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+The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Origins of Contemporary France, Complete, by Hippolyte A. Taine
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
+most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
+whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms
+of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at
+www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you
+will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before
+using this eBook.
+
+Title: The Origins of Contemporary France, Complete
+       Linked Table of Contents to the Six Volumes
+
+Author: Hippolyte A. Taine
+
+Annotator: Svend Rom
+
+Translator: John Durand
+
+Release Date: June 21, 2008 [eBook #23524]
+[Most recently updated: January 18, 2023]
+
+Language: English
+
+Produced by: David Widger
+
+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE ***
+
+
+
+
+THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE
+
+SIX VOLUMES: COMPLETE TABLE OF CONTENTS
+
+by Hippolyte A. Taine
+Volume One:   Ancient Regime
+Volume Two:   French Revolution I.
+Volume Three: French Revolution II.
+Volume Four:  French Revolution III.
+Volume Five:  Napoleon I.
+Volume Six:   Modern Regime
+
+
+
+THE ANCIENT REGIME
+
+INTRODUCTION
+PREFACE:
+PREFACE BY THE AUTHOR: ON POLITICAL IGNORANCE AND WISDOM.
+
+BOOK FIRST. THE STRUCTURE OF THE ANCIENT SOCIETY.
+
+CHAPTER I. THE ORIGIN OF PRIVILEGES.
+I. Services and Recompenses of the Clergy.
+II. Services and Recompenses of the Nobles.
+III. Services and Recompenses of the King.
+
+CHAPTER II. THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES.
+I. Number of the Privileged Classes.
+II. Their Possessions, Capital, and Revenue.
+III. Their Immunities.
+IV. Their Feudal Rights.
+V. They may be justified by local and general services.
+CHAPTER III. LOCAL SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES.
+I. Examples in Germany and England.—These services are not rendered by
+II. Resident Seigniors.
+III. Absentee Seigniors.
+
+CHAPTER IV. PUBLIC SERVICES DUE BY THE PRIVILEGED CLASSES.
+I. England compared to France.
+II. The Clergy
+III. Influence of the Nobles..
+IV. Isolation of the Chiefs
+V. The King's Incompetence and Generosity.
+VI. Latent Disorganization in France.
+
+BOOK SECOND. MORALS AND CHARACTERS.
+
+CHAPTER I. MORAL PRINCIPLES UNDER THE ANCIENT REGIME.
+The Court and a life of pomp and parade.
+I. Versailles.
+The Physical aspect and the moral character of Versailles.
+II. The King's Household.
+III. The King's Associates.
+IV. Everyday Life In Court.
+V. Royal Distractions.
+VI. Upper Class Distractions.
+VII. Provincial Nobility.
+
+CHAPTER II. DRAWING ROOM LIFE.
+I. Perfect only in France
+II. Social Life Has Priority.
+III. Universal Pleasure Seeking.
+IV. Enjoyment.
+V. Happiness.
+VI. Gaiety.
+VII. Theater, Parade And Extravagance.
+
+CHAPTER III. DISADVANTAGES OF THIS DRAWING ROOM LIFE.
+I. Its Barrenness and Artificiality
+II. Return To Nature And Sentiment.
+III. Personality Defects.
+
+BOOK THIRD. THE SPIRIT AND THE DOCTRINE.
+
+CHAPTER I. SCIENTIFIC ACQUISITION.
+I. Scientific Progress.
+II. Science Detached From Theology.
+III. The Transformation Of History.
+IV. The New Psychology.
+V. The Analytical Method.
+
+CHAPTER II. THE CLASSIC SPIRIT, THE SECOND ELEMENT.
+I. Through Colored Glasses.
+II. Its Original Deficiency.
+III. The Mathematical Method.
+
+CHAPTER III. COMBINATION OF THE TWO ELEMENTS.
+I. Birth Of A Doctrine, A Revelation.
+II. Ancestral Tradition And Culture.
+III. Reason At War With Illusion.
+IV. Casting Out The Residue Of Truth And Justice.
+V. The Dream Of A Return To Nature.
+VI. The Abolition Of Society. Rousseau.
+VII: The Lost Children.
+
+CHAPTER IV. ORGANIZING THE FUTURE SOCIETY.
+I. Liberty, Equality And Sovereignty Of The People.
+II. Naive Convictions
+III. Our True Human Nature.
+IV. Birth Of Socialist Theory, Its Two Sides.
+V. Social Contract, Summary.
+
+BOOK FOURTH. THE PROPAGATION OF THE DOCTRINE.
+
+CHAPTER I.—SUCCESS OF THIS PHILOSOPHY IN FRANCE.—FAILURE OF THE SAME
+I. The Propagating Organ, Eloquence.
