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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Journeys Through Bookland, Vol. 7, by 
+Charles H. Sylvester
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Journeys Through Bookland, Vol. 7
+
+Author: Charles H. Sylvester
+
+Release Date: November 7, 2007 [EBook #23405]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNEYS THROUGH BOOKLAND, VOL. 7 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Julia Miller, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note
+
+Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. A list of changes is
+found at the end of the book. Oe ligatures have been expanded.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE CANOE RACE]
+
+
+
+
+                    Journeys
+                Through Bookland
+
+
+               A NEW AND ORIGINAL
+        PLAN FOR READING APPLIED TO THE
+            WORLD'S BEST LITERATURE
+                  FOR CHILDREN
+
+                      _BY_
+             CHARLES H. SYLVESTER
+  _Author of English and American Literature_
+
+
+                  VOLUME SEVEN
+                  _New Edition_
+
+                 [Illustration]
+
+                    Chicago
+             BELLOWS-REEVE COMPANY
+                   PUBLISHERS
+
+
+
+
+  Copyright, 1922
+  BELLOWS-REEVE COMPANY
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                                     PAGE
+  THE DAFFODILS                                 _William Wordsworth_    1
+  TO THE FRINGED GENTIAN                     _William Cullen Bryant_    4
+  TO A MOUSE                                          _Robert Burns_    5
+  TO A MOUNTAIN DAISY                                 _Robert Burns_    8
+  THE OLD OAKEN BUCKET                           _Samuel Wordsworth_   11
+  BANNOCKBURN                                         _Robert Burns_   15
+  BOAT SONG                                       _Sir Walter Scott_   17
+  THE GOVERNOR AND THE NOTARY                    _Washington Irving_   20
+  THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER              _Samuel T. Coleridge_   29
+  THE BLACK HAWK TRAGEDY                              _Edwin D. Coe_   58
+  THE PETRIFIED FERN                            _Mary Bolles Branch_   77
+  AN EXCITING CANOE RACE                        _J. Fenimore Cooper_   79
+  THE BUFFALO                                      _Francis Parkman_   96
+  THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE                  _Alfred Tennyson_  147
+  FOR A' THAT AND A' THAT                             _Robert Burns_  149
+  BREATHES THERE THE MAN                          _Sir Walter Scott_  151
+  HOW SLEEP THE BRAVE                              _William Collins_  151
+  QUEEN VICTORIA                                      _Anna McCaleb_  152
+  THE RECESSIONAL                                  _Rudyard Kipling_  164
+  THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER                       _Francis Scott Key_  167
+  HOW'S MY BOY?                                      _Sydney Dobell_  169
+  THE SOLDIER'S DREAM                              _Thomas Campbell_  170
+  MAKE WAY FOR LIBERTY                            _James Montgomery_  172
+  THE OLD CONTINENTALS                      _Guy Humphreys McMaster_  175
+  THE PICKET-GUARD                           _Mrs. Ethel Lynn Beers_  177
+  MY OLD KENTUCKY HOME                      _Stephen Collins Foster_  179
+  THE FORSAKEN MERMAN                               _Matthew Arnold_  180
+  TOM AND MAGGIE TULLIVER                             _George Eliot_  186
+  A GORILLA HUNT                                   _Paul du Chaillu_  247
+  THE CLOUD                                   _Percy Bysshe Shelley_  257
+  BRUTE NEIGHBORS                              _Henry David Thoreau_  260
+  ODE TO A SKYLARK                            _Percy Bysshe Shelley_  275
+  THE POND IN WINTER                           _Henry David Thoreau_  280
+  SALMON FISHING                                   _Rudyard Kipling_  285
+  WINTER ANIMALS                               _Henry David Thoreau_  293
+  TREES AND ANTS THAT HELP EACH OTHER                  _Thomas Belt_  306
+  THE FAMILY OF MICHAEL AROUT                      _Emile Souvestre_  314
+  ON THE RECEIPT OF MY MOTHER'S PICTURE             _William Cowper_  331
+  THOSE EVENING BELLS                                 _Thomas Moore_  340
+  ANNABEL LEE                                      _Edgar Allan Poe_  341
+  THE THREE FISHERS                               _Charles Kingsley_  343
+  THE REAPER'S DREAM                          _Thomas Buchanan Read_  345
+  THE RECOVERY OF THE HISPANIOLA            _Robert Louis Stevenson_  352
+  JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER                          _Grace E. Sellon_  381
+  WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT                                               391
+  TO A WATERFOWL                             _William Cullen Bryant_  395
+  OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES                            _Grace E. Sellon_  398
+  THE CUBES OF TRUTH                        _Oliver Wendell Holmes_   406
+  THE LOST CHILD                              _James Russell Lowell_  409
+  JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL                             _Grace E. Sellon_  411
+  A CHILD'S THOUGHT OF GOD              _Elizabeth Barrett Browning_  418
+  ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING                                          419
+  DON QUIXOTE                                            _Cervantes_  431
+
+  PRONUNCIATION OF PROPER NAMES                                       487
+
+For Classification of Selections, see General Index, at end of Volume X
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+                                                                     PAGE
+  THE CANOE RACE (Color Plate)              _R. F. Babcock_  FRONTISPIECE
+  A HOST OF GOLDEN DAFFODILS                     _Albert H. Winkler_    2
+  THE FRINGED GENTIAN                               _G. H. Mitchell_    4
+  THOU NEED NA START AWA                         _Albert H. Winkler_    6
+  ROBERT BURNS (Halftone)                                               8
+  THOU BONNY GEM                                 _Albert H. Winkler_    9
+  INCLINED TO MY LIPS                            _Herbert N. Rudeen_   12
+  THE NOTARY ENTERS THE CARRIAGE                     _R. F. Babcock_   26
+  HE CANNOT CHOOSE BUT HEAR (Heading)                _Donn P. Crane_   29
+  I SHOT THE ALBATROSS                               _Donn P. Crane_   33
+  AND STRAIGHT THE SUN WAS FLECKED WITH BARS         _Donn P. Crane_   38
+  I WATCHED THE WATER-SNAKES                         _Donn P. Crane_   42
+  THEY GROANED, THEY STIRRED, THEY ALL UPROSE        _Donn P. Crane_   45
+  SLOWLY AND SMOOTHLY WENT THE SKIP (Color Plate)    _Donn P. Crane_   48
+  "O SHRIEVE ME, SHRIEVE ME, HOLY MAN"               _Donn P. Crane_   55
+  I PASS FROM LAND TO LAND (Ending)                  _Donn P. Crane_   57
+  BLACK HAWK AND THE TWO RUFFIANS                    _R. F. Babcock_   63
+  THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN CROSSED THE RIVER           _R. F. Babcock_   71
+  HAWKEYE ON THE TRAIL                               _R. F. Babcock_   80
+  JAMES FENIMORE COOPER (Halftone)                                     82
+  HAWKEYE                                            _R. F. Babcock_   85
+  GRADUALLY I CAME ABREAST OF HIM                    _R. F. Babcock_  106
+  ONE VAST HOST OF BUFFALO                           _R. F. Babcock_  125
+  ON DUNE AND HEADLAND                              _G. H. Mitchell_  165
+  THE LITTLE GRAY CHURCH ON THE WINDY HILL         _Walter O. Reese_  181
+  "TOM'S COMING HOME!"                           _Herbert N. Rudeen_  188
+  "OH, HE IS CRUEL"                              _Herbert N. Rudeen_  199
+  "IS IT THE TIPSY CAKE, THEN?"                  _Herbert N. Rudeen_  206
+  "HERE, LUCY!"                                  _Herbert N. Rudeen_  224
+  "AH, YOU'RE FONDEST O' ME, AREN'T YOU?"        _Herbert N. Rudeen_  243
+  GORILLA WITH HER YOUNG                         _Herbert N. Rudeen_  251
+  THE BATTLE OF THE ANTS                         _Herbert N. Rudeen_  265
+  WATCHING FOR THE LOON                              _R. F. Babcock_  272
+  THE SKYLARK                                        _R. F. Babcock_  276
+  KNEELING TO DRINK                                  _R. F. Babcock_  281
+  SALMON FISHING (Color Plate)                       _R. F. Babcock_  286
+  THE RED SQUIRREL STEALING CORN                     _R. F. Babcock_  296
+  "HOW MUCH DO WE OWE YOU?"                      _Herbert N. Rudeen_  320
+  MICHAEL IS COME BACK                           _Herbert N. Rudeen_  326
+  "MY MOTHER!"                                  _Iris Weddell White_  336
+  IN HER SEPULCHRE THERE BY THE SEA                  _Donn P. Crane_  342
+  THE NIGHT RACK CAME ROLLING UP                    _G. H. Mitchell_  344
+  THE CRESCENT MOON WENT BY                         _G. H. Mitchell_  347
+  I LOOKED INTO THE CABIN                            _R. F. Babcock_  354
+  WHITTIER'S BIRTHPLACE (Color Plate)                                 382
+  JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER (Halftone)                                  386
+  WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT (Halftone)                                    392
+  THY FIGURE FLOATS ALONG                             _Jerome Rozen_  396
+  OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES (Halftone)                                    398
+  DOWN THE SUNNY GLADE                             _Walter O. Reese_  409
+  JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL (Halftone)                                     412
+  ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING (Halftone)                               420
+  DON QUIXOTE (Heading)                              _Donn P. Crane_  431
+  DON QUIXOTE TILTS WITH THE WINDMILLS               _Donn P. Crane_  439
+  "DEFEND THYSELF, MISERABLE BEING!"                 _Donn P. Crane_  444
+  THE LION PUT HIS HEAD OUT OF THE CAGE              _Donn P. Crane_  455
+  SANCHO FELL ON HIS KNEES                           _Donn P. Crane_  464
+  THE HORSE BLEW UP, WITH A PRODIGIOUS NOISE         _Donn P. Crane_  475
+
+
+
+
+THE DAFFODILS
+
+_By_ WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
+
+
+    I wandered lonely as a cloud
+      That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
+    When all at once I saw a crowd,--
+      A host of golden daffodils
+    Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
+    Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
+
+    Continuous as the stars that shine
+      And twinkle on the Milky Way,
+    They stretched in never-ending line
+      Along the margin of a bay:
+    Ten thousand saw I, at a glance,
+    Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
+
+    The waves beside them danced, but they
+      Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;
+    A poet could not but be gay
+      In such a jocund company;
+    I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
+    What wealth the show to me had brought.
+
+    For oft, when on my couch I lie,
+      In vacant or in pensive mood,
+    They flash upon that inward eye
+      Which is the bliss of solitude;
+    And then my heart with pleasure fills,
+    And dances with the daffodils.
+
+[Illustration: A HOST OF GOLDEN DAFFODILS]
+
+     When we look at this little poem we see at a glance that the
+     stanzas are all the same length, that the rhyme scheme is _ababcc_
+     (see "To My Infant Son," Vol. VI), and that the indentation at the
+     beginning of the lines corresponds with the rhymes. This poem,
+     then, is perfectly regular in form.
+
+     There are other things, however, which go to make up perfect
+     structure in a poem. First and foremost, the words are so arranged
+     that the accented syllables in any given line come at regular
+     intervals. Take, for instance, the first two lines of this poem.
+     Each line contains eight syllables. If you number these syllables
+     1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, you will see that it is the second one each
+     time that bears the accent, thus:
+
+       I wan´dered lone´ly as´ a cloud´
+         That floats´ on high´ o'er vales´ and hills´.
+
+     Now, if you read the four remaining lines of the stanza you will
+     see that in each one of these the second syllable bears the
+     accent, until you come to the last line, where in the word
+     _fluttering_, which, by the way, you pronounce _flutt´ring_, the
+     accent is on the first syllable. If the poet did not now and then
+     change the accent a little it would become tedious and monotonous.
+
+     It is a very simple matter, you see, to separate every line of
+     poetry into groups of syllables, and in every group to place one
+     accented syllable and one or more syllables that are not accented.
+     Such a group is called a _foot_. Thus in each of the first two
+     lines in this poem there are four _feet_. Each _foot_ contains an
+     accented and an unaccented syllable.
+
+     If you examine _To the Fringed Gentian_, _To a Mouse_, and _To a
+     Mountain Daisy_, the three poems which follow this, you will see
+     the same structure, except that in _To a Mouse_ and in _To A
+     Mountain Daisy_ there are some short lines and some double rhymes,
+     making the last foot a little different in character from the
+     others.
+
+     When a line of poetry is composed of two-syllable feet in which the
+     second syllable bears the accent we call that meter _iambic_. It is
+     the prevalent foot in English poetry, and if you examine the
+     different poems in these volumes you will be surprised to find out
+     how many of them are written substantially on the plan of _The
+     Daffodils_.
+
+     In naming the meter of a poem two things are considered: First the
+     _character_ of the feet, and second, the _number_ of feet. In this
+     poem the feet are iambic and there are four of them, consequently
+     we name the meter of this poem _iambic tetrameter_. Whenever you
+     hear those words you think of a poem whose meter is exactly like
+     that of _The Daffodils_.
+
+     These words seem long and hard to remember. It may help you to
+     remember them if you think that the word _iam´bic_ contains an
+     iambic foot.
+
+     In naming the meter we use the Greek numerals--_mono_ (one), _di_
+     (two), _tri_ (three), _tetra_ (four), _penta_ (five), _hexa_ (six),
+     _hepta_ (seven), and _octa_ (eight), and add to them the word
+     _meter_, thus: _Mo-nom´e-ter_, a line containing one foot,
+     _dim´e-ter_, _trim´e-ter_, _te-tram´e-ter_, _pen-tam´e-ter_,
+     _hex-am´e-ter_, _hep-tam´e-ter_, _and oc-tam´e-ter_.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE FRINGED GENTIAN
+
+_By_ WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
+
+
+    Thou blossom, bright with autumn dew,
+    And colored with the heaven's own blue,
+    That openest when the quiet light
+    Succeeds the keen and frosty night;
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Thou comest not when violets lean
+    O'er wandering brooks and springs unseen,
+    Or columbines, in purple dressed,
+    Nod o'er the ground-bird's hidden nest.
+
+    Thou waitest late, and com'st alone,
+    When woods are bare and birds are flown,
+    And frosts and shortening days portend
+    The aged Year is near his end.
+
+    Then doth thy sweet and quiet eye
+    Look through its fringes to the sky,
+    Blue--blue--as if that sky let fall
+    A flower from its cerulean wall.
+
+    I would that thus, when I shall see
+    The hour of death draw near to me,
+    Hope, blossoming within my heart,
+    May look to heaven as I depart.
+
+
+
+
+TO A MOUSE
+
+ON TURNING HER UP IN HER NEST WITH THE PLOW, NOVEMBER, 1785
+
+_By_ ROBERT BURNS
+
+
+    Wee, sleekit,[5-1] cow'rin', tim'rous beastie,
+    O, what a panic's in thy breastie!
+    Thou need na start awa sae hasty,
+                          Wi' bickering brattle![5-2]
+    I wad be laith to rin an' chase thee,
+                          Wi' murdering pattle![5-3]
+
+    I'm truly sorry man's dominion
+    Has broken Nature's social union,
+    An' justifies that ill opinion
+                          Which makes thee startle
+    At me, thy poor earth-born companion,
+                          An' fellow-mortal!
+
+    I doubt na, whyles, but thou may thieve;
+    What then? poor beastie, thou maun live!
+    A daimen-icker[6-4] in a thrave[6-5]
+                          'S a sma' request:
+    I'll get a blessin' wi' the lave[6-6]
+                          And never miss't!
+
+[Illustration: THOU NEED NA START AWA]
+
+    Thy wee bit housie, too, in ruin!
+    Its silly wa's the win's are strewin'!
+    An' naething, now, to big a new ane,
+                          O' foggage[7-7] green!
+    An' bleak December's winds ensuin',
+                          Baith snell[7-8] and keen!
+
+    Thou saw the fields laid bare an' waste,
+    And weary winter comin' fast,
+    And cozie, here, beneath the blast,
+                          Thou thought to dwell,
+    Till crash! the cruel coulter[7-9] past
+                          Out thro' thy cell.
+
+    That wee bit heap o' leaves an' stibble,
+    Has cost thee mony a weary nibble!
+    Now thou's turn'd out, for a' thy trouble,
+                          But house or hald,[7-10]
+    To thole[7-11] the winter's sleety dribble,
+                          An' cranreuch[7-12] cauld!
+
+    But, Mousie, thou art no thy lane,[7-13]
+    In proving foresight may be vain;
+    The best-laid schemes o' mice an' men,
+                          Gang aft a-gley,[7-14]
+    An' lea'e us nought but grief and pain,
+                          For promis'd joy.
+
+    Still them are blest, compar'd wi' me!
+    The present only toucheth thee:
+    But, Och! I backward cast my e'e
+                          On prospects drear;
+    An' forward, tho' I canna see,[8-15]
+                          I guess an' fear.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[5-1] _Sleekit_ means _sly_.
+
+[5-2] _Brattle_ means a short race.
+
+[5-3] A _pattle_ is a scraper for cleaning a plow.
+
+[6-4] _Daimen-icker_ means an ear of corn occasionally.
+
+[6-5] A _thrave_ is twenty-four sheaves.
+
+[6-6] _Lave_ is the Scotch word for _remainder_.
+
+[7-7] _Foggage_ is coarse uncut grass.
+
+[7-8] _Snell_ means _sharp_.
+
+[7-9] The coulter is the sharp iron which cuts the sod before the plow.
+
+[7-10] _Hald_ means a resting place. _But_ here means _without_.
+
+[7-11] _Thole_ is the Scotch word for _endure_.
+
+[7-12] _Cranreuch_ is hoar-frost.
+
+[7-13] _No thy lane_ means _not alone_.
+
+[7-14] _Gang aft a-gley_ means _often go wrong_.
+
+[8-15] In this poem and the one _To a Mountain Daisy_, does the allusion
+to the poet's own hard fate add to or detract from the beauty of the
+composition? Do these allusions give any insight into his character?
+What was always uppermost in his mind?
+
+
+[Illustration: ROBERT BURNS
+1759-1796]
+
+
+
+
+TO A MOUNTAIN DAISY
+
+ON TURNING ONE DOWN WITH THE PLOUGH IN APRIL, 1786
+
+_By_ ROBERT BURNS
+
+
+    Wee, modest, crimson-tippéd flower,
+    Thou's met me in an evil hour,
+    For I maun[8-1] crush amang the stoure[8-2]
+                    Thy slender stem;
+    To spare thee now is past my power,
+                    Thou bonny gem.
+
+    Alas! it's no thy neibor sweet,
+    The bonny lark, companion meet,
+    Bending thee' mang the dewy weet,
+                    Wi' spreckled[8-3] breast,
+    When upward springing, blithe, to greet
+                    The purpling east.
+
+    Cauld blew the bitter biting north
+    Upon thy early, humble birth;
+    Yet cheerfully thou glinted forth
+                    Amid the storm,
+    Scarce reared above the parent earth
+                    Thy tender form.
+
+[Illustration: THOU BONNY GEM]
+
+    The flaunting flowers our gardens yield,
+    High sheltering woods and wa's maun shield.
+    But thou beneath the random bield[9-4]
+                    O' clod or stane,
+    Adorns the histie[9-5] stibble-field,
+                    Unseen, alane.
+
+    There, in thy scanty mantle clad,
+    Thy snawie bosom sunward spread,
+    Thou lifts thy unassuming head
+                    In humble guise;
+    But now the share uptears thy bed,
+                    And low thou lies!
+
+    Such is the fate of artless maid,
+    Sweet floweret of the rural shade!
+    By love's simplicity betrayed,
+                    And guileless trust,
+    Till she, like thee, all soiled, is laid
+                    Low i' the dust.
+
+    Such is the fate of simple bard,
+    On life's rough ocean luckless starred!
+    Unskilful he to note the card
+                    Of prudent lore,
+    Till billows rage, and gales blow hard
+                    And whelm him o'er!
+
+    Such fate to suffering worth is given,
+    Who long with wants and woes has striven,
+    By human pride or cunning driven
+                    To misery's brink,
+    Till wrenched of every stay but Heaven,
+                    He, ruined, sink!
+
+    Even thou who mourn'st the daisy's fate,
+    That fate is thine,--no distant date:
+    Stern Ruin's ploughshare drives, elate,
+                    Full on thy bloom,
+    Till crushed beneath the furrow's weight,
+                    Shall be thy doom!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[8-1] _Maun_ is the Scotch word for _must_.
+
+[8-2] _Stoure_ is the Scotch name for dust.
+
+[8-3] _Spreckled_ is the Scotch and provincial English form of
+_speckled_.
+
+[9-4] _Bield_ means _shelter_.
+
+[9-5] _Histie_ means _dry_ or _barren_.
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD OAKEN BUCKET[11-1]
+
+_By_ SAMUEL WOODWORTH
+
+
+    How dear to my heart are the scenes of my childhood,
+      When fond[11-2] recollection presents them to view;
+    The orchard, the meadow, the deep, tangled wild-wood,
+      And every loved spot that my infancy[11-3] knew.
+    The wide-spreading pond, and the mill[11-4] that stood by it;
+      The bridge and the rock where the cataract fell;
+    The cot of my father, the dairy house[11-5] nigh it,
+      And e'en the rude bucket which hung in the well--
+    The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket,
+      The moss-covered bucket which hung in the well.
+
+    That moss-covered bucket I hail as a treasure;
+      For often at noon, when returned from the field,
+    I found it the source of an exquisite pleasure,
+      The purest and sweetest that nature can yield.
+    How ardent I seized it, with hands that were glowing,
+      And quick to the white-pebbled bottom it fell[12-6];
+    Then soon with the emblem of truth[12-7] overflowing,
+      And dripping with coolness it rose from the well--
+    The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket,
+      The moss-covered bucket arose from the well.
+
+[Illustration: INCLINED TO MY LIPS]
+
+    How sweet from the green mossy brim to receive it,
+      As poised on the curb,[12-8] it inclined to my lips!
+    Not a full blushing goblet[13-9] could tempt me to leave it,
+      Though filled with the nectar[13-10] that Jupiter sips.
+    And now, far removed from the loved situation,[13-11]
+      The tear of regret will oftentimes swell,
+    As fancy returns to my father's plantation,
+      And sighs for the bucket which hangs in the well--
+    The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket,
+      The moss-covered bucket which hangs in the well.
+
+
+     If we compare _The Old Oaken Bucket_ with _The Daffodils_ (page 1),
+     we will see that the lines of the former are longer, and when we
+     read aloud a few lines from the one and compare the other, we see
+     that the movement is very different. In _The Old Oaken Bucket_ the
+     accents are farther apart, and the result is to make the movement
+     long and smooth, like that of a swing with long ropes.
+
+     Let us examine more closely the lines of _The Old Oaken Bucket_ in
+     a manner similar to that suggested on page 2, for _The Daffodils_.
+     If we place the accent on the proper syllables in the first four
+     lines, they will read as follows:
+
+       How dear´| to my heart´| are the scenes´| of my child´|hood,
+         When fond´| rec-ol-lec´|tion pre-sents´| them to view';
+       The or´|chard, the mead´|ow, the deep´| tan-gled wild´|-wood,
+         And ev´|'ry loved spot´| that my in´|fan-cy knew.´
+
+     The vertical lines above are drawn at the ends of the feet. How
+     many feet are there in the first line; how many in the second; how
+     many in the third; how many in the fourth? How many syllables in
+     the first foot in the first line? How many other feet do you find
+     containing the same number of syllables? How many syllables are
+     there in the second foot in the first line? How many other feet are
+     there containing the same number of syllables? Examine the feet
+     that contain three syllables. On which syllable is the accent
+     placed when there are three syllables in the foot? A poetic foot of
+     three syllables which bears the accent on the third syllable is
+     called an _anapestic_ foot. The meter of this poem, then is
+     _anapestic tetrameter_, varied by an added syllable in most of the
+     odd-numbered lines and by an iambic foot at the beginning of each
+     line.
+
+     Can you find any other poem in this volume in which the meter is
+     the same? Can you find such poems in other volumes?
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[11-1] Samuel Woodworth, the author of this familiar song, was an
+American, the editor of many publications and the writer of a great many
+poems; but no one of the latter is now remembered, except _The Old Oaken
+Bucket_.
+
+[11-2] This means that the author remembers fondly the scenes of his
+childhood, or remembers the things of which he was fond in his
+childhood.
+
+[11-3] As the term is used in the law-books, a person is an _infant_
+until he is twenty-one years of age; though, probably the word _infancy_
+here means the same as _childhood_.
+
+[11-4] Let us picture a large mill-pond with a race running out of one
+side of it past the old-fashioned mill, which has a big wooden water
+wheel on the outside of it.
+
+[11-5] The dairy house was probably a low, broad building through which
+the water from the stream ran. The milkpans were set on low shelves or
+in a trough so that the water could run around them and keep the milk
+cool.
+
+[12-6] If he could see the white-pebbled bottom of the well, it must
+have been a shallow one, or perhaps merely a square box built around a
+deep spring.
+
+[12-7] Water is usually spoken of as an emblem of _purity_, not of
+_truth_; but sometimes truth is spoken of as hiding at the bottom of a
+well.
+
+[12-8] The curb is the square box usually built around the mouth of the
+well to a height of a few feet, to protect the water from dirt.
+Sometimes three of the sides are carried up to a height of six or eight
+feet, and a roof is built over the whole, making a little house of the
+curb. The fourth side is left open, except for two or three feet at the
+bottom. In these old wells two buckets were often used. They were
+attached to a rope which ran over a wheel suspended from the roof of the
+well house. When a bucket was drawn up it was often rested on the low
+curb in front, while people drank from it.
+
+[13-9] _Blushing goblet_ alludes to wine or some other liquor that has a
+reddish color.
+
+[13-10] Nectar was the drink of the old Greek gods, of whom Jupiter was
+the chief.
+
+[13-11] _Situation_ and _plantation_ do not rhyme well, and _situation_
+is scarcely the right word to use. _Location_ would be better, so far as
+the meaning is concerned.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+BANNOCKBURN
+
+ROBERT BRUCE'S ADDRESS TO HIS ARMY
+
+_By_ ROBERT BURNS
+
+
+    Scots, wha hae wi' Wallace bled;
+    Scots, wham Bruce has aften led;
+    Welcome to your gory bed,
+      Or to glorious victorie!
+
+    Now's the day and now's the hour--
+    See the front o' battle lour;
+    See approach proud Edward's power--
+      Edward! chains and slaverie!
+
+    Wha will be a traitor knave?
+    Wha can fill a coward's grave?
+    Wha sae base as be a slave?
+      Traitor! coward! turn and flee!
+
+    Wha for Scotland's king and law
+    Freedom's sword will strongly draw!
+    Freeman stand or freeman fa',
+      Caledonian! on wi' me!
+
+    By oppression's woes and pains!
+    By our sons in servile chains!
+    We will drain our dearest veins,
+      But they shall be--shall be free!
+
+    Lay the proud usurpers low!
+    Tyrants fall in every foe!
+    Liberty's in every blow!
+      Forward! let us do or die!
+
+
+     On pages 2, and 13, of this volume we talked about the different
+     meters in which poetry is written. In iambic poetry each foot
+     contains two syllables, the second of which is accented. There is
+     another kind of foot composed of two syllables. In this the accent
+     falls on the first syllable. _Bannockburn_ gives examples of this.
+     To illustrate, we will rewrite the first stanza, using the words in
+     their English form, and mark off the feet and the accent:
+
+       Scots´, who | have´ with | Wal´-lace | bled´,
+         Scots´, whom | Bruce´ has | of´-ten | led´;
+       Wel´-come | to´ your | go´-ry | bed´,
+         Or´ to | glo´rious | vic´-to | ry´.
+
+     Each one of these lines ends with an accented syllable, but that
+     may be disregarded in studying the feet. This foot is called the
+     _trochee_, and it will help you to remember it if you will think
+     that the word _tro´chee_ has two syllables and is accented on the
+     first. This poem, then, is in _trochaic trimeter_, with added
+     accented syllables at the ends of the lines. Read the other stanzas
+     carefully, throwing the accent prominently on the first syllable of
+     each foot.
+
+     When you read to bring out the meter of a poem you are said to be
+     _scanning_ it. When you are in the habit of scanning poetry you
+     will find that you can do it very nicely and without spoiling the
+     sound. At first you will probably accent the syllables too
+     strongly, and then people will say that you are reading in a
+     _sing-song_ way, a thing to be avoided. Of course you will
+     understand that the only way to bring out the meter of a poem is to
+     read it aloud, but after you have become familiar with the various
+     meters and have read aloud a great deal, you will be conscious of
+     the rhythm when you read to yourself. It is this consciousness of
+     rhythm that gives much of the enjoyment to those who love poetry,
+     even when they do not read it aloud.
+
+
+
+
+BOAT SONG
+
+_From_ LADY OF THE LAKE
+
+_By_ SIR WALTER SCOTT
+
+
+    Hail to the Chief who in triumph advances!
+      Honored and blest be the evergreen pine!
+    Long may the tree, in his banner that glances,
+      Flourish, the shelter and grace of our line!
+          Heaven send it happy dew,
+          Earth lend it sap anew,
+      Gayly to bourgeon, and broadly to grow,
+          While every Highland glen
+          Sends our shout back again,
+      "Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!"
+
+    Ours is no sapling, chance sown by the fountain,
+      Blooming at Beltane, in winter to fade;
+    When the whirlwind has stripped every leaf on the mountain
+      The more shall Clan Alpine exult in her shade.
+          Moored in the rifted rock,
+          Proof to the tempest's shock,
+      Firmer he roots him the ruder it blow:
+        Menteith and Breadalbane, then
+          Echo his praise again,
+      "Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!"
+
+    Proudly our pibroch has thrilled in Glen Fruin,
+      And Bannochar's groans to our slogan replied;
+    Glen Luss and Ross-dhu, they are smoking in ruin,
+      And the best of Loch-Lomond lie dead on her side.
+          Widow and Saxon maid
+          Long shall lament our raid,
+      Think of Clan Alpine with fear and with woe;
+          Lennox and Leven-glen
+          Shake when they hear again,
+      "Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!"
+
+    Row, vassals, row for the pride of the Highlands!
+      Stretch to your oars for the evergreen pine!
+    O that the rosebud that graces yon islands
+      Were wreathed in a garland around him to twine!
+          O that some seedling gem,
+          Worthy such noble stem,
+      Honored and blessed in their shadow might grow!
+          Loud should Clan Alpine then
+          Ring from her deepmost glen,
+      "Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!"
+
+
+     The last of the common feet which we shall have to consider in
+     reading English poetry is called _dactyl_. This foot consists of
+     three syllables, the first of which is accented. Scott's _Boat
+     Song_ is a very fine example of _dactylic tetrameter_, in which the
+     last foot consists either of a _trochee_ (see page 16) or of a
+     single accented syllable. In every stanza there are four short
+     lines of _dactylic dimeter_. Study the four lines which we have
+     divided for you below:
+
+       Hail´ to the | chief´ who in | tri´umph ad|van´ces!
+         Hon´ored and | blest´ be the | ev´er green | pine!´
+       Long´ may the | tree´, in his | ban´ner that | glan´ces,
+         Flou´rish, the | shel´ter and | grace´ of our | line.´
+
+     This is one of the finest meters in which poetry may be written,
+     and one which you will learn to recognize and like whenever you see
+     it.
+
+     To assist you in remembering what we have said on this subject in
+     the four poems we have studied, we will give this brief outline:
+
+     Poetic feet
+
+     1. Consisting of two syllables:
+         _Iambic_, when the second syllable is accented.
+            Example: I wan´|dered lone|ly as´| a cloud´.
+         _Trochaic_, when the first syllable is accented.
+            Example: Scots´, who | have´ with | Wal´lace | bled´.
+
+     2. Consisting of three syllables:
+         _Anapestic_, when the third syllable is accented.
+            Example: How dear´ | to my heart´ | are the scenes´ | of my
+                     child´|hood.
+         _Dactylic_, when the first syllable is accented.
+            Example: Hail´ to the | chief´ who in | tri´umph ad|van´ces.
+
+     There are two other feet which are found occasionally in English
+     poetry, namely the _spondee_, which has two accented syllables, and
+     the _amphilbrach_, which consists of three syllables with the
+     accent on the middle one.
+
+     Of course it is not necessary for you to know the names of these
+     different feet in order to enjoy poetry, but it is interesting
+     information. What you must do is to notice whenever you read poetry
+     the kind of feet that compose the lines and how many there are in
+     the line. After a while this becomes second nature to you, and
+     while you may not really pause to think about it at any time, yet
+     you are always conscious of the rhythm and remember that it is
+     produced by a fixed arrangement of the accented syllables. If you
+     would look over the poems in these volumes, beginning even with the
+     nursery rhymes, it would not take you long to become familiar with
+     all the different forms.
+
+     While study of this kind may seem tiresome at first, you will soon
+     find that you are making progress and will really enjoy it, and you
+     will never be sorry that you took the time when you were young to
+     learn to understand the structure of poetry.
+
+
+
+
+THE GOVERNOR AND THE NOTARY
+
+_By_ WASHINGTON IRVING
+
+
+In former times there ruled, as governor of the Alhambra[20-1], a
+doughty old cavalier, who, from having lost one arm in the wars, was
+commonly known by the name of El Gobernador Manco, or the one-armed
+governor. He in fact prided himself upon being an old soldier, wore his
+mustachios curled up to his eyes, a pair of campaigning boots, and a
+toledo[20-2] as long as a spit, with his pocket handkerchief in the
+basket-hilt.
+
+He was, moreover, exceedingly proud and punctilious, and tenacious of
+all his privileges and dignities. Under his sway, the immunities of the
+Alhambra, as a royal residence and domain, were rigidly exacted. No one
+was permitted to enter the fortress with firearms, or even with a sword
+or staff, unless he were of a certain rank, and every horseman was
+obliged to dismount at the gate and lead his horse by the bridle. Now,
+as the hill of the Alhambra rises from the very midst of the city of
+Granada, being, as it were, an excrescence of the capital, it must at
+all times be somewhat irksome to the captain-general, who commands the
+province, to have thus an _imperium in imperio_,[21-3] a petty,
+independent post in the very core of his domains. It was rendered the
+more galling in the present instance, from the irritable jealousy of the
+old governor, that took fire on the least question of authority and
+jurisdiction, and from the loose, vagrant character of the people that
+had gradually nestled themselves within the fortress as in a sanctuary,
+and from thence carried on a system of roguery and depredation at the
+expense of the honest inhabitants of the city. Thus there was a
+perpetual feud and heart-burning between the captain-general and the
+governor; the more virulent on the part of the latter, inasmuch as the
+smallest of two neighboring potentates is always the most captious about
+his dignity. The stately palace of the captain-general stood in the
+Plaza Nueva, immediately at the foot of the hill of the Alhambra, and
+here was always a bustle and parade of guards, and domestics, and city
+functionaries. A beetling bastion of the fortress overlooked the palace
+and the public square in front of it; and on this bastion the old
+governor would occasionally strut backward and forward, with his toledo
+girded by his side, keeping a wary eye down upon his rival, like a hawk
+reconnoitering his quarry from his nest in a dry tree.
+
+Whenever he descended into the city it was in grand parade, on
+horseback, surrounded by his guards, or in his state coach, an ancient
+and unwieldy Spanish edifice of carved timber and gilt leather, drawn
+by eight mules, with running footmen, outriders, and lackeys, on which
+occasions he flattered himself he impressed every beholder with awe and
+admiration as vicegerent of the king, though the wits of Granada were
+apt to sneer at his petty parade, and, in allusion to the vagrant
+character of his subjects, to greet him with the appellation of "the
+king of the beggars."
+
+One of the most fruitful sources of dispute between these two doughty
+rivals was the right claimed by the governor to have all things passed
+free of duty through the city, that were intended for the use of himself
+or his garrison. By degrees, this privilege had given rise to extensive
+smuggling. A nest of contrabandistas[22-4] took up their abode in the
+hovels of the fortress and the numerous caves in its vicinity, and drove
+a thriving business under the connivance of the soldiers of the
+garrison.
+
+The vigilance of the captain-general was aroused. He consulted his legal
+adviser and factotum, a shrewd, meddlesome Escribano or notary, who
+rejoiced in an opportunity of perplexing the old potentate of the
+Alhambra, and involving him in a maze of legal subtilities. He advised
+the captain-general to insist upon the right of examining every convoy
+passing through the gates of his city, and he penned a long letter for
+him, in vindication of the right. Governor Manco was a straightforward,
+cut-and-thrust old soldier, who hated an Escribano worse than the devil,
+and this one in particular, worse than all other Escribanoes.
+
+"What!" said he, curling up his mustachios fiercely, "does the
+captain-general set this man of the pen to practice confusions upon me?
+I'll let him see that an old soldier is not to be baffled by
+schoolcraft."
+
+He seized his pen, and scrawled a short letter in a crabbed hand, in
+which he insisted on the right of transit free of search, and denounced
+vengeance on any custom-house officer who should lay his unhallowed hand
+on any convoy protected by the flag of the Alhambra.
+
+While this question was agitated between the two pragmatical potentates,
+it so happened that a mule laden with supplies for the fortress arrived
+one day at the gate of Xenil, by which it was to traverse a suburb of
+the city on its way to the Alhambra. The convoy was headed by a testy
+old corporal, who had long served under the governor, and was a man
+after his own heart--as trusty and stanch as an old Toledo blade. As
+they approached the gate of the city, the corporal placed the banner of
+the Alhambra on the pack saddle of the mule, and drawing himself up to a
+perfect perpendicular, advanced with his head dressed to the front, but
+with the wary side glance of a cur passing through hostile grounds, and
+ready for a snap and a snarl.
+
+"Who goes there?" said the sentinel at the gate.
+
+"Soldier of the Alhambra," said the corporal, without turning his head.
+
+"What have you in charge?"
+
+"Provisions for the garrison."
+
+"Proceed."
+
+The corporal marched straight forward, followed by the convoy, but had
+not advanced many paces before a posse of custom-house officers rushed
+out of a small toll-house.
+
+"Halloo there!" cried the leader. "Muleteer, halt and open those
+packages."
+
+The corporal wheeled round, and drew himself up in battle array.
+"Respect the flag of the Alhambra," said he; "these things are for the
+governor."
+
+"A fig for the governor, and a fig for his flag. Muleteer, halt, I say."
+
+"Stop the convoy at your peril!" cried the corporal, cocking his musket.
+"Muleteer, proceed."
+
+The muleteer gave his beast a hearty thwack, the custom-house officer
+sprang forward and seized the halter; whereupon the corporal leveled his
+piece and shot him dead.
+
+The street was immediately in an uproar. The old corporal was seized,
+and after undergoing sundry kicks and cuffs, and cudgelings, which are
+generally given impromptu by the mob in Spain, as a foretaste of the
+after penalties of the law, he was loaded with irons, and conducted to
+the city prison; while his comrades were permitted to proceed with the
+convoy, after it had been well rummaged, to the Alhambra.
+
+The old governor was in a towering passion, when he heard of this insult
+to his flag and capture of his corporal. For a time he stormed about the
+Moorish halls, and vapored about the bastions, and looked down fire and
+sword upon the palace of the captain-general. Having vented the first
+ebullition of his wrath, he dispatched a message demanding the surrender
+of the corporal, as to him alone belonged the right of sitting in
+judgment on the offenses of those under his command. The
+captain-general, aided by the pen of the delighted Escribano, replied at
+great length, arguing that as the offense had been committed within the
+walls of his city, and against one of his civil officers, it was clearly
+within his proper jurisdiction. The governor rejoined by a repetition of
+his demand; the captain-general gave a surrejoinder of still greater
+length, and legal acumen; the governor became hotter and more peremptory
+in his demands, and the captain-general cooler and more copious in his
+replies; until the old lion-hearted soldier absolutely roared with fury
+at being thus entangled in the meshes of legal controversy.
+
+While the subtle Escribano was thus amusing himself at the expense of
+the governor, he was conducting the trial of the corporal; who, mewed up
+in a narrow dungeon of the prison, had merely a small grated window at
+which to show his iron-bound visage, and receive the consolations of his
+friends; a mountain of written testimony was diligently heaped up,
+according to Spanish form, by the indefatigable Escribano; the corporal
+was completely overwhelmed by it. He was convicted of murder, and
+sentenced to be hanged.
+
+It was in vain the governor sent down remonstrance and menace from the
+Alhambra. The fatal day was at hand, and the corporal was put _in
+capilla_, that is to say, in the chapel of the prison; as is always done
+with culprits the day before execution, that they may meditate on their
+approaching end and repent them of their sins.
+
+Seeing things drawing to an extremity, the old governor determined to
+attend to the affair in person. He ordered out his carriage of state
+and, surrounded by his guards, rumbled down the avenue of the Alhambra
+into the city. Driving to the house of the Escribano, he summoned him to
+the portal.
+
+The eye of the old governor gleamed like a coal at beholding the
+smirking man of the law advancing with an air of exultation.
+
+[Illustration: THE NOTARY ENTERS THE CARRIAGE]
+
+"What is this I hear," cried he, "that you are about to put to death one
+of my soldiers?"
+
+"All according to law--all in strict form of justice," said the
+self-sufficient Escribano, chuckling and rubbing his hands. "I can show
+your excellency the written testimony in the case."
+
+"Fetch it hither," said the governor.
+
+The Escribano bustled into his office, delighted with having another
+opportunity of displaying his ingenuity at the expense of the
+hard-headed veteran. He returned with a satchel full of papers, and
+began to read a long deposition with professional volubility. By this
+time a crowd had collected, listening with outstretched necks and gaping
+mouths.
+
+"Prithee man, get into the carriage out of this pestilent throng, that I
+may the better hear thee," said the governor. The Escribano entered the
+carriage, when in a twinkling the door was closed, the coachman smacked
+his whip, mules, carriage, guards, and all dashed off at a thundering
+rate, leaving the crowd in gaping wonderment, nor did the governor pause
+until he had lodged his prey in one of the strongest dungeons of the
+Alhambra.
+
+He then sent down a flag of truce in military style, proposing a cartel
+or exchange of prisoners, the corporal for the notary. The pride of the
+captain-general was piqued, he returned a contemptuous refusal, and
+forthwith caused a gallows, tall and strong, to be erected in the center
+of the Plaza Nueva, for the execution of the corporal.
+
+"Oho! is that the game?" said Governor Manco; he gave orders, and
+immediately a gibbet was reared on the verge of the great beetling
+bastion that overlooked the Plaza. "Now," said he, in a message to the
+captain-general, "hang my soldier when you please; but at the same time
+that he is swung off in the square, look up to see your Escribano
+dangling against the sky."
+
+The captain-general was inflexible; troops were paraded in the square;
+the drums beat; the bell tolled; an immense multitude of amateurs had
+collected to behold the execution; on the other hand, the governor
+paraded his garrison on the bastion, and tolled the funeral dirge of the
+notary from the Torre de la Campana, or tower of the bell.
+
+The notary's wife pressed through the crowd with a whole progeny of
+little embryo Escribanoes at her heels, and throwing herself at the feet
+of the captain-general implored him not to sacrifice the life of her
+husband and the welfare of herself and her numerous little ones to a
+point of pride.
+
+The captain-general was overpowered by her tears and lamentations, and
+the clamors of her callow brood. The corporal was sent up to the
+Alhambra under a guard, in his gallows garb, like a hooded friar; but
+with head erect and a face of iron. The Escribano was demanded in
+exchange, according to the cartel. The once bustling and self-sufficient
+man of the law was drawn forth from his dungeon, more dead than alive.
+All his flippancy and conceit had evaporated; his hair, it is said, had
+nearly turned gray with fright, and he had a downcast, dogged look, as
+if he still felt the halter round his neck.
+
+The old governor stuck his one arm akimbo, and for a moment surveyed him
+with an iron smile. "Henceforth, my friend," said he, "moderate your
+zeal in hurrying others to the gallows; be not too certain of your own
+safety, even though you should have the law on your side; and, above
+all, take care how you play off your schoolcraft another time upon an
+old soldier."
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[20-1] The Alhambra was the fortified palace, or citadel, of the Moorish
+kings when they reigned over Granada, in Spain. It was built in the
+thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and is one of the most beautiful
+examples of Moorish architecture.
+
+[20-2] A toledo is a sword having a blade made at Toledo, in Spain, a
+place famous for blades of remarkably fine temper and great elasticity.
+
+[21-3] _Imperium in imperio_ is a Latin phrase meaning a _government
+within a government_.
+
+[22-4] _Contrabandista_ is a Spanish name for a smuggler.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER[29-*]
+
+_By_ SAMUEL T. COLERIDGE
+
+
+    PART I
+
+    It is an ancient Mariner,
+    And he stoppeth one of three.
+    "By thy long gray beard and glittering eye,
+    Now wherefore stopp'st thou me?
+
+    "The Bridegroom's doors are opened wide,
+    And I am next of kin;
+    The guests are met, the feast is set:
+    May'st hear the merry din."
+
+    He holds him with a skinny hand.
+    "There was a ship," quoth he.
+    "Hold off! unhand me, gray-beard loon!"
+    Eftsoons[30-1] his hand dropt he.
+
+    He holds him with his glittering eye--
+    The Wedding-guest stood still,
+    And listens like a three years' child:
+    The Mariner hath his will.
+
+    The Wedding-guest sat on a stone:
+    He cannot choose but hear;
+    And thus spake on that ancient man,
+    The bright-eyed Mariner:[30-2]--
+
+    "The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared,
+    Merrily did we drop
+    Below the kirk, below the hill,
+    Below the lighthouse top.
+
+    "The sun came up upon the left,[30-3]
+    Out of the sea came he!
+    And he shone bright, and on the right
+    Went down into the sea.
+
+    "Higher and higher every day,
+    Till over the mast at noon--"[30-4]
+    The Wedding-guest here beat his breast,
+    For he heard the loud bassoon.
+
+    The bride hath paced into the hall,
+    Red as a rose is she;
+    Nodding their heads before her goes
+    The merry minstrelsy.
+
+    The Wedding-guest he beat his breast,
+    Yet he cannot choose but hear;
+    And thus spake on that ancient man,
+    The bright-eyed Mariner:--
+
+    "And now the storm-blast came, and he
+    Was tyrannous and strong;
+    He struck with his o'ertaking wings,
+    And chased us south along.
+
+    "With sloping masts and dipping prow,
+    As who[31-5] pursued with yell and blow
+    Still treads the shadow of his foe[31-6],
+    And forward bends his head,
+    The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast,
+    And southward aye we fled.
+
+    "And now there came both mist and snow,
+    And it grew wondrous cold:
+    And ice, mast-high, came floating by,
+    As green as emerald.[32-7]
+
+    "And through the drifts, the snowy clifts[32-8]
+    Did send a dismal sheen:
+    Nor shapes of men nor beasts we ken--
+    The ice was all between.
+
+    "The ice was here, the ice was there,
+    The ice was all around:
+    It cracked and growled, and roared and howled,
+    Like noises in a swound![32-9]
+
+    "At length did cross an Albatross,
+    Thorough[32-10] the fog it came;
+    As if it had been a Christian soul,
+    We hailed it in God's name.[32-11]
+
+    "It ate the food it ne'er had eat,
+    And round and round it flew.
+    The ice did split with a thunder-fit;
+    The helmsman steered us through.
+
+[Illustration: I SHOT THE ALBATROSS]
+
+    "And a good south wind sprung up behind;[34-12]
+    The Albatross did follow,
+    And every day, for food or play,
+    Came to the mariner's hollo!
+
+    "In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud,
+    It perched for vespers nine;
+    Whiles all the night, through fog-smoke white,
+    Glimmered the white moonshine."
+
+    "God save thee, ancient Mariner,
+    From the fiends that plague thee thus!--
+    Why look'st thou so?"--"With my cross-bow
+    I shot the Albatross."
+
+
+    PART II
+
+    "The Sun now rose upon the right:[34-13]
+    Out of the sea came he,
+    Still hid in mist, and on the left
+    Went down into the sea.
+
+    "And the good south wind still blew behind,
+    But no sweet bird did follow,
+    Nor any day for food or play
+    Came to the mariner's hollo!
+
+    "And I had done a hellish thing,
+    And it would work 'em woe:
+    For all averred I had killed the bird
+    That made the breeze to blow,--
+    Ah wretch! said they, the bird to slay,
+    That made the breeze to blow.
+
+    "Nor dim, nor red, like God's own head,
+    The glorious Sun uprist:[35-14]
+    Then all averred I had killed the bird
+    That brought the fog and mist.
+    'Twas right, said they, such birds to slay,
+    That bring the fog and mist.[35-15]
+
+    "The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
+    The furrow followed free;[35-16]
+    We were the first that ever burst
+    Into that silent sea.
