_ | ee'ree fish-kahp'tee + fishing-line | _hokfadeno_ | hohk'fahdeh'no + fishing-net | _fisxreto_ | fish-reh'toh + fishing-rod | _fisxkaptilo_ | fish-kahp-tee'lo + hunting; to hunt | _cxasado; cxasi_ | chahsah'doh; chah'see + fox-hunt | _vulpcxaso_ | voolp-chah'so + huntsman | _cxasisto_ | chahsist'o + match | _vetludo_ | veht-loo'doh + playing; to play | _ludado; ludi_ | loo-dah'doh; loo'dee + races | _cxevalkuroj_ | chehvahl-koo'roy + grand-stand | _cxeftribuno_ | chehf-triboo'no + jockey | _jxokeo_ | zho-keh'o + race-course | _vetkurejo_ | veht-koo-reh'yo + rowing; to row | _remado; remi_ | reh-mah'doh; reh'mee + shooting | _pafcxasado_ | pahf-chah-sah'doh + ammunition | _municio_ | moonit-see'o + bullet, ball | _kuglo_ | koo'glo + cartridge | _kartocxo_ | kahr-toh'cho + game-bag | _cxasosako_ | chah'so-sah'ko + gun | _pafilo_ | pah-fee'lo + shot | _pafajxo_ | pah-fah'zho + to shoot | _pafi_ | pah'fee + skating; to | _glitumado; glitumi_ | glitoomah'doh; + skate | | glitoo'mee + spectator | _spektatoro_ | spek-tah-tohr'o + swimming; to | _nagxado; nagxi_ | najah'do; nah'jee + swim | | + tennis | _teniso_ | tehnee'so + to wrestle | _lukti_ | look'tee + tent | _tendo_ | tehn'doh + theatre | _teatro_ | teh-ah'tro + act | _akto_ | ahk'toh + --, to | _ludi rolon_ | loo'dee ro'lohn + actor, actress | _aktoro, aktorino_ | ahktohr'o, ahktoree'no + auditorium | _auxditorio_ | ahw-ditohr-ee'o + ballet | _baleto_ | baleh'toh + boxes | _logxioj_ | lo-jee'oy + box-office | _lokoficejo_ | loh'ko-fit-seh'yo + cloak-room | _deponejo_ | dehponeh'yo + comedian | _komediisto_ | komeh-dee-ist'o + curtain | _kurteno_ | koor-teh'no + dance | _danco_ | dahnt'so + dancer | _dancist-o, -ino_ | dahntsist'-o, -een'o + exit | _elirejo_ | ehlee-reh'yo + footlights | _planklampoj_ | plahnk-lahm'poy + gallery | _galerio_ | galeh-ree'o + manager | _direktoro_ | deerektoh'ro + music-hall | _muzikhalo_ | moozeek-ha'lo + opera | _opero_ | opeh'ro + opera-glasses | _lorno_ | lohrr'no + opera-house | _operejo_ | opeh-reh'yo + orchestra, band | _orkestro_ | orkest'ro + pit | _partero_ | pahr-tehr'o + play | _teatrajxo_ | teh-atrah'zho + scene | _sceno_ | stseh'no + scenery (theat.) | _scenpentrajxo_ | stsehn-pentrah'zho + stage | _scenejo_ | stseh-neh'yo + stage-manager | _regxisoro_ | reh-jee-sohr'o + stalls | _foteloj (orkestraj)_ | fo-teh'loy + | | (orkest'rahy) + +23. Cycling. (_Ciklismo._) + +(See also Motoring, following, and Conversations §§. 58-59.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Accessories | _akcesorajxoj_ | ahk-tseh-sorah'zhoy + acetylene | _acetileno_ | aht-sehtee-leh'no + axle | _akso_ | ahk'so + back-pedal, to | _retropedali_ | reh'tro-pehdah'lee + ball bearings | _kuglokusenoj_ | koo'glo-koo-seh'noy + bell | _tintilo_ | tin-tee'lo + bicycle | _biciklo_ | bit-see'klo + bolt (screw-) | _bolto_ | bohl'toh + brake | _bremso_ | brehm'so + cement | _cemento_ | tseh-mehn'toh + chain | _cxeno_ | cheh'no + chainless | _sencxena_ | sen-cheh'nah + chain-regulator | _cxengxustigilo_ | chehn'joostig-ee'lo + chain-wheel | _granda dentrado_ | grahn'da dent-rah'doh + clutch | _konektumo_ | kohnek-too'mo + cone | _konuso_ | ko-noo'so + crank | _kranko_ | krahn'ko + crank-pin | _krankokejlo_ | krahn'ko-keh'y-lo + crooked | _malrekta_ | mahlrek'tah + cycle-shop | _biciklobutiko_ | bitsee'klo-boo-tee'ko + cycling race | _vetbiciklado_ | veht'bitsee-klah'doh + cycling track | _bicikla dromo_ | bitsee'klah dro'mo + cyclist | _(bi)ciklisto_ | (bee)tsee-klist'o + lady cyclist | _(bi)ciklistino_ | (bee)tsee-klist-ee'no + cyclometer | _ciklometro_ | tsee-klo-meh'tro + detachable | _deprenebla_ | deh-preneh'blah + dismount, to | _deseligxi_ | deh-seh-lee'jee + dress-guard | _robsxirmilo_ | rohb'sheer-mee'lo + duster | _visxilo_ | veeshee'lo + electro-plate, to | _nikeli_ | neekeh'lee + enamel, to | _emajli_ | emah'y-lee + foot-rests | _piedapogiloj_ | pee-ehd'apoh-ghee'loy + foot-step | _sxtupo_ | shtoo'po + fork | _forko_ | fohr-ko + frame | _kadro_ | kah'dro + free-wheel | _libera rado_ | leebeh'ra rah'doh + free-wheel, to | _liberiri_ | leebeh-ree'ree + friction | _frotado_ | fro-tah'doh + gear | _rapidumo_ | rahpee-doo'mo + high gear | _granda rapidumo_ | grahn'da rahpeedoo'mo + low gear | _malgranda rapidumo_ | mahl-grahn'da + | | rahpee-doo'mo + two-speed gear | _du-rapidumo_ | doo'rahpee-doo'mo + gear-case | _cxenujo_ | cheh-noo'yo + geared to | _kun rapidumo de..._ | koon rahpeedoo'mo deh + gearing | _dentajxo_ | dentah'zho + handle-bar | _gvidilo_ | gveedee'lo + handles, grips | _tenilo_ | teh-nee'lo + hub | _aksingo_ | ahk-seen'go + indiarubber | _kauxcxuko_ | kahw-choo'ko + indiarubber | _kauxcxuka solvajxo_ | kahw-choo'ka + solution | | sol-vah'zho + inner tube | _interna tubo_ | intehr'nah too'bo + lamp | _lanterno_ | lantehr'no + lamp-bracket | _lanternhoko_ | lahn-tehrn'ho'ko + lamp-wick | _mecxo_ | meh'cho + light up, to | _lumigi_ | loo-mee'ghee + link | _cxenero_ | cheh-neh'ro + lubricator | _olekapsulo_ | oleh'kapsoo'lo + lubricator | _kapsulkovrilo_ | kapsool'ko-vree'lo + protector | | + luggage-carrier | _pakportilo_ | pahk'pohr-tee'lo + map | _landkarto_ | lahnd-kar'toh + mount, to | _surseligxi_ | soor-sehl-ee'jee + mudguard | _kotkaptilo_ | koht-kaptee'lo + nut | _sxrauxbingo_ | shrahw-been'go + nut, safety- | _fiksa sxrauxbingo_ | feek'sa shrahw-been'go + oil for burning | _lumoleo_ | loom-oleh'o + --, lubricating | _sxmiroleo_ | shmeer-oleh'o + oil-can | _oleujeto_ | ohleh-oo-yeh'toh + outer cover | _volvajxo_ | vohl-vah'zho + pedal | _pedalo_ | peh-dah'lo + pedal-rubber | _pedalkauxcxuko_ | pedahl'kahw-choo'ko + pedal-brake | _pedala bremso_ | peh-dah'la brehm'so + pneumatic tyre | _pneuxmatika bendo_ | pnehw-matee'ka behn'doh + pump | _pumpilo_ | poom-pee'lo + pump up, to | _sxveligi_ | shveh-leeg'ee + pump-tube | _pumpiltubo_ | poom-peel-too'bo + to put together, | _munti_ | moon'tee + fit up to | | + rag | _cxifono_ | chifo'no + repair, to | _ripari_ | ripah'ree + repairing outfit | _riparilaro_ | ripah-ree-lah'ro + ride a bicycle, to | _bicikli_ | bit-see'klee + rim | _radrondo_ | rahd-rohn'doh + rim-brake | _radronda bremso_ | rahd-rohn'da brehm'so + rivet | _vinkto_ | vink'toh + saddle | _selo_ | seh'lo + saddle-bag | _selsaketo_ | sehl'sah-keh'toh + saddle-pillar | _selkolono_ | sehl-kolo'no + screw | _sxrauxbo_ | shrahw'-bo + screw, to | _sxrauxbi_ | shrahw'-bee + screw-bolt of | _cxenbolto_ | chehn-bohl'toh + chain | | + screwdriver | _sxrauxbturnilo_ | shrahwb-toor-nee'lo + spanner | _sxrauxbilo_ | shrahw-bee'lo + spokes | _radioj_ | rah-dee'oy + spring | _risorto_ | risohr'toh + start, to | _ekiri_ | ekeer'ee + steer, to | _gvidi_ | gvee'dee + strap | _rimeno_ | reemeh'no + take to pieces, to | _malmunti_ | mahl-moon'tee + tighten up, to | _strecxi_ | streh'chee + toe-clip | _piedingo_ | pee-ehd-een'go + tricycle | _triciklo_ | tritsee'klo + trousers-clip | _pantalonpincxilo_ | pantalohn'pin-chee'lo + unscrew, to | _malsxrauxbi_ | mahl-shrahw'-bee + valve | _valvo_ | vahl'vo + valve-cap | _valvkovrilo_ | vahlv'ko-vree'lo + valve-tubing | _valvtubajxo_ | vahlv'too-bah'zho + wheel, back | _posta rado_ | po'stah rah'doh + --, front | _antauxa rado_ | antah'wah rah'doh + + +24. Motoring. (_Auxtomobilismo._) + +(See also Cycling above, and Conversations §. 58-59.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Accumulator | _akumulatoro_ | ahkoomoo-lahtohr'o + battery | _baterio_ | bahteh-ree'oh + brake-collar | _bremsorubando_ | brehm'so-roobahn'doh + break down (stop), | _panei_ | pahneh'ee + to | | + cam | _kamo_ | kah'mo + carburator | _karburatoro_ | karboo-rahtohr'o + chain adjustment | _cxengxustigilo_ | chehn-joosti-ghee'lo + charge, to | _sxargi_ | shahr'ghee + chassis | _cxasio_ | chah-see'oh + chauffeur, driver | _veturigisto_ | vehtoo-reeghist'oh + claw | _ungo_ | oon'go + contact-breaker | _kontakt-rompilo_ | kontahkt'-rompee'lo + (trembler) | | + driving pinion | _pelrado_ | pehl-rah'doh + elbow | _kubuto_ | kooboo'toh + electric motor | _elektra motoro_ | ehlek'tra motohr'o + evaporate, to | _vaporigxi_ | vahpohr-ee'jee + exhaust | _gasforfluo_ | gahss-fohrfloo'oh + exhaust-box | _silentigujo_ | seelehn-tigoo'yo + (silencer) | | + exhaust-valve | _forflua valvo_ | fohrfloo'ah vahl'vo + feed-pump | _nutro-pumpilo_ | noo'tro-poompee'lo + fill, to | _plenigi_ | plehnee'ghee + flaw | _difektajxo_ | difek-tah'zho + fly-wheel | _inertrado_ | in-ehrt-rah'doh + garage | _remizo_ | rehmee'zo + gas | _gaso_ | gah'so + generator | _generatoro_ | ghenehrahtohr'o + goggles | _okulvitroj_ | okool-vee'troy + gradient | _deklivo_ | dehklee'vo + handle | _tenilo_ | tehnee'lo + hooter | _blekilo_ | blehkee'lo + horse-power | _cxevalpovo_ | chehvahl-po'vo + ignition | _ignito, ignitigilo_ | ignee'toh, + | | igniteeghee'lo + leakage | _ellaso_ | el-lah'so + lever | _levilo_ | lehvee'lo + motor | _motoro_ | mohtohr'o + -- car | _auxtomobilo_ | ahwtomobee'lo + -- lamp | _lanterno_ | lahn-tehr'no + packing | _stupo_ | stoo'po + petrol | _petrolo_ | pehtro'lo + pressure, high | _altpremo_ | alt-preh'mo + --, low | _malaltpremo_ | mahlalt-preh'mo + rack (lifter) | _rako_ | rah'ko + reservoir, tank | _rizervujo_ | rizehr-voo'yo + reversing lever | _irmaligilo_ | eer'mahleeghee'lo + spare tyre | _krom-bendo_ | krohm-behn'doh + spark | _sparko_ | spahr'ko + sparking-plug | _sparkilo_ | spahrkee'lo + speed, full | _plena rapideco_ | pleh'na rahpideht'so + --, high | _granda rapideco_ | grahn'da rahpideht'so + --, low | _malgranda rapideco_ | mahlgrahn'da + | | rapideht'so + speed-changing | _rapidsxangxa | rahpeed-shahn'jah + gear | mekanismo_ | mekanis'mo + starting-gear | _ekiriga mekanismo_ | ekeeree'gah mekanees'mo + starting handle | _ekirigilo_ | eh-keereeghee'lo + steering bar | _gvidstango_ | gveed-stahn'go + tap | _krano_ | krah'no + throw into gear, | _konekti_ | konek'tee + to | | + throw out of gear, | _malkonekti_ | mahlkonek'tee + to | | + + +25. Photography. (_La Fotografarto._) + +(For Conversations see §. 60.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Amateur | _amatoro_ | amah-tohr'o + background | _fono_ | fo'no + --, cloth | _tola fono_ | toh'la fo'no + backing paper | _fonpapero_ | fohn-papehr'o + bath, positive | _pozitiva bano_ | pozitee'va bah'no + --, silver | _argxentbano_ | arjehnt-bah'no + bulb | _bulbo_ | bool'bo + bulging | _konveksigo_ | konvek-see'go + burnisher | _polurilo_ | poloor-ee'lo + cameo | _kameo_ | kameh'o + camera | _fotografilo, kamero_ | foto-grafee'lo, + | | kameh'ro + -- bellows | _balgo_ | bahl'go + camera, hand | _mankamero_ | mahnkamehr'o + --, stand | _stativkamero_ | stateev'kamehr'o + cutting moulds | _trancxkalibrilo_ | trahnch'kalibree'lo + dark-room lamp | _rugxa lanterno_ | roo'jah lantehr'no + dark slide | _kaseto (duobla)_ | kahseh'toh (doo-oh'bla) + (double) | | + developing | _rivelado_ | reeveh-lah'do + dipper | _trempilo_ | trehm-pee'lo + dishes | _kuvetoj_ | koo-veh'toy + -- for developing | _rivelkuvetoj_ | rivehl'koo-veh'toy + -- for fixing | _fikskuvetoj_ | fiks-koo-veh'toy + -- for toning | _tonigbanoj_ | toh-neeg-bah'noy + draining rack | _sekigilo_ | sekighee'lo + dry plates | _sekaj platoj_ | seh'kahy plah'toy + enlargement | _pligrandigo_ | plee-grandee'go + exposure | _espozo_ | espo'zo + --, snap | _momenta espozo_ | momehn'ta espozo + --, time | _dauxra espozo_ | dahw'rah espo'zo + fade, to | _malnetigxi_ | mahl-netee'jee + flash lamp | _magnezia lumigilo_ | magneh-zee'ah + | | loomi-ghee'lo + films | _filmoj_ | feel'moy + fixing | _fiksado_ | fik-sah'doh + focus | _fokuso_ | fo-koo'so + focus, to | _enfokusigi_ | enfo-koo-see'ghee + focussing glasses | _lupeo_ | loopeh'o + funnel | _funelo_ | fooneh'lo + glass measure | _gradigita mezurilo_ | gradee-ghee'ta + | | mezoo-ree'lo + half-length | _duonlonga_ | doo-ohn-lohn'gah + half-tone | _duontono_ | doo-ohn-toh'no + intensifying | _densigo_ | den-see'go + iris diaphragm | _irisdiafragmo_ | eereess-dee-afrahg'mo + lens | _lenso_ | lehn'so + --, cap of | _lenskovrilo_ | lehnss-kovree'lo + mount, to | _munti_ | moon'tee + negative | _negativo_ | nehgah-tee'vo + over-exposed | _hiperespozita_ | heepehr-espo-zee'ta + photograph | _fotografajxo_ | foto-grafah'zho + photographer | _fotografisto_ | foto-grahfist'o + plate | _plato_ | plah'to + plate-holder | _platkaseto_ | plaht-kaseh'toh + plate-lifter | _platlevilo_ | plaht-leh-vee'lo + platinotypes | _platinotipoj_ | plah-teeno-tee'poy + printing | _impresi_ | impreh'see + printing frame | _premkaseto_ | prehm-kaseh'toh + printing-out paper | _senrivela papero_ | sen-reeveh'la papeh'ro + scales and weights | _pesilo kaj peziloj_ | pehsee'loh kahy + | | pehzee'loy + sensitised | _impresebla_ | impreh-seh'blah + shutter | _obturatoro_ | obtoo-rah-tor'o + snap-shot | _maldauxra kapto_ | mahldahw'rah kahp'toh + speed indicator | _dauxrindikilo_ | dahw'r-indikee'lo + spirit-level | _nivelilo_ | neeveh-lee'lo + spot, stain | _makulo_ | makoo'lo + squeegee | _senakvigilo_ | sen-ahkvee-gee'lo + stand | _stativo_ | statee'vo + transparent | _diafana_ | dee-afah'nah + tripods (twofold) | _tripiedo (faldebla)_ | tree-pee-eh'doh + | | (fahl-deh'bla) + under-exposed | _subespozita_ | soob'espo-zee'tah + varnishing | _lakizo_ | lah-kee'zoh + view-finder | _celilo_ | tseh-lee'lo + vignetting-board | _duonombrigilo_ | doo-ohn'ombrighee'lo + + +26. Religion. (_Religio._) + +(For Conversations, see §. 61.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Absolution | _absolvo_ | absohl'vo + aisle | _flanknavo_ | flahnk-nah'vo + altar | _altaro_ | altah'ro + baptism | _bapto_ | bahp'toh + belfry | _sonorilejo_ | sonoh-reeleh'yo + Bible | _Biblio_ | biblee'oh + breviary | _breviero_ | brehvee-ehr'o + burial | _enterigo_ | entehree'go + cardinal | _kardinalo_ | kar-deenah'lo + cathedral | _katedralo_ | kateh-drah'lo + cemetery | _tombejo_ | tombeh'yo + chapel | _kapelo_ | kahpeh'lo + choir (place) | _hxorejo_ | _kh_oreh'yo + choir (singers) | _hxoro_ | _kh_oh'ro + Christian | _kristano_ | kris-tah'no + Christianity | _kristanismo_ | kristah-nees'mo + church | _pregxejo_ | preh-jeh'yo + Church (as a body) | _la Eklezio_ | la eklehzee'oh + clergyman | _ekleziulo_ | eklehzee-oo'lo + Communion | _komunio_ | komoonee'oh + confession | _konfeso_ | kon-feh'so + congregation | _adorantaro_ | adohrahn-tah'ro + convent | _monahxejo_ | mona_kh_eh'yo + Creator, the | _Kreinto_ | kreh-in'toh + cross | _kruco_ | kroot'so + crucifix | _krucifikso_ | kroot-sifik'so + fast-day | _fastotago_ | fah'sto-tah'go + festival | _festo_ | feh'sto + font | _baptujo_ | bahp-too'yo + funeral | _funebra ceremonio_ | fooneh'brah + | | tsereh-mo-nee'oh + God | _Dio_ | dee'oh + heaven | _cxielo_ | chee-eh'lo + hell | _infero_ | infehr'o + Holy Ghost | _la Sankta Spirito_ | la sahnk'ta speeree'toh + (Spirit) | | + hymn; -book | _himno; himnaro_ | him'no; him-nah'ro + lectern | _legpupitro_ | lehg-poopee'tro + litany | _litanio_ | litahnee'oh + liturgy | _liturgio_ | litoorghee'oh + Lord, the | _la Sinjoro_ | la sinyoh'ro + mass, high | _alta meso_ | ahl'tah meh'so + --, low | _malalta meso_ | mal-ahl'tah meh'so + matins | _matenpregxoj_ | mahtehn-preh'joy + missal | _meslibro_ | mehss-lee'bro + nave | _navo_ | nah'vo + offertory (R.C.) | _ofertorio_ | ohfehr-toree'oh + -- (collection) | _monkolekto_ | mohn-kolek'toh + papal | _papa_ | pah'pa + penance | _pentofaro_ | pehn'toh-fah'ro + pew | _benko_ | behn'ko + Pope | _Papo_ | pah'po + prayer | _pregxo_ | preh'jo + prayer-book | _pregxaro_ | prehjah'ro + priest, pastor | _pastro_ | pah'stro + Protestant | _Protestanto_ | proteh-stahn'toh + pulpit | _katedro_ | kateh'dro + Roman Catholic | _Romkatoliko_ | rohm'katohlee'ko + sacrament | _sakramento_ | sakrah-mehn'toh + salvation | _savo_ | sah'vo + Saviour, the | _la Savinto_ | la sahveen'toh + sermon | _prediko_ | prehdee'ko + service, divine | _diservo_ | dee-sehr'vo + service, evening | _vespera diservo_ | vespeh'ra dee-sehr'vo + --, morning | _matena diservo_ | mateh'na dee-sehr'vo + sitting, seat | _sidloko_ | seed-lo'ko + synagogue | _sinagogo_ | sinahgo'go + tabernacle | _tabernaklo_ | tabehr-nah'klo + transept | _transepto_ | trahnsehp'toh + truth | _vero_ | vehr'o + verger | _pedelo_ | pehdeh'lo + vespers | _vesperpregxoj_ | vespehr-preh'joy + vestry, sacristy | _sakristio_ | sakris-tee'oh + worship | _adorado_ | adoh-rah'do + worship, to | _adori_ | adoh'ree + + +27. Professions and Trades. (_Profesioj kaj Metioj_) + +(For Shopping, etc., see §§. 53-56.) + +NOTE.--The names of workers in the various trades and professions are +formed by adding the suffix *-ist* to the root-word. Thus: _vendi_, to +sell--_vendisto_, a salesman; _lampo_, a lamp--_lampvendisto_, a +lamp-seller, _lampfaristo_, a lamp manufacturer; _maro_, sea--_maristo_, +a sailor; _akrigi_, to sharpen--_akrigisto_, a grinder, etc. + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Architect | _arhxitekto_ | ar_kh_itek'toh + artist | _artisto_ | artist'o + baker | _bakisto_ | bah-kist'o + banker | _bankiero_ | bahnkee-ehr'o + barber | _barbiro_ | barbeer'o + bookseller | _librovendisto_ | lee'bro-vendisto + butcher | _bucxisto_ | boo-chist'o + carpenter, joiner | _cxarpentisto_ | charr-pehntist'o + chambermaid | _cxambristino_ | chahmbristee'no + chemist | _farmaciisto_ | fahrmaht-see-ist'o + clerk | _skribisto_ | skreebist'o + compositor | _kompostisto_ | kom-postist'o + confectioner | _konfitisto_ | konfeetist'o + consul | _konsulo_ | kon-soo'lo + cook | _kuirist-o, -ino_ | koo-eerist'-o, -ee'no + editor | _redaktoro_ | redahk-tohr'o + engineer | _ingxeniero_ | injehnee-ehr'o + fisherman | _fisxkaptisto_ | fish'kaptist'o + fishmonger | _fisxvendisto_ | fish'vendist'o + florist | _floristo_ | flo-rist'o + fruiterer | _fruktovendisto_ | frook'toh-vendist'o + glazier | _vitristo_ | veetrist'o + goldsmith | _orajxisto_ | ohrah-zhist'o + governess | _guvernistino_ | goovehr-nistee'no + greengrocer | _legomvendisto_ | legohm'vendist'o + grocer | _spicisto_ | speet-sist'o + hairdresser | _frizisto_ | free-zist'o + hatter | _cxapelisto_ | chapeh-list'o + hosier | _sxtrumpajxisto_ | shtroompah-zhist'o + ironmonger | _ferajxvendisto_ | fehrahzh'vendist'o + jeweller | _juvelisto_ | yoo-veh-list'o + journalist | _jxurnalisto_ | zhoor-nalist'o + labourer | _penlaboristo_ | pehn'labohrist'o + lawyer | _advokato_ | ahdvokah'toh + maid-servant | _servistino_ | sehr-vistee'no + man-servant | _servisto_ | sehr-vist'o + mason | _masonisto_ | mahsonist'o + mechanic | _masxinisto_ | mahsheenist'o + merchant | _negocisto_ | negoht-sist'o + miller | _muelisto_ | moo-ehlist'o + mother's-help | _helpistino_ | helpistee'no + nurse | _flegistino_ | fleh-ghistee'no + nursemaid | _vartistino_ | vahrtistee'no + optician | _optikisto_ | opteekist'o + plumber | _plumbisto_ | ploombist'o + policeman | _policano_[5] | polit-sah'no + printer | _presisto_ | preh-sist'o + saddler | _selisto_ | sehlist'o + shoemaker | _sxuisto_ | shoo-ist'o + shopkeeper | _butikisto_ | bootikist'o + smith | _forgxisto_ | fohrjist'o + stationer | _paperajxisto_ | pa-perah-zhist'o + student | _studento_ | stoodehn'toh + tailor | _tajloro_ | tahy-loh'ro + teacher | _instruisto_ | instroo-ist'o + tobacconist | _tabakvendisto_ | tabahk'vendist'o + tradesman | _komercisto_ | komehrt-sist'o + tutor | _guvernisto_ | goovehrnist'o + waiter, waitress | _kelnero, kelnerino_ | kelneh'ro, + | | kel-nehr-ee'no + workman | _laboristo_ | labohrist'o + + +28. Legal Terms. (_Legxaj Terminoj._) + +(For Conversations see §. 66.) + + English | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Accused, the | _la akuzato_ | la ahkoozah'toh + acquittal | _malakuzo_ | mahlahkoo'zo + to advance (money) | _pruntedoni_ | proon'teh-doh-nee + agreement, an | _kontrakto_ | kontrahk'toh + alibi, an | _alibio_ | ahleebee'oh + allege, to | _alegi_ | ahleh'ghee + apology, an | _pardonpeto_ | pahrdohn-peh'toh + appeal; to -- | _apelo; apeli_ | ahpeh'lo; ahpeh'lee + arrangement, | _interkonsento_ | in'tehr-konsehn'toh + agreement | | + arrears | _restantaj sxuldoj_ | rehstahn'tahy shool'doy + arrest, to | _aresti_ | ahreh'stee + attest, to | _atesti_ | ahteh'stee + attorney | _prokuratoro_ | prokoorah-toh'ro + authorise, to | _rajtigi_ | rahy-tee'ghee + award, an | _aljugxo_ | ahl-yoo'jo + award, to | _aljugxi_ | ahl-yoo'jee + bail | _kauxcio_ | kahwtsee'oh + bailiff | _jugxplenumisto_ | yooj'plehnoomist'oh + bond (for loan) | _pruntkontrakto_ | proont'kontrahk'toh + case (suit) | _proceso_ | prohtseh'so + charge, to | _akuzi_ | ahkoo'zee + client | _kliento_ | klee-ehn'toh + complainant, the | _la plendanto_ | la plendahn'toh + contract | _kontrakto_ | kontrahk'toh + conviction, a | _kondamno_ | kondahm'noh + costs | _proceskosto_ | prohtsehs-kost'oh + court of justice | _tribunalo_ | treeboonah'lo + criminal, a | _krimulo_ | krim-oo'lo + damages | _monkompenso_ | mohn'kompehn'so + decision (of case) | _decido_ | dehtsee'doh + deed | _akto_ | ahk'toh + defend, to | _defendi_ | dehfehn'dee + defendant (in a | _la akuzato_ | la ahkoozah'toh + suit) | | + document | _dokumento_ | dokoomehn'toh + evidence | _evidenco_ | ehvidehnt'so + execution (of | _subskribigo_ | soobskreebee'go + deed) | | + -- (of a judgment) | _plenumo_ | plehnoo'mo + executor | _administranto_ | ahdministrahn'to + fee (of office) | _honorario_ | honoh-rahree'oh + fine (penalty) | _monpuno_ | mohn-poo'no + information, to | _denunci_ | dehnoont'see + give | | + informer | _denunc-anto, -into_[6] | dehnoonts-ahn'toh, + | | -in'toh + injunction | _injunkcio_ | inyoonk-tsee'oh + inventory | _inventario_ | invehn-tahree'oh + jail | _malliberejo_ | mahllibehr-ehyo + judge, the | _jugxisto_ | yoojist'oh + jurisdiction | _jugxorajto_ | yoo'jo-rah'y-toh + jurisprudence | _juro_ | yoo'ro + law-suit | _proceso_ | proht-seh'so + non-suit, to | _malakcepti_ | mahl-ahktsehp'tee + oath, to take an | _fari jxuron_ | fah'ree zhoor'ohn + parchment | _pergameno_ | pehrgah-meh'no + pardon | _pardono_ | pahrdoh'no + penal | _punebla_ | pooneh'blah + perjury | _falsa jxuro_ | fahl'sah zhoor'oh + petitioner | _petfarinto_ | peht'fahrin'toh + police-office | _policoficejo_ | pohleet'so-feetseh'yo + -- officer | _policano_ | pohleet-sah'no + -- station | _policejo_ | pohleet-seh'yo + proof | _pruvo_ | proo'voh + prosecute to | _persekuti_ | pehrsehkoo'tee + prosecution (of | _persekuto_ | pehrsehkoo'toh + suit) | | + prosecutor | _persekut-anto, | pehrsehkoot-ahn'toh, + | -isto_[7] | -ist'oh + punishment | _puno_ | poo'no + quash | _kasacii_ | kahsaht-see'ee + robbery | _rabo_ | rah'bo + seal, a | _sigelo_ | seegeh'lo + sentence, a | _sentenco_ | sehntehnt'so + sheriff | _skabeno_ | skahbeh'no + statement | _deklaro (skribita)_ | dehklah'ro + (written) | | (skreebee'tah) + sue, to | _persekuti_ | pehrsehkoo'tee + suit | _proceso_ | prohtseh'so + summons (of court) | _asigno_ | ahseeg'no + testator | _testamentinto_ | tehstah-mehntin'toh + theft | _sxtelo_ | shteh'lo + thief | _sxtel-isto, -into_ | shtehl-ist'oh, -in'toh + trial | _proceso_ | prohtseh'so + verdict | _verdikto_ | vehrdeek'toh + witness | _atestanto_ | ahteh-stahn'toh + writ | _asignordono_ | ahseeg'nordoh'no + + +29. Commercial Terms. (_Komercaj Terminoj._) + +(For Conversations see §. 67.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Account | _konto_ | kon'toh + --, current | _kuranta konto_ | koorahn'ta kon'toh + --, joint | _komuna konto_ | komoo'na kon'toh + --, to close an | _fermi konton_ | fehr'mee kon'tohn + --, to settle an | _pagi konton_ | pah'gee kon'tohn + acknowledgment | _ricevavizo_ | ritseh'vahvee'zo + agency | _agentejo_ | ahghen-teh'yo + agent | _agento_ | ahghehn'toh + apprentice | _metilernanto_ | mehtee'lehr-nahn'toh + arrear, in | _malfrue_ | mahlfroo'eh + assets | _aktivo_ | ahktee'voh + balance of account | _saldo de konto_ | sahl'doh deh kon'toh + balance-sheet | _bilanco_ | bilahnt'so + bank | _banko_ | bahn'ko + bankrupt; a -- | _bankrotin-ta; -to_ | bahn-krotin'-tah; -toh + bankruptcy, | _bankroto_ | bahn-kro'toh + failure | | + bearer | _portanto_ | portahn'toh + bill (account) | _kalkulo_ | kahlkoo'lo + bill (comml. | _bilo_ | bee'lo + document) | | + -- at sight | _kambio je vido_ | kahmbee'oh yeh vee'doh + -- at 3 months' | _kambio je tri monatoj_ | kahmbee'oh yeh tree + date | | monah'toy + -- of exchange | _kambio_ | kahm-bee'oh + -- of lading | _sxargxatesto_ | shahr-jah-teh'stoh + bond, a | _obligacio_ | obligaht-see'o + bond, in | _kusxanta en | kooshahn'ta en + | dogantenejo_ | dogahn'teneh'yo + bonded goods | _komercajxoj en dogano | komehrt-sah'zhoy ehn + | deponitaj_ | dogah'no + | | depohnee'tahy + book-keeper | _librotenisto_ | lee'bro-tenis'toh + branch- | _filio_ | filee'oh + establishment | | + broker | _makleristo_ | mah-klehrist'o + brokerage | _kurtagxo_ | koortah'jo + business | _la aferoj_ | la ahfeh'roy + buyer | _acxetisto_ | ahchehtist'o + cargo | _sxargxo_ | shahr'jo + carriage | _transportprezo_ | trahnsport-preh'zo + carriage-paid | _kun transporto pagita_ | koon trahns-pohr'toh + | | pah-ghee'tah + cashier | _kasisto_ | kahsist'o + charter a ship, to | _lui sxipon_ | loo'ee shee'pohn + charter-party | _cxarto_ | chahr'toh + catalogue | _katalogo_ | kah-tahlo'go + cheque | _cxeko_ | cheh'ko + claim | _pretendo_ | prehtehn'doh + clerk | _oficisto_ | ofeet-sist'o + company | _kompanio_ | kompah-nee'oh + --, joint-stock | _akcia kompanio_ | ahk-tsee'ah + | | kompah-nee'oh + --, limited | _limigita kompanio_ | limighee'tah " + compensation | _kompenso_ | kompehn'so + complaint | _plendo_ | plehn'doh + confiscate, to | _konfiski_ | konfis'kee + contract, a | _kontrakto_ | kontrahk'toh + cost, insurance | _kosto, asekuro kaj_ | kost'o, ahseh-koor'o + and | | + freight (c.i.f.) | _frajto_ | kahy frah'y-toh + cost price | _kostprezo_ | kost-preh'zo + credit | _kredito_ | krehdee'toh + creditor | _kreditoro_ | kreditohr'o + custom-house | _doganejo_ | doganeh'yo + customs, the | _la dogano_ | la dogah'no + -- clearing-house | _doganesplorejo_ | dogahn'esploreh'yo + customs duties | _doganimpostoj_ | dogahn'impos'toy + damage | _difekto_ | difekt'o + damages (law) | _kompensajxo_ | kompehn-sah'zho + debenture shares | _obligaciaj akcioj_ | obligaht-see'ahy + | | ahkt-see'oy + debit | _debeto_ | debeh'toh + debt | _sxuldo_ | shool'doh + debtor | _sxuldanto_ | shool-dahn'toh + deliver, to | _liveri_ | liveh'ree + delivered free | _liverita afrankite_ | livehree'tah + | | afrahnkee'teh + demurrage | _pago pro malfruigxo_ | pah'go pro + | | mahlfroo-ee'jo + department | _fako_ | fah'ko + director, manager | _direktoro_ | direktohr'o + discount; to -- | _diskonto; diskonti_ | diskon'toh; diskon'tee + dividend | _dividendo_ | dividehn'doh + dock and harbour | _dok- kaj | dohk- kahy + dues | haven-impostoj_ | havehn'-impos'toy + double entry, by | _per duobla enskribo_ | per doo-oh'bla + | | enskree'bo + draft | _trato_ | trah'toh + draw upon, to | _trati (iun)_ | trah'tee (ee'oon) + drawee | _tratato_ | tratah'toh + drawer | _tratanto_ | tratahn'toh + duty, export | _eksportimposto_ | eksport'impost'oh + --, import | _importimposto_ | import'impost'oh + duty-free | _senimposte_ | sen-impost'eh + enclosed | _entenata_ | entehnah'ta + enclosure, an | _enmetajxo_ | enmeh-tah'zho + endorse, to | _gxiri_ | jee'ree + endorsee | _gxirato_ | jeerah'toh + endorsement | _gxiro_ | jeer'o + endorser | _gxiranto_ | jeerahn'toh + exchange, an | _intersxangxo_ | intehr-shahn'jo + -- (place) | _borso_ | bohr'so + -- (difference) | _agxio_ | ahjee'oh + excise | _akcizo_ | ahk-tsee'zo + exports | _eksportoj_ | ekspor'toy + firm, a | _firmo_ | feer'mo + forwarding | _eksped-o, -ado_[8] | ekspeh'-doh, -dah'doh + free on board | _afranke sur sxipon_ | afrahn'keh soor + (f.o.b.) | | sheep'ohn + freightage | _frajta prezo_ | frahy'tah preh'zo + guarantee, a | _garantio_ | garahntee'o + imports | _importoj_ | impohr'toy + insolvent | _nesolventa_ | nehsolvehn'ta + insurance policy | _asekura poliso_ | ahsehkoor'ah polee'so + -- premium | _asekura premio_ | ahsehkoor'ah prehmee'oh + insure, to | _asekuri_ | ahsehkoo'ree + introduction | _prezento_ | prehzehn'toh + --, letter of | _prezenta letero_ | prehzehn'ta leteh'ro + invest, to (money) | _plasi_ | plah'see + letter of advice | _avizletero_ | ahveez'leteh'ro + liabilities | _pasivo, sxuldaro_ | pahsee'vo, shool-dah'ro + liable to duty | _impostebla_ | imposteh'blah + load, to | _sxargxi_ | shahr'jee + loss | _malprofito_ | mahl-profee'toh + manifest, a | _manifesto_ | mah-nifeh'sto + marine insurance | _marasekuro_ | mahr'ahseh-koo'ro + market | _komercejo_ | komehrt-seh'yo + foreign market | _eksterlanda vendado_ | ekstehrlahn'da + | | vendah'doh + home market | _enlanda vendado_ | enlahn'da vendah'doh + London market | _Londona vendado_ | londoh'na vendah'doh + market-day | _vendeja tago_ | vendeh'yah ta'go + market dues | _vendejaj impostoj_ | vendeh'yahy impos'toy + market price | _vendeja prezo_ | vendeh'yah preh'zo + not negotiable | _nenegocebla_ | neh-nehgoht-seh'blah + offer for sale, to | _elmeti al vendo_ | elmeh'tee al vehn'doh + office | _oficejo_ | ofitseh'yo + order, to (goods) | _mendi_ | mehn'dee + packing | _pakado_ | pahkah'doh + partner | _partisto_ | pahrtist'o + payable | _pagebla_ | pa-geh'blah + port of delivery | _livera haveno_ | livehr'ah haveh'no + preference shares | _preferencaj akcioj_ | prefehrent'sahy + | | ahk-tsee'oy + prepaid | _afrankita_ | afrahn-kee'ta + price | _prezo_ | preh'zo + price-list | _prezaro_ | prehzahr'o + quarantine | _kvaranteno_ | kvarahn-teh'no + quotation (of | _prezpropono_ | prehz'prohpo'no + price) | | + rate of interest | _procento_ | prohtsehn'toh + receipt | _kvitanco_ | kvitahnt'so + receiver | _likvidisto_ | likvee-dist'o + register, to | _registri_ | reh-ghees'tree + registered tonnage | _registra tonajxo_ | reh-ghees'tra tonah'zho + registration | _registr-o, -ado_ | reh-ghees'-tro, + | | -trah'doh + representative | _reprezentanto_ | reprehzen-tahn'toh + rent | _luprezo_ | loo-preh'zo + retail (_adj. & | _pomalgrand-a, -e_ | po-malgrahn'-da, -deh + adv._) | | + salesman, seller | _vendisto_ | vehndist'o + selling price | _vendoprezo_ | vehn'doh-preh'zo + settling days | _pagtagoj_ | pahg-tah'goy + shareholder | _akciulo_ | ahk-tsee-oo'lo + shares | _akcioj_ | ahk-tsee'oy + ship, to | _ensxipigi_ | enshipee'ghee + shippers | _ekspedistoj_ | ekspeh-dis'toy + shipping charges | _sxargxadaj elspezoj_ | shahrja'dahy elspeh'zoy + shop-assistant | _komizo_ | komee'zo + solvent | _solventa_ | solvehn'ta + stevedore | _stivisto_ | steevist'o + stow, to (cargo) | _stivi_ | stee'vee + telegraphic | _telegrafa adreso_ | telehgrah'fah ahdreh'so + address | | + towing charges | _trensxipaj pagoj_ | trehn-shee'pahy pahgoy + trade, commerce | _komerc-o, -ado_ | komehrt'-so, -sah'doh + transaction | _negoco_ | nehgoht'so + traveller, | _komerca vojagxisto_ | komehrt'sah + commercial | | vo-yah-jist'o + underwriter | _asekurinto_ | ahseh-koorin'toh + unloading | _malsxargx-o, -ado_ | mahlshahr'-jo, -jah'doh + visa, to | _vizi_ | vee'zee + warehouse | _magazeno_ | mah-gazeh'no + weight, gross | _kuntara pezo_ | koon-tah'ra peh'zo + --, net | _sentara pezo_ | sehn-tah'ra peh'zo + wharf | _uxarfo_ | wahr'fo + wharfage | _uxarfpago_ | wahrf-pah'go + wholesale | _pogrand-a, -e_ | po-grahn'-da, -deh + winding-up | _likvido_ | likvee'doh + + +30. Post, Telegraph and Telephone. (_La Posxto, la Telegrafo, kaj la +Telefono._) + +(For Conversations see §. 64.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Collection | _kolekto_ | kolek'toh + contents | _enhavo_ | ehnhah'vo + counterfoil | _kontrauxfolio_ | kon'trahw-folee'oh + customs | _dogandeklaro_ | dogahn'dehklar'o + declaration | | + delivery | _livero_ | livehr'o + description | _priskribo_ | pree-skree'bo + despatch note | _depesxo_ | dehpeh'sho + excess postage | _afrankeksceso_ | afrahnk'eks-tseh'so + letter post | _letera posxto_ | leteh'ra posh'toh + letter-scales | _leterpesilo_ | letehr'pehsee'lo + mail, the | _la kuriero_ | la kooree-ehr'o + money order | _posxtmandato | posht-mandah'toh + (foreign) | eksterlanda_ | eks-terlahn'da + newspaper wrapper | _banderolo_ | bahn-dero'lo + parcel | _paketo_ | pahkeh'toh + -- post | _paketposxto_ | pahkeht-posh'toh + pillar-box | _leterkesto_ | letehr-kest'o + post, the | _la posxto_ | la pohsh-toh + postage paid | _afrankita_ | afrahnkee'tah + postal order | _posxtmandato enlanda_ | posht-mahndah'toh + | | en-lahn'da + post-card | _posxtkarto_ | pohsht-kahr'toh + post-office | _posxtoficejo_ | posht-ofeet-seh'yo + postman | _leterportisto_ | letehr'pohrtist'o + postmaster | _posxtestro_ | pohsh-tehs'tro + re-address, to | _readresi_ | reh-ahdreh'see + register, to | _registri_ | reh-ghees'tree + reply paid | _respondafrankita_ | respond'afrahn-kee'ta + stamps | _posxtmarkoj_ | posht-mahr'koy + telegram | _telegramo_ | teleh-grah'mo + telegraph, to | _telegrafi_ | teleh-grah'fee + -- form | _telegrama folio_ | teleh-grah'ma folee'oh + -- messenger | _telegramportisto_ | telehgrahm'pohrtist'o + -- office | _telegrafejo_ | teleh-grafeh'yo + telephone | _telefono_ | teleh-fo'no + -- call office | _telefonejo_ | teleh-foneh'yo + -- number | _telefona numero_ | teleh-fo'na noomehr'o + ring up, to | _telefoni_ | teleh-fo'nee + to be called for | _posxtrestante_ | posht-restahn'teh + value, insured | _asekurita valoro_ | ahsekooree'ta vahlohr'o + weigh, to | _pesi_ | peh'see + weight, a | _pezilo_ | pehzee'lo + -- (of anything) | _pezo_ | peh'zo + --, over | _tro peza_ | tro peh'zah + + +31. Correspondence. (_Korespondado._) + +(For Conversations see §. 65.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Address | _adreso_ | ah-dreh'so + blotting-paper | _sorba papero_ | sohr'ba pa-pehr'o + date | _dato_ | da'toh + --, to | _dat-i, -umi_ | dah'-tee, -too'mee + envelope | _koverto_ | ko-vehr'toh + fasten, close, to | _fermi_ | fehr'mee + immediate | _tuja_ | too'yah + ink | _inko_ | een'ko + inkstand | _inkujo_ | een-koo'yo + letter | _letero_ | letehr'o + letter-box | _leterkesto_ | leh-tehr-kest'o + note | _noto_ | no'toh + note-paper | _leterpapero_ | letehr'pa-pehr'o + packet | _paketo_ | pah-keht'o + pen | _plumo_ | ploo'mo + --, fountain | _fontoplumo_ | fon'toh-ploo'mo + penholder | _plumingo_ | ploom-een'go + penknife | _trancxileto_ | trahn-chee-leh'toh + pencil | _krajono_ | krah-yo'no + quire | _kajero_ | kah-yeh'ro + ream | _rismo_ | rees'mo + seal, a | _sigelo_ | see-gheh'lo + seal, to | _sigeli_ | see-gheh'lee + sealing-wax | _sigelvakso_ | see-ghehl-vahk'so + sheet | _folio_ | fo-lee'o + signature | _subskribo_ | soob-skree'bo + urgent | _urgxa_ | oorr'jah + writing | _la skribo_ | la skree'bo + -- materials | _skribilaro_ | skree-bee-lah'ro + + +32. The Cardinal Numbers. (_La Fundamentaj Numeraloj._) + +(For Grammatical Notes see section "Cardinal Numbers".) + + 0 _Nulo_ (nool'oh) 17 _dek sep_ 79 _sepdek naux_ + 1 _unu_ (oo'noo) 18 _dek ok_ 80 _okdek_ + 2 _du_ (doo) 19 _dek naux_ 90 _nauxdek_ + 3 _tri_ (tree) 20 _dudek_ 100 _cent_ (tsehnt) + 4 _kvar_ (kvahr) 21 _dudek unu_ 101 _cent unu_ + 5 _kvin_ (kvin) 22 _dudek du_ 102 _cent du_ + 6 _ses_ (sehss) 23 _dudek tri_ 200 _du cent_ (doot'sehnt) + 7 _sep_ (sehp) 24 _dudek kvar_ 300 _tricent_ + 8 _ok_ (ohk) 30 _tridek_ 400 _kvarcent_ + 9 _naux_ (nahw) 35 _tridek kvin_ 500 _kvincent_ + 10 _dek_ (dehk) 40 _kvardek_ 600 _sescent_ + 11 _dek unu_ 46 _kvardek ses_ 700 _sepcent_ + 12 _dek du_ 50 _kvindek_ 800 _okcent_ + 13 _dek tri_ 57 _kvindek sep_ 900 _nauxcent_ + 14 _dek kvar_ 60 _sesdek_ 1,000 _mil_ (meel) + 15 _dek kvin_ 68 _sesdek ok_ + 16 _dek ses_ 70 _sepdek_ + + 2,679 _dumil sescent sepdek naux._ + 3,000 _trimil._ + 10,000 _dek mil._ + 20,000 _dudek mil._ + 389,345 _tricent okdek nauxmil tricent kvardek kvin._ + 1,000,000 _(unu) miliono_ [(oo'noo) meeleeoh'no]. + 4,000,000 _kvar milionoj._ + + 1908 ... _Mil nauxcent ok._ + +NOTE.--Observe that the cardinal numbers are grouped together (without +hyphens) in thousands, hundreds, tens and units. Thus, 548 is _kvincent +kvardek ok_, not _kvincent-kvardek-ok_, and 17 _dek sep_, not _dek-sep_. + + +33. Ordinal Numerals. (_La Ordaj Numeraloj._) + +(For Grammatical Notes see section "Ordinal Numbers".) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + First | _unua_ | oonoo'ah + second | _dua_ | doo'ah + third | _tria_ | tree'ah + fourth | _kvara_ | kvah'rah + fifth | _kvina_ | kvee'nah + sixth | _sesa_ | seh'sah + seventh | _sepa_ | seh'pah + eighth | _oka_ | oh'kah + ninth | _nauxa_ | nah'wah + tenth | _deka_ | deh'kah + eleventh | _dek-unua_ | dehk-oonoo'ah + twelfth | _dek-dua_ | dehkdoo'ah + thirteenth | _dek-tria_ | dehktree'ah + fourteenth | _dek-kvara_ | dehk-kvah'rah + fifteenth | _dek-kvina_ | dehk-kvee'nah + sixteenth | _dek-sesa_ | dehkseh'sah + seventeenth | _dek-sepa_ | dehkseh'pah + eighteenth | _dek-oka_ | dehk-oh'kah + nineteenth | _dek-nauxa_ | dehknah'wah + twentieth | _dudeka_ | doodeh'kah + twenty-first | _dudek-unua_ | doo'dehk-oonoo'ah + twenty-second | _dudek-dua_ | doo'dehk-doo'ah + twenty-third | _dudek-tria_ | doo'dehk-tree'ah + twenty-fourth | _dudek-kvara_ | doo'dehk-kvah'rah + twenty-fifth | _dudek-kvina_ | doo'dehk-kvee'nah + thirtieth | _trideka_ | treedeh'kah + thirty-second | _tridek-dua_ | treedehk-doo'ah + fortieth | _kvardeka_ | kvahrdeh'kah + fiftieth | _kvindeka_ | kvindeh'kah + sixtieth | _sesdeka_ | sehsdeh'kah + seventieth | _sepdeka_ | sehpdeh'kah + eightieth | _okdeka_ | ohkdeh'kah + ninetieth | _nauxdeka_ | nahw-deh'kah + hundredth | _centa_ | tsehn'tah + hundred and first | _cent-unua_ | tsehnt-oonoo'ah + two hundred and | _ducent-kvindek-dua_ | doot'sehnt-kvin'dehk- + fifty-second | | doo'ah + thousandth | _mila_ | mee'lah + + +34. Collective and Fractional Numbers. (_Kolektivaj kaj Nombronaj +Numeraloj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + All | _cxiom (da)_ | chee'ohm (dah) + couple, a | _paro_ | pah'ro + double | _duobla_ | doo-oh'blah + doubly | _duoble_ | doo-oh'bleh + dozen, a | _dekduo_ | dehk-doo'oh + fifth, a | _kvinono_ | kvee-no'no + firstly | _unue_ | oonoo'eh + gross, a | _cent kvardek kvar_ | tsehnt kvahr'dehk kvahr + half-a-dozen | _duondekduo_ | doo-ohn'dehkdoo'oh + once | _unufoje_ | oo'noo-fo'yeh + one by one | _unuope_ | oonoo-oh'peh + one-half | _unu duono_ | oo'noo doo-oh'no + pair, a | _paro_ | pah'ro + part, portion | _parto_ | pahr'to + quarter, fourth | _kvarono_ | kvahro'no + part | | + score, a | _dudeko_ | doodeh'ko + secondly | _due_ | doo'eh + single | _unuopa_ | oonoo-oh'pah + singly | _unuope_ | oonoo-oh'peh + third, a | _triono_ | tree-oh'no + thirdly | _trie_ | tree'eh + threefold | _trioble_ | tree-oh'bleh + three-quarters | _tri kvaronoj_ | tree kvahro'noy + three-sevenths | _tri seponoj_ | tree sehpoh'noy + twice | _dufoje, dufojojn_ | doo-fo'yeh, doo fo'yoyn + two by two | _duope_ | doo-oh'peh + two-sixths | _du sesonoj_ | doo seh-so'noy + whole, the | _la tuto_ | la too'toh + + +35. Adjectives. (_Adjektivoj._) + +(For Grammatical Notes see section "The Adjective".) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Able (capable) | _kapabla_ | kah-pah'blah + bad, wicked | _malbona_ | mahl-bo'nah + beautiful, | _bela_ | beh'la + handsome | | + beloved | _amata_ | ahmah'tah + bitter | _maldolcxa_ | mahl-dohl'chah + blind | _blinda_ | bleen'dah + blunt | _malakra_ | mahl-ah'krah + bold | _kuragxema_ | koorah-jeh'ma + brave | _brava_ | brah'vah + bright | _hela_ | heh'la + broad, wide | _largxa_ | lar'jah + careful | _zorgema_ | zorgeh'ma + careless | _senzorga_ | sen-zor'ga + certain | _certa_ | tsehr'tah + cheap | _malkara_ | mahl-kah'ra + clean | _pura_ | poo'rah + clear | _klara_ | klah'ra + clever | _lerta_ | lehr'tah + cold | _malvarma_ | mahl-vahr'ma + comfortable | _komforta_ | kohm-fohr'tah + corpulent | _korpulenta_ | korpoolehn'tah + costly | _multekosta_ | mool'teh-kohs'tah + damp | _malseka_ | mahl-seh'ka + dangerous | _dangxera_ | dahn-jeh'rah + dark | _malluma_ | mahl-loo'ma + deaf | _surda_ | soor'dah + dear | _kara_ | kah'ra + deep | _profunda_ | pro-foon'dah + different | _malsama_ | mahl-sah'ma + dirty | _malpura_ | mahl-poo'rah + disagreeable | _malagrabla_ | mahl-ahgrah'blah + dry | _seka_ | seh'ka + dull (of weather) | _malklara_ | mahl-klah'rah + dusty | _polva_ | pohl'vah + early | _frua_ | froo'ah + easy | _facila_ | faht-see'lah + empty | _malplena_ | mahl-pleh'na + every | _cxiu_ | chee'oo + false | _malvera_ | mahl-vehr'ah + fashionable | _lauxmoda_ | lahw-mo'dah + fat (stout) | _dikkorpa_ | deek-kor'pa + few | _malmultaj_ | mahl-mool'tahy + fine (excellent) | _bonega_ | boneh'gah + -- (in quality) | _delikata_ | dehlee-kah'tah + fit (for) | _tauxga_ | tahw'gah + flat | _plata_ | plah'tah + foolish | _malsagxa_ | mahl-sah'jah + fortunate | _bonsxanca_ | bohn-shahnt'sah + free | _libera_ | libeh'ra + frequent | _ofta_ | off'tah + fresh | _fresxa_ | freh'shah + front | _antauxa_ | ahntah'wah + full | _plena_ | pleh'nah + gay | _gaja_ | gah'yah + general, usual | _kutima_ | kootee'ma + gentle, polite | _gxentila_ | jentee'la + good | _bona_ | boh'nah + grand | _grandioza_ | grahndee-oh'zah + great | _granda_ | grahn'dah + happy | _felicxa_ | fehlee'chah + hard | _malmola_ | mahl-mo'la + heavy | _peza_ | peh'zah + high | _alta_ | ahl'tah + honest | _honesta_ | honeh'stah + hot | _varmega_ | vahrmeh'ga + hungry | _malsata_ | mahl-sah'tah + ill (unwell) | _malsana_ | mahl-sah'nah + important | _grava_ | grah'va + interesting | _interesa_ | inteh-reh'sah + just | _justa_ | yoos'tah + kind | _bonkora_ | bohn-ko'ra + lame | _lama_ | lah'ma + large, vast | _largxa_ | lahr'jah + last | _lasta_ | lah'stah + late | _malfrua_ | mahl-froo'ah + light | _luma_ | loo'ma + little, small | _malgranda_ | mahl-grahn'dah + long | _longa_ | lohn'gah + loose | _ne fiksita_ | neh fiksee'tah + low (in place) | _malalta_ | mahl-ahl'tah + many | _multaj_ | mool'tahy + mild | _milda_ | meel'dah + muddy | _kota_ | ko'tah + narrow | _mallargxa_ | mahl-lahr'jah + natural | _natura_ | nahtoor'ah + new | _nova_ | no'vah + nice, tasty | _bongusta_ | bohn-goo'stah + old (not new) | _malnova_ | mahl-no'vah + open | _malfermita_ | mahl-fehrmee'tah + patient | _pacienca_ | paht-see-ent'sah + pleasant | _agrabla_ | ahgrah'blah + poor (not rich) | _malricxa_ | mahl-ree'chah + poor (to be | _kompatinda_ | kompah-teen'dah + pitied) | | + possible | _ebla_ | eh'blah + pretty | _beleta_ | beh-leh'tah + private | _privata_ | pree-vah'tah + probable | _probabla_ | probah'blah + proud | _fiera_ | fee-eh'rah + public | _publika_ | pooblee'ka + pure, clean | _pura_ | poo'rah + quick, swift | _rapida_ | rahpee'dah + quiet | _kvieta_ | kvee-eh'tah + rich | _ricxa_ | ree'chah + right | _prava_ | prah-vah + -- (correct) | _gxusta_ | joo'stah + ripe | _matura_ | mahtoo'rah + rough (not smooth) | _malglata_ | mahl-glah'tah + round | _ronda_ | rohn'dah + rude | _malgxentila_ | mahl-jenteela + sacred, holy | _sankta_ | sahnk'tah + sad | _malgxoja_ | mahl-joya + safe, secure | _sekura_ | seh-koo'rah + sharp | _akra_ | ah'krah + short | _mallonga_ | mahl-lohn'ga + silent | _silenta_ | seelehn'tah + simple | _simpla_ | seem'plah + slow | _malrapida_ | mahl-rahpee'dah + smooth | _glata_ | glah'tah + soft | _mola_ | mo'lah + sound, reliable | _fidinda_ | feedeen'dah + sour | _acideca_ | ahtsee-deht'sah + square | _kvadrata_ | kvah-drah'tah + straight | _rekta_ | rehk'tah + strange (curious) | _stranga_ | strahn'gah + strong | _forta_ | fohr'tah + stupid, dull | _stulta_ | stool'tah + sufficient | _suficxa_ | soofee'chah + sweet | _dolcxa_ | dohl'chah + tall | _altkreska_ | ahlt-krehs'kah + tender (loving) | _amplena_ | ahm-pleh'nah + thick | _dika_ | dee'kah + thin | _maldika_ | mahl-dee'ka + thirsty | _soifanta_ | so-eefahn'tah + tough | _koherema_ | ko-hehreh'mah + true | _vera_ | veh'rah + ugly | _malbela_ | mahl-beh'la + unsettled | _necerta_ | neht-sehr'tah + (weather) | | + useful | _utila_ | ootee'la + usual | _kutima_ | kootee'ma + valuable | _multvalora_ | mooltvahlo'ra + various | _diversa_ | deevehr'sah + warm | _varma_ | vahr'ma + weak | _malforta_ | mahl-fohr'ta + wet | _malseka_ | mahl-seh'kah + whole | _tuta_ | too'tah + willing | _volonta_ | volohn'tah + wise | _sagxa_ | sah'jah + wrong | _malprava_ | mahl-prah'vah + young | _juna_ | yoo'nah + + +36. Verbs. + +(For Grammatical Notes see section "The Verb".) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + To accept | _akcepti_ | ahk-tsehp'tee + " admire | _admiri_ | ahdmeer'ee + " answer, reply | _respondi_ | rehspohn'dee + " approve | _aprobi_ | ahpro'bee + " arrive | _alveni_ | ahl-veh'nee + " ascend | _supreniri_ | soo'preh-neer'ee + " ask | _demandi_ | dehman'dee + " attract, draw | _altiri_ | ahl-teer'ee + " awake, _intr._ | _vekigxi_ | vehkee'jee + " be | _esti_ | eh'stee + " be hungry | _malsati_ | mahl-sah'tee + " be ignorant of | _nescii_ | nehst-see'ee + " be mistaken | _trompigxi_ | trohmpee'jee + " be quiet, silent | _silenti_ | seelehn'tee + " be thirsty | _soifi_ | so-ee'fee + " beat | _bati_ | bah'tee + " begin, _tr._ | _komenci_ | kohment'see + " believe | _kredi_ | kreh'dee + " blame | _mallauxdi_ | mahl-lahw'dee + " boil, _intr._; | _boli; boligi_ | bo'lee; bo-lee'ghee + --, _tr._ | | + " borrow | _pruntepreni_ | proon'teh-preh'nee + " bring | _alporti_ | ahl-por'tee + " build | _konstrui_ | konstroo'ee + " button | _butonumi_ | bootonoo'mee + " buy | _acxeti_ | ahcheh'tee + " carry | _porti_ | pohr'tee + " catch cold | _malvarmumi_ | mahl-vahrmoo'mee + " chat | _babili_ | bahbee'lee + " climb | _grimpi_ | grim'pee + " compare | _kompari_ | kohmpah'ree + " consent | _konsenti_ | konsehn'tee + " continue, | _dauxri_ | dahw'ree + _intr._ | | + " cook | _kuiri_ | koo-ee'ree + " cough | _tusi_ | too'see + " cover | _kovri_ | ko'vree + " dance | _danci_ | dahnt'see + " decide | _decidi_ | deht-see'dee + " deny | _nei_ | neh'ee + " depart, go away | _foriri_ | for-eer'ee + " descend | _malsupreniri_ | mahl-sooprehn-eer'ee + " desire, wish | _deziri_ | deh-zeer'ee + (for) | | + " dine | _cxefmangxi_ | chehf-mahn'jee + " do, make | _fari_ | fah'ree + " doubt | _dubi_ | doo'bee + " draw, pull | _tiri_ | teer'ee + " dream | _songxi_ | sohn'jee + " drink | _trinki_ | trin'kee + " dress | _vesti_ | veh'stee + " dwell, live | _logxi_ | lo'jee + " eat | _mangxi_ | mahn'jee + " exchange | _intersxangxi_ | intehr-shahn'jee + " excuse | _ekskuzi_ | ekskoo'zee + " explain | _komprenigi_ | kompreh-nee'ghee + " fall | _fali_ | fah'lee + " feel (by touch) | _palpi_ | pahl'pee + " feel (in mind) | _senti_ | sehn'tee + " find | _trovi_ | tro'vee + " finish, _tr._ | _fini_ | fee'nee + " follow | _sekvi_ | sehk'vee + " forget | _forgesi_ | fohr-gheh'see + " gather | _kolekti_ | ko-lehk'tee + " get | _akiri_ | ahkee'ree + " get up | _levigxi_ | lehvee'jee + " give | _doni_ | doh'nee + " go | _iri_ | eer'ee + " go in | _eniri_ | ehneer'ee + " go out | _eliri_ | ehleer'ee + " grow | _kreski_ | kreh'skee + " guide | _gvidi_ | gvee'dee + " hate | _malami_ | mahlah'mee + " have | _havi_ | hah'vee + " hear | _auxdi_ | ahw'dee + " hesitate | _heziti_ | heh-zee'tee + " hide | _kasxi_ | kah'shee + " hope | _esperi_ | espehr'ee + " imagine | _imagi_ | imah'ghee + " ignore | _ignori_ | ignoh'ree + " intend | _intenci_ | intehnt'see + " introduce (one) | _prezenti_ | prehzehn'tee + -- (a thing) | _enkonduki_ | ehnkon-doo'kee + " joke | _sxerci_ | shehrt'see + " jump | _salti_ | sahl'tee + " know | _scii_ | stsee'ee + " laugh | _ridi_ | ree'dee + " learn | _lerni_ | lehr'nee + " lend | _pruntedoni_ | proon'teh-doh'nee + " lie down | _kusxigxi_ | koo-shee'jee + " live (be alive) | _vivi_ | vee'vee + " look for | _sercxi_ | sehr'chee + " lose | _perdi_ | pehr'dee + " love | _ami_ | ah'mee + " marry, _intr._ | _edzigxi_ | ehdzee'-jee + (of a man) | | + -- (of a woman) | _edzinigxi_ | ehdzee-nee'jee + " meet | _renkonti_ | rehn-kon'tee + " mention | _aludi_ | ahloo'dee + " need, want | _bezoni_ | behzoh'nee + " object | _oponi_ | opoh'nee + " obtain | _obteni_ | obteh'nee + " offend | _ofendi_ | ofehn'dee + " offer | _proponi_ | pro-po'nee + " open | _malfermi_ | mahl-fehr'mee + " order (goods) | _mendi_ | mehn'dee + " order, command | _ordoni_ | ohrdoh'nee + " pack up | _paki_ | pah'kee + " paint | _pentri_ | pehn'tree + " pay; repay | _pagi; repagi_ | pah'ghee; reh-pah'ghee + " plant | _planti_ | plahn'tee + " play | _ludi_ | loo'dee + " plough | _plugi_ | ploo'ghee + " pluck, pick | _desxiri_ | deh-sheer'ee + " praise | _lauxdi_ | lahw'dee + " prove | _pruvi_ | proo'vee + " read | _legi_ | leh'ghee + " reap | _rikolti_ | reekohl'tee + " reckon, count | _kalkuli_ | kahl-koo'lee + " receive | _ricevi_ | reetseh'vee + " refuse | _rifuzi_ | ree-foo'zee + " regret | _bedauxri_ | behdahw'ree + " remember | _memori_ | meh-mohr'ee + " repeat | _ripeti_ | reepeh'tee + " rest | _ripozi_ | reepo'zee + " return, come | _reveni_ | rehveh'nee + back | | + -- (go back) | _reiri_ | reh-eer'ee + -- (give back) | _redoni_ | reh-doh'nee + " ring, _tr._ | _sonorigi_ | so-no-ree'ghee + " roast | _rosti_ | roh'stee + " run | _kuri_ | koor'ee + " say, tell | _diri_ | dee'ree + " search for | _sercxi_ | sehr'chee + " see | _vidi_ | vee'dee + " sell | _vendi_ | vehn'dee + " serve | _servi_ | sehr'vee + " sew, stitch | _kudri_ | koo'dree + " shave | _razi_ | rah'zee + " shine | _brili_ | bree'lee + " show | _montri_ | mohn'tree + " sign (letter, | _subskribi_ | soob-skree'bee + etc.) | | + " sit down | _sidigxi_ | seedee'jee + " sleep | _dormi_ | dohr'mee + " sneeze | _terni_ | tehr'nee + " sow (seed) | _semi_ | seh'mee + " speak | _paroli_ | pahro'lee + " spoil, _tr._ | _difekti_ | deefehk'tee + " steal | _sxteli_ | shteh'lee + " study | _studi_ | stoo'dee + " swear | _jxuri_ | zhoor'ee + " take | _preni_ | preh'nee + " take off | _depreni_ | deh-preh'nee + " take a walk | _promeni_ | pro-meh'nee + " taste, _tr._ | _gustumi_ | goostoo'mee + " tell (a tale) | _rakonti_ | rahkon'tee + " thank | _danki_ | dahn'kee + " think | _pensi_ | pehn'see + " throw | _jxeti_ | zheh'tee + " touch | _tusxi_ | too'shee + " translate | _traduki_ | trahdoo'kee + " travel | _vojagxi_ | vo-yah'jee + " unbutton | _malbutonumi_ | mahl-bootohnoo'mee + " unpack | _malpaki_ | mahl-pah'kee + " wash | _lavi_ | lah'vee + " weep | _plori_ | plo'ree + " weigh, _tr._; | _pesi; pezi_ | peh'see; peh'zee + --, _int._ | | + " will, be willing | _voli_ | vo'lee + " work | _labori_ | lah-boh'ree + " wrap up | _envolvi_ | ehn-vol'vee + " write | _skribi_ | skree'bee + " yield, give way | _cedi_ | tseh'dee + + +37. Adverbs, Conjunctions & Prepositions. (_Adverboj, Konjunkcioj kaj +Prepozicioj._) + +(For Grammatical Notes see the elementary grammar.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + About (nearly) | _proksimume_ | prokseemoo'meh + about (concerning) | _pri_ | pree + above | _super_ | soo'pehr + above all | _antaux cxio_ | ahn'tahw chee'oh + absolutely | _absolute_ | ahbsoloo'teh + according to | _laux_ | lah'w + across | _trans_ | trahnss + afresh | _denove_ | dehno'veh + after, next to | _post_ | pohst + afterwards | _poste_ | pohss'teh + again | _ree_ | reh'eh + against | _kontraux_ | kohn'trahw + all (of) | _cxiom (da)_ | chee'ohm (dah) + all at once, | _subite_ | soobee'teh + suddenly | | + almost | _preskaux_ | preh'skahw + alone, solely | _sole_ | so'leh + aloud | _lauxte_ | lahw'teh + already | _jam_ | yahm + also, too, besides | _ankaux_ | ahn'kahw + although | _kvankam_ | kvahn'kahm + altogether, quite | _tute_ | too'teh + always | _cxiam_ | chee'ahm + and | _kaj_ | kah'y + anywhere | _kie ajn_ | kee'eh ah'yn + around, round | _cxirkaux_ | cheer'kahw + about | | + as...as | _tiel...kiel..._ | tee'ehl...kee'ehl... + as much, as many | _tiom_ | tee'ohm + as much as | _tiom kiom_ | tee'ohm kee'ohm + as soon as, | _tuj kiam_ | too'y kee'ahm + immediately | | + at | _cxe_ | cheh + at first | _unue_ | oonoo'eh + at last | _fine_ | fee'neh + at least | _almenaux_ | ahl-meh'nahw + at [the] most | _pleje_ | pleh'yeh + at once | _tuj_ | tooy' + at present | _nune_ | noo'neh + badly | _malbone_ | mahlbo'neh + because | _cxar_ | chahr + before | _antaux_ | ahn'tahw + behind | _post_ | pohst + below, under, | _sub_ | soob + beneath | | + besides, beyond | _krom_ | krohm + better | _pli bone_ | plee bo'neh + between, among(st) | _inter_ | een'tehr + beyond | _preter_ | preh'tehr + briefly, shortly | _mallonge_ | mahl-lohn'geh + but | _sed_ | sehd + by the side of | _apud, flanke de_ | ah'pood, flahn'keh deh + by turns | _lauxvice_ | lahw-veet'seh + close to | _apud_ | ah'pood + consequently | _sekve_ | sehk'veh + daily | _cxiutage_ | chee-ootah'gheh + doubtless | _sendube_ | sehndoo'beh + down (direction) | _malsupren_ | mahlsoo'prehn + down (position) | _malsupre_ | mahlsoo'preh + during | _dum_ | doom + early, betimes | _frue_ | froo'eh + either...or | _aux...aux_ | ahw...ahw + elsewhere | _aliloke_ | ahleelo'keh + enough (of) | _suficxe (da)_ | soofee'cheh (dah) + even if | _ecx se_ | ehch seh + everywhere | _cxie_ | chee'eh + exactly | _precize_ | preht-see'zeh + exceedingly | _treege_ | treh-eh'geh + except, _prep._ | _escepte_ | est-sehp'teh + far, distant | _malproksime_ | mahl-proksee'meh + for, _conj._ | _cxar_ | chahr + for, _prep._ | _por_ | pohr + formerly | _antauxe_ | ahntah'weh + from | _de_ | deh + full of | _plena de_ | pleh'nah deh + fully | _plene_ | pleh'neh + hardly | _apenaux_ | ahpeh'nahw + here | _cxi tie, tie cxi_ | chee tee'eh, tee'eh + | | chee + herewith | _cxi-kune_ | chee-koo'neh + how, like | _kiel_ | kee'ehl + how much? | _kiom?