+II. Its Method.
+III. Its Popularity.
+IV. The Masters.
+
+CHAPTER II. THE FRENCH PUBLIC.
+I. The Nobility.
+II. Conditions In France.
+III. French Indolence.
+IV. Unbelief.
+V. Political Opposition.
+VI. Well-Meaning Government.
+
+CHAPTER III. THE MIDDLE CLASS.
+I. The Past.
+II. CHANGE IN THE CONDITION OF THE BOURGEOIS.
+III. Social Promotion.
+IV. Rousseau's Philosophy Spreads And Takes HOLD.
+V. Revolutionary Passions.
+VI. Summary
+
+BOOK FIFTH. THE PEOPLE
+
+CHAPTER I. HARDSHIPS.
+I. Privations.
+II. The Peasants.
+III. The Countryside.
+IV. The Peasant Becomes Landowner.
+
+CHAPTER II. TAXATION THE PRINCIPAL CAUSE OF MISERY.
+I. Extortion.
+II. Local Conditions.
+III. The Common Laborer.
+IV. Collections And Seizures.—Observe the system actually at work. It
+V. Indirect Taxes.
+VI. Burdens And Exemptions.
+VII. Municipal Taxation.
+VIII. Complaints In The Registers.
+
+CHAPTER III. INTELLECTUAL STATE OF THE PEOPLE.
+I. Intellectual incapacity
+II. Political incapacity
+III. Destructive impulses
+IV. Insurrectionary leaders and recruits
+
+CHAPTER IV. THE ARMED FORCES.
+I. Military force declines
+II. The social organization is dissolved
+III. Direction of the current
+
+CHAPTER V. SUMMARY.
+I. Suicide of the Ancient Regime.
+II. Aspirations for the 'Great Revolution.'
+
+END OF VOLUME
+
+
+
+THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 1.
+
+PREFACE
+
+BOOK FIRST. SPONTANEOUS ANARCHY.
+
+CHAPTER I. THE BEGINNINGS OF ANARCHY.
+I.  Dearth the first cause.
+II.  Expectations the second cause
+III.  The provinces during the first six months of 1789
+IV.  Intervention of ruffians and vagabonds.
+V.  Effect on the Population of the New Ideas.
+VI.  The first jacquerie in Province
+
+CHAPTER II. PARIS UP TO THE 14TH OF JULY.
+I.  Mob recruits in the vicinity
+II. The Press.
+III.  The Réveillon affair.
+IV.  The Palais-Royal.
+V.  Popular mobs become a political force.
+VI.  July 13th and 14th 1789.
+VII.  Murders of Foulon and Berthier.
+VIII.  Paris in the hands of the people.
+
+CHAPTER III.
+I.  Anarchy from July 14th to October 6th, 1789
+II.  The provinces
+III.  Public feeling.  Famine
+IV.  Panic.
+V.  Attacks on public individuals and public property.
+VI.  Taxes are no longer paid.
+VII.  Attack upon private individuals and private property.
+
+CHAPTER IV. PARIS.
+I.  Paris.
+II.  The distress of the people.
+III.  The new popular leaders.
+IV.  Intervention by the popular leaders with the Government.
+V.  The 5th and 6th of October.
+VI.  The Government and the nation in the hands of the revolutionary party.
+
+BOOK SECOND. THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY, AND THE RESULT OF ITS LABORS.
+
+CHAPTER I.  CONDITIONS REQUIRED FOR THE FRAMING OF GOOD LAWS.
+I.  These conditions absent in the Assembly
+II.  Inadequacy of its information.
+III.  The Power Of Simple, General Ideas.
+IV.  Refusal to supply the ministry
+
+CHAPTER II. DESTRUCTION.
+I.  Two principal vices of the ancient régime.
+II  Nature of societies, and the principle of enduring constitutions.
+III.  The estates of a society.
+IV.  Abuse and lukewarmness in 1789 in the ecclesiastical bodies.
+
+CHAPTER III. THE CONSTRUCTIONS  THE CONSTITUTION OF 1791.
+I.  Powers of the Central Government.
+II.  The Creation Of Popular Democracy.
+III.  Municipal Kingdoms.
+IV.  On Universal Suffrage.
+V.  The Ruling Minority.
+VI.  Summary of the work of the Constituent Assembly.
+
+BOOK THIRD. THE APPLICATION OF THE CONSTITUTION.
+
+CHAPTER I.
+I.  The Federations.
+II.  Independence of the municipalities.
+III.  Independent Assemblies.
+
+CHAPTER II. SOVEREIGNTY OF UNRESTRAINED PASSIONS.
