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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: The School of Recreation (1684 edition) + Or, The Gentlemans Tutor, to those Most Ingenious Exercises + of Hunting, Racing, Hawking, Riding, Cock-fighting, Fowling, + Fishing + +Author: Robert Howlett + +Release Date: December 9, 2007 [EBook #23776] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SCHOOL OF RECREATION *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class = "mynote"> + +<p>This text uses utf-8 (unicode) file encoding. If the apostrophes and +quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an +incompatible browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure that the +browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). +You may also need to change your browser’s default font.</p> + +<p>Spelling, punctuation and capitalization— including the +variation between W and VV— are as in the original. Clear errors +are noted with <ins class = "correction" title = "like this">mouse-hover +popups</ins>. Some parts of the original text were illegible. Missing +words and letters were taken from the 1696 edition. They are printed in +<span class = "missing">lighter type</span>; page images showing +reconstructions are at the <a href = "#recon">end of the text</a>.</p> + +<p>The chapter on “Ringing” almost certainly contains undetected +typographical errors. Readers interested in solid information may +prefer <i>Tintinnalogia</i> (1671), Project Gutenberg <a href = +"http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18567" target = "_blank">e-text +18567</a>.</p> + +<p>Since there is no table of contents, the twelve bracketed items on +the title page (“Hunting”, “Racing”...) have been made into links to the +corresponding chapters.</p> + +</div> + + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/frontis.png" width = "309" height = "536" +alt = "The School of Recreation. +Printed for Henry Rodes near Bride Lane in Fleet Street."></p> + + +<table class = "titlepage" summary = "title page, outlined"> +<tr><td> +<a name = "titlepage" id = "titlepage"> </a> +<h4 class = "extended">THE</h4> + +<h1 class = "extended">SCHOOL</h1> + +<h5 class = "extended">OF</h5> + +<h2><b>RECREATION:</b></h2> + +<h4>Or, The</h4> + +<h2 class = "extended">Gentlemans</h2> + +<h2 class = "extended">TUTOR,</h2> + +<h5>To those</h5> + +<h3>Most Ingenious Exercises</h3> + +<h5 class = "extended">OF</h5> + +<table class = "bracket" summary = "list with brackets"> +<tr> +<td class = "bracket lft"> +<a href = "#hunting">Hunting</a>.<br> +<a href = "#racing">Racing</a>.<br> +<a href = "#hawking">Hawking</a>.<br> +<a href = "#riding">Riding</a>.<br> +<a href = "#cockfighting">Cock-Fighting</a>.<br> +<a href = "#fowling">Fowling</a>.<br> +</td> +<td class = "bracket rt"> +<a href = "#fishing">Fishing</a>.<br> +<a href = "#shooting">Shooting</a>.<br> +<a href = "#bowling">Bowling</a>.<br> +<a href = "#tennis">Tennis</a>.<br> +<a href = "#ringing">Ringing</a>.<br> +<a href = "#billiards">Billiards</a>.<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr> +<h4>By <b>R. H.</b></h4> +<hr> + +<h6><i>London</i>, Printed for <i>H. Rodes</i>, next door to the<br> +<i>Bear-Tavern</i> near <i>Bride-Lane</i> in <i>Fleet-Street</i>, +1684.<br> + </h6> +</td></tr> +</table> + +<div class = "intro"> + +<p class = "decoration"> </p> + +<span class = "folionum">A3</span> +<h4>TO THE</h4> + +<h1>READER.</h1> + +<p><span class = "firstletter">M</span>AN, the Abridgement of the +Creation, or the <em>Compendium</em> of all Gods Works, having divested +himself by Sin of that Original Innocence and Angelical State of Life +wherein his Creator had placed him, and thereby Subjected his collapsed +Nature to the Malediction of God, <em>In the sweat of thy Face thou +shalt eat thy Bread</em>, &c. It pleased however the Almighty to +continue and confirm that Original +<span class = "folionum">||</span> +grand <em>Charter</em> he had at first granted him, of being <em>Lord of +the Creatures</em>: Hereby intimating, That tho man is now <em>Born to +Trouble, Labour <i>and Cares</i>, as the Sparks fly upward</em>; yet God +has not deprived him of any Comfort or Felicity, which the Earth or +Creatures of it can afford; but has invested him with a superior +Authority and <em>Dominion over the Beast of the Feild, the Fowl of the +Air, and the Fish of the Sea</em>. Thus it comes to pass, that every +Creature payes a <em>Duty and a Subjection</em>, (as it were) to man, as +to their <em>Master</em>; and notwithstanding the Ferocity and +Salvageness of their Natures, become tame and submissive to the +<em>Empire</em> of Man. They court his Favour and +<span class = "folionum">A4</span> +mutely supplicate his Friendship and Confederacy, for the subduing the +Enemies of their several <em>Species</em>: They readily obey his +Precepts, and ravisht with his Service willingly execute his Commands. +And thus by this prime Priviledg from God, Man is allowed the Liberty of +subduing the Creature, and recreating his Mind by <em>Hunting, Fowling, +Fishing</em> and the like; and by observing the Natural +<em>Instincts</em> of every Species, the innate <em>Enmity and +Cunning</em> of every Creature, may glorify the Immense Wisdom of his +Creator.</p> + +<p>And as the Liberty of Recreation in lawful Exercises is thus +<em>Naturall</em>, so is it highly <em>Necessary</em> and Useful too. +Recreation keeps up the strength and Alacrity of the +<span class = "folionum">||</span> +bodily Forces, without which the Soul cannot work: I mean those +brisk and violent Exercises, which the Following sheets specifie. They +cause the Body to <em>transpire</em> plentiful sweats, and exhale those +black and fuliginous Vapours which too much oppress some men, and remove +the Obstructions which hinder the Circulation of Nature. <em>Brisk +Exercises</em> render a man Active, Vigorous, Strong, and Hardy, and +attenuate and disperse that <em>Stagnation</em> of humors, Benummedness +and Dulness, which <em>Idleness</em> contracts: Nay, (as one excellently +observes) divers bodily Infirmities, Diseases and Undecencies are hereby +regulated and amended: <em>Riding</em> was used by the great +<em>Drusus</em> for the Strengthening his weak and small +<span class = "folionum">||</span> +Thighs and Legs; and by his late <em>Majesty</em>, especially after +Dinner; and is also good for the Head: <em>Shooting in a long Bow</em> +for the Breast and Arms; and helps Squinting: <em>Bowling</em> for the +Reins, Stone, Gravel, <em>&c.</em></p> + +<p>Nor are the several other <em>Games</em> commonly practised, less +<em>Commendable</em>, were they used with a <em>modest</em> and +<em>prudent</em> Care: I recomend them as useful as the other, were +a <em>right use</em> made of them. I would not have them made a +<em>Trade</em>, instead of a <em>Divertisement</em>. But especially +those that are managed by <em>Skill</em>, and not Fortune, may be +Learned, for these acquaint a man with <em>Numbring</em>, and quicken +the Fancy and Memory, and recreate the Mind.</p> + +<span class = "folionum">||</span> +<p>And as Recreation is thus natural and necessary, so is it +<em>Commendable</em> too, and recommended by the Practises of all Ages; +as well sacred as prophane Histories plainly testifying the Truth of it. +But I shall not trouble you any longer by detaining you at the Door, and +enumerating the various <em>Examples</em>, which may Authorize a +vertuous Use of Recreations, and apologize for this Work: The severest +<em>Stoick</em> being never so cruel to himself or Nature, as not to +give his mind some <em>Relaxation</em>, and recreate it in some more +pleasant Pathes, than the miry heavy wayes of his own sullen and wilful +<em>Resolutions</em>. Nor do our <em>Modern Stoicks</em>, tho of the +strictest Lives, deny themselves some <em>Mental</em>, if +<span class = "folionum">||</span> +not bodily Recreations; altho perhaps <em>Infirmity</em>, <em>Age</em>, +<em>Station</em>, <em>Degree</em>, <ins class = "correction" title = +"printed in roman (emphatic) type">may</ins> render their Divertisements +the more <em>private</em>, yet not totally denyed. <em>Solomon</em> had +his <em>Ittan</em> for Recreations, as <em>Josephus</em> informes us, +and the <em>Heathen</em> Sages their <em>Olympiques</em>, wherein were +exercised, <em>Wrestling</em>, <em>Running</em> with <em>Horses</em>, +<em>Leaping</em>, <em>Coursing</em> with <em>Chariots</em>, +<em>Contention of Poets</em>, <em>Rhetoricians</em>, <em>Disputations of +Phylosophers</em>, &c.</p> + +<p>And because <em>Velle suum cuique</em>, every Mans Nature claimes a +special Prerogative, in the electing a Recreation <em>Suitable</em> to +it self, one thing being very pleasing and delightful to one, and +offensive and troublesome to another, I have +<span class = "folionum">||</span> +therefore like the industrious <em>Bee</em> gathered <em>Honey</em> from +various <em>Flowers</em>, and according to your <em>Palate</em> taste +and Eat; I have carefully <em>Delineated</em> and drawn to the Life +the divers <em>Figures</em> of the several Recreations, and leave you to +admire that <em>Peice</em> you fancy best; intreating you to put them to +the best <em>Use</em>, not to make them your Trade instead of +<em>Recreation</em>; in which sence I would have you to accept this: And +now you may walk in and view the Structure.</p> + +</div> + +<div class = "maintext"> + +<span class = "pagenum">1</span> +<span class = "folionum">B</span> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "hunting" id = "hunting" href = "#titlepage">OF<br> + <br> +<img src = "images/hd_hunting.png" width = "191" height = "48" +alt = "Hunting"></a> +</p> + + +<p><img src = "images/capH.png" width = "94" height = "94" +alt = "H (Hunting)" align = "left"><i>unting</i>, being a Recreation +that challenges the sublime Epithets of <i>Royal</i>, <i>Artificial</i>, +<i>Manly</i>, and <i>Warlike</i>, for its Stateliness, Cunning, and +Indurance, claims above all other Sports the Precedency; and therefore I +was induced to place it at the Head to usher in the rest; and of which +take this concise Definition, <i>viz.</i> That since Nature has equally +imparted unto every Beast a wonderful Knowledge of <i>Offence</i> and +<i>Security</i>, herein we may observe, <i>The curious Search and +Conquest of one Creature over another, hurried on by an innate natural +Antipathy, and performed or wrought by a Distinction of Smells.</i></p> + +<p>And now to come to the Purpose, and the Design of this Tract, briefly +to inform the young <i>Hunter</i>, as yet +<span class = "pagenum">2</span> +raw in the true Knowledge of this <i>Royal Sport</i>, with what is +meerly <i>necessary</i> and <i>useful</i>, without amusing him with +<i>superfluous</i> Observations for his Instruction: I shall +therefore observe throughout this Treatise this Method: 1. The +several <i>Chases</i> or <i>Games</i> which fall under the first +Denomination, <i>Hunting</i>. 2. The genuine or infallible +<i>Rules</i> whereby we are to direct our selves, for the obtaining the +true Pleasure in prosecuting the same, and the desired Effects +of it.</p> + +<p>Know then; There are five <i>Beasts of Venery</i> or <i>Forest</i>, +viz. The <i>Hart</i>, <i>Hinde</i>, <i>Hare</i>, <i>Boar</i>, +<i>Wolf</i>.</p> + +<p>As likewise five Wild Beasts, or <i>Beasts of Chace</i>, viz. The +<i>Buck</i>, <i>Doe</i>, <i>Fox</i>, <i>Martern</i>, <i>Roe</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Beasts of Warren</i>, are three, <i>viz.</i> <i>Hares</i>, +<i>Coneys</i>, <i>Roes</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Note</i>, The <i>Hart</i> and <i>Hinde</i> before spoken of, +though they are of <i>one</i> kind, yet, because their <i>Seasons</i> +are several, are esteemed <i>distinct</i> Beasts; and in the <i>Hart</i> +is included the <i>Stag</i>, and all <i>red Deer</i> of Antlier.</p> + +<p>And because I reckon it the most necessary part of the <i>Hunter</i> +to understand the <i>Names</i>, <i>Degrees</i>, <i>Ages</i>, and <ins +class = "correction" title = "‘a’ invisible"><i>Seasons</i></ins> of the +aforesaid different Beasts +<span class = "pagenum">3</span> +<span class = "folionum">B2</span> +of <i>Forest</i> or <i>Venery</i>, <i>Chace</i>, and <i>Warren</i>; +I shall therefore, in the next place, present him with these +following</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Beasts of Forrest, <em>&c.</em></h5> + +<p>The <i>Hart</i>, the first Year is called a <i>Hinde-Calf</i>, +2 A <i>Knobber</i>, 3 A <i>Brock</i>, 4 A +<i>Staggard</i>, 5 A <i>Stagg</i>, 6 A <i>Hart</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Hinde</i>, the first Year a <i>Calf</i>, 2 A <i>Hearse</i>, +3 A <i>Hinde</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Hare</i>, the first Year a <i>Leveret</i>, 2 A <i>Hare</i>, +3 A <i>Great Hare</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Wild-Boar</i> and <i>Woolf</i>, being no <i>English</i> Chace, +I omit.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Beasts of Chace.</h5> + +<p>The <i>Buck</i>, the first Year is called a <i>Fawn</i>, 2 A +<i>Pricket</i>, 3 A <i>Sorrel</i>, 4 A <i>Sore</i>, 5 A +<i>Buck of the first Head</i>, 6 A <i>Great Buck</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Doe</i>, the first Year a <i>Fawn</i>, 2 A <i>Teg</i>, +3 A <i>Doe</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Fox</i>, the first Year a <i>Cub</i>, 2 A <i>Fox</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Martern</i>, the first Year a <i>Cub</i>, 2 A +<i>Martern</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Roe</i>, the first Year a <i>Kid</i>, 2 A <i>Gyrl</i>, +3 a <i>Hemuse</i>, 4 A <i>Roe-Buck of the first Head</i>, +5 A <i>Fair Roe-Buck</i>.</p> + +<p>As for the <i>Beasts of Warren</i>, the <i>Hare</i> being spoken of +before, little or nothing +<span class = "pagenum">4</span> +is to be said. The <i>Coney</i> is first a <i>Rabbet</i>, and then an +<i>Old Coney</i>.</p> + +<!-- missing words supplied from 1696 if matching --> + +<p>Thus much for their Names, Degrees<span class = "missing">,</span> +and Ages: Now let us next obser<span class = "missing">ve</span> their +<i>proper Seasons</i> for Hunting.</p> + +<p>The <i>Hart</i> or <i>Buck</i>, beginneth <i>fift<span class = +"missing">een</span></i> Days after <i>Mid-Summer-Day</i>, and l<span +class = "missing">ast</span>eth till <i>Holy-Rood-Day</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Fox</i>, from <i>Christmass</i>, and l<span class = +"missing">ast</span>eth till the <i>Annunciation of the bless<span class += "missing">ed</span> Virgin Mary</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Hinde</i>, or <i>Doe</i>, from <i>Holy-Rood-Day</i>, till +<i>Candlemas</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Roe-Buck</i>, from <i>Easter</i>, till <i>Michaelmas</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Roe</i>, from <i>Michaelmas</i>, till <i>Candlemas</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Hare</i>, from <i>Michaelmas</i>, to the end of +<i>February</i>.</p> + +<p>Thus much I thought fit to speak briefly of the proper <i>Names</i>, +<i>Degrees</i>, <i>Ages</i>, & <i>Seasons</i> of the several Chaces +which we Hunt: But having almost forgot some<span class = +"missing">,</span> I shall insert here, as intending to speak +somewhat of them, and they are the <i>Badger</i>, <i>Otter</i>, and +<i>Wild-Goat</i>; the last being a <i>Welch</i>-Game: Many more there +are which I might here enumerate, but being <i>Forreign</i> Chaces, +I omit, as directing my Discourse to the <i>English-Man</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">5</span> +<span class = "folionum">B3</span> +<p>As for the <i>Terms of Art</i> appropriated to Hunting, as the +Huntsmans <i>Dialect</i>, they are so many and various, that should I go +about to note them here, it would swell my Treatise to too big a Volume; +and therefore I refer you to the <i>Dictionaries</i> which speak of +them. And now I bring you to the second thing I proposed, <i>viz.</i> +The <i>Rules And Measures</i> we are to learn and observe in the +aforementioned Sports or Chaces; and in this we must begin with the +<i>Pursuers or Conquerors</i> of these Chaces, namely;</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Of Hounds.</h5> + +<p>There are several kinds of <i>Hounds</i>, endued with Qualities +suitable to the Country where they are bred; and therefore consult his +<i>Country</i>, and you will soon understand his <i>Nature</i> & +<i>Use</i>: As for instance, The <i>Western</i> Counties of +<i>England</i>, and Wood-land, Mountainous Countries, as also +<i>Cheshire</i>, and <i>Lancashire</i>, breed the <i>slow-Hound</i>; +a large great Dog, tall and heavy. <i>Worcestershire</i>, +<i>Bedfordshire</i>, and many other well mixt Soyls, where the Champaign +and Covert are equally large, produce the <i>Middle-sized Dog</i>; of a +more nimble +<span class = "pagenum">6</span> +Composure than the fore-mentioned, and fitter for Chace. +<i>Yorkshire</i>, <i>Cumberland</i>, <i>Northumberland</i>, and the +<i>North</i> parts, breed the Light, Nimble, <i>swift slender Dog</i>. +And our open Champaigns train up excellent <i>Grey-Hounds</i>, hugely +admired for his Swiftness, Strength, and Sagacity. And lastly, the +<i>little Beagle</i> bred in all Countries, is of exceeding Cunning, and +curious Scent in Hunting. All these Dogs are highly set by in all remote +Parts, whose Princes and Lords tenderly cherish them as +<i>Excellencies</i>, and ambitiously sue for as <i>Rarities</i>.</p> + +<p>For the <i>Choice</i> of Hounds we are to rely much on their +<i>Colours</i>, and accordingly make our Election. The Best and most +Beautiful of all for a general Kennel, is, The <i>White Hound</i>, with +black Ears, and a black spot at the setting on of the Tail, and is ever +found to be both of good Scent, and good Condition, and will Hunt any +Chace, but especially the <i>Hare</i>, <i>Stag</i>, <i>Buck</i>, +<i>Roe</i>, or <i>Otter</i>, not sticking at Woods or Waters. The next +is, the <i>Black</i>, the black-tann’d, or all Liver-hew’d, or the milk +White Hound, which is the true <i>Talbot</i>, is best for the +<i>String</i>, or <i>Line</i>, as delighting +<span class = "pagenum">7</span> +<span class = "folionum">B4</span> +in Blood; the <i>Largest</i> is the comliest and best. The +<i>Grizled</i>, usually shag-hair’d, are the best Verminers, and so +fittest for the <i>Fox</i>, <i>Badger</i>, or other hot Scents; +a couple of which let not your Kennel be without, as being +exceeding good cunning <i>Finders</i>.</p> + +<p>For the <i>Shape</i> of your <i>Hound</i>, you must consult the +Climate of his Breed, and the natural Composition of his Body; but by +these following Characters you may know a good <i>Hound</i>. If you like +a large, <i>heavy</i>, true <i>Talbot-like</i> Hound, See</p> + +<p>His <i>Head</i> be round and thick. <i>Nose</i> short and uprising. +<i>Nostrils</i> wide and large. <i>Eares</i> large and down-hanging. +<i>Upper-Lip-Flews</i> lower than his Nether Chaps. <i>Back</i> strong +and rising. <i>Fillets</i> thick and great. <i>Thighs</i> and +<i>Huckle-bones</i> round. <i>Hams</i> streight. <i>Tail</i> long and +rush-grown. The <i>Hair of his Belly</i> hard and stiff. <i>Legs</i> big +and lean. <i>Foot</i> like a <i>Fox</i>’s, well clawd and round. +<i>Sole</i> dry and hard. All these shew an <i>able Hound</i>.</p> + +<p>If you would choose a swift <i>light Hound</i>, the <i>Yorkshire</i> +one in the generality will please you; for that (as these have) he ought +to have a <i>slenderer</i> +<span class = "pagenum">8</span> +Head, <i>longer</i> Nose, <i>shallower</i> Ears and Flews, <i>broad</i> +Back, <i>gaunt</i> Belly, <i>small Tayl</i>, <i>long</i> Joints, +<i>round</i> Foot; and in fine of a <i>Gray-Hound-like</i> Make.</p> + +<p>Thus much to direct the Choice of <i>Hounds</i>; now something ought +to be spoken of the <i>Composition of Kennels</i>, wherein I must appeal +to the Affection of the Gentleman, the Lover of this Sport, and let him +tell me the <i>Reasons</i> that induced him to take pleasure in +<i>Hounds</i>, Whether it be he fancies <i>Cunning in Hunting</i>? Or +<i>Sweetness</i>, <i>Loudness</i>, or <i>Deepness of Cry</i>? Or for the +<i>Training his Horses</i>? Or for the <i>Exercise of his Body</i> +only?</p> + +<p>If for <i>Cunning</i> Hunting; breed your Dogs from the slowest and +largest of the forementioned <i>Northern</i> Hounds, and the swiftest +and slenderest of the <i>West Country</i>, of both Kinds, approved to be +not given to lie off, or look for Advantages, but staunch, fair, +even-running, and of perfect fine Scent. These will make a Horse gallop +fast, and not run; being middle-siz’d; not too swift as to out-run, or +too slow as to lose the Scent; are the best for the true Art and Use of +Hunting.</p> + +<p>If for <i>Sweetness of Cry</i>; compound your Kennel of some large +Dogs, of +<span class = "pagenum">9</span> +<span class = "folionum">B5</span> +deep solemn Mouths, and swift in spending, as the <i>Base</i> in the +Consort; Then twice so many roaring, loud ringing Mouths, as the +<i>Counter-Tenor</i>: And lastly, some hollow plain sweet Mouths, as the +<i>Mean</i>: So shall your Cry be perfect. Observe that this Composition +be of the swiftest and largest deep Mouth’d Dog, the slowest and +middle-siz’d, and the shortest Legged slender Dog. For these run even +together; and warble forth their musical Notes most sweetly.</p> + +<p>If for <i>Loudness of Mouth</i>, choose the Loud clanging (redoubling +as it were) Mouth, and to this put the roaring, spending, and Whining +Mouth, which will be loud, smart, and pleasant: Such are for the most +part your <i>Shropshire</i>, and <i>Worcestershire</i> Dogs.</p> + +<p>If (Lastly) for <i>Deepness of Cry</i>, the largest Dogs having the +greatest Mouths, and deepest Flews, are the best; such are your +<i>West-Country</i>, <i>Cheshire</i>, and <i>Lancashire</i> Dogs.</p> + +<p>But if you have your Kennel for <i>Training Horses</i> only; then +compound your Kennel of the lightest, nimblest, and swiftest Dogs, such +as your <i>Northern</i> Hounds are. For the strong and violent Exercises +<span class = "pagenum">10</span> +of their Horses, through the natural Velocity of their Hounds, in the +<i>North</i> parts, have render’d them famous for Truth and Swiftness +above all other parts of <i>England</i>; though they have not attained +this through a better Breeding of their Horses than others, but by daily +acquainting them with the Violence of such Exercises, which made it both +familiar and natural to them. And <i>He that doth not train up his Horse +so, puts a Cheat upon himself</i>.</p> + +<p>Lastly, If for the <i>Maintenance of your Health</i>, by preventing +Infirmities and Grossness of Humours, you compose your Kennel; consult +first your own <i>Ability</i> for this Exercise; and if you think you +are able to <i>foot</i> it away, then the <i>Biggest and slowest +Dogs</i> you can get are best; which you may bring so to your Command, +as to make them Hunt with no more speed than you please to lead them. +And herein you are surrounded with a double Delight; to hear their +<i>Musick</i>, and observe their ambitious and eager <i>Striving to +out-go one another</i>, in the Pursuit of their Game, and yet restrained +by a submissive Compliance to their Masters Pleasure, beyond which +<span class = "pagenum">11</span> +they dare not presume to pass. But if you would <i>pad it</i> away +through an Unability of footing it, Then choose the <i>slowest or +middle-sized Hounds</i>, of good Mouths and Noses, for loud Cry, and +ready Scent.</p> + +<p>Thus far for the Composing a Kennel: I come now to the <i>Kennel it +self</i>, of which I need say little, as indeed unnecessary, leaving +that to the Discretion of the <i>Huntsman</i>; Only I would have him +observe, that it be built some pretty way distant from the +Dwelling-House, in a warm dry place, free from Vermine, and near some +Pond or River of fresh Water; and so placed, that the Morning Sun may +shine upon it. Be sure to keep it clean, and let them not want fresh +Straw every day. Feed them early in the Morning at Sun-rising, and at +Sun-set in the Evening. As for their <i>Meat</i>, I leave to the +ingenious Huntsman to get; Only this I must tell him, Three Bushels of +Oates or Barley-Meal, with the half so much Bran or Mill-dust, besides +the Horse-Flesh, Scraps, Bones, Crusts, &c. which the painful +Huntsman can procure, is a fit weekly Proportion to keep <i>nine</i> or +<i>ten</i> Couple of Hounds. When they +<span class = "pagenum">12</span> +come from Hunting, after you have fed them well, let them to their +Kennel, and wash their Feet with Beer and Butter, or some such thing, +and pick and search their Cleys, for Thorns, Stubs, or the like: If it +is in <i>Winter</i>, let a fire be made, and let them beak and stretch +themselves for an hour or so at the fire, and suffer them to lick, pick, +and trim themselves; hereby to prevent the <i>Diseases</i> incident to +them, upon sudden Cooling, as the <i>Mange</i>, <i>Itch</i>, +<i>Feavors</i>, &c. of which I come now to speak.</p> + +<!-- missing letters stuck to following page --> + +<p>But before I treat of the keeping your Hounds in Health by curing +their diseases, I must speak a Word or two of the way to <i>Breed +good Whelps</i>, viz. Having a Hound and a Bratch of that general +Goodness in Size, Voice, Speed, Scent, and Proportion you like, put them +together to <ins class = "correction" title = "second ‘n’ invisible">ingender</ins> in <i>January</i>, <i>February</i>, or +<i>March</i>, as <span class = "missing">the</span> properest Months for +Hounds, Bitches, and Bratches to be Limed in; because of not <i>losing +time</i> to enter them. When you put them together, observe, as near as +you can, if the <i>Moon</i> be in <i>Aquarius</i> or <i>Gemini</i>; +because the Whelps will then never run Mad, and the Litter, will be +<span class = "pagenum">13</span> +double as many Dog, as Bitch, Whelps. When your Bitch is near her +<i>Whelping</i>, separate her from the other Hounds, and make her a +Kennel particularly by her self; and see her Kennell’d every Night, that +she might be acquainted and delighted with it, and so not seek out +unwholsom Places; for if you remove the Whelps after they are Whelp’d, +the Bitch will carry them up and down till she come to their first Place +of Littering; and that’s very dangerous. Suffer not your Whelps to Suck +above two Months, and then <i>Weane</i> them.</p> + +<p>When your Whelps are brought up, <i>enter</i> them not into Hunting +till they are at least a Year and half old: That is, if whelpt in +<i>March</i>, enter them <i>September</i> come Twelve-Month; if in +<i>April</i>, in <i>October</i> come Twelve-months after, +<i>&c.</i></p> + +<p>When you would <i>enter</i> them, bring them abroad, with the most +Staunch and best Hunting Hounds; (all babling and flying Curs being left +at home:) and a <i>Hare being the best entering Chase</i>, get your +<i>Hare</i> ready before, and putting her from her Form, view which way +she takes, and then lay on your +<span class = "pagenum">14</span> +Hounds, giving them all the Advantages may be; if she is caught, do not +suffer them to break her, but immediately taking her, strip off her +Skin, and cutting her to peices, give every part to your young Whelps; +and that will beget in them a Delight in Hunting, and animate them with +Courage. And now let us return to speak of</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Diseases incident to Dogs, and their Cures.</h5> + +<p>Because I should think it a very odd Humor for a Person to select +these Creatures (Hounds) as instruments for the procurement of his +Health Satisfaction, and Delight, and should be so inhumane as to suffer +them to perish in their <i>Diseases</i>, because they cannot communicate +their <i>Ailings</i>, and beseech <i>Redress</i>; therefore I have +briefly summed up the immediate <i>Cures</i> for their several Diseases, +and by preventing his Excuse of <i>Ignorance</i>, desire his +Application, as need require.</p> + +<p><i>For Sick Dogs.</i> Take Sheeps-heads, Wooll and all, hack, hew, +and bruise them into pieces, make Pottage of it, with Oatmeal, and +<i>Penny-Royal</i>, and give it warm.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">15</span> +<p><i>Lice and Fleas.</i> Boyl four or five handfuls of <i>Rue</i> or +<i>Herb of Grace</i>, in a gallon of running Water, till a pottle be +consumed, strain it, and put two Ounces of <i>Staves-acre</i> poudered, +and bathe them with it warm.</p> + +<p><i>Itch.</i> Take Oyl of <i>Flower-de-Lys</i>, powder of +<i>Brimstone</i>, & dry’d <i>Elicampane</i> Roots, of each a like +quantity, and <i>Bay-Salt</i> powdered; mix these Powders with the Oyl, +and warm it, anoint, scratch, and make it bleed, will do well.</p> + +<p><i>Tetter.</i> Take Black <i>Ink</i>, Juice of <i>Mint</i> & +<i>Vinegar</i>, of each a like, mix them altogether with the Powder of +<i>Brimstone</i> to a Salve, and Anoint it.</p> + +<p><i>Worms.</i> Give your Hound <i>Brimstone</i> and new Milk, will +kill them.</p> + +<p><i>Gauling.</i> May <i>Butter</i>, yellow <i>Wax</i>, and unslackt +<i>Lime</i>, made to a Salve, and Anoint therewith, is a present +Remedy.</p> + +<p><i>Mange.</i> Take two handfuls of <i>Wild-Cresses</i>, of +<i>Elecampane</i>, of the Leaves and Roots of <i>Roerb</i> and +<i>Sorrel</i>, the like quantity, and two pound of the Roots of +<i>Frodels</i>, Boyl them all well in Lye and Vinegar, strain it, and +put therein two pound of <i>Grey soap</i>, and after ’tis melted, rub +your Hound with it four or five dayes together; and ’tis an excellent +Remedy.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">16</span> +<p><i>For any Ear Disease.</i> Mix <i>Verjuice</i> and <i>Chervile</i> +Water together, and drop into his Eares a spoonful or two, morning and +Evening.</p> + +<p><i>Sore Eyes.</i> Chew a Leaf or two of <i>Ground Ivy</i>, and spit +the Juice into his Eyes.</p> + +<p><i>Surbaiting.</i> Wash his Feet with <i>Beer</i> and <i>Butter</i>, +and bind young red <i>Nettles</i> beaten to a Salve to his Soles.</p> + +<p><i>Biting by Snake, Adder,</i> &c. Beat the herb <i>Calaminth</i> +with <i>Turpentine</i>, and yellow <i>Wax</i> to a Salve, and apply it. +To expel the inward Poyson, give the said Herb in Milk.</p> + +<p><i>Biting by a Mad Dog.</i> Wash the place with <i>Sea-Water</i>, or +strong <i>Brine</i>, will Cure him. The quantity of a Hazel-Nut of +<i>Mithridate</i>, dissolved in sweet Wine, will prevent inward +Infection.</p> + +<p><i>Madness<ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins></i> +Lastly, If your Hound be Mad, which you will soon find by his separating +himself from the rest, throwing his Head into the Wind, foaming and +slavering at Mouth, snatching at every thing he meets, red fiery Eyes, +stinking filthy Breath; then to Knock him in the Head, is a present +Remedy, and you’l prevent infinite Dangers.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">17</span> +<p>And now I proceed to give some brief Instructions for Hunting the +several <i>Chases</i> used in <i>England</i>, for which we have chosen +our Hounds; I mean the <i>Time when?</i> and the <i>Manner +how?</i></p> + +<p>Having your Kennel of Hounds in good order and plight, and being +desirous to enjoy those Pleasures, for which we have observed the +aforesaid Rules; Lead them forth, and to your Game (Gentlemen:) Only +take this <i>Caution</i> along with you; Do not forget to have in your +Pack a couple of <i>Hounds</i>, called <i>Hunters in the Highwayes</i>, +that will Scent upon hard Ground, where we cannot perceive Pricks or +Impressions; and for your Huntsman’s and your own Ease, let a couple of +<i>Old stench Hounds</i> accompany you, by whose sure Scent, the too +great Swiftness of the young and unexperienced Ones may be restrained +and regulated; and if you please, take the following Observations with +you, and away.</p> + + +<h5>Of <i>Hart</i> or <i>Stag-Hunting</i>.</h5> + +<p>Waving the Praises of this Creature, and the large <i>Encomiums</i> +due to his several Excellencies, we’ll come to +<span class = "pagenum">18</span> +the Doctrinal Part, and understand the <i>Age</i> of this our Game, +which is known by several Marks, amongst which this is the most +authentick: That if you take his view in the ground, and perceive he has +a large Foot, a thick Heel, a deep Print, open Cleft and long +space, then be assured he is Old; as the Contrary concludes him +Young.</p> + +<p>But <i>Where</i> and <i>When</i> shall we find him? Examine the +following Annual or monethly Season-Description, and you shall find him; +begining at the end of Rutting-time, that is, In</p> + +<p><i>November</i>, in Heaths among Furs, Shrubs and Whines.</p> + +<p><i>December</i>, in Forrests among thick and strong Woods.</p> + +<p><i>January</i>, in Corners of the Forrests, Corn-fields, +<i>Wheat</i>, <i>Rye</i>, &c.</p> + +<p><i>February</i> and <i>March</i>, Amongst young and thick Bushes.</p> + +<p><i>April</i> and <i>May</i>, in Coppices and Springs.</p> + +<p><i>June</i> and <i>July</i>, in Out-Woods and Purlieus nearest the +Corn Fields.</p> + +<p><i>September</i> and <i>October</i>, After the first showers of Rain, +they leave their Thickets, and go to Rut, during which +<span class = "pagenum">19</span> +time there is no certain place to find them in.</p> + +<p>When you have found him in any of these places, be careful to go up +the Wind; and the best time to find him is <i>before Sun-rising</i>, +when he goes to feed; then watch him to his Leir, and having lodged him, +go and prepare; if he is not forced, he will not budge till Evening. +Approaching his Lodging, cast off your <i>Finders</i>, who having Hunted +him a Ring or two, cast in the rest; and being in full Cry and maine +Chace, Comfort and Cheer them with Horne and Voice. Be sure to take +notice of him by some <i>Mark</i>, and if your Dogs make <i>Default</i>, +rate them off and bring them to the Default back, and make them cast +about till they have undertaken the first Deer; Then cheer them to the +utmost, and so continue till they have either set up or slain him. It is +the Nature of a <i>Stag</i>, to seek for one of his kind, when he is +Imbost or weary, and beating him up, ly down in his place; therefore +have a watchful eye unto <i>Change</i>. As likewise by taking +<i>Soil</i> (<i>i. e.</i> Water) he will swim a River just in the middle +down the Stream, covering himself +<span class = "pagenum">20</span> +all over, but his Nose, keeping the middle, least by touching any +Boughe<span class = "missing">s</span> he leave a Scent for the Hounds; +And <span class = "missing">by</span> his Crossings and Doublings he +will e<span class = "missing">n</span>deavour to baffle his Pursuers: In +th<span class = "missing">ese</span> Cases have regard to your <i>Old +Hou<span class = "missing">nds,</span></i> as I said before. When he is +<i>Imbost</i> <span class = "missing">or</span> weary, may be known +thus: By <span class = "missing">his </span> Creeping into holes, and +often lying down, or by his running stiff, high and lumpering, slavering +and foaming at Mouth, shining and blackness of his Hair, and much Sweat; +And thus much for <i>Stag</i> or <i>Hart Hunting</i>. As for the +<i>Buck</i> I shall not speak any thing, for he that can Hunt a +<i>Stag</i> well, cannot fail Hunting a <i>Buck</i> well. As likewise +for the <i>Roe-Hunting</i>, I refer you to what is spoken of the +<i>Hart</i> or <i>Stag</i>.</p> + +<!-- missing words supplied from 1696 if matching --> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Of Hare Hunting.</h5> + +<p>As for the <i>Time</i>, the most proper to begin this Game, note; +That about the middle of <i>September</i> is best and to end towards the +latter end of <i>February</i>, when surcease, and destroy not the young +early Brood of <i>Leverets</i>; and this season is most agreeable +likewise to the nature of <i>Hounds</i>; moist and cool. +<span class = "pagenum">21</span> +Now for the <i>Place</i> where to find her, <span class = +"missing">you</span> must examine and observe the Sea<span class = +"missing">sons</span> of the Year; for in Summer or <span class = +"missing">Spring</span> time, you shall find them in <span class = +"missing">Corn-</span>fields and open places, not sitting <span class = +"missing">in Bushes</span>, for fear of Snakes, Adders, <span class = +"missing"><i>&c.