+
+    "Down dropt the breeze, the sails dropt down,
+    'Twas sad as sad could be;
+    And we did speak only to break
+    The silence of the sea!
+
+    "All in a hot and copper sky,
+    The bloody Sun, at noon,
+    Right up above the mast did stand,[35-17]
+    No bigger than the Moon.[35-18]
+
+    "Day after day, day after day,
+    We stuck, nor breath nor motion;
+    As idle as a painted ship
+    Upon a painted ocean.
+
+    "Water, water, everywhere,
+    And all the boards did shrink;
+    Water, water, everywhere,
+    Nor any drop to drink.
+
+    "The very deep did rot: O Christ!
+    That ever this should be!
+    Yea, slimy things did crawl with legs
+    Upon the slimy sea.
+
+    "About, about, in reel and rout[36-19]
+    The death-fires[36-20] danced at night;
+    The water, like a witch's oils,
+    Burnt green, and blue, and white.
+
+    "And some in dreams assurèd were
+    Of the Spirit that plagued us so;
+    Nine fathom deep he had followed us
+    From the land of mist and snow.
+
+    "And every tongue, through utter drought,
+    Was withered at the root;
+    We could not speak, no more than if
+    We had been choked with soot.
+
+    "Ah! well a day! what evil looks
+    Had I from old and young!
+    Instead of the cross, the Albatross
+    About my neck was hung.[36-21]
+
+
+    PART III
+
+    "There passed a weary time. Each throat
+    Was parched, and glazed each eye.
+    A weary time! a weary time!
+    How glazed each weary eye!
+    When looking westward, I beheld
+    A something in the sky.
+
+    "At first it seemed a little speck,
+    And then it seemed a mist:
+    It moved and moved, and took at last
+    A certain shape, I wist.[37-22]
+
+    "A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist!
+    And still it neared and neared:
+    As if it dodged a water-sprite,
+    It plunged, and tacked, and veered.
+
+    "With throats unslaked, with black lips baked
+    We could not laugh nor wail;
+    Through utter drought all dumb we stood!
+    I bit my arm, I sucked the blood,
+    And cried, A sail! a sail!
+
+    "With throats unslaked, with black lips baked,
+    Agape they heard me call:
+    Gramercy![37-23] they for joy did grin,[37-24]
+    And all at once their breath drew in,
+    As they were drinking all.
+
+[Illustration: AND STRAIGHT THE SUN WAS FLECKED WITH BARS]
+
+    "See! see! (I cried) she tacks no more!
+    Hither to work us weal;
+    Without a breeze, without a tide,
+    She steadies with upright keel!
+
+    "The western wave was all a-flame,
+    The day was well-nigh done!
+    Almost upon the western wave
+    Rested the broad, bright Sun;
+    When that strange shape drove suddenly
+    Betwixt us and the Sun.
+
+    "And straight the Sun was flecked with bars,
+    (Heaven's Mother send us grace!)
+    As if through a dungeon grate he peered
+    With broad and burning face.
+
+    "Alas! (thought I, and my heart beat loud)
+    How fast she nears and nears!
+    Are those her sails that glance in the Sun,
+    Like restless gossameres?[39-25]
+
+    "Are those her ribs through which the Sun
+    Did peer, as through a grate?
+    And is that Woman all her crew?
+    Is that a Death? and are there two?
+    Is Death that Woman's mate?
+
+    "Her lips were red, her looks were free,
+    Her locks were yellow as gold:
+    Her skin was as white as leprosy,
+    The Night-mare Life-in-Death was she,
+    Who thicks man's blood with cold.
+
+    "The naked hulk alongside came,
+    And the twain were casting dice;
+    'The game is done! I've won, I've won!'[39-26]
+    Quoth she, and whistles thrice.
+
+    "The Sun's rim dips: the stars rush out:
+    At one stride comes the dark;[40-27]
+    With far-heard whisper, o'er the sea,
+    Off shot the spectre-bark.
+
+    "We listened and looked sideways up!
+    Fear at my heart, as at a cup,
+    My life-blood seemed to sip!
+    The stars were dim, and thick the night,
+    The steersman's face by his lamp gleamed white;
+    From the sails the dew did drip--
+    Till clomb[40-28] above the eastern bar
+    The hornèd Moon,[40-29] with one bright star
+    Within the nether tip.
+
+    "One after one, by the star-dogged Moon,
+    Too quick for groan or sigh,
+    Each turned his face with a ghastly pang,
+    And cursed me with his eye.
+
+    "Four times fifty living men,
+    (And I heard nor sigh nor groan)
+    With heavy thump, a lifeless lump,
+    They dropped down one by one.
+
+    "The souls did from their bodies fly,--
+    They fled to bliss or woe!
+    And every soul, it passed me by,
+    Like the whiz of my cross-bow!"
+
+
+    PART IV
+
+    "I fear thee, ancient Mariner!
+    I fear thy skinny hand!
+    And thou art long, and lank and brown.
+    As is the ribbed sea-sand.[41-30]
+
+    "I fear thee and thy glittering eye,
+    And thy skinny hand so brown."
+    "Fear not, fear not, thou Wedding-guest!
+    This body dropt not down.
+
+    "Alone, alone, all, all alone,
+    Alone on a wide, wide sea!
+    And never a saint took pity on
+    My soul in agony.
+
+    "The many men, so beautiful!
+    And they all dead did lie:
+    And a thousand, thousand slimy things
+    Lived on; and so did I.
+
+    "I looked upon the rotting sea,
+    And drew my eyes away;
+    I looked upon the rotting deck,
+    And there the dead men lay.
+
+    "I looked to heaven, and tried to pray
+    But or ever a prayer had gusht,
+    A wicked whisper came, and made
+    My heart as dry as dust.
+
+    "I closed my lids, and kept them close,
+    And the balls like pulses beat;
+    For the sky and the sea, and the sea and the sky,[42-31]
+    Lay like a load on my weary eye,
+    And the dead were at my feet.
+
+    "The cold sweat melted from their limbs,
+    Nor rot nor reek did they:
+    The look with which they looked on me
+    Had never passed away.
+
+[Illustration: I WATCHED THE WATER-SNAKES]
+
+    "An orphan's curse would drag to hell
+    A spirit from on high;
+    But oh! more horrible than that
+    Is the curse in a dead man's eye!
+    Seven days, seven nights, I saw that curse,
+    And yet I could not die.
+
+    "The moving Moon went up the sky,
+    And nowhere did abide:
+    Softly she was going up,
+    And a star or two beside--
+
+    "Her beams bemock'd the sultry main,
+    Like April hoar-frost spread;
+    But where the ship's huge shadow lay,
+    The charmèd water burnt alway
+    A still and awful red.
+
+    "Beyond the shadow of the ship,
+    I watched the water-snakes:
+    They moved in tracks of shining white,
+    And when they reared, the elfish light
+    Fell off in hoary flakes.
+
+    "Within the shadow of the ship
+    I watched their rich attire:
+    Blue, glossy green, and velvet black,
+    They coiled and swam; and every track
+    Was a flash of golden fire.
+
+    "O happy living things! no tongue
+    Their beauty might declare:
+    A spring of love gushed from my heart,
+    And I blessed them unaware:
+    Sure my kind saint took pity on me,
+    And I blessed them unaware.[43-32]
+
+    "The selfsame moment I could pray;
+    And from my neck so free
+    The Albatross fell off, and sank
+    Like lead into the sea."
+
+
+    PART V
+
+    "O sleep! it is a gentle thing,
+    Beloved from pole to pole!
+    To Mary Queen the praise be given!
+    She sent the gentle sleep from heaven,
+    That slid into my soul.
+
+    "The silly[44-33] buckets on the deck,
+    That had so long remained,
+    I dreamt that they were filled with dew;
+    And when I awoke, it rained.
+
+    "My lips were wet, my throat was cold,
+    My garments all were dank;
+    Sure I had drunken in my dreams,
+    And still my body drank.
+
+    "I moved, and could not feel my limbs:
+    I was so light--almost
+    I thought that I had died in sleep,
+    And was a blessèd ghost.
+
+    "And soon I heard a roaring wind:
+    It did not come anear;
+    But with its sound it shook the sails,
+    That were so thin and sere.
+
+    "The upper air burst into life!
+    And a hundred fire-flags sheen,[44-34]
+    To and fro they were hurried about!
+    And to and fro, and in and out,
+    The wan stars danced between.
+
+    "And the coming wind did roar more loud,
+    And the sails did sigh like sedge:[45-35]
+    And the rain poured down from one black cloud:
+    The Moon was at its edge.
+
+[Illustration: THEY GROANED, THEY STIRRED, THEY ALL UPROSE]
+
+    "The thick black cloud was cleft, and still
+    The Moon was at its side:
+    Like waters shot from some high crag,
+    The lightning fell with never a jag,
+    A river steep and wide.
+
+    "The loud wind never reached the ship,
+    Yet now the ship moved on!
+    Beneath the lightning and the Moon
+    The dead men gave a groan.
+
+    "They groaned, they stirred, they all uprose,
+    Nor spake, nor moved their eyes;
+    It had been strange, even in a dream,
+    To have seen those dead men rise.
+
+    "The helmsman steered; the ship moved on;
+    Yet never a breeze up blew;
+    The mariners all 'gan work the ropes,
+    Where they were wont to do;
+    They raised their limbs like lifeless tools--
+    We were a ghastly crew.
+
+    "The body of my brother's son
+    Stood by me, knee to knee:
+    The body and I pulled at one rope,
+    But he said naught to me."
+
+    "I fear thee, ancient Mariner!"
+    "Be calm, thou Wedding-guest!
+    'Twas not those souls that fled in pain,
+    Which to their corses came again,
+    But a troop of spirits blest:
+
+    "For when it dawned--they dropped their arms,
+    And clustered round the mast;
+    Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths,
+    And from their bodies passed.
+
+    "Around, around, flew each sweet sound,
+    Then darted to the Sun;
+    Slowly the sounds came back again,
+    Now mixed, now one by one.
+
+    "Sometimes a-drooping from the sky
+    I heard the sky-lark sing;
+    Sometimes all little birds that are,
+    How they seemed to fill the sea and air
+    With their sweet jargoning!
+
+    "And now 'twas like all instruments,
+    Now like a lonely flute;
+    And now it is an angel's song,
+    That makes the heavens be mute.
+
+    "It ceased; yet still the sails made on
+    A pleasant noise till noon,
+    A noise like of a hidden brook
+    In the leafy month of June,
+    That to the sleeping woods all night
+    Singeth a quiet tune.
+
+    "Till noon we quietly sailed on,
+    Yet never a breeze did breathe:
+    Slowly and smoothly went the ship,
+    Moved onward from beneath.
+
+    "Under the keel nine fathom deep,
+    From the land of mist and snow,
+    The spirit slid: and it was he
+    That made the ship to go.
+    The sails at noon left off their tune,
+    And the ship stood still also.
+
+    "The Sun, right up above the mast,
+    Had fixed her to the ocean:
+    But in a minute she 'gan stir,
+    With a short, uneasy motion--
+    Backwards and forwards half her length
+    With a short, uneasy motion.
+
+    "Then like a pawing horse let go,
+    She made a sudden bound:
+    It flung the blood into my head,
+    And I fell down in a swound.
+
+    "How long in that same fit I lay,
+    I have not to declare;
+    But ere my living life returned,
+    I heard, and in my soul discerned,
+    Two voices in the air.
+
+    "'Is it he?' quoth one, 'Is this the man?
+    By him who died on cross,
+    With his cruel bow he laid full low
+    The harmless Albatross.
+
+    "'The spirit who bideth by himself
+    In the land of mist and snow,
+    He loved the bird that loved the man
+    Who shot him with his bow.'
+
+    "The other was a softer voice,
+    As soft as honey-dew:
+    Quoth he, 'The man hath penance done,
+    And penance more will do.'"
+
+[Illustration: SLOWLY AND SMOOTHLY WENT THE SHIP]
+
+
+    PART VI
+
+    _First Voice_
+
+    "'But tell me, tell me! speak again,
+    Thy soft response renewing--
+    What makes that ship drive on so fast?
+    What is the ocean doing?'
+
+    _Second Voice_
+
+    "'Still as a slave before his lord,
+    The ocean hath no blast;
+    His great bright eye most silently
+    Up to the Moon is cast--
+
+    "'If he may know which way to go;
+    For she guides him smooth or grim.
+    See, brother, see! how graciously
+    She looketh down on him.'
+
+    _First Voice_
+
+    "'But why drives on that ship so fast,
+    Without or wave or wind?'[49-36]
+
+    _Second Voice_
+
+    "'The air is cut away before,
+    And closes from behind.
+
+    "'Fly, brother, fly! more high, more high!
+    Or we shall be belated:
+    For slow and slow that ship will go,
+    When the mariner's trance is abated.'
+
+    "I woke, and we were sailing on
+    As in a gentle weather:
+    'Twas night, calm night, the Moon was high;
+    The dead men stood together.
+
+    "All stood together on the deck,
+    For a charnel-dungeon[50-37] fitter:
+    All fixed on me their stony eyes,
+    That in the Moon did glitter.
+
+    "The pang, the curse, with which they died,
+    Had never passed away:
+    I could not draw my eyes from theirs,
+    Nor turn them up to pray.
+
+    "And now this spell was snapt:[50-38] once more
+    I viewed the ocean green,
+    And looked far forth, yet little saw
+    Of what had else been seen--
+
+    "Like one, that on a lonesome road
+    Doth walk in fear and dread,
+    And having once turned round walks on,
+    And turns no more his head;
+    Because he knows a frightful fiend
+    Doth close behind him tread.
+
+    "But soon there breathed a wind on me,
+    Nor sound nor motion made:
+    Its path was not upon the sea,
+    In ripple or in shade.
+
+    "It raised my hair, it fanned my cheek
+    Like a meadow-gale of spring--
+    It mingled strangely with my fears,
+    Yet it felt like a welcoming.
+
+    "Swiftly, swiftly flew the ship,
+    Yet she sailed softly too:
+    Sweetly, sweetly blew the breeze--
+    On me alone it blew.
+
+    "Oh! dream of joy! is this indeed
+    The lighthouse top I see?
+    Is this the hill? is this the kirk?
+    Is this mine own countree?
+
+    "We drifted o'er the harbour-bar,
+    And I with sobs did pray--
+    O let me be awake, my God!
+    Or let me sleep alway.
+
+    "The harbour-bay was clear as glass,
+    So smoothly it was strewn!
+    And on the bay the moonlight lay,
+    And the shadow of the Moon.
+
+    "The rock shone bright, the kirk no less,
+    That stands above the rock:
+    The moonlight steeped in silentness
+    The steady weathercock.
+
+    "And the bay was white with silent light,
+    Till, rising from the same,
+    Full many shapes, that shadows were,
+    In crimson colours came.
+
+    "A little distance from the prow
+    Those crimson shadows were:
+    I turned my eyes upon the deck--
+    O Christ! what saw I there!
+
+    "Each corse lay flat, lifeless and flat,
+    And, by the holy rood![52-39]
+    A man all light, a seraph-man,
+    On every corse there stood.
+
+    "This seraph-band, each waved his hand:
+    It was a heavenly sight!
+    They stood as signals to the land.
+    Each one a lovely light;
+
+    "This seraph-band, each waved his hand:
+    No voice did they impart--
+    No voice; but oh! the silence sank
+    Like music on my heart.[52-40]
+
+    "But soon I heard the dash of oars,
+    I heard the Pilot's cheer;
+    My head was turned perforce away,
+    And I saw a boat appear.
+
+    "The Pilot and the Pilot's boy,
+    I heard them coming fast:
+    Dear Lord in Heaven! it was a joy
+    The dead men could not blast.
+
+    "I saw a third--I heard his voice:
+    It is the Hermit good!
+    He singeth loud his godly hymns
+    That he makes in the wood.
+    He'll shrieve my soul, he'll wash away
+    The Albatross's blood."
+
+
+    PART VII
+
+    "This Hermit good lives in that wood
+    Which slopes down to the sea.
+    How loudly his sweet voice he rears!
+    He loves to talk with marineres
+    That come from a far countree.
+
+    "He kneels at morn, and noon, and eve--
+    He hath a cushion plump:
+    It is the moss that wholly hides
+    The rotted old oak-stump.
+
+    "The skiff-boat neared: I heard them talk,
+    'Why, this is strange, I trow!
+    Where are those lights so many and fair,
+    That signal made but now?'
+
+    "'Strange, by my faith!' the Hermit said--
+    'And they answered not our cheer.
+    The planks look warped! and see those sails,
+    How thin they are and sere!
+    I never saw aught like to them,
+    Unless perchance it were
+
+    "'Brown skeletons of leaves that lag
+    My forest-brook along;
+    When the ivy-tod[53-41] is heavy with snow,
+    And the owlet whoops to the wolf below,
+    That eats the she-wolf's young.'
+
+    "'Dear Lord! it hath a fiendish look!'
+    (The Pilot made reply)
+    'I am a-feared'--'Push on, push on!'
+    Said the Hermit cheerily.
+
+    "The boat came closer to the ship,
+    But I nor spake nor stirred;
+    The boat came close beneath the ship,
+    And straight a sound was heard.
+
+    "Under the water it rumbled on,
+    Still louder and more dread:
+    It reached the ship, it split the bay;
+    The ship went down like lead.
+
+    "Stunned by that loud and dreadful sound,
+    Which sky and ocean smote,
+    Like one that hath been seven days drowned
+    My body lay afloat;
+    But swift as dreams, myself I found
+    Within the Pilot's boat.
+
+    "Upon the whirl where sank the ship,
+    The boat spun round and round;
+    And all was still, save that the hill
+    Was telling of the sound.
+
+    "I moved my lips--the Pilot shrieked
+    And fell down in a fit;
+    The holy Hermit raised his eyes,
+    And prayed where he did sit.
+
+    "I took the oars: the Pilot's boy,
+    Who now doth crazy go,
+    Laughed loud and long, and all the while
+    His eyes went to and fro.
+    'Ha! ha!' quoth he, 'full plain I see,
+    The Devil knows how to row.'
+
+    "And now, all in my own countree,
+    I stood on the firm land!
+    The Hermit stepped forth from the boat,
+    And scarcely he could stand.
+
+[Illustration: 'O SHRIEVE ME, SHRIEVE ME, HOLY MAN']
+
+    "'O shrieve me, shrieve me, holy man!'
+    The Hermit crossed his brow.
+    'Say quick,' quoth he, 'I bid thee say--
+    What manner of man art thou?'
+
+    "Forthwith this frame of mine was wrenched
+    With a woeful agony,
+    Which forced me to begin my tale;
+    And then it left me free.
+
+    "Since then, at an uncertain hour,
+    That agony returns:
+    And till my ghastly tale is told,
+    This heart within me burns.
+
+    "I pass, like night, from land to land;
+    I have strange power of speech;
+    The moment that his face I see,
+    I know the man that must hear me:
+    To him my tale I teach.
+
+    "What loud uproar bursts from that door!
+    The wedding-guests are there:
+    But in the garden-bower the bride
+    And bridesmaids singing are:
+    And hark the little vesper bell,
+    Which biddeth me to prayer!
+
+    "O Wedding-guest! This soul hath been
+    Alone on a wide, wide sea:
+    So lonely 'twas, that God himself
+    Scarce seemed there to be.
+
+    "O sweeter than the marriage feast,
+    'Tis sweeter far to me,
+    To walk together to the kirk
+    With a goodly company!
+
+    "To walk together to the kirk,
+    And all together pray,
+    While each to his great Father bends,
+    Old men, and babes, and loving friends,
+    And youths and maidens gay!
+
+    "Farewell, farewell! but this I tell
+    To thee, thou Wedding-guest!
+    He prayeth well, who loveth well
+    Both man and bird and beast.
+
+    "He prayeth best, who loveth best
+    All things both great and small;
+    For the dear God who loveth us,
+    He made and loveth all."[57-42]
+
+    The Mariner, whose eye is bright,
+    Whose beard with age is hoar,
+    Is gone: and now the Wedding-guest
+    Turned from the bridegroom's door.
+
+    He went like one that hath been stunned,
+    And is of sense forlorn:
+    A sadder and a wiser man,
+    He rose the morrow morn.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[29-*] NOTE.--In 1798 there was published in England a little volume of
+poems known as _Lyrical Ballads_. This collection brought to its two
+young authors, Wordsworth and Coleridge, little immediate fame, but not
+long afterward people began to realize that much that was contained in
+the little book was real poetry, and great poetry. The chief
+contribution of Coleridge to this venture was _The Ancient Mariner_.
+
+The poem as originally printed had a series of quaintly explanatory
+notes in the margin, and an introductory argument which read as follows:
+
+"How a ship having passed the Line, was driven by storms to the cold
+Country towards the South Pole; and how from thence she made her course
+to the tropical latitudes of the great Pacific Ocean, and of the strange
+things that befell; and in what manner the Ancient Mariner came back to
+his own country."
+
+[30-1] _Eftsoons_ means _quickly_. The poem is written in ballad form,
+and many quaint old words are introduced.
+
+[30-2] Such rhymes as this--_Mariner_ with _hear_,--were common in the
+old ballads which Coleridge so perfectly imitates.
+
+[30-3] Does this line tell you anything about the direction in which
+they were sailing?
+
+[30-4] Where was the ship when the sun stood "over the mast at noon"?
+
+[31-5] Two words are to be understood in this line--"As _one_ who _is_
+pursued."
+
+[31-6] Is not this an effective line? Can you think of any way in which
+the closeness of the foe could be more effectively suggested?
+
+[32-7] Coleridge's wonderful power of painting word-pictures is shown in
+this and the succeeding stanzas. With the simplest language he makes us
+realize the absolute lonesomeness and desolateness of the scene: he
+produces in us something of the same feeling of awe and horror that we
+should have were we actually in the situation he describes.
+
+[32-8] _Clifts_ means _cleft rocks_.
+
+[32-9] "Like noises _one hears_ in a swound."
+
+[32-10] _Thorough_ is used here instead of _through_, as it often is in
+poetry, for the sake of the meter.
+
+[32-11] Besides the joy the sailors felt at seeing a living creature
+after the days in which they had seen "nor shapes of men nor beasts,"
+they had a special pleasure in welcoming the albatross because it was
+regarded as a bird of good omen.
+
+[34-12] Coleridge does not state that it was the albatross that brought
+the "good south wind:" he lets us infer it.
+
+[34-13] In what direction were they sailing now?
+
+[35-14] _Uprist_ is an old form for _uprose_.
+
+[35-15] It was this attitude of the sailors toward the mariner's brutal
+act of killing the bird that brought punishment upon them; they cared
+nothing for the death of the harmless bird, but only for its effect upon
+them.
+
+[35-16] Note the striking alliteration in these two lines. Read this
+stanza and the succeeding one aloud, and see how much easier it is to
+read these alliterative lines rapidly than it is any of the other six
+lines. Such relation of movement to meaning is one of the artistic
+things about the poem.
+
+[35-17] How far northward had the ship returned?
+
+[35-18] When such a definite picture is presented, close your eyes and
+try to see it. Did you ever see the sun when it seemed to have no
+radiance--when it was just a red circle?
+
+[36-19] A rout is a confused and whirling dance.
+
+[36-20] The death-fires are a sort of phosphorescent light, or
+will-o'-the-wisp, supposed to portend death.
+
+[36-21] The shipmates try in this manner to fasten all the guilt on the
+ancient mariner and mark him alone for punishment.
+
+[37-22] _Wist_ means _knew_.
+
+[37-23] _Gramercy_ is an exclamation derived from the French _grand
+merci_, which means _great thanks_.
+
+[37-24] In a comment on _The Ancient Mariner_ Coleridge says: "I took
+the thought of 'grinning for joy' from my companion's remark to me, when
+we had climbed to the top of Plinlimmon, and were nearly dead with
+thirst. We could not speak from the constriction, till we found a little
+puddle under a stone. He said to me: 'You grinned like an idiot.' He had
+done the same."
+
+[39-25] Gossameres are the cobweb-like films seen floating in the air in
+summer.
+
+[39-26] Death and Life-in-Death have been casting dice for the crew, as
+to whether they shall die, or live and suffer. Life-in-Death has won the
+ancient mariner.
+
+[40-27] This is Coleridge's beautiful way of telling us that in the
+tropics there is little or no twilight.
+
+[40-28] _Clomb_ is an old form of _climbed_.
+
+[40-29] That is, the waning moon. Did you ever see the moon "with one
+bright star within the nether tip"?
+
+[41-30] In his notes on the poem, Coleridge stated that the last two
+lines of this stanza were composed by Wordsworth.
+
+[42-31] Can you see any reason for the repetition in this line, and for
+the unusual length? Does it suggest the _load_ and the _weariness_ in
+the next line?
+
+[43-32] This is the turning point of the poem. As soon as the mariner
+felt in his heart love for the "happy living things," the spell which
+had been laid on him for the wanton slaying of the albatross began to
+break. In the third stanza from the end of the poem, this point is
+clearly brought out.
+
+[44-33] _Silly_ here means _helpless, useless_.
+
+[44-34] _Sheen_ means bright, _glittering_.
+
+[45-35] Note this fine alliterative line.
+
+[49-36] The mariner has been thrown into a trance, for the ship is being
+driven northward faster than a human being could endure.
+
+[50-37] A charnel-dungeon is a vault or chamber underneath or near a
+church, where the bones of the dead are laid.
+
+[50-38] The sin is finally expiated.
+
+[52-39] The holy rood is the holy cross.
+
+[52-40] "The silence sank like music on my heart," is among the
+beautiful lines that you will often hear quoted.
+
+[53-41] An ivy-tod is a thick clump of ivy.
+
+[57-42] A friend of Coleridge's once told him that she admired _The
+Ancient Mariner_, but had a serious fault to find with it--it had no
+moral. Do you think, as you read this stanza, that her objection was a
+valid one?
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE BLACK HAWK TRAGEDY[58-1]
+
+_By_ EDWIN D. COE
+
+
+I do not pose as an Indian lover. In fact the instincts and impressions
+of my early life bent me in the opposite direction. My father's log
+house, in which I was born, stood within a few rods of Rock River, about
+forty-five miles west of this city. The stream was the boundary line, in
+a half-recognized way, between two tribes of Indians, and a common
+highway for both. I well remember their frequent and unheralded entries
+into our house, and their ready assumption of its privileges. I can see
+them yet--yes, and smell them, too. In some unventilated chamber of my
+rather capacious nostrils an abiding breath of that intense,
+all-conquering odor of fish, smoke and muskrat, which they brought with
+them, still survives. I well remember their impudent and sometimes
+bullying demeanor; and the horror of one occasion I shall never forget,
+when a stalwart Winnebago, armed with a knife, tomahawk and gun, seized
+my mother by the shoulder as she stood by her ironing table, and shook
+her because she said she had no bread for him. I wrapped myself in her
+skirts and howled in terror. Having been transplanted from the city to
+the wilderness, she had a mortal fear of Indians, but never revealed it
+to them. She had nerve, and resolution as well; and this particular
+fellow she threatened with her hot flat-iron and drove him out of the
+house. So you see I have no occasion for morbid or unnatural sympathy
+with any of the Indian kind.
+
+Black Hawk was born in 1767 at Saukenuk. His father was the war chief of
+the nation and a very successful leader. Young Black Hawk inherited his
+martial spirit and conducted himself so valorously in battle that he was
+recognized as a brave when only fifteen years old. He was enthusiastic
+and venturesome, and before the close of his twentieth year had led
+several expeditions against the Osages and Sioux. It was his boast that
+he had been in a hundred Indian battles and had never suffered defeat.
+
+Life passed pleasantly with Black Hawk and his tribe at Saukenuk for
+many years. The location combined all the advantages possible for their
+mode of existence. When Black Hawk was taken to Washington after his
+capture in 1832, he made an eloquent and most pathetic speech at one of
+the many interviews which he held with the high officials of the
+government. He said: "Our home was very beautiful. My house always had
+plenty. I never had to turn friend or stranger away for lack of food.
+The island was our garden. There the young people gathered plums,
+apples, grapes, berries and nuts. The rapids furnished us fish. On the
+bottom lands our women raised corn, beans and squashes. The young men
+hunted game on the prairie and in the woods. It was good for us. When I
+see the great fields and big villages of the white people, I wonder why
+they wish to take our little territory from us."
+
+We are apt to regard the agriculture of the Indians as of small moment,
+but the Sauks and Foxes cultivated three thousand acres on the peninsula
+between the Rock and the Mississippi. Black Hawk said it was eight
+hundred acres, but the measurement of the cornfields shows that the area
+was nearly four times that. Of this the Foxes, who were much the smaller
+and weaker tribe, farmed five hundred acres; they also occupied
+considerable land on the opposite side of the Mississippi, where the
+city of Davenport now stands. These lands were all fenced with posts and
+rails, the latter being held in place by bark withes. The barrier was
+sufficient to keep the ponies out of the corn, but their lately acquired
+razor-back hogs gave them more trouble. The work of preparing a field
+for their planting involved much labor. The women heaped the ground into
+hills nearly three feet high, and the corn was planted in the top for
+many successive years without renewing the hills. Accordingly a field
+was much more easily prepared on the mellow bottom lands than on the
+tough prairie sod. They raised three kinds of corn: a sweet corn for
+roasting ears, a hard variety for hominy and a softer for meal. They
+also cultivated beans, squashes, pumpkins, artichokes and some tobacco.
+The Sauks at one time sold three thousand bushels of corn to the
+government officials at Fort Crawford for their horses. The Winnebagoes
+at Lake Koshkonong sold four thousand bushels of corn to General
+Atkinson when he was pursuing Black Hawk in 1832. The hundreds of acres
+of corn hills still visible about the latter lake show how extensively
+that region was inhabited and farmed by the Indians.
+
+Aside from the devastating wars which the tribe carried on with their
+new enemies west of the great river, whereby their numbers were steadily
+reduced, no serious shadow fell upon their life at and about Rock Island
+till the year 1804. A French trader had established himself a few miles
+below on the Mississippi. The young braves and squaws delighted in
+visiting his place and were always sure of a dance in the evening. One
+night in that year an Indian killed one of the habitues of the place,
+the provocation being unbearable. A few weeks after demand was made that
+he be given up, and he was at once surrendered and taken to Saint Louis.
+
+Soon after, his relative, Quashquamme, one of the sub-chiefs of the
+tribe, and four or five other Sauks went to Saint Louis to work for his
+release. A bargain was made to the effect that a tract of land including
+parts of Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin and Illinois, comprising fifty
+million acres, be ceded to the government, the consideration being the
+cancellation of a debt of $2,400, which the Indians owed trader Choteau,
+of Saint Louis, and a perpetual annuity of $1,000 thereafter. It was
+also tacitly agreed that the imprisoned Indian should be released. This
+part of the program was carried out, but the poor fellow had not gone
+three hundred feet before he was shot dead. We are sorry to say that
+General William Henry Harrison was the chief representative of the
+government in this one-sided treaty, though, of course, he knew nothing
+of the predetermined killing of the Indian prisoner. This treaty, made
+without due authority on the part of Quashquamme, was not accepted by
+the Sauks till 1816, when its ratification was made a side issue in an
+agreement which the government negotiated between the Sauks and the
+Osages or Sioux.
+
+Black Hawk always claimed that he had never consented to the sale of
+Saukenuk; and it is but fair to Quashquamme to say that he always
+insisted that his cession of land went only to the Rock--and therefore
+did not include Saukenuk--and not to the Wisconsin, as the whites
+asserted. I have been thus explicit, as the disagreement about this
+treaty led to the final conflict between the Sauks and the whites.
+
+One proposition of the original paper was that the Indians should be
+allowed to occupy all the territory as aforetime until it was surveyed
+and sold to settlers. Along in the '20's the frontier line rapidly
+approached the great river; and about 1823, when still fifty miles
+distant, squatters began to settle on the Indian lands at Saukenuk.
+Protest was made against this to the commander of Fort Armstrong (which
+was built on Rock Island in 1816) and to the government, but without
+avail.
+
+The squatters, relying for protection on the troops near by, perpetrated
+outrages of the most exasperating character. They turned their horses
+into the Indian cornfields, threw down fences, whipped one young woman
+who had pulled a few corn suckers from one of their fields to eat, while
+on her way to work, and finally two ruffians met Black Hawk himself one
+day as he was hunting on the river bottom and accused him of shooting
+their hogs. He indignantly denied it, but they snatched his rifle from
+his hand, wrenched the flint out, and then beat the old man with a
+hickory stick till the blood ran down his back, and he could not leave
+his house for days. Doubtless this indignity surpassed all other
+outrages in the proud old chief's estimation, and we can imagine him
+sitting in his cabin on the highest ground in the village, looking over
+the magnificent landscape, brooding upon the blight which had fallen
+upon the beautiful home of his tribe, and harboring thoughts of revenge.
+Still he refrained from open resistance till the spring of 1831.
+
+[Illustration: BLACKHAWK AND THE TWO RUFFIANS]
+
+It was the custom of the tribe to spend the winter months hunting and
+trapping in northeastern Missouri, returning in the spring to Saukenuk.
+This time they found the whites more aggressive than ever. They had
+fenced in the most of the cultivated land, plowed over the burying
+ground, and destroyed a number of houses. They received the Indians with
+hostile looks, but Black Hawk at last did what he ought to have done at
+first, ordered the squatters all off the peninsula. He then went to an
+island where a squatter sold liquor and had paid no heed to his
+entreaties not to sell to the Indians, and with a party of his braves
+knocked in the heads of the whisky barrels and poured their contents on
+the ground. The liquor vendor immediately hurried to Governor Reynolds,
+of Illinois, with his tale of woe and represented that Black Hawk was
+devastating the country with torch and tomahawk.
+
+Governor Reynolds at once issued a flamboyant proclamation calling for
+volunteers, and asked the United States authorities at Saint Louis for
+aid. A considerable body of regulars was dispatched up the river and
+reached Saukenuk before the volunteers. Black Hawk told his people to
+remain in their houses, and not to obey any orders to leave Saukenuk,
+for they had not sold their home and had done no wrong. But when he saw
+the undisciplined, lawless and wildly excited volunteers, who came a few
+days later, he told the people that their lives were in danger and they
+must go. Accordingly the next morning at an early hour all embarked in
+their canoes and crossed the Mississippi. They were visited there by the
+officials, and Black Hawk entered into an agreement to remain west of
+the river.
+
+Black Hawk's band spent the fall and winter, after their expulsion from
+Saukenuk, in great unhappiness and want. It was too late to plant corn,
+and they suffered from hunger. Their winter's hunt was unsuccessful, as
+they lacked ammunition, and many of their guns and traps had gone to pay
+for the whisky they had drunk before Black Hawk broke up the traffic. In
+the meantime Black Hawk was planning to recover Saukenuk by force. He
+visited Canada, but received little encouragement there, except sympathy
+and the assurance that his cause was just.
+
+Black Hawk's worst adviser was Neapope, his second in command, and a
+terrible liar. He also visited Canada and claimed that the British whom
+he had seen stood ready to help Black Hawk with men, arms and
+ammunition, and that a steamboat would bring them to Milwaukee in the
+spring. This was good news to the credulous old chief; and quite as
+acceptable as this was Neapope's story that the Winnebagoes and
+Pottawatomi would join in the campaign to secure his rights. Added to
+these encouragements were the entreaties of the homesick hungry women,
+who longed for their houses and cornfields at Saukenuk.
+
+Keokuk did his utmost to dissuade Black Hawk but in vain, and then he
+gave warning to the whites of Black Hawk's purpose. He feared that the
+whole nation might be drawn into the war if it was once started. Black
+Hawk's first move with his band in the spring of 1832 was to visit
+Keokuk's village, set up his war post and call for recruits. He wore a
+British uniform and displayed a British flag. This foolishness and
+gratification of vanity cost him dearly in the end. He made an
+impassioned speech and wrought the Indians up to such enthusiasm that
+they demanded that Keokuk join with Black Hawk. It was a critical moment
+for the young chief--even his life was in danger; but he was a more
+skillful master of oratory than even the eloquent Black Hawk, and,
+seeming at first to fall in with his plan, he gradually showed up its
+danger and its impracticable character, until at last he saved all his
+own party and even won a considerable number away from Black Hawk.
+
+On the 26th of April the Black Hawk band crossed the Mississippi several
+miles below Rock River. They numbered twelve hundred in all, less than
+four hundred being warriors, and these only partly armed. Their
+destination was Prophetstown, as Black Hawk's plan was to raise a crop
+there and go on the war path in the fall. The braves struck across the
+country, while the women, weak with famine, slowly paddled the canoes up
+against the swift current of the river. They reached Prophetstown late
+in April, the heavy rains which had swollen the rivers greatly impeding
+their progress. A marvelous feature of this journey across the territory
+which the whites claimed had been ceded to them, is the fact that not
+the slightest depredation was committed at any farm or house on the
+march. The inhabitants fled, but the hungry Indians touched none of the
+abundant food which they left behind. Not a gun was fired. Black Hawk
+had ordered that no offense be given, and he was strictly obeyed.
+
+Black Hawk was disappointed to find that the Winnebagoes were lukewarm
+as to his enterprise, and also reluctant to let him plant a crop,
+fearing to get into trouble with the government. He then pushed on to
+confer with the Pottawatomi, who had a village at Sycamore Creek about
+forty miles farther on. Here he found similar conditions; also he
+learned the falsity of the story that he could get aid from the British.
+
+He says that he then determined to return to Iowa and make the best of
+it there. But he was too late--Governor Reynolds had issued another
+proclamation, and two thousand volunteers besides a considerable body of
+regulars were on his trail. He had made a farewell dog feast for his
+Pottawatomi friends, when a scout brought news that about three hundred
+whites were going into camp five miles distant. This was a sort of
+independent command under Major Stillman, who had pushed ahead of the
+main body. It was composed of lawless, undisciplined material, and at
+that moment was suffering under the effects of drinking two barrels of
+whisky which the troops had poured down their throats rather than leave
+it on a wagon that was hopelessly stuck in the mud.
+
+Black Hawk directed three young braves to take a white flag, go to the
+camp, ask what the purpose of the command was, and to say that he
+desired a conference with them. He then sent five others on horseback to
+report the reception which the flag bearers met with. Three of them an
+hour later came at full speed into camp, reporting that the whites had
+surrounded the flag bearers and killed them and then chased the five who
+had followed, killing two of them, and were coming on in full force. All
+the devil in the old warrior's heart was roused by this brutal
+treachery, and calling on the forty warriors who were with him at the
+conference, the rest being in camp some miles away, he hastened to meet
+the enemy. Forming an ambush in the brush, the Indians fired their guns
+as the whites approached, just at nightfall, and rose up and charged
+with a wild yell. The drunken volunteers at once turned and fled, the
+panic gathering force as they went. The fugitives rushed through the
+camp pell-mell, and all who were left there joined in the stampede. In
+their desperate fear, every soldier thought every other an Indian and
+fired hither and yon. Eleven were killed, probably only one by the
+redskins. The survivors for the most part continued their flight,
+spreading the most exaggerated stories of the numbers and ferocity of
+the Indians, until they reached their several homes. As it proved, the
+three Indian flag bearers were not harmed till the stampede began, when
+one of them was shot by a soldier just mounting his horse to run. One of
+the surviving Indians immediately killed him with his tomahawk.
+
+This easy triumph changed Black Hawk's purpose. He regarded it as an
+omen of victory and determined to go on. But his strenuous efforts to
+enlist the Pottawatomi in the cause were unavailing. Old Chief Shaubenee
+had absolute control over them and steadily said "no." Even Chief Big
+Foot at the head of Lake Geneva refused. He was a drunken, sullen,
+brutal savage, but had given his word to keep the peace and did so,
+though he bitterly hated the whites and would have been glad to see the
+war go on. About one hundred reckless, lawless individuals of the
+Winnebago and Pottawatomi tribes joined Black Hawk, but gradually
+deserted him as his fortunes waned.
+
+Black Hawk was now anxious to take his women, children and old men to a
+place of safety, and, following the guidance of two Winnebagoes, they
+made their way up the Rock to Hustisford Rapids and there went into
+camp. Fish, game, clams, roots and the bark of trees constituted their
+food while there, but Black Hawk in his biography says they found it
+difficult to keep from starving. And, adding to their present misery,
+the thrifty, provident squaws saw another harvestless summer passing and
+a winter of famine before them. With his warriors he then returned to
+continue the contest. A few skirmishes and collisions took place along
+the line that now separates Wisconsin and Illinois, and predatory
+parties of Winnebagoes and Pottawatomi worked out their grudges and
+revenges on whites who had incurred their enmity. These outrages were
+numerous and were attributed to the Sauks, as their perpetrators
+expected would be the case. It is now believed that not a single case of
+the murder of an unarmed man or of a woman or child was justly
+chargeable to the Sauks.
+
+Governor Reynolds had called for a second levy of two thousand
+volunteers, and General Atkinson, with a considerable force of regulars,
+was in the field. All were under his command, and he followed Black
+Hawk, as the latter retired northward, with an army of four thousand,
+all mounted, fully twelve times as great in number as the starving band
+which he was pursuing. They camped near Beloit, camped at Milton, near
+the south end of Storr's Lake, and followed on cautiously to Lake
+Koshkonong, for Atkinson had a most wholesome regard for Black Hawk's
+prowess. At the lake they found an old blind Sauk who had been left
+behind. They gave him food, but a straggler coming along later shot him
+as he was crawling to a spring for water. His bones lay on the ground
+unburied for years after the country was settled, the skull having been
+hung on a bush. At the junction of the Bark and Rock rivers Atkinson
+went into utter bewilderment and uncertainty as to Black Hawk's
+whereabouts, and he finally built the stockade at the point which bears
+his name. He dispatched a considerable force under Colonels Alexander,
+Dodge and Henry to Portage for supplies. There they learned where Black
+Hawk's camp was; Henry and Dodge set out to attack it, while Alexander
+returned to Atkinson. The latter had heard that Black Hawk was in full
+force at Burnt Village on the Whitewater River, about four miles north
+of the location now occupied by the city bearing that name. He sent off
+messengers for the remainder of the army to join him for an attack.
+
+But in going and coming, the trail of Black Hawk and his entire band was
+discovered leading to the west. Henry and Dodge started in rapid
+pursuit, sending word to Atkinson that the game had been flushed. That
+doughty warrior had in the meantime learned that the Burnt Village story
+was a myth; and those of his men whose time had expired, broke ranks and
+returned to their homes, all believing that Black Hawk had finally
+escaped. The fugitive's trail crossed the site of the present city of
+Madison and also the University grounds, bearing thence northwest to the
+Wisconsin River. Singularly enough, Black Hawk struck this stream
+directly opposite the site of his people's ancient village of Prairie
+du Sac. Soon after leaving Fourth Lake the Indians discovered their
+pursuers and hastened their painful flight. All along the trail had been
+marked by evidences of their extremity: in the skeletons of ponies
+robbed of their flesh, in the trees stripped of bark for food, and the
+ground dug over for roots. To these proofs were now added kettles and
+blankets which the enfeebled women could no longer carry, and the dead
+bodies of famished papooses and old people.
+
+[Illustration: THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN CROSSED THE RIVER]
+
+About four o'clock in the afternoon, the rear guard of the Sauks was
+overtaken a few miles from the river. This was on the 21st day of July,
+and the troops had made a forced march of eighty miles in three days
+from the Rock to the Wisconsin, much of the way through swamps and dense
+forests. Until dark a series of skirmishes was maintained, the Indians
+skilfully forming new lines and holding the enemy back while the women
+and children were crossing the river. Black Hawk directed the fight
+while sitting on his pony, his stentorian voice reaching every part of
+the field. He always counted this battle as most creditable to his
+military genius, and there is reason for the claim, for he delayed the
+whites till the passage of the river was secured. Jefferson Davis, who
+was present, says that the squaws tore the bark off the trees and made
+little canoes in which to float their papooses and utensils across the
+river; and that half the braves swam the river holding their rifles in
+the air, while the rest kept the whites back, and then, having landed,
+fired on the whites from the other side, while the remaining braves
+crossed. Davis pronounced it the most brilliant defensive battle he ever
+witnessed.
+
+The next morning the Indians had disappeared, but during the night they
+had constructed a raft upon which a large number of the women and
+children and old men were placed and set adrift, hoping that they would
+be allowed to go down the river unmolested, and reach their late village
+in Iowa. But Colonel Dodge sent word ahead, and the soldiers at Fort
+Crawford lay in wait for them; and when the raft approached they fired
+upon the helpless creatures, killing a large number. A few were taken
+prisoners, but the rest were drowned or swam ashore and afterwards
+perished of hunger in the woods.
+
+Late in the night after the fight at Wisconsin Heights, a loud, shrill
+voice was heard from the eminence which Black Hawk had occupied during
+the conflict. It caused consternation at first among the whites, as it
+was thought to signify a night attack. But the voice continued in
+strong, impassioned harangue for more than an hour, eliciting, however,
+only jeers and an occasional rifle shot. It was afterwards learned that
+the orator was Neapope, speaking in the Winnebago tongue. He had seen a
+few Winnebagoes with the whites in the afternoon but did not know that
+they had gone away at nightfall. He told how they saw their great
+mistake in leaving Iowa, that they had their wives and children with
+them, that all were dying for want of food, and that they only asked to
+be allowed to go in peace; and they pledged themselves to return to
+Iowa, and never again come east of the river. Neapope was an orator of
+great power, and he presented his plea with all the eloquence of which
+he was master. But it fell on ears that understood not its purport. I
+know of no more pathetic incident in all the long chapter of human woe
+and despair than this pitiful prayer of a perishing people for mercy and
+forgiveness, spoken in a tongue that carried no meaning to those who
+heard. Let us hope that if the petition had been understood it would
+have been granted.
+
+The loss in the battle on the 21st had not been large on either side,
+and the Black Hawk band pursued their journey to the Mississippi
+without guides, through a rugged, trackless wilderness, sorrowing,
+suffering and despairing. The whites continued down the Wisconsin to
+Helena, where General Atkinson took command. Helena was a deserted
+village which had been built to carry on shot-making. The soldiers tore
+down the log houses and made rafts of the logs to cross the river. Five
+days in all were consumed before the Black Hawk trail was discovered,
+and then the pursuers were guided to it by crows and buzzards gathering
+in the air over the bodies of dead refugees left by the wayside.
+
+On the first of August the Indians reached the Mississippi and began
+crossing in two canoes. In the afternoon the steamer Warrior, which had
+been sent up from Fort Crawford to notify the Sioux Chief, Wabasha, one
+hundred and twenty miles above to look out for his enemy, Black Hawk,
+who was headed that way, stopped opposite the spot where the Indians had
+gathered. Black Hawk raised a white flag and tried to parley; but the
+captain assumed that it was an attempt to trap him and, without warning,
+fired into the Indians at short range with a cannon loaded with
+cannister. Thus a second time was the usage of all nations violated in
+this war by refusing to recognize the flag of truce. Twenty-three were
+killed by this discharge. There were twenty riflemen on the boat who
+then began firing, and the Sauks responded. The Warrior soon after
+steamed away to Fort Crawford, twenty miles below, and the Indians
+continued their efforts to cross the river, here three hundred rods wide
+and running a strong current. Some were drowned and others were carried
+down the stream on improvised rafts. A few of these were rescued at
+Prairie du Chien.
+
+The next day Atkinson appeared on the ground. Black Hawk seems to have
+been utterly demoralized and had told those who had not crossed that he
+was going to the Chippewa country, and that they had better follow. Only
+a few did so, and after going a few miles he turned back on August 2nd,
+just in time to see the closing scene of the massacre called the battle
+of Bad Axe.
+
+As Atkinson approached he was skilfully decoyed beyond the Indian camp
+some distance, but its location was finally discovered and a fierce
+onslaught was made. The poor wretches at first begged for quarter, but
+as the soldiers shot them down without discrimination, they fought for a
+time with desperation, and then men, women and children plunged into the
+river, the most of them to drown before reaching the other side. The
+steamer Warrior reappeared, and the sharpshooters fired at the swimmers,
+some of them women with babies on their backs. The incidents of the
+merciless slaughter are too harrowing for recital, and would be
+incredible if not thoroughly authenticated. It is difficult to
+understand the ferocity with which Black Hawk's band was pursued and
+destroyed. Probably the belief that he was still in the British service
+had much to do with it; also his first success at Stillman's Run, and
+the murder of the whites in Northern Illinois by marauders from other
+tribes, which were unjustly charged to him, may account for it in large
+part. About three hundred Indians succeeded in crossing the river, but
+their ill fate still pursued them. Their fierce enemy, Wabasha, was on
+their track, and before reaching the Iowa river half of the three
+hundred had been relentlessly slain. Of the twelve hundred who crossed
+the Mississippi in April, only one hundred and fifty, and they barely
+living skeletons, returned in August.
