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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Charley's Museum, by Unknown
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Charley's Museum
+       A Story for Young People
+
+Author: Unknown
+
+Release Date: December 5, 2007 [EBook #23742]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CHARLEY'S MUSEUM ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Jacqueline Jeremy, Janet Blenkinship and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+(This file was produced from images generously made
+available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: CHARLEY'S HUMMING BIRDS.]
+
+
+CHARLEY'S MUSEUM.
+
+A Story
+
+FOR YOUNG PEOPLE
+
+[Illustration]
+
+PHILADELPHIA:
+
+THEODORE BLISS & CO.
+
+Entered according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1855
+
+BY H. C. PECK & THEO. BLISS,
+
+in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Eastern District of
+Pennsylvania.
+
+
+
+
+Charley's Museum.
+
+
+Charley Carter was a bright, active lad, of twelve years old, the son of
+a farmer, who lived a few miles distant from Philadelphia. He was a very
+great favorite of his uncle Brown, his mother's brother, who was a
+wealthy merchant in the city. He was also a favorite of another brother
+of his mother, who had been, for many years a sea captain, sailing to
+all parts of the world. So, you see, our Charley, with a kind father and
+mother, and two such uncles, was very well provided for.
+
+Charley was a lively, inquiring boy, who liked to find out all he could
+about the animals he saw, whether they flew through the air, or swam
+through the water, or walked on the ground, or crawled in the dirt.
+
+[Illustration: MR. BROWN AND CHARLEY.]
+
+Luckily for our Charley, his uncle Brown had had, from boyhood, the same
+taste for Natural History, which our little friend was beginning to
+have, and you can imagine how pleased his uncle was to see this taste in
+his little nephew. Our sea captain was pleased also, and so was his
+father, and all three of them together, determined that our little boy
+should have the opportunity and the means to cultivate his taste.
+
+So, as Mr. Carter had a big attic to his house, with two good sized
+windows fronting the south, he got a carpenter and had a nice room made
+for Charley, that should be his own Museum. Don't you think our Charley
+was pleased, that his father was so kind to him? When the room was all
+finished, uncle Brown, who had, for a long time, a bit of a Museum in
+his own house, in the city, brought out, one day, a lot of shells to
+begin our Charley's Museum, with. And now I must try to tell something
+about these shells, and the creatures who used to have their homes in
+them. (But first I must tell you one thing, if you hav'nt guessed it
+already, that as soon as Charley began to lisp his words, his kind
+mother took him in her lap and taught him to repeat the Lord's Prayer,
+and, I can tell you, Charley, as he grew older, never went to sleep at
+night, until he had addressed this prayer to the great, good Being, who
+made and takes care of all of us. Remember this, boys, for it is of
+more consequence than shells, or animals, or anything else.)
+
+[Illustration: MONEY-COWRY.]
+
+The first shell that Uncle Brown gave to Charley, was what is called a
+"money-cowry." It is an elegant shaped and beautifully marked shell and
+takes its name from the fact, that one species of them is used as money,
+both in Bengal and Guinea, two places at a vast distance from each
+other. The value of these shells is small, in comparison with that of
+gold and silver, three thousand two hundred cowries amounting to a
+rupee, which equals fifty cents of our coin.
+
+Next came a shell that Charley thought had a very funny name, "the Royal
+Staircase Wentle-trap." However, it was a very handsome shell, that
+uncle sea captain brought to uncle Brown from the far off Chinese and
+Indian seas, where the animals live. In old times this shell was prized
+so highly, that one, two inches long, sold for five hundred dollars.
+And, even now, a fine specimen brings from thirty to thirty-five
+dollars. This shell Mr. Brown said, belongs to the class Turbo or
+Turbinidae. The fisherman call all of this class, whelks.
+
+[Illustration: ROYAL STAIRCASE WENTLETRAP.]
+
+[Illustration: COMMON WHELK.]
+
+After this, came another rather queer-named shell, the animal that lived
+in it, being called the "Common Whelk," and belonging to a class of
+creatures entitled Buccinidae, from the Latin name for _trumpet_,
+because they were thought to look like a trumpet. These animals are very
+plentiful all along the British coasts, and are sold like oysters, in
+the London markets, besides being exported abroad for food. They have a
+sort of proboscis, all full of sharp teeth, with which they bore through
+the shells of other mussels and eat up the creatures inside.