_ | kee'ohm? + however | _tamen_ | tah'mehn + immediately | _tuj_ | too'y + in | _en_ | ehn + in every way | _cxiel_ | chee'ehl + in front, before | _antauxe_ | ahntah'weh + in future | _en la estonteco_ | ehn lah estohn-teht'so + in spite of | _malgraux_ | mahl'grahw + in the midst of | _meze de_ | meh'zeh deh + indeed | _vere_ | veh'reh + inside | _interne de, en_ | intehr'neh deh, ehn + instead of | _anstataux_ | ahnstaht'ahw + late | _malfrue_ | mahl-froo'eh + less | _malpli_ | mahl'plee + little (of) | _malmulte (da)_ | mahl-mool'teh (dah) + little by little | _iom post iom_ | ee'ohm pohst ee'ohm + more | _pli_ | plee + more or less | _pli malpli_ | plee mahl'plee + the more...the | _ju pli...des pli_ | yoo plee...dehs plee + more | | + much, very | _tre_ | treh + mutually | _reciproke_ | reht'see-pro'keh + near; -- to | _proksime; -- de_ | prohksee'meh; -- deh + neither...nor | _nek...nek_ | nehk...nehk + never | _neniam_ | neh-nee'ahm + nevertheless | _tamen_ | tah'mehn + not | _ne_ | neh + not at all | _tute ne_ | too'teh neh + notwithstanding | _malgraux (tio)_ | mahl'grahw (tee'oh) + not yet | _ankoraux ne_ | ahnkoh'rahw neh + now | _nun_ | noon + nowadays | _nuntempe, hodiaux_ | noon-tehm'peh, + | | hoh-dee'ahw + nowhere | _nenie_ | neh-nee'eh + of | _de; da_ (after | deh; dah + | numerals) | + of course | _kompreneble_ | kompreh-neh'bleh + often | _ofte_ | off'teh + on, upon | _sur_ | soor + on account of | _pro_ | pro + on no account | _nenial_ | neh-nee'ahl + on the contrary | _kontrauxe_ | kontrah'weh + on the left | _maldekstre_ | mahl-dek'streh + on the right | _dekstre_ | dehk'streh + only | _nur_ | noor + opposite | _kontrauxe_ | kontrah'weh + or | _aux_ | ahw + otherwise | _alie_ | ahlee'eh + outside, out of | _ekster_ | eks'tehr + over | _super_ | soo'pehr + perhaps | _eble_ | eh'bleh + presently, soon | _baldaux_ | bahl'dahw + previously | _antauxe_ | ahntah'weh + purposely | _intence_ | intehnt'seh + quickly | _rapide_ | rahpee'deh + rather, preferably | _prefere_ | prehfeh'reh + rather, somewhat | _iom_ | ee'ohm + save, excepting | _escepte_ | ehst-sehp'teh + scarcely | _apenaux_ | ahpeh'nahw + seldom, rarely | _malofte_ | mahl-off'teh + since, _prep._ | _de_ | deh + --, _conj._ | _cxar_ | chahr + -- (the time when) | _de l' tempo kiam_ | dehl tehm'po kee'ahm + so, thus | _tiel_ | tee'ehl + so much | _tiom_ | tee'ohm + somehow | _iel_ | ee'ehl + something | _io_ | ee'oh + sometimes | _kelkafoje_ | kehl'kah-fo'yeh + soon | _baldaux_ | bahl'dahw + suddenly | _subite_ | soo-bee'teh + that, _conj._ | _ke_ | keh + that is | _tio estas_ (abbr., | tee'oh es'tahss + | _t.e._) | + then | _tiam_ | tee'ahm + then, _conj._ | _do_ | doh + thence | _de tie_ | deh tee'eh + there | _tie_ | tee'eh + through | _tra_ | trah + through (by means | _per_ | pehr + of) | | + till, until | _gxis_ | jeess + to | _al_ | ahl + together | _kune_ | koo'neh + too much, too | _tro_ | tro + towards | _al, en la direkto de_ | ahl, ehn lah + | | deerehk'toh deh + unexpectedly | _neatendite_ | neh-ahtehndee'teh + unless | _se...ne_ | seh...neh + until | _gxis_ | jeess + up, upwards | _supren_ | soo'prehn + up above | _supre_ | soo'preh + weekly | _cxiusemajne_ | chee'oo-sehmah'y-neh + well | _bone_ | bo'neh + when | _kiam_ | kee'ahm + whence? | _de kie?_ | deh kee'eh? + where? | _kie?_ | kee'eh? + wherever | _kie ajn_ | kee'eh ahyn' + whether, if | _cxu_ | choo + while, whilst | _dum_ | doom + why? | _kial?_ | kee'ehl? + willingly | _volonte_ | volohn'teh + wisely | _sagxe_ | sah'jeh + with | _kun_ | koon + within | _interne_ | intehr'neh + without | _sen_ | sehn + yearly | _cxiujare_ | chee'oo-yah'reh + yet, as yet | _ankoraux_ | ahnkoh'rahw + + + + +ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR. + + +The Article. + +The DEFINITE ARTICLE _the_ is in Esperanto represented by _la_. Like the +article in English, _la_ does not vary with the number or gender of the +noun before which it is placed; e.g., _la briko_, the brick; _la +brikoj_, the bricks; _la patro_, the father; _la patrinoj_, the mothers. + +The INDEFINITE ARTICLE _a_ is not expressed in Esperanto. Thus, "_filo_" +is _son_ or _a son_. + + +The Noun. + +In Esperanto every noun in the singular ends in *o*. Thus: viro, _a +man_; la libro, _the book_. The plural is formed from the singular by +adding the termination *-j*. Thus: viroj, _men_; la libroj, _the books_. + +In order to allow each nation to construct its sentences in the order to +which it is accustomed, every noun in Esperanto has two forms or +"cases," (1) the NOMINATIVE, or unchanged form, and (2) the ACCUSATIVE, +which is formed from the nominative by adding the termination *-n*. This +is merely to distinguish between subject and object. The accusative form +is also used to indicate motion towards, etc. + + +The Adjective. + +All adjectives end in the nominative singular in *a*. They may be placed +either before or after the noun. As in the case of the noun, the plural +is formed by adding the termination *-j*, and the accusative is formed +by adding *-n* to the nominative. The adjective agrees in number and +case with the noun which it qualifies. Ex.:-- + + Blua libro (_or_ libro blua), _a blue book_; bluaj libroj, _blue books_. + La viro legas bluan libron. _The man reads a blue book._ + La viroj legas bluajn librojn. _The men are reading blue books._ + +Thanks to the accusative case, one might say without loss of clearness: +Bluan libron legas la viro, _or_ la viro bluan libron legas, _or_ bluan +libron la viro legas, etc. + + +Degrees of Comparison. + +There are three degrees of comparison, as in English: + +The POSITIVE, as _bona_, good; _bela_, beautiful; _granda_, big, great. + +The COMPARATIVE is formed by placing _pli_ (more) or _malpli_ (less) +before the positive, thus: _bona_, good--_pli bona_, better; _bela_, +beautiful--_malpli bela_, less beautiful. The comparison may be +heightened by using _multe_ (much), thus: _multe pli_ (or _malpli_) +_bela_. + +_Than_ is translated by _ol_, thus: _pli_ (or _malpli_) _bela ol_..., +more (_or_ less) beautiful than... + +The SUPERLATIVE degree is formed by using _plej_ (most) with the +positive; as _bela_, beautiful--_plej bela_, most beautiful. + +_Of_ with a superlative is translated by the preposition _el_ (out of). +_La plej granda el cxiuj_, the greatest of all. + +_The more...the more_, _the less...the less_, are translated by means of +the particles _ju_ and _des_. Thus: _Ju pli oni studas, des pli oni +lernas_, the more one studies, the more one learns. _Ju pli mi kun li +parolas, des malpli mi lin estimas_, the more I speak to him, the less I +esteem him. + + +Cardinal Numbers. + +The CARDINAL NUMBERS may be used as _nouns_, by the addition of the +ending *-o*. Thus, _unuo_, a unit; _trio_, a trio; _dekduo_, a dozen; +_dudeko_, a score; _cento_, a hundred; _milo_, a thousand. Note that +_miliono_ is ALWAYS used as a noun. + +When a number or any other word is used as a noun of quantity, the noun +which follows it must be preceded by the quantitative preposition +*da*:--_Dekduo da ovoj_, a dozen eggs; _milo da soldatoj_, a thousand +soldiers (one might of course also say _dek du ovoj_, _mil soldatoj_); +_du metroj da drapo_, two metres of cloth; _tri funtoj da sukero_, three +pounds of sugar. + + +Ordinal Numbers. + +The ORDINAL NUMBERS are formed by adding the adjectival ending *-a* to +the Cardinals. In Compound Ordinal Numbers, the groups of hundreds, +tens, units, etc., are _joined by hyphens_, and the ending *-a* is added +to the unit numeral. Thus: _unu_, one--_unua_, first; _tria_, third; +_dek-unua_, eleventh; _tridek-sepa_, thirty-seventh; +_kvarcent-sesdek-dua_, 462nd, and so on. Written in figures these would +be _1a_, _3a_, _11a_, _37a_, _462a_. The Ordinals are of course +inflected like adjectives. (See section "The Adjective".) + + +Fractions + +FRACTIONALS are formed by adding the suffix *-on* (plus the endings *o*, +*a*, or *e* as required) to the Cardinal Numbers. Thus: _unu duono_, +one-half; _tri kvaronoj_, three-quarters; _dek sep dek-nauxonoj_, 17/19; + _dudek tri kvarmil-kvincent-tridek-nauxonoj_, 23/4539. _Duone vera_ (or +_duonvera_), half-true. _Tri-kvaronoj da funto_ (or _trikvaronfuntoj_), +3/4 lb. _Duono da funto_ (or _duonfunto_), 1/2 lb. + + +Multiples, Collectives, and Distributives. + +MULTIPLE Numbers are formed from the Cardinals by adding the suffix +*-obl*, with the requisite grammatical ending *o*, *a*, or *e*. Thus: +_duobla_, double; _duoblo_, a double; _duoble_, doubly; _tridekoble_, +thirty-fold; _sesoble naux estas_ (or _faras_) _kvindek kvar_, six nines +are fifty-four; _duoble du estas kvar_, twice two are four. + +COLLECTIVE Numerals are formed by the addition of the suffix *-op* (plus +the grammatical termination required). Thus: _duope_, two at a time, two +together; _nauxope_, nine at a time; _ili venadis dekope_, they came in +tens; _dumilopa tacxmento_, a detachment two thousand strong. + +DISTRIBUTIVES are shown by the preposition _po_, meaning _at the rate +of_. Thus: _li acxetis por cxiu infano po ses pomoj_, he bought six +apples for each child; _li ricevas po dek sxilingoj por cxiu tago_, he +gets ten shillings a day; _la vagonaro veturas po sesdek mejloj en cxiu +horo_ (or _cxiuhore_), the train travels at (the rate of) sixty miles an +hour, etc. + + +The Pronoun. + +The PERSONAL PRONOUNS are, in the nominative: _Mi_, I; _vi_, you (sing. +and pl.); _ni_, we; _li_, he; _sxi_, she; _gxi_, it; _ili_, they. + +The archaic English _thou_ may be translated by _ci_. + +The Accusative case of the personal pronouns is formed like that of +nouns and adjectives, by adding *-n*. Thus: _Min_, me; _vin_, you; +_nin_, us; _lin_, him; _sxin_, her; _gxin_, it; _ilin_, them. + +The REFLEXIVE PRONOUN of the 3rd person is _si_ (accusative _sin_), +standing for _himself_, _herself_, _itself_, _one's-self_, or +_themselves_, as the case may be. There is no special reflexive form for +the pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person, _I_, _we_, and _you_. + +The INDEFINITE PERSONAL PRONOUN is _oni_ (= the French _on_)--one, +people, they, you. Ex.: _Li amas sin_, he loves himself; _sxi amas sin_, +she loves herself; _gxi montras sin_, it shows itself; _ili diras al +si_, they say to themselves; _oni vidas sin_, one sees one's-self; _mi +lavas min_, I wash myself; _vi lauxdas vin_, you praise yourself. + + +Possessive Adjectives or Pronouns. + +By adding the adjectival ending *-a* to the personal pronouns, the +POSSESSIVE Adjectives and Pronouns are obtained. Thus: _Mia_, my, mine; +_cia_, thy, thine; _via_, your, yours; _nia_, our, ours; _lia_, his; +_sxia_, her, hers; _gxia_, its; _sia_ (reflexive), his, her(s), its, +their(s), one's. + +NOTE the following use of _sia_. In English the sentence, "He saw his +friend with his brother," is not clear. Does it mean that he saw his +friend (1) with his _friend's brother_, or (2) with his _own brother_? +In Esperanto, the use of _sia_ makes the meaning quite clear; (1) would +be: _Li vidis sian amikon kun LIA frato_, and (2) would be: _Li vidis +sian amikon kun SIA frato_. + +The word _mem_, meaning _-self or -selves_, may be added to a personal +pronoun to give emphasis. Thus: _Konu vin mem_, know thyself; _li iris +mem_, he went himself; _li mem_, himself; _li parolis al si mem_, he +spoke to himself. + +Like other adjectives, possessives agree in case and number with the +noun to which they refer. Ex.: + + _lia libro_, his book; _liaj libroj_, his books; + _sxi havas lian, kaj li havas sxian_, she has his, and he has hers; + _liaj estas la plej bonaj libroj_, his are the best books; + _mi preferas miajn_, I prefer mine; _li preferas siajn_, he prefers his; + _ili preferas siajn_, they prefer theirs. + + +Demonstrative Adjective or Pronoun. + +The DEMONSTRATIVE Adjective and Pronoun "that" is rendered in Esperanto +by the word _tiu_ (acc. _tiun_); plural _tiuj_ (acc. _tiujn_), those. +The addition (either before or after) of the particle _cxi_ to the +singular and plural respectively, gives _this_ and _these_. Ex.: + + _Tiu viro_, that man. _Tiu estas mia_, that (one) is mine. + _Mi elektas tiun_, I choose that (one). + _Mi preferas tiun cxi_ (or _cxi tiujn_), I prefer this (one). + _Tiuj cxi_ (or _cxi tiuj_) _estas miaj_, these are mine. + _Mi portos tiujn cxi_, I will carry these. + + +Interrogative Pronouns. + +_Kiu?_--who, which? Plural, _kiuj?_ _Kio?_--what? _Kies?_--whose? _Al +kiu?_--to whom? _Kiun?_--whom? (acc.), _kiujn?_ (acc. plu.). Ex.: + + _Kiu estas tiu?_--who is that? + _Kiun vi deziras vidi?_--whom do you desire to see? + _Kiuj foriris?_--which (ones) went away? + _Kiujn vi vidis?_--which ones did you see? + +_Kiu_ is also used with ADJECTIVAL meaning. Thus: _Kiu libro estas +via?_--which book is yours? _Kiun libron vi preferas?_--which book do +you prefer? _Kiuj domoj apartenas al vi?_--which houses belong to you? +_Kiujn stratojn vi konas?_--which streets do you know? _Kio estas +tio?_--what is that? _Kion li volas?_--what does he want? + +The English _-ever_ is translated by _ajn_. For example: _Kiu ajn li +estas, ne parolu al li_, whoever he be, do not speak to him. _Kies ajn_, +whosesoever. _Kiu(j)n ajn_, whomever. + + +Relative Pronouns. + +The Relative Pronouns are identical with the Interrogative: _Kiu(j)_, +who, that, which, _kiu(j)n_, whom, that, which. Ex.: + + _La libro, kiun vi legas_, the book (which) you are reading. + _Tiu, kiu parolis al vi_, the one who spoke to you. + _La personoj, kiujn li konas_, the persons (whom) he knows. + _Tio, kion li diras, ne estas vera_, what he says is not true. + _La arbo, kies supron vi vidas_, the tree whose top you can see. + + +Indefinite Pronouns. + + _iu_ (acc. _iun_), anyone, someone or other; + _ies_, anyone's, someone's; + _iuj_ (acc. _iujn_), any persons, some persons or other; + _io_ (acc. _ion_), anything, something. + + _cxiu_ (acc. _cxiun_), everyone, each; + _cxies_, everyone's, everybody's, each one's; + _cxiuj_ (acc. _cxiujn_), everybody, all; + _cxio_ (acc. _cxion_), everything, all. + + _neniu_ (acc. _neniun_), no one, nobody; + _nenies_, no one's, nobody's; + _nenio_ (acc. _nenion_), nothing, not anything. + +NOTE.--_Iu_, _cxiu_, and _neniu_ are also used with nouns. Thus: _Kiun +libron vi deziras?_ Which book do you desire? _Iun ajn libron._ Any +book. _Iu homo_, any man, some man or other. _Cxiu bona patro amas siajn +infanojn_, every good father loves his children. _Cxiuj liaj amikoj_ (or +_cxiu lia amiko_), all his friends, every friend of his. _Mi renkontis +neniun amikon_, I met no friend. + +Other PRONOMINAL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS are: + +_multaj(n)_, many; _multo(n)_, much; _malmultaj(n), malmulte da..._, a +few. Ex.: _malmultaj personoj_, few persons; _malmulte da scio_, little +knowledge. + +_kelkajn_, some, several; _kelke da..._, some. Ex.: _kelkaj personoj_, +some persons, several persons; _kelke da libroj_, some (quantity of) +books. + +_alia(n)_, another, other; _aliaj(n)_, others. Ex.: _ili parolis unu al +alia_, they spoke to one another; _ni parolis unu al la alia_, we spoke +to each other; _unu aux la alia tauxgos_, either (one or the other) will +do; _nek unu nek la alia konvenas_, neither (one nor the other) is +suitable. + +_ambaux_ (invariable), both. Ex.: _ambaux venis_, both came; _mi konas +ambaux fratojn_, I know both brothers; _mi vidis ilin ambaux_, I saw +both of them; _mi sxatas ambaux_, I like both. + + +The Verb. + + +Tenses. + +The VERB in Esperanto has three main Tenses--the Present, Past, and +Future. These are denoted by means of the verbal endings *-as*, *-is*, +and *-os*. Thus, from the root _vid_, see, are formed: + + Present. | Past. | Future. + _mi vidas_, I see | _mi vidis_, I saw | _mi vidos_, I shall see + + +Moods. + +Every Esperanto verb has three Moods--the Conditional, the Imperative, +and the Infinitive, which are formed respectively by means of the +endings *-us*, *-u*, and *-i*. Thus: + + Conditional. | Imperative. | Infinitive. + _mi vidus_, I should see | _vidu_, see! | _vidi_, to see + +The CONDITIONAL Mood is used to express _supposition_; the three Tenses, +on the other hand, are used to express _facts_ or actual happenings. +(For examples, see §. "Conjunctions".) + +The IMPERATIVE Mood is used to express an order, desire, wish, will, +etc. (See §. "Use of Imperative".) Used with the personal pronouns of +the 1st and 2nd persons, this mood corresponds to the English _let_, +used as an expression of a wish. Thus: _mi pensu_, let me think; _li +venu morgaux_, let him come to-morrow; _ili parolu_, let them speak. + +NOTE that _let_ sometimes means _to allow, to give leave_, in which case +the verb _lasi_ is used. Thus: let (allow) him come, _lasu lin veni_; +leave it there, _lasu gxin tie_. + +The Imperative may be used interrogatively to translate the English +_shall_, with an idea of wish or desire. Thus: + + What shall I give you? _Kion mi donu al vi?_ + What shall we do to-day? _Kion ni faru hodiaux?_ + +_What will he do?_ would of course be simply _Kion li faros?_--for there +is here no question of desire or wish, but merely a question of future +action. + +The INFINITIVE Mood is used to express the mere idea of the verb, +without any limit of person or number, and corresponds to the English +_to_ before the verb. Thus: _kuri_, to run; _paroli_, to speak. + +NOTE.--In Esperanto, as is largely the case in English, the mood and +tense endings of the verb _do not vary_ according to person or number. +For instance: _mi vidas_, I see, _li vidas_, he sees; also _ni vidis_, +we saw, _ili vidis_, they saw; _vi vidos_, you will see; _oni vidos_, +one will see; _sxi vidus_, she would see, _vi vidus_, you would see. + + +Participles. + +There are in Esperanto _six_ participles, three active and three +passive, corresponding to three tenses. They are formed in the ACTIVE by +means of the endings *-ant*, *-int*, and *-ont*, and in the PASSIVE by +means of the endings *-at*, *-it*, *-ot*, with the addition of the +adjectival termination *-a*. Thus: + + ACTIVE. + Present. | Past. | Future. + _vidanta_, seeing | _vidinta_, having-seen | _vidonta_, about-to-see + + PASSIVE. + _vidata_, | _vidita_, | _vidota_, + (being) seen | (having-been) seen | (about-to-be) seen + +The PARTICIPLES may be used either as _Nouns_, _Adjectives_, or +_Adverbs_, the terminations *-o*, *-a*, *-e* being added to the +participial endings as required. When used as nouns or adjectives, they +of course take the sign of the Plural (*-j*) and of the Accusative +(*-n*) when the construction of the sentence so requires. Ex.: + + (1) ACTIVE. _En la venonta jaro_, in the coming year. _La parolanto_, + the speaker. _La auxskultantoj_, the audience (_lit._, listeners). _Mi + vidis lin skribantan_, I saw him writing. _Li foriris kurante_, he + went off at a run. _Li revenis ne vidinte sian amikon_, he returned + without having seen his friend. + + (2) PASSIVE. _La ekzamenato_, the examinee. _La mortigitoj kaj + vunditoj_, the killed and wounded. _Estimata sinjoro_, dear (_lit._, + esteemed) sir. _Frapote, li sin defendis_, about to be struck, he + defended himself. _Mi auxdis tiun himnon kantatan_, I heard that hymn + sung. + + +Compound Tenses. + +The COMPOUND TENSES are formed by means of the auxiliary verb *esti*, to +be. Thus, by the combination of the participles with the six tenses and +moods, we obtain thirty-six compound tenses, enabling us to express with +the utmost precision any time-relation whatsoever. We have in all: + + _li estas_, or _estis_, or _estos_ { _vidanta_ or _vidata_ + or _estus_, or _estu_, or _esti_ { _vidinta_ or _vidita_ + { _vidonta_ or _vidota_ + +The use of the participles is very easy when once one grasps the fact +that the auxiliary _esti_ serves to denote the particular division of +time, or the particular manner, of the occurrence of the action denoted +by the participle. Ex.: + + _Li estis skribanta, kiam mi vidis lin_, he was writing when I saw him. + _Li estis fininta, kiam mia amiko alvenis_, he had finished (_lit._, + was having finished) when my friend arrived. + _Mi estis tuj forironta, kiam vi aperis_, I was just about to go out + when you appeared. + _Li estas nunmomente parolanta_, he is speaking at this very moment. + _Li estas mortonta_, he is about to die. + _Li estus jam foririnta_, he would have already departed (_lit._, + would be already gone away). + +The word _by_ after a Passive is translated by the preposition *de*. +Thus: The wood was being chopped by the boy, _la ligno estis hakata de +la knabo_. He has been seen by all, _li estas vidita de cxiuj_. + +NOTE.--The COMPOUND TENSES should not be used if the SIMPLE TENSES +suffice to show the meaning clearly. Thus, _I have seen him_ is more +neatly expressed by _mi jam vidis lin_ than by _mi estas vidinta lin_. +_Li jam foriris_ might stand for either _he had gone_ or _he has gone_, +according to circumstances, and the context would clearly show which was +meant. _Li parolas_ is generally quite right for _he is speaking_. _Li +estas parolanta_ should be used only when it is particularly intended to +show that he is _actually engaged_ in the act of speaking. + + +The Adverb. + +In Esperanto, ADVERBS are denoted by the ending *-e*, and may be placed +in any position, either before or after the verb. Thus: _bela_, +beautiful--_bele_, beautifully; _vera_, true--_vere_, truly. _Li parolas +sagxe_, he speaks wisely. _Li rapide kuras_, he runs quickly. + + +Adverbial Numbers. + +ADVERBIAL NUMBERS are formed by adding *-e* to the Cardinals. Thus: +_unue_ (_1e_), firstly; _trie_ (_3e_), thirdly; _sepe_ (_7e_), etc. + + +The Preposition. + +In English, one preposition often has many different meanings. In +Esperanto, on the contrary, every preposition, with the exception of the +word _je_, has one precise and fixed meaning. + +The preposition *je* is the only one in Esperanto without a definite +meaning. It sometimes happens that one wishes to use a preposition of +some sort or other, but is uncertain just which preposition will +precisely express the idea. In such cases _je_ is used. Thus: He laughed +_at_ me, _li ridis je mi_; full _of_ water, _plena je akvo_; six metres +long, _longa je ses metroj_; fear _of_ him, _timo je li_, etc. + +_Je_ should not be abused. Its too frequent use is a mark of the +beginner in the language. + + +Use of Accusative. + +When there is no ambiguity to be feared, the preposition _je_, and even +other prepositions, are often omitted in Esperanto; and the word to +which the preposition, if expressed, would have referred is put into the +accusative. Thus, instead of saying _li ridas je mi_ (he is laughing at +me), one might say _li ridas min_; similarly, _du metrojn alta_ would +stand for _alta je du metroj_. _Gxi kostis je tri sxilingoj_ is more +usually expressed: _gxi kostis tri sxilingojn_. _Mi restis tie dum kvin +horoj_ (I stayed there for five hours) could be: _mi restis tie kvin +horojn_; and so on. + +Certain prepositions, viz., _antaux_, before, _cxe_, at, _en_, in, +_sub_, under, _sur_, on, _kontraux_, against, _super_, over, and +_trans_, across, are often used to denote _movement towards_, whereas of +themselves they only express _rest at_. In order to make it quite clear +whether motion or rest is intended, use is made of the accusative. Thus: +_li promenis en la urbo_, he took a walk _in_ the city; but _li promenis +en la urbon_, he took a walk _into_ the city. _Li kuris antaux mi_, he +ran (along) before or in front of me; but _li pasxis antaux min_, he +stepped in front of me; and so on. + +ADVERBS are sometimes used with prepositional force. Thus: _proksime de +la domo_, near the house; _dekstre de la arbo_, on the right of the +tree, etc. + + +The Conjunction. + +A full list of CONJUNCTIONS will be found on §. 37. The following +constructions should be noted: + + +Tenses after _Ke_ (that). + + _Mi vidis, ke sxi ploras_, I saw (that) she was crying. + _Mi sciis, ke li venos_, I knew that he _would_ come. + _Mi sciis, ke li jam alvenis_, I knew (that) he had already arrived. + _Li diris, ke se li estus tiel granda, kiel mi, li facile farus tion_, + he said that if he were as tall as I, he would easily do that. + +Note that in Esperanto the verb is put in the exact time or tense used +by the speaker. Thus: _mi ne sciis, cxu li venos_, I did not know +whether he would (_lit._, will) come; _ili ne diris, cxu ili vin +renkontis_, they did not say whether they had met you. + + +Use of Imperative. + +After verbs expressing wish, intention, will, or desire, or command, the +verb following is put in the IMPERATIVE MOOD. Thus: _mi ordonas, ke li +venu_, I order that he come (him to come); _mi tre deziris, ke li vivu_, +I very much wanted him to live; _ili intencis, ke ni perdu_, they +intended us to lose. Here the actual expressions used were: _li venu_, +_li vivu_, _ili perdu_. + + +Use of Conditional after _Se_. + + _Se vi tiel diris, vi malprave faris_, if you spoke thus you did + wrongly. + _Se vi tiel dirus, vi estus malprava_, if you said (were to say) thus, + you would be wrong. + _Se vi venos, vi vidos_, if you (will) come, you will see. + + +Interjections. + +The following are the principal INTERJECTIONS: + + _adiaux!_ adieu! farewell! + _ah!_ ah! + _antauxen!_ forward! + _atentu!_ look out! + _bis!_ encore! + _bone!_ good! + _certe!_ certainly! + _cxu ne?_ or _cxu ne vere?_ is not that so? + _cxu vere?_ is that so? + _efektive!_ indeed! + _fi!_ fie! + _for!_ away! be off! + _ha!_ ha! + _halt!_ halt! + _he!_ hey! halloo! + _ho!_ oh! + _ho ve!_ alas! + _hontinde!_ shameful! + _jen!_ there! + _kompreneble!_ naturally! of course! + _ne!_ no! + _neeble!_ impossible! + _nu!_ well! + _rapide!_ quick! + _rapidu!_ hurry up! + + +Formation of Words. + +In Esperanto, considerable use is made of prefixes and suffixes, every +one of which has a clear, fixed meaning. Great economy of vocabulary is +thus effected, one root-word in Esperanto sufficing, when modified by +suitable affixes, to translate many English words. Many of the affixes +are often met with as single words. In such cases the English +translation is added after the various examples of the affix in +question. + + +Prefixes. + +*bo-* denotes RELATIONSHIP BY MARRIAGE: _patro_, father, _bopatro_, +father-in-law; _filo_, son, _bofilo_, son-in-law. + +*dis-* denotes SEPARATION: _jxeti_, to throw, _disjxeti_, to scatter, +throw about; _peli_, to drive along, _dispeli_, to dispel, _fali_, to +fall, _disfali_, to fall apart, fall to pieces. + +*ek-* denotes a BEGINNING OF AN ACTION, a MOMENTARY ACTION: _iri_, to +go, _ekiri_, to begin to go, to start; _brili_, to shine, _ekbrili_, to +begin to shine, to flash. + +*ge-* denotes the TWO SEXES TAKEN TOGETHER: _patro_, father, _gepatroj_, +father and mother, parents; _frato_, brother, _gefratoj_, brother(s) and +sister(s); _Gesinjoroj B._, Mr. and Mrs. B. + +*mal-* denotes the OPPOSITE OF AN IDEA: _bona_, good, _malbona_, bad; +_sxati_, to like, _malsxati_, to dislike; _amiko_, friend, _malamiko_, +enemy; _lauxta_, loud, _mallauxte_, softly.--_Malo_, an opposite; +_male_, on the contrary. + +*pra-* is a prefix of RELATIONSHIP, corresponding to the English FORE-, +GREAT-: _patro_, father, _prapatro_, forefather, ancestor; _avo_, +grandfather; _praavo_, great-grandfather; _nepo_, grandson, _pranepo_, +great-grandson. + +*re-* denotes RETURN AND REPETITION: _iri_, to go, _reiri_, to go back, +or to go again; _repreni_, to take back; _revidi_, to see again.--_Ree_, +again. + + +Suffixes. + +*-acx* denotes that a word is used in a BAD SENSE, with DISPARAGEMENT: +_domo_, a house, _domacxo_, a hovel; _ridi_, to laugh, _ridacxi_, to +sneer. + +*-ad* denotes CONTINUATION OR DURATION of an action: _paroli_, to speak, +_paroladi_, to make a speech; _kanto_, a song, _kantado_, singing; +_vojagxo_, a voyage, _vojagxado_, travelling; _rido_, a laugh, _ridado_, +laughter. + +*-ajx* denotes some CONCRETE THING characterized by the idea contained +in the root: _bela_, beautiful, _belajxo_, a beautiful thing; _nutri_, +to feed, nourish, _nutrajxo_ (or _nutrantajxo_), food; _gxentila_, +polite, _gxentilajxo_, a polite act, act of politeness; _bovo_, ox, +_bovajxo_, beef.--_Ajxo_, a thing. + +*-an* denotes a PARTISAN OF, a MEMBER, an INHABITANT: _Kristo_, Christ, +_Kristano_, a Christian; _eklezio_, a church, _ekleziano_, a churchman; +_Londonano_, a Londoner.--_Ano_, a member. + +*-ar* denotes a COLLECTION OF, a NUMBER OF: _arbo_, tree, _arbaro_, a +forest; _homo_, a human being, _homaro_, mankind; _vorto_, a word, +_vortaro_, a dictionary.--_Aro_, a collection, number, gathering. + +*-cxj* added to the first two to five letters of a word, is used to +denote MASCULINE DIMINUTIVES OF ENDEARMENT: _Johano_, John, _Jocxjo_, +Jack; _patro_, father, _pacxjo_, papa, daddy. + +*-ebl* denotes POSSIBILITY, and corresponds to the English suffixes +-ABLE, -IBLE: _kredi_, to believe, _kredebla_, credible; _videbla_, +visible; _al_, to, _iri_, to go, _alirebla_, accessible. + +*-ec* denotes ABSTRACT IDEAS, QUALITIES and corresponds to the English +suffixes -NESS, -SHIP, etc.: _felicxa_, happy, _felicxeco_, happiness; +_alta_, high, _alteco_, height; _regxo_, king, _regxeco_, kingship. + +*-eg* denotes AUGMENTATION, INTENSITY OF DEGREE: _granda_, big, great, +_grandega_, enormous; _bela_, beautiful, _belega_, magnificent; +_sxtono_, stone, _sxtonego_, rock; _pafilo_, a gun, _pafilego_, cannon. + +*-ej* denotes a PLACE SPECIALLY SET APART FOR or allotted to: _pregxi_, +to pray, _pregxejo_, church; _mangxi_, to eat, _mangxejo_, refectory; +_kuirejo_, kitchen; _enirejo_, entrance; _elirejo_, exit. + +*-em* denotes PROPENSITY, INCLINATION, DISPOSITION: _paroli_, to talk, +_parolema_, talkative; _mensogi_, to lie, _mensogema_, untruthful. + +*-er* denotes an ELEMENT OF, a UNIT, a GRAIN: _polvo_, dust, _polvero_, +a grain of dust; _fajrero_, a spark; _hajlero_, hailstone; _mono_, +money, _monero_, a coin.--_Ero_, particle, grain, element. + +*-estr* denotes a CHIEF, LEADER, HEAD: _regno_, state; _regnestro_, head +of the state, ruler; _lernejo_, school, _lernejestro_, +head-master.--_Estro_, leader, chief; _estraro_, the authorities; +_estri_, to act as chief. + +*-id* denotes a DESCENDANT, OFFSPRING, YOUNG OF: _bovo_, ox, _bovido_, +calf; _sxafo_, a sheep, _sxafido_, lamb; _Izraelido_, Israelite; _la +homidoj_, the sons of man; _Sro. Brown kaj la Brownidoj_, Mr. Brown and +the little Browns.--_Ido_, a descendant, child; _idaro_, descendants, +offspring. + +*-et* denotes DIMINUTION OF DEGREE (compare _-eg_ above): _bela_, +beautiful, _beleta_, pretty; _venteto_, breeze; _ridi_, to laugh, +_rideti_, to smile; _bona_, good, _boneta_, fairly good, +mediocre.--_Eta_, tiny. + +*-ig* denotes a MAKING, RENDERING, CAUSING TO BE: _granda_, great, +_grandigi_, to enlarge; _venigi kuraciston_, to send for (cause to come) +a doctor; _halti_, to stop (intr.), _haltigi_, to stop (tr.); _trancxigi +al si la harojn_, to get one's hair cut.--_Igi_, to make, render. + +*-igx* denotes a BECOMING, GETTING, GROWING, BEING MADE: _hela_, bright, +_heligxi_, to grow or become bright; _rugxa_, red, _rugxigxi_, to +redden, blush; _disigxi_, to separate (intr.).--_Igxi_, to become. + +With transitive verbs _igx-_ is used to make intransitive verbs, thus: +_renversi_, to overthrow, turn upside down, _renversigxi_, to turn +(intr.) upside down, to get overthrown; _fari_, to make, _farigxi_, to +become; _perdigxi_, to get lost; _vidigxi_, to be seen. + +Used with intransitive verbs, _igx-_ gives the idea of a becoming, a +GRADUAL TRANSITION from one state to another: _morti_, to die, +_mortigxi_, to become dead, to die away, to expire; _sidi_, to be +seated, _sidigxi_, to become seated, to sit down. + +NOTE that, since verbs in _-igx_ are of necessity intransitive, their +participles should only be used in the ACTIVE FORM. Thus: +_renversigx_*inta*, having become overthrown, and not _renversigx_*ita*; +_perdigx_*inta*, having become lost, not _perdigx_*ita*; and so on. One +might of course simply say _renversita_, overthrown, and _perdita_, +lost, though the meaning would in that case not be quite the same. + +*-il* denotes an INSTRUMENT, TOOL, or MEANS: _trancxi_, to cut, +_trancxilo_, a knife; _filtri_, to filter, _filtrilo_, a filter; _teni_, +to hold, _tenilo_, a handle.--_Ilo_, tool, instrument; _ilaro_, set of +tools. + +*-ind* denotes WORTHINESS (English -WORTHY): _lauxdi_, to praise, +_lauxdinda_, praiseworthy; _vidinda_, worth seeing, _vidindajxoj_, +things worth seeing, sights.--_Inda (je)_, worthy (of); _indeco_, +worthiness. + +*-ing* denotes the HOLDER OF A SINGLE OBJECT (compare _-uj_ below): +_plumo_, pen, _plumingo_, penholder; _fingro_, finger, _fingringo_, +thimble; _cigaringo_, cigar-holder.--_Ingo_, a socket, holder. + +*-in* denotes FEMININES: _viro_, a man, _virino_, a woman; _patro_, +father, _patrino_, mother.--_Ino_, a female. + +*-ist* denotes TRADE, OCCUPATION, PROFESSION: _labori_, to work, +_laboristo_, workman; _kuraci_, to treat (medically), _kuracisto_, +doctor. + +*-nj* added to the first two to five letters of a word, is used to form +FEMININE DIMINUTIVES OF ENDEARMENT (compare _-cxj_ above): _Johanino_, +Jane, _Johanjo_, Jenny; _patrino_, mother, _panjo_, mamma. + +*-uj* denotes a RECEPTACLE which contains or bears a COLLECTION OR A +QUANTITY of things or material (compare _-ing_ above): _mono_, money, +_monujo_, purse; _inko_, ink, _inkujo_, inkstand.--_Ujo_, a utensil +case, bin. + +The suffix _-uj_ is also used to denote TREES bearing certain fruits: +_pomo_, apple, _pomujo_, apple-tree; _cxerizujo_, cherry-tree; _rozujo_, +rose-bush. The word _arbo_, however, is more frequently used in such +cases: _pomarbo_, _rozarbeto_, etc. + +_-Uj_ is also used to denote the NAMES OF COUNTRIES: _Anglo_, +Englishman, _Anglujo_, England; _Franco_, a Frenchman, _Francujo_, +France. (See footnote 4.) + +*-ul* denotes a BEING CHARACTERISED BY THE IDEA CONTAINED IN THE +ROOT-WORD: _bela_, beautiful, _belulino_, a beautiful woman, a beauty; +_kulpo_, blame, _kulpulo_, culprit; _lauxdindulo_, one worthy to be +praised; _bonulo_, a good fellow; _bonegulo_, a jolly good fellow. + +*-um* is an INDEFINITE SUFFIX, like the word _je_ among the +prepositions, Thus: _pleni_, to fill, _plenumi_, to fulfil (compare +_plenigi_, to fill); _kolo_, neck, _kolumo_, collar; _aero_, air, +_aerumi_, to air (a room, clothes, etc.). + +[Words containing _-um_ should be learnt as independent roots.] + + +Compound Words. + +In Esperanto, any word can be combined with any other word or words to +form a compound word. Considerable use is made of prepositions for this +purpose. The requisite grammatical ending must of course be added in +each case. The student should carefully study the following words, and +also those given above, and endeavour to form words for himself.[9] +Ability to form words readily is absolutely necessary to fluent speech +or composition in the language. In the examples given below the +component parts of the words are separated by a small stroke ('), but +these are of course omitted in ordinary usage: + + _El'iri_, to go out + _antaux'cxambro_, antechamber + _pri'pensi_, to think over, reflect upon + _preter'pasxi_, to pass by + _per'labori_, to earn (gain by working) + _per'forto_, violence + _tra'vivi_, to live through, experience + _supre'n'iri_, to go up, ascend + _inter'rompi_, to interrupt + _kun'veno_, an assembly, meeting + _al'paroli_, to address, accost + _inter'rilati_, to relate one with another + _inter'rilatoj_, inter-relations + _inter'nacia_, international + _skrib(o)'tablo_, writing-table + _dorm(o)'cxambro_, bedroom + _naz'tuko_, handkerchief + _ter'tremo_, earthquake + _glit'iri_, to skate + _glit'veturilo_, a sleigh + _pied'ir'anto_, a pedestrian + _bru'fermi_, to slam + _facil'mova_, agile, easy-moving + _hom'amo_, philanthropy + _bon'far'anto_, benefactor + _strat'lanterno_, street-lamp + _bot'far'isto_, bootmaker + _sam'profesi'anoj_, members of the same profession + _cxio'potenca_, all-powerful + _libr'amanto_, a book-lover + _doktor'edzino_, doctor's wife + _mon'akir'ilo_, a means of getting money + _cxio'n'faranta_, all-doing + _alt'anima_, high-souled + _vivi'pova_, capable of life + _ali'landulo_, foreigner + _ali'maniere_, in another way + _tiu'speca_, of that kind + + +CORRELATIVE WORDS. + + INDEFINITE |Interrog. Rel. |Demonstrative |Distributive |Negative + | K | T | CX | NEN + QUALITY---------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IA | KIA | TIA | CXIA | NENIA + Some (kind of) |What (sort |That sort of |Each kind of |No (kind + Any (kind of) |of)? |Such (a) |Every (kind |of) + | | |of) | + REASON----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IAL | KIAL | TIAL | CXIAL | NENIAL + For some |For what |For that |For every |For no + reason. For |reason? Why? |reason |reason. On |reason. On + any reason | |Therefore |every account |no account + TIME------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IAM | KIAM | TIAM | CXIAM | NENIAM + At some time |At what time? |At that time |At all times |At no time + Sometimes, |When? |Then |Always, each |Never + ever | | |time | + PLACE-----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IE | KIE | TIE | CXIE | NENIE + At any place |At what place? |In that place |At each place |At no place + Somewhere |Where? |There |Everywhere |Nowhere + MANNER----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IEL | KIEL | TIEL | CXIEL | NENIEL + In some way |In what way? |In that way |In every way |In no way + anyhow |How? Like, as |So, thus, as |In each way |Nohow + POSSESSION------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IES | KIES | TIES | CXIES | NENIES + Somebody's |Whose? |That one's |Everyone's |Nobody's + Anybody's |What person's? |That person's |Each one's |No one's + THING-----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IO | KIO | TIO | CXIO | NENIO + Something |What (thing)? |That (thing) |All |Nothing + Anything | | |Everything |Nought + QUANTITY--------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IOM | KIOM | TIOM | CXIOM | NENIOM + Some |How much? |So much |All |None + A little |What Quantity? |That quantity |The whole | + | | |quantity | + INDIVIDUALITY---+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IU | KIU | TIU | CXIU | NENIU + Anyone |What person? |That one |Everyone, |Nobody + | | |every |No one + + + + +CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND SENTENCES. + + +38. Useful and Necessary Expressions. (_Utilaj kaj Necesaj Esprimoj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Do you speak | _Cxu vi parolas angle?_ | choo vee pahro'lahss + English? | | ahn'gleh? + I do not speak | _Mi ne parolas angle._ | mee neh pahro'lahss + English. | | ahn'gleh + Is there anyone | _Cxu estas cxi tie iu_, | choo eh'stahss chee + here who speaks | _kiu parolas | tee'eh ee'oo, kee'oo + Esperanto? | Esperante?_ | pahro'lahss + | | espehrahn'teh? + How long have you | _Dum kiom da tempo vi | doom kee'ohm dah + learnt? | lernadis?_ | tehm'po vi + | | lehrnah'deess? + A short time only | _Dum nur mallonga | doom noor mahl-lohn'gah + | tempo_ | tehmpo + You have a good | _Vi havas bonan | vee ha'vahss boh'nahn + accent | akcenton_ | ahk-tsehn'ton + I find the | _Mi trovas la | mee tro'vahss lah + pronunciation | elparoladon tre | ehl-parolah'dohn treh + very easy | facila_ | faht-see'lah + If you please | _Se placxas_ | seh plah'chahss + Thank you; thanks! | _Mi dankas; dankon!_ | mee dahn'kahss; + | | dahn'kohn! + I thank you | _Mi dankas vin_ | mee dahn'kahss veen + Much obliged | _Vi estas tre kompleza_ | vee eh'stahss treh + | | kohmpleh'zah + Have the goodness | _Havu la bonecon_ | hah'voo lah + | | bo-neht'sohn + Yes, sir | _Jes, sinjoro_ | yehss, seen-yoh'roh + Yes, miss | _Jes, frauxlino_ | yehss, frahw-lee'no + No, madam | _Ne, sinjorino_ | neh, seen-yoh-ree'no + Allow me | _Permesu (min)_ | pehrmeh'soo (meen) + Bring me | _Alportu al mi_ | ahlpohr'too ahl mee + Do you understand? | _Cxu vi komprenas?_ | choo vee + | | kohmpreh'nahss? + I do not | _Mi ne komprenas_ | mee neh kohm-preh'nahss + understand | | + I understand | _Mi komprenas_ | mee kohm-preh'nahss + Give me | _Donu al mi_ | doh'noo ahl mee + Send me | _Sendu al mi_ | sehn'doo ahl mee + Tell me | _Diru al mi_ | deer'oo ahl mee + Will you kindly | _Cxu vi afable dirus al | choo vee ahfah'bleh + tell me? | mi?_ | deer'ooss ahl mee? + What do you say? | _Kion vi diras?_ | kee'ohn vee deer'ahss? + I beg your pardon | _Mi petas vian | mee peh'tahss vee'ahn + | pardonon_ | pahrdoh'nohn + Speak louder | _Parolu pli lauxte_ | pa-ro'loo plee + | | lah'w-teh + What did you ask? | _Kion vi demandis?_ | kee'ohn vee + | | deh-mahn'deess? + What does it | _Kion tio signifas?_ | kee'ohn tee'oh + signify? | | signee'fahss? + It is nothing | _(Gxi) estas nenio_ | (jee) eh'stahss + | | neh-nee'o + It is all the same | _Estas por mi | ehstahss pohr mee + to me | indiferente_ | indifehrehn'teh + Never mind | _Ne zorgu pri tio_ | neh zor'goo pree tee'oh + What is the | _Kio estas?_ | kee'oh eh'stahss? + matter? | | + Nothing | _Nenio_ | nehnee'oh + It is all a | _Estas pura eraro_ | eh'stahss poor'ah + mistake | | ehrahr'oh + What is it about? | _Pri kio estas?_ | pree kee'oh eh'stahss? + What is to be | _Kion fari?_ | kee'ohn fahr'ee? + done? | | + I haven't a notion | _Mi tute ne scias_ | mee too'teh neh + | | stsee'ahs + That depends | _Tio dependas_ | tee'oh dehpehn'dahss + I don't believe it | _Mi ne kredas gxin_ | mee neh kred'ahss jeen + Of course | _Kompreneble_ | kohmpreh-neh'bleh + On the contrary | _Kontrauxe_ | kohntrah'weh + Once for all | _Unu fojon por cxiam_ | oonoo foyohn por + | | chee'ahm + After all | _Kiam cxio estas | kee'ahm chee'oh + | konsiderita_ | eh'stahss + | | kohn-seedeh-ree'tah + That is of no | _Tio ne estas grava_ | tee'oh neh eh'stahss + consequence | | grah'vah + The other day | _La alian tagon_ | lah ahlee'ahn tah'gohn + At the end of a | _Post unu jaro_ | post oo'noo yah'ro + year | | + Between ourselves | _Inter ni_ | in'tehr nee + Everybody knows | _Cxiu scias_ | chee'oo stsee'ahss + I remember it | _Mi memoras tion_ | mee meh-mohr'ahss + | | tee'ohn + All at once | _Subite_ | soobee'teh + Sooner or later | _Frue aux malfrue_ | froo'eh ahw mahlfroo'eh + Ever so little | _Tre tre malmulte_ | treh treh mahl-mool'teh + You are joking | _Vi sxercas_ | vee shehrt'sahss + You are right | _Vi estas prava_ | vee eh'stahss pra'vah + Leave me alone | _Lasu min trankvila_ | lahsoo meen + | | trahnkvee'lah + Don't be angry | _Ne koleru_ | neh ko-lehr'oo + So much the more | _Tiom pli_ | tee'ohm plee + For want of time | _Pro manko de tempo_ | pro mahn'ko deh tehm'po + Take this | _Prenu tion_ | preh'noo tee'ohn + Make haste! | _Rapidu!_ | rahpee'doo! + Come along! | _Venu!_ | veh'noo! + Take care! | _Zorge!_ | zohr'gheh! + Look out! | _Atentu!_ | ahtehn'too! + Listen! | _Auxskultu!_ | ahw-skool'too! + Come in! | _Eniru!_ | ehneer'oo! + (Come) here! | _(Venu) tien cxi!_ | (veh'noo) tee'ehn chee! + Go away! | _Foriru!_ | for-eer'oo! + This way | _Tien cxi_ | tee'ehn chee + That way | _Tien_ | tee'ehn + Too soon | _Tro frue_ | tro froo'eh + Too late | _Tro malfrue_ | tro mahl-froo'eh + Who is it calls | _Kiu min vokas?_ | kee'oo meen vo'kahss? + me? | | + What do you want? | _Kion vi volas?_ | kee'ohn vee vo'lahss? + Would you kindly? | _Cxu vi afable...?_ | choo vee ahfah'bleh...? + Do your best | _Faru vian eblon_ | fahroo vee'ahn eh'blohn + It only depends | _Tio dependas nur de | tee'oh dehpehn'dahss + upon you | vi_ | noor deh vee + With all my heart | _Kun mia tuta koro_ | koon mee'ah too'tah + | | kohr'oh + I am going to town | _Mi iras urbon_ | mee eer'ahss oor'bohn + Are we going | _Cxu ni ien iras?_ | choo nee ee'ehn + anywhere? | | eer'ahss? + Where have you | _De kie vi venis?_ | deh kee'eh vee + come from? | | veh'neess? + Don't go away | _Ne foriru_ | neh for-eer'oo + I shall go home | _Mi iros hejmen_ | mee eer'ohss heh'y-mehn + He has come back | _Li revenis_ | lee rehveh'neess + He has just come | _Li jxus eniris_ | lee zhooss ehneer'eess + in | | + On horseback | _Surcxevale_ | soor-chehvah'leh + From top to bottom | _De supre gxis | deh soo'preh jees + | malsupre_ | mahl-soo'preh + Upstairs | _Supre_ | soo'preh + Downstairs | _Malsupre_ | mahl-soo'preh + In some way or | _Iel_ | ee'ehl + other | | + In the meantime | _Intertempe_ | in'tehr-tehm'peh + First of all | _Unue_ | oonoo'eh + That is just like | _Jen ja via maniero!_ | yehn yah vee'ah + you! | | mah-nee-ehr'oh! + It is not my fault | _Mi ne estas kulpa pri | mee neh eh'stahss + | tio_ | kool'pah pree tee'oh + That is what vexes | _Jen kio min kolerigas_ | yehn kee'oh meen + me | | kol-ehree'gahss + Don't imagine | _Ne imagu (al vi), | neh imah'goo (ahl vee), + that... | ke..._ | keh... + What good is it? | _Kion (gxi) utilas?_ | kee'ohn jee + | | ootee'lahss? + Where was I? | _Kie mi estis?_ | kee'eh mee eh'steess? + As for me | _Pri mi mem_ | pree mee mehm + He began to laugh | _Li komencis ridi_ | lee komehnt'seess + | | ree'dee + I cannot see any | _Mi ne plu povas vidi_ | mee neh ploo po'vahss + longer | | vee'dee + Three are enough | _Tri suficxas por mi_ | tree soofee'chahss pohr + for me | | mee + One is as good as | _Unu estas tiel bona, | oo'noo eh'stahss + the other | kiel la alia_ | tee'ehl bo'nah, + | | kee'ehl la ah-lee'ah + Will you give me? | _Cxu vi donos al mi?_ | choo vee doh'nohss ahl + | | mee? + Everything | _Post plena | post pleh'nah + considered | konsiderado_ | konsid-eh-rah'doh + I can do without | _Gxi ne estas nepre | jee neh eh'stahss + it | necesa_ | neh'preh nehtseh'sah + I have been told | _Oni diris al mi_ | o'nee deer'eess ahl mee + I have come to | _Mi venis por diri al | mee veh'neess por + tell you | vi_ | deer'ee ahl vee + I am sure of it | _Mi estas certa pri | mee eh'stahss tsehr'tah + | tio_ | pree tee'oh + I don't think much | _Mi ne multe sxatas | mee neh mool'teh + of it | gxin_ | shah'tahss jeen + I have nothing to | _Mi havas nenion por | mee hah'vahss + say against it | diri kontraux gxi_ | nehnee'ohn pohr + | | deeree kohn-trahw jee + As much as I can | _Tiom, kiom mi povas_ | tee'ohm, kee'ohm mee + | | po'vahss + I like being here | _Mi sxatas esti tie | mee shah'tahss eh'stee + | cxi_ | tee'eh chee + That comes to the | _Tio estas la sama | tee'oh eh'stahss la + same thing | afero_ | sahmah ahfeh'ro + It answers the | _Gxi tauxgas por la | jee tah'w-gahss pohr la + purpose | celo_ | tseh'lo + I value it very | _Mi tre alte taksas | mee treh ahl'teh + much | gxin_ | tahk'sahss jeen + I cannot do it | _Mi ne povas fari gxin_ | mee neh po'vahss + | | fahr'ee jeen + I am used to it | _Mi kutimas tion_ | mee kootee'mahss + | | tee'ohn + + +39. Expressions of Emotion, etc. (_Esprimoj de Emocio, k.t.p._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + What is it? | _Kio estas?_ | kee'oh eh'stahss? + Is it possible? | _Cxu (estas) eble?_ | choo (eh'stahss) + | | eh'bleh? + Indeed! | _Cxu vere!_ | choo vehr'eh! + That is impossible | _Tio estas neebla_ | tee'oh eh'stahss + | | neh-eh'blah + That cannot be | _Tio ne povas esti_ | tee'oh neh po'vahss + | | eh'stee + I am sorry for it | _Mi bedauxras tion_ | mee behdahw'rahss + | | tee'ohn + You surprise me | _Vi surprizas min_ | vee soorpree'zahss min + Oh, it's nothing! | _Oh, estas nenio!_ | oh, eh'stahss + | | nehnee'oh! + I am quite vexed | _Mi estas efektive | mee eh'stahss + about it | kolera pri gxi_ | ehfektee'veh + | | ko-lehr'ah pree jee + How vexing! | _Kiel malagrable!_ | kee'ehl + | | mahlah-grah'bleh! + I am sorry | _Mi tre bedauxras_ | mee treh + | | beh-dah'w-rahss + What a pity! | _Kiel domagxe!_ | kee'ehl domah'jeh! + It is a sad thing | _Malgxoje estas_ | mahl-jo'yeh eh'stahss + I am very glad | _Mi tre gxojas_ | mee treh jo'yahss + It gives me much | _Tio faras al mi multe | tee'oh fah'rahss ahl + pleasure | da plezuro_ | mee mool'teh dah + | | pleh-zoor'oh + How beautiful! | _Kiel bela!_ | kee'ehl beh'lah! + What a shame! | _Kia honto!_ | kee'ah hohn'toh! + How could you do | _Kiel vi povis tiel | kee'ehl vee po'veess + so? | fari?_ | tee'ehl fah'ree? + I am ashamed of | _Mi hontas pri vi_ | mee hohn'tahss pree vee + you | | + For shame! | _Hontinde!_ | hohnteen'deh! + You are very much | _Vi estas tre kulpa_ | vee eh'stahss treh + to blame | | kool'pa + Don't apologise | _Ne petu pardonon_ | neh peh'too + | | pahr-dohn'ohn + I beg (your) | _Mi petas (vian) | mee peh'tahss (vee'ahn) + pardon | pardonon_ | pahr-doh'nohn + Pray don't mention | _Ne parolu pri tio, mi | neh pahro'loo pree + it | petas_ | tee'oh, mee peh'tahss + + +40. Enquiries. (_Demandoj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Will you | _Cxu vi afable...?_ | choo vee ahfah'bleh...? + kindly...? | | + Do you understand | _Cxu vi min komprenas?_ | choo vee meen + me? | | kohm-preh'nahss? + Do you hear me? | _Cxu vi auxdas min?_ | choo vee ah'w-dahss + | | meen? + What is that? | _Kio estas tio?_ | kee'oh eh'stahss + | | tee'oh? + What do you mean? | _Kion vi volas diri?_ | kee'ohn vee vo'lahss + | | deer'ee? + Are you sure? | _Cxu vi estas certa?_ | choo vee eh'stahss + | | tsehr'tah? + Can I speak to | _Cxu mi povas paroli al | choo mee po'vahss + (see) Mr. A.? | (vidi) Sinjoro(n) | pah-ro'lee ahl + | A.?_ | (vee'dee) + | | seen-yohr'oh(n) A.? + When does he | _Kiam li revenos?_ | kee'ahm lee + return? | | rehveh'nohss? + Where is...? | _Kie estas...?_ | kee'eh eh'stahss...? + What do you call | _Kiel vi nomas tion?_ | kee'ehl vee no'mahss + that? | | tee'ohn? + What does that | _Kion tio signifas?_ | kee'ohn tee'oh + mean? | | signee'fahss? + What is that for? | _Por kio estas tio?_ | pohr kee'oh eh'stahss + | | tee'oh? + Who is that? | _Kiu estas tiu?_ | kee'oo eh'stahss + | | tee'oo? + Who is there? | _Kiu estas tie?_ | kee'oo eh'stahss + | | tee'eh? + Is that Mr. A.? | _Cxu tiu estas Sinjoro | choo tee'oo eh'stahss + | A.?_ | seenyohr'oh A.? + Which is the way | _Kiu estas la vojo | kee'oo eh'stahss la + to...? | al...?_ | vo'yo ahl...? + How can I get | _Kiel mi povas iri | kee'ehl mee po'vahss + to...? | al...?_ | eer'ee ahl...? + Is there a | _Cxu estas veturilo?_ | choo ehstahss + conveyance? | | veh-toor-ee'lo? + + +41. Public Notices. (_Publikaj Avizoj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Apartments to let | _Luebla apartamento_ | loo-eh'blah + | | apart-ah-mehn'toh + Dogs not admitted | _Hundoj malpermesataj_ | hoon'doy + | | mahlpehrmehsah'tahy + Entrance; exit | _Enirejo; elirejo_ | ehneereh'yo; + | | eleereh'yoh. + Fire alarm | _Fajravertilo_ | fire-ahvehr-tee'lo + Free library | _Senpaga biblioteko_ | sehnpah'gah + | | beebleeoh-teh'ko + Furnished rooms | _Meblitaj cxambroj_ | mehblee'tahy chahm'broy + Knock; ring | _Frapu; sonorigu_ | frah'poo; so-nohree'goo + No admittance | _Eniro estas | ehneer'oh eh'stahss + | malpermesata_ | mahlpehr-mehsah'tah + No road | _Trairo malpermesata_ | trah-eer'oh + | | mahlpehr-mehsah'tah + Keep off the grass | _Ne iru sur la herbo_ | neh eer'oo soor lah + | | hehr'boh + Refreshments | _Bufedo_ | boo-feh'doh + No smoking allowed | _Estas malpermesate | estahss + | fumi_ | mahlpehr-meh-sah'teh + | | foo'mee + Notice | _Avizo_ | ahvee'zo + Please do not | _Oni volu ne tusxi_ | oh'nee vo'loo neh + touch | | too'shee + Please wipe your | _Oni estas petata visxi | ohnee ehstahss + feet | la piedojn_ | pehtah'tah, vee'shee + | | lah pee-eh'doyn + Private | _Privata_ | pree-vah'tah + Pull; push | _Tiru; pusxu_ | teer'oo; poo'shoo + Road closed | _Vojo fermita_ | vo'yo fehrmee'tah + Unfurnished rooms | _Senmeblaj cxambroj_ | sen-meh'blahy + to let | | chahm'broy + Warning; caution | _Averto; atentu_ | ahvehr'toh; ahtehn'too + Danger(ous) | _Dangxero_ | dahn-jehr'oh + + +42. Travelling: By Railway. (_Veturado: per la Fervojo._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 19.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + To the...station | _Al la...stacio_ | ahl lah...staht-see'oh + Get my luggage; | _Alportu miajn | ahlpohr'too mee'ahyn + here is the | pakajxojn; jen la | pakah'zhoyn; yehn lah + ticket | bileto_ | beeleh'toh + Here is my luggage | _Jen miaj pakajxoj_ | yehn mee'ahy pakah'zhoy + Take it to the | _Portu ilin al la | pohr'too eeleen ahl la + cloakroom | deponejo_ | dehponeh'yo + I wish to register | _Mi deziras registri | mee dehzeer'ahss + my luggage | miajn pakajxojn | reh-ghis'tree + for... | al..._ | mee'ahyn pakah'zhoyn + | | ahl... + The luggage is | _La pakajxoj estas | lah pakah'zhoy ehstahss + overweight | preter la pezo | preh'tehr lah peh'zo + | permesata_ | pehr-mehsah'tah + Where is the | _Kie estas la fervoja | kee'eh eh'stahss lah + railway-station? | stacio?_ | fehrvo'yah + | | staht-see'oh? + -- booking-office? | -- _biletejo?_ | -- beeleh-teh'yo? + -- enquiry office? | -- _informejo?_ | -- infohrmeh'yo? + -- ladies' | -- _atendejo de l' | -- ahtehn-deh'yo dehl + waiting-room? | sinjorinoj?_ | seenyohree'noy? + -- refreshment | -- _bufedo?_ | -- boofeh'doh? + room? | | + -- lavatory | -- _necesejo?_ | -- neht-sehseh'yo? + (w.c.)? | | + -- train for...? | -- _vagonaro al...?_ | -- vahgo-nah'roh + | | ahl...? + Are you going by | _Cxu vi veturos per la | choo vee vehtoor'ohss + the express? | ekspreso?_ | pehr la ekspreh'so? + When does the | _Kiam ekveturos la | kee'ahm ekvehtoor'ohss + train start? | vagonaro?_ | lah vahgo-nahr'oh? + Show me the | _Montru al mi la | mohn'troo ahl mee la + timetable | horlibron_ | hohr-lee'brohn + Can I book through | _Cxu mi povas havi | choo mee po'vahss + to...? | bileton rekte al...?_ | hah'vee beeleh'tohn + | | rek'teh ahl...? + I want a | _Mi deziras unuaklasan | mee dehzeer'ahss + first-class | bileton al..._ | oon-oo'ah-klah'sahn + (ticket) to... | | bee-leh'tohn ahl... + Second return, | _Duaklasan iro-reiran, | doo'ah-klah'sahn + Paris | Parizo_ | eer'o-reh-eer'ahn, + | | pahree'zo + Two third singles, | _Du triaklasajn | doo tree'ah-klah'sahyn + Rome | irbiletojn, Romo_ | eer-beeleh'toyn, + | | ro'mo + One-and-a-half | _Unu kaj duonon_ | oonoo kahy doo-oh'nohn + What is the fare | _Kiom kostas la veturo | kee'ohm ko'stahss la + to Bonn? | al Bonno?_ | vehtoor'oh ahl bonno? + What class, sir? | _Kiu klaso, sinjoro?_ | kee'oh klah'so, + | | seen-yohr'oh? + How much is it? | _Kiom estas?_ | kee'ohm eh'stahss? + We want a sleeping | _Ni deziras dormkupeon_ | nee dehzeer'ahss + carriage | | dorm-koopeh'ohn + -- a corridor | -- _koridoran vagonon_ | -- koridor'ahn + carriage | | vahgo'nohn + -- a carriage for | -- _kupeon rezervitan | -- koopeh'ohn + ladies | al sinjorinoj_ | rehzehrvee'tahn ahl + | | seenyoree'noy + -- a smoking | -- _kupeon por | -- koopeh'ohn pohr + compartment | fumantoj_ | foo-mahn'toy + -- a non-smoking | -- _kupeon por | -- koopeh'ohn pohr + compartment | nefumantoj_ | neh-foomahn'toy + -- platform | -- _peronbiletojn_ | -- pehrohn'beeleh'toyn + tickets | | + Is this the train | _Cxu tiu cxi estas la | choo tee'oo chee + for...? | vagonaro por...?