+
+Black Hawk gave himself up soon after the Bad Axe massacre to the
+Winnebagoes, and was surrendered to our officers at Prairie du Chien.
+Thence he was taken to Saint Louis, Washington, through the east, and
+back to Fort Armstrong, where he was delivered over to Keokuk, who
+became surety for his good behavior. Although always kindly treated by
+the latter, the old chief never ceased to be mindful of his
+subordination. For five years he brooded over his misfortunes and
+humiliation, and then died in his seventy-second year. Even his body was
+not allowed to rest in peace; it was stolen, and when the Indians
+discovered the theft and demanded the return of the bones, the building
+in which the skeleton was stored burned before it was delivered up, and
+only indistinguishable ashes remained.
+
+A word further is due the stalwart old chief, whose good qualities
+certainly surpassed his evil ones. He was honorable, brave, generous and
+magnanimous. He never permitted a captive to be tortured, and early gave
+up the practice of scalping the enemies he had slain. As a leader in
+Indian warfare he ranks high, and his final campaign had in its purpose
+the same comprehensive idea which actuated Tecumseh and Pontiac, that of
+a union of all Indian tribes; and he had the further intent of drawing
+in the British to enforce the treaty of 1815, which he claimed had been
+violated in his own case--the guarantee of immunity to all Indian allies
+of the British having been disregarded. Absolute honesty and
+truthfulness in business matters were among his characteristics. These
+he shared with his people generally. Colonel Davenport, who had a
+trading establishment on the island for many, many years, used often to
+go to dinner leaving his store full of Indians, and he said they never
+took so much as a clay pipe in his absence.
+
+Black Hawk was impulsive, hopeful and credulous, and so was easily
+imposed upon; he had an ardent love for the beauties of nature; he was
+deeply religious, and said that he never took a drink of water from a
+brook without sincere gratitude to the Great Spirit who cared for him.
+He was a tender husband and father, and, contrary to the usage of his
+tribe, married only one wife. When his father was killed he mourned and
+fasted five years. He did the same for two years, when a son and
+daughter died, eating only a little corn each evening, "hoping that the
+Great Spirit would take pity on him." We wish for the honor of our race
+that this poor savage whose only offense was that of loving his home too
+well to give it up without a struggle, had not gone out of life leaving
+such a red, indelible page on the book of history against us.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[58-1] The following account is taken from a paper read before the Loyal
+Legion at Milwaukee, May 6, 1896, by Mr. Coe.
+
+
+
+
+THE PETRIFIED FERN
+
+_By_ MARY BOLLES BRANCH
+
+    In a valley, centuries ago,
+      Grew a little fern-leaf, green and slender,
+      Veining delicate and fibres tender;
+    Waving when the wind crept down so low.
+      Rushes tall, and moss, and grass grew round it,
+      Playful sunbeams darted in and found it,
+      Drops of dew stole in by night, and crowned it,
+      But no foot of man e'er trod that way;
+      Earth was young, and keeping holiday.
+
+    Monster fishes swam the silent main,
+      Stately forests waved their giant branches,
+      Mountains hurled their snowy avalanches,
+    Mammoth creatures stalked across the plain;
+      Nature revelled in grand mysteries,
+      But the little fern was not of these,
+      Did not number with the hills and trees;
+      Only grew and waved its wild sweet way,
+      None ever came to note it day by day.
+
+    Earth one time put on a frolic mood,
+      Heaved the rocks and changed the mighty motion
+      Of the deep, strong currents of the ocean;
+    Moved the plain and shook the haughty wood,
+      Crushed the little fern in soft moist clay,--
+      Covered it, and hid it safe away.
+      O the long, long centuries since that day!
+      O the agony! O life's bitter cost,
+      Since that useless little fern was lost!
+
+    Useless? Lost? There came a thoughtful man
+      Searching Nature's secrets, far and deep;
+      From a fissure in a rocky steep
+    He withdrew a stone, o'er which there ran
+      Fairy pencilings, a quaint design,
+      Veinings, leafage, fibres clear and fine,
+      And the fern's life lay in every line!
+      So, I think, God hides some souls away,
+      Sweetly to surprise us, the last day.
+
+
+
+
+AN EXCITING CANOE RACE
+
+_By_ J. FENIMORE COOPER
+
+
+The heavens were still studded with stars when Hawkeye[79-1] came to
+arouse the sleepers. Casting aside their cloaks, Munro[79-2] and
+Heyward[79-3] were on their feet while the woodsman was still making his
+low calls at the entrance of the rude shelter where they had passed the
+night. When they issued from beneath its concealment, they found the
+scout awaiting their appearance nigh by, and the only salutation between
+them was the significant gesture for silence made by their sagacious
+leader.
+
+"Think over your prayers," he whispered, as they approached him; "for He
+to whom you make them knows all tongues; that of the heart, as well as
+those of the mouth. But speak not a syllable; it is rare for a white
+voice to pitch itself properly in the woods. Come," he continued,
+turning toward a curtain of the works; "let us get into the ditch on
+this side, and be regardful to step on the stones and fragments of wood
+as you go."
+
+[Illustration: HAWKEYE ON THE TRAIL]
+
+His companions complied, though to two of them the reasons of this
+extraordinary precaution were yet a mystery. When they were in the low
+cavity that surrounded the earthen fort on three of its sides, they
+found the passage nearly choked by the ruins. With care and patience,
+however, they succeeded in clambering after the scout until they reached
+the sandy shore of the Horicon.
+
+"That's a trail that nothing but a nose can follow," said the satisfied
+scout, looking back along their difficult way; "grass is a treacherous
+carpet for a flying party to tread on, but wood and stone take no print
+from a moccasin. Had you worn your armed boots, there might indeed have
+been something to fear; but with the deerskin suitably prepared, a man
+may trust himself, generally, on rocks with safety. Shove in the canoe
+nigher to the land, Uncas;[81-4] this sand will take a stamp as easily
+as the butter of the Jarmans on the Mohawk. Softly, lad, softly; it must
+not touch the beach, or the knaves will know by what road we have left
+the place."
+
+The young man observed the precaution; and the scout laying a board from
+the ruins to the canoe, made a sign for the two officers to enter. When
+this was done, everything was studiously restored to its former
+disorder; and then Hawkeye succeeded in reaching his little birchen
+vessel without leaving behind him any of those marks which he appeared
+so much to dread.
+
+"Now," continued the scout, looking back at the dim shore of William
+Henry, which was now fast receding, and laughing in his own silent but
+heartfelt manner; "I have put a trail of water atween us; and unless the
+imps can make friends with the fishes, and hear who has paddled across
+their basin this fine morning, we shall throw the length of the Horicon
+behind us before they have made up their minds which path to take."
+
+"With foes in front and foes in our rear, our journey is like to be one
+of danger."
+
+"Danger," repeated Hawkeye, calmly; "no, not absolutely of danger, for,
+with vigilant ears and quick eyes, we can manage to keep a few hours
+ahead of the knaves; or, if we must try the rifle, there are three of us
+who understand its gifts as well as any you can name on the borders. No,
+not of danger; but that we shall have what you may call a brisk push of
+it is probable; and it may happen a brush, a scrimmage, or some such
+divarsion, but always where covers are good and ammunition abundant."
+
+[Illustration: JAMES FENIMORE COOPER
+1789-1851]
+
+It is possible that Heyward's estimate of danger differed in some degree
+from that of the scout, for, instead of replying, he now sat in silence,
+while the canoe glided over several miles of water. Just as the day
+dawned, they entered the narrows of the lake[82-5], and stole swiftly
+and cautiously among their numberless little islands. It was by this
+road that Montcalm had retired with his army, and the adventurers knew
+not but he had left some of his Indians in ambush, to protect the rear
+of his forces and collect the stragglers. They therefore approached
+the passage with the customary silence of their guarded habits.
+Chingachgook[83-6] laid aside his paddle, while Uncas and the scout
+urged the light vessel through crooked and intricate channels, where
+every foot that they advanced exposed them to the danger of some sudden
+rising on their progress. The eyes of the sagamore moved warily from
+islet to islet and copse to copse as the canoe proceeded; and when a
+clearer sheet of water permitted, his keen vision was bent along the
+bald rocks and impending forests that frowned upon the narrow strait.
+
+Heyward, who was a doubly interested spectator as well from the beauties
+of the place as from the apprehension natural to his situation, was just
+believing that he had permitted the latter to be excited without
+sufficient reason, when the paddle ceased moving, in obedience to a
+signal from Chingachgook.
+
+"Ugh!" exclaimed Uncas, nearly at the moment that the light tap his
+father had made on the side of the canoe notified them of the vicinity
+of danger.
+
+"What now?" asked the scout; "the lake is as smooth as if the winds had
+never blown, and I can see along its sheets for miles; there is not so
+much as the black head of a loon dotting the water."
+
+The Indian gravely raised his paddle, and pointed in the direction in
+which his own steady look was riveted. Duncan's eyes followed the
+motion. A few rods in their front lay another of the low-wooded islets,
+but it appeared as calm and peaceful as if its solitude had never been
+disturbed by the foot of man.
+
+"I see nothing," he said, "but land and water; and a lovely scene it
+is."
+
+"Hist!" interrupted the scout. "Ay, sagamore, there is always a reason
+for what you do. 'Tis but a shade, and yet it is not natural. You see
+the mist, major, that is rising above the island; you can't call it a
+fog, for it is more like a streak of thin cloud----"
+
+"It is a vapor from the water."
+
+"That a child could tell. But what is the edging of blacker smoke that
+hangs along its lower side, and which you may trace down into the
+thicket of hazel? 'Tis from a fire; but one that, in my judgment, has
+been suffered to burn low."
+
+"Let us then push for the place, and relieve our doubts," said the
+impatient Duncan; "the party must be small that can lie on such a bit of
+land."
+
+"If you judge of Indian cunning by the rules you find in books or by
+white sagacity, they will lead you astray, if not to your death,"
+returned Hawkeye, examining the signs of the place with that acuteness
+which distinguished him. "If I may be permitted to speak in this matter,
+it will be to say that we have but two things to choose between: the one
+is, to return and give up all thought of following the Hurons----"
+
+"Never!" exclaimed Heyward in a voice far too loud for their
+circumstances.
+
+"Well, well," continued Hawkeye, making a hasty sign to repress his
+impatience, "I am much of your mind myself; though I thought it becoming
+my experience to tell the whole. We must then make a push, and, if the
+Indians or Frenchers are in the narrows, run the gantlet through these
+toppling mountains. Is there reason in my words, sagamore?"
+
+[Illustration: HAWKEYE]
+
+The Indian made no further answer than by dropping his paddle into the
+water and urging forward the canoe. As he held the office of directing
+its course, his resolution was sufficiently indicated by the movement.
+The whole party now plied their paddles vigorously, and in a very few
+moments they had reached a point whence they might command an entire
+view of the northern shore of the island.
+
+"There they are, by all the truth of signs," whispered the scout; "two
+canoes and a smoke. The knaves haven't yet got their eyes out of the
+mist, or we should hear the accursed whoop. Together, friends--we are
+leaving them, and are already nearly out of whistle of a bullet."
+
+The well-known crack of a rifle, whose ball came skipping along the
+placid surface of the strait, and a shrill yell from the island
+interrupted his speech and announced that their passage was discovered.
+In another instant several savages were seen rushing into the canoes,
+which were soon dancing over the water in pursuit. These fearful
+precursors of a coming struggle produced no change in the countenances
+and movements of his three guides, so far as Duncan could discover,
+except that the strokes of their paddles were longer and more in unison,
+and caused the little bark to spring forward like a creature possessing
+life and volition.
+
+"Hold them there, sagamore," said Hawkeye, looking coolly backward over
+his left shoulder, while he still plied his paddle; "keep them just
+there. Them Hurons have never a piece in their nation that will execute
+at this distance; but 'Kill Deer'[86-7] has a barrel on which a man may
+calculate."
+
+The scout, having ascertained that the Mohicans were sufficient of
+themselves to maintain the requisite distance, deliberately laid aside
+his paddle and raised the fatal rifle. Then several times he brought the
+piece to his shoulder, and when his companions were expecting its report
+he as often lowered it to request the Indians would permit their enemies
+to approach a little nigher. At length his accurate and fastidious eye
+seemed satisfied, and throwing out his left arm on the barrel, he was
+slowly elevating the muzzle, when an exclamation from Uncas, who sat in
+the bow, once more caused him to suspend the shot.
+
+"How now, lad?" demanded Hawkeye; "you saved a Huron[87-8] from the
+death-shriek by that word; have you reason for what you do?"
+
+Uncas pointed toward the rocky shore a little in their front, whence
+another war canoe was darting directly across their course. It was too
+obvious now that their situation was imminently perilous to need the aid
+of language to confirm it. The scout laid aside his rifle, and resumed
+the paddle, while Chingachgook inclined the bows of the canoe a little
+toward the western shore, in order to increase the distance between them
+and this new enemy. In the meantime they were reminded of the presence
+of those who pressed on their rear, by wild and exulting shouts. The
+stirring scene awakened even Munro from his apathy.
+
+"Let us make for the rocks on the main," he said, with the mien of a
+tried soldier, "and give battle to the savages. God forbid that I or
+those attached to me or mine should ever trust again to the faith of any
+servant of the Louises."
+
+"He who wishes to prosper in Indian warfare," returned the scout, "must
+not be too proud to learn from the wit of a native. Lay her more along
+the land, sagamore; we are doubling on the varlets, and perhaps they may
+try to strike our trail on the long calculation."
+
+Hawkeye was not mistaken; for, when the Hurons found that their course
+was likely to throw them behind their chase, they rendered it less
+direct, until, by gradually bearing more and more obliquely, the two
+canoes were, ere long, gliding on parallel lines, within two hundred
+yards of each other. It now became entirely a trial of speed. So rapid
+was the progress of the light vessels that the lake curled in their
+front in miniature waves, and their motion became undulating by its own
+velocity. It was, perhaps, owing to this circumstance, in addition to
+the necessity of keeping every hand employed at the paddles, that the
+Hurons had not immediate recourse to their firearms. The exertions of
+the fugitives were too severe to continue long, and the pursuers had the
+advantage of numbers. Duncan observed, with uneasiness, that the scout
+began to look anxiously about him, as if searching for some further
+means of assisting their flight.
+
+"Edge her a little more from the sun, Sagamore," said the stubborn
+woodsman; "I see the knaves are sparing a man to the rifle. A single
+broken bone might lose us our scalps. Edge more from the sun, and we
+will put the island between us."
+
+The expedient was not without its use. A long, low island lay a little
+distance before them, and, as they closed with it, the chasing canoe was
+compelled to take a side opposite to that on which the pursued passed.
+The scout and his companions did not neglect this advantage, but, the
+instant they were hid from observation by the bushes, they redoubled
+efforts that before had seemed prodigious. The two canoes came round the
+last low point, like two coursers at the top of their speed, the
+fugitives taking the lead. This change had brought them nigher to each
+other, however, while it altered their relative positions.
+
+"You showed knowledge in the shaping of birchen bark, Uncas, when you
+chose this from among the Huron canoes," said the scout, smiling,
+apparently more in satisfaction at their superiority in the race, than
+from that prospect of final escape which now began to open a little upon
+them. "The imps have put all their strength again at the paddles, and we
+are to struggle for our scalps with bits of flattened wood, instead of
+clouded barrels and true eyes. A long stroke, and together, friends!"
+
+"They are preparing for a shot," said Heyward; "and as we are in a line
+with them, it can scarcely fail."
+
+"Get you then into the bottom of the canoe," returned the scout; "you
+and the colonel; it will be so much taken from the size of the mark."
+
+Heyward smiled, as he answered:
+
+"It would be but an ill example for the highest in rank to dodge, while
+the warriors were under fire!"
+
+"Lord! Lord! that is now a white man's courage!" exclaimed the scout,
+"and, like too many of his notions, not to be maintained by reason. Do
+you think the sagamore, or Uncas, or even I, who am a man without a
+cross, would deliberate about finding a cover in a scrimmage when an
+open body would do no good? For what have the Frenchers reared up their
+Quebec, if fighting is always to be done in the clearings?"
+
+"All that you say is very true, my friend," replied Heyward; "still, our
+custom must prevent us from doing as you wish."
+
+A volley from the Hurons interrupted the discourse; and, as the bullets
+whistled about them, Duncan saw the head of Uncas turned, looking back
+at himself and Munro. Notwithstanding the nearness of the enemy, and his
+own great personal danger, the countenance of the young warrior
+expressed no other emotion, as the former was compelled to think, than
+amazement at finding men willing to encounter so useless an exposure.
+Chingachgook was probably better acquainted with the notions of white
+men, for he did not even cast a glance aside from the riveted look his
+eye maintained on the object by which he governed their course. A ball
+soon struck the light and polished paddle from the hands of the chief,
+and drove it through the air far in advance. A shout rose from the
+Hurons, who seized the opportunity to fire another volley. Uncas
+described an arc in the water with his own blade, and, as the canoe
+passed swiftly on, Chingachgook recovered his paddle, and, flourishing
+it on high, he gave the war-whoop of the Mohicans, and then lent his
+strength and skill again to the important task.
+
+The clamorous sounds of "Le Gros Serpent!"[91-9] "La Longue
+Carabine!"[91-10] "Le Cerf Agile!"[91-11] burst at once from the canoes
+behind, and seemed to give new zeal to the pursuers. The scout seized
+"Kill Deer" in his left hand, and, elevating it above his head, he shook
+it in triumph at his enemies. The savages answered the insult with a
+yell, and immediately another volley succeeded. The bullets pattered
+along the lake, and one even pierced the bark of their little vessel. No
+perceptible emotion could be discovered in the Mohicans during this
+critical moment, their rigid features expressing neither hope nor alarm;
+but the scout again turned his head, and, laughing in his own silent
+manner, he said to Heyward:
+
+"The knaves love to hear the sounds of their pieces, but the eye is not
+to be found among the Mingoes that can calculate a true range in a
+dancing canoe! You see the dumb devils have taken off a man to charge,
+and by the smallest measurement that can be allowed we move three feet
+to their two."
+
+Duncan, who was not altogether as easy under this nice estimate of
+distances as his companions, was glad to find, however, that, owing to
+their superior dexterity, and the diversion among their enemies they
+were very sensibly obtaining the advantage. The Hurons soon fired again,
+and a bullet struck the blade of Hawkeye's paddle without injury.
+
+"That will do," said the scout, examining the slight indentation with a
+curious eye; "it would not have cut the skin of an infant, much less of
+men who, like us, have been blown upon by the heavens in their anger.
+Now, major, if you will try to use this piece of flattened wood, I'll
+let 'Kill Deer' take a part in the conversation."
+
+Heyward seized the paddle and applied himself to the work with an
+eagerness that supplied the place of skill, while Hawkeye was engaged in
+inspecting the priming of his rifle. The latter then took a swift aim
+and fired. The Huron in the bows of the leading canoe had risen with a
+similar object, and he now fell backward, suffering the gun to escape
+from his hands into the water. In an instant, however, he recovered his
+feet, though his gestures were wild and bewildered. At the same moment
+his companions suspended their efforts, and the chasing canoes clustered
+together and became stationary. Chingachgook and Uncas profited by the
+interval to regain their wind, though Duncan continued to work with the
+most persevering industry. The father and son now cast calm but
+inquiring glances at each other, to learn if either had sustained any
+injury by the fire; for both well knew that no cry or exclamation would,
+in such a moment of necessity, have been permitted to betray the
+accident. A few large drops of blood were trickling down the shoulders
+of the sagamore, who, when he perceived that the eyes of Uncas dwelt
+too long on the sight, raised some water in the hollow of his hand, and,
+washing off the stain, was content to manifest, in this simple manner,
+the slightness of the injury.
+
+The lake now began to expand, and their route lay along a reacher, that
+was lined, as before, by high and rugged mountains. But the islands were
+few and easily avoided. The strokes of the paddles grew more measured
+and regular; while they who plied them continued their labor, after the
+close and deadly chase from which they had just relieved themselves,
+with as much coolness as though their speed had been tried in sport,
+rather than under such pressing, nay, almost desperate circumstances.
+
+Instead of following the western shore, whither their errand led them,
+the wary Mohican inclined his course more toward those hills behind
+which Montcalm was known to have led his army into the formidable
+fortress of Ticonderoga. As the Hurons, to every appearance, had
+abandoned the pursuit, there was no apparent reason for this excess of
+caution. It was, however, maintained for hours until they had reached a
+bay nigh the northern termination of the lake. Here the canoe was driven
+upon the beach, and the whole party landed. Hawkeye and Heyward ascended
+an adjacent bluff, where the former, after considering the expanse of
+water beneath him, pointed out to the latter a small black object,
+hovering under a headland, at a distance of several miles.
+
+"Do you see it?" demanded the scout. "Now, what would you account that
+spot, were you left alone to white experience to find your way through
+this wilderness?"
+
+"But for its distance and its magnitude, I should suppose it a bird. Can
+it be a living object?"
+
+"'Tis a canoe of good birchen bark, and paddled by fierce and crafty
+Mingoes. Though Providence has lent to those who inhabit the woods eyes
+that would be needless to men in the settlements where there are
+inventions to assist the sight, yet no human organs can see all the
+dangers which at this moment circumvent us. These varlets pretend to be
+bent chiefly on their sundown meal, but the moment it is dark they will
+be on our trail as true as hounds on the scent. We must throw them off.
+These lakes are useful at times, especially when the game takes the
+water," continued the scout, gazing about him with a countenance of
+concern; "but they give no cover, except it be to fishes. God knows what
+the country would be, if the settlement should ever spread far from the
+two rivers. Both hunting and war would lose their beauty."
+
+"Let us not delay a moment without some good and obvious cause."
+
+"I little like that smoke which you may see worming up along the rock
+above the canoe," interrupted the abstracted scout. "My life on it,
+other eyes than ours see it, and know its meaning. Well, words will not
+mend the matter, and it is time we were doing."
+
+Hawkeye moved away from the lookout, and descended, musing profoundly,
+to the shore. He communicated the result of his observations to his
+companions, in Delaware, and a short and earnest consultation succeeded.
+When it terminated, the three instantly set about executing their new
+resolutions.
+
+The canoe was lifted from the water, and borne on the shoulders of the
+party. They proceeded into the wood, making as broad and obvious a trail
+as possible. They soon reached a water course, which they crossed, and
+continued onward until they came to an extensive and naked rock. At this
+point, where their footsteps might be expected to be no longer visible,
+they retraced their route to the brook, walking backward with the utmost
+care. They now followed the bed of the little stream to the lake, into
+which they immediately launched their canoe again. A low point concealed
+them from the headland, and the margin of the lake was fringed for some
+distance with dense and overhanging bushes. Under the cover of these
+natural advantages, they toiled their way, with patient industry, until
+the scout pronounced that he believed it would be safe once more to
+land.
+
+The halt continued until evening rendered objects indistinct and
+uncertain to the eye. Then they resumed their route, and, favored by the
+darkness, pushed silently and vigorously toward the western shore.
+Although the rugged outline of mountain, to which they were steering,
+presented no distinctive marks to the eyes of Duncan, the Mohican
+entered the little haven he had selected with the confidence and
+accuracy of an experienced pilot.
+
+The boat was again lifted and borne into the woods, where it was
+carefully concealed under a pile of brush. The adventurers assumed their
+arms and packs, and the scout announced to Munro and Heyward that he and
+the Indians were at last in readiness to proceed.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[79-1] Hawkeye is an American scout working with the English army. He is
+one of the most important characters in this book, and under different
+names figures in the other volumes of _The Leather-Stocking Tales_. In
+one he is known as the Deerslayer, in others as Leather-Stocking and the
+Pathfinder. His real name is Natty Bumppo. The five stories which Cooper
+includes among _The Leather-Stocking Tales_ are in their natural order:
+_Deerslayer_, _The Last of the Mohicans_, _The Pathfinder_, _The
+Pioneers_ and _The Prairie_. This selection is taken from _The Last of
+the Mohicans_.
+
+[79-2] Munro is the father of two young ladies who have been captured
+and carried away by the Indians. With his companions he is now following
+the trail of the captors, and this canoe race is but one of many
+adventures through which they pass before they finally rescue the women.
+
+[79-3] Duncan Heyward is a British officer who was with the young ladies
+when they were captured.
+
+[81-4] Uncas is the son of the last chief of the Mohicans, a fine Indian
+who sides with the Americans, and is, as his tribe has always been, a
+bitter enemy of the Huron Indians.
+
+[82-5] The beauties of Lake George are well known to every American
+tourist. In the height of the mountains which surround it, and in
+artificial accessories, it is inferior to the finest of the Swiss and
+Italian lakes, while in outline and purity of water it is fully their
+equal, and in the number and disposition of its isles and islets much
+superior to them altogether. There are said to be some hundreds of
+islands in a sheet of water less than thirty miles long. The narrows,
+which connect what may be called, in truth two lakes, are crowded with
+islands, to such a degree as to leave passages between them frequently
+of only a few feet in width. The lake itself varies in breadth from one
+to three miles.
+
+[83-6] Chingachgook, the father of Uncas, is the chief of the Delaware
+or Mohican Indians.
+
+[86-7] _Kill Deer_, his favorite rifle, has a particularly long barrel,
+much longer than the rifle used by the soldiers. Hawkeye's appearance is
+described in another place as follows: "The frame of the white man,
+judging by such parts as were not concealed by his clothes, was like
+that of one who had known hardships and exertion from his earliest
+youth. His person, though muscular, was rather attenuated than full; but
+every nerve and muscle appeared strung and indurated by unremitted
+exposure and toil. He wore a hunting-shirt of forest green, fringed with
+faded yellow, and a summer cap of skins which had been shorn of their
+fur. He also bore a knife in a girdle of wampum, like that which
+confined the scanty garments of the Indian, but no tomahawk. His
+moccasins were ornamented after the gay fashion of the natives, while
+the only part of his under-dress which appeared below the hunting-frock,
+was a pair of buckskin leggings that laced at the sides, and which were
+gartered above the knees with the sinews of a deer. A pouch and horn
+completed his personal accoutrements, though a rifle of great length,
+which the theory of the more ingenious whites had taught them was the
+most dangerous of all fire-arms, leaned against a neighboring sapling.
+The eye of the hunter, or scout, whichever he might be, was small,
+quick, keen, and restless, roving while he spoke, on every side of him,
+as if in quest of game, or distrusting the sudden approach of some
+lurking enemy. Notwithstanding these symptoms of habitual suspicion, his
+countenance was not only without guile, but, at the moment at which he
+is introduced, it was charged with an expression of sturdy honesty."
+
+[87-8] The Huron tribe sided with the French, and as they were powerful
+Indians, wise in woodcraft and fierce in battle, they were among the
+most deadly foes whom the English colonists had to meet.
+
+[91-9] _Le Gros Serpent_ is a French phrase meaning _The Great Serpent_,
+or _The Big Snake_, a name which the Hurons gave to Chingachgook.
+
+[91-10] _La Longue Carabine_ means _The Long Rifle_, and is the French
+name which the Hurons gave to Hawkeye.
+
+[91-11] _Le Cerf Agile_ is a French phrase which means _The Nimble
+Deer_. It is the name given to Uncas by the Hurons.
+
+
+
+
+THE BUFFALO
+
+
+     NOTE.--The following selections are taken from _The Oregon Trail_,
+     a narrative written by Francis Parkman describing the journey which
+     he undertook in order to study the manners, customs and character
+     of the Indians in their native state. Parkman planned this
+     investigation to prepare himself more fully for writing his
+     splendid _Histories of the French and Indians in America_, a series
+     of books which are not only the best accounts we have of the
+     period, but are also written in most charming style. His
+     _Conspiracy of Pontiac_ and _La Salle_ are among the most readable
+     of these works. The selections which we have made are peculiarly
+     interesting. His journey was begun in the spring of 1846, and in
+     the brief time that has elapsed the wilderness he describes has
+     given way to populous states and thriving cities. The red man is
+     seen there no longer, and the vast herds of buffalo whose numbers
+     seem to us incredible have become wholly extinct. In the United
+     States there remain almost no wild bison, and to study the animal
+     at all a person must now examine those half domesticated groups
+     that are confined in public parks.
+
+     The extravagant slaughter which he chronicles bears little
+     comparison to the hunts in which others engaged. The cruel and
+     wanton destruction of the bison takes its place in history with the
+     more fierce and relentless persecution which the Indians have
+     suffered. When we read of the innumerable herds of bison which
+     Parkman saw, we are inclined, however, not to wonder that he
+     expressed the belief that the extinction of the animal was
+     impossible. His description of his hunts are fascinating, and will
+     rouse the wild blood in any boy's nature.
+
+
+Four days on the Platte, and yet no buffalo! Last year's signs of them
+were provokingly abundant; and wood being extremely scarce, we found an
+admirable substitute in the _bois de vache_, which burns exactly like
+peat, producing no unpleasant effects. The wagons one morning had left
+the camp; Shaw and I were already on horseback, but Henry Chatillon
+still sat cross-legged by the dead embers of the fire, playing pensively
+with the lock of his rifle, while his sturdy Wyandotte pony stood
+quietly behind him, looking over his head. At last he got up, patted the
+neck of the pony (whom, from an exaggerated appreciation of his merits,
+he had christened "Five Hundred Dollar"), and then mounted with a
+melancholy air.
+
+"What is it, Henry?"
+
+"Ah, I feel lonesome; I never been here before; but I see away yonder
+over the buttes, and down there on the prairie, black--all black with
+buffalo!"
+
+In the afternoon he and I left the party in search of an antelope; until
+at the distance of a mile or two on the right, the tall white wagons and
+the little black specks of horsemen were just visible, so slowly
+advancing that they seemed motionless; and far on the left rose the
+broken line of scorched, desolate sand-hills. The vast plain waved with
+tall rank grass that swept our horses' bellies; it swayed to and fro in
+billows with the light breeze, and far and near antelope and wolves were
+moving through it, the hairy backs of the latter alternately appearing
+and disappearing as they bounded awkwardly along: while the antelope,
+with the simple curiosity peculiar to them, would often approach us
+closely, their little horns and white throats just visible above the
+grass tops, as they gazed eagerly at us with their round black eyes.
+
+I dismounted, and amused myself with firing at the wolves. Henry
+attentively scrutinized the surrounding landscape; at length he gave a
+shout, and called on me to mount again, pointing in the direction of the
+sand-hills. A mile and a half from us, two minute black specks slowly
+traversed the face of one of the bare glaring declivities, and
+disappeared behind the summit. "Let us go!" cried Henry, belaboring the
+sides of Five Hundred Dollar; and I following in his wake, we galloped
+rapidly through the rank grass toward the base of the hills.
+
+From one of their openings descended a deep ravine, widening as it
+issued on the prairie. We entered it, and galloping up, in a moment were
+surrounded by the bleak sand-hills. Half of their steep sides were bare;
+the rest were scantily clothed with clumps of grass, and various uncouth
+plants, conspicuous among which appeared the reptile-like prickly pear.
+They were gashed with numberless ravines; and as the sky had suddenly
+darkened, and a cold gusty wind arisen, the strange shrubs and the
+dreary hills looked doubly wild and desolate. But Henry's face was all
+eagerness. He tore off a little hair from the piece of buffalo robe
+under his saddle, and threw it up to show the course of the wind. It
+blew directly before us. The game were therefore to windward, and it was
+necessary to make our best speed to get around them.
+
+We scrambled from this ravine, and galloping away through the hollows,
+soon found another, winding like a snake among the hills, and so deep
+that it completely concealed us. We rode up the bottom of it, glancing
+through the shrubbery at its edge, till Henry abruptly jerked his rein,
+and slid out of his saddle. Full a quarter of a mile distant, on the
+outline of the farthest hill, a long procession of buffalo were walking
+in Indian file, with the utmost gravity and deliberation; then more
+appeared, clambering from a hollow not far off, and ascending, one
+behind the other, the grassy slope of another hill; then a shaggy head
+and a pair of short broken horns appeared issuing out of a ravine close
+at hand, and with a slow, stately step, one by one, the enormous brutes
+came into view, taking their way across the valley, wholly unconscious
+of an enemy. In a moment Henry was worming his way, lying flat on the
+ground, through grass and prickly pears, toward his unsuspecting
+victims. He had with him both my rifle and his own. He was soon out of
+sight, and still the buffalo kept issuing into the valley. For a long
+time all was silent; I sat holding his horse, and wondering what he was
+about, when suddenly, in rapid succession, came the sharp reports of the
+two rifles, and the whole line of buffalo, quickening their pace into a
+clumsy trot, gradually disappeared over the ridge of the hill. Henry
+rose to his feet, and stood looking after them.
+
+"You have missed them," said I.
+
+"Yes," said Henry; "let us go." He descended into the ravine, loaded the
+rifles, and mounted his horse. We rode up the hill after the buffalo.
+The herd was out of sight when we reached the top, but lying on the
+grass not far off was one quite lifeless, and another violently
+struggling in the death agony.
+
+"You see I miss him!" remarked Henry. He had fired from a distance of
+more than a hundred and fifty yards, and both balls had passed through
+the lungs--the true mark in shooting buffalo.
+
+The darkness increased, and a driving storm came on. Tying our horses to
+the horns of the victims, Henry began the bloody work of dissection,
+slashing away with the science of a connoisseur, while I vainly
+endeavored to imitate him. Old Hendrick recoiled with horror and
+indignation when I endeavored to tie the meat to the strings of rawhide,
+always carried for this purpose, dangling at the back of the saddle.
+After some difficulty we overcame his scruples; and heavily burdened
+with the more eligible portions of the buffalo, we set out on our
+return. Scarcely had we emerged from the labyrinth of gorges and
+ravines, and issued upon the open prairie, when the pricking sleet came
+driving, gust upon gust, directly in our faces. It was strangely dark,
+though wanting still an hour of sunset. The freezing storm soon
+penetrated to the skin, but the uneasy trot of our heavy-gaited horses
+kept us warm enough, as we forced them unwillingly in the teeth of the
+sleet and rain, by the powerful suasion of our Indian whips.
+
+The prairie in this place was hard and level. A flourishing colony of
+prairie dogs had burrowed into it in every direction, and the little
+mounds of fresh earth around their holes were about as numerous as the
+hills in a cornfield; but not a yelp was to be heard; not a nose of a
+single citizen was visible; all had retired to the depths of their
+burrows, and we envied them their dry and comfortable habitations.
+
+An hour's hard riding showed us our tent dimly looming through the
+storm, one side puffed out by the force of the wind, and the other
+collapsed in proportion, while the disconsolate horses stood shivering
+close around, and the wind kept up a dismal whistling in the boughs of
+three old half-dead trees above. Shaw, like a patriarch, sat on his
+saddle in the entrance, with a pipe in his mouth, and his arms folded,
+contemplating, with cool satisfaction, the piles of meat that we flung
+on the ground before him. A dark and dreary night succeeded; but the sun
+rose with a heat so sultry and languid that the captain excused himself
+on that account from waylaying an old buffalo bull, who with stupid
+gravity was walking over the prairie to drink at the river. So much for
+the climate of the Platte!
+
+We encamped that night upon the bank of the river. Among the emigrants
+there was an overgrown boy, some eighteen years old, with a head as
+round and about as large as a pumpkin, and fever-and-ague fits had dyed
+his face of a corresponding color. He wore an old white hat, tied under
+his chin with a handkerchief; his body was short and stout, but his legs
+of disproportioned and appalling length. I observed him at sunset,
+breasting the hill with gigantic strides, and standing against the sky
+on the summit, like a colossal pair of tongs. In a moment after we heard
+him screaming frantically behind the ridge, and nothing doubting that he
+was in the clutches of Indians or grizzly bears, some of the party
+caught up their rifles and ran to the rescue. His outcries, however,
+proved but an ebullition of joyous excitement; he had chased two little
+wolf pups to their burrow, and he was on his knees, grubbing away like a
+dog at the mouth of the hole, to get at them.
+
+Before morning he caused more serious disquiet in the camp. It was his
+turn to hold the middle guard; but no sooner was he called up, than he
+coolly arranged a pair of saddle-bags under a wagon, laid his head upon
+them, closed his eyes, opened his mouth, and fell asleep. The guard on
+our side of the camp, thinking it no part of his duty to look after the
+cattle of the emigrants, contented himself with watching our own horses
+and mules; the wolves, he said, were unusually noisy; but still no
+mischief was anticipated until the sun rose, and not a hoof or horn was
+in sight! The cattle were gone! While Tom was quietly slumbering, the
+wolves had driven them away.
+
+Then we reaped the fruits of R.'s precious plan of traveling in company
+with emigrants. To leave them in their distress was not to be thought
+of, and we felt bound to wait until the cattle could be searched for,
+and, if possible, recovered. But the reader may be curious to know what
+punishment awaited the faithless Tom. By the wholesome law of the
+prairie, he who falls asleep on guard is condemned to walk all day,
+leading his horse by the bridle, and we found much fault with our
+companions for not enforcing such a sentence on the offender.
+Nevertheless, had he been of our own party, I have no doubt he would in
+like manner have escaped scot-free. But the emigrants went farther than
+mere forbearance: they decreed that since Tom couldn't stand guard
+without falling asleep, he shouldn't stand guard at all, and
+henceforward his slumbers were unbroken.
+
+"Buffalo! buffalo!" It was but a grim old bull, roaming the prairie by
+himself in misanthropic seclusion; but there might be more behind the
+hills. Dreading the monotony and languor of the camp, Shaw and I saddled
+our horses, buckled our holsters in their places, and set out with Henry
+Chatillon in search of the game. Henry, not intending to take part in
+the chase, but merely conducting us, carried his rifle with him, while
+we left ours behind as incumbrances. We rode for some five or six miles,
+and saw no living thing but wolves, snakes, and prairie dogs.
+
+"This won't do at all," said Shaw.
+
+"What won't do?"
+
+"There's no wood about here to make a litter for the wounded man; I have
+an idea that one of us will need something of the sort before the day is
+over."
+
+There was some foundation for such an apprehension, for the ground was
+none of the best for a race, and grew worse continually as we proceeded;
+indeed it soon became desperately bad, consisting of abrupt hills and
+deep hollows, cut by frequent ravines not easy to pass. At length, a
+mile in advance, we saw a band of bulls. Some were scattered grazing
+over a green declivity, while the rest were crowded more densely
+together in the wide hollow below. Making a circuit to keep out of
+sight, we rode toward them until we ascended a hill within a furlong of
+them, beyond which nothing intervened that could possibly screen us from
+their view. We dismounted behind the ridge just out of sight, drew our
+saddle-girths, examined our pistols, and mounting again rode over the
+hill, and descended at a canter toward them, bending close to our
+horses' necks. Instantly they took the alarm; those on the hill
+descended; those below gathered into a mass, and the whole got in
+motion, shouldering each other along at a clumsy gallop. We followed,
+spurring our horses to full speed; and as the herd rushed, crowding and
+trampling in terror through an opening in the hills, we were close at
+their heels, half suffocated by the clouds of dust.
+
+But as we drew near, their alarm and speed increased; our horses showed
+signs of the utmost fear, bounding violently aside as we approached, and
+refusing to enter among the herd.
+
+The buffalo now broke into several small bodies, scampering over the
+hills in different directions, and I lost sight of Shaw; neither of us
+knew where the other had gone. Old Pontiac ran like a frantic elephant
+up hill and down hill, his ponderous hoofs striking the prairie like
+sledge-hammers. He showed a curious mixture of eagerness and terror,
+straining to overtake the panic-stricken herd, but constantly recoiling
+in dismay as we drew near. The fugitives offered no very attractive
+spectacle, with their enormous size and weight, their shaggy manes and
+the tattered remnants of their last winter's hair covering their backs
+in irregular shreds and patches, and flying off in the wind as they ran.
+
+At length I urged my horse close behind a bull, and after trying in
+vain, by blows and spurring, to bring him alongside, I shot a bullet
+into the buffalo from this disadvantageous position. At the report,
+Pontiac swerved so much that I was again thrown a little behind the
+game. The bullet, entering too much in the rear, failed to disable the
+bull, for a buffalo requires to be shot at particular points, or he will
+certainly escape. The herd ran up a hill, and I followed in pursuit. As
+Pontiac rushed headlong down on the other side, I saw Shaw and Henry
+descending the hollow on the right, at a leisurely gallop; and in front,
+the buffalo were just disappearing behind the crest of the next hill,
+their short tails erect, and their hoofs twinkling through a cloud of
+dust.
+
+At that moment, I heard Shaw and Henry shouting to me; but the muscles
+of a stronger arm than mine could not have checked at once the furious
+course of Pontiac, whose mouth was as insensible as leather. Added to
+this, I rode him that morning with a common snaffle, having the day
+before, for the benefit of my other horse, unbuckled from my bridle the
+curb which I ordinarily used. A stronger and hardier brute never trod
+the prairie; but the novel sight of the buffalo filled him with terror,
+and when at full speed he was almost uncontrollable. Gaining the top of
+the ridge, I saw nothing of the buffalo; they had all vanished amid the
+intricacies of the hills and hollows. Reloading my pistols, in the best
+way I could, I galloped on until I saw them again scuttling along at the
+base of the hill, their panic somewhat abated. Down went old Pontiac
+among them, scattering them to the right and left, and then we had
+another long chase.
+
+About a dozen bulls were before us, scouring over the hills, rushing
+down the declivities with tremendous weight and impetuosity, and then
+laboring with a weary gallop upward. Still Pontiac, in spite of spurring
+and beating, would not close with them. One bull at length fell a little
+behind the rest, and by dint of much effort I urged my horse within six
+or eight yards of his side. His back was darkened with sweat; he was
+panting heavily, while his tongue lolled out a foot from his jaws.
+Gradually I came up abreast of him, urging Pontiac with leg and rein
+nearer to his side, when suddenly he did what buffalo in such
+circumstances will always do; he slackened his gallop, and turning
+toward us, with an aspect of mingled rage and distress, lowered his
+huge shaggy head for a charge. Pontiac, with a snort, leaped aside in
+terror, nearly throwing me to the ground, as I was wholly unprepared for
+such an evolution. I raised my pistol in a passion to strike him on the
+head, but thinking better of it, fired the bullet after the bull, who
+had resumed his flight; then drew rein, and determined to rejoin my
+companions. It was high time. The breath blew hard from Pontiac's
+nostrils, and the sweat rolled in big drops down his sides; I myself
+felt as if drenched in warm water.
+
+[Illustration: GRADUALLY I CAME ABREAST OF HIM]
+
+Pledging myself (and I redeemed the pledge) to take my revenge at a
+future opportunity, I looked round for some indications to show me where
+I was, and what course I ought to pursue; I might as well have looked
+for landmarks in the midst of the ocean. How many miles I had run or in
+what direction, I had no idea; and around me the prairie was rolling in
+steep swells and pitches, without a single distinctive feature to guide
+me. I had a little compass hung at my neck; and ignorant that the Platte
+at this point diverged considerably from its easterly course, I thought
+that by keeping to the northward I should certainly reach it. So I
+turned and rode about two hours in that direction. The prairie changed
+as I advanced, softening away into easier undulations, but nothing like
+the Platte appeared, nor any sign of a human being; the same wild
+endless expanse lay around me still; and to all appearance I was as far
+from my object as ever. I began now to consider myself in danger of
+being lost; and therefore, reining in my horse, summoned the scanty
+share of woodcraft that I possessed (if that term be applicable upon the
+prairie) to extricate me. Looking round, it occurred to me that the
+buffalo might prove my best guides. I soon found one of the paths made
+by them in their passage to the river; it ran nearly at right angles to
+my course; but turning my horse's head in the direction it indicated,
+his freer gait and erected ears assured me that I was right.
+
+But in the meantime my ride had been by no means a solitary one. The
+whole face of the country was dotted far and wide with countless
+hundreds of buffalo. They trooped along in files and columns, bulls,
+cows, and calves, on the green faces of the declivities in front. They
+scrambled away over the hills to the right and left; and far off, the
+pale blue swells in the extreme distance were dotted with innumerable
+specks. Sometimes I surprised shaggy old bulls grazing alone, or
+sleeping behind the ridges I ascended. They would leap up at my
+approach, stare stupidly at me through their tangled manes, and then
+gallop heavily away. The antelope were very numerous; and as they are
+always bold when in the neighborhood of buffalo, they would approach
+quite near to look at me, gazing intently with their great round eyes,
+then suddenly leap aside, and stretch lightly away over the prairie, as
+swiftly as a racehorse. Squalid, ruffianlike wolves sneaked through the
+hollows and sandy ravines. Several times I passed through villages of
+prairie dogs, who sat, each at the mouth of his burrow, holding his paws
+before him in a supplicating attitude, and yelping away most vehemently,
+energetically whisking his little tail with every squeaking cry he
+uttered. Prairie dogs are not fastidious in their choice of companions;
+various long, checkered snakes were sunning themselves in the midst of
+the village, and demure little gray owls, with a large white ring around
+each eye, were perched side by side with the rightful inhabitants. The
+prairie teemed with life. Again and again I looked toward the crowded
+hillsides, and was sure I saw horsemen; and riding near, with a mixture
+of hope and dread, for Indians were abroad, I found them transformed
+into a group of buffalo. There was nothing in human shape amid all this
+vast congregation of brute forms.
+
+When I turned down the buffalo path, the prairie seemed changed; only a
+wolf or two glided past at intervals, like conscious felons, never
+looking to the right or left. Being now free from anxiety, I was at
+leisure to observe minutely the objects around me; and here, for the
+first time, I noticed insects wholly different from any of the varieties
+found farther to the eastward. Gaudy butterflies fluttered about my
+horse's head; strangely formed beetles, glittering with metallic luster,
+were crawling upon plants that I had never seen before; multitudes of
+lizards, too, were darting like lightning over the sand.
+
+I had run to a great distance from the river. It cost me a long ride on
+the buffalo path before I saw from the ridge of a sand-hill the pale
+surface of the Platte glistening in the midst of its desert valleys and
+the faint outline of the hills beyond waving along the sky. From where I
+stood, not a tree nor a bush nor a living thing was visible throughout
+the whole extent of the sun-scorched landscape. In half an hour I came
+upon the trail, not far from the river; and seeing that the party had
+not yet passed, I turned eastward to meet them, old Pontiac's long
+swinging trot again assuring me that I was right in doing so. Having
+been slightly ill on leaving camp in the morning, six or seven hours of
+rough riding had fatigued me extremely. I soon stopped, therefore; flung
+my saddle on the ground, and with my head resting on it, and my horse's
+trail-rope tied loosely to my arm, lay waiting the arrival of the party,
+speculating meanwhile on the extent of the injuries Pontiac had
+received. At length the white wagon coverings rose from the verge of the
+plain. By a singular coincidence, almost at the same moment two horsemen
+appeared coming down from the hills. They were Shaw and Henry, who had
+searched for me awhile in the morning, but well knowing the futility of
+the attempt in such a broken country, had placed themselves on the top
+of the highest hill they could find, and picketing their horses near
+them, as a signal to me, had lain down and fallen asleep. The stray
+cattle had been recovered, as the emigrants told us, about noon. Before
+sunset, we pushed forward eight miles farther.
+
+
+TÊTE ROUGE
+
+The next morning, having directed Delorier to repair with his cart to
+the place of meeting, we came again to the fort to make some
+arrangements for the journey. After completing these we sat down under a
+sort of perch, to smoke with some Cheyenne Indians whom we found there.
+In a few minutes we saw an extraordinary little figure approach us in a
+military dress. He had a small, round countenance, garnished about the
+eyes with the kind of wrinkles commonly known as crow's feet and
+surrounded by an abundant crop of red curls, with a little cap resting
+on the top of them. Altogether, he had the look of a man more conversant
+with mint juleps and oyster suppers than with the hardships of prairie
+service. He came up to us and entreated that we would take him home to
+the settlements, saying that unless he went with us he should have to
+stay all winter at the fort. We liked our petitioner's appearance so
+little that we excused ourselves from complying with his request. At
+this he begged us so hard to take pity on him, that at last we
+consented, though not without many misgivings.
+
+The rugged Anglo-Saxon of our new recruit's real name proved utterly
+unmanageable on the lips of our French attendants, and Henry Chatillon,
+after various abortive attempts to pronounce it, one day coolly
+christened him Tête Rouge, in honor of his red curls. He had at
+different times been clerk of a Mississippi steamboat, and agent in a
+trading establishment at Nauvoo, besides filling various other
+capacities, in all of which he had seen much more of "life" than was
+good for him. In the spring, thinking that a summer's campaign would be
+an agreeable recreation, he had joined a company of Saint Louis
+volunteers.