+
+"Persons who collect shells and form cabinets of them for their
+amusement," said Mr. Brown, "are not naturalists. They care nothing
+about the animal which lived in the shell, when it was in the sea. All
+they wish for, is to have a pretty and complete collection, containing
+as many different kinds and as rare shells as possible."
+
+"I should like to have a pretty collection," said Charley.
+
+[Illustration: MIDAS'S EAR.]
+
+"So you will," said Mr. Brown, "but I hope you will learn as much as you
+can of the natural history of the animals, to whom the shells wore once
+attached."
+
+"I will try," said Charley.
+
+"Now here is one," said Mr. Brown taking the shell from his pocket,
+"called the Bulla Ampulla." Observe it.
+
+It is shaped much like an egg, though somewhat round, and is beautifully
+spotted with white, plum-color and reddish. It is said to exist in both
+the Indian and American Oceans. What you see here is only the empty
+shell or covering of the animal.
+
+[Illustration: BULLA VELUM. (TWO VIEWS.)]
+
+It once contained a living animal, and the shell was formed by the
+hardening of the soft material of its body. It grew just as your hard
+finger nails grow. Here is another Bulla. This is the Bulla Velum. You
+see its general shape is much like the other; but the markings are
+different.
+
+"How beautiful it is!" said Charley. "Dear uncle, I can never repay you
+for your kindness in giving me such elegant things as these. And some of
+them are very costly too."
+
+"They cost me nothing," said Mr. Brown. "They were brought and presented
+to me by sea captains, and supercargoes in my service. Even that
+Wentle-trap was a sea captain's gift; and when I told its real value, he
+insisted the more on my keeping it But most of the shells are
+cheap.--But that is of no consequence.
+
+"I will tell you, Charley," continued Mr. Brown, "how you can repay and
+gratify me. It is by industry and good conduct.
+
+"I wish you to grow up to a first-rate man, you must begin by being a
+first rate boy. When I am out here, and happen to remember any thing
+that has, in any way, done me good in my life time, I will tell it to
+you, if you will promise to try to keep it in mind and to act upon it.
+Will you promise?"
+
+"Oh yes, uncle, I will promise to try to remember and do what you tell
+me."
+
+"Well, then, I'll tell you one thing now, that happened when I was a
+school-boy, two or three years younger than you are even now. Our Master
+was a very good teacher and a very good man, and he liked to have his
+scholars go on learning and improving out of school, as well as in, and
+to behave well also. So he told all the boys and girls, except the
+little ones, to do, every week, two things, and let him see, each
+Monday, which had done them best.
+
+"One of these was to keep a diary. Do you know, Charley, what a Diary
+is?"
+
+"I believe, uncle, I have seen the word somewhere, but I do not know
+what it means."
+
+"Well, the Master meant this, that each scholar should have a blank
+book, and every evening should write down what they had seen and heard,
+and done and thought and felt during the day, at least as much as they
+could remember, that was of any consequence. He said, that by doing this
+carefully, they would improve the memory, and also learn to express
+their thoughts well, either by writing or in speaking.
+
+"So we did what he told us as well as we could, and used to carry what
+we had put down, through the week, for the master to examine, on Monday
+morning. Some of the scholars didn't write much or write it very well,
+but, I am pretty sure even that little was a benefit to them. I know,
+that it did me a great deal of good, which I found the advantage of, all
+my life. The President, John Quincy Adams, kept one of these Diaries,
+from the time he was a boy, till he died, over eighty years old, and
+you have read what a wise and good man he was. Now I want you, Charley,
+to begin now and keep a Diary. Will you?"
+
+"As I told you before, uncle, I'll try."
+
+"Well, my dear boy, if you will try in real earnest, you will do well
+enough, I am very sure. And, to help you start, I will bring you out the
+very first pages I wrote, when I was only ten years old."
+
+"Do, uncle, I shall be very glad to read what you wrote, when you were a
+little boy."
+
+"Well, Charley, I told you there was one more thing the master told us
+to do, out of school. This was, when we went to church, on Sunday, to
+listen very carefully to the minister's sermons, and when we got home,
+to put down the text and all the rest we could remember, and bring to
+him, on Monday morning, to be examined. He said this would improve us in
+the same ways, as keeping diaries would. We obeyed him, and some of the
+scholars became so skilful, that they could remember and write down more
+than half of both sermons. I think I have some of my notes, still left,
+and if so I'll let you see them. Perhaps they will help you to make a
+beginning in this too. Now, Charley, I want you to try this, as well, as
+the other. Will you, for the sake of pleasing uncle Brown?"