+I.  Old Religious Grudges
+II.  Passion Supreme.
+III.  Egotism of the tax-payer.
+IV.  Cupidity of tenants.
+
+CHAPTER III. DEVELOPMENT OF THE RULING PASSION
+I.  Attitude of the nobles. Their moderate resistance.
+II.  Workings of the popular imagination with respect to them.
+III.  Domiciliary visits.
+IV.  The nobles obliged to leave the rural districts.
+V.  Persecutions in private life.
+VI.  Conduct of officers.
+VI.  Conduct of the officers.
+VII.  Emigration and its causes.
+VIII.  Attitude of the non-juring priests.
+IX.  General state of opinion.
+
+
+
+
+
+THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 2.
+
+PREFACE:
+
+BOOK FIRST. THE JACOBINS.
+
+CHAPTER I. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NEW POLITICAL ORGAN.
+I.  Principle of the revolutionary party.
+II.  The Jacobins.
+III.  Psychology of the Jacobin.
+IV.  What the theory promises.
+
+CHAPTER II. THE JACOBINS
+I.  Formation of the party.
+II.  Spontaneous associations after July 14, 1789.
+III.  How they view the liberty of the press.
+IV.  Their rallying-points.
+V.  Small number of Jacobins.
+
+BOOK SECOND. THE FIRST STAGE OF THE CONQUEST.
+
+CHAPTER I. THE JACOBINS COME INTO IN POWER.
+I.  Their siege operations.
+II.  Annoyances and dangers of public elections.
+III.  The friends of order deprived of the right of free assemblage.
+V.  Intimidation and withdrawal of the Conservatives.
+
+CHAPTER II. THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY
+I.  Composition of the Legislative Assembly.
+II.  Degree and quality of their intelligence and Culture.
+III.  Aspects of their sessions.
+IV.  The Parties.
+V.  Their means of action.
+VI.  Parliamentary maneuvers.
+
+CHAPTER III. POLICY OF THE ASSEMBLY
+I.  Policy of the Assembly.  State of France at the end of 1791.
+II.  The Assembly hostile to the oppressed and favoring oppressors.
+III.  War.
+IV.  Secret motives of the leaders.
+V.  Effects of the war on the common people.
+
+CHAPTER IV. THE DEPARTMENTS.
+I.  Provence in 1792.  Early supremacy of the Jacobins in Marseilles.
+II.  The expedition to Aix.
+III.  The Constitutionalists of Arles.
+IV.  The Jacobins of Avignon.
+V.  The other departments.
+
+CHAPTER V. PARIS.
+I.  Pressure of the Assembly on the King.
+II.  The floating and poor population of Paris.
+III.  Its leaders.  Their committee.  Methods for arousing the crowd.
+IV.  The 20th of June.
+
+CHAPTER VI. THE BIRTH OF THE TERRIBLE PARIS COMMUNE.
+I.  Indignation of the Constitutionalists.
+II.  Pressure on the King.
+III.  The Girondins have worked for the benefit of the Jacobins.
+IV.  Vain attempts of the Girondins to put it down.
+V.  Evening of August 8.
+VI.  Nights of August 9 and 10.
+VII.  August 10.
+VIII.  State of Paris in the Interregnum.
+
+BOOK THIRD. THE SECOND STAGE OF THE CONQUEST.
+
+CHAPTER I. TERROR
+I.  Government by gangs in times of anarchy.
+II.  The development of the ideas of killings in the mass of the party.
+III. Terror is their Salvation.
+IV.  Date of the determination of this.  The actors and their parts.
+V. Abasement and Stupor.
+VI. Jacobin Massacre.
+
+CHAPTER II. THE DEPARTMENTS.
+I. The Sovereignty of the People.
+II.  In several departments it establishes itself in advance.
+III.  Each Jacobin band a dictator in its own neighborhood.
+IV.  Ordinary practices of the Jacobin dictatorship.
+V.  The companies of traveling volunteers.
+VI.  A tour of France in the cabinet of the Minister of the Interior.
+
+CHAPTER III. SECOND STAGE OF THE JACOBIN CONQUEST
+I.  The second stage of the Jacobin conquest.
+II.  The elections.
+III.  Composition and tone of the secondary assemblies.
+IV.  Composition of the National Convention.
+V.  The Jacobins forming alone the Sovereign People.
+VI.  Composition of the party.
+VII. The Jacobin Chieftains.
+
+CHAPTER IV. PRECARIOUS SITUATION OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT.
+I.  Jacobin advantages.
+II.  Its parliamentary recruits.
+III. Physical fear and moral cowardice.