+
+"There were three of us," said Tête Rouge, "me and Bill Stevens and John
+Hopkins. We thought we would just go out with the army, and when we had
+conquered the country, we would get discharged and take our pay, you
+know, and go down to Mexico. They say there is plenty of fun going on
+there. Then we could go back to New Orleans by way of Vera Cruz."
+
+But Tête Rouge, like many a stouter volunteer, had reckoned without his
+host. Fighting Mexicans was a less amusing occupation than he had
+supposed, and his pleasure trip was disagreeably interrupted by brain
+fever, which attacked him when about halfway to Bent's Fort. He jolted
+along through the rest of the journey in a baggage wagon. When they came
+to the fort he was taken out and left there, together with the rest of
+the sick. Bent's Fort does not supply the best accommodations for an
+invalid. Tête Rouge's sick chamber was a little mud room, where he and a
+companion attacked by the same disease were laid together, with nothing
+but a buffalo robe between them and the ground. The assistant surgeon's
+deputy visited them once a day and brought them each a huge dose of
+calomel, the only medicine, according to his surviving victim, which he
+was acquainted with.
+
+Tête Rouge woke one morning, and turning to his companion, saw his eyes
+fixed upon the beams above with the glassy stare of a dead man. At this
+the unfortunate volunteer lost his senses outright. In spite of the
+doctor, however, he eventually recovered; though between the brain fever
+and the calomel, his mind, originally none of the strongest, was so much
+shaken that it had not quite recovered its balance when we came to the
+fort. In spite of the poor fellow's tragic story, there was something so
+ludicrous in his appearance, and the whimsical contrast between his
+military dress and his most unmilitary demeanor, that we could not help
+smiling at them.
+
+We asked him if he had a gun. He said they had taken it from him during
+his illness, and he had not seen it since; "but perhaps," he observed,
+looking at me with a beseeching air, "you will lend me one of your big
+pistols if we should meet with any Indians." I next inquired if he had a
+horse; he declared he had a magnificent one, and at Shaw's request a
+Mexican led him in for inspection. He exhibited the outline of a good
+horse, but his eyes were sunk in the sockets, and every one of his ribs
+could be counted. There were certain marks too about his shoulders,
+which could be accounted for by the circumstance, that during Tête
+Rouge's illness, his companions had seized upon the insulted charger,
+and harnessed him to a cannon along with the draft horses. To Tête
+Rouge's astonishment we recommended him by all means to exchange the
+horse, if he could, for a mule. Fortunately the people at the fort were
+so anxious to get rid of him that they were willing to make some
+sacrifice to effect the object, and he succeeded in getting a tolerable
+mule in exchange for the broken-down steed.
+
+A man soon appeared at the gate, leading in the mule by a cord which he
+placed in the hands of Tête Rouge, who, being somewhat afraid of his new
+acquisition, tried various flatteries and blandishments to induce her to
+come forward. The mule, knowing that she was expected to advance,
+stopped short in consequence, and stood fast as a rock, looking straight
+forward with immovable composure. Being stimulated by a blow from behind
+she consented to move, and walked nearly to the other side of the fort
+before she stopped again. Hearing the bystanders laugh, Tête Rouge
+plucked up spirit and tugged hard at the rope. The mule jerked backward,
+spun herself round, and made a dash for the gate. Tête Rouge, who clung
+manfully to the rope, went whisking through the air for a few rods, when
+he let go and stood with his mouth open, staring after the mule, who
+galloped away over the prairie. She was soon caught and brought back by
+a Mexican, who mounted a horse and went in pursuit of her with his
+lasso.
+
+Having thus displayed his capacities for prairie traveling, Tête
+proceeded to supply himself with provisions for the journey, and with
+this view he applied to a quartermaster's assistant who was in the fort.
+This official had a face as sour as vinegar, being in a state of chronic
+indignation because he had been left behind the army. He was as anxious
+as the rest to get rid of Tête Rouge. So, producing a rusty key, he
+opened a low door which led to a half-subterranean apartment, into which
+the two disappeared together. After some time they came out again, Tête
+Rouge greatly embarrassed by a multiplicity of paper parcels containing
+the different articles of his forty days' rations. They were consigned
+to the care of Delorier, who about that time passed by with the cart on
+his way to the appointed place of meeting with Munroe and his
+companions.
+
+We next urged Tête Rouge to provide himself, if he could, with a gun. He
+accordingly made earnest appeals to the charity of various persons in
+the fort, but totally without success, a circumstance which did not
+greatly disturb us, since in the event of a skirmish he would be much
+more apt to do mischief to himself or his friends than to the enemy.
+When all these arrangements were completed we saddled our horses and
+were preparing to leave the fort, when looking round we discovered that
+our new associate was in fresh trouble. A man was holding the mule for
+him in the middle of the fort, while he tried to put the saddle on her
+back, but she kept stepping sideways and moving round and round in a
+circle until he was almost in despair. It required some assistance
+before all his difficulties could be overcome. At length he clambered
+into the black war saddle on which he was to have carried terror into
+the ranks of the Mexicans.
+
+"Get up," said Tête Rouge. "Come now, go along, will you."
+
+The mule walked deliberately forward out of the gate. Her recent conduct
+had inspired him with so much awe that he never dared to touch her with
+his whip. We trotted forward toward the place of meeting, but before he
+had gone far we saw that Tête Rouge's mule, who perfectly understood her
+rider, had stopped and was quietly grazing, in spite of his
+protestations, at some distance behind. So getting behind him, we drove
+him and the contumacious mule before us, until we could see through the
+twilight the gleaming of a distant fire.
+
+We began our journey for the frontier settlements on the 27th of August,
+and certainly a more ragamuffin cavalcade never was seen on the upper
+Arkansas. Of the large and fine horses with which we had left the
+frontier in the spring, not one remained; we had supplied their place
+with the rough breed of the prairie, as hardy as mules and almost as
+ugly; we had also with us a number of the latter detestable animals. In
+spite of their strength and hardihood, several of the band were already
+worn down by hard service and hard fare, and as none of them were shod,
+they were fast becoming foot-sore. Every horse and mule had a cord of
+twisted bull-hide coiled around his neck, which by no means added to the
+beauty of his appearance. Our saddles and all our equipments were by
+this time lamentably worn and battered, and our weapons had become dull
+and rusty. The dress of the riders fully corresponded with the
+dilapidated furniture of our horses, and of the whole party none made a
+more disreputable appearance than my friend and I. Shaw had for an upper
+garment an old red flannel shirt, flying open in front and belted around
+him like a frock; while I, in absence of other clothing, was attired in
+a time-worn suit of leather.
+
+Thus happy and careless as so many beggars, we crept slowly from day to
+day along the monotonous banks of the Arkansas. Tête Rouge gave constant
+trouble, for he could never catch his mule, saddle her, or indeed do
+anything else without assistance. Every day he had some new ailment,
+real or imaginary, to complain of. At one moment he would be woebegone
+and disconsolate, and the next he would be visited with a violent flow
+of spirits, to which he could only give vent by incessant laughing,
+whistling, and telling stories. When other resources failed, we used to
+amuse ourselves by tormenting him; a fair compensation for the trouble
+he cost us. Tête Rouge rather enjoyed being laughed at, for he was an
+odd compound of weakness, eccentricity, and good-nature. He made a
+figure worthy of a painter as he paced along before us, perched on the
+back of his mule, and enveloped in a huge buffalo-robe coat, which some
+charitable person had given him at the fort. This extraordinary garment,
+which would have contained two men of his size, he chose, for some
+reason best known to himself, to wear inside out, and he never took it
+off, even in the hottest weather. It was fluttering all over with seams
+and tatters, and the hide was so old and rotten that it broke out every
+day in a new place. Just at the top of it a large pile of red curls was
+visible, with his little cap set jauntily upon one side, to give him a
+military air. His seat in the saddle was no less remarkable than his
+person and equipment. He pressed one leg close against his mule's side,
+and thrust the other out at an angle of 45°. His pantaloons were
+decorated with a military red stripe, of which he was extremely vain;
+but being much too short, the whole length of his boots was usually
+visible below them. His blanket, loosely rolled up into a large bundle,
+dangled at the back of his saddle, where he carried it tied with a
+string. Four or five times a day it would fall to the ground. Every few
+minutes he would drop his pipe, his knife, his flint and steel, or a
+piece of tobacco, and have to scramble down to pick them up. In doing
+this he would contrive to get in everybody's way; and as the most of the
+party were by no means remarkable for a fastidious choice of language, a
+storm of anathemas would be showered upon him, half in earnest and half
+in jest, until Tête Rouge would declare that there was no comfort in
+life, and that he never saw such fellows before.
+
+On the next afternoon, as we moved along the bank of the river, we saw
+the white tops of wagons on the horizon. It was some hours before we met
+them, when they proved to be a train of clumsy ox-wagons, quite
+different from the rakish vehicles of the Santa Fé traders, and loaded
+with government stores for the troops. They all stopped, and the
+drivers gathered around us in a crowd. I thought that the whole frontier
+might have been ransacked in vain to furnish men worse fitted to meet
+the dangers of the prairie. Many of them were mere boys, fresh from the
+plow, and devoid of knowledge and experience.
+
+Just after leaving the government wagons, as Shaw and I were riding
+along a narrow passage between the river bank and a rough hill that
+passed close upon it, we heard Tête Rouge's voice behind us. "Hallo!" he
+called out; "I say, stop the cart just for a minute, will you?"
+
+"What's the matter, Tête?" asked Shaw, as he came riding up to us with a
+grin of exultation. He had a bottle of molasses in one hand, and a large
+bundle of hides on the saddle before him, containing, as he triumphantly
+informed us, sugar, biscuits, coffee, and rice. These supplies he had
+obtained by a stratagem on which he greatly plumed himself, and he was
+extremely vexed and astonished that we did not fall in with his views of
+the matter. He had told Coates, the master-wagoner, that the commissary
+at the fort had given him an order for sick-rations, directed to the
+master of any government train which he might meet upon the road. This
+order he had unfortunately lost, but he hoped that the rations would not
+be refused on that account, as he was suffering from coarse fare and
+needed them very much. As soon as he came to camp that night Tête Rouge
+repaired to the box at the back of the cart, where Delorier used to keep
+his culinary apparatus, took possession of a saucepan, and after
+building a little fire of his own, set to work preparing a meal out of
+his ill-gotten booty. This done, he seized on a tin plate and spoon, and
+sat down under the cart to regale himself. His preliminary repast did
+not at all prejudice his subsequent exertions at supper; where, in spite
+of his miniature dimensions, he made a better figure than any of us.
+Indeed, about this time his appetite grew quite voracious. He began to
+thrive wonderfully. His small body visibly expanded, and his cheeks,
+which when we first took him were rather yellow and cadaverous, now
+dilated in a wonderful manner, and became ruddy in proportion. Tête
+Rouge, in short, began to appear like another man.
+
+
+THE CHASE
+
+The country before us was now thronged with buffalo, and a sketch of the
+manner of hunting them will not be out of place. There are two methods
+commonly practiced, "running" and "approaching." The chase on horseback,
+which goes by the name of "running," is the more violent and dashing
+mode of the two. Indeed, of all American wild sports, this is the
+wildest. Once among the buffalo, the hunter, unless long use has made
+him familiar with the situation, dashes forward in utter recklessness
+and self-abandonment. He thinks of nothing, cares for nothing, but the
+game; his mind is stimulated to the highest pitch, yet intensely
+concentrated on one object. In the midst of the flying herd, where the
+uproar and the dust are thickest, it never wavers for a moment; he drops
+the rein and abandons his horse to his furious career; he levels his
+gun, the report sounds faint amid the thunder of the buffalo; and when
+his wounded enemy leaps in vain fury upon him, his heart thrills with a
+feeling like the fierce delight of the battlefield. A practiced and
+skilful hunter, well mounted, will sometimes kill five or six cows in a
+single chase, loading his gun again and again as his horse rushes
+through the tumult. An exploit like this is quite beyond the capacities
+of a novice.
+
+In attacking a small band of buffalo, or in separating a single animal
+from the herd and assailing it apart from the rest, there is less
+excitement and less danger. With a bold and well-trained horse the
+hunter may ride so close to the buffalo that as they gallop side by side
+he may reach over and touch him with his hand; nor is there much danger
+in this as long as the buffalo's strength and breath continue unabated;
+but when he becomes tired and can no longer run at ease, when his tongue
+lolls out and foam flies from his jaws, then the hunter had better keep
+at a respectful distance; the distressed brute may turn upon him at any
+instant; and especially at the moment when he fires his gun. The wounded
+buffalo springs at his enemy; the horse leaps violently aside; and then
+the hunter has need of a tenacious seat in the saddle, for if he is
+thrown to the ground there is no hope for him. When he sees his attack
+defeated the buffalo resumes his flight, but if the shot be well
+directed he soon stops; for a few minutes he stands still, then totters
+and falls heavily upon the prairie.
+
+The chief difficulty in running buffalo, as it seems to me, is that of
+loading the gun or pistol at full gallop. Many hunters for convenience'
+sake carry three or four bullets in the mouth; the powder is poured
+down the muzzle of the piece, the bullet dropped in after it, the stock
+struck hard upon the pommel of the saddle, and the work is done. The
+danger of this method is obvious. Should the blow on the pommel fail to
+send the bullet home, or should the latter, in the act of aiming, start
+from its place and roll toward the muzzle, the gun would probably burst
+in discharging. Many a shattered hand and worse casualties besides have
+been the result of such an accident. To obviate it, some hunters make
+use of a ramrod, usually hung by a string from the neck, but this
+materially increases the difficulty of loading. The bows and arrows
+which the Indians use in running buffalo have many advantages over
+firearms, and even white men occasionally employ them.
+
+The danger of the chase arises not so much from the onset of the wounded
+animal as from the nature of the ground which the hunter must ride over.
+The prairie does not always present a smooth, level, and uniform
+surface; very often it is broken with hills and hollows, intersected by
+ravines, and in the remoter parts studded by the stiff wild-sage bushes.
+The most formidable obstructions, however, are the burrows of wild
+animals, wolves, badgers, and particularly prairie dogs, with whose
+holes the ground for a very great extent is frequently honeycombed. In
+the blindness of the chase the hunter rushes over it unconscious of
+danger; his horse, at full career, thrusts his leg deep into one of the
+burrows; the bone snaps, the rider is hurled forward to the ground and
+probably killed. Yet accidents in buffalo running happen less frequently
+than one would suppose; in the recklessness of the chase, the hunter
+enjoys all the impunity of a drunken man, and may ride in safety over
+the gullies and declivities where, should he attempt to pass in his
+sober senses, he would infallibly break his neck.
+
+The method of "approaching," being practiced on foot, has many
+advantages over that of "running"; in the former, one neither breaks
+down his horse nor endangers his own life; instead of yielding to
+excitement he must be cool, collected, and watchful; he must understand
+the buffalo, observe the features of the country and the course of the
+wind, and be well skilled, moreover, in using the rifle. The buffalo are
+strange animals; sometimes they are so stupid and infatuated that a man
+may walk up to them in full sight on the open prairie and even shoot
+several of their number before the rest will think it necessary to
+retreat. Again at another moment they will be so shy and wary, that in
+order to approach them the utmost skill, experience, and judgment are
+necessary. Kit Carson, I believe, stands pre-eminent in running buffalo;
+in approaching, no man living can bear away the palm from Henry
+Chatillon.
+
+The next day was one of activity and excitement, for about ten o'clock
+the men in advance shouted the gladdening cry of "Buffalo, buffalo!" and
+in the hollow of the prairie just below us, a band of bulls were
+grazing. The temptation was irresistible, and Shaw and I rode down upon
+them. We were badly mounted on our traveling horses, but by hard lashing
+we overtook them, and Shaw, running alongside of a bull, shot into him
+both balls of his double-barreled gun. Looking around as I galloped
+past, I saw the bull in his mortal fury rushing again and again upon
+his antagonist, whose horse constantly leaped aside, and avoided the
+onset. My chase was more protracted, but at length I ran close to the
+bull and killed him with my pistols. Cutting off the tails of our
+victims by way of trophy, we rejoined the party in about a quarter of an
+hour after we left it.
+
+Again and again that morning rang out the same welcome cry of "Buffalo,
+buffalo!" Every few minutes in the broad meadows along the river, we
+would see bands of bulls, who, raising their shaggy heads, would gaze in
+stupid amazement at the approaching horsemen, and then breaking into a
+clumsy gallop, would file off in a long line across the trail in front,
+toward the rising prairie on the left. At noon, the whole plain before
+us was alive with thousands of buffalo--bulls, cows, and calves--all
+moving rapidly as we drew near; and far off beyond the river the
+swelling prairie was darkened with them to the very horizon. The party
+was in gayer spirits than ever. We stopped for a nooning near a grove of
+trees by the river-side.
+
+"Tongues and hump ribs to-morrow," said Shaw, looking with contempt at
+the venison steaks which Delorier placed before us. Our meal finished,
+we lay down under a temporary awning to sleep. A shout from Henry
+Chatillon aroused us, and we saw him standing on the cart-wheel,
+stretching his tall figure to its full height while he looked toward the
+prairie beyond the river. Following the direction of his eyes we could
+clearly distinguish a large dark object, like the black shadow of a
+cloud, passing rapidly over swell after swell of the distant plain;
+behind it followed another of similar appearance though smaller. Its
+motion was more rapid, and it drew closer and closer to the first. It
+was Arapahoe hunters pursuing a band of buffalo. Shaw and I hastily
+sought and saddled our best horses, and went plunging through sand and
+water to the farther bank. We were too late. The hunters had already
+mingled with the herd, and the work of slaughter was nearly over. When
+we reached the ground we found it strewn far and near with numberless
+black carcasses, while the remnants of the herd, scattered in all
+directions, were flying away in terror, and the Indians still rushing in
+pursuit. Many of the hunters, however, remained upon the spot, and among
+the rest was our yesterday's acquaintance, the chief of the village. He
+had alighted by the side of a cow, into which he had shot five or six
+arrows, and his squaw, who had followed him on horseback to the hunt,
+was giving him a draught of water out of a canteen, purchased or
+plundered from some volunteer soldier. Recrossing the river we overtook
+the party, who were already on their way.
+
+We had scarcely gone a mile when an imposing spectacle presented itself.
+From the river bank on the right, away over the swelling prairie on the
+left, and in front as far as we could see, extended one vast host of
+buffalo. The outskirts of the herd were within a quarter of a mile. In
+many parts they were crowded so densely together that in the distance
+their rounded backs presented a surface of uniform blackness; but
+elsewhere they were more scattered, and from amid the multitude rose
+little columns of dust where the buffalo were rolling on the ground.
+Here and there a great confusion was perceptible, where a battle was
+going forward among the bulls. We could distinctly see them rushing
+against each other, and hear the clattering of their horns and their
+hoarse bellowing. Shaw was riding at some distance in advance, with
+Henry Chatillon; I saw him stop and draw the leather covering from his
+gun. Indeed, with such a sight before us, but one thing could be thought
+of. That morning I had used pistols in the chase. I had now a mind to
+try the virtue of a gun. Delorier had one, and I rode up to the side of
+the cart; there he sat under the white covering, biting his pipe between
+his teeth and grinning with excitement.
+
+[Illustration: ONE VAST HOST OF BUFFALO]
+
+"Lend me your gun, Delorier," said I.
+
+"_Oui, monsieur, oui_,"[126-1] said Delorier, tugging with might and
+main to stop the mule, which seemed obstinately bent on going forward.
+Then everything but his moccasins disappeared as he crawled into the
+cart and pulled at the gun to extricate it.
+
+"_Oui, bien chargé_;[126-2] you'll kill, _mon bourgeois_;[126-3] yes,
+you'll kill--_c'est un bon fusil_."[126-4]
+
+I handed him my rifle and rode forward to Shaw.
+
+"Are you ready?" he asked.
+
+"Come on," said I.
+
+"Keep down that hollow," said Henry, "and then they won't see you till
+you get close to them."
+
+The hollow was a kind of ravine very wide and shallow; it ran obliquely
+toward the buffalo, and we rode at a canter along the bottom until it
+became too shallow, when we bent close to our horses' necks, and then
+finding that it could no longer conceal us, came out of it and rode
+directly toward the herd. It was within gunshot; before its outskirts,
+numerous grizzly old bulls were scattered, holding guard over their
+females. They glared at us in anger and astonishment, walked toward us a
+few yards, and then turning slowly round retreated at a trot which
+afterward broke into a clumsy gallop. In an instant the main body caught
+the alarm. The buffalo began to crowd away from the point toward which
+we were approaching, and a gap was opened in the side of the herd. We
+entered it, still restraining our excited horses. Every instant the
+tumult was thickening. The buffalo, pressing together in large bodies,
+crowded away from us on every hand. In front and on either side we could
+see dark columns and masses, half hidden by clouds of dust, rushing
+along in terror and confusion, and hear the tramp and clattering of ten
+thousand hoofs. That countless multitude of powerful brutes, ignorant of
+their own strength, were flying in a panic from the approach of two
+feeble horsemen. To remain quiet longer was impossible.
+
+"Take that band on the left," said Shaw; "I'll take these in front."
+
+He sprang off, and I saw no more of him. A heavy Indian whip was
+fastened by a band to my wrist; I swung it into the air and lashed my
+horse's flank with all the strength of my arm. Away she darted,
+stretching close to the ground. I could see nothing but a cloud of dust
+before me, but I knew that it concealed a band of many hundreds of
+buffalo. In a moment I was in the midst of the cloud, half suffocated by
+the dust and stunned by the trampling of the flying herd; but I was
+drunk with the chase and cared for nothing but the buffalo. Very soon a
+long dark mass became visible, looming through the dust; then I could
+distinguish each bulky carcass, the hoofs flying out beneath, the short
+tails held rigidly erect. In a moment I was so close that I could have
+touched them with my gun.
+
+Suddenly, to my utter amazement, the hoofs were jerked upward, the tails
+flourished in the air, and amid a cloud of dust the buffalo seemed to
+sink into the earth before me. One vivid impression of that instant upon
+my mind. I remember looking down upon the backs of several buffalo dimly
+visible through the dust. We had run unawares upon a ravine. At that
+moment I was not the most accurate judge of depth and width, but when I
+passed it on my return, I found it about twelve feet deep and not quite
+twice as wide at the bottom. It was impossible to stop; I would have
+done so gladly if I could; so, half sliding, half plunging, down went
+the little mare. I believe she came down on her knees in the loose sand
+at the bottom; I was pitched forward violently against her neck and
+nearly thrown over her head among the buffalo, who amid dust and
+confusion came tumbling in all around. The mare was on her feet in an
+instant and scrambling like a cat up the opposite side. I thought for a
+moment that she would have fallen back and crushed me, but with a
+violent effort she clambered out and gained the hard prairie above.
+Glancing back I saw the huge head of a bull clinging as it were by the
+forefeet at the edge of the dusty gulf. At length I was fairly among the
+buffalo. They were less densely crowded than before, and I could see
+nothing but bulls, who always run at the rear of the herd. As I passed
+amid them they would lower their heads, and turning as they ran, attempt
+to gore my horse; but as they were already at full speed there was no
+force in their onset, and as Pauline ran faster than they, they were
+always thrown behind her in the effort.
+
+I soon began to distinguish cows amid the throng. One just in front of
+me seemed to my liking, and I pushed close to her side. Dropping the
+reins I fired, holding the muzzle of the gun within a foot of her
+shoulder. Quick as lightning she sprang at Pauline; the little mare
+dodged the attack, and I lost sight of the wounded animal amid the
+tumultuous crowd. Immediately after I selected another, and urging
+forward Pauline, shot into her both pistols in succession. For a while I
+kept her in view, but in attempting to load my gun, lost sight of her
+also in the confusion. Believing her to be mortally wounded and unable
+to keep up with the herd, I checked my horse. The crowd rushed onward.
+The dust and tumult passed away, and on the prairie, far behind the
+rest, I saw a solitary buffalo galloping heavily. In a moment I and my
+victim were running side by side. My firearms were all empty, and I had
+in my pouch nothing but rifle bullets, too large for the pistols and too
+small for the gun. I loaded the latter, however, but as often as I
+leveled it to fire, the little bullets would roll out of the muzzle and
+the gun returned only a faint report like a squib, as the powder
+harmlessly exploded. I galloped in front of the buffalo, and attempted
+to turn her back; but her eyes glared, her mane bristled, and lowering
+her head, she rushed at me with astonishing fierceness and activity.
+Again and again I rode before her, and again and again she repeated her
+furious charge. But little Pauline was in her element. She dodged her
+enemy at every rush, until at length the buffalo stood still, exhausted
+with her own efforts; she panted, and her tongue hung lolling from her
+jaws.
+
+Riding to a little distance I alighted, thinking to gather a handful of
+dry grass to serve the purpose of wadding, and load the gun at my
+leisure. No sooner were my feet on the ground than the buffalo came
+bounding in such a rage toward me that I jumped back again into the
+saddle with all possible dispatch. After waiting a few minutes more, I
+made an attempt to ride up and stab her with my knife; but the
+experiment proved such as no wise man would repeat. At length,
+bethinking me of the fringes at the seams of my buckskin pantaloons, I
+jerked off a few of them, and reloading the gun, forced them down the
+barrel to keep the bullet in its place; then approaching, I shot the
+wounded buffalo through the heart. Sinking to her knees, she rolled over
+lifeless on the prairie. To my astonishment, I found that instead of a
+fat cow I had been slaughtering a stout yearling bull. No longer
+wondering at the fierceness he had shown, I opened his throat, and
+cutting out his tongue, tied it at the back of my saddle. My mistake was
+one which a more experienced eye than mine might easily make in the dust
+and confusion of such a chase.
+
+Then for the first time I had leisure to look at the scene around me.
+The prairie in front was darkened with the retreating multitude, and on
+the other hand the buffalo came filing up in endless unbroken columns
+from the low plains upon the river. The Arkansas was three or four miles
+distant. I turned and moved slowly toward it. A long time passed,
+before, far down in the distance, I distinguished the white covering of
+the cart and the little black specks of horsemen before and behind it.
+Drawing near, I recognized Shaw's elegant tunic, the red flannel shirt,
+conspicuous far off. I overtook the party, and asked him what success
+he had met with. He had assailed a fat cow, shot her with two bullets,
+and mortally wounded her. But neither of us were prepared for the chase
+that afternoon, and Shaw, like myself, had no spare bullets in his
+pouch; so he abandoned the disabled animal to Henry Chatillon, who
+followed, dispatched her with his rifle, and loaded his horse with her
+meat.
+
+We encamped close to the river. The night was dark, and as we lay down
+we could hear mingled with the howling of the wolves the hoarse
+bellowing of the buffalo, like the ocean beating upon a distant coast.
+
+
+THE BUFFALO CAMP
+
+The morning was a bright and gay one, and the air so clear that on the
+farthest horizon the outline of the pale blue prairie was sharply drawn
+against the sky. Shaw felt in the mood for hunting; he rode in advance
+of the party, and before long we saw a file of bulls galloping at full
+speed upon a vast green swell of the prairie at some distance in front.
+Shaw came scouring along behind them, arrayed in his red shirt, which
+looked very well in the distance; he gained fast on the fugitives, and
+as the foremost bull was disappearing behind the summit of the swell, we
+saw him in the act of assailing the hindmost; a smoke sprang from the
+muzzle of his gun, and floated away like a little white cloud; the bull
+turned upon him, and just then the rising ground concealed them both
+from view.
+
+We were moving forward until about noon, when we stopped by the side of
+the Arkansas. At that moment Shaw appeared riding slowly down the side
+of a distant hill; his horse was tired and jaded; and when he threw his
+saddle upon the ground, I observed that the tails of two bulls were
+dangling behind it. No sooner were the horses turned loose to feed than
+Henry, asking Munroe to go with him, took his rifle and walked quietly
+away. Shaw, Tête Rouge and I sat down by the side of the cart to discuss
+the dinner which Delorier placed before us; we had scarcely finished
+when we saw Munroe walking toward us along the river bank. Henry, he
+said, had killed four fat cows, and had sent him back for horses to
+bring in the meat. Shaw took a horse for himself and another for Henry,
+and he and Munroe left the camp together.
+
+After a short absence all three of them came back, their horses loaded
+with the choicest parts of the meat; we kept two of the cows for
+ourselves and gave the others to Munroe and his companions. Delorier
+seated himself on the grass before the pile of meat, and worked
+industriously for some time to cut it into thin broad sheets for drying.
+This is no easy matter, but Delorier had all the skill of an Indian
+squaw. Long before night cords of rawhide were stretched around the
+camp, and the meat was hung upon them to dry in the sunshine and pure
+air of the prairie. Our California companions were less successful at
+the work; but they accomplished it after their own fashion, and their
+side of the camp was soon garnished in the same manner as our own.
+
+We meant to remain at this place long enough to prepare provisions for
+our journey to the frontier, which as we supposed might occupy about a
+month. Had the distance been twice as great and the party ten times as
+large, the unerring rifle of Henry Chatillon would have supplied meat
+enough for the whole within two days; we were obliged to remain,
+however, until it should be dry enough for transportation; so we erected
+our tent and made the other arrangements for a permanent camp.
+
+In the meantime we had nothing to do but amuse ourselves. Our tent was
+within a rod of the river, if the broad sand-beds, with a scanty stream
+of water coursing here and there along their surface, deserve to be
+dignified with the name of river. The vast plains on either side were
+almost level with the sand-beds, and they were bounded in the distance
+by low, monotonous hills, parallel to the course of the Arkansas. All
+was one expanse of grass; there was no wood in view, except some trees
+and stunted bushes upon two islands which rose from amid the wet sands
+of the river. Yet far from being dull and tame, this boundless scene was
+often a wild and animated one; for twice a day, at sunrise and at noon,
+the buffalo came issuing from the hills, slowly advancing in their grave
+processions to drink at the river. All our amusements were at their
+expense. Except an elephant, I have seen no animal that can surpass a
+buffalo bull in size and strength, and the world may be searched in vain
+to find anything of a more ugly and ferocious aspect. At first sight of
+him every feeling of sympathy vanishes; no man who has not experienced
+it can understand with what keen relish one inflicts his death wound,
+with what profound contentment of mind he beholds him fall.
+
+The cows are much smaller and of a gentler appearance, as becomes their
+sex. While in this camp we forebore to attack them, leaving to Henry
+Chatillon, who could better judge their fatness and good quality, the
+task of killing such as we wanted for use; but against the bulls we
+waged an unrelenting war. Thousands of them might be slaughtered without
+causing any detriment to the species, for their numbers greatly exceed
+those of the cows; it is the hides of the latter alone which are used
+for the purpose of commerce and for making the lodges of the Indians;
+and the destruction among them is therefore altogether disproportioned.
+
+Our horses were tired, and we now usually hunted on foot. The wide, flat
+sand-beds of the Arkansas, as the reader will remember, lay close by the
+side of our camp. While we were lying on the grass after dinner,
+smoking, conversing, or laughing at Tête Rouge, one of us would look up
+and observe, far out on the plains beyond the river, certain black
+objects slowly approaching. He would inhale a parting whiff from the
+pipe, then rising lazily, take his rifle, which leaned against the cart,
+throw over his shoulder the strap of his pouch and powder-horn, and with
+his moccasins in his hand walk quietly across the sand toward the
+opposite side of the river.
+
+This was very easy; for though the sands were about a quarter of a mile
+wide, the water was nowhere more than two feet deep. The farther bank
+was about four or five feet high, and quite perpendicular, being cut
+away by the water in spring. Tall grass grew along its edge. Putting it
+aside with his hand, and cautiously looking through it, the hunter can
+discern the huge shaggy back of the buffalo slowly swaying to and fro,
+as with his clumsy swinging gait he advances toward the water. The
+buffalo have regular paths by which they come down to drink. Seeing at
+a glance along which of these his intended victim is moving, the hunter
+crouches under the bank within fifteen or twenty yards, it may be, of
+the point where the path enters the river. Here he sits down quietly on
+the sand. Listening intently, he hears the heavy, monotonous tread of
+the approaching bull. The moment after he sees a motion among the long
+weeds and grass just at the spot where the path is channeled through the
+bank. An enormous black head is thrust out, the horns just visible amid
+the mass of tangled mane. Half sliding, half plunging, down comes the
+buffalo upon the river-bed below. He steps out in full sight upon the
+sands. Just before him a runnel of water is gliding, and he bends his
+head to drink. You may hear the water as it gurgles down his capacious
+throat. He raises his head, and the drops trickle from his wet beard. He
+stands with an air of stupid abstraction, unconscious of the lurking
+danger. Noiselessly the hunter cocks his rifle. As he sits upon the
+sand, his knee is raised, and his elbow rests upon it, that he may level
+his heavy weapon with a steadier aim. The stock is at his shoulder; his
+eye ranges along the barrel. Still he is in no haste to fire. The bull,
+with slow deliberation, begins his march over the sands to the other
+side. He advances his fore-leg, and exposes to view a small spot denuded
+of hair, just behind the point of his shoulder; upon this the hunter
+brings the sight of his rifle to bear; lightly and delicately his finger
+presses upon the hair-trigger. Quick as thought the spiteful crack of
+the rifle responds to his slight touch, and instantly in the middle of
+the bare spot appears a small red dot. The buffalo shivers; death has
+overtaken him, he cannot tell from whence; still he does not fall, but
+walks heavily forward, as if nothing had happened. Yet before he has
+advanced far out upon the sand, you see him stop; he totters; his knees
+bend under him, and his head sinks forward to the ground. Then his whole
+vast bulk sways to one side; he rolls over on the sand, and dies with a
+scarcely perceptible struggle.
+
+Waylaying the buffalo in this manner, and shooting them as they come to
+water, is the easiest and laziest method of hunting them. They may also
+be approached by crawling up ravines or behind hills, or even over the
+open prairie. This is often surprisingly easy; but at other times it
+requires the utmost skill of the most experienced hunter. Henry
+Chatillon was a man of extraordinary strength and hardihood; but I have
+seen him return to camp quite exhausted with his efforts, his limbs
+scratched and wounded, and his buckskin dress stuck full of thorns of
+the prickly pear among which he had been crawling. Sometimes he would
+lie flat upon his face, and drag himself along in this position for many
+rods together.
+
+On the second day of our stay at this place, Henry went out for an
+afternoon hunt. Shaw and I remained in camp until, observing some bulls
+approaching the water from the other side of the river, we crossed over
+to attack them. They were so near, however, that before we could get
+under cover of the bank our appearance as we walked over the sands
+alarmed them. Turning round before coming within gunshot, they began to
+move off to the right in a direction parallel to the river. I climbed up
+the bank and ran after them. They were walking swiftly, and before I
+could come within gunshot distance they slowly wheeled about and faced
+toward me. Before they had turned far enough to see me I had fallen flat
+on my face. For a moment they stood and stared at the strange object
+upon the grass; then turning away, again they walked on as before; and
+I, rising immediately ran once more in pursuit. Again they wheeled
+about, and again I fell prostrate. Repeating this three or four times, I
+came at length within a hundred yards of the fugitives, and as I saw
+them turning again I sat down and leveled my rifle. The one in the
+center was the largest I had ever seen. I shot him behind the shoulder.
+His two companions ran off. He attempted to follow, but soon came to a
+stand, and at length lay down as quietly as an ox chewing the cud.
+Cautiously approaching him, I saw by his dull and jellylike eye that he
+was dead.
+
+When I began the chase, the prairie was almost tenantless; but a great
+multitude of buffalo had suddenly thronged upon it, and looking up, I
+saw within fifty rods a heavy, dark column stretching to the right and
+left as far as I could see. I walked toward them. My approach did not
+alarm them in the least. The column itself consisted entirely of cows
+and calves, but a great many old bulls were ranging about the prairie on
+its flank, and as I drew near they faced toward me with such a shaggy
+and ferocious look that I thought it best to proceed no farther. Indeed,
+I was already within close rifle-shot of the column, and I sat down on
+the ground to watch their movements. Sometimes the whole would stand
+still, their heads all facing one way; then they would trot forward, as
+if by common impulse, their hoofs and horns clattering together as they
+moved.
+
+I soon began to hear at a distance on the left the sharp reports of a
+rifle, again and again repeated; and not long after, dull and heavy
+sounds succeeded, which I recognized as the familiar voice of Shaw's
+double-barreled gun. When Henry's rifle was at work there was always
+meat to be brought in. I went back across the river for a horse, and
+returning, reached the spot where the hunters were standing. The buffalo
+were visible on the distant prairie. The living had retreated from the
+ground, but ten or twelve carcasses were scattered in various
+directions. Henry, knife in hand, was stooping over a dead cow, cutting
+away the best and fattest of the meat.
+
+When Shaw left me he had walked down for some distance under the river
+bank to find another bull. At length he saw the plains covered with the
+host of buffalo, and soon after heard the crack of Henry's rifle.
+Ascending the bank, he crawled through the grass, which for a rod or two
+from the river was very high and rank. He had not crawled far before to
+his astonishment he saw Henry standing erect upon the prairie, almost
+surrounded by the buffalo.
+
+Henry was in his appropriate element. Nelson, on the deck of the
+_Victory_, hardly felt a prouder sense of mastery than he. Quite
+unconscious that any one was looking at him, he stood at the full height
+of his tall, strong figure, one hand resting upon his side, and the
+other arm leaning carelessly on the muzzle of his rifle. His eyes were
+ranging over the singular assemblage around him. Now and then he would
+select such a cow as suited him, level his rifle, and shoot her dead;
+then quietly reloading, he would resume his former position. The
+buffalo seemed no more to regard his presence than if he were one of
+themselves; the bulls were bellowing and butting at each other, or else
+rolling about in the dust. A group of buffalo would gather about the
+carcass of a dead cow, snuffing at her wounds; and sometimes they would
+come behind those that had not yet fallen, and endeavor to push them
+from the spot. Now and then some old bull would face toward Henry with
+an air of stupid amazement, but none seemed inclined to attack or fly
+from him.
+
+For some time Shaw lay among the grass, looking in surprise at this
+extraordinary sight; at length he crawled cautiously forward, and spoke
+in a low voice to Henry, who told him to rise and come on. Still the
+buffalo showed no sign of fear; they remained gathered about their dead
+companions. Henry had already killed as many cows as we wanted for use,
+and Shaw, kneeling behind one of the carcasses, shot five bulls before
+the rest thought it necessary to disperse.
+
+The frequent stupidity and infatuation of the buffalo seems the more
+remarkable from the contrast it offers to their wildness and wariness at
+other times. Henry knew all their peculiarities; he had studied them as
+a scholar studies his books, and he derived quite as much pleasure from
+the occupation. The buffalo were a kind of companions to him, and as he
+said, he never felt alone when they were about him. He took great pride
+in his skill in hunting. Henry was one of the most modest of men; yet in
+the simplicity and frankness of his character, it was quite clear that
+he looked upon his pre-eminence in this respect as a thing too palpable
+and well established ever to be disputed. But whatever may have been
+his estimate of his own skill, it was rather below than above that which
+others placed upon it. The only time that I ever saw a shade of scorn
+darken his face was when two volunteer soldiers, who had just killed a
+buffalo for the first time, undertook to instruct him as to the best
+method of "approaching." Henry always seemed to think that he had a sort
+of prescriptive right to the buffalo, and to look upon them as something
+belonging peculiarly to himself. Nothing excited his indignation so much
+as any wanton destruction among the cows, and in his view shooting a
+calf was a cardinal sin.
+
+Henry Chatillon and Tête Rouge were of the same age; that is, about
+thirty. Henry was twice as large, and fully six times as strong as Tête
+Rouge. Henry's face was roughened by winds and storms; Tête Rouge's was
+bloated by sherry cobblers and brandy toddy. Henry talked of Indians and
+buffalo; Tête Rouge of theaters and oyster cellars. Henry had led a life
+of hardship and privation; Tête Rouge never had a whim which he would
+not gratify at the first moment he was able. Henry moreover was the most
+disinterested man I ever saw; while Tête Rouge, though equally
+good-natured in his way, cared for nobody but himself. Yet we would not
+have lost him on any account; he admirably served the purpose of a
+jester in a feudal castle; our camp would have been lifeless without
+him. For the past week he had fattened in a most amazing manner; and
+indeed this was not at all surprising, since his appetite was most
+inordinate. He was eating from morning till night; half the time he
+would be at work cooking some private repast for himself, and he paid a
+visit to the coffee-pot eight or ten times a day. His rueful and
+disconsolate face became jovial and rubicund, his eyes stood out like a
+lobster's, and his spirits, which before were sunk to the depths of
+despondency, were now elated in proportion; all day he was singing,
+whistling, laughing, and telling stories. As he had a considerable fund
+of humor, his anecdotes were extremely amusing, especially since he
+never hesitated to place himself in a ludicrous point of view, provided
+he could raise a laugh by doing so.
+
+Tête Rouge, however, was sometimes rather troublesome; he had an
+inveterate habit of pilfering provisions at all times of the day. He set
+ridicule at utter defiance; and being without a particle of
+self-respect, he would never have given over his tricks, even if they
+had drawn upon him the scorn of the whole party. Now and then, indeed,
+something worse than laughter fell to his share; on these occasions he
+would exhibit much contrition, but half an hour after we would generally
+observe him stealing round to the box at the back of the cart and slyly
+making off with the provisions which Delorier had laid by for supper. He
+was very fond of smoking; but having no tobacco of his own, we used to
+provide him with as much as he wanted, a small piece at a time. At first
+we gave him half a pound together, but this experiment proved an entire
+failure, for he invariably lost not only the tobacco, but the knife
+intrusted to him for cutting it, and a few minutes after he would come
+to us with many apologies and beg for more.
+
+We had been two days at this camp, and some of the meat was nearly fit
+for transportation, when a storm came suddenly upon us. About sunset
+the whole sky grew as black as ink, and the long grass at the river's
+edge bent and rose mournfully with the first gusts of the approaching
+hurricane. Delorier ensconced himself under the cover of the cart. Shaw
+and I, together with Henry and Tête Rouge, crowded into the little tent;
+but first of all the dried meat was piled together, and well protected
+by buffalo robes pinned firmly to the ground.
+
+About nine o'clock the storm broke, amid absolute darkness; it blew a
+gale, and torrents of rain roared over the boundless expanse of open
+prairie. Our tent was filled with mist and spray beating through the
+canvas, and saturating everything within. We could only distinguish each
+other at short intervals by the dazzling flash of lightning, which
+displayed the whole waste around us with its momentary glare. We had our
+fears for the tent; but for an hour or two it stood fast, until at
+length the cap gave way before a furious blast; the pole tore through
+the top, and in an instant we were half suffocated by the cold and
+dripping folds of the canvas, which fell down upon us. Seizing upon our
+guns, we placed them erect, in order to lift the saturated cloth above
+our heads. In this agreeable situation, involved among wet blankets and
+buffalo robes, we spent several hours of the night during which the
+storm would not abate for a moment, but pelted down above our heads with
+merciless fury.
+
+Before long the ground beneath us became soaked with moisture, and the
+water gathered there in a pool two or three inches deep; so that for a
+considerable part of the night we were partially immersed in a cold
+bath. In spite of all this, Tête Rouge's flow of spirits did not desert
+him for an instant; he laughed, whistled, and sung in defiance of the
+storm, and that night he paid off the long arrears of ridicule which he
+owed us. While we lay in silence, enduring the infliction with what
+philosophy we could muster, Tête Rouge, who was intoxicated with animal
+spirits, was cracking jokes at our expense by the hour together.
+
+At about three o'clock in the morning, "preferring the tyranny of the
+open night" to such a wretched shelter, we crawled out from beneath the
+fallen canvas. The wind had abated, but the rain fell steadily. The fire
+of the California men still blazed amid the darkness, and we joined them
+as they sat around it. We made ready some hot coffee by way of
+refreshment; but when some of the party sought to replenish their cups,
+it was found that Tête Rouge, having disposed of his own share, had
+privately abstracted the coffee-pot and drunk up the rest of the
+contents out of the spout.
+
+In the morning, to our great joy, an unclouded sun rose upon the
+prairie. We presented rather a laughable appearance, for the cold and
+clammy buckskin, saturated with water, clung fast to our limbs; the
+light wind and warm sunshine soon dried them again, and then we were all
+incased in armor of intolerable rigidity. Roaming all day over the
+prairie and shooting two or three bulls, were scarcely enough to restore
+the stiffened leather to its usual pliancy.
+
+A great flock of buzzards were usually soaring about a few trees that
+stood on the island just below our camp. Throughout the whole of
+yesterday we had noticed an eagle among them; to-day he was still
+there; and Tête Rouge, declaring that he would kill the bird of America,
+borrowed Delorier's gun and set out on his unpatriotic mission. As might
+have been expected, the eagle suffered no great harm at his hands. He
+soon returned, saying that he could not find him, but had shot a buzzard
+instead. Being required to produce the bird in proof of his assertion,
+he said he believed that he was not quite dead, but he must be hurt,
+from the swiftness with which he flew off.
+
+"If you want," said Tête Rouge, "I'll go and get one of his feathers; I
+knocked off plenty of them when I shot him."
+
+Just opposite our camp was another island covered with bushes, and
+behind it was a deep pool of water, while two or three considerable
+streams coursed over the sand not far off. I was bathing at this place
+in the afternoon when a white wolf, larger than the largest Newfoundland
+dog, ran out from behind the point of the island, and galloped leisurely
+over the sand not half a stone's throw distant. I could plainly see his
+red eyes and the bristles about his snout; he was an ugly scoundrel,
+with a bushy tail, large head, and a most repulsive countenance. Having
+neither rifle to shoot nor stone to pelt him with, I was looking eagerly
+after some missile for his benefit, when the report of a gun came from
+the camp, and the ball threw up the sand just beyond him; at this he
+gave a slight jump, and stretched away so swiftly that he soon dwindled
+into a mere speck on the distant sand-beds.
+
+The number of carcasses that by this time were lying about the prairie
+all around us summoned the wolves from every quarter; the spot where
+Shaw and Henry had hunted together soon became their favorite resort,
+for here about a dozen dead buffalo were fermenting under the hot sun. I
+used often to go over the river and watch them at their meal; by lying
+under the bank it was easy to get a full view of them. Three different
+kinds were present; there were the white wolves and the gray wolves,
+both extremely large, and besides these the small prairie wolves, not
+much bigger than spaniels. They would howl and fight in a crowd around a
+single carcass, yet they were so watchful, and their senses so acute,
+that I was never able to crawl within a fair shooting distance; whenever
+I attempted it, they would all scatter at once and glide silently away
+through the tall grass.
+
+The air above this spot was always full of buzzards or black vultures;
+whenever the wolves left a carcass they would descend upon it, and cover
+it so densely that a rifle-shot at random among the gormandizing crowd
+would generally strike down two or three of them. These birds would now
+be sailing by scores just above our camp, their broad black wings
+seeming half transparent as they expanded them against the bright sky.
+The wolves and the buzzards thickened about us with every hour, and two
+or three eagles also came into the feast. I killed a bull within
+rifle-shot of the camp; that night the wolves made a fearful howling
+close at hand, and in the morning the carcass was completely hollowed
+out by these voracious feeders.
+
+After we had remained four days at this camp we prepared to leave it. We
+had for our own part about five hundred pounds of dried meat, and the
+California men had prepared some three hundred more; this consisted of
+the fattest and choicest parts of eight or nine cows, a very small
+quantity only being taken from each, and the rest abandoned to the
+wolves. The pack animals were laden, the horses were saddled, and the
+mules harnessed to the cart. Even Tête Rouge was ready at last, and
+slowly moving from the ground, we resumed our journey eastward.
+
+When we had advanced about a mile, Shaw missed a valuable hunting knife
+and turned back in search of it, thinking he had left it at the camp. He
+approached the place cautiously, fearful that Indians might be lurking
+about, for a deserted camp is dangerous to return to. He saw no enemy,
+but the scene was a wild and dreary one; the prairie was overshadowed by
+dull, leaden clouds, for the day was dark and gloomy. The ashes of the
+fires were still smoking by the river-side; the grass around them was
+trampled down by men and horses, and strewn with all the litter of a
+camp. Our departure had been a gathering signal to the birds and beasts
+of prey; Shaw assured me that literally dozens of wolves were prowling
+about the smoldering fires, while multitudes were roaming over the
+prairie around; they all fled as he approached, some running over the
+sand-beds and some over the grassy plains. As he searched about the
+fires he saw the wolves seated on the distant hills waiting for his
+departure. Having looked in vain for his knife, he mounted again and
+left the wolves and the vultures to banquet freely upon the carrion of
+the camp.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[126-1] "Yes, sir, yes."