+
+"As sure, as I live, uncle, I will, and I'll begin the very next Sunday,
+and see what I can do; and if I don't make out very well at first, I'll
+keep trying till I can do better."
+
+"Thank you, my boy. And now I won't tell you but one more of these
+things, at present, but leave them till other occasions. You don't know
+one of the strongest reasons, why I wish you to have a Museum, and to
+get a knowledge of natural history."
+
+"What is the reason, uncle? Won't you tell me?"
+
+"It is, Charley, to prevent you, at least while you are so young, from
+forming the habit of reading the kinds of novels and stories, which are
+so plentiful now-a-days. I mean those, which are filled with all sorts
+of wild, horrible things. Reading such books would be very likely to
+make your mind sick, as taking poison would your body, and then you
+would'nt like to study or to read at all, books that would make you
+wise and good. Why, sometimes such stories drive people actually crazy."
+
+"I'll tell you something, that happened to me once, when I was quite a
+small boy, that made me almost crazy, for a while, and it is a wonder,
+that it didn't make me quite so.
+
+"I heard a story told, one day, which of course was the same thing as
+reading it. This story was, that a traveller, being once on a journey
+through a wild country, full of woods and rocks, came by a large cave,
+in the side of a hill and partly under ground, and for some reason went
+into it. He found there a horrible looking creature, a woman, as tall as
+a giant, down to the waist, and the lower part of her a long,
+monstrously large snake.
+
+"I felt quite frightened, when I heard the story, and all the rest of
+the day, I couldn't help thinking uneasily of that gigantic woman snake.
+I was more frightened than ever, when the time came for me to go to bed
+at night. I slept then in the attic and used to go to bed without a
+light, for I had never been afraid of the dark. I went pretty slowly, I
+tell you, till I got to the attic door, and there I stopped awhile,
+afraid to open it for fear of seeing something horrid. But my father
+called to me to go to bed instantly. I opened the door, and there I saw
+the woman snake, part reaching into the dark above. I saw her as
+plainly, as I see you now, and was terrified almost out of my senses.
+
+"But my father called to me again, and I shut my eyes and rushed up
+stairs. Of course I didn't hit any thing for there was no such creature
+there. It was my fright at hearing the story, that made me see what
+didn't exist.
+
+"Now, Charley, do you think you had better read books, that can have
+such an effect as that?"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+CURIOUS BIRDS
+
+
+Uncle Brown had in his Museum, a great many Birds, as well as shells. I
+don't mean living birds, but stuffed birds. In the old countries there
+is a class of men, who, having been taught how to do it well, make it
+their regular trade to procure birds, and after having taken off their
+skins, with all the feathers on, to stuff them with some soft substance.
+They are exactly as if alive, and of the same size.
+
+There are some of these Taxidermists (as they are called) in this
+country, though not, I believe, very many. Uncle Brown got most of his
+birds from Europe, by means of uncle sea-captain, when he came home from
+his voyages.
+
+Uncle Brown going out one day, to Charley's father's, carried several of
+these birds with him, which were so pretty, that Charley was greatly
+delighted.
+
+[Illustration: EMERALD BIRD OF PARADISE.]
+
+The first he showed him was called "the Emerald Bird of Paradise," and
+was about as large as a jay. Its home is New Guinea and some other
+parts of the hot regions of Asia. Its body, breast, and lower parts are
+of a deep, rich brown; the front is covered thickly with black feathers,
+mixed with green; the throat is of a splendid golden-green; the head is
+yellow; and the tail is made up of long, downy plumes of a soft yellow,
+together with a pair filaments almost two feet long.
+
+"The bird is so vain of its beautiful plumage, that it will not let a
+speck of dirt stay on it; but is continually examining its feathers to
+see that they are perfectly clean. When wild, it always flies and sits
+facing the wind, lest its elegant plumes should get ruffled.
+
+"It lives partly on insects, such as grasshoppers, which it will not
+touch, unless it has killed them itself, but chiefly on the seeds of the
+teak tree and a kind of fig.