+IV. Jacobin victory over Girondin majority.
+V. Jacobin violence against the people.
+VI. Jacobin tactics.
+VII. The central Jacobin committee in power.
+VIII. Right or Wrong, my Country.
+
+
+
+THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, VOLUME 3.
+
+PREFACE.
+
+BOOK FIRST. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT.
+
+CHAPTER I. JACOBIN GOVERNMENT
+I. The despotic creed and instincts of the Jacobin.
+II. Jacobin Dissimulation.
+III. Primary Assemblies
+IV. The Delegates reach Paris
+V. Fête of August 10th
+VI. The Mountain.
+VII. Extent and Manifesto of the departmental insurrection
+VIII. The Reasons for the Terror.
+IX. Destruction of Rebel Cities
+X. Destruction of the Girondin party
+XI. Institutions of the Revolutionary Government
+
+BOOK SECOND. THE JACOBIN PROGRAM.
+
+CHAPTER I. THE JACOBIN PARTY
+I. The Doctrine.
+II. A Communist State.
+III. The object of the State is the regeneration of man.
+IV. Two distortions of the natural man.
+V. Equality and Inequality.
+VI. Conditions requisite for making a citizen.
+VII. Socialist projects.
+VIII. Indoctrination of mind and intellect.
+
+CHAPTER II. REACTIONARY CONCEPT OF THE STATE.
+I. Reactionary concept of the State.
+II. Changed minds.
+III. Origin and nature of the modern State.
+IV. The state is tempted to encroach.
+V. Direct common interest.
+VI. Indirect common interest.
+VII. Fabrication of social instruments.
+VIII. Comparison between despotisms.
+
+BOOK THIRD. THE MEN IN POWER.
+
+CHAPTER I. PSYCHOLOGY OF THE JACOBIN LEADERS.
+I. Marat.
+II. Danton.
+III. Robespierre.
+
+CHAPTER II. THE RULERS OF THE COUNTRY.
+I. The Convention.
+II. Its participation in crime.
+III. The Committee of Public Safety.
+IV. The Statesmen.
+V. Official Jacobin organs.
+VI. Commissars of the Revolution.
+VII. Brutal Instincts.
+IX. Vice.
+
+CHAPTER III. THE RULERS. (continued).
+I. The Central Government Administration.
+II. Subaltern Jacobins.
+III. A Revolutionary Committee.
+IV. Provincial Administration.
+V. Jacobins sent to the Provinces.
+VI. Quality of staff thus formed.
+VII. The Armed Forces.
+
+BOOK FOURTH. THE GOVERNED.
+
+CHAPTER I. THE OPPRESSED.
+I. Revolutionary Destruction.
+II. The Value of Notables in Society.
+III. The three classes of Notables.
+IV. The Clergy.
+V. The Bourgeoisie.
+VI. The Demi-notables.
+VII. Principle of socialist Equality.
+VIII. Rigor against the Upper Classes.
+IX. The Jacobin Citizen Robot.
+X. The Governors and the Governed.
+
+CHAPTER II. FOOD AND PROVISIONS.
+I. Economical Complexity of Food Chain.
+II. Conditions in 1793. A Lesson in Market Economics.
+III. Privation.
+IV. Hunger.
+V. Revolutionary Remedies.
+VI. Relaxation.
+VII. Misery at Paris.
+
+BOOK FIFTH. THE END OF THE REVOLUTIONARY GOVERNMENT.
+
+CHAPTER I. THE CONVENTION.
+I. The Convention.
+II. Re-election of the Two-thirds.
+III. A Directory of Regicides.
+IV. Public Opinon.
+VI. The Directory.
+VII. Enforcement of Pure Jacobinism.
+VIII. Propaganda and Foreign Conquests.
+IX. National Disgust.
+X. Contrast between Civil and Military France.
+
+
+
+THE MODERN REGIME, VOLUME 1 [NAPOLEON]
+
+PREFACE
+
+BOOK FIRST. NAPOLEON BONAPARTE.
+
+CHAPTER I. HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF HIS CHARACTER AND GENIUS.
+I. Napoleon's Past and Personality.
+II. The Leader and Statesman
+III. His acute Understanding of Others.
+IV. His Wonderful Memory.
+V. His Imagination and its Excesses.
+
+CHAPTER II. HIS IDEAS, PASSIONS AND INTELLIGENCE.
+I. Intense Passions.
+II. Will and Egoism.
+III. Napoleon's Dominant Passion: Power.
+IV. His Bad Manners.
+V. His Policy.
+VI. Fundamental Defaults of his System.
+
+BOOK SECOND. FORMATION AND CHARACTER OF THE NEW STATE.