_ | eh'stahss lah + | | vahgonahr'o pohr...? + Do I change | _Cxu mi devos | choo mee deh'vohss + anywhere on the | vagonsxangxi dum la | vah-gohn-shahn'jee + journey? | veturo?_ | doom la vehtoor'o? + Where must I | _Kie mi devas | kee'eh mee deh'vahss + change for...? | vagonsxangxi por...?_ | vahgohn-shahn'jee + | | por...? + Is this seat | _Cxu tiu cxi loko estas | choo tee'oo chee lo'ko + engaged? | okupita?_ | eh'stahss + | | okoopee'tah? + There is no room | _Ne estas loko_ | neh eh'stahss lo'ko + The train is just | _La vagonaro tuj | la vahgo-nahr'o too'y + going to start | ekveturos_ | ehk-veh-toor'ohss + Call the guard | _Alvoku la konduktoron_ | ahlvo'koo lah + | | kondooktohr'ohn + Open the window | _Malfermu la fenestron_ | mahlfehr'moo la + | | fehneh'strohn + Close the door | _Fermu la pordon_ | fehr'moo la pohr'dohn + Here is a station | _Jen estas stacio_ | yehn eh'stahss + | | stahtsee'oh + Do we stop here? | _Cxu ni haltas cxi | choo nee hahl'tahss + | tie?_ | chee tee'eh? + Do we get out | _Cxu ni devas tie cxi | choo nee deh'vahss + here? | elvagonigxi?_ | tee'eh chee + | | ehlvahgonee'jee? + Do we change | _Cxu ni devas | choo nee deh'vahss + carriages here? | vagonsxangxi cxi | vahgohn'shahn-jee + | tie?_ | chee tee'eh? + How long do we | _Dum kiom da tempo ni | doom kee'ohm dah + stop here? | haltos cxi tie?_ | tehm'po nee + | | hahl'tohss chee + | | tee'eh? + Give up your | _Donu vian bileton_ | doh'noo vee'ahn + ticket | | beeleh'tohn + Here it is! | _Jen!_ | yehn! + My luggage is lost | _Miaj pakajxoj estas | mee'ahy pakah'zhoy + | perditaj_ | ehstahss pehrdee'tahy + Take your seats! | _Envagonigxu!_ | ehnvahgonee'joo! + Change for...! | _Vagonsxangxu por...!_ | vahgohn'shahnjoo + | | por...! + All change! | _Cxiuj elvagonigxu!_ | chee'oohy + | | ehlvah-gonee'joo! + Show your tickets | _Montru viajn biletojn_ | mohntroo vee'ahyn + | | beeleh'toyn + All tickets must | _Cxiu devas montri sian | chee'oo dehvahss + be shown | bileton_ | mohntree see'ahn + | | beeleh'tohn + Tickets, please | _La biletojn mi petas_ | la beeleh'toyn, mee + | | pehtahss + + +43. Travelling: By Steamer. (_Veturado: per Vaporsxipo._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 20.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Is this the boat | _Cxu tiu cxi estas la | choo tee'oo chee + for...? | sxipo por...?_ | eh'stahss la shee'po + | | por...? + Where is this boat | _Kien iras cxi tiu | kee'ehn eer'ahss chee + going? | sxipo?_ | tee'oo shee'po? + When do we start? | _Kiam ni ekveturos?_ | kee'ahm nee + | | ehkvehtoor'ohss? + When shall we | _Kiam ni alvenos?_ | kee'ahm nee + arrive? | | ahl-veh'nohss? + Time is up | _Estas la horo_ | eh'stass la hohr'o + Where is your | _Kie estas viaj | kee'eh eh'stahss + luggage? | pakajxoj?_ | vee'ahy pakah'zhoy? + Look for my things | _Sercxu miajn ajxojn_ | sehr'choo mee'ahyn + | | ah'zhoyn + There is another | _Estas ankoraux unu | eh'stahss ahnkohr'ahw + trunk | kofro_ | oo'noo ko'fro + Let us go down | _Ni malsupreniru en la | nee mahlsoo'prehneer'oo + into the cabin | kajuton_ | ehn la kahyoo'tohn + Where is my berth? | _Kie estas mia | kee'eh eh'stahss mee'ah + | dormujo?_ | dohr-moo'yo? + I want a cabin to | _Mi deziras kajuton por | mee dehzeer'ahss + myself | mi sola_ | kahyoo'tohn por mee + | | so'la + Is the sea smooth? | _Cxu la maro estas | choo la mah'ro ehstahss + | trankvila?_ | trahnk-vee'la? + The sea is rough | _La maro estas | la mah'ro estahss + | maltrankvila_ | mahltrahnk-vee'la + It is blowing a | _Ventegas_ | vehnteh'gahss + gale | | + I feel sick | _Mi sentas nauxzon_ | mee sehn'tahss + | | nahw'zohn + Can you get me | _Cxu vi povas havigi al | choo vee povahss + some tea? | mi iom da teo?_ | havee'ghee ahl mee + | | ee'ohm dah teh'oh? + Call the | _Alvoku la servistinon_ | ahlvo'koo la + stewardess | | sehrvistee'nohn + Where is the | _Kie estas la | kee'eh eh'stahss la + steward? | provizisto?_ | proveezist'o? + Where are we now? | _Kie ni estas nun?_ | kee'eh nee eh'stahss + | | noon? + We are nearly | _Ni preskaux alvenis_ | nee preh'skahw + there | | ahlveh'nees + Passengers are | _La pasagxeroj estas | la pahsah-jehr'oy + requested to | petataj, ne restadi | eh'stahss + keep clear of | sur la pasponteto_ | pehtah'tahy, neh + the gangway | | rehstah'dee soor la + | | pahss'pohnteh'toh + + +44. At the Custom House. (_Cxe la Doganejo._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Come to the | _Venu al la doganejo_ | veh'noo ahl la + custom-house | | doh-gahneh'yo + The custom-house | _La doganisto_ | lah doh-gahnist'oh + officer | | + Have you your | _Cxu vi havas vian | choo vee ha'vahss + passport? | pasporton?_ | veeahn pahsport'ohn? + Will you examine | _Cxu vi vizitos tiun | choo vee veezee'tohs + this trunk? | cxi kofron?_ | tee'oon chee + | | ko'frohn? + Here are the keys | _Jen la sxlosiloj_ | yehn la shlo-see'loy + Open it | _Malfermu gxin_ | mahl-fehr'moo jeen + Unlock this box | _Malfermu tiun cxi | mahl-fehr'moo tee'oo + | skatolon_ | chee skahtoh'lohn + Can I remove it? | _Cxu mi povas nun | choo mee po'vahss noon + | forporti gxin?_ | forport'ee jeen? + Have you anything | _Cxu vi havas ion | choo vee hah'vahss + to declare? | deklarindan?_ | ee'ohn + | | dehklarin'dahn? + I have nothing | _Mi havas nenion | mee hah'vahss + liable to duty | deklarindan_ | nehnee'ohn + | | dehklarin'dahn + Have you any | _Cxu vi havas tabakon | choo vee ha'vahss + tobacco or | aux cigarojn?_ | tahbah'kohn ahw + cigars? | | tsee-gah'royn? + I have a few | _Mi havas kelkajn | mee ha'vahss kehl'kahyn + cigars | cigarojn_ | tsee-gah'royn + Those are free | _Pri tiuj vi ne devas | pree tee'ooy vee neh + | pagi_ | deh'vahss pah'ghee + Is that all? | _Cxu tio estas cxio?_ | choo tee'oh eh'stahss + | | chee'oh? + What is the duty? | _Kiom estas la | kee'ohm eh'stahss la + | imposto?_ | impoh'sto? + Is my luggage | _Cxu oni vizitis miajn | choo oh'nee + passed? | pakajxojn?_ | veezee'teess mee'ahyn + | | pakah'zhoyn? + + +45. Arrival. (_Alveno._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 19.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Call a cab | _Venigu fiakron_ | vehnee'goo feeah'krohn + Closed, open | _Fermitan, malfermitan_ | fehrmee'tahn, mahl- + I want a hansom | _Mi bezonas duradan | mee behzo'nahss + | fiakron_ | doo-rah'dahn + | | feeah'krohn + Get me a | _Venigu kvarradan | vehnee'goo + four-wheeler | fiakron_ | kvar-rah'dahn + | | feeah'krohn + Cab, sir? | _Veturilon, sinjoro?_ | vehtooree'lohn, + | | seenyo'ro? + Put my luggage in | _Metu miajn pakajxojn | meh'too mee'ahyn + the cab | en la fiakron_ | pak-ah'zhoyn ehn la + | | fee-ah'krohn + Where do you want | _Kien vi deziras iri, | kee'ehn vee + to go, sir? | sinjoro?_ | dehzeer'ahss eer'ee, + | | seen-yo'ro? + Drive me to... | _Veturigu min al..._ | vehtoo-ree'goo min + | | ahl... + Driver, what is | _Veturigisto, po kiom | vehtooreeg-ist'o, po + the fare by the | kostas la veturo laux | kee-ohm ko'stahss la + journey? | distanco?_ | vehtoor'o lahw + | | distahntso? + By the hour? | _Lauxhore?_ | lahw-ho'reh? + Drive quickly | _Veturigu rapide_ | vehtooree'goo + | | rahpee'deh + Drive slower | -- _pli malrapide_ | -- plee mahlrahpee'deh + Stop! Go on! | _Haltu! Dauxrigu!_ | hahl'too! dahwree'goo! + + +46. 'Bus and Tram. (_Omnibuso kaj Tramveturilo._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 19.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Where can I get a | _Kie mi povas trafi | kee'eh mee po'vahss + 'bus to...? | omnibuson al...?_ | trah'fee + | | omnee-boo'sohn + | | ahl...? + Is there a 'bus | _Cxu oni povas omnibuse | choo o'nee po'vahss + to...? | veturi al...?_ | omnee-boo'seh + | | vehtoor'ee ahl...? + We will take a | _Ni iros omnibuse_ | nee eer'ohss + 'bus | | omneeboo'seh + The tram station | _La tramstacio_ | la trahm'staht-see'oh + Cars stop here | _Tramveturiloj haltas | trahm'vehtoo-ree'loy + | cxi tie_ | hahl'tahss chee + | | tee'eh + Does this car go | _Cxu tiu cxi veturilo | choo tee'oo chee + to...? | iras al...?_ | vehtoo-ree'lo + | | eer'ahss ahl...? + No, the next one | _Ne, la sekvonta_ | neh, la sehkvohn'tah + Wait till the car | _Atendu, gxis la | ahtehn'doo, jees la + stops | veturilo haltos_ | vehtoo-ree'lo + | | hahltohss + Do you pass...? | _Cxu vi | choo vee + | preterveturas...?_ | preh'tehr-veh- + | | too'rahss...? + Put me down at... | _Lasu min eligxi | lah'soo meen ehlee'jee + | cxe..._ | cheh... + Give me a ticket | _Donu al mi bileton_ | doh'noo ahl mee + | | beeleh'tohn + Any more fares? | _Cxu cxiuj pagis?_ | choo chee'ooy + | | pah'gheess? + Tickets, please | _La biletojn, mi petas_ | la beeleh'toyn, mee + | | peh-tahss + Outside only | _Nur ekstere_ | noor eksteh'reh + Full inside | _Plena interne_ | pleh'nah intehr'neh + + +47. Hotel and Rooms. (_Hotelo kaj Cxambroj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Which is the best | _Kiu estas la plej bona | kee'oo ehstahss la + hotel? | hotelo?_ | plehy' bo'nah + | | hoteh'lo? + Furnished | _Meblita apartamento_ | mehblee'tah + apartments | | ahpartahmehn'toh + Apartments to let | _Luebla apartamento_ | loo-eh'blah + | | ahpartahmehn'toh + Unfurnished house | _Nemeblita domo_ | nehmeh-blee'tah dohmo + Can I see your | _Cxu mi povas vidi | choo mee po'vahss + rooms? | viajn cxambrojn?_ | vee'dee vee'ahyn + | | chahm'broyn? + Let me see the | _Montru al mi la | mohn'troo ahl mee la + room | cxambron_ | chahm'brohn + What rooms do you | _Kiujn cxambrojn vi | kee'ooyn chahm'broyn + want? | bezonas?_ | vee beh-zo'nahss? + I want a bedroom | _Mi bezonas | mee behzo'nahss + and sitting-room | dormocxambron kaj | dor'mo-chahm'brohn + | salonon_ | kahy saloh'nohn + What is the price | _Kioma estas la prezo | kee'ohma eh'stahss la + of this room? | de tiu cxambro?_ | preh'zo deh tee'oo + | | chahm'bro? + What do you | _Kiom vi postulas?_ | kee'ohm vee + charge? | | postoo'lahss? + I want a cheaper | _Mi deziras pli | mee dehzeer'ahss plee + one | malkaran_ | mahl-kah'rahn + That is too dear | _Tio estas tro kara_ | tee'oh eh'stahss tro + | | kah'rah + Have you a | _Cxu vi havas dulitan | choo vee hah'vahss + double-bedded | cxambron?_ | doolee'tahn + room? | | chahm'brohn? + Are the beds | _Cxu la litoj estas | choo la lee'toy + well-aired? | bone aerumitaj?_ | eh'stahss bo'neh + | | ah-ehroomee'tahy? + We will take these | _Ni luos cxi tiujn | nee loo'ohss chee + rooms | cxambrojn_ | tee'ooyn chahm'broyn + How long do you | _Dum kiom da tempo vi | doom kee'ohm dah + want them for? | ilin bezonos?_ | tehm'po vee ee'leen + | | behzo'nohss? + We shall stay a | _Ni restos dum unu | nee reh'stohss doom + week | semajno_ | oo'noo sehmahy'no + Are our rooms | _Cxu niaj cxambroj | choo nee'ahy chahm'broy + ready? | estas pretaj?_ | ehstahss prehtahy? + Let us have supper | _Volu pretigu tuj nian | vo'loo preh-tee'goo + at once | vespermangxon_ | tooy nee'ahn + | | vespehrmahn'john + Have you a table | _Cxu vi havas komunan | choo vee hah'vahss + d'hôte? | mangxotablon?_ | komoo'nahn + | | mahn'joh-tah'blohn? + Are there any | _Cxu estas leteroj por | choo eh'stahss + letters for me? | mi?_ | lehtehr'oy pohr mee? + Can I have a warm | _Cxu mi povas havi | choo mee po'vahss + bath? | varman banon?_ | ha'vee vahrmahn + | | bahnohn? + Give me the key of | _Donu al mi la | doh'noo ahl mee la + my room | sxlosilon de mia | shlosee'lohn deh + | cxambro_ | mee'ah chahm'bro + Bring me some warm | _Alportu al mi varman | ahlport'oo ahl mee + water | akvon_ | vahrmahn ahk'vohn + Where is the w.c.? | _Kie estas la | kee'eh ehstahss la + | necesejo?_ | nehtsehseh'yo? + Take my luggage | _Portu miajn pakajxojn | port'oo mee'ahyn + down | malsupren_ | pakah'zhoyn + | | mahl-soo'prehn + Give me a candle | _Donu al mi kandelon_ | doh'noo ahl mee + | | kahndeh'lohn + I have no matches | _Mi ne havas alumetojn_ | mee neh hah'vahss + | | ahloomeh'toyn + Call me at seven | _Veku min je la sepa_ | veh'koo min yeh la + | | sehpah + We leave early | _Ni foriros frue | nee foreer'ohss froo'eh + to-morrow | morgauxmatene_ | mor'gahw-mahteh'neh + morning | | + My bill, please | _La kalkulon, mi petas_ | la kahlkoo'lohn, mee + | | peh'tahss + + +48. Breakfast. (_Matenmangxo._) + +(For Vocabularies see §§. 4-6 & 14-15.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Is breakfast | _Cxu la matenmangxo | choo la mahtehn-mahn'jo + ready? | estas preta?_ | eh'stahss preh'tah? + Breakfast is ready | _La matenmangxo estas | la mahtehn-mahn'jo + | preta_ | eh'stahss preh'tah + Is the tea made? | _Cxu la teo estas | choo la teh'oh + | farita?_ | eh'stahss fahree'tah? + Is the coffee | _Cxu la kafo estas | choo la kah'fo + strong enough? | suficxe forta?_ | eh'stahss soofee'cheh + | | fort'ah? + We want more cups | _Ni bezonas pluajn | nee behzo'nahss + | tasojn_ | ploo'ahyn tah'soyn + Take some more | _Prenu iom plu da | preh'noo ee'ohm ploo + sugar | sukero_ | dah sookeh'ro + A piece of toast | _Peco de rostita pano_ | peht'so deh ro-stee'tah + | | pa'noh + Do you drink tea | _Cxu vi trinkas teon | choo vee trin'kahss + or coffee? | aux kafon?_ | tehohn ahw kah'fohn? + Cold meat | _Malvarma viando_ | mahl-vahr'ma + | | vee-ahn'doh + Will you take an | _Cxu vi mangxos ovon?_ | choo vee mahn'johss + egg? | | o'vohn? + A rasher of bacon | _Trancxo de lardo_ | trahn'cho deh lahr'doh + These eggs are | _Cxi tiuj ovoj estas | chee tee'ooy o-voy + hard | malmolaj_ | eh'stahss + | | mahl-mo'lahy + Pass me the butter | _Transdonu al mi la | trahns-doh'noo ahl mee + | buteron_ | la bootehr'ohn + Give me the salt | _Donu al mi la salon_ | doh'noo ahl mee la + | | sahlon + Some rolls | _Kelke da bulkoj_ | kehl'keh dah bool'koy + This butter is not | _Tiu cxi butero ne | tee'oo chee bootehr'oh + fresh | estas fresxa_ | neh ehstahss + | | freh'shah + Bring some more... | _Alportu iom plu da..._ | ahlport'oo ee'ohm ploo + | | dah... + Do you take milk | _Cxu vi deziras lakton | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + and sugar? | kaj sukeron?_ | lahk'tohn kahy + | | sookehr'ohn? + No sugar, thank | _Ne sukeron, mi dankas_ | neh sookehr'ohn, mee + you | | dahn'kahss + Coffee without | _Kafo sen lakto_ | kah'fo sehn lahk'toh + milk | | + Coffee with milk | _Kafo kun lakto_ | kah'fo koon lahk'toh + A little more | _Iom plu da fisxo?_ | ee'ohm ploo dah + fish? | | fee'sho? + Yes, please | _Jes, mi petas_ | yehss, mee peh'tahss + Nothing more | _Nenion plu_ | nehnee'ohn ploo + + +49. Dinner. (_Cxefmangxo._) + +(For Vocabularies see §§. 4-6 & 14-15.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + What time is | _Je kioma horo estas la | yeh kee-oh'ma ho'ro + dinner? | cxefmangxo?_ | eh-stahss la + | | chehfmahn'jo? + When do you dine? | _Je kioma horo vi | yeh kee-oh'ma ho'ro vee + | cxefmangxas?_ | chehfmahn'jahss? + We shall dine at | _Ni cxefmangxos je la | nee chehfmahn'johss yeh + six o'clock | sesa_ | la seh'sah + Give me (show me) | _Donu (montru) al mi la | doh'noo (mohn'troo) ahl + the bill-of-fare | mangxokarton_ | mee la + | | mahn'jo-kar'tohn + Waiter! | _Kelnero!_ | kelnehr'oh! + What have you | _Kion vi havas preta?_ | kee'ohn vee hah'vahss + ready? | | preh'tah? + Have you any roast | _Cxu vi havas rostitan | choo vee hah'vahss + beef? | bovajxon?_ | ro-stee'than + | | bovah'zhohn? + Are you hungry? | _Cxu vi malsatas?_ | choo vee mahlsah'tahss? + I am hungry | _Mi malsatas_ | mee mahlsah'tahss + Are you thirsty? | _Cxu vi soifas?_ | choo vee so-ee'fahss? + I am very thirsty | _Mi tre soifas_ | mee treh so-ee'fahss + What will you | _Kion vi mangxos?_ | kee'ohn vee mahnjohss? + take? | | + What shall I help | _Kion mi donu al vi?_ | kee'ohn mee dohnoo ahl + you to? | | vee? + What soup will you | _Kian supon vi volas?_ | kee'ahn soo'pohn vee + have? | | vo'lahss? + Will you take some | _Cxu vi prenos iom da | choo vee preh'nohss + soup? | supo?_ | ee'ohm da soo'po? + Well done; under | _Elkuirita; ne | ehlkoo-eeree'tah; neh + done | elkuirita_ | ehlkoo-eeree'tah + Here are spinach | _Jen spinako kaj | yehn speenah'ko kahy + and broccoli | brokolio_ | brokohlee'oh + Help yourself | _Servu vin_ | sehr'voo veen + It is excellent | _Gxi estas bonega_ | jee eh'stahss + | | bo-neh'gah + What fish have | _Kiajn fisxojn vi | kee'ahyn fee'shoyn vee + you? | havas?_ | hah'vahss? + Fried soles | _Frititaj soleoj_ | fritee'tahy so-leh'oy + Will you take some | _Cxu vi deziras iom | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + more? | plu?_ | ee'ohm ploo? + No, thank you | _Ne, mi dankas_ | neh, mee dahn'kahss + Change the plates | _Sxangxu la telerojn_ | shahnjoo la tehlehr'oyn + Give me a clean | _Donu al mi puran | doh'noo ahl mee + fork | forkon_ | poor'ahn fohr'kohn + A clean knife | _Pura trancxilo_ | poorah trahnchee'lo + Bring me a glass | _Alportu al mi glason | ahlport'oo ahl mee + of water | da akvo_ | glah'sohn dah ahk'vo + Give me something | _Donu al mi ion por | doh'noo ahl mee ee'ohn + to drink | trinki_ | pohr trin'kee + A bottle of wine | _Botelo da vino_ | bo-teh'lo dah vee'no + What wines will | _Kiajn vinojn vi | kee'ahyn vee'noyn vee + you have? | deziras?_ | dehzeer'ahss? + Here is the list | _Jen la listo_ | yehn la leest'oh + This wine is flat | _Tiu cxi vino | tee'oo chee vee'no + | sengustigxis_ | sehn-goost-ee'jees + What do I owe? | _Kiom mi sxuldas?_ | kee'ohm mee + | | shool'dahss? + What is the | _Kiom estas?_ | kee'ohm eh'stahss? + charge? | | + + +50. Tea. (_Teo._) + +(For Vocabularies see §§. 4-6 & 14-15.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Will you come to | _Cxu vi venos por | choo vee veh'nohss pohr + tea? | trinki teon?_ | trin'kee teh'ohn? + Tea is ready | _La teo estas preta_ | la teh'oh ehstahss + | | prehtah + Pour out the tea | _Versxu la teon_ | vehr'shoo la teh'ohn + Ring, if you | _Sonorigu, mi petas_ | so-noree'goo, mee + please | | peh'tahss + A little more milk | _Iom plu da lakto_ | ee'ohm ploo dah + | | lahk'toh + Some more bread | _Iom plu da pano kaj | ee'ohm ploo dah pah'no + and butter | butero_ | kahy bootehr'oh + Do you like your | _Cxu vi sxatas vian | choo vee shah'tahss + tea strong? | teon forta?_ | vee'ahn teh'ohn + | | fort'ah? + Not too strong | _Ne tro forta_ | neh tro fort'ah + I like it rather | _Mi sxatas gxin iom | mee shah'tahss jeen + strong | forta_ | ee'ohm fort'ah + Bring a saucer | _Alportu subtason_ | ahlport'oo soobtah'sohn + Do you take cream? | _Cxu vi prenas kremon?_ | choo vee preh'nahss + | | kreh'mohn? + This cream is sour | _Tiu cxi kremo estas | tee'oo chee kreh'mo + | malfresxa_ | eh'stahss + | | mahlfreh'shah + Another cup of | _Ankoraux tason da | ahnkoh'rahw tah'sohn + tea? | teo?_ | dah teh'oh? + Is your tea sweet | _Cxu via teo estas | choo vee'ah teh'oh + enough? | suficxe sukerita?_ | eh'stahss soofee'cheh + | | soo-kehree'tah? + I should like a | _Mi preferas iom malpli | mee prefehr'ahss ee'ohm + little less milk | da lakto_ | mahl'pli dah lahk'toh + + +51. Health. (_La Sano._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 13.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + How are you? | _Kiel vi fartas?_ | kee'ehl vee fahr'tahss? + I am very well | _Mi tre bone fartas_ | mee treh bo'neh + | | fahr'tahss + I am ill | _Mi estas malsana_ | mee eh'stahss + | | mahlsah'nah + I am not very well | _Mi ne tre bone fartas_ | mee neh treh bo'neh + | | fahr'tahss + Are you quite | _Cxu vi bone fartas?_ | choo vee bo'neh + well? | | fahr'tahss? + Quite well, thank | _Tute bone, mi dankas_ | too'teh bo'neh, mee + you | | dahn-kahss + Pretty well, | _Suficxe bone, dankon_ | soofee'cheh bo'neh, + thanks | | dahn-kohn + How do you feel? | _Kiel vi vin sentas?_ | kee'ehl vee vin + | | sehn'tahss? + I don't feel well | _Mi ne sentas min en | mee neh sehntahss min + | tre bona stato_ | ehn treh bo'nah + | | stahtoh + I feel better | _Mi sentas min en pli | mee sehn'tahss min ehn + | bona stato_ | plee bo'nah stahtoh + I hope you will | _Mi esperas ke vi | mee espeh'rahss, keh + soon be better | baldaux resanigxos_ | vee bahl'dahw + | | rehsahnee'johss + Do you sleep well? | _Cxu vi bone dormas?_ | choo vee bo'neh + | | dohr-mahss? + I have caught a | _Mi malvarmumis_ | mee mahlvahrmoo'meess + chill | | + I have a headache | _Mi havas kapdoloron_ | mee ha'vahss + | | kahp-dolohr'ohn + I feel sick | _Mi sentas nauxzon_ | mee sehn-tahss + | | nahw'zohn + Send for the | _Venigu la kuraciston_ | vehnee'goo lah + doctor | | kooraht-sees'tohn + She has a bad | _Sxi havas malbonan | shee ha'vahss + cough | tuson_ | mahlbo'nahn too'sohn + How much is the | _Kiom estas la | kee'ohm eh'stahss lah + doctor's fee for | honorario de l' | honoh-rahree'oh dehl + a visit? | kuracisto por | kooraht-see'stoh pohr + | vizito?_ | veezee'toh? + Where is there a | _Kie estas apoteko?_ | kee'eh eh'stahss + chemist's? | | ahpoh-teh'ko? + Have this | _Plenumigu tiun cxi | plehnoomee'goo tee'oon + prescription | recepton_ | chee rehtsehp'tohn + made up | | + One tablespoonful | _Unu granda plenkulero | oonoo grahndah + three times a | tri fojojn cxiutage_ | plehn'kooleh'roh tree + day | | foh'yoyn + | | chee'oo-tah'gheh + To be taken after | _Prenota post cxiu | prehno'tah post chee'oo + each meal | mangxo_ | mahn'jo + Shake the bottle | _Skuu la botelon_ | skoo'oo lah boteh'lohn + For outward | _Nur por ekstera | noor pohr eksteh'rah + application only | aplikado_ | ahpleekah'doh + Poison | _Veneno_ | vehneh'no + + +52. In Town. (_En la Urbo._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 9.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Where shall we go? | _Kien ni iru?_ | kee'ehn nee ee'roo? + Which is the way | _Kiu estas la vojo | kee'oo eh'stahss la + to...? | al...?_ | vo'yo ahl...? + To the right--left | _Dekstren--maldekstren_ | dehkstrehn-- + | | mahldehk'strehn + Straight before | _Rekte antauxen_ | rek'teh ahntah'wehn + you | | + Is it far from | _Cxu malproksime de tie | choo mahl-proksee'meh + here? | cxi?_ | deh tee-eh chee? + About a mile | _Proksimume unu mejlon_ | proksee-moo'meh oonoo + | | may'lohn + Go up the street | _Supreniru la straton_ | soo'prehn-eer'oo lah + | | strah'tohn + Where does this | _Kien kondukas tiu cxi | kee'ehn kondoo'kahss + road lead to? | vojo?_ | tee'oo chee vo'yo? + How far is it | _Kiom da vojo estas | kee'ohm dah vo'yo + to...? | gxis...?_ | eh'stahss jeess...? + Show me the way | _Montru al mi la vojon_ | mohn'troo ahl mee la + | | vo'yohn + Straight on | _Rekte antauxen_ | rek'teh ahntah'wehn + Turn to the right | _Turnu dekstren_ | toor'noo dehk'strehn + Second turning to | _La dua vojo dekstren_ | la doo'ah vo'yo + the right | | dehk'strehn + Keep to the left | _Iradu maldekstren_ | eerah'doo + | | mahl-dehk'strehn + Take the third on | _Sekvu la trian | sehk'voo la tree'ahn + the left | maldekstren_ | mahl-dehk'strehn + At the top of this | _Cxe la fino de tiu cxi | cheh la fee'no deh + street | strato_ | tee'oo chee strah'toh + Cross the road | _Transiru la vojon_ | trahnseer'oo la vo'yohn + Let us go! | _Ni iru!_ | nee eer'oo! + In what street | _En kiu strato | ehn kee'oo strah'toh + is...? | estas...?_ | eh'stahss...? + Is this the way | _Cxu tiu estas la vojo | choo tee'oo eh'stahss + to...? | al...?_ | la vo'yo ahl...? + Do you know Mr. | _Cxu vi konas Sinjoron | choo vee ko'nahss + F.? | F.?_ | seenyohr'ohn F.? + I don't know | _Mi ne konas iun tiel | mee neh ko'nahss + anyone of that | nomitan_ | ee'oon, tee'ehl + name | | no-mee'tahn + I know him very | _Mi tre bone konas lin_ | mee treh boneh ko'nahss + well | | leen + He is a friend of | _Li estas unu el miaj | lee eh'stahss oo'noo + mine | amikoj_ | ehl mee'ahy ahmee'koy + Where does he | _Kie li logxas?_ | kee'eh lee lo'jahss? + live? | | + Can you direct me | _Cxu vi povas direkti | choo vee po'vahss + to his house? | min al lia domo?_ | deerek'tee meen ahl + | | lee'ah do'mo? + Can I see Mr. F.? | _Cxu mi povas vidi | choo mee po'vahss + | Sinjoron F.?_ | veedee seenyohr'ohn + | | F.? + He is out just now | _Nunmomente li ne estas | noon-mo-mehn'teh lee + | hejme_ | neh ehstahss hehy'meh + Is Mrs. F. at | _Cxu Sinjorino F. estas | choo seenyo-ree'no F. + home? | hejme?_ | eh'stahss hehy'meh? + Mrs. F. is not at | _S-no F. ne estas | seenyo-ree'no F. neh + home | hejme_ | es'tahss hehy'meh + I will call again | _Mi revenos_ | mee rehveh'nohss + I expect him every | _Mi atendas lian venon | mee ahtehn'dahss + moment | cxiumomente_ | lee-ahn veh'nohn + | | chee'oo-mo-mehn'teh + Have you your | _Cxu vi havas | choo vee ha'vahss + card? | vizitkarton?_ | vee-zeet-kahr'tohn? + Does he expect | _Cxu li atendas vin?_ | choo lee ahtehn'dahss + you? | | veen? + He is expecting me | _Li atendas mian venon_ | lee ahtehn'dahss + | | mee'ahn veh'nohn + I have an | _Mi havas rendevuon kun | mee ha'vahss + appointment with | li_ | rehndeh-voo'ohn koon + him | | lee + I am engaged | _Mi estas okupata kun | mee eh'stahss + | iu_ | ohkoopah'tah koon + | | ee'oo + Good morning! | _Bonan matenon!_ | bo'nahn ma-teh'nohn! + Good day! | _Bonan tagon!_ | bo'nahn tah'gohn! + How do you do? | _Kiel vi fartas?_ | kee'ehl vee fahr'tahss? + How is Mrs. F.? | _Kiel fartas S-no F.?_ | kee'ehl fahr'tahss + | | seen-yo-ree'no F.? + Give my | _Prezentu miajn | prehzehn'too mee'ahyn + compliments to | komplimentojn al | komplee-mehn'toyn ahl + Miss F. | Frauxlino F._ | frahw-lee'no F. + So pleased to see | _Tre kontenta vidi vin_ | treh kontehn'tah + you | | vee'dee vin + Good-bye! | _Adiaux!_ | ahdee'ahw! + Farewell! | _Gxis revido!_ | jeess rehvee'doh! + Must you go yet? | _Cxu vi devas jam | choo vee deh'vahss yahm + | foriri?_ | foreer'ee? + I must go | _Mi devas foriri_ | mee deh'vahss foreer'ee + Good evening! | _Bonan vesperon!_ | bo'nahn vespehr'ohn! + Good night! | _Bonan nokton!_ | bo'nahn nok'tohn! + + +53. Shopping. (_Acxetado._) + +(For Vocabularies see §§. 3-8 & 14-18.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + I wish to buy | _Mi volas acxeti_ | mee vo'lahss + | | ah-cheh'tee + Do you keep...? | _Cxu vi havas...?_ | choo vee ha'vahss...? + We have none in | _Ni ne havas en | nee neh ha'vahss ehn + stock | magazeno_ | ma-gahzeh'no + We can get you | _Ni povas iom por vi | nee po'vahss ee'ohm + some | akiri_ | pohr vee ahkeer'ee + What price would | _Je kioma prezo vi gxin | yeh kee-oh'ma preh'zo + you like? | deziras?_ | vee jeen + | | dehzeer'ahss? + About half-a-crown | _Po cxirkaux duonkrono | po cheer'kahw + a yard | par jardo_ | doo-ohn-kro'no pohr + | | yahrdoh + May we get it for | _Cxu ni gxin por vi | choo nee jeen pohr vee + you? | akiru?_ | ahkeer'oo? + What is the price? | _Kiom estas la prezo?_ | kee'ohm eh'stahss lah + | | preh'zo? + How much? | _Kiom?_ | kee'ohm? + That is too much | _Tio estas tro kara_ | tee'oh eh'stahss tro + | | kah'rah + Have you a | _Cxu vi havas alian | choo vee ha'vahss + different | specon?_ | ah-lee'ahn + pattern? | | speht'sohn? + -- a better | -- _pli bonan sxtofon?_ | -- plee bo'nahn + material? | | shto'fohn? + Can you recommend | _Cxu vi povas gxin | choo vee po'vahss jeen + it? | rekomendi?_ | rehkomehn'dee? + We can recommend | _Ni povas rekomendi | nee po'vahss + this | tion_ | rehkomehn'dee tee'ohn + We guarantee this | _Ni tiun cxi kvaliton | nee tee'oon chee + quality | garantias_ | kvah-lee'tohn + | | gahrahn-tee'ahss + I should like to | _Mi dezirus vidi | mee dehzeerooss veedee + see some ribbons | rubandojn_ | roobahn'doyn + I want some calico | _Mi deziras iom da | mee dehzeer'ahss ee'ohm + | kalikoto_ | dah kahlee-ko'toh + This colour is too | _Tiu cxi koloro estas | tee'oo chee ko-lohr'oh + dark | tro malpala_ | ehstahss tro + | | mahlpah'lah + It is faded | _La koloro iom | la ko-lohr'oh ee'ohm + | malaperis_ | mahl-ahpehr'eess + Have you any | _Cxu vi havas pli | choo vee ha'vahss plee + narrower? | mallargxan?_ | mahl-lahr'jahn? + What is this a | _Kiom tio kostas por | kee'ohm tee'o kost'ahss + yard? | unu jardo?_ | pohr oo'noo yahr'doh? + This will do | _Tio cxi tauxgos_ | tee'oh chee tahw'gohss + I will take this | _Mi tion prenos_ | mee tee'ohn preh'nohss + A reel of cotton | _Unu bobeno da kotono_ | oonoo bo-beh'no dah + | | ko-toh'no + A skein | _Fadenaro_ | fahdeh-nah'ro + A packet of mixed | _Paketo da miksitaj | pahkeh'toh dah + pins | pingloj_ | miksee'tahy peen'gloy + Not so fine | _Ne tiel delikata_ | neh tee'ehl + | | dehleekah'tah + Show me some | _Montru al mi gantojn_ | mohntroo ahl mee + gloves | | gahn'toyn + Try on these | _Prove surmetu cxi | pro'veh soormeh'too + | tiujn_ | chee tee'ooyn + What are they a | _Kiom kostas unu paro?_ | kee'ohm ko'stahss + pair? | | oo'noo pah'ro? + That is too dear | _Tio estas tro kara_ | tee'oh eh'stahss tro + | | kah-rah + They fit you very | _Ili tre bone tauxgas_ | ee'lee treh bo'neh + well | | tah'w-gahss + I will take them | _Mi kunprenos cxion_ | mee koon-preh'nohss + with me | | chee'ohn + Please give me my | _Volu doni mian | vo'loo doh'nee mee'ahn + bill | kalkulon_ | kahl-koo'lohn + Send all this home | _Sendu cxion cxi hejmen | sehn'doo chee'ohn chee + at once | tuj_ | hehy'mehn tooy + Can I send them | _Cxu mi povas sendi | choo mee po'vahss + for you? | ilin por vi?_ | sehn'dee ee'leen pohr + | | vee? + Send them to... | _Sendu ilin al..._ | sehn'doo ee'leen ahl... + Will you send them | _Cxu vi tuj sendos | choo vee tooy sehndohss + at once? | ilin?_ | ee'leen? + What name, please? | _Kiu nomo, mi petas?_ | kee'oo no'mo, mee + | | peh'tahss? + To what address? | _Al kiu adreso?_ | ahl kee'oo ahdreh'so? + + +54. The Dressmaker. (_La Modistino._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 16.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Here is the | _Jen estas la | yehn eh'stahss lah + dressmaker | modistino_ | mo-distee'no + Ask her to wait | _Petu, ke sxi atendu_ | peh'too, keh shee + | | ah-tehn'doo + Show her in | _Enirigu sxin_ | ehneeree'goo sheen + Have you brought | _Cxu vi alportis mian | choo vee ahlpohr'teess + my dress? | robon?_ | mee'ahn ro'bohn? + Here it is, madam | _Jen, sinjorino_ | yehn, seenyoh-ree'no + Will you try it | _Cxu vi prove surmetos | choo vee pro'veh + on? | gxin?_ | soor-meh'tohss jeen? + It fits you very | _Gxi tre gxuste tauxgas | jee treh joo'steh + well | al vi_ | tah'w-gahss ahl vee + It is not a good | _Gxi ne gxuste tauxgas_ | jee neh joo'steh + fit | | tah'w-gahss + The skirt is too | _La jupo estas tro | lah yoo'po eh'stahss + narrow | mallargxa_ | tro mahl-lahr'jah + It is too | _La talio estas tro | lah tahlee'oh eh'stahss + short-waisted | mallonga_ | tro mahl-lohn'gah + The sleeves are | _La manikoj ne estas | lah mahnee'koy neh + not wide enough | suficxe largxaj_ | eh'stahss soofee'cheh + | | lahr'jahy + Make all these | _Faru cxiujn cxi | fah'roo chee'ooyn chee + alterations | sxangxojn_ | shahn'joyn + What trimming | _Per kio vi gxin | pehr kee'oh vee jeen + would you put | garnus?_ | gahr'nooss? + on? | | + Pale pink ribbon | _Pala rozkolora | pah'lah rohz-ko-loh'rah + | rubando_ | roobahn'doh + When can you let | _Kiam vi povos doni | kee'ahm vee po'vohss + me have it? | gxin al mi?_ | doh'nee jeen ahl mee? + You shall have it | _Vi havas gxin sabaton_ | vee ha'vohss jeen + on Saturday | | sah-bah'tohn + Without fail | _Nepre_ | neh'preh + Don't disappoint | _Ne trompu miajn | neh trohmpoo mee'ahyn + me | esperojn_ | espehr'oyn + + +55. The Shoemaker. (_La Sxuisto._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + I wish to see some | _Mi deziras vidi botojn | mee dehzeer'ahss + ladies' boots | por sinjorinoj_ | vee'dee bo-toyn pohr + | | seen-yoh-ree'noy + Take my measure | _Prenu mian mezuron_ | preh-noo mee-ahn + | | meh-zoor'ohn + The soles are | _La plandumoj estas iom | la plahndoo'moy + rather thick | dikaj_ | eh'stahss ee-ohm + | | dee'kahy + They are too tight | _Ili tro premas_ | ee-lee tro preh-mahss + I cannot get my | _Mi ne povas enigi la | mee neh po-vahss + foot in | piedon_ | ehnee'ghee la + | | pee-eh'dohn + Here is a | _Jen estas sxukorno_ | yehn eh-stahss + shoe-horn | | shookohr'no + Are they | _Cxu ili gxenas?_ | choo ee-lee jeh-nahss? + comfortable? | | + I cannot walk in | _Mi ne povas iri en | mee neh po-vahss eer-ee + them | ili_ | ehn ee-lee + They hurt my heel | _Ili dolorigas mian | ee-lee doh-loree'gahss + | kalkanon_ | meeahn kahlkah'nohn + I must have them | _Estas necese, ke mi | eh-stahss nehtsah'seh, + as soon as | ilin havu kiel eble | keh mee ee-leen + possible | plej baldaux_ | ha-voo kee-ehl + | | eh-bleh plehy' + | | bahl-dahw + I want some | _Mi bezonas lacxojn_ | mee behzoh'nahss + bootlaces | | lah'choyn + How much are they | _Kiom kostas unu paro?_ | kee-ohm ko-stahss + a pair? | | oo-noo pah-ro? + I want these shoes | _Mi deziras lasi | mee dehzeer'ahss lahsee + soled and heeled | plandumi kaj | plahndoo'mee kahy + | kalkanumi tiujn cxi | kahlkahnoo'mee + | sxuojn_ | tee-ooyn chee + | | shoo-oyn + Send my boots to | _Sendu riparigxi miajn | sehn-doo ripahree'jee + be mended | botojn_ | mee'ahyn bo-toyn + When will they be | _Kiam ili estos | kee-ahm ee-lee ehstohss + done? | pretaj?_ | preh' tahy? + + +56. The Laundress. (_La Lavistino._) + +(For Washing List see §. 17.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + I want this linen | _Mi volas lavigi cxi | mee vo-lahss + washed | tiun tolajxon_ | lahvee'ghee chee + | | tee-oon toh-lah'zhohn + I miss a collar | _Mankas unu kolumon_ | mahn-kahss oo-noo + | | ko-loo'mohn + You don't put | _Vi ne enmetas suficxe | vee neh ehnmeh'tahss + enough starch in | da amelo_ | soofee'cheh dah + | | ah-meh'lo + This is too limp | _Tio cxi estas tro | tee-oh chee ehstahss + | mola_ | tro mo-lah + See how badly that | _Vidu, kiel malbone tio | vee-doo, kee-ehl + is done | estas farita_ | mahl-bo'neh tee-oh + | | ehstahss fahree'tah + You must take it | _Vi devas reporti gxin_ | vee deh-vahss + back | | rehpohr'tee jeen + This is badly | _Tio cxi estas malbone | tee-oh chee eh-stahss + ironed | gladita_ | mahlbo'neh + | | glahdee'tah + You have scorched | _Vi iom brulbrunigis | vee ee-ohm + this dress | tiun cxi robon_ | brool'broo- + | | nee'gheess tee'oon + | | chee ro-bohn + You put too much | _Vi metas tro da bluo | vee meh-tahss tro dah + blue in my linen | en mian tolajxon_ | bloo-oh ehn mee-ahn + | | tohlah'zhohn + This is not my | _Tio cxi ne estas mia | tee-oh chee neh + handkerchief | naztuko_ | eh'stahss mee-ah + | | nahz-too'ko + You have torn the | _Vi sxiris la punton_ | vee sheer-eess la + lace | | poon-tohn + When can I have | _Kiam mi povos havi | kee-ahm mee po-vohss + it? | gxin?_ | hah-vee jeen? + Return this linen | _Resendi tiun cxi | rehsehn'dee tee-oon + on... | tolajxon la..._ | chee tohlah'zhohn + | | la... + You must bring | _Estas necese, ke vi | eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, + back this list | reportu tiun cxi | keh vee rehpohr'too + | liston_ | tee-oon chee + | | lee-stohn + Have you your | _Cxu vi havas vian | choo vee ha-vahss + bill? | kalkulon?_ | veeahn kahlkoo'lohn? + I will pay you | _Mi pagos vin_ | mee pa-gohss veen + + +57. Amusements. (_Amuzajxoj._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 22.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Shall we go to the | _Cxu ni iru al la | choo nee eer-oo ahl la + theatre? | teatro?_ | teh-ah'tro? + What is on at | _Kion oni ludas cxe | kee-ohn ohnee loo-dahss + the...? | la...?_ | cheh la...? + When does the | _Kiam komencigxas la | kee-ahm + performance | prezentado?_ | komehnt-see'jahss la + begin? | | prezentah'doh? + What time do the | _Je kioma horo oni | yeh kee-oh'mah ho-ro + doors open? | malfermas la | ohnee mahlfehr'mahss + | pordojn?_ | la pohr-doyn? + Is the box-office | _Cxu la lokoficejo | choo la + open? | estas malfermita?_ | loh'kofeetseh'yo + | | eh-stahss + | | mahlfehrmee'tah? + Where can we book | _Kie oni povas antauxe | kee-eh oh-nee po-vahss + seats? | rezervi lokojn?_ | ahntah'weh + | | rehzehr'vee lo-koyn? + I should like to | _Mi dezirus vidi | mee dehzeer'ooss veedee + see a plan | planon_ | plah-nohn + Let us take a box | _Ni prenu logxion_ | nee preh-noo lohjee'ohn + These seats are | _Cxi tiuj segxoj estas | chee tee'ooy seh-joy + reserved | rezervitaj_ | eh'stahss + | | rehzehrvee'tahy + We will take four | _Ni prenos kvar lokojn_ | nee preh-nohss kvahr + seats | | lo-koyn + Where are our | _Kie estas niaj lokoj?_ | kee-eh ehstahss nee'ahy + seats? | | lo-koy? + Where is the | _Kie estas la | kee-eh eh-stahss la + cloakroom? | vestodeponejo?_ | veh-sto-dehpohneh'yo? + Give me a | _Donu al mi programon_ | doh-noo ahl mee + programme | | prohgrah'mohn + What is the play? | _Kion oni ludas?_ | kee-ohn ohnee + | | loo-dahss? + How well the band | _Kiel bone la orkestro | kee-ehl bo-neh la + plays! | ludas!_ | or-keh'stro + | | loo-dahss! + There is a fine | _Estas bonega orkestro_ | ehstahss bo-neh'gah + orchestra | | orkeh'stro + What an excellent | _Kiel bonega pianisto!_ | kee-ehl bo-neh'gah + pianist! | | pee-ahnist'o! + An interval of | _Intertempo de dek-kvin | in'tehr-tehm'po deh + fifteen minutes | minutoj_ | dehk-kveen meenoo'toy + Would you like | _Cxu vi deziras ion | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + some | mangxi aux trinki?_ | ee-ohn mahn-jee ahw + refreshment? | | trinkee? + Shall we go to the | _Cxu ni iru al la | choo nee ee-roo ahl la + buffet? | bufedo?_ | boofeh'doh? + Is there a good | _Cxu estas cxi tie bona | choo eh-stahss chee + museum? | muzeo?_ | tee-eh bo-nah + | | moozeh'oh? + The works of art | _La artajxoj estas tre | la ahrtah'zhoy + are very fine | belaj_ | eh-stahss treh + | | beh'lahy + Are tickets | _Cxu oni devas havi | choo oh-nee deh-vahss + required? | biletojn?_ | hah-vee beeleh'toyn? + Who sells them? | _Kiu vendas ilin?_ | kee-oo ven-dahss + | | eeleen? + The coach leaves | _La diligxenco | la deelee-jehnt'so + at ten | ekveturas je la deka_ | ehk-veh-toor'ahss yeh + | | la deh-kah + How much will it | _Kiom gxi kostos?_ | kee-ohm jee ko-stohss? + cost? | | + It will take all | _La veturo tien okupos | la vehtoor'oh tee-ehn + day to go there | la tutan tagon_ | ohkoo'pohss la + | | too-tahn tah-gohn + Can you put us up | _Cxu vi povas kunmeti | choo vee po-vahss + some | por ni iom da | koon-meh'tee pohr nee + refreshment? | nutrajxo?_ | ee-ohm dah + | | nootrah'zho? + We should like | _Ni deziras | nee dehzeer'ahss + some sandwiches | sandvicxojn_ | sahnd-vee'choyn + Is there a good | _Cxu estas bona loko, | choo eh-stahss bo-nah + place for lunch? | kie oni povas | lo-ko, kee-eh ohnee + | tagmangxi?_ | po-vahss + | | tahg-mahn'jee? + + +58. Cycling. (_La Ciklismo._) + +(For Vocabularies see §§. 23-24.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + I want to hire a | _Mi deziras lui | mee dehzeer'ahss loo-ee + machine | biciklon_ | beetsee'klohn. + With all | _Kun cxiuj | koon chee-ooy + accessories | akcesorajxoj_ | ahktseh-so-rah'zhoy + By the hour | _Lauxhore_ | lahw-ho'reh + By the day | _Lauxtage_ | lahw-tah'gheh + What are your | _Kiom vi postulas?_ | kee-ohm vee + terms? | | postoo'lahss? + Have you a cycle | _Cxu vi havas remizon | choo vee hah-vahss + shelter? | por bicikloj?_ | reh-mee'zohn pohr + | | beet-see'kloy? + Tighten this nut | _Fiksu tiun cxi | fik-soo tee-oon chee + | sxrauxbingon_ | shrahw-been'gohn + Loosen the chain | _Malstrecxu la cxenon_ | mahl-streh'choo la + | | cheh-nohn + What are the roads | _Kiaj estas la vojoj?_ | kee-ahy eh-stahss la + like? | | vo-yoy? + Are the roads | _Cxu la vojoj estas | choo la vo-yoy ehstahss + good? | bonaj?_ | bo'nahy? + The roads are bad | _La vojoj estas | la voyoy ehstahss + | malbonaj_ | mahl-bo'nahy + The roads are in | _La vojoj estas en bona | la vo-yoy eh-stahss ehn + good condition | stato_ | bo-nah stah-toh + We will start | _Ni ekiros je la..._ | nee ekeer'ohss yeh + at... | | la... + Are you ready? | _Cxu vi estas preta?_ | choo vee eh-stahss + | | preh-tah? + Make haste! | _Rapidu!_ | rahpee'doo! + Turn to the right | _Turnu dekstren_ | toor-noo dehk-strehn + Keep straight on | _Iru rekte antauxen_ | ee-roo rehkteh + | | ahntah'wehn + This hill is | _Cxi tiu deklivo estas | chee tee-oo dehklee'vo + dangerous | dangxera_ | eh-stahss + | | dahn-jeh'rah + Ring your bell | _Tintigu vian tintilon_ | tintee'goo vee-ahn + | | tin-tee'lohn + Don't go so fast | _Ne iru tiel rapide_ | neh ee-roo tee-ehl + | | rah-pee'deh + Look out! Stop! | _Atentu! Haltu!_ | ahtehn'too! hahl-too! + The chain is off | _La cxeno deigxis_ | la cheh-no deh-ee'jeess + I must pump up my | _Estas necese, ke mi | eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, + tyres | sxveligu la | keh mee shvehlee'goo + | pneuxmatikojn_ | la pnehw-mahtee'koyn + My tyre is | _Mia pneuxmatiko estas | mee-ah pnehw-mahtee'ko + punctured | trapikita_ | eh-stahss + | | trahpee-kee'tah + The back tyre is | _La malantauxa | la mahl-ahntah'wah + burst | pneuxmatiko krevis_ | pnehw-matee'ko + | | kreh-veess + I have broken a... | _Mi rompis..._ | mee rohmpeess... + Where can I get my | _Kie mi povas riparigi | kee-eh mee povahss + bicycle mended? | mian biciklon?_ | reepahree'ghee + | | mee-ahn + | | beetsee'klohn? + Where is the | _Kie estas la plej | kee-eh eh-stahss la + nearest cycle | proksima | plehy proksee'mah + shop? | biciklobutiko?_ | beetsee'klo- + | | bootee'ko? + Will you please | _Cxu vi afable | choo vee ahfah'bleh + repair...? | riparos...?_ | ree-pahr'ohss...? + When will it be | _Kiam gxi estos preta?_ | kee-ahm jee eh-stohss + ready? | | prehtah? + I want my machine | _Mi deziras lasi purigi | mee dehzeer'ahss + cleaned | mian masxinon_ | lah-see pooree'ghee + | | mee-ahn mahshee'nohn + How long will it | _Kiom da tempo tio | kee-ohm dah tehm'po + take? | okupos?_ | tee-oh ohkoo'pohss? + Is it time to | _Cxu estas la horo por | choo eh-stahss la ho-ro + light up? | lumigo?_ | pohr loomee'go? + We must light up | _Ni devas lumigi_ | nee deh-vahss + | | loomee'ghee + Lighting-up time | _La lumiga horo estas | la loomee'gah ho-ro + is at eight | je la oka_ | eh-stahss yeh la + o'clock | | oh-kah + Please fill my | _Volu plenigi mian | vo-loo plehnee'ghee + lamp | lampon_ | mee-ahn lahm-pohn + It wants a new | _Gxi bezonas novan | jee behzoh'nahss + wick | mecxon_ | no-vahn meh-chohn + How much is it? | _Kiom estas?_ | kee-ohm eh-stahss? + Have you a road | _Cxu vi havas vojan | choo vee hah-vahss + guide? | gvidplanon?_ | vo-yahn + | | gveed-plah'nohn? + Which do you | _Kiun vi bezonas?_ | kee-oon vee + require? | | behzoh'nahss? + A map of the Paris | _Mapon de la Pariza | mah-pohn deh la + district | regiono_ | pah-ree'zah + | | reh-gheeoh'no + + +59. Motoring. (_Auxtomobilismo._) + +(For Vocabularies see §§. 23-24; see also Cycling Phrases, above.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Is there a motor | _Cxu estas remizo por | choo eh-stahss + garage in this | auxtomobiloj en tiu | rehmee'zo pohr + town? | cxi urbo?_ | ahwtohmoh-bee'loy ehn + | | tee-oo chee oor-bo? + Give me some | _Donu al mi petrolon_ | doh-noo ahl mee + petrol | | peh-tro'lohn + I want a | _Mi deziras | mee dehzeer'ahss + carburator for | karburatoron por | kahr-boo-rahtohr'ohn + motor-car | auxtomobilo_ | pohr + | | ahw-toh-mohbee'lo + The clutch is out | _La konektumo ne | la kohnehktoo'mo neh + of order | funkcias_ | foonk-tsee'ahss + Have you examined | _Cxu vi ekzamenis la | choo vee + my | rapidsxangxan | ehkzahmeh'neess la + speed-changing | mekanismon?_ | rah-peed'shahn'jahn + gear? | | mehkah-nees'mohn? + Replace my brake | _Remetu mian bremson_ | rehmeh'too mee-ahn + | | brehm-sohn + My back spring is | _Mia malantauxa risorto | mee-ah mahl-ahntah'wah + broken | estas rompita_ | ree-sohr'toh ehstahss + | | rohmpee'tah + Have you an | _Cxu vi havas | choo vee hah-vahss + accumulator-- | akumulatoron--de kvar | ah-koomoo- + four volts? | voltoj?_ | lahtohr'ohn--deh + | | kvahr vohl-toy? + What is the power | _Kioma estas la potenco | keeoh'ma eh-stahss la + of this motor? | de tiu cxi | po-tehnt'so deh + | auxtomobilo?_ | tee-oo chee + | | ahwtohmohbee'lo? + This is an | _Tiu cxi estas masxino | tee-oo chee eh-stahss + eight-horse- | de okcxevala potenco_ | mahshee'no deh + power engine | | ohk'chehvah'lah + | | potehnt'so + A pinion is wanted | _Mankas dentradeto cxe | mahn-kahss + for the small | la malgranda akso_ | dehnt'rah-deh'toh + axle | | cheh la + | | mahl-grahn'dah ahk'so + I want my | _Mi deziras sxargigi | mee dehzeer'ahss + accumulator | mian akumulatoron_ | shar-ghee'ghee + charged | | mee-ahn + | | ah-koomoolahtohr'ohn + I have lost my | _Mi perdis mian kornon_ | mee pehrdeess mee-ahn + horn (_or_ | (or _blekilon_) | kohr'nohn + hooter) | | (blehkee'lohn) + Are you an | _Cxu vi estas sperta | choo vee eh-stahss + experienced | motorveturigisto?_ | spehr-tah + driver? | | motohr'veh-tooree- + | | gheess'toh? + What experience | _Kiun spertadon vi | kee'oon spehrtah'dohn + have you had? | havis?_ | vee hah'veess? + Drive slowly | _Veturu malrapide tra | vehtoor'oo + through the town | la urbo_ | mahlrahpee'deh trah + | | la oor-bo + Speed not to | _La rapideco devas ne | la rahpeedeht'so + exceed...miles | esti pli ol...mejloj | deh-vahss neh eh-stee + per hour | cxiuhore_ | plee ohl...meh'y-loy + | | chee-oo-ho'reh + + +60. Photography. (_La Fotografarto._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 25.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Must permission be | _Cxu oni devas havi | choo oh-nee deh-vahss + obtained to | permeson por | hah-vee pehrmeh'sohn + photograph? | fotografi?_ | pohr fo-tograh'fee? + I wish to take the | _Mi volas fotografi la | mee vo-lahss + interior | internon_ | fo-tograh'fee la + | | intehr'nohn + Have you brought | _Cxu vi kunportis vian | choo vee koonpor'teess + your camera? | kamereton?_ | veeahn + | | kam-ehreh'tohn? + This is my camera | _Tio cxi estas mia | tee-oh chee eh-stahss + | kamereto_ | mee-ah kam-ehreh'toh + The lens is broken | _La lenso estas | la lehn-so eh-stahss + | rompita_ | rohmpee'tah + The light is too | _La lumo estas tro | la loo-mo eh-stahss tro + strong | forta_ | fohr-tah + What exposure must | _Kiom mi devas espozi | kee-ohm mee deh-vahss + I give it? | gxin?_ | ehspo'zee jeen? + It is out of focus | _Gxi ne estas gxuste en | jee neh ehstahss + | fokuso_ | joo'steh ehn + | | fo-koo'so + What size of plate | _Kioman grandon de | keeoh'mahn grahndohn + do you use? | plato vi uzas?_ | deh plah-toh vee + | | oo-zahss? + Have you a dark | _Cxu vi havas | choo vee hah'vahss + room? | rivelejon?_ | ree-vehleh'yohn? + I want to develop | _Mi volas riveli | mee vo-lahss reeveh'lee + some plates | kelkajn platojn_ | kehl'kahyn plah-toyn + This plate is | _Tiu cxi plato estas | tee-oo chee plah-toh + spoilt | difektita_ | eh-stahss + | | deefehk-tee'tah + That is due to | _Tio estas pro troa | tee-oh eh-stahss pro + over-exposure | espozo_ | tro-ah ehspo'zo + I am going to | _Mi presos plu da | mee preh'sohss ploo da + print more | ekzempleroj_ | ehkzehm-pleh'roy + copies | | + This was spoilt in | _Tiu cxi difektigxis | tee-oo chee + the printing | dum la presado_ | deefehktee'jeess doom + | | la prehsah'doh + What a beautiful | _Kiel bela | kee-ehl beh-la + photograph! | fotografajxo!_ | fo-to-grahfah'zho! + The grouping is | _La gruparangxo estas | la groop-ahrahn'jo + very good | tre bona_ | eh-stahss treh bo-nah + I have secured | _Mi kaptis bonegajn | mee kahp-teess + some fine views | vidajxojn_ | bo-neh'gahyn + | | veedah'zhoyn + Do you sell | _Cxu vi vendas | choo vee vehn-dahss + photographic | fotografajn | fo-tograh'fahyn + materials? | materialojn?_ | mahteh-reeah'loyn? + I want some pretty | _Mi deziras beletajn | mee dehzeer'ahss + mounts | muntokartojn_ | beh-leh'tahyn + | | moontoh-kahr'toyn + What do you | _Kion vi bezonas?_ | kee-ohn vee + require? | | behzohn'ahss? + I should like some | _Mi bezonas plu da | mee behzoh'nahss ploo + more films | filmoj_ | dah feel-moy + + +61. Religion. (_La Religio._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 26.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Is there an | _Cxu estas cxi tie | choo eh-stahss chee + English church | Angla pregxejo?_ | tee-eh ahnglah + here? | | prehjeh'yo? + Is it near here? | _Cxu gxi estas proksima | choo jee ehstahss + | de tie cxi?_ | prohksee'ma deh + | | tee-eh chee? + Who is the | _Kiu estas la | kee-oo eh-stahss la + preacher? | predikanto?_ | prehdee-kahn'toh? + What time is the | _Je kioma horo | yeh keeoh'ma horo + service? | komencigxas la | kohmentsee'jahss la + | diservo?_ | deesehr'vo? + The seats must be | _Oni devas pagi pri la | oh-nee deh-vahss + paid for | sidlokoj_ | pahghee pree la + | | seed-lo'koy + The seats are free | _La sidlokoj estas | la seed-lo'koy + | senpagaj_ | eh-stahss + | | sehnpah'gahy + Is there a | _Cxu estas monkolekto?_ | choo ehstahss + collection? | | mohnko-lek'toh? + An offertory is | _Oni faras monkolekton_ | ohnee fahrahss + taken | | mohnko-lek'tohn + Can you find me a | _Cxu vi povas trovi por | choo vee povahss trovee + seat? | mi sidejon?_ | pohr mee sid-eh'yohn? + The verger will | _La pedelo trovos | la pehdeh'lo tro-vohss + find you a seat | sidejon por vi_ | sid-eh'yohn pohr vee + Mass is being | _Oni faras la meson_ | oh-nee fah-rahss la + celebrated | | meh-sohn + Let us wait--go | _Ni atendu--ni iru_ | nee ahtehn'doo--nee + | | eer'oo + Pass me a | _Volu transdoni | vo-loo trahnsdoh'nee + hymn-book | himnolibron_ | him'no-lee'brohn + What other | _Kiuj aliaj diservoj | kee-ooy ahlee'ahy + services are | estas?_ | deesehr'voy + there? | | eh-stahss? + + +62. The Time of Day. (_La Horo._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + What time is it? | _Kioma horo estas?_ | kee-oh'ma ho-ro + | | ehstahss? + It has just struck | _Jxus sonis la nauxa | zhooss so-neess la + nine | (horo)_ | nahwah (ho-ro) + Exactly 3 o'clock | _Precize la tria_ | prehtsee'zeh la tree-ah + Ten (minutes) past | _Dek minutoj post la | dehk meenoo'toy post la + seven | sepa_ | seh-pa + A quarter past one | _Kvarono post la unua_ | kvahro'no post la + | | oonoo'ah + Half-past four | _Duono post la kvara_ | doo-o'no post la kvahra + Twenty (minutes) | _Dudek minutoj antaux | doo-dehk meenoo'toy + to six | la sesa_ | ahn'tahw la seh-sah + At what time? | _Je kioma horo?_ | yeh kee-oh'ma ho-ro? + At a quarter to | _Je kvarono antaux la | yeh kvahro'no ahn'tahw + eight | oka_ | la oh-kah + At nine a.m. | _Je la nauxa matene_ | yeh la nah-wah + | | mahteh'neh + Seven-fifteen p.m. | _La sepa-dek-kvin | la seh'pa-dehk-kveen + | vespere_ | veh-speh'reh + Is it late? | _Cxu estas malfrue?_ | choo eh-stahss + | | mahlfroo'eh? + It is (not) late | _(Ne) estas malfrue_ | (neh) eh-stahss + | | mahlfroo'eh + It is still early | _Estas ankoraux frue_ | eh-stahss ahnko'rahw + | | froo'eh + It is getting late | _Malfruigxas_ | mahl-froo-ee'jahss + It is only ten | _Estas nur la deka_ | eh-stahss noor la + | | deh-kah + The clock is | _La horo sonas_ | la ho-ro so-nahss + striking | | + + +63. Times, Seasons and Weather. (_La Horoj, la Sezonoj, kaj la Vetero._) + +(For Vocabularies see §§. 1 & 8.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + This day week | _Unu semajnon de | oo-noo sehmah'y-nohn + | hodiaux_ | deh ho-dee'ahw + That was three or | _Tio okazis antaux tri | tee-oh ohkah'zeess + four days ago | aux kvar tagoj_ | ahn'tahw tree ahw + | | kvahr tah-goy + To-morrow | _Du semajnojn de | doo sehmah'y-nohn deh + fortnight | morgaux_ | mohr'gahw + At about this time | _Proksimume je tiu cxi | prohksee-moo'meh yeh + | horo_ | tee-oo chee ho-ro + In a month's time | _Post unu monato_ | post oo-noo mohnah'toh + The first of next | _La unua de l' proksima | la oonoo'ah dehl + month | monato_ | prohksee'mah + | | mohnah'toh + In (after) six | _Post ses semajnoj_ | post sehss sehmah'ynoy + weeks | | + On the last day of | _La lastan tagon de l' | la lah-stahn tah-gohn + the month | monato_ | dehl mohnah'toh + At the end of this | _Je la fino de tiu cxi | yeh la fee-no deh + month | monato_ | tee-oo chee + | | mohnah'toh + Towards the middle | _Cxirkaux la mezo de | cheer'kahw la meh-zo + of January | Januaro_ | deh yahnooah'ro + In the course of a | _En la dauxro de unu | ehn la dahw'ro deh + week | semajno_ | oo-noo sehmah'y-no + From time to time | _De l'tempo al tempo_ | dehl tehmpo ahl tehmpo + From one day to | _De unu tago al alia_ | deh oo-noo tah-go ahl + another | | ahlee'ah + A few days ago | _Antaux kelkaj tagoj_ | ahn'tahw kehl'kahy + | | tah-goy + A short time since | _Antaux nelonga tempo_ | ahn'tahw nehlohn'gah + | | tehmpo + Scarcely two days | _Antaux apenaux du | ahn'tahw apeh'nahw doo + ago | tagoj_ | tahgoy + At least a month | _Antaux almenaux unu | ahn'tahw ahlmeh'nahw + ago | monato_ | oo-noo mo-nah'toh + It is full moon | _Estas plena luno_ | ehstahss plehnah loono + The heat is | _La varmo estas | la varmo ehstahss + unbearable | neelportebla_ | nehehlpohrteh'blah + I am very warm | _Mi estas tre varma_ | mee ehstahss treh varma + I am afraid it | _Mi timas, ke pluvos_ | mee teemahss, keh + will rain | | ploovohss + We shall have a | _Ni havos fulmotondron_ | nee ha-vohss + storm | | fool-mo-tohn'drohn + Did you see the | _Cxu vi vidis la | choo vee vee-dees la + lightning? | fulmon?_ | fool-mohn? + I heard the | _Mi auxdis la tondron_ | mee ahw-dees la + thunder | | tohn-drohn + How it pours! | _Kiel pluvegas!_ | kee-ehl plooveh'gahss! + Would you like an | _Cxu vi deziras | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + umbrella? | pluvombrelon?_ | ploov-ohmbreh'lohn? + I am wet through | _Mi estas trae | mee eh-stahas trah-eh + | malsekigita_ | mahlsehkee-ghee'tah + Look at the | _Rigardu la cxielarkon_ | reegahr'doo la + rainbow | | chee-ehlahr'kohn + It is growing very | _Tre malvarmigxas_ | treh mahlvarmee'jahass + cold | | + Winter will soon | _La vintro baldaux | la veen-tro bahl'dahw + be here | alvenos_ | ahlveh'nohss + It snows | _Negxas_ | neh-jahss + It freezes--it | _Frostas--degelas_ | fro-stahss-- + thaws | | dehgheh'lahss + It is very dirty | _Estas tre malpure_ | eh-stahss treh + | | mahl-poor'eh + It is very windy | _Tre ventas_ | treh vehntahss + How high the wind | _Kiel forta estas la | kee-ehl fohrtah + is! | vento!