+
+"There were once a great many strange stories about this bird. As the
+natives of Guinea used to cut off their legs, and dry them, and sell
+them, of course they reached Europe without feet. So the people there
+got up a report that the bird lived always in the air, floated by, its
+light feathers; that it used its shoulders for its nest; that it rested
+only by hanging from a branch by its tail-filaments; that its food was
+morning dew; with other reports as droll as these. There are several
+kinds of Birds of Paradise, but the one in the cut is the most common,
+and is that of which these fables are told."
+
+[Illustration: TOCO TOUCAN.]
+
+The next bird Uncle Brown showed Charley, was a very curious looking
+one, named the Toco Toucan, a native of the American tropics. It has, as
+you see, a monstrous sized bill, though it is not nearly so heavy, as it
+looks, being mostly of a honey comb make. This bill seems to have in
+it a great many nerves and so to be very sensitive, as the bird
+scratches it with its foot, and also appears to enjoy holding meat and
+fruits, with its tip, both of which prove the bill to have feeling in
+it. It feeds on all sorts of eatable things, but is especially fond of
+mice and little birds, which it kills by a strong squeeze, and then
+tears to pieces and devours.
+
+The topmost branch of a tall tree, called the Mora, when dead, is the
+favorite resort of the Toucan, where it cannot be reached by the
+gunner. It seems to fancy itself more beautiful, when its tail is
+trimmed, and it therefore uses its beak to do this, as the barber
+employs his scissors to trim our hair. When asleep, the Toucan takes
+great care of its bill, covering it nicely with the back plumage, so
+that the whole bird looks like a great round ball of feathers. Its body
+is about eighteen inches long.
+
+Next uncle Brown showed Charley a bird, called the Parrakeet. It was a
+very pretty one, with a green body, a red bill, and a rose-colored band
+round its neck, from which it is sometimes named the Rose-ringed
+Parrakeet.
+
+[Illustration: RINGED PARRAKEET.]
+
+This bird is often tamed, and, from its gentle disposition and pleasant
+ways, is a great favorite. It seems very fond of ripe walnuts halved,
+and while picking out the meat, makes a little clucking noise, showing
+that it is pleased.
+
+It is soon taught to repeat words and short sentences and to speak quite
+plainly. Sometimes, when angry, it screams loudly, and seems to practise
+any new accomplishment when it thinks that nobody can hear it.
+
+Another Bird, added to our Boy's Museum, was called the Brush Turkey,
+because it is found mostly in the thick brush-wood of New South Wales.
+The gentleman, who first made it known to the public, tells also of a
+very curious way, in which the bird makes its nest. It never uses its
+bill, as other birds do, but tears up grass and dirt and sticks with its
+foot and flings it backward into a heap, and thus clears the ground, for
+some distance round, so thoroughly, that hardly a grass blade or leaf is
+left.
+
+[Illustration: A BULLA AMPULLA. (TWO VIEWS)]
+
+Having finished the pile and waited till it has become heated enough
+it lays its eggs, not side by side, as in common cases, but places them,
+with the large end upwards, from nine to twelve inches apart, perfectly
+upright and buried at nearly an arm's length. The eggs are covered up,
+as they are laid, and left until the heat hatches them. Sometimes a
+bushel of them are found in one heap, and are very fine eating. When
+this Turkey is disturbed, it runs swiftly through the under-brush, or
+springs upon the low branch of some tree, and leaps from limb to limb
+till it reaches the top.
+
+Another bird, called the Mound Making Megapode, from its big feet, is
+somewhat like the Brush Turkey, laying many eggs; it digs holes five or
+six feet deep and deposits the eggs at the bottom. The natives gets
+these eggs by scratching up the earth with their fingers--a very hard
+task, since the holes seldom run straight. Some of these mounds are
+enormously large, one of them being found to measure fifteen feet in
+height and sixty feet round the bottom. These birds live in the close
+thickets on the sea-shore and are never found far inland.
+
+[Illustration: MOUND MAKING MEGAPODE.]
+
+Besides these birds Mr. Brown presented Charley with a glass case
+containing a number of different kinds of Humming Birds stuffed so as to
+look alive and some of them perched on artificial trees, and others
+attached to concealed wires, so as to appear as if they were flying.
+(_See frontispiece._) This case of Humming Birds was the chief ornament
+of the Museum; greatly was Charley's delight at being its possessor.