+
+CHAPTER I. THE INSTITUTION OF GOVERNMENT
+I. The Institution of Government.
+II. Default of previous government.
+III. In 1799, the undertaking more difficult and the materials worse.
+IV. Motives for suppressing the election of local powers.
+V. Reasons for centralization.
+VI. Irreconcilable divisions.
+VII. Establishment of a new Dictatorship.
+
+CHAPTER II. PUBLIC POWER
+I. Principal service rendered by the public power.
+II. Abusive Government Intervention.
+III. The State attacks persons and property.
+IV. Abuse of State powers.
+V. Final Results of Abusive Government Intervention
+
+CHAPTER III. THE NEW GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION.
+I. Precedents of the new organization.
+II. Doctrines of Government.
+III. Brilliant Statesman and Administrator.
+IV. Napoleon's barracks.
+V. Modeled after Rome.
+
+BOOK THIRD. OBJECT AND MERITS OF THE SYSTEM.
+
+CHAPTER I. RECOVERY OF SOCIAL ORDER.
+I. Rule as the mass want to be ruled.
+II. The Revolution Ends.
+III. Return of the Emigrés.
+IV. Education and Medical Care.
+V. Old and New.
+VI. Religion
+VII. The Confiscated Property.
+VIII. Public Education.
+
+CHAPTER II. TAXATION AND CONSCRIPTION.
+I. Distributive Justice in Allotment of Burdens and Benefits.
+II. Equitable Taxation.
+III. Formation of Honest, Efficient Tax Collectors
+IV. Various Taxes.
+V. Conscription or Professional soldiers.
+
+CHAPTER III. AMBITION AND SELF-ESTEEM.
+I. Rights and benefits.
+II. Ambitions during the Ancient Regime.
+III. Ambition and Selection.
+IV. Napoleon, Judge-Arbitrator-Ruler.
+IV. The Struggle for Office and Title.
+V. Self-esteem and a good Reputation.
+
+BOOK FOURTH. DEFECT AND EFFECTS OF THE SYSTEM.
+
+CHAPTER I. LOCAL SOCIETY.
+I. Human Incentives.
+II. Local Community.
+III. Essential Public Local Works.
+IV. Local associations.
+V. Local versus State authority.
+VI. Local Elections under the First Consul.
+VII. Municipal and general councillors under the Empire.
+VIII. Excellence of Local Government after Napoleon.
+
+CHAPTER II. LOCAL SOCIETY SINCE 1830.
+I. Introduction of Universal suffrage.
+II. Universal suffrage.
+III. Equity in taxation.
+IV. On unlimited universal suffrage.
+V. Rural or urban communes.
+VI. The larger Communes.
+VII. Local society in 1880.
+VIII. Final result in a tendency to bankruptcy.
+
+
+
+THE MODERN REGIME, VOLUME 2
+
+PREFACE By André Chevrillon.
+
+BOOK FIFTH. THE CHURCH.
+
+CHAPTER I. MORAL INSTITUTIONS
+I. Napoleon's Objectives.
+II. Napoleon's opinions and methods.
+III. Dealing with the Pope.
+IV. The Pope, Napoleon's employee.
+V. State domination of all religion.
+VI. Napoleon Executes the Concordat.
+VII. System to which the regular clergy is subject.
+VIII. Administrative Control.
+IX. The Imperial Catechism
+X. The Council of 1811.—The Concordat of 1813.
+
+CHAPTER II. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH.
+I. The Catholic System.
+II. The Bishops and their new Situation.
+III. The new Bishop.
+IV. The subordinate clergy.
+
+CHAPTER III THE CLERGY
+I. The regular clergy.
+II. Evolution of the Catholic Church.
+III. The Church today.
+IV. Contrasting Vistas.
+
+BOOK SIXTH. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.
+
+CHAPTER I. PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
+I. Public instruction and its three effects.
+II. Napoleon's Educational Instruments.
+III. Napoleon's machinery.
+VI. Objects and sentiments.
+V. Military preparation and the cult of the Emperor.
+
+CHAPTER II.
+I. Primary Instruction.
+II. Higher Education.
+III. On Science, Reason and Truth.
+IV. Napoleon's stranglehold on science.
+V. On Censorship under Napoleon.
+
+CHAPTER III. EVOLUTION BETWEEN 1814 AND 1890.
+I. Evolution of the Napoleonic machine.
+II. Educational monopoly of Church and State.
+III. Internal Vices
+IV. Cramming and Exams Compared to Apprenticeship
+V. Public instruction in 1890.
+VI. Summary.
+
+
+
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ORIGINS OF CONTEMPORARY FRANCE ***
+
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