+
+[126-2] "Yes, well loaded."
+
+[126-3] "My master" or "gentleman."
+
+[126-4] "It is a good gun."
+
+
+
+
+THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE
+
+_By_ ALFRED TENNYSON
+
+
+     NOTE.--The Battle of Balaklava, in which the charge commemorated by
+     Tennyson in this poem occurred, was one of the important
+     engagements of the Crimean War, between Russia on the one hand and
+     Turkey, France and England on the other. The battle was fought on
+     October 25th, 1854. Through some error in issuing orders, a brigade
+     of six hundred light cavalry, under Lord Cardigan, was ordered to
+     advance against the Russian center. The numbers of the enemy were
+     overwhelming, and but a remnant of the brigade returned alive.
+
+
+    Half a league, half a league,
+    Half a league onward,
+    All in the valley of Death
+      Rode the six hundred.
+    "Forward, the Light Brigade!
+    Charge for the guns!" he said;
+    Into the valley of death
+      Rode the six hundred.
+
+    "Forward, the Light Brigade!"
+    Was there a man dismay'd?
+    Not tho' the soldier knew
+      Some one had blunder'd:
+    Theirs not to make reply,
+    Theirs not to reason why,
+    Theirs but to do and die:
+    Into the valley of Death
+      Rode the six hundred.
+
+    Cannon to right of them,
+    Cannon to left of them,
+    Cannon in front of them
+      Volley'd and thunder'd;
+    Storm'd at with shot and shell,
+    Boldly they rode and well,
+    Into the jaws of Death,
+    Into the mouth of Hell
+      Rode the six hundred.
+
+    Flash'd all their sabres bare,
+    Flash'd as they turn'd in air
+    Sabring the gunners there,
+    Charging an army, while
+      All the world wonder'd;
+    Plunged in the battery-smoke
+    Right thro' the line they broke;
+    Cossack and Russian
+    Reel'd from the sabre-stroke
+      Shatter'd and sunder'd.
+    Then they rode back, but not,
+      Not the six hundred.
+
+    Cannon to right of them,
+    Cannon to left of them,
+    Cannon behind them
+      Volley'd and thunder'd;
+    Storm'd at with shot and shell,
+    While horse and hero fell,
+    They that had fought so well
+    Came thro' the jaws of Death,
+    Back from the mouth of Hell,
+    All that was left of them,
+      Left of six hundred.
+
+    When can their glory fade?
+    O the wild charge they made!
+      All the world wonder'd.
+    Honor the charge they made!
+    Honor the Light Brigade,
+      Noble six hundred.
+
+
+
+
+FOR A' THAT AND A' THAT
+
+_By_ ROBERT BURNS
+
+
+    Is there, for honest poverty,
+      Wha[149-1] hangs his head, and a' that?
+    The coward slave, we pass him by,
+      We dare be poor for a' that!
+        For a' that, and a' that,
+          Our toils obscure, and a' that;
+        The rank is but the guinea's stamp,
+          The man's the gowd[149-2] for a' that!
+
+    What though on hamely[149-3] fare we dine,
+      Wear hodden-gray,[149-4] and a' that;
+    Gie[149-5] fools their silks, and knaves their wine,
+      A man's a man for a' that!
+        For a' that, and a' that,
+          Their tinsel show and a' that;
+        The honest man though e'er sae poor,
+          Is king o' men for a' that!
+
+    Ye see yon birkie,[150-6] ca'd[150-7] a lord,
+      Wha struts, and stares, and a' that;
+    Though hundreds worship at his word
+      He's but a coof[150-8] for a' that.
+        For a' that, and a' that,
+          His ribbon, star, and a' that;
+        The man of independent mind,
+          He looks and laughs at a' that.
+
+    A prince can mak' a belted knight,
+      A marquis, duke, and a' that;
+    But an honest man's aboon[150-9] his might,
+      Guid faith, he mauna[150-10] fa'[150-11] that!
+        For a' that, and a' that,
+          Their dignities, and a' that;
+        The pith o' sense, and pride o' worth,
+          Are higher rank than a' that.
+
+    Then let us pray that come it may--
+      As come it will for a' that--
+    That sense and worth, o'er a' the earth,
+      May bear the gree,[150-12] and a' that.
+        For a' that, and a' that,
+          It's coming yet, for a' that,
+        When man to man, the warld o'er,
+          Shall brithers be for a' that!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[149-1] _Wha_ is the Scotch form of _who_. It modifies _a man_,
+understood, after _is there_.
+
+[149-2] _Gowd_ means _gold_.
+
+[149-3] _Hamely_ means _homely_, in the sense of _simple_, or _common_.
+
+[149-4] Hodden-gray is coarse woolen cloth.
+
+[149-5] _Gie_ is the Scotch contraction for _give_.
+
+[150-6] A birkie is a conceited, forward fellow.
+
+[150-7] _Ca'd_ is a contracted form of _called_.
+
+[150-8] A coof is a stupid person, a blockhead.
+
+[150-9] _Aboon_ means above.
+
+[150-10] _Mauna_ is _must not_.
+
+[150-11] _Fa_' means _try_.
+
+[150-12] _Bear the gree_ means _carry off the victory_.
+
+
+
+
+BREATHES THERE THE MAN
+
+_By_ SIR WALTER SCOTT
+
+
+    Breathes there the man with soul so dead
+    Who never to himself hath said,
+    This is my own, my native land!
+    Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned,
+    As home his footsteps he hath turned
+      From wandering on a foreign strand?
+    If such there breathe, go, mark him well;
+    For him no minstrel raptures swell;
+    High though his titles, proud his name,
+    Boundless his wealth as wish can claim,
+    Despite those titles, power, and pelf,
+    The wretch, concentred all in self,
+    Living, shall forfeit fair renown,
+    And, doubly dying, shall go down
+    To the vile dust from whence he sprung,
+    Unwept, unhonored, and unsung.
+
+
+
+
+HOW SLEEP THE BRAVE
+
+_By_ WILLIAM COLLINS
+
+
+    How sleep the brave, who sink to rest
+    By all their country's wishes blessed!
+    When Spring, with dewy fingers cold,
+    Returns to deck their hallowed mould,
+    She there shall dress a sweeter sod
+    Than Fancy's feet have ever trod.
+
+    By fairy hands their knell is rung;
+    By forms unseen their dirge is sung;
+    There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray,
+    To bless the turf that wraps their clay;
+    And Freedom shall awhile repair,
+    To dwell a weeping hermit there!
+
+
+
+
+QUEEN VICTORIA
+
+_By_ ANNA MCCALEB
+
+
+George III, King of England, was by no means fortunate in his sons, for
+there was in the most of them little of which a father could be proud.
+Edward, Duke of Kent, the fourth son, was by far the best; he was
+honorable, generous and charitable, so much so in fact that he lived far
+beyond the small income which his royal father was willing to allow him.
+This son married, and to him was born on the twenty-fourth of May, 1819,
+in the Palace of Kensington at London, a daughter.
+
+One month after her birth the child was baptized with great ceremony, a
+gold font being brought from the Tower for the purpose, and the
+Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London officiating. The
+Prince of Wales, at that time acting as Prince Regent in the place of
+his father, who was insane, was the chief sponsor for the child, and he
+gave her the name of Alexandrina in honor of Alexander, Emperor of
+Russia. The Duke of Kent wished her to bear her mother's name also, and
+George IV added the name Victoria. "Little Drina," the child was usually
+called when she was small, but when she grew older she decided that her
+mother's name should stand second to no other, and desired that she be
+called simply Victoria. There were uncles and cousins and her own father
+between the little princess and the throne, and it did not look as if
+her chances of becoming queen were very great, so that people used to
+laugh indulgently when the Duke of Kent would produce his baby and say
+proudly, "Look at her well; she will yet be Queen of England."
+
+Victoria's father died when she was but eight months old, but the child
+knew no lack, for her mother superintended her training and her teaching
+in a very wise manner, for she thought that it was possible, if not
+probable, that her child would one day have the chief place in the
+kingdom, and she wanted to fit her for it. Very simply was the little
+princess brought up; her clothing as well as her food was of the
+plainest, and habits of economy and regularity were impressed upon her
+and stayed with her all her life. Her governess, Baroness Lehzen, was
+German, as were all of her teachers until the time she was twelve years
+old, and it is said that she spoke English with a German accent.
+
+Of course Victoria's life was different from the lives of other
+children, and this she must early have perceived. There are, however,
+little stories of her childhood which show that she was really not so
+different from ordinary children as some of her serious biographers
+would have one think. She was very fond of dolls, and had, it is said,
+one hundred and thirty-two of them who lived in a house of their own.
+Even with these, however, she was not allowed to play just as other
+children did, for her governess made use of them to teach her little
+charge court etiquette. And indeed, some means of teaching the child
+court etiquette was necessary, as her mother refused to allow her to
+appear at the royal court and receive her lessons there at first hand.
+The court of George IV was most disreputable, and the Duchess of Kent
+wisely judged that it was no place for her little daughter. When William
+IV came to the throne in 1830, Victoria's mother still refused to allow
+the child to be much at court, for though the new king was in some ways
+better than his predecessor had been, he was far from being a moral man.
+
+When Victoria was twelve years old her mother felt that it was time she
+should know of the high destiny to which she might be called, for there
+now stood no one between her and the throne, William IV's children
+having died in infancy. Accordingly, the governess placed in a book
+which the princess was reading, a genealogical table, so that the
+princess might come upon it as if by accident. Victoria examined it
+gravely and then exclaimed, "Why I never saw this before!"
+
+"It was not necessary that you should see it," replied the governess.
+
+"I am nearer the throne than I supposed," said the child, and then, with
+a seriousness beyond her years, she added, "It is a great
+responsibility, but I will be good."
+
+Kept as she was from the court world, Victoria was the subject of
+intense interest and curiosity to the English people. England had always
+been fortunate in her queens if not always in her kings, and it was felt
+that if Victoria should come to the throne, England would be the better
+morally. Certain it is that the young girl was adored by the British
+people generally; her simplicity, her prettiness, her fresh girlishness
+appealed to them, and the thought of what she would probably be called
+upon to do lent more than a touch of romance to all that concerned her.
+Nathaniel P. Willis, the American writer, who had seen Victoria during a
+visit to England, wrote: "The princess is much better looking than any
+picture of her in the shops, and for the heir to such a crown as that of
+England, quite unnecessarily pretty and interesting."
+
+Her "Uncle King," as she called William IV, was very wrathful because
+his young niece was not allowed to appear at all court affairs, and at
+one time when the Duchess of Kent and Victoria were present, with about
+a hundred other guests, at his birthday celebration, he made a most
+remarkable speech.
+
+"I only hope," he said, "that I may live for nine months longer, until
+the Princess Victoria is of age, so that I may leave the power in her
+hands and not be forced to entrust it to a regent in the person of a
+lady who sits near me."
+
+At this insult to her mother, Victoria burst into tears, but the Duchess
+herself made no reply.
+
+In 1837 Victoria became of age, and her birthday was celebrated with
+rejoicing throughout the country. Schools were closed, feasts were held,
+and the city of London was brightly illuminated. But at the great ball
+which was given that night, the king could not be present; for he was
+that very day taken ill, and in less than a month he died.
+
+Early in the morning of June twentieth, the Archbishop of Canterbury and
+the Lord Chamberlain hastened to Kensington Palace to acquaint Victoria
+with the fact that she was queen of England. They reached there in the
+gray dawn and found no one stirring. After much waiting and knocking,
+they were shown into the palace, and finally succeeded in having the
+princess's special attendant sent to them. They asked her to inform her
+mistress that they desired to see her immediately on very important
+business; whereupon the attendant told them that she preferred not to
+waken her mistress, who was sleeping soundly. With great dignity then
+the Archbishop said, "We are come on business of State to _The Queen_";
+and thus, startled out of her sleep, Victoria was told by her attendant
+that she was now the first person in Great Britain.
+
+Hastily taking off her nightcap and throwing a shawl over her nightgown,
+Victoria descended to receive the official announcement of her
+succession to the throne of England, and to receive on her hand the kiss
+of allegiance from these two great lords of the realm.
+
+Her first reported words after she was made queen were to the Archbishop
+of Canterbury--"I beg your Grace to pray for me;" and one of her very
+first acts after the august messengers had left her was to write to the
+widowed queen of William IV, Adelaide, offering her condolences and
+begging that she would remain as long as she chose in the royal palace.
+She addressed the letter to "Her Majesty the Queen," and when some one
+standing by said to her, "you are now the queen, and your aunt deserves
+the title no longer," she replied, "I know that, but I shall not be the
+first to remind her of that fact."
+
+Later in the same day, the eighteen-year-old queen was called upon to
+meet the council of the high officers of Church and State. Dressed in
+her simple mourning she looked dignified and calm, and her behavior
+corresponded well with her looks. Of course all the great statesmen who
+were thus called on to meet her, felt much curiosity as to how she would
+carry off her new honors, and one of the greatest. Sir Robert Peel, said
+afterward that he was "amazed at her manner and behavior; at her
+apparent deep sense of her situation, her modesty and at the same time
+her firmness. She appeared to be awed but not daunted."
+
+On the following day she was publicly proclaimed at Saint James's
+Palace, and all of those who had gathered to watch the ceremony, which
+was performed at a window looking out on the courtyard, were as deeply
+impressed as the peers and princes had been on the preceding day. It
+must have been difficult for the simple, unassuming young girl to
+preserve her calm dignity when she heard the singing of that grand
+national anthem, _God Save the Queen_, and knew that it was for her.
+
+In midsummer the queen moved to Buckingham Palace, and on July
+seventeenth she took part in her first elaborate public ceremony--that
+is, she drove in state to dissolve Parliament. All were impressed with
+the manner in which she read her speech, and one distinguished observer
+said to another, "How beautifully she performs!"
+
+A pleasant story is told of the young queen shortly after her accession.
+The Duke of Wellington, whom Victoria greatly admired, brought to her
+for signature a court-martial death sentence. The queen, horrified, and
+feeling that she could not sign her name to such a document, begged the
+Duke to tell her whether there was not some excuse for the offender.
+
+"None," said the Iron Duke; "he has deserted three times."
+
+"Oh, think, your Grace," Victoria replied, "whether there be not
+something in his favor."
+
+"Well," said the Duke, "I am certain that he is a very bad soldier, but
+he may, for aught I know, be a very good man. In fact, I remember
+hearing some one speak for him."
+
+"Oh, thank you!" exclaimed the queen, as she joyously wrote the word
+"Pardoned" across the document.
+
+It soon became evident that the tender-hearted queen would never be able
+to deal with questions of this sort--that there was danger of all
+offenders being pardoned; and a commission was finally appointed to
+attend to such matters.
+
+On June twenty-eighth, 1838, after she had been queen for over a year,
+Victoria was formally crowned at Westminster Abbey. The crown worn by
+her predecessors was far too large for her, so a new crown was made at a
+cost of over five hundred thousand dollars. The spectacle was a most
+impressive and inspiring one, and the queen went through her part in it,
+as she had gone through her part at all ceremonies in which she had
+participated, in a manner which roused anew the enthusiasm of her
+subjects. When the prime minister finally placed the crown on Victoria's
+head, all the peers and peeresses placed their coronets on their heads
+and shouted _God Save the Queen_. Carlyle said of her at that time,
+"Poor little Queen! She is at an age at which a girl can hardly be
+trusted to choose a bonnet for herself, yet a task is laid upon her from
+which an archangel might shrink."
+
+Another writer, however, said, "I consider that it would be impossible
+to exaggerate the enthusiasm of the English people on the accession of
+Victoria to the throne." And it was this enthusiasm on the part of her
+subjects, joined with her own extraordinary common sense, which enabled
+her to bear up under circumstances which might well have daunted an
+older and a wiser sovereign.
+
+Of course one of the chief questions with regard to the new queen was
+that of her marriage. Usually the marriage of a sovereign was
+practically settled as a question of statecraft, but Victoria showed no
+inclination to allow her domestic life to be regulated by her ministers.
+In 1836 there had visited her at Kensington Palace her cousin Albert of
+Saxe-Coburg, and Victoria had looked upon him very favorably. Her uncle
+Leopold of Belgium, who had always been one of her chief advisers,
+desired her to marry Albert, and urged the matter after her accession to
+the throne, but Victoria's answer was, "I am too young and he is too
+young. I shall not think of marrying for four years yet." However, when
+in 1839 Albert and his brother came to England, it was unnecessary for
+uncle or ministers to urge upon Victoria the wisdom of a speedy
+marriage; her own heart was her counselor, and Albert had not been long
+in the palace, before the queen, to whom it was impossible that he
+should propose marriage, proposed marriage to him. She persisted in
+looking upon it as a sacrifice on Albert's part, but we may readily
+believe that he looked upon it in no such manner. They were married on
+February 10, 1840, and then began a life of domestic happiness which was
+unbroken until the death of Albert.
+
+Immediately after the wedding the young couple drove to Windsor, passing
+through over twenty miles of frantically cheering, loyal subjects. On
+their return, after a brief season of seclusion, to Buckingham Palace,
+Victoria turned her attention at once to her royal duties, and Albert
+showed himself from the outset a man peculiarly fitted to aid and advise
+her. His one desire was to sink his own individuality in that of the
+queen, but this was by no means her desire. She could not bear that her
+husband should be regarded as in any way subordinate to herself--that he
+should be forced to take a lower seat, or to walk behind her; and it was
+a real grief to her that she was not able to bestow upon him the title
+of "King Consort" rather than that of "Prince Consort." In one of her
+first letters after her marriage, Victoria said of her husband, "There
+cannot exist a purer, dearer, nobler being in the world than the
+prince," and this same attitude toward her husband she kept throughout
+her life.
+
+Victoria and Albert had nine children, the first the Princess Victoria,
+being born in November, 1840, and the second, the Prince of Wales,
+afterward Edward VII of England, being born in November, 1841. The
+pictures that we have of the home life of this royal family; of the
+discipline, loving but firm, to which the children were subjected, and
+of the way in which the parents really lived with their children, are
+most charming. A little story tells how the Princess Victoria, when but
+a child, was told that if she persisted in speaking to the family
+physician simply as "Brown" without prefixing either "Mr." or "Dr.," she
+should certainly be sent to bed. When the doctor came the next morning,
+the little girl said, "Good-morning, Brown," and then hastily added,
+"and good-night, Brown, for I am going to bed."
+
+Of course the life of this queen of the greatest of all European
+countries, and that of her husband, were not all made up of pleasant
+domestic duties, and journeyings from Buckingham Palace to Osborne, the
+summer home on the Isle of Wight, and to Balmoral in Scotland; infinite
+in number were the demands made by the State on Victoria's time and on
+her clear intelligence. Prince Albert, too, was unweariedly busied on
+public matters. No great enterprise was considered fairly launched, no
+public building was thought properly opened without a speech from the
+Prince Consort. Victoria could not well have been made prouder of him
+than she was on her marriage day, but she was happy beyond words to find
+that the English people were coming to recognize his worth. They had
+been suspicious of him at first, and had found fault with almost every
+act of his. And indeed, they did not come to do him full justice until
+after his death.
+
+That men should have been found ready and willing to make attempts on
+the life of this queen, who showed herself no less wise in ruling than
+she was loving and womanly in her domestic life, seems well-nigh
+incredible; but as one writer has said, Victoria was "the greatest royal
+target in Europe." Repeated attempts were made to assassinate her, but
+they were always made by fanatics or insane men, and were in no wise the
+result of any general movement against her. Indeed, at each attempt she
+endeared herself the more to her people by her firmness and
+fearlessness, and by her willingness to show herself bravely in public.
+
+The exquisitely happy home life of the queen was brought to a close, and
+new public burdens were laid upon her, by the death of Prince Albert on
+December fourteenth, 1861. Throughout his illness of but two weeks, the
+queen was constantly with him, and not until the end was almost at hand
+did she admit even to herself that there was no hope. She had so
+earnestly desired that they might grow old together and that she might
+never be left after his death, that she could not persuade herself that
+he was really to die. Her account in her diary of his illness and death
+is most beautiful. His tenderness for her never failed, and when,
+shortly before his death, when he knew no one else, she bent over him
+and whispered, "It is your own little wife," he knew her and kissed her.
+
+After her husband's death the queen withdrew largely from public
+affairs, and her place was most admirably taken on all social occasions
+by her daughter-in-law, Alexandra of Denmark, whom the Prince of Wales
+married in 1863. When, however, the queen felt that her presence was
+necessary on any public occasion, she was always ready and willing to
+set aside her personal feelings, and let herself be seen by her
+subjects. To the last, too, she maintained her hold on affairs,
+directing business, political and domestic matters, with the same
+excellent judgment that she had shown all her life.
+
+A most notable event in the queen's life occurred in 1897. This was the
+celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of her reign, and it was
+commemorated throughout her dominions with an enthusiasm which was
+without parallel. Processions, illuminations, and speech-making took
+place in every town in Great Britain, and city vied with city in
+erecting memorials of the occasion. The queen's strength was greatly
+taxed during the Jubilee period, but she speedily regained her customary
+vigor.
+
+Somewhat less than four years later, however, in January of 1901, the
+entire nation was made anxious by the news that the queen was ill. She
+grew steadily worse, and late in the afternoon of January 22nd, she
+died, to the intense grief, not only of her own subjects, but of all
+peoples in the world.
+
+In this brief sketch of the life of England's great queen, practically
+no reference has been made to political affairs; her life has been
+treated merely from the personal, or domestic, side. However, it is not
+to be for a moment supposed that the queen was so absorbed in her family
+and her friends, dear as these always were to her, that she neglected
+matters of state. Every important project that was attempted during her
+reign had her consideration, and all of her ministers united in
+regarding her opinion as valuable beyond words. The influence of this
+wonderful woman on the history of her times was incalculable, and
+further study of her life and character will only deepen and intensify
+the respect and love which all must hold for her memory.
+
+
+
+
+THE RECESSIONAL
+
+_By_ RUDYARD KIPLING
+
+
+     NOTE.--_The Recessional_ is one of the most delicate and graceful
+     poems in the language, yet it has such strength and virility, is so
+     easily understood and has such profound religious sentiment, that
+     it is regarded as one of the noblest things ever written. Kipling
+     himself tells us how it was written:
+
+     "That poem gave me more trouble than anything I ever wrote. I had
+     promised the _Times_ a poem on the Jubilee, and when it became due,
+     I had written nothing that had satisfied me. The _Times_ began to
+     want the poem badly, and sent letter after letter asking for it. I
+     made many more attempts but no further progress. Finally the
+     _Times_ began sending telegrams. So I shut myself in a room with a
+     determination to stay there until I had written a Jubilee poem.
+     Sitting down with all my previous attempts before me I searched
+     through those dozens of sketches, till at last I found just one
+     line I liked. That was, 'Lest we forget.' Round these words _The
+     Recessional_ was written."
+
+
+    God of our fathers, known of old--
+      Lord of our far-flung battle line,
+    Beneath whose awful Hand we hold
+      Dominion over palm and pine--
+    Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,
+    Lest we forget--lest we forget!
+
+    The tumult and the shouting dies--
+      The Captains and the Kings depart.
+    Still stands Thine ancient Sacrifice,
+      An humble and a contrite heart.[164-1]
+    Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,
+    Lest we forget--lest we forget!
+
+[Illustration: ON DUNE AND HEADLAND]
+
+    Far-called our navies melt away--
+      On dune and headland sinks the fire;
+    Lo, all our pomp of yesterday
+      Is one with Nineveh and Tyre!
+    Judge of all Nations, spare us yet,
+    Lest we forget--lest we forget!
+
+    If, drunk with sight of power, we loose
+      Wild tongues that have not Thee in awe--
+    Such boasting as the Gentiles use
+      Or lesser breeds without the law--
+    Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,
+    Lest we forget--lest we forget!
+
+    For heathen heart that puts her trust
+      In reeking tube and iron shard--
+    All valiant dust that builds on dust,
+      And guarding calls not Thee to guard--
+    For frantic boast and foolish word,
+      Thy mercy on thy People, Lord!
+                                Amen!
+
+
+     A recessional is a hymn sung while the clergy and the choir are
+     retiring at the end of a church service. We must remember that this
+     hymn was written for the celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of
+     the coronation of Queen Victoria, and that its sentiment is
+     English. The central idea appearing in the refrain at the end of
+     each stanza is that the nation must recognize the presence of God,
+     and remember its duties to Him. While the phrases in the poem call
+     us constantly back to England and English dominions, yet the
+     sentiment is so universal and so applicable to all nations, that
+     the hymn is admired everywhere.
+
+     The first stanza refers to the conquests of England, whose battle
+     lines have been flung far over all parts of the world, and to the
+     fact that under the awful hand of God the British hold dominion
+     over India and the tropical lands where the palm tree grows, as
+     well as over the pine-clad hills of Canada and other Northern
+     regions. It is an appeal to the Almighty to be with the nation, and
+     to remind the people of their duty to the God of Hosts. The
+     succeeding stanzas may be paraphrased as follows:
+
+     After the tumult and the shouting of the celebration die away, when
+     the captains and the kings, who have met from all parts of the
+     world to pay homage to the queen and to the nation, depart, there
+     still remains as the most acceptable gift to God, the ancient
+     sacrifice--an humble and a contrite heart.
+
+     The British navies, called to far distant climes, separate and melt
+     away. Sinking below the horizon they see behind them on the dunes
+     and headlands the smouldering bonfires lit in celebration of the
+     Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The once magnificent cities of
+     Nineveh and Tyre are now in ruins, perhaps covered by shifting
+     desert sands. Their pomp and their glory have departed, but no more
+     completely than the glory and the pomp of yesterday have gone from
+     the nation. Judge of all Nations, spare the English from
+     destruction, and keep them in mind of their obligations to Thee.
+
+     If, glorying in our power, we talk wildly of what we have done in
+     words that give no praise to God, and boast as the barbaric races
+     do, we pray Thee, Lord God of Hosts, to remind us that everything
+     we possess has come from thy guiding hand.
+
+     Show mercy to thy people, Lord, for frantic boasts and foolish
+     words, for heathen hearts that put their trust in reeking cannon
+     and the fragments of bursting shells, and to those who, bravely
+     guarding the wide borders of our land, forget that they are but
+     valiant dust, and call not upon Thee to guard them.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[164-1] This is a reference to _Psalms LI, 17_: "The sacrifices of God
+are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not
+despise."
+
+
+
+
+THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER[167-*]
+
+_By_ FRANCIS SCOTT KEY
+
+
+    O say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,
+      What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?
+    Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight,
+      O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming!
+    And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
+    Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
+    O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave
+    O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave?
+
+    On that shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
+      Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
+    What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
+      As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?
+    Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
+    In full glory reflected now shines on the stream;
+    'Tis the star-spangled banner! O long may it wave
+    O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!
+
+    And where is that band who so vauntingly swore
+      That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion
+    A home and a country should leave us no more?
+      Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution.
+    No refuge could save the hireling and slave
+    From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave;
+    And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave
+    O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave.
+
+    O thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand
+      Between their loved homes and the war's desolation!
+    Blest with vic'try and peace, may the heaven-rescued land
+      Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation!
+    Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
+    And this be our motto, "_In God is our trust_";
+    And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
+    O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[167-*] On the night of Sept. 12, 1814, Fort Henry in Chesapeake Bay not
+far from Baltimore was unsuccessfully attacked by a British fleet. The
+author, detained a prisoner on the fleet, witnessed the bombardment and
+began the song there.
+
+
+
+
+HOW'S MY BOY?
+
+_By_ SYDNEY DOBELL
+
+
+    "Ho, sailor of the sea!
+    How's my boy--my boy?"
+    "What's your boy's name, good wife,
+    And in what ship sailed he?"
+
+    "My boy John--
+    He that went to sea--
+    What care I for the ship, sailor?
+    My boy's my boy to me.
+
+    "You come back from the sea,
+    And not know my John?
+    I might as well have asked some landsman
+    Yonder down in the town.
+    There's not an ass in all the parish
+    But he knows my John.
+
+    "How's my boy--my boy?
+    And unless you let me know
+    I'll swear you are no sailor,
+    Blue jacket or no,
+    Brass buttons or no, sailor,
+    Anchor and crown, or no!
+    Sure his ship was the 'Jolly Briton--'"
+    "Speak low, woman, speak low!"
+
+    "And why should I speak low, sailor,
+    About my own boy John?
+    If I was loud as I am proud
+    I'd sing him over the town!
+    Why should I speak low, sailor?"
+    "That good ship went down."
+
+    "How's my boy--my boy?
+    What care I for the ship, sailor,
+    I was never aboard her.
+    Be she afloat or be she aground,
+    Sinking or swimming, I'll be bound
+    Her owners can afford her!
+    I say, how's my John?"
+    "Every man on board went down,
+    Every man aboard her."
+
+    "How's my boy--my boy?
+    What care I for the men, sailor?
+    I'm not their mother--
+    How's my boy--my boy?
+    Tell me of him and no other!
+    How's my boy--my boy?"
+
+
+
+
+THE SOLDIER'S DREAM
+
+_By_ THOMAS CAMPBELL
+
+
+    Our bugles sang truce, for the night-cloud had lower'd,
+      And the sentinel stars set their watch in the sky;
+    And thousands had sunk on the ground overpower'd,
+      The weary to sleep, and the wounded to die.
+
+    When reposing that night on my pallet of straw
+      By the wolf-scaring fagot that guarded the slain,
+    At the dead of the night a sweet Vision I saw;
+      And thrice ere the morning I dreamt it again.
+
+    Methought from the battlefield's dreadful array
+      Far, far, I had roam'd on a desolate track:
+    'Twas Autumn--and sunshine arose on the way
+      To the home of my fathers, that welcomed me back.
+
+    I flew to the pleasant fields traversed so oft
+      In life's morning march, when my bosom was young;
+    I heard my own mountain-goats bleating aloft,
+      And knew the sweet strain that the corn-reapers sung.
+
+    Then pledged we the wine-cup, and fondly I swore
+      From my home and my weeping friends never to part;
+    My little ones kiss'd me a thousand times o'er,
+      And my wife sobb'd aloud in her fulness of heart.
+
+    "Stay--stay with us!--rest!--thou art weary and worn!"--
+      And fain was their war-broken soldier to stay;--
+    But sorrow return'd with the dawning of morn,
+      And the voice in my dreaming ear melted away.
+
+
+
+
+MAKE WAY FOR LIBERTY!
+
+_By_ JAMES MONTGOMERY
+
+
+     NOTE.--In the fourteenth century the Swiss people rose against
+     their Austrian oppressors, and at Sempach they won, on July 9,
+     1386, a complete victory over an army which greatly exceeded them
+     in numbers. According to tradition, a Swiss hero, Arnold
+     Winkelried, seeing that the Austrian line was well-nigh
+     unbreakable, gathered the spears of several of his enemies in his
+     arms and pressed the points against his breast, thus making a way
+     for his companions. A monument was erected in his honor five
+     centuries after the battle.
+
+
+    "Make way for Liberty!"--he cried;
+    Made way for Liberty, and died!
+
+      In arms the Austrian phalanx stood.
+    A living wall, a human wood!
+    A wall, where every conscious stone
+    Seemed to its kindred thousands grown;
+    A rampart all assaults to bear,
+    Till time to dust their frames should wear;
+    A wood, like that enchanted grove
+    In which with fiends Rinaldo strove,
+    Where every silent tree possessed
+    A spirit prisoned in its breast,
+    Which the first stroke of coming strife
+    Would startle into hideous life;
+    So dense, so still, the Austrians stood,
+    A living wall, a human wood!
+    Impregnable their front appears,
+    All horrent with projected spears,
+    Whose polished points before them shine,
+    From flank to flank, one brilliant line,
+    Bright as the breakers' splendors run
+    Along the billows to the sun.
+
+      Opposed to these, a hovering band
+    Contended for their native land:
+    Peasants, whose new-found strength had broke
+    From manly necks the ignoble yoke,
+    And forged their fetters into swords,
+    On equal terms to fight their lords,
+    And what insurgent rage had gained
+    In many a mortal fray maintained;
+    Marshaled once more at Freedom's call,
+    They came to conquer or to fall,
+    Where he who conquered, he who fell,
+    Was deemed a dead or living Tell!
+    Such virtue had that patriot breathed,
+    So to the soil his soul bequeathed,
+    That wheresoe'er his arrows flew
+    Heroes in his own likeness grew,
+    And warriors sprang from every sod
+    Which his awakening footstep trod.
+
+      And now the work of life and death
+    Hung on the passing of a breath;
+    The fire of conflict burnt within,
+    The battle trembled to begin;
+    Yet, while the Austrians held their ground,
+    Point for attack was nowhere found,
+    Where'er the impatient Switzers gazed,
+    The unbroken line of lances blazed;
+    That line 't were suicide to meet,
+    And perish at their tyrants' feet,--
+    How could they rest within their graves,
+    And leave their homes the homes of slaves?
+    Would they not feel their children tread
+    With clanging chains above their head?
+
+      It must not be: this day, this hour,
+    Annihilates the oppressor's power;
+    All Switzerland is in the field,
+    She will not fly, she cannot yield,--
+    She must not fall; her better fate
+    Here gives her an immortal date.
+    Few were the number she could boast;
+    But every freeman was a host,
+    And felt as though himself were he
+    On whose sole arm hung victory.
+
+      It did depend on _one_ indeed;
+    Behold him,--Arnold Winkelried!
+    There sounds not to the trump of fame
+    The echo of a nobler name.
+    Unmarked he stood amid the throng,
+    In rumination deep and long,
+    Till you might see, with sudden grace,
+    The very thought come o'er his face,
+    And by the motion of his form
+    Anticipate the bursting storm,
+    And by the uplifting of his brow
+    Tell where the bolt would strike, and how.
+
+      But 't was no sooner thought than done,
+    The field was in a moment won:--
+
+      "Make way for Liberty!" he cried,
+    Then ran, with arms extended wide,
+    As if his dearest friend to clasp;
+    Ten spears he swept within his grasp.
+
+      "Make way for Liberty!" he cried;
+    Their keen points met from side to side;
+    He bowed amongst them like a tree,
+    And thus made way for Liberty.
+
+      Swift to the breach his comrades fly;
+    "Make way for Liberty!" they cry,
+    And through the Austrian phalanx dart,
+    As rushed the spears through Arnold's heart;
+    While, instantaneous as his fall,
+    Rout, ruin, panic, scattered all;
+    An earthquake could not overthrow
+    A city with a surer blow.
+
+      Thus Switzerland again was free;
+    Thus death made way for Liberty!
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD CONTINENTALS
+
+_By_ GUY HUMPHREYS MCMASTER
+
+
+      In their ragged regimentals
+      Stood the old continentals,
+            Yielding not,
+      When the grenadiers were lunging,
+      And like hail fell the plunging
+          Cannon-shot;
+            When the files
+            Of the isles,
+    From the smoky night encampment, bore the banner of the rampant
+            Unicorn,
+    And grummer, grummer, grummer rolled the roll of the drummer,
+            Through the morn!
+
+        Then with eyes to the front all,
+        And with guns horizontal,
+            Stood our sires;
+        And the balls whistled deadly,
+        And in streams flashing redly
+            Blazed the fires;
+            As the roar
+            On the shore,
+    Swept the strong battle-breakers o'er the green-sodded acres
+            Of the plain;
+    And louder, louder, louder, cracked the black gun-powder,
+            Cracking amain!
+
+        Now like smiths at their forges
+        Worked the red Saint George's
+            Cannoneers;
+        And the "villainous saltpetre"
+        Rung a fierce, discordant metre
+            Round their ears;
+            As the swift
+            Storm-drift,
+    With hot sweeping anger, came the horseguards' clangor
+            On our flanks.
+    Then higher, higher, higher, burned the old-fashioned fire
+            Through the ranks!
+
+        Then the old-fashioned colonel
+        Galloped through the white infernal
+            Powder-cloud;
+        And his broad sword was swinging
+        And his brazen throat was ringing
+            Trumpet loud.
+            Then the blue
+            Bullets flew,
+    And the trooper jackets redden at the touch of the leaden
+            Rifle-breath;
+    And rounder, rounder, rounder, roared the iron six-pounder,
+            Hurling death!
+
+
+
+
+THE PICKET-GUARD
+
+_By_ MRS. ETHEL LYNN BEERS
+
+
+    "All quiet along the Potomac," they say,
+      "Except now and then a stray picket
+    Is shot, as he walks on his beat, to and fro,
+      By a rifleman hid in the thicket.
+    'T is nothing: a private or two, now and then,
+      Will not count in the news of the battle;
+    Not an officer lost--only one of the men,
+      Moaning out, all alone, the death rattle."
+
+    All quiet along the Potomac to-night,
+      Where the soldiers lie peacefully dreaming;
+    Their tents in the rays of the clear autumn moon,
+      Or the light of the watch-fires, are gleaming.
+    A tremulous sigh, as the gentle night wind
+      Through the forest leaves softly is creeping;
+    While stars up above, with their glittering eyes,
+      Keep guard--for the army is sleeping.
+
+    There's only the sound of the lone sentry's tread
+      As he tramps from the rock to the fountain,
+    And he thinks of the two in the low trundle-bed,
+      Far away in the cot on the mountain.
+    His musket falls slack; his face, dark and grim,
+      Grows gentle with memories tender,
+    As he mutters a prayer for the children asleep,
+      For their mother,--may Heaven defend her!
+
+    The moon seems to shine just as brightly as then,
+      That night when the love yet unspoken
+    Leaped up to his lips--when low, murmured vows
+      Were pledged to be ever unbroken;
+    Then drawing his sleeve roughly over his eyes,
+      He dashes off tears that are welling,
+    And gathers his gun closer up to its place,
+      As if to keep down the heart-swelling.
+
+    He passes the fountain, the blasted pine tree,--
+      The footstep is lagging and weary;
+    Yet onward he goes, through the broad belt of light,
+      Toward the shade of the forest so dreary.
+    Hark! was it the night wind that rustled the leaves?
+      Was it moonlight so wondrously flashing?
+    It looked like a rifle: "Ha! Mary, good-by!"
+      And the life-blood is ebbing and plashing.
+
+    All quiet along the Potomac to-night,--
+      No sound save the rush of the river;
+    While soft falls the dew on the face of the dead,--
+      The picket's off duty forever.
+
+
+
+
+MY OLD KENTUCKY HOME
+
+_By_ STEPHEN COLLINS FOSTER
+
+
+    The sun shines bright in our old Kentucky home;
+      'Tis summer, the darkeys are gay;
+    The corn top's ripe and the meadow's in the bloom,
+      While the birds make music all the day;
+    The young folks roll on the little cabin floor,
+      All merry, all happy, all bright;
+    By'm by hard times comes knockin' at the door,--
+      Then my old Kentucky home, good night!
+
+    CHORUS
+
+      Weep no more, my lady; O weep no more to-day!
+      We'll sing one song for my old Kentucky home,
+      For my old Kentucky home far away.
+
+    They hunt no more for the possum and the coon,
+      On the meadow, the hill, and the shore;
+    They sing no more by the glimmer of the moon,
+      On the bench by the old cabin door;
+    The day goes by, like a shadow o'er the heart,
+      With sorrow where all was delight;
+    The time has come, when the darkeys have to part,
+      Then, my old Kentucky home, good night!
+
+    The head must bow, and the back will have to bend,
+      Wherever the darkey may go;
+    A few more days, and the troubles all will end,
+      In the field where the sugar-cane grow;
+    A few more days to tote the weary load,
+      No matter, it will never be light;
+    A few more days till we totter on the road,
+      Then, my old Kentucky home, good night!
+
+
+
+
+THE FORSAKEN MERMAN
+
+_By_ MATTHEW ARNOLD
+
+
+    Come, dear children, let us away;
+    Down and away below!
+    Now my brothers call from the bay,
+    Now the great winds shoreward blow,
+    Now the salt tides seaward flow;
+    Now the wild white horses play,
+    Champ and chafe and toss in the spray.
+    Children dear, let us away!
+    This way, this way!
+
+    Call her once before you go--
+    Call once yet!
+    In a voice that she will know
+    "Margaret! Margaret!"
+    Children's voices should be dear
+    (Call once more) to a mother's ear;
+    Children's voices, wild with pain--
+    Surely she will come again!
+    Call her once and come away;
+    This way, this way!
+    "Mother dear, we cannot stay!
+    The wild white horses foam and fret."
+    Margaret! Margaret!
+
+    Come, dear children, come away down;
+    Call no more!
+    One last look at the white-wall'd town,
+    And the little gray church on the windy shore;
+    Then come down!
+    She will not come though you call all day;
+    Come away, come away!
+
+[Illustration: THE LITTLE GRAY CHURCH ON THE WINDY SHORE]
+
+    Children dear, was it yesterday
+    We heard the sweet bells over the bay?
+    In the caverns where we lay,
+    Through the surf and through the swell,
+    The far-off sound of a silver bell?
+    Sand-strewn caverns, cool and deep,
+    Where the winds are all asleep;
+    Where the spent lights quiver and gleam,
+    Where the salt weed sways in the stream,
+    Where the sea beasts, ranged all around,
+    Feed in the ooze of their pasture ground;
+    Where the sea snakes coil and twine,
+    Dry their mail and bask in the brine;
+    Where great whales come sailing by,
+    Sail and sail, with unshut eye,
+    Round the world for ever and aye?
+    When did music come this way?
+    Children dear, was it yesterday?
+
+    Children dear, was it yesterday
+    (Call yet once) that she went away?
+    Once she sate with you and me,
+    On a red gold throne in the heart of the sea,
+    And the youngest sate on her knee.
+    She comb'd its bright hair, and she tended it well,
+    When down swung the sound of a far-off bell.
+    She sigh'd, she look'd up through the clear green sea;
+    She said: "I must go, for my kinsfolk pray
+    In the little gray church on the shore to-day.
+    'Twill be Easter-time in the world--ah me!
+    And I lose my poor soul, Merman! here with thee."
+    I said: "Go up, dear heart, through the waves;
+    Say thy prayer, and come back to the kind sea caves!"
+    She smil'd, she went up through the surf in the bay.
+    Children dear, was it yesterday?
+    Children dear, were we long alone?
+    "The sea grows stormy, the little ones moan;
+    Long prayers," I said, "in the world they say;
+    Come!" I said; and we rose through the surf in the bay.
+    We went up the beach, by the sandy down
+    Where the sea stocks bloom, to the white-wall'd town;
+    Through the narrow, pav'd streets, where all was still,
+    To the little gray church on the windy hill.
+    From the church came a murmur of folk at their prayers,
+    But we stood without in the cold blowing airs.
+    We climb'd on the graves, on the stones worn with rains,
+    And we gaz'd up the aisle through the small leaded panes.
+    She sate by the pillar; we saw her clear;
+    "Margaret, hist! come quick, we are here!
+    Dear heart," I said, "we are long alone;
+    The sea grows stormy, the little ones moan."
+    But, ah, she gave me never a look,
+    For her eyes were seal'd to the holy book!
+    Loud prays the priest: shut stands the door.
+    Come away, children, call no more!
+    Come away, come down, call no more!
+    Down, down, down!
+    Down to the depths of the sea!
+    She sits at her wheel in the humming town,
+    Singing most joyfully.
+    Hark what she sings: "O joy, O joy.
+    For the humming street, and the child with its toy!
+    For the priest, and the bell, and the holy well;
+    For the wheel where I spun,
+    And the blessed light of the sun!"
+    And so she sings her fill.
+    Singing most joyfully,
+    Till the spindle drops from her hand,
+    And the whizzing wheel stands still.
+    She steals to the window, and looks at the sand,
+    And over the sand at the sea;
+    And her eyes are set in a stare;
+    And anon there breaks a sigh,
+    And anon there drops a tear,
+    From a sorrow-clouded eye,
+    And a heart sorrow-laden,
+    A long, long sigh,
+    For the cold, strange eyes of a little Mermaiden
+    And the gleam of her golden hair.
+
+        Come away, away, children;
+        Come, children, come down!
+        The hoarse wind blows colder;
+        Lights shine in the town.
+        She will start from her slumber
+        When gusts shake the door;
+        She will hear the winds howling,
+        Will hear the waves roar.
+
+        We shall see, while above us
+        The waves roar and whirl,
+        A ceiling of amber,
+        A pavement of pearl.
+        Singing: "Here came a mortal,
+        But faithless was she!
+        And alone dwell for ever
+        The kings of the sea."
+
+        But, children, at midnight,
+        When soft the winds blow,
+        When clear falls the moonlight,
+        When spring-tides are low;
+        When sweet airs come seaward
+        From heaths starr'd with broom,
+        And high rocks throw mildly
+        On the blanch'd sands a gloom;
+        Up the still, glistening beaches,
+        Up the creeks we will hie,
+        Over banks of bright seaweed
+        The ebb-tide leaves dry.
+        We will gaze, from the sand hills,
+        At the white, sleeping town;
+        At the church on the hillside--
+        And then come back down.
+        Singing: "There dwells a lov'd one,
+        But cruel is she!
+        She left lonely forever
+        The kings of the sea."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+TOM AND MAGGIE TULLIVER
+
+
+     NOTE.--This account of Tom and Maggie Tulliver is taken from the
+     early chapters of George Eliot's _The Mill on the Floss_. The book
+     follows the fortunes of Tom and Maggie, whom at the opening of the
+     story we find living with their parents at the old mill house on
+     the Floss River, until they meet their death, in their early
+     manhood and womanhood. We give here, however, only a part of the
+     story of their childhood.
+
+
+I
+
+It was a heavy disappointment to Maggie that she was not allowed to go
+with her father in the gig when he went to fetch Tom home from the
+academy; but the morning was too wet, Mrs. Tulliver said, for a little
+girl to go out in her best bonnet. Maggie took the opposite view very
+strongly, and it was a direct consequence of this difference of opinion
+that when her mother was in the act of brushing out the reluctant black
+crop Maggie suddenly rushed from under her hands and dipped her head in
+a basin of water standing near, in the vindictive determination that
+there should be no more chance of curls that day.
+
+"Maggie, Maggie!" exclaimed Mrs. Tulliver, sitting stout and helpless
+with the brushes on her lap, "what is to become of you if you're so
+naughty? I'll tell your aunt Glegg and your aunt Pullet when they come
+next week, and they'll never love you any more. Oh dear, oh dear! look
+at your clean pinafore, wet from top to bottom. Folks 'ull think it's a
+judgment on me as I've got such a child,--they'll think I've done summat
+wicked."
+
+Before this remonstrance was finished, Maggie was already out of
+hearing, making her way toward the great attic that run under the old
+high-pitched roof, shaking the water from her black locks as she ran,
+like a Skye terrier escaped from his bath. This attic was Maggie's
+favorite retreat on a wet day, when the weather was not too cold; here
+she fretted out all her ill humors, and talked aloud to the worm-eaten
+floors and the worm-eaten shelves, and the dark rafters festooned with
+cobwebs; and here she kept a Fetish which she punished for all her
+misfortunes. This was the trunk of a large wooden doll, which once
+stared with the roundest of eyes above the reddest of cheeks; but was
+now entirely defaced by a long career of vicarious suffering. Three
+nails driven into the head commemorated as many crises in Maggie's nine
+years of earthly struggle; that luxury of vengeance having been
+suggested to her by the picture of Jael destroying Sisera in the old
+Bible. The last nail had been driven in with a fiercer stroke than
+usual, for the Fetish on that occasion represented aunt Glegg. But
+immediately afterward Maggie had reflected that if she drove many nails
+in she would not be so well able to fancy that the head was hurt when
+she knocked it against the wall, nor to comfort it, and make believe to
+poultice it, when her fury was abated; for even aunt Glegg would be
+pitiable when she had been hurt very much, and thoroughly humiliated, so
+as to beg her niece's pardon. Since then she had driven no more nails
+in, but had soothed herself by alternately grinding and beating the
+wooden head against the rough brick of the great chimneys that made two
+square pillars supporting the roof. That was what she did this morning
+on reaching the attic, sobbing all the while with a passion that
+expelled every other form of consciousness,--even the memory of the
+grievance that had caused it.
+
+[Illustration: TOM'S COMING HOME!]
+
+As at last the sobs were getting quieter, and the grinding less fierce,
+a sudden beam of sunshine, falling through the wire lattice across the
+worm-eaten shelves, made her throw away the Fetish and run to the
+window. The sun was really breaking out; the sound of the mill seemed
+cheerful again; the granary doors were open; and there was Yap, the
+queer white-and-brown terrier, with one ear turned back, trotting about
+and sniffing vaguely, as if he were in search of a companion. It was
+irresistible.