+
+Mr. Wilson, the great ornithologist, says, "I have seen the humming
+bird, for half an hour at a time, darting at those little groups of
+insects that dance in the air, on a fine summer evening, retiring to an
+adjoining twig to rest, and renewing the attack with a dexterity that
+set all other fly-catchers at defiance." Their feet are small and
+slender, but having long claws, and, in consequence they seldom alight
+upon the ground, but perch easily on branches, from which also they
+generally suspend themselves when sleeping, with their heads downwards.
+Their tail is broad. Their nests, about an inch in diameter, and as much
+in breadth, are very compactly formed, the outer coat of grey lichen,
+and lined with the fine down plucked from the stalks of the fern and
+other herbs, and are fixed to the side of a branch or the moss-grown
+side of a tree so artificially, that they appear, when viewed from
+below, mere mossy knots, or accidental protuberances. They are bold and
+pugnacious, two males seldom meeting on the same bush or flower without
+a battle; and the intrepidity of the female, when defending her young,
+is not less remarkable. They attack the eyes of the larger birds, when
+their needle-like bill is truly a formidable weapon; and it is
+affirmed, that if they perceive a man climbing the tree where their
+nests are, they fly at his face, and strike him also in the eyes. Most
+of the species lay only two eggs, and some of them only one. They have
+been tamed--a female, with her nest and eggs, brought from Jamaica to
+England, was fed with honey and water on the passage, and the young
+ones, when hatched, readily took honey from the lips of the lady to whom
+they were presented, and one, at least, survived two months after their
+arrival.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+HOW CHARLEY ARRANGED HIS MUSEUM.
+
+
+After uncle Brown had gone home, Charley determined he would begin to be
+industrious at once. So he went up to his room, and began to arrange
+his shelves, which his father had put up for the purpose. As he put each
+one in its place, he examined it very carefully, and tried to recall
+every thing his uncle had told him about it, so that it might be fixed
+fast and clear in his memory, for he wished to tell his father and
+mother and his favorite playmates the wonderful things he had heard. He
+looked sharp too, to find in them other curious things, which his uncle
+Brown hadn't mentioned, that he might ask him about them when he came
+out again, or hunt them up in the books his uncle was to bring him.
+
+As fast, as he put up a bird or shell, he wrote down, on a slip of stout
+paper, in a large, neat hand (for he was quite a nice penman) the place
+and name of the bird, or animal, that once lived in the shell, and where
+was its native place, and fastened it with tacks above it.
+
+Though he worked very steadily, it occupied all his spare time, out of
+school, for several days.
+
+Next he asked his father to get him a good sized blank book to make a
+catalogue of his Museum, which his father did very willingly. Then
+Charley wrote down in this the name and the native place of each of his
+birds, and under this he recorded all his uncle told him about them. He
+left besides, under each name, a page or two blank, so that he might
+have room to set down whatever else he might find out about them.
+
+All this took his spare hours for several days more, and after finishing
+his labels on his Museum and his Catalogue, he felt quite proud of their
+orderly and neat appearance and he had good reason to feel satisfied
+for they made a very pretty show. Then he invited his father and mother
+to walk up and see what he had done, for he had before requested them
+not to come up, till he got ready for them. They were both very much
+pleased with all his doings, and praised him a good deal. They said,
+they hoped that he would be as neat and orderly in all he did, as he had
+been here, for it would help him very much in his studies or in his
+business matters. They told him there was a good saying, which he had
+better write down and put up over his little desk, so that he could
+often see it, "A place for every thing, and every thing in its place."
+They said, too, it was an excellent plan to write down, as he had in his
+catalogue, all the particulars he knew about anything, for he could
+understand and remember them better, when they had once been all put on
+paper.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+STUFFED SKINS.
+
+
+"Now, Charley," said Mr. Brown at his next visit, "I've got some new
+curiosities for your Museum; that is, stuffed animals. You know I told
+you, about your birds, that the skin was taken off carefully and filled
+out plumply with some dry, soft substance. Just so it is with these
+animals."
+
+[Illustration: ERMINE IN HIS SUMMER DRESS.]
+
+Here, first, look at this Ermine, which, for a very long while, has been
+so famous for its beautiful fur, that kings and nobles have paid a
+high price for it to trim their robes, This fur in summer is dark
+colored, but in winter it is an elegant white, except on the tip of the
+tail, where it is jet black.
+
+The Ermine lives in the northern parts of the Old and New Worlds, and it
+preys on hares and rabbits and almost every other creature it is strong
+enough to master.