</i></span> In <i>Winter</i> they love Tuffs of +<span class = "missing">Thorns</span> and Brambles, near Houses: <span +class = "missing">In</span> these places you must regard the +<i>Oldness</i> or <i>Newness</i> of her <i>Forme</i> or Seat, to prevent +Labour in Vain: If it be plain and smooth within, and the Pad before it +flat and worn, and the Prickles so new and perceptible, that the Earth +seems black, and fresh broken, then assure your self the Forme is new, +and from thence you may Hunt and recover the <i>Hare</i>; if the +contrary (which narrowly observe) it is Old, and if your <i>Hounds</i> +call upon it, rate them off; the Scent is Old. When the <i>Hare</i> is +started and on Foot, step in where you saw her pass, and hollow in your +<i>Hounds</i> till they have undertaken it, then go on with full Cry. +Above all be sure to observe her first Doubling, which must be your +direction for all that day; for all her other after Doublings will be +like that. When she is thus reduced to the <i>slights</i> and +<i>shifts</i> +<span class = "pagenum">22</span> +she makes by Doublings and Windings, give your Dogs <i>Time</i> and +<i>Place</i> enough to cast about your Rings, for unwinding the same; +and observe her <i>leaps</i> and <i>skips</i> before she squat, and beat +curiously all likely places of Harbour: She is soon your Prey now.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Of Coney-Catching.</h5> + +<p>Their <i>Seasons</i> are alwayes, and the way of taking them thus: +Set Pursenets on their Holes, and put in a <i>Ferret</i> close muzzled, +and she will bolt them out (being a natural Enemy to them) into the +Nets: Or blow on the suddain the Drone of a Bag-Pipe into the Burrows, +and they will boult out: Or for want of either of these two, take powder +of <i>Orpine</i> and <i>Brimstone</i> and boult them out with the +Smother: But pray use this last seldom, unless you would destroy your +Warren. But for this sport <i>Hays</i> are to be preferred above +all.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Of Fox Hunting.</h5> + +<p><i>January</i>, <i>February</i>, and <i>March</i>, are the best +Seasons for Hunting the <i>Fox</i> above ground, the scent being then +strong, +<span class = "pagenum">23</span> +and the coldest Weather for the <i>Hounds</i>, and best finding his +Earthing. Cast off your sure Finders first, and as the <i>Drag</i> +mends, more; but not too many at once, because of the Variety of Chaces +in Woods and Coverts. The night before the day of Hunting, when the +<i>Fox</i> goes to prey at midnight, find his Earths, and stop them with +Black Thorns and Earth. To find him draw your <i>Hounds</i> about +Groves, Thickets, and Bushes near Villages; Pigs and Poultrey inviting +him to such Places to Lurk in. They make their Earths in hard Clay, +stony ground, and amongst Roots of Trees; and have but one Hole straight +and long. He is usually taken, with <i>Hounds</i>, <i>Grey-Hounds</i>, +<i>Terriers</i>, <i>Nets</i> and <i>Gins</i>.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Of Badger-Hunting.</h5> + +<p>This Creature has several Names, as <i>Gray</i>, <i>Brock</i>, +<i>Boreson</i>, or <i>Bauson</i>; and is hunted thus. First go seek the +Earths and Burrows where he lieth, and in a clear Moon-shine Night, stop +all the Holes but one or two, and in these fasten Sacks with drawing +strings; and being thus set, cast off your <i>Hounds</i> +<span class = "pagenum">24</span> +and beat all the Groves, Hedges, and Tuffs within a mile or two about, +and being alarum’d by the Doggs they will repair to their Burrows and +Kennells, and running into the Bags are taken. Other Methods there are +which are used, but the Common usage makes me omit.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Of the Martern or wild-Cat.</h5> + +<p>These two Chaces are usually hunted in <i>England</i>, and are as +great Infesters of Warrens, as the two last mentioned Vermine, but are +not purposely to be sought after; unless the Huntsman see their place of +Prey, and can go to it; and if the <i>Hound</i> chance to cross them, +sport may be had. But no Rule can be prescribed how to find or hunt +them.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Of the Otter.</h5> + +<p>This Creature useth to lye near Rivers in his Lodging, which he +cunningly & artificially builds with Boughs, Twiggs and Sticks. +A great Devourer of Fish, and eatable in some Countries, where they +have <i>good stomacks</i>. It is a very sagacious and exquisitely +smelling Creature, and much Cunning and Craft +<span class = "pagenum">25</span> +<span class = "folionum">C</span> +is required to hunt him. But to take him, observe this in short: Being +provided with <i>Otter-Spears</i> to watch his Vents, and good +<i>Otter-Hounds</i>, beat both sides of the Rivers banks, and you’ll +soon find if there is any. If you find him, and perceive where he swims +under Water, get to stand before him when he <i>Vents</i>, (<i>i. e.</i> +takes breath) and endeavour to strike him with the spear: If you miss +him, follow him with your Hound, and if they are good for <i>Otter</i>, +they will certainly beat every Tree-root, <i>Bulrush-Bed</i>, or +<i>Osier-Bed</i>, so that he cannot escape you.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Of the Wild Goat.</h5> + +<p>This being a <i>Welsh-Chace</i>, I thought it not amiss to say +something of it, as not altogether Forreign. The <i>Wild-Goat</i> is as +bigg and as fleshy as a <i>Hart</i>, but not so long-legg’d. The best +time for hunting them is, at <i>All-hollontide</i>; and having observed +the Advantages of the Coasts, Rocks, and places where the <i>Goats</i> +lie, set Nets and Toiles towards the Rivers and Bottoms; for ’tis not to +be imagined, the Doggs can follow them down every place of the +Mountaines. +<span class = "pagenum">26</span> +Stand some on the tops of the Rocks, and as Occasion offers throw down +Stones; and place your Relays at the small Brooks or Waters, where the +<i>Goat</i> comes down; but let them not tarry till the <i>Hounds</i> +come in, that were cast off.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +<i>Thus much for Hunting.</i></p> + + + + +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "racing" id = "racing" href = "#titlepage"> +<img src = "images/hd_racing.png" width = "235" height = "48" +alt = "Of Racing"></a> +</p> + + +<p><span class = "firstletter">A</span>s all <i>Beasts</i> are +Subservient to <i>Man</i>, and he a Liberty and Power to Use them, and +make them his Instruments, for the Procurement of his <i>Profit</i>, or +<i>Pleasure</i>; so is there not a Creature more Serviceable to man in +either of these, as the <i>Horse</i>. A <i>Beast</i> Valiant, +Strong, Nimble and Hardy, the Vivacity of whose Spirits, neither Heat +can scorch, or dry up, nor Cold benumb or freez; he is Valiant, +Watchfull, and Laborious, naturally Cleanly, and of exquisite Scent; +Gentle and Loving to man, docile, and of a retentive Memory, and Apt or +Fit for the performing any Service wherein man +<span class = "pagenum">27</span> +<span class = "folionum">C2</span> +employes him. And for the Use of which I am now speaking (<i>Racing</i>) +he ought to be endued with these Qualifications. That he have the +<i>Finest Cleanest Shape</i> possible, and above all, <i>Nimble</i>, +<i>Quick</i>, and <i>Fiery</i>, <i>apt to Fly with the least Motion</i>; +nor is a long Bodied contemptible, it assuring <i>Speed</i>, tho it +signifies <i>Weakness</i> too. The <i>Arabian</i>, <i>Barbary</i>, or +his Bastard, are esteemed the best for this Use, these excelling +<i>Jennets</i>, though they are good too.</p> + +<p>Having furnished your self with a <i>Horse</i> thus qualified, you +are to observe his right and due <i>Ordering</i>, before your designed +<i>Racing</i>. <i>Bartholomew-tide</i> is the most proper time to +<i>take him from Grass</i>; the day before being Dry, Fair, and +Pleasant: That Night let him stand conveniently, to empty his Body; the +next day <i>Stable</i> him, and feed him with <i>Wheat-straw</i> that +day, and no longer; lest you exceeding that time, it straighten his +<i>Guts</i>, heat his <i>Liver</i>, and hurt his <i>Blood</i>; for want +of <i>Straw</i>, Riding him Morning and Evening to <i>Water</i>, Airing, +or other moderate Exercises will serve. Then feed him with good old +sweet <i>Hay</i>, and according to the Season, and Temperature of his +Body +<span class = "pagenum">28</span> +clothe him; for a <i>Smooth Coat</i> shews <i>Cloth</i> enough, and a +<i>Rough Coat</i> want of it. Observe likewise where you <i>Water</i> +your <i>Race-Horse</i>, that it be a Running <i>Water</i>, or Clear +<i>Spring</i>, far distant (a Mile or more) from the <i>Stable</i>, +adjoyning to some <i>Levell</i>; where after he has once well drunk, +Gallop him, and so <i>Water</i> and <i>Scope</i> him, till that he +refuse to drink more, for that time; then Walk him gently Home, (being +an Hour on your way, or more) clothe, and stop him round with soft +<i>Whisps</i>, and let him stand an Hour upon his <i>Bridle</i>, and +after feed him with sweet sound <i>Oats</i>, throughly dryed either with +<i>Age</i>, <i>Kilne</i>, or <i>Sun</i>; if he be low of Flesh, or bad +Stomacht, add a third part of Clean Old <i>Beans</i>, to two parts of +<i>Oats</i>, or wash his <i>Oats</i> in Strong <i>Beer</i> or +<i>Ale</i>.</p> + +<p>For <i>Dressing</i> take these <i>Rules</i>. <i>Dress</i> your +<i>Horse</i> twice a day, before you <i>Water</i> him, both Morning, and +Evening, thus: <i>Curry</i> him after he is uncloath’d, from his +<i>Ear-tips</i> to his <i>Tayle</i>, and his whole Body intirely (save +his Legs under the Knees, and Cambrels) with an <i>Iron Comb</i>; then +Dust him, and Rub him with a <i>Brush</i> of <i>Bristles</i> over +again<ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">.</ins> +<span class = "pagenum">29</span> +<span class = "folionum">C3</span> +Dust him again, and wetting your hand in clean Water, rub off all the +loose Hairs, and so rub him dry as at first; then with a fine <i>Hair +Cloth</i> rub him all over; and Lastly, with a fine <i>Linnen Cloth</i>; +and then pick his <i>Eyes</i>, <i>Nostrils</i>, <i>Sheath</i>, +<i>Cods</i>, <i>Tuel</i>, and <i>Feet</i>, clean.</p> + +<p>The best <i>Food</i> for your <i>Racer</i>, is good, sweet, well +dryed, sunned, and beaten <i>Oats</i>: Or else <i>Bread</i> made of one +part <i>Beans</i>, and two parts <i>Wheat</i> (<i>i. e.</i>) two +<i>Bushells</i> of <i>Wheat</i>, to one of <i>Beans</i>, ground +together: Boult through a fine <i>Range</i> half a <i>Bushell</i> of +fine <i>Meal</i>, and bake that in two or three <i>Loaves</i> by it +self, and with <i>Water</i>, and good store of <i>Barme</i>, knead up, +and bake the rest in great <i>Loaves</i>, having sifted it through a +<i>Meal-sieve</i>: [But to your <i>Finer</i>, you would do well to put +the <i>Whites</i> of Twenty or Thirty <i>Eggs</i>, and with the +<i>Barme</i> a little <i>Ale</i>, ’tis no matter how little +<i>Water</i>:] With the <i>Courser</i> feed him on his Resting dayes, on +his Labouring dayes with the <i>Finer</i>.</p> + +<p>The best <i>Time for feeding</i> your <i>Runner</i> on his +<i>Resting-dayes</i> is; After his <i>Watering</i> in the Morning, at +<i>One</i> a Clock at Noon, after his <i>VVatering</i> in the +<span class = "pagenum">30</span> +Evening, and at <i>Nine</i> or <i>Ten</i> a Clock at Nights: On his +<i>Dayes of Labour</i>, Two Hours after he is throughly Cold, outwardly +and inwardly, as before.</p> + +<p>As for the Proportion of Meat, I shall not confine your Love to a +Quantity, only give him a little at once, as long as his Appetite is +Good: When he begins to fumble and play with his Meat, hold your Hand, +shut up your Sack.</p> + +<p>As for his <i>Exercise</i> it ought to be Thrice a Week, as his +bodily Condition requires; if he be foul, moderate Exercise will break +his Grease; if clean, then as you judge best, taking heed of breaking +his Mettle, or discouraging him, or laming his Limbs. Before you air him +to add to his Wind, it is requisite to give him a raw Egg broken in his +mouth: If your Horse be very <i>Fat</i>, air him before Sun-rising and +after Sun-set; if <i>Lean</i>, deprive him not of the least strength and +Comfort of the <i>Sun</i> you can devise. To make him <i>Sweat</i> +sometimes by coursing him in his Cloathes is necessary, if moderate; but +without his Cloaths, let it be sharp and swift. See that he be <i>empty +before you Course him</i>; and it is wholesome to wash his Tongue and +<span class = "pagenum">31</span> +<span class = "folionum">C4</span> +Nostrills with <i>Vinegar</i>, or <i>piss</i> in his Mouth, before you +back him. And after his Exercise, cool him before you come home, house, +litter and rub him well and dry; then cloath him, and give him after +every Course a Scouring thus prepared.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">For scouring a Race Horse.</h5> + +<p>Take 20 <i>Raisins of the Sun</i> stoned, 10. <i>Figgs</i> slit in +the midst, boyle them till they be thick in a Pottle of Fair Water, mix +it with Powder of <i>Annis-Seeds</i>, <i>Lycoras</i>, and +<i>Sugar-candy</i>, till it come to a stiff Paste, make them into round +Balls, roul them in Butter, and give him three or four of them the next +morning after his Course, and ride him an hour after, and then set him +up Warm. Or this may be preferred, being both a Purge and a Restorative, +a Cleanser and a Comforter, thus prepared.</p> + +<p>Take three Ounces of <i>Annis-Seeds</i>, six Drams of +<i>Cummin-Seeds</i>, one Dram and half of <i>Carthamus</i>, one Ounce +and two Drams of <i>Fennugreek-Seed</i>, one Ounce and half of +<i>Brimstone</i>; Beat all these to a fine Powder, and searse them; +<span class = "pagenum">32</span> +then take a Pint and two Ounces of <i>Sallet Oyl</i>, a pint and +half of <i>Honey</i>, and a Pottle of <i>White-wine</i>; then with a +sufficient Quantity of fine white Meal, knead and work all well into a +stiff Paste; keep it in a clean Cloath, for use. When occasion requires, +dissolve a Ball of it in a Pail of Water, and after Exercise give it him +to drink in the Dark, that he may not see the Colour, and refuse it: If +he does refuse, let Fasting force him to be of another mind.</p> + +<p>To conclude, those Instructions, which are enumerated by Mr. +<i>Markham</i>, I will give you in short before you run, and then +away as fast as you can.</p> + +<p><i>Course not your Horse hard four or five dayes before your Match, +lest you make his Limbs sore, and abate his Speed.</i></p> + +<p><i>Muzzle him not (except a foul Feeder) above two or three Nights +before the Race, and the Night before his bloody Courses.</i></p> + +<p><i>Give him sharp, <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘as / as’">as</ins> +well as gentle, Courses on the Race he is to run.</i></p> + +<p><i>Shoe him a day before you run him.</i></p> + +<p><i>Let him be empty on the Match Day.</i></p> + +<p><i>Saddle him in the Stable, and fix to him the Girths and Pannel +with Shoo-makers Wax.</i></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">33</span> +<p><i>Lead him with all Gentleness to his Course, and let him smell +other Horses Dung to provoke him to stale</i>, &c.</p> + +<p>And Lastly, Being come to the starting place rub him well, uncloath +him, then take his Back, and the Word given, with all Gentleness and +Quietness possible, start and away; <i>And God speed you well</i>.</p> + + + + +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "hawking" id = "hawking" href = "#titlepage"> +<img src = "images/hd_hawking.png" width = "279" height = "47" +alt = "Of Hawking"></a> +</p> + + +<p><span class = "firstletter">I</span> shall not insist on any large +<i>Encomiums</i> of this Recreation, only that it is a most <i>Princely +and serious Pleasure</i>; nor shall I amuse you with subtle and nice +<i>Distinctions</i>, and things no way material; But will inform you +with what is meerly necessary for the right <i>Understanding and Use</i> +of this Noble Art. I shall begin then with <i>Hawks</i>, their +<i>Names</i> and <i>Flights</i>.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Of Hawks there are two sorts.</h5> + +<p>The Long-Winged Hawks.</p> + +<div class = "hanging"> +<p><i>Faulcon</i> and <i>Tiercle-gentle</i>.</p> +<span class = "pagenum">34</span> +<p><i>Gerfaulcon</i> and <i>Jerkin</i>.</p> +<p><i>Saker</i> and <i>Sakaret</i>.</p> +<p><i>Lanner</i> and <i>Lanneret</i>.</p> +<p><i>Barbary Faulcon.</i></p> +<p><i>Merlin</i> and <i>Jack</i>.</p> +<p><i>Hobby</i> and <i>Jack</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p>The Short-Winged Hawks.</p> + +<div class = "hanging"> +<p><i>Eagle</i> and <i>Iron</i>.</p> +<p><i>Goshawk</i> and <i>Tiercel</i>.</p> +<p><i>Sparrow-Hawk</i> and <i>Musket</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p>There are others too of inferiour sort as,</p> + +<div class = "hanging"> +<p><i>Ring-Tail.</i></p> +<p><i>Raven</i> and <i>Buzzard</i>.</p> +<p><i>Forked Kite.</i></p> +<p><i>Hen-driver</i>, &c.</p> +</div> + +<p>And as the <i>Age</i> of these <i>Hawks</i> is, so we name them, +as</p> + +<div class = "hanging"> +<p>The First Year a <i>Soarage</i>.</p> +<p>The Second Year an <i>Intermewer</i>.</p> +<p>The Third Year a <i>White Hawk</i>.</p> +<p>The Fourth Year a <i>Hawk of the First Coat</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p>Thus much for their <i>Names</i>, now we come to speak of the +<i>Flights</i> of these <i>Hawks</i>; which are these</p> + +<div class = "hanging"> +<p>The <i>Faulcon-Gentle</i>, for <i>Partridge</i> or +<i>Mallard</i>.</p> +<p><i>Gerfaulcon</i>, will fly at the <i>Herne</i>.</p> +<p><i>Saker</i>, at the <i>Crane</i> or <i>Bittern</i>.</p> +<span class = "pagenum">35</span> +<p><i>Lanner</i>, at the <i>Partridge</i>, <i>Pheasant</i> or +<i>Choofe</i>.</p> +<p><i>Barbary-Faulcon</i>, at the <i>Partridge</i> only.</p> +<p><i>Merlin</i> and <i>Hobby</i>, at the <i>Lark</i>, or any small +Bird.</p> +<p><i>Goshawk</i> and <i>Tiercel</i>, at the <i>Partridge</i>, or +<i>Hare</i>.</p> +<p><i>Sparrow-Hawk</i>, at the <i>Partridge</i> or <i>Black-Bird</i>. +And the</p> +<p><i>Musket</i>, at the <i>Bush</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p>Thus much for their several proper <i>Flights</i>, we are now come to +their <i>Manning</i>, the Method of which being generally one and the +same (though it has been the Labour of some to spend much Time, and many +Words in treating of the various wayes of <i>Manning Hawks</i>, and yet +comes all to one effect) I shall in short (according to the Design +of this <i>Epitome</i>) lay down this Rule: That you watch, and keep +them from Sleep, continually carrying them upon your <i>Fist</i>, +familiarly stroak them with a Wing of some Dead <i>Fowle</i>, or the +like, and play with them; Accustome to gaze, and look in their Face with +a Loving, Smiling, Gentle Countenance; and that will make her +acquainted, and familiar with Man.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">36</span> +<p>Having made them familiar, the next thing is to <i>Bring them to the +Lure</i>, (which the <i>Faulconer</i> makes of <i>Feathers</i>, and +<i>Leather</i> much like a <i>Fowle</i>, which he casts into the Air, +and calls the <i>Hawk</i> to) which is after this manner. Set your +<i>Hawk</i> on the <i>Perch</i>, unhood her, and shew her some +<i>Meat</i> within your <i>Fist</i>, call her by <i>Chirping</i>, +<i>Whistling</i> or the like, till she comes, then Feed her with it; if +she comes not, let her Fast, and be sharp set: <i>Short-winged +Hawks</i>, are properly said to be <i>Called</i>, not <i>Lured</i>. Make +her bold, and acquainted with <i>Men</i>, <i>Dogs</i>, and +<i>Horses</i>, and let her be eager and sharp-set, before you shew her +the <i>Lure</i>; knowing her <i>Luring</i> Hours; and let both sides of +the <i>Lure</i> be garnished with warm, and bloody <i>Meat</i>; let her +likewise know your <i>Voice</i> well; so that being well acquainted with +<i>Voice</i>, and <i>Lure</i>, the Hearing of the one, or Sight of the +other, makes her Obedient; which you must reward by <i>Feeding</i>, or +punish by <i>Fasting</i>. But before <i>Luring</i> (or any +<i>Flight</i>) it is requisite to <i>Bathe</i> your <i>Hawk</i> in some +quiet and still shallow <i>Brook</i>, or for want of that in a Large +<i>Bason</i>, shallow <i>Tub</i>, or the like, lest being at +<span class = "pagenum">37</span> +Liberty, you lose your <i>Hawk</i>, (whose Nature requires such Bathing) +and make her rangle. Now to make her know her <i>Lure</i>, is thus: Give +your <i>Hawk</i> to another, and having loosned in readiness her +Hood-strings, and fastened a <i>Pullet</i> to the <i>Lure</i>, go a +little distance, cast it half the length of the string about your Head, +still <i>Luring</i> with your Voice, unhood your <i>Hawk</i>, and throw +it a little way from her: If she stoop and seize, let her plume the +<i>Pullet</i>, and feed on it upon the <i>Lure</i>: Then take her and +Meat on your Fist, Hood her, and give her the Tiring of the Wing, or +Foot of the said <i>Pullet</i>.</p> + +<p>Having <i>Manned</i> and <i>Lured</i> your <i>Hawk</i>, before you +bring her to her <i>Flight</i>, one thing is to be observed and done, +called in the <i>Faulconers Dialect</i>, <i>Enseaming</i>, which is to +cleanse her from <i>Fat</i>, <i>Grease</i>, & <i>Glut</i>, known by +her round <i>Thighs</i>, and full <i>Meutings</i>; and thus you may do +it: In the Morning when you feed her, give her a bit or two of +<i>Hot-meat</i>, and at Night very little or nothing. Then feed her +Morning and Evening with a <i>Rook</i>, wash’d twice till the Pinions be +tender; then give a Casting of Feathers as her Nature will bear; and +once in +<span class = "pagenum">38</span> +two or three dayes give her a <i>Hens-neck</i> well joynted and washt: +Then a quick train <i>Pigeon</i> every Morning; and after by these and +her own Exercise, she has broken and dissolved the <i>Grease</i>, give +her three or Four <i>Pellets</i> of the Root of <i>Sellandine</i>, as +bigg as a <i>Garden Pease</i>, steept in the Sirrup of <i>Roses</i>; and +you have done this part of your Duty.</p> + +<p>To <i>Enter</i> your <i>Hawks</i>, for <i>Partridge</i> or +<i>Fowle</i>, observe this. Lay an Old Feild-<i>Partridge</i> in a Hole, +covered with something, and fasten to it a small <i>Creance</i> (<i>i. +e.</i> a Fine small long Line of strong and even-wound Packthread +fastned to the <i>Hawks</i> Leash when first Lured,) and uncoupling your +ranging <i>Spaniels</i>, pluck off the Covering of the Traine +<i>Partridge</i> and let it go, and the <i>Hawk</i> after it; and as +soon as she has slain it, reward her well with it. And thus to make her +fly at <i>Fowle</i>, feed her well with the <i>Traine</i> of the Fowle +you would have; doing afterwards as above.</p> + +<p>The <i>Faults</i> of <i>Hawks</i> differ according to their Nature +and Make: <i>Long-winged Hawks</i> faults are thus helped. If she used +<i>to take stand</i>, flying at the River, or +<span class = "pagenum">39</span> +in Champain Feilds, shun flying near Trees or Covert; or otherwise, let +several Persons have <i>Trains</i>, and as she offers to stand, let him +that’s next her cast out his Traine, and she killing it reward her. And +indeed you ought never to be without some live Bird or Fowle in your +Bag, as <i>Pigeon</i>, <i>Duck</i>, <i>Mallard</i>, &c. If she be +<i>Froward</i> and <i>Coy</i>; when she Kills, reward her not as +usually, but slide some other meat under her, and let her take her +pleasure on it; giving her some Feathers to make her scoure and cast. If +she be <i>Wild</i>, <i>look not inward</i>, but mind <i>Check</i>, +(<i>i. e.</i> other Game, as <i>Crows</i>, &c. that fly cross her) +then lure her back, and stooping to it, reward her presently.</p> + +<p>The faults of <i>Short-Winged Hawks</i> thus are helped. Sometimes +the <i>Goshawk</i> and <i>Sparrow-Hawks</i>, will neither kill, nor +<i>Fly</i> the Game to <i>Mark</i>, but will turn <i>Taile</i> to it: +Then encourage your Dogs to Hunt, cast a Traine <i>Partridge</i> before +your <i>Hawk</i>, make her seize it, and feed well upon it.</p> + +<p>If a <i>Hawk take a Tree</i>, and will not fly at all, feed her then +upon quick Birds, and make her foot them, and in the plain Champaign +Feilds unhood +<span class = "pagenum">40</span> +her, and riding up and down a while let one cast out a +Feild-<i>Partridge</i> before her, let her fly at it, and footing it +feed on it. If they be <i>too fond of Man</i>, that after a stroke or +two will not fly, be seldom familiar with her, and reward her not as she +comes so improperly: Otherwise reward her well.</p> + +<p>As for <i>Mewing of Hawks</i>, the best time for <i>Long-winged +Hawks</i> is about the middle of <i>April</i>, and <i>March</i> for the +<i>Short-Winged Hawks</i>. There are two kinds of Mewings. 1. <i>At +the stock or stone</i>; so called from its being low upon the ground, +free from Noise, Vermin or ill Air. 2. <i>At large</i>; so called +from being in a high Room, with open Windows towards the <i>North</i> or +<i>North-East</i>. The former is accounted the best Mewing. I shall +not insist on the erecting or ordering of this Mew, leaving that to the +Discretion of the Faulconer; only before he mews his <i>Hawk</i>, see if +they have <i>Lice</i>, to pepper and scowre them too. The best <i>time +to draw</i> the Field-<i>Hawk</i> <i>from the Mew</i>, is in +<i>June</i>, and she will be ready to fly in <i>August</i>; the Hawks +for the River in <i>August</i>, will be ready in <i>September</i>. And +because <i>Hawks</i> are subject to divers Infirmities and Diseases, I +<span class = "pagenum">41</span> +shall prescribe some Remedies, and so Conclude.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">Cures for Hawks Diseases.</h5> + +<p>The good Faulconer ought diligently to observe the Complexions of his +<i>Hawks Castings</i> and <i>Mewtings</i>, to judge of their Maladies, +and is prescribed by some as an excellent way; and is indeed so; but an +assured sign of knowing whether they are sick or distempered is this. +Take your <i>Hawk</i>, turning up her Train, if you see her Tuel or +Fundiment swelleth, or looketh red; Or, if her Eyes or Eares be of a +fiery Complexion, it is an infallible sign of her being not well and in +good health; and then Scouring is necessary first; which is done by the +most Soveraign <i>Aloes Cicatrine</i>, about the quantity of a Bean, +wrapt up in her Meat; and this avoids Grease, and kills Wormes too.</p> + +<p><i>For the Cataract</i>: Take one Scruple of washt <i>Aloes</i> +finely beaten, and two Scruples of <i>Sugar-candy</i>, mix these +together, and with a Quil blow it three or four times a day into your +<i>Hawks</i> Eye.</p> + +<p><i>Pantus</i> or <i>Asthma</i>: Pour the Oyl of sweet <i>Almonds</i> +into a Chickens Gutt, +<span class = "pagenum">42</span> +well washt, and give it the <i>Hawk</i>: Or, scower her with +<i>Sellandine</i>-Pellets, and Oyle of <i>Roses</i>, and then wash her +meat in the Decoction of <i>Coltsfoot</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Filanders</i> or <i>Wormes</i>: To prevent them, seeing your Hawk +low and poor, give her once a month a Clove of <i>Garlick</i>. To cure +or kill them; take half a dozen Cloves of <i>Garlick</i>, boyle them +very tender in <i>Milk</i>, then take them and dry the Milk out of them; +put them into a spoonful of the best <i>Oyle of Olives</i>, and having +steept them all Night, give them both to your Hawk, when she has cast, +in the morning; feed her not til two hours after, and then with warm +Meat, and keep her warm all that day.</p> + +<p><i>Lice</i>: Mail your Hawk in some Woollen Cloath, put between her +Head and Hood a little Wool, and take a Pipe of <i>Tobacco</i>, put the +little end in at the Tream, blow the smoak, and the Lice that escape +Killing, will creep into the Cloth: <i>Probatum</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Formica</i>: Take a little of the Gall of a <i>Bull</i>, and +beating it with <i>Aloes</i>, anoint the Beak of the Hawk, Morning and +Evening.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">43</span> +<p><i>Frounce</i>: Take the Powder of <i>Allume</i>, reduced to a Salve +with strong Wine Vinegar, and wash her mouth with it; then take the +Juice of <i>Lollium</i> and <i>Raddish</i>, mixt with Salt, and anoint +the Sore.</p> + +<p><i>Apoplex</i>: Gather the Herb <i>Asterion</i> (the Moon being in +the Waine and in the Sign <i>Virgo</i>) wash your Hawks meat with the +Juice thereof when you feed her, is Soveraign.</p> + +<p><i>Wounds</i>: Take the Juice of <i>English Tobacco</i>, or +<i>Mouse-eare</i>, after you have sticht it up, with a little Lint, +bathe the place is highly approved.</p> + +<p>Many other Diseases there are, which others have largely treatad of, +and to whom I refer you in case of some Diseases, which may occur; and +here take leave to conclude this my discourse of Hawking:</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">44</span> +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "riding" id = "riding" href = "#titlepage"> +<img src = "images/hd_riding.png" width = "233" height = "47" +alt = "Of Riding"></a> +</p> + + +<p><span class = "firstletter">T</span>his Noble Art being rightly and +throughly learnt, qualifies a Gentleman for the three preceding Sports, +and is for that Reason placed here, as a necessary Attendant of them. +And here we must first examine the Ends & Design of our proposing +this Art to our selves, & accordingly lay down as briefly as may be +the necessary Rules and Lessons are to be observed and learnt, for the +obtaining and prosecuting the same, and I take these to be the usual +Perfections we aime at, <i>To Ride well the great <em>Horse</em>, for +the Warrs or Service, and the <em>Horse</em> for Pleasure</i>; of both +which as concisely as I can, in their Order.</p> + +<p>As a <i>Preface</i> to this, we must begin with <i>Taming a young +Colt</i>. After you have kept your Colt at home some time, and made him +so Familiar with you, as to suffer <i>Combing</i>, <i>Currying</i>, +<i>Handling</i>, and <i>Stroaking</i> any part, ’tis high time then to +offer him the Saddle, which you must lay in the <i>Manger</i> first, +that by its smell, he may not be afraid of it, or the <i>Styrrups</i> +Noise. +<span class = "pagenum">45</span> +Then gently saddling him (after his dressing) take a sweet <i>Watring +Trench</i>, anointed with Honey and Salt, and place it in his Mouth so, +that it may hang directly over his <i>Tush</i>; then lead him abroad in +your hand, and Water him; and after he has stood an hour rein’d thus, +take off his Bridle and Saddle, and let him feed till Evening; Then do +as in the morning; then dress and Cloath him, having <i>Cherisht</i> him +before, <i>i. e.</i> By the <i>Voice</i> delivered smoothly and gently; +or by the <i>Hand</i> by gently stroaking and clapping him on the neck, +or buttock; or lastly by the <i>Rod</i>, by rubbing it on his Withers or +Main.</p> + +<p>On the next day as before; and after that, put him on a strong +<i>Musrole</i>, or sharp <i>Cavezan</i>, and <i>Martingale</i>; which is +the best guide to a Horse for setting his Head in due place, forming the +Rein, and appearing Gracefull and Comely; it corrects the yerking out +his Head, or Nose, and prevents his running away with his Rider. Observe +therefore to place it right, that it be not buckled straight, but loose, +and so low, that it rest on the tender Grissle of his Nose, to make him +the +<span class = "pagenum">46</span> +more sensible of his Fault, and Correction; and so as you see you win +his Head, bring him straighter by degrees; let him but gently feel it, +till his Head be brought to its true Perfection.</p> + +<p>Having observed this well, lead him forth into some soft or new +Plowed Land, and to take off his wanton knavish Tricks, trot him about +in your hand a good while: Then offer to Mount; if he refuse to suffer +you, Trot him again; then putting your foot into the <i>Styrrop</i>, +mount half way; if he takes it impatient, correct him, and about again; +if not cherish him, and place your self a moment in the Saddle, +dismount, cherish, and feed him with <i>Grass</i>, or <i>Bread</i>: All +things being well, remount, even in the Saddle, keeping your Rod from +his Eye; then let one lead him by the <i>Chaff-Halter</i>, and ever and +a-non make him stand, and cherish him, till he will of his one accord go +forward; then come home, alight gently, and do a good Horsemans Duty, +<i>To dress and feed him well</i>. This Course in few dayes will bring +him to Trot, by following some other Horseman, stop him now and then +gently, and forward; not forgetting seasonable +<span class = "pagenum">47</span> +<i>Cherishings</i> and <i>Corrections</i>, by <i>Voice</i>, +<i>Bridle</i>, <i>Rod</i>, <i>Spurs</i>.</p> + +<p>Being thus brought to some certainty of <i>Reine</i>, and +<i>Trotting</i> forth-right, then to the <i>Treading forth of the large +Rings</i>. And here first examine your Horses Nature, before you choose +your Ground, for, if his Nature be dull and sloathful, yet strong, then +<i>New-plow’d-Field</i> is best; if <i>Active</i>, <i>Quick</i>, and +<i>Fiery</i>, then <i>Sandy-ground</i> is to be preferred; in the most +proper of which mark out a large Ring, of a Hundred Paces circumference. +Now then walk about it on the right seven or eight times, then by a +little straightning your right Rein, and laying your left Leg Calf to +his side, make a half Circle within the Ring upon your right down to its +Center; then by straightning a little your left Rein, and laying your +right Leg Calf to his side, make a half Circle to your left hand, from +the Center to the outmost Verge, and these you see contrary turned make +a Roman S. Now to your first large Compass, walk him about on your +left hand, as oft as before on the right, and change to your right +within your Ring; then Trot him first on the right-hand, then on the +left, as long as +<span class = "pagenum">48</span> +you judge fit, and as often Mornings, and Evenings as the Nature of your +Horse shall require. In the same manner you may make him to +<i>Gallop</i> the same Rings, though you must not enter it all at once, +but by degrees, first a Quarter, then a Half-quarter; and the Lightness +and Cheerfulness of your Body, not the Spur, must induce him +to it.</p> + +<p>The next Lesson is to <i>Stop Fair, Comely, and without Danger</i>. +First see that the Ground be hard and firm, then having cherisht your +Horse, bring him to a swift Trot, about Fifty Paces, and then straightly +and suddenly draw in your Bridle hand; then ease a little your hand to +make him give backward, and in so doing, give him liberty, and cherish +him; then drawing in your Bridle hand, make him retire, and go back; if +he strike, ease your hand; if he refuse, let some by-stander put him +back, that he may learn your intention; and thus he may Learn these Two +Lessons at once.</p> + +<p><i>To Advance before</i>, when he stoppeth, is thus taught: When you +stop your Horse, without easing your hand, lay close and hard to his +sides both the +<span class = "pagenum">49</span> +<span class = "folionum">D</span> +Calves of your Legs, and shaking your Rod cry, <i>Up, Up</i>; which he +will understand by frequent Repetition, and Practice: This is a +Gracefull, and Comely Motion, makes a Horse Agile, and Nimble, and ready +to Turn; and therefore be carefull in it: That he take up his Legs +<i>Even</i> together, and bending to his Body; not too high, for fear of +his coming over; not sprawling, or pawing; or for his own pleasure; in +these faults correct him with Spur and Rod.</p> + +<p>To <i>Yerk out behind</i> is the next Lesson, thus learnt: Presently +upon your making him stop, give him a good brisk jerk near his Flank, +which will make him soon understand you. When he does it, cherish him; +and see he does it comely, for to yerk out his hinder Legs, till his +Forelegs be above ground, is not graceful; or one Leg yerk’t further out +than the other; or one Leg out while the other is on the ground; in this +case a single Spur on the faulty side is best. But to help him in +Yerking, staying his mouth on the Bridle, striking your Rod under his +belly, or touching him on the Rump with it, are reckoned necessary.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">50</span> +<p>To <i>Turn readily on both hands</i>, thus: Bring his large Rings +narrower, & therein gently walk him, till acquainted. Then carry +your Bridle-hand steady and straight, the outmost rather straighter then +the inmost Rein, to look from, rather than to the Ring; Trot him thus +about, on one side and the other successively, as aforesaid. After some +time stop, and make him advance twice or more, and retire in an even +Line; then stop and cherish him. To it again, after the same manner, +making him lap his outmost Leg above a foot over his inner. And thus the +<i>Terra a Terra</i>, <i>Incavalere</i> & <i>Chambletta</i>, are all +taught together. Perfect your Horse in the large Ring, and the straight +Ring is easily learnt.