+
+Maggie tossed her hair back and ran downstairs, seized her bonnet
+without putting it on, peeped, and then dashed along the passage lest
+she should encounter her mother, and was quickly out in the yard,
+whirling around like a Pythoness, and singing as she whirled, "Yap, Yap,
+Tom's coming home!" while Yap danced and barked round her, as much as to
+say, if there was any noise wanted he was the dog for it.
+
+"Hegh, hegh, Miss! you'll make yourself giddy, an' tumble down i' the
+dirt," said Luke, the head miller, a tall, broad-shouldered man of
+forty, black-haired, subdued by a general mealiness, like an auricula.
+
+Maggie paused in her whirling and said, staggering a little, "Oh no, it
+doesn't make me giddy, Luke; may I go into the mill with you?"
+
+Maggie loved to linger in the great spaces of the mill, and often came
+out with her black hair powdered to a soft whiteness that made her dark
+eyes flash out with new fire. The resolute din, the unresting motion of
+the great stones, giving her a dim, delicious awe as at the presence of
+an uncontrollable force; the meal forever pouring, pouring; the fine
+white powder softening all surfaces, and making the very spider-nets
+look like a fairy lace-work; the sweet, pure scent of the meal,--all
+helped to make Maggie feel that the mill was a little world apart from
+her outside everyday life. She was in the habit of taking this
+recreation as she conversed with Luke, to whom she was very
+communicative, wishing him to think well of her understanding, as her
+father did.
+
+Perhaps she felt it necessary to recover her position with him on the
+present occasion, for, as she sat sliding on the heap of grain near
+which he was busying himself, she said, at that shrill pitch which was
+requisite in mill-society,--
+
+"I think you never read any book but the Bible, did you, Luke?"
+
+"Nay, Miss, an' not much o' that," said Luke, with great frankness. "I'm
+no reader, I aren't."
+
+"But if I lent you one of my books, Luke? I've got many _very_ pretty
+books that would be easy for you to read; but there's 'Pug's Tour of
+Europe,'--that would tell you all about the different sorts of people in
+the world, and if you didn't understand the reading, the pictures would
+help you; they show the looks and ways of the people and what they do.
+There are the Dutchmen, very fat, and smoking, you know, and one sitting
+on a barrel."
+
+"Nay, Miss, I'n no opinion o' Dutchmen. There ben't much good i' knowin'
+about _them_."
+
+"But they're our fellow-creatures, Luke; we ought to know about our
+fellow-creatures."
+
+"Not much o' fellow-creatures, I think, Miss; all I know--my old master,
+as war a knowin' man, used to say, says he, 'If e'er I sow my wheat
+wi'out brinin', I'm a Dutchman,' says he; an' that war as much as to say
+a Dutchman war a fool, or next door.
+
+"Nay, nay, I aren't goin' to bother mysen about Dutchmen. There's fools
+enoo, an' rogues enoo, wi'out lookin' i' books for 'em."
+
+"Oh, well," said Maggie, rather foiled by Luke's unexpectedly decided
+views about Dutchmen, "perhaps you would like 'Animated Nature' better;
+that's not Dutchmen, you know, but elephants and kangaroos, and the
+civet cat, and the sunfish, and a bird sitting on its tail,--I forgot
+its name. There are countries full of those creatures, instead of horses
+and cows, you know. Shouldn't you like to know about them, Luke?"
+
+"Nay, Miss, I'n got to keep count o' the flour an' corn; I can't do wi'
+knowin' so many things beside my work. That's what brings folks to the
+gallows,--knowin' everything but what they'n got to get their bread by.
+An' they're mostly lies, I think, what's printed i' the books: them
+printed sheets are, anyhow, as the men cry i' the streets."
+
+"Why, you're like my brother Tom, Luke," said Maggie, wishing to turn
+the conversation agreeably; "Tom's not fond of reading. I love Tom so
+dearly, Luke,--better than anybody else in the world. When he grows up I
+shall keep his house, and we shall always live together. I can tell him
+everything he doesn't know. But I think Tom's clever, for all he doesn't
+like books; he makes beautiful whipcord and rabbit pens."
+
+"Ah," said Luke, "but he'll be fine an' vexed, as the rabbits are all
+dead."
+
+"Dead!" screamed Maggie, jumping up from her sliding seat on the corn.
+"Oh dear, Luke! What! the lop-eared one, and the spotted doe that Tom
+spent all his money to buy?"
+
+"As dead as moles," said Luke, fetching his comparison from the
+unmistakable corpses nailed to the stable wall.
+
+"Oh, Luke," said Maggie in a piteous tone, "Tom told me to be sure and
+remember the rabbits every day; but how could I, when they didn't come
+into my head, you know? Oh, he will be so angry with me, I know he will,
+and so sorry about his rabbits, and so am I sorry. Oh, what _shall_ I
+do?"
+
+"Don't you fret, Miss," said Luke, soothingly; "they're nash things,
+them lop-eared rabbits; they'd happen ha' died, if they'd been fed.
+Things out o' natur niver thrive: God A'mighty doesn't like 'em. He made
+the rabbits' ears to lie back, an' it's nothin' but contrairiness to
+make 'em hing down like a mastiff dog's. Master Tom 'ull know better nor
+buy such things another time. Don't you fret, Miss. Will you come along
+home wi' me, and see my wife? I'm a-goin' this minute."
+
+The invitation offered an agreeable distraction to Maggie's grief, and
+her tears gradually subsided as she trotted along by Luke's side to his
+pleasant cottage, which stood with its apple and pear trees, and with
+the added dignity of a lean-to pigsty, at the other end of the Mill
+fields.
+
+
+II
+
+Tom was to arrive early in the afternoon, and there was another
+fluttering heart besides Maggie's when it was late enough for the sound
+of the gig wheels to be expected; for if Mrs. Tulliver had a strong
+feeling, it was fondness for her boy. At last the sound came,--that
+quick light bowling of the gig wheels,--and in spite of the wind, which
+was blowing the clouds about, and was not likely to respect Mrs.
+Tulliver's curls and cap-strings, she came outside the door and even
+held her hand on Maggie's offending head, forgetting all the griefs of
+the morning.
+
+"There he is, my sweet lad! But, Lord ha' mercy! he's got never a collar
+on; it's been lost on the road, I'll be bound, and spoilt the set."
+
+Mrs. Tulliver stood with her arms open; Maggie jumped first on one leg
+and then on the other; while Tom descended from the gig, and said, with
+masculine reticence as to the tender emotions. "Hallo! Yap--what! are
+you there?"
+
+Nevertheless he submitted to be kissed willingly enough, though Maggie
+hung on his neck in rather a strangling fashion, while his blue-gray
+eyes wandered toward the croft and the lambs and the river, where he
+promised himself that he would begin to fish the first thing tomorrow
+morning. He was one of those lads that grow everywhere in England, and
+at twelve or thirteen years of age look as much alike as goslings,--a
+lad with light-brown hair, cheeks of cream and roses, full lips,
+indeterminate nose and eyebrows,--face in which it seems impossible to
+see anything but boyhood; as different as possible from poor Maggie's
+phiz, which Nature seemed to have moulded and colored with the most
+decided intention. But that same Nature has the deep cunning which hides
+itself under the appearance of openness, so that simple people think
+they can see through her quite well, and all the while she is secretly
+preparing a refutation of their confident prophecies. Under these
+average boyish physiognomies that she seems to turn off by the gross,
+she conceals some of her most unmodified characters; and the dark-eyed,
+demonstrative, rebellious girl may after all turn out to be a passive
+being compared with this pink-and-white bit of masculinity with the
+indeterminate features.
+
+"Maggie," said Tom, confidentially, taking her into a corner, as soon as
+his mother was gone out to examine his box, and the warm parlor had
+taken off the chill he had felt from the long drive, "you don't know
+what I've got in _my_ pockets," nodding his head up and down as a means
+of rousing her sense of mystery.
+
+"No," said Maggie. "How stodgy they look, Tom! Is it marls (marbles) or
+cobnuts?" Maggie's heart sank a little, because Tom always said it was
+"no good" playing with _her_ at those games, she played so badly.
+
+"Marls! no; I've swopped all my marls with the little fellows, and
+cobnuts are no fun, you silly, only when the nuts are green. But see
+here!" He drew something half out of his righthand pocket.
+
+"What is it?" said Maggie, in a whisper. "I can see nothing but a bit of
+yellow."
+
+"Why, it's--a--new--guess, Maggie!"
+
+"Oh, I _can't_ guess, Tom," said Maggie, impatiently.
+
+"Don't be a spitfire, else I won't tell you," said Tom, thrusting his
+hand back into his pocket and looking determined.
+
+"No, Tom," said Maggie, imploringly, laying hold of the arm that was
+held stiffly in the pocket. "I'm not cross, Tom; it was only because I
+can't bear guessing. _Please_ be good to me."
+
+Tom's arm slowly relaxed, and he said, "Well, then, it's a new fish
+line--two new uns,--one for you, Maggie, all to yourself. And here's
+hooks; see here--I say, _won't_ we go and fish to-morrow down by the
+Round Pool? And you shall catch your own fish, Maggie, and put the worms
+on, and everything; won't it be fun?"
+
+Maggie's answer was to throw her arms round Tom's neck and hug him, and
+hold her cheek against his without speaking, while he slowly unwound
+some of the line, saying, after a pause,--
+
+"Wasn't I a good brother, now, to buy you a line all to yourself? You
+know, I needn't have bought it, if I hadn't liked."
+
+"Yes, very, very good--I _do_ love you, Tom." Tom had put the line back
+in his pocket, and was looking at the hooks one by one, before he spoke
+again.
+
+"And the fellows fought me, because I wouldn't give in about the
+toffee."
+
+"Oh, dear! I wish they wouldn't fight at your school, Tom. Didn't it
+hurt you?"
+
+"Hurt me? no," said Tom, putting up the hooks again, taking out a large
+pocketknife, and slowly opening the largest blade, which he looked at
+meditatively as he rubbed his finger along it. Then he added,--
+
+"I gave Spouncer a black eye, I know; that's what he got by wanting to
+leather _me_; I wasn't going to go halves because anybody leathered me."
+
+"Oh, how brave you are, Tom! I think you're like Samson. If there came a
+lion roaring at me, I think you'd fight him, wouldn't you, Tom?"
+
+"How can a lion come roaring at you, you silly thing? There's no lions,
+only in the shows."
+
+"No, but if we were in the lion countries--I mean Africa, where it's
+very hot; the lions eat people there. I can show it you in the book
+where I read it."
+
+"Well, I should get a gun and shoot him."
+
+"But if you hadn't got a gun,--we might have gone out, you know, not
+thinking, just as we go fishing; and then a great lion might run toward
+us roaring, and we couldn't get away from him. What should you do, Tom?"
+
+Tom paused, and at last turned away contemptuously, saying, "But the
+lion _isn't_ coming. What's the use of talking?"
+
+"But I like to fancy how it would be," said Maggie, following him, "Just
+think what you would do, Tom."
+
+"Oh, don't bother, Maggie! you're such a silly. I shall go and see my
+rabbits."
+
+Maggie's heart began to flutter with fear. She dared not tell the sad
+truth at once, but she walked after Tom in trembling silence as he went
+out, thinking how she could tell him the news so as to soften at once
+his sorrow and his anger; for Maggie dreaded Tom's anger of all things;
+it was quite different anger from her own.
+
+"Tom," she said, timidly, when they were out of doors, "how much money
+did you give for your rabbits?"
+
+"Two half-crowns and a sixpence," said Tom, promptly.
+
+"I think I've got a great deal more than that in my steel purse
+upstairs. I'll ask mother to give it you."
+
+"What for?" said Tom. "I don't want _your_ money, you silly thing. I've
+got a great deal more money than you, because I'm a boy. I always have
+half-sovereigns and sovereigns for my Christmas boxes because I shall be
+a man, and you have only five-shilling pieces, because you're only a
+girl."
+
+"Well, but, Tom--if mother would let me give you two half-crowns and a
+sixpence out of my purse to put into your pocket and spend, you know,
+and buy some more rabbits with it?"
+
+"More rabbits? I don't want any more."
+
+"Oh, but, Tom, they're all dead."
+
+Tom stopped in his walk and turned round toward Maggie. "You forgot to
+feed 'em, then?" he said, his color heightening for a moment, but soon
+subsiding. "I don't love you, Maggie. You shan't go fishing with me
+tomorrow. I told you to go and see the rabbits every day." He walked on
+again.
+
+"Yes, but I forgot--and I couldn't help it, indeed, Tom. I'm so very
+sorry," said Maggie, while the tears rushed fast.
+
+"You're a naughty girl," said Tom, severely, "and I'm sorry I bought you
+the fish line. I don't love you."
+
+"Oh, Tom, it's very cruel," sobbed Maggie. "I'd forgive you, if _you_
+forgot anything--I wouldn't mind what you did--I'd forgive you and love
+you."
+
+"Yes, you're a silly; but I never _do_ forget things, _I_ don't."
+
+"Oh, please forgive me, Tom; my heart will break," said Maggie, shaking
+with sobs, clinging to Tom's arm, and laying her wet cheek on his
+shoulder.
+
+Tom shook her off, and stopped again, saying in a peremptory tone, "Now,
+Maggie, you just listen. Aren't I a good brother to you?"
+
+"Ye-ye-es," sobbed Maggie, her chin rising and falling convulsedly.
+
+"Didn't I think about your fish line all this quarter, and mean to buy
+it, and saved my money o' purpose, and wouldn't go halves in the toffee,
+and Spouncer fought me because I wouldn't?"
+
+"Ye-ye-es--and I--lo-lo-love you so, Tom."
+
+"But you're a naughty girl. Last holidays you licked the paint off my
+lozenge box, and the holidays before that you let the boat drag my fish
+line down when I'd set you to watch it, and you pushed your head through
+my kite, all for nothing."
+
+"But I didn't mean," said Maggie; "I couldn't help it."
+
+"Yes, you could," said Tom, "if you'd minded what you were doing. And
+you're a naughty girl, and you sha'n't go fishing with me to-morrow."
+
+With this terrible conclusion, Tom ran away from Maggie toward the mill.
+Maggie stood motionless, except from her sobs, for a minute or two; then
+she turned round and ran into the house, and up to her attic, where she
+sat on the floor and laid her head against the worm-eaten shelf, with a
+crushing sense of misery. Tom was come home, and she had thought how
+happy she should be; and now he was cruel to her. What use was anything
+if Tom didn't love her? Oh, he was very cruel! Hadn't she wanted to give
+him the money, and said how very sorry she was? She knew she was naughty
+to her mother, but she had never been naughty to Tom--had never _meant_
+to be naughty to him.
+
+[Illustration: "OH, HE IS CRUEL!"]
+
+"Oh, he is cruel!" Maggie sobbed aloud, finding a wretched pleasure in
+the hollow resonance that came through the long empty space of the
+attic. She never thought of beating or grinding her Fetish; she was too
+miserable to be angry.
+
+These bitter sorrows of childhood! when sorrow is all new and strange,
+when hope has not yet got wings to fly beyond the days and weeks, and
+the space from summer to summer seems measureless.
+
+Maggie soon thought she had been hours in the attic, and it must be tea
+time, and they were all having their tea, and not thinking of her. Well,
+then, she would stay up there and starve herself,--hide herself behind
+the tub, and stay there all night,--and then they would all be
+frightened, and Tom would be sorry. Thus Maggie thought in the pride of
+her heart, as she crept behind the tub; but presently she began to cry
+again at the idea that they didn't mind her being there. If she went
+down again to Tom now--would he forgive her? Perhaps her father would be
+there, and he would take her part. But then she wanted Tom to forgive
+her because he loved her, not because his father told him. No, she would
+never go down if Tom didn't come to fetch her. This resolution lasted in
+great intensity for five dark minutes behind the tub; but then the need
+of being loved--the strongest need in poor Maggie's nature--began to
+wrestle with her pride, and soon threw it. She crept from behind the tub
+into the twilight of the long attic, but just then she heard a quick
+footstep on the stairs.
+
+Tom had been too much interested in his talk with Luke, in going the
+round of the premises, walking in and out where he pleased, and
+whittling sticks without any particular reason,--except that he didn't
+whittle sticks at school,--to think of Maggie and the effect his anger
+had produced on her. He meant to punish her, and that business having
+been performed, he occupied himself with other matters, like a practical
+person. But when he had been called in to tea, his father said, "Why,
+where's the little wench?" and Mrs. Tulliver, almost at the same
+moment, said, "Where's your little sister?"--both of them having
+supposed that Maggie and Tom had been together all the afternoon.
+
+"I don't know," said Tom. He didn't want to "tell" of Maggie, though he
+was angry with her; for Tom Tulliver was a lad of honor.
+
+"What! hasn't she been playing with you all this while?" said the
+father. "She'd been thinking o' nothing but your coming home."
+
+"I haven't seen her this two hours," says Tom, commencing on the
+plumcake.
+
+"Goodness heart! she's got drownded!" exclaimed Mrs. Tulliver, rising
+from her seat and running to the window. "How could you let her do so?"
+she added, as became a fearful woman, accusing she didn't know whom of
+she didn't know what.
+
+"Nay, nay, she's none drownded," said Mr. Tulliver. "You've been naughty
+to her, I doubt, Tom?"
+
+"I'm sure I haven't, father," said Tom indignantly. "I think she's in
+the house."
+
+"Perhaps up in that attic," said Mrs. Tulliver, "a-singing and talking
+to herself, and forgetting all about meal times."
+
+"You go and fetch her down, Tom," said Mr. Tulliver, rather
+sharply,--his perspicacity or his fatherly fondness for Maggie making
+him suspect that the lad had been hard upon "the little un," else she
+would never have left his side. "And be good to her, do you hear? Else
+I'll let you know better."
+
+Tom never disobeyed his father, for Mr. Tulliver was a peremptory man,
+and, as he said, would never let anybody get hold of his whip hand; but
+he went out rather sullenly, carrying his piece of plumcake, and not
+intending to reprieve Maggie's punishment, which was no more than she
+deserved. Tom was only thirteen, and had no decided views in grammar and
+arithmetic, regarding them for the most part as open questions, but he
+was particularly clear and positive on one point,--namely, that he would
+punish everybody who deserved it. Why, he wouldn't have minded being
+punished himself if he deserved it; but, then, he never _did_ deserve
+it.
+
+It was Tom's step, then, that Maggie heard on the stairs, when her need
+of love had triumphed over her pride, and she was going down with her
+swollen eyes and dishevelled hair to beg for pity. At least her father
+would stroke her head and say, "Never mind, my wench." It is a wonderful
+subduer, this need of love,--this hunger of the heart,--as peremptory as
+that other hunger by which Nature forces us to submit to the yoke, and
+change the face of the world.
+
+But she knew Tom's step, and her heart began to beat violently with the
+sudden shock of hope. He only stood still at the top of the stairs and
+said, "Maggie, you're to come down." But she rushed to him and clung
+around his neck, sobbing, "Oh, Tom, please forgive me--I can't bear
+it--I will always be good--always remember things--do love me--please,
+dear Tom!"
+
+We learn to restrain ourselves as we get older. We keep apart when we
+have quarreled, express ourselves in well-bred phrases, and in this way
+preserve a dignified alienation, showing much firmness on one side, and
+swallowing much grief on the other. We no longer approximate in our
+behavior to the mere impulsiveness of the lower animals, but conduct
+ourselves in every respect like members of a highly civilized society.
+Maggie and Tom were still very much like young animals, and so she could
+rub her cheek against his, and kiss his ear in a random sobbing way; and
+there were tender fibres in the lad that had been used to answer to
+Maggie's fondling, so that he behaved with a weakness quite inconsistent
+with his resolution to punish her as much as she deserved. He actually
+began to kiss her in return, and say,--
+
+"Don't cry, then, Magsie; here, eat a bit o' cake."
+
+Maggie's sobs began to subside, and she put out her mouth for the cake
+and bit a piece; and then Tom bit a piece, just for company, and they
+ate together and rubbed each other's cheeks and brows and noses
+together, while they ate, with a humiliating resemblance to two friendly
+ponies.
+
+"Come along, Magsie, and have tea," said Tom at last, when there was no
+more cake except what was downstairs.
+
+So ended the sorrows of this day, and the next morning Maggie was
+trotting with her own fishing rod in one hand and a handle of the basket
+in the other, stepping always, by a peculiar gift, in the muddiest
+places, and looking darkly radiant from under her beaver-bonnet because
+Tom was good to her. She had told Tom, however, that she should like him
+to put the worms on the hook for her, although she accepted his word
+when he assured her that worms couldn't feel (it was Tom's private
+opinion that it didn't much matter if they did). He knew all about
+worms, and fish, and those things; and what birds were mischievous, and
+how padlocks opened, and which way the handles of the gates were to be
+lifted. Maggie thought this sort of knowledge was very wonderful,--much
+more difficult than remembering what was in the books; and she was
+rather in awe of Tom's superiority, for he was the only person who
+called her knowledge "stuff," and did not feel surprised at her
+cleverness. Tom, indeed, was of opinion that Maggie was a silly little
+thing; all girls were silly,--they couldn't throw a stone so as to hit
+anything, couldn't do anything with a pocketknife, and were frightened
+at frogs. Still, he was very fond of his sister, and meant always to
+take care of her, make her his housekeeper, and punish her when she did
+wrong.
+
+They were on their way to the Round Pool,--that wonderful pool, which
+the floods had made a long while ago. No one knew how deep it was; and
+it was mysterious, too, that it should be almost a perfect round, framed
+in with willows and tall reeds, so that the water was only to be seen
+when you got close to the brink. The sight of the old favorite spot
+always heightened Tom's good humor, and he spoke to Maggie in the most
+amicable whispers, as he opened the precious basket and prepared their
+tackle. He threw her line for her, and put the rod into her hand. Maggie
+thought it probable that the small fish would come to her hook, and the
+large ones to Tom's. But she had forgotten all about the fish, and was
+looking dreamily at the glassy water, when Tom said, in a loud whisper,
+"Look, look, Maggie!" and came running to prevent her from snatching her
+line away.
+
+Maggie was frightened lest she had been doing something wrong, as usual,
+but presently Tom drew out her line and brought a large tench bouncing
+on the grass.
+
+Tom was excited.
+
+"O Maggie, you little duck! Empty the basket."
+
+Maggie was not conscious of unusual merit, but it was enough that Tom
+called her Magsie, and was pleased with her. There was nothing to mar
+her delight in the whispers and the dreamy silences, when she listened
+to the light dipping sounds of the rising fish, and the gentle rustling,
+as if the willows and the reeds and the water had their happy whispering
+also. Maggie thought it would make a very nice heaven to sit by the pool
+in that way, and never be scolded. She never knew she had a bite till
+Tom told her; but she liked fishing very much.
+
+
+III
+
+On Wednesday, the day before the aunts and uncles were coming, there
+were such various and suggestive scents, as of plumcakes in the oven and
+jellies in the hot state, mingled with the aroma of gravy, that it was
+impossible to feel altogether gloomy; there was hope in the air. Tom and
+Maggie made several inroads into the kitchen, and, like other marauders,
+were induced to keep aloof for a time only by being allowed to carry
+away a sufficient load of booty.
+
+"Tom," said Maggie, as they sat on the boughs of the elder-tree, eating
+their jam-puffs, "shall you run away to-morrow?"
+
+"No," said Tom, slowly, when he had finished his puff, and was eyeing
+the third, which was to be divided between them,--"no, I sha'n't."
+
+"Why, Tom? Because Lucy's coming?"
+
+[Illustration: "IS IT THE TIPSY-CAKE, THEN?"]
+
+"No," said Tom, opening his pocketknife and holding it over the puff,
+with his head on one side in a dubitative manner. (It was a difficult
+problem to divide that very irregular polygon into two equal parts.)
+"What do _I_ care about Lucy? She's only a girl,--_she_ can't play at
+bandy."
+
+"Is it the tipsy-cake, then?" said Maggie, exerting her hypothetic
+powers, while she leaned forward toward Tom with her eyes fixed on the
+hovering knife. "No, you silly, that'll be good the day after. It's the
+pudden. I know what's the pudden's to be,--apricot roll-up--O my
+buttons!"
+
+With this interjection, the knife descended on the puff, and it was in
+two, but the result was not satisfactory to Tom, for he still eyed the
+halves doubtfully. At last he said,--
+
+"Shut your eyes, Maggie."
+
+"What for?"
+
+"You never mind what for. Shut 'em when I tell you."
+
+Maggie obeyed.
+
+"Now, which'll you have, Maggie,--right hand or left?
+
+"I'll have that with the jam run out," said Maggie, keeping her eyes
+shut to please Tom.
+
+"Why, you don't like that, you silly. You may have it if it comes to you
+fair, but I sha'n't give it you without. Right or left,--you choose,
+now. Ha-a-a!" said Tom, in a tone of exasperation, as Maggie peeped.
+"You keep your eyes shut, now, else you sha'n't have any."
+
+Maggie's power of sacrifice did not extend so far; indeed, I fear she
+cared less that Tom should enjoy the utmost possible amount of puff,
+than that he should be pleased with her for giving him the best bit. So
+she shut her eyes close, till Tom told her to "say which," and then she
+said, "Left hand."
+
+"You've got it," said Tom, in rather a bitter tone.
+
+"What! the bit with the jam run out?"
+
+"No; here, take it," said Tom, firmly, handing decidedly the best piece
+to Maggie.
+
+"Oh, please, Tom, have it; I don't mind--I like the other; please take
+this."
+
+"No, I sha'n't," said Tom, almost crossly, beginning on his own inferior
+piece.
+
+Maggie, thinking it was no use to contend further, began too, and ate up
+her half puff with considerable relish as well as rapidity. But Tom had
+finished first, and had to look on while Maggie ate her last morsel or
+two, feeling in himself a capacity for more. Maggie didn't know Tom was
+looking at her; she was see-sawing on the elder bough, lost to almost
+everything but a vague sense of jam and idleness.
+
+"Oh, you greedy thing!" said Tom, when she had swallowed the last
+morsel. He was conscious of having acted very fairly, and thought she
+ought to have considered this, and made up to him for it. He would have
+refused a bit of hers beforehand, but one is naturally at a different
+point of view before and after one's own share of puff is swallowed.
+
+Maggie turned quite pale. "Oh, Tom, why didn't you ask me?"
+
+"I wasn't going to ask you for a bit, you greedy. You might have thought
+of it without, when you knew I gave you the best bit."
+
+"But I wanted you to have it; you know I did," said Maggie, in an
+injured tone.
+
+"Yes, but I wasn't going to do what wasn't fair. If I go halves, I'll go
+'em fair; only I wouldn't be a greedy."
+
+With this cutting innuendo, Tom jumped down from his bough, and threw a
+stone with a "hoigh!" as a friendly attention to Yap, who had also been
+looking on while the eatables vanished, with an agitation of his ears
+and feelings which could hardly have been without bitterness. Yet the
+excellent dog accepted Tom's attention with as much alacrity as if he
+had been treated quite generously.
+
+But Maggie, gifted with that superior power of misery which
+distinguishes the human being, and places him at a proud distance from
+the most melancholy chimpanzee, sat still on her bough, and gave herself
+up to the keen sense of unmerited reproach. She would have given the
+world not to have eaten all her puff, and to have saved some of it for
+Tom. Not but that the puff was very nice, for Maggie's palate was not at
+all obtuse, but she would have gone without it many times over, sooner
+than Tom should call her greedy and be cross with her. And he had said
+he wouldn't have it, and she ate it without thinking; how could she help
+it? The tears flowed so plentifully that Maggie saw nothing around her
+for the next ten minutes; but by that time resentment began to give way
+to the desire of reconciliation, and she jumped from her bough to look
+for Tom. He was no longer in the paddock behind the rickyard; where was
+he likely to be gone, and Yap with him? Maggie ran to the high bank
+against the great holly tree, where she could see far away toward the
+Floss.
+
+There was Tom; but her heart sank again as she saw how far he was on his
+way to the great river, and that he had another companion besides
+Yap,--naughty Bob Jakin, whose official, if not natural, function of
+frightening the birds was just now at a standstill.
+
+Well! there was no hope for it; he was gone now, and Maggie could think
+of no comfort but to sit down by the hollow, or wander by the hedgerow,
+and fancy it was all different, refashioning her little world into just
+what she should like it to be.
+
+
+IV
+
+Maggie had thrown her bonnet off very carelessly, and coming in with her
+hair rough as well as out of curl, rushed at once to Lucy, who was
+standing by her mother's knee. Certainly the contrast between the
+cousins was conspicuous. It was like the contrast between a rough, dark,
+overgrown puppy and a white kitten. Lucy put up the neatest little
+rosebud mouth to be kissed; everything about her was neat--her little
+round neck, with the row of coral beads; her little straight nose, not
+at all snubby; her little clear eyebrows, rather darker than her curls,
+to match her hazel eyes, which looked up with shy pleasure at Maggie,
+taller by the head, though scarcely a year older. Maggie always looked
+at Lucy with delight. She was fond of fancying a world where the people
+never got any larger than children of their own age, and she made the
+queen of it just like Lucy, with a little crown on her head, and a
+little sceptre in her hand--only the queen was Maggie herself in Lucy's
+form.
+
+"Oh, Lucy," she burst out, after kissing her, "you'll stay with Tom and
+me, won't you? Oh, kiss her, Tom."
+
+Tom, too, had come up to Lucy, but he was not going to kiss her--no; he
+came up to her with Maggie, because it seemed easier, on the whole, than
+saying, "How do you do?" to all those aunts and uncles. He stood looking
+at nothing in particular, with the blushing, awkward air and semi-smile
+which are common to shy boys when in company,--very much as if they had
+come into the world by mistake, and found it in a degree of undress that
+was quite embarrassing.
+
+"Maggie," said Mrs. Tulliver, beckoning Maggie to her, and whispering in
+her ear, as soon as this point of Lucy's staying was settled, "go and
+get your hair brushed. I told you not to come in without going to Martha
+first; you know I did."
+
+"Tom, come out with me," whispered Maggie, pulling his sleeve as she
+passed him; and Tom followed willingly enough.
+
+"Come upstairs with me, Tom," she whispered, when they were outside the
+door. "There's something I want to do before dinner."
+
+"There's no time to play at anything before dinner," said Tom, whose
+imagination was impatient of any intermediate prospect.
+
+"Oh yes, there is time for this; _do_ come, Tom."
+
+Tom followed Maggie upstairs into her mother's room, and saw her go at
+once to a drawer, from which she took out a large pair of scissors.
+
+"What are they for, Maggie?" said Tom, feeling his curiosity awakened.
+
+Maggie answered by seizing her front locks and cutting them straight
+across the middle of her forehead.
+
+"Oh, my buttons! Maggie, you'll catch it!" exclaimed Tom; "you'd better
+not cut any more off."
+
+Snip! went the great scissors again while Tom was speaking, and he
+couldn't help feeling it was rather good fun; Maggie would look so
+queer.
+
+"Here, Tom, cut it behind for me," said Maggie, excited by her own
+daring, and anxious to finish the deed.
+
+"You'll catch it, you know," said Tom, nodding his head in an admonitory
+manner, and hesitating a little as he took the scissors.
+
+"Never mind, make haste!" said Maggie, giving a little stamp with her
+foot. Her cheeks were quite flushed.
+
+The black locks were so thick, nothing could be more tempting to a lad
+who had already tasted the forbidden pleasure of cutting the pony's
+mane. I speak to those who know the satisfaction of making a pair of
+shears meet through a duly resisting mass of hair. One delicious
+grinding snip, and then another and another, and the hinder locks fell
+heavily on the floor, and Maggie stood cropped in a jagged, uneven
+manner, but with a sense of clearness and freedom, as if she had emerged
+from a wood into the open plain.
+
+"Oh, Maggie," said Tom, jumping round her, and slapping his knees as he
+laughed, "Oh, my buttons! what a queer thing you look! Look at yourself
+in the glass; you look like the idiot we throw out nutshells to at
+school."
+
+Maggie felt an unexpected pang. She had thought beforehand chiefly of
+her own deliverance from her teasing hair and teasing remarks about it,
+and something also of the triumph she should have over her mother and
+her aunts by this very decided course of action; she didn't want her
+hair to look pretty,--that was out of the question,--she only wanted
+people to think her a clever little girl, and not to find fault with
+her. But now, when Tom began to laugh at her, and say she was like the
+idiot, the affair had quite a new aspect. She looked in the glass, and
+still Tom laughed and clapped his hands, and Maggie's flushed cheeks
+began to pale, and her lips to tremble a little.
+
+"Oh, Maggie, you'll have to go down to dinner directly," said Tom. "Oh,
+my!"
+
+"Don't laugh at me, Tom," said Maggie, in a passionate tone, with an
+outburst of angry tears, stamping, and giving him a push.
+
+"Now, then, spitfire!" said Tom. "What did you cut it off for, then? I
+shall go down: I can smell the dinner going in."
+
+He hurried downstairs and left poor Maggie to that bitter sense of the
+irrevocable which was almost an everyday experience of her small soul.
+She could see clearly enough, now the thing was done, that it was very
+foolish, and that she should have to hear and think more about her hair
+than ever; for Maggie rushed to her deeds with passionate impulse, and
+then saw not only their consequences, but what would have happened if
+they had not been done, with all the detail and exaggerated
+circumstances of an active imagination.
+
+"Miss Maggie, you're to come down this minute," said Kezia, entering the
+room hurriedly. "Lawks! what have you been a-doing? I niver _see_ such a
+fright!"
+
+"Don't, Kezia," said Maggie, angrily. "Go away!"
+
+"But I tell you you're to come down, Miss, this minute; your mother says
+so," said Kezia, going up to Maggie and taking her by the hand to raise
+her from the floor.
+
+"Get away, Kezia; I don't want any dinner," said Maggie, resisting
+Kezia's arm. "I sha'n't come."
+
+"Oh, well, I can't stay. I've got to wait at dinner," said Kezia, going
+out again.
+
+"Maggie, you little silly," said Tom, peeping into the room ten minutes
+after, "why don't you come and have your dinner? There's lots o'
+goodies, and mother says you're to come. What are you crying for, you
+little spooney?"
+
+Oh, it was dreadful! Tom was so hard and unconcerned; if _he_ had been
+crying on the floor, Maggie would have cried, too. And there was the
+dinner, so nice; and she was _so_ hungry. It was very bitter.
+
+But Tom was not altogether hard. He was not inclined to cry, and did not
+feel that Maggie's grief spoiled his prospect of the sweets; but he went
+and put his head near her, and said in a lower, comforting tone,--
+
+"Won't you come, then, Magsie? Shall I bring you a bit o' pudding when
+I've had mine, and a custard and things?"
+
+"Ye-e-es," said Maggie, beginning to feel life a little more tolerable.
+
+"Very well," said Tom, going away. But he turned again at the door and
+said, "But you'd better come, you know. There's the dessert,--nuts, you
+know, and cowslip wine."
+
+Maggie's tears had ceased, and she looked reflective as Tom left her.
+His good nature had taken off the keenest edge of her sufferings, and
+nuts with cowslip wine began to assert their legitimate influence.
+
+Slowly she rose from amongst her scattered locks, and slowly she made
+her way downstairs. Then she stood leaning with one shoulder against
+the frame of the dining-parlor door, peeping in when it was ajar. She
+saw Tom and Lucy with an empty chair between them, and there were the
+custards on a side table; it was too much. She slipped in and went
+toward the empty chair. But she had no sooner sat down than she repented
+and wished herself back again.
+
+Mrs. Tulliver gave a little scream as she saw her, and felt such a
+"turn" that she dropped the large gravy-spoon into the dish, with the
+most serious results to the tablecloth. For Kezia had not betrayed the
+reason of Maggie's refusal to come down, not liking to give her mistress
+a shock in the moment of carving, and Mrs. Tulliver thought there was
+nothing worse in question than a fit of perverseness, which was
+inflicting its own punishment by depriving Maggie of half her dinner.
+
+Mrs. Tulliver's scream made all eyes turn toward the same point as her
+own, and Maggie's cheeks and ears began to burn, while uncle Glegg, a
+kind-looking, white-haired old gentleman, said,--
+
+"Heyday! what little gell's this? Why, I don't know her. Is it some
+little gell you've picked up in the road, Kezia?"
+
+"Why, she's gone and cut her hair herself," said Mr. Tulliver in an
+undertone to Mr. Deane, laughing with much enjoyment. "Did you ever know
+such a little hussy as it is?"
+
+"Why, little miss, you've made yourself look very funny," said uncle
+Pullet, and perhaps he never in his life made an observation which was
+felt to be so lacerating.
+
+"Fie, for shame!" said aunt Glegg, in her loudest, severest tone of
+reproof. "Little gells as cut their own hair should be whipped and fed
+on bread and water,--not come and sit down with their aunts and uncles."
+
+"Ay, ay," said uncle Glegg, meaning to give a playful turn to this
+denunciation, "she must be sent to jail, I think, and they'll cut the
+rest of her hair off there, and make it all even."
+
+"She's more like a gypsy nor ever," said aunt Pullet, in a pitying tone;
+"it's very bad luck, sister, as the gell should be so brown; the boy's
+fair enough. I doubt it'll stand in her way i' life to be so brown."
+
+"She's a naughty child, as'll break her mother's heart," said Mrs.
+Tulliver, with the tears in her eyes.
+
+Maggie seemed to be listening to a chorus of reproach and derision. Her
+first flush came from anger, which gave her a transient power of
+defiance, and Tom thought she was braving it out, supported by the
+recent appearance of the pudding and custard. Under this impression, he
+whispered, "Oh, my! Maggie, I told you you'd catch it." He meant to be
+friendly, but Maggie felt convinced that Tom was rejoicing in her
+ignominy. Her feeble power of defiance left her in an instant, her heart
+swelled, and getting up from her chair, she ran to her father, hid her
+face on his shoulder, and burst out into loud sobbing.
+
+"Come, come, my wench," said her father, soothingly, putting his arm
+round her, "never mind; you was i' the right to cut it off if it
+plagued you; give over crying; father'll take your part."
+
+Delicious words of tenderness! Maggie never forgot any of these moments
+when her father "took her part"; she kept them in her heart, and
+thought of them long years after, when every one else said that her
+father had done very ill by his children.
+
+With the dessert there came entire deliverance for Maggie, for the
+children were told they might have their nuts and wine in the
+summerhouse, since the day was so mild; and they scampered out among the
+building bushes of the garden with the alacrity of small animals getting
+from under a burning glass.
+
+
+V
+
+While the possible troubles of Maggie's future were occupying her
+father's mind, she herself was tasting only bitterness of the present.
+Childhood has not forebodings; but then, it is soothed by no memories of
+out-lived sorrow.
+
+The fact was, the day had begun ill with Maggie. The pleasure of having
+Lucy to look at, and the prospect of the afternoon visit to Garum Firs,
+where she would hear uncle Pullet's musical box, had been marred as
+early as eleven o'clock by the advent of the hairdresser from Saint
+Ogg's, who had spoken in the severest terms of the condition in which he
+had found her hair, holding up one jagged lock after another and saying,
+"see here! tut, tut, tut!" in a tone of mingled disgust and pity, which
+to Maggie's imagination was equivalent to the strongest expression of
+public opinion. Mr. Rappit, the hairdresser, with his well-anointed
+coronal locks tending wavily upward, like the simulated pyramid of flame
+on a monumental urn, seemed to her at that moment the most formidable
+of her contemporaries, into whose street at Saint Ogg's she would
+carefully refrain from entering through the rest of her life.
+
+Already, at twelve o'clock, Mrs. Tulliver had on her visiting costume,
+with a protective apparatus of brown holland, as if she had been a piece
+of satin furniture in danger of flies; Maggie was frowning and twisting
+her shoulders, that she might if possible shrink away from the
+prickliest of tuckers, while her mother was remonstrating, "Don't,
+Maggie, my dear; don't make yourself so ugly!" and Tom's cheeks were
+looking particularly brilliant as a relief to his best blue suit, which
+he wore with becoming calmness, having, after a little wrangling,
+effected what was always the one point of interest to him in his toilet:
+he had transferred all the contents of his everyday pockets to those
+actually in wear.
+
+As for Lucy, she was just as pretty and neat as she had been yesterday;
+no accidents ever happened to her clothes, and she was never
+uncomfortable in them, so that she looked with wondering pity at Maggie,
+pouting and writhing under the exasperating tucker. Maggie would
+certainly have torn it off, if she had not been checked by the
+remembrance of her recent humiliation about her hair; as it was, she
+confined herself to fretting and twisting, and behaving peevishly about
+the card houses which they were allowed to build till dinner, as a
+suitable amusement for boys and girls in their best clothes. Tom could
+build perfect pyramids of houses; but Maggie's would never bear the
+laying on the roof. It was always so with the things that Maggie made;
+and Tom had deduced the conclusion that no girls could ever make
+anything. But it happened that Lucy proved wonderfully clever at
+building; she handled the cards so lightly, and moved so gently, that
+Tom condescended to admire her houses as well as his own, the more
+readily because she had asked him to teach her. Maggie, too, would have
+admired Lucy's houses, and would have given up her own unsuccessful
+building to contemplate them, without ill temper, if her tucker had not
+made her peevish, and if Tom had not inconsiderately laughed when her
+houses fell, and told her she was "a stupid."
+
+"Don't laugh at me, Tom!" she burst out angrily; "I'm not a stupid. I
+know a great many things you don't."
+
+"Oh, I dare say, Miss Spitfire! I'd never be such a cross thing as you,
+making faces like that. Lucy doesn't do so. I like Lucy better than you;
+_I_ wish Lucy was _my_ sister."
+
+"Then it's very wicked and cruel of you to wish so," said Maggie,
+starting up hurriedly from her place on the floor, and upsetting Tom's
+wonderful pagoda.
+
+She really did not mean it, but the circumstantial evidence was against
+her, and Tom turned white with anger, but said nothing; he would have
+struck her, only he knew it was cowardly to strike a girl, and Tom
+Tulliver was quite determined he would never do anything cowardly.
+
+Maggie stood in dismay and terror, while Tom got up from the floor and
+walked away, pale, from the scattered ruins of his pagoda, and Lucy
+looked on mutely, like a kitten pausing from its lapping.
+
+"Oh, Tom," said Maggie, at last, going halfway toward him, "I didn't
+mean to knock it down,--indeed, indeed I didn't."
+
+Tom took no notice of her, but took, instead, two or three hard peas out
+of his pocket, and shot them with his thumb-nail against the window,
+vaguely at first, but presently with the distinct aim of hitting a
+superannuated blue bottle which was exposing its imbecility in the
+spring sunshine, clearly against the views of Nature, who had provided
+Tom and the peas for the speedy destruction of this weak individual.
+
+Thus the morning had been made heavy to Maggie, and Tom's persistent
+coldness to her all through their walk spoiled the fresh air and
+sunshine for her. He called Lucy to look at the half-built bird's nest
+without caring to show it to Maggie, and peeled a willow switch for Lucy
+and himself, without offering one to Maggie. Lucy had said, "Maggie,
+shouldn't _you_ like one?" but Tom was deaf.
+
+Still, the sight of the peacock opportunely spreading his tail on the
+stackyard wall, just as they reached Garum Firs, was enough to divert
+the mind temporarily from personal grievances. And this was only the
+beginning of beautiful sights at Garum Firs. All the farmyard life was
+wonderful there,--bantams, speckled and topknotted; Friesland hens, with
+their feathers all turned the wrong way; Guinea fowls that flew and
+screamed and dropped their pretty spotted feathers; pouter pigeons and a
+tame magpie; nay, a goat, and a wonderful brindled dog, half mastiff,
+half bulldog, as large as a lion. Then there were white railings and
+white gates all about, and glittering weathercocks of various design,
+and garden walks paved with pebbles in beautiful patterns,--nothing was
+quite common at Garum Firs; and Tom thought that the unusual size of the
+toads there was simply due to the general unusualness which
+characterized uncle Pullet's possessions as a gentleman farmer. Toads
+who paid rent were naturally leaner. As for the house, it was not less
+remarkable; it had a receding centre, and two wings with battlemented
+turrets, and was covered with glittering white stucco.
+
+The small demons who had taken possession of Maggie's soul at an earlier
+period of the day had returned in all the greater force after a
+temporary absence. All the disagreeable recollections of the morning
+were thick upon her, when Tom said, "Here, Lucy, you come along with
+me," and walked off to the area where the toads were, as if there were
+no Maggie in existence. Seeing this, Maggie lingered at a distance,
+looking like a small Medusa with her snakes cropped. Lucy was naturally
+pleased that cousin Tom was so good to her, and it was very amusing to
+see him tickling a fat toad with a piece of string when the toad was
+safe down the area, with an iron grating over him. Still Lucy wished
+Maggie to enjoy the spectacle also, especially as she would doubtless
+find a name for the toad, and say what had been his past history; for
+Lucy had a delighted semi-belief in Maggie's stories about the live
+things they came upon by accident,--how Mrs. Earwig had a wash at home,
+and one of her children had fallen into the hot copper, for which reason
+she was running so fast to fetch the doctor. Tom had a profound contempt
+for this nonsense of Maggie's, smashing the earwig at once as a
+superfluous yet easy means of proving the entire unreality of such a
+story; but Lucy, for the life of her, could not help fancying there was
+something in it, and at all events thought it was very pretty
+make-believe. So now the desire to know the history of a very portly
+toad, added to her habitual affectionateness, made her run to Maggie and
+say, "Oh, there is such a big, funny toad, Maggie! Do come and see!"
+
+Maggie said nothing, but turned away from her with a deeper frown. As
+long as Tom seemed to prefer Lucy to her, Lucy made part of his
+unkindness. Maggie would have thought a little while ago that she could
+never be cross with pretty little Lucy, any more than she could be cruel
+to a little white mouse; but then, Tom had always been quite indifferent
+to Lucy before, and it had been left to Maggie to pet and make much of
+her. As it was, she was actually beginning to think that she should like
+to make Lucy cry by slapping or pinching her, especially as it might vex
+Tom, whom it was of no use to slap, even if she dared, because he didn't
+mind it. And if Lucy hadn't been there, Maggie was sure he would have
+got friends with her sooner.
+
+Tickling a fat toad who is not highly sensitive is an amusement that it
+is possible to exhaust, and Tom by and by began to look round for some
+other mode of passing the time. But in so prim a garden, where they were
+not to go off the paved walks, there was not a great choice of sport.
+The only great pleasure such a restriction suggested was the pleasure of
+breaking it, and Tom began to meditate an insurrectionary visit to the
+pond, about a field's length beyond the garden.
+
+"I say, Lucy," he began, nodding his head up and down with great
+significance, as he coiled up his string again, "what do you think I
+mean to do?"
+
+"What, Tom?" said Lucy, with curiosity.
+
+"I mean to go to the pond and look at the pike. You may go with me if
+you like," said the young sultan.
+
+"Oh, Tom, _dare_ you?" said Lucy. "Aunt said we mustn't go out of the
+garden."
+
+"Oh, I shall go out at the other end of the garden," said Tom. "Nobody
+'ull see us. Besides, I don't care if they do,--I'll run off home."
+
+"But _I_ couldn't run," said Lucy, who had never before been exposed to
+such severe temptation.
+
+"Oh, never mind; they won't be cross with _you_," said Tom. "You say I
+took you."
+
+Tom walked along, and Lucy trotted by his side, timidly enjoying the
+rare treat of doing something naughty,--excited also by the mention of
+that celebrity, the pike, about which she was quite uncertain whether it
+was a fish or a fowl. Maggie saw them leaving the garden, and could not
+resist the impulse to follow. Anger and jealousy can no more bear to
+lose sight of their objects than love, and that Tom and Lucy should do
+or see anything of which she was ignorant would have been an intolerable
+idea to Maggie. So she kept a few yards behind them, unobserved by Tom,
+who was presently absorbed in watching for the pike,--a highly
+interesting monster; he was said to be so very old, so very large, and
+to have such a remarkable appetite. The pike, like other celebrities,
+did not show when he was watched for, but Tom caught sight of something
+in rapid movement in the water, which attracted him to another spot on
+the brink of the pond.
+
+[Illustration: "HERE, LUCY!"]
+
+"Here, Lucy!" he said in a loud whisper, "come here! take care! keep on
+the grass!--don't step where the cows have been!" he added, pointing to
+a peninsula of dry grass, with trodden mud on each side of it; for
+Tom's contemptuous conception of a girl included the attribute of being
+unfit to walk in dirty places.