+
+I will tell you a story about the Ermine. Mr. Sturgis, of Boston, was
+formerly engaged in trading with the natives on the north west-coast of
+America, for furs.
+
+The natives had no currency. But the skin of the Ermine, found in
+limited numbers upon the northern part of the continent, was held in
+such universal estimation, and of such uniform value, among many tribes,
+that it in a measure supplied the place of currency. The skin of this
+little slender animal is from eight to twelve inches in length,
+perfectly white, except the tip of the tail, which is jet black.
+
+Urged by some Indian friends, in 1802, Mr. Sturgis obtained and sent
+home a fine specimen, with a request that a quantity should be ordered
+at the annual Leipsic fair, where he supposed they might be obtained.
+About five thousand were procured, which he took out with him on the
+next voyage, and arrived at Kigarnee, one of the principal trading
+places on the coast, early in 1804. Having previously encouraged the
+Indians to expect them, the first question was, if he had "clicks," (the
+Indian name for the Ermine skin) for sale, and being answered in the
+affirmative, great earnestness was manifested to obtain them, and it was
+on that occasion that he purchased five hundred and sixty prime
+sea-otter skins, at that time worth fifty dollars a piece at Canton, in
+a single fore-noon, giving for each five ermine skins, that cost less
+than thirty cents each in Boston. He succeeded in disposing of all his
+ermines at the same rate, before others carried them out--but in less
+than two years from that time, one hundred of them would not bring a
+sea-otter skin.
+
+[Illustration: PINE MARTEN.]
+
+And here is a Pine Marten, which, as you see, has also very beautiful
+fur, which brings a high price. Notice what a long, slender body, short
+muzzle, and sharp teeth it has. It is a great robber, and kills rabbits,
+birds, chickens, and young ducks in great numbers, creeping slyly up to
+them, darting at them, and piercing their necks with its sharp teeth. It
+is found almost all over the world. Here is a story about the Marten
+which I have copied from a book.
+
+There is another strong instinct which the Marten evinces even when
+tamed. It has an implacable hostility to cats, and lets slip no
+opportunity of springing upon them and giving them a mortal wound. In
+the forests, diminutive as it is in comparison, it battles stoutly with
+the wild cat; and we shall venture to quote from "The British
+Naturalist" an account of one of these battles, as from an eye witness.
+"In the year 1805, a gentleman, on whose veracity we can depend,
+witnessed one of those combats in the Morven district of Argyleshire. In
+crossing the mountains from Loch Sunart southward, he passed along the
+bank of a very deep wooded dell, the hollow of which, though it
+occasionally showed green patches through trees and coppice, was one
+hundred and fifty or two hundred feet from the top. The dell is of
+difficult access, and contains nothing that would compensate the labor,
+and thus it is abandoned to wild animals, and, among others, to the
+Marten, which, though the skin fetches a high price, is not so much
+hunted there as in more open places; because, though they might succeed
+in shooting it from the heights above, they could not be sure of
+removing the body. Thus it is left to contend with the mountain cat for
+the sovereignty of this particular dell, and both are safe, except when
+they approach the farm-house at the bottom of the hill. The contest then
+lasted for more than a half an hour, and both combatants, were too
+intent on each other's destruction to shun or fear observation. At last,
+however, the Marten succeeded in falling upon the right side of the
+cat's neck, and jerking his long body over her, so as to be out of the
+reach of her claws; when, after a good deal of squeaking and struggling,
+by which the enemy could not be shaken off, the martial achievements of
+puss were ended in the field of glory."
+
+Next comes a Ruffed Lemur, as it is called from the half-circle of white
+hair, which you see on each side of its face. Notice, too, Charley, the
+big patches of white on its back and sides, and its long bushy tail,
+longer even than its whole body.
+
+[Illustration: RUFFED LEMUR.]
+
+"It is a native of Madagascar, which, you see on your map, is an island
+south-east of Africa. It lives in the thick woods, and sleeps all day,
+but when night comes, it starts forth after its food, which consists of
+fruits, insects, and small birds. It is a little bigger, you see, than a
+common cat. The Lemur, of which there are several varieties, is a good
+deal like a monkey in his habits and some of them look like monkeys.