</p> + +<p>Your Horse being brought thus far to perfection, with the +<i>Musrole</i> and <i>Trench</i>, now let a gentle <i>Cavezan</i> take +their place; with a smooth Cannon-Bit in his Mouth, & a plain +watering Chain, Cheek large, and the Kirble thick, round and big, +loosely hanging on his nether Lip; and thus mount him, and perfect your +Horse with the <i>Bit</i> in all the ’foresaid Lessons, as you did with +the <i>Snaffle</i>; which indeed is the easier to be done of the +two.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">51</span> +<span class = "folionum">D2</span> +<p>To teach your Horse <i>To go aside</i>, as a necessary Motion for +shunning a blow from an Enemy, is thus: Draw up your Bridle-hand +somewhat straight, and if you would have him go on the Right, lay your +left Rein close to his Neck, and your left Calf likewise close to his +side (as in the <i>Incavalere</i> before) making him lap his left Leg +over his Right; then turning your Rod backward, jerking him on the left +hinder Thigh gently, make him to bring to the right side his Hinder +parts, and stand as at first in an even direct Line: Then make him +remove his Fore parts more, that he may stand as it were Cross over the +even Line, and then bring his hinder parts after, and stand in an even +Line again. And thus you must do, if you would have him go on the Left +hand, using your Corrections & Cherishings on the right. Use it, and +you may be sure of Perfection.</p> + +<p>As for the <i>Manages</i>, somewhat have bin spoken of them, there +being but two (among many) useful call’d <i>Terra a Terra & +Incavalere</i> before treated of; & for the <i>Carreere</i>, only +take this: Let it not extend in length above six-score yards, give your +Horse warning before you start +<span class = "pagenum">52</span> +him by the Bridle hand, and running full speed, stop him suddenly, firme +and close on his Buttock.</p> + +<p>For the <i>Horse of Pleasure</i>, these following Lessons are to be +learnt. As first to <i>Bound aloft</i>, to do which: Trot him some +sixteen yards, then stop, and make him twice advance; then straighten +your Bridle-hand; then clap briskly both your Spurs even together to +him, and he will rise, though it may at first amaze him; if he does it, +cherish him, and repeat it often every day, till perfect.</p> + +<p>Next to <i>Corvet</i> and <i>Capriole</i> are Motions of the same +nature, and in short are thus taught. Hollow the ground between two +joyning Walls a Horses Length, by the side of which put a strong smooth +Post of the same length from the Wall, and fasten at the Wall an Iron +Ring over against the Post: Thus done, ride into the hollow place, and +fasten one of the <i>Cavezan-Reins</i> to the Post, and the other to the +Ring; then cherish him, and by the help of the Calves of your Legs, make +him advance two or three times; then pause, and Cherish him; make him +advance again a dozen times more, and then rest; double your Advancings, +<span class = "pagenum">53</span> +and repeat them till it becomes habitual to him, to keep his +<i>Ground</i> certain, advance of an <i>equall height</i> before and +behind, and observe a <i>due Time</i> with the motions of your Leggs. +The Inequality of his advancing his hinder Legs, is helpt by a Jerk on +the Fillets by some body behind him with a Rod.</p> + +<p>The laborious Motion of <i>going sideways</i>, being fitter for the +War-Horse, than the Horse for Pleasure, usefull for the avoiding a Blow +may come from an Enemy, I omit here, refering you to that.</p> + +<p>Thus much for those material Lessons which the Rider ought to teach +his Horse for <i>War</i> or <i>Pleasure</i>, and therefore I shall +conclude this Head, with this <i>Caveat</i>, <i>That in whatever Lesson +your Horse is most imperfect, begin and end with</i>; and remember, that +<i>Exercise</i> makes things as it were natural; when <i>Desuetude</i> +is the forerunner of Forgetfulness, and <i>Ignorance</i> the Consequent +of Both.</p> + + + +<span class = "pagenum">54</span> +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "cockfighting" id = "cockfighting" href = "#titlepage">OF<br> + <br> +<img src = "images/hd_cockfighting.png" width = "277" height = "50" +alt = "Cock-fighting"></a> +</p> + + +<p><span class = "firstletter">I</span> shall not enlarge on the praises +of this Recreation, its <i>Nobleness</i>, <i>Delight</i>, and +<i>Simplicity</i>, devoyd of Cheat or Deceit, but what is most material +to our purpose succinctly declare. And herein let us first observe the +<i>Choice</i> of a <i>Cock</i> of the Game, directed by these four +Characters following: That he be</p> + +<p>1. Of a strong <i>Shape</i>, proud and upright, and for this the +<i>Middle-sized</i>, neither too small or too large, is best, because +most matchable, strong and nimble. His <i>Head</i> small like a +<i>Spar-Hawks</i>; his <i>Eye</i> large and quick; <i>Back</i> strong, +crook’t at the setting on, and coloured as the Plume of his Feathers; +The <i>Beam of his Leg</i> very strong, and colour’d as his Plume; +<i>Spurs</i> long, rough, and sharp, hooking inward.</p> + +<p>2. Of a good <i>Colour</i>, and herein the Gray, Yellow, or Red Pyle, +with a black Breast, are to be preferred; the +<span class = "pagenum">55</span> +<span class = "folionum">D4</span> +Pyde rarely good, and the White and Dun never. A Scarlet Head is a +demonstration of Courage, but a Pale and wan of Faintness.</p> + +<p>3. Of <i>Courage</i> true, which you shall observe by his proud, +stately, upright Standing and Walking, and his frequent Crowing in his +Pen.</p> + +<p>4. Of a <i>Sharp and ready Heel</i>, which is (in the Opinion of the +best <i>Cock-Masters</i>,) of high Estimation; a <i>Sharp-heel’d +Cock, tho somewhat false, is better</i> (as dispatching his business +soonest) <i>than a true Cock with a dull Heel</i>. Enfine choose your +<i>Cock</i> endued with all these Qualifications together above +mentioned.</p> + +<p>For <i>Breeding</i> good Cocks for the Game, or Battel, the best +season is from the Moon’s Encrease in <i>February</i>, to her Encrease +in <i>March</i>. The <i>March</i> Bird is best. And now first get a +<i>perfect Cock, to a perfect Hen</i>, as the best Breeding, and see the +Hen be of an excellent Complexion (<i>i. e.</i>) rightly plumed, as +black, brown, speckt, grey, grissel, or yellowish; tufted on her Crowne, +large bodied, well poked, and having Weapons, are Demonstrations of +Excellency and Courage. Observe +<span class = "pagenum">56</span> +further her Comportment, if friendly to her Chickens, and revengeful of +Injuries from other Hens. <i>Fortes creantur a Fortibus.</i></p> + +<p>Having placed her <i>Nest</i>, private from other Fowles disturbance, +and warme, observe your Hen in sitting, if she be busie in turning her +Eggs; if remiss, to help her. Set by her Sand, Gravel, Water and +necessary food, to prevent her Straggling.</p> + +<p>After one and twenty dayes observe her <i>Hatching</i>, to take the +newly hatcht Chickens, and wrap them in Wool and keep them warm by the +fire till all be disclosed; then put them all under her, and let her +keep them warm, and let none of them straggle abroad till they are three +Weeks, or a Month old; and then let them run in some Grass-plat, or +green Court, to pick Wormes, Grass and Chick-weed, to feed and scour +themselves; but let them not ramble near Puddles, or filthy Channels; +and to prevent any malady, a few Leek-blades minc’d small amongst +their Meat is good.</p> + +<p>When they are grown so, as that their Sexes may be distinguish’t, +assoon as the <i>Comb</i> or <i>Wattles</i> but appear, cut them away, +and anoint the Sore with sweet +<span class = "pagenum">57</span> +<span class = "folionum">D5</span> +<i>Butter</i>, till whole. This early cutting them, is highly necessary +to prevent Flux of Blood, (which is dangerous in doing it later) and +Gouty thick Heads.</p> + +<p>When the <i>Cock</i>, and <i>Hen-Chickens</i>, (going till now +promiscuously one with another) begin to quarrel and peck each other, +part them and separate their <i>Walks</i>: And the best for a +<i>Fighting-Cock</i>, are private and undisturbed <i>Walks</i>, as, +<i>Wind-mills</i>, <i>Water-mills</i>, <i>Grange-houses</i>, +<i>Park-lodges</i>, &c. and their <i>Feeding-place</i> on soft +Ground, or Boards; and have for his Meat, <i>White Corn</i>, or +<i>White-bread Tosts</i>, steept in <i>Drink</i>, or <i>Urine</i>, is +good, both to Scowre, and Cool them. And do not debilitate and debauch +his Courage and Strength, by having too many <i>Hens</i> to walk with; +Three <i>Hens</i> are enough for one <i>Cock</i>.</p> + +<p>If before they be Six Months Old any of your <i>Chickens</i> +<i>Crow</i> clear and loud, and unseasonable, then to the <i>Pot</i> or +<i>Spit</i> with them, they are <i>Cowards</i>; the true <i>Cock</i> is +long ere he gets his Voice, and when he has gotten it, keeps good and +judicious <i>Time</i> in Crowing.</p> + +<p>Next observe your <i>Roosting-Perch</i>, for this makes or marrs a +<i>Cock</i>; for forming +<span class = "pagenum">58</span> +of which, consult the best <i>Cock-Masters</i> Feeding-Pens, and the +Perches there, and accordingly proportion your own, therefore I shall +not propose any form here; Only pray take care that the ground +underneath the Perch be soft, for if the ground be rough and hard, in +leaping down he will hurt his <i>Feet</i>, and make them Gouty and +Knotty.</p> + +<p>For the <i>Dieting</i>, and <i>Ordering</i> of your <i>Cock</i> for +<i>Battle</i>, observe these Rules. Let your <i>Cock</i> be full two +years Old, then in the latter end of <i>August</i>, take up and +<i>Pen</i> him, (it being now <i>Cocking-time</i> till the end of +<i>May</i>) and see that he be sound, hard-feather’d, and full summed. +As to the moving <i>Perch</i>, and <i>Pen</i>, take my foregoing +Advice.</p> + +<p>The first four dayes after <i>Penning</i>; Feed him with the Crumb of +Old <i>Manchet</i> cut into square bits, thrice a day, and with the +Coldest, and Sweetest Spring-water that can be had. And after you think +by this time he is throughly purged of his <i>Corne</i>, <i>Wormes</i>, +<i>Gravel</i>, and other course Feeding, take him in the Morning out of +the <i>Pen</i>, and let him <i>Sparr</i> with another <i>Cock</i> some +time to heat and chafe their Bodies, break +<span class = "pagenum">59</span> +Fat and Glut, and fit them for Purgation; first having covered their +Spurs with Hots of Leather, to hinder their Wounding and drawing Blood +of one another.</p> + +<p>After they have sufficiently <i>Sparred</i>, that they pant again, +take them up, and remove their Hots, and prepare them for a Diaphoretick +or Sweating Bout thus: Take <i>Butter</i>, and <i>Rosemary</i> finely +chopt, and <i>White-Sugar-candy</i>, mixt together; and give them the +quantity of a <i>Wallnut</i>; which will scower, strengthen, and prolong +Breath: Then having (purposely) deep <i>Straw Baskets</i>, fill them +half way with <i>Straw</i>, put in your <i>Cock</i>, and cover him with +<i>Straw</i> to the top; lay the lid close, and let him stove till the +Evening. At Five a Clock take him out, and lick his Head and Eyes with +your Tongue, then Pen him, and fill his <i>Trough</i> with +<i>Manchet</i> (as above) and hot <i>Urine</i>.</p> + +<p>After this, let his <i>Diet</i> be of <i>Bread</i> thus made: Take a +<i>Gallon</i> of <i>Wheat</i>, and <i>Oat-meal-flower</i>, and with +<i>Ale</i>, half a score <i>Whites</i> of <i>Eggs</i>, and +<i>Butter</i>, work it into a stiff <i>Paste</i>; bake it into broad +<i>Cakes</i>, and when four dayes Old, cut it into square Bits, as +abovesaid.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">60</span> +<p>The second day after <i>Sparring</i>, bring your <i>Cock</i> into a +<i>Green Close</i>, and shew him in your Arms a <i>Dung-hill-Cock</i>, +then run from him, and allure him thus to follow, suffering him now and +then to strike the <i>Dunghill-Cock</i>, and so Chase him up and down +for half an Hour, till he pants again; and thus heated, carry him home, +and scower him with half a Pound of <i>Fresh-Butter</i>, beaten with the +<i>Leaves</i> of the <i>Herb</i> of <i>Grace</i>, <i>Hysop</i>, and +<i>Rosemary</i>, to the consistence of a <i>Salve</i>, and give him the +quantity of a <i>VVallnut</i>, then <i>Stove</i>, and <i>Feed</i> him as +above. And thus for the first <i>Fortnight</i>, <i>Spar</i> or +<i>Chase</i> him every other day.</p> + +<p>The second <i>Fortnight</i>, twice a Week will be enough to +<i>Chase</i> or <i>Spar</i> your <i>Cock</i>: Observing, that you +<i>Stove</i> and <i>Scower</i> him, proportionable to his Heating.</p> + +<p>The Third and Last <i>Fortnight</i> (for Six Weeks is long enough) +<i>Feed</i> him as before, but do not <i>Spar</i> him, but Chase him +moderately twice, or thrice, as before; then roll his aforesaid scowring +in <i>Brown-Sugar-candy</i>, to prevent his being Sick; rest him four +dayes, and then to the Pit.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">61</span> +<p>Now, Gentlemen, <i>Match</i> your Cock Carefully, or what you have +hitherto done, is nothing. And here Observe the <i>Length</i>, and +<i>Strength</i> of Cocks. The <i>Length</i> is thus known: Gripe the +Cock by the Waste, and make him shoot out his Legs, and in this Posture +compare, <i>And have your Judgment about you.</i> The <i>Strength</i> is +known by this Maxime, <i>The largest in the Garth, is the strongest +Cock.</i> The Dimension of the <i>Garth</i>, is thus known: Gripe the +Cock about from the joynts of your Thumb, to the points of your Great +<i>Finger</i>, and you will find the Disadvantage. <i>The weak long +<em>Cock</em> is the quickest easier Riser, and the short strong one, +the surest Striker.</i></p> + +<p>Thus being well Matcht, accoutre him for the Pit. Clip his +<i>Main</i> off close to his Neck, from his head to his shoulders. Clip +his <i>Tail</i> close to his <i>Rump</i>, the Redder it appears the +better. His <i>Wings</i> sloping, with sharp Points [ware Eye +Adversary:] Scrape smooth, and sharpen his <i>Spurs</i>; leave no +feathers on his Crown; then moisten his head with Spittle; and now +favour us Fortune.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +The Battle done search, and suck your Cocks wounds, and wash them well +with +<span class = "pagenum">62</span> +hot <i>Urine</i>, then give him a Roll of your best Scowring, and stove +him for that Night. If he be swelled, the next morning, suck and bathe +his Wounds again, and pounce them with the Powder of the Herb +<i>Robert</i>, thro a fine Bag; give him an handfull of Bread in warm +Urine, and stove him, till the swelling be down. If he be hurt in his +Eye, chew a little ground <i>Ivy</i>, and Spit the Juice in it; which is +good for <i>Films</i>, <i>Haws</i>, <i>Warts</i>, &c. Or if he hath +<i>veined</i> himself in his fight, by narrow striking, or other cross +blows, when you have found the hurt, bind the soft Down of Hare to it, +will cure it.</p> + +<p>When you visit your wounded <i>Cocks</i>, a month or two after you +have put them to their Walks, if you find about their heads any swollen +Bunches, hard and blackish at one end, then there are unsound Cores +undoubtedly in them; therefore open them, and with your Thumb crush them +out, suck out the Corruption, and fill the holes with fresh Butter; and +that will infallibly cure them.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">63</span> +<h5 class = "ital">Cures for Distempers incident to the Cock or Chick of +the Game.</h5> + +<p>For <i>Lice</i>, being most common, I begin with; proceeding from +corrupt Meat, and want of Bathing, <i>&c.</i> Take <i>Pepper</i> +beaten to Powder, mix it with warm Water, and wash them +with it.</p> + +<p>For the <i>Roup</i>; a filthy swelling on the Rump, and very +contagious to the whole body, the staring and turning back of the +Feathers is it Symptome. Pull away the Feathers, open and thrust out the +Core, and wash the Sore with Water and Salt, or Brine.</p> + +<p>For the <i>Pip</i>; visit the mouth, and examine what hinders your +<i>Cocks</i>, <i>Hen</i>, or <i>Chicks</i> feeding, and you’ll find a +white thin Scale on the Tip of the Tongue, which pull off with your +Naile, and rubbing the Tongue with Salt, will cure it.</p> + +<p>For the <i>Flux</i>; proceeding from eating too moist Meat, give them +Pease-Bran scalded, will stop it.</p> + +<p>For the <i>Stoppage of the Belly</i>, that they cannot mute; Anoint +their Vents, and give them either small bits of +<span class = "pagenum">64</span> +Bread or Corn, steep’d in Urine of Man.</p> + +<p>For the <i>Eyes</i>, I have spoken before, and refer you to that; and +for other Infirmities, let Practise be your Directory.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +And now I have one Word of Advice to him that is a Lover (or would be +so) of this <i>Royal-Sport</i>; and then have done: <i>Come not to the +Pitt without Money in your Breeches, and a Judgment of Matches</i>; +<b>Done</b> and <b>Done</b> is <i>Cock-Pitt</i> <b>Law</b>, and if you +venture beyond your Pocket, you must look well to it, or you may loose +an Eye by the Battle.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +Thus much for <i>Cock-Fighting</i>.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">65</span> +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "fowling" id = "fowling" href = "#titlepage"> +<img src = "images/hd_fowling.png" width = "280" height = "49" +alt = "Of Fowling"></a> +</p> + + +<p><span class = "firstletter">T</span>his is a Recreation so full of +<i>Variety</i>; that it would take up a great many <i>Words</i> and +<i>Time</i> to discover it; but varying indeed from this Design, +I shall not dilate on its several parts, but as succinctly as may +be, give you some methodical <i>Instructions</i>, as may make a man +capable of the <i>Active</i> as well as <i>Passive</i> part of this +Pleasure, and without the one he cannot have the other.</p> + +<p>Now then the <i>Ingenious Fowler</i>, like a Politick and sagacious +Warrior, must first furnish and store himself with those several +Stratagems and Engines, as suit with the diversities of <i>Occasion</i> +(<i>i. e. Time</i>,) <i>Place</i>, and <i>Game</i>; or else he +cannot expect the <i>Conquest</i>.</p> + +<p>And first of <i>Nets</i>, which must be made of the best pack-thread, +and for taking <i>Great Fowl</i>, the Meshes must be large, two Inches +at least from point to point, the larger the better; (provided the Fowle +creep not through;) two Fathom <i>deep</i>, and six in <i>Length</i>, is +the +<span class = "pagenum">66</span> +best and most manageable Proportion; Verged with strong Cord on each +side, and extended with long Poles at each end made on purpose. But for +small <i>Water-Fowle</i>; Let your Nets be of the smallest and strongest +Pack-thread, the Meshes so big, as for the great Fowle, about two or +three foot deep: Line these on both sides with false Nets, every Mesh a +foot and half Square. For the <i>Day-Net</i>, it must be made of fine +Pack-thread, the Mesh an inch square, three Fathom long, and one broad, +and extended on Poles according to its Length, as aforesaid.</p> + +<p><i>Birdlime</i> is the next, and thus made. Pill the <i>Bark of +Holly</i> from the Tree at <i>Midsummer</i>, fill a Vessel, and put to +it running Water; boile it over the fire till the <i>Grey</i> and +<i>White Bark</i> rise from the <i>Green</i>; take it off the fire, +draine the Water well away, and seperate the Barks; and take the Green, +lay it on some moist floor and close place, and cover it with +<i>Hemblocks</i>, <i>Docks</i>, <i>Thistles</i>, and all manner of +Weeds; let it lye a fortnight, and in that time it will rot, and turn to +a filthy slimy Substance: Then put it into a Morter, beat it till you +perceive not what it +<span class = "pagenum">67</span> +was; take it out and wash it soundly at some running stream, till the +Foulness is gone: Then put it in a close Earthen pot; let it stand four +or five dayes, look to its Purging, and scum it: When clean, put it into +another Earthen Pot, and keep it close for Use.</p> + +<p>Your <i>Setting-Dog</i> comes next, and sayes you must <i>Elect</i> +and <i>Train</i> him thus: He must be of exquisite Scent, and love +naturally to hunt Feathers. The <i>Land-Spaniel</i> is best, being of +good nimble size, and couragious mettle, which you may know by his +Breed; being of a good Ranger, <i>&c.</i></p> + +<p>Having chosen your Dog, begin to <i>instruct</i> him at half a Year +old. First make him familiar and acquainted well with your self above +others, by feeding him your self, alwayes going abroad with you, and +correcting him with <i>Words</i> not Blows. So that he will follow none +but you, distinguish your Frowns from smiles, rough from smooth +Words.</p> + +<p>The first Lesson is, to make him <i>Crouch and lie down</i> close to +the ground; and this is done by frequent laying him on the ground and +crying <i>Lye close</i>; upon his doing well reward him with Bread; +<span class = "pagenum">68</span> +and on the contrary chastise him with Words, not Blows.</p> + +<p>Next, To <i>creep to you with his Body and Head close upon the +ground</i>, by saying, <i>Come nearer, Come nearer</i>, or the like +Words; to understand and do it, entice him with shewing him Bread, or +the like: Thrusting down any rising part of his Body or head, and +roughly threatning him; if he slight that, a good Jerk or two with +a slash of Whip-cord will reclaim his Obstinacy. Repeat his Lessons, and +incourage his well doing. And this you may exercise in the Fields as you +walk, calling him from his busie Ranging to his <i>Duty</i>. And then +teach him to follow you close at the heels in a Line or string, without +straining.</p> + +<p>By this time he is a year old, now (the season fit) into the Field, +and let him <i>range</i>, [obediently.] If he wantonly babble or +causelesly open, correct him by biting soundly the Roots of his +Ears,<!--eek! --> or Lashing. Assoon as you find he approaches the Haunt +of the <i>Partridge</i>, known by his Whining, and willing, but not +daring, to open, speak and bid him, <i>Take heed</i>: If notwithstanding +this he rush in and <i>Spring</i> the <i>Partridge</i>, +<span class = "pagenum">69</span> +or opens, and so they escape, correct him severely. Then cast him off to +another Haunt of a <i>Covie</i>, and if he mends his Error, and you take +any by drawing your Net over them swiftly, reward them with the Heads, +Necks, and Pinions.</p> + +<p>As for the <i>Water-Dog</i>, the Instructions above for the +<i>Setter</i> will serve; only to fetch and bring by loosing a Glove, or +the like, is every mans common Observation, and therefore shall here for +Brevities sake omit; only keep a strict Subjection in him, and +Observance to your Commands.</p> + +<p>I shall say something too of the <i>Fowling-Piece</i> and +<i>Stalking-Horse</i>, and then to your sports. The longest <i>Barrel is +the best Fowling-Peice</i>, five and half, or six foot long, with an +indifferent Bore, under an <i>Harquebuse</i>; and shooting with the +Wind, and side-wayes, or behind the Fowl, not in their faces, is to be +observed; having your Dog in Command not to stir till you have shot.</p> + +<p>A <i>Stalking-Horse</i> for shelter, to avoid being seen by the shie +Fowle, is an old Jade trained on purpose; but this being rare and +troublesome, have recourse to Art, to take Canvas, +<span class = "pagenum">70</span> +stuft and painted in the shape of a Horse grazing, and so light that you +may carry him on one hand (not too bigg:) Others do make them in the +shape of <i>Ox</i>, <i>Cow</i>, for Variety; and <i>Stag</i>, +<i>Trees</i>, <i>&c.</i></p> + +<p>Thus being provided with necessary Engines for prosecuting and +effecting so cunning and pleasant a work, <i>Let’s abroad</i>; and let +not the <i>Ale-House</i>, <i>Tavern</i>, or <i>Brothel-Houses</i>, +debauch and benumn our Spirits, but let us with the Fowler exhilerate +our Minds, refresh our Bodies, & for a little Pains reap a great +deal of Pleasure & Satisfaction, whet our Appetites, and get Meat +too for them.</p> + +<p>Now then according to my proposed Method, let us first examine +<i>Where</i> to find our Game? that is, The <i>Haunts of Fowle</i>, +whether <i>Land</i> or <i>Water</i> Fowle; by which two Characters I +distinguish them, because of their Variety and Multiplicity.</p> + +<p>The <i>greater Fowle</i>, or those who <i>divide the Foot</i>, reside +by shallow Rivers sides, Brooks and Plashes of Water; and in low and +boggy places, and sedgie, Marish, rotten Grounds. They also delight in +the dry parts of drowned Fens, overgrown with long Reeds, Rushes and +Sedges; as likewise in half-drowned +<span class = "pagenum">71</span> +Moors, hollow Vales of Downs, Heaths, <i>&c.</i> Where obscurely +they may lurk under the Shelter of Hedges, Hills, Bushes, +<i>&c.</i></p> + +<p>The <i>Lesser</i>, or Web-footed, <i>Fowle</i>, allwayes haunt +drowned Fens, as likewise the main streams of Rivers not subject to +Freeze, the deeper and broader, the better; (tho of these the +<i>Wild-Goose</i> and <i>Barnacle</i>, if they cannot sound the depth, +and reach the Ouze, change their Residence for shallow places, and +delight in Green-Winter-Corn, especially if the Lands ends have Water +about them:) <i>Small Fowle</i> also frequent hugely little Brooks, +Ponds, drowned Meadows, Pastures, Moors, Plashes, Meres, Loughs, and +Lakes, stored with unfrequented Islands, Shrubs, <i>&c.</i></p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">How to take all manner of Fowl or Birds.</h5> + +<p>For taking the first (I mean the greater <i>Fowle</i>) with +<i>Nets</i>, observe in general this: Come two hours before their +feeding hours, Morning and Evening; and spreading your Net on the Ground +smooth and flat, stake the two lower ends firm, and let the upper ends +be +<span class = "pagenum">72</span> +extended on the long Cord; of which the further end must be fastned to +the ground, three Fathom from the Net, the stake in a direct Line with +the lower Verge of the Net; the other, ten or twelve fathoms long, have +in your hand at the aforesaid distance, and get some shelter of Art or +Nature, to keep you from the curious and shie Eye of your Game; having +your Net so ready that the least pull may do your work, Strew’d over +with Grass as it lies to hide it: A live <i>Herne</i>, or some +other Fowle lately taken, according to what you seek for, will be very +requisite for a <i>Stale</i>. And you will have sport from the Dawning, +till the Sun is about an hour high; but no longer; and from Sun-set till +Twilight; these being their feeding times.</p> + +<p>For the <i>small</i> (Water) <i>Fowle</i>. Observe the Evening is +best before Sun-set. Stake down your Nets on each side the River half a +foot within the Water, the lower part so plumb’d as to sink no further; +the upper slantwise shoaling against, but not touching by two foot, the +Water, and the Strings which bear up this upper side fastned to small +yeilding sticks prickt in the Bank, +<span class = "pagenum">73</span> +<span class = "folionum">E</span> +that as the Fowle strike may ply to the Nets to entangle them. And thus +lay your Nets (as many as you please) about twelve score one from +another, as the River or Brook will afford. And doubt not your success. +To expedite it however, a <i>Gun</i> fired three or four times in +the <i>Fens</i> and <i>Plashes</i>, a good distance from your Nets, +will affright and post them to your Snares; and so do at the +<i>Rivers</i>, when you lay in the <i>Fens</i>. Thus much in general for +<i>Nets</i>, I come next to <i>Bird-Lime</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Winter time</i> is the most proper for taking all manner of +<i>Small Birds</i>, as flocking then promiscuously together, +<i>Larks</i>, <i>Lennets</i>, <i>Chaffinches</i>, <i>Goldfinches</i>, +<i>Yellow-Hammers</i>, &c<ins class = "correction" title = +". invisible">. </ins>with this <i>Bird-lime</i>, made as afore-spoken; +only additionally thus ordered. Put to a quarter of a pound of +<i>Bird-lime</i>, an Ounce of fresh <i>Lard</i>, or +<i>Capons-grease</i>, and let it gently melt together over the Fire, but +not Boyl; then take a quantity of <i>Wheat-ears</i>, as you think your +use shall require, and cut the straw about a foot long besides the Ears, +and from the Ear <i>Lime</i> the straw Six inches; the warmer it is, the +less discernable it will be: Then to the <i>Field</i> adjacent, +<span class = "pagenum">74</span> +carrying a bag of Chaff, <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘aud’">and</ins> +thresh’d Ears, scatter them twenty Yards wide, and +stick the <i>lim’d Ears</i> (declining downwards) here, and there; Then +traverse the <i>Fields</i>, disturb their <i>Haunts</i>, they will +repair to your Snare, and pecking at the Ears, finding they stick to +them, mount; and the <ins class = "correction" title = +"‘d’ invisible"><i>Lim’d</i></ins> straws, lapping under their Wings, dead +their flight, they cannot be disengaged, but fall and be taken they +must. Do not go near them, till they rise of their own accord, and let +not five or six entangled lead you to spoyl your Game, and incur the +loss of five or six dozen. <i>Barn-doors</i>, <i>Thatcht-Houses</i>, and +such like places, are excellent too for the use of these +<i>Lime-straws</i>. <i>A Clap- Net</i>, and <i>Lanthorn</i>, in a dark +night rub’d at the Eaves of Houses, is a common practice.</p> + +<p><i>Lime-Twigs</i>, is another Expedient for taking of Great +<i>Fowle</i>, being Rods that are long, small, straight, and pliable, +the upper part (apt to play to and fro) being besmeared with +<i>Bird-lime</i> warm. Thus to be used, Observe the Haunt<span class = +"missing">s</span> of the <i>Fowle</i>, have a <i>Stale</i>, +(a livin<span class = "missing">g </span> Fowle of the same kind +you would take<span class = "missing">)</span> and cross pricking your +Rods, one into, +<span class = "pagenum">75</span> +<span class = "folionum">E2</span> +and another against the Wind sloping, a foot distant one from the +other, pin down your <ins class = "correction" title = +"‘e’ invisible"><i>Stale</i></ins>, some distance from them, tying some small +string to him, to pull and make him flutter to allure the <i>Fowle</i> +down. If any be caught, do not run presently upon them, their fluttering +will encrease your Game. A well taught <i>Spaniel</i> is not amiss +to retake those that are entangled, and yet flutter away. Thus likewise +for the <i>Water</i>, consult the Rivers depth, and let your Rods be +proportionable; what is <i>Limed</i> of them being above the Water, and +a <i>Mallard</i>, &c. as a <i>Stale</i> placed here and there, as +aforesaid. You need not wait on them, but three times a day visit them, +and see your <i>Game</i>; if you miss any Rods (therefore know their +Number) some Fowle entangled is got away with it, into some Hole, +<i>&c</i>. and here your <i>Spaniel</i> will be serviceable to find +him.</p> + +<p>For <i>Small-Birds</i>, a <i>Lime-bush</i> is best; thus, Cut down a +great Bough of a <i>Birch</i>, or <i>Willow-Tree</i>, trim it clean, and +<i>Lime</i> it handsomely, within four fingers of the bottom: Place this +<i>Bush</i> so ordered, in some quick-set, or dead +<span class = "pagenum">76</span> +<i>Hedge</i>, in <i>Spring</i> time: In <i>Harvest</i>, or +<i>Summer</i>, in <i>Groves</i>, <i>Bushes</i>, <i>Hedges</i>, +<i>Fruit-Trees</i>, <i>Flax</i>, and <i>Hemp-Lands</i>: In +<i>Winter</i>, about <i>Houses</i>, <i>Hovells</i>, <i>Barns</i>, +<i>Stacks</i>, &c. A <i>Bird-Call</i> is here also necessary, +or your own industrious skill in the Notes of several Birds. +<i>Lime-twigs</i> are likewise used, stuck on <i>Hemp-cocks</i>, which +take vast Numbers of <i>Lennets</i>, and <i>Green-Birds</i>, that love +that <i>Diet</i>. An <i>Owle</i> placed near your <i>Lime-twigs</i>, is +likewise an Excellent <i>Stale</i>, for being persecuted by all other +<i>Birds</i>, they flock about him, and dye with Hatred; I mean, +being taken by you, in their eager, and malicious Persecution of poor +<i>Tom</i>. Some have Natural, others Artificial <i>Owles</i>, and with +either fear not Success. And thus you may do, in any particular +<i>Game</i>, with your <i>Twigs</i>, and <i>Stale</i> of the same kind, +as, <i>Snipes</i>, <i>Felfares</i>, <i>Pigeons</i>, &c.</p> + +<p>And here I must not forget the <i>Farmers</i> Advantage, to destroy +his <i>Corn</i>-destroyers, <i>Rooks</i>, but give him this Advice: Take +some thick <i>Brown-paper</i>, divide a sheet into Eight parts, and make +them into the fashion of <i>Sugar-Loaves</i>; <i>Lime</i> them a little +in the inside, and put some <i>Corn</i> in them (if in +<span class = "pagenum">77</span> +<span class = "folionum">E3</span> +<i>Ploughing</i> time, <i>Wormes</i>, and <i>Maggots</i>) lay +<i>Three</i> or <i>Four Score</i> up and down the Land, under (if you +can) some Clod, early, before feeding time: Be at some distance, and +behold the ensuing Sport. Your <i>Pigeons</i>, <i>Rooks</i>, +<i>Crows</i>, &c. comeing to pick out the <i>Corn</i> or +<i>Worms</i>, the <i>Pyramidal-snare</i> hangs on their heads, they fly +straight upright, almost out of sight, and as if some <i>Gun</i> in the +Ayr had met with them, down they come tumbling (being spent) and become +your Prey.</p> + +<p>Thus much in general of taking all manner of <i>Fowle</i>, by +<i>Net</i>, or <i>Lime</i>, I come next to know their best Seasons, +when to use them, and the first (the <i>Net</i>) is from the beginning +of <i>May</i>, to the latter end of <i>October</i>; and the last (the +<i>Lime</i>) in the <i>Winter</i> only, beginning from <i>November</i>, +and ending at <i>May</i>, in which times, there being no Leaves, your +<i>Lime-Bushes</i>, and <i>Branches</i> of <i>Trees</i> are of one and +the same Hue.</p> + +<p>And because Gentlemen who have <i>Fish-ponds</i>, wonder they loose +so many <i>Fish</i>, and are apt to Censure sometimes undeservedly their +Neighbours, when it is the insatiable <i>Hern</i>, that is the true +cause: I shall next lay down the best and +<span class = "pagenum">78</span> +most approved way of taking the great <i>Fish-devouring Herne</i>, whose +<i>Haunt</i> having found, observe this Method to take him. Get three or +four small <i>Roaches</i>, or <i>Dace</i>, take a strong <i>Hook</i>, +(not too rank) with Wyre to it, and draw the Wyre just within the skin, +from the side of the <i>Gills</i>, to the <i>Taile</i> of the said +<i>Fish</i>, and he will live four or five dayes, (if dead, the +<i>Herne</i> will not touch it.) Then having a strong Line, of a +dark-<i>Green-Silk</i>, twisted with Wyre, about three yards long, tye a +round stone of a pound to it, and lay three or four such hooks, but not +too deep in the Water, out of the <i>Herne’s</i> wading; and two or +three Nights will answer your Expectation.</p> + +<p>And here I thought to conclude this Discourse of <i>Fowling</i>, but +the young <i>Tyro</i> or <i>Beginner</i> in the Acquest of this Noble +Art, pulls me back again, and whispers this Question in my Ear, How to +take <i>Pheasants</i>, <i>Partridges</i>, &c. in particular, by +either of the forementioned wayes, as, <i>Nets</i>, <i>Lime</i>, +<i>Engine</i>, <i>Driving</i>, or <i>Setting</i>; because of all +<i>Fowl</i> for <i>Game</i>, these two are esteemed as the most Gentile, +and Profitable? I shall answer his Curiosity, and for his +Instruction, +<span class = "pagenum">79</span> +<span class = "folionum">E4</span> +propose these ensuing Rules, though what I have said in general of Great +<i>Fowl</i> might suffice.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital">The severall wayes of taking <em>Pheasants</em>.</h5> + +<p>For to take <i>Pheasants</i> with <i>Nets</i>, first find their +<i>Haunts</i>, or <i>Coverts</i>, which are generally in thick, young, +well-grown <i>Copses</i>, solitary and untraced by Men or Cattle, and +not in Old High <i>Woods</i>; and never in open <i>Fields</i>. Which +having assured knowledge of, the next thing is to find out the +<i>Eye</i>, or <i>Brood</i> of <i>Pheasants</i>, wich according to the +best Experience is thus. You must learn and understand the several Notes +of a Natural <i>Pheasant-Call</i>, and how usefully to apply them. In +the Morning just before, or at <i>Sun-rising</i>, call them to feed, and +so at <i>Sun-setting</i>: In the <i>Forenoon</i>, and <i>Afternoon</i>, +your Note must be to Cluck them together to <i>Brood</i>, or to chide +them for straggling, or to notify some danger at hand.