+
+Lucy came carefully as she was bidden, and bent down to look at what
+seemed a golden arrowhead darting through the water. It was a water
+snake, Tom told her; and Lucy at last could see the serpentine wave of
+its body, very much wondering that a snake could swim. Maggie had drawn
+nearer and nearer; she _must_ see it too, though it was bitter to her,
+like everything else, since Tom did not care about her seeing it. At
+last she was close by Lucy; and Tom, who had been aware of her approach,
+but would not notice it till he was obliged, turned round and said,--
+
+"Now, get away, Maggie; there's no room for you on the grass here.
+Nobody asked _you_ to come."
+
+There were passions at war in Maggie at that moment to have made a
+tragedy, if tragedies were made by passion only; the utmost Maggie could
+do, with a fierce thrust of her small brown arm, was to push poor little
+pink-and-white Lucy into the cow-trodden mud.
+
+Then Tom could not restrain himself, and gave Maggie two smart slaps on
+the arm as he ran to pick up Lucy, who lay crying helplessly. Maggie
+retreated to the roots of a tree a few yards off, and looked on
+impenitently. Usually her repentance came quickly after one rash deed,
+but now Tom and Lucy had made her so miserable, she was glad to spoil
+their happiness,--glad to make everybody uncomfortable. Why should she
+be sorry? Tom was very slow to forgive _her_, however sorry she might
+have been.
+
+"I shall tell mother, you know, Miss Mag," said Tom, loudly and
+emphatically, as soon as Lucy was up and ready to walk away. Lucy was
+too entirely absorbed by the evil that had befallen her,--the spoiling
+of her pretty best clothes, and the discomfort of being wet and
+dirty,--to think much of the cause, which was entirely mysterious to
+her. She could never have guessed what she had done to make Maggie angry
+with her; but she felt that Maggie was very unkind and disagreeable, and
+made no magnanimous entreaties to Tom that he would not "tell," only
+running along by his side and crying piteously, while Maggie sat on the
+roots of the tree and looked after them with her small Medusa face.
+
+"Sally," said Tom, when they reached the kitchen door, and Sally looked
+at them in speechless amaze, with a piece of bread-and-butter in her
+mouth and a toasting-fork in her hand,--"Sally, tell mother it was
+Maggie pushed Lucy into the mud."
+
+"But Lors ha' massy, how did you get near such mud as that?" said Sally,
+making a wry face, as she stooped down and examined the _corpus
+delicti_.
+
+Tom's imagination had not been rapid and capacious enough to include
+this question among the foreseen consequences, but it was no sooner put
+than he foresaw whither it tended, and that Maggie would not be
+considered the only culprit in the case. He walked quietly away from the
+kitchen door, leaving Sally to that pleasure of guessing which active
+minds notoriously prefer to ready-made knowledge.
+
+Sally lost no time in presenting Lucy at the parlor door, for to have so
+dirty an object introduced into the house at Garum Firs was too great a
+weight to be sustained by a single mind.
+
+"Goodness gracious!" aunt Pullet exclaimed, after preluding by an
+inarticulate scream; "keep her at the door, Sally! Don't bring her off
+the oilcloth, whatever you do."
+
+"Why, she's tumbled into some nasty mud," said Mrs. Tulliver, going up
+to Lucy to examine into the amount of damage to clothes for which she
+felt herself responsible to her sister Deane.
+
+"If you please, 'um, it was Miss Maggie as pushed her in," said Sally;
+"Master Tom's been and said so, and they must ha' been to the pond, for
+it's only there they could ha' got into such dirt."
+
+"There it is, Bessy; it's what I've been telling you," said Mrs. Pullet,
+in a tone of prophetic sadness; "it's your children,--there's no knowing
+what they'll come to."
+
+Mrs. Tulliver was mute, feeling herself a truly wretched mother. As
+usual, the thought pressed upon her that people would think she had done
+something wicked to deserve her maternal troubles, while Mrs. Pullet
+began to give elaborate directions to Sally how to guard the premises
+from serious injury in the course of removing the dirt. Meantime tea was
+to be brought in by the cook, and the two naughty children were to have
+theirs in an ignominious manner in the kitchen. Mrs. Tulliver went out
+to speak to these naughty children, supposing them to be close at hand;
+but it was not until after some search that she found Tom leaning with a
+careless air against the white paling of the poultry yard, and lowering
+his piece of string on the other side as a means of exasperating the
+turkey cock.
+
+"Tom, you naughty boy, where's your sister?" said Mrs. Tulliver, in a
+distressed voice.
+
+"I don't know," said Tom; his eagerness for justice on Maggie had
+diminished since he had seen clearly that it could hardly be brought
+about without the injustice of some blame on his own conduct.
+
+"Why, where did you leave her?" said the mother, looking round.
+
+"Sitting under the tree, against the pond," said Tom, apparently
+indifferent to everything but the string and the turkey cock.
+
+"Then go and fetch her in this minute, you naughty boy. And how could
+you think o' going to the pond, and taking your sister where there was
+dirt? You know she'll do mischief if there's mischief to be done."
+
+It was Mrs. Tulliver's way, if she blamed Tom, to refer his misdemeanor,
+somehow or other, to Maggie.
+
+The idea of Maggie sitting alone by the pond roused an habitual fear in
+Mrs. Tulliver's mind, and she mounted the horse block to satisfy herself
+by a sight of that fatal child, while Tom walked--not very quickly--on
+his way toward her.
+
+"They're such children for the water, mine are," she said aloud, without
+reflecting that there was no one to hear her; "they'll be brought in
+dead and drownded some day. I wish that river was far enough."
+
+But when she not only failed to discern Maggie, but presently saw Tom
+returning from the pool alone, this hovering fear entered and took
+complete possession of her, and she hurried to meet him.
+
+"Maggie's nowhere about the pond, mother," said Tom; "she's gone away."
+
+You may conceive the terrified search for Maggie, and the difficulty of
+convincing her mother that she was not in the pond. Mrs. Pullet observed
+that the child might come to a worse end if she lived, there was no
+knowing; and Mr. Pullet reached down a key to the goose-pen as a likely
+place for Maggie to lie concealed in.
+
+Tom, after a while, started the idea that Maggie was gone home, and the
+suggestion was seized as a comfort by his mother.
+
+"Sister, for goodness' sake let 'em put the horse in the carriage and
+take me home; we shall perhaps find her on the road. Lucy can't walk in
+her dirty clothes," she said, looking at that innocent victim, who was
+wrapped up in a shawl, and sitting with naked feet on the sofa.
+
+Aunt Pullet was quite willing to take the shortest means of restoring
+her premises to order and quiet, and it was not long before Mrs.
+Tulliver was in the chaise, looking anxiously at the most distant point
+before her. What the father would say if Maggie was lost, was a question
+that predominated over every other.
+
+
+VI
+
+Maggie's intentions, as usual, were on a larger scale than Tom had
+imagined. The resolution that gathered in her mind, after Tom and Lucy
+had walked away, was not so simple as that of going home. No! she would
+run away and go to the gypsies, and Tom should never see her any more.
+That was by no means a new idea to Maggie; she had been so often told
+she was like a gypsy, and "half wild," that when she was miserable it
+seemed to her the only way of escaping opprobrium, and being entirely in
+harmony with circumstances, would be to live in a little brown tent on
+the commons; the gypsies, she considered, would gladly receive her and
+pay her much respect on account of her superior knowledge. She had once
+mentioned her views on this point to Tom, and suggested that he should
+stain his face brown, and they should run away together; but Tom
+rejected the scheme with contempt, observing that gypsies were thieves,
+and hardly got anything to eat, and had nothing to drive but a donkey.
+To-day, however, Maggie thought her misery had reached a pitch at which
+gypsydom was her only refuge, and she rose from her seat on the roots of
+the tree with the sense that this was a great crisis in her life; she
+would run straight away till she came to Dunlow Common, where there
+would certainly be gypsies; and cruel Tom, and the rest of her relations
+who found fault with her, should never see her any more. She thought of
+her father as she ran along, but she reconciled herself to the idea of
+parting with him, by determining that she would secretly send him a
+letter by a small gypsy, who would run away without telling where she
+was, and just let him know that she was well and happy, and always loved
+him very much.
+
+Maggie soon got out of breath with running, but by the time Tom got to
+the pond again she was at the distance of three long fields, and was on
+the edge of the lane leading to the highroad. She stopped to pant a
+little, reflecting that running away was not a pleasant thing until one
+had got quite to the common where the gypsies were, but her resolution
+had not abated; she presently passed through the gate into the lane, not
+knowing where it would lead her; for it was not this way that they came
+from Dorlcote Mill to Garum Firs, and she felt all the safer for that,
+because there was no chance of her being overtaken. But she was soon
+aware, not without trembling, that there were two men coming along the
+lane in front of her; she had not thought of meeting strangers, she had
+been too much occupied with the idea of her friends coming after her.
+The formidable strangers were two shabby-looking men with flushed faces,
+one of them carrying a bundle on a stick over his shoulder; but to her
+surprise, while she was dreading their disapprobation as a runaway, the
+man with the bundle stopped, and in a half-whining, half-coaxing tone
+asked her if she had a copper to give a poor man. Maggie had a sixpence
+in her pocket, which she immediately drew out and gave this poor man
+with a polite smile, hoping that he would feel very kindly toward her as
+a generous person. "That's the only money I've got," she said
+apologetically. "Thank you, little miss," said the man, in a less
+respectful and grateful tone than Maggie anticipated, and she even
+observed that he smiled and winked at his companion. She walked on
+hurriedly, but was aware that the two men were standing still, probably
+to look after her, and she presently heard them laughing loudly.
+Suddenly it occurred to her that they might think she was an idiot; Tom
+had said that her cropped hair made her look like an idiot, and it was
+too painful an idea to be readily forgotten. Besides, she had no
+sleeves on--only a cape and a bonnet. It was clear that she was not
+likely to make a favorable impression on passengers, and she thought she
+would turn into the fields again.
+
+She turned through the first gate that was not locked, and felt a
+delightful sense of privacy in creeping along by the hedgerows, after
+her recent humiliating encounter. She was used to wandering about the
+fields by herself, and was less timid there than on the highroad.
+Sometimes she had to climb over high gates, but that was a small evil;
+she was getting out of reach very fast, and she would probably soon come
+within sight of Dunlow Common, or at least of some other common, for she
+had heard her father say that she couldn't go very far without coming to
+a common. She hoped so, for she was getting rather tired and hungry, and
+until she reached the gypsies there was no definite prospect of bread
+and butter. It was still broad daylight; so though it was nearly an hour
+since Maggie started, there was no gathering gloom on the fields to
+remind her that the night would come. Still, it seemed to her that she
+had been walking a very great distance indeed, and it was really
+surprising that the common did not come within sight.
+
+At last, however, the green fields came to an end, and Maggie found
+herself looking through the bars of a gate into a lane with a wide
+margin of grass on each side of it. She had never seen such a wide lane
+before, and, without her knowing why, it gave her the impression that
+the common could not be far off; perhaps it was because she saw a donkey
+with a log to his foot feeding on the grassy margin, for she had seen a
+donkey with that pitiable encumbrance on Dunlow Common when she had
+been across it in her father's gig. She crept through the bars of the
+gate and walked on with new spirit, though not without haunting images
+of Apollyon, and a highwayman with a pistol, and a blinking dwarf in
+yellow with a mouth from ear to ear, and other miscellaneous dangers.
+For poor little Maggie had at once the timidity of an active
+imagination, and the daring that comes from over-mastering impulse. She
+had rushed into the adventure of seeking her unknown kindred, the
+gypsies; and now she was in this strange lane, she hardly dared look on
+one side of her, lest she should see the diabolical blacksmith in his
+leathern apron grinning at her with arms akimbo. It was not without a
+leaping of the heart that she caught sight of a small pair of bare legs
+sticking up, feet uppermost, by the side of a hillock; they seemed
+something hideously preternatural,--a diabolical kind of fungus; for she
+was too much agitated at the first glance to see the ragged clothes and
+the dark shaggy head attached to them. It was a boy asleep, and Maggie
+trotted along faster and more lightly, lest she should wake him; it did
+not occur to her that he was one of her friends the gypsies, who in all
+probability would have very genial manners. But the fact was so, for at
+the next bend in the lane Maggie actually saw the little semi-circular
+black tent with the blue smoke rising before it, which was to be her
+refuge from all the blighting obloquy that had pursued her in civilized
+life. She even saw a tall female figure by the column of smoke,
+doubtless the gypsy-mother, who provided the tea and other groceries; it
+was astonishing to herself that she did not feel more delight. But it
+was startling to find the gypsies in a lane, after all, and not on a
+common; indeed, it was rather disappointing; for a mysterious
+illimitable common, where there were sand pits to hide in, and one was
+out of everybody's reach, had always made part of Maggie's picture of
+gypsy life. She went on, however, and thought with some comfort that
+gypsies most likely knew nothing about idiots, so there was no danger of
+their falling into the mistake of setting her down at the first glance
+as an idiot.
+
+It was plain she had attracted attention; for the tall figure, who
+proved to be a young woman with a baby on her arm, walked slowly to meet
+her. Maggie looked up in the new face rather tremblingly as it
+approached, and was reassured by the thought that her aunt Pullet and
+the rest were right when they called her a gypsy; for this face, with
+the bright dark eyes and the long hair, was really something like what
+she used to see in the glass before she cut her hair off.
+
+"My little lady, where are you going to?" the gypsy said, in a tone of
+coaxing deference.
+
+It was delightful, and just what Maggie expected; the gypsies saw at
+once that she was a little lady, and were prepared to treat her
+accordingly.
+
+"Not any farther," said Maggie, feeling as if she were saying what she
+had rehearsed in a dream. "I'm come to stay with _you_, please."
+
+"That's pretty; come, then. Why, what a nice little lady you are, to be
+sure!" said the gypsy, taking her by the hand. Maggie thought her very
+agreeable, but wished she had not been so dirty.
+
+There was quite a group round the fire when they reached it. An old
+gypsy woman was seated on the ground nursing her knees, and occasionally
+poking a skewer into the round kettle that sent forth an odorous steam;
+two small shock-headed children were lying prone and resting on their
+elbows something like small sphinxes; and a placid donkey was bending
+his head over a tall girl, who, lying on her back, was scratching his
+nose and indulging him with a bite of excellent stolen hay. The slanting
+sunlight fell kindly upon them, and the scene was really very pretty and
+comfortable, Maggie thought, only she hoped they would soon set out the
+teacups. Everything would be quite charming when she had taught the
+gypsies to use a washing basin, and to feel an interest in books. It was
+a little confusing, though, that the young woman began to speak to the
+old one in a language which Maggie did not understand, while the tall
+girl, who was feeding the donkey, sat up and stared at her without
+offering any salutation. At last the old woman said,--
+
+"What! my pretty lady, are you come to stay with us? Sit ye down and
+tell us where you come from."
+
+It was just like a story; Maggie liked to be called pretty lady and
+treated in this way. She sat down and said,--
+
+"I'm come from home because I'm unhappy, and I mean to be a gypsy. I'll
+live with you if you like, and I can teach you a great many things."
+
+"Such a clever little lady," said the woman with the baby, sitting down
+by Maggie, and allowing baby to crawl; "and such a pretty bonnet and
+frock," she added, taking off Maggie's bonnet and looking at it while
+she made an observation to the old woman, in the unknown language. The
+tall girl snatched the bonnet and put it on her own head hind-foremost
+with a grin; but Maggie was determined not to show any weakness on this
+subject, as if she were susceptible about her bonnet.
+
+"I don't want to wear a bonnet," she said; "I'd rather wear a red
+handkerchief, like yours" (looking at her friend by her side). "My hair
+was quite long till yesterday, when I cut it off; but I dare say it will
+grow again very soon," she added apologetically, thinking it probable
+the gypsies had a strong prejudice in favor of long hair. And Maggie had
+forgotten even her hunger at that moment in the desire to conciliate
+gypsy opinion.
+
+"Oh, what a nice little lady!--and rich, I'm sure," said the old woman.
+"Didn't you live in a beautiful house at home?"
+
+"Yes, my home is pretty, and I'm very fond of the river, where we go
+fishing, but I'm often very unhappy. I should have liked to bring my
+books with me, but I came away in a hurry, you know. But I can tell you
+almost everything there is in my books, I've read them so many times,
+and that will amuse you. And I can tell you something about Geography
+too--that's about the world we live in--very useful and interesting. Did
+you ever hear about Columbus?"
+
+Maggie's eyes had begun to sparkle and her cheeks to flush--she was
+really beginning to instruct the gypsies, and gaining great influence
+over them. The gypsies themselves were not without amazement at this
+talk, though their attention was divided by the contents of Maggie's
+pocket, which the friend at her right hand had by this time emptied
+without attracting her notice.
+
+"Is that where you live, my little lady?" said the old woman, at the
+mention of Columbus.
+
+"Oh, no!" said Maggie, with some pity; "Columbus was a very wonderful
+man, who found out half the world, and they put chains on him and
+treated him very badly, you know; it's in my Catechism of Geography, but
+perhaps it's rather too long to tell before tea--_I want my tea so_."
+
+The last words burst from Maggie, in spite of herself, with a sudden
+drop from patronizing instruction to simple peevishness.
+
+"Why she's hungry, poor little lady," said the younger woman. "Give her
+some o' the cold victual. You're been walking a good way, I'll be bound,
+my dear. Where's your home?"
+
+"It's Dorlcote Mill, a good way off," said Maggie. "My father is Mr.
+Tulliver, but we mustn't let him know where I am, else he'll fetch me
+home again. Where does the queen of the gypsies live?"
+
+"What! do you want to go to her, my little lady?" said the younger
+woman. The tall girl meanwhile was constantly staring at Maggie and
+grinning. Her manners were certainly not agreeable.
+
+"No," said Maggie, "I'm only thinking that if she isn't a very good
+queen you might be glad when she died, and you could choose another. If
+I was a queen, I'd be a very good queen, and kind to everybody."
+
+"Here's a bit o' nice victual, then," said the old woman, handing to
+Maggie a lump of dry bread, and a piece of cold bacon.
+
+"Thank you," said Maggie, looking at the food without taking it; "but
+will you give me some bread-and-butter and tea instead? I don't like
+bacon."
+
+"We've got no tea nor butter," said the old woman, with something like a
+scowl, as if she were getting tired of coaxing.
+
+"Oh, a little bread and treacle would do," said Maggie.
+
+"We han't got no treacle," said the old woman, crossly, whereupon there
+followed a sharp dialogue between the two women in their unknown tongue,
+and one of the small sphinxes snatched at the bread and bacon, and began
+to eat it. At this moment the tall girl, who had gone a few yards off,
+came back, and said something which produced a strong effect. The old
+woman, seeming to forget Maggie's hunger, poked the skewer into the pot
+with new vigor, and the younger crept under the tent, and reached out
+some platters and spoons. Maggie trembled a little, and was afraid the
+tears would come into her eyes. Meanwhile the tall girl gave a shrill
+cry, and presently came running up the boy whom Maggie had passed as he
+was sleeping,--a rough urchin about the age of Tom. He stared at Maggie,
+and there ensued much incomprehensible chattering. She felt very lonely,
+and was quite sure she should begin to cry before long; the gypsies
+didn't seem to mind her at all, and she felt quite weak among them. But
+the springing tears were checked by new terror, when two men came up,
+whose approach had been the cause of the sudden excitement. The elder of
+the two carried a bag, which he flung down, addressing the women in a
+loud and scolding tone, which they answered by a shower of treble
+sauciness; while a black cur ran barking up to Maggie, and threw her
+into a tremor that only found a new cause in the curses with which the
+younger man called the dog off, and gave him a rap with a great stick he
+held in his hand.
+
+Maggie felt that it was impossible she should ever be queen of these
+people, or ever communicate to them amusing and useful knowledge.
+
+Both the men now seemed to be inquiring about Maggie, for they looked at
+her, and the tone of the conversation became of that pacific kind which
+implies curiosity on one side and the power of satisfying it on the
+other. At last the younger woman said in her previous deferential,
+coaxing tone,--
+
+"This nice little lady's come to live with us; aren't you glad?"
+
+"Ay, very glad," said the younger man, who was looking at Maggie's
+silver thimble and other small matters that had been taken from her
+pocket. He returned them all except the thimble to the younger woman,
+with some observation, and she immediately restored them to Maggie's
+pocket, while the men seated themselves, and began to attack the
+contents of the kettle,--a stew of meat and potatoes,--which had been
+taken off the fire and turned out into a yellow platter.
+
+Maggie began to think that Tom must be right about the gypsies; they
+must certainly be thieves, unless the man meant to return her thimble by
+and by. She would willingly have given it to him, for she was not at all
+attached to her thimble; but the idea that she was among thieves
+prevented her from feeling any comfort in the revival of deference and
+attention toward her; all thieves, except Robin Hood, were wicked
+people. The women saw she was frightened.
+
+"We've got nothing nice for a lady to eat," said the old woman, in her
+coaxing tone. "And she's so hungry, sweet little lady."
+
+"Here, my dear, try if you can eat a bit o' this," said the younger
+woman, handing some of the stew on a brown dish with an iron spoon to
+Maggie, who, remembering that the old woman had seemed angry with her
+for not liking the bread and bacon, dared not refuse the stew, though
+fear had chased away her appetite. If her father would but come by in
+the gig and take her up! Or even if Jack the Giantkiller, or Mr.
+Greatheart, or Saint George who slew the dragon on the half-pennies,
+would happen to pass that way! But Maggie thought with a sinking heart
+that these heroes were never seen in the neighborhood of Saint Ogg's;
+nothing very wonderful ever came there.
+
+Maggie Tulliver, you perceive, was by no means that well-trained,
+well-informed young person that a small female of eight or nine
+necessarily is in these days; she had only been to school a year at
+Saint Ogg's, and had so few books that she sometimes read the
+dictionary; so that in traveling over her small mind you would have
+found the most unexpected ignorance as well as unexpected knowledge. She
+could have informed you that there was such a word as "polygamy," and
+being also acquainted with "polysyllable," she had deduced the
+conclusion that "poly" meant "many"; but she had had no idea that
+gypsies were not well supplied with groceries, and her thoughts were the
+oddest mixture of clear-eyed acumen and blind dreams.
+
+Her ideas about the gypsies had undergone a rapid modification in the
+last five minutes. From having considered them very respectful
+companions, amenable to instruction, she had begun to think that they
+meant perhaps to kill her as soon as it was dark, and cut up her body
+for gradual cooking; the suspicion crossed her that the fierce-eyed old
+man was in fact the Devil, who might drop that transparent disguise at
+any moment, and turn either into a grinning blacksmith, or else a
+fiery-eyed monster with dragon's wings. It was no use trying to eat the
+stew, and yet the thing she most dreaded was to offend the gypsies, by
+betraying her extremely unfavorable opinion of them; and she wondered,
+with a keenness of interest that no theologian could have exceeded,
+whether, if the Devil were really present, he would know her thoughts.
+
+"What! you don't like the smell of it, my dear," said the young woman,
+observing that Maggie did not even take a spoonful of the stew. "Try a
+bit, come."
+
+"No, thank you," said Maggie, summoning all her force for a desperate
+effort, and trying to smile in a friendly way. "I haven't time, I think;
+it seems getting darker. I think I must go home now, and come again
+another day, and then I can bring you a basket with some jam-tarts and
+things."
+
+Maggie rose from her seat as she threw out this illusory prospect,
+devoutly hoping that Apollyon was gullible; but her hope sank when the
+old gypsy woman said, "Stop a bit, stop a bit, little lady; we'll take
+you home, all safe, when we've done supper; you shall ride home, like a
+lady."
+
+Maggie sat down again, with little faith in this promise, though she
+presently saw the tall girl putting a bridle on the donkey, and throwing
+a couple of bags on his back.
+
+"Now, then, little missis," said the younger man, rising, and leading
+the donkey forward, "tell us where you live; what's the name of the
+place?"
+
+"Dorlcote Mill is my home," said Maggie, eagerly. "My father is Mr.
+Tulliver; he lives there."
+
+"What! a big mill a little way this side o' Saint Ogg's?"
+
+"Yes," said Maggie. "Is it far off? I think I should like to walk there,
+if you please."
+
+"No, no, it'll be getting dark, we must make haste. And the donkey'll
+carry you as nice as can be; you'll see."
+
+He lifted Maggie as he spoke, and set her on the donkey. She felt
+relieved that it was not the old man who seemed to be going with her,
+but she had only a trembling hope that she was really going home.
+
+"Here's your pretty bonnet," said the younger woman, putting that
+recently despised but now welcome article of costume on Maggie's head;
+"and you'll say we've been very good to you, won't you? and what a nice
+little lady we said you was."
+
+"Oh yes, thank you," said Maggie, "I'm very much obliged to you. But I
+wish you'd go with me too." She thought anything was better than going
+with one of the dreadful men alone; it would be more cheerful to be
+murdered by a larger party.
+
+"Ah, you're fondest o' _me_, aren't you?" said the woman. "But I can't
+go; you'll go too fast for me."
+
+[Illustration: "AH, YOU'RE FONDEST O' ME, AREN'T YOU?"]
+
+It now appeared that the man also was to be seated on the donkey,
+holding Maggie before him, and she was as incapable of remonstrating
+against this arrangement as the donkey himself, though no nightmare had
+ever seemed to her more horrible. When the woman had patted her on the
+back and said "Good-bye," the donkey, at a strong hint from the man's
+stick, set off at a rapid walk along the lane toward the point Maggie
+had come from an hour ago, while the tall girl and the rough urchin,
+also furnished with sticks, obligingly escorted them for the first
+hundred yards, with much screaming and thwacking.
+
+Not Leonore, in that preternatural midnight excursion with her phantom
+lover, was more terrified than poor Maggie in this entirely natural ride
+on a short-paced donkey, with a gypsy behind her, who considered that he
+was earning half-a-crown. The red light of the setting sun seemed to
+have a portentous meaning, with which the alarming bray of the second
+donkey with the log on its foot must surely have some connection. Two
+low thatched cottages--the only houses they passed in this lane--seemed
+to add to its dreariness; they had no windows to speak of, and the doors
+were closed; it was probable that they were inhabited by witches, and it
+was a relief to find that the donkey did not stop there.
+
+At last--oh, sight of joy!--this lane, the longest in the world, was
+coming to an end, was opening on a broad highroad, where there was
+actually a coach passing! And there was a finger-post at the
+corner,--she had surely seen that finger-post before,--"To Saint Ogg's,
+2 miles." The gypsy really meant to take her home, then; he was probably
+a good man, after all, and might have been rather hurt at the thought
+that she didn't like coming with him alone. This idea became stronger as
+she felt more and more certain that she knew the road quite well, and
+she was considering how she might open a conversation with the injured
+gypsy, and not only gratify his feelings, but efface the impression of
+her cowardice, when, as they reached a crossroad, Maggie caught sight of
+some one coming on a white-faced horse.
+
+"Oh, stop, stop!" she cried out. "There's my father! Oh, father,
+father!"
+
+The sudden joy was almost painful, and before her father reached her,
+she was sobbing. Great was Mr. Tulliver's wonder, for he had made a
+round from Basset, and had not yet been home.
+
+"Why, what's the meaning o' this?" he said, checking his horse, while
+Maggie slipped from the donkey and ran to her father's stirrup.
+
+"The little miss lost herself, I reckon," said the gypsy. "She'd come to
+our tent at the far end o' Dunlow Lane, and I was bringing her where she
+said her home was. It's a good way to come after being on the tramp all
+day."
+
+"Oh yes, father, he's been very good to bring me home," said Maggie,--"a
+very kind, good man!"
+
+"Here, then, my man," said Mr. Tulliver, taking out five shillings.
+"It's the best day's work _you_ ever did. I couldn't afford to lose the
+little wench; here, lift her up before me."
+
+"Why, Maggie, how's this, how's this?" he said, as they rode along,
+while she laid her head against her father and sobbed. "How came you to
+be rambling about and lose yourself?"
+
+"Oh, father," sobbed Maggie, "I ran away because I was so unhappy; Tom
+was so angry with me. I couldn't bear it."
+
+"Pooh, pooh," said Mr. Tulliver, soothingly, "you mustn't think o'
+running away from father. What 'ud father do without his little wench?"
+
+"Oh, no, I never will again, father--never."
+
+Mr. Tulliver spoke his mind very strongly when he reached home that
+evening; and the effect was seen in the remarkable fact that Maggie
+never heard one reproach from her mother, or one taunt from Tom, about
+this foolish business of her running away to the gypsies. Maggie was
+rather awe-stricken by this unusual treatment, and sometimes thought
+that her conduct had been too wicked to be alluded to.
+
+
+     Of the three children who are presented to us in these chapters,
+     Tom, Maggie and little Lucy, which is the most attractive to you?
+
+     Do you think the author meant us to receive this impression?
+
+     Is Maggie proud? Is she impetuous? Is she highly sensitive? Find as
+     many passages as you can which prove your answers to these
+     questions. Do these qualities usually make a person attractive?
+
+     What is the mainspring of Maggie's character--the motive for most
+     of her actions? Does Tom seem to you worthy of the intense
+     affection she bestows upon him? Do you think a person with Maggie's
+     nature would be likely to live a happy or an unhappy life?
+
+     Few writers have ever been able to draw as distinct, lifelike a
+     picture of a child as we have of Maggie Tulliver in _The Mill on
+     the Floss_. This is to be in part accounted for by the fact that it
+     is herself as a child that George Eliot is describing.
+
+
+
+
+A GORILLA HUNT
+
+_By_ PAUL DU CHAILLU
+
+
+I had not been at the village long before news came that gorillas had
+been recently seen in the neighborhood of a plantation only half a mile
+distant. Early in the morning of the twenty-fifth of June, I wended my
+way thither, accompanied by one of my boys, named Odanga. The plantation
+was a large one, and situated on very broken ground, surrounded by the
+virgin forest. It was a lovely morning; the sky was almost cloudless,
+and all around was still as death, except the slight rustling of the
+tree tops moved by the gentle land breeze. When I reached the place, I
+had first to pick my way through the maze of tree stumps and half-burnt
+logs by the side of a field of cassada. I was going quietly along the
+borders of this, when I heard, in the grove of plantain trees towards
+which I was walking, a great crashing noise, like the breaking of trees.
+I immediately hid myself behind a bush, and was soon gratified with the
+sight of a female gorilla; but before I had time to notice its
+movements, a second and third emerged from the masses of colossal
+foliage; at length no less than four came into view.
+
+They were all busily engaged in tearing down the larger trees. One of
+the females had a young one following her. I had an excellent
+opportunity of watching the movements of the impish-looking band. The
+shaggy hides, the protuberant abdomens, the hideous features of these
+strange creatures, whose forms so nearly resemble man, made up a picture
+like a vision in some morbid dream. In destroying a tree, they first
+grasped the base of the stem with one of their feet, and then with their
+powerful arms pulled it down, a matter of not much difficulty with so
+loosely formed a stem as that of the plantain. They then set upon the
+juicy heart of the trees at the bases of the leaves, and devoured it
+with great voracity. While eating they made a kind of clucking noise,
+expressive of contentment. Many trees they destroyed apparently out of
+pure mischief. Now and then they stood still and looked around. Once or
+twice they seemed on the point of starting off in alarm, but recovered
+themselves and continued their work. Gradually they got nearer to the
+edge of the dark forest, and finally disappeared. I was so intent on
+watching them, that I let go the last chance of shooting one almost
+before I became aware of it.
+
+The next day I went again with Odanga to the same spot. I had no
+expectation of seeing gorillas in the same plantation, and was carrying
+a light shot gun, having given my heavy double-barreled rifle to the boy
+to carry. The plantation extended over two hills, with a deep hollow
+between, planted with sugar cane. Before I had crossed the hollow I saw
+on the opposite slope a monstrous gorilla, standing erect and looking
+directly towards me. Without turning my face I beckoned to the boy to
+bring me my rifle, but no rifle came,--the little coward had bolted, and
+I lost my chance. The huge beast stared at me for about two minutes, and
+then, without uttering any cry, moved off to the shade of the forest,
+running nimbly on his hands and feet.
+
+As my readers may easily imagine, I had excellent opportunity of
+observing, during these two days, the manner in which the gorillas
+walked when in open ground. They move along with great rapidity and on
+all fours, that is, with the knuckles of their hands touching the
+ground. Artists, in representing the gorilla walking, generally make the
+arms too much bowed outwards, and the elbows too much bent; this gives
+the figures an appearance of heaviness and awkwardness. When the
+gorillas that I watched left their plantain trees, they moved off at a
+great pace over the ground, with their arms extended straight forward
+towards the ground, and moving rapidly. I may mention also that having
+now opened the stomachs of several freshly killed gorillas, I have never
+found anything but vegetable matter in them.
+
+When I returned to Nkongon Mboumba I found there my old friend Akondogo,
+chief of one of the Commi villages, who had just returned from the Ngobi
+country, a little further south. To my great surprise and pleasure, he
+had brought for me a living gorilla, a young one, but the largest I had
+ever seen captured alive. Like Joe, the young male whose habits in
+confinement I described in 'Equatorial Africa,' this one showed the most
+violent and ungovernable disposition. He tried to bite every one who
+came near him, and was obliged to be secured by a forked stick closely
+applied to the back of his neck. This mode of imprisoning these animals
+is a very improper one if the object be to keep them alive and to tame
+them, but, unfortunately, in this barbarous country, we had not the
+materials requisite to build a strong cage. The injury caused to this
+one by the forked stick eventually caused his death. As I had some more
+hunting to do, I left the animal in charge of Akondogo until he should
+have an opportunity of sending it to me on the Fernand Vaz.
+
+The natives of all the neighboring country were now so well aware that I
+wanted live gorillas, and was willing to give a high price for them,
+that many were stimulated to search with great perseverance; the good
+effects of this were soon made evident.
+
+One day as I was quietly dining with Captain Holder, of the _Cambria_ (a
+vessel just arrived from England), one of my men came in with the
+startling news that three live gorillas had been brought, one of them
+full grown. I had not long to wait; in they came. First, a very large
+adult female, bound hand and foot; then her female child, screaming
+terribly; and lastly, a vigorous young male, also tightly bound. The
+female had been ingeniously secured by the negroes to a strong stick,
+the wrists bound to the upper part and the ankles to the lower, so that
+she could not reach to tear the cords with her teeth. It was dark, and
+the scene was one so wild and strange that I shall never forget it. The
+fiendish countenances of the Calibanish trio, one of them distorted by
+pain, for the mother gorilla was severely wounded, were lit up by the
+ruddy glare of native torches. The thought struck me, what would I not
+give to have the group in London for a few days!
+
+[Illustration: GORILLA WITH HER YOUNG]
+
+The young male I secured by a chain which I had in readiness, and gave
+him henceforth the name of Tom. We untied his hands and feet; to show
+his gratitude for this act of kindness he immediately made a rush at me,
+screaming with all his might; happily the chain was made fast, and I
+took care afterwards to keep out of his way. The old mother gorilla was
+in an unfortunate plight. She had an arm broken and a wound in the
+chest, besides being dreadfully beaten on the head. She groaned and
+roared many times during the night, probably from pain.
+
+I noticed next day, and on many occasions, that the vigorous young male
+whenever he made a rush at any one and missed his aim, immediately ran
+back. This corresponds with what is known of the habits of the large
+males in their native woods; when attacked they make a furious rush at
+their enemy, break an arm or tear his bowels open, and then beat a
+retreat, leaving their victim to shift for himself.
+
+The wounded female died in the course of the next day; her moanings were
+more frequent in the morning, and they gradually became weaker as her
+life ebbed out. Her death was like that of a human being, and afflicted
+me more than I could have thought possible. Her child clung to her to
+the last, and tried to obtain milk from her breast after she was dead. I
+photographed them both when the young one was resting in its dead
+mother's lap. I kept the young one alive for three days after its
+mother's death. It moaned at night most piteously. I fed it on goat's
+milk, for it was too young to eat berries. It died the fourth day,
+having taken an unconquerable dislike to the milk. It had, I think,
+begun to know me a little. As to the male, I made at least a dozen
+attempts to photograph the irascible little demon, but all in vain. The
+pointing of the camera towards him threw him into a perfect rage, and I
+was almost provoked to give him a sound thrashing. The day after,
+however, I succeeded with him, taking two views, not very perfect, but
+sufficient for my object.
+
+I must now relate how these three animals were caught, premising that
+the capture of the female was the first instance of an adult gorilla
+being taken alive. The place where they were found was on the left bank
+of the Fernand Vaz, about thirty miles above my village. At this part a
+narrow promontory projects into the river. It was the place where I had
+intended to take the distinguished traveler, Captain Burton, to show him
+a live gorilla, if he had paid me a visit, as I had expected, for I had
+written to invite him whilst he was on a tour from his consulate at
+Fernando Po to several points on the West African coast.
+
+A woman, belonging to a neighboring village, had told her people that
+she had seen two squads of female gorillas, some of them accompanied by
+their young ones, in her plantain field. The men resolved to go in chase
+of them, so they armed themselves with guns, axes, and spears, and
+sallied forth.
+
+The situation was very favorable for the hunters; they formed a line
+across the narrow strip of land and pressed forward, driving the animals
+to the edge of the water. When they came in sight of them, they made all
+the noise in their power, and thus bewildered the gorillas, who were
+shot or beaten down in their endeavors to escape. There were eight
+adult females altogether, but not a single male. The negroes thought the
+males were in concealment in the adjoining woods, having probably been
+frightened away by the noise.
+
+This incident led me to modify somewhat the opinions I had expressed, in
+'Adventures in Equatorial Africa,' regarding some of the habits of the
+gorilla. I there said I believed it impossible to capture an adult
+female alive, but I ought to have added, unless wounded. I have also
+satisfied myself that the gorilla is more gregarious than I formerly
+considered it to be; at least it is now clear that, at certain times of
+the year, it goes in bands more numerous than those I saw in my former
+journey. Then I never saw more than five together. I have myself seen,
+on my present expedition, two of these bands of gorillas, numbering
+eight or ten, and have had authentic accounts from the natives of other
+similar bands. It is true that, when gorillas become aged, they seem to
+be more solitary, and to live in pairs, or, as in the case of old males,
+quite alone. I have been assured by the negroes that solitary and aged
+gorillas are sometimes seen almost white; the hair becomes grizzled with
+age, and I have no doubt that the statement of their becoming
+occasionally white with extreme old age is quite correct.
+
+The gorilla is of migratory habits at some seasons of the year. He is
+then not found in the districts usually resorted to by him when the
+berries, fruits, and nuts are in season.
+
+Besides my other collections I embarked a live gorilla, our little
+friend Tom, and had full hopes that he would arrive safely and gratify
+the world of London with a sight of this rare and wonderful ape in the
+living state; unfortunately, he died on the passage. He did very well
+for a few weeks, I am told, as long as the supply of bananas lasted
+which I placed on board for his sustenance. The repugnance of the
+gorilla to cooked food, or any sort of food except the fruits and juicy
+plants he obtains in his own wilds, will always be a difficulty in the
+way of bringing him to Europe alive. I had sent him consigned to Messrs.
+Baring, who, I am sure, never had any such consignment before. I
+promised the Captain that he should receive one hundred pounds if he
+succeeded in taking the animal alive to London.
+
+During the few days Tom was in my possession he remained, like all the
+others of his species that I had seen, utterly untractable. The food
+that was offered to him he would come and snatch from the hand, and then
+bolt with it to the length of his tether. If I looked at him he would
+make a feint of darting at me, and in giving him water I had to push the
+bowl towards him with a stick, for fear of his biting me. When he was
+angry I saw him often beat the ground and his legs with his fists, thus
+showing a similar habit to that of the adult gorillas, which I described
+as beating their breasts with their fists when confronting an enemy.
+Before lying down to rest he used to pack his straw very carefully as a
+bed to lie on. Tom used to wake me in the night by screaming suddenly,
+and in the morning I more than once detected him in the attempt to
+strangle himself with his chain, no doubt through rage at being kept
+prisoner. He used to twist the chain round and round the post, to which
+it was attached until it became quite short and then pressed with his
+feet the lower part of the post until he had nearly done the business.
+
+As I have before related, I took photographs of Tom, and succeeded very
+well. These photographs I was unwilling to send home, and kept them
+until I should have completed my whole series of photographs of African
+subjects. They are now, unfortunately, lost forever; for they were left
+behind in the bush during my hurried retreat from Ashango-land, as will
+be related in the sequel.
+
+When the last boat which took on board the Captain and the live animals
+left the shore for the vessel, I trembled for the safety of the cargo,
+for the surf was very rough. The negroes, however, could have managed to
+get her safely through if they had not been too careful. They were
+nervous at having a white man on board, and did not seize the proper
+moment to pass the breakers; their hesitation was very near proving
+fatal, for a huge billow broke over them and filled the boat. It did
+not, happily, upset, but they had to return. Captain Berridge thus
+escaped with a wetting, and the Potamochoerus and eagles were half
+drowned. As to poor Tom, the bath, instead of cooling his courage, made
+him more violent than ever. He shouted furiously, and as soon as I
+opened the door of his cage he pounced on the bystanders, clinging to
+them and screaming. A present of a banana, which he ate voraciously,
+quieted him down, and the passage was again tried in the afternoon with
+a better result.
+
+
+
+
+THE CLOUD
+
+_By_ PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
+
+
+    I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers,
+      From the seas and the streams;
+    I bear light shade for the leaves when laid
+      In their noonday dreams.
+    From my wings are shaken the dews that waken
+      The sweet buds every one,
+    When rocked to rest on their mother's breast,
+      As she dances about the sun.
+    I wield the flail of the lashing hail,
+      And whiten the green plains under;
+    And then again I dissolve it in rain,
+      And laugh as I pass in thunder.
+
+    I sift the snow on the mountains below,
+      And their great pines groan aghast;
+    And all the night 'tis my pillow white,
+      While I sleep in the arms of the blast.
+    Sublime on the towers of my skyey bowers
+      Lightning, my pilot, sits,
+    In a cavern under is fettered the thunder;
+      It struggles and howls by fits.
+    Over earth and ocean, with gentle motion,
+      This pilot is guiding me,
+    Lured by the love of the genii that move
+      In the depths of the purple sea;
+    Over the rills and the crags and the hills,
+      Over the lakes and the plains,
+    Wherever he dream, under mountain or stream,
+      The spirit he loves remains;
+    And I all the while bask in heaven's blue smile,
+      Whilst he is dissolving in rains.
+
+    The sanguine sunrise, with his meteor eyes,
+      And his burning plumes outspread,
+    Leaps on the back of my sailing rack,
+      When the morning star shines dead.
+    As, on the jag of a mountain crag
+      Which an earthquake rocks and swings,
+    An eagle, alit, one moment may sit
+      In the light of its golden wings;
+    And when sunset may breathe, from the lit sea beneath,
+      Its ardors of rest and of love,
+    And the crimson pall of eve may fall
+      From the depth of heaven above,
+    With wings folded I rest on mine airy nest,
+      As still as a brooding dove.
+
+    That orbed maiden with white fire laden,
+      Whom mortals call the moon,
+    Glides glimmering o'er my fleece-like floor
+      By the midnight breezes strewn;
+    And wherever the beat of her unseen feet,
+      Which only the angels hear,
+    May have broken the woof of my tent's thin roof,
+      The stars peep behind her and peer;
+    And I laugh to see them whirl and flee,
+      Like a swarm of golden bees,
+    When I widen the rent in my wind-built tent,
+      Till the calm rivers, lakes, and seas,
+    Like strips of the sky fallen through me on high,
+      Are each paved with the moon and these.
+
+    I bind the sun's throne with a burning zone,
+      And the moon's with a girdle of pearl;
+    The volcanoes are dim, and the stars reel and swim,
+      When the whirlwinds my banner unfurl.
+    From cape to cape, with a bridge-like shape,
+      Over a torrent sea,
+    Sunbeam-proof, I hang like a roof,
+      The mountains its columns be.
+    The triumphal arch, through which I march,
+      With hurricane, fire, and snow,
+    When the powers of the air are chained to my chair,
+      Is the million-colored bow;
+    The sphere-fire above its soft colors wove,
+      While the moist earth was laughing below.
+
+    I am the daughter of earth and water,
+      And the nursling of the sky;
+    I pass through the pores of the ocean and shores;
+      I change, but I cannot die.
+    For after the rain, when, with never a stain,
+      The pavilion of heaven is bare,
+    And the winds and sunbeams, with their convex gleams,
+      Build up the blue dome of air,--
+    I silently laugh at my own cenotaph,
+      And out of the caverns of rain,
+    Like a child from the womb, like a ghost from the tomb,
+      I rise and upbuild it again.
+
+
+
+
+BRUTE NEIGHBORS
+
+_By_ HENRY DAVID THOREAU
+
+
+     NOTE.--The author of this sketch, Henry David Thoreau, who lived
+     from 1817 to 1862, was one of the oddest of American men of genius.
+     He was educated at Harvard University, but he did not care, in the
+     common phrase, to "turn his learning to practical account;" that
+     is, save for a short time when he taught school, he did not make it
+     earn his living for him. His theory was that life and energy were
+     being wasted when a man spent in working more time than he
+     absolutely needed to in order to provide himself with necessities;
+     and this theory he carried out in his own life. While he lived in
+     Concord, he did odd jobs at carpentering, surveying, and gardening,
+     and worked for a time at his father's trade of pencil making.
+     However, he contended that a man was doing himself an injustice if
+     he kept on at that work after he had reached the point where he
+     could make no further improvement in his pencils.
+
+     From 1845 to 1847 Thoreau lived as a hermit in a hut which he had
+     built on the shore of Walden Pond, and the simple life he led there
+     gave him plenty of leisure for the things he liked best--the study
+     of nature, the grappling with philosophical problems, and the
+     society of friends. The result of the two years at Walden Pond was
+     his best book, _Walden, or Life in the Woods_, a work which is
+     distinguished for its peculiarly truthful and sympathetic studies
+     of nature.
+
+     Thoreau refused to perform any of the ordinary duties of a citizen;
+     he never voted, he never paid taxes. Once he was arrested because
+     he refused to pay his taxes, and was thrown into jail; his friends
+     remonstrated with him, but still he refused to pay. However, when
+     his friends paid the sum he made no objections to accepting his
+     release, nor did he in the future make any objections when his
+     friends quietly paid his taxes.
+
+     _The Pond in Winter_ and _Winter Animals_, which are contained in
+     this volume, are also from Thoreau.
+
+
+Why do precisely these objects which we behold make a world? Why has man
+just these species of animals for his neighbors; as if nothing but a
+mouse could have filled this crevice? I suspect that Pilpay & Co. have
+put animals to their best use, for they are all beasts of burden, in a
+sense, made to carry some portion of our thoughts.
+
+The mice which haunted my house were not the common ones, which are said
+to have been introduced into the country, but a wild native kind not
+found in the village. I sent one to a distinguished naturalist, and it
+interested him much. When I was building, one of these had its nest
+underneath the house, and before I had laid the second floor, and swept
+out the shavings, would come out regularly at lunch time and pick up the
+crumbs at my feet. It probably had never seen a man before; and it soon
+became quite familiar, and would run over my shoes and up my clothes. It
+could readily ascend the sides of the room by short impulses, like a
+squirrel, which it resembled in its motions. At length, as I leaned with
+my elbow on the bench one day, it ran up my clothes, and along my
+sleeve, and round and round the paper which held my dinner, while I kept
+the latter close, and dodged and played at bo-peep with it; and when at
+last I held still a piece of cheese between my thumb and finger, it
+came and nibbled it, sitting in my hand, and afterward cleaned its face
+and paws, like a fly, and walked away.
+
+A phoebe soon built in my shed, and a robin for protection in a pine
+which grew against the house. In June the partridge (_Tetrao umbellus_),
+which is so shy a bird, led her brood past my windows, from the woods in
+the rear to the front of my house, clucking and calling to them like a
+hen, and in all her behavior proving herself the hen of the woods. The
+young suddenly disperse on your approach, at a signal from the mother,
+as if a whirlwind had swept them away, and they so exactly resemble the
+dried leaves and twigs that many a traveler has placed his foot in the
+midst of a brood, and heard the whir of the old bird as she flew off,
+and her anxious calls and mewing, or seen her trail her wings to attract
+his attention, without suspecting their neighborhood. The parent will
+sometimes roll and spin round before you in such a dishabille, that you
+cannot, for a few moments, detect what kind of creature it is. The young
+squat still and flat, often running their heads under a leaf, and mind
+only their mother's directions given from a distance, nor will your
+approach make them run again and betray themselves. You may even tread
+on them, or have your eyes on them for a minute, without discovering
+them. I have held them in my open hand at such a time, and still their
+only care, obedient to their mother and their instinct, was to squat
+there without fear or trembling. So perfect is this instinct, that once,
+when I had laid them on the leaves again, and one accidentally fell on
+its side, it was found with the rest in exactly the same position ten
+minutes afterward. They are not callow like the young of most birds, but
+more perfectly developed and precocious even than chickens. The
+remarkably adult yet innocent expression of their open and serene eyes
+is very memorable. All intelligence seems reflected in them. They
+suggest not merely the purity of infancy, but a wisdom clarified by
+experience. Such an eye was not born when the bird was, but is coeval
+with the sky it reflects. The woods do not yield another such gem. The
+traveler does not often look into such a limpid well. The ignorant or
+reckless sportsman often shoots the parent at such a time, and leaves
+these innocents to fall a prey to some prowling beast or bird, or
+gradually mingle with the decaying leaves which they so much resemble.