+
+"You've seen, Charley, tigers in the Menagerie. Notice how much this
+animal resembles a tiger, being shaped and striped like it, but a good
+deal smaller, and measuring three feet long and eighteen inches high.
+You can perceive, then, why it is sometimes called tiger-cat, though its
+most common name is Ocelet. It is a native of Mexico and Peru, and if
+caught young, is easily tamed. When it is wild, it feeds mostly on
+Monkeys, which it takes by its cunning.
+
+[Illustration: AN OCELET.]
+
+[Illustration: CANADA LYNX.]
+
+"Here's one more animal for you, Charley, called the Canada Lynx, which
+would make you laugh, if you could see it alive and moving. It doesn't
+walk or run, but sticks up its back and jumps forward with all four feet
+in the air at once. If you apply that measuring rule of yours to it,
+you'll find it about three feet long. It is a native of North America,
+and its skin is highly valued, so that eight or nine thousand of them
+are carried, every year to England. Muffs and tippets are made of the
+fur of the Lynx."
+
+"I know that," said Charley, "for my mother's muff and tippet are made
+of Lynx skin."
+
+"You notice, Charley, that most of the animals, that have nice furs,
+live in cold countries, some of them where is ice and snow through the
+whole year. What, my boy, do you suppose is the reason for this."
+
+"Is it not, uncle, because the people there need these warm furs to
+keep out the terrible cold?"
+
+"Certainly, Charley, that's one reason, and it shows how the good God
+takes care of all the creatures he has made, wherever they are. But
+isn't there another reason?"
+
+"I don't think of any other, uncle?"
+
+"Why, Charley, don't these animals want this nice, thick fur to keep
+themselves warm?"
+
+"Oh yes, yes, dear uncle, why didn't I think of that?"
+
+"You see, then, Charley, that God provides for the animals he made, as
+well as for men. So he gives fur to those living in very cold countries,
+while he does not give it, at least very thick, to those of warmer
+climates, because they would be uncomfortable with such a covering."
+
+Here is a picture of a Caracal, which is a sort of Lynx.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+MORE SHELLS.
+
+
+When Mr. Brown next visited the farm, he brought another pocket full of
+shells, for Charley's Museum. When he was by alone with Charley in the
+little chamber where the Museum was to be formed, he began to take them
+from his pocket one by one and describe them.
+
+[Illustration: BULINUS.]
+
+"The Bulinus Haemastona," said Mr. Brown, "is very pretty, as you see.
+These animals live altogether on land. They feed on the tender leaves
+of plants and are very fond of lettuces and cabbages. Through the day
+they lie half asleep, and towards evening move about, especially if warm
+and moist, and are evidently fond of moisture. In winter they lie
+torpid, and in spring deposit their eggs about two inches beneath the
+earth's surface.
+
+[Illustration: BRUSH TURKEY.]
+
+"You have heard of King Midas, Charley. This shell is called Midas's
+Ear, or Auricula Midae."
+
+"I remember," said Charley, "that Midas was said to have ass's ears."
+
+[Illustration: HALIOTIS.]
+
+"Just so," said Mr. Brown, "all the Auriculas and Haliotises, are a
+little turned in form. Here is a Haliotis, or Sea Ear. The shell was at
+first called the Haliotis, but because it is a little twisted, and
+looks, as you may see, something like the ear of an animal, it is now
+generally named the Sea Ear. This animal has a kind of fleshy foot
+projecting from its body, with which it helps itself to move about.
+Some kinds of them are very beautiful. There are a great many shells
+named Sea Ear, by fishermen and sailors; and they are classed by
+naturalists with these two."
+
+Mr. Brown went on taking more shells from his pocket and talking all the
+time.
+
+[Illustration: SPINY CHITON.]
+
+Next came a couple of handsome shells, the Spiny Chiton and the
+Magnificent Chiton. The word Chiton, which in Greek means "shield,"
+indicates the general shape of this shell, which resembles a shield.
+"These animals are a good deal like common Limpets. Those found in our
+northern seas are small, but in the tropic seas they reach a large size.
+Their shell consists of several plates, which are arranged very
+regularly behind each other by complicated ligaments and muscles.
+
+[Illustration: MAGNIFICENT CHITON.]
+
+"The Spiny Chiton is found in the south seas. It has a wide border, as
+you may see, furnished with long, sharp, blackish spines.