_ | ehstahss la vehntoh! + The wind is in the | _La vento blovas el la | la vehntoh blovahss ehl + east | oriento_ | la ohree-ehn'toh + The dust is | _La polvo estas terura_ | la pohlvo eh-stahss + terrible | | teh-roor'ah + I hope it will be | _Mi esperas, ke la | mee espeh'rahss, keh la + fine | vetero estos bela_ | vehteh'ro ehstohss + | | behla + What a beautiful | _Kiel bela tago!_ | kee-ehl beh-la tah-go! + day! | | + + +64. Post and Telegraph. (_La Posxto kaj la Telegrafo._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 30.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Number of Customs' | _Nombro de doganaj | nohm'bro deh + declarations | deklaroj_ | dohgah'nahy + | | dehklah'roy + Nature of contents | _Priskribo de la | preeskree'bo deh la + | enhavo_ | ehnhah'vo + Value of contents | _Valoro de la enhavo_ | vahlohr'oh deh la + | | ehnhah'vo + Stamp of office of | _Stampo de la | stahm-po deh la + origin | elsendinta oficejo_ | ehl-sehndin'tah + | | offeetseh'yo + Place of | _Kien sendata_ | kee-ehn sehndah'tah + destination | | + Name and address | _Nomo kaj adreso de | no-mo kahy ahdreh'so + of sender | l'sendinto_ | dehl sehndin'toh + Where is the | _Kie estas la | kee-eh ehstahss la + post-office? | posxtoficejo?_ | pohst-offeetseh'yo? + Have you any | _Cxu vi havas leterojn | choo vee hah-vahss + letters for...? | por...?_ | letehr'oyn pohr...? + Will this letter | _Cxu tiu cxi letero | choo tee-oo chee + go to-night? | forsendigxos jam | lehtehr'o + | hodiaux nokte?_ | fohrsendee'johss yahm + | | ho-dee'ahw nok-teh? + What stamp will | _Kiom estos la afranko | kee-ohm eh-stohss la + this letter | de tiu cxi letero?_ | ahfrahn'ko deh tee-oo + require? | | chee lehteh'roh? + To register a | _Registri leteron_ | rehghis'tree + letter | | lehtehr'ohn + I wish to send a | _Mi volas sendi | mee vo-lahss sehn-dee + telegram | telegramon_ | tehlehgrah'mohn + The first ten | _La unuaj dek vorto_ | la oonoo'ahy dehk + words | | vortoy + Every extra word | _Cxiu plua vorto_ | chee-oo ploo-ah vor-toh + I expect a | _Mi atendas telegramon | mee ahten'dahss + telegram to-day | hodiaux_ | tehleh-grah'mohn + | | ho-dee'ahw + When does the post | _Kiam alvenas la | kee-ahm ahlveh'nahs la + from Rome come? | kuriero de Romo?_ | kooree-eh'ro deh + | | romo? + The letters will | _La leteroj estos | la lehteh'roy eh-stohss + be delivered | alportataj cxirkaux | ahl-portah'tahy + about noon | la tagmezo_ | cheer'kahw la + | | tahg-meh'zo + When does the mail | _Je kioma horo foriras | yeh kee-oh'ma ho-ro + leave for Italy? | la kuriero por | foreer'ahss la + | Italujo?_ | kooree-eh'ro pohr + | | eetaloo'yo? + Is the London mail | _Cxu la Londona kuriero | choo la lohndoh'nah + in yet? | ankoraux alvenis?_ | kooree-eh'ro + | | ahnko'rahw + | | ahlveh'neess? + When is the next | _Kiam okazos la | kee-ahm ohkah'zohss la + delivery? | proksima disporto?_ | proksee'mah + | | dispor'toh? + The latest | _La lasta disporto | la lah-stah dispor'toh + delivery is | okazas je la..._ | ohkah'zahss yeh la... + at... | | + I want a money | _Mi deziras | mee dehzeer'ahss + order for... | posxtmandaton por..._ | posht-mahndah'tohn + | | pohr... + Payable at the | _Pagebla cxe la Cxefa | pah-gheh'blah cheh la + General | Posxtoficejo, | cheh'fah + Post-office, | Londono_ | posht-offeetseh'yo + London | | lohndoh'no + What is the | _Kiom da afranko pri | kee-ohm dah ahfrahn'ko + postage on this | tiu cxi letero?_ | pree tee-oo chee + letter? | | lehteh'roh? + Is this letter | _Cxu tiu cxi letero | choo tee-oo chee + over-weight? | estas tro peza?_ | lehteh'roh ehstahss + | | tro pehzah? + It requires | _Gxi bezonas pluan | jee bezoh'nahss plooahn + another stamp | posxtmarkon_ | posht-mar'kohn + + +65. Correspondence. (_La Korespondado_) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 31.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + I have a letter to | _Mi devas respondi | mee deh-vahss + answer | leteron_ | rehspohn'dee + | | lehteh'rohn + I must write a | _Mi devas skribi | mee deh-vahss skreebee + letter | leteron_ | lehtehr'ohn + Do you want a pen? | _Cxu vi deziras | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + | plumon?_ | ploo-mon? + I want some paper | _Mi bezonas paperon kaj | mee behzoh'nahss + and envelopes | kovertojn_ | pahpeh'rohn kahy + | | kovehr'toyn + Will you give me | _Cxu vi donos al mi | choo vee doh-nohss ahl + some? | iom?_ | mee ee-ohm? + Lend me a sheet | _Pruntedonu al mi | proon-teh-doh'noo ahl + | folion_ | mee fohlee'ohn + Have you any? | _Cxu vi havas iom?_ | choo vee hah-vahss + | | ee-ohm? + Can you lend me a | _Cxu vi povas | choo vee povahss + pen? | pruntedoni al mi | proon-teh-doh'nee ahl + | plumon?_ | mee ploo-mohn? + Do you like a soft | _Cxu vi sxatas molan | choo vee shah-tahss + pen? | plumon?_ | mo-lahn ploo-mohn? + I like a hard one | _Mi preferas malmolan_ | mee preh-fehr'ahss + | | mahlmo'lahn + Where is the ink? | _Kie estas la inko?_ | kee-eh eh-stahss la + | | eenko? + There is no ink | _Ne estas inko_ | neh eh-stahss een-ko + What is the day of | _La kioma tago de | la kee-oh'ma tahgo dehl + the month? | l'monato estas?_ | mo-nah'toh eh-stahss? + To-day is the | _Hodiaux estas la unua_ | ho-dee'ahw eh-stahss la + first | | oonoo'ah + This is the ninth | _Hodiaux estas la | ho-dee'ahw eh-stahss la + | nauxa_ | nah-wah + Is your letter | _Cxu via letero estas | choo vee-ah lehteh'roh + ready for the | preta par la posxto?_ | eh-stahss preh-tah + post? | | por la posh-toh? + Seal your letter | _Sigelu vian leteron_ | sigeh'loo vee-ahn + | | lehteh'rohn + There is no | _Ne estas sigelvakso_ | neh eh-stahss + sealing-wax | | sigehlvahk'so + Take this letter | _Portu tiun cxi leteron | portoo tee-oon chee + to the post | al la posxto_ | lehteh'rohn ahl la + | | posh-toh + Pay the postage | _Afranku gxin_ | ahfrahn'koo jin + + +66. Legal and Judicial. (_Legxaj kaj Juraj Frazoj._) + +(For Vocabulary, see §. 28.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Call the police | _Alvoku policanon_ | ahlvo'koo + | | pohleet-sah'nohn + I give this man in | _Mi arestigas tiun cxi | mee ahreh-stee'gahss + charge | homon_ | tee-oon chee ho'mohn + What do you charge | _Pri kio vi akuzas | pree kee-oh vee + him with? | lin?_ | ahkoo'zahss lin? + He has stolen my | _Li sxtelis mian | lee shteh-leess mee-ahn + purse | monujon_ | monoo'yohn + He has taken my | _Li prenis mian | lee prehneess mee-ahn + watch | posx-horlogxon_ | posh-horlo'john + Where is the | _Kie estas la | kee-eh eh-stahss la + police-station? | policejo?_ | pohleet-seh'yo? + Have you any | _Cxu vi havas | choo vee hah-vahss + witnesses? | atestantojn?_ | ahteh-stahn'toyn? + I have two | _Mi havas du | mee hahvahss doo + witnesses | atestantojn_ | ahtehstahn'toyn + Where is the | _Kie estas la | kee-eh eh-stahss la + court? | tribunalo?_ | treeboonah'lo? + You must take out | _Vi devas eldonigi | vee deh-vahss + a summons | asignon_ | ehldoh-nee'ghee + | | ahseeg'nohn + I want a summons | _Mi deziras asignon_ | mee dehzeer'ahss + | | ah-seeg'nohn + Do you wish to | _Cxu vi deziras | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + prosecute? | persekuti?_ | pehrsehkoo'tee? + I don't care to | _Mi ne volas persekuti_ | mee neh vo-lahss + prosecute | | pehr-sehkoo'tee + What do you | _Kion vi konsilas?_ | kee'ohn vee + advise? | | konsee'lahss? + What am I to do? | _Kion mi faru?_ | kee-ohn mee fah-roo? + Can you recommend | _Cxu vi povas rekomendi | choo vee po-vahss + me a solicitor? | al mi solicitoron?_ | reh-komehn'dee ahl + | | mee + | | sohleet-seetor'ohn? + Will you take up | _Cxu vi okupos vin pri | choo vee ohkoo'pohss + my case? | mia afero?_ | vin pree mee-ah + | | ahfeh'roh? + Can I have an | _Cxu mi povas havi | choo mee po-vahss + interpreter? | interpretiston?_ | hahvee + | | intehrprehtis'ton? + I want bail | _Mi deziras, ke oni min | mee dehzeer'ahss, keh + | liberigu je kauxcio_ | oh-nee min + | | libehree'goo yeh + | | kahwtsee'oh + Send to my friends | _Sendu iun al miaj | sehn-doo ee-oon ahl + | amikoj_ | mee'ahy ahmee'koy + Where is the | _Kie estas la Brita | kee-eh eh-stahss la + British Embassy | Ambasadorejo | bree-tah + (Consulate)? | (Konsulejo)?_ | ahmbahsahdoreh'yo + | | (konsooleh'yo)? + This is quite | _Tio estas tute | tee-oh eh-stahss + wrong | malgxusta_ | too-teh mahl-joos'tah + It is not just | _Ne estas juste_ | neh eh-stahss yoos-teh + I accept your | _Mi akceptas vian | mee ahktsehp'tahss + apology | peton_ | veeahn peh-tohn + I apologise | _Mi petas pardonon_ | mee peh-tahss + | | pardoh'nohn + It was all a | _La tuta afero estis | la too-tah ahfehr'oh + mistake | eraro_ | eh-steess ehrah'ro + I claim damages | _Mi postulas | mee postoo'lahss + | monkompenson_ | mohnkompehn'sohn + The case is | _La proceso estas | la prohtseh'so + adjourned | prokrastita gxis..._ | eh-stahss + until... | | prohkrah-stee'tah + | | jiss... + I will be here | _Mi estos tie cxi_ | mee ehstohss tee-eh + | | chee + + +67. Commercial and Trading. (_Komercaj kaj Negocaj Frazoj._) + +(For Vocabulary see §. 29.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + The firm has | _La firmo bankrotis_ | la feer'mo + failed | | bahnkro'teess + What assets are | _Kiom da aktivo estas?_ | kee-ohm dah ahktee'vo + there? | | eh-stahss? + Show me a | _Montru al mi bilancon_ | mohn-troo ahl mee + balance-sheet | | bee-lahnt'sohn + What dividend is | _Kioman dividendon oni | keeohman dividen'dohn + declared? | deklaris?_ | ohnee deklah'reess? + The Bank rate is | _La Banka kurso | la bahn-kah koor-so + down | malaltigxis_ | mahlahltee'jeess + Send in my account | _Sendu mian konton_ | sehn-doo mee-ahn + | | kontohn + There is an error | _Estas eraro en via | eh-stahss eh-rah'ro ehn + in your account | konto_ | vee-ah kon-toh + You have | _Vi kalkulis al mi tro | vee kahlkoo'leess ahl + over-charged me | kare_ | mee tro kah-reh + This has been paid | _Tio estas pagita_ | teeoh ehstahss + | | pahgheetah + Your account is | _Estas jam post la | ehstahss yahm pohst la + overdue | pagdato de via konto_ | pahg-dah'toh deh + | | veeah kon-toh + Give me a receipt | _Donu al mi kvitancon_ | donoo ahl mee + | | kvitahnt'sohn + My samples are | _Miaj specimenoj | mee'ahy + delayed | malfruas_ | speht-seemeh'noy + | | mahl-froo'ahss + Your esteemed | _Via sxatata mendo | vee-ah shahtah'tah + order to hand | alvenis_ | mehndoh ahlveh'neess + We require trade | _Ni bezonas | nee behzoh'nahss + references | negocreferencojn_ | nehgohts- + | | rehfehrent'soyn + I have a letter of | _Mi havas prezentan | mee havahss + introduction | leteron_ | prehzehn'tahn + | | lehteh'rohn + When can you | _Kiam vi povas liveri | kee-ahm vee po-vahss + deliver the | la komercajxojn?_ | leeveh'ree la + goods? | | komehrtsah'zhoyn? + We will deliver on | _Ni liveros la unuan de | nee leeveh'rohss la + the 1st proximo | la proksima monato_ | oonoo'ahn deh la + | | proksee'mah + | | mohnah'toh + To execute an | _Plenumi mendon_ | plehnoo'mee mehndohn + order | | + Can I insure my | _Cxu mi povas asekuri | choo mee po-vahss + baggage? | miajn pakajxojn?_ | ahsehkoo'ree mee'ahyn + | | pahkah'zhoyn? + Your baggage is | _Viaj pakajxoj estas | vee'ahy pahkah'zhoy + liable to duty | imposteblaj_ | eh-stahss + | | imposteh'blahy + What is the rate? | _Po kiom?_ | po kee-ohm? + To discount a bill | _Diskonti kambion_ | diskon'tee kahmbee'ohn + Will you accept a | _Cxu vi akceptos | choo vee ahktsehp'tohss + bill? | kambion?_ | kahmbee'ohn? + Give me your | _Donu al mi vian | dohnoo ahl mee vee-ahn + estimate | kostproponon_ | kost-prohpo'nohn + Quote me a price | _Proponu prezon_ | prohpo'noo preh-zohn + Carriage forward | _Transporto pagota de | trahnspor'toh + | la ricevonto_ | pahgoh'tah deh la + | | ritsehvon'toh + Send by fast train | _Sendu per rapidira | sehn'doo pehr + | vagono_ | rahpeedee'rah + | | vahgo'no + It is short weight | _Mankas iom al la pezo_ | mahn-kahss ee-ohm ahl + | | la peh-zo + What is the | _Kiom estas la pezo?_ | kee-ohm eh-stahss la + weight? | | peh-zo? + The consignment is | _La sendajxo estas | la sehndah'zho ehstahss + bad | malbona_ | mahl-bo'nah + Not according to | _Ne laux specimeno_ | neh lahw spehtseemeh'no + sample | | + + +68. Changing Money. (_Por sxangxi monon._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Where can I get | _Kie mi povas sxangxigi | kee-eh mee po-vahss + money changed? | monon?_ | shahnjee'ghee + | | mo-nohn? + I want change for | _Mi volas havi monerojn | mee volahss hahvee + a five-pound | por kvinfunta | moneh'royn por + note | bankbileto_ | kvinfoon'tah + | | bahnk-beeleh'toh + Will you give me | _Volu doni al mi Anglan | vo-loo doh-nee ahl mee + English money? | monon?_ | ahn-glahn mo-nohn? + What is the | _Po kiom estas la kurso | po kee-ohm eh-stahss la + exchange on | pri Angla mono?_ | koor-so pree ahn-glah + English money? | | mo-no? + A bank-note | _Bankbileto_ | bahnk-beeleh'toh + Will you change me | _Cxu vi povas sxangxi | choo vee po-vahss + these | por mi cxi tiujn | shahnjee por mee chee + sovereigns? | funtojn sterlingajn?_ | tee-ooyn foon-toyn + | | stehrlin'gahyn? + Will you cash this | _Cxu vi povas sxangxi | choo vee po-vahss + cheque for me? | por mi cxi tiun | shahnjee por mee chee + | cxekon?_ | tee-oon cheh-kohn? + This cheque needs | _Estas necese, gxiri | eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, + endorsing | tiun cxi cxekon_ | jee-ree tee-oon chee + | | cheh-kohn + + + + +MONEY, WEIGHTS & MEASURES. + + +MONEY. (_Mono._) + +The following tables will be found useful: + +English Money, with French, German and Italian Equivalents. + + ENGLISH. | FRENCH. | GERMAN. | ITALIAN. + -------------+-------------+-------------+----------- + £ s. d. | Fr. C. | Mark Pf. | Lire Cent. + 50 0 0 | 1250 00 | 1000 00 | 1260 00 + 10 0 0 | 250 00 | 200 00 | 252 00 + 5 0 0 | 125 00 | 100 00 | 126 00 + 4 0 0 | 100 00 | 80 00 | 100 80 + 1 0 0 | 25 00 | 20 00 | 25 20 + 16 0 | 20 00 | 16 00 | 20 16 + 10 0 | 12 50 | 10 00 | 12 60 + 5 0 | 6 25 | 5 00 | 6 30 + 4 0 | 5 00 | 4 00 | 5 04 + 2 6 | 3 12.5 | 2 50 | 3 15 + 1 0 | 1 25 | 1 00 | 1 25 + 6 | 62.5 | 50 | 62 + 5 | 52 | 41 | 52 + 4 | 41 | 33 | 41 + 1 | 10 | 8 | 10 + 0-1/2 | 5 | 4 | 5 + +French, German and Italian Money, with English Equivalents. + + FRENCH. ENGLISH. | GERMAN. ENGLISH. | ITALIAN. ENGLISH. + -----------------------+--------------------+--------------------------- + £ s. d. | s. d. | £ s. d. + 50 francs = 2 0 0 | 1 mark = 1 0 | 50 lire = 1 19 8 + 20 " = 16 0 | 8 pfennig = 1 | 20 " = 16 0 + 5 " = 4 0 | 4 " = 1/2 | 5 " = 4 0 + 1 franc = 10 | | 1 lira = 9-1/2 + 10 centimes = 1 | | 10 centesimi = 1 + 5 " = 1/2 | | 5 " = 1/2 + +Considerable use is also made by Esperantists of the International +Auxiliary Money-unit (_Internacia Helpa Mono_) introduced by M. René de +Saussure, of the Internacia Scienca Asocio, Geneva. The unit is the +_Speso_, equivalent to one-tenth of a farthing in English money. + + 10 _spesoj_ (abbr. 10 _s._) = 1 _spesdeko_ (1 _sd._) = 1/4d. + 100 _spesdekoj_ (100 _sd._) = 1 _spesmilo_ (1 _sm._) = 2s. 0d. + 1 _sm._ = 100 _sd._ = 1,000 _s._ + +The approximate values of 10 _spesmiloj_ in terms of the various +national units are as follows: 10 _spesmiloj_ = 25 francs = 20 shillings += 20 marks = 5 dollars = 24 Austrian kroner = 18 Scandinavian kroner = +12 Dutch florins = 9-1/2 roubles = 4-1/2 Portuguese milreis = 9 +Brazilian milreis = 5 pesetas = 9-3/4 yen. + +The chief point to remember is that 1 _spesmilo_ equals 2 shillings, and +1 _spesdeko_ equals approximately 1 farthing. + + +WEIGHTS & MEASURES. (_Pezoj kaj Mezuroj._) + +The Metric System is the one in general use among Esperantists. The +following table shows the essential decimal character of the system: + + Parts. Length. Weight. Capacity. + One-thousandth. Milimetro. Miligramo. Mililitro. + One-hundredth. Centimetro. Centigramo. Centilitro. + One-tenth. Decimetro. Decigramo. Decilitro. + ONE. METRO (unit). GRAMO (unit). LITRO (unit). + Ten. Dekametro. Dekagramo. Dekalitro. + Hundred. Hektometro. Hektogramo. Hektolitro. + Thousand. Kilometro. Kilogramo. Kilolitro. + + +MEASURES OF LENGTH. (_Mezuroj de Longeco._) + + English. Esperanto. + 1 inch = 2.54 _centimetroj_ + 1 foot (12 in.) = 30.48 " + 1 yard (3 ft.) = 91.43 " + 1 furlong (220 yds.) = 201 _metroj_ + 1 mile (1760 yds.) = 1.61 _kilometroj_ + 5 miles = 8.05 " + + Esperanto. English. + 1 _centimetro_ = 0.394 (1/3) inch + 1 _decimetro_ = 3.94 inches + 1 _metro_ = 39.37 in. (3 ft. 3-1/3 in.) + 1 _hektometro_ = 109 yds. 1 ft. + 1 _kilometro_ = 1093 yds. (5/8 mile) + 5 _kilometroj_ = 3 miles 220 yds. + + +WEIGHTS. (_Pezoj._) + + English. Esperanto. + 1 ounce... = 28 _gramoj_ + 1 lb. (16 oz.) = 453 " + 1 stone (14 lb.) = 6 _kilo._ 345 _gr._ + 1 quarter (28 lb.) = 12 _kilo._ 690 _gr._ + 1 cwt. (112 lb.) = 50 _kilo._ 750 _gr._ + 1 ton (20 cwt.) = 1015 _kilogramoj_ + + Esperanto. English. + 1 _gramo_ = .0357 (1/30) oz. (15.432 gr.) + 1 _hektogramo_ = 3-1/2 oz. + 1 _kilogramo_ = 2.2 lb. + 5 _kilogramoj_ = 11 lb. + 1000 " = 19 cwt. 2 qr. 23 lb. + + +LIQUIDS. (_Fluidajxoj._) + + English. Esperanto. + 1 pint = 0.57 _litro_ + 1 quart (2 pints) = 1.14 _litroj_ + 1 gallon (4 quarts) = 4.54 " + 1 barrel (36 gallons) = 160.32 " + 1 hogshead (54 gall.) = 240.48 " + + Esperanto. English. + 1 _litro_ = 1.76 (1-3/4) pints (0.22 gall.) + 5 _litroj_ = 1 gallon 1 pint + 1 _hektolitro_ = 22 gallons + 1 _kilolitro_ = 220 " + + +AREA. (_Areo._) + + English. Esperanto. + 1 sq. inch = 6.45 _kvadrataj centimetroj_ + 1 sq. foot = 9.29 " _decimetroj_ + 1 sq. yard = 83.6 " _decimetroj_ + 1 acre = 4046.78 _kv. metroj_ + + Esperanto. English. + 1 _centiaro_ (1 _kv. metro_) = 1.196 sq. yd. + 1 _aro_ (100 _kv. metroj_) = 0.099 rood + 1 _hektaro_ (10,000 _kv. metroj_) = 2.471 acres + +The following Esperanto translations of English units are sometimes +needed: _Colo_, inch; _futo_, foot; _jardo_, yard; _mejlo_, mile; +_unco_, ounce; _funto_, pound; _ekro_, acre. + + +POSTAGE. + +The postage on LETTERS from the United Kingdom to foreign countries +(except Egypt and the United States) is 2-1/2d. for 1 ounce, and 1-1/2d. +for each succeeding ounce or fraction thereof; POSTCARDS, 1d.; +NEWSPAPERS, 1/2d. for every 2 ounces; COMMERCIAL PAPERS, 2-1/2d. for the +first 10 ounces, and 1/2d. per 2 ounces thereafter. Special Coupons for +PREPAYMENT OF REPLY are issued in connection with many countries. + + NOTES + + [1] _Any information as to Esperanto groups, literature, etc., may be + obtained on application to The British Esperanto Association, 142, + High Holborn, London, W.C. 1._ + + [2] The names of trees and bushes are formed by adding the suffix + _-uj_ (or simply _-arbo_, tree) to the root denoting the fruit or + flower. E.g., _pruno_, plum--_prunujo_ or _prunarbo_, plum-tree; + _marono_, chestnut--_maronujo, maronarbo_, chestnut-tree; _rozo_, + rose--_rozujo, rozarbeto_, rose-bush. + + [3] See §. "The Noun." + + [4] Where a country is called after its inhabitants, the Esperanto + name for it is formed by adding the suffix *-uj* (= that which + contains, see section "Suffixes") or *-lando* (land) to the root + denoting the inhabitant. Thus: _Belg-o_, Belgian--_Belg-ujo_, + Belgium; _Brito_, Briton--_Grandbritujo_, Great Britain; _Sviso_, a + Swiss--_Svisujo_, Switzerland; or _Belgolando, Skotlando, + Anglolando, Svislando,_ etc. Where the name of the inhabitants is + formed from that of the country, use is made of the suffix *-ano* (= + member of). Thus: _Euxropo_, Europe--_Euxropano_, European; + _Irlando_, Ireland--_Irlandano_, Irishman. + + [5] See *-an*, section "Suffixes". + + [6] See section "Participles". + + [7] See section "Suffixes". + + [8] See section "Suffixes". + + [9] For this purpose the small penny Esperanto "key," which contains + the fundamental roots of the language, will be found useful. It may + be obtained of any Esperanto bookseller. + + +------------------- +TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES + +The diacritical letters "c", "g", "h", "j" and "s" with hats, and "u" +with a breve, are represented in this version using the digraphs "cx", +"gx", "hx", "jx", "sx" and "ux" respectively. The letters "i" and "o" +with a breve are represented as "[)i]" and "[)o]" respectively. + +Text printed in _italics_ or in *bold* was represented as shown. + +References to page numbers have been rewritten to use section titles or +numbers (including sections 38 to 68 which are not numbered in the +original). + +The following typographic errors were corrected: + + p. 20, _piedovojeto_ > _piedvojeto_ + p. 46, _sxraubturnilo_ > _sxrauxbturnilo_ + p. 60, _Telephono_ > _Telefono_ (in title) + p. 78, _double_ > _duoble_ (_duoble_, doubly) + p. 85, _-ac_ > _-acx_ + p. 87, _autaux'cxambro_ > _antaux'cxambro_ + p. 101, _Lauhore_ > _Lauxhore_ + p. 103, _esta_ > _estas_ (_Cxu la matenmangxo estas...?_) + p. 108, _miaj-amikoj_ > _miaj amikoj_ + p. 114, _sxraubingon_ > _sxrauxbingon_ + p. 118, ight-horse-power > eight-horse-power + +as well as several punctuation errors and inconsistencies in the +Prononciation column of the tables, which were silently corrected. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Esperanto Self-Taught with Phonetic +Pronunciation, by William W. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Esperanto Self-Taught with Phonetic Pronunciation + +Author: William W. Mann + +Release Date: December 23, 2007 [EBook #23984] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ESPERANTO SELF-TAUGHT *** + + + + +Produced by Jonathan Ingram, Laurent Vogel and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + +MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIES + + + Esperanto Self-Taught + WITH + PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION. + BY + *WILLIAM W. MANN.* + (_Member of the British Esperanto Association._) + + [Illustration: ST Series--Trade Mark Registered] + + THIRD EDITION + + PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN + + LONDON: + E. MARLBOROUGH & CO., LTD., 51 OLD BAILEY, E.C. 4 + + [ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.] + + + + +PREFACE. + + +The object of this volume is two-fold. It supplies very full and +comprehensive vocabularies of the words required by the tourist or +traveller, visitor or resident abroad, health or pleasure seeker, and +professional or business man, together with a large number of +conversational sentences of a typical and practical character. The words +and phrases are classified according to subject, and the phonetic +pronunciation of every word is added in accordance with Marlborough's +simple and popular system of phonetics. + +With the aid of this book anyone may undertake a trip to a foreign land, +even if he know nothing of the language of the country he is going to, +and, if he will put himself beforehand in communication with +Esperantists in the various places he intends to visit, he will find +them ready to help him in many ways, and his stay abroad will thus be +made much more entertaining and instructive than if he had spent his +time in the conventional manner of the ordinary tourist. A further great +advantage of this international language is, that it opens up to the +traveller, not merely one particular country, but the whole of Europe. + +The book also aims at affording a practical guide to Esperanto for the +student, who will find, in the section on Grammar, all that he needs to +give him full insight into and grasp of the language, enabling him with +very little effort to read, write and speak correctly. + +By joining an Esperanto Group the learner may have frequent opportunity +of conversational practice, and he will soon find that it is by no means +a difficult matter to become as fluent in the auxiliary language as in +his mother-tongue.[1] + +Esperanto is not merely a language for tourists, but already possesses a +rich literature of considerable extent, the beginnings of that +"Weltlitteratur" foreseen by Goethe; it has a press of its own +representing every country of importance in the world, and is constantly +being made use of for professional purposes by doctors, scientists, +teachers, lawyers, soldiers, sailors, merchants, etc., in every quarter +of the globe. It is undoubtedly destined, ere many years have passed, to +become a very important factor in the progress of the world. + + WILLIAM W. MANN. + +_London, 1908._ + +_PRINTED AND MADE IN GREAT BRITAIN._ + +Letchworth: THE GARDEN CITY PRESS LTD. + +_Fifth Impression_ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + + PAGE + Alphabet, with English Phonetic Pronunciation 5 + + Preliminary Notes.--Accents, Vowels, Diphthongs, etc. 8 + + Vocabularies.--Pages 9 to 76. + Amusement, Recreation and 41 + Animals, Vegetables, &c.: + Animals, Birds and Fishes 12 + Fruit, Trees, Flowers and Vegetables 15 + Reptiles and Insects 14 + Colours 17 + Commercial Terms 56 + Correspondence 61 + Countries and Nations 40 + Cycling 44 + Cooking and Table Utensils 29 + House and Furniture, The 34 + Legal Terms 54 + Mankind: Relations 22 + Dress and the Toilet 30 + Food and Drink 27 + Health 26 + Human Body, The 23 + Physical and Mental Powers, Qualities, etc. 24 + Motoring 47 + Numbers: Cardinal, Ordinal, Collective and Fractional 62-64 + Parts of Speech.--Pages 64 to 76 + Adjectives 64 + Adverbs, Conjunctions, and Prepositions 72 + Verbs 68 + Photography 48 + Post, Telegraph and Telephone 60 + Professions and Trades 52 + Recreation and Amusement 41 + Religion 50 + Telegraph and Telephone (Post, --) 60 + Time and Seasons 17 + Town, Country, and Agriculture 20 + Travelling: By Road and Rail 36 + " By Ship 39 + Washing List 33 + World and its Elements, The 9 + Land and Water 10 + Minerals and Metals 11 + + Grammar.--Pages 77 to 88. + The Adjective 77 + " Adverb 83 + " Article 77 + " Conjunction 83 + " Noun 77 + " Preposition 83 + " Pronoun 78 + " Verb 81 + + The Formation of Words, etc.--Pages 84 to 88. + Prefixes and Suffixes 84-87 + Compound Words 87 + Correlatives 88 + + Conversations.--Pages 89 to 126. + Amusements 112 + Commercial and Trading 125 + Correspondence 122 + Custom House, At the 98 + Cycling 114 + Enquiries 93 + Expressions, (Useful and Necessary) 89 + Expressions of Emotion 93 + Health 105 + Legal and Judicial 123 + Meals 102-105 + Breakfast 102 + Dinner 103 + Tea 104 + Money Changing 126 + Motoring 115 + Photography 117 + Post and Telegraph 121 + Religion 118 + Shopping 108 + Dressmaker 110 + Laundress 111 + Shoemaker 110 + Telegraph (Post and) 121 + Time of Day, The 118 + Times, Seasons, and Weather 119 + Town, In 106 + Travelling:-- + Arrival 99 + Bus and Tram 100 + Changing Money 126 + Hotel and Rooms 100 + Public Notices 94 + Railway, By 95 + Steamer, By 97 + Useful and Necessary Expressions 89 + + Money.--Equivalent Values 127 + + Weights and Measures; Postage 128 + + + + +THE ESPERANTO ALPHABET (WITH PHONETIC PRONUNCIATION). + + +The Esperanto Alphabet has 28 letters--23 consonants, 5 vowels:-- + + Characters. | Name and English Pronunciation. | Phonetics + | | used. + | | + ------------+---------------------------------------------+----------- + A, a | (ah) like _a_ in _father_ or _pa_; as | + | _patro_ (pah'troh). In unaccented syllables | + | it should not be dwelt upon, and in all | + | cases it should be pronounced quite purely, | + | without the slight drawling _r_-sound which | + | is sometimes added to the corresponding | + | vowel in English | ah + | | + B, b | (bo) as in English | b + | | + C, c | (tsoh) like _ts_ in _gets_, _hits_, and | + | never as in English; as _caro_ (tsah'roh) | ts + | | + CX, cx | (cho) like _ch_ in _church_; as _cxasi_ | + | (chah'see) | ch + | | + D, d | (do) as in English, but with tip of tongue | + | placed on back of teeth instead of on front | + | ridge of roof of mouth | d + | | + E, e | (eh) like _e_ in _bend_ pronounced broadly, | + | or _a_ in _hate_ shortly pronounced, but | + | quite pure, entirely without the slight | + | drawling _ee_-sound often heard after the | + | English vowel; as _beno_ (beh'noh) | e, eh + | | + F, f | (fo) as in English | f + | | + G, g | (go) like _g_ in _go_, _give_, as _gasto_ | + | (gah'stoh), and never like _g_ in _gem_, | + | _allege_ | g + | | + GX, gx | (jo) like _g_ in _gem_, _general_, and _j_ | + | in _jovial_; as _gxeni_ (jeh'nee) | j + | | + H, h | (ho) as in English | h + | | + HX, hx | (hxo) like _ch_ in Scotch _loch_, _ch_ in | + | German _hoch_, _j_ in Spanish _mujer_. This | + | guttural sound is practically a very | + | strongly aspirated _h_, and may be made by | + | trying to pronounce "ho" with the throat | + | arranged as for saying _k_:--_hxoro_ | + | (khoro), _hxino_ (khino) | _kh_ + | | + I, i | (ee) like _ee_ in _seen_, as _li_ (lee). In | + | unaccented syllables, and before two | + | consonants together, this _i_ practically | + | becomes the _i_ in _it_ or in _wind_; as | + | _ferminte_ (fehrr-min'teh) | ee, i + | | + J, j | (yo) *always* like _y_ in _yet_, as _jes_ | + | (yehss), _vojo_ (vo'yo), and never like _j_ | + | in _judge_, _joke_ | y + | | + | It should be remembered that _j_ is _always | + | a consonant_, with the sound of the English | + | _y_ in _you_. Of course, when _j_ occurs at | + | the end of a word or before a consonant, it | + | practically unites with the preceding vowel | + | to form a diphthong, and loses the full | + | consonantal sound which it has before a | + | vowel. Thus: | + | | + | _Aj_ (ahy), like _ah y_ in _ah yes_ (almost | + | like _y_ in _my_); as _kaj_ (kah'y), | + | _rajdi_ (rah'y-dee), _krajono_ (krah-yo'no) | ahy + | | + | _Ej_ (ehy), like _ay y_ in _say yes_; as | + | _plej_ (pleh'y, *one* syllable) | ehy + | | + | _Oj_ (oy), like _oh y_ in _oh yes_ (almost | + | like _oy_ in _toy_); as _ranoj_ (rah'noy), | + | _kojno_ (koy'noh) | oy + | | + | _Uj_ (ooy), like _oo y_ in _too young_; as | + | _tuj_ (too'y, *one* syllable), _prujno_ | + | (proo'yno, *two* syllables) | ooy + | | + Jx, jx | (zho) like _s_ in _vision_ or _pleasure_, | + | or _j_ in French _jeune, j'ai_; as _jxeti_ | + | (zheh'tee) | zh + | | + K, k | (ko) as in English | k + | | + L, l | (lo) as in English | l + | | + M, m | (mo) as in English | m + | | + N, n | (no) as in English | n + | | + O, o | (oh) like _o_ in _horse_, not | + | diphthongized, but pronounced purely and | + | rather shortly, as _bona_ (boh'nah NOT | + | bow'nah), quite without the short | + | _oo_-sound frequently heard with the | + | English vowel in such words as _note_, | + | _boat_. Its sound is almost equivalent to | + | _aw_ in _caw_, pronounced shortly and with | + | the lips placed roundly as if for saying | o, + | _oh_; as _estonta_ (ess-tohn'tah) | oh + | | + P, p | (po) as in English | p + | | + R, r | (ro) as in English, but sounded _much more | + | forcibly_, and always _with a trill_ as in | + | singing; as _korpo_ (kohr'po) | r + | | + S, s | (so) like _s_ in _say_, as _suno_ | + | (soo'noh), and *never* as _s_ in _rose_; as | + | _pesi_ (peh'see) | s, ss + | | + Sx, sx | (sho) like _sh_ in _show_, _she_; as | + | _sxipo_ (shee'poh) | sh + | | + T, t | (to) as in English, but dentally--with tip | + | of tongue placed on back of teeth instead | + | of on front ridge of roof of mouth | t + | | + U, u | (oo) like _oo_ in _boot_, as _nubo_ | + | (*noo'*boh); and *never* as _u_ in _mute_ | + | or _but_ | oo + | | + Ux, ux | (wo) is equivalent to the English _w_, and | + | is produced by a _partial bringing | + | together_ of the lips. It practically only | w, + | occurs after _a_ or _e_ | [)o][)o] + | | + | (1) _Aux_. To say _antaux_, for instance, | + | say "ahn'tah," and finish by bringing the | + | lips slightly together to pronounce the | + | _ux_ (_w_). Similarly for _lauxta_ | + | (lah'w-tah). This sound is not exactly the | + | English _ou_ in _house_, but is just the | + | _au_ in the German _Haus_. The phonetic | + | sign for _aux_, therefore is | ahw + | | + | (2) _Eux_, as in _Euxropo_ (ehw-ro'poh), is | + | pronounced with a similar closing of the | + | lips after the _eh-_sound | ehw + | | + V, v | (vo) as in English | v + | | + Z, z | (zo) as in English | z + | | + + + + +PRELIMINARY NOTES. + + +In order to make the best progress in acquiring the words and sentences +in the following pages, the student is recommended to learn a few at a +time by repeating them aloud with the aid of the phonetic pronunciation +in the third column. + +Although the system of phonetics may seem a little cumbersome, practice +will soon enable the student to pronounce the words easily and +naturally. The following notes will be useful:-- + +1. *Accent.*--In Esperanto, *every letter*, whether vowel or consonant, +*is sounded*. *The accented syllable of a word is always the last but +one.* Thus, _nobla_ (noh'blah), _irado_ (ee-rah'do), _telefono_ +(teh-leh-foh'no), _internacia_ (in-tehr-naht-see'ah), _folio_ +(fohlee'oh). + +It should be borne in mind that _j_ and _ux_ *are consonants*, and do +not, like the vowels, of themselves constitute a syllable. Thus, _tiu_ +(tee'oo, *two* syllables) and _tiuj_ (tee'ooy, also *two* syllables), +_rajdi_ (rah'y-dee, *not* rah-[)i]'dee), _antaux_ (ahn'tahw, *not* +ahn-tah'[)o][)o]). + +2. *The vowels, _a_, _e_, _i_, _o_, _u_, should in Esperanto be +pronounced quite purely*, and entirely without any drawling after-sound. +Many English speakers diphthongize _a_, _i_, _o_, and pronounce _late_ +as "l_a-i_t," _pale_ as "p_a-i_l," _paper_ as "p_a-y_-per," _road_ as +"row-d," etc. This habit of drawling the vowels, when transferred to +Esperanto, thus: _Mi ne povas bone paroli_, mee'y nay'ee +poh'[)o][)o]-vah(r)ss boh'[)o][)o]-nehy pah(r)-roh'[)o][)o]-leey, +immediately reveals the nationality of the speaker. + +There is also an inclination to interpose an _r_-sound between _la_ +("the") and a word beginning with a vowel, thus: _la(r)ebleco_ instead +of _la ebleco_, _la(r)internacia lingvo_ instead of _la internacia +lingvo_, etc. This should be avoided. + +3. *Combinations of Consonants.*--There are a few consonantal +combinations which offer a slight difficulty to English beginners, viz., +_gv_, _kn_, _kv_, _sc_. The combinations _gv_, _kn_, and _kv_, as in +_gvidi_ (gvee'dee), _knabo_ (knah'bo), _kvieto_ (kvee-eh'toh), may be +practised by first placing a vowel before the _g_ or _k_, and gradually +suppressing it. Thus, first say _la knabo_ (lahk-nah'bo), and gradually +drop the "lah," until finally _knabo_ can be said without difficulty. + +The combination _sc_, as in _sceno_ (stseh'no), may be learnt thus: Say +"last sane" several times, very distinctly pronouncing the _st_ and the +_s_, then gradually "'st sane", and finally _sceno_ (stseh'no) without +any preceding vowel-sound. When this combination follows a vowel, as in +_mi scias_, it should cause no difficulty, for the _s_ is easily +pronounced with the first syllable, thus: meess-tsee'ahss. + + * * * * * + + +LETTER FROM DR. ZAMENHOF. (_Founder of Esperanto._) + + Varsovio, 14.9.08. + + KARAJ SINJOROJ,--Kun plezuro kaj danko mi ricevis vian leteron de + 10.9, kaj ankaux la presprovajxon de "Esperanto Self-Taught." + + Cxar Sro Mann estas tre kompetenta kaj sperta esperantisto, tial mi + estas tute certa, ke la libro verkita de li estos tre bona kaj tre + utila. + + Via, + + (_Signed_) ZAMENHOF. + +[TRANSLATION.] + + _Warsaw, 14.9.08._ + + _Dear Sirs,--I received your letter of Sept. 10, and the proofs of + "Esperanto Self-Taught," with pleasure and thanks._ + + _As Mr. Mann is a very competent and experienced Esperantist, I am + quite certain that the book written by him will be very good and very + useful._ + + _Yours_, + + (_Signed_) _ZAMENHOF_. + + + + +VOCABULARIES. + + +1. The World & its Elements. (_La Mondo kaj gxiaj Elementoj._) + +(See Notes on the Article) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Air | _aero_ | ah-eh'ro + cloud | _nubo_ | noo'bo + cold | _malvarmo_ | mahl-vahrr'mo + darkness | _mallumo_ | mahl-loo'mo + dew | _roso_ | ro'so + dust | _polvo_ | pohl'vo + earth | _tero_ | teh'ro + east | _oriento_ | o-ree-ehn'toh + eclipse | _eklipso_ | eh-klip'so + fire | _fajro_ | fahy'ro + fog | _nebulo_ | neh-boo'lo + frost | _frosto_ | frohst'o + hail | _hajlo_ | hahy'lo + heat | _varmo_ | vahrr'mo + light | _lumo_ | loo'mo + lightning | _fulmo_ | fool'mo + moon; --, new | _luno; nova luno_ | loo'no; no'vah loo'no + --, full | _plena luno_ | pleh'nah loo'no + moonlight | _lunlumo_ | loon'loo'mo + nature | _naturo_ | nah-too'ro + north | _nordo_ | nohrr'doh + rain | _pluvo_ | ploo'vo + rainbow | _cxielarko_ | chee-ehl-ahr'ko + shade, shadow | _ombro_ | ohm'bro + sky | _cxielo_ | chee-eh'lo + snow | _negxo_ | neh'jo + south | _sudo_ | soo'doh + star | _stelo_ | steh'lo + sun | _suno_ | soo'no + thaw | _degelo_ | deh-geh'lo + thunder | _tondro_ | tohn'dro + weather | _vetero_ | veteh'ro + west | _okcidento_ | ohk-tsee-dehn'toh + wind | _vento_ | vehn'toh + + +2. Land and Water. (_La Tero kaj la Akvo._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Bay | _golfeto_ | golf-eh'toh + beach | _marbordo_ | mahrbohr'doh + canal | _kanalo_ | kanah'lo + cape | _terkapo_ | tehr-kah'po + cliff | _krutegajxo_ | kroo-teh-gah'zho + coast | _marbordo_ | mahr-bohr'doh + creek | _kriko_ | kree'ko + current | _akvofluo_ | ahk'vo-floo'oh + ebb | _malfluso_ | mahl-floo'so + flood (deluge) | _inundo_ | in-oon'doh + -- (of the tide) | _fluso_ | floo'so + flow | _fluo_ | floo'oh + foam | _sxauxmo_ | shahw'mo + hill | _monteto_ | mohn-teh'toh + ice | _glacio_ | glaht-see'oh + island | _insulo_ | in-soo'lo + lake | _lago_ | lah'go + land | _tero_ | teh'ro + mainland | _cxeftero_ | chehf-teh'ro + marsh | _marcxo_ | mahr'cho + moor | _stepo_ | steh'po + mountain | _monto_ | mohn'toh + mud | _koto_ | ko'toh + river | _rivero_ | reeveh'ro + rock | _roko_ | ro'ko + sand | _sablo_ | sah'blo + sea | _maro_ | mah'ro + sea-shore | _marbordo_ | mahr-bohr'doh + shingle | _sxtonetajxo_ | shto-neh-tah'zho + storm | _ventego_ | ven-teh'go + stream | _rivereto_ | rivehr-eh'toh + tide; --, high | _tajdo; altmaro_ | tahy'doh; ahlt-mah'ro + --, low | _malaltmaro_ | mahl'ahlt-mah'ro + valley | _valo_ | vah'lo + water; --, fresh | _akvo; sensala akvo_ | ahk'vo; sen-sah'la + | | ahk'vo + --, salt | _sala akvo_ | sah'la ahk'vo + waterfall | _akvofalo_ | ahk'vo-fah'lo + wave | _ondo_ | ohn'doh + well | _akvoputo_ | ahk'vo-poo'toh + + +3. Minerals & Metals. (_Mineraloj kaj Metaloj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Alum | _aluno_ | ahloo'no + amber | _sukceno_ | sookt-seh'no + brass | _latuno_ | lah-too'no + bricks | _brikoj_ | bree'koy + bronze | _bronzo_ | brohn'zo + cement | _cemento_ | tseh-mehn'to + chalk | _kreto_ | kreh'to + clay | _argilo_ | ahr-ghee'lo + coal | _karbo_ | kahrr'bo + concrete | _betono_ | beh-toh'no + copper | _kupro_ | koo'pro + coral | _koralo_ | kohrah'lo + crystal | _kristalo_ | kris-tah'lo + diamond | _diamanto_ | dee-ahmahn'toh + emerald | _smeraldo_ | smehrahl'doh + glass | _vitro_ | vee'tro + gold | _oro_ | oh'ro + granite | _granito_ | grahnee'toh + gravel | _gruzo_ | groo'zo + iron | _fero_ | feh'ro + --, cast | _fandfero_ | fahnd-feh'ro + --, wrought | _forgxfero_ | fohrj-feh'ro + lead | _plumbo_ | ploom'bo + lime | _kalko_ | kahl'ko + marble | _marmoro_ | mahrr-moh'ro + mercury | _hidrargo_ | heedrahrr'go + mortar | _mortero_ | mohr-teh'ro + nickel | _nikelo_ | nik-eh'loh + opal | _opalo_ | ohpah'lo + ore | _minajxo_ | meenah'zho + pearl | _perlo_ | pehrr'lo + ruby | _rubeno_ | roobeh'no + silver | _argxento_ | ahrr-jehn'toh + slate | _ardezo_ | ahrr-deh'zo + soda | _sodo_ | so'doh + steel | _sxtalo_ | shtah'lo + stone | _sxtono_ | shtoh'no + tin | _stano_ | stah'no + zinc | _zinko_ | zeen'ko + + +4. Animals, Birds & Fishes. (_Bestoj, Birdoj, kaj Fisxoj._) + +(See Shopping, section 53.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Animal | _besto_ | beh'stoh + barking | _bojado_ | bo-yah'doh + bear | _urso_ | oorr'so + bird | _birdo_ | beerr'doh + blackbird | _merlo_ | mehrr'lo + braying | _azenbleko_ | ah-zehn-bleh'ko + bull | _bovoviro_ | bo'vo-veer'oh + calf | _bovido_ | bo-vee'doh + canary | _kanario_ | kanah-ree'oh + cat | _kato_ | kah'toh + chicken | _kokido_ | ko-kee'doh + claw, nail | _ungo_ | oon'go + cock | _koko_ | ko'ko + cod | _moruo_ | mo-roo'oh + colt | _cxevalido_ | chehvah-lee'doh + cow | _bovino_ | bo-vee'no + crab | _krabo_ | krah'bo + cuckoo | _kukolo_ | koo-ko'lo + deer | _damcervo_ | dahm-tsehrr'vo + dog | _hundo_ | hoon'doh + donkey | _azeno_ | ah-zeh'no + dove, pigeon | _kolombo_ | ko-lohm'bo + duck | _anaso_ | ah-nah'so + --, wild | _sovagxa anaso_ | so-vah'ja ah-nah'so + eagle | _aglo_ | ah'glo + eel | _angilo_ | ahn-ghee'lo + elephant | _elefanto_ | ehleh-fahn'toh + feather | _plumo_ | ploo'mo + fins | _nagxiloj_ | nah-jee'loy + fish | _fisxo_ | fee'sho + fowl | _kortbirdo_ | kohrrt-beer'doh + fox | _vulpo_ | vool'po + fur | _felo_ | feh'lo + game | _cxasajxo_ | chah-sah'zho + gills | _brankoj_ | brahn'koy + goat | _kapro_ | kah'pro + goose | _ansero_ | ahn-seh'ro + gull | _mevo_ | meh'vo + haddock | _eglefino_ | eh-gleh-fee'no + hake | _merlucxo_ | mehr-loo'cho + hare | _leporo_ | lepoh'ro + hen | _kokino_ | ko-kee'no + herring | _haringo_ | har-een'go + hoof | _hufo_ | hoo'foh + horn | _korno_ | kohrr'no + horse | _cxevalo_ | cheh-vah'loh + howling | _blekado_ | bleh-kah'doh + lamb | _sxafido_ | shah-fee'do + lark | _alauxdo_ | ahl-ahw'doh + lion | _leono_ | leh-oh'no + lobster | _omaro_ | o-mah'ro + mackerel | _skombro_ | skohm'bro + magpie | _pigo_ | pee'go + mane | _kolhararo_ | kohl'har-ah'ro + mewing | _miauxado_ | mee-ah-wah'doh + monkey | _simio_ | sim-ee'oh + mouse | _muso_ | moo'so + mullet | _mugelo_ | moo-gheh'lo + nightingale | _najtingalo_ | nahy-tin-gah'lo + owl | _strigo_ | stree'go + ox | _bovo_ | bo'vo + oyster | _ostro_ | oh'stro + parrot | _papago_ | pa-pah'go + partridge | _perdriko_ | pehr-dree'ko + paw | _piedo_ | pee-eh'doh + peacock | _pavo_ | pah'voh + pheasant | _fazano_ | fah-zah'no + pig | _porko_ | pohrr'ko + pike | _ezoko_ | eh-zo'ko + plaice | _plateso_ | plah-teh'so + quail | _koturno_ | ko-toorr'no + rabbit | _kuniklo_ | koo-nee'klo + rat | _rato_ | rah'toh + raven | _korvo_ | kohrr'vo + rook | _frugilego_ | froo-ghee-leh'go + salmon | _salmo_ | sahl'mo + sheep | _sxafo_ | shah'fo + snipe | _marcxa skolopo_ | mar'chah sko-lo'po + sparrow | _pasero_ | pa-seh'ro + stork | _cikonio_ | tsee-konee'oh + swallow | _hirundo_ | hee-roon'doh + swan | _cigno_ | tseeg'noh + tail | _vosto_ | vo'sto + thrush | _turdo_ | toorr'doh + tiger | _tigro_ | tee'gro + tortoise | _testudo_ | tess-too'doh + trout | _truto_ | troo'toh + turbot | _rombfisxo_ | rohmb-fee'sho + turkey | _meleagro_ | meh-leh-ah'gro + turtle | _kelonio_ | keh-lo-nee'oh + whale | _baleno_ | bah-leh'no + wing | _flugilo_ | floo-ghee'lo + wolf | _lupo_ | loo'po + wren | _regolo_ | reh-go'lo + + +5. Reptiles & Insects. (_Rampuloj kaj Insektoj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Ant | _formiko_ | fohrmee'ko + bee | _abelo_ | ah-beh'lo + beetle | _skarabo_ | skarah'bo + bug | _cimo_ | tsee'moh + butterfly | _papilio_ | pah-peelee'oh + caterpillar | _rauxpo_ | rahw'po + flea | _pulo_ | poo'lo + fly | _musxo_ | moo'shoh + frog | _rano_ | rah'noh + gnat | _kulo_ | koo'lo + grasshopper | _akrido_ | ah-kree'doh + insect | _insekto_ | insek'toh + moth; --, clothes- | _faleno; tineo_ | fah-leh'no; teeneh'oh + silkworm | _silkrauxpo_ | silk-rahw'po + snail | _heliko_ | heh-lee'ko + snake | _serpento_ | sehr-pehn'toh + spider | _araneo_ | arah-neh'oh + sting | _pikilo_ | peekee'lo + toad | _bufo_ | boo'fo + wasp | _vespo_ | vehs'po + worm | _vermo_ | vehrr'mo + + +6. Fruits, Trees[2], Flowers & Vegetables (_Fruktoj, Arboj, Floroj, kaj +Legomoj._) + +(For Shopping, see section 52.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Acorn | _glano_ | glah'noh + almond | _migdalo_ | mig-dah'lo + apple | _pomo_ | poh'mo + apricot | _abrikoto_ | ahbree-ko'toh + ash | _frakseno_ | frahk-seh'noh + asparagus | _asparago_ | ahspah-rah'go + banana | _banano_ | bahnah'no + bark | _arbsxelo_ | ahrb-sheh'lo + beans | _faboj_ | fah'boy + beech (-tree) | _fago_ | fah'go + beetroot | _beto_ | beh'toh + birch (-tree) | _betulo_ | beh-too'lo + blackberry | _rubuso_ | roo-boo'so + bouquet | _bukedo_ | bookeh'do + branch | _brancxo_ | brahn'cho + buttercup | _ranunkulo_ | rahnoon-koo'lo + cabbage | _brasiko_ | brahsee'ko + carrot | _karoto_ | kahroh'toh + cauliflower | _florbrasiko_ | flohr'brah-see'ko + celery | _celerio_ | tseh-lehree'oh + cherry | _cxerizo_ | chehree'zo + chestnut (edible) | _kasxtano_ | kashtah'no + chrysanthemum | _krizantemo_ | krizahn-teh'mo + cucumber | _kukumo_ | kookoo'mo + currants (dried) | _korintoj_ | kohreen'toy + daisy | _lekanteto_ | leh-kahn-teh'toh + dandelion | _leontodo_ | leh-ontoh'doh + elm (-tree) | _ulmo_ | ool'mo + evergreen | _cxiamverdulo_ | chee'ahm-vehrdoo'lo + fern | _filiko_ | feelee'ko + fibre | _fibro_ | fee'broh + fig | _figo_ | fee'go + fir (-tree) | _abio_ | ahbee'oh + flower | _floro_ | floh'roh + fruit-tree | _fruktarbo_ | frookt-ahr'bo + gooseberry | _groso_ | groh'so + grape | _vinbero_ | veenbeh'ro + holly | _ilekso_ | eelek'so + horse-chestnut | _hipo-kasxtano_ | hee'po-kahshtah'no + horse-radish | _kreno_ | kreh'no + ivy | _hedero_ | heh-deh'ro + kernel | _kerno_ | kehrr'no + laurel | _lauxro_ | lahw'ro + leaf | _folio_ | fohlee'oh + lemon | _citrono_ | tsee-troh'no + lettuce | _laktuko_ | lahk-too'ko + lily | _lilio_ | leelee'oh + lily-of-the-valley | _konvalo_ | kohn-vah'lo + lime (fruit); | _limedo; tilio_ | leemeh'do; teelee'oh + -tree | | + maize | _maizo_ | mah-ee'zo + maple | _acero_ | aht-seh'ro + melon | _melono_ | meh-loh'no + misletoe | _visko_ | vees'ko + mulberry | _moruso_ | moh-roo'so + nettle | _urtiko_ | oortee'ko + nut; walnut | _nukso; juglando_ | nook'so; yooglahn'do + oak (-tree) | _kverko_ | kvehrr'ko + onion | _bulbo_ | bool'bo + orange | _orangxo_ | ohrahn'jo + parsnip | _pastinako_ | pahstee-nah'ko + peach | _persiko_ | pehrr-see'ko + pear | _piro_ | pee'ro + peas | _pizoj_ | pee'zoy + pine-apple | _ananaso_ | ah-nahnah'so + plant | _kreskajxo_ | kreskah'zho + plum | _pruno_ | proo'no + potatoes | _terpomo_ | tehrr-poh'mo + primrose | _primolo_ | pree-mo'lo + privet | _ligustro_ | lee-goost'ro + pumpkin | _kukurbo_ | kookoorr'bo + radishes | _rafanoj_ | rahfah'noy + raisins | _sekvinberoj_ | sek-vinbeh'roy + raspberry | _frambo_ | frahm'bo + root | _radiko_ | rahdee'ko + rose | _rozo_ | roh'zo + skin, shell (of | _sxelo_ | sheh'lo + fruit) | | + sloe | _prunelo_ | prooneh'lo + spinach | _spinaco_ | speenaht'so + stalk, stem | _trunketo_ | troonkeh'toh + strawberry | _frago_ | frah'go + stump | _stumpo_ | stoom'po + tomato | _tomato_ | toh-mah'toh + tree | _arbo_ | ar'bo + trunk (tree-) | _trunko_ | troon'ko + tulip | _tulipo_ | toolee'po + turnip | _napo_ | nah'po + vegetable marrow | _medolkukurbo_ | mehdohl'kookoor'bo + vine | _vinberujo_ | vinbehr-oo'yoh + violet | _violo_ | vee-oh'lo + willow | _saliko_ | sahlee'ko + + +7. Colours. (_Koloroj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Black | _nigra_ | nee'gra + blue | _blua_ | bloo'ah + brown | _bruna_ | broo'na + crimson | _punca_ | poont'sah + dark | _malhela_ | mahl-heh'la + green | _verda_ | vehrr'da + grey | _griza_ | gree'za + light | _hela_ | heh'la + orange | _orangxa_ | ohrahn'ja + pink | _rozkolora_ | rohz-kohlo'ra + purple | _purpura_ | poorr-poo'ra + red | _rugxa_ | roo'ja + scarlet | _skarlata_ | skahr-lah'ta + violet | _violkolora_ | veeohl'kohlo'ra + white | _blanka_ | blahn'ka + yellow | _flava_ | flah'va + + +8. Times & Seasons. (_La Tempoj kaj la Sezonoj._) + +(For Conversations, see section 63.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Afternoon | _posttagmezo_ | post-tahg-meh'zo + Bank holidays | _bankaj libertagoj_ | bahn'kahy + | | lee-behrr-tah'goy + Good Friday | _Sankta Vendredo_ | sahnk'tah ven-dreh'doh + Easter Monday | _Paska lundo_ | pah'skah loon'doh + Whit-Monday | _Pentekosta lundo_ | penteh-ko'stah loon'doh + first Monday in | _la unua lundo en | lah oo-noo'ah loon'doh + August | Auxgusto_ | en ahw-goo'sto + Boxing-day | _la tago post | lah tah'go post + | Kristnasko_ | krist-nah'sko + beginning | _komencigxo_ | koh-ment-see'jo + birthday | _naskotago_ | nah'sko-tah'go + century | _centjaro_ | tsehnt-yah'ro + Christmas-day | _Kristnasko_ | krist-nah'sko + dawn, daybreak | _tagigxo_ | tah-ghee'jo + day | _tago_ | tah'go + days of the week | _tagoj de la semajno_ | tah'goy deh la + | | sehmahy'no + Sunday | _dimancxo_ | deemahn'cho + Monday | _lundo_ | loon'doh + Tuesday | _mardo_ | mahrr'doh + Wednesday | _merkredo_ | mehrr-kreh'doh + Thursday | _jxauxdo_ | zhahw'doh + Friday | _vendredo_ | vendreh'doh + Saturday | _sabato_ | sahbah'toh + Easter | _Pasko_ | pah'sko + end | _fino_ | fee'no + evening | _vespero_ | veh-speh'ro + fortnight | _du semajnoj_ | doo seh-mahy'noy + half | _duono_ | doo-oh'no + half-a-century | _duoncentjaro_ | doo-ohn'tsent-yah'ro + half-an-hour | _duonhoro_ | doo-ohn-ho'ro + holiday | _libertempo_ | libehr-tehm'po + hour | _horo_ | ho'ro + last month | _lastan monaton_ | lah'stahn monah'tohn + last night | _hieraux nokte_ | hee-eh'rahw nohk'teh + last Sunday | _lastan dimancxon_ | lah'stahn deemahn'chon + last week | _lastan semajnon_ | lah'stahn seh-mahy'nohn + | | + leap year | _superjaro_ | soo'pehrr-yah'ro + Lent | _la Fastsezono_ | la fahst'seh-zo'no + Michaelmas | _la tago de Sankta | lah tah'go deh + | Mihxaelo_ | sahnk'tah + | | mee_kh_ah-eh'lo + midnight | _noktomezo_ | nohk'toh-meh'zo + midsummer | _somermezo_ | so-mehr-meh'zo + minute | _minuto_ | mee-noo'toh + month | _monato_ | mo-nah'toh + months, the | _la monatoj_ | la mo-nah'toy + January | _Januaro_ | yah-noo-ah'ro + February | _Februaro_ | feh-broo-ah'ro + March | _Marto_ | mahrr'toh + April | _Aprilo_ | ah-pree'lo + May | _Majo_ | mah'yo + June | _Junio_ | yoo-nee'oh + July | _Julio_ | yoo-lee'oh + August | _Auxgusto_ | ahw-goost'oh + September | _Septembro_ | sep-tehm'bro + October | _Oktobro_ | ok-toh'bro + November | _Novembro_ | no-vehm'bro + December | _Decembro_ | deht-sehm'bro + morning | _mateno_ | mah-teh'no + next day | _la proksima(n) | la proksee'mah(n) + | tago(n)_[3] | tah'goh(n) + night | _nokto_ | nok'toh + noon | _tagmezo_ | tahg-meh'zo + quarter | _kvarono_ | kvah-ro'no + quarter of an hour | _kvaronhoro_ | kvah-rohn-ho'ro + season | _sezono_ | seh-zo'no + seasons | _la sezonoj_ | la seh-zo'noy + spring | _printempo_ | prin-tehm'po + summer | _somero_ | soh-mehr'o + autumn | _auxtuno_ | ahw-too'no + winter | _vintro_ | vin'tro + second | _sekundo_ | seh-koon'doh + sunrise | _sunlevigxo_ | soon'leh-vee'jo + sunset | _sunsubiro_ | soon'soobeer'o + time | _tempo_ | tehm'po + to-day | _hodiaux_ | hoh-dee'ahw + to-morrow | _morgaux_ | morr'gahw + to-night | _hodiaux nokte_ | hoh-dee'ahw nok'teh + twilight | _krepusko_ | krehpoos'ko + week | _semajno_ | seh-mahy'no + week-day | _labortago_ | lahbohr-tah'go + Whitsuntide | _Pentekosto_ | penteh-kohs'toh + year | _jaro_ | yah'ro + yesterday | _hieraux_ | hee-eh'rahw + yesterday morning | _hieraux matene_ | hee-eh'rahw mahteh'neh + + +9. Town, Country and Agriculture. (_La Urbo, la Kamparo, kaj la +Terkulturo_). + +(For Conversations, see section 52.