</p> + +<p>Thus skilled in their <i>Notes</i>, and by the Darkness, +Solitaryness, and strong undergrowth of the place assured of their +<i>Haunts</i>, closely lodge your self, and softly at first call; lest +being near +<span class = "pagenum">80</span> +you, a loud <i>Note</i> affright them; and no Reply made, raise +your <i>Note</i> gradually, to the highest; and if there be a +<i>Pheasant</i> in hearing, he will answer you, in as loud a +<i>Note</i>. Be sure it be Tunable. As soon as you are answered, creep +nearer to it; if far off, and a single <i>Fowl</i>, as you call, and +approach, so will the <i>Pheasant</i>. Having gotten sight of her, on +the <i>Ground</i>, or <i>Perch</i>, cease calling, and with all silence +possible, spread your <i>Net</i> conveniently, between the +<i>Pheasant</i>, and you, one end of the <i>Net</i> fastned to the +<i>Ground</i>, and the other end, hold by a long Line in your hand, by +which you may pull it together, if strained; then call again, and as you +see the <i>Pheasant</i> come under your <i>Net</i>, rise and shew your +self, and affrighting her, she will mount, and so is taken. Thus if on +the contrary you have divers <i>Answers</i>, from several <i>Corners</i> +of the <i>Coppice</i>, and you keep your place and not stir, they will +come to your Call, and then having a pair of <i>Nets</i>, spread one on +each side, and do as before. Your <i>Nets</i> must be made of +<i>Green</i> or <i>Black</i> double-twin’d <i>Thread</i>, the +<i>Mesh</i> about an inch square, between <i>Knot</i>, and <i>Knot</i>, +<span class = "pagenum">81</span> +<span class = "folionum">E5</span> +the whole <i>Net</i> about three <i>Fathom</i> long, and Seven +<i>Foot</i> broad, verged with strong small Cord on each side and ends, +to lye hollow and compass-wise.</p> + +<p>The next way of taking <i>Pheasant-Powts</i>, is by <i>Driving</i> +thus. Having found the <i>Haunt</i> of an <i>Eye of Pheasants</i>, known +by the <i>Barrenness</i> of the place, <i>Mutings</i> and loose +Feathers, then in the little Pads and Wayes, like Sheep-tracks, they +have made, place your Nets (taking the wind with you) a-cross these <ins +class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Paths ,ollow’">Paths, +hollow</ins>, loose and circularly, the nether part fixt to the ground, +and the upper side hollow, <i>&c.</i> as aforesaid: Then to their +<i>Haunt</i>, and there <i>call</i> them together, if scattered; then +with a <i>Driver</i>, an Instrument like that of <i>Cloath-dressers</i>, +rake gently the Bushes and Boughs about you, the <i>Powts</i> will run, +and stop and listen; then give a nother rake, and so you will drive them +like sheep into your Nets: Observe in this <i>Secrecy</i>, <i>Time</i> +and <i>Leisure</i>, or you spoyl your sport; <i>Secrecy</i> in +concealing your self from being seen by them; and <i>Time</i> and +<i>Leisure</i>, by not being too hasty.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">82</span> +<p>Lastly for taking <i>Pheasants</i> with the <i>Lime-Bush</i>, or +Rods, order these, as I have before prescribed; your Rods <ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘a- / about’ at line break">about</ins> +twelve Inches long, and your Bush containing not above eight Twigs, with +a pretty long Handle, sharpned to stick in the Ground, or Bushes, +Shrubs, <i>&c.</i> and let it be planted as near the <i>Pheasants +pearching Branch</i>, as may be. Place your Rods on the Ground, near the +Bush; which will help the Bush; for when some are taken below by the +Rods, they will scare up the others to get on the Bushes to seek what’s +become of their Fellows, and there become your Prey themselves. Thus +provided, keep close not to be discovered; out with your Call, and use +it <i>Skilfully</i> and well, and you need not fear Game. Number the +Rods you planted, and if any be missing, some <i>Pheasant</i> is crept +away with it, and here let your Spaniel be employed to serve you in +finding out the last sanctuary of the poor <i>Pheasant</i>, thus +shunning his inevitable Captivity and Death.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">83</span> +<h5 class = "ital">For taking Partridge.</h5> + +<p>As in all the foregoing Sports, the <i>Place</i> where to find them +is our first Enquiry, so here (as you did of the <i>Pheasant</i>) you +must first find the <i>Partridges Haunt</i>. Which is mostly in +standing-Corn-Fields, where they breed; as likewise in Stubble after the +Corn is cut, especially Wheat-stubble till it is trodden, and then they +repair to Barley-Stubble, if fresh; and the Furrows amongst the Clots, +Brambles and long Grass, are sometimes their lurking places, for Twenty +and upward in a Covy. In the <i>Winter</i> in up-land Meadows, in the +dead Grass or Fog under Hedges, among Mole-Hills; or under the Roots of +Trees, <i>&c.</i> Various and uncertain are their <i>Haunts</i>. And +tho some by the <i>Eye</i>, by distinguishing their Colour from the +ground, others by the <i>Ear</i>, by hearing the Cock call earnestly the +Hen, and the Hens answering, and chattering with Joy at meeting, do find +<i>Partridge</i>; yet the best, easiest and safest way of finding them +is (as you do the <i>Pheasant</i>) by +<span class = "pagenum">84</span> +the Call or Pipe; applying your Notes seasonable, as before prescribed, +and they will come near to you, and you may count their Numbers, and to +your sport.</p> + +<p>Surround your Covy, prepare your Nets, and pricking a stick fast in +the ground, tye the one end to it, and let your Nets fall as you walk +briskly round without stopping, and cover the <i>Partridge</i>; then +rush in upon them to frighten them, and as they rise they are taken.</p> + +<p>For taking them with <i>Bird-Lime</i>, thus. Call first near the +<i>Haunt</i>; if answered, stick about your <i>Lime-Straws</i> (of which +I have spoken before) a-cross in ranks two or three Lands, at some +distance from you; then call again, and as they approach you, they are +intercepted by the Straws; and to your Prey. This way is used most +successfully in Stubble-Fields, from <i>August</i> to <i>September</i>: +And Rods in Woods, Pastures, <i>&c.</i> as for the +<i>Pheasant</i>.</p> + +<p>But lastly, above all (to omit all others) the most pleasant way of +taking Partridge is with a <i>Setting-Dog</i> (of which I have spoken +before and refer you thither) who having set them, (known by +<span class = "pagenum">85</span> +the already mentioned signs) use your Net, as you have heard just now: +And by these Rules and Method, the <i>Railes</i>, <i>Quailes</i>, +<i>Moorpootes</i>, <i>&c.</i> are to be taken; and are for +<i>Hawks</i> flight too. And here I must make an end of the most +material part of <i>Fowling</i>.</p> + +<p>For as for treating of all manner of <i>Singing Birds</i>, their +<i>Taking</i>, which in general hath been before observed, their +<i>Preserving</i> and <i>Keeping</i>, their <i>Natural Breeding</i> and +<i>Feeding</i>, is a Work of such common Observation, and so differing +from the Design of this Treatise of <i>Violent</i> and <i>Brisk +Exercises</i>, that omitting it altogether here, shall refer you to the +Venders of them, whom you may meet with in every Street, and furnish +your self at easy rates; and are indeed but <i>Voces & præterea +Nihil</i>.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +Thus much for <i>Fowling</i>.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">86</span> +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "fishing" id = "fishing" href = "#titlepage"> +<img src = "images/hd_fishing.png" width = "257" height = "51" +alt = "Of Fishing"></a> +</p> + + +<p><span class = "firstletter">S</span>o <i>Ancient</i>, so +<i>Innocent</i>, so <i>Vertuous</i>, and so <i>Useful</i> is this +Recreation, that all the foregoing Divertisements, must needs give place +to this, and however (inadvertently) it comes in here, challenges a +Preference, and Acceptance before any Pleasure can by the heart of Man +be desired. As for its <i>Antiquity</i> some attribute its Knowledge to +<i>Belus</i> Son of <i>Nimrod</i>, who first invented all Vertuous +Sports; others to <i>Seth</i> and his Sons, he having left it on brazen +Pillars engraven with indelible Characters not to be obliterated by the +ensuing Flood. <i>Job</i> makes mention of Fishing, who Lived as may be +supposed before <i>Moses</i>; nor is it questionable, whether the +illustrious Patriarchs used not this Recreation. Certain it is, there +were many <i>Fishermen</i> before <i>Christs</i> Coming, whose sole +Dependance was on this Innocent Art. <i>Innocent</i> indeed and +harmless, when the Lamb of God himself <i>recommended</i> it (as I may +say) as such, by his Divine +<span class = "pagenum">87</span> +Call of four <i>Fishermen</i>, to be his Disciples, and by +distinguishing & dignifying them with the greatest <i>Intimacy</i> +with himself, and chiefest place in the <i>Apostolical Catalogue</i>; +and by the Inspiration of his Spirit ennobled their Function; he made +them Eminent <i>Fishers of men</i>. Nay, at the expence of a +<i>Miracle</i>, he shewed the <i>Lawful Use</i> of Fishing, when the +mouth of <i>Peter’s</i> Fish he commanded him to take, was the +<i>Tribute-Money’s Purse</i>. And why our Saviour made his first +Election of Fishermen, before others, this may be the undoubted Reason: +Because he knew such men were naturally of more Contemplative and Serene +Minds, of more Calme, Peaceable, and sweet Dispositions; And let me add +too in the next place, because it is the School of Vertue (as I may call +it) wherein the Primitive Christian Vertues are learnt and exercised. +<i>Patience</i> is the immediate Vertue wherewith the <i>Angler</i> is +endued, without which the Pleasure doth no longer exist; and attended +with her three Sisters compleat his Delight. For <i>Justice</i> directs +him to the due Place of Sport, where he may freely exercise his Art, +without Injury or Incivility to his Neighbours: <i>Temperance</i> +prescribes a +<span class = "pagenum">88</span> +<i>Measure</i> to the Action, and moderates and rules the Affections. +And lastly <i>Fortitude</i> encourages and strengthens his mind, to +support the Labour and undergo with Perseverance all Disappointments, +excludes <i>Passion</i> (incident to other Recreations,) at the loss of +a Hook, or (perhaps that he never had) a Fish. It makes him not +fear Wind nor Weather, nor is his delight sowered at last with +<i>Melancholy</i> and Vexation; but tho the Anglers Reward is but a +little Fish, for a great deal of Pains, the Contentment and Satisfaction +is above that. Finally the <i>Usefulness</i> of it is apparently great; +for the cherishing the Body, and cheering the Mind, for diverting +Sadness, and calming unquiet Thoughts, for moderating Passions and +procuring Contentedness, and begetting Peace and Patience in those that +profess and practise it. It has been the Recreation of Gods Saints, and +Holy Fathers; and of many Worthy and Reverend Divines, this hath been +and is now their beloved Pastime. And so I shall conclude this +<i>Encomium</i> of Fishing; Volumes may be written in its praise (in +which I am something wanting in the other foregoing Sports, this +claiming it as its just due above the rest) +<span class = "pagenum">89</span> +but I long to tell you <i>How</i>, <i>When</i> and <i>Where</i>, you may +taste its Delight.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +It hath been the Method of this whole Treatise, to divide the several +distinct Heads of each Recreation into three Parts, to render the +Observations and Rules the more plain and easy, for the prosecuting the +Recreation we treat of.</p> + +<p>1. <i>What</i> it is we pursue.</p> + +<p>2. <i>Where</i> and <i>When</i> to find that we would delight our +selves in.</p> + +<p>3. <i>With what</i> proper <i>Mediums</i> or Measures we may obtain +the desired Effects of our endeavours therein. And in this delightful +Scene of Pastime, we now treat of, Fishing, so full of Variety and +Choice, I shall observe the same Method.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +First then, <i>What</i> we pursue is Fish, distinguished according to +their sundry kinds by these following <i>Names</i>.</p> + +<p class = "hanging"> +The <i>Barbel</i>, <i>Breame</i>, <i>Bleak</i>, <i>Bulhead</i>, or +Millers-Thumb; <i>Chevin</i>, <i>Char</i>, <i>Chub</i>, <i>Carp</i>; +<i>Dace</i>, <i>Dare</i>; <i>Eel</i>; <i>Flounder</i>; <i>Grayling</i>, +<i>Gudgeon</i>, <i>Guiniad</i>; <i>Loach</i>; <i>Minnow</i>; <i>Pope</i> +or <i>Pike</i>, <i>Pearch</i>; <i>Rud</i>, <i>Roach</i>; +<i>Sticklebag</i> or Bansticle, <i>Salmon</i>, <i>Shad</i>, +<i>Suant</i>; <i>Tench</i>, <i>Torcoth</i>, +<span class = "pagenum">90</span> +<i>Trout</i>, <i>Thwait</i>, and <i>Umber</i>. All these Alphabetically +thus named are the different sorts of Fish, in taking which the Angler +commonly exercises his Art. We come next, <i>Where</i> to find them. +</p> + +<p class = "space"> +I. To know the <i>Haunts</i> and Resorts of Fish, in which they are to +be usually found, is the most Material thing the Angler ought to be +instructed in, lest he vainly prepare <i>how to take</i> them, and +preposterously seek <i><ins class = "correction" title = +"‘w’ invisible">where</ins> to find</i> that he prepared for. To prevent +which you are first to understand, That as the Season of the Year is, so +<i>Fish</i> change their places: In <i>Summer</i>, some keep near the +Top, others the bottom of the Waters. In <i>Winter</i>, all <i>Fish</i> +in general resort to deep Waters. But more particularly,</p> + +<p>The <i>Barbel</i>, <i>Roach</i>, <i>Dace</i>, and <i>Ruff</i>, covet +most <i>Sandy, Gravelly Ground</i>, the deepest part of the +<i>River</i>, and the Shadows of <i>Trees</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Breame</i>, <i>Pike</i>, and <i>Chub</i>, delight in a +<i>Clay</i>, and <i>Ouzie Ground</i>: The <i>Bream</i> chooseth the +middle of the <i>River</i>, in a gentle not too rapid Stream: The +<i>Pike</i> prefereth still Waters, full of <i>Fry</i>, and absconding +himself amongst <i>Bull-Rushes</i>, +<span class = "pagenum">91</span> +<i>Water-docks</i>, or under <i>Bushes</i>, that under these shelters he +may more securely surprize and seize his Prey: The <i>Chub</i> too +chooses the same Ground, large Rivers and Streams, and is rarely +destitute of some Tree to cover and shade him.</p> + +<p><i>Carp</i>, <i>Tench</i> and <i>Eel</i>, frequent foul muddy still +Waters. The <i><ins class = "correction" title = +"‘g’ invisible">greatest </ins> Eels</i> lurk under Stones, or Roots; the +<i>smallest</i> ones are found in all sorts of Rivers or Soyls: The +<i>Carp</i> is for the deepest stillest part of Pond or River, and so is +the <i>Tench</i>, and both delight in green Weeds.</p> + +<p><i>Pearch</i> delighteth in gentle Streams of a reasonable Depth, not +too shallow; close by a Hollow Bank is their common Sanctuary.</p> + +<p><i>Gudgeon</i> covets Sandy, Gravelly, Gentle Streams, and smaller +Rivers; not so much abounding in Brooks. He bites best in Spring, till +they spawn, and a little after till <i>Wasp</i> time.</p> + +<p>The <i>Salmon</i> delights in large swift Rivers, which ebb and flow; +and are there plentifully to be found: As likewise Rocky and Weedy +Rivers. But in the latter end of the Year he is to be found high up in +the Country, in swift +<span class = "pagenum">92</span> +and violent Cataracts, coming thither to spawn.</p> + +<p>The <i>Trout</i> loves small swift purling Brooks or Rivers, that run +upon Stones or Gravel, and in the swiftest deepest part of them, getteth +behind some Stone-Block and there feeds. He delights in a Point of a +River where the Water comes Whirling like the Eddy, to catch what the +Stream brings down, especially if he has the Shade of a Tree: He hugely +delights to lurk under some hollow Bank or Stone; seldom among +Weeds.</p> + +<p><i>Shad</i>, <i>Thwait</i>, <i>Plaice</i>, <i>Peel</i>, +<i>Mullet</i>, <i>Suant</i> and <i>Flownder</i>, covet chiefly to be in +or near the Salt or Brackish Waters, which ebb and flow: The last, +<i>viz.</i> the <i>Flownder</i>, have been taken in fresh Rivers, as +coveting Sand and Gravel, deep gentle streams, near Banks, +<i>&c.</i></p> + +<p>Lastly the <i>Umber</i> affects Marly Clay Ground, clear and swift +Streams, far from the Sea; the greatest Plenty of these Fish is found in +<i>Derbyshire</i> and <i>Staffordshire</i>.</p> + +<p>Thus much for the <i>Haunts</i> of Fish; I come next to know +<i>When</i> is the most <i>seasonable time</i> to catch them; which +before I speak to, let him that would become a +<span class = "pagenum">93</span> +compleat Angler, take this Rule. That he observe narrowly what Pond or +River soever he fisheth in, whether it be slimy, muddy, stoney or +gravelly; whether of a swift or slow Motion; As likewise that he know +the Nature of each Fish, and what Baits are most proper for every kind: +Not to let his Knowledg be circumscribed to one or two particular +Rivers, whither he is invited to Angle and take his Observations by the +Vicinity of his House; but to let his Knowledge be <i>general</i>, and +consequently his Sport will be so too. His Ignorance otherwise will +oblige him to be a Spectator in another River, when his Excellency is +confined to that only experienced one in or near his own Parish or +House. But to proceed,</p> + +<p class = "space"> +II. To understand the best <i>Time when</i> to Angle in, We must first +consider Affirmatively, when most <i>Seasonable</i>: Or, +2. Negatively, when <i>Unseasonable</i>.</p> + +<p>1. <i>Seasonable</i> Angling is, When the Weather is calme, serene +and clear; tho the Cool cloudy Weather in Summer +<span class = "pagenum">94</span> +is to be preferred, provided the Wind blow not too boistrously, to +hinder your easy Guiding your Tools; In the hottest Months the cooler +the better.</p> + +<p>2. When a Violent shower hath disturbed the Water and mudded it, then +with a <i>Red Worm</i>, Angle in the Stream at the ground.</p> + +<p>3. A little before Fish spawn, when they repair to Gravely Fords to +rub and loosen their full Bellies; they bite freely.</p> + +<p>4. From Sun-rising till eight of the Clock in the Morning, and from +four in the Afternoon till night for <i>Carp</i> and <i>Tench</i>. In +<i>June</i> and <i>July</i>, <i>Carps</i> shew themselves on the very +rim of the Water, then Fish with a <i>Lob-Worm</i>, as you would with a +Natural Flye. But be sure to keep out of sight.</p> + +<p>5. In <i>March</i>, <i>April</i>, and <i>September</i>, and all +<i>VVinter</i>, when the Air is clear, serene and warm. And after a +showre of Rain, which hath only beaten the <i>Gnats</i>, and +<i>Flies</i> into the <i>River</i>, without muddying. The two first +mentioned Months with <i>May</i>, and part of <i>June</i>, are most +proper for the <i>Fly</i>; <i>Nine</i> in the Morning, and <i>Three</i> +a Clock in the +<span class = "pagenum">95</span> +Afternoon, is the best time; as likewise, when the <i>Gnats</i> play +much in a warm Evening.</p> + +<p>6. In a <i>Cloudy</i>, and <i>VVindy</i> day, after a +<i>Moon-shine</i> clear Night, for the brightness of the Night (through +fear) making them abstain from feeding, and the Gloominess of the Day +emboldening and rendering them (through Hunger) sharp, and eager upon +food, they bite then freely.</p> + +<p>7. <i>Lastly</i>, At the opening of <i>Mill-dams</i> or <ins class = +"correction" title = "‘l’ invisible"><i>Sluces</i></ins>, you will find +<i>Trouts</i>, &c. come forth seeking food, brought down by the +Water. We come next to demonstrate the time not proper, +<i>i. e.</i></p> + +<p>2. <i>Unseasonable</i> Angling in short is, When the Earth is +parched, and scorched with Vehement <i>Heat</i>, and <i>Drought</i>; +benummed and frozen with <i>Cold</i>, <i>Frost</i>, and <i>Snow</i>; or +refrigerated with Spring <i>Hoar-Frosts</i>; or blasted with the sharp, +bitter, nipping, <i>North</i>, or <i>East</i> Winds: Or when blustring +<i>Boreas</i> disorders your well guiding your Tackling; or the +<i>Sheep-Shearers Washings</i> glutted the <i>Fish</i>, and anticipated +your <i>Bait</i>; when the withdrawing of your sport, foretells a Storm, +and advises you to some shelter; or Lastly, when the night +<span class = "pagenum">96</span> +proves Dark, and Cloudy, you need not trouble your self the next day, +’tis to no purpose, <i>&c.</i></p> + +<p>Thus much shall suffice for the two first Parts I proposed to treat +of, <i>viz.</i> What we seek after in this Recreation, and Where, and +When to find it; I come next to speak of the several +<i>Implements</i>, and <i>Tackling</i> we ought to be provided with, for +the prosecuting the same; and then to our Sport.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +III. For providing <i>Stocks</i>, the best time is the Winter +<i>Solstice</i>, when the Sap is in the Roots of Trees, and their Leaves +gone. It is improper after <i>January</i>, the Sap then ascending into +the Trunk, and expanding it self over all the Branches. See that your +Stocks be <i>Taper-grown</i>, and your Tops of the best +<i>Ground-Hazle</i>, that can be had, smooth, slender, and straight, of +an Ell-long, pliant, and bending; and yet of a strength, that a +reasonable jerk cannot break it, but it will return to its first +straightness; lest otherwise you endanger your Line. Keep them two full +years, before you use them; having preserved them from Worm-eating, or +Rotting, by thrice a year rubbing +<span class = "pagenum">97</span> +<span class = "folionum">F</span> +and chaffing them well with Butter (if sweet) or Linsed or Sallet-Oyl; +and if Bored, Oyl poured into the Holes, and bathed four and twenty +houres in it, and then thrown out again, will exceedingly preserve +them.</p> + +<p>But why should I further trouble my self with prescribing any Rules +for the ordering the Angle-Rod, since every Cane-shop in <i>London</i> +will furnish us at an easy rate, with Rods of Cane, that shall suit with +the sport we designe; the usual Objection of their <i>Colour</i> and +Stiffness being taken away, the first by covering it with Parchment or +thin Leather, dyed as you please; and the other by the length and +strength of the Top, being as before.</p> + +<p>The next thing we come to prepare is the <i>Line</i>, which though +easy, yet admits of some Rule; wherefore to make it neat, handsome and +strong, twist the Hair you make it of <i>even</i>, having seen if the +Hair be of an equal bigness; then steep your Line in Water, to see if +the Hairs shrink, if so, you must twist them over again. The +<i>Colour</i> of the Hair is best of <i>Sorrel</i>, <i>White</i> and +<i>Grey</i>; Sorrel for muddy boggy Rivers, and the two last for clear +Waters. +<span class = "pagenum">98</span> +Nor is the <i>Pale watry green</i> contemptible, dyed thus: Take a pint +of strong <i>Ale</i>, half a pound of <i>Soot</i>, a little of the +Juice of <i>Walnut-Leaves</i> and <i>Allum</i>; Boyle these together in +a Pipkin half an hour, take it off, and when ’tis cold, put in your +Hair. In making your Line of Hair mix not Silk; but either all Hair, or +all Silk; as likewise distinguish the Line for the Ground Angle, and +that for the Fly-Rod, the last must be stronger than the first; in that +for the Artificial Fly, making the uppermost Link twenty Hairs long, +less in the next, and so less till you come to the Fly. Lastly at each +end of your Line make a Loop (called a <i>Bow</i>) the one +<i>Larger</i>, to fasten to, and take it from the top of your Rod, and +the other <i>Lesser</i> to hang your Hook-line on.</p> + +<p>Your <i>Hook</i> comes next, and requires your Care, That it be Long +in the shank, something Round in compass, the point straight and even, +and bending in the shank. Set on your Hook with strong small Silk, +laying your Hair on the inside of the Hook.</p> + +<p>Your <i>Flote</i> challenges divers wayes of making. Some using +<i>Muscovy</i> Duck-quills for still Waters. Others the +<span class = "pagenum">99</span> +<span class = "folionum">F2</span> +best sound Cork without flaws or holes, bored through with a hot Iron, +and a Quill of a fit proportion put into it; then pared into a pyramidal +Form, or in the fashion of a small Peare, to what bigness you please, +and ground smooth with a Grindstone or Pumice; this is best for strong +Streams.</p> + +<p>In fine, <i>To plum the Ground</i>, get a <i>Carbine</i> Bullet bored +through, and in a strong twist hanged on your <i>Hook</i> or Rod. To +sharpen your <i>Hook</i>, carry <ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads ‘a / a’ at line break">a</ins> little <i>Whetstone</i>. To carry +your several Utensils without incommoding your Tackle, have several +<i>Partitions</i> of Parchment. And in short the Ingenious Angler will +not be unprovided of his <i>Bob</i> and <i>Palmer</i>; his <i>Boxes</i> +of all sizes for his <i>Hooks</i>, <i>Corks</i>, <i>Silk</i>, +<i>Thread</i>, <i>Flies</i>, <i>Lead</i>, &c. His <i>Linnen</i> and +<i>Woollen Bait-Bags</i>; His splinted <i>Osier light Pannier</i>; And +lastly his <i>Landing Hook</i>, with a Screw at the end to screw it into +the socket of a Pole, & stricken into the Fish, to draw it to Land: +To which socket, a Hook to cut up the Weeds, and another to pull +out Wood, may be fastned.</p> + +<p>But all those Implements I have described, serve to no purpose, if we +do not observe to have the <i>Agents</i> and +<span class = "pagenum">100</span> +Effecters of our Pastime in store, I mean proper <i>Baits</i> and +Inticements to take your Fish. Which branch themselves into three +Kinds.</p> + +<p>First, The <i>Life-baits</i>, which are all kind of <i>Worms</i>, +<i>Redworm</i>, <i>Maggot</i>, <i>Dors</i>, <i>Froggs</i>, <i>Bobb</i>, +<i>Brown-Flies</i>, <i>Grashoppers</i>, <i>Hornets</i>, <i>Wasps</i>, +<i>Bees</i>, <i>Snails</i>, small <i>Roaches</i>, <i>Bleak</i>, +<i>Gudgeon</i>, or <i>Loaches</i>.</p> + +<p>Secondly, <i>Artificial living Baits</i>, of <i>Flyes</i> of all +sorts and shapes, made about your Hooks with Silk and Feathers, at all +times seasonable, especially in blustering Weather.</p> + +<p>Lastly, <i>Dead Baits</i>, Pasts of all maings, Wasps dryed or +undryed, clotted <i>Sheeps-blood</i>, <i>Cheese</i>, +<i>Bramble-berries</i>, <i>Corn</i>, <i>Seeds</i>, <i>Cherries</i>, +&c. The two first good in <i>May</i>, <i>June</i> and <i>July</i>, +the two next in <i>April</i>; and the last in the <i>Fall</i> of the +Leaf.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital"> +Of Flies.</h5> + +<p>Of <i>Natural</i> Flies there are innumerable, and therefore it +cannot be expected I can particularize all; but some of their Names I +shall nominate, <i>viz.</i> The <i>Dun-Fly</i>, <i>Red-Fly</i>, +<i>May-Fly</i>, <i>Tawny-Fly</i>, <i>Moor-Fly</i>, <i>Shell-Fly</i>, +<i>Flag-Fly</i>, <i>Vine-Fly</i>, +<span class = "pagenum">101</span> +<span class = "folionum">F3</span> +<i>Cloudy</i> or <i>Blackish-Fly</i>, <i>Canker-Flies</i>, +<i>Bear-Flies</i>, <i>Caterpillars</i>, and thousands more, differing +according to the Soiles, Rivers or Plants.</p> + +<p><i>Artificial Flies</i>, are made by the ingenious Angler, according +to Art, in shape, colour and proportion like the Natural Fly, of +<i>Fur</i>, <i>Wool</i>, <i>Silk</i>, <i>Feathers</i>, &c. To +delineate which I must confess my self not so accurate and skilful a +Painter, nor can any Pen-drawing illustrate their Various Colours so, as +to direct their Artificial Counterfeit; Nature will help him in this by +Observation, curiously <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Flourishng’">Flourishing</ins> their several Orient and bright Colours, +after which they take their names, as before said: And therefore to +furnish your self with both Natural and Artificial <i>Flyes</i>, repair +in the morning to the River, and with a Rod beat the Bushes that hang +over the Water, and take your Choice; This is a Rule whereby you may +know by their Number what <i>Fly</i> the Fish affect most, and +accordingly to use it; taking with you these following Directions.</p> + +<p>1. Observe to Angle with the Artificial <i>Fly</i> in Rivers +disturbed somewhat by Rain, or in a Cloudy day, the +<span class = "pagenum">102</span> +Wind blowing gently: If the Wind be not so high, but you may well guide +your Tackle, in plain Deeps is to be found the best Fish, and best +Sport: If small Wind breeze, in swift streams is best Angling: Be sure +to keep your <i>Fly</i> in perpetual slow motion; and observe that the +Weather suit the Colour of your <i>Fly</i>, as the light Colour’d in a +Clear day, the Darkish in a dark, <i>&c.</i> As likewise according +to the Waters Complexions, have your Fly suitable.</p> + +<p>2. Let your Line be twice as long as your Rod: Keep as far as you can +from the Waterside, the Sun on your back; In casting your Fly, let that +fall first; your Line not touching the Water.</p> + +<p>3. Have a nimble Eye, and active quick Hand to strike presently upon +the rising of the Fish, lest finding his mistake he spew out the +Hook.</p> + +<p>4. In slow Rivers cast your Fly cross them, let it sink a little, +draw it back gently, without breaking or circling <ins class = +"correction" title = "text reads ‘the / the’ at line break">the</ins> +Water; let the Fly float with the Current, and you will not fail of +excellent Sport.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">103</span> +<span class = "folionum">F4</span> +<p>5. Observe to let the Wings of your <i>Salmon-Flys</i> to be one +behind another, whether two or four, and they and the Tail long, and of +the finest gaudiest Colours you can choose.</p> + +<p><i>Lastly</i>, In clear Rivers a small <i>Fly</i> with slender Wings +is best, and in muddied Rivers a Fly of a more than Ordinary large +Body.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +Thus much for Flies, I come next to that I called <i>Dead-Baits</i>, and +shall begin with the several Wayes of making Pastes.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital"> +Of Pastes.</h5> + +<p>1. Beat in a Mortar the Leg of a young <i>Coney</i> (Vulgarly called +the <i>Almond</i>) or of a Whelp or Catling, and a quantity of Virgins +Wax and <i>Sheeps</i> suet, till they are incorporated, and temper them +with clarified <i>Honey</i> into Paste.</p> + +<p>2. <i>Sheeps</i> Blood, <i>Cheese</i>, fine <i>Manchet</i> and +clarified <i>Honey</i> tempered as before.</p> + +<p>3. <i>Sheeps</i>-Kidney-Suet, <i>Cheese</i>, fine Flower, with +clarified <i>Honey</i> tempered.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">104</span> +<p>4. <i>Cherries</i>, <i>Sheeps</i> Blood, <i>Saffron</i> and fine +<i>Manchet</i> made into a Paste.</p> + +<p>5. Beat into a Paste; the fattest Old <i>Cheese</i>, the strongest +<i>Rennet</i> can be got, fine <i>Wheat-flower</i> and <i>Annis-seed</i> +Water: If for a <i>Chub</i> you make the Paste, put a little rafty +<i>Bacon</i>.</p> + +<p>Lastly, <i>Mutton</i>-Kidney Suet, and <i>Turmerick</i> reduced to a +fine Powder, the fattest old <i>Cheese</i> and strongest <i>Rennet</i>, +wrought to a Paste, adding <i>Turmerick</i>, till the Paste be of a +curious Yellow; and is excellent and approved for <i>Chevin</i>.</p> + +<p>All which Pastes when you use them, that you may have the desired +Effects of your Pains infallibly follow, anoint your Bait with this +Confection: Take the Oyl of <i>Aspray</i>, <i>Coculus India</i>, and +<i>Assa <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Fætida’">Fœtida</ins></i> beaten, and mix with it as much +Life-<i>Honey</i>; then dissolve them in the Oyle of <i>Polypody</i>, +and keep it in a close Glass for your use. And that your Paste may not +wash off your Hook, beat Cotten-Wool or Flax into it.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">105</span> +<span class = "folionum">F5</span> +<h5 class = "ital"> +Of keeping Baits.</h5> + +<p>For the keeping and preserving all quick Baits, you must keep them +separately as they are several, not altogether; and feed them with that +they most delight in; as for instance, in short:</p> + +<p>The <i>Red-Worm</i>, must be kept in a bag of Red Cloth, with a +handful of chopt <i>Fennel</i>, mixt with half so much fresh, black and +fertile Mould, will scoure and preserve them: All other Worms, with the +Leaves of Trees they are bred on, renewing them often in a day. Only the +<i>Cad-bait</i>, <i>Bob</i> and <i>Canker</i>, &c. must be kept in +the same things you find them.</p> + +<p>The great <i>White Maggots</i>, keep them in Sheeps-Tallow, or little +bits of a beasts Liver; and to scoure them, hang them warm in a bag of +Blanketing with Sand.</p> + +<p>The <i>Frogs and Grasshoppers</i>, in wet Moss and long Grass, +frequently moistned; and when used, the Legs of the first, and the Wings +of the other must be cut close off.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">106</span> +<p>The <i>Flies</i> use them as you take them. Only the <i>Wasps</i>, +<i>Hornets</i> and <i>Humble-Bee</i>, must be dryed in an Oven, their +heads dipt in Sheeps blood, and dryed again, may be kept in a Box for +use.</p> + +<p>Thus much shall suffice for the Anglers Tools and Baits, I shall +now lead him to his Sport, having first Clad himself with all inward and +outward Ornaments.</p> + +<p><i>Inward</i>, In having his Mind cloathed with these Qualifications, +<i>viz.</i></p> + +<p>1. <i>Learning</i>, throughly to understand his Art, and skilfully +argue and dispute its Excellency, <i>&c<ins class = "correction" +title = ", for .">. </ins></i></p> + +<p>2. <i>Faith</i>, to enjoy the Benefit of his Expectation.</p> + +<p>3. <i>Love</i>, to his Pleasure, not thinking it irksom and tedious, +to his Neighbour, in not offending him.</p> + +<p>4. <i>Patience</i>, In not excruciating himself for Accidents of +Losses, <i>&c.</i></p> + +<p>5. <i>Humility</i>, in wetting himself, lying down, kneeling, +<i>&c.</i> as Occasion requires.</p> + +<p>6. <i>Liberality</i>, in dispencing to others the Fruits of his +Labour.</p> + +<p><i>Outward</i>, In cloathing his body with plain and comely Apparel, +of sad dark +<span class = "pagenum">107</span> +Colours, as sad grayes, tawny, purple, hair or Musk Colour. Warm <ins +class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘and / and’ at line break">and</ins> well lined, to prevent the Evils which the Coldness of +the Air, or Moistness of the Water may produce.</p> + +<p>And now thus equipt let us walk to the Rivers side, there give me +leave to direct you in the <i>Measures</i> you must take and observe, +for the obtaining the End of what all our forementioned Preparations +aime at; I mean the Catching those sundry kinds of Fish I +enumerated at the begining of this Discourse; and observing that first +method, I shall Alphabetically describe, what Baits are most Proper +for taking them, and How to use them.</p> + +<p>To begin then with the <i>Barbel</i>. The best time for Angling for +this Fish is at the latter end of <i>May</i>, <i>June</i>, <i>July</i>, +and beginning of <i>August</i>, in his Haunts aforementioned; and the +best Bait (omiting others) is the well-scoured <i>Lob-Worm</i> (being of +a curious cleanly Palate as well as shape) or Cheese steept an hour or +two in clarified Honey. He is a subtile Fish, extraordinary strong, and +dogged to be dealt with, and therefore be sure to have your Rod and Line +strong and +<span class = "pagenum">108</span> +long, or you may endanger to break it.</p> + +<p>The <i>Breame</i> is next in order; The most seasonable time to Angle +for him is from St. <i>James</i> tide till <i>Bartholomew</i> tide. He +spawneth in <i>June</i> or begining of <i>July</i>; is easily taken, as +falling on his side after one or two gentle turnes, and so drawn easily +to Land. The best Bait for him is that (most delightful to him) +<i>Red-Worme</i> (found in Commons & <i>Chalky</i> Grounds after +Rain) at the root of a great <i>Dock</i>, wrapt up in a round Clue. He +loves also Paste, Flag-Wormes, Wasps, Green-Flies, Butter-Flies, and a +Grass-hopper, without Leggs.</p> + +<p>Bait your Ground the night before with gross-ground Malt, boiled and +strained, and then in the morning with the Red-Worm, bait your Hook, and +plumbing your Ground within half an Inch, Fish.</p> + +<p>The <i>Bleak</i>, an eager Fish, is caught with all sorts of Worms +bred on Trees or Herbs, also with <i>Flies</i>, <i>Cad-bait</i>, +<i>Bobs</i>, <i>Paste</i>, <i>Sheeps-Blood</i>, <i>White Snails</i>, +<i>Wasps</i>, <i>Gnats</i>, &c. In a warm clear day the small Flye +at the rim of the Water +<span class = "pagenum">109</span> +is best; In a Cloudy day, <i>Gentles</i> or <i>Cadis</i> two foot under +the Water.