+
+"The Magnificent Chiton grows five inches long, and is found in Chili,
+often in very exposed places, fixed to wave-beaten rocks. The soft part
+of all the Chitons, that is, you know, the animal when alive, is
+furnished with a sucker on the under part, by which it sticks hard to
+the rocks."
+
+[Illustration: THORNY WOODCOCK.]
+
+Uncle Brown next gave Charley one of the most beautiful shells, that,
+he thought, he had ever seen. Our young readers will see whether Charley
+was not right, by looking at the cut of it. It is called by several
+different names, such as the Murex, Tenuispina, or Thin Spined Murex;
+The Thorny Woodcock; and Venus's Comb. It lives in the Indian Ocean,
+which, you know, is many thousand miles off from where we live.
+
+[Illustration: OLD SHELLS.     YOUNG SHELLS.
+
+PTEROCERAS SCORPIO.]
+
+With this he gave him four shells, two young, and two grown up ones,
+which are called the Pteroceras Scorpio; and three others besides, one
+young and two grown up ones, which go by the name of Cypraea Exanthema.
+
+He told Charley to put all these shells together in his Museum, because,
+in certain particulars, they are alike, and all have, besides their own
+special names, the same generic name of Gasteropoda. They are so called,
+because they have something like a foot proceeding from the body which
+they use for moving about. Some of them have a distinct head, furnished
+with feelers, and eyes, and some means of smelling and hearing. Commonly
+the shell has but one valve, but sometimes more. Their shell is
+secreted or made out of their skin, which is called a mantle. I ought to
+tell you also, that all these shell-fish have another name, still more
+general, which is Mollusca, or Molluscs.
+
+[Illustration: ADULT SHELLS.      YOUNG SHELL.
+
+CYPRAEA EXANTHEMA.]
+
+The Scallop Charley must have read about before his uncle gave it to
+him, for pilgrims to the Holy Land, many hundred years ago, used to wear
+it, as a badge on their hats or caps. It has two valves, like the
+oyster, which are united by a strong and very elastic hinge. It has also
+a strong muscle, by which it can, as it pleases, open its valves or
+keep them tightly shut. It helps to move itself about by rapidly opening
+and closing its shell. It is found in the European seas and all along
+the southern coasts of England.
+
+[Illustration: SCALLOP.]
+
+[Illustration: NAUTILUS]
+
+"Here, Charley," said uncle Brown, "is a very beautiful shell for you,
+called the Nautilus. The animal is very plentiful in the Mediterranean
+Sea. It has several arms, which, people used to think, it stretched out
+like the sails of a ship, and so skimmed over the water in its shell.
+But this is a mistake, for it covers its shell with these arms, and in
+fact makes the shell by a secretion from them. It pushes itself through
+the water by throwing water from a tube, which it has.
+
+"The shell is always elegant, but the colors of the living animal are
+very beautiful."
+
+"Oh uncle," cried Charley, "what wonderful and nice things you have
+told me? Can I find such things in books."
+
+"Certainly, you can," replied the uncle, "for it is there I got most of
+what I have told you."
+
+"Then," said, Charley, "I mean to read all the books, telling about
+these things, that I can get, if father will let me, for I should like
+to do that better, than to be a farmer or a merchant. Do you think,
+uncle, father will be willing, that I should study and go to college,
+like our minister Edward?"
+
+"Why my lad," replied the uncle, "your father and I can manage it, if
+you will be a good scholar and a well behaved boy. But remember, that in
+order to do this, you cannot be idle and careless and too fond of play,
+but you must be very industrious and study hard, for a good many years,
+to be a good scholar, and you must also be careful of what you do and
+say, and keep out of the company of mischievous and bad boys, or their
+example will lead you astray and make you as bad as themselves. Do you
+think you have resolution and perseverance enough for all these things?"
+
+"I hope so uncle," answered Charley, "and I believe so. Certainly I'll
+try."
+
+"Well, my boy, let us see you try. It will be three or four years,
+before you will be old enough to go to college, but you are old enough
+to begin to study now, in order to get ready to go. Now is the time to
+form regular and industrious habits of study. Just at present, you had
+better go on and form a pretty good Museum, and I will bring you some
+more birds and shells for the purpose, and some books, that will tell
+you much more about them than what I have."
+
+How Charley found his Museum useful in improving his mind; and how he
+went to college, and became a very distinguished scholar we will relate
+to our young readers on some future occasion.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Charley's Museum, by Unknown
+
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