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Bank | _deklivo_ | deh-klee'vo + bank (edge) | _bordo_ | bohrr'doh + barley | _hordeo_ | hohrdeh'o + barn | _grenejo_ | greh-neh'yo + bridge | _ponto_ | pohn'toh + brook | _rivereto_ | reevehr-eh'toh + building | _konstruajxo_ | kon-stroo-ah'zho + bush, shrub | _arbusto_ | ahrr-boo'sto + cattle | _brutoj_ | broo'toy + cemetery | _tombejo_ | tohm-beh'yo + clover | _trifolio_ | tree-fohl-ee'o + corn | _greno_ | greh'no + cottage | _dometo_ | doh-meh'toh + country, the | _la kamparo_ | lah kahm-pah'ro + courtyard | _korto_ | kohrr'toh + crop | _rikolto_ | ree-kohl'toh + dairy | _laktejo_ | lahk-teh'yo + ditch | _fosajxo_ | foh-sah'zho + drain | _drenilo_ | drehn-ee'lo + farm | _farmbieno_ | fahrm'bee-eh'no + farmer | _farmisto_ | fahrm-ist'o + fence | _palisaro_ | pahlee-sah'ro + field | _kampo_ | kahm'po + flock (of sheep) | _sxafaro_ | shahf-ah'ro + foot-path | _piedvojeto_ | pee-ehd'vo-yeh'toh + foot-pavement | _trotuaro_ | tro-tooahr'o + forest | _arbaro_ | ahr-bar'o + garden | _gxardeno_ | jahrr-deh'no + gate | _barpordo_ | bahr-pohr'doh + grass | _herbo_ | hehrr'bo + harvest | _grenrikolto_ | grehn'reekohl'toh + hay | _fojno_ | foy'no + hedge | _plektobarilo_ | plek'toh-bahree'lo + herd | _bovaro_ | bo-vah'ro + high road | _cxefvojo_ | chehf-vo'yoh + hotel | _hotelo_ | ho-teh'lo + hut | _kabano_ | kah-bah'noh + inn | _gastejo_ | gah-steh'yoh + labourer | _laboristo_ | lah-bo-reest'o + land, soil | _tero_ | tehr'o + library | _biblioteko_ | bib-lee-oh-teh'ko + log | _sxtipo_ | shtee'po + manure | _sterko_ | stehrr'ko + market | _vendejo_ | vendeh'yo + market-place | _vendeja placo_ | vendeh'ya plaht'so + meadow | _herbejo_ | hehr-beh'yo + mile | _mejlo_ | mehy'lo + mill | _muelilo_ | moo-ehlee'lo + monument | _monumento_ | mo-noomehn'toh + oats | _aveno_ | ah-veh'no + palace | _palaco_ | pah-laht'so + place, spot | _loko_ | lo'ko + pasture | _pasxtejo_ | pah-shteh'yo + plough | _plugilo_ | ploo-ghee'lo + police-station | _policejo_ | pohleet-seh'yo + prison | _malliberejo_ | mahl-lee-beh-reh'yo + public-house | _trinkejo_ | trin-keh'yoh + restaurant | _restoracio_ | restohraht-see'o + river | _rivero_ | ree-veh'ro + road | _vojo_ | vo'yoh + rye | _sekalo_ | seh-kah'lo + school | _lernejo_ | lehrr-neh'yo + seed | _semo_ | seh'mo + shepherd | _pasxtisto_ | pah-shteest'o + shop | _butiko_ | bootee'ko + square | _placo_ | plaht'so + stack | _stako_ | stah'ko + street | _strato_ | strah'toh + street-lamp | _stratlanterno_ | straht'lahn-tehrr'no + tower | _turo_ | toor'o + town | _urbo_ | oorr'bo + town-hall | _urbdomo_ | oorrb-doh'mo + tramway | _tramvojo_ | trahm-vo'yoh + tree | _arbo_ | ahrr'bo + university | _universitato_ | oonivehr-seetah'toh + village | _vilagxo_ | veelah'jo + waterfall | _akvofalo_ | ahk'vo-fah'lo + wheat | _tritiko_ | treetee'ko + + +10. Mankind: Relations. (_La Homaro: Parencoj_). + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Aunt | _onklino_ | ohn-klee'no + baby | _infaneto_ | infahn-eh'toh + boy | _knabo_ | knah'bo + bride | _edzinigato_ | ed-zeenee-gah'toh + bridegroom | _edzigato_ | edzee-gah'toh + brother | _frato_ | frah'toh + child | _infano_ | infahn'o + cousin | _kuzo_ m., _kuzino_ f. | koo'zo, koozee'no + daughter | _filino_ | feelee'no + daughter-in-law | _bofilino_ | bo-feelee'no + family | _familio_ | fahmee-lee'o + father | _patro_ | pah'tro + father-in-law | _bopatro_ | bo-pah'tro + gentleman, Mr. | _sinjoro_ | seenyohr'o + girl | _knabino_ | knah-bee'no + grand-daughter | _nepino_ | neh-pee'no + grandfather | _avo_ | ah'vo + grandmother | _avino_ | ah-vee'no + grandson | _nepo_ | neh'po + husband | _edzo_ | ehd'zo + lady, Mrs. | _sinjorino_ | seen-yohr-ee'no + man, a | _viro_ | vee'ro + man (human being) | _homo_ | ho'mo + marriage | _edzigxo_ | ed-zee'jo + mother | _patrino_ | pah-tree'no + mother-in-law | _bopatrino_ | bo-pah-tree'no + nephew | _nevo_ | neh'vo + niece | _nevino_ | neh-vee'no + parents | _gepatroj_ | gheh-pah'troy + people, the | _la popolo_ | lah po-po'lo + person | _persono_ | pehr-so'no + single man, | _frauxlo_ | frahw'lo + bachelor | | + single woman, | _frauxlino_ | frahw-lee'no + young lady, Miss | | + sister | _fratino_ | frah-tee'no + sister-in-law | _bofratino_ | bo-frahtee'no + son | _filo_ | fee'lo + step-son | _duonfilo_ | doo-ohn-fee'lo + uncle | _onklo_ | ohn'klo + widow | _vidvino_ | vid-vee'no + widower | _vidvo_ | veed'vo + wife | _edzino_ | ed-zee'no + woman | _virino_ | veeree'no + + +11. The Human Body. (_La Homa Korpo_). + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Abdomen | _ventro_ | vehn'tro + ankle | _maleolo_ | mah-leh-o'lo + arm | _brako_ | brah'ko + back | _dorso_ | dohrr'so + beard | _barbo_ | bahrr'bo + blood | _sango_ | sahn'go + body | _korpo_ | kohrr'po + bone | _osto_ | oh'sto + bowels | _intestoj_ | intess'toy + brain | _cerbo_ | tsehrr'bo + cheek | _vango_ | vahn'go + chest | _brusto_ | broo'sto + chin | _mentono_ | men-toh'no + complexion | _vizagxkoloro_ | veezahj'ko-lohr'o + ear | _orelo_ | o-reh'lo + elbow | _kubuto_ | kooboo'toh + eye | _okulo_ | o-koo'lo + eyebrow | _brovo_ | bro'vo + eyelid | _palpebro_ | pahlpeh'bro + face | _vizagxo_ | vee-zah'jo + finger | _fingro_ | feen'gro + foot | _piedo_ | pee-eh'doh + forehead | _frunto_ | froon'toh + hair, a; hair, -s | _haro; la haroj_ | ha'ro; la hah'roy + hand | _mano_ | mah'no + head | _kapo_ | kah'po + heart | _koro_ | ko'ro + heel | _kalkano_ | kahlkah'no + kidneys | _renoj_ | reh'noy + knee | _genuo_ | gheh-noo'oh + leg | _kruro_ | kroo'ro + limb | _membro_ | mehm'bro + lip | _lipo_ | lee'po + liver | _hepato_ | heh-pah'toh + lungs | _pulmoj_ | pool'moy + moustache | _lipharoj_ | leep-hah'roy + mouth | _busxo_ | boo'sho + nail | _ungo_ | oon'go + neck | _kolo_ | ko'lo + nose | _nazo_ | nah'zo + shoulder | _sxultro_ | shool'tro + side | _flanko_ | flahn'ko + skin | _hauxto_ | hahw'toh + spine | _spino_ | spee'no + stomach | _stomako_ | sto-mah'ko + temple | _tempio_ | tehmpee'oh + throat | _gorgxo_ | gohrr'jo + thumb | _dika fingro_ | dee'kah feen'gro + toe | _piedfingro_ | pee-ehd-feen'gro + tongue | _lango_ | lahn'go + tooth | _dento_ | dehn'toh + whiskers | _vangharoj_ | vahng-hah'roy + wrist | _karpeo_ | kahrr-peh'o + + +12. Physical & Mental Powers, Qualities, etc. (_Korpaj kaj Mensaj +Kapabloj, Ecoj, k.t.p._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Age | _agxo_ | ah'jo + --, old | _maljuneco_ | mahl-yoon-eht'so + anger | _kolero_ | ko-leh'ro + art | _arto_ | ahrr'toh + breadth, width | _largxeco_ | lahrr-jeht'so + character | _karaktero_ | kar-ahk-teh'ro + childhood | _infaneco_ | infahn-eht'so + depth | _profundeco_ | pro-foon-deht'so + dislike | _malameti_ | mah-lah-meh'tee + emotions | _emocioj_ | eh-moht-see'oy + fear | _timo_ | tee'mo + foolishness, folly | _malsagxeco_ | mahl-sah-jeht'so + gentleness | _mildeco_ | meel-deht'so + goodness | _boneco_ | bo-neht'so + greatness | _grandeco_ | grahn-deht'so + hatred | _malamo_ | mahl-ah'mo + height | _grandeco_ | grahn-deht'so + stature | _staturo_ | stah-too'ro + honesty; | _honesteco; mal-_ | honest-eht'so; mahl- + dishonesty | | + honour; dishonour | _honoro; mal-_ | ho-noh'ro; mahl- + intellect | _intelekto_ | intelehk'toh + intelligence | _inteligenteco_ | intehlee-ghen-teht'so + joy | _gxojo_ | joh'yo + judgment (faculty) | _jugxkapablo_ | yooj'kah-pah'blo + knowledge | _scio_ | stsee'oh + laughter; a laugh | _ridado; rido_ | ree-dah'doh; ree'doh + learning | _klereco_ | klehr-eht'so + length | _longeco_ | lohn-geht'so + love | _amo_ | ah'mo + manhood | _vireco_ | veer-eht'so + mind | _menso_ | mehn'so + patience | _pacienco_ | paht-see-ehnt'so + pleasure | _plezuro_ | pleh-zoor'o + politeness, | _gxentileco_ | jehn-tee-leht'so + courtesy | | + reason (faculty) | _prudento_ | proo-dehn'toh + science | _scienco_ | stsee-ehnt'so + senses, the | _la sentoj_ | lah sehn'toy + feeling, touch | _palpado_ | pahl-pah'doh + hearing | _auxdado_ | ahw-dah'doh + seeing, sight | _vidado_ | vee-dah'doh + smelling, smell | _flarado_ | flah-rah'do + tasting, taste | _gustumado_ | goostoom-ah'doh + shape | _formo_ | fohrr'mo + size | _amplekso_ | ahm-plek'so + smell (odour) | _odoro_ | oh-doh'ro + smiling; a smile | _ridetado; rideto_ | reedehtah'do; + | | reedeh'toh + sneezing; a sneeze | _ternado; terno_ | tehrr-nah'doh; tehrr'no + sorrow | _malgxojo_ | mahl-jo'yo + speaking, speech | _parolado_ | pah-ro-lah'doh + strength | _forteco_ | fohrr-teht'so + stupidity | _stulteco_ | stool-teht'so + surprise | _surprizo_ | soorr-pree'zo + taste (of a thing) | _gusto_ | goos'toh + thickness | _dikeco_ | dee-keht'so + thinking, thought | _pensado_ | pehn-sah'doh + thought, a | _penso_ | pehn'so + voice | _vocxo_ | vo'cho + weakness (quality) | _malforteco_ | mahl-fohrr-teht'so + wisdom | _sagxo_ | sah'jo + womanhood | _virineco_ | vee-ree-neht'so + youth (quality) | _juneco_ | yoo-neht'so + + +13. Health. (_La Sano._) + +(For Conversations see section 51.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Accident | _akcidento_ | ahkt-see-dehn'toh + ambulance | _ambulanco_ | ahm-boo-lahnt'so + bandage | _bandagxo_ | bahn-dah'jo + biliousness | _galmalsano_ | gahl-mahl-sah'no + blister | _veziketo_ | veh-zee-keh'toh + bruise | _kontuzo_ | kon-too'zo + burn | _brulvundo_ | brool-voon'doh + chemist's (shop) | _apoteko_ | ahpo-teh'ko + chilblain | _frostabsceso_ | frohst-ahbs-tseh'so + chill, cold | _malvarmumo_ | mahl-vahr-moo'mo + contagion | _kontagxio_ | kon-tahjee'o + corns | _kaloj_ | kah'loy + cough | _tuso_ | too'so + cramp | _krampfo_ | krahmp'fo + dentist | _dentisto_ | dehn-tis'toh + diarrhoea | _lakso_ | lahk'so + diet | _dieto_ | dee-eht'o + disease, illness | _malsano_ | mahl-sah'no + doctor | _kuracisto_ | koo-raht-sis'toh + dysentery | _disenterio_ | dis-ehn-teh-ree'o + exercise | _ekzercado_ | ek-zehrt-sah'do + exhaustion | _ellacigxo_ | ellaht-see'jo + to faint | _sveni_ | sveh'nee + fainting | _sveno_ | sveh'no + fever | _febro_ | feh'bro + fit | _atako (epilepsia)_ | ah-tah'ko + | | (eh-peelep-see'ah) + fracture | _ostrompo_ | ost-rohm'po + gout | _podagro_ | po-dah'gro + headache | _kapdoloro_ | kahp-dolohr'o + hospital | _hospitalo_ | hospit-ah'lo + ill, sick | _malsana_ | mahl-sah'nah + indigestion | _dispepsio_ | dis-pep-see'o + inflammation | _inflamo_ | inflah'mo + lame | _lama_ | lah'ma + medicine | _medicino_ | med-eet-see'no + nurse | _flegistino_ | fleh-ghis-tee'no + ointment | _ungvento_ | oong-vehn'toh + operation | _operacio_ | oh-peh-raht-see'o + pain | _doloro_ | doh-lohr'o + paralysis | _paralizo_ | pa-rah-lee'zo + physician | _medicinisto_ | mehdit-seen-eest'o + pill | _pilolo_ | pee-lo'lo + poison | _veneno_ | veh-neh'no + poultice | _kataplasmo_ | kah-tah-plahs'mo + prescription | _recepto_ | reht-sep'toh + rest | _ripozado_ | ree-po-zah'doh + scald | _brogo_ | broh'go + sea-sickness | _marmalsano_ | mahr-mahl-sah'no + sprain | _tordvundo_ | tohrd-voon'doh + sting | _pikvundo_ | peek-voon'doh + tonic | _stimulilo_ | stimoolee'lo + unwell, to be | _farti malbone_ | fahrr'tee mahlbo'neh + well, to be | _farti bone_ | fahrr'tee bo'neh + wound | _vundo_ | voon'doh + + +14. Food & Drink. (_Mangxajxoj kaj Trinkajxoj._) + +(For Conversations see sections 48-50.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Appetite | _apetito_ | ah-peh-tee'toh + beverages | _trinkajxoj_ | trin-kah'zhoy + beer | _biero_ | bee-ehr'o + chocolate | _cxokolado_ | cho-ko-lah'doh + cocoa | _kakao_ | kah-kah'o + coffee | _kafo_ | kah'fo + lemonade | _citronakvo_ | tsee-trohn-ahk'vo + milk | _lakto_ | lahk'toh + soda water | _sodakvo_ | sohd-ahk'vo + tea | _teo_ | teh'o + water | _akvo_ | ahk'vo + wine | _vino_ | vee'no + bill-of-fare | _mangxokarto_ | mahn'jo-kahr'toh + biscuits | _biskvitoj_ | bisk-vee'toy + bread | _pano_ | pah'no + brown bread | _bruna pano_ | broo'nah pah'no + new bread | _fresxa pano_ | freh'shah pah'no + stale bread | _malfresxa pano_ | mahl-freh'shah pah'no + rolls | _bulkoj_ | bool'koy + hot roll | _varma bulko_ | vahr'mah bool'ko + boiled | _bolkuirita_ | bohl'koo-eeree'tah + bottle | _botelo_ | boh-teh'lo + butter | _butero_ | boo-tehr'o + cake | _kuko_ | koo'ko + cheese | _fromagxo_ | fro-mah'jo + chicken | _kokidajxo_ | koh-keed-ah'zho + cinnamon | _cinamo_ | tsee-nah'mo + cooked; un- | _kuirita; ne-_ | koo-eeree'tah; neh- + cream | _kremo_ | kreh'mo + custard | _flano_ | flah'no + dessert | _deserto_ | deh-sehr'toh + eggs | _ovoj_ | oh'voy + fish, dried | _sekigita fisxo_ | seh-kee-ghee'tah + | | fee'sho + --, fresh | _fresxa fisxo_ | freh'shah fee'sho + flour | _faruno_ | fah-roo'no + fowl | _kokajxo_ | koh-kah'zho + fruits | _fruktoj_ | frook'toy + ginger | _zingibro_ | zin-ghee'bro + honey | _mielo_ | mee-eh'lo + hunger | _malsato_ | mahl-sah'toh + ice, an | _glaciajxo_ | glahtsee-ah'zho + jam, preserve | _konfitajxo_ | konfee-tah'zho + marmalade | _marmelado_ | mahr-meh-lah'do + meals | _mangxoj_ | mahn'joy + breakfast | _matenmangxo_ | maht-ehn-mahn'jo + dinner | _cxefmangxo_ | chehf-mahn'jo + luncheon | _luncxo_ | loon'cho + tea | _teomangxo_ | teh'o-mahn'jo + supper | _vespermangxo_ | vespehr-mahn'jo + meat | _viando_ | vee-ahn'doh + bacon | _lardo_ | lahr'doh + beef | _bovajxo_ | bo-vah'zho + beefsteak | _bifsteko_ | beef-steh'ko + fat | _graso_ | grah'so + ham | _sxinko_ | sheen'ko + kidneys | _renoj_ | reh'noy + lamb | _sxafidajxo_ | shah-feedah'zho + lean | _malgraso_ | mahl-grah'so + mutton | _sxafajxo_ | shah-fah'zho + mutton cutlet | _sxafkotletoj_ | shahf'kot-leh'toy + pork | _porkajxo_ | pohrr-kah'zho + sausage | _kolbaso_ | kohl-bah'so + veal | _bovidajxo_ | bo-veed-ah'zho + mustard | _mustardo_ | moos-tahr'doh + oil | _oleo_ | o-leh'o + omelet, an | _omeleto_ | oh-meh-leh'toh + pancake | _krespo_ | kreh'spo + pastry | _kukajxoj_ | koo-kah'zhoy + pepper | _pipro_ | pee'pro + pie | _pastecxo_ | pahs-teh'cho + poultry | _kortbirdajxo_ | kort-beerr-dah'zho + pudding | _pudingo_ | poo-deen'go + rice | _rizo_ | ree'zo + roast(ed) | _rostita_ | roh-stee'tah + salad | _salato_ | sah-laht'o + salt | _salo_ | sah'lo + sauce, gravy | _sauxco_ | sahwt'so + smoking | _fumado_ | foo-mah'doh + cigar | _cigaro_ | tsee-gahr'o + cigarette | _cigaredo_ | tsee-gahr-eh'doh + matches | _alumetoj_ | ahloo-meh'toy + pipe | _pipo_ | pee'po + tobacco | _tabako_ | tah-bah'ko + tobacco-pouch | _tabakujo_ | tah-bah-koo'yo + soup | _supo_ | soo'po + sugar | _sukero_ | soo-kehr'o + sweets | _dolcxajxoj_ | dohl-chah'zhoy + thirst | _soifo_ | so-eef'o + toothpick | _dentpurigilo_ | dent'pooree-ghee'lo + under-done | _ne elkuirita_ | neh elkoo-eeree'tah + vegetables | _legomoj_ | leh-go'moy + vinegar | _vinagro_ | vee-nah'gro + well-done | _elkuirita_ | el-koo-eeree'tah + + +15. Cooking & Table Utensils. (_Kuiraj kaj Mangxaj Iloj._) + +(For Conversations See sections 48-50.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Basin | _pelvo_ | pehl'vo + coffee-pot | _kafpoto_ | kahf-po'toh + corkscrew | _korktirilo_ | kork-teeree'lo + cruet-stand | _kondimentujo_ | kondimehntoo'yo + cup | _taso_ | tah'so + decanter | _karafo_ | kah-rah'fo + dish | _plado_ | plah'do + dish-cover | _pladkovrilo_ | plahd'ko-vree'lo + filter | _filtrilo_ | fil-tree'lo + fork | _forko_ | fohrr'ko + frying-pan | _pato_ | pah'toh + glass, tumbler | _glaso_ | glah'so + grill | _rostokrado_ | ro'sto-krah'doh + jug | _krucxo_ | kroo'cho + kettle | _bolilo_ | bo-lee'lo + knife | _trancxilo_ | trahn-chee'lo + lid | _kovrilo_ | ko-vree'lo + mat | _mato_ | mah'toh + nut-crackers | _nuksrompilo_ | nooks-rompee'lo + oven | _bakforno_ | bahk-fohr'no + plate | _telero_ | teleh'ro + salt-cellar | _salujo_ | sah-loo'yo + saucepan | _kaserolo_ | kah-sehr-oh'lo + saucer | _tastelero_ | tahss-teleh'ro + serviette | _busxtuko_ | boosh-too'ko + (soup-)ladle | _(sup)kulerego_ | (soop')koo-lehr-eh'go + spoon | _kulero_ | koo-leh'ro + stove | _forno_ | fohrr'no + strainer | _kribrokulero_ | kree'bro-koo-leh'ro + table-cloth | _tablotuko_ | tah'blo-too'ko + teapot | _te-poto_ | teh-po'toh + tea-spoon | _te-kulero_ | teh-kooleh'ro + tray | _pleto_ | pleh'toh + water-bottle | _akvokarafo_ | ahk'vo-karah'fo + wine-glass | _vinglaso_ | veen-glah'so + + +16. Dress & the Toilet. (_La Vestoj kaj la Tualeto._) + +(See also Washing List, following, and Conversations section 53-56.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Bath | _bano_ | bah'no + bodice | _korsajxo_ | kor-sah'zho + bonnet | _kufo_ | koo'fo + bootlaces | _lacxoj_ | lah'choy + boots | _botoj_ | bo'toy + bow | _banto_ | bahn'toh + bracelet | _braceleto_ | braht-seh-leht'o + braces | _sxelko_ | shehl'ko + breeches | _pantaloneto_ | pahn-tah-lo-neh'toh + brooch | _brocxo_ | bro'cho + brush | _broso_ | bro'so + brush, clothes- | _vestbroso_ | vest-bro'so + --, nail- | _ungobroso_ | oon'go-bro'so + --, tooth- | _dentbroso_ | dent-bro'so + buckle | _buko_ | boo'ko + button | _butono_ | boo-to'no + button-hook | _butontirilo_ | boo-tohn'tee-ree'lo + cap | _cxapeto_ | cha-peh'toh + cloak | _mantelo_ | mahn-teh'lo + clothing, dress | _vestajxo_ | vestah'zho + coat | _vesto_ | veh'sto + comb | _kombilo_ | kohm-bee'lo + corsets, stays | _korseto_ | kor-seh'toh + dress, gown | _robo_ | ro'bo + evening dress | _frako_ | frah'ko + eye-glasses | _nazumo_ | na-zoo'mo + frock-coat | _redingoto_ | red-ingo'toh + gaiters | _gamasxoj_ | gah-mah'shoy + garters | _sxtrumpligiloj_ | shtroom-plee-ghee'loy + gloves | _gantoj_ | gahn'toy + hairpin | _harpinglo_ | har-peen'glo + hat | _cxapelo_ | chahpeh'lo + hatpin | _cxapelpinglo_ | chapehl-peen'glo + jacket | _jako_ | yah'ko + jewellery | _juveloj_ | yoo-veh'loy + knot | _nodo_ | no'do + linen | _tolajxo_ | to-lah'zho + lining | _subsxtofo_ | soob-shtoh'fo + looking-glass, | _spegulo_ | speh-goo'lo + mirror | | + material (dress, | _sxtofo_ | shtoh'fo + etc.) | | + calico | _kalikoto_ | kahlee-ko'toh + cloth | _drapo_ | drah'po + cotton | _katuno_ | kahtoo'no + crape | _krepo_ | kreh'po + flannel | _flanelo_ | flahneh'lo + flannelette | _flaneleto_ | flahneh-leh'toh + fur | _pelto_ | pehl'toh + lace | _punto_ | poon'toh + leather | _ledo_ | leh'doh + linen | _tolo_ | toh'lo + muslin | _muslino_ | mooss-lee'no + print | _katuno_ | kahtoo'no + satin | _atlaso_ | ahtlah'so + silk | _silko_ | seel'ko + velvet | _veluro_ | vel-oor'o + velveteen | _felpo_ | fehl'po + wool | _lano_ | lah'no + morning-coat | _jxako_ | zhah'ko + muff | _mufo_ | moo'fo + needle | _kudrilo_ | koo-dree'lo + overcoat | _palto_ | pahl'toh + parasol | _sunombrelo_ | soon-ombreh'lo + petticoat | _subjupo_ | soob-yoo'po + pins | _pingloj_ | peen'gloy + pocket | _posxo_ | po'sho + pocket-book | _posxlibro_ | pohsh-lee'bro + purse | _monujo_ | mo-noo'yo + razor | _razilo_ | rahzee'lo + ribbon | _rubando_ | roo-bahn'doh + ring | _ringo_ | reen'go + scissors | _tondilo_ | tohndee'loh + sewing-cotton | _kotonfadeno_ | ko-tohn'fah-deh'no + sewing-silk | _silkfadeno_ | silk-fahdeh'no + shawl | _sxalo_ | shah'lo + shoe-horn | _sxukorno_ | shoo-kohr'no + shoes | _sxuoj_ | shoo'oy + skirt | _jupo_ | yoo'po + sleeve | _maniko_ | mah-nee'ko + slippers | _pantofloj_ | pahn-toh'floy + soap | _sapo_ | sah'po + spectacles | _okulvitroj_ | okool-vee'troy + sponge | _spongo_ | spohn'go + stud | _kolumbutono_ | koloom'boo-toh'no + suit (clothes) | _kompleto_ | kom-pleh'toh + tape | _rubandeto_ | roobahn-deh'toh + thimble | _fingringo_ | fin-green'go + thread | _fadeno_ | fah-deh'no + tie, neck-tie | _kravato_ | krah-vah'toh + tooth-powder | _dentpulvoro_ | dent-pool-vo'ro + trousers | _pantalono_ | pahn-tahlo'no + tunic | _tuniko_ | too-nee'ko + umbrella | _pluvombrelo_ | ploov-ombreh'lo + veil | _vualo_ | voo-ah'lo + waistcoat | _vesxto_ | vesh'toh + walking-stick | _irbastono_ | eer-bah-sto'no + watch | _posxhorlogxo_ | pohsh-horlo'jo + waterproof (coat) | _pluvmantelo_ | ploov-mahn-teh'lo + + +17. Washing List. (_Lavlisto._) + +(For Conversations see section 56.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Aprons | _antauxtukoj_ | ahn'tahw-too'koy + blankets | _lanaj litkovriloj_ | lah'nahy + | | leet'ko-vree'loy + blouses | _bluzoj_ | bloo'zoy + bodices | _korsajxoj_ | kohr-sah'zhoy + chemises | _cxemizoj virinaj_ | cheh-mee'zoy + | | vee-reen'ahy + collars, lace | _puntaj kolumoj_ | poon'tahy ko-loo'moy + collars, linen | _tolaj kolumoj_ | to'lahy ko-loo'moy + combinations | _kombinajxoj_ | kom-been-ah'zhoy + cuffs | _manumoj_ | mah-noo'moy + drawers, pairs of | _kalsonoj_ | kahl-so'noy + dresses | _roboj_ | ro'boy + dressing-gowns | _negligxroboj_ | neh-gleej-ro'boy + dusters | _visxtukoj_ | veesh-too'koy + handkerchiefs, | _naztukoj_ | nahz-too'koy + pocket | | + --, silk | _silkaj naztukoj_ | seel'kahy nahz-too'koy + napkins (child's) | _tuketoj_ | tookeh'toy + neckties | _kravatoj_ | krahvah'toy + night-shirts, | _noktocxemizoj_ | nok'toh-cheh-mee'zoy + -dresses | | + flannel petticoats | _flanelaj subjupoj_ | flaneh'lahy soobyoo'poy + pillow-cases | _kapkuseningoj_ | kahp'koo-seh-neen'goy + pinafores | _antauxtuketoj_ | ahn'tahw-too-keh'toy + pyjamas (suits) | _pigxamoj_ | pee-jah'moy + serviettes | _busxtukoj_ | boosh-too'koy + sheets | _littukoj_ | leet-too'koy + shirts | _cxemizoj viraj_ | cheh-mee'zoy veer'ahy + sleeves | _manikoj_ | mah-nee'koy + socks | _sxtrumpetoj_ | shtroom-peh'toy + stockings | _sxtrumpoj_ | shtroom'poy + silk stockings | _silkaj sxtrumpoj_ | seel'kahy shtroom'poy + table-cloths | _tablotukoj_ | tah'blo-too'koy + towels | _manvisxiloj_ | mahn-vee-shee'loy + under-vests | _kamizoloj_ | kah-mee-zo'loy + waistcoats | _vesxtoj_ | vesh'toy + --, flannel | _flanelaj vesxtoj_ | fla-neh'lahy vesh'toy + + +18. The House and Furniture. (_La Domo kaj la Meblaro._) + +(For Shopping see section 53.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Ante-room | _antauxcxambro_ | ahn'tahw-chahm'bro + armchair | _braksegxo_ | brahk-seh'jo + ashes | _cindro_ | tseen'dro + ash-pan | _cindrujo_ | tsin-droo'yo + attic | _mansardo_ | mahn-sahrr'doh + basket | _korbo_ | kohrr'bo + bathroom | _bancxambro_ | bahn-chahm'bro + bedstead, bed | _lito_ | lee'toh + bedroom | _dormocxambro_ | dohr'mo-chahm'bro + bell | _sonorilo_ | so-no-ree'lo + blind | _rulkurteno_ | rool-koor-teh'no + bolster | _transkuseno_ | trahns-koo-seh'no + bolt | _riglilo_ | reeglee'lo + book | _libro_ | lee'bro + book-case | _librosxranko_ | lee'bro-shrahn'ko + book-shelf | _librobreto_ | lee'bro-breh'toh + box | _skatolo_ | skah-toh'lo + bracket | _krampobreto_ | krahmpo-breh'toh + brick | _briko_ | bree'ko + broom | _balailo_ | ba-la-ee'lo + burner | _flamingo_ | flah-meen'go + candle | _kandelo_ | kahn-deh'lo + candlestick | _kandelingo_ | kahn-deh-leen'go + carpet | _tapisxo_ | tah-pee'sho + ceiling | _plafono_ | plah-fo'no + cellar | _kelo_ | keh'lo + chair, seat | _segxo_ | seh'jo + chamber-utensil | _necesujo_ | neht-seh-soo'yo + chandelier, lustre | _lustro_ | loo'stro + chest of drawers | _tirkestaro_ | teer'kest-ah'ro + clock | _horlogxo_ | hohrr-lo'jo + coals | _karbo_ | kahrr'bo + couch | _kanapo_ | kah-nah'po + counterpane | _litkovrilo_ | leet'ko-vree'lo + court-yard | _korto_ | kohr'toh + cradle | _lulilo_ | loo-lee'lo + cupboard | _sxranko_ | shrahn'ko + curtain | _kurteno_ | koor-teh'no + cushion | _kuseno_ | koo-seh'no + dining-room | _mangxocxambro_ | mahn'jo-chahm'bro + dinner-waggon | _telertablo_ | telehr-tah'blo + door | _pordo_ | pohrr'doh + door-handle | _anso_ | ahn'so + drawing-room | _akcepta salono_ | ahk-tsep'tah sah-lo'no + dresser | _telermeblo_ | telehr-meh'blo + feather-bed | _plumlito_ | ploom-lee'toh + fender | _fajrbarilo_ | fire-bah-ree'lo + fire | _fajro_ | fah'y-ro (fire-oh) + fire-place | _fajrejo_ | fahy-reh'yo + flame | _flamo_ | flah'mo + floor | _planko_ | plahn'ko + floor, story | _etagxo_ | ehtah'jo + footstool | _skabelo_ | skah-beh'lo + furniture, piece | _meblo_ | meh'blo + of | | + garden | _gxardeno_ | jahr-deh'no + gas | _gaso_ | gah'so + gas-bracket | _gas-brako_ | gahss-brah'ko + grate | _fajrujo_ | fahy-roo'yo + hall (entrance) | _vestiblo_ | vestee'blo + hand-basin | _lavujo_ | lah-voo'yo + (hearth-)rug | _(kamen)tapisxeto_ | (kah-mehn') + | | tah-pee-sheh'toh + house | _domo_ | doh'mo + key | _sxlosilo_ | shlo-see'lo + kitchen | _kuirejo_ | koo-ee-reh'yo + lamp | _lampo_ | lahm'po + landing | _etagx-placeto_ | ehtahj'plaht'seh'toh + larder | _mangxajxejo_ | mahn-jah-zheh'yo + latch | _levriglilo_ | lehv-reeglee'lo + library | _biblioteko_ | bib-lee-o-teh'ko + linoleum | _linolo_ | lee-no'lo + lock | _seruro_ | seh-roo'ro + mantel-piece | _kamenbreto_ | kah-mehn'breh'toh + mat | _mato_ | mah'toh + mattress | _matraco_ | maht-raht'so + oil-cloth | _vakstolo_ | vahks-toh'lo + ornament | _ornamo_ | ohr-nah'mo + passage | _trairejo_ | trah-eer-eh'yo + piano | _fortepiano_ | fohrr-teh-pee-ah'no + picture | _bildo_ | beel'doh + pillow | _kapkuseno_ | kahp'koo-seh'no + poker | _fajrincitilo_ | fire-int-sit-ee'lo + porch | _portiko_ | pohr-tee'ko + rack (for dishes, | _rauxfo_ | rahw'fo + &c.) | | + roof | _tegmento_ | teg-mehn'toh + room | _cxambro_ | chahm'bro + screen | _skreno_ | skreh'no + scullery | _vazlavejo_ | vahz'lah-veh'yo + shovel | _sxovelilo_ | sho-veh-lee'lo + sideboard | _bufedo_ | boo-feh'do + sink | _pladlavujo_ | plahd-lah-voo'yo + smoke | _fumo_ | foo'mo + sofa | _sofo_ | so'fo + soot | _fulgo_ | fool'go + spark | _fajrero_ | fahy-reh'ro + staircase | _sxtuparo_ | shtoo-pahr'o + stairs, steps | _la sxtupoj_ | lah shtoo'poy + suite (of rooms) | _apartamento_ | ahpahrr-tah-mehn'toh + table | _tablo_ | tah'blo + tapestry | _tapeto_ | tah-peh'toh + tile (of roof) | _tegolo_ | teh-go'lo + umbrella-stand | _ombrelujo_ | ohm-breh-loo'yo + vase | _vazo_ | vah'zo + wall | _muro_ | moo'ro + wall-paper | _murpapero_ | moor-pa-peh'roh + water-closet | _necesejo_ | neht-seh-seh'yo + (w.c.) | | + window | _fenestro_ | fen-eh'stro + writing-desk | _pupitro_ | poo-pee'tro + + +19. Travelling: By Road & Rail. (_La Vojagxado: per Vojo kaj Fervojo._) + +(For Conversations, see section 42.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Arrival | _alveno_ | ahl-veh'no + bill | _kalkulo_ | kahl-koo'lo + booking-office | _biletejo_ | beeleht-eh'yo + box (of carriage) | _konduksegxo_ | kondook-seh'jo + brake | _bremso_ | brehm'so + bridle | _brido_ | bree'doh + cabman, coachman | _veturigisto_ | vehtoo-ree-ghist'o + carriage | _kalesxo_ | kahleh'sho + change, to | _vagonsxangxi_ | vah-gohn-shahn'jee + cloak-room | _deponejo_ | deh-po-neh'yo + coach | _diligxenco_ | dee-lee-jehnt'so + coffee-room | _kafejo_ | kah-feh'yo + communication-cord | _dangxersxnuro_ | dahn-jehr-shnoor'o + compartment | _kupeo_ | koo-peh'o + conductor | _konduktoro_ | kon-dooktoh'ro + cushion | _kuseno_ | koo-seh'no + custom-house | _dogano_ | doh-gah'no + custom-house | _doganisto_ | doh-gah-nist'o + officer | | + departure | _ekveturo_ | ek-vehtoo'ro + electric, | _elektra_ | eh-lehk'tra + electrical | | + electricity | _elektro_ | eh-lehk'tro + embankment (rail.) | _taluso_ | tah-loo'so + engine | _lokomotivo_ | lo-komo-tee'vo + entrance | _enirejo_ | eneer-eh'yo + excursion | _ekskurso_ | eks-koorr'so + exit | _elirejo_ | ehleer-eh'yo + express (train) | _ekspreso_ | eks-preh'so + fare | _veturprezo_ | vehtoor-preh'zo + fast train | _rapidira vagonaro_ | rahpee-dee'rah + | | vahgo-nah'ro + foot-warmer | _piedvarmigilo_ | pee-ehd'vahrmee-ghee'lo + full | _plena_ | pleh'na + guide | _gvidisto_ | gvee-dist'o + guide-book | _gvidlibro_ | gveed'lee'bro + hansom-cab | _fiakro_ | fee-ah'kro + hat-box | _cxapelujo_ | chah-peh-loo'yo + hotel | _hotelo_ | ho-teh'lo + inside (of | _interno_ | in-tehr'no + vehicle) | | + interpreter | _interpretisto_ | intehr-preh-tist'o + journey | _vojagxo_ | vo-yah'jo + journey (train, | _veturo_ | vehtoo'ro + etc.) | | + junction | _vojkunigxo_ | voy'koonee'jo + key | _sxlosilo_ | shlo-see'lo + label | _etikedo_ | eh-tikeh'doh + landlady | _mastrino_ | mah-stree'no + landlord | _mastro_ | mah'stro + lavatory | _lavejo_ | lah-veh'yo + lodging | _logxejo_ | lo-jeh'yo + luggage | _pakajxoj_ | pah-kah'zhoy + motor | _motoro_ | mo-tohr'o + motor 'bus | _motorbuso_ | mo-tohr-boo'so + motor-car | _auxtomobilo_ | ahw-toh-mo-bee'lo + omnibus | _omnibuso_ | omnee-boo'so + outside (of | _imperialo_ | impeh-ree-ah'lo + vehicle) | | + package | _pakajxo_ | pah-kah'zho + payment | _pago_ | pah'go + platform | _fervoja perono_ | fehr-vo'yah peh-ro'no + porter | _portisto_ | pohr-tist'o + portmanteau | _valizo_ | vah-lee'zo + rack (for parcels, | _rauxfo_ | rah'w-fo + &c.) | | + railway | _fervojo_ | fehr-vo'jo + railway-carriage | _vagono_ | vah-go'no + railway-station | _fervoja stacio_ | fehr-vo'yah + | | staht-see'oh + receipt | _kvitanco_ | kvitahnt'so + reins | _kondukiloj, | kondoo-kee'loy, + | gvidrimenoj_ | gveed'ri-meh'noy + reserved | _rezervita_ | rehzehr-vee'ta + rug | _tegilo_ | teh-ghee'lo + saddle | _selo_ | seh'lo + seat | _loko_ | lo'ko + signal | _signalo_ | seeg-nah'lo + start, the | _la ekveturo_ | la ek-veh-too'ro + station-master | _staciestro_ | staht-see-est'ro + strap | _rimeno_ | ree-meh'no + terminus | _finstacio_ | feen-staht-see'oh + ticket | _bileto_ | beeleh'toh + time-table | _veturhoraro_ | vehtoor'horah'ro + tour | _rondvojagxo_ | rohnd-voyah'jo + tourist | _turist-o, -ino_ | toor-ist'o, -ee'no + track | _relvojo_ | rehl-vo'yo + train | _vagonaro_ | vah-go-nah'ro + tram-car | _tramveturilo_ | trahm'vehtoor-ee'lo + tramway | _tramvojo_ | trahm-vo'yo + travel, to (train, | _veturi_ | vehtoo'ree + &c.) | | + trunk | _kofro_ | ko'fro + tube (railway) | _tubfervojo_ | toob-fehr-vo'yo + tunnel | _tunelo_ | too-neh'lo + underground | _subtera_ | soob-teh'rah + valise, hand-bag | _valizeto_ | vah-leezeh'toh + waiter | _kelnero_ | kel-nehr'o + waiting-room | _atendejo_ | ahtehn-deh'yo + + +20. Travelling: by Ship. (_Marveturado._) + +(For Conversations see section 43.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Alongside, to come | _albordigxi_ | ahlbohrdee'jee + anchor | _ankro_ | ahn'kro + berth | _dormujo_ | dorr-moo'yo + boat | _boato_ | bo-ah'toh + boiler | _kaldrono_ | kahl-dro'no + bow | _antauxo_ | antah'wo + buoy | _buo_ | boo'oh + cabin | _kajuto_ | kah-yoo'toh + cable | _kablo_ | kah-blo + captain | _kapitano_ | kahpee-tah'no + compass | _kompaso_ | kom-pah'so + crane | _argano_ | ahrrgah'no + crew | _sxipanaro_ | sheepah-nah'ro + deck | _ferdeko_ | fehr-deh'ko + disembark | _elsxipigxi_ | el-shipee'jee + dock | _doko_ | do'ko + to embark | _ensxipigxi_ | en-shipee'jee + engineer | _masxinisto_ | mahshee-nist'o + fishing-boat | _fisxbarko_ | feesh-bahr'ko + flag | _flago_ | flah'go + gangway | _pasponteto_ | pahss'pon-teh'toh + harbour, port | _haveno_ | hahveh'no + helm, rudder | _direktilo_ | deerek-tee'lo + hold | _holdo_ | hohl'do + to land | _surterigxi_ | soortehr-ee'jee + landing-stage, | _ensxipigxejo_ | en-shipee-jeh'yo + pier | | + life-belt | _savzono_ | sahv-zo'no + life-boat | _savsxipo_ | sahv-shee'po + lighthouse | _lumturo_ | loom-toor'o + mast | _masto_ | mah'sto + oar | _remilo_ | reh-mee'lo + paddle-wheel | _padelrado_ | pah-dehl-rah'doh + passenger | _pasagxero_ | pah-sah-jehr'o + pilot | _piloto_ | pee-loh'toh + port-hole | _fenestreto_ | fehneh-streh'toh + quay | _kajo_ | kah'yo + rope | _sxnuro_ | shnoor'o + sail | _velo_ | veh'lo + sailing-ship | _velsxipo_ | vehl-shee'po + saloon, first | _unua klaso_ | oonoo'ah klah'so + class | | + screw-propeller | _pelsxrauxbo, helico_ | pehl-shrahw'bo, + | | heh-leet'so + seaman, sailor | _maristo_ | mahr-ist'o + ship | _sxipo_ | shee'po + start, to | _ekveturi_ | ek-vehtoor'ee + steam-boat, -ship | _vaporsxipo_ | vahpohr-shee'po + steerage, third | _tria klaso_ | tree'ah klah'so + class | | + steersman | _direktilisto_ | deerek-tee-list'o + stern | _posto_ | post'o + steward | _provizisto_ | pro-vee-zist'o + stewardess | _servistino_ | sehr-vis-tee'no + tug | _trensxipo_ | trehn-shee'po + voyage | _vojagxo_ | vo-yah'jo + + +21. Countries & Nations.[4] (_Landoj kaj Nacioj._) + + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Africa | _Afriko_ | ah-free'ko + America | _Ameriko_ | ah-mehree'ko + American | _Amerikano_ | ah-mehree-kah'no + Asia | _Azio_ | ah-zee'oh + Australia | _Auxstralio_ | ahw-strahlee'oh + Austria | _Auxstrio_ | ahw-stree'oh + Belgium | _Belgujo_ | belhgoo'yo + Canada | _Kanado_ | kahnah'doh + China | _Hxinujo_ | _kh_eenoo'yo + Chinese, the | _la Hxinoj_ | la _kh_ee'noy + Denmark | _Danujo_ | dahnoo'yo + Dutchman | _Holandano_ | holahn-dah'no + empire | _imperio_ | impeh-ree'oh + England | _Anglujo_ | ahn-gloo'yo + English, the | _la Angloj_ | la ahn'gloy + Englishman | _Anglo_ | ahn'glo + Europe | _Euxropo_ | ehw-ro'po + France | _Francujo_ | frahnt-soo'yo + French, the | _la Francoj_ | la frahnt'soy + Frenchman | _Franco_ | frahnt'so + German | _Germano_ | ghehrr-mah'no + Germany | _Germanujo_ | ghehrr-mahnoo'yo + Holland | _Holando_ | holahn'doh + India | _Indio_ | indee'oh + Ireland | _Irlando_ | eerrlahn'doh + Irish, the | _la Irlandanoj_ | la eerrlahn-dah'noy + Irishman | _Irlandano_ | eerlahn-dah'no + Italian | _Italo_ | eetah'lo + Italy | _Italujo_ | eetahloo'yo + Japan | _Japanujo_ | yah-pahnoo'yo + Japanese, the | _la Japanoj_ | la yahpah'noy + kingdom | _regno_ | rehg'no + Norway | _Norvegujo_ | norrveh-goo'yo + republic | _respubliko_ | rehspooblee'ko + Russia | _Rusujo_ | roosoo'yo + Scotland | _Skotujo_ | sko-too'yo + Scotch, the | _la Skotoj_ | la sko'toy + Scotchman | _Skoto_ | sko'to + Spain | _Hispanujo_ | hispah-noo'yo + United States, the | _la Unuigitaj Sxtatoj_ | la oonooee-ghee'tahy + | | shtah'toy + Sweden | _Svedujo_ | svehdoo'yo + Switzerland | _Svisujo_ | svisoo'yo + Turkey | _Turkujo_ | toorkoo'yo + Wales | _Kimrujo_ | kimroo'yo + Welsh, the | _la Kimroj_ | la kim'roy + + +22. Recreation and Amusement. (_La Ludado kaj Amuzado._) + +(For Conversations see section 57.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Ball (dance) | _balo_ | bah'lo + balloon | _balono_ | bahloh'no + balloonist | _aerostatisto_ | ah-ehro-stah-tist'o + circus | _cirko_ | tseerr'ko + concert | _koncerto_ | kont-sehr'toh + accompanist | _akompanist-o, -ino_ | ahkompah-nist'o, -ee'no + audience | _auxdantaro_ | ahwdahn-tah'ro + bass | _baso_ | bah'so + chorus (singers) | _hxoro_ | _kh_oh'ro + conductor | _orkestrestro_ | orkest-rest'ro + instruments | _instrumentoj_ | instroo-mehn'toy + --, brass | _latunaj instrumentoj_ | lah-too'nahy + | | instroo-mehn'toy + --, reed | _ancxinstrumentoj_ | ahnch'instroo-mehn'toy + --, string | _kordinstrumentoj_ | kohrrd'instroomehn'toy + music | _muziko_ | moo-zee'ko + organ | _orgeno_ | ohr-geh'no + pianist | _fortepianist-o, -ino_ | fohr'teh-pee-ahn- + | | ist'o, -een'o + piano | _fortepiano_ | fohr'teh-pee-ah'no + programme | _programo_ | pro-grah'mo + recital | _muzika seanco_ | moozee'kah seh-ahnt'so + recitation | _deklamo_ | deh-klah'mo + seats | _benkoj_ | behn'koy + --, (un)reserved | _(ne)rezervitaj lokoj_ | (neh)rehzehr-vee'tahy + | | lo'koy + singer | _kantant-o, -ino_ | kahntahnt'-o, -een'o + --, | _kantist-o, -ino_ | kahntist'-o, -een'o + (professional) | | + solo; duet | _solo; duo_ | solo; doo'oh + song | _kanto_ | kahn'toh + soprano | _soprano_ | so-prah'no + tenor | _tenoro_ | teh-nohr'o + ticket | _bileto_ | beeleh'toh + violin | _violono_ | vee-ohlo'no + exhibition | _ekspozicio_ | eks-pozit-see'oh + fete | _festo_ | feh'sto + flower-show | _flor-ekspozicio_ | flohr'eks-pozit-see'o + flying machine | _aerveturilo_ | ah-ehr'veh-tooree'lo + limelight-views | _lumprojekcioj_ | loom'pro-yekt-see'oy + museum | _muzeo_ | moo-zeh'o + picture-gallery | _bildogalerio_ | bil'doh-galeh-ree'o + refreshment-room | _bufedo_ | boo-feh'doh + sports and games | _sportoj kaj ludoj_ | spor'toy kahy loo'doy + bathing; to | _banado; bani_ | ba-nah'doh; bah'nee + bathe | | + billiards | _bilardo_ | bilahr'doh + boating, to go | _promeni boate_ | pro-meh'nee bo-ah'teh + box, to | _boksi_ | bok'see + boxing-match | _vetbokso_ | veht-bok'so + chess | _sxako_ | shah'ko + cricket | _kriketo_ | krikeh'toh + draughts | _damoj_ | dah'moy + fishing | _fisxkaptado_ | fish'kahptah'doh + to fish | _fisx-kapti_ | fish-kahp'tee + to go fishing | _iri fisxkapti_ | ee'ree fish-kahp'tee + fishing-line | _hokfadeno_ | hohk'fahdeh'no + fishing-net | _fisxreto_ | fish-reh'toh + fishing-rod | _fisxkaptilo_ | fish-kahp-tee'lo + hunting; to hunt | _cxasado; cxasi_ | chahsah'doh; chah'see + fox-hunt | _vulpcxaso_ | voolp-chah'so + huntsman | _cxasisto_ | chahsist'o + match | _vetludo_ | veht-loo'doh + playing; to play | _ludado; ludi_ | loo-dah'doh; loo'dee + races | _cxevalkuroj_ | chehvahl-koo'roy + grand-stand | _cxeftribuno_ | chehf-triboo'no + jockey | _jxokeo_ | zho-keh'o + race-course | _vetkurejo_ | veht-koo-reh'yo + rowing; to row | _remado; remi_ | reh-mah'doh; reh'mee + shooting | _pafcxasado_ | pahf-chah-sah'doh + ammunition | _municio_ | moonit-see'o + bullet, ball | _kuglo_ | koo'glo + cartridge | _kartocxo_ | kahr-toh'cho + game-bag | _cxasosako_ | chah'so-sah'ko + gun | _pafilo_ | pah-fee'lo + shot | _pafajxo_ | pah-fah'zho + to shoot | _pafi_ | pah'fee + skating; to | _glitumado; glitumi_ | glitoomah'doh; + skate | | glitoo'mee + spectator | _spektatoro_ | spek-tah-tohr'o + swimming; to | _nagxado; nagxi_ | najah'do; nah'jee + swim | | + tennis | _teniso_ | tehnee'so + to wrestle | _lukti_ | look'tee + tent | _tendo_ | tehn'doh + theatre | _teatro_ | teh-ah'tro + act | _akto_ | ahk'toh + --, to | _ludi rolon_ | loo'dee ro'lohn + actor, actress | _aktoro, aktorino_ | ahktohr'o, ahktoree'no + auditorium | _auxditorio_ | ahw-ditohr-ee'o + ballet | _baleto_ | baleh'toh + boxes | _logxioj_ | lo-jee'oy + box-office | _lokoficejo_ | loh'ko-fit-seh'yo + cloak-room | _deponejo_ | dehponeh'yo + comedian | _komediisto_ | komeh-dee-ist'o + curtain | _kurteno_ | koor-teh'no + dance | _danco_ | dahnt'so + dancer | _dancist-o, -ino_ | dahntsist'-o, -een'o + exit | _elirejo_ | ehlee-reh'yo + footlights | _planklampoj_ | plahnk-lahm'poy + gallery | _galerio_ | galeh-ree'o + manager | _direktoro_ | deerektoh'ro + music-hall | _muzikhalo_ | moozeek-ha'lo + opera | _opero_ | opeh'ro + opera-glasses | _lorno_ | lohrr'no + opera-house | _operejo_ | opeh-reh'yo + orchestra, band | _orkestro_ | orkest'ro + pit | _partero_ | pahr-tehr'o + play | _teatrajxo_ | teh-atrah'zho + scene | _sceno_ | stseh'no + scenery (theat.) | _scenpentrajxo_ | stsehn-pentrah'zho + stage | _scenejo_ | stseh-neh'yo + stage-manager | _regxisoro_ | reh-jee-sohr'o + stalls | _foteloj (orkestraj)_ | fo-teh'loy + | | (orkest'rahy) + +23. Cycling. (_Ciklismo._) + +(See also Motoring, following, and Conversations sections 58-59.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Accessories | _akcesorajxoj_ | ahk-tseh-sorah'zhoy + acetylene | _acetileno_ | aht-sehtee-leh'no + axle | _akso_ | ahk'so + back-pedal, to | _retropedali_ | reh'tro-pehdah'lee + ball bearings | _kuglokusenoj_ | koo'glo-koo-seh'noy + bell | _tintilo_ | tin-tee'lo + bicycle | _biciklo_ | bit-see'klo + bolt (screw-) | _bolto_ | bohl'toh + brake | _bremso_ | brehm'so + cement | _cemento_ | tseh-mehn'toh + chain | _cxeno_ | cheh'no + chainless | _sencxena_ | sen-cheh'nah + chain-regulator | _cxengxustigilo_ | chehn'joostig-ee'lo + chain-wheel | _granda dentrado_ | grahn'da dent-rah'doh + clutch | _konektumo_ | kohnek-too'mo + cone | _konuso_ | ko-noo'so + crank | _kranko_ | krahn'ko + crank-pin | _krankokejlo_ | krahn'ko-keh'y-lo + crooked | _malrekta_ | mahlrek'tah + cycle-shop | _biciklobutiko_ | bitsee'klo-boo-tee'ko + cycling race | _vetbiciklado_ | veht'bitsee-klah'doh + cycling track | _bicikla dromo_ | bitsee'klah dro'mo + cyclist | _(bi)ciklisto_ | (bee)tsee-klist'o + lady cyclist | _(bi)ciklistino_ | (bee)tsee-klist-ee'no + cyclometer | _ciklometro_ | tsee-klo-meh'tro + detachable | _deprenebla_ | deh-preneh'blah + dismount, to | _deseligxi_ | deh-seh-lee'jee + dress-guard | _robsxirmilo_ | rohb'sheer-mee'lo + duster | _visxilo_ | veeshee'lo + electro-plate, to | _nikeli_ | neekeh'lee + enamel, to | _emajli_ | emah'y-lee + foot-rests | _piedapogiloj_ | pee-ehd'apoh-ghee'loy + foot-step | _sxtupo_ | shtoo'po + fork | _forko_ | fohr-ko + frame | _kadro_ | kah'dro + free-wheel | _libera rado_ | leebeh'ra rah'doh + free-wheel, to | _liberiri_ | leebeh-ree'ree + friction | _frotado_ | fro-tah'doh + gear | _rapidumo_ | rahpee-doo'mo + high gear | _granda rapidumo_ | grahn'da rahpeedoo'mo + low gear | _malgranda rapidumo_ | mahl-grahn'da + | | rahpee-doo'mo + two-speed gear | _du-rapidumo_ | doo'rahpee-doo'mo + gear-case | _cxenujo_ | cheh-noo'yo + geared to | _kun rapidumo de..._ | koon rahpeedoo'mo deh + gearing | _dentajxo_ | dentah'zho + handle-bar | _gvidilo_ | gveedee'lo + handles, grips | _tenilo_ | teh-nee'lo + hub | _aksingo_ | ahk-seen'go + indiarubber | _kauxcxuko_ | kahw-choo'ko + indiarubber | _kauxcxuka solvajxo_ | kahw-choo'ka + solution | | sol-vah'zho + inner tube | _interna tubo_ | intehr'nah too'bo + lamp | _lanterno_ | lantehr'no + lamp-bracket | _lanternhoko_ | lahn-tehrn'ho'ko + lamp-wick | _mecxo_ | meh'cho + light up, to | _lumigi_ | loo-mee'ghee + link | _cxenero_ | cheh-neh'ro + lubricator | _olekapsulo_ | oleh'kapsoo'lo + lubricator | _kapsulkovrilo_ | kapsool'ko-vree'lo + protector | | + luggage-carrier | _pakportilo_ | pahk'pohr-tee'lo + map | _landkarto_ | lahnd-kar'toh + mount, to | _surseligxi_ | soor-sehl-ee'jee + mudguard | _kotkaptilo_ | koht-kaptee'lo + nut | _sxrauxbingo_ | shrahw-been'go + nut, safety- | _fiksa sxrauxbingo_ | feek'sa shrahw-been'go + oil for burning | _lumoleo_ | loom-oleh'o + --, lubricating | _sxmiroleo_ | shmeer-oleh'o + oil-can | _oleujeto_ | ohleh-oo-yeh'toh + outer cover | _volvajxo_ | vohl-vah'zho + pedal | _pedalo_ | peh-dah'lo + pedal-rubber | _pedalkauxcxuko_ | pedahl'kahw-choo'ko + pedal-brake | _pedala bremso_ | peh-dah'la brehm'so + pneumatic tyre | _pneuxmatika bendo_ | pnehw-matee'ka behn'doh + pump | _pumpilo_ | poom-pee'lo + pump up, to | _sxveligi_ | shveh-leeg'ee + pump-tube | _pumpiltubo_ | poom-peel-too'bo + to put together, | _munti_ | moon'tee + fit up to | | + rag | _cxifono_ | chifo'no + repair, to | _ripari_ | ripah'ree + repairing outfit | _riparilaro_ | ripah-ree-lah'ro + ride a bicycle, to | _bicikli_ | bit-see'klee + rim | _radrondo_ | rahd-rohn'doh + rim-brake | _radronda bremso_ | rahd-rohn'da brehm'so + rivet | _vinkto_ | vink'toh + saddle | _selo_ | seh'lo + saddle-bag | _selsaketo_ | sehl'sah-keh'toh + saddle-pillar | _selkolono_ | sehl-kolo'no + screw | _sxrauxbo_ | shrahw'-bo + screw, to | _sxrauxbi_ | shrahw'-bee + screw-bolt of | _cxenbolto_ | chehn-bohl'toh + chain | | + screwdriver | _sxrauxbturnilo_ | shrahwb-toor-nee'lo + spanner | _sxrauxbilo_ | shrahw-bee'lo + spokes | _radioj_ | rah-dee'oy + spring | _risorto_ | risohr'toh + start, to | _ekiri_ | ekeer'ee + steer, to | _gvidi_ | gvee'dee + strap | _rimeno_ | reemeh'no + take to pieces, to | _malmunti_ | mahl-moon'tee + tighten up, to | _strecxi_ | streh'chee + toe-clip | _piedingo_ | pee-ehd-een'go + tricycle | _triciklo_ | tritsee'klo + trousers-clip | _pantalonpincxilo_ | pantalohn'pin-chee'lo + unscrew, to | _malsxrauxbi_ | mahl-shrahw'-bee + valve | _valvo_ | vahl'vo + valve-cap | _valvkovrilo_ | vahlv'ko-vree'lo + valve-tubing | _valvtubajxo_ | vahlv'too-bah'zho + wheel, back | _posta rado_ | po'stah rah'doh + --, front | _antauxa rado_ | antah'wah rah'doh + + +24. Motoring. (_Auxtomobilismo._) + +(See also Cycling above, and Conversations section 58-59.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Accumulator | _akumulatoro_ | ahkoomoo-lahtohr'o + battery | _baterio_ | bahteh-ree'oh + brake-collar | _bremsorubando_ | brehm'so-roobahn'doh + break down (stop), | _panei_ | pahneh'ee + to | | + cam | _kamo_ | kah'mo + carburator | _karburatoro_ | karboo-rahtohr'o + chain adjustment | _cxengxustigilo_ | chehn-joosti-ghee'lo + charge, to | _sxargi_ | shahr'ghee + chassis | _cxasio_ | chah-see'oh + chauffeur, driver | _veturigisto_ | vehtoo-reeghist'oh + claw | _ungo_ | oon'go + contact-breaker | _kontakt-rompilo_ | kontahkt'-rompee'lo + (trembler) | | + driving pinion | _pelrado_ | pehl-rah'doh + elbow | _kubuto_ | kooboo'toh + electric motor | _elektra motoro_ | ehlek'tra motohr'o + evaporate, to | _vaporigxi_ | vahpohr-ee'jee + exhaust | _gasforfluo_ | gahss-fohrfloo'oh + exhaust-box | _silentigujo_ | seelehn-tigoo'yo + (silencer) | | + exhaust-valve | _forflua valvo_ | fohrfloo'ah vahl'vo + feed-pump | _nutro-pumpilo_ | noo'tro-poompee'lo + fill, to | _plenigi_ | plehnee'ghee + flaw | _difektajxo_ | difek-tah'zho + fly-wheel | _inertrado_ | in-ehrt-rah'doh + garage | _remizo_ | rehmee'zo + gas | _gaso_ | gah'so + generator | _generatoro_ | ghenehrahtohr'o + goggles | _okulvitroj_ | okool-vee'troy + gradient | _deklivo_ | dehklee'vo + handle | _tenilo_ | tehnee'lo + hooter | _blekilo_ | blehkee'lo + horse-power | _cxevalpovo_ | chehvahl-po'vo + ignition | _ignito, ignitigilo_ | ignee'toh, + | | igniteeghee'lo + leakage | _ellaso_ | el-lah'so + lever | _levilo_ | lehvee'lo + motor | _motoro_ | mohtohr'o + -- car | _auxtomobilo_ | ahwtomobee'lo + -- lamp | _lanterno_ | lahn-tehr'no + packing | _stupo_ | stoo'po + petrol | _petrolo_ | pehtro'lo + pressure, high | _altpremo_ | alt-preh'mo + --, low | _malaltpremo_ | mahlalt-preh'mo + rack (lifter) | _rako_ | rah'ko + reservoir, tank | _rizervujo_ | rizehr-voo'yo + reversing lever | _irmaligilo_ | eer'mahleeghee'lo + spare tyre | _krom-bendo_ | krohm-behn'doh + spark | _sparko_ | spahr'ko + sparking-plug | _sparkilo_ | spahrkee'lo + speed, full | _plena rapideco_ | pleh'na rahpideht'so + --, high | _granda rapideco_ | grahn'da rahpideht'so + --, low | _malgranda rapideco_ | mahlgrahn'da + | | rapideht'so + speed-changing | _rapidsxangxa | rahpeed-shahn'jah + gear | mekanismo_ | mekanis'mo + starting-gear | _ekiriga mekanismo_ | ekeeree'gah mekanees'mo + starting handle | _ekirigilo_ | eh-keereeghee'lo + steering bar | _gvidstango_ | gveed-stahn'go + tap | _krano_ | krah'no + throw into gear, | _konekti_ | konek'tee + to | | + throw out of gear, | _malkonekti_ | mahlkonek'tee + to | | + + +25. Photography. (_La Fotografarto._) + +(For Conversations see section 60.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Amateur | _amatoro_ | amah-tohr'o + background | _fono_ | fo'no + --, cloth | _tola fono_ | toh'la fo'no + backing paper | _fonpapero_ | fohn-papehr'o + bath, positive | _pozitiva bano_ | pozitee'va bah'no + --, silver | _argxentbano_ | arjehnt-bah'no + bulb | _bulbo_ | bool'bo + bulging | _konveksigo_ | konvek-see'go + burnisher | _polurilo_ | poloor-ee'lo + cameo | _kameo_ | kameh'o + camera | _fotografilo, kamero_ | foto-grafee'lo, + | | kameh'ro + -- bellows | _balgo_ | bahl'go + camera, hand | _mankamero_ | mahnkamehr'o + --, stand | _stativkamero_ | stateev'kamehr'o + cutting moulds | _trancxkalibrilo_ | trahnch'kalibree'lo + dark-room lamp | _rugxa lanterno_ | roo'jah lantehr'no + dark slide | _kaseto (duobla)_ | kahseh'toh (doo-oh'bla) + (double) | | + developing | _rivelado_ | reeveh-lah'do + dipper | _trempilo_ | trehm-pee'lo + dishes | _kuvetoj_ | koo-veh'toy + -- for developing | _rivelkuvetoj_ | rivehl'koo-veh'toy + -- for fixing | _fikskuvetoj_ | fiks-koo-veh'toy + -- for toning | _tonigbanoj_ | toh-neeg-bah'noy + draining rack | _sekigilo_ | sekighee'lo + dry plates | _sekaj platoj_ | seh'kahy plah'toy + enlargement | _pligrandigo_ | plee-grandee'go + exposure | _espozo_ | espo'zo + --, snap | _momenta espozo_ | momehn'ta espozo + --, time | _dauxra espozo_ | dahw'rah espo'zo + fade, to | _malnetigxi_ | mahl-netee'jee + flash lamp | _magnezia lumigilo_ | magneh-zee'ah + | | loomi-ghee'lo + films | _filmoj_ | feel'moy + fixing | _fiksado_ | fik-sah'doh + focus | _fokuso_ | fo-koo'so + focus, to | _enfokusigi_ | enfo-koo-see'ghee + focussing glasses | _lupeo_ | loopeh'o + funnel | _funelo_ | fooneh'lo + glass measure | _gradigita mezurilo_ | gradee-ghee'ta + | | mezoo-ree'lo + half-length | _duonlonga_ | doo-ohn-lohn'gah + half-tone | _duontono_ | doo-ohn-toh'no + intensifying | _densigo_ | den-see'go + iris diaphragm | _irisdiafragmo_ | eereess-dee-afrahg'mo + lens | _lenso_ | lehn'so + --, cap of | _lenskovrilo_ | lehnss-kovree'lo + mount, to | _munti_ | moon'tee + negative | _negativo_ | nehgah-tee'vo + over-exposed | _hiperespozita_ | heepehr-espo-zee'ta + photograph | _fotografajxo_ | foto-grafah'zho + photographer | _fotografisto_ | foto-grahfist'o + plate | _plato_ | plah'to + plate-holder | _platkaseto_ | plaht-kaseh'toh + plate-lifter | _platlevilo_ | plaht-leh-vee'lo + platinotypes | _platinotipoj_ | plah-teeno-tee'poy + printing | _impresi_ | impreh'see + printing frame | _premkaseto_ | prehm-kaseh'toh + printing-out paper | _senrivela papero_ | sen-reeveh'la papeh'ro + scales and weights | _pesilo kaj peziloj_ | pehsee'loh kahy + | | pehzee'loy + sensitised | _impresebla_ | impreh-seh'blah + shutter | _obturatoro_ | obtoo-rah-tor'o + snap-shot | _maldauxra kapto_ | mahldahw'rah kahp'toh + speed indicator | _dauxrindikilo_ | dahw'r-indikee'lo + spirit-level | _nivelilo_ | neeveh-lee'lo + spot, stain | _makulo_ | makoo'lo + squeegee | _senakvigilo_ | sen-ahkvee-gee'lo + stand | _stativo_ | statee'vo + transparent | _diafana_ | dee-afah'nah + tripods (twofold) | _tripiedo (faldebla)_ | tree-pee-eh'doh + | | (fahl-deh'bla) + under-exposed | _subespozita_ | soob'espo-zee'tah + varnishing | _lakizo_ | lah-kee'zoh + view-finder | _celilo_ | tseh-lee'lo + vignetting-board | _duonombrigilo_ | doo-ohn'ombrighee'lo + + +26. Religion. (_Religio._) + +(For Conversations, see section 61.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Absolution | _absolvo_ | absohl'vo + aisle | _flanknavo_ | flahnk-nah'vo + altar | _altaro_ | altah'ro + baptism | _bapto_ | bahp'toh + belfry | _sonorilejo_ | sonoh-reeleh'yo + Bible | _Biblio_ | biblee'oh + breviary | _breviero_ | brehvee-ehr'o + burial | _enterigo_ | entehree'go + cardinal | _kardinalo_ | kar-deenah'lo + cathedral | _katedralo_ | kateh-drah'lo + cemetery | _tombejo_ | tombeh'yo + chapel | _kapelo_ | kahpeh'lo + choir (place) | _hxorejo_ | _kh_oreh'yo + choir (singers) | _hxoro_ | _kh_oh'ro + Christian | _kristano_ | kris-tah'no + Christianity | _kristanismo_ | kristah-nees'mo + church | _pregxejo_ | preh-jeh'yo + Church (as a body) | _la Eklezio_ | la eklehzee'oh + clergyman | _ekleziulo_ | eklehzee-oo'lo + Communion | _komunio_ | komoonee'oh + confession | _konfeso_ | kon-feh'so + congregation | _adorantaro_ | adohrahn-tah'ro + convent | _monahxejo_ | mona_kh_eh'yo + Creator, the | _Kreinto_ | kreh-in'toh + cross | _kruco_ | kroot'so + crucifix | _krucifikso_ | kroot-sifik'so + fast-day | _fastotago_ | fah'sto-tah'go + festival | _festo_ | feh'sto + font | _baptujo_ | bahp-too'yo + funeral | _funebra ceremonio_ | fooneh'brah + | | tsereh-mo-nee'oh + God | _Dio_ | dee'oh + heaven | _cxielo_ | chee-eh'lo + hell | _infero_ | infehr'o + Holy Ghost | _la Sankta Spirito_ | la sahnk'ta speeree'toh + (Spirit) | | + hymn; -book | _himno; himnaro_ | him'no; him-nah'ro + lectern | _legpupitro_ | lehg-poopee'tro + litany | _litanio_ | litahnee'oh + liturgy | _liturgio_ | litoorghee'oh + Lord, the | _la Sinjoro_ | la sinyoh'ro + mass, high | _alta meso_ | ahl'tah meh'so + --, low | _malalta meso_ | mal-ahl'tah meh'so + matins | _matenpregxoj_ | mahtehn-preh'joy + missal | _meslibro_ | mehss-lee'bro + nave | _navo_ | nah'vo + offertory (R.C.) | _ofertorio_ | ohfehr-toree'oh + -- (collection) | _monkolekto_ | mohn-kolek'toh + papal | _papa_ | pah'pa + penance | _pentofaro_ | pehn'toh-fah'ro + pew | _benko_ | behn'ko + Pope | _Papo_ | pah'po + prayer | _pregxo_ | preh'jo + prayer-book | _pregxaro_ | prehjah'ro + priest, pastor | _pastro_ | pah'stro + Protestant | _Protestanto_ | proteh-stahn'toh + pulpit | _katedro_ | kateh'dro + Roman Catholic | _Romkatoliko_ | rohm'katohlee'ko + sacrament | _sakramento_ | sakrah-mehn'toh + salvation | _savo_ | sah'vo + Saviour, the | _la Savinto_ | la sahveen'toh + sermon | _prediko_ | prehdee'ko + service, divine | _diservo_ | dee-sehr'vo + service, evening | _vespera diservo_ | vespeh'ra dee-sehr'vo + --, morning | _matena diservo_ | mateh'na dee-sehr'vo + sitting, seat | _sidloko_ | seed-lo'ko + synagogue | _sinagogo_ | sinahgo'go + tabernacle | _tabernaklo_ | tabehr-nah'klo + transept | _transepto_ | trahnsehp'toh + truth | _vero_ | vehr'o + verger | _pedelo_ | pehdeh'lo + vespers | _vesperpregxoj_ | vespehr-preh'joy + vestry, sacristy | _sakristio_ | sakris-tee'oh + worship | _adorado_ | adoh-rah'do + worship, to | _adori_ | adoh'ree + + +27. Professions and Trades. (_Profesioj kaj Metioj_) + +(For Shopping, etc., see sections 53-56.) + +NOTE.--The names of workers in the various trades and professions are +formed by adding the suffix *-ist* to the root-word. Thus: _vendi_, to +sell--_vendisto_, a salesman; _lampo_, a lamp--_lampvendisto_, a +lamp-seller, _lampfaristo_, a lamp manufacturer; _maro_, sea--_maristo_, +a sailor; _akrigi_, to sharpen--_akrigisto_, a grinder, etc. + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Architect | _arhxitekto_ | ar_kh_itek'toh + artist | _artisto_ | artist'o + baker | _bakisto_ | bah-kist'o + banker | _bankiero_ | bahnkee-ehr'o + barber | _barbiro_ | barbeer'o + bookseller | _librovendisto_ | lee'bro-vendisto + butcher | _bucxisto_ | boo-chist'o + carpenter, joiner | _cxarpentisto_ | charr-pehntist'o + chambermaid | _cxambristino_ | chahmbristee'no + chemist | _farmaciisto_ | fahrmaht-see-ist'o + clerk | _skribisto_ | skreebist'o + compositor | _kompostisto_ | kom-postist'o + confectioner | _konfitisto_ | konfeetist'o + consul | _konsulo_ | kon-soo'lo + cook | _kuirist-o, -ino_ | koo-eerist'-o, -ee'no + editor | _redaktoro_ | redahk-tohr'o + engineer | _ingxeniero_ | injehnee-ehr'o + fisherman | _fisxkaptisto_ | fish'kaptist'o + fishmonger | _fisxvendisto_ | fish'vendist'o + florist | _floristo_ | flo-rist'o + fruiterer | _fruktovendisto_ | frook'toh-vendist'o + glazier | _vitristo_ | veetrist'o + goldsmith | _orajxisto_ | ohrah-zhist'o + governess | _guvernistino_ | goovehr-nistee'no + greengrocer | _legomvendisto_ | legohm'vendist'o + grocer | _spicisto_ | speet-sist'o + hairdresser | _frizisto_ | free-zist'o + hatter | _cxapelisto_ | chapeh-list'o + hosier | _sxtrumpajxisto_ | shtroompah-zhist'o + ironmonger | _ferajxvendisto_ | fehrahzh'vendist'o + jeweller | _juvelisto_ | yoo-veh-list'o + journalist | _jxurnalisto_ | zhoor-nalist'o + labourer | _penlaboristo_ | pehn'labohrist'o + lawyer | _advokato_ | ahdvokah'toh + maid-servant | _servistino_ | sehr-vistee'no + man-servant | _servisto_ | sehr-vist'o + mason | _masonisto_ | mahsonist'o + mechanic | _masxinisto_ | mahsheenist'o + merchant | _negocisto_ | negoht-sist'o + miller | _muelisto_ | moo-ehlist'o + mother's-help | _helpistino_ | helpistee'no + nurse | _flegistino_ | fleh-ghistee'no + nursemaid | _vartistino_ | vahrtistee'no + optician | _optikisto_ | opteekist'o + plumber | _plumbisto_ | ploombist'o + policeman | _policano_[5] | polit-sah'no + printer | _presisto_ | preh-sist'o + saddler | _selisto_ | sehlist'o + shoemaker | _sxuisto_ | shoo-ist'o + shopkeeper | _butikisto_ | bootikist'o + smith | _forgxisto_ | fohrjist'o + stationer | _paperajxisto_ | pa-perah-zhist'o + student | _studento_ | stoodehn'toh + tailor | _tajloro_ | tahy-loh'ro + teacher | _instruisto_ | instroo-ist'o + tobacconist | _tabakvendisto_ | tabahk'vendist'o + tradesman | _komercisto_ | komehrt-sist'o + tutor | _guvernisto_ | goovehrnist'o + waiter, waitress | _kelnero, kelnerino_ | kelneh'ro, + | | kel-nehr-ee'no + workman | _laboristo_ | labohrist'o + + +28. Legal Terms. (_Legxaj Terminoj._) + +(For Conversations see section 66.) + + English | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Accused, the | _la akuzato_ | la ahkoozah'toh + acquittal | _malakuzo_ | mahlahkoo'zo + to advance (money) | _pruntedoni_ | proon'teh-doh-nee + agreement, an | _kontrakto_ | kontrahk'toh + alibi, an | _alibio_ | ahleebee'oh + allege, to | _alegi_ | ahleh'ghee + apology, an | _pardonpeto_ | pahrdohn-peh'toh + appeal; to -- | _apelo; apeli_ | ahpeh'lo; ahpeh'lee + arrangement, | _interkonsento_ | in'tehr-konsehn'toh + agreement | | + arrears | _restantaj sxuldoj_ | rehstahn'tahy shool'doy + arrest, to | _aresti_ | ahreh'stee + attest, to | _atesti_ | ahteh'stee + attorney | _prokuratoro_ | prokoorah-toh'ro + authorise, to | _rajtigi_ | rahy-tee'ghee + award, an | _aljugxo_ | ahl-yoo'jo + award, to | _aljugxi_ | ahl-yoo'jee + bail | _kauxcio_ | kahwtsee'oh + bailiff | _jugxplenumisto_ | yooj'plehnoomist'oh + bond (for loan) | _pruntkontrakto_ | proont'kontrahk'toh + case (suit) | _proceso_ | prohtseh'so + charge, to | _akuzi_ | ahkoo'zee + client | _kliento_ | klee-ehn'toh + complainant, the | _la plendanto_ | la plendahn'toh + contract | _kontrakto_ | kontrahk'toh + conviction, a | _kondamno_ | kondahm'noh + costs | _proceskosto_ | prohtsehs-kost'oh + court of justice | _tribunalo_ | treeboonah'lo + criminal, a | _krimulo_ | krim-oo'lo + damages | _monkompenso_ | mohn'kompehn'so + decision (of case) | _decido_ | dehtsee'doh + deed | _akto_ | ahk'toh + defend, to | _defendi_ | dehfehn'dee + defendant (in a | _la akuzato_ | la ahkoozah'toh + suit) | | + document | _dokumento_ | dokoomehn'toh + evidence | _evidenco_ | ehvidehnt'so + execution (of | _subskribigo_ | soobskreebee'go + deed) | | + -- (of a judgment) | _plenumo_ | plehnoo'mo + executor | _administranto_ | ahdministrahn'to + fee (of office) | _honorario_ | honoh-rahree'oh + fine (penalty) | _monpuno_ | mohn-poo'no + information, to | _denunci_ | dehnoont'see + give | | + informer | _denunc-anto, -into_[6] | dehnoonts-ahn'toh, + | | -in'toh + injunction | _injunkcio_ | inyoonk-tsee'oh + inventory | _inventario_ | invehn-tahree'oh + jail | _malliberejo_ | mahllibehr-ehyo + judge, the | _jugxisto_ | yoojist'oh + jurisdiction | _jugxorajto_ | yoo'jo-rah'y-toh + jurisprudence | _juro_ | yoo'ro + law-suit | _proceso_ | proht-seh'so + non-suit, to | _malakcepti_ | mahl-ahktsehp'tee + oath, to take an | _fari jxuron_ | fah'ree zhoor'ohn + parchment | _pergameno_ | pehrgah-meh'no + pardon | _pardono_ | pahrdoh'no + penal | _punebla_ | pooneh'blah + perjury | _falsa jxuro_ | fahl'sah zhoor'oh + petitioner | _petfarinto_ | peht'fahrin'toh + police-office | _policoficejo_ | pohleet'so-feetseh'yo + -- officer | _policano_ | pohleet-sah'no + -- station | _policejo_ | pohleet-seh'yo + proof | _pruvo_ | proo'voh + prosecute to | _persekuti_ | pehrsehkoo'tee + prosecution (of | _persekuto_ | pehrsehkoo'toh + suit) | | + prosecutor | _persekut-anto, | pehrsehkoot-ahn'toh, + | -isto_[7] | -ist'oh + punishment | _puno_ | poo'no + quash | _kasacii_ | kahsaht-see'ee + robbery | _rabo_ | rah'bo + seal, a | _sigelo_ | seegeh'lo + sentence, a | _sentenco_ | sehntehnt'so + sheriff | _skabeno_ | skahbeh'no + statement | _deklaro (skribita)_ | dehklah'ro + (written) | | (skreebee'tah) + sue, to | _persekuti_ | pehrsehkoo'tee + suit | _proceso_ | prohtseh'so + summons (of court) | _asigno_ | ahseeg'no + testator | _testamentinto_ | tehstah-mehntin'toh + theft | _sxtelo_ | shteh'lo + thief | _sxtel-isto, -into_ | shtehl-ist'oh, -in'toh + trial | _proceso_ | prohtseh'so + verdict | _verdikto_ | vehrdeek'toh + witness | _atestanto_ | ahteh-stahn'toh + writ | _asignordono_ | ahseeg'nordoh'no + + +29. Commercial Terms. (_Komercaj Terminoj._) + +(For Conversations see section 67.