</p> + +<p>The <i>Bull-head</i> or <i>Millers-thumb</i>, being Childrens +Recreation, I shall speak little of, only being serviceable for +Baits, I shall only say he is easily taken with a small Worm, being +lazie and simple, and will swallow any thing; and the <i>Minnow</i>, +<i>Loach</i>, and <i>Bansticle</i> being of the same diet, I place +here too.</p> + +<p>The <i>Chevin</i>, loveth all sorts of <i>Worms</i>, <i>Flies</i>, +<i>Cheese</i>, <i>Grain</i>, and <i>Black Worms</i>, their Bellies being +slit, that the White may be seen: And very much delighteth in the +<i>Pith</i> of an <i>Oxes back</i>, the tough outward skin being +carefully taken off, without breaking the inward tender skin. In the +Morning early angle for <i>Chevin</i>, with a <i>Snail</i>; in the heat +of the day, with some other Bait; in the afternoon with the <i>Fly</i>; +the great <i>Moth</i>, with a great Head, yellow Body, and whiteish +Wings, usually found in <i>Gardens</i>, about the Evening: The larger +the <i>Chevin</i>, the sooner taken; loving his Bait large, and variety +on a Hook.</p> + +<p>The <i>Char</i> is a <i>Lancashire Fish</i>, found in a <i>Mere</i>, +called <i>Winander-Mere</i> in that <i>County</i>, the largest in +<i>England</i>; and being +<span class = "pagenum">110</span> +to be found no where else, I shall not lead my <i>London</i> Angler +thither to teach him to take it.</p> + +<p>The <i>Chub</i>, called by some a <i>Cheven</i>, by others a +<i>Villain</i>, is a <i>Fish</i> of no rare Meat; however, is good for a +young Angler, and is thus to be taken: Bait your hook with a +<i>Grass-hopper</i>, find the Hole where he lies, accompanied in a hot +day, with twenty or more, floating almost on the very superficies of the +Water; choose which you think best, and fairest, and drop your Hook some +two foot before him, and he will bite at it greedily, and cannot break +hold with his <i>Leather Mouth</i>; let him play and tire, lest you +break your Line. If you cannot get a <i>Grass-hopper</i>, then any +<i>Worm</i>, or <i>Fly</i> you will. In cold Weather, fish for him near +the Bottom, and the <i>Humble-Bee</i> is the best Bait. Some appropriate +Baits according to the Month, but I shall Omit that; The <i>Chub</i> +(being best and in his Prime in the Winter, and then excellent meat +Baked) a Paste made of <i>Cheese</i>, and <i>Turpentine</i>, is the +only Bait to take him.</p> + +<p>The <i>Carp</i> is subtle, and full of Policy, will never bite in +Cold Weather, +<span class = "pagenum">111</span> +but in Hot you cannot be too Early, or too Late. In <i>March</i>, he +seldome refuseth the <i>Red-Worme</i>, in <i>June</i> the <i>Cadice</i>, +and the three next <i>Months</i> the <i>Grass-hopper</i>: Pastes that +are sweet, of which I have spoken before, are very delightfull to +<i>Carps</i>: And especially; if you Bait your ground two or three dayes +before you angle, with <i>Pellets</i> of course Paste, +<i>Chickens-guts</i>, <i>Garbage</i>, &c. <i>Gentles</i> anointed, +and a Piece of <i>Scarlet</i> dipt in <i>Honey</i>, put them on the +Hook, is an approved way.</p> + +<p>The <i>Dace</i>, <i>Dare</i>, <i>Rudd</i>, and <i>Roach</i>, being +much of a kind, and feeding, I shall put together, and are easily +taken with small <i>Worms</i>, <i>Bobs</i>, <i>Cadbaits</i>, +<i>Flies</i>, <i>sheeps-Blood</i>, all sorts of <i>Worms</i>, bred on +<i>Trees</i> or <i>Herbs</i>, <i>Paste</i>, <i>Wasps</i>, <i>Gnats</i>, +<i>Lipberries</i>, &c. The Heads of the <i>Wasps</i>, being dipt in +Blood, is good for <i>Dace</i>, and <i>Dare</i>; as is likewise the +<i>Ant-flie</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Eel</i>, takes great <i>Red-worms</i>, <i>Beef</i>, +<i>Wasps</i>, <i>Guts</i> of <i>Fowl</i>, or <i>Fish</i>, <i>Menow</i>, +small <i>Roaches</i> are good Bait for Night Hooks; the Hooks being in +the Mouth of the <i>Fish</i>. Now because this is very delightfull to +most, I shall prescribe three wayes of taking them, as are most +<span class = "pagenum">112</span> +full of Pleasure. The first way is called, <i>Sniggling</i>, or +<i>Broggling</i> for <i>Eels</i>, thus: Take a strong Line and Hook, +baited with a <i>Lob</i>, or <i>Garden-Worm</i>, and observing where +<i>Eels</i> lurk in the day time, with a stick forked at the Top, gently +put your Bait into the Hole, and if there be any <i>Eels</i> there, you +will not fail of a Bite, of as large <i>Eels</i> as can be had, but pull +not too hard lest you spoyl all. The second is called <i>Bobbing</i>, +which is thus done: Take some large well scowred <i>Lobs</i>, and with a +Needle, run some strong twisted <i>Silk</i> through them, from end to +end, so many as are enough to wrap about a Board near a dozen times; tye +them fast with the two ends of the <i>Silk</i> to hang in so many Hanks; +then fasten all to a strong Cord, and a handfull above the <i>Worms</i> +fasten a <i>Plumb</i> of three quarters of a pound, and your Cord to a +strong <i>Pole</i>, and in muddy Waters, you may <i>Fish</i>, and find +the <i>Eels</i> tug lustily, and when you think they have swallowed +them, draw up your Line, and a-shore with them. <i>Lastly</i>, the +<i>Eel-Spear</i> made with four Teeth, jagged on both sides, stricken +into the Mud, on the bottom of a River, and if you chance to strike +<span class = "pagenum">113</span> +where they lye, you infallibly take.</p> + +<p>There is likewise an assured way of taking <i>Eels</i>, approved to +excel any other, thus done: Take some Bottles of <i>Hay</i>, mixt with +green <i>Osiers</i>, or <i>Willows</i>, Bait them with <i>Sheeps +Guts</i>, or other <i>Beasts Garbage</i>, sink them down in the middle, +to the bottom of your <i>Pond</i>, or by the <i>Bank-sides</i>, having +fastned a Cord to the Bottles, that you may twitch them up at your +pleasure, and all the best <i>Eels</i> will resort to them, and you may +take abundance.</p> + +<p>The <i>Flounder</i>, <i>Shad</i>, <i>Thwait</i>, <i>Suant</i>, and +<i>Mullet</i>, are taken with <i>Red-Worms</i> of all sorts, +<i>Wasps</i>, and <i>Gentles</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Grayling</i> is next; In <i>Angling</i> for which, you must +head your Hook upon the shank, with a very slender and narrow plate of +<i>Lead</i>, that the Bait (a large <i>Grass-hopper</i>) may the +more easily come over it; and at the point put a <i>Cadbait</i>, and +keep the Bait in continual motion; not forgetting to pull off the +<i>Grass-hoppers</i> Wings.</p> + +<p>The <i>Gudgeon</i>, takes the smallest <i>Red-Worm</i>, <i>Wasps</i>, +<i>Gentles</i>, and <i>Cadbaits</i>. When you <i>Fish</i> for him, stir +up the <i>Sand</i> or <i>Gravel</i> with a <i>Pole</i>, which will make +them gather thither, and bite more eagerly.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">114</span> +<p>The <i>Guiniad</i>, I shall remit speaking to, only mentioning it in +course, being no where found, but in a place called, <i>Pemble-Mere</i>, +in which place they abound, as the River <i>Dee</i> does with +<i>Salmon</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Pope</i>, or <i>Ruff</i>, is excellent for a young +<i>Angler</i>, bites greedily, and quantities may be taken, by Baiting +the Ground with <i>Earth</i>, and your Hook with small Red +<i>Worms</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Pike</i>, loveth all sorts of Baits (unless the <i>Fly</i>) +<i>Gudgeon</i>, <i>Dace</i>, <i>Roaches</i> and <i>Loaches</i>; and +young <i>Frogs</i> in <i>Summer</i> time, of which the yellowest is +best.</p> + +<p>The <i>Pearch</i>, taketh all sorts of <i>Earth-worms</i>, especially +the <i>Lob-worm</i>, and <i>Brandling</i>, well scowred, <i>Bobs</i>, +<i>Oak-worms</i>, <i>Dors</i>, <i>Gentles</i>, <i>Cole-wort-worms</i>, +<i>Wasps</i>, <i>Cadbaits</i>, and <i>Menow</i>, or a little +<i>Frog</i>, the Hook being fastned through the skin of his Leg, towards +the upper part of it. Be sure you give the <i>Pearch</i> time enough to +pouch his Bait, before you strike.</p> + +<p>The <i>Salmon</i>, is taken best with <i>Lob-worms</i>, scented with +the Oyl of <i>Ivy-berries</i>, or the Oyl of <i>Polypody</i> of the +<i>Oak</i> mixt with <i>Turpentine</i>: Or the well-scowred +<i>Garden-worm</i>, is an excellent +<span class = "pagenum">115</span> +Bait: The <i>Salmon</i> bites best in <i>May</i>, <i>June</i>, and +<i>July</i>, at three a <i>Clock</i> in the Afternoon, if the Water be +clear, a little Wind stirring, especially near the <i>Sea</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Tench</i>, is a great lover of large Red <i>Worms</i>, first +dipt in <i>Tar</i>. As also all sorts of Paste, made up with strong +scented <i>Oyls</i>, or <i>Tar</i>, or a Paste made up of Brown +<i>Bread</i>, and <i>Honey</i>. He will bite too at a <i>Cad-worm</i>, +<i>Lob-worm</i>, <i>Flag-worm</i>, green <i>Gentle</i>, <i>Cadbait</i>, +<i>Marsh-worm</i>, or soft boil’d <i>Bread-grain</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Torcoth</i>, being before mentioned, I only let you know, that +he is only found, in the Pool <i>Linperis</i> in <i>Carnarvan-shire</i>; +and leave you to the <i>Welch-mens</i> description, both of him and his +<i>Bait</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>Trout</i>, is fattest, and in his prime in <i>May</i>, and is +caught with all sorts of <i>Worms</i>, especially <i>Brandlings</i>, +commonly found in an Old <i>Dung-hill</i>, <i>Cow-dung</i>, +<i>Hors-dung</i>, or <i>Tanners-bark</i>: Also with <i>Flies</i>, +Natural and Artificial, with young <i>Frogs</i>, <i>Menow</i>, +<i>Marsh</i>, <i>Dock</i> or <i>Flag-worms</i>; all sorts of +<i>Cad-bait</i>, <i>Dors</i>, <i>Bobs</i>, <i>Palmers</i>, +<i>Gentles</i>, <i>Wasps</i>, <i>Hornets</i>, &c. and with the +<i>Catterpiller</i>, used according to the Rule before prescribed for +the <i>Grayling</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">116</span> +<p><i>Lastly</i>, The <i>Umber</i>, endeth our <i>Alphabet</i>, and +<i>Discourse</i> of <i>Fishing</i> too, and gives me occasion to add no +more, but that he is taken as the <i>Trout</i>, just now mentioned; And +therefore now to your Sport: To assist your well effecting which, +I have but this to add; Cast into your Haunts where you use to +<i>Fish</i>, once in four or five dayes, soft boyled <i>Corn</i> (or +oftner for <i>Carp</i>, and <i>Tench</i>) Also <i>Garbage</i>, <i>Beasts +Livers</i>, chopt <i>Worms</i>, <i>Grains</i> steept in <i>Blood</i>, to +attract them to the place; and to keep them together, throw in half a +handfull of <i>Grains</i> of ground <i>Malt</i>: But in a stream, cast +it above your Hook, that floating towards you may draw the Fish +thither.</p> + +<p>Before I conclude, I was afraid this discourse would have been +imperfect, had not something been spoken of <i>Fish-ponds</i>, their +Ordering, and Improving, that the private Gentleman may not be destitute +of some appropriated place to himself, wherein he may Recreate himself +in this excellent Pastime; great <i>Rivers</i> belonging either to the +King, or to Lords of Mannours, whose Authorities and Jurisdictions must +be kept inviolate, and excludes our Intrusion there.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">117</span> +<h5 class = "ital"> +Of Fish-ponds.</h5> + +<p>When you have a desire to dig a <i>Fish-pond</i>, coveting the +several Advantages that do thence accrue to you, you must first of all +consult, what <i>Grounds</i> are most fit and proper to be cast into a +Pond, <i>viz</i>, Those which are <i>Marrishy</i>; or <i>Boggy</i>; or +full of <i>Springs</i>, unfit for <i>Grazing</i>, or to be put to any +profitable use besides. Of these the last, full of <i>springs</i>, will +yield the best Water; that which is <i>Marshy</i> will feed Fish; and +that which is <i>Boggy</i> is best for a Defence against Thieves.</p> + +<p>Thus being furnished with a piece of Wast Ground, I now mentioned, +let us now to work; And first draw by small Trenches all the Springs or +moist Veines into one place, and so drain the rest of the Ground; then +mark out the Head of your Pond, and make it the highest part of the +ground in the Eye, tho it be the lowest in the true Level: Cut the +Trench of your <i>Floodgate</i> so, that when the VVater is let out, it +may have a swift Fall: On each side of which Trench drive in great +Stakes of <i>Oak</i>, <i>Ash</i> or (which is +<span class = "pagenum">118</span> +best) <i>Elme</i>, six foot long, and six Inches square; place these in +Rowes four foot distance one from another, as broad and wide from the +<i>Floodgate</i> as you intend the Head of your Pond shall go: Now give +us the Spade <i>Tom</i>, and fetch us the Pick-ax <i>Jack</i>, and to +digging of our Pond; Dig it as big and large a Compass as the Ground +will permit, throw your Earth amongst the said stakes, and ram it +between them, hard and firm, till you have covered the stakes: Drive in +as many new ones more besides the heads of the first stakes, and ram +more Earth above them too: Do thus with stakes above stakes till the +head-sides be of a convenient Height: Taking care, that the inside of +your Banks be smooth, even, hard and strong, that you may not fear the +wearing of the Earth off the stakes by any Current of the Water.</p> + +<p>Having thus digged about <i>eight foot deep</i>, that so it may carry +about <i>six foot</i> VVater, pave all the <i>bottom</i> and the Banks +of the Pond with large Sods of <i>Flot-Grass</i>, laying them very close +together, pin them down fast with small stakes and windings: This Grass +is a great Feeder of Fish, and grows naturally +<span class = "pagenum">119</span> +under VVater. Stake down to the bottom of one side of the Pond divers +Bavens and Brush-VVood-Faggots, into which the Fish may cast their +spawn, and preserve it: In another place lay Sods upon Sods, the grass +sides together to nourish and breed <i>Eels</i>.</p> + +<p>The Pond being thus made, let in the Water, and now observe to store +it thus: Put your <i>Carp</i>, <i>Breame</i> and <i>Tench</i> by +themselves: <i>Pike</i>, <i>Pearch</i>, <i>Eel</i> and <i>Tench</i> (the +Fishes Physician) by themselves; & for Food of the greater Fishes, +as well as Meat for your greater Dishes, put good store of <i>Roach</i>, +<i>Dace</i>, <i>Loach</i> and <i>Menow</i>; and Lastly to every one +<i>Melter</i> put three <i>Spawners</i>, and in three Years the Increase +will be great; and in five Years with difficulty destroyed.</p> + +<p>At the end of three Years <i>Sue your Pond</i>; which you must ever +continue so to do, for that the <i>Roach</i>, &c. will increase in +such abundance, that eating up the sweetest food, will make your other +Fish, as <i>Carps</i>, &c. be lean and hunger-starved: And therefore +every Year view your Pond, and observe if any such Fry appears; and use +your Discretion.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">120</span> +<p>And because the <i>Carp</i> is a Fish of a general Acceptation, and +is of a <i>bon goust</i> almost in every mans palate; and being by the +aforesaid little Devourers and Multiplyers, very often Deceived in your +expectation of a fat <i>Carp</i>, large and sweet; I shall insert +here an excellent VVay of making <i>Carps</i> grow to an extraordinary +Bigness in a Pond.</p> + + +<h5 class = "ital"> +To make <em>Carps</em> grow large, <em>&c.</em></h5> + +<p>About the Month of <i>April</i>, when you perceive your Pond grow low +in VVater, rake all the sides where the VVater is fallen away with an +Iron Rake, and sow <i>Hay-seeds</i> there, and rake it well; and at the +Latter end of Summer you shall have good store of Grass: The +<i>Winter</i> being come the VVater will encrease and over-top all the +Grass, and there being VVater enough to carry them, the <i>Carps</i> +will resort to the seeds, and feed briskly and grow as fat as +<i>Hoggs</i>: Thus do every <i>Summer</i>, till you sue your pond, and +no River <i>Carp</i> can surpass them.</p> + +<p>Thus much of <i>Fishing</i> and <i>Fish-Ponds</i>.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">121</span> +<span class = "folionum">G</span> +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "shooting" id = "shooting" href = "#titlepage"> +<img src = "images/hd_shooting.png" width = "281" height = "51" +alt = "Of Shooting"></a> +</p> + + +<p><span class = "firstletter">T</span>he Use of the Bow is of so great +Antiquity, and of so important a Consequence for a <i>defensive</i> and +<i>offensive Armes</i>, that I could not but a little consider, how +needful the true knowledge of its Use was esteemed of Old, and how +<i>little it is accounted</i> now. It is uncertain, as well as (almost) +unknown, who was the First Inventor of the Bow; but if we examine the +<i>Probability</i> there may be of its being derived from the Tyranical +Government of <i>Nimrod</i>, that so <i>Mighty Hunter before the +Lord</i>, we may <i>Conjecture</i> him to be the first Inventor of the +Bow: For as he is called the <i>First Founder</i> of a <i>Monarchick +Government</i>, by reducing and subduing a disordered People under the +Government of himself; so was he likewise esteemed a <i>Mighty +Hunter</i> in another respect, for that he <i>Subdued likewise the +Beasts of the Field</i>; as is observed of him and his Character, by +sundry Commentators on him and his Family. So that in the whole we may +<span class = "pagenum">122</span> +suppose him to be the Inventor, or first Finder out of the Bow, as a +Weapon of an infallible Execution and mortal Efficacy on that account. +Nor can I find any mention made of the <i>Bow</i> thro the whole Hystory +of <i>Genesis</i> from <i>Nimrod</i> to <i>Esau</i>, they both being +characterized with those Epithets of <i>Mighty and Cunning Hunters</i>, +<i>Men of the Field</i>; who very well understood the Use of the Bow, as +well for their <i>Profit</i> as <i>Pleasure</i>; the last of which is +particularly hinted in the commands of <i>Isaac</i> to <i>Esau</i>, that +with his <i>Quiver</i> and his <i>Bow</i>, he should Hunt and take that +only <i>Seasonable</i> Dish, which might procure and entaile a +<i>Blessing</i> on him and his Posterity. Nay, that Holy Patriarch +<i>Jacob</i> himself, in his last Will and Testament to his Illustrious +Family, bequeaths a <i>singular Portion</i> to his beloved +<i>Joseph</i>, which the <i>strength of his Bow</i> had intitled him to. +<i>Gen.</i> 48. 22.</p> + +<p>Nor are we to doubt in what Estimation it was held to the Reign of +<i>David</i> King of <i>Israel</i>, who thought it the most <i>Necessary +Qualification</i> of his Subjects, to be very well versed in the Use of +the <i>Bow</i>. The <i>Bow</i> which was the Famous <i>Signal</i> +between his beloved +<span class = "pagenum">123</span> +<span class = "folionum">G2</span> +<i>Jonathan</i> and himself, and made the private <i>Testimonial</i> of +the undeserv’d Fury of his Maliciously & Enviously incensed +<i>Father Saul</i>: By reason of whose eminent Skill, in the expert use +of it, he chants forth his <i>Mournful Elegy</i>, The <i>Bow of +<em>Jonathan</em> returned not empty, from the Blood of the slain</i>, +&c. Nay further so useful (no doubt) he thought the Knowledge of the +Bow was, and of so necessary a Consequence for a Defensive as well as +Offensive Armes, that it is observable he issued out a particular Edict +or Proclamation, commanding the <i>general Learning its use +throughout</i> Judah. And the Use of it continued and still does in the +East, as the only Weapon they are skilled in.</p> + +<p>Dr. <i>Heylin</i> in his Cosmographical Description of the World, +tells us, That the <i>Czeremissi</i>, a People living in great +Forrests, without Houses, feeding on Honey & the Flesh of Wild +Beasts & Clothed with their Skins, under the Empire of the +<i>Czar</i> of <i>Russia</i>, are such excellent Archers, and so light +of Foot, that they carry their Bows continually in their hands, and +practise their Children so timely in it, that (after such an age) till +they can hit a <i>White</i> +<span class = "pagenum">124</span> +that is set before them, they give them nothing to eat.</p> + +<p>Further; it is recorded of the <i>Parthians</i> (and indeed all the +<i>Persians</i> too) that their greatest Fame consisted in their skilful +handling their <i>Bows</i> and <i>Arrows</i>, & were deservedly +reckon’d the best Archers in the World, having the Art of <i>Shooting +backwards</i>, and making their <i>Retreat</i> and <i>Flight</i> more +pernicious and terrible, than their <i>Charge</i> and <i>Onset</i>. So +that when <i>Marcus Crassus</i> in his expedition against them, was told +by an <i>Astrologer</i>, that having found an ill Aspect in +<i>Scorpio</i>, he presaged his Enterprize would prove unsuccesseful, +<i>Tush Man</i> (quoth he) <i>I fear not Scorpio, but +Sagittarius</i>.</p> + +<p>And to descend to our own Countrymen the English, the frequent +Victories they obtained over the <i>French</i> formerly, rendred them as +famous and able Bow-men (next the <i>Parthians</i>) as were in the +World.</p> + +<p>But since the Ingenious <i>Franciscan</i> Fryer (<i>Bertholdus +Swart</i>) appeared in <i>Germany</i>, his <i>Sulphureous</i> Brain has +quite (or almost) <i>blown</i> up the Reputation of the Bow, and all +other Ancient Devices and Engines of War, by his <i>Accidental +Invention</i> of that Fatal Instrument +<span class = "pagenum">125</span> +<span class = "folionum">G3</span> +the <i>Gun</i>, which he first communicated to the <i>Venetians</i>, +<i>Anno 1330</i>. Who gave by these (then so called) <i>Bombards</i>, +a notable discomfiture to the <i>Genoys</i>; and was next made use +of by the Inhabitants of the <i>Baltick Sea</i>; And at the Siege of +<i>Callice</i> <i>Anno 1347.</i> used by the <i>English</i>; who taught +it the <i>Mounsieur Frenchman</i>, and he gratified him with the death +of the Famous Leader, <i>Thomas Mountacute</i> Earl of <i>Salisbury</i>, +shot at the Siege of <i>Orleance</i>, <i>Anno. 1425</i>. After which +<i>Spain</i> learnt it, and the <i>Jews</i> and <i>Moors</i> from thence +taught the <i>Turk</i>; and from the first Invention of <i>large</i> and +<i>unweildy</i>, they were made fit for <i>Walls</i> and <i>Hands</i>; +and in fine <i>is a less expensive way of shedding blood than that of +Archery is</i>.</p> + +<p>Thus you see how Ancient the Use of the <i>Bow</i> is, and how lately +its Disuse began (I mean in relation to the Common-Wealth, as a +defensive, or offensive Weapon) and how great the Ancient Fame of our +<i>English</i> was in the knowledge of it: However the Glory of it is +somewhat still preserved (though in a Pastime) by the Honourable City of +<i>London</i>, whose <i>Lord Mayor</i> <ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads ‘annnally’">annually</ins> appears to see a <i>Prize</i> +performed by +<span class = "pagenum">126</span> +<i>Shooting</i> with a Pound <i>Arrow</i>: And therefore all I have to +say more, is, That it is deservedly placed amongst my Recreations, +having <i>Metamorphosed</i> its Use, and become a Healthful Conserver, +instead of Destroyer of mens Bodies. And is vulgarly distinguished into +two sorts, the <i>Long-bow</i>, and the <i>Cross</i> or +<i>Crow-Bow</i>.</p> + +<p>I shall begin first with the <i>Long-bow</i>, whose Use is (now) thus +to be understood. That it conduces much to the Health of our Body, +disperses our stagnated Blood, extends our contracted Limbs, and renders +the Members of our Bodies plyant, and flexible; and for the better +obtaining these Effects, the following Rules are to be Observed.</p> + +<p>Before the <i>Archer</i> goes to his Sport (to follow the Method of +this Treatise) he must first provide himself with necessary +<i>Accoutrements</i>, <i>viz</i>, The <i>Bow</i> which claimes his first +Care, must be the best (<i>as best is best Cheap</i>) of <i>Spanish</i> +or <i>English Yew</i>, (the <i>VVithen</i>, or <i>Elme</i> being the +worst:) Next his <i>Shaft</i>, which must be of <i>Birch</i>, +<i>Sugar-Chest</i>, or <i>Brazeel</i>, with <i>Gray</i>, or <i>White +Feathers</i><ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">. </ins></p> + +<span class = "pagenum">127</span> +<span class = "folionum">G4</span> +<p>Thus equipt, to the Field, and here we are to understand three sorts +of <i>Marks</i>, <i>viz</i>, The <i>But</i>, which is a <i>Mark</i> that +is level, and requires a strong <i>Arrow</i> with a broad Feather: The +<i>Prick</i>, a <i>Mark</i> of some compass, of a certain distance, +requires an <i>Arrow</i> that is strong, and nimble, with a middle +Feather: The <i>Rover</i>, is an uncertain <i>Mark</i>, and +Proportionable to the distance, suit your <i>Arrows</i>. But before you +Shoot, hold a little, and hearken to your Charge.</p> + +<p><i>First</i>, The <i>Archer</i> must have a good <i>Eye</i>, to see +and discern his <i>Mark</i>; attended with a <i>Knowing Judgment</i>, to +Understand the distance of Ground, and in what compass his <i>Arrow</i> +must Fly, and to take the true Advantage of a Side-Wind; and a Dexterity +to give his <i>Shaft</i> a sharp strong and sudden Loose, and without +hanging on the string, to draw his <i>Arrow</i> close to the Head, and +in an instant deliver it.</p> + +<p><i>Secondly</i>, He must observe a <i>Decorum</i> in his standing +Posture, that his Body be fair, comely, and upright; his left Foot a +convenient stride before his right, with both his Hams stiff, his left +Arm holding his <i>Bow</i> in the midst, +<span class = "pagenum">128</span> +stretch’d out streight; and with his three Fore-Fingers and Thumb of his +right-hand, draw the string to his right Ear, the Notch of his +<i>Arrow</i> resting between his fore and long Fingers of his +Right-Hand, and the <i>Steel</i> of his <i>Arrow</i> below the +<i>Feathers</i> upon the middle <i>Knuckle</i> of his fore-finger, on +his Left-Hand, drawing it up close, as abovesaid.</p> + +<p>The <i>Cross-Bow</i> (as I said in the Introduction to this +<i>Treatise</i>) is of equal Benefit and Pleasure with the +<i>Long-Bow</i>, when through an imbecillity in the <i>Arm</i> or +<i>Back</i>, that will not be a suitable Recreation: This <i>Bow</i> +must be made of the same Wood with the other, for <i>Gafel</i> carried +upon a string, and the other end being placed in a Rest, furnish your +self with strong and heavy <i>Arrows</i>, suitable to your <i>Bows</i> +strength, and all the foregoing <i>Marks</i>, may afford you an equal +Delight with the Former; but especially for Persons that have the +unhappiness of looking asquint, it is an excellent Disposer of the +sight, to a direct Line, and helps that <i>Watermans</i> quality of +<i>Looking one way, and Rowing another</i>. Thus much shall suffice for +<i>Shooting</i>.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">129</span> +<span class = "folionum">G5</span> +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "bowling" id = "bowling" href = "#titlepage"> +<img src = "images/hd_bowling.png" width = "278" height = "49" +alt = "Of Bowling"></a> +</p> + + +<p><span class = "firstletter">T</span>his is a Recreation of an Ancient +Institution, the <i>Lydians</i> being thought to have been the first +Inventors of <i>Sphæromachia</i>, which signifies <i>Bowling</i>, as +well as <i>Tennis-Playing</i>; besides these they instituted several +other Games, as the <i>Dice</i>, <i>Tables</i>, <i>Cards</i>, &c. +Necessity, and Hunger enforcing them to that Ingenuity, as +<i>Persius</i> well observes, <i>Artis Magister, Ingenijque largitor +Venter</i>: For that Country being Oppressed with a great Dearth and +Famine, in the time of <i>Atis</i>, one of the Progenitors of +<i>Omphale</i>, they Devised these Games, that every second day playing +at them, they might beguile their Hungry Bellies, and drive away the +Tediousness of the Famine. And indeed, according to its Original +institution, of infinite use for the diverting Melancholly, for Exercise +of the Body, by runing and stirring in this Game, for helping likewise +sundry Bodily Infirmities, as the <i>Stone</i>, <i>Gravel</i>, +<i>Reins</i>, &c. For which aforesaid ends several +<span class = "pagenum">130</span> +Pious, Learned and Sober Persons have sometimes made up the Company of a +<i>Bowling-Green</i> (tho I must confess rarely to be seen in those +common <i>Bowling-Allies</i> and <i>Bares</i>, which too usually are +pestered with <i>Damming-Rooks</i>, <i>Cunning Betters</i>, <i>Crafty +Matchers</i>, and base <i>Booty-Players</i>:) Herein we may see the +World moralized, or emblematically described, where most are short, +over, wide or wrong-Byassed, and few justle in to the Mistress +<i>Fortune</i>: On one side we find <i>Heraclitus</i> and his Followers +fret, vex, rail, swear and cavil at every thing; on the other side +<i>Democritus</i>, and his Company rejoice and laugh, as if they were +created for that purpose. On one side you may see the <i>Mimick</i> +screwing and twisting his Body into several Postures, which he perswades +himself adds either to the Swiftness or Slowness of his Bowl; On the +other side the senseless <i>Orator</i>, with his perswasive Intreaties +of <i>Rub, O Rub a little</i>; Or, <i>Flee, Flee</i>, and the like, +to hasten or retard the Speed of his Bowl; when if the stupid Bowl lend +a deaf Ear to his Perswasions, then he <i>belyes</i> his Disobedience, +by crying <i>Short, Short, O Short</i>, when tis gone ten yards +over; and when tis bowled short of the +<span class = "pagenum">131</span> +<i>Jack</i> six yards, he cryes, <i>Gone a Mile, a Mile, +a Mile</i>, &c. But not to detain you any longer in +characterizing this excellent sport: (<i>Excellent</i> I mean if rightly +used) I shall before I lead you into the <i>Green</i> or +<i>Bare</i>, instruct you in some Rules, how to choose your +<i>Bowls</i>.</p> + +<p>The first and greatest Cunning to be observed in <i>Bowling</i>, is +the right <i>chusing your Bowl</i>, which must be suitable to the +Grounds you design to run on, thus: For <i>close Alleys</i>, your best +Choice is the <i>Flat Bowl</i>: 2. For <i>open Grounds</i> of +Advantage, the <i>Round-Byassed-Bowl</i>; 3. For <i>Green +Swarths</i>, that are plain and level, the Bowl that is <i>Round as a +Ball</i>.</p> + +<p>The next thing requires your Care is, <i>The chusing out your +Ground</i>, and preventing the Windings, Hangings, and many turning +<i>Advantages</i> of the same, whether it be in open wide places, as +<i>Bares</i> and <i>Bowling-Greens</i>, or in close +<i>Bowling-Alleys</i>.</p> + +<p>Lastly, Have your <i>Judgment</i> about you to observe and +distinguish the <i>Risings</i>, <i>Fallings</i> and <i>Advantages</i> of +the Places where you Bowl: Have your <i>Wits</i> about you to avoid +being rookt of your Money: And have your Understanding +<span class = "pagenum">132</span> +about you, to know your best Time and Opportunity for this Recreation; +and finally a studious Care of your Words and Passions, and then +<i>Bowl</i> away, and you may deserve, <i>Well have you Bowled +indeed</i>.</p> + +<p>But methinks I cannot conclude here, without admiring how aptly a +Bowling-Green is by the Divine <i>Quarles</i> characterized, in the +following Verses, thus.</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Brave pastime, <em>Readers</em>, to consume that Day,</p> +<p>Which without Pastime flies too swift away!</p> +<p>See how they Labour, as if Day and Night</p> +<p>Were both too short to serve their loose Delight?</p> +<p>See how their curved <em>Bodies</em> wreath, and skrue</p> +<p>Such Antick shapes as <em>Proteus</em> never knew:</p> +<p>One rapps an Oath, another deals a Curse,</p> +<p>He never better bowl’d, this never worse;</p> +<p>One rubs his itchless Elbow, shruggs and laughs,</p> +<p>The t’other bends his beetle-brows, and chafes;</p> +<p>Sometimes they whoop, sometimes the <em>Stygian</em> Cryes,</p> +<p>Send their black <em>Santo’s</em> to the blushing Skies:</p> +<p>Thus mingling Humours in a mad Confusion</p> +<p>They make bad Premisses and worse Conclusion.</p> +</div> + +<p>Thus much for <i>Bowling</i>.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">133</span> +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "tennis" id = "tennis" href = "#titlepage"> +<img src = "images/hd_tennis.png" width = "240" height = "46" +alt = "Of Tennis."></a> +</p> + + +<p><span class = "firstletter">T</span>his Recreation is of the same +Date for its <i>Antiquity</i> of Invention with <i>Bowling</i>, and for +the <i>Violence</i> of its Exercise to be preferred before it. This +sport indeed is of so universal an Acceptance, that Majesty it self is +pleased to design it its Recommendation, by tracking its laborious +steps; and <i>Princes</i> and <i>Lords</i> admire it too for the most +proper Recreation, to suit with <i>Innocence</i>, and <i>true +Nobility</i>. Here the body is briskly exercised more than ordinary, and +inured in <i>Agility</i> and <i>Nimbleness</i>; this renders the Limbs +flexible and mettlesom, and adapts them for the most Vigorous +Enterprize: It makes the languid and slothful, <i>brisk</i> and +<i>sprightful</i>; and rejects <i>Effeminacy</i> and <i>Delicacy</i>, as +contemptible and unworthy so Royal and Noble a Recreation: And so +General indeed is the Estimation this Exercise of <i>Tennis</i> amongst +most meets with, that it is reckoned one of the most absolute +Qualifications of a +<span class = "pagenum">134</span> +well-bred Gentleman, throughly to understand this famous Game.</p> + +<p>But why should we wonder at the general Love Gentlemen have for this +Recreation, since it must be acknowledged, it challengeth as deserving a +place in the Catalogue of violent Exercises, as any that goes before it +in this Treatise; indeed it may be well rankt among those great +Excellencies of Exercise which rendered the <i>Lacedemonians</i>, Famous +to all Posterity for instructing their young Gentlemen and Noblemen in: +Nay for ought I know it is a <i>derivative Vertue</i> which descended to +the true <i>English</i> Gentleman, from that so excellent Method of +Education used amongst the Warlike Nation the <i>Gothes</i>: Who (as +<i>Olaus Magnus</i> informes us) amongst the greatest Severities, as +<i>Beatings</i> and <i>Wounds</i>, <i>Change of Heat into sudden +Cold</i>, <i>lying</i> (not on <i>Downe</i> but) upon <i>Boards</i>, +<i>coursely clad</i>, and <i>Feeding</i> on <i>Ordinary</i>, but strong +<i>Food</i>, used themselves to the most tedious, wearisome and Violent +Exercises, as <i>Riding</i>, <i>Darting</i>, <i>Shooting</i>, &c. +<i>Wearing heavy Armes</i>, <i>Swimming on Horse-Back and in Armour</i>; +And had they been acquainted with this Exercise of <i>Tennis</i>, +<span class = "pagenum">135</span> +would not have omitted that neither: But I shall not enlarge any further +on its <i>Encomium</i>, its being the Pastime of the most knowing and +greatest men, shall stop any longer <i>Eulogies</i> my Pen can make on +its Worth and Excellence. All I have to say is, I am heartily +sorry, there are no <i>Rules</i> which fall within the Sphere of +<i>Demonstration</i>, to be laid down for my Readers use, for the right +prosecuting this Noble Game: Practice and Experience alone must be his +Information and Direction, and not any Writing may be communicated to +him: Only let me say this.</p> + +<p><i>Tennis</i> and <i>Baloon</i> are Sports which are play’d almost +with the same Instruments; and therefore may be under one and the same +Head: The first is a pastime, used in close or open Courts, by striking +a little <i>Round Ball</i> to and fro, either with the <i>Palmes</i> of +the hands (and then is called <i>Pila palmaria</i> in Latin) or else a +<i>Racket</i>, made for the purpose, round with Net or Cat-gut, with a +Handle: The other a strong and moving Sport in the Open Fields with a +great Ball of a double Leather filled with Wind, and so driven to and +fro with the strength of a Mans Arm, +<span class = "pagenum">136</span> +armed in a Brace of Wood: And thus much shall suffice to speak of the +<i>Baloon</i> and <i>Tennis</i>; only let me desire you, let not this or +any other Pastime disturb your Minds; divert you from the diligent and +careful Prosecution of your own lawful Business; or invite you to throw +away your Time and Money too lavishly and idley; nor engage you in any +Passion; that so you may not offend God, dislike your <i>Neighbour</i>, +nor incomode your <i>Self</i> and <i>Family</i> in your Well-being and +Felicity; and then you may recreate your self without Fear, and in this +Recreation observe the ensuing Morality of</p> + + +<h4 class = "long">The +<img src = "images/tenniscourt.png" width = "124" height = "19" +alt = "The Tennis-Court"></h4> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>When as the Hand <em>at Tennis</em> Playes,</p> +<p class = "in1">And Men to Gaming fall,</p> +<p><em>Love</em> is the <em>Court</em>, <em>Hope</em> is the +<em>House</em>,</p> +<p class = "in1">And <em>Favour</em> serves the <em>Ball</em>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"> +This <em>Ball</em> it self is <em>due Desert</em>,</p> +<p class = "in1">The <em>Line</em> that measure showes</p> +<p>Is <em>Reason</em>, whereon <em>Judgment</em> looks</p> +<p class = "in1">Where Players win and lose.