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Account | _konto_ | kon'toh + --, current | _kuranta konto_ | koorahn'ta kon'toh + --, joint | _komuna konto_ | komoo'na kon'toh + --, to close an | _fermi konton_ | fehr'mee kon'tohn + --, to settle an | _pagi konton_ | pah'gee kon'tohn + acknowledgment | _ricevavizo_ | ritseh'vahvee'zo + agency | _agentejo_ | ahghen-teh'yo + agent | _agento_ | ahghehn'toh + apprentice | _metilernanto_ | mehtee'lehr-nahn'toh + arrear, in | _malfrue_ | mahlfroo'eh + assets | _aktivo_ | ahktee'voh + balance of account | _saldo de konto_ | sahl'doh deh kon'toh + balance-sheet | _bilanco_ | bilahnt'so + bank | _banko_ | bahn'ko + bankrupt; a -- | _bankrotin-ta; -to_ | bahn-krotin'-tah; -toh + bankruptcy, | _bankroto_ | bahn-kro'toh + failure | | + bearer | _portanto_ | portahn'toh + bill (account) | _kalkulo_ | kahlkoo'lo + bill (comml. | _bilo_ | bee'lo + document) | | + -- at sight | _kambio je vido_ | kahmbee'oh yeh vee'doh + -- at 3 months' | _kambio je tri monatoj_ | kahmbee'oh yeh tree + date | | monah'toy + -- of exchange | _kambio_ | kahm-bee'oh + -- of lading | _sxargxatesto_ | shahr-jah-teh'stoh + bond, a | _obligacio_ | obligaht-see'o + bond, in | _kusxanta en | kooshahn'ta en + | dogantenejo_ | dogahn'teneh'yo + bonded goods | _komercajxoj en dogano | komehrt-sah'zhoy ehn + | deponitaj_ | dogah'no + | | depohnee'tahy + book-keeper | _librotenisto_ | lee'bro-tenis'toh + branch- | _filio_ | filee'oh + establishment | | + broker | _makleristo_ | mah-klehrist'o + brokerage | _kurtagxo_ | koortah'jo + business | _la aferoj_ | la ahfeh'roy + buyer | _acxetisto_ | ahchehtist'o + cargo | _sxargxo_ | shahr'jo + carriage | _transportprezo_ | trahnsport-preh'zo + carriage-paid | _kun transporto pagita_ | koon trahns-pohr'toh + | | pah-ghee'tah + cashier | _kasisto_ | kahsist'o + charter a ship, to | _lui sxipon_ | loo'ee shee'pohn + charter-party | _cxarto_ | chahr'toh + catalogue | _katalogo_ | kah-tahlo'go + cheque | _cxeko_ | cheh'ko + claim | _pretendo_ | prehtehn'doh + clerk | _oficisto_ | ofeet-sist'o + company | _kompanio_ | kompah-nee'oh + --, joint-stock | _akcia kompanio_ | ahk-tsee'ah + | | kompah-nee'oh + --, limited | _limigita kompanio_ | limighee'tah " + compensation | _kompenso_ | kompehn'so + complaint | _plendo_ | plehn'doh + confiscate, to | _konfiski_ | konfis'kee + contract, a | _kontrakto_ | kontrahk'toh + cost, insurance | _kosto, asekuro kaj_ | kost'o, ahseh-koor'o + and | | + freight (c.i.f.) | _frajto_ | kahy frah'y-toh + cost price | _kostprezo_ | kost-preh'zo + credit | _kredito_ | krehdee'toh + creditor | _kreditoro_ | kreditohr'o + custom-house | _doganejo_ | doganeh'yo + customs, the | _la dogano_ | la dogah'no + -- clearing-house | _doganesplorejo_ | dogahn'esploreh'yo + customs duties | _doganimpostoj_ | dogahn'impos'toy + damage | _difekto_ | difekt'o + damages (law) | _kompensajxo_ | kompehn-sah'zho + debenture shares | _obligaciaj akcioj_ | obligaht-see'ahy + | | ahkt-see'oy + debit | _debeto_ | debeh'toh + debt | _sxuldo_ | shool'doh + debtor | _sxuldanto_ | shool-dahn'toh + deliver, to | _liveri_ | liveh'ree + delivered free | _liverita afrankite_ | livehree'tah + | | afrahnkee'teh + demurrage | _pago pro malfruigxo_ | pah'go pro + | | mahlfroo-ee'jo + department | _fako_ | fah'ko + director, manager | _direktoro_ | direktohr'o + discount; to -- | _diskonto; diskonti_ | diskon'toh; diskon'tee + dividend | _dividendo_ | dividehn'doh + dock and harbour | _dok- kaj | dohk- kahy + dues | haven-impostoj_ | havehn'-impos'toy + double entry, by | _per duobla enskribo_ | per doo-oh'bla + | | enskree'bo + draft | _trato_ | trah'toh + draw upon, to | _trati (iun)_ | trah'tee (ee'oon) + drawee | _tratato_ | tratah'toh + drawer | _tratanto_ | tratahn'toh + duty, export | _eksportimposto_ | eksport'impost'oh + --, import | _importimposto_ | import'impost'oh + duty-free | _senimposte_ | sen-impost'eh + enclosed | _entenata_ | entehnah'ta + enclosure, an | _enmetajxo_ | enmeh-tah'zho + endorse, to | _gxiri_ | jee'ree + endorsee | _gxirato_ | jeerah'toh + endorsement | _gxiro_ | jeer'o + endorser | _gxiranto_ | jeerahn'toh + exchange, an | _intersxangxo_ | intehr-shahn'jo + -- (place) | _borso_ | bohr'so + -- (difference) | _agxio_ | ahjee'oh + excise | _akcizo_ | ahk-tsee'zo + exports | _eksportoj_ | ekspor'toy + firm, a | _firmo_ | feer'mo + forwarding | _eksped-o, -ado_[8] | ekspeh'-doh, -dah'doh + free on board | _afranke sur sxipon_ | afrahn'keh soor + (f.o.b.) | | sheep'ohn + freightage | _frajta prezo_ | frahy'tah preh'zo + guarantee, a | _garantio_ | garahntee'o + imports | _importoj_ | impohr'toy + insolvent | _nesolventa_ | nehsolvehn'ta + insurance policy | _asekura poliso_ | ahsehkoor'ah polee'so + -- premium | _asekura premio_ | ahsehkoor'ah prehmee'oh + insure, to | _asekuri_ | ahsehkoo'ree + introduction | _prezento_ | prehzehn'toh + --, letter of | _prezenta letero_ | prehzehn'ta leteh'ro + invest, to (money) | _plasi_ | plah'see + letter of advice | _avizletero_ | ahveez'leteh'ro + liabilities | _pasivo, sxuldaro_ | pahsee'vo, shool-dah'ro + liable to duty | _impostebla_ | imposteh'blah + load, to | _sxargxi_ | shahr'jee + loss | _malprofito_ | mahl-profee'toh + manifest, a | _manifesto_ | mah-nifeh'sto + marine insurance | _marasekuro_ | mahr'ahseh-koo'ro + market | _komercejo_ | komehrt-seh'yo + foreign market | _eksterlanda vendado_ | ekstehrlahn'da + | | vendah'doh + home market | _enlanda vendado_ | enlahn'da vendah'doh + London market | _Londona vendado_ | londoh'na vendah'doh + market-day | _vendeja tago_ | vendeh'yah ta'go + market dues | _vendejaj impostoj_ | vendeh'yahy impos'toy + market price | _vendeja prezo_ | vendeh'yah preh'zo + not negotiable | _nenegocebla_ | neh-nehgoht-seh'blah + offer for sale, to | _elmeti al vendo_ | elmeh'tee al vehn'doh + office | _oficejo_ | ofitseh'yo + order, to (goods) | _mendi_ | mehn'dee + packing | _pakado_ | pahkah'doh + partner | _partisto_ | pahrtist'o + payable | _pagebla_ | pa-geh'blah + port of delivery | _livera haveno_ | livehr'ah haveh'no + preference shares | _preferencaj akcioj_ | prefehrent'sahy + | | ahk-tsee'oy + prepaid | _afrankita_ | afrahn-kee'ta + price | _prezo_ | preh'zo + price-list | _prezaro_ | prehzahr'o + quarantine | _kvaranteno_ | kvarahn-teh'no + quotation (of | _prezpropono_ | prehz'prohpo'no + price) | | + rate of interest | _procento_ | prohtsehn'toh + receipt | _kvitanco_ | kvitahnt'so + receiver | _likvidisto_ | likvee-dist'o + register, to | _registri_ | reh-ghees'tree + registered tonnage | _registra tonajxo_ | reh-ghees'tra tonah'zho + registration | _registr-o, -ado_ | reh-ghees'-tro, + | | -trah'doh + representative | _reprezentanto_ | reprehzen-tahn'toh + rent | _luprezo_ | loo-preh'zo + retail (_adj. & | _pomalgrand-a, -e_ | po-malgrahn'-da, -deh + adv._) | | + salesman, seller | _vendisto_ | vehndist'o + selling price | _vendoprezo_ | vehn'doh-preh'zo + settling days | _pagtagoj_ | pahg-tah'goy + shareholder | _akciulo_ | ahk-tsee-oo'lo + shares | _akcioj_ | ahk-tsee'oy + ship, to | _ensxipigi_ | enshipee'ghee + shippers | _ekspedistoj_ | ekspeh-dis'toy + shipping charges | _sxargxadaj elspezoj_ | shahrja'dahy elspeh'zoy + shop-assistant | _komizo_ | komee'zo + solvent | _solventa_ | solvehn'ta + stevedore | _stivisto_ | steevist'o + stow, to (cargo) | _stivi_ | stee'vee + telegraphic | _telegrafa adreso_ | telehgrah'fah ahdreh'so + address | | + towing charges | _trensxipaj pagoj_ | trehn-shee'pahy pahgoy + trade, commerce | _komerc-o, -ado_ | komehrt'-so, -sah'doh + transaction | _negoco_ | nehgoht'so + traveller, | _komerca vojagxisto_ | komehrt'sah + commercial | | vo-yah-jist'o + underwriter | _asekurinto_ | ahseh-koorin'toh + unloading | _malsxargx-o, -ado_ | mahlshahr'-jo, -jah'doh + visa, to | _vizi_ | vee'zee + warehouse | _magazeno_ | mah-gazeh'no + weight, gross | _kuntara pezo_ | koon-tah'ra peh'zo + --, net | _sentara pezo_ | sehn-tah'ra peh'zo + wharf | _uxarfo_ | wahr'fo + wharfage | _uxarfpago_ | wahrf-pah'go + wholesale | _pogrand-a, -e_ | po-grahn'-da, -deh + winding-up | _likvido_ | likvee'doh + + +30. Post, Telegraph and Telephone. (_La Posxto, la Telegrafo, kaj la +Telefono._) + +(For Conversations see section 64.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Collection | _kolekto_ | kolek'toh + contents | _enhavo_ | ehnhah'vo + counterfoil | _kontrauxfolio_ | kon'trahw-folee'oh + customs | _dogandeklaro_ | dogahn'dehklar'o + declaration | | + delivery | _livero_ | livehr'o + description | _priskribo_ | pree-skree'bo + despatch note | _depesxo_ | dehpeh'sho + excess postage | _afrankeksceso_ | afrahnk'eks-tseh'so + letter post | _letera posxto_ | leteh'ra posh'toh + letter-scales | _leterpesilo_ | letehr'pehsee'lo + mail, the | _la kuriero_ | la kooree-ehr'o + money order | _posxtmandato | posht-mandah'toh + (foreign) | eksterlanda_ | eks-terlahn'da + newspaper wrapper | _banderolo_ | bahn-dero'lo + parcel | _paketo_ | pahkeh'toh + -- post | _paketposxto_ | pahkeht-posh'toh + pillar-box | _leterkesto_ | letehr-kest'o + post, the | _la posxto_ | la pohsh-toh + postage paid | _afrankita_ | afrahnkee'tah + postal order | _posxtmandato enlanda_ | posht-mahndah'toh + | | en-lahn'da + post-card | _posxtkarto_ | pohsht-kahr'toh + post-office | _posxtoficejo_ | posht-ofeet-seh'yo + postman | _leterportisto_ | letehr'pohrtist'o + postmaster | _posxtestro_ | pohsh-tehs'tro + re-address, to | _readresi_ | reh-ahdreh'see + register, to | _registri_ | reh-ghees'tree + reply paid | _respondafrankita_ | respond'afrahn-kee'ta + stamps | _posxtmarkoj_ | posht-mahr'koy + telegram | _telegramo_ | teleh-grah'mo + telegraph, to | _telegrafi_ | teleh-grah'fee + -- form | _telegrama folio_ | teleh-grah'ma folee'oh + -- messenger | _telegramportisto_ | telehgrahm'pohrtist'o + -- office | _telegrafejo_ | teleh-grafeh'yo + telephone | _telefono_ | teleh-fo'no + -- call office | _telefonejo_ | teleh-foneh'yo + -- number | _telefona numero_ | teleh-fo'na noomehr'o + ring up, to | _telefoni_ | teleh-fo'nee + to be called for | _posxtrestante_ | posht-restahn'teh + value, insured | _asekurita valoro_ | ahsekooree'ta vahlohr'o + weigh, to | _pesi_ | peh'see + weight, a | _pezilo_ | pehzee'lo + -- (of anything) | _pezo_ | peh'zo + --, over | _tro peza_ | tro peh'zah + + +31. Correspondence. (_Korespondado._) + +(For Conversations see section 65.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Address | _adreso_ | ah-dreh'so + blotting-paper | _sorba papero_ | sohr'ba pa-pehr'o + date | _dato_ | da'toh + --, to | _dat-i, -umi_ | dah'-tee, -too'mee + envelope | _koverto_ | ko-vehr'toh + fasten, close, to | _fermi_ | fehr'mee + immediate | _tuja_ | too'yah + ink | _inko_ | een'ko + inkstand | _inkujo_ | een-koo'yo + letter | _letero_ | letehr'o + letter-box | _leterkesto_ | leh-tehr-kest'o + note | _noto_ | no'toh + note-paper | _leterpapero_ | letehr'pa-pehr'o + packet | _paketo_ | pah-keht'o + pen | _plumo_ | ploo'mo + --, fountain | _fontoplumo_ | fon'toh-ploo'mo + penholder | _plumingo_ | ploom-een'go + penknife | _trancxileto_ | trahn-chee-leh'toh + pencil | _krajono_ | krah-yo'no + quire | _kajero_ | kah-yeh'ro + ream | _rismo_ | rees'mo + seal, a | _sigelo_ | see-gheh'lo + seal, to | _sigeli_ | see-gheh'lee + sealing-wax | _sigelvakso_ | see-ghehl-vahk'so + sheet | _folio_ | fo-lee'o + signature | _subskribo_ | soob-skree'bo + urgent | _urgxa_ | oorr'jah + writing | _la skribo_ | la skree'bo + -- materials | _skribilaro_ | skree-bee-lah'ro + + +32. The Cardinal Numbers. (_La Fundamentaj Numeraloj._) + +(For Grammatical Notes see section "Cardinal Numbers".) + + 0 _Nulo_ (nool'oh) 17 _dek sep_ 79 _sepdek naux_ + 1 _unu_ (oo'noo) 18 _dek ok_ 80 _okdek_ + 2 _du_ (doo) 19 _dek naux_ 90 _nauxdek_ + 3 _tri_ (tree) 20 _dudek_ 100 _cent_ (tsehnt) + 4 _kvar_ (kvahr) 21 _dudek unu_ 101 _cent unu_ + 5 _kvin_ (kvin) 22 _dudek du_ 102 _cent du_ + 6 _ses_ (sehss) 23 _dudek tri_ 200 _du cent_ (doot'sehnt) + 7 _sep_ (sehp) 24 _dudek kvar_ 300 _tricent_ + 8 _ok_ (ohk) 30 _tridek_ 400 _kvarcent_ + 9 _naux_ (nahw) 35 _tridek kvin_ 500 _kvincent_ + 10 _dek_ (dehk) 40 _kvardek_ 600 _sescent_ + 11 _dek unu_ 46 _kvardek ses_ 700 _sepcent_ + 12 _dek du_ 50 _kvindek_ 800 _okcent_ + 13 _dek tri_ 57 _kvindek sep_ 900 _nauxcent_ + 14 _dek kvar_ 60 _sesdek_ 1,000 _mil_ (meel) + 15 _dek kvin_ 68 _sesdek ok_ + 16 _dek ses_ 70 _sepdek_ + + 2,679 _dumil sescent sepdek naux._ + 3,000 _trimil._ + 10,000 _dek mil._ + 20,000 _dudek mil._ + 389,345 _tricent okdek nauxmil tricent kvardek kvin._ + 1,000,000 _(unu) miliono_ [(oo'noo) meeleeoh'no]. + 4,000,000 _kvar milionoj._ + + 1908 ... _Mil nauxcent ok._ + +NOTE.--Observe that the cardinal numbers are grouped together (without +hyphens) in thousands, hundreds, tens and units. Thus, 548 is _kvincent +kvardek ok_, not _kvincent-kvardek-ok_, and 17 _dek sep_, not _dek-sep_. + + +33. Ordinal Numerals. (_La Ordaj Numeraloj._) + +(For Grammatical Notes see section "Ordinal Numbers".) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + First | _unua_ | oonoo'ah + second | _dua_ | doo'ah + third | _tria_ | tree'ah + fourth | _kvara_ | kvah'rah + fifth | _kvina_ | kvee'nah + sixth | _sesa_ | seh'sah + seventh | _sepa_ | seh'pah + eighth | _oka_ | oh'kah + ninth | _nauxa_ | nah'wah + tenth | _deka_ | deh'kah + eleventh | _dek-unua_ | dehk-oonoo'ah + twelfth | _dek-dua_ | dehkdoo'ah + thirteenth | _dek-tria_ | dehktree'ah + fourteenth | _dek-kvara_ | dehk-kvah'rah + fifteenth | _dek-kvina_ | dehk-kvee'nah + sixteenth | _dek-sesa_ | dehkseh'sah + seventeenth | _dek-sepa_ | dehkseh'pah + eighteenth | _dek-oka_ | dehk-oh'kah + nineteenth | _dek-nauxa_ | dehknah'wah + twentieth | _dudeka_ | doodeh'kah + twenty-first | _dudek-unua_ | doo'dehk-oonoo'ah + twenty-second | _dudek-dua_ | doo'dehk-doo'ah + twenty-third | _dudek-tria_ | doo'dehk-tree'ah + twenty-fourth | _dudek-kvara_ | doo'dehk-kvah'rah + twenty-fifth | _dudek-kvina_ | doo'dehk-kvee'nah + thirtieth | _trideka_ | treedeh'kah + thirty-second | _tridek-dua_ | treedehk-doo'ah + fortieth | _kvardeka_ | kvahrdeh'kah + fiftieth | _kvindeka_ | kvindeh'kah + sixtieth | _sesdeka_ | sehsdeh'kah + seventieth | _sepdeka_ | sehpdeh'kah + eightieth | _okdeka_ | ohkdeh'kah + ninetieth | _nauxdeka_ | nahw-deh'kah + hundredth | _centa_ | tsehn'tah + hundred and first | _cent-unua_ | tsehnt-oonoo'ah + two hundred and | _ducent-kvindek-dua_ | doot'sehnt-kvin'dehk- + fifty-second | | doo'ah + thousandth | _mila_ | mee'lah + + +34. Collective and Fractional Numbers. (_Kolektivaj kaj Nombronaj +Numeraloj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + All | _cxiom (da)_ | chee'ohm (dah) + couple, a | _paro_ | pah'ro + double | _duobla_ | doo-oh'blah + doubly | _duoble_ | doo-oh'bleh + dozen, a | _dekduo_ | dehk-doo'oh + fifth, a | _kvinono_ | kvee-no'no + firstly | _unue_ | oonoo'eh + gross, a | _cent kvardek kvar_ | tsehnt kvahr'dehk kvahr + half-a-dozen | _duondekduo_ | doo-ohn'dehkdoo'oh + once | _unufoje_ | oo'noo-fo'yeh + one by one | _unuope_ | oonoo-oh'peh + one-half | _unu duono_ | oo'noo doo-oh'no + pair, a | _paro_ | pah'ro + part, portion | _parto_ | pahr'to + quarter, fourth | _kvarono_ | kvahro'no + part | | + score, a | _dudeko_ | doodeh'ko + secondly | _due_ | doo'eh + single | _unuopa_ | oonoo-oh'pah + singly | _unuope_ | oonoo-oh'peh + third, a | _triono_ | tree-oh'no + thirdly | _trie_ | tree'eh + threefold | _trioble_ | tree-oh'bleh + three-quarters | _tri kvaronoj_ | tree kvahro'noy + three-sevenths | _tri seponoj_ | tree sehpoh'noy + twice | _dufoje, dufojojn_ | doo-fo'yeh, doo fo'yoyn + two by two | _duope_ | doo-oh'peh + two-sixths | _du sesonoj_ | doo seh-so'noy + whole, the | _la tuto_ | la too'toh + + +35. Adjectives. (_Adjektivoj._) + +(For Grammatical Notes see section "The Adjective".) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Able (capable) | _kapabla_ | kah-pah'blah + bad, wicked | _malbona_ | mahl-bo'nah + beautiful, | _bela_ | beh'la + handsome | | + beloved | _amata_ | ahmah'tah + bitter | _maldolcxa_ | mahl-dohl'chah + blind | _blinda_ | bleen'dah + blunt | _malakra_ | mahl-ah'krah + bold | _kuragxema_ | koorah-jeh'ma + brave | _brava_ | brah'vah + bright | _hela_ | heh'la + broad, wide | _largxa_ | lar'jah + careful | _zorgema_ | zorgeh'ma + careless | _senzorga_ | sen-zor'ga + certain | _certa_ | tsehr'tah + cheap | _malkara_ | mahl-kah'ra + clean | _pura_ | poo'rah + clear | _klara_ | klah'ra + clever | _lerta_ | lehr'tah + cold | _malvarma_ | mahl-vahr'ma + comfortable | _komforta_ | kohm-fohr'tah + corpulent | _korpulenta_ | korpoolehn'tah + costly | _multekosta_ | mool'teh-kohs'tah + damp | _malseka_ | mahl-seh'ka + dangerous | _dangxera_ | dahn-jeh'rah + dark | _malluma_ | mahl-loo'ma + deaf | _surda_ | soor'dah + dear | _kara_ | kah'ra + deep | _profunda_ | pro-foon'dah + different | _malsama_ | mahl-sah'ma + dirty | _malpura_ | mahl-poo'rah + disagreeable | _malagrabla_ | mahl-ahgrah'blah + dry | _seka_ | seh'ka + dull (of weather) | _malklara_ | mahl-klah'rah + dusty | _polva_ | pohl'vah + early | _frua_ | froo'ah + easy | _facila_ | faht-see'lah + empty | _malplena_ | mahl-pleh'na + every | _cxiu_ | chee'oo + false | _malvera_ | mahl-vehr'ah + fashionable | _lauxmoda_ | lahw-mo'dah + fat (stout) | _dikkorpa_ | deek-kor'pa + few | _malmultaj_ | mahl-mool'tahy + fine (excellent) | _bonega_ | boneh'gah + -- (in quality) | _delikata_ | dehlee-kah'tah + fit (for) | _tauxga_ | tahw'gah + flat | _plata_ | plah'tah + foolish | _malsagxa_ | mahl-sah'jah + fortunate | _bonsxanca_ | bohn-shahnt'sah + free | _libera_ | libeh'ra + frequent | _ofta_ | off'tah + fresh | _fresxa_ | freh'shah + front | _antauxa_ | ahntah'wah + full | _plena_ | pleh'nah + gay | _gaja_ | gah'yah + general, usual | _kutima_ | kootee'ma + gentle, polite | _gxentila_ | jentee'la + good | _bona_ | boh'nah + grand | _grandioza_ | grahndee-oh'zah + great | _granda_ | grahn'dah + happy | _felicxa_ | fehlee'chah + hard | _malmola_ | mahl-mo'la + heavy | _peza_ | peh'zah + high | _alta_ | ahl'tah + honest | _honesta_ | honeh'stah + hot | _varmega_ | vahrmeh'ga + hungry | _malsata_ | mahl-sah'tah + ill (unwell) | _malsana_ | mahl-sah'nah + important | _grava_ | grah'va + interesting | _interesa_ | inteh-reh'sah + just | _justa_ | yoos'tah + kind | _bonkora_ | bohn-ko'ra + lame | _lama_ | lah'ma + large, vast | _largxa_ | lahr'jah + last | _lasta_ | lah'stah + late | _malfrua_ | mahl-froo'ah + light | _luma_ | loo'ma + little, small | _malgranda_ | mahl-grahn'dah + long | _longa_ | lohn'gah + loose | _ne fiksita_ | neh fiksee'tah + low (in place) | _malalta_ | mahl-ahl'tah + many | _multaj_ | mool'tahy + mild | _milda_ | meel'dah + muddy | _kota_ | ko'tah + narrow | _mallargxa_ | mahl-lahr'jah + natural | _natura_ | nahtoor'ah + new | _nova_ | no'vah + nice, tasty | _bongusta_ | bohn-goo'stah + old (not new) | _malnova_ | mahl-no'vah + open | _malfermita_ | mahl-fehrmee'tah + patient | _pacienca_ | paht-see-ent'sah + pleasant | _agrabla_ | ahgrah'blah + poor (not rich) | _malricxa_ | mahl-ree'chah + poor (to be | _kompatinda_ | kompah-teen'dah + pitied) | | + possible | _ebla_ | eh'blah + pretty | _beleta_ | beh-leh'tah + private | _privata_ | pree-vah'tah + probable | _probabla_ | probah'blah + proud | _fiera_ | fee-eh'rah + public | _publika_ | pooblee'ka + pure, clean | _pura_ | poo'rah + quick, swift | _rapida_ | rahpee'dah + quiet | _kvieta_ | kvee-eh'tah + rich | _ricxa_ | ree'chah + right | _prava_ | prah-vah + -- (correct) | _gxusta_ | joo'stah + ripe | _matura_ | mahtoo'rah + rough (not smooth) | _malglata_ | mahl-glah'tah + round | _ronda_ | rohn'dah + rude | _malgxentila_ | mahl-jenteela + sacred, holy | _sankta_ | sahnk'tah + sad | _malgxoja_ | mahl-joya + safe, secure | _sekura_ | seh-koo'rah + sharp | _akra_ | ah'krah + short | _mallonga_ | mahl-lohn'ga + silent | _silenta_ | seelehn'tah + simple | _simpla_ | seem'plah + slow | _malrapida_ | mahl-rahpee'dah + smooth | _glata_ | glah'tah + soft | _mola_ | mo'lah + sound, reliable | _fidinda_ | feedeen'dah + sour | _acideca_ | ahtsee-deht'sah + square | _kvadrata_ | kvah-drah'tah + straight | _rekta_ | rehk'tah + strange (curious) | _stranga_ | strahn'gah + strong | _forta_ | fohr'tah + stupid, dull | _stulta_ | stool'tah + sufficient | _suficxa_ | soofee'chah + sweet | _dolcxa_ | dohl'chah + tall | _altkreska_ | ahlt-krehs'kah + tender (loving) | _amplena_ | ahm-pleh'nah + thick | _dika_ | dee'kah + thin | _maldika_ | mahl-dee'ka + thirsty | _soifanta_ | so-eefahn'tah + tough | _koherema_ | ko-hehreh'mah + true | _vera_ | veh'rah + ugly | _malbela_ | mahl-beh'la + unsettled | _necerta_ | neht-sehr'tah + (weather) | | + useful | _utila_ | ootee'la + usual | _kutima_ | kootee'ma + valuable | _multvalora_ | mooltvahlo'ra + various | _diversa_ | deevehr'sah + warm | _varma_ | vahr'ma + weak | _malforta_ | mahl-fohr'ta + wet | _malseka_ | mahl-seh'kah + whole | _tuta_ | too'tah + willing | _volonta_ | volohn'tah + wise | _sagxa_ | sah'jah + wrong | _malprava_ | mahl-prah'vah + young | _juna_ | yoo'nah + + +36. Verbs. + +(For Grammatical Notes see section "The Verb".) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + To accept | _akcepti_ | ahk-tsehp'tee + " admire | _admiri_ | ahdmeer'ee + " answer, reply | _respondi_ | rehspohn'dee + " approve | _aprobi_ | ahpro'bee + " arrive | _alveni_ | ahl-veh'nee + " ascend | _supreniri_ | soo'preh-neer'ee + " ask | _demandi_ | dehman'dee + " attract, draw | _altiri_ | ahl-teer'ee + " awake, _intr._ | _vekigxi_ | vehkee'jee + " be | _esti_ | eh'stee + " be hungry | _malsati_ | mahl-sah'tee + " be ignorant of | _nescii_ | nehst-see'ee + " be mistaken | _trompigxi_ | trohmpee'jee + " be quiet, silent | _silenti_ | seelehn'tee + " be thirsty | _soifi_ | so-ee'fee + " beat | _bati_ | bah'tee + " begin, _tr._ | _komenci_ | kohment'see + " believe | _kredi_ | kreh'dee + " blame | _mallauxdi_ | mahl-lahw'dee + " boil, _intr._; | _boli; boligi_ | bo'lee; bo-lee'ghee + --, _tr._ | | + " borrow | _pruntepreni_ | proon'teh-preh'nee + " bring | _alporti_ | ahl-por'tee + " build | _konstrui_ | konstroo'ee + " button | _butonumi_ | bootonoo'mee + " buy | _acxeti_ | ahcheh'tee + " carry | _porti_ | pohr'tee + " catch cold | _malvarmumi_ | mahl-vahrmoo'mee + " chat | _babili_ | bahbee'lee + " climb | _grimpi_ | grim'pee + " compare | _kompari_ | kohmpah'ree + " consent | _konsenti_ | konsehn'tee + " continue, | _dauxri_ | dahw'ree + _intr._ | | + " cook | _kuiri_ | koo-ee'ree + " cough | _tusi_ | too'see + " cover | _kovri_ | ko'vree + " dance | _danci_ | dahnt'see + " decide | _decidi_ | deht-see'dee + " deny | _nei_ | neh'ee + " depart, go away | _foriri_ | for-eer'ee + " descend | _malsupreniri_ | mahl-sooprehn-eer'ee + " desire, wish | _deziri_ | deh-zeer'ee + (for) | | + " dine | _cxefmangxi_ | chehf-mahn'jee + " do, make | _fari_ | fah'ree + " doubt | _dubi_ | doo'bee + " draw, pull | _tiri_ | teer'ee + " dream | _songxi_ | sohn'jee + " drink | _trinki_ | trin'kee + " dress | _vesti_ | veh'stee + " dwell, live | _logxi_ | lo'jee + " eat | _mangxi_ | mahn'jee + " exchange | _intersxangxi_ | intehr-shahn'jee + " excuse | _ekskuzi_ | ekskoo'zee + " explain | _komprenigi_ | kompreh-nee'ghee + " fall | _fali_ | fah'lee + " feel (by touch) | _palpi_ | pahl'pee + " feel (in mind) | _senti_ | sehn'tee + " find | _trovi_ | tro'vee + " finish, _tr._ | _fini_ | fee'nee + " follow | _sekvi_ | sehk'vee + " forget | _forgesi_ | fohr-gheh'see + " gather | _kolekti_ | ko-lehk'tee + " get | _akiri_ | ahkee'ree + " get up | _levigxi_ | lehvee'jee + " give | _doni_ | doh'nee + " go | _iri_ | eer'ee + " go in | _eniri_ | ehneer'ee + " go out | _eliri_ | ehleer'ee + " grow | _kreski_ | kreh'skee + " guide | _gvidi_ | gvee'dee + " hate | _malami_ | mahlah'mee + " have | _havi_ | hah'vee + " hear | _auxdi_ | ahw'dee + " hesitate | _heziti_ | heh-zee'tee + " hide | _kasxi_ | kah'shee + " hope | _esperi_ | espehr'ee + " imagine | _imagi_ | imah'ghee + " ignore | _ignori_ | ignoh'ree + " intend | _intenci_ | intehnt'see + " introduce (one) | _prezenti_ | prehzehn'tee + -- (a thing) | _enkonduki_ | ehnkon-doo'kee + " joke | _sxerci_ | shehrt'see + " jump | _salti_ | sahl'tee + " know | _scii_ | stsee'ee + " laugh | _ridi_ | ree'dee + " learn | _lerni_ | lehr'nee + " lend | _pruntedoni_ | proon'teh-doh'nee + " lie down | _kusxigxi_ | koo-shee'jee + " live (be alive) | _vivi_ | vee'vee + " look for | _sercxi_ | sehr'chee + " lose | _perdi_ | pehr'dee + " love | _ami_ | ah'mee + " marry, _intr._ | _edzigxi_ | ehdzee'-jee + (of a man) | | + -- (of a woman) | _edzinigxi_ | ehdzee-nee'jee + " meet | _renkonti_ | rehn-kon'tee + " mention | _aludi_ | ahloo'dee + " need, want | _bezoni_ | behzoh'nee + " object | _oponi_ | opoh'nee + " obtain | _obteni_ | obteh'nee + " offend | _ofendi_ | ofehn'dee + " offer | _proponi_ | pro-po'nee + " open | _malfermi_ | mahl-fehr'mee + " order (goods) | _mendi_ | mehn'dee + " order, command | _ordoni_ | ohrdoh'nee + " pack up | _paki_ | pah'kee + " paint | _pentri_ | pehn'tree + " pay; repay | _pagi; repagi_ | pah'ghee; reh-pah'ghee + " plant | _planti_ | plahn'tee + " play | _ludi_ | loo'dee + " plough | _plugi_ | ploo'ghee + " pluck, pick | _desxiri_ | deh-sheer'ee + " praise | _lauxdi_ | lahw'dee + " prove | _pruvi_ | proo'vee + " read | _legi_ | leh'ghee + " reap | _rikolti_ | reekohl'tee + " reckon, count | _kalkuli_ | kahl-koo'lee + " receive | _ricevi_ | reetseh'vee + " refuse | _rifuzi_ | ree-foo'zee + " regret | _bedauxri_ | behdahw'ree + " remember | _memori_ | meh-mohr'ee + " repeat | _ripeti_ | reepeh'tee + " rest | _ripozi_ | reepo'zee + " return, come | _reveni_ | rehveh'nee + back | | + -- (go back) | _reiri_ | reh-eer'ee + -- (give back) | _redoni_ | reh-doh'nee + " ring, _tr._ | _sonorigi_ | so-no-ree'ghee + " roast | _rosti_ | roh'stee + " run | _kuri_ | koor'ee + " say, tell | _diri_ | dee'ree + " search for | _sercxi_ | sehr'chee + " see | _vidi_ | vee'dee + " sell | _vendi_ | vehn'dee + " serve | _servi_ | sehr'vee + " sew, stitch | _kudri_ | koo'dree + " shave | _razi_ | rah'zee + " shine | _brili_ | bree'lee + " show | _montri_ | mohn'tree + " sign (letter, | _subskribi_ | soob-skree'bee + etc.) | | + " sit down | _sidigxi_ | seedee'jee + " sleep | _dormi_ | dohr'mee + " sneeze | _terni_ | tehr'nee + " sow (seed) | _semi_ | seh'mee + " speak | _paroli_ | pahro'lee + " spoil, _tr._ | _difekti_ | deefehk'tee + " steal | _sxteli_ | shteh'lee + " study | _studi_ | stoo'dee + " swear | _jxuri_ | zhoor'ee + " take | _preni_ | preh'nee + " take off | _depreni_ | deh-preh'nee + " take a walk | _promeni_ | pro-meh'nee + " taste, _tr._ | _gustumi_ | goostoo'mee + " tell (a tale) | _rakonti_ | rahkon'tee + " thank | _danki_ | dahn'kee + " think | _pensi_ | pehn'see + " throw | _jxeti_ | zheh'tee + " touch | _tusxi_ | too'shee + " translate | _traduki_ | trahdoo'kee + " travel | _vojagxi_ | vo-yah'jee + " unbutton | _malbutonumi_ | mahl-bootohnoo'mee + " unpack | _malpaki_ | mahl-pah'kee + " wash | _lavi_ | lah'vee + " weep | _plori_ | plo'ree + " weigh, _tr._; | _pesi; pezi_ | peh'see; peh'zee + --, _int._ | | + " will, be willing | _voli_ | vo'lee + " work | _labori_ | lah-boh'ree + " wrap up | _envolvi_ | ehn-vol'vee + " write | _skribi_ | skree'bee + " yield, give way | _cedi_ | tseh'dee + + +37. Adverbs, Conjunctions & Prepositions. (_Adverboj, Konjunkcioj kaj +Prepozicioj._) + +(For Grammatical Notes see the elementary grammar.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + About (nearly) | _proksimume_ | prokseemoo'meh + about (concerning) | _pri_ | pree + above | _super_ | soo'pehr + above all | _antaux cxio_ | ahn'tahw chee'oh + absolutely | _absolute_ | ahbsoloo'teh + according to | _laux_ | lah'w + across | _trans_ | trahnss + afresh | _denove_ | dehno'veh + after, next to | _post_ | pohst + afterwards | _poste_ | pohss'teh + again | _ree_ | reh'eh + against | _kontraux_ | kohn'trahw + all (of) | _cxiom (da)_ | chee'ohm (dah) + all at once, | _subite_ | soobee'teh + suddenly | | + almost | _preskaux_ | preh'skahw + alone, solely | _sole_ | so'leh + aloud | _lauxte_ | lahw'teh + already | _jam_ | yahm + also, too, besides | _ankaux_ | ahn'kahw + although | _kvankam_ | kvahn'kahm + altogether, quite | _tute_ | too'teh + always | _cxiam_ | chee'ahm + and | _kaj_ | kah'y + anywhere | _kie ajn_ | kee'eh ah'yn + around, round | _cxirkaux_ | cheer'kahw + about | | + as...as | _tiel...kiel..._ | tee'ehl...kee'ehl... + as much, as many | _tiom_ | tee'ohm + as much as | _tiom kiom_ | tee'ohm kee'ohm + as soon as, | _tuj kiam_ | too'y kee'ahm + immediately | | + at | _cxe_ | cheh + at first | _unue_ | oonoo'eh + at last | _fine_ | fee'neh + at least | _almenaux_ | ahl-meh'nahw + at [the] most | _pleje_ | pleh'yeh + at once | _tuj_ | tooy' + at present | _nune_ | noo'neh + badly | _malbone_ | mahlbo'neh + because | _cxar_ | chahr + before | _antaux_ | ahn'tahw + behind | _post_ | pohst + below, under, | _sub_ | soob + beneath | | + besides, beyond | _krom_ | krohm + better | _pli bone_ | plee bo'neh + between, among(st) | _inter_ | een'tehr + beyond | _preter_ | preh'tehr + briefly, shortly | _mallonge_ | mahl-lohn'geh + but | _sed_ | sehd + by the side of | _apud, flanke de_ | ah'pood, flahn'keh deh + by turns | _lauxvice_ | lahw-veet'seh + close to | _apud_ | ah'pood + consequently | _sekve_ | sehk'veh + daily | _cxiutage_ | chee-ootah'gheh + doubtless | _sendube_ | sehndoo'beh + down (direction) | _malsupren_ | mahlsoo'prehn + down (position) | _malsupre_ | mahlsoo'preh + during | _dum_ | doom + early, betimes | _frue_ | froo'eh + either...or | _aux...aux_ | ahw...ahw + elsewhere | _aliloke_ | ahleelo'keh + enough (of) | _suficxe (da)_ | soofee'cheh (dah) + even if | _ecx se_ | ehch seh + everywhere | _cxie_ | chee'eh + exactly | _precize_ | preht-see'zeh + exceedingly | _treege_ | treh-eh'geh + except, _prep._ | _escepte_ | est-sehp'teh + far, distant | _malproksime_ | mahl-proksee'meh + for, _conj._ | _cxar_ | chahr + for, _prep._ | _por_ | pohr + formerly | _antauxe_ | ahntah'weh + from | _de_ | deh + full of | _plena de_ | pleh'nah deh + fully | _plene_ | pleh'neh + hardly | _apenaux_ | ahpeh'nahw + here | _cxi tie, tie cxi_ | chee tee'eh, tee'eh + | | chee + herewith | _cxi-kune_ | chee-koo'neh + how, like | _kiel_ | kee'ehl + how much? | _kiom?_ | kee'ohm? + however | _tamen_ | tah'mehn + immediately | _tuj_ | too'y + in | _en_ | ehn + in every way | _cxiel_ | chee'ehl + in front, before | _antauxe_ | ahntah'weh + in future | _en la estonteco_ | ehn lah estohn-teht'so + in spite of | _malgraux_ | mahl'grahw + in the midst of | _meze de_ | meh'zeh deh + indeed | _vere_ | veh'reh + inside | _interne de, en_ | intehr'neh deh, ehn + instead of | _anstataux_ | ahnstaht'ahw + late | _malfrue_ | mahl-froo'eh + less | _malpli_ | mahl'plee + little (of) | _malmulte (da)_ | mahl-mool'teh (dah) + little by little | _iom post iom_ | ee'ohm pohst ee'ohm + more | _pli_ | plee + more or less | _pli malpli_ | plee mahl'plee + the more...the | _ju pli...des pli_ | yoo plee...dehs plee + more | | + much, very | _tre_ | treh + mutually | _reciproke_ | reht'see-pro'keh + near; -- to | _proksime; -- de_ | prohksee'meh; -- deh + neither...nor | _nek...nek_ | nehk...nehk + never | _neniam_ | neh-nee'ahm + nevertheless | _tamen_ | tah'mehn + not | _ne_ | neh + not at all | _tute ne_ | too'teh neh + notwithstanding | _malgraux (tio)_ | mahl'grahw (tee'oh) + not yet | _ankoraux ne_ | ahnkoh'rahw neh + now | _nun_ | noon + nowadays | _nuntempe, hodiaux_ | noon-tehm'peh, + | | hoh-dee'ahw + nowhere | _nenie_ | neh-nee'eh + of | _de; da_ (after | deh; dah + | numerals) | + of course | _kompreneble_ | kompreh-neh'bleh + often | _ofte_ | off'teh + on, upon | _sur_ | soor + on account of | _pro_ | pro + on no account | _nenial_ | neh-nee'ahl + on the contrary | _kontrauxe_ | kontrah'weh + on the left | _maldekstre_ | mahl-dek'streh + on the right | _dekstre_ | dehk'streh + only | _nur_ | noor + opposite | _kontrauxe_ | kontrah'weh + or | _aux_ | ahw + otherwise | _alie_ | ahlee'eh + outside, out of | _ekster_ | eks'tehr + over | _super_ | soo'pehr + perhaps | _eble_ | eh'bleh + presently, soon | _baldaux_ | bahl'dahw + previously | _antauxe_ | ahntah'weh + purposely | _intence_ | intehnt'seh + quickly | _rapide_ | rahpee'deh + rather, preferably | _prefere_ | prehfeh'reh + rather, somewhat | _iom_ | ee'ohm + save, excepting | _escepte_ | ehst-sehp'teh + scarcely | _apenaux_ | ahpeh'nahw + seldom, rarely | _malofte_ | mahl-off'teh + since, _prep._ | _de_ | deh + --, _conj._ | _cxar_ | chahr + -- (the time when) | _de l' tempo kiam_ | dehl tehm'po kee'ahm + so, thus | _tiel_ | tee'ehl + so much | _tiom_ | tee'ohm + somehow | _iel_ | ee'ehl + something | _io_ | ee'oh + sometimes | _kelkafoje_ | kehl'kah-fo'yeh + soon | _baldaux_ | bahl'dahw + suddenly | _subite_ | soo-bee'teh + that, _conj._ | _ke_ | keh + that is | _tio estas_ (abbr., | tee'oh es'tahss + | _t.e._) | + then | _tiam_ | tee'ahm + then, _conj._ | _do_ | doh + thence | _de tie_ | deh tee'eh + there | _tie_ | tee'eh + through | _tra_ | trah + through (by means | _per_ | pehr + of) | | + till, until | _gxis_ | jeess + to | _al_ | ahl + together | _kune_ | koo'neh + too much, too | _tro_ | tro + towards | _al, en la direkto de_ | ahl, ehn lah + | | deerehk'toh deh + unexpectedly | _neatendite_ | neh-ahtehndee'teh + unless | _se...ne_ | seh...neh + until | _gxis_ | jeess + up, upwards | _supren_ | soo'prehn + up above | _supre_ | soo'preh + weekly | _cxiusemajne_ | chee'oo-sehmah'y-neh + well | _bone_ | bo'neh + when | _kiam_ | kee'ahm + whence? | _de kie?_ | deh kee'eh? + where? | _kie?_ | kee'eh? + wherever | _kie ajn_ | kee'eh ahyn' + whether, if | _cxu_ | choo + while, whilst | _dum_ | doom + why? | _kial?_ | kee'ehl? + willingly | _volonte_ | volohn'teh + wisely | _sagxe_ | sah'jeh + with | _kun_ | koon + within | _interne_ | intehr'neh + without | _sen_ | sehn + yearly | _cxiujare_ | chee'oo-yah'reh + yet, as yet | _ankoraux_ | ahnkoh'rahw + + + + +ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR. + + +The Article. + +The DEFINITE ARTICLE _the_ is in Esperanto represented by _la_. Like the +article in English, _la_ does not vary with the number or gender of the +noun before which it is placed; e.g., _la briko_, the brick; _la +brikoj_, the bricks; _la patro_, the father; _la patrinoj_, the mothers. + +The INDEFINITE ARTICLE _a_ is not expressed in Esperanto. Thus, "_filo_" +is _son_ or _a son_. + + +The Noun. + +In Esperanto every noun in the singular ends in *o*. Thus: viro, _a +man_; la libro, _the book_. The plural is formed from the singular by +adding the termination *-j*. Thus: viroj, _men_; la libroj, _the books_. + +In order to allow each nation to construct its sentences in the order to +which it is accustomed, every noun in Esperanto has two forms or +"cases," (1) the NOMINATIVE, or unchanged form, and (2) the ACCUSATIVE, +which is formed from the nominative by adding the termination *-n*. This +is merely to distinguish between subject and object. The accusative form +is also used to indicate motion towards, etc. + + +The Adjective. + +All adjectives end in the nominative singular in *a*. They may be placed +either before or after the noun. As in the case of the noun, the plural +is formed by adding the termination *-j*, and the accusative is formed +by adding *-n* to the nominative. The adjective agrees in number and +case with the noun which it qualifies. Ex.:-- + + Blua libro (_or_ libro blua), _a blue book_; bluaj libroj, _blue books_. + La viro legas bluan libron. _The man reads a blue book._ + La viroj legas bluajn librojn. _The men are reading blue books._ + +Thanks to the accusative case, one might say without loss of clearness: +Bluan libron legas la viro, _or_ la viro bluan libron legas, _or_ bluan +libron la viro legas, etc. + + +Degrees of Comparison. + +There are three degrees of comparison, as in English: + +The POSITIVE, as _bona_, good; _bela_, beautiful; _granda_, big, great. + +The COMPARATIVE is formed by placing _pli_ (more) or _malpli_ (less) +before the positive, thus: _bona_, good--_pli bona_, better; _bela_, +beautiful--_malpli bela_, less beautiful. The comparison may be +heightened by using _multe_ (much), thus: _multe pli_ (or _malpli_) +_bela_. + +_Than_ is translated by _ol_, thus: _pli_ (or _malpli_) _bela ol_..., +more (_or_ less) beautiful than... + +The SUPERLATIVE degree is formed by using _plej_ (most) with the +positive; as _bela_, beautiful--_plej bela_, most beautiful. + +_Of_ with a superlative is translated by the preposition _el_ (out of). +_La plej granda el cxiuj_, the greatest of all. + +_The more...the more_, _the less...the less_, are translated by means of +the particles _ju_ and _des_. Thus: _Ju pli oni studas, des pli oni +lernas_, the more one studies, the more one learns. _Ju pli mi kun li +parolas, des malpli mi lin estimas_, the more I speak to him, the less I +esteem him. + + +Cardinal Numbers. + +The CARDINAL NUMBERS may be used as _nouns_, by the addition of the +ending *-o*. Thus, _unuo_, a unit; _trio_, a trio; _dekduo_, a dozen; +_dudeko_, a score; _cento_, a hundred; _milo_, a thousand. Note that +_miliono_ is ALWAYS used as a noun. + +When a number or any other word is used as a noun of quantity, the noun +which follows it must be preceded by the quantitative preposition +*da*:--_Dekduo da ovoj_, a dozen eggs; _milo da soldatoj_, a thousand +soldiers (one might of course also say _dek du ovoj_, _mil soldatoj_); +_du metroj da drapo_, two metres of cloth; _tri funtoj da sukero_, three +pounds of sugar. + + +Ordinal Numbers. + +The ORDINAL NUMBERS are formed by adding the adjectival ending *-a* to +the Cardinals. In Compound Ordinal Numbers, the groups of hundreds, +tens, units, etc., are _joined by hyphens_, and the ending *-a* is added +to the unit numeral. Thus: _unu_, one--_unua_, first; _tria_, third; +_dek-unua_, eleventh; _tridek-sepa_, thirty-seventh; +_kvarcent-sesdek-dua_, 462nd, and so on. Written in figures these would +be _1a_, _3a_, _11a_, _37a_, _462a_. The Ordinals are of course +inflected like adjectives. (See section "The Adjective".) + + +Fractions + +FRACTIONALS are formed by adding the suffix *-on* (plus the endings *o*, +*a*, or *e* as required) to the Cardinal Numbers. Thus: _unu duono_, +one-half; _tri kvaronoj_, three-quarters; _dek sep dek-nauxonoj_, 17/19; + _dudek tri kvarmil-kvincent-tridek-nauxonoj_, 23/4539. _Duone vera_ (or +_duonvera_), half-true. _Tri-kvaronoj da funto_ (or _trikvaronfuntoj_), +3/4 lb. _Duono da funto_ (or _duonfunto_), 1/2 lb. + + +Multiples, Collectives, and Distributives. + +MULTIPLE Numbers are formed from the Cardinals by adding the suffix +*-obl*, with the requisite grammatical ending *o*, *a*, or *e*. Thus: +_duobla_, double; _duoblo_, a double; _duoble_, doubly; _tridekoble_, +thirty-fold; _sesoble naux estas_ (or _faras_) _kvindek kvar_, six nines +are fifty-four; _duoble du estas kvar_, twice two are four. + +COLLECTIVE Numerals are formed by the addition of the suffix *-op* (plus +the grammatical termination required). Thus: _duope_, two at a time, two +together; _nauxope_, nine at a time; _ili venadis dekope_, they came in +tens; _dumilopa tacxmento_, a detachment two thousand strong. + +DISTRIBUTIVES are shown by the preposition _po_, meaning _at the rate +of_. Thus: _li acxetis por cxiu infano po ses pomoj_, he bought six +apples for each child; _li ricevas po dek sxilingoj por cxiu tago_, he +gets ten shillings a day; _la vagonaro veturas po sesdek mejloj en cxiu +horo_ (or _cxiuhore_), the train travels at (the rate of) sixty miles an +hour, etc. + + +The Pronoun. + +The PERSONAL PRONOUNS are, in the nominative: _Mi_, I; _vi_, you (sing. +and pl.); _ni_, we; _li_, he; _sxi_, she; _gxi_, it; _ili_, they. + +The archaic English _thou_ may be translated by _ci_. + +The Accusative case of the personal pronouns is formed like that of +nouns and adjectives, by adding *-n*. Thus: _Min_, me; _vin_, you; +_nin_, us; _lin_, him; _sxin_, her; _gxin_, it; _ilin_, them. + +The REFLEXIVE PRONOUN of the 3rd person is _si_ (accusative _sin_), +standing for _himself_, _herself_, _itself_, _one's-self_, or +_themselves_, as the case may be. There is no special reflexive form for +the pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person, _I_, _we_, and _you_. + +The INDEFINITE PERSONAL PRONOUN is _oni_ (= the French _on_)--one, +people, they, you. Ex.: _Li amas sin_, he loves himself; _sxi amas sin_, +she loves herself; _gxi montras sin_, it shows itself; _ili diras al +si_, they say to themselves; _oni vidas sin_, one sees one's-self; _mi +lavas min_, I wash myself; _vi lauxdas vin_, you praise yourself. + + +Possessive Adjectives or Pronouns. + +By adding the adjectival ending *-a* to the personal pronouns, the +POSSESSIVE Adjectives and Pronouns are obtained. Thus: _Mia_, my, mine; +_cia_, thy, thine; _via_, your, yours; _nia_, our, ours; _lia_, his; +_sxia_, her, hers; _gxia_, its; _sia_ (reflexive), his, her(s), its, +their(s), one's. + +NOTE the following use of _sia_. In English the sentence, "He saw his +friend with his brother," is not clear. Does it mean that he saw his +friend (1) with his _friend's brother_, or (2) with his _own brother_? +In Esperanto, the use of _sia_ makes the meaning quite clear; (1) would +be: _Li vidis sian amikon kun LIA frato_, and (2) would be: _Li vidis +sian amikon kun SIA frato_. + +The word _mem_, meaning _-self or -selves_, may be added to a personal +pronoun to give emphasis. Thus: _Konu vin mem_, know thyself; _li iris +mem_, he went himself; _li mem_, himself; _li parolis al si mem_, he +spoke to himself. + +Like other adjectives, possessives agree in case and number with the +noun to which they refer. Ex.: + + _lia libro_, his book; _liaj libroj_, his books; + _sxi havas lian, kaj li havas sxian_, she has his, and he has hers; + _liaj estas la plej bonaj libroj_, his are the best books; + _mi preferas miajn_, I prefer mine; _li preferas siajn_, he prefers his; + _ili preferas siajn_, they prefer theirs. + + +Demonstrative Adjective or Pronoun. + +The DEMONSTRATIVE Adjective and Pronoun "that" is rendered in Esperanto +by the word _tiu_ (acc. _tiun_); plural _tiuj_ (acc. _tiujn_), those. +The addition (either before or after) of the particle _cxi_ to the +singular and plural respectively, gives _this_ and _these_. Ex.: + + _Tiu viro_, that man. _Tiu estas mia_, that (one) is mine. + _Mi elektas tiun_, I choose that (one). + _Mi preferas tiun cxi_ (or _cxi tiujn_), I prefer this (one). + _Tiuj cxi_ (or _cxi tiuj_) _estas miaj_, these are mine. + _Mi portos tiujn cxi_, I will carry these. + + +Interrogative Pronouns. + +_Kiu?_--who, which? Plural, _kiuj?_ _Kio?_--what? _Kies?_--whose? _Al +kiu?_--to whom? _Kiun?_--whom? (acc.), _kiujn?_ (acc. plu.). Ex.: + + _Kiu estas tiu?_--who is that? + _Kiun vi deziras vidi?_--whom do you desire to see? + _Kiuj foriris?_--which (ones) went away? + _Kiujn vi vidis?_--which ones did you see? + +_Kiu_ is also used with ADJECTIVAL meaning. Thus: _Kiu libro estas +via?_--which book is yours? _Kiun libron vi preferas?_--which book do +you prefer? _Kiuj domoj apartenas al vi?_--which houses belong to you? +_Kiujn stratojn vi konas?_--which streets do you know? _Kio estas +tio?_--what is that? _Kion li volas?_--what does he want? + +The English _-ever_ is translated by _ajn_. For example: _Kiu ajn li +estas, ne parolu al li_, whoever he be, do not speak to him. _Kies ajn_, +whosesoever. _Kiu(j)n ajn_, whomever. + + +Relative Pronouns. + +The Relative Pronouns are identical with the Interrogative: _Kiu(j)_, +who, that, which, _kiu(j)n_, whom, that, which. Ex.: + + _La libro, kiun vi legas_, the book (which) you are reading. + _Tiu, kiu parolis al vi_, the one who spoke to you. + _La personoj, kiujn li konas_, the persons (whom) he knows. + _Tio, kion li diras, ne estas vera_, what he says is not true. + _La arbo, kies supron vi vidas_, the tree whose top you can see. + + +Indefinite Pronouns. + + _iu_ (acc. _iun_), anyone, someone or other; + _ies_, anyone's, someone's; + _iuj_ (acc. _iujn_), any persons, some persons or other; + _io_ (acc. _ion_), anything, something. + + _cxiu_ (acc. _cxiun_), everyone, each; + _cxies_, everyone's, everybody's, each one's; + _cxiuj_ (acc. _cxiujn_), everybody, all; + _cxio_ (acc. _cxion_), everything, all. + + _neniu_ (acc. _neniun_), no one, nobody; + _nenies_, no one's, nobody's; + _nenio_ (acc. _nenion_), nothing, not anything. + +NOTE.--_Iu_, _cxiu_, and _neniu_ are also used with nouns. Thus: _Kiun +libron vi deziras?_ Which book do you desire? _Iun ajn libron._ Any +book. _Iu homo_, any man, some man or other. _Cxiu bona patro amas siajn +infanojn_, every good father loves his children. _Cxiuj liaj amikoj_ (or +_cxiu lia amiko_), all his friends, every friend of his. _Mi renkontis +neniun amikon_, I met no friend. + +Other PRONOMINAL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS are: + +_multaj(n)_, many; _multo(n)_, much; _malmultaj(n), malmulte da..._, a +few. Ex.: _malmultaj personoj_, few persons; _malmulte da scio_, little +knowledge. + +_kelkajn_, some, several; _kelke da..._, some. Ex.: _kelkaj personoj_, +some persons, several persons; _kelke da libroj_, some (quantity of) +books. + +_alia(n)_, another, other; _aliaj(n)_, others. Ex.: _ili parolis unu al +alia_, they spoke to one another; _ni parolis unu al la alia_, we spoke +to each other; _unu aux la alia tauxgos_, either (one or the other) will +do; _nek unu nek la alia konvenas_, neither (one nor the other) is +suitable. + +_ambaux_ (invariable), both. Ex.: _ambaux venis_, both came; _mi konas +ambaux fratojn_, I know both brothers; _mi vidis ilin ambaux_, I saw +both of them; _mi sxatas ambaux_, I like both. + + +The Verb. + + +Tenses. + +The VERB in Esperanto has three main Tenses--the Present, Past, and +Future. These are denoted by means of the verbal endings *-as*, *-is*, +and *-os*. Thus, from the root _vid_, see, are formed: + + Present. | Past. | Future. + _mi vidas_, I see | _mi vidis_, I saw | _mi vidos_, I shall see + + +Moods. + +Every Esperanto verb has three Moods--the Conditional, the Imperative, +and the Infinitive, which are formed respectively by means of the +endings *-us*, *-u*, and *-i*. Thus: + + Conditional. | Imperative. | Infinitive. + _mi vidus_, I should see | _vidu_, see! | _vidi_, to see + +The CONDITIONAL Mood is used to express _supposition_; the three Tenses, +on the other hand, are used to express _facts_ or actual happenings. +(For examples, see section "Conjunctions".) + +The IMPERATIVE Mood is used to express an order, desire, wish, will, +etc. (See section "Use of Imperative".) Used with the personal pronouns +of the 1st and 2nd persons, this mood corresponds to the English _let_, +used as an expression of a wish. Thus: _mi pensu_, let me think; _li +venu morgaux_, let him come to-morrow; _ili parolu_, let them speak. + +NOTE that _let_ sometimes means _to allow, to give leave_, in which case +the verb _lasi_ is used. Thus: let (allow) him come, _lasu lin veni_; +leave it there, _lasu gxin tie_. + +The Imperative may be used interrogatively to translate the English +_shall_, with an idea of wish or desire. Thus: + + What shall I give you? _Kion mi donu al vi?_ + What shall we do to-day? _Kion ni faru hodiaux?_ + +_What will he do?_ would of course be simply _Kion li faros?_--for there +is here no question of desire or wish, but merely a question of future +action. + +The INFINITIVE Mood is used to express the mere idea of the verb, +without any limit of person or number, and corresponds to the English +_to_ before the verb. Thus: _kuri_, to run; _paroli_, to speak. + +NOTE.--In Esperanto, as is largely the case in English, the mood and +tense endings of the verb _do not vary_ according to person or number. +For instance: _mi vidas_, I see, _li vidas_, he sees; also _ni vidis_, +we saw, _ili vidis_, they saw; _vi vidos_, you will see; _oni vidos_, +one will see; _sxi vidus_, she would see, _vi vidus_, you would see. + + +Participles. + +There are in Esperanto _six_ participles, three active and three +passive, corresponding to three tenses. They are formed in the ACTIVE by +means of the endings *-ant*, *-int*, and *-ont*, and in the PASSIVE by +means of the endings *-at*, *-it*, *-ot*, with the addition of the +adjectival termination *-a*. Thus: + + ACTIVE. + Present. | Past. | Future. + _vidanta_, seeing | _vidinta_, having-seen | _vidonta_, about-to-see + + PASSIVE. + _vidata_, | _vidita_, | _vidota_, + (being) seen | (having-been) seen | (about-to-be) seen + +The PARTICIPLES may be used either as _Nouns_, _Adjectives_, or +_Adverbs_, the terminations *-o*, *-a*, *-e* being added to the +participial endings as required. When used as nouns or adjectives, they +of course take the sign of the Plural (*-j*) and of the Accusative +(*-n*) when the construction of the sentence so requires. Ex.: + + (1) ACTIVE. _En la venonta jaro_, in the coming year. _La parolanto_, + the speaker. _La auxskultantoj_, the audience (_lit._, listeners). _Mi + vidis lin skribantan_, I saw him writing. _Li foriris kurante_, he + went off at a run. _Li revenis ne vidinte sian amikon_, he returned + without having seen his friend. + + (2) PASSIVE. _La ekzamenato_, the examinee. _La mortigitoj kaj + vunditoj_, the killed and wounded. _Estimata sinjoro_, dear (_lit._, + esteemed) sir. _Frapote, li sin defendis_, about to be struck, he + defended himself. _Mi auxdis tiun himnon kantatan_, I heard that hymn + sung. + + +Compound Tenses. + +The COMPOUND TENSES are formed by means of the auxiliary verb *esti*, to +be. Thus, by the combination of the participles with the six tenses and +moods, we obtain thirty-six compound tenses, enabling us to express with +the utmost precision any time-relation whatsoever. We have in all: + + _li estas_, or _estis_, or _estos_ { _vidanta_ or _vidata_ + or _estus_, or _estu_, or _esti_ { _vidinta_ or _vidita_ + { _vidonta_ or _vidota_ + +The use of the participles is very easy when once one grasps the fact +that the auxiliary _esti_ serves to denote the particular division of +time, or the particular manner, of the occurrence of the action denoted +by the participle. Ex.: + + _Li estis skribanta, kiam mi vidis lin_, he was writing when I saw him. + _Li estis fininta, kiam mia amiko alvenis_, he had finished (_lit._, + was having finished) when my friend arrived. + _Mi estis tuj forironta, kiam vi aperis_, I was just about to go out + when you appeared. + _Li estas nunmomente parolanta_, he is speaking at this very moment. + _Li estas mortonta_, he is about to die. + _Li estus jam foririnta_, he would have already departed (_lit._, + would be already gone away). + +The word _by_ after a Passive is translated by the preposition *de*. +Thus: The wood was being chopped by the boy, _la ligno estis hakata de +la knabo_. He has been seen by all, _li estas vidita de cxiuj_. + +NOTE.--The COMPOUND TENSES should not be used if the SIMPLE TENSES +suffice to show the meaning clearly. Thus, _I have seen him_ is more +neatly expressed by _mi jam vidis lin_ than by _mi estas vidinta lin_. +_Li jam foriris_ might stand for either _he had gone_ or _he has gone_, +according to circumstances, and the context would clearly show which was +meant. _Li parolas_ is generally quite right for _he is speaking_. _Li +estas parolanta_ should be used only when it is particularly intended to +show that he is _actually engaged_ in the act of speaking. + + +The Adverb. + +In Esperanto, ADVERBS are denoted by the ending *-e*, and may be placed +in any position, either before or after the verb. Thus: _bela_, +beautiful--_bele_, beautifully; _vera_, true--_vere_, truly. _Li parolas +sagxe_, he speaks wisely. _Li rapide kuras_, he runs quickly. + + +Adverbial Numbers. + +ADVERBIAL NUMBERS are formed by adding *-e* to the Cardinals. Thus: +_unue_ (_1e_), firstly; _trie_ (_3e_), thirdly; _sepe_ (_7e_), etc. + + +The Preposition. + +In English, one preposition often has many different meanings. In +Esperanto, on the contrary, every preposition, with the exception of the +word _je_, has one precise and fixed meaning. + +The preposition *je* is the only one in Esperanto without a definite +meaning. It sometimes happens that one wishes to use a preposition of +some sort or other, but is uncertain just which preposition will +precisely express the idea. In such cases _je_ is used. Thus: He laughed +_at_ me, _li ridis je mi_; full _of_ water, _plena je akvo_; six metres +long, _longa je ses metroj_; fear _of_ him, _timo je li_, etc. + +_Je_ should not be abused. Its too frequent use is a mark of the +beginner in the language. + + +Use of Accusative. + +When there is no ambiguity to be feared, the preposition _je_, and even +other prepositions, are often omitted in Esperanto; and the word to +which the preposition, if expressed, would have referred is put into the +accusative. Thus, instead of saying _li ridas je mi_ (he is laughing at +me), one might say _li ridas min_; similarly, _du metrojn alta_ would +stand for _alta je du metroj_. _Gxi kostis je tri sxilingoj_ is more +usually expressed: _gxi kostis tri sxilingojn_. _Mi restis tie dum kvin +horoj_ (I stayed there for five hours) could be: _mi restis tie kvin +horojn_; and so on. + +Certain prepositions, viz., _antaux_, before, _cxe_, at, _en_, in, +_sub_, under, _sur_, on, _kontraux_, against, _super_, over, and +_trans_, across, are often used to denote _movement towards_, whereas of +themselves they only express _rest at_. In order to make it quite clear +whether motion or rest is intended, use is made of the accusative. Thus: +_li promenis en la urbo_, he took a walk _in_ the city; but _li promenis +en la urbon_, he took a walk _into_ the city. _Li kuris antaux mi_, he +ran (along) before or in front of me; but _li pasxis antaux min_, he +stepped in front of me; and so on. + +ADVERBS are sometimes used with prepositional force. Thus: _proksime de +la domo_, near the house; _dekstre de la arbo_, on the right of the +tree, etc. + + +The Conjunction. + +A full list of CONJUNCTIONS will be found on section 37. The following +constructions should be noted: + + +Tenses after _Ke_ (that). + + _Mi vidis, ke sxi ploras_, I saw (that) she was crying. + _Mi sciis, ke li venos_, I knew that he _would_ come. + _Mi sciis, ke li jam alvenis_, I knew (that) he had already arrived. + _Li diris, ke se li estus tiel granda, kiel mi, li facile farus tion_, + he said that if he were as tall as I, he would easily do that. + +Note that in Esperanto the verb is put in the exact time or tense used +by the speaker. Thus: _mi ne sciis, cxu li venos_, I did not know +whether he would (_lit._, will) come; _ili ne diris, cxu ili vin +renkontis_, they did not say whether they had met you. + + +Use of Imperative. + +After verbs expressing wish, intention, will, or desire, or command, the +verb following is put in the IMPERATIVE MOOD. Thus: _mi ordonas, ke li +venu_, I order that he come (him to come); _mi tre deziris, ke li vivu_, +I very much wanted him to live; _ili intencis, ke ni perdu_, they +intended us to lose. Here the actual expressions used were: _li venu_, +_li vivu_, _ili perdu_. + + +Use of Conditional after _Se_. + + _Se vi tiel diris, vi malprave faris_, if you spoke thus you did + wrongly. + _Se vi tiel dirus, vi estus malprava_, if you said (were to say) thus, + you would be wrong. + _Se vi venos, vi vidos_, if you (will) come, you will see. + + +Interjections. + +The following are the principal INTERJECTIONS: + + _adiaux!_ adieu! farewell! + _ah!_ ah! + _antauxen!_ forward! + _atentu!_ look out! + _bis!_ encore! + _bone!_ good! + _certe!_ certainly! + _cxu ne?_ or _cxu ne vere?_ is not that so? + _cxu vere?_ is that so? + _efektive!_ indeed! + _fi!_ fie! + _for!_ away! be off! + _ha!_ ha! + _halt!_ halt! + _he!_ hey! halloo! + _ho!_ oh! + _ho ve!_ alas! + _hontinde!_ shameful! + _jen!_ there! + _kompreneble!_ naturally! of course! + _ne!_ no! + _neeble!_ impossible! + _nu!_ well! + _rapide!_ quick! + _rapidu!_ hurry up! + + +Formation of Words. + +In Esperanto, considerable use is made of prefixes and suffixes, every +one of which has a clear, fixed meaning. Great economy of vocabulary is +thus effected, one root-word in Esperanto sufficing, when modified by +suitable affixes, to translate many English words. Many of the affixes +are often met with as single words. In such cases the English +translation is added after the various examples of the affix in +question. + + +Prefixes. + +*bo-* denotes RELATIONSHIP BY MARRIAGE: _patro_, father, _bopatro_, +father-in-law; _filo_, son, _bofilo_, son-in-law. + +*dis-* denotes SEPARATION: _jxeti_, to throw, _disjxeti_, to scatter, +throw about; _peli_, to drive along, _dispeli_, to dispel, _fali_, to +fall, _disfali_, to fall apart, fall to pieces. + +*ek-* denotes a BEGINNING OF AN ACTION, a MOMENTARY ACTION: _iri_, to +go, _ekiri_, to begin to go, to start; _brili_, to shine, _ekbrili_, to +begin to shine, to flash. + +*ge-* denotes the TWO SEXES TAKEN TOGETHER: _patro_, father, _gepatroj_, +father and mother, parents; _frato_, brother, _gefratoj_, brother(s) and +sister(s); _Gesinjoroj B._, Mr. and Mrs. B. + +*mal-* denotes the OPPOSITE OF AN IDEA: _bona_, good, _malbona_, bad; +_sxati_, to like, _malsxati_, to dislike; _amiko_, friend, _malamiko_, +enemy; _lauxta_, loud, _mallauxte_, softly.--_Malo_, an opposite; +_male_, on the contrary. + +*pra-* is a prefix of RELATIONSHIP, corresponding to the English FORE-, +GREAT-: _patro_, father, _prapatro_, forefather, ancestor; _avo_, +grandfather; _praavo_, great-grandfather; _nepo_, grandson, _pranepo_, +great-grandson. + +*re-* denotes RETURN AND REPETITION: _iri_, to go, _reiri_, to go back, +or to go again; _repreni_, to take back; _revidi_, to see again.--_Ree_, +again. + + +Suffixes. + +*-acx* denotes that a word is used in a BAD SENSE, with DISPARAGEMENT: +_domo_, a house, _domacxo_, a hovel; _ridi_, to laugh, _ridacxi_, to +sneer. + +*-ad* denotes CONTINUATION OR DURATION of an action: _paroli_, to speak, +_paroladi_, to make a speech; _kanto_, a song, _kantado_, singing; +_vojagxo_, a voyage, _vojagxado_, travelling; _rido_, a laugh, _ridado_, +laughter. + +*-ajx* denotes some CONCRETE THING characterized by the idea contained +in the root: _bela_, beautiful, _belajxo_, a beautiful thing; _nutri_, +to feed, nourish, _nutrajxo_ (or _nutrantajxo_), food; _gxentila_, +polite, _gxentilajxo_, a polite act, act of politeness; _bovo_, ox, +_bovajxo_, beef.--_Ajxo_, a thing. + +*-an* denotes a PARTISAN OF, a MEMBER, an INHABITANT: _Kristo_, Christ, +_Kristano_, a Christian; _eklezio_, a church, _ekleziano_, a churchman; +_Londonano_, a Londoner.--_Ano_, a member. + +*-ar* denotes a COLLECTION OF, a NUMBER OF: _arbo_, tree, _arbaro_, a +forest; _homo_, a human being, _homaro_, mankind; _vorto_, a word, +_vortaro_, a dictionary.--_Aro_, a collection, number, gathering. + +*-cxj* added to the first two to five letters of a word, is used to +denote MASCULINE DIMINUTIVES OF ENDEARMENT: _Johano_, John, _Jocxjo_, +Jack; _patro_, father, _pacxjo_, papa, daddy. + +*-ebl* denotes POSSIBILITY, and corresponds to the English suffixes +-ABLE, -IBLE: _kredi_, to believe, _kredebla_, credible; _videbla_, +visible; _al_, to, _iri_, to go, _alirebla_, accessible. + +*-ec* denotes ABSTRACT IDEAS, QUALITIES and corresponds to the English +suffixes -NESS, -SHIP, etc.: _felicxa_, happy, _felicxeco_, happiness; +_alta_, high, _alteco_, height; _regxo_, king, _regxeco_, kingship. + +*-eg* denotes AUGMENTATION, INTENSITY OF DEGREE: _granda_, big, great, +_grandega_, enormous; _bela_, beautiful, _belega_, magnificent; +_sxtono_, stone, _sxtonego_, rock; _pafilo_, a gun, _pafilego_, cannon. + +*-ej* denotes a PLACE SPECIALLY SET APART FOR or allotted to: _pregxi_, +to pray, _pregxejo_, church; _mangxi_, to eat, _mangxejo_, refectory; +_kuirejo_, kitchen; _enirejo_, entrance; _elirejo_, exit. + +*-em* denotes PROPENSITY, INCLINATION, DISPOSITION: _paroli_, to talk, +_parolema_, talkative; _mensogi_, to lie, _mensogema_, untruthful. + +*-er* denotes an ELEMENT OF, a UNIT, a GRAIN: _polvo_, dust, _polvero_, +a grain of dust; _fajrero_, a spark; _hajlero_, hailstone; _mono_, +money, _monero_, a coin.--_Ero_, particle, grain, element. + +*-estr* denotes a CHIEF, LEADER, HEAD: _regno_, state; _regnestro_, head +of the state, ruler; _lernejo_, school, _lernejestro_, +head-master.--_Estro_, leader, chief; _estraro_, the authorities; +_estri_, to act as chief. + +*-id* denotes a DESCENDANT, OFFSPRING, YOUNG OF: _bovo_, ox, _bovido_, +calf; _sxafo_, a sheep, _sxafido_, lamb; _Izraelido_, Israelite; _la +homidoj_, the sons of man; _Sro. Brown kaj la Brownidoj_, Mr. Brown and +the little Browns.--_Ido_, a descendant, child; _idaro_, descendants, +offspring. + +*-et* denotes DIMINUTION OF DEGREE (compare _-eg_ above): _bela_, +beautiful, _beleta_, pretty; _venteto_, breeze; _ridi_, to laugh, +_rideti_, to smile; _bona_, good, _boneta_, fairly good, +mediocre.--_Eta_, tiny. + +*-ig* denotes a MAKING, RENDERING, CAUSING TO BE: _granda_, great, +_grandigi_, to enlarge; _venigi kuraciston_, to send for (cause to come) +a doctor; _halti_, to stop (intr.), _haltigi_, to stop (tr.); _trancxigi +al si la harojn_, to get one's hair cut.--_Igi_, to make, render. + +*-igx* denotes a BECOMING, GETTING, GROWING, BEING MADE: _hela_, bright, +_heligxi_, to grow or become bright; _rugxa_, red, _rugxigxi_, to +redden, blush; _disigxi_, to separate (intr.).--_Igxi_, to become. + +With transitive verbs _igx-_ is used to make intransitive verbs, thus: +_renversi_, to overthrow, turn upside down, _renversigxi_, to turn +(intr.) upside down, to get overthrown; _fari_, to make, _farigxi_, to +become; _perdigxi_, to get lost; _vidigxi_, to be seen. + +Used with intransitive verbs, _igx-_ gives the idea of a becoming, a +GRADUAL TRANSITION from one state to another: _morti_, to die, +_mortigxi_, to become dead, to die away, to expire; _sidi_, to be +seated, _sidigxi_, to become seated, to sit down. + +NOTE that, since verbs in _-igx_ are of necessity intransitive, their +participles should only be used in the ACTIVE FORM. Thus: +_renversigx_*inta*, having become overthrown, and not _renversigx_*ita*; +_perdigx_*inta*, having become lost, not _perdigx_*ita*; and so on. One +might of course simply say _renversita_, overthrown, and _perdita_, +lost, though the meaning would in that case not be quite the same. + +*-il* denotes an INSTRUMENT, TOOL, or MEANS: _trancxi_, to cut, +_trancxilo_, a knife; _filtri_, to filter, _filtrilo_, a filter; _teni_, +to hold, _tenilo_, a handle.--_Ilo_, tool, instrument; _ilaro_, set of +tools. + +*-ind* denotes WORTHINESS (English -WORTHY): _lauxdi_, to praise, +_lauxdinda_, praiseworthy; _vidinda_, worth seeing, _vidindajxoj_, +things worth seeing, sights.--_Inda (je)_, worthy (of); _indeco_, +worthiness. + +*-ing* denotes the HOLDER OF A SINGLE OBJECT (compare _-uj_ below): +_plumo_, pen, _plumingo_, penholder; _fingro_, finger, _fingringo_, +thimble; _cigaringo_, cigar-holder.--_Ingo_, a socket, holder. + +*-in* denotes FEMININES: _viro_, a man, _virino_, a woman; _patro_, +father, _patrino_, mother.--_Ino_, a female. + +*-ist* denotes TRADE, OCCUPATION, PROFESSION: _labori_, to work, +_laboristo_, workman; _kuraci_, to treat (medically), _kuracisto_, +doctor. + +*-nj* added to the first two to five letters of a word, is used to form +FEMININE DIMINUTIVES OF ENDEARMENT (compare _-cxj_ above): _Johanino_, +Jane, _Johanjo_, Jenny; _patrino_, mother, _panjo_, mamma. + +*-uj* denotes a RECEPTACLE which contains or bears a COLLECTION OR A +QUANTITY of things or material (compare _-ing_ above): _mono_, money, +_monujo_, purse; _inko_, ink, _inkujo_, inkstand.--_Ujo_, a utensil +case, bin. + +The suffix _-uj_ is also used to denote TREES bearing certain fruits: +_pomo_, apple, _pomujo_, apple-tree; _cxerizujo_, cherry-tree; _rozujo_, +rose-bush. The word _arbo_, however, is more frequently used in such +cases: _pomarbo_, _rozarbeto_, etc. + +_-Uj_ is also used to denote the NAMES OF COUNTRIES: _Anglo_, +Englishman, _Anglujo_, England; _Franco_, a Frenchman, _Francujo_, +France. (See footnote 4.) + +*-ul* denotes a BEING CHARACTERISED BY THE IDEA CONTAINED IN THE +ROOT-WORD: _bela_, beautiful, _belulino_, a beautiful woman, a beauty; +_kulpo_, blame, _kulpulo_, culprit; _lauxdindulo_, one worthy to be +praised; _bonulo_, a good fellow; _bonegulo_, a jolly good fellow. + +*-um* is an INDEFINITE SUFFIX, like the word _je_ among the +prepositions, Thus: _pleni_, to fill, _plenumi_, to fulfil (compare +_plenigi_, to fill); _kolo_, neck, _kolumo_, collar; _aero_, air, +_aerumi_, to air (a room, clothes, etc.). + +[Words containing _-um_ should be learnt as independent roots.] + + +Compound Words. + +In Esperanto, any word can be combined with any other word or words to +form a compound word. Considerable use is made of prepositions for this +purpose. The requisite grammatical ending must of course be added in +each case. The student should carefully study the following words, and +also those given above, and endeavour to form words for himself.[9] +Ability to form words readily is absolutely necessary to fluent speech +or composition in the language. In the examples given below the +component parts of the words are separated by a small stroke ('), but +these are of course omitted in ordinary usage: + + _El'iri_, to go out + _antaux'cxambro_, antechamber + _pri'pensi_, to think over, reflect upon + _preter'pasxi_, to pass by + _per'labori_, to earn (gain by working) + _per'forto_, violence + _tra'vivi_, to live through, experience + _supre'n'iri_, to go up, ascend + _inter'rompi_, to interrupt + _kun'veno_, an assembly, meeting + _al'paroli_, to address, accost + _inter'rilati_, to relate one with another + _inter'rilatoj_, inter-relations + _inter'nacia_, international + _skrib(o)'tablo_, writing-table + _dorm(o)'cxambro_, bedroom + _naz'tuko_, handkerchief + _ter'tremo_, earthquake + _glit'iri_, to skate + _glit'veturilo_, a sleigh + _pied'ir'anto_, a pedestrian + _bru'fermi_, to slam + _facil'mova_, agile, easy-moving + _hom'amo_, philanthropy + _bon'far'anto_, benefactor + _strat'lanterno_, street-lamp + _bot'far'isto_, bootmaker + _sam'profesi'anoj_, members of the same profession + _cxio'potenca_, all-powerful + _libr'amanto_, a book-lover + _doktor'edzino_, doctor's wife + _mon'akir'ilo_, a means of getting money + _cxio'n'faranta_, all-doing + _alt'anima_, high-souled + _vivi'pova_, capable of life + _ali'landulo_, foreigner + _ali'maniere_, in another way + _tiu'speca_, of that kind + + +CORRELATIVE WORDS. + + INDEFINITE |Interrog. Rel. |Demonstrative |Distributive |Negative + | K | T | CX | NEN + QUALITY---------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IA | KIA | TIA | CXIA | NENIA + Some (kind of) |What (sort |That sort of |Each kind of |No (kind + Any (kind of) |of)? |Such (a) |Every (kind |of) + | | |of) | + REASON----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IAL | KIAL | TIAL | CXIAL | NENIAL + For some |For what |For that |For every |For no + reason. For |reason? Why? |reason |reason. On |reason. On + any reason | |Therefore |every account |no account + TIME------------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IAM | KIAM | TIAM | CXIAM | NENIAM + At some time |At what time? |At that time |At all times |At no time + Sometimes, |When? |Then |Always, each |Never + ever | | |time | + PLACE-----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IE | KIE | TIE | CXIE | NENIE + At any place |At what place? |In that place |At each place |At no place + Somewhere |Where? |There |Everywhere |Nowhere + MANNER----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IEL | KIEL | TIEL | CXIEL | NENIEL + In some way |In what way? |In that way |In every way |In no way + anyhow |How? Like, as |So, thus, as |In each way |Nohow + POSSESSION------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IES | KIES | TIES | CXIES | NENIES + Somebody's |Whose? |That one's |Everyone's |Nobody's + Anybody's |What person's? |That person's |Each one's |No one's + THING-----------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IO | KIO | TIO | CXIO | NENIO + Something |What (thing)? |That (thing) |All |Nothing + Anything | | |Everything |Nought + QUANTITY--------+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IOM | KIOM | TIOM | CXIOM | NENIOM + Some |How much? |So much |All |None + A little |What Quantity? |That quantity |The whole | + | | |quantity | + INDIVIDUALITY---+---------------+--------------+--------------+----------- + IU | KIU | TIU | CXIU | NENIU + Anyone |What person? |That one |Everyone, |Nobody + | | |every |No one + + + + +CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND SENTENCES. + + +38. Useful and Necessary Expressions. (_Utilaj kaj Necesaj Esprimoj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Do you speak | _Cxu vi parolas angle?_ | choo vee pahro'lahss + English? | | ahn'gleh? + I do not speak | _Mi ne parolas angle._ | mee neh pahro'lahss + English. | | ahn'gleh + Is there anyone | _Cxu estas cxi tie iu_, | choo eh'stahss chee + here who speaks | _kiu parolas | tee'eh ee'oo, kee'oo + Esperanto? | Esperante?_ | pahro'lahss + | | espehrahn'teh? + How long have you | _Dum kiom da tempo vi | doom kee'ohm dah + learnt? | lernadis?_ | tehm'po vi + | | lehrnah'deess? + A short time only | _Dum nur mallonga | doom noor mahl-lohn'gah + | tempo_ | tehmpo + You have a good | _Vi havas bonan | vee ha'vahss boh'nahn + accent | akcenton_ | ahk-tsehn'ton + I find the | _Mi trovas la | mee tro'vahss lah + pronunciation | elparoladon tre | ehl-parolah'dohn treh + very easy | facila_ | faht-see'lah + If you please | _Se placxas_ | seh plah'chahss + Thank you; thanks! | _Mi dankas; dankon!_ | mee dahn'kahss; + | | dahn'kohn! + I thank you | _Mi dankas vin_ | mee dahn'kahss veen + Much obliged | _Vi estas tre kompleza_ | vee eh'stahss treh + | | kohmpleh'zah + Have the goodness | _Havu la bonecon_ | hah'voo lah + | | bo-neht'sohn + Yes, sir | _Jes, sinjoro_ | yehss, seen-yoh'roh + Yes, miss | _Jes, frauxlino_ | yehss, frahw-lee'no + No, madam | _Ne, sinjorino_ | neh, seen-yoh-ree'no + Allow me | _Permesu (min)_ | pehrmeh'soo (meen) + Bring me | _Alportu al mi_ | ahlpohr'too ahl mee + Do you understand? | _Cxu vi komprenas?_ | choo vee + | | kohmpreh'nahss? + I do not | _Mi ne komprenas_ | mee neh kohm-preh'nahss + understand | | + I understand | _Mi komprenas_ | mee kohm-preh'nahss + Give me | _Donu al mi_ | doh'noo ahl mee + Send me | _Sendu al mi_ | sehn'doo ahl mee + Tell me | _Diru al mi_ | deer'oo ahl mee + Will you kindly | _Cxu vi afable dirus al | choo vee ahfah'bleh + tell me? | mi?_ | deer'ooss ahl mee? + What do you say? | _Kion vi diras?_ | kee'ohn vee deer'ahss? + I beg your pardon | _Mi petas vian | mee peh'tahss vee'ahn + | pardonon_ | pahrdoh'nohn + Speak louder | _Parolu pli lauxte_ | pa-ro'loo plee + | | lah'w-teh + What did you ask? | _Kion vi demandis?_ | kee'ohn vee + | | deh-mahn'deess? + What does it | _Kion tio signifas?_ | kee'ohn tee'oh + signify? | | signee'fahss? + It is nothing | _(Gxi) estas nenio_ | (jee) eh'stahss + | | neh-nee'o + It is all the same | _Estas por mi | ehstahss pohr mee + to me | indiferente_ | indifehrehn'teh + Never mind | _Ne zorgu pri tio_ | neh zor'goo pree tee'oh + What is the | _Kio estas?_ | kee'oh eh'stahss? + matter? | | + Nothing | _Nenio_ | nehnee'oh + It is all a | _Estas pura eraro_ | eh'stahss poor'ah + mistake | | ehrahr'oh + What is it about? | _Pri kio estas?_ | pree kee'oh eh'stahss? + What is to be | _Kion fari?_ | kee'ohn fahr'ee? + done? | | + I haven't a notion | _Mi tute ne scias_ | mee too'teh neh + | | stsee'ahs + That depends | _Tio dependas_ | tee'oh dehpehn'dahss + I don't believe it | _Mi ne kredas gxin_ | mee neh kred'ahss jeen + Of course | _Kompreneble_ | kohmpreh-neh'bleh + On the contrary | _Kontrauxe_ | kohntrah'weh + Once for all | _Unu fojon por cxiam_ | oonoo foyohn por + | | chee'ahm + After all | _Kiam cxio estas | kee'ahm chee'oh + | konsiderita_ | eh'stahss + | | kohn-seedeh-ree'tah + That is of no | _Tio ne estas grava_ | tee'oh neh eh'stahss + consequence | | grah'vah + The other day | _La alian tagon_ | lah ahlee'ahn tah'gohn + At the end of a | _Post unu jaro_ | post oo'noo yah'ro + year | | + Between ourselves | _Inter ni_ | in'tehr nee + Everybody knows | _Cxiu scias_ | chee'oo stsee'ahss + I remember it | _Mi memoras tion_ | mee meh-mohr'ahss + | | tee'ohn + All at once | _Subite_ | soobee'teh + Sooner or later | _Frue aux malfrue_ | froo'eh ahw mahlfroo'eh + Ever so little | _Tre tre malmulte_ | treh treh mahl-mool'teh + You are joking | _Vi sxercas_ | vee shehrt'sahss + You are right | _Vi estas prava_ | vee eh'stahss pra'vah + Leave me alone | _Lasu min trankvila_ | lahsoo meen + | | trahnkvee'lah + Don't be angry | _Ne koleru_ | neh ko-lehr'oo + So much the more | _Tiom pli_ | tee'ohm plee + For want of time | _Pro manko de tempo_ | pro mahn'ko deh tehm'po + Take this | _Prenu tion_ | preh'noo tee'ohn + Make haste! | _Rapidu!_ | rahpee'doo! + Come along! | _Venu!_ | veh'noo! + Take care! | _Zorge!_ | zohr'gheh! + Look out! | _Atentu!_ | ahtehn'too! + Listen! | _Auxskultu!_ | ahw-skool'too! + Come in! | _Eniru!_ | ehneer'oo! + (Come) here! | _(Venu) tien cxi!_ | (veh'noo) tee'ehn chee! + Go away! | _Foriru!_ | for-eer'oo! + This way | _Tien cxi_ | tee'ehn chee + That way | _Tien_ | tee'ehn + Too soon | _Tro frue_ | tro froo'eh + Too late | _Tro malfrue_ | tro mahl-froo'eh + Who is it calls | _Kiu min vokas?_ | kee'oo meen vo'kahss? + me? | | + What do you want? | _Kion vi volas?_ | kee'ohn vee vo'lahss? + Would you kindly? | _Cxu vi afable...?_ | choo vee ahfah'bleh...? + Do your best | _Faru vian eblon_ | fahroo vee'ahn eh'blohn + It only depends | _Tio dependas nur de | tee'oh dehpehn'dahss + upon you | vi_ | noor deh vee + With all my heart | _Kun mia tuta koro_ | koon mee'ah too'tah + | | kohr'oh + I am going to town | _Mi iras urbon_ | mee eer'ahss oor'bohn + Are we going | _Cxu ni ien iras?_ | choo nee ee'ehn + anywhere? | | eer'ahss? + Where have you | _De kie vi venis?_ | deh kee'eh vee + come from? | | veh'neess? + Don't go away | _Ne foriru_ | neh for-eer'oo + I shall go home | _Mi iros hejmen_ | mee eer'ohss heh'y-mehn + He has come back | _Li revenis_ | lee rehveh'neess + He has just come | _Li jxus eniris_ | lee zhooss ehneer'eess + in | | + On horseback | _Surcxevale_ | soor-chehvah'leh + From top to bottom | _De supre gxis | deh soo'preh jees + | malsupre_ | mahl-soo'preh + Upstairs | _Supre_ | soo'preh + Downstairs | _Malsupre_ | mahl-soo'preh + In some way or | _Iel_ | ee'ehl + other | | + In the meantime | _Intertempe_ | in'tehr-tehm'peh + First of all | _Unue_ | oonoo'eh + That is just like | _Jen ja via maniero!_ | yehn yah vee'ah + you! | | mah-nee-ehr'oh! + It is not my fault | _Mi ne estas kulpa pri | mee neh eh'stahss + | tio_ | kool'pah pree tee'oh + That is what vexes | _Jen kio min kolerigas_ | yehn kee'oh meen + me | | kol-ehree'gahss + Don't imagine | _Ne imagu (al vi), | neh imah'goo (ahl vee), + that... | ke..._ | keh... + What good is it? | _Kion (gxi) utilas?_ | kee'ohn jee + | | ootee'lahss? + Where was I? | _Kie mi estis?_ | kee'eh mee eh'steess? + As for me | _Pri mi mem_ | pree mee mehm + He began to laugh | _Li komencis ridi_ | lee komehnt'seess + | | ree'dee + I cannot see any | _Mi ne plu povas vidi_ | mee neh ploo po'vahss + longer | | vee'dee + Three are enough | _Tri suficxas por mi_ | tree soofee'chahss pohr + for me | | mee + One is as good as | _Unu estas tiel bona, | oo'noo eh'stahss + the other | kiel la alia_ | tee'ehl bo'nah, + | | kee'ehl la ah-lee'ah + Will you give me? | _Cxu vi donos al mi?_ | choo vee doh'nohss ahl + | | mee? + Everything | _Post plena | post pleh'nah + considered | konsiderado_ | konsid-eh-rah'doh + I can do without | _Gxi ne estas nepre | jee neh eh'stahss + it | necesa_ | neh'preh nehtseh'sah + I have been told | _Oni diris al mi_ | o'nee deer'eess ahl mee + I have come to | _Mi venis por diri al | mee veh'neess por + tell you | vi_ | deer'ee ahl vee + I am sure of it | _Mi estas certa pri | mee eh'stahss tsehr'tah + | tio_ | pree tee'oh + I don't think much | _Mi ne multe sxatas | mee neh mool'teh + of it | gxin_ | shah'tahss jeen + I have nothing to | _Mi havas nenion por | mee hah'vahss + say against it | diri kontraux gxi_ | nehnee'ohn pohr + | | deeree kohn-trahw jee + As much as I can | _Tiom, kiom mi povas_ | tee'ohm, kee'ohm mee + | | po'vahss + I like being here | _Mi sxatas esti tie | mee shah'tahss eh'stee + | cxi_ | tee'eh chee + That comes to the | _Tio estas la sama | tee'oh eh'stahss la + same thing | afero_ | sahmah ahfeh'ro + It answers the | _Gxi tauxgas por la | jee tah'w-gahss pohr la + purpose | celo_ | tseh'lo + I value it very | _Mi tre alte taksas | mee treh ahl'teh + much | gxin_ | tahk'sahss jeen + I cannot do it | _Mi ne povas fari gxin_ | mee neh po'vahss + | | fahr'ee jeen + I am used to it | _Mi kutimas tion_ | mee kootee'mahss + | | tee'ohn + + +39. Expressions of Emotion, etc. (_Esprimoj de Emocio, k.t.p._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + What is it? | _Kio estas?_ | kee'oh eh'stahss? + Is it possible? | _Cxu (estas) eble?_ | choo (eh'stahss) + | | eh'bleh? + Indeed! | _Cxu vere!_ | choo vehr'eh! + That is impossible | _Tio estas neebla_ | tee'oh eh'stahss + | | neh-eh'blah + That cannot be | _Tio ne povas esti_ | tee'oh neh po'vahss + | | eh'stee + I am sorry for it | _Mi bedauxras tion_ | mee behdahw'rahss + | | tee'ohn + You surprise me | _Vi surprizas min_ | vee soorpree'zahss min + Oh, it's nothing! | _Oh, estas nenio!_ | oh, eh'stahss + | | nehnee'oh! + I am quite vexed | _Mi estas efektive | mee eh'stahss + about it | kolera pri gxi_ | ehfektee'veh + | | ko-lehr'ah pree jee + How vexing! | _Kiel malagrable!_ | kee'ehl + | | mahlah-grah'bleh! + I am sorry | _Mi tre bedauxras_ | mee treh + | | beh-dah'w-rahss + What a pity! | _Kiel domagxe!_ | kee'ehl domah'jeh! + It is a sad thing | _Malgxoje estas_ | mahl-jo'yeh eh'stahss + I am very glad | _Mi tre gxojas_ | mee treh jo'yahss + It gives me much | _Tio faras al mi multe | tee'oh fah'rahss ahl + pleasure | da plezuro_ | mee mool'teh dah + | | pleh-zoor'oh + How beautiful! | _Kiel bela!_ | kee'ehl beh'lah! + What a shame! | _Kia honto!_ | kee'ah hohn'toh! + How could you do | _Kiel vi povis tiel | kee'ehl vee po'veess + so? | fari?_ | tee'ehl fah'ree? + I am ashamed of | _Mi hontas pri vi_ | mee hohn'tahss pree vee + you | | + For shame! | _Hontinde!_ | hohnteen'deh! + You are very much | _Vi estas tre kulpa_ | vee eh'stahss treh + to blame | | kool'pa + Don't apologise | _Ne petu pardonon_ | neh peh'too + | | pahr-dohn'ohn + I beg (your) | _Mi petas (vian) | mee peh'tahss (vee'ahn) + pardon | pardonon_ | pahr-doh'nohn + Pray don't mention | _Ne parolu pri tio, mi | neh pahro'loo pree + it | petas_ | tee'oh, mee peh'tahss + + +40. Enquiries. (_Demandoj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Will you | _Cxu vi afable...?_ | choo vee ahfah'bleh...? + kindly...? | | + Do you understand | _Cxu vi min komprenas?_ | choo vee meen + me? | | kohm-preh'nahss? + Do you hear me? | _Cxu vi auxdas min?_ | choo vee ah'w-dahss + | | meen? + What is that? | _Kio estas tio?_ | kee'oh eh'stahss + | | tee'oh? + What do you mean? | _Kion vi volas diri?_ | kee'ohn vee vo'lahss + | | deer'ee? + Are you sure? | _Cxu vi estas certa?_ | choo vee eh'stahss + | | tsehr'tah? + Can I speak to | _Cxu mi povas paroli al | choo mee po'vahss + (see) Mr. A.? | (vidi) Sinjoro(n) | pah-ro'lee ahl + | A.?_ | (vee'dee) + | | seen-yohr'oh(n) A.? + When does he | _Kiam li revenos?_ | kee'ahm lee + return? | | rehveh'nohss? + Where is...? | _Kie estas...?_ | kee'eh eh'stahss...? + What do you call | _Kiel vi nomas tion?_ | kee'ehl vee no'mahss + that? | | tee'ohn? + What does that | _Kion tio signifas?_ | kee'ohn tee'oh + mean? | | signee'fahss? + What is that for? | _Por kio estas tio?_ | pohr kee'oh eh'stahss + | | tee'oh? + Who is that? | _Kiu estas tiu?_ | kee'oo eh'stahss + | | tee'oo? + Who is there? | _Kiu estas tie?_ | kee'oo eh'stahss + | | tee'eh? + Is that Mr. A.? | _Cxu tiu estas Sinjoro | choo tee'oo eh'stahss + | A.?_ | seenyohr'oh A.? + Which is the way | _Kiu estas la vojo | kee'oo eh'stahss la + to...? | al...?_ | vo'yo ahl...? + How can I get | _Kiel mi povas iri | kee'ehl mee po'vahss + to...? | al...?_ | eer'ee ahl...? + Is there a | _Cxu estas veturilo?_ | choo ehstahss + conveyance? | | veh-toor-ee'lo? + + +41. Public Notices. (_Publikaj Avizoj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Apartments to let | _Luebla apartamento_ | loo-eh'blah + | | apart-ah-mehn'toh + Dogs not admitted | _Hundoj malpermesataj_ | hoon'doy + | | mahlpehrmehsah'tahy + Entrance; exit | _Enirejo; elirejo_ | ehneereh'yo; + | | eleereh'yoh. + Fire alarm | _Fajravertilo_ | fire-ahvehr-tee'lo + Free library | _Senpaga biblioteko_ | sehnpah'gah + | | beebleeoh-teh'ko + Furnished rooms | _Meblitaj cxambroj_ | mehblee'tahy chahm'broy + Knock; ring | _Frapu; sonorigu_ | frah'poo; so-nohree'goo + No admittance | _Eniro estas | ehneer'oh eh'stahss + | malpermesata_ | mahlpehr-mehsah'tah + No road | _Trairo malpermesata_ | trah-eer'oh + | | mahlpehr-mehsah'tah + Keep off the grass | _Ne iru sur la herbo_ | neh eer'oo soor lah + | | hehr'boh + Refreshments | _Bufedo_ | boo-feh'doh + No smoking allowed | _Estas malpermesate | estahss + | fumi_ | mahlpehr-meh-sah'teh + | | foo'mee + Notice | _Avizo_ | ahvee'zo + Please do not | _Oni volu ne tusxi_ | oh'nee vo'loo neh + touch | | too'shee + Please wipe your | _Oni estas petata visxi | ohnee ehstahss + feet | la piedojn_ | pehtah'tah, vee'shee + | | lah pee-eh'doyn + Private | _Privata_ | pree-vah'tah + Pull; push | _Tiru; pusxu_ | teer'oo; poo'shoo + Road closed | _Vojo fermita_ | vo'yo fehrmee'tah + Unfurnished rooms | _Senmeblaj cxambroj_ | sen-meh'blahy + to let | | chahm'broy + Warning; caution | _Averto; atentu_ | ahvehr'toh; ahtehn'too + Danger(ous) | _Dangxero_ | dahn-jehr'oh + + +42. Travelling: By Railway. (_Veturado: per la Fervojo._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 19.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + To the...station | _Al la...stacio_ | ahl lah...staht-see'oh + Get my luggage; | _Alportu miajn | ahlpohr'too mee'ahyn + here is the | pakajxojn; jen la | pakah'zhoyn; yehn lah + ticket | bileto_ | beeleh'toh + Here is my luggage | _Jen miaj pakajxoj_ | yehn mee'ahy pakah'zhoy + Take it to the | _Portu ilin al la | pohr'too eeleen ahl la + cloakroom | deponejo_ | dehponeh'yo + I wish to register | _Mi deziras registri | mee dehzeer'ahss + my luggage | miajn pakajxojn | reh-ghis'tree + for... | al..._ | mee'ahyn pakah'zhoyn + | | ahl... + The luggage is | _La pakajxoj estas | lah pakah'zhoy ehstahss + overweight | preter la pezo | preh'tehr lah peh'zo + | permesata_ | pehr-mehsah'tah + Where is the | _Kie estas la fervoja | kee'eh eh'stahss lah + railway-station? | stacio?_ | fehrvo'yah + | | staht-see'oh? + -- booking-office? | -- _biletejo?_ | -- beeleh-teh'yo? + -- enquiry office? | -- _informejo?_ | -- infohrmeh'yo? + -- ladies' | -- _atendejo de l' | -- ahtehn-deh'yo dehl + waiting-room? | sinjorinoj?_ | seenyohree'noy? + -- refreshment | -- _bufedo?_ | -- boofeh'doh? + room? | | + -- lavatory | -- _necesejo?_ | -- neht-sehseh'yo? + (w.c.)? | | + -- train for...? | -- _vagonaro al...?_ | -- vahgo-nah'roh + | | ahl...? + Are you going by | _Cxu vi veturos per la | choo vee vehtoor'ohss + the express? | ekspreso?_ | pehr la ekspreh'so? + When does the | _Kiam ekveturos la | kee'ahm ekvehtoor'ohss + train start? | vagonaro?_ | lah vahgo-nahr'oh? + Show me the | _Montru al mi la | mohn'troo ahl mee la + timetable | horlibron_ | hohr-lee'brohn + Can I book through | _Cxu mi povas havi | choo mee po'vahss + to...? | bileton rekte al...?_ | hah'vee beeleh'tohn + | | rek'teh ahl...? + I want a | _Mi deziras unuaklasan | mee dehzeer'ahss + first-class | bileton al..._ | oon-oo'ah-klah'sahn + (ticket) to... | | bee-leh'tohn ahl... + Second return, | _Duaklasan iro-reiran, | doo'ah-klah'sahn + Paris | Parizo_ | eer'o-reh-eer'ahn, + | | pahree'zo + Two third singles, | _Du triaklasajn | doo tree'ah-klah'sahyn + Rome | irbiletojn, Romo_ | eer-beeleh'toyn, + | | ro'mo + One-and-a-half | _Unu kaj duonon_ | oonoo kahy doo-oh'nohn + What is the fare | _Kiom kostas la veturo | kee'ohm ko'stahss la + to Bonn? | al Bonno?_ | vehtoor'oh ahl bonno? + What class, sir? | _Kiu klaso, sinjoro?_ | kee'oh klah'so, + | | seen-yohr'oh? + How much is it? | _Kiom estas?_ | kee'ohm eh'stahss? + We want a sleeping | _Ni deziras dormkupeon_ | nee dehzeer'ahss + carriage | | dorm-koopeh'ohn + -- a corridor | -- _koridoran vagonon_ | -- koridor'ahn + carriage | | vahgo'nohn + -- a carriage for | -- _kupeon rezervitan | -- koopeh'ohn + ladies | al sinjorinoj_ | rehzehrvee'tahn ahl + | | seenyoree'noy + -- a smoking | -- _kupeon por | -- koopeh'ohn pohr + compartment | fumantoj_ | foo-mahn'toy + -- a non-smoking | -- _kupeon por | -- koopeh'ohn pohr + compartment | nefumantoj_ | neh-foomahn'toy + -- platform | -- _peronbiletojn_ | -- pehrohn'beeleh'toyn + tickets | | + Is this the train | _Cxu tiu cxi estas la | choo tee'oo chee + for...? | vagonaro por...?_ | eh'stahss lah + | | vahgonahr'o pohr...? + Do I change | _Cxu mi devos | choo mee deh'vohss + anywhere on the | vagonsxangxi dum la | vah-gohn-shahn'jee + journey? | veturo?_ | doom la vehtoor'o? + Where must I | _Kie mi devas | kee'eh mee deh'vahss + change for...? | vagonsxangxi por...?_ | vahgohn-shahn'jee + | | por...? + Is this seat | _Cxu tiu cxi loko estas | choo tee'oo chee lo'ko + engaged? | okupita?_ | eh'stahss + | | okoopee'tah? + There is no room | _Ne estas loko_ | neh eh'stahss lo'ko + The train is just | _La vagonaro tuj | la vahgo-nahr'o too'y + going to start | ekveturos_ | ehk-veh-toor'ohss + Call the guard | _Alvoku la konduktoron_ | ahlvo'koo lah + | | kondooktohr'ohn + Open the window | _Malfermu la fenestron_ | mahlfehr'moo la + | | fehneh'strohn + Close the door | _Fermu la pordon_ | fehr'moo la pohr'dohn + Here is a station | _Jen estas stacio_ | yehn eh'stahss + | | stahtsee'oh + Do we stop here? | _Cxu ni haltas cxi | choo nee hahl'tahss + | tie?_ | chee tee'eh? + Do we get out | _Cxu ni devas tie cxi | choo nee deh'vahss + here? | elvagonigxi?_ | tee'eh chee + | | ehlvahgonee'jee? + Do we change | _Cxu ni devas | choo nee deh'vahss + carriages here? | vagonsxangxi cxi | vahgohn'shahn-jee + | tie?_ | chee tee'eh? + How long do we | _Dum kiom da tempo ni | doom kee'ohm dah + stop here? | haltos cxi tie?_ | tehm'po nee + | | hahl'tohss chee + | | tee'eh? + Give up your | _Donu vian bileton_ | doh'noo vee'ahn + ticket | | beeleh'tohn + Here it is! | _Jen!_ | yehn! + My luggage is lost | _Miaj pakajxoj estas | mee'ahy pakah'zhoy + | perditaj_ | ehstahss pehrdee'tahy + Take your seats! | _Envagonigxu!_ | ehnvahgonee'joo! + Change for...! | _Vagonsxangxu por...!_ | vahgohn'shahnjoo + | | por...! + All change! | _Cxiuj elvagonigxu!_ | chee'oohy + | | ehlvah-gonee'joo! + Show your tickets | _Montru viajn biletojn_ | mohntroo vee'ahyn + | | beeleh'toyn + All tickets must | _Cxiu devas montri sian | chee'oo dehvahss + be shown | bileton_ | mohntree see'ahn + | | beeleh'tohn + Tickets, please | _La biletojn mi petas_ | la beeleh'toyn, mee + | | pehtahss + + +43. Travelling: By Steamer. (_Veturado: per Vaporsxipo._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 20.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Is this the boat | _Cxu tiu cxi estas la | choo tee'oo chee + for...? | sxipo por...?_ | eh'stahss la shee'po + | | por...? + Where is this boat | _Kien iras cxi tiu | kee'ehn eer'ahss chee + going? | sxipo?_ | tee'oo shee'po? + When do we start? | _Kiam ni ekveturos?_ | kee'ahm nee + | | ehkvehtoor'ohss? + When shall we | _Kiam ni alvenos?_ | kee'ahm nee + arrive? | | ahl-veh'nohss? + Time is up | _Estas la horo_ | eh'stass la hohr'o + Where is your | _Kie estas viaj | kee'eh eh'stahss + luggage? | pakajxoj?_ | vee'ahy pakah'zhoy? + Look for my things | _Sercxu miajn ajxojn_ | sehr'choo mee'ahyn + | | ah'zhoyn + There is another | _Estas ankoraux unu | eh'stahss ahnkohr'ahw + trunk | kofro_ | oo'noo ko'fro + Let us go down | _Ni malsupreniru en la | nee mahlsoo'prehneer'oo + into the cabin | kajuton_ | ehn la kahyoo'tohn + Where is my berth? | _Kie estas mia | kee'eh eh'stahss mee'ah + | dormujo?_ | dohr-moo'yo? + I want a cabin to | _Mi deziras kajuton por | mee dehzeer'ahss + myself | mi sola_ | kahyoo'tohn por mee + | | so'la + Is the sea smooth? | _Cxu la maro estas | choo la mah'ro ehstahss + | trankvila?_ | trahnk-vee'la? + The sea is rough | _La maro estas | la mah'ro estahss + | maltrankvila_ | mahltrahnk-vee'la + It is blowing a | _Ventegas_ | vehnteh'gahss + gale | | + I feel sick | _Mi sentas nauxzon_ | mee sehn'tahss + | | nahw'zohn + Can you get me | _Cxu vi povas havigi al | choo vee povahss + some tea? | mi iom da teo?_ | havee'ghee ahl mee + | | ee'ohm dah teh'oh? + Call the | _Alvoku la servistinon_ | ahlvo'koo la + stewardess | | sehrvistee'nohn + Where is the | _Kie estas la | kee'eh eh'stahss la + steward? | provizisto?_ | proveezist'o? + Where are we now? | _Kie ni estas nun?_ | kee'eh nee eh'stahss + | | noon? + We are nearly | _Ni preskaux alvenis_ | nee preh'skahw + there | | ahlveh'nees + Passengers are | _La pasagxeroj estas | la pahsah-jehr'oy + requested to | petataj, ne restadi | eh'stahss + keep clear of | sur la pasponteto_ | pehtah'tahy, neh + the gangway | | rehstah'dee soor la + | | pahss'pohnteh'toh + + +44. At the Custom House. (_Cxe la Doganejo._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Come to the | _Venu al la doganejo_ | veh'noo ahl la + custom-house | | doh-gahneh'yo + The custom-house | _La doganisto_ | lah doh-gahnist'oh + officer | | + Have you your | _Cxu vi havas vian | choo vee ha'vahss + passport? | pasporton?_ | veeahn pahsport'ohn? + Will you examine | _Cxu vi vizitos tiun | choo vee veezee'tohs + this trunk? | cxi kofron?_ | tee'oon chee + | | ko'frohn? + Here are the keys | _Jen la sxlosiloj_ | yehn la shlo-see'loy + Open it | _Malfermu gxin_ | mahl-fehr'moo jeen + Unlock this box | _Malfermu tiun cxi | mahl-fehr'moo tee'oo + | skatolon_ | chee skahtoh'lohn + Can I remove it? | _Cxu mi povas nun | choo mee po'vahss noon + | forporti gxin?_ | forport'ee jeen? + Have you anything | _Cxu vi havas ion | choo vee hah'vahss + to declare? | deklarindan?_ | ee'ohn + | | dehklarin'dahn? + I have nothing | _Mi havas nenion | mee hah'vahss + liable to duty | deklarindan_ | nehnee'ohn + | | dehklarin'dahn + Have you any | _Cxu vi havas tabakon | choo vee ha'vahss + tobacco or | aux cigarojn?_ | tahbah'kohn ahw + cigars? | | tsee-gah'royn? + I have a few | _Mi havas kelkajn | mee ha'vahss kehl'kahyn + cigars | cigarojn_ | tsee-gah'royn + Those are free | _Pri tiuj vi ne devas | pree tee'ooy vee neh + | pagi_ | deh'vahss pah'ghee + Is that all? | _Cxu tio estas cxio?_ | choo tee'oh eh'stahss + | | chee'oh? + What is the duty? | _Kiom estas la | kee'ohm eh'stahss la + | imposto?_ | impoh'sto? + Is my luggage | _Cxu oni vizitis miajn | choo oh'nee + passed? | pakajxojn?_ | veezee'teess mee'ahyn + | | pakah'zhoyn? + + +45. Arrival. (_Alveno._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 19.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Call a cab | _Venigu fiakron_ | vehnee'goo feeah'krohn + Closed, open | _Fermitan, malfermitan_ | fehrmee'tahn, mahl- + I want a hansom | _Mi bezonas duradan | mee behzo'nahss + | fiakron_ | doo-rah'dahn + | | feeah'krohn + Get me a | _Venigu kvarradan | vehnee'goo + four-wheeler | fiakron_ | kvar-rah'dahn + | | feeah'krohn + Cab, sir? | _Veturilon, sinjoro?_ | vehtooree'lohn, + | | seenyo'ro? + Put my luggage in | _Metu miajn pakajxojn | meh'too mee'ahyn + the cab | en la fiakron_ | pak-ah'zhoyn ehn la + | | fee-ah'krohn + Where do you want | _Kien vi deziras iri, | kee'ehn vee + to go, sir? | sinjoro?_ | dehzeer'ahss eer'ee, + | | seen-yo'ro? + Drive me to... | _Veturigu min al..._ | vehtoo-ree'goo min + | | ahl... + Driver, what is | _Veturigisto, po kiom | vehtooreeg-ist'o, po + the fare by the | kostas la veturo laux | kee-ohm ko'stahss la + journey? | distanco?_ | vehtoor'o lahw + | | distahntso? + By the hour? | _Lauxhore?_ | lahw-ho'reh? + Drive quickly | _Veturigu rapide_ | vehtooree'goo + | | rahpee'deh + Drive slower | -- _pli malrapide_ | -- plee mahlrahpee'deh + Stop! Go on! | _Haltu! Dauxrigu!_ | hahl'too! dahwree'goo! + + +46. 'Bus and Tram. (_Omnibuso kaj Tramveturilo._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 19.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Where can I get a | _Kie mi povas trafi | kee'eh mee po'vahss + 'bus to...? | omnibuson al...?_ | trah'fee + | | omnee-boo'sohn + | | ahl...? + Is there a 'bus | _Cxu oni povas omnibuse | choo o'nee po'vahss + to...? | veturi al...?_ | omnee-boo'seh + | | vehtoor'ee ahl...? + We will take a | _Ni iros omnibuse_ | nee eer'ohss + 'bus | | omneeboo'seh + The tram station | _La tramstacio_ | la trahm'staht-see'oh + Cars stop here | _Tramveturiloj haltas | trahm'vehtoo-ree'loy + | cxi tie_ | hahl'tahss chee + | | tee'eh + Does this car go | _Cxu tiu cxi veturilo | choo tee'oo chee + to...? | iras al...?_ | vehtoo-ree'lo + | | eer'ahss ahl...? + No, the next one | _Ne, la sekvonta_ | neh, la sehkvohn'tah + Wait till the car | _Atendu, gxis la | ahtehn'doo, jees la + stops | veturilo haltos_ | vehtoo-ree'lo + | | hahltohss + Do you pass...? | _Cxu vi | choo vee + | preterveturas...?_ | preh'tehr-veh- + | | too'rahss...? + Put me down at... | _Lasu min eligxi | lah'soo meen ehlee'jee + | cxe..._ | cheh... + Give me a ticket | _Donu al mi bileton_ | doh'noo ahl mee + | | beeleh'tohn + Any more fares? | _Cxu cxiuj pagis?_ | choo chee'ooy + | | pah'gheess? + Tickets, please | _La biletojn, mi petas_ | la beeleh'toyn, mee + | | peh-tahss + Outside only | _Nur ekstere_ | noor eksteh'reh + Full inside | _Plena interne_ | pleh'nah intehr'neh + + +47. Hotel and Rooms. (_Hotelo kaj Cxambroj._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Which is the best | _Kiu estas la plej bona | kee'oo ehstahss la + hotel? | hotelo?_ | plehy' bo'nah + | | hoteh'lo? + Furnished | _Meblita apartamento_ | mehblee'tah + apartments | | ahpartahmehn'toh + Apartments to let | _Luebla apartamento_ | loo-eh'blah + | | ahpartahmehn'toh + Unfurnished house | _Nemeblita domo_ | nehmeh-blee'tah dohmo + Can I see your | _Cxu mi povas vidi | choo mee po'vahss + rooms? | viajn cxambrojn?_ | vee'dee vee'ahyn + | | chahm'broyn? + Let me see the | _Montru al mi la | mohn'troo ahl mee la + room | cxambron_ | chahm'brohn + What rooms do you | _Kiujn cxambrojn vi | kee'ooyn chahm'broyn + want? | bezonas?_ | vee beh-zo'nahss? + I want a bedroom | _Mi bezonas | mee behzo'nahss + and sitting-room | dormocxambron kaj | dor'mo-chahm'brohn + | salonon_ | kahy saloh'nohn + What is the price | _Kioma estas la prezo | kee'ohma eh'stahss la + of this room? | de tiu cxambro?_ | preh'zo deh tee'oo + | | chahm'bro? + What do you | _Kiom vi postulas?_ | kee'ohm vee + charge? | | postoo'lahss? + I want a cheaper | _Mi deziras pli | mee dehzeer'ahss plee + one | malkaran_ | mahl-kah'rahn + That is too dear | _Tio estas tro kara_ | tee'oh eh'stahss tro + | | kah'rah + Have you a | _Cxu vi havas dulitan | choo vee hah'vahss + double-bedded | cxambron?_ | doolee'tahn + room? | | chahm'brohn? + Are the beds | _Cxu la litoj estas | choo la lee'toy + well-aired? | bone aerumitaj?_ | eh'stahss bo'neh + | | ah-ehroomee'tahy? + We will take these | _Ni luos cxi tiujn | nee loo'ohss chee + rooms | cxambrojn_ | tee'ooyn chahm'broyn + How long do you | _Dum kiom da tempo vi | doom kee'ohm dah + want them for? | ilin bezonos?_ | tehm'po vee ee'leen + | | behzo'nohss? + We shall stay a | _Ni restos dum unu | nee reh'stohss doom + week | semajno_ | oo'noo sehmahy'no + Are our rooms | _Cxu niaj cxambroj | choo nee'ahy chahm'broy + ready? | estas pretaj?_ | ehstahss prehtahy? + Let us have supper | _Volu pretigu tuj nian | vo'loo preh-tee'goo + at once | vespermangxon_ | tooy nee'ahn + | | vespehrmahn'john + Have you a table | _Cxu vi havas komunan | choo vee hah'vahss + d'hote? | mangxotablon?_ | komoo'nahn + | | mahn'joh-tah'blohn? + Are there any | _Cxu estas leteroj por | choo eh'stahss + letters for me? | mi?_ | lehtehr'oy pohr mee? + Can I have a warm | _Cxu mi povas havi | choo mee po'vahss + bath? | varman banon?_ | ha'vee vahrmahn + | | bahnohn? + Give me the key of | _Donu al mi la | doh'noo ahl mee la + my room | sxlosilon de mia | shlosee'lohn deh + | cxambro_ | mee'ah chahm'bro + Bring me some warm | _Alportu al mi varman | ahlport'oo ahl mee + water | akvon_ | vahrmahn ahk'vohn + Where is the w.c.? | _Kie estas la | kee'eh ehstahss la + | necesejo?_ | nehtsehseh'yo? + Take my luggage | _Portu miajn pakajxojn | port'oo mee'ahyn + down | malsupren_ | pakah'zhoyn + | | mahl-soo'prehn + Give me a candle | _Donu al mi kandelon_ | doh'noo ahl mee + | | kahndeh'lohn + I have no matches | _Mi ne havas alumetojn_ | mee neh hah'vahss + | | ahloomeh'toyn + Call me at seven | _Veku min je la sepa_ | veh'koo min yeh la + | | sehpah + We leave early | _Ni foriros frue | nee foreer'ohss froo'eh + to-morrow | morgauxmatene_ | mor'gahw-mahteh'neh + morning | | + My bill, please | _La kalkulon, mi petas_ | la kahlkoo'lohn, mee + | | peh'tahss + + +48. Breakfast. (_Matenmangxo._) + +(For Vocabularies see sections 4-6 & 14-15.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Is breakfast | _Cxu la matenmangxo | choo la mahtehn-mahn'jo + ready? | estas preta?_ | eh'stahss preh'tah? + Breakfast is ready | _La matenmangxo estas | la mahtehn-mahn'jo + | preta_ | eh'stahss preh'tah + Is the tea made? | _Cxu la teo estas | choo la teh'oh + | farita?_ | eh'stahss fahree'tah? + Is the coffee | _Cxu la kafo estas | choo la kah'fo + strong enough? | suficxe forta?_ | eh'stahss soofee'cheh + | | fort'ah? + We want more cups | _Ni bezonas pluajn | nee behzo'nahss + | tasojn_ | ploo'ahyn tah'soyn + Take some more | _Prenu iom plu da | preh'noo ee'ohm ploo + sugar | sukero_ | dah sookeh'ro + A piece of toast | _Peco de rostita pano_ | peht'so deh ro-stee'tah + | | pa'noh + Do you drink tea | _Cxu vi trinkas teon | choo vee trin'kahss + or coffee? | aux kafon?_ | tehohn ahw kah'fohn? + Cold meat | _Malvarma viando_ | mahl-vahr'ma + | | vee-ahn'doh + Will you take an | _Cxu vi mangxos ovon?_ | choo vee mahn'johss + egg? | | o'vohn? + A rasher of bacon | _Trancxo de lardo_ | trahn'cho deh lahr'doh + These eggs are | _Cxi tiuj ovoj estas | chee tee'ooy o-voy + hard | malmolaj_ | eh'stahss + | | mahl-mo'lahy + Pass me the butter | _Transdonu al mi la | trahns-doh'noo ahl mee + | buteron_ | la bootehr'ohn + Give me the salt | _Donu al mi la salon_ | doh'noo ahl mee la + | | sahlon + Some rolls | _Kelke da bulkoj_ | kehl'keh dah bool'koy + This butter is not | _Tiu cxi butero ne | tee'oo chee bootehr'oh + fresh | estas fresxa_ | neh ehstahss + | | freh'shah + Bring some more... | _Alportu iom plu da..._ | ahlport'oo ee'ohm ploo + | | dah... + Do you take milk | _Cxu vi deziras lakton | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + and sugar? | kaj sukeron?_ | lahk'tohn kahy + | | sookehr'ohn? + No sugar, thank | _Ne sukeron, mi dankas_ | neh sookehr'ohn, mee + you | | dahn'kahss + Coffee without | _Kafo sen lakto_ | kah'fo sehn lahk'toh + milk | | + Coffee with milk | _Kafo kun lakto_ | kah'fo koon lahk'toh + A little more | _Iom plu da fisxo?_ | ee'ohm ploo dah + fish? | | fee'sho? + Yes, please | _Jes, mi petas_ | yehss, mee peh'tahss + Nothing more | _Nenion plu_ | nehnee'ohn ploo + + +49. Dinner. (_Cxefmangxo._) + +(For Vocabularies see sections 4-6 & 14-15.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + What time is | _Je kioma horo estas la | yeh kee-oh'ma ho'ro + dinner? | cxefmangxo?_ | eh-stahss la + | | chehfmahn'jo? + When do you dine? | _Je kioma horo vi | yeh kee-oh'ma ho'ro vee + | cxefmangxas?_ | chehfmahn'jahss? + We shall dine at | _Ni cxefmangxos je la | nee chehfmahn'johss yeh + six o'clock | sesa_ | la seh'sah + Give me (show me) | _Donu (montru) al mi la | doh'noo (mohn'troo) ahl + the bill-of-fare | mangxokarton_ | mee la + | | mahn'jo-kar'tohn + Waiter! | _Kelnero!_ | kelnehr'oh! + What have you | _Kion vi havas preta?_ | kee'ohn vee hah'vahss + ready? | | preh'tah? + Have you any roast | _Cxu vi havas rostitan | choo vee hah'vahss + beef? | bovajxon?_ | ro-stee'than + | | bovah'zhohn? + Are you hungry? | _Cxu vi malsatas?_ | choo vee mahlsah'tahss? + I am hungry | _Mi malsatas_ | mee mahlsah'tahss + Are you thirsty? | _Cxu vi soifas?_ | choo vee so-ee'fahss? + I am very thirsty | _Mi tre soifas_ | mee treh so-ee'fahss + What will you | _Kion vi mangxos?_ | kee'ohn vee mahnjohss? + take? | | + What shall I help | _Kion mi donu al vi?_ | kee'ohn mee dohnoo ahl + you to? | | vee? + What soup will you | _Kian supon vi volas?_ | kee'ahn soo'pohn vee + have? | | vo'lahss? + Will you take some | _Cxu vi prenos iom da | choo vee preh'nohss + soup? | supo?_ | ee'ohm da soo'po? + Well done; under | _Elkuirita; ne | ehlkoo-eeree'tah; neh + done | elkuirita_ | ehlkoo-eeree'tah + Here are spinach | _Jen spinako kaj | yehn speenah'ko kahy + and broccoli | brokolio_ | brokohlee'oh + Help yourself | _Servu vin_ | sehr'voo veen + It is excellent | _Gxi estas bonega_ | jee eh'stahss + | | bo-neh'gah + What fish have | _Kiajn fisxojn vi | kee'ahyn fee'shoyn vee + you? | havas?_ | hah'vahss? + Fried soles | _Frititaj soleoj_ | fritee'tahy so-leh'oy + Will you take some | _Cxu vi deziras iom | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + more? | plu?_ | ee'ohm ploo? + No, thank you | _Ne, mi dankas_ | neh, mee dahn'kahss + Change the plates | _Sxangxu la telerojn_ | shahnjoo la tehlehr'oyn + Give me a clean | _Donu al mi puran | doh'noo ahl mee + fork | forkon_ | poor'ahn fohr'kohn + A clean knife | _Pura trancxilo_ | poorah trahnchee'lo + Bring me a glass | _Alportu al mi glason | ahlport'oo ahl mee + of water | da akvo_ | glah'sohn dah ahk'vo + Give me something | _Donu al mi ion por | doh'noo ahl mee ee'ohn + to drink | trinki_ | pohr trin'kee + A bottle of wine | _Botelo da vino_ | bo-teh'lo dah vee'no + What wines will | _Kiajn vinojn vi | kee'ahyn vee'noyn vee + you have? | deziras?_ | dehzeer'ahss? + Here is the list | _Jen la listo_ | yehn la leest'oh + This wine is flat | _Tiu cxi vino | tee'oo chee vee'no + | sengustigxis_ | sehn-goost-ee'jees + What do I owe? | _Kiom mi sxuldas?_ | kee'ohm mee + | | shool'dahss? + What is the | _Kiom estas?_ | kee'ohm eh'stahss? + charge? | | + + +50. Tea. (_Teo._) + +(For Vocabularies see sections 4-6 & 14-15.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Will you come to | _Cxu vi venos por | choo vee veh'nohss pohr + tea? | trinki teon?_ | trin'kee teh'ohn? + Tea is ready | _La teo estas preta_ | la teh'oh ehstahss + | | prehtah + Pour out the tea | _Versxu la teon_ | vehr'shoo la teh'ohn + Ring, if you | _Sonorigu, mi petas_ | so-noree'goo, mee + please | | peh'tahss + A little more milk | _Iom plu da lakto_ | ee'ohm ploo dah + | | lahk'toh + Some more bread | _Iom plu da pano kaj | ee'ohm ploo dah pah'no + and butter | butero_ | kahy bootehr'oh + Do you like your | _Cxu vi sxatas vian | choo vee shah'tahss + tea strong? | teon forta?_ | vee'ahn teh'ohn + | | fort'ah? + Not too strong | _Ne tro forta_ | neh tro fort'ah + I like it rather | _Mi sxatas gxin iom | mee shah'tahss jeen + strong | forta_ | ee'ohm fort'ah + Bring a saucer | _Alportu subtason_ | ahlport'oo soobtah'sohn + Do you take cream? | _Cxu vi prenas kremon?_ | choo vee preh'nahss + | | kreh'mohn? + This cream is sour | _Tiu cxi kremo estas | tee'oo chee kreh'mo + | malfresxa_ | eh'stahss + | | mahlfreh'shah + Another cup of | _Ankoraux tason da | ahnkoh'rahw tah'sohn + tea? | teo?_ | dah teh'oh? + Is your tea sweet | _Cxu via teo estas | choo vee'ah teh'oh + enough? | suficxe sukerita?_ | eh'stahss soofee'cheh + | | soo-kehree'tah? + I should like a | _Mi preferas iom malpli | mee prefehr'ahss ee'ohm + little less milk | da lakto_ | mahl'pli dah lahk'toh + + +51. Health. (_La Sano._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 13.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + How are you? | _Kiel vi fartas?_ | kee'ehl vee fahr'tahss? + I am very well | _Mi tre bone fartas_ | mee treh bo'neh + | | fahr'tahss + I am ill | _Mi estas malsana_ | mee eh'stahss + | | mahlsah'nah + I am not very well | _Mi ne tre bone fartas_ | mee neh treh bo'neh + | | fahr'tahss + Are you quite | _Cxu vi bone fartas?_ | choo vee bo'neh + well? | | fahr'tahss? + Quite well, thank | _Tute bone, mi dankas_ | too'teh bo'neh, mee + you | | dahn-kahss + Pretty well, | _Suficxe bone, dankon_ | soofee'cheh bo'neh, + thanks | | dahn-kohn + How do you feel? | _Kiel vi vin sentas?_ | kee'ehl vee vin + | | sehn'tahss? + I don't feel well | _Mi ne sentas min en | mee neh sehntahss min + | tre bona stato_ | ehn treh bo'nah + | | stahtoh + I feel better | _Mi sentas min en pli | mee sehn'tahss min ehn + | bona stato_ | plee bo'nah stahtoh + I hope you will | _Mi esperas ke vi | mee espeh'rahss, keh + soon be better | baldaux resanigxos_ | vee bahl'dahw + | | rehsahnee'johss + Do you sleep well? | _Cxu vi bone dormas?_ | choo vee bo'neh + | | dohr-mahss? + I have caught a | _Mi malvarmumis_ | mee mahlvahrmoo'meess + chill | | + I have a headache | _Mi havas kapdoloron_ | mee ha'vahss + | | kahp-dolohr'ohn + I feel sick | _Mi sentas nauxzon_ | mee sehn-tahss + | | nahw'zohn + Send for the | _Venigu la kuraciston_ | vehnee'goo lah + doctor | | kooraht-sees'tohn + She has a bad | _Sxi havas malbonan | shee ha'vahss + cough | tuson_ | mahlbo'nahn too'sohn + How much is the | _Kiom estas la | kee'ohm eh'stahss lah + doctor's fee for | honorario de l' | honoh-rahree'oh dehl + a visit? | kuracisto por | kooraht-see'stoh pohr + | vizito?_ | veezee'toh? + Where is there a | _Kie estas apoteko?_ | kee'eh eh'stahss + chemist's? | | ahpoh-teh'ko? + Have this | _Plenumigu tiun cxi | plehnoomee'goo tee'oon + prescription | recepton_ | chee rehtsehp'tohn + made up | | + One tablespoonful | _Unu granda plenkulero | oonoo grahndah + three times a | tri fojojn cxiutage_ | plehn'kooleh'roh tree + day | | foh'yoyn + | | chee'oo-tah'gheh + To be taken after | _Prenota post cxiu | prehno'tah post chee'oo + each meal | mangxo_ | mahn'jo + Shake the bottle | _Skuu la botelon_ | skoo'oo lah boteh'lohn + For outward | _Nur por ekstera | noor pohr eksteh'rah + application only | aplikado_ | ahpleekah'doh + Poison | _Veneno_ | vehneh'no + + +52. In Town. (_En la Urbo._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 9.