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">137</span> +<p class = "stanza"> +The <em>Tutties</em> are <em>Deceitful Shifts</em>, +<p class = "in1">The <em>Stoppers</em>, <em>Jealousy</em>,</p> +<p>Which hath Sir <em>Argus</em> hundred Eyes,</p> +<p class = "in1">Wherewith to watch and pry.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"> +The <em>Fault</em> whereon <em>Fifteen is lost</em>,</p> +<p class = "in1">Is <em>Want of Wit and Sense</em>,</p> +<p>And he that brings the <em>Racket</em> in</p> +<p class = "in1">Is <em>Double Diligence</em>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"> +But now the <em>Racket</em> is <em>Free-Will</em>,</p> +<p class = "in1">Which makes the <em>Ball</em> rebound,</p> +<p>And noble <em>Beauty</em> is the <em>Choice</em>,</p> +<p class = "in1">And of each Game the <em>Ground</em>.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"> +Then <em>Racket</em> strikes the <em>Ball</em> away,</p> +<p class = "in1">And there is <em>Over-sight</em>,</p> +<p>A <em>Bandy</em> ho! the People cry,</p> +<p class = "in1">And so the <em>Ball</em> takes flight.</p> + +<p class = "stanza"> +Now at the length <em>Good-liking</em> proves</p> +<p class = "in1"><em>Content</em> to be their <em>Gain</em>:</p> +<p>Thus in the <em>Tennis-Court</em>, <em>Love is</em></p> +<p class = "in1"><em>A Pleasure mixt with Pain</em>.</p> +</div> + + + +<span class = "pagenum">138</span> +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "ringing" id = "ringing" href = "#titlepage"> +<img src = "images/hd_ringing.png" width = "269" height = "50" +alt = "Of Ringing"></a> +</p> + + +<p><span class = "firstletter">S</span>ince this Recreation of +<i>Ringing</i> is become so highly esteemed, for its excellent +<i>Harmony of Musick</i> it affords the <i>Ear</i>, for its +<i>Mathematical Invention</i> delighting the <i>Mind</i>, and for the +<i>Violence of its Exercise</i> bringing Health to the <i>Body</i>, +causing it to transpire plentifully, and by Sweats dissipate and expel +those Fuliginous thick <i>Vapours</i>, which <i>Idleness</i>, +<i>Effeminacy</i> and <i>Delicacy</i> subject men to; I say for +these and sundry other Reasons, I was induced to bring this of +<i>Ringing</i> into the Company of <i>Exercises</i> in this Treatise, +that I might as well recreate you with some health-conducing Pleasure at +<i>home</i>, as I have carryed you <i>abroad</i>, and there endeavoured +to please you in what Pastime your Inclinations may most peculiarly +select.</p> + +<p>Whosoever would then become an accurate Master of this excellent Art +and Pleasure, and is very desirous to be esteemed an Elaborate and +Ingenious <i>Ringer</i>, and be enrolled amongst +<span class = "pagenum">139</span> +that Honoured <i>Society</i> of <b>Colledge Youths</b>; I must beg +Leave to instruct him before he enters the <i>Bell-free</i>, in these +ensuing short Rules, which he must strictly observe. <i>viz.</i></p> + +<p>1. That as all <i>Musick</i> consists in these six plain +<i>Notes</i>, <i>La Sol Fa Mi Re Ut</i>; so in <i>Ringing</i>, +a Peal of Bells is Tuned according to these Principles of Musick: +For as each <i>Bell takes its Denomination from the Note it Sounds</i>, +by its being flatter or deeper, as, <i>First</i>, or Treble, +<i>Second</i>, <i>Third</i>, <i>Fourth</i>, &c. as they are in +number to <i>Ten</i> or <i>Twelve</i> Bells, the Last being called the +<i>Tennor</i>; So must they successively strike one after another both +<i>Fore-stroke</i> and <i>Back-stroke</i>, in a due Musical Time or +Equidistance, to render their Harmony the more pleasant, and to make the +Young Practitioner the better informed to observe the <i>Life of +Musick</i>, and indeed of true Ringing, <i>Time</i>; and therefore is +called, <i>Round-Ringing</i>.</p> + +<p>2. As in Musick, so in Ringing there are <i>three Concords</i>, so +called from their Melodious Harmony and Agreement, which Principally are +these; <i>Thirds</i>, <i>viz.</i> 1 3, 2 4. <i>&c.</i> +<i>Fifths</i> 1 5, 2 6 <i>&c.</i> <i>Eights</i> 1 8, +2 9, 3 10 &c. and these are the more +<span class = "pagenum">140</span> +pleasant according to the Number of Bells they are struck on, and as +they are struck, whether seperately or mutually. From hence +<i>Changes</i> are made, which is only a Changing place of one +<i>Note</i> with another, so variously, as Musick may be heard a +thousand wayes of Harmony; which being so obvious to common Observation, +I shall not go about to demonstrate; for that if two may be varied +two wayes, surely by the <i>Rule of Multiplication</i>, a Man may +easily learn how many times 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 12 Bells Notes may +be varied, which will run almost <i>ad infinitum</i>.</p> + +<p>3. For the better observing the Ringing of <i>Changes</i> or +<i>Rounds</i>, these three things are to be noted.</p> + +<p>1. <i>The Raising true in Peal.</i></p> + +<p>2. <i>Ringing at a low Compass</i>; And</p> + +<p>3. <i>Ceasing in true Peal</i>; All which three are the most +essential Parts to render a Practitioner <i>Excellent</i><ins class = +"correction" title = ". invisible">. </ins></p> + +<p>1. For <i>Raising a Peal of Bells true</i>, the modern & best +Practice recommends the <i>swiftest and quickest possible</i>, every one +taking Assistance to raise his Bell, as its going requires: The +<i>lesser</i> Bells as <i>Treble</i>, <i>&c.</i> being by main +strength <i>held down</i> in their first Sway (or pull) +<span class = "pagenum">141</span> +to get time for the striking of the rest of Larger Compass; and so +continued to be strong pulled till Frame-high, and then may be slackned: +The <i>Bigger</i>, as <i>Tenor</i>, &c. must be <i>pincht</i> or +checkt over head, that the Notes may be heard to strike roundly and +hansomely. Observe that all the Notes strike round at one Pull: +I do not mean the First; but ’tis according to the Bigness and +Weightiness of your Bells: However in raising a Peal, do not let one +<i>Bell</i> strike before the rest, or miss when the rest do; this is +contrary to the Strict Rules of <i>true Ringing</i>: And this is called +<i>Round-Ringing</i>. Now if you design to raise a Peal of Bells for +<i>Changes</i>, you ought to raise them to a Set-Pull, as the most +proper for commanding the Notes, and he who is not well skilled to +manage his Bell at a <i>Set-Pull</i>, will be apt to drop or overturn +it, be in a Wood, and fruitlessly toil and moil himself. Therefore in +practising the Setting of a Bell, cast your Eye about the other +Bell-Ropes, during your managing your own, that you may accustome your +selfe to manage it according to the <i>Change</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">142</span> +<p>2. For <i>Ringing at a Low Compass</i>, is thus observed: By keeping +a due <i>punctum</i> or beat of Time, in the successive striking one +after another of every Bell; the <i>best Ringer</i> being set to the +<i>Treble</i>, that may guide and direct the rest of the Notes in their +due <i>Measure</i>.</p> + +<p>3. For <i>Ceasing a Peal of Bells</i>; Let them fall gradually from a +set <i>Peal</i>, checking them only at Sally, till the low Compass +renders it useless; and when so low, that for want of Compass, they can +scarce strike at Back-stroak; then let the <i>Treble</i>-Ringer stamp, +as a Signal, to notify, that the next time they come to strike at the +Fore-stroke, to check them down, to hinder their striking the +Back-stroke; yet Fore-stroke continued, till brought to a neat and +gracefull Chime, which may be the <i>Finis</i> to that <i>Peal</i>.</p> + +<p>Thus much in short, for <i>Raising</i>, <i>Round-Ringing</i>, and +<i>Ceasing</i> a <i>Peal</i> of <i>Bells</i>; I come next to lead +you forth into that spacious <i>Field</i> of Variety of <i>Changes</i>, +and present you with Instructions that may be meerly necessary, for the +right Understanding the several kinds of them.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">143</span> +<p>Now in <i>Ringing Changes</i>, two of our best Senses, are to be +employed, <i>viz.</i> The <i>Ear</i>, and the <i>Eye</i>: The +<i>Ear</i>, Hearing when to make a <i>Change</i>; and the <i>Eye</i> +directing the <i>Bell</i> in making it: The <i>Bells</i> being the +Object of the Former, and the <i>Bell-Ropes</i> the Object of the +Latter. And to render both the Eye and Ear Usefull in Ringing +<i>Changes</i>, these <i>Five</i> things are throughly to be +Understood</p> + +<p><i>First.</i> Endeavour to distinguish the <i>Notes</i> of a +<i>Peal</i> of <i>Bells</i>, one from another while Ringing.</p> + +<p><i>Secondly</i>, Learn to apprehend the Places of the +<i>Notes</i><ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">. </ins></p> + +<p><i>Thirdly</i>, Understand the Precendency of <i>Notes</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Fourthly</i>, How to make a <i>Change</i> in <i>Ringing</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Fifthly</i>, and <i>Lastly</i>. How to Practise the four +fore-going Notions in General.</p> + +<p>1. <i>To know the Notes of a Peal of Bells asunder</i> (which is easy +in <i>Round-Ringing</i>) in <i>Changes</i> is thus: Get the skill of +Tuning them with your <i>Voice</i>, by imitating their Notes while +<i>Ringing</i>. Or if you are acquainted, either by your self or Friend, +with some <i>Singing-master</i>, or one who has skill in <i>Singing</i>, +<span class = "pagenum">144</span> +get him to instruct you in the true Pitch of any <i>Note</i>, and aid +your distinguishing them; otherwise you may be puzzled in this, to know +which is <i>Treble</i>, which <i>Second</i>, &c. as in 532641, +<i>&c.</i></p> + +<p>2. To know the Places of the <i>Notes</i>, is no way better to be +apprehended than thus: The Practitioner ought to form an <i>Idea</i> in +his Head of the Place of each <i>Note</i>, whether in a direct +<i>Line</i>, or <i>Obliquely</i>; and representing them by a +<i>Figure</i> in his mind, see (as it were) by the Eye of his +Understanding each stroke of the <i>Bell</i>, as the +<i>Treble</i>, 1. <i>Second</i> 2. <i>Third</i> 3. +<i>&c.</i> so that as the <i>Ear</i> is to direct him, when to make +the Change, so a right Apprehension of the <i>Motion</i> and +<i>Places</i> of the <i>Notes</i>, ought to be a means to guide his +Ear.</p> + +<p>3. The Precedency of <i>Notes</i>, is of a very Obvious +Demonstration; thus: In Ringing <i>Changes</i>, the Fore and +Back-stroke, successively following one another, are properly said to +<i>Lye behind</i> one another, according to their places of striking. Or +in short, in 12345. the <i>Note</i> that leads either at Fore or +Back-stroak, is said to <i>Lye before</i> the rest, and the last to be +behind. As +<span class = "pagenum">145</span> +<span class = "folionum">H</span> +the 2 is said to lye behind the 1, so it lyeth before the 3, +as the 3 lyeth behind the 2, so it lyeth before the 4. And so +of as many as are <i>Rung</i>.</p> + +<p>4. The manner of making a <i>Change</i>, is very common, and needs no +particular, but general Rule; That it is made by moving one <i>Note</i> +into anothers place, Up and Down, as Occasion requires; but all usually +made by two <i>Notes</i> standing one next the other, as hereafter may +be Observed.</p> + +<p><i>Lastly</i>, In your Ringing <i>Changes</i>, these two things (in +which consists the practick part of this Art) are to be rightly +considered. <i>First</i>, Readily to know which two <i>Bells</i> are to +make the succeeding <i>Change</i>. And <i>Secondly</i>, to consider (if +you are concern’d in it) what <i>Bell</i> you are to follow in making +it. To understand which the more perfectly, you must imprint in your +memory, the Method of the <i>Changes</i> prick’d in <i>Figures</i>, and +to be expert likewise in setting them down divers wayes, and making any +<i>Figure</i> a <i>Hunt</i> at Pleasure; and thus without pausing or +hesitating to consider the Course, you may throughly understand the +Methods; the Four preceding Observations being first perfectly +understood.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">146</span> +<p>There are two wayes of <i>Ringing Changes</i>, viz. By <i>Walking</i> +them, as the Artists stile it; or by <i>Whole-pulls</i>, or +<i>Half-pulls</i>: <i>Walking</i> is, when in one <i>Change</i> the +<i>Bells</i> go round, <i>Four</i>, <i>Six</i>, or <i>Eight</i> times; +which is a most incomparable way to improve a young Practitioner, by +giving him time to consider, which two <i>Bells</i> do make the next +succeeding <i>Change</i>, and in making it, what <i>Bell</i> each is to +follow; so that by this means (by his industry) he may be capable of +Ringing at <i>Whole-Pulls</i>; Which is, when the <i>Bells</i> go round +in a Change at fore and back-stroke; and a new Change is made every time +they are pulled down at Sally: This an Ancient Practice, but is now laid +aside, since we have learnt a more advantageous way of hanging our +<i>Bells</i>, that we can manage a <i>Bell</i> with more ease at a +Set-Pull than formerly: So that Ringing at <i>Half-Pulls</i> is now the +modern general Practice; that is, When one Change is made at +Fore-Stroke, another at Back-Stroke, <i>&c.</i></p> + +<p>I have one Thing more to add in these <i>introductory</i> Rules, and +that in short is this: He that Rings the slowest <i>Hunt</i>, ought to +notify the <i>extreme Changes</i>; +<span class = "pagenum">147</span> +<span class = "folionum">H2</span> +which is, when the Leading <i>Bell</i> is pulling down, that he might +make the Change next before the Extreme, he ought to say, +<i>Extreme</i>. By this means, betwixt the Warning and the Extreme there +will be one compleat Change.</p> + + +<h5><i>Of Changes</i>, &c.</h5> + +<p>There are <i>two kinds of Changes</i>, viz. <i>Plain Changes</i>, and +<i>Cross-Peals</i>; which Terms do denote the <i>Nature</i> of them; for +as the first is stiled <i>Plain</i>, so are its Methods easy; and as the +second is called <i>Cross</i>, so are its Methods cross and intricate: +The First have a general Method, in which all the Notes (except Three) +have a direct <i>Hunting-Course</i>, moving gradually under each other, +plainly and uniformly: <i>Plain</i> are likewise termed <i>single +Changes</i>, because there is but one single Change made in the striking +all the Notes round, either at fore or back-stroke. But the Second is +<i>various</i>, each Peal differing in its Course from all others; and +<i>in Cross-Peals as many Changes may be made as the Notes will +permit</i>. In short, as to <i>Plain-Changes</i>, I shall not +dilate on them here, it being so <i>plainly</i> understood by +<span class = "pagenum">148</span> +every one that lately have rung a <i>Bell</i> in peal; All therefore I +shall add is this, That any two Notes that strike next together may make +a Change, which may be done either <i>single</i> or <i>double</i>, as +you list. The <i>single</i>, by changing Two Notes; and the +<i>Double</i>, by changing Four, <i>i. e.</i> Two to make one Change, +and two another; which is however called <i>One double Change</i>, and +not two Changes; because tis made in striking the Notes of the +<i>Bells</i> once round. For the rest, common Observation and Practice +bids me stop here, and demands a Clearing those dark Intricacies which +attend <i>Cross-Peals</i>.</p> + + +<h5><i>Of Cross-Peals.</i></h5> + +<p><i>Art</i>, being a curious Searcher and Enquirer into the hidden and +abstruse <i>Arcana</i>’s of Difficulties, having found out that dark and +remote Corner of Obscurity, wherein the nature of these +<i>Cross-Peals</i> lay at first invelopped, has exhibited by its +<i>Proselytes</i> the ensuing Demonstrations of that which before lay +mantled up in Doubt: And to effect this, these <i>Favourites of Art</i> +have, like ingenious Architects, made Order +<span class = "pagenum">149</span> +<span class = "folionum">H3</span> +and Method the <i>Basis</i>, on which the whole Structure depends: For +in these <i>Cross-Peals</i> we must observe the <i>prime Movement</i>, +which sets the whole Frame a going, and that is called the <i>Hunt</i>, +which hath <i>One constant Uniform Motion throughout the Peal</i>, and +different from that of the other Notes; and indeed by this the whole +Course of the Peal is Steered. This keeps a continual motion through the +other Notes, <i>i. e.</i> From Leading, to strike behind, and from +thence again to Lead; which is called one <i>compleat Course</i>.</p> + +<p>Some Peals upon <i>five Bells</i> consist of <i>single</i> Courses, +wherein are ten Changes, and twelve Courses make the Peal. Others upon +Five, consist of Double Courses, wherein are twenty Changes to every +Course, and six Courses in the Peal.</p> + +<p>Upon <i>six Bells</i> there are likewise <i>single</i> and +<i>double</i> Courses, <i>viz.</i> Twelve Changes in every single +Course, as in <i>Grandsire Bob</i>, &c. and Twenty-four Changes in +every Double Course, as in <i>Colledge Bobs</i>, that being the first +Change of every Course, wherein the <i>Hunt</i> leaves Leading: In +short, judiciously observe the first Course of any <i>Cross-Peal</i>, +<span class = "pagenum">150</span> +and you will soon see the <ins class = "correction" title = "second ‘e’ invisible">general</ins> Method of the whole Peal: All Courses in +Cross-Peals agreeing in these following three Respects. First, <i>In the +motion of the Hunt</i>. Secondly, <i>In the motion of the rest of the +Notes</i>: And Thirdly, <i>In making the Changes</i>. Which three things +being well (to omit Instances of Demonstration) and narrowly observed, +will be very helpful both in pricking and ringing Courses; the first and +third for directing you in Pricking them, and the first and second in +Ringing them.</p> + +<p>There is one <i>Difficulty</i> to be removed e’re I can come to prick +down those <i>Peals</i> I design to be the Subject of the Discourse of +this <i>Epitome</i>, and that is, <i>How to make the first Changes at +the beginning of each Peal</i>; I mean to make the <i>Second</i>, +<i>Third</i>, <i>Fourth</i>, &c. <i>whole Hunts</i>; and this in +short is thus directed: In any <i>Cross-Peal</i> the <span class = +"missing"><i>Whole Hunt</i></span> may move either up or down at the +beginning; and the Motion of the <i>Whole Hunt</i>, in the first Course +of each of the following Peals, will direct the first Motion of any +<i>Cross-hunt</i>, and by Consequence of making the first Changes in +that Peal. Taking along with you this Observation.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">151</span> +<span class = "folionum">H4</span> +<p>That whensoever the first Change of any Peal happens to be +<i>single</i>, it must be made at the back-stroke, to prevent <i>cutting +Compass</i>; and the like when a double Change happens first in a Peal +of <i>Triples and doubles</i>: But when it happens, that the first +Change is made at the Back-stroke, then Consequently the Bells at the +end of the Peal will come round at a Fore-stroke Change.</p> + +<p>I shall omit speaking to any of the several <i>Peals</i> on <i>four +or five Bells</i>; for that in my Opinion little <i>Musick</i> is heard, +though much <i>practical Observation</i> is made, from them; and +therefore shall begin with <i>Grandsire-Bob</i>, as having mentioned it +but just before in my general View I made of <i>Cross-Peals</i>.</p> + + +<h5><i>Grandsire Bob.</i></h5> + +<p><i>Bob</i> Changes take their Name from this, <i>viz.</i> When the +<i>Treble</i> leads in the <i>Second</i> and <i>Third</i>, and the +<i>Fifth</i> and <i>Sixth</i>’s places, then they are called +<i>Bob-Changes</i>. In Ringing which you are to observe these Rules, +<i>viz.</i></p> + +<p>Whatsoever Bells you follow when you <i>Hunt up</i>, the same Bells +in the same order you must follow in <i>Hunting +<span class = "pagenum">152</span> +down</i>; as in the Changes here prickt, where the <i>Treble</i> hunting +up <i>First</i> follow <i>Second</i>, then <i>Fourth</i>, and then +<i>Sixth</i>; when it comes behind, <i>First</i> follows <i>Second</i>, +in hunting down <i>Fourth</i>; and when hunted up follows <i>Sixth</i> +in the same Order: The like may be observed in Ringing any other Bell, +with this Difference betwixt the Whole-hunt and the rest, <i>viz.</i> +Every time the Whole-hunt leaves the <i>Treble</i>’s place, and hunts +up, it followeth different Bells from what it did at its first +hunting up.</p> + +<p>In the ensuing Peal here prickt are <i>Eighteen-score</i> Changes, +wanting one. It may be Rung with any <i>Hunts</i>, and begin the Changes +<i>Triple</i> and <i>Double</i>: You may make your Extreme at the first, +second, or third <i>single Bob</i>; or the first, second, or third time, +that the half and <i>quarter-hunts</i> dodg behind; the <i>single</i> +must be made behind in either of these.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">153</span> +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>4365<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>635<br> +4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>53<br> +46<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +645<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +6543<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +5634<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +536<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +35<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>64<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>546<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>35<span class = "hunt2">2</span>64<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>546<br> +3<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>34<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>436<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>635<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +46<span class = "hunt2">2</span>53<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +645<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +654<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br> +56<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +5<span class = "hunt">1</span>634<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>536<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>5634<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +5<span class = "hunt">1</span>36<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br> +53<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>64<br> +35<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>46<br> +3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>54<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3456<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4365<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>63<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +46<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>35<br> +64<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>53<br> +6<span class = "hunt">1</span>45<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>6543<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +</td> +<td> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>564<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br> +5<span class = "hunt">1</span>463<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +54<span class = "hunt">1</span>36<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +453<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<br> +435<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +34<span class = "hunt2">2</span>56<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>465<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>364<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>63<span class = "hunt">1</span>45<br> +6<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>354<br> +6<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>534<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<span class = "hunt2">2</span>43<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt2">2</span>534<br> +6<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>43<br> +65<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br> +564<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +5463<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +4536<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +435<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +34<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>3645<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>6354<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>3645<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>6354<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>534<br> +6<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<br> +65<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +564<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +5463<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +4536<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +435<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +34<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>56<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>465<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>34<span class = "hunt2">2</span>56<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>465<br> +3<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>645<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>36<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>635<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br> +6<span class = "hunt2">2</span>534<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +65<span class = "hunt2">2</span>43<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +564<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +546<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br> +45<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>536<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>435<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>3456<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<br> +35<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>46<br> +53<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>64<br> +5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>36<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5634<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6543<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +6<span class = "hunt2">2</span>45<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +64<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>53<br> +46<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>35<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>4365<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>346<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span>645<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +36<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +635<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br> +653<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br> +56<span class = "hunt2">2</span>34<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>643<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>546<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>45<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br> +4<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>536<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span>356<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<span class = "hunt2">2</span>65<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "underline">14<span class = "hunt2">2</span>356</span><br> +1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4536<br> +<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5463</span><br> +15<span class = "hunt2">2</span>643<br> +<span class = "underline">156<span class = "hunt2">2</span>34</span><br> +1653<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br> +<span class = "underline">16354<span class = "hunt2">2</span></span><br> +<span class = "pagenum">154</span> +13645<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">1634<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5</span><br> +136<span class = "hunt2">2</span>45<br> +<span class = "underline">13<span class = "hunt2">2</span>654</span><br> +1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3564<br> +<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5346</span><br> +15<span class = "hunt2">2</span>436<br> +<span class = "underline">154<span class = "hunt2">2</span>63</span><br> +1456<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">15463<span class = "hunt2">2</span></span><br> +14536<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">1543<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6</span><br> +145<span class = "hunt2">2</span>36<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "underline">14<span class = "hunt2">2</span>563</span><br> +1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4653<br> +<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6435</span><br> +16<span class = "hunt2">2</span>345<br> +<span class = "underline">163<span class = "hunt2">2</span>54</span><br> +1365<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br> +<span class = "underline">13564<span class = "hunt2">2</span></span><br> +15346<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">1354<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6</span><br> +153<span class = "hunt2">2</span>46<br> +<span class = "underline">15<span class = "hunt2">2</span>364</span><br> +1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5634<br> +<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6543</span><br> +16<span class = "hunt2">2</span>453<br> +<span class = "underline">164<span class = "hunt2">2</span>35</span><br> +1463<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">16435<span class = "hunt2">2</span></span><br> +14653<span class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">1645<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3</span><br> +146<span class = "hunt2">2</span>53<br> +<span class = "underline">14<span class = "hunt2">2</span>635</span><br> +<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4365</span><br> +<span class = "underline">1<span class = "hunt2">2</span>3456</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Thus much for the <i>Grandsire-Bob</i>; I shall next collect what +<i>London Peals</i> I think most Harmonious, and agreeable, without +troubling my self to go to <i>Oxford</i>, or <i>Nottingham</i>, or +<i>Redding</i>, to enquire after their different Methods of <i>Peal<ins +class = "correction" title = "invisible">e</ins>s</i>, as indeed +needless; <ins class = "correction" title = "words supplied from 1696">and my</ins> reason is this: Because I think the same Rules for +<i>Peales</i> that are suitable to our <i>London Genius</i>, may +challenge likewise an Acceptance amongst other <i>Cities</i>; provided +their <i>Steeples</i> are furnished with as many, and as good +<i>Bells</i>, and their <i>Belfree’s</i> with as ingenious +<span class = "pagenum">155</span> +and elaborate <i>Ringers</i> as here in <i>London</i>.</p> + +<p>I shall begin then with <i>Peales upon Six Bells</i>, and herein in +order, measure out the Delights on <i>Peals</i> from <i>Six</i> to +<i>Eight</i> Bells, and setting out early, present you with</p> + + +<h5><i>The Morning Exercise.</i></h5> + +<p><i>Doubles</i> and <i>Singles</i>. The whole <i>Hunt</i> is the +<i>Treble</i>, which <i>Hunteth</i> up into the <i>Second</i>, +<i>Third</i>, and <i>Fourth</i> places, lying twice in each; and then +lyeth still in the <i>Sixth</i> place, having dodged behind, and makes +another, and then <i>Hunts</i> down as it <i>Hunted</i> up, and then +leads four times. Observing the manner of its Pricking, and its +Practice, may excuse any further defining it.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3456<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br> +234<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br> +234<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br> +2435<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +24356<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +2453<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +24536<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +25463<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +2546<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +25643<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +2564<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +265<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<br> +265<span class = "hunt">1</span>34<br> +26<ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘51’"><span class = +"hunt">1</span>5</ins>43<br> +26<span class = "hunt">1</span>534<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>6543<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>6534<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>26543<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>26534<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>62543<br> +<span class = "underline"><span class = "hunt">1</span>62534</span><br> +164352<br> +</td> +<td> +164325<br> +<span class = "pagenum">156</span> +<i>bob.</i><br> +163452<br> +<span class = "underline">163425</span><br> +165243<br> +165234<br> +156243<br> +<span class = "underline">156234</span><br> +154326<br> +154362<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +153426<br> +<span class = "underline">153462</span><br> +152643<br> +</td> +<td> +152634<br> +125643<br> +<span class = "underline">125634</span><br> +124365<br> +124356<br> +142365<br> +<span class = "underline">142356</span><br> +146532<br> +146523<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +145632<br> +<span class = "underline">145623</span><br> +143265<br> +</td> +<td> +143256<br> +134265<br> +<span class = "underline">134256</span><br> +136524<br> +136542<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +135624<br> +<span class = "underline">135642</span><br> +132465<br> +132456<br> +123465<br> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>This will go a 120 <i>Changes</i>, and by making <i>Bobs</i>, 240, +360, <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘270’">720</ins>.</p> + + +<h4><i>A Cure for <em>Melancholy</em>.</i><br> +<span class = "subhead"><i>Doubles</i> and <i>Singles</i>.</span></h4> + +<p>I should think it needless to explain the method of prick’d Peales, +and give a large Definition of them, when their plain Demonstration +might be sufficient; However, as the Old <i>Phrase</i> is, <i>Because +’tis usual</i>, something shall be said of this too.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">157</span> +<p>The <i>Treble</i> is the whole <i>Hunt</i>, as in the former, and +leads four times, and lyeth behind as many, and twice in every other +place; the two <i>Bells</i> in the 3d. add 4th. places continue dodging, +when the <i>Treble</i> moves out of the 4th. place; untill it comes down +there again, and then the two hindmost dodge, till the <i>Treble</i> +displaceth them; who maketh every double <i>Change</i>, except when it +lieth behind, and then the double is on the four first, and on the four +last when it leads. Every Single (except when the <i>Treble</i> lies +there) is in the 5th. and 6th. places; or if possessed by the +<i>Treble</i>, then in the 3d. and 4th. places: Every <i>Bell</i> +(except the <i>Treble</i>) lies four times in the Second place: But +enough; a word is enough to the Wise. See it here Deciphered.