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Where shall we go? | _Kien ni iru?_ | kee'ehn nee ee'roo? + Which is the way | _Kiu estas la vojo | kee'oo eh'stahss la + to...? | al...?_ | vo'yo ahl...? + To the right--left | _Dekstren--maldekstren_ | dehkstrehn-- + | | mahldehk'strehn + Straight before | _Rekte antauxen_ | rek'teh ahntah'wehn + you | | + Is it far from | _Cxu malproksime de tie | choo mahl-proksee'meh + here? | cxi?_ | deh tee-eh chee? + About a mile | _Proksimume unu mejlon_ | proksee-moo'meh oonoo + | | may'lohn + Go up the street | _Supreniru la straton_ | soo'prehn-eer'oo lah + | | strah'tohn + Where does this | _Kien kondukas tiu cxi | kee'ehn kondoo'kahss + road lead to? | vojo?_ | tee'oo chee vo'yo? + How far is it | _Kiom da vojo estas | kee'ohm dah vo'yo + to...? | gxis...?_ | eh'stahss jeess...? + Show me the way | _Montru al mi la vojon_ | mohn'troo ahl mee la + | | vo'yohn + Straight on | _Rekte antauxen_ | rek'teh ahntah'wehn + Turn to the right | _Turnu dekstren_ | toor'noo dehk'strehn + Second turning to | _La dua vojo dekstren_ | la doo'ah vo'yo + the right | | dehk'strehn + Keep to the left | _Iradu maldekstren_ | eerah'doo + | | mahl-dehk'strehn + Take the third on | _Sekvu la trian | sehk'voo la tree'ahn + the left | maldekstren_ | mahl-dehk'strehn + At the top of this | _Cxe la fino de tiu cxi | cheh la fee'no deh + street | strato_ | tee'oo chee strah'toh + Cross the road | _Transiru la vojon_ | trahnseer'oo la vo'yohn + Let us go! | _Ni iru!_ | nee eer'oo! + In what street | _En kiu strato | ehn kee'oo strah'toh + is...? | estas...?_ | eh'stahss...? + Is this the way | _Cxu tiu estas la vojo | choo tee'oo eh'stahss + to...? | al...?_ | la vo'yo ahl...? + Do you know Mr. | _Cxu vi konas Sinjoron | choo vee ko'nahss + F.? | F.?_ | seenyohr'ohn F.? + I don't know | _Mi ne konas iun tiel | mee neh ko'nahss + anyone of that | nomitan_ | ee'oon, tee'ehl + name | | no-mee'tahn + I know him very | _Mi tre bone konas lin_ | mee treh boneh ko'nahss + well | | leen + He is a friend of | _Li estas unu el miaj | lee eh'stahss oo'noo + mine | amikoj_ | ehl mee'ahy ahmee'koy + Where does he | _Kie li logxas?_ | kee'eh lee lo'jahss? + live? | | + Can you direct me | _Cxu vi povas direkti | choo vee po'vahss + to his house? | min al lia domo?_ | deerek'tee meen ahl + | | lee'ah do'mo? + Can I see Mr. F.? | _Cxu mi povas vidi | choo mee po'vahss + | Sinjoron F.?_ | veedee seenyohr'ohn + | | F.? + He is out just now | _Nunmomente li ne estas | noon-mo-mehn'teh lee + | hejme_ | neh ehstahss hehy'meh + Is Mrs. F. at | _Cxu Sinjorino F. estas | choo seenyo-ree'no F. + home? | hejme?_ | eh'stahss hehy'meh? + Mrs. F. is not at | _S-no F. ne estas | seenyo-ree'no F. neh + home | hejme_ | es'tahss hehy'meh + I will call again | _Mi revenos_ | mee rehveh'nohss + I expect him every | _Mi atendas lian venon | mee ahtehn'dahss + moment | cxiumomente_ | lee-ahn veh'nohn + | | chee'oo-mo-mehn'teh + Have you your | _Cxu vi havas | choo vee ha'vahss + card? | vizitkarton?_ | vee-zeet-kahr'tohn? + Does he expect | _Cxu li atendas vin?_ | choo lee ahtehn'dahss + you? | | veen? + He is expecting me | _Li atendas mian venon_ | lee ahtehn'dahss + | | mee'ahn veh'nohn + I have an | _Mi havas rendevuon kun | mee ha'vahss + appointment with | li_ | rehndeh-voo'ohn koon + him | | lee + I am engaged | _Mi estas okupata kun | mee eh'stahss + | iu_ | ohkoopah'tah koon + | | ee'oo + Good morning! | _Bonan matenon!_ | bo'nahn ma-teh'nohn! + Good day! | _Bonan tagon!_ | bo'nahn tah'gohn! + How do you do? | _Kiel vi fartas?_ | kee'ehl vee fahr'tahss? + How is Mrs. F.? | _Kiel fartas S-no F.?_ | kee'ehl fahr'tahss + | | seen-yo-ree'no F.? + Give my | _Prezentu miajn | prehzehn'too mee'ahyn + compliments to | komplimentojn al | komplee-mehn'toyn ahl + Miss F. | Frauxlino F._ | frahw-lee'no F. + So pleased to see | _Tre kontenta vidi vin_ | treh kontehn'tah + you | | vee'dee vin + Good-bye! | _Adiaux!_ | ahdee'ahw! + Farewell! | _Gxis revido!_ | jeess rehvee'doh! + Must you go yet? | _Cxu vi devas jam | choo vee deh'vahss yahm + | foriri?_ | foreer'ee? + I must go | _Mi devas foriri_ | mee deh'vahss foreer'ee + Good evening! | _Bonan vesperon!_ | bo'nahn vespehr'ohn! + Good night! | _Bonan nokton!_ | bo'nahn nok'tohn! + + +53. Shopping. (_Acxetado._) + +(For Vocabularies see sections 3-8 & 14-18.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + I wish to buy | _Mi volas acxeti_ | mee vo'lahss + | | ah-cheh'tee + Do you keep...? | _Cxu vi havas...?_ | choo vee ha'vahss...? + We have none in | _Ni ne havas en | nee neh ha'vahss ehn + stock | magazeno_ | ma-gahzeh'no + We can get you | _Ni povas iom por vi | nee po'vahss ee'ohm + some | akiri_ | pohr vee ahkeer'ee + What price would | _Je kioma prezo vi gxin | yeh kee-oh'ma preh'zo + you like? | deziras?_ | vee jeen + | | dehzeer'ahss? + About half-a-crown | _Po cxirkaux duonkrono | po cheer'kahw + a yard | par jardo_ | doo-ohn-kro'no pohr + | | yahrdoh + May we get it for | _Cxu ni gxin por vi | choo nee jeen pohr vee + you? | akiru?_ | ahkeer'oo? + What is the price? | _Kiom estas la prezo?_ | kee'ohm eh'stahss lah + | | preh'zo? + How much? | _Kiom?_ | kee'ohm? + That is too much | _Tio estas tro kara_ | tee'oh eh'stahss tro + | | kah'rah + Have you a | _Cxu vi havas alian | choo vee ha'vahss + different | specon?_ | ah-lee'ahn + pattern? | | speht'sohn? + -- a better | -- _pli bonan sxtofon?_ | -- plee bo'nahn + material? | | shto'fohn? + Can you recommend | _Cxu vi povas gxin | choo vee po'vahss jeen + it? | rekomendi?_ | rehkomehn'dee? + We can recommend | _Ni povas rekomendi | nee po'vahss + this | tion_ | rehkomehn'dee tee'ohn + We guarantee this | _Ni tiun cxi kvaliton | nee tee'oon chee + quality | garantias_ | kvah-lee'tohn + | | gahrahn-tee'ahss + I should like to | _Mi dezirus vidi | mee dehzeerooss veedee + see some ribbons | rubandojn_ | roobahn'doyn + I want some calico | _Mi deziras iom da | mee dehzeer'ahss ee'ohm + | kalikoto_ | dah kahlee-ko'toh + This colour is too | _Tiu cxi koloro estas | tee'oo chee ko-lohr'oh + dark | tro malpala_ | ehstahss tro + | | mahlpah'lah + It is faded | _La koloro iom | la ko-lohr'oh ee'ohm + | malaperis_ | mahl-ahpehr'eess + Have you any | _Cxu vi havas pli | choo vee ha'vahss plee + narrower? | mallargxan?_ | mahl-lahr'jahn? + What is this a | _Kiom tio kostas por | kee'ohm tee'o kost'ahss + yard? | unu jardo?_ | pohr oo'noo yahr'doh? + This will do | _Tio cxi tauxgos_ | tee'oh chee tahw'gohss + I will take this | _Mi tion prenos_ | mee tee'ohn preh'nohss + A reel of cotton | _Unu bobeno da kotono_ | oonoo bo-beh'no dah + | | ko-toh'no + A skein | _Fadenaro_ | fahdeh-nah'ro + A packet of mixed | _Paketo da miksitaj | pahkeh'toh dah + pins | pingloj_ | miksee'tahy peen'gloy + Not so fine | _Ne tiel delikata_ | neh tee'ehl + | | dehleekah'tah + Show me some | _Montru al mi gantojn_ | mohntroo ahl mee + gloves | | gahn'toyn + Try on these | _Prove surmetu cxi | pro'veh soormeh'too + | tiujn_ | chee tee'ooyn + What are they a | _Kiom kostas unu paro?_ | kee'ohm ko'stahss + pair? | | oo'noo pah'ro? + That is too dear | _Tio estas tro kara_ | tee'oh eh'stahss tro + | | kah-rah + They fit you very | _Ili tre bone tauxgas_ | ee'lee treh bo'neh + well | | tah'w-gahss + I will take them | _Mi kunprenos cxion_ | mee koon-preh'nohss + with me | | chee'ohn + Please give me my | _Volu doni mian | vo'loo doh'nee mee'ahn + bill | kalkulon_ | kahl-koo'lohn + Send all this home | _Sendu cxion cxi hejmen | sehn'doo chee'ohn chee + at once | tuj_ | hehy'mehn tooy + Can I send them | _Cxu mi povas sendi | choo mee po'vahss + for you? | ilin por vi?_ | sehn'dee ee'leen pohr + | | vee? + Send them to... | _Sendu ilin al..._ | sehn'doo ee'leen ahl... + Will you send them | _Cxu vi tuj sendos | choo vee tooy sehndohss + at once? | ilin?_ | ee'leen? + What name, please? | _Kiu nomo, mi petas?_ | kee'oo no'mo, mee + | | peh'tahss? + To what address? | _Al kiu adreso?_ | ahl kee'oo ahdreh'so? + + +54. The Dressmaker. (_La Modistino._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 16.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Here is the | _Jen estas la | yehn eh'stahss lah + dressmaker | modistino_ | mo-distee'no + Ask her to wait | _Petu, ke sxi atendu_ | peh'too, keh shee + | | ah-tehn'doo + Show her in | _Enirigu sxin_ | ehneeree'goo sheen + Have you brought | _Cxu vi alportis mian | choo vee ahlpohr'teess + my dress? | robon?_ | mee'ahn ro'bohn? + Here it is, madam | _Jen, sinjorino_ | yehn, seenyoh-ree'no + Will you try it | _Cxu vi prove surmetos | choo vee pro'veh + on? | gxin?_ | soor-meh'tohss jeen? + It fits you very | _Gxi tre gxuste tauxgas | jee treh joo'steh + well | al vi_ | tah'w-gahss ahl vee + It is not a good | _Gxi ne gxuste tauxgas_ | jee neh joo'steh + fit | | tah'w-gahss + The skirt is too | _La jupo estas tro | lah yoo'po eh'stahss + narrow | mallargxa_ | tro mahl-lahr'jah + It is too | _La talio estas tro | lah tahlee'oh eh'stahss + short-waisted | mallonga_ | tro mahl-lohn'gah + The sleeves are | _La manikoj ne estas | lah mahnee'koy neh + not wide enough | suficxe largxaj_ | eh'stahss soofee'cheh + | | lahr'jahy + Make all these | _Faru cxiujn cxi | fah'roo chee'ooyn chee + alterations | sxangxojn_ | shahn'joyn + What trimming | _Per kio vi gxin | pehr kee'oh vee jeen + would you put | garnus?_ | gahr'nooss? + on? | | + Pale pink ribbon | _Pala rozkolora | pah'lah rohz-ko-loh'rah + | rubando_ | roobahn'doh + When can you let | _Kiam vi povos doni | kee'ahm vee po'vohss + me have it? | gxin al mi?_ | doh'nee jeen ahl mee? + You shall have it | _Vi havas gxin sabaton_ | vee ha'vohss jeen + on Saturday | | sah-bah'tohn + Without fail | _Nepre_ | neh'preh + Don't disappoint | _Ne trompu miajn | neh trohmpoo mee'ahyn + me | esperojn_ | espehr'oyn + + +55. The Shoemaker. (_La Sxuisto._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + I wish to see some | _Mi deziras vidi botojn | mee dehzeer'ahss + ladies' boots | por sinjorinoj_ | vee'dee bo-toyn pohr + | | seen-yoh-ree'noy + Take my measure | _Prenu mian mezuron_ | preh-noo mee-ahn + | | meh-zoor'ohn + The soles are | _La plandumoj estas iom | la plahndoo'moy + rather thick | dikaj_ | eh'stahss ee-ohm + | | dee'kahy + They are too tight | _Ili tro premas_ | ee-lee tro preh-mahss + I cannot get my | _Mi ne povas enigi la | mee neh po-vahss + foot in | piedon_ | ehnee'ghee la + | | pee-eh'dohn + Here is a | _Jen estas sxukorno_ | yehn eh-stahss + shoe-horn | | shookohr'no + Are they | _Cxu ili gxenas?_ | choo ee-lee jeh-nahss? + comfortable? | | + I cannot walk in | _Mi ne povas iri en | mee neh po-vahss eer-ee + them | ili_ | ehn ee-lee + They hurt my heel | _Ili dolorigas mian | ee-lee doh-loree'gahss + | kalkanon_ | meeahn kahlkah'nohn + I must have them | _Estas necese, ke mi | eh-stahss nehtsah'seh, + as soon as | ilin havu kiel eble | keh mee ee-leen + possible | plej baldaux_ | ha-voo kee-ehl + | | eh-bleh plehy' + | | bahl-dahw + I want some | _Mi bezonas lacxojn_ | mee behzoh'nahss + bootlaces | | lah'choyn + How much are they | _Kiom kostas unu paro?_ | kee-ohm ko-stahss + a pair? | | oo-noo pah-ro? + I want these shoes | _Mi deziras lasi | mee dehzeer'ahss lahsee + soled and heeled | plandumi kaj | plahndoo'mee kahy + | kalkanumi tiujn cxi | kahlkahnoo'mee + | sxuojn_ | tee-ooyn chee + | | shoo-oyn + Send my boots to | _Sendu riparigxi miajn | sehn-doo ripahree'jee + be mended | botojn_ | mee'ahyn bo-toyn + When will they be | _Kiam ili estos | kee-ahm ee-lee ehstohss + done? | pretaj?_ | preh' tahy? + + +56. The Laundress. (_La Lavistino._) + +(For Washing List see section 17.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + I want this linen | _Mi volas lavigi cxi | mee vo-lahss + washed | tiun tolajxon_ | lahvee'ghee chee + | | tee-oon toh-lah'zhohn + I miss a collar | _Mankas unu kolumon_ | mahn-kahss oo-noo + | | ko-loo'mohn + You don't put | _Vi ne enmetas suficxe | vee neh ehnmeh'tahss + enough starch in | da amelo_ | soofee'cheh dah + | | ah-meh'lo + This is too limp | _Tio cxi estas tro | tee-oh chee ehstahss + | mola_ | tro mo-lah + See how badly that | _Vidu, kiel malbone tio | vee-doo, kee-ehl + is done | estas farita_ | mahl-bo'neh tee-oh + | | ehstahss fahree'tah + You must take it | _Vi devas reporti gxin_ | vee deh-vahss + back | | rehpohr'tee jeen + This is badly | _Tio cxi estas malbone | tee-oh chee eh-stahss + ironed | gladita_ | mahlbo'neh + | | glahdee'tah + You have scorched | _Vi iom brulbrunigis | vee ee-ohm + this dress | tiun cxi robon_ | brool'broo- + | | nee'gheess tee'oon + | | chee ro-bohn + You put too much | _Vi metas tro da bluo | vee meh-tahss tro dah + blue in my linen | en mian tolajxon_ | bloo-oh ehn mee-ahn + | | tohlah'zhohn + This is not my | _Tio cxi ne estas mia | tee-oh chee neh + handkerchief | naztuko_ | eh'stahss mee-ah + | | nahz-too'ko + You have torn the | _Vi sxiris la punton_ | vee sheer-eess la + lace | | poon-tohn + When can I have | _Kiam mi povos havi | kee-ahm mee po-vohss + it? | gxin?_ | hah-vee jeen? + Return this linen | _Resendi tiun cxi | rehsehn'dee tee-oon + on... | tolajxon la..._ | chee tohlah'zhohn + | | la... + You must bring | _Estas necese, ke vi | eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, + back this list | reportu tiun cxi | keh vee rehpohr'too + | liston_ | tee-oon chee + | | lee-stohn + Have you your | _Cxu vi havas vian | choo vee ha-vahss + bill? | kalkulon?_ | veeahn kahlkoo'lohn? + I will pay you | _Mi pagos vin_ | mee pa-gohss veen + + +57. Amusements. (_Amuzajxoj._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 22.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Shall we go to the | _Cxu ni iru al la | choo nee eer-oo ahl la + theatre? | teatro?_ | teh-ah'tro? + What is on at | _Kion oni ludas cxe | kee-ohn ohnee loo-dahss + the...? | la...?_ | cheh la...? + When does the | _Kiam komencigxas la | kee-ahm + performance | prezentado?_ | komehnt-see'jahss la + begin? | | prezentah'doh? + What time do the | _Je kioma horo oni | yeh kee-oh'mah ho-ro + doors open? | malfermas la | ohnee mahlfehr'mahss + | pordojn?_ | la pohr-doyn? + Is the box-office | _Cxu la lokoficejo | choo la + open? | estas malfermita?_ | loh'kofeetseh'yo + | | eh-stahss + | | mahlfehrmee'tah? + Where can we book | _Kie oni povas antauxe | kee-eh oh-nee po-vahss + seats? | rezervi lokojn?_ | ahntah'weh + | | rehzehr'vee lo-koyn? + I should like to | _Mi dezirus vidi | mee dehzeer'ooss veedee + see a plan | planon_ | plah-nohn + Let us take a box | _Ni prenu logxion_ | nee preh-noo lohjee'ohn + These seats are | _Cxi tiuj segxoj estas | chee tee'ooy seh-joy + reserved | rezervitaj_ | eh'stahss + | | rehzehrvee'tahy + We will take four | _Ni prenos kvar lokojn_ | nee preh-nohss kvahr + seats | | lo-koyn + Where are our | _Kie estas niaj lokoj?_ | kee-eh ehstahss nee'ahy + seats? | | lo-koy? + Where is the | _Kie estas la | kee-eh eh-stahss la + cloakroom? | vestodeponejo?_ | veh-sto-dehpohneh'yo? + Give me a | _Donu al mi programon_ | doh-noo ahl mee + programme | | prohgrah'mohn + What is the play? | _Kion oni ludas?_ | kee-ohn ohnee + | | loo-dahss? + How well the band | _Kiel bone la orkestro | kee-ehl bo-neh la + plays! | ludas!_ | or-keh'stro + | | loo-dahss! + There is a fine | _Estas bonega orkestro_ | ehstahss bo-neh'gah + orchestra | | orkeh'stro + What an excellent | _Kiel bonega pianisto!_ | kee-ehl bo-neh'gah + pianist! | | pee-ahnist'o! + An interval of | _Intertempo de dek-kvin | in'tehr-tehm'po deh + fifteen minutes | minutoj_ | dehk-kveen meenoo'toy + Would you like | _Cxu vi deziras ion | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + some | mangxi aux trinki?_ | ee-ohn mahn-jee ahw + refreshment? | | trinkee? + Shall we go to the | _Cxu ni iru al la | choo nee ee-roo ahl la + buffet? | bufedo?_ | boofeh'doh? + Is there a good | _Cxu estas cxi tie bona | choo eh-stahss chee + museum? | muzeo?_ | tee-eh bo-nah + | | moozeh'oh? + The works of art | _La artajxoj estas tre | la ahrtah'zhoy + are very fine | belaj_ | eh-stahss treh + | | beh'lahy + Are tickets | _Cxu oni devas havi | choo oh-nee deh-vahss + required? | biletojn?_ | hah-vee beeleh'toyn? + Who sells them? | _Kiu vendas ilin?_ | kee-oo ven-dahss + | | eeleen? + The coach leaves | _La diligxenco | la deelee-jehnt'so + at ten | ekveturas je la deka_ | ehk-veh-toor'ahss yeh + | | la deh-kah + How much will it | _Kiom gxi kostos?_ | kee-ohm jee ko-stohss? + cost? | | + It will take all | _La veturo tien okupos | la vehtoor'oh tee-ehn + day to go there | la tutan tagon_ | ohkoo'pohss la + | | too-tahn tah-gohn + Can you put us up | _Cxu vi povas kunmeti | choo vee po-vahss + some | por ni iom da | koon-meh'tee pohr nee + refreshment? | nutrajxo?_ | ee-ohm dah + | | nootrah'zho? + We should like | _Ni deziras | nee dehzeer'ahss + some sandwiches | sandvicxojn_ | sahnd-vee'choyn + Is there a good | _Cxu estas bona loko, | choo eh-stahss bo-nah + place for lunch? | kie oni povas | lo-ko, kee-eh ohnee + | tagmangxi?_ | po-vahss + | | tahg-mahn'jee? + + +58. Cycling. (_La Ciklismo._) + +(For Vocabularies see sections 23-24.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + I want to hire a | _Mi deziras lui | mee dehzeer'ahss loo-ee + machine | biciklon_ | beetsee'klohn. + With all | _Kun cxiuj | koon chee-ooy + accessories | akcesorajxoj_ | ahktseh-so-rah'zhoy + By the hour | _Lauxhore_ | lahw-ho'reh + By the day | _Lauxtage_ | lahw-tah'gheh + What are your | _Kiom vi postulas?_ | kee-ohm vee + terms? | | postoo'lahss? + Have you a cycle | _Cxu vi havas remizon | choo vee hah-vahss + shelter? | por bicikloj?_ | reh-mee'zohn pohr + | | beet-see'kloy? + Tighten this nut | _Fiksu tiun cxi | fik-soo tee-oon chee + | sxrauxbingon_ | shrahw-been'gohn + Loosen the chain | _Malstrecxu la cxenon_ | mahl-streh'choo la + | | cheh-nohn + What are the roads | _Kiaj estas la vojoj?_ | kee-ahy eh-stahss la + like? | | vo-yoy? + Are the roads | _Cxu la vojoj estas | choo la vo-yoy ehstahss + good? | bonaj?_ | bo'nahy? + The roads are bad | _La vojoj estas | la voyoy ehstahss + | malbonaj_ | mahl-bo'nahy + The roads are in | _La vojoj estas en bona | la vo-yoy eh-stahss ehn + good condition | stato_ | bo-nah stah-toh + We will start | _Ni ekiros je la..._ | nee ekeer'ohss yeh + at... | | la... + Are you ready? | _Cxu vi estas preta?_ | choo vee eh-stahss + | | preh-tah? + Make haste! | _Rapidu!_ | rahpee'doo! + Turn to the right | _Turnu dekstren_ | toor-noo dehk-strehn + Keep straight on | _Iru rekte antauxen_ | ee-roo rehkteh + | | ahntah'wehn + This hill is | _Cxi tiu deklivo estas | chee tee-oo dehklee'vo + dangerous | dangxera_ | eh-stahss + | | dahn-jeh'rah + Ring your bell | _Tintigu vian tintilon_ | tintee'goo vee-ahn + | | tin-tee'lohn + Don't go so fast | _Ne iru tiel rapide_ | neh ee-roo tee-ehl + | | rah-pee'deh + Look out! Stop! | _Atentu! Haltu!_ | ahtehn'too! hahl-too! + The chain is off | _La cxeno deigxis_ | la cheh-no deh-ee'jeess + I must pump up my | _Estas necese, ke mi | eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, + tyres | sxveligu la | keh mee shvehlee'goo + | pneuxmatikojn_ | la pnehw-mahtee'koyn + My tyre is | _Mia pneuxmatiko estas | mee-ah pnehw-mahtee'ko + punctured | trapikita_ | eh-stahss + | | trahpee-kee'tah + The back tyre is | _La malantauxa | la mahl-ahntah'wah + burst | pneuxmatiko krevis_ | pnehw-matee'ko + | | kreh-veess + I have broken a... | _Mi rompis..._ | mee rohmpeess... + Where can I get my | _Kie mi povas riparigi | kee-eh mee povahss + bicycle mended? | mian biciklon?_ | reepahree'ghee + | | mee-ahn + | | beetsee'klohn? + Where is the | _Kie estas la plej | kee-eh eh-stahss la + nearest cycle | proksima | plehy proksee'mah + shop? | biciklobutiko?_ | beetsee'klo- + | | bootee'ko? + Will you please | _Cxu vi afable | choo vee ahfah'bleh + repair...? | riparos...?_ | ree-pahr'ohss...? + When will it be | _Kiam gxi estos preta?_ | kee-ahm jee eh-stohss + ready? | | prehtah? + I want my machine | _Mi deziras lasi purigi | mee dehzeer'ahss + cleaned | mian masxinon_ | lah-see pooree'ghee + | | mee-ahn mahshee'nohn + How long will it | _Kiom da tempo tio | kee-ohm dah tehm'po + take? | okupos?_ | tee-oh ohkoo'pohss? + Is it time to | _Cxu estas la horo por | choo eh-stahss la ho-ro + light up? | lumigo?_ | pohr loomee'go? + We must light up | _Ni devas lumigi_ | nee deh-vahss + | | loomee'ghee + Lighting-up time | _La lumiga horo estas | la loomee'gah ho-ro + is at eight | je la oka_ | eh-stahss yeh la + o'clock | | oh-kah + Please fill my | _Volu plenigi mian | vo-loo plehnee'ghee + lamp | lampon_ | mee-ahn lahm-pohn + It wants a new | _Gxi bezonas novan | jee behzoh'nahss + wick | mecxon_ | no-vahn meh-chohn + How much is it? | _Kiom estas?_ | kee-ohm eh-stahss? + Have you a road | _Cxu vi havas vojan | choo vee hah-vahss + guide? | gvidplanon?_ | vo-yahn + | | gveed-plah'nohn? + Which do you | _Kiun vi bezonas?_ | kee-oon vee + require? | | behzoh'nahss? + A map of the Paris | _Mapon de la Pariza | mah-pohn deh la + district | regiono_ | pah-ree'zah + | | reh-gheeoh'no + + +59. Motoring. (_Auxtomobilismo._) + +(For Vocabularies see sections 23-24; see also Cycling Phrases, above.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Is there a motor | _Cxu estas remizo por | choo eh-stahss + garage in this | auxtomobiloj en tiu | rehmee'zo pohr + town? | cxi urbo?_ | ahwtohmoh-bee'loy ehn + | | tee-oo chee oor-bo? + Give me some | _Donu al mi petrolon_ | doh-noo ahl mee + petrol | | peh-tro'lohn + I want a | _Mi deziras | mee dehzeer'ahss + carburator for | karburatoron por | kahr-boo-rahtohr'ohn + motor-car | auxtomobilo_ | pohr + | | ahw-toh-mohbee'lo + The clutch is out | _La konektumo ne | la kohnehktoo'mo neh + of order | funkcias_ | foonk-tsee'ahss + Have you examined | _Cxu vi ekzamenis la | choo vee + my | rapidsxangxan | ehkzahmeh'neess la + speed-changing | mekanismon?_ | rah-peed'shahn'jahn + gear? | | mehkah-nees'mohn? + Replace my brake | _Remetu mian bremson_ | rehmeh'too mee-ahn + | | brehm-sohn + My back spring is | _Mia malantauxa risorto | mee-ah mahl-ahntah'wah + broken | estas rompita_ | ree-sohr'toh ehstahss + | | rohmpee'tah + Have you an | _Cxu vi havas | choo vee hah-vahss + accumulator-- | akumulatoron--de kvar | ah-koomoo- + four volts? | voltoj?_ | lahtohr'ohn--deh + | | kvahr vohl-toy? + What is the power | _Kioma estas la potenco | keeoh'ma eh-stahss la + of this motor? | de tiu cxi | po-tehnt'so deh + | auxtomobilo?_ | tee-oo chee + | | ahwtohmohbee'lo? + This is an | _Tiu cxi estas masxino | tee-oo chee eh-stahss + eight-horse- | de okcxevala potenco_ | mahshee'no deh + power engine | | ohk'chehvah'lah + | | potehnt'so + A pinion is wanted | _Mankas dentradeto cxe | mahn-kahss + for the small | la malgranda akso_ | dehnt'rah-deh'toh + axle | | cheh la + | | mahl-grahn'dah ahk'so + I want my | _Mi deziras sxargigi | mee dehzeer'ahss + accumulator | mian akumulatoron_ | shar-ghee'ghee + charged | | mee-ahn + | | ah-koomoolahtohr'ohn + I have lost my | _Mi perdis mian kornon_ | mee pehrdeess mee-ahn + horn (_or_ | (or _blekilon_) | kohr'nohn + hooter) | | (blehkee'lohn) + Are you an | _Cxu vi estas sperta | choo vee eh-stahss + experienced | motorveturigisto?_ | spehr-tah + driver? | | motohr'veh-tooree- + | | gheess'toh? + What experience | _Kiun spertadon vi | kee'oon spehrtah'dohn + have you had? | havis?_ | vee hah'veess? + Drive slowly | _Veturu malrapide tra | vehtoor'oo + through the town | la urbo_ | mahlrahpee'deh trah + | | la oor-bo + Speed not to | _La rapideco devas ne | la rahpeedeht'so + exceed...miles | esti pli ol...mejloj | deh-vahss neh eh-stee + per hour | cxiuhore_ | plee ohl...meh'y-loy + | | chee-oo-ho'reh + + +60. Photography. (_La Fotografarto._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 25.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Must permission be | _Cxu oni devas havi | choo oh-nee deh-vahss + obtained to | permeson por | hah-vee pehrmeh'sohn + photograph? | fotografi?_ | pohr fo-tograh'fee? + I wish to take the | _Mi volas fotografi la | mee vo-lahss + interior | internon_ | fo-tograh'fee la + | | intehr'nohn + Have you brought | _Cxu vi kunportis vian | choo vee koonpor'teess + your camera? | kamereton?_ | veeahn + | | kam-ehreh'tohn? + This is my camera | _Tio cxi estas mia | tee-oh chee eh-stahss + | kamereto_ | mee-ah kam-ehreh'toh + The lens is broken | _La lenso estas | la lehn-so eh-stahss + | rompita_ | rohmpee'tah + The light is too | _La lumo estas tro | la loo-mo eh-stahss tro + strong | forta_ | fohr-tah + What exposure must | _Kiom mi devas espozi | kee-ohm mee deh-vahss + I give it? | gxin?_ | ehspo'zee jeen? + It is out of focus | _Gxi ne estas gxuste en | jee neh ehstahss + | fokuso_ | joo'steh ehn + | | fo-koo'so + What size of plate | _Kioman grandon de | keeoh'mahn grahndohn + do you use? | plato vi uzas?_ | deh plah-toh vee + | | oo-zahss? + Have you a dark | _Cxu vi havas | choo vee hah'vahss + room? | rivelejon?_ | ree-vehleh'yohn? + I want to develop | _Mi volas riveli | mee vo-lahss reeveh'lee + some plates | kelkajn platojn_ | kehl'kahyn plah-toyn + This plate is | _Tiu cxi plato estas | tee-oo chee plah-toh + spoilt | difektita_ | eh-stahss + | | deefehk-tee'tah + That is due to | _Tio estas pro troa | tee-oh eh-stahss pro + over-exposure | espozo_ | tro-ah ehspo'zo + I am going to | _Mi presos plu da | mee preh'sohss ploo da + print more | ekzempleroj_ | ehkzehm-pleh'roy + copies | | + This was spoilt in | _Tiu cxi difektigxis | tee-oo chee + the printing | dum la presado_ | deefehktee'jeess doom + | | la prehsah'doh + What a beautiful | _Kiel bela | kee-ehl beh-la + photograph! | fotografajxo!_ | fo-to-grahfah'zho! + The grouping is | _La gruparangxo estas | la groop-ahrahn'jo + very good | tre bona_ | eh-stahss treh bo-nah + I have secured | _Mi kaptis bonegajn | mee kahp-teess + some fine views | vidajxojn_ | bo-neh'gahyn + | | veedah'zhoyn + Do you sell | _Cxu vi vendas | choo vee vehn-dahss + photographic | fotografajn | fo-tograh'fahyn + materials? | materialojn?_ | mahteh-reeah'loyn? + I want some pretty | _Mi deziras beletajn | mee dehzeer'ahss + mounts | muntokartojn_ | beh-leh'tahyn + | | moontoh-kahr'toyn + What do you | _Kion vi bezonas?_ | kee-ohn vee + require? | | behzohn'ahss? + I should like some | _Mi bezonas plu da | mee behzoh'nahss ploo + more films | filmoj_ | dah feel-moy + + +61. Religion. (_La Religio._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 26.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Is there an | _Cxu estas cxi tie | choo eh-stahss chee + English church | Angla pregxejo?_ | tee-eh ahnglah + here? | | prehjeh'yo? + Is it near here? | _Cxu gxi estas proksima | choo jee ehstahss + | de tie cxi?_ | prohksee'ma deh + | | tee-eh chee? + Who is the | _Kiu estas la | kee-oo eh-stahss la + preacher? | predikanto?_ | prehdee-kahn'toh? + What time is the | _Je kioma horo | yeh keeoh'ma horo + service? | komencigxas la | kohmentsee'jahss la + | diservo?_ | deesehr'vo? + The seats must be | _Oni devas pagi pri la | oh-nee deh-vahss + paid for | sidlokoj_ | pahghee pree la + | | seed-lo'koy + The seats are free | _La sidlokoj estas | la seed-lo'koy + | senpagaj_ | eh-stahss + | | sehnpah'gahy + Is there a | _Cxu estas monkolekto?_ | choo ehstahss + collection? | | mohnko-lek'toh? + An offertory is | _Oni faras monkolekton_ | ohnee fahrahss + taken | | mohnko-lek'tohn + Can you find me a | _Cxu vi povas trovi por | choo vee povahss trovee + seat? | mi sidejon?_ | pohr mee sid-eh'yohn? + The verger will | _La pedelo trovos | la pehdeh'lo tro-vohss + find you a seat | sidejon por vi_ | sid-eh'yohn pohr vee + Mass is being | _Oni faras la meson_ | oh-nee fah-rahss la + celebrated | | meh-sohn + Let us wait--go | _Ni atendu--ni iru_ | nee ahtehn'doo--nee + | | eer'oo + Pass me a | _Volu transdoni | vo-loo trahnsdoh'nee + hymn-book | himnolibron_ | him'no-lee'brohn + What other | _Kiuj aliaj diservoj | kee-ooy ahlee'ahy + services are | estas?_ | deesehr'voy + there? | | eh-stahss? + + +62. The Time of Day. (_La Horo._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + What time is it? | _Kioma horo estas?_ | kee-oh'ma ho-ro + | | ehstahss? + It has just struck | _Jxus sonis la nauxa | zhooss so-neess la + nine | (horo)_ | nahwah (ho-ro) + Exactly 3 o'clock | _Precize la tria_ | prehtsee'zeh la tree-ah + Ten (minutes) past | _Dek minutoj post la | dehk meenoo'toy post la + seven | sepa_ | seh-pa + A quarter past one | _Kvarono post la unua_ | kvahro'no post la + | | oonoo'ah + Half-past four | _Duono post la kvara_ | doo-o'no post la kvahra + Twenty (minutes) | _Dudek minutoj antaux | doo-dehk meenoo'toy + to six | la sesa_ | ahn'tahw la seh-sah + At what time? | _Je kioma horo?_ | yeh kee-oh'ma ho-ro? + At a quarter to | _Je kvarono antaux la | yeh kvahro'no ahn'tahw + eight | oka_ | la oh-kah + At nine a.m. | _Je la nauxa matene_ | yeh la nah-wah + | | mahteh'neh + Seven-fifteen p.m. | _La sepa-dek-kvin | la seh'pa-dehk-kveen + | vespere_ | veh-speh'reh + Is it late? | _Cxu estas malfrue?_ | choo eh-stahss + | | mahlfroo'eh? + It is (not) late | _(Ne) estas malfrue_ | (neh) eh-stahss + | | mahlfroo'eh + It is still early | _Estas ankoraux frue_ | eh-stahss ahnko'rahw + | | froo'eh + It is getting late | _Malfruigxas_ | mahl-froo-ee'jahss + It is only ten | _Estas nur la deka_ | eh-stahss noor la + | | deh-kah + The clock is | _La horo sonas_ | la ho-ro so-nahss + striking | | + + +63. Times, Seasons and Weather. (_La Horoj, la Sezonoj, kaj la Vetero._) + +(For Vocabularies see sections 1 & 8.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + This day week | _Unu semajnon de | oo-noo sehmah'y-nohn + | hodiaux_ | deh ho-dee'ahw + That was three or | _Tio okazis antaux tri | tee-oh ohkah'zeess + four days ago | aux kvar tagoj_ | ahn'tahw tree ahw + | | kvahr tah-goy + To-morrow | _Du semajnojn de | doo sehmah'y-nohn deh + fortnight | morgaux_ | mohr'gahw + At about this time | _Proksimume je tiu cxi | prohksee-moo'meh yeh + | horo_ | tee-oo chee ho-ro + In a month's time | _Post unu monato_ | post oo-noo mohnah'toh + The first of next | _La unua de l' proksima | la oonoo'ah dehl + month | monato_ | prohksee'mah + | | mohnah'toh + In (after) six | _Post ses semajnoj_ | post sehss sehmah'ynoy + weeks | | + On the last day of | _La lastan tagon de l' | la lah-stahn tah-gohn + the month | monato_ | dehl mohnah'toh + At the end of this | _Je la fino de tiu cxi | yeh la fee-no deh + month | monato_ | tee-oo chee + | | mohnah'toh + Towards the middle | _Cxirkaux la mezo de | cheer'kahw la meh-zo + of January | Januaro_ | deh yahnooah'ro + In the course of a | _En la dauxro de unu | ehn la dahw'ro deh + week | semajno_ | oo-noo sehmah'y-no + From time to time | _De l'tempo al tempo_ | dehl tehmpo ahl tehmpo + From one day to | _De unu tago al alia_ | deh oo-noo tah-go ahl + another | | ahlee'ah + A few days ago | _Antaux kelkaj tagoj_ | ahn'tahw kehl'kahy + | | tah-goy + A short time since | _Antaux nelonga tempo_ | ahn'tahw nehlohn'gah + | | tehmpo + Scarcely two days | _Antaux apenaux du | ahn'tahw apeh'nahw doo + ago | tagoj_ | tahgoy + At least a month | _Antaux almenaux unu | ahn'tahw ahlmeh'nahw + ago | monato_ | oo-noo mo-nah'toh + It is full moon | _Estas plena luno_ | ehstahss plehnah loono + The heat is | _La varmo estas | la varmo ehstahss + unbearable | neelportebla_ | nehehlpohrteh'blah + I am very warm | _Mi estas tre varma_ | mee ehstahss treh varma + I am afraid it | _Mi timas, ke pluvos_ | mee teemahss, keh + will rain | | ploovohss + We shall have a | _Ni havos fulmotondron_ | nee ha-vohss + storm | | fool-mo-tohn'drohn + Did you see the | _Cxu vi vidis la | choo vee vee-dees la + lightning? | fulmon?_ | fool-mohn? + I heard the | _Mi auxdis la tondron_ | mee ahw-dees la + thunder | | tohn-drohn + How it pours! | _Kiel pluvegas!_ | kee-ehl plooveh'gahss! + Would you like an | _Cxu vi deziras | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + umbrella? | pluvombrelon?_ | ploov-ohmbreh'lohn? + I am wet through | _Mi estas trae | mee eh-stahas trah-eh + | malsekigita_ | mahlsehkee-ghee'tah + Look at the | _Rigardu la cxielarkon_ | reegahr'doo la + rainbow | | chee-ehlahr'kohn + It is growing very | _Tre malvarmigxas_ | treh mahlvarmee'jahass + cold | | + Winter will soon | _La vintro baldaux | la veen-tro bahl'dahw + be here | alvenos_ | ahlveh'nohss + It snows | _Negxas_ | neh-jahss + It freezes--it | _Frostas--degelas_ | fro-stahss-- + thaws | | dehgheh'lahss + It is very dirty | _Estas tre malpure_ | eh-stahss treh + | | mahl-poor'eh + It is very windy | _Tre ventas_ | treh vehntahss + How high the wind | _Kiel forta estas la | kee-ehl fohrtah + is! | vento!_ | ehstahss la vehntoh! + The wind is in the | _La vento blovas el la | la vehntoh blovahss ehl + east | oriento_ | la ohree-ehn'toh + The dust is | _La polvo estas terura_ | la pohlvo eh-stahss + terrible | | teh-roor'ah + I hope it will be | _Mi esperas, ke la | mee espeh'rahss, keh la + fine | vetero estos bela_ | vehteh'ro ehstohss + | | behla + What a beautiful | _Kiel bela tago!_ | kee-ehl beh-la tah-go! + day! | | + + +64. Post and Telegraph. (_La Posxto kaj la Telegrafo._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 30.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Number of Customs' | _Nombro de doganaj | nohm'bro deh + declarations | deklaroj_ | dohgah'nahy + | | dehklah'roy + Nature of contents | _Priskribo de la | preeskree'bo deh la + | enhavo_ | ehnhah'vo + Value of contents | _Valoro de la enhavo_ | vahlohr'oh deh la + | | ehnhah'vo + Stamp of office of | _Stampo de la | stahm-po deh la + origin | elsendinta oficejo_ | ehl-sehndin'tah + | | offeetseh'yo + Place of | _Kien sendata_ | kee-ehn sehndah'tah + destination | | + Name and address | _Nomo kaj adreso de | no-mo kahy ahdreh'so + of sender | l'sendinto_ | dehl sehndin'toh + Where is the | _Kie estas la | kee-eh ehstahss la + post-office? | posxtoficejo?_ | pohst-offeetseh'yo? + Have you any | _Cxu vi havas leterojn | choo vee hah-vahss + letters for...? | por...?_ | letehr'oyn pohr...? + Will this letter | _Cxu tiu cxi letero | choo tee-oo chee + go to-night? | forsendigxos jam | lehtehr'o + | hodiaux nokte?_ | fohrsendee'johss yahm + | | ho-dee'ahw nok-teh? + What stamp will | _Kiom estos la afranko | kee-ohm eh-stohss la + this letter | de tiu cxi letero?_ | ahfrahn'ko deh tee-oo + require? | | chee lehteh'roh? + To register a | _Registri leteron_ | rehghis'tree + letter | | lehtehr'ohn + I wish to send a | _Mi volas sendi | mee vo-lahss sehn-dee + telegram | telegramon_ | tehlehgrah'mohn + The first ten | _La unuaj dek vorto_ | la oonoo'ahy dehk + words | | vortoy + Every extra word | _Cxiu plua vorto_ | chee-oo ploo-ah vor-toh + I expect a | _Mi atendas telegramon | mee ahten'dahss + telegram to-day | hodiaux_ | tehleh-grah'mohn + | | ho-dee'ahw + When does the post | _Kiam alvenas la | kee-ahm ahlveh'nahs la + from Rome come? | kuriero de Romo?_ | kooree-eh'ro deh + | | romo? + The letters will | _La leteroj estos | la lehteh'roy eh-stohss + be delivered | alportataj cxirkaux | ahl-portah'tahy + about noon | la tagmezo_ | cheer'kahw la + | | tahg-meh'zo + When does the mail | _Je kioma horo foriras | yeh kee-oh'ma ho-ro + leave for Italy? | la kuriero por | foreer'ahss la + | Italujo?_ | kooree-eh'ro pohr + | | eetaloo'yo? + Is the London mail | _Cxu la Londona kuriero | choo la lohndoh'nah + in yet? | ankoraux alvenis?_ | kooree-eh'ro + | | ahnko'rahw + | | ahlveh'neess? + When is the next | _Kiam okazos la | kee-ahm ohkah'zohss la + delivery? | proksima disporto?_ | proksee'mah + | | dispor'toh? + The latest | _La lasta disporto | la lah-stah dispor'toh + delivery is | okazas je la..._ | ohkah'zahss yeh la... + at... | | + I want a money | _Mi deziras | mee dehzeer'ahss + order for... | posxtmandaton por..._ | posht-mahndah'tohn + | | pohr... + Payable at the | _Pagebla cxe la Cxefa | pah-gheh'blah cheh la + General | Posxtoficejo, | cheh'fah + Post-office, | Londono_ | posht-offeetseh'yo + London | | lohndoh'no + What is the | _Kiom da afranko pri | kee-ohm dah ahfrahn'ko + postage on this | tiu cxi letero?_ | pree tee-oo chee + letter? | | lehteh'roh? + Is this letter | _Cxu tiu cxi letero | choo tee-oo chee + over-weight? | estas tro peza?_ | lehteh'roh ehstahss + | | tro pehzah? + It requires | _Gxi bezonas pluan | jee bezoh'nahss plooahn + another stamp | posxtmarkon_ | posht-mar'kohn + + +65. Correspondence. (_La Korespondado_) + +(For Vocabulary see section 31.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + I have a letter to | _Mi devas respondi | mee deh-vahss + answer | leteron_ | rehspohn'dee + | | lehteh'rohn + I must write a | _Mi devas skribi | mee deh-vahss skreebee + letter | leteron_ | lehtehr'ohn + Do you want a pen? | _Cxu vi deziras | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + | plumon?_ | ploo-mon? + I want some paper | _Mi bezonas paperon kaj | mee behzoh'nahss + and envelopes | kovertojn_ | pahpeh'rohn kahy + | | kovehr'toyn + Will you give me | _Cxu vi donos al mi | choo vee doh-nohss ahl + some? | iom?_ | mee ee-ohm? + Lend me a sheet | _Pruntedonu al mi | proon-teh-doh'noo ahl + | folion_ | mee fohlee'ohn + Have you any? | _Cxu vi havas iom?_ | choo vee hah-vahss + | | ee-ohm? + Can you lend me a | _Cxu vi povas | choo vee povahss + pen? | pruntedoni al mi | proon-teh-doh'nee ahl + | plumon?_ | mee ploo-mohn? + Do you like a soft | _Cxu vi sxatas molan | choo vee shah-tahss + pen? | plumon?_ | mo-lahn ploo-mohn? + I like a hard one | _Mi preferas malmolan_ | mee preh-fehr'ahss + | | mahlmo'lahn + Where is the ink? | _Kie estas la inko?_ | kee-eh eh-stahss la + | | eenko? + There is no ink | _Ne estas inko_ | neh eh-stahss een-ko + What is the day of | _La kioma tago de | la kee-oh'ma tahgo dehl + the month? | l'monato estas?_ | mo-nah'toh eh-stahss? + To-day is the | _Hodiaux estas la unua_ | ho-dee'ahw eh-stahss la + first | | oonoo'ah + This is the ninth | _Hodiaux estas la | ho-dee'ahw eh-stahss la + | nauxa_ | nah-wah + Is your letter | _Cxu via letero estas | choo vee-ah lehteh'roh + ready for the | preta par la posxto?_ | eh-stahss preh-tah + post? | | por la posh-toh? + Seal your letter | _Sigelu vian leteron_ | sigeh'loo vee-ahn + | | lehteh'rohn + There is no | _Ne estas sigelvakso_ | neh eh-stahss + sealing-wax | | sigehlvahk'so + Take this letter | _Portu tiun cxi leteron | portoo tee-oon chee + to the post | al la posxto_ | lehteh'rohn ahl la + | | posh-toh + Pay the postage | _Afranku gxin_ | ahfrahn'koo jin + + +66. Legal and Judicial. (_Legxaj kaj Juraj Frazoj._) + +(For Vocabulary, see section 28.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Call the police | _Alvoku policanon_ | ahlvo'koo + | | pohleet-sah'nohn + I give this man in | _Mi arestigas tiun cxi | mee ahreh-stee'gahss + charge | homon_ | tee-oon chee ho'mohn + What do you charge | _Pri kio vi akuzas | pree kee-oh vee + him with? | lin?_ | ahkoo'zahss lin? + He has stolen my | _Li sxtelis mian | lee shteh-leess mee-ahn + purse | monujon_ | monoo'yohn + He has taken my | _Li prenis mian | lee prehneess mee-ahn + watch | posx-horlogxon_ | posh-horlo'john + Where is the | _Kie estas la | kee-eh eh-stahss la + police-station? | policejo?_ | pohleet-seh'yo? + Have you any | _Cxu vi havas | choo vee hah-vahss + witnesses? | atestantojn?_ | ahteh-stahn'toyn? + I have two | _Mi havas du | mee hahvahss doo + witnesses | atestantojn_ | ahtehstahn'toyn + Where is the | _Kie estas la | kee-eh eh-stahss la + court? | tribunalo?_ | treeboonah'lo? + You must take out | _Vi devas eldonigi | vee deh-vahss + a summons | asignon_ | ehldoh-nee'ghee + | | ahseeg'nohn + I want a summons | _Mi deziras asignon_ | mee dehzeer'ahss + | | ah-seeg'nohn + Do you wish to | _Cxu vi deziras | choo vee dehzeer'ahss + prosecute? | persekuti?_ | pehrsehkoo'tee? + I don't care to | _Mi ne volas persekuti_ | mee neh vo-lahss + prosecute | | pehr-sehkoo'tee + What do you | _Kion vi konsilas?_ | kee'ohn vee + advise? | | konsee'lahss? + What am I to do? | _Kion mi faru?_ | kee-ohn mee fah-roo? + Can you recommend | _Cxu vi povas rekomendi | choo vee po-vahss + me a solicitor? | al mi solicitoron?_ | reh-komehn'dee ahl + | | mee + | | sohleet-seetor'ohn? + Will you take up | _Cxu vi okupos vin pri | choo vee ohkoo'pohss + my case? | mia afero?_ | vin pree mee-ah + | | ahfeh'roh? + Can I have an | _Cxu mi povas havi | choo mee po-vahss + interpreter? | interpretiston?_ | hahvee + | | intehrprehtis'ton? + I want bail | _Mi deziras, ke oni min | mee dehzeer'ahss, keh + | liberigu je kauxcio_ | oh-nee min + | | libehree'goo yeh + | | kahwtsee'oh + Send to my friends | _Sendu iun al miaj | sehn-doo ee-oon ahl + | amikoj_ | mee'ahy ahmee'koy + Where is the | _Kie estas la Brita | kee-eh eh-stahss la + British Embassy | Ambasadorejo | bree-tah + (Consulate)? | (Konsulejo)?_ | ahmbahsahdoreh'yo + | | (konsooleh'yo)? + This is quite | _Tio estas tute | tee-oh eh-stahss + wrong | malgxusta_ | too-teh mahl-joos'tah + It is not just | _Ne estas juste_ | neh eh-stahss yoos-teh + I accept your | _Mi akceptas vian | mee ahktsehp'tahss + apology | peton_ | veeahn peh-tohn + I apologise | _Mi petas pardonon_ | mee peh-tahss + | | pardoh'nohn + It was all a | _La tuta afero estis | la too-tah ahfehr'oh + mistake | eraro_ | eh-steess ehrah'ro + I claim damages | _Mi postulas | mee postoo'lahss + | monkompenson_ | mohnkompehn'sohn + The case is | _La proceso estas | la prohtseh'so + adjourned | prokrastita gxis..._ | eh-stahss + until... | | prohkrah-stee'tah + | | jiss... + I will be here | _Mi estos tie cxi_ | mee ehstohss tee-eh + | | chee + + +67. Commercial and Trading. (_Komercaj kaj Negocaj Frazoj._) + +(For Vocabulary see section 29.) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + The firm has | _La firmo bankrotis_ | la feer'mo + failed | | bahnkro'teess + What assets are | _Kiom da aktivo estas?_ | kee-ohm dah ahktee'vo + there? | | eh-stahss? + Show me a | _Montru al mi bilancon_ | mohn-troo ahl mee + balance-sheet | | bee-lahnt'sohn + What dividend is | _Kioman dividendon oni | keeohman dividen'dohn + declared? | deklaris?_ | ohnee deklah'reess? + The Bank rate is | _La Banka kurso | la bahn-kah koor-so + down | malaltigxis_ | mahlahltee'jeess + Send in my account | _Sendu mian konton_ | sehn-doo mee-ahn + | | kontohn + There is an error | _Estas eraro en via | eh-stahss eh-rah'ro ehn + in your account | konto_ | vee-ah kon-toh + You have | _Vi kalkulis al mi tro | vee kahlkoo'leess ahl + over-charged me | kare_ | mee tro kah-reh + This has been paid | _Tio estas pagita_ | teeoh ehstahss + | | pahgheetah + Your account is | _Estas jam post la | ehstahss yahm pohst la + overdue | pagdato de via konto_ | pahg-dah'toh deh + | | veeah kon-toh + Give me a receipt | _Donu al mi kvitancon_ | donoo ahl mee + | | kvitahnt'sohn + My samples are | _Miaj specimenoj | mee'ahy + delayed | malfruas_ | speht-seemeh'noy + | | mahl-froo'ahss + Your esteemed | _Via sxatata mendo | vee-ah shahtah'tah + order to hand | alvenis_ | mehndoh ahlveh'neess + We require trade | _Ni bezonas | nee behzoh'nahss + references | negocreferencojn_ | nehgohts- + | | rehfehrent'soyn + I have a letter of | _Mi havas prezentan | mee havahss + introduction | leteron_ | prehzehn'tahn + | | lehteh'rohn + When can you | _Kiam vi povas liveri | kee-ahm vee po-vahss + deliver the | la komercajxojn?_ | leeveh'ree la + goods? | | komehrtsah'zhoyn? + We will deliver on | _Ni liveros la unuan de | nee leeveh'rohss la + the 1st proximo | la proksima monato_ | oonoo'ahn deh la + | | proksee'mah + | | mohnah'toh + To execute an | _Plenumi mendon_ | plehnoo'mee mehndohn + order | | + Can I insure my | _Cxu mi povas asekuri | choo mee po-vahss + baggage? | miajn pakajxojn?_ | ahsehkoo'ree mee'ahyn + | | pahkah'zhoyn? + Your baggage is | _Viaj pakajxoj estas | vee'ahy pahkah'zhoy + liable to duty | imposteblaj_ | eh-stahss + | | imposteh'blahy + What is the rate? | _Po kiom?_ | po kee-ohm? + To discount a bill | _Diskonti kambion_ | diskon'tee kahmbee'ohn + Will you accept a | _Cxu vi akceptos | choo vee ahktsehp'tohss + bill? | kambion?_ | kahmbee'ohn? + Give me your | _Donu al mi vian | dohnoo ahl mee vee-ahn + estimate | kostproponon_ | kost-prohpo'nohn + Quote me a price | _Proponu prezon_ | prohpo'noo preh-zohn + Carriage forward | _Transporto pagota de | trahnspor'toh + | la ricevonto_ | pahgoh'tah deh la + | | ritsehvon'toh + Send by fast train | _Sendu per rapidira | sehn'doo pehr + | vagono_ | rahpeedee'rah + | | vahgo'no + It is short weight | _Mankas iom al la pezo_ | mahn-kahss ee-ohm ahl + | | la peh-zo + What is the | _Kiom estas la pezo?_ | kee-ohm eh-stahss la + weight? | | peh-zo? + The consignment is | _La sendajxo estas | la sehndah'zho ehstahss + bad | malbona_ | mahl-bo'nah + Not according to | _Ne laux specimeno_ | neh lahw spehtseemeh'no + sample | | + + +68. Changing Money. (_Por sxangxi monon._) + + English. | Esperanto. | Pronunciation. + -------------------+-------------------------+------------------------ + Where can I get | _Kie mi povas sxangxigi | kee-eh mee po-vahss + money changed? | monon?_ | shahnjee'ghee + | | mo-nohn? + I want change for | _Mi volas havi monerojn | mee volahss hahvee + a five-pound | por kvinfunta | moneh'royn por + note | bankbileto_ | kvinfoon'tah + | | bahnk-beeleh'toh + Will you give me | _Volu doni al mi Anglan | vo-loo doh-nee ahl mee + English money? | monon?_ | ahn-glahn mo-nohn? + What is the | _Po kiom estas la kurso | po kee-ohm eh-stahss la + exchange on | pri Angla mono?_ | koor-so pree ahn-glah + English money? | | mo-no? + A bank-note | _Bankbileto_ | bahnk-beeleh'toh + Will you change me | _Cxu vi povas sxangxi | choo vee po-vahss + these | por mi cxi tiujn | shahnjee por mee chee + sovereigns? | funtojn sterlingajn?_ | tee-ooyn foon-toyn + | | stehrlin'gahyn? + Will you cash this | _Cxu vi povas sxangxi | choo vee po-vahss + cheque for me? | por mi cxi tiun | shahnjee por mee chee + | cxekon?_ | tee-oon cheh-kohn? + This cheque needs | _Estas necese, gxiri | eh-stahss nehtseh'seh, + endorsing | tiun cxi cxekon_ | jee-ree tee-oon chee + | | cheh-kohn + + + + +MONEY, WEIGHTS & MEASURES. + + +MONEY. (_Mono._) + +The following tables will be found useful: + +English Money, with French, German and Italian Equivalents. + + ENGLISH. | FRENCH. | GERMAN. | ITALIAN. + -------------+-------------+-------------+----------- + L. s. d. | Fr. C. | Mark Pf. | Lire Cent. + 50 0 0 | 1250 00 | 1000 00 | 1260 00 + 10 0 0 | 250 00 | 200 00 | 252 00 + 5 0 0 | 125 00 | 100 00 | 126 00 + 4 0 0 | 100 00 | 80 00 | 100 80 + 1 0 0 | 25 00 | 20 00 | 25 20 + 16 0 | 20 00 | 16 00 | 20 16 + 10 0 | 12 50 | 10 00 | 12 60 + 5 0 | 6 25 | 5 00 | 6 30 + 4 0 | 5 00 | 4 00 | 5 04 + 2 6 | 3 12.5 | 2 50 | 3 15 + 1 0 | 1 25 | 1 00 | 1 25 + 6 | 62.5 | 50 | 62 + 5 | 52 | 41 | 52 + 4 | 41 | 33 | 41 + 1 | 10 | 8 | 10 + 0-1/2 | 5 | 4 | 5 + +French, German and Italian Money, with English Equivalents. + + FRENCH. ENGLISH. | GERMAN. ENGLISH. | ITALIAN. ENGLISH. + -----------------------+--------------------+--------------------------- + L. s. d. | s. d. | L. s. d. + 50 francs = 2 0 0 | 1 mark = 1 0 | 50 lire = 1 19 8 + 20 " = 16 0 | 8 pfennig = 1 | 20 " = 16 0 + 5 " = 4 0 | 4 " = 1/2 | 5 " = 4 0 + 1 franc = 10 | | 1 lira = 9-1/2 + 10 centimes = 1 | | 10 centesimi = 1 + 5 " = 1/2 | | 5 " = 1/2 + +Considerable use is also made by Esperantists of the International +Auxiliary Money-unit (_Internacia Helpa Mono_) introduced by M. Rene de +Saussure, of the Internacia Scienca Asocio, Geneva. The unit is the +_Speso_, equivalent to one-tenth of a farthing in English money. + + 10 _spesoj_ (abbr. 10 _s._) = 1 _spesdeko_ (1 _sd._) = 1/4d. + 100 _spesdekoj_ (100 _sd._) = 1 _spesmilo_ (1 _sm._) = 2s. 0d. + 1 _sm._ = 100 _sd._ = 1,000 _s._ + +The approximate values of 10 _spesmiloj_ in terms of the various +national units are as follows: 10 _spesmiloj_ = 25 francs = 20 shillings += 20 marks = 5 dollars = 24 Austrian kroner = 18 Scandinavian kroner = +12 Dutch florins = 9-1/2 roubles = 4-1/2 Portuguese milreis = 9 +Brazilian milreis = 5 pesetas = 9-3/4 yen. + +The chief point to remember is that 1 _spesmilo_ equals 2 shillings, and +1 _spesdeko_ equals approximately 1 farthing. + + +WEIGHTS & MEASURES. (_Pezoj kaj Mezuroj._) + +The Metric System is the one in general use among Esperantists. The +following table shows the essential decimal character of the system: + + Parts. Length. Weight. Capacity. + One-thousandth. Milimetro. Miligramo. Mililitro. + One-hundredth. Centimetro. Centigramo. Centilitro. + One-tenth. Decimetro. Decigramo. Decilitro. + ONE. METRO (unit). GRAMO (unit). LITRO (unit). + Ten. Dekametro. Dekagramo. Dekalitro. + Hundred. Hektometro. Hektogramo. Hektolitro. + Thousand. Kilometro. Kilogramo. Kilolitro. + + +MEASURES OF LENGTH. (_Mezuroj de Longeco._) + + English. Esperanto. + 1 inch = 2.54 _centimetroj_ + 1 foot (12 in.) = 30.48 " + 1 yard (3 ft.) = 91.43 " + 1 furlong (220 yds.) = 201 _metroj_ + 1 mile (1760 yds.) = 1.61 _kilometroj_ + 5 miles = 8.05 " + + Esperanto. English. + 1 _centimetro_ = 0.394 (1/3) inch + 1 _decimetro_ = 3.94 inches + 1 _metro_ = 39.37 in. (3 ft. 3-1/3 in.) + 1 _hektometro_ = 109 yds. 1 ft. + 1 _kilometro_ = 1093 yds. (5/8 mile) + 5 _kilometroj_ = 3 miles 220 yds. + + +WEIGHTS. (_Pezoj._) + + English. Esperanto. + 1 ounce... = 28 _gramoj_ + 1 lb. (16 oz.) = 453 " + 1 stone (14 lb.) = 6 _kilo._ 345 _gr._ + 1 quarter (28 lb.) = 12 _kilo._ 690 _gr._ + 1 cwt. (112 lb.) = 50 _kilo._ 750 _gr._ + 1 ton (20 cwt.) = 1015 _kilogramoj_ + + Esperanto. English. + 1 _gramo_ = .0357 (1/30) oz. (15.432 gr.) + 1 _hektogramo_ = 3-1/2 oz. + 1 _kilogramo_ = 2.2 lb. + 5 _kilogramoj_ = 11 lb. + 1000 " = 19 cwt. 2 qr. 23 lb. + + +LIQUIDS. (_Fluidajxoj._) + + English. Esperanto. + 1 pint = 0.57 _litro_ + 1 quart (2 pints) = 1.14 _litroj_ + 1 gallon (4 quarts) = 4.54 " + 1 barrel (36 gallons) = 160.32 " + 1 hogshead (54 gall.) = 240.48 " + + Esperanto. English. + 1 _litro_ = 1.76 (1-3/4) pints (0.22 gall.) + 5 _litroj_ = 1 gallon 1 pint + 1 _hektolitro_ = 22 gallons + 1 _kilolitro_ = 220 " + + +AREA. (_Areo._) + + English. Esperanto. + 1 sq. inch = 6.45 _kvadrataj centimetroj_ + 1 sq. foot = 9.29 " _decimetroj_ + 1 sq. yard = 83.6 " _decimetroj_ + 1 acre = 4046.78 _kv. metroj_ + + Esperanto. English. + 1 _centiaro_ (1 _kv. metro_) = 1.196 sq. yd. + 1 _aro_ (100 _kv. metroj_) = 0.099 rood + 1 _hektaro_ (10,000 _kv. metroj_) = 2.471 acres + +The following Esperanto translations of English units are sometimes +needed: _Colo_, inch; _futo_, foot; _jardo_, yard; _mejlo_, mile; +_unco_, ounce; _funto_, pound; _ekro_, acre. + + +POSTAGE. + +The postage on LETTERS from the United Kingdom to foreign countries +(except Egypt and the United States) is 2-1/2d. for 1 ounce, and 1-1/2d. +for each succeeding ounce or fraction thereof; POSTCARDS, 1d.; +NEWSPAPERS, 1/2d. for every 2 ounces; COMMERCIAL PAPERS, 2-1/2d. for the +first 10 ounces, and 1/2d. per 2 ounces thereafter. Special Coupons for +PREPAYMENT OF REPLY are issued in connection with many countries. + + NOTES + + [1] _Any information as to Esperanto groups, literature, etc., may be + obtained on application to The British Esperanto Association, 142, + High Holborn, London, W.C. 1._ + + [2] The names of trees and bushes are formed by adding the suffix + _-uj_ (or simply _-arbo_, tree) to the root denoting the fruit or + flower. E.g., _pruno_, plum--_prunujo_ or _prunarbo_, plum-tree; + _marono_, chestnut--_maronujo, maronarbo_, chestnut-tree; _rozo_, + rose--_rozujo, rozarbeto_, rose-bush. + + [3] See section "The Noun." + + [4] Where a country is called after its inhabitants, the Esperanto + name for it is formed by adding the suffix *-uj* (= that which + contains, see section "Suffixes") or *-lando* (land) to the root + denoting the inhabitant. Thus: _Belg-o_, Belgian--_Belg-ujo_, + Belgium; _Brito_, Briton--_Grandbritujo_, Great Britain; _Sviso_, a + Swiss--_Svisujo_, Switzerland; or _Belgolando, Skotlando, + Anglolando, Svislando,_ etc. Where the name of the inhabitants is + formed from that of the country, use is made of the suffix *-ano* (= + member of). Thus: _Euxropo_, Europe--_Euxropano_, European; + _Irlando_, Ireland--_Irlandano_, Irishman. + + [5] See *-an*, section "Suffixes". + + [6] See section "Participles". + + [7] See section "Suffixes". + + [8] See section "Suffixes". + + [9] For this purpose the small penny Esperanto "key," which contains + the fundamental roots of the language, will be found useful. It may + be obtained of any Esperanto bookseller. + + +------------------- +TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES + +The diacritical letters "c", "g", "h", "j" and "s" with hats, and "u" +with a breve, are represented in this version using the digraphs "cx", +"gx", "hx", "jx", "sx" and "ux" respectively. The letters "i" and "o" +with a breve are represented as "[)i]" and "[)o]" respectively. + +Text printed in _italics_ or in *bold* was represented as shown. + +References to page numbers have been rewritten to use section titles or +numbers (including sections 38 to 68 which are not numbered in the +original). + +The following typographic errors were corrected: + + p. 20, _piedovojeto_ > _piedvojeto_ + p. 46, _sxraubturnilo_ > _sxrauxbturnilo_ + p. 60, _Telephono_ > _Telefono_ (in title) + p. 78, _double_ > _duoble_ (_duoble_, doubly) + p. 85, _-ac_ > _-acx_ + p. 87, _autaux'cxambro_ > _antaux'cxambro_ + p. 101, _Lauhore_ > _Lauxhore_ + p. 103, _esta_ > _estas_ (_Cxu la matenmangxo estas...?_) + p. 108, _miaj-amikoj_ > _miaj amikoj_ + p. 114, _sxraubingon_ > _sxrauxbingon_ + p. 118, ight-horse-power > eight-horse-power + +as well as several punctuation errors and inconsistencies in the +Prononciation column of the tables, which were silently corrected. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Esperanto Self-Taught with Phonetic +Pronunciation, by William W. 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