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3456<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br> +234<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br> +234<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br> +2435<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +2453<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +24356<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +24536<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +42356<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +42536<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +4235<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +4253<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +452<span class = "hunt">1</span>36<br> +452<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br> +45<span class = "hunt">1</span>236<br> +45<span class = "hunt">1</span>263<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>5236<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>5263<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>45236<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>45263<br> +</td> +<td> +142536<br> +<span class = "underline">142563</span><br> +156423<br> +156432<br> +<span class = "pagenum">158</span> +<i>bob.</i><br> +165423<br> +<span class = "underline">165432</span><br> +143652<br> +143625<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +134652<br> +<span class = "underline">134625</span><br> +162345<br> +162354<br> +163245<br> +<span class = "underline">163254</span><br> +125634<br> +</td> +<td> +125643<br> +126534<br> +<span class = "underline">126543</span><br> +154263<br> +154236<br> +152463<br> +<span class = "underline">152436</span><br> +143526<br> +143562<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +134526<br> +<span class = "underline">134562</span><br> +156423<br> +</td> +<td> +156432<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +165423<br> +<span class = "underline">165432</span><br> +132654<br> +132645<br> +136254<br> +<span class = "underline">136245</span><br> +124365<br> +124356<br> +123465<br> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>This will go <i>Six-score Changes</i>, but by making <i>bobs</i>, it +will go 240, 360, or 720. The <i>bob</i> is a double <i>Change</i> at +the leading of the <i>Treble</i>, in which the <i>Bell</i> in the 4th +Place lyeth still.</p> + + +<h4>London Nightingale,<br> +<span class = "subhead"><i>Doubles</i> and <i>Singles</i>.</span></h4> + +<p>The Whole-<i>Hunt</i> is the <i>Treble</i>, who lyeth four times +before, and as many behind, and twice in every other place: The two hind +<i>bells</i> continue dodging, when the <i>Treble</i> moves down out of +the +<span class = "pagenum">159</span> +<i>Fifth</i> place, till he comes there again, the <i>bell</i> in the +<i>Fourth</i> place lying still all the while: When the two hind +<i>bells</i> aforesaid leave dodging, then the two <i>First bells</i> +take their dodging places, till dispossessed again, by the return of the +said Hind <i>bells</i> to their dodging; and then they Cease.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3456<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br> +234<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br> +234<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br> +2435<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +4235<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +24356<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +42356<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +24536<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +42536<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> + <br> +2453<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +4253<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +452<span class = "hunt">1</span>36<br> +452<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br> +45<span class = "hunt">1</span>236<br> +45<span class = "hunt">1</span>263<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>5236<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>5263<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>45236<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>45263<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>54236<br> +<span class = "underline"><span class = "hunt">1</span>54263</span><br> +126543<br> +</td> +<td> +126534<br> +162543<br> +<span class = "underline">162534</span><br> +153624<br> +153642<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +156324<br> +<span class = "underline">156342</span><br> +134562<br> +134526<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +135462<br> +<span class = "underline">135426</span><br> +142356<br> +</td> +<td> +142365<br> +124356<br> +<span class = "underline">124365</span><br> +136245<br> +136254<br> +163245<br> +<span class = "underline">163254</span><br> +125634<br> +125643<br> +152634<br> +<span class = "underline">1526<ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads ‘34’">43</ins></span><br> +164523<br> +</td> +<td> +164532<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +165423<br> +<span class = "underline">165432</span><br> +143652<br> +143625<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +146352<br> +<span class = "underline">146325</span><br> +132465<br> +132456<br> +123465<br> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">160</span> +<p>This will go 120, and by making <i>bobs</i>, 240, 360, or 720.</p> + + +<h5><i>Colledge Bobs.</i></h5> + +<p>In this <i>bob</i>, when the <i>Treble</i> leaves the two Hind +<i>bells</i>, they dodge till it comes there again, and till the +<i>Treble</i> gives way for the dodging again of the said two Hind +<i>bells</i>, the two <i>First bells</i> dodge, but after Cease dodging, +when the two Hind <i>bells</i> dodge.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4365<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>24356<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br> +324<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br> +32<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br> +234<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br> +2436<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +42635<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +2463<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +42365<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +24635<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +4236<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +24365<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +4263<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +462<span class = "hunt">1</span>35<br> +64<span class = "hunt">1</span>253<br> +642<span class = "hunt">1</span>35<br> +46<span class = "hunt">1</span>253<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>6235<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>42653<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>2635<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>46253<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>42635<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>6253<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>46235<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>2653<br> +42<span class = "hunt">1</span>635<br> +246<span class = "hunt">1</span>53<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span>635<br> +426<span class = "hunt">1</span>53<br> +4625<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +<i>&c.</i><br> +</td> +<td> +165432<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">156423</span><br> +143526<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">134562</span><br> +152364<br> +<span class = "pagenum">161</span> +<span class = "underline">153246</span><br> +126543<br> +<span class = "underline">125634</span><br> +164235<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "underline">162453</span><br> +143652<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">134625</span><br> +165324<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">156342</span><br> +132546<br> +<span class = "underline">135264</span><br> +124365<br> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<h5><i>Another.</i></h5> + +<p>Here, every <i>bell</i>, when it comes to lead, makes a dodge before, +then after one <i>Change</i>, it lyeth still; after it has made another +dodge, it moves up into the <i>4th.</i> place, where twice it lyeth +still; and down again; except the <i>Treble</i> happens to dodge with it +in the <i>4th.</i> place, then it <i>Hunts</i> up behind. When the +<i>Treble</i> moves down out of the <i>3d.</i> place, the two +<i>bells</i> in the <i>3d.</i> and <i>4th.</i> place continue there, +till the <i>Treble</i> comes up thither again, the two hind <i>bells</i> +dodging in the mean time.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">162</span> +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4365<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>24356<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>645<br> +326<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>654<br> +326<span class = "hunt">1</span>45<br> +3624<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +63425<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +3642<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +63245<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +62354<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +2653<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br> +62534<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +2635<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br> +236<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<br> +32<span class = "hunt">1</span>645<br> +236<span class = "hunt">1</span>45<br> +32<span class = "hunt">1</span>654<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span>2564<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>35246<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span>5264<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>32546<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>35264<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span>2546<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>32564<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span>5246<br> +35<span class = "hunt">1</span>426<br> +534<span class = "hunt">1</span>62<br> +35<span class = "hunt">1</span>462<br> +534<span class = "hunt">1</span>26<br> +<i>&c.</i><br> +</td> +<td> +153624<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">135642</span><br> +153462<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">135426</span><br> +153246<br> +<span class = "underline">152364</span><br> +125634<br> +<span class = "underline">126543</span><br> +162453<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "underline">164235</span><br> +146325<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">164352</span><br> +146532<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">164523</span><br> +146253<br> +<span class = "underline">142635</span><br> +124365<br> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Both these <i>bobs</i> will go <i>One Hundred</i> and <i>Twenty +Changes</i>, and by making of <i>bobs</i>, they will go, 240, 360, or +720. And thus with little Variatio<span class = "missing">n, +there</span> are other <i>bobs</i> may be made after the same manner, +and afford as Admirable Musick, as possibly can be made on <i>bells</i>. +I shall therefore hasten to finish this dayes Work, only first +present you with this one more called,</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">163</span> +<h4>The City Delight:<br> +<span class = "subhead"><i>Doubles</i> and <i>Singles</i>.</span></h4> + +<p>The whole <i>Hunt</i> is the <i>Treble</i>, and lieth as before in +the <i>Nightingale</i>: When the <i>Treble</i> moves out of the +<i>3d.</i> place, the <i>Singles</i> are made in the <i>2d.</i> and +<i>3d.</i> places, till the <i>Treble</i> repossesses his <i>3d</i> +place, and then behind, till it moves up again out of the <i>3d.</i> +place. The two Hind <i>bells</i> dodge, when the <i>Treble</i> moves out +of the <i>4th.</i> place, till he returns again; the <i>bell</i> in the +<i>4th.</i> place lying still all the while.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3456<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>456<br> +234<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<br> +234<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br> +243<span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br> <!-- wrong? --> +2346<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +2436<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +24635<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +26435<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +24653<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +26435<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +2654<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +2564<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +265<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<br> +256<span class = "hunt">1</span>43<br> +25<span class = "hunt">1</span>634<br> +25<span class = "hunt">1</span>643<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>5634<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>5643<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>25634<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>25643<br> +152634<br> +<span class = "underline">152643</span><br> +154326<br> +154362<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +153426<br> +<span class = "underline">153462</span><br> +</td> +<td> +156234<br> +156243<br> +165234<br> +<span class = "underline">165243</span><br> +164352<br> +164325<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +163452<br> +<span class = "underline">163425</span><br> +162534<br> +162543<br> +126534<br> +<span class = "underline">126543</span><br> +124365<br> +124356<br> +142365<br> +<span class = "underline">142356</span><br> +</td> +<td> +145623<br> +145632<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +146523<br> +<span class = "underline">146532</span><br> +143265<br> +143256<br> +134265<br> +<span class = "underline">134256</span><br> +135642<br> +135624<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +136542<br> +<span class = "underline">136524</span><br> +132465<br> +132456<br> +123465<br> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class = "pagenum">164</span> +<p>This will go as many <i>Changes</i> as the last mentioned, by making +<i>bobs</i>. And here I will shut up this dayes Peal, upon Six Bells +with</p> + + +<h4>The Evening Delight.<br> +<span class = "subhead"><i>Doubles</i> and <i>Singles</i>.</span></h4> + +<p>The Whole-<i>Hunt</i> is the <i>Treble</i>, and lyes as before +specified, with this exception only: That it dodges in the <i>2d.</i> +and <i>3d.</i> places, every time it <i>Hunts</i> up, and down. Observe +when <i>Treble</i> goes to lead, and leaves of leading, the <i>bells</i> +in the <i>3d.</i> and <i>4th.</i> places lye still, <i>&c.</i> Note +the pricking this <i>Peal</i>.</p> + + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3465<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>465<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>3645<br> +23<span class = "hunt">1</span>645<br> +236<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<br> +263<span class = "hunt">1</span>54<br> +2365<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br> +2635<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br> +2653<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br> +25634<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +26543<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +25643<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +2546<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +</td> +<td> +2456<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +254<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br> +245<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span>536<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4536<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span>356<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4356<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>24365<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>42365<br> +124635<br> +<span class = "underline">142635</span><br> +146253<br> +164235<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +146253<br> +<span class = "underline">164235</span><br> +162453<br> +</td> +<td> +126453<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +162435<br> +<span class = "underline">126435</span><br> +124653<br> +142653<br> +124563<br> +<span class = "underline">142563</span><br> +145236<br> +154236<br> +145326<br> +<span class = "underline">154326</span><br> +<span class = "pagenum">165</span> +153462<br> +135462<br> +153642<br> +<span class = "underline">135642</span><br> +136524<br> +</td> +<td> +163524<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +136542<br> +<span class = "underline">163542</span><br> +165324<br> +156324<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +165342<br> +<span class = "underline">156342</span><br> +153624<br> +135624<br> +153264<br> +<span class = "underline">135264</span><br> +132546<br> +123546<br> +132456<br> +<span class = "underline">123456</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>This Peal will go 120 <i>Changes</i>, and by making <i>bobs</i>, as +many as above.</p> + +<p>Note that in all the foregoing Peals upon <i>Six bells</i>, the +<i>bobs</i> are double <i>Changes</i>, and made alwayes at the leadings +of the <i>Whole-Hunt</i>. He that Rings the <i>Half-Hunt</i>, may best +call <i>bob</i> in all Peales.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +I come now to the <i>Changes</i> upon Seven <i>bells</i>, which though +the seldom Practice of them might excuse my omitting them; yet because I +promised to say somewhat of them, I shall be as good as my Word, +(the Character of an Honest man) and present you with a couple of +Examples, and then proceed to <i>Peales</i> upon <i>Eight</i>: But this +I must crave leave to premise, That Variety of <i>Changes</i> may be +prick’d upon Seven <i>bells</i>, as <i>Triples</i>, and <i>Doubles</i>, +<i>Triples Doubles</i>, and <i>Single Doubles</i>, &c. +<span class = "pagenum">166</span> +and the same Methods may be prick’d upon <i>Seven</i>, as may be upon +<i>Five</i>, the true difference of Proportion being observed; but to +proceed.</p> + + +<h5><i>Dodging Triples.</i></h5> + +<p><i>Triples</i> and <i>Doubles</i>, and indeed all <i>Peals</i> upon +Six, may likewise go upon Seven <i>Bells</i>, thus,</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">1234567</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">3</span>576<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">3</span>67<br> +425<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>76<br> +452<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>67<br> +54<span class = "hunt2">3</span>26<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +452<span class = "hunt2">3</span>67<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +54<span class = "hunt2">3</span>276<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +452<span class = "hunt2">3</span>7<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +54<span class = "hunt2">3</span>2<span class = "hunt">1</span>76<br> +5<span class = "hunt2">3</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>267<br> +<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>4276<br> +<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>52467<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>25476<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>52746<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<h5>Plain Triples.</h5> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">1234567</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">3</span>657<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt2">3</span>75<br> +426<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br> +4627<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br> +64725<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span><br> +67452<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +7654<span class = "hunt2">3</span>2<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +756<span class = "hunt2">3</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>2<br> +57<span class = "hunt2">3</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>42<br> +5<span class = "hunt2">3</span>7<span class = "hunt">1</span>624<br> +<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>7264<br> +<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>52746<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>25476<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>In this all the Bells have a Hunting <i>Course</i>.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">167</span> +<h5><i>Colledge Triples</i>, dodging before, and behind.</h5> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">1234567</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt2">3</span>576<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span><ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads ‘535’">5<span class = "hunt2">3</span>6</ins>7<br> +425<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>76<br> +245<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>67<br> +42<span class = "hunt2">3</span>56<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +24<span class = "hunt2">3</span>657<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +426<span class = "hunt2">3</span>75<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +2467<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +4276<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br> +247<span class = "hunt">1</span>65<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br> +42<span class = "hunt">1</span>76<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>2675<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>4627<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>46725<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>762<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br> +47<span class = "hunt">1</span>265<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br> +742<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt2">3</span>5<br> +4726<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">3</span><br> +74625<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt2">3</span><br> +47652<span class = "hunt2">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>This <i>Peal</i> thus prick’t, will go, 84 <i>Changes</i>, and the +<i>Treble</i> leading, and the <i>Half Hunt</i> lying next it, and a +parting <i>Change</i> (which is a <i>Double</i> on the four middlemost +of the Six hind <i>Bells</i>) being made, it will go 420, and by making +<i>bobs</i>, 5040.</p> + +<p>Thus much shall suffice for <i>Peales</i> upon Seven <i>Bells</i>, +I proceed to <i>Changes</i> upon <i>Eight</i>.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">168</span> +<h5><i>Peals of Eight Bells.</i></h5> + +<p>Without amusing our selves with what Notes are most <i>Musical</i>, +to <i>lye behind</i>, we will come to the matter of Fact; for those +Methods of <i>Peals</i> that are prick’t on <i>Six</i>, may be the same +upon <i>Eight</i>, Observing only, that <i>Triples</i> and +<i>Doubles</i> upon <i>Six</i>, must be <i>Quadruples</i>, and +<i>Triples</i> upon <i>Eight</i>. <i>Doubles</i> upon <i>Six</i>, must +be <i>Triples</i> upon <i>Eight</i>, &c. Now then to our purpose of +Demonstration; We generally give preference to things, as they are +dignified with some eminent Title, and are ready to suppose they may +have something more than ordinary, that merits such Esteem, whereof the +Title is but a Sign, or Token; which Custome induced me to head my +Discourse upon <i>Changes</i> on <i>Eight Bells</i>, with that which +carries the most <i>Swelling</i> Title.</p> + + +<h4>The Imperial Bob:<br> +<span class = "subhead"><i>Quadruples</i> and +<i>Triples</i>.</span></h4> + +<p>The <i>Treble</i> hath a dodging <i>Course</i>, the two first, and +two last <i>Bells</i> always dodge, till hindred by the <i>Treble</i>, +the +<span class = "pagenum">169</span> +<span class = "folionum">I</span> +two next to these, lying still one <i>Change</i>, dodge the next, till +the <i>Treble</i> hinders them too. Those in the 5th. and 6th. places +dodge (the Treble being behind) and those in the 3d. and 4th. places +likewise dodge (the Treble being before) and so till hindered by the +Treble.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>436587<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>2346578<br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>436587<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span>36578<br> +423<span class = "hunt">1</span>5687<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span>35678<br> +423<span class = "hunt">1</span>6587<br> +2436<span class = "hunt">1</span>578<br> +42635<span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br> +2463<span class = "hunt">1</span>578<br> +42365<span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br> +246358<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +4236857<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +243658<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +4263857<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +2436587<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +426385<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +2463587<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +423685<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +24638<span class = "hunt">1</span>57<br> +4236<span class = "hunt">1</span>875<br> +24368<span class = "hunt">1</span>57<br> +4263<span class = "hunt">1</span>875<br> +246<span class = "hunt">1</span>3857<br> +42<span class = "hunt">1</span>68375<br> +246<span class = "hunt">1</span>8357<br> +42<span class = "hunt">1</span>63857<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>268357<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>4623875<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>263857<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>4628375<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>4263857<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>628375<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>4268357<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>623875<br> +46<span class = "hunt">1</span>28357<br> +642<span class = "hunt">1</span>3875<br> +46<span class = "hunt">1</span>23857<br> +642<span class = "hunt">1</span>8375<br> +4628<span class = "hunt">1</span>357<br> +<i>&c.</i><br> +</td> +<td> +16847253<br> +<span class = "underline">16482735</span><br> +18765432<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">17864523</span><br> +16573824<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">15678342</span><br> +17352648<br> +<span class = "pagenum">170</span> +<span class = "underline">17536284</span><br> +13274586<br> +<span class = "underline">13725468</span><br> +12438765<br> +<span class = "underline">12347856</span><br> +14826357<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "underline">14283675</span><br> +18645273<br> +<span class = "underline">18462537</span><br> +16587432<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">15684732</span><br> +18753624<br> +<i>bob.</i><br> +<span class = "underline">17856342</span><br> +15372846<br> +<span class = "underline">15738264</span><br> +13254768<br> +<span class = "underline">13527486</span><br> +12436587<br> +<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>By this method, the Peal will go 224 Changes, and by making of Bobs +it will go 448, 672, 1344. The Bob is a <i>Triple</i> Change at the +Leading of the Treble, wherein the Bell in the <i>Fourth</i> place lies +still.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +The next that comes to our Observation, and answers to what we first +hinted at in the beginning of this discourse of Peals upon <i>Eight</i> +Bells I mean <i>Precedency in Title</i>, is the</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">171</span> +<span class = "folionum">I2</span> + +<h4>Bob Major.<br> +<span class = "subhead"><i>Plain Quadruples</i> and +<i>Triples</i>.</span></h4> + +<p>In this all the <i>Bells</i> have a direct <i>Hunting Course</i>, +until the Treble leads, and then the six hindmost <i>Bells</i> +dodge.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class += "hunt3">3</span>6587<br> +<span class = "hunt2">2</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class += "hunt3">3</span>857<br> +4<span class = "hunt2">2</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>8<span +class = "hunt3">3</span>75<br> +46<span class = "hunt2">2</span>8<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<span +class = "hunt3">3</span>5<br> +648<span class = "hunt2">2</span>7<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span +class = "hunt3">3</span><br> +6847<span class = "hunt2">2</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span><span +class = "hunt3">3</span><br> +86745<span class = "hunt2">2</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span><span +class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +87654<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt2">2</span><span +class = "hunt">1</span><br> +7856<span class = "hunt3">3</span>4<span class = "hunt">1</span><span +class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +758<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span +class = "hunt2">2</span><br> +57<span class = "hunt3">3</span>8<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span +class = "hunt2">2</span>4<br> +5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>7<span class = "hunt">1</span>8<span +class = "hunt2">2</span>64<br> +<span class = "hunt3">3</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<span class += "hunt2">2</span>846<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>7486<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<span class = "hunt2">2</span>54768<br> +3<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt2">2</span>7486<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>By this method this will go 112. And by making <i>Bobs</i>, 224, 336, +or 672. The <i>Bob</i> is a <i>Triple Change</i>, as in the foregoing +<i>Imperial</i> is specified. By making two <i>Extreams</i> it will go +1344, and with four <i>Extreams</i>, 2688.</p> + +<p>All Peals upon six Bells, wherein half the Changes are +<i>Triples</i>, will go upon <i>Eight</i> according the method +before-going, thus; If it be a Peal +<span class = "pagenum">172</span> +upon <i>Six</i>, consisting of 360, or 720 Changes, then there must be +five <i>Hunts</i> in the Ringing of it upon <i>Eight</i>, the Treble +being the first, 2 the Second, <i>&c.</i></p> + + +<h4>Colledge Bob Major.<br> +<span class = "subhead"><i>Quadruples</i> and +<i>Triples</i>.</span></h4> + +<p>There is four wayes of Pricking these. The first hath single Dodging +behind, and is thus Peal’d.</p> + + +<h5>The First.</h5> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6587<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>578<br> +426<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>87<br> +4625<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>78<br> +6452<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br> +654<span class = "hunt3">3</span>28<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +56<span class = "hunt3">3</span>4827<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>68472<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +<span class = "hunt3">3</span>58674<span class = "hunt">1</span>2<br> +<span class = "hunt3">3</span>8576<span class = "hunt">1</span>42<br> +8<span class = "hunt3">3</span>75<span class = "hunt">1</span>624<br> +87<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>5642<br> +78<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>6524<br> +7<span class = "hunt">1</span>86<span class = "hunt3">3</span>542<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>7685<span class = "hunt3">3</span>24<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>6758<span class = "hunt3">3</span>42<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<span class = "pagenum">173</span> +<span class = "folionum">I3</span> +<h5>The Second.</h5> + +<p>This hath Single Dodging before and behind, thus prickt.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6587<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>578<br> +426<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>87<br> +2465<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>78<br> +4256<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br> +245<span class = "hunt3">3</span>68<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +42<span class = "hunt3">3</span>5867<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +24<span class = "hunt3">3</span>8576<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +428<span class = "hunt3">3</span>75<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<br> +2487<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>56<br> +4278<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>65<br> +247<span class = "hunt">1</span>8<span class = "hunt3">3</span>56<br> +42<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<span class = "hunt3">3</span>865<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>2<span class = "hunt3">3</span>7856<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>28765<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>482756<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<h5>The Third.</h5> + +<p>This hath double Dodging behind, thus Prickt.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6587<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>5678<br> +42<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>6587<br> +4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>26<span class = "hunt">1</span>578<br> +<span class = "hunt3">3</span>4625<span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br> +<span class = "hunt3">3</span>64528<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>54827<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +65<span class = "hunt3">3</span>8472<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +568<span class = "hunt3">3</span>74<span class = "hunt">1</span>2<br> +5867<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>42<br> +8576<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>24<br> +872<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>42<br> +78<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>624<br> +7<span class = "hunt">1</span>856<span class = "hunt3">3</span>42<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>758<span class = "hunt3">3</span>624<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>5786<span class = "hunt3">3</span>42<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<span class = "pagenum">174</span> +<h5>The Fourth.</h5> + +<p>This hath double Dodging before and behind both thus.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6587<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>5678<br> +42<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>6587<br> +24<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6<span class = "hunt">1</span>578<br> +426<span class = "hunt3">3</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br> +24<span class = "hunt3">3</span>658<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +426<span class = "hunt3">3</span>857<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +24<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6875<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +426<span class = "hunt3">3</span>78<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<br> +24<span class = "hunt3">3</span>67<span class = "hunt">1</span>85<br> +426<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>758<br> +246<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>785<br> +42<span class = "hunt">1</span>67<span class = "hunt3">3</span>58<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>26<span class = "hunt3">3</span>785<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>4627<span class = "hunt3">3</span>58<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>642<span class = "hunt3">3</span>785<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>These may be prick’t several other wayes, but that I Omit here for +Brevities sake; The <i>Dodging</i> is without Intermission, except an +hinderance comes by the <i>Treble</i>; as likewise between two Bells, +until <i>Treble</i> parts the Fray. The <i>Bobs</i> are <i>Triple +Changes</i>, as the <i>Treble</i> leads; in the <i>1st.</i> <i>2d.</i> +and <i>6th.</i> the Bell in the <i>4th.</i> place lies still at the +<i>Bobs</i>, and in the <i>3d.</i> <i>4th.</i> and <i>5th.</i> that in +the <i>2d.</i> place lies still.</p> + +<p>Each of these will go 112 Changes, and by making Bobs 224, 336, or +672.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">175</span> +<span class = "folionum">I4</span> +<h5>Colledge Triples Dodging both before and behind.</h5> + +<p>This Peal is the same for <i>Bobs</i>, as the <i>Bob Major</i>, and +will go as many Changes by making Bobs, or otherwise, as any of the +foregoing Four, and is thus Peal’d.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>436587<br> +24<span class = "hunt">1</span>53678<br> +425<span class = "hunt">1</span>3687<br> +2453<span class = "hunt">1</span>678<br> +42536<span class = "hunt">1</span>87<br> +245638<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<br> +4256837<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +2458673<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +425876<span class = "hunt">1</span>3<br> +24578<span class = "hunt">1</span>63<br> +4257<span class = "hunt">1</span>836<br> +245<span class = "hunt">1</span>7863<br> +42<span class = "hunt">1</span>57836<br> +4<span class = "hunt">1</span>275863<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>4725836<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>7452863<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<span class = "pagenum">176</span> +<h4>The Wild-Goose Chace<br> +<span class = "subhead"><i>Triples.</i></span></h4> + +<p>The Explanation shall follow the Peal; intending here to put an end +to my <i>Epitome</i> of the <i>Art of Ringing</i>, and therefore shall +first present you with this Prick’t thus.</p> + +<table class = "bells" summary = "change-ringing chart"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "underline">12345678</span><br> +2<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>6784<br> +25<span class = "hunt">1</span>6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>748<br> +526<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>784<br> +562<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>748<br> +65<span class = "hunt3">3</span>27<span class = "hunt">1</span>84<br> +6<span class = "hunt3">3</span>5728<span class = "hunt">1</span>4<br> +<span class = "hunt3">3</span>675824<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "hunt3">3</span>762548<span class = "hunt">1</span><br> +7<span class = "hunt3">3</span>2654<span class = "hunt">1</span>8<br> +72<span class = "hunt3">3</span>56<span class = "hunt">1</span>48<br> +275<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>684<br> +257<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>648<br> +52<span class = "hunt">1</span>7<span class = "hunt3">3</span>684<br> +5<span class = "hunt">1</span>2<span class = "hunt3">3</span>7648<br> +<span class = "hunt">1</span>5<span class = "hunt3">3</span>27684<br> +</td> +<td> +<span class = "hunt">1</span><span class = "hunt3">3</span>572648<br> +<span class = "hunt3">3</span><span class = "hunt">1</span>752684<br> +<span class = "hunt3">3</span>7<span class = "hunt">1</span>25648<br> +7<span class = "hunt3">3</span>2<span class = "hunt">1</span>5684<br> +72<span class = "hunt3">3</span>5<span class = "hunt">1</span>648<br> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>In this Change the 4th. Bell must first hunt up into the Sevenths +place, and then the 4 and 8 alwayes dodge behind throughout the Peal, +unless when obstructed by the <i>Treble</i>. The Bell that moves up into +the 6th. place, when the <i>Treble</i> moves thence down, lies still +there, till displaced by the <i>Treble</i>; during +<span class = "pagenum">177</span> +<span class = "folionum">I5</span> +which time the two hind Bells dodge, and the <i>five first</i> go a +perfect <i>Hunting-Course</i>: And when likewise the <i>Treble</i> +moveth out the 5th. place the five first Bells go a +<i>Hunting-Course</i>, till it comes down there again: By this method it +will go 80 Changes, and by <i>Bobs</i> 160, 240, or 480. The <i>Bob</i> +is made as in the foregoing Changes.</p> + +<p>And here I thought to make an end of the Art of Ringing, but +<i>Cynthius aurem vellit</i>, the young Practitioner, whose only +Information is hereby aimed at, plucks me by the Sleeve, and tells me in +the Ear, That tho Peals upon six, as <i>Triples</i> and <i>Doubles</i>, +&c. make excellent Musick upon Eight <i>Bells</i>, 4 8, +6 8, 4 1, or 1 8 lying behind: Or, <i>Triples</i> and +<i>Doubles</i> upon the six middle <i>Bells</i>, the <i>Tennor</i> lying +behind; yet for him who is not arrived to such a perfection of Skill, at +to Ring these compleat Peals, the most proper and easy for him are +<i>Set-Changes</i>, which are founded on these <i>Grounds</i>.</p> + +<p>First, <i>Placing the Bells Fifths</i>; thus: The 4 must hunt up +behind the 7, the 3, behind the 6, and the 2 behind +the 5; Or the one may hunt down under the other, as the 5 under +the 2, the 6 +<span class = "pagenum">178</span> +under 3, and 7 under 4: Or if you will, first let a +<i>Single</i>, next a <i>Double</i>, and then a <i>Triple</i> Change be +made on the Middle <i>Bells</i>, all coming to the same effect; for then +the Changes will lye <i>Fifths</i> thus, 1 5, 2 6, 3 7, +4 8. In the Peal four <i>Concords</i> are to be regarded, The first +1 5; the second 2 6. the third 3 7. and the fourth +4 8.</p> + +<p>These four <i>Concords</i> may go the Methods of any Changes upon +four <i>Bells</i>; 1, 5 being taken for the <i>Treble</i>; +2, 6 for the <i>Second</i>; 3, 7 for the <i>Third</i>; and +4, 8 <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘for / for’">for</ins> the <i>Fourth</i>; and the <i>Concords</i> may Change +places with one another, as you list. In which this Observation is +highly necessary, That the two Notes of every Concord must constantly +attend each other in their Motion; that is, whenever one of the two +Notes moves, the other must follow it.</p> + +<p>Or Secondly, <i>Place the Bells</i> Thirds; thus: The 6 4 and 2 must +hunt up, or else the 3 5 7 down; or otherwise on the middle +most <i>Bells</i> let a <i>Triple</i>, <i>Double</i> or <i>Single</i> +Change be made, they are to one effect; and then the <i>Bells</i> will +lie <i>Thirds</i> thus, 1 3. 5 7. 2 4. 6 8. Herein +are four <i>Concords</i> observable; +<span class = "pagenum">179</span> +as in the former Peal, <i>viz</i>, 1 3. 5 7. 2 4. +6 8. These <i>Concords</i> may go the Methods of any Changes upon +Four <i>Bells</i>, 1, 3 being taken for the Treble; 5, 7 for +the Second; 2, 4 for the third; and 6, 8 for the fourth; +moving in the same manner as before shewed.</p> + +<p>By these <i>Grounds</i> Variety of excellent & Musical Changes +are to be Rung; <i>Any Concord may be made a Hunt</i>, and to move up +and down at the begining.</p> + +<p>In Ringing these <i>Set-Changes</i>, the Note will lye sometimes +<i>Fifths</i>, sometimes <i>Thirds</i>, and sometimes <i>both</i>, and +then to <i>Clam</i> them, is admirable Musick: Clamming is, when each +<i>Concord</i> strike together; which being done true the 8 will strike +as but four <i>Bells</i>, & make a Melodious Harmony. You may +<i>Clam</i> two or three bouts, and then strike as many times Open, +alternatively, one <i>Clam</i> one Pull, and Open the next, +<i>&c.</i></p> + +<p>Thus much shall suffice for my treating of <ins class = "correction" +title = "text reads ‘Riging’">Ringing</ins>, and had not the Variety of +its <i>Theme</i>, in which I was insensibly engaged, invited my Tast of +something of every thing: I had not enlarged so much as I have; but +I hope the pleasure +<span class = "pagenum">180</span> +it may produce, will attone for my dilating on so delightful a Subject; +All I have therefore to add is, some <i>Advice</i> to the <i>Ringer</i>, +in the Lawfull prosecuting this <i>Recreation</i>; and that is this.</p> + +<p>When God in <i>Israels Exodus</i> out of <i>Egypt</i>, commanded +<i>Moses</i> to Consecrate <i>Aaron</i>, and his Sons, and invest them +with those <i>Pontificial</i> Vestments, according to the Pattern God +had cut out, it is observable, that the <i>Robe</i> of the <i>Ephod</i>, +was with a particular Circumstance of Beauty to be Adorned, by hanging +the <i>Hem</i> of it with <i>Golden Bells</i>, and <i>Pomegranates</i>, +each placed in an orderly Position, one by another round: This was the +first institution we can read of, for <ins class = "correction" title = +"text unchanged: missing ‘of’?">the Use <i>Bells</i></ins> in Sacred +Offices; but the reason was this: Because in <i>Aarons</i> Ministration +before God, when he entered into the Holy Place, and when he came out, +the Sound of the <i>Bells</i> might be heard in the <i>Temple</i>, for a +<i>Memorial</i> to the Children of his People. This Use of Bells +continue in the <i>Aaronical</i> Order, to this day. From hence the +<i>Christian Church</i> likewise (of which the Church under the +<i>Mosaic</i> Dispensation +<span class = "pagenum">181</span> +was but a <i>Type</i>) has made Use of <i>Bells</i>, for the notifying +the Time when the People are to Assemble, and made a Signal for +convocating them together to the <i>Temple</i>; and herein differing +from the <i>Mahometans</i>, in the <i>Steeples</i> of whose +<i>Temples</i>, are never found any <i>Bells</i>, but <i>Cryers</i>, +Persons who with a loud Voyce call them to Prayers.</p> + +<p>Now then let us make this Use of the Institution of <i>Bells</i>. +<i>First</i>, Let not only the <i>Musick</i> and <i>Delight</i> the +<i>Bells</i> give thee, invite thee to come to the <i>Temple</i>, to be +partaker of that Pleasure they may afford thy Body, but let their +<i>Musick</i> invite thee to come thither when they call thee, to +exercise thy Soul in Devotion; to God. Do not let thy frequent coming +thither on <i>Week-days</i> for thy Diversion, make thee absent thy self +on <i>Sundays</i> from thy Devotion; but let their Original Use make +thee mindful of the <i>Sanctum Sanctorum</i>, the most Holy Place. Do +not let the <i>Sunday</i> Mornings Peal engage thy presence then, and +the <i>Ale-House</i> have thy company afterwards. Be as quick in hearing +the <i>Chyming</i> for <i>Prayers</i>, as thou art in the <i>Notes</i> +for <i>Pleasure</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">182</span> +<div class = "verse"> +<p>When ere the <em>Old-Exchange</em> of Profit Rings,</p> +<p>Her Silver <em>Saints-Bell</em>, of uncertain Gains,</p> +<p>Thy Merchant-soul can stretch both <em>Legs & Wings</em>,</p> +<p>How canst thou run, and take unwearied Pains?</p> +</div> + +<p>And shouldst thou not be as nimble, when the <i>Saints-bell</i> of +the Church sounds in thy Ears, and calls thee to attend the +<i>Priest</i>, who now signifyes his entrance into the +<i>Holy-place</i>, and invites thee to joyn with him in the Sacrifice of +Prayers and Praises.</p> + +<p><i>Secondly</i>, Nor let the Bells be made thy Lullaby, to drown some +Dissatisfaction, and so makes thee repair to the <i>Belfree</i>, (like +the <i>Nurse</i> to her <i>Whistle-Bells</i>) to quiet thy disturbed +mind, and thus (as the Divine Poet excellently expresses it) to silence +it with</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>Look, Look, What’s here! A dainty Golden thing?</p> +<p>See how the dancing <em>Bells</em> turn round, and Ring</p> +<p>To please my <em>Bantling</em>! here’s a <em>Knack</em> will +breed,</p> +<p>An hundred Kisses; here’s a <em>Knack</em> indeed, +<em>&c.</em></p> +</div> + +<p>But let the <i>Altar</i> have thy presence in Communion with God, in +Prayers for his Grace, and Patience, to support any Calamity that may +fall upon thee.</p> + +<p><i>Lastly</i>, Let the Bells put you in mind +<span class = "pagenum">183</span> +to contemplate on <i>Death</i>, and every time you Ring, think how long +it may be ere one of these may be your turn to have to sound</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>The Nine sad Knolls of a Dull <em>Passing-Bell</em>,</p> +<p>With the loud Language of a Nightly Knell.</p> +</div> + +<p>This in short, is the use the <i>Ringer</i> ought to make of this his +Recreation, which if he makes duly and rightly, he may then Lawfully +enjoy all the Benefit he can desire from it. And here I shall make an +end of this Observation by way of Advice to the <i>Ringer</i>, which +perhaps coming amongst Recreations may look unseasonable; But I know (at +least presume) if I meet with an ingenious Reader, I shall need no +Apology, for playing the Divine, in the directing the good Use of our +Pleasures, and aiming at the furtherance of Virtue in all our +Actions.</p> + +<p>Thus much for <i>Ringing</i>.</p> + + + + +<span class = "pagenum">184</span> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "billiards" id = "billiards" href = "#titlepage"> +<img src = "images/hd_billiards.png" width = "275" height = "43" +alt = "Of Billiards"></a> +</p> + + +<p><i><span class = "firstletter">I</span>taly</i> is asserted by +universal Consent, to have been the Country whence this Recreation took +its Birth and Original; and indeed ’tis no wonder that she who is called +the <i>Queen</i> or <i>Empress of the World</i>, the <i>Mistress of the +Nations</i>, nay <i>the Paradise of the World</i>, should yield such Art +and Ingenuity, and gentile Cunning, as her proper Product: +A Country whose Inhabitants for their <i>Gravity</i>, +<i>Respectiveness</i>, and <i>Ingenuity</i> will ever stand Chronicled +in the Books of Fame. A People that are <i>obedient</i> to their +<i>Superiors</i>, <i>Courteous</i> to their Inferiors, full of all +<i>Civility</i> to their Equals, <i>Affable</i> to Strangers, and most +desirous by all fair and friendly Offices to win their Love. In their +<i>Apparel</i> fine and modest, in their <i>Furniture</i> of their +Houses sumptuous, and at their <i>Tables</i> neat, sober in +<i>Speech</i>, Enemies of all <i>ill Reports</i> of others, and so +tender of their own <i>Reputation</i>, that whosoever Slanders any one, +and it reach the Parties Ear, the Slanderer +<span class = "pagenum">185</span> +certainly dies for it: <i>Thrifty</i> they are generally of their Money +and Expence, and love no more Cost, than what they are sure to Save by, +or have great Thanks for; but otherwise for civil Behaviour and +Deportment, surpassing all the Gentry of the World besides. But one +thing I dare not omit in this Character of them, <i>viz.</i> That they +are extream <i>Jealous of their Wives</i>; and indeed not without some +reason, if what is spoken proverbially of their Women, be true, That +they are as <i>Magpies</i> at the door, <i>Saints</i> in the Church, +<i>Goats</i> in the Garden, <i>Devils</i> in the House, <i>Angels</i> in +the Streets, and <i>Syrens</i> at the Windows; if Nature does not make +them appear Beautiful, Art shall, as Paintings and other sophistical +Helps; whence comes this Proverb among them, If <i>God make them tall +and Fat</i> (a <i>goodly</i> Woman being a Title of great Value +among them) <i>they will make themselves fair</i>. In fine, The Gentry +are very Rich, live of all Men the most careless and contented Lives, +keeping the Poor as Drudges and Slaves for them; and as it is said of +the Tyrant <i>Polycrates</i>, <i>Have nothing to trouble them, but that +they are troubled with nothing</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">186</span> +<p>Thus I have given you a brief Character of the Inventors of this +Recreation we are coming to treat of, and hence we may presume, how +<i>fit</i> such a People as this is, to give Birth to such a Recreation, +so Gentile, so Cleanly, and so Ingenious, that as their Persons and +Manners are emulously esteemed, so are their Pastimes ambitiously +pursued, by most Nations in <i>Europe</i>; and this Sport is hugely +valued by all in general, few Noblemen’s or private Gentlemen’s +Families, nor few noted Towns in <i>England</i>, but have <i>Billiard +Tables</i>, and admire the Excellency of it, both for the Exercise of +the Body, and the Recreation of the Mind. But to the Matter in hand.</p> + +<p><i>First</i> then, He that would rightly understand this excellent +Pastime, must be very careful of the <i>Form</i> and <i>Make of the +Table</i>, and the right ordering, framing, and fitting it for the Game, +which is known by these ensuing Marks.</p> + +<p>1. The <i>Form</i> of a <i>Billiard Table</i> ought to be +<i>Oblong</i>, that is to say, somewhat longer than it is broad; Both +the length and breadth being left to your Discretion to make; +proportionable to the Room you design it for; It ought to be +<i>railed</i> round, and this +<span class = "pagenum">187</span> +Rail or Ledge a little swelled or stufft with fine Flox or Cotton, that +may yield to the Ball when struck against it, and expedites rather than +deads the Flight of the Ball; though that happens according to the +Violence of the Stroke or Push: The <i>Superficies</i> of the Table +ought to be covered with Green fine Cloath, clean and free from Knots: +The Board must be levelled as exactly as is possible for the Eye and +Hand of the most curious Joyner to Level, to the end your Ball may run +true upon any part of the Table, without leaning or declining to any +side of it: I must confess I do believe there are few have been so +careful in this last thing, as they ought, because they have not timely +foreseen, if the Boards, whereof the Table is made, be +<i>well-seasoned</i>, and not subject to <i>Warp</i>, and that the +<i>Floor</i> whereon it stands be even and level; so that through the +Ill-seasonedness of the one, or Unevennes of the other, as likewise in +time by the weight of the Table, and the Gamesters yielding and giving +way, there are very few found true. And indeed without a Table be +exactly true, a good Gamester can never shew the Excellency of his +<span class = "pagenum">188</span> +Skill and Art, but a very Bungler sometimes, by being well acquainted +with the Turnings and Windings of a false Table, may beat a good +Gamester with great vexation and shame, who otherwise would have given +him any odds whatsoever. Therefore let me tell you, it will conduce as +much to the Interest of the Master of the House, where a <i>Billiard +Table</i> is kept, to see that it be well and truly levelled and kept, +as it does to the Pleasure and satisfaction of a good Gamester, whose +Skill is best seen and exhibited on such Tables, and never comes +unattended with Company and Profit to the House, by his Recommendation +he gives abroad of it. And now let us proceed to the rest of its parts, +and fit it for our Play; and then let’s to’t as you list.</p> + +<p>2. The four Corners of the Table must be furnished with <i>four +Holes</i>, and exactly in the middle of each side <i>one Hole</i>, and +these Holes must be hung at the bottoms with <i>Nets</i>, Which Holes +are named <i>Hazards</i>, because if either by Skill or Chance one +Gamester strikes anothers Ball into these Holes, or Hazards, as we will +now call them, he wins One; the <i>Nets</i> are made to receive +<span class = "pagenum">189</span> +the Ball, and keep them from falling to the Ground when hazarded; and +indeed is a very commendable way, far better than <i>Wooden</i> Boxes +which some use, these being apt to let a Ball to fly out again, when +they are struck in by a stiff stroke, whereas the Nets keep them safe, +and makes it impossible for them to rebound.</p> + +<p><i>3dly.</i> The other <i>Utensils</i> and <i>Instruments</i> +belonging to this first part of our Observations of the <i>Billiard +Table</i>, are 1. An <i>Ivory Port</i>, this must be placed at one +end of the Table. 2. An <i>Ivory King</i>, which must stand at the +other end. 3. Two <i>Ivory Balls</i>, which must be compleatly +round, or no good proof of your Play can be expected. 4. and +Lastly, <i>Two Sticks</i> made of <i>Brasile</i>, <i>Lignum-Vitæ</i>, or +some other weighty Wood, to make them heavy, and at the broad end tipt +with Ivory: And be sure to observe narrowly, if the <i>Heads</i> be +tight and fast, for if they should be loose you will never strike a +smart stroke; and therefore if you fear this Defect, see if your stroke +be hollow and dead, and your Ball run faintly, these are infallible +Tokens that your Play will come to nothing without a fresh supply +<span class = "pagenum">190</span> +of other Sticks, or the heads of these fixt.</p> + +<p>Thus much for the Table, and all the other Implements belonging to +it, which are necessary for our first Enquiry for the right +understanding of this Game, I come next to those <i>Rules</i> and +<i>Measures</i> which are to be observed for the rendring one a Gamester +at this gentile Game.</p> + +<p><i>Secondly</i>, This Game in its <i>Number</i> is, according to the +<i>Place</i> and <i>Time</i>, when and where it is play’d; for in +Gentlemens Houses they do not oblige themselves to a certain Number, but +make as many as they please to admit up without any Restriction: But in +Houses where part of their Subsistence has a Dependance upon a +<i>Billiard Table</i>, the Game is <i>Five</i> by Day-light or +<i>Seven</i>, if odds be given, and <i>Three</i> by Candle-light, or +more, as the Rule of the House is. Now then having agreed upon what +number we play, let us learn next how to manage our Game skillfully and +with Art, and this we may understand by these following Rules.</p> + +<p>1. Let us know who must lead, which thus is resolved: You must stand +on the one side of the Table opposite to +<span class = "pagenum">191</span> +the (so called) King, with your Ball laid near the Cushion, and your +Adversary on the other placed in the like posture; and thus He of the +two, that comes nearest the King, leads first.</p> + +<p><i>2ly.</i> Having gotten the Lead, have a Care how you strike your +Ball, that at the first stroke you touch not with your Ball the end of +the Table, leading from the King to the Port, for if you touch it you +lose One, as you shall observe hereafter in the Orders. But after the +first Stroke you need not fear doing it: And you Leader be sure to lead +so, that you may be in a possibility of passing the Port the next +Stroke; or else to lye so cunningly, that you may probably hazard your +Adversaries Ball the very Stroke you play after him.</p> + +<p><i>3ly.</i> Generally the first Contest is who shall <i>pass first +the Port</i>, and herein much Pains is taken, and all the Art and +Cunning possible used to do it, and sometimes, nay frequently, an +Opportunity of a <i>Hazard</i> ends the Controversy: Sundry and various, +as well as very pleasant, are the Policies and Tricks which are here +used to obstruct each others Pass, as; <i>By turning the Port by +<span class = "pagenum">192</span> +a strong clever stroke</i> (the Sticks turning it, it is nothing, but to +set aright again is the amends, though some would have the severity of +the Orders inflicted on such an Offence by the Loss of One:) Next by +<i>laying your Ball</i> (when you see it impossible to pass) <i>in the +Port</i>, or <i>before your Adversaries Ball</i>, for then let him do +his utmost, he must Pass after you; if he has Past first, and you dare +not venture to follow him, as fearing he should in the mean time touch +the King, and so carry away the End; then you must wait upon him, and +watch every Opportunity how you may hazard, or king him: Kinging of him +is, when his Ball lyes in so advantageous a manner, as that if you +strike his Ball, he must inevitably strike down the King, then you win, +and prevent the Loss of that End: But with this Caution however, That +you be careful how you strike, for if you do king him, and your Ball +happens to fly over the Table, or into a Hazard, you shall lose One +notwithstanding you have King’d him; and therefore a skillful Precaution +must ever be had in this, and he that would prevent any such Chance, +must</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">193</span> +<span class = "folionum">K</span> +<p><i>4ly.</i> Have a <i>curious Eye</i>, and a <i>good Judgment</i>, to +take and quarter just so much of the Ball, that when he intends either +to King or Hazard his Adversaries Ball, he may with Facility & +Dexterity effect either. Which Observation must be noted, in passing on +your Antagonists Ball, or corner of the Port: And indeed some are +curious Effectors of this part of the Recreation, who with less than a +fifth part of a Ball, will rarely miss a King or Hazard; which I must +confess is an excellent part of a compleat Gamester in this Sport.</p> + +<p><i>5ly.</i> Be careful that you <i>lay not your hand on the Table</i> +when you strike, nor let your Sleeve drag upon it, if you do it is a +Loss; Or if you <i>smoke a Pipe of Spanish or Virginia</i>, being so +wedded to that Fume, that were you sure to smother all the rest of the +Company you are insensible of the Indecency, be careful that the Ashes +fall not on the Table, lest the Cloth be burnt, which many times falls +out: In these two Cases, let the Mulcts and Forfeitures of both, but +especially the Hinderance the last gives a Man in the Skillful managing +his Game, deter you from the lolling slovenly Posture of the first, and +<span class = "pagenum">194</span> +the stinking Indecency of the latter; because this Pastime being of a +neat and cleanly Composition, will not admit any such Irregularities and +Indecorums, without an absolute Violation of its Laws, and a Punishment +attending such unhandsome Offences.</p> + +<p><i>6thly.</i> As this cleanly Pastime exacts our diligent Care of +keeping a <i>Decorum</i>, in the prosecuting the same, so does it +require that we handle our Instruments with a neat and tractable hand, +dislikes a Clumsey-Fist, which palms the Stick, as if he were handling a +<i>Plough-share</i>: And therefore when you strike a long stroak, hold +your stick neatly between your two fore-Fingers and your Thumb, and then +strike a smart stroak; and by taking a steady and right Aim, (in this +having your Eye and Judgment about you) you may when you list, either +fetch back your Adversaries Ball, when he lyes fair for a Pass; or many +times, when he lyes behind the <i>King</i>, and you at the other end of +the Table, you may by a dextrous management of your stroke, <i>King</i> +him backward: Both which ways, I must confess, require a great deal +of Care, and good Play, which +<span class = "pagenum">195</span> +<span class = "folionum">K2</span> +he that would be, or already is, a Gamester, is never wanting in. +But</p> + +<p><i>7thly</i>, If you lye close, then the small end of your Stick, or +the flat of the big end, raising up one end over your shoulder, is +practicable and useful, and either of them to be used, as Occasion shall +require, and as you judge most convenient and proper for the working the +Effect you Aim at.</p> + +<p><i>8thly</i>, There is one Fault, which tho its Demerits perhaps may +not reach a Forfeiture, yet I must tell you will scarce admit of an +Excuse, though this I presume is regulated according to the Agreement +first stipulated between the Gamesters, and this Fault is called +<i>Raking</i>, <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘i,e,’"><i>i.e.</i></ins> not striking your Ball cleanly, but gliding +along, as it were; But in this, if you touch your Ball twice, it is a +loss; as indeed repugnant to all <i>Rule</i> and <i>Method</i>.</p> + +<p><i>9thly</i>, There is another Caution you are to take at the Port, +<i>viz.</i> When you jobb your Ball with the great end of your stick +through the Port, beware that you throw it not down, the doing of it is +a loss; and therefore be careful to do it so handsomly, that at one +stroke without turning the +<span class = "pagenum">196</span> +Port with your stick (which as I have mentioned before is a fault) you +accomplish your Intention: But on the contrary observe</p> + +<p><i>10thly</i>, It is good play to turn the Port with your +<i>Ball</i>, (not with your stick) and so hinder your Adversary from +passing: Nor is it amiss, to make your Adversary a <i>Fornicator</i> if +it lyes in your Power: I mean to make him a <i>Fornicator</i> is, +having past your self a little way, and your Adversaries ball being +hardly through the port, you put him back again, and it may be quite out +of pass, and so you may the sooner peradventure gain the end, having the +Advantage of passing, by gently thrusting the other back again.</p> + +<p><i>11thly</i>, Let Policy likewise be a guide to you, for obtaining +the Conquest, and lying a-loof off, and laying a long Hazard sometimes +for your Antagonist, will be an excellent way to entice and entrap him; +for that he promising to himself the good fortune of Hazarding you, will +be induced rashly to adventure at that distance, and supposing to strike +your Ball, which cunningly lyes (to tempt him to that Venture) near the +Hazard, is himself caught +<span class = "pagenum">197</span> +<span class = "folionum">K3</span> +in that Trap he thought to throw you into, by reason that the distance, +deceives his Expectation, and blows up his thoughts with fruitless +Suppositions.</p> + +<p><i>12thly</i>, Let Art likewise teach you Cunning, <i>i. e.</i> +by lying abscond, or at Bo-peep with your Adversary; this is a subtlety +which perhaps may gain the Advantage of a Pass or Hazard. For I must +tell you, in this Game, is required much Cunning, and subtle +Contrivance, as in any Recreation whatever, and therefore when you are +to Play with an Expert Player, you must muster up all the forces of your +Ingenuity and Wit, for the vanquishing of your Opponent.</p> + +<p><i>Lastly</i>, Observe the Advantages may be gained, and endeavour to +get them, if they fall within the sphere of your Activity. One of which +I shall here insert, which is indeed the chief, <i>viz.</i> That if your +Adversary hath not past the Port, and lies up by the King, take the +Advantage of a Second Pass, endeavour to pass again, which if you +dextrously perform, and after touch the King, you gain two; but if your +too great Precipitancy and Inadvertency, +<span class = "pagenum">198</span> +or sometimes an unlucky Chance hurryes you on to throw down the King, +then you loose.</p> + +<p>Some instead of a King use a string and Bell, so that after you have +passed, you need not doubt the end, as being a thing not so ticklish, or +requiring so much Art as the King does, to be toucht finely and gently +at a distance, without throwing it down: This alone is to be preferred +for ingenious Persons, the other for the use only of Bunglers.</p> + +<p class = "space"> +Thus much shall suffice for Rules for the right Playing at +<i>Billiards</i>, which being a Recreation not Admitting of any further +Observations and Methods to be made and shewn on it; Let Practice, and +the Dictates of the ensuing Orders compleat your Perfection in this +gentile Game.</p> + + +<span class = "pagenum">199</span> +<span class = "folionum">K4</span> +<h4 class = "long ital">ORDERS for Players at the Gentile Game of +<em>Billiards</em> to Observe.</h4> + +<h5>I.</h5> + +<p>If the Leader touch the end of the Table with his Ball, at the first +stroke, he loseth One.</p> + +<h5>II.</h5> + +<p>If the Follower intend to hit his Adversaries Ball, or pass at one +Stroke, he must string his Ball, that is, Lay it even with the King, or +he loseth One.</p> + +<h5>III.</h5> + +<p>He that Passeth through the Port hath the Advantage of touching the +King, which is One, if not thrown down.</p> + +<h5>IV.</h5> + +<p>He that passeth twice, his Adversary not having passed at all, and +toucheth the King, without throwing him down, wins two Ends.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">200</span> +<h5>V.</h5> + +<p>He that passeth not hath no other Advantage than the Hazards.</p> + +<h5>VI.</h5> + +<p>He that is a Fornicator (that is hath past through the Back of the +Port) he must pass twice thro the fore-part, or he cannot have the +Advantage of passing that end.</p> + +<h5>VII.</h5> + +<p>He that hits down the Port, or King, Hazards his own Ball, or strikes +either Ball over the Table, loseth One.</p> + +<h5>VIII.</h5> + +<p>He that Hazards his Adversaries Ball, or makes it hit down the King, +winneth the end.</p> + +<h5>IX.</h5> + +<p>If four Play, two against two, he that mistakes his stroke loseth one +to that side he is of.</p> + +<h5>X.</h5> + +<p>He that after both Balls plaid, removes the Port without consent, or +strikes his Ball twice together, or +<span class = "pagenum">201</span> +that his Adversaries Ball touch his stick, hand, or Clothes, or playeth +his Adversaries Balls, loseth One.</p> + +<h5>XI.</h5> + +<p>He that sets not one foot upon the Ground, when he strikes his Ball +shall lose an end, or if he layes his hand or Sleeve on the Cloth.</p> + +<h5>XII.</h5> + +<p>A stander-by, tho he betts shall not instruct, or speak in the Game +without Consent, or being first asked; If after he is Advertised hereof +he Offend in this nature, for every fault he shall instantly forfeit +Two-pence for the good of the Company, or not be suffered to stay in the +Room.</p> + +<h5>XIII.</h5> + +<p>He that Playes a Ball, while the other runs, or takes up a Ball +before it lies still, loseth an End.</p> + +<h5>XIV.</h5> + +<p>He that removes the Port with his stick, when he strikes his Ball, +and thereby prevents his Adversaries Ball from passing, loseth an +end.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum">202</span> +<h5>XV.</h5> + +<p>All Controversies are to be decided by the standers-by, upon asking +Judgment.</p> + +<h5>XVI.</h5> + +<p>Whosoever breaks the King forfeits a Shilling, for the Port ten +Shillings, and each stick Five Shillings.</p> + +<h5>XVII.</h5> + +<p>Five ends make a Game by Day-light, and Three by Candle-light.</p> + +<p>Many other Orders there are which concern the House, and thither I +refer you for further Infomation; and here take leave to conclude this +my <i>School of Recreation</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Utrum horum Mavis accipe, </i>&c.</p> + +<hr> + +<h4 class = "extended"><i>FINIS.</i></h4> + +</div> <!-- end div maintext --> + +<div class = "advert"> + +<span class = "pagenum">203</span> +<h5 class = "long"> +Some Books Printed for <i>Henry Rhodes</i>, near <i>Bride-Lane</i> in +<i>Fleet-Street</i>.</h5> + + +<p>The Strange Religions, Customes and Manners of sundry Nations, in +<i>Twelves</i>, price bound <i>One Shilling</i>.</p> + +<p>The History of the Life and Glorious Reign of Queen <i>Elizabeth</i>, +the 2d. Edition with Additions, by <i>S. Clark</i> in +<i>Twelves</i> bound <i>One Shilling</i>.</p> + +<p>The History of King <i>Henry</i> the eighth and <i>Edward</i> the +sixth, <i>Twelves</i>, Price bound <i>One Shilling</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Coffee-House-Jests</i>, the third Edition, with Additions, in +<i>Twelves</i>, Price bound <i>One Shilling</i>.</p> + +<p>The present State of <i>Turky</i>, <i>Twelves</i>, Price bound <i>One +Shilling</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>London Jilt</i>: Or, The <i>Politick Whore</i>, in two +parts.</p> + +<p><i>Witts Cabinet</i>, <ins class = "correction" title = "Roman type in original">Twelves</ins>, Price bound <i>One Shilling</i>.</p> + +<p>Sundery Conversations, <i>Twelves</i>.</p> + +<p>The great Point of Succession, in <i>Folio</i><ins class = +"correction" title = ", for .">. </ins></p> + +</div> + +<div class = "endnote"> + +<h4><a name = "recon" id = "recon"> +Text reconstructed from 1696 edition:</a></h4> + +<p class = "hanging"> +Page 4:<br> +<img src = "images/page4recon.png" width = "281" height = "252" +alt = "page image"> +</p> + +<p class = "hanging"> +Page 12:<br> +<img src = "images/page12recon.png" width = "288" height = "101" +alt = "page image"> +</p> + +<p class = "hanging"> +Page 13 (including text rubbed off from facing page 12):<br> +<img src = "images/page13recon.png" width = "288" height = "86" +alt = "page image"> +</p> + +<p class = "hanging"> +Page 150:<br> +<img src = "images/page150recon.png" width = "284" height = "103" +alt = "page image"> +</p> + +<p class = "hanging"> +Page 154:<br> +<img src = "images/page154recon.png" width = "280" height = "67" +alt = "page image"> +</p> + +<p class = "hanging"> +Page 156:<br> +<img src = "images/page156recon.png" width = "282" height = "37" +alt = "page image"> +</p> + +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The School of Recreation (1684 edition), by +Robert Howlett + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE SCHOOL OF RECREATION *** + +***** This file should be named 23776-h.htm or 23776-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/7/7/23776/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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