+It is said that when hatched by a hen they will directly disperse on
+some alarm, and are so lost, for they never hear the mother's call which
+gathers them again. These were my hens and chickens.
+
+It is remarkable how many creatures live wild and free though secret in
+the woods, and still sustain themselves in the neighborhood of towns,
+suspected by hunters only. How retired the otter manages to live there!
+He grows to be four feet long, as big as a small boy, perhaps without
+any human being getting a glimpse of him. I formerly saw the raccoon in
+the woods behind where my house is built, and probably still heard their
+whinnering at night. Commonly I rested an hour or two in the shade at
+noon, after planting, and ate my lunch, and read a little by a spring
+which was the source of a swamp and of a brook, oozing from under
+Brister's Hill, half a mile from my field. The approach to this was
+through a succession of descending grassy hollows, full of young pitch
+pines, into a larger wood about the swamp. There, in a very secluded and
+shaded spot, under a spreading white pine, there was yet a clean firm
+sward to sit on. I had dug out the spring and made a well of clear gray
+water, where I could dip up a pailful without roiling it, and thither I
+went for this purpose almost every day in midsummer, when the pond was
+warmest. Thither, too, the woodcock led her brood, to probe the mud for
+worms, flying but a foot above them down the bank, while they ran in a
+troop beneath; but at last, spying me, she would leave her young and
+circle round and round me, nearer and nearer till within four or five
+feet, pretending broken wings and legs, to attract my attention, and get
+off her young, who would already have taken up their march, with faint
+wiry peep, single file through the swamp, as she directed. Or I heard
+the peep of the young when I could not see the parent bird. There too
+the turtledoves sat over the spring, or fluttered from bough to bough of
+the soft white pines over my head; or the red squirrel, coursing down
+the nearest bough, was particularly familiar and inquisitive. You only
+need sit still long enough in some attractive spot in the woods that all
+its inhabitants may exhibit themselves to you by turns.
+
+[Illustration: BATTLE OF THE ANTS]
+
+I was witness to events of a less peaceful character. One day when I
+went out to my wood pile, or rather my pile of stumps, I observed two
+large ants, the one red, the other much larger, nearly half an inch
+long, and black, fiercely contending with one another. Having once got
+hold they never let go, but struggled and wrestled and rolled on the
+chips incessantly. Looking further, I was surprised to find that the
+chips were covered with such combatants, that it was not a _duellum_,
+but a _bellum_, a war between two races of ants, the red always pitted
+against the black, and frequently two red ones to one black. The legions
+of these Myrmidons covered all the hills and vales in my wood yard, and
+the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying, both red and
+black. It was the only battle which I have ever witnessed, the only
+battlefield I ever trod while the battle was raging; internecine war;
+the red republicans on the one hand, and the black imperialists on the
+other. On every side they were engaged in deadly combat, yet without any
+noise that I could hear, and human soldiers never fought so resolutely.
+I watched a couple that were fast locked in each other's embraces, in a
+little sunny valley amid the chips, now at noonday prepared to fight
+till the sun went down, or life went out. The smaller red champion had
+fastened himself like a vise to his adversary's front, and through all
+the tumblings on that field never for an instant ceased to gnaw at one
+of his feelers near the root, having already caused the other to go by
+the board; while the stronger black one dashed him from side to side,
+and, as I saw on looking nearer, had already divested him of several of
+his members. They fought with more pertinacity than bulldogs. Neither
+manifested the least disposition to retreat. It was evident that their
+battle-cry was "Conquer or die." In the meanwhile there came along a
+single red ant on the hillside of this valley, evidently full of
+excitement, who either had despatched his foe, or had not yet taken part
+in the battle; probably the latter, for he had lost none of his limbs;
+whose mother had charged him to return with his shield or upon it. Or
+perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, and
+had now come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus. He saw this unequal
+combat from afar--for the blacks were nearly twice the size of the
+red--he drew near with rapid pace till he stood on his guard within half
+an inch of the combatants; then, watching his opportunity, he sprang
+upon the black warrior, and commenced his operations near the root of
+his right fore-leg, leaving the foe to select among his own members; and
+so there were three united for life, as if a new kind of attraction had
+been invented which put all other locks and cements to shame. I should
+not have wondered by this time to find that they had their respective
+musical bands stationed on some eminent chip, and playing their national
+airs the while, to excite the slow and cheer the dying combatants. I was
+myself excited somewhat even as if they had been men. The more you think
+of it, the less the difference. And certainly there is not the fight
+recorded in Concord history, at least, if in the history of America,
+that will bear a moment's comparison with this, whether for the numbers
+engaged in it, or for the patriotism and heroism displayed. For numbers
+and for carnage it was an Austerlitz or Dresden. Concord Fight! Two
+killed on the patriots' side, and Luther Blanchard wounded! Why, here
+every ant was a Butterick--"Fire! for God's sake, fire!"--and thousands
+shared the fate of Davis and Hosmer. There was not one hireling there. I
+have no doubt that it was a principle they fought for, as much as our
+ancestors, and not to avoid a three-penny tax on their tea; and the
+results of this battle will be as important and memorable to those whom
+it concerns as those of the battle of Bunker Hill, at least.
+
+I took up the chip on which the three I have particularly described were
+struggling, carried it into my house, and placed it under a tumbler on
+my window sill, in order to see the issue. Holding a microscope to the
+first-mentioned red ant, I saw that, though he was assiduously gnawing
+at the near fore-leg of his enemy, having severed his remaining feeler,
+his own breast was all torn away, exposing what vitals he had there to
+the jaws of the black warrior, whose breastplate was apparently too
+thick for him to pierce; and the dark carbuncles of the sufferer's eyes
+shone with ferocity such as war only could excite. They struggled half
+an hour longer under the tumbler, and when I looked again the black
+soldier had severed the heads of his foes from their bodies, and still
+living heads were hanging on either side of him like ghastly trophies
+at his saddle-bow, still apparently as firmly fastened as ever, and he
+was endeavoring with feeble struggles, being without feelers and with
+only the remnant of a leg, and I know not how many other wounds, to
+divest himself of them; which at length, after half an hour more, he
+accomplished. I raised the glass, and he went off over the window sill
+in that crippled state. Whether he finally survived that combat, and
+spent the remainder of his days in some Hotel des Invalides, I do not
+know; but I thought that his industry would not be worth much
+thereafter. I never learned which party was victorious, nor the cause of
+the war; but I felt for the rest of that day as if I had had my feelings
+excited and harrowed by witnessing the struggle, the ferocity and
+carnage, of a human battle before my door.
+
+Kirby and Spence tell us that the battles of ants have long been
+celebrated and the date of them recorded, though they say that Huber is
+the only modern author who appears to have witnessed them. "Æneas
+Sylvius," say they, "after giving a very circumstantial account of one
+contested with great obstinacy by a great and small species on the trunk
+of a pear tree," adds that "'This action was fought in the pontificate
+of Eugenius the Fourth, in the presence of Nicholas Pistoriensis, an
+eminent lawyer, who related the whole history of the battle with the
+greatest fidelity.' A similar engagement between great and small ants is
+recorded by Olaus Magnus, in which the small ones, being victorious, are
+said to have buried the bodies of their own soldiers, and left those of
+their giant enemies a prey to the birds. This event happened previous to
+the expulsion of the tyrant Christiern the Second from Sweden." The
+battle which I witnessed took place in the Presidency of Polk, five
+years before the passage of Webster's Fugitive-Slave Bill.
+
+Many a village Bose, fit only to course a mud-turtle in a victualling
+cellar, sported his heavy quarters in the woods, without the knowledge
+of his master, and ineffectually smelled at old fox burrows and
+woodchucks' holes; led perchance by some slight cur which nimbly
+threaded the wood, and might still inspire a natural terror in its
+denizens; now far behind his guide, barking like a canine bull toward
+some small squirrel which had treed itself for scrutiny, then, cantering
+off, bending the bushes with his weight, imagining that he is on the
+track of some stray member of the jerbilla family. Once I was surprised
+to see a cat walking along the stony shore of the pond, for they rarely
+wander so far from home. The surprise was mutual. Nevertheless the most
+domestic cat, which has lain on a rug all her days, appears quite at
+home in the woods, and, by her sly and stealthy behavior, proves herself
+more native there than the regular inhabitants. Once, when berrying, I
+met with a cat with young kittens in the woods, quite wild, and they
+all, like their mother, had their backs up and were fiercely spitting at
+me. A few years before I lived in the woods there was what was called a
+"winged cat" in one of the farmhouses in Lincoln nearest the pond, Mr.
+Gilian Baker's. When I called to see her in June, 1842, she was gone
+a-hunting in the woods, as was her wont (I am not sure whether it was a
+male or female, and so use the more common pronoun), but her mistress
+told me that she came into the neighborhood a little more than a year
+before, in April, and was finally taken into their house; that she was
+of a dark brownish gray color, with a white spot on her throat, and
+white feet, and had a large bushy tail like a fox; that in the winter
+the fur grew thick and flatted out along her sides, forming strips ten
+or twelve inches long by two and a half wide, and under her chin like a
+muff, the upper side loose, the under matted like felt, and in the
+spring these appendages dropped off. They gave me a pair of her "wings,"
+which I keep still. There is no appearance of a membrane about them.
+Some thought it was part flying-squirrel or some other wild animal,
+which is not impossible, for, according to naturalists, prolific hybrids
+have been produced by the union of the marten and domestic cat. This
+would have been the right kind of cat for me to keep, if I had kept any;
+for why should not a poet's cat be winged as well as his horse?
+
+In the fall the loon (_Colymbus glacialis_) came, as usual, to moult and
+bathe in the pond, making the woods ring with his wild laughter before I
+had risen. At rumor of his arrival all the Milldam sportsmen are on the
+alert, in gigs and on foot, two by two and three by three, with patent
+rifles and conical balls and spyglasses. They come rustling through the
+woods like autumn leaves, at least ten men to one loon. Some station
+themselves on this side of the pond, some on that, for the poor bird
+cannot be omnipresent; if he dive here he must come up there. But now
+the kind October wind rises, rustling the leaves and rippling the
+surface of the water, so that no loon can be heard or seen, though his
+foes sweep the pond with spyglasses, and make the woods resound with
+their discharges. The waves generally rise and dash angrily, taking
+sides with all waterfowl, and our sportsmen must beat a retreat to town
+and shop and unfinished jobs. But they were too often successful. When I
+went to get a pail of water early in the morning I frequently saw this
+stately bird sailing out of my cove within a few rods. If I endeavored
+to overtake him in a boat, in order to see how he would manoeuvre, he
+would dive and be completely lost, so that I did not discover him again
+sometimes till the latter part of the day. But I was more than a match
+for him on the surface. He commonly went off in a rain.
+
+As I was paddling along the north shore one very calm October afternoon,
+for such days especially they settle on to the lakes, like the milkweed
+down, having looked in vain over the pond for a loon, suddenly one,
+sailing out from the shore toward the middle a few rods in front of me,
+set up his wild laugh and betrayed himself. I pursued with a paddle and
+he dived, but when he came up I was nearer than before. He dived again,
+but I miscalculated the direction he would take, and we were fifty rods
+apart when he came to the surface this time, for I had helped to widen
+the interval; and again he laughed long and loud, and with more reason
+than before.
+
+[Illustration: WATCHING FOR THE LOON]
+
+He manoeuvred so cunningly that I could not get within half a dozen
+rods of him. Each time, when he came to the surface, turning his head
+this way and that, he coolly surveyed the water and the land, and
+apparently chose his course so that he might come up where there was the
+widest expanse of water, and at the greatest distance from the boat. It
+was surprising how quickly he made up his mind and put his resolve into
+execution. He led me at once to the widest part of the pond, and could
+not be driven from it. While he was thinking one thing in his brain, I
+was endeavoring to divine his thought in mine. It was a pretty game,
+played on the smooth surface of the pond, a man against a loon. Suddenly
+your adversary's checker disappears beneath the board, and the problem
+is to place yours nearest to where his will appear again. Sometimes he
+would come up unexpectedly on the opposite side of me, having apparently
+passed directly under the boat. So long-winded was he and so
+unweariable, that when he had swum furthest he would immediately plunge
+again, nevertheless; and then no wit could divine where in the deep
+pond, beneath the smooth surface, he might be speeding his way like a
+fish, for he had time and ability to visit the bottom of the pond in its
+deepest part.
+
+It is said that loons have been caught in the New York lakes eighty feet
+beneath the surface, with hooks set for trout--though Walden is deeper
+than that. How surprised must the fishes be to see this ungainly visitor
+from another sphere speeding his way amid their schools! Yet he appeared
+to know his course as surely under water as on the surface, and swam
+much faster there. Once or twice I saw a ripple where he approached the
+surface, just put his head out to reconnoitre, and instantly dived
+again. I found that it was as well for me to rest on my oars and wait
+his reappearing as to endeavor to calculate where he would rise; for
+again and again, when I was straining my eyes over the surface one way,
+I would suddenly be startled by his unearthly laugh behind me. But why,
+after displaying so much cunning, did he invariably betray himself the
+moment he came up by that loud laugh? Did not his white breast enough
+betray him? He was indeed a silly loon, I thought. I could commonly
+hear the splash of the water when he came up, and so also detected him.
+But after an hour he seemed as fresh as ever, dived as willingly and
+swam yet further than at first. It was surprising to see how serenely he
+sailed off with unruffled breast when he came to the surface, doing all
+the work with his webbed feet beneath. His usual note was this demoniac
+laughter, yet somewhat like that of a waterfowl; but occasionally, when
+he had balked me most successfully and come up a long way off, he
+uttered a long-drawn unearthly howl, probably more like that of a wolf
+than any bird; as when a beast puts his muzzle to the ground and
+deliberately howls. This was his looming--perhaps the wildest sound that
+is ever heard here, making the woods ring far and wide. I concluded that
+he laughed in derision of my efforts, confident of his own resources.
+Though the sky was by this time overcast, the pond was so smooth that I
+could see where he broke the surface when I did not hear him. His white
+breast, the stillness of the air, and the smoothness of the water were
+all against him. At length, having come up fifty rods off, he uttered
+one of those prolonged howls, as if calling on the god of loons to aid
+him, and immediately there came a wind from the east and rippled the
+surface, and filled the whole air with misty rain, and I was impressed
+as if it were the prayer of the loon answered, and his god was angry
+with me; and so I left him disappearing far away on the tumultuous
+surface.
+
+
+
+
+ODE TO A SKYLARK
+
+_By_ PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
+
+
+     NOTE.--There are a few places in the United States where the
+     skylark has been naturalized, but most of us have never heard it
+     sing. In Europe, however, and especially in Great Britain, it is
+     very common; and despite the fact that it is dull of plumage, there
+     are few birds which are more universally loved. For the song which
+     it pours forth as it soars upward in spiral curves and floats in
+     the air is wonderfully sweet and cheerful. Strangely enough, this
+     bird, which seems to like best to sing when far, far above the
+     earth, does not refuse to sing when confined in a cage.
+
+
+          Hail to thee, blithe spirit!--
+            Bird thou never wert--
+          That from heaven, or near it,
+            Pourest thy full heart
+    In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.
+
+          Higher still and higher
+            From the earth thou springest
+          Like a cloud of fire;
+            The blue deep thou wingest,
+    And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.
+
+          In the golden lightning
+            Of the sunken sun,
+          O'er which clouds are brightening,
+            Thou dost float and run;
+    Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.
+
+[Illustration: THE SKYLARK]
+
+          The pale purple even
+            Melts around thy flight;
+          Like a star of heaven
+            In the broad day-light,
+    Thou art unseen, but yet I hear thy shrill delight.
+
+          Keen as are the arrows
+            Of that silver sphere
+          Whose intense lamp narrows
+            In the white dawn clear,
+    Until we hardly see, we feel that it is there.
+
+          All the earth and air
+            With thy voice is loud,
+          As, when night is bare,
+            From one lonely cloud
+    The moon rains out her beams, and heaven is overflowed.
+
+          What thou art we know not;
+            What is most like thee?
+          From rainbow clouds there flow not
+            Drops so bright to see.
+    As from thy presence showers a rain of melody.
+
+          Like a poet hidden
+            In the light of thought,
+          Singing hymns unbidden,
+            Till the world is wrought
+    To sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not;
+
+          Like a high-born maiden
+            In a palace tower,
+          Soothing her love-laden
+            Soul in secret hour
+    With music sweet as love, which overflows her bower:
+
+          Like a glowworm golden
+            In a dell of dew,
+          Scattering unbeholden
+            Its aërial hue
+    Among the flowers and grass, which screen it from the view:
+
+          Like a rose embowered
+            In its own green leaves,
+          By warm winds deflowered,
+            Till the scent it gives
+    Makes faint with too much sweet these heavy-winged thieves.
+
+          Sound of vernal showers
+            On the twinkling grass,
+          Rain-awakened flowers,
+            All that ever was
+    Joyous, and clear, and fresh, thy music doth surpass.
+
+          Teach us, sprite or bird,
+            What sweet thoughts are thine:
+          I have never heard
+            Praise of love or wine
+    That panted forth a flood of rapture so divine.
+
+          Chorus Hymenæal,
+            Or triumphal chaunt,
+          Matched with thine would be all
+            But an empty vaunt,
+    A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.
+
+          What objects are the fountains
+            Of thy happy strain?
+          What fields, or waves, or mountains?
+            What shapes of sky or plain?
+    What love of thine own kind? what ignorance of pain?
+
+          With thy clear, keen joyance
+            Languor cannot be:
+          Shadow of annoyance
+            Never came near thee:
+    Thou lovest; but ne'er knew love's sad satiety.
+
+          Waking or asleep,
+            Thou of death must deem
+          Things more true and deep
+            Than we mortals dream,
+    Or how could thy notes flow in such a crystal stream!
+
+          We look before and after,
+            And pine for what is not;
+          Our sincerest laughter
+            With some pain is fraught;
+    Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.
+
+          Yet if we could scorn
+            Hate, and pride, and fear;
+          If we were things born
+            Not to shed a tear,
+    I know not how thy joy we ever should come near.
+
+          Better than all measures
+            Of delightful sound,
+          Better than all treasures
+            That in books are found,
+    Thy skill to poet were, thou scorner of the ground!
+
+          Teach me half the gladness
+            That thy brain must know,
+          Such harmonious madness
+            From my lips would flow,
+    The world should listen then, as I am listening now!
+
+
+
+
+THE POND IN WINTER
+
+_By_ HENRY DAVID THOREAU
+
+
+After a still winter night I awoke with the impression that some
+question had been put to me, which I had been endeavoring in vain to
+answer in my sleep, as what--how--when--where? But there was dawning
+Nature, in whom all creatures live, looking in at my broad windows with
+serene and satisfied face, and no question on _her_ lips. I awoke to an
+answered question, to Nature and daylight. The snow lying deep on the
+earth dotted with young pines, and the very slope of the hill on which
+my house is placed, seemed to say, Forward! Nature puts no question and
+answers none which we mortals ask. She has long ago taken her
+resolution. "O Prince, our eyes contemplate with admiration and transmit
+to the soul the wonderful and varied spectacle of this universe. The
+night veils without doubt a part of this glorious creation; but day
+comes to reveal to us this great work, which extends from earth even
+into the plains of the ether."
+
+[Illustration: KNEELING TO DRINK]
+
+Then to my morning work. First I take an axe and pail and go in search
+of water if that be not a dream. After a cold and snowy night it needed
+a divining rod to find it. Every winter the liquid and trembling surface
+of the pond, which was so sensitive to every breath, and reflected every
+light and shadow, becomes solid to the depth of a foot or a foot and a
+half, so that it will support the heaviest teams, and perchance the snow
+covers it to an equal depth, and it is not to be distinguished from any
+level field. Like the marmots in the surrounding hills, it closes its
+eyelids and becomes dormant for three months or more. Standing on the
+snow-covered plain, as if in a pasture amid the hills, I cut my way
+first through a foot of snow, and then a foot of ice, and open a window
+under my feet, where, kneeling to drink, I look down into the quiet
+parlor of the fishes, pervaded by a softened light as through a window
+of ground glass, with its bright sanded floor the same as in summer;
+there a perennial waveless serenity reigns as in the amber twilight sky,
+corresponding to the cool and even temperament of the inhabitants.
+Heaven is under our feet as well as over our heads.
+
+Early in the morning, while all things are crisp with frost, men come
+with fishing reels and slender lunch, and let down their fine lines
+through the snowy field to take pickerel and perch; wild men, who
+instinctively follow other fashions and trust other authorities than
+their townsmen, and by their goings and comings stitch towns together in
+parts where else they would be ripped. They sit and eat their luncheon
+in stout fearnaughts on the dry oak leaves on the shore, as wise in
+natural lore as the citizen is in artificial. They never consulted with
+books, and know and can tell much less than they have done. The things
+which they practice are said not yet to be known. Here is one fishing
+for pickerel with grown perch for bait. You look into his pail with
+wonder as into a summer pond, as if he kept summer locked up at home, or
+knew where she had retreated. How, pray, did he get these in mid-winter?
+Oh, he got worms out of rotten logs since the ground froze, and so he
+caught them. His life itself passes deeper in Nature than the studies of
+naturalist penetrate; himself a subject for the naturalist. The latter
+raises the moss and bark gently with his knife in search of insects;
+the former lays open logs to their core with his axe, and moss and bark
+fly far and wide. He gets his living by barking trees. Such a man has
+some right to fish, and I love to see Nature carried out in him. The
+perch swallows the grubworm, the pickerel swallows the perch, and the
+fisherman swallows the pickerel; and so all the chinks in the scale of
+being are filled.
+
+When I strolled around the pond in misty weather I was sometimes amused
+by the primitive mode which some ruder fisherman had adopted. He would
+perhaps have placed alder branches over the narrow holes in the ice,
+which were four or five rods apart and an equal distance from the shore,
+and having fastened the end of the line to a stick to prevent its being
+pulled through, have passed the slack line over a twig of the alder, a
+foot or more above the ice, and tied a dry oak leaf to it, which, being
+pulled down, would show when he had a bite. These alders loomed through
+the mist at regular intervals as you walked halfway round the pond.
+
+Ah, the pickerel of Walden! when I see them lying on the ice, or in the
+well which the fisherman cuts in the ice, making a little hole to admit
+the water, I am always surprised by their rare beauty, as if they were
+fabulous fishes, they are so foreign to the streets, even to the woods,
+foreign as Arabia to our Concord life. They possess a quite dazzling and
+transcendent beauty which separates them by a wide interval from the
+cadaverous cod and haddock whose fame is trumpeted in our streets. They
+are not green like the pines, nor any gray like the stones, nor blue
+like the sky; but they have, to my eyes, if possible, yet rarer colors,
+like flowers and precious stones, as if they were the pearls, the
+animalized _nuclei_ or crystals of the Walden water. They, of course,
+are Walden all over and all through; are themselves small Waldens in the
+animal kingdom, Waldenses. It is surprising that they are caught
+here--that in this deep and capacious spring, far beneath the rattling
+teams and chaises and tinkling sleighs that travel the Walden road, this
+great gold and emerald fish swims. I never chanced to see its kind in
+any market; it would be the cynosure of all eyes there. Easily, with a
+few conclusive quirks, they give up their watery ghosts, like a mortal
+translated before his time to the thin air of heaven.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+SALMON FISHING
+
+_By_ RUDYARD KIPLING
+
+
+California and I, crying for salmon, reached Portland, and the
+real-estate man to whom I had been intrusted by "Portland" the insurance
+man, met us in the street saying that fifteen miles away, across
+country, we should come upon a place called Clackamas where we might
+perchance find what we desired. And California, his coat-tails flying in
+the wind, ran to a livery stable and chartered a wagon and team
+forthwith. I could push the wagon about with one hand, so light was its
+structure. The team was purely American--that is to say, almost human in
+its intelligence and docility. Some one said that the roads were not
+good on the way to Clackamas and warned us against smashing the springs.
+"Portland," who had watched the preparations, finally reckoned "he'd
+come along, too," and under heavenly skies we three companions of a day
+set forth; California carefully lashing our rods into the carriage, and
+the bystanders overwhelming us with directions as to the sawmills we
+were to pass, the ferries we were to cross, and the signposts we were to
+seek signs from. Half a mile from this city of fifty thousand souls we
+struck (and this must be taken literally), a plank road that would have
+been a disgrace to an Irish village.
+
+Then six miles of macadamized road showed us that the team could move. A
+railway ran between us and the banks of the Willamette, and another
+above us through the mountains. All the land was dotted with small
+townships, and the roads were full of farmers in their town wagons,
+bunches of tow-haired, boggle-eyed urchins sitting in the hay behind.
+The men generally looked like loafers, but their women were all well
+dressed. Brown hussar braiding on a tailor-made jacket does not,
+however, consort with hay wagons. Then we struck into the woods along
+what California called a "_camina reale_,"--a good road,--and Portland a
+"fair track." It wound in and out among fire-blackened stumps, under
+pine trees, along the corners of log-fences, through hollows which must
+be hopeless marsh in winter, and up absurd gradients. But nowhere
+throughout its length did I see any evidence of road-making. There was a
+track,--you couldn't well get off it,--and it was all you could do to
+stay on it. The dust lay a foot thick in the blind ruts, and under the
+dust we found bits of planking and bundles of brushwood that sent the
+wagon bounding into the air. Sometimes we crashed through bracken; anon
+where the blackberries grew rankest we found a lonely little cemetery,
+the wooden rails all awry, and the pitiful stumpy headstones nodding
+drunkenly at the soft green mulleins. Then with oaths and the sound of
+rent underwood a yoke of mighty bulls would swing down a "skid" road,
+hauling a forty-foot log along a ready made slide.
+
+[Illustration: SALMON FISHING]
+
+A valley full of wheat and cherry trees succeeded, and halting at a
+house we bought ten pound weight of luscious black cherries for
+something less than a rupee and got a drink of icy-cold water for
+nothing, while the untended team browsed sagaciously by the roadside.
+Once we found a wayside camp of horse dealers lounging by a pool, ready
+for a sale or a swap, and once two sun-tanned youngsters shot down a
+hill on Indian ponies, their full creels banging from their
+high-pommeled saddles. They had been fishing, and were our brethren
+therefore. We shouted aloud in chorus to scare a wild cat; we squabbled
+over the reasons that had led a snake to cross a road; we heaved bits of
+bark at a venturesome chipmunk, who was really the little gray squirrel
+of India and had come to call on me; we lost our way and got the wagon
+so beautifully fixed on a steep road that we had to tie the two
+hind-wheels to get it down. Above all, California told tales of Nevada
+and Arizona, of lonely nights spent out prospecting, of the slaughter of
+deer and the chase of men; of woman, lovely woman, who is a firebrand in
+a western city, and leads to the popping of pistols, and of the sudden
+changes and chances of fortune, who delights in making the miner or the
+lumberman a quadruplicate millionaire, and in "busting" the railroad
+king. That was a day to be remembered, and it had only begun when we
+drew rein at a tiny farmhouse on the banks of the Clackamas and sought
+horse-feed and lodging ere we hastened to the river that broke over a
+weir not over a quarter of a mile away.
+
+Imagine a stream seventy yards broad divided by a pebbly island, running
+over seductive riffles and swirling into deep, quiet pools where the
+good salmon goes to smoke his pipe after meals. Set such a stream amid
+fields of breast-high crops surrounded by hills of pine, throw in where
+you please quiet water, log-fenced meadows, and a hundred foot bluff to
+keep the scenery from growing too monotonous, and you will get some
+faint notion of the Clackamas.
+
+Portland had no rod. He held the gaff and the whiskey. California
+sniffed, upstream and downstream across the racing water, chose his
+ground, and let the gaudy spoon drop in the tail of a riffle. I was
+getting my rod together when I heard the joyous shriek of the reel and
+the yells of California, and three feet of shining silver leaped into
+the air far across the water. The forces were engaged. The salmon tore
+up-stream, the tense line cutting the water like a tide-rip behind him,
+and the light bamboo bowed to breaking. What happened after I cannot
+tell. California swore and prayed, and Portland shouted advice, and I
+did all three for what appeared to be half a day, but was in reality a
+little over a quarter of an hour, and sullenly our fish came home with
+spurts of temper, dashes head-on, and sarabands in the air; but home to
+the bank came he, and the remorseless reel gathered up the thread of his
+life inch by inch. We landed him in a little bay, and the spring weight
+checked him at eleven and a half pounds. Eleven and a half pounds of
+fighting salmon! We danced a war dance on the pebbles, and California
+caught me around the waist in a hug that went near to breaking my ribs,
+while he shouted: "Partner! Partner! This is glory! Now you catch your
+fish! Twenty-four years I've waited for this!"
+
+I went into that icy-cold river and made my cast just above a weir, and
+all but foul-hooked a blue and black water-snake with a coral mouth who
+coiled herself on a stone and hissed maledictions. The next cast--ah,
+the pride of it, the regal splendor of it! the thrill that ran down from
+finger-tip to toe! The water boiled. He broke for the fly and got it!
+There remained enough sense in me to give him all he wanted when he
+jumped not once but twenty times before the upstream flight that ran my
+line out to the last half-dozen turns, and I saw the nickeled reelbar
+glitter under the thinning green coils. My thumb was burned deep when I
+strove to stopper the line, but I did not feel it till later, for my
+soul was out in the dancing water praying for him to turn ere he took my
+tackle away. The prayer was heard. As I bowed back, the butt of the rod
+on my left hip-bone and the top joint dipping like unto a weeping
+willow, he turned, and I accepted each inch of slack that I could by any
+means get in as a favor from on high. There be several sorts of success
+in this world that taste well in the moment of enjoyment, but I question
+whether the stealthy theft of line from an able-bodied salmon who knows
+exactly what you are doing and why you are doing it is not sweeter than
+any other victory within human scope. Like California's fish, he ran at
+me head-on and leaped against the line, but the Lord gave me two hundred
+and fifty pairs of fingers in that hour. The banks and the pine trees
+danced dizzily around me, but I only reeled as for life--reeled for
+hours, and at the end of the reeling continued to give him the butt
+while he sulked in a pool. California was farther up the reach, and with
+the corner of my eye I could see him casting with long casts and much
+skill. Then he struck, and my fish broke for the weir at the same
+instant, and down the reach went California and I, reel answering reel,
+even as the morning stars sung together.
+
+The first wild enthusiasm of capture had died away. We were both at work
+now in deadly earnest to prevent the lines fouling, to stall off a
+downstream rush for deep water just above the weir, and at the same time
+to get the fish into the shallow bay downstream that gave the best
+practicable landing. Portland bade us both be of good heart, and
+volunteered to take the rod from my hands. I would rather have died
+among the pebbles than surrender the right to play and land my first
+salmon, weight unknown, on an eight-ounce rod. I heard California, at my
+ear it seemed, gasping: "He's a fighter from Fightersville, sure!" as
+his fish made a fresh break across the stream. I saw Portland fall off a
+log fence, break the overhanging bank, and clatter down to the pebbles
+all sand and landing net, and I dropped on a log to rest for a moment.
+
+As I drew breath the weary hands slackened their hold, and I forgot to
+give him the butt. A wild scutter in the water, a plunge and a break for
+the head-waters of the Clackamas was my reward, and the hot toil of
+reeling-in with one eye under the water and the other on the top joint
+of the rod, was renewed. Worst of all, I was blocking California's path
+to the little landing bay aforesaid, and he had to halt and tire his
+prize where he was. "The father of all salmon!" he shouted. "For the
+love of heaven, get your _trout_ to bank, Johnny Bull." But I could do
+no more. Even the insult failed to move me. The rest of the game was
+with the salmon. He suffered himself to be drawn, skipping with
+pretended delight at getting to the haven where I fain would have him.
+Yet no sooner did he feel shoal water under his ponderous belly than he
+backed like a torpedo boat, and the snarl of the reel told me that my
+labor was in vain. A dozen times at least this happened ere the line
+hinted that he had given up the battle and would be towed in. He was
+towed. The landing net was useless for one of his size, and I would not
+have him gaffed. I stepped into the shallows and heaved him out with a
+respectful hand under the gill, for which kindness he battered me about
+the legs with his tail, and I felt the strength of him and was proud.
+California had taken my place in the shallows, his fish hard held. I was
+up on the bank lying full length on the sweet-scented grass, gasping in
+company with my first salmon caught, played, and landed on an
+eight-ounce rod. My hands were cut and bleeding. I was dripping with
+sweat, spangled like harlequin with scales, wet from the waist down,
+nose peeled by the sun, but utterly, supremely, and consummately happy.
+He, the beauty, the daisy, the darling, my Salmon Bahadur, weighed
+twelve pounds, and I had been seven and thirty minutes bringing him to
+bank! He had been lightly hooked on the angle of the right jaw, and the
+hook had not wearied him. That hour I sat among princes and crowned
+heads--greater than them all. Below the bank we heard California
+scuffling with his salmon, and swearing Spanish oaths. Portland and I
+assisted at the capture, and the fish dragged the spring-balance out by
+the roots. It was only constructed to weigh up to fifteen pounds. We
+stretched the three fish on the grass,--the eleven-and-a-half, the
+twelve, and the fifteen-pounder, and we swore an oath that all who came
+after should merely be weighed and put back again.
+
+How shall I tell the glories of that day so that you may be interested?
+Again and again did California and I prance down that little reach to
+the little bay, each with a salmon in tow, and land him in the shallows.
+Then Portland took my rod, and caught some ten-pounders, and my spoon
+was carried away by an unknown leviathan. Each fish, for the merits of
+the three that had died so gamely, was hastily hooked on the balance and
+flung back, Portland recording the weight in a pocketbook, for he was a
+real-estate man. Each fish fought for all he was worth, and none more
+savagely than the smallest--a game little six-pounder. At the end of six
+hours we added up the list. Total: 16 fish, aggregate weight, 142 lbs.
+The score in detail runs something like this--it is only interesting to
+those concerned: 15, 11-1/2, 12, 10, 9-3/4, 8, and so forth; as I have
+said, nothing under six pounds, and three ten-pounders.
+
+Very solemnly and thankfully we put up our rods--it was glory enough for
+all time--and returned weeping in each other's arms--weeping tears of
+pure joy--to that simple, barelegged family in the packing-case house by
+the waterside.
+
+
+
+
+WINTER ANIMALS
+
+_By_ HENRY DAVID THOREAU
+
+
+When the ponds were firmly frozen, they afforded not only new and
+shorter routes to many points, but new views from their surfaces of the
+familiar landscape around them. When I crossed Flint's Pond, after it
+was covered with snow, though I had often paddled about and skated over
+it, it was so unexpectedly wide and so strange that I could think of
+nothing but Baffin's Bay. The Lincoln hills rose up around me at the
+extremity of a snowy plain, in which I did not remember to have stood
+before; and the fishermen, at an indeterminable distance over the ice,
+moving slowly about with their wolfish dogs, passed for sealers or
+Esquimaux, or in misty weather loomed like fabulous creatures, and I did
+not know whether they were giants or pygmies. I took this course when I
+went to lecture in Lincoln in the evening, traveling in no road and
+passing no house between my hut and the lecture room. In Goose Pond,
+which lay in my way, a colony of muskrats dwelt, and raised their cabins
+high above the ice, though none could be seen abroad when I crossed it.
+Walden, being like the rest usually bare of snow, or with only shallow
+and interrupted drifts on it, was my yard, where I could walk freely
+when the snow was nearly two feet deep on a level elsewhere and the
+villagers were confined to their streets. There, far from the village
+street, and, except at very long intervals, from the jingle of sleigh
+bells, I slid and skated, as in a vast moose-yard well trodden, overhung
+by oak woods and solemn pines bent down with snow or bristling with
+icicles.
+
+For sounds in winter nights, and often in winter days, I heard the
+forlorn but melodious note of a hooting owl indefinitely far; such a
+sound as the frozen earth would yield if struck with a suitable
+plectrum, the very _lingua vernacula_ of Walden Wood, and quite familiar
+to me at last, though I never saw the bird while it was making it. I
+seldom opened my door in a winter evening without hearing; _Hoo hoo hoo,
+hoorer hoo_, sounded sonorously, and the first three syllables accented
+somewhat like _how der do_; or sometimes _hoo hoo_ only. One night in
+the beginning of winter, before the pond froze over, about nine o'clock,
+I was startled by the loud honking of a goose, and, stepping to the
+door, heard the sound of their wings like a tempest in the woods as they
+flew low over my house. They passed over the pond toward Fair Haven,
+seemingly deterred from settling by my light, their commodore honking
+all the while with a regular beat. Suddenly an unmistakable cat-owl from
+very near me, with the most harsh and tremendous voice I ever heard from
+any inhabitant of the woods, responded at regular intervals to the
+goose, as if determined to expose and disgrace this intruder from
+Hudson's Bay by exhibiting a greater compass and volume of voice in a
+native, and _boo-hoo_ him out of Concord horizon. "What do you mean by
+alarming the citadel at this time of night consecrated to me? Do you
+think I am ever caught napping at such an hour, and that I have not got
+lungs and a larynx as well as yourself? _Boo-hoo, boo-hoo, boo-hoo!_" It
+was one of the most thrilling discords I ever heard. And yet, if you had
+a discriminating ear, there were in it the elements of a concord such as
+these plains never saw nor heard.
+
+I also heard the whooping of the ice in the pond, my great bedfellow in
+that part of Concord, as if it were restless in its bed and would fain
+turn over, were troubled with flatulency and bad dreams; or I was waked
+by the cracking of the ground by the frost, as if some one had driven a
+team against my door, and in the morning would find a crack in the earth
+a quarter of a mile long and a third of an inch wide.
+
+Sometimes I heard the foxes as they ranged over the snow crust, in
+moonlight nights, in search of a partridge or other game, barking
+raggedly and demoniacally like forest dogs, as if laboring with some
+anxiety, or seeking expression, struggling for light and to be dogs
+outright and run freely in the streets; for if we take the ages into our
+account, may there not be a civilization going on among brutes as well
+as men? They seemed to me to be rudimental, burrowing men, still
+standing on their defence, awaiting their transformation. Sometimes one
+came near to my window, attracted by my light, barked a vulpine curse at
+me, and then retreated.
+
+[Illustration: THE RED SQUIRREL]
+
+Usually the red squirrel (_Sciurus Hudsonius_) waked me in the dawn,
+coursing over the roof and up and down the sides of the house, as if
+sent out of the woods for this purpose. In the course of the winter I
+threw out half a bushel of ears of sweet corn, which had not got ripe,
+on to the snow crust by my door, and was amused by watching the motions
+of the various animals which were baited by it. In the twilight and the
+night the rabbits came regularly and made a hearty meal. All day long
+the red squirrels came and went, and afforded me much entertainment by
+their manoeuvres. One would approach at first warily through the
+shrub-oaks, running over the snow crust by fits and starts like a leaf
+blown by the wind, now a few paces this way, with wonderful speed and
+waste of energy, making inconceivable haste with his "trotters," as if
+it were for a wager, and now as many paces that way, but never getting
+on more than half a rod at a time; and then suddenly pausing with a
+ludicrous expression and a gratuitous somerset, as if all the eyes in
+the universe were fixed on him--for all the motions of a squirrel, even
+in the most solitary recesses of the forest, imply spectators as much as
+those of a dancing girl--wasting more time in delay and circumspection
+than would have sufficed to walk the whole distance--I never saw one
+walk--and then suddenly, before you could say Jack Robinson, he would be
+in the top of a young pitch-pine, winding up his clock and chiding all
+imaginary spectators, soliloquizing and talking to all the universe at
+the same time--for no reason that I could ever detect, or he himself was
+aware of, I suspect.
+
+At length he would reach the corn, and selecting a suitable ear, brisk
+about in the same uncertain trigonometrical way to the topmost stick of
+my wood-pile, before my window, where he looked me in the face, and
+there sit for hours, supplying himself with a new ear from time to time,
+nibbling at first voraciously and throwing the half-naked cobs about;
+till at length he grew more dainty still and played with his food,
+tasting only the inside of the kernel, and the ear, which was held
+balanced over the stick by one paw, slipped from his careless grasp and
+fell to the ground, when he would look over at it with a ludicrous
+expression of uncertainty, as if suspecting that it had life, with a
+mind not made up whether to get it again, or a new one, or be off; now
+thinking of corn, then listening to hear what was in the wind. So the
+little impudent fellow would waste many an ear in a forenoon; till at
+last, seizing some longer and plumper one, considerably bigger than
+himself, and skilfully balancing it, he would set out with it to the
+woods, like a tiger with a buffalo, by the same zigzag course and
+frequent pauses, scratching along with it as if it were too heavy for
+him and falling all the while, making its fall a diagonal between a
+perpendicular and horizontal, being determined to put it through at any
+rate--a singularly frivolous and whimsical fellow--and so he would get
+off with it to where he lived, perhaps carry it to the top of a pine
+tree forty or fifty rods distant, and I would afterward find the cobs
+strewed about the woods in various directions.
+
+At length the jays arrived, whose discordant screams were heard long
+before, as they were warily making their approach an eighth of a mile
+off; and in a stealthy and sneaking manner they flit from tree to tree,
+nearer and nearer, and pick up the kernels which the squirrels have
+dropped. Then, sitting on a pitch-pine bough, they attempt to swallow in
+their haste a kernel which is too big for their throats and chokes them;
+and after great labor they disgorge it, and spend an hour in the
+endeavor to crack it by repeated blows with their bills. They were
+manifestly thieves, and I had not much respect for them; but the
+squirrels, though at first shy, went to work as if they were taking what
+was their own.
+
+Meanwhile also came the chickadees in flocks, which, picking up the
+crumbs the squirrels had dropped, flew to the nearest twig, and, placing
+them under their claws, hammered away at them with their little bills,
+as if it were an insect in the bark, till they were sufficiently reduced
+for their slender throats. A little flock of these titmice came daily
+to pick a dinner out of my wood pile, or the crumbs at my door, with
+faint flitting lisping notes, like the tinkling of icicles in the grass,
+or else with sprightly _day day day_, or more rarely, in spring-like
+days, a wiry summery _phe-be_ from the wood-side. They were so familiar
+that at length one alighted on an armful of wood which I was carrying
+in, and pecked at the sticks without fear. I once had a sparrow alight
+upon my shoulder for a moment while I was hoeing in a village garden,
+and I felt that I was more distinguished by that circumstance than I
+should have been by any epaulet I could have worn. The squirrels also
+grew at last to be quite familiar and occasionally stepped upon my shoe,
+when that was the nearest way.
+
+When the ground was not yet quite covered, and again near the end of
+winter, when the snow was melted on my south hillside and about my
+wood-pile, the partridges came out of the woods morning and evening to
+feed there. Whichever side you walk in the woods the partridge bursts
+away on whirring wings, jarring the snow from the dry leaves and twigs
+on high, which comes sifting down in the sunbeams like golden dust; for
+this brave bird is not to be scared by winter. It is frequently covered
+up by drifts, and, it is said, "sometimes plunges from on wing into the
+soft snow, where it remains concealed for a day or two." I used to start
+them in the open land also, where they had come out of the woods at
+sunset to "bud" the wild apple trees. They will come regularly every
+evening to particular trees, where the cunning sportsman lies in wait
+for them, and the distant orchards next the woods suffer thus not a
+little. I am glad that the partridge gets fed at any rate. It is
+Nature's own bird which lives on buds and diet-drink.
+
+In dark winter mornings, or in short winter afternoons, I sometimes
+heard a pack of hounds threading all the woods with hounding cry and
+yelp, unable to resist the instinct of the chase, and the note of the
+hunting horn at intervals, proving that man was in the rear. The woods
+ring again, and yet no fox bursts forth on to the open level of the
+pond, nor following pack pursuing their Actæon. And perhaps at evening I
+see the hunters returning with a single brush trailing from their sleigh
+for a trophy, seeking their inn. They tell me that if the fox would
+remain in the bosom of the frozen earth he would be safe, or if he would
+run in a straight line away no foxhound could overtake him; but, having
+left his pursuers far behind, he stops to rest and listen till they come
+up, and when he runs he circles round to his old haunts, where the
+hunters await him. Sometimes, however, he will run upon a wall many
+rods, and then leap off far to one side, and he appears to know that
+water will not retain his scent. A hunter told me that he once saw a fox
+pursued by hounds burst out on to Walden when the ice was covered with
+shallow puddles, run part way across, and then return to the same shore.
+Ere long the hounds arrived, but here they lost the scent. Sometimes a
+pack hunting by themselves would pass my door, and circle round my
+house, and yelp and hound without regarding me, as if afflicted by a
+species of madness, so that nothing could divert them from the pursuit.
+Thus they circle until they fall upon the recent trail of a fox, for a
+wise hound will forsake everything else for this. One day a man came to
+my hut from Lexington to inquire after his hound that made a large
+track, and had been hunting for a week by himself. But I fear that he
+was not the wiser for all I told him, for every time I attempted to
+answer his questions he interrupted me by asking, "What do you do here?"
+He had lost a dog, but found a man.
+
+One old hunter who has a dry tongue, who used to come to bathe in Walden
+once every year when the water was warmest, and at such times looked in
+upon me, told me that many years ago he took his gun one afternoon and
+went out for a cruise in Walden Wood, and as he walked the Wayland road
+he heard the cry of hounds approaching, and ere long a fox leaped the
+wall into the road, and as quick as thought leaped the other wall out of
+the road, and his swift bullet had not touched him. Some way behind came
+an old hound and her three pups in full pursuit, hunting on their own
+account, and disappeared again in the woods. Later in the afternoon, as
+he was resting in the thick woods south of Walden, he heard the voice of
+the hounds far over toward Fair Haven still pursuing the fox; and on
+they came, their hounding cry which made all the woods ring sounding
+nearer and nearer, now from Well Meadow, now from the Baker Farm. For a
+long time he stood still and listened to their music, so sweet to a
+hunter's ear, when suddenly the fox appeared, threading the solemn
+aisles with an easy coursing pace, whose sound was concealed by a
+sympathetic rustle of the leaves, swift and still, keeping the ground,
+leaving his pursuers far behind; and, leaping upon a rock amid the
+woods, he sat erect and listening, with his back to the hunter. For a
+moment compassion restrained the latter's arm; but that was a
+short-lived mood, and as quick as thought can follow thought his piece
+was levelled, and _whang!_--the fox rolling over the rock lay dead on
+the ground. The hunter still kept his place and listened to the hounds.
+Still on they came, and now the near woods resounded through all their
+aisles with their demoniac cry. At length the old hound burst into view
+with muzzle to the ground, and snapping the air as if possessed, and ran
+directly to the rock; but spying the dead fox she suddenly ceased her
+hounding, as if struck dumb with amazement, and walked round and round
+him in silence; and one by one her pups arrived, and, like their mother,
+were sobered into silence by the mystery. Then the hunter came forward
+and stood in their midst, and the mystery was solved. They waited in
+silence while he skinned the fox, then followed the brush awhile, and at
+length turned off into the woods again. That evening a Weston Squire
+came to the Concord hunter's cottage to inquire for his hounds, and told
+how for a week they had been hunting on their own account from Weston
+woods. The Concord hunter told him what he knew and offered him the
+skin; but the other declined it and departed. He did not find his hounds
+that night, but the next day learned that they had crossed the river and
+put up at a farm-house for the night, whence, having been well fed, they
+took their departure early in the morning.
+
+The hunter who told me this could remember one Sam Nutting, who used to
+hunt bears on Fair-Haven Ledges, and exchange their skins for rum in
+Concord village; who told him, even, that he had seen a moose there.
+Nutting had a famous foxhound named Burgoyne,--he pronounced it
+Bugine,--which my informant used to borrow. In the "Wast Book" of an old
+trader of this town, who was also a captain, townclerk, and
+representative, I find the following entry: Jan. 18th, 1742-3, "John
+Melven Cr. by 1 Grey Fox 0--2--3;" they are not found here; and in his
+ledger, Feb. 7th, 1743, Hezekiah Stratton has credit "by 1/2 a Catt skin
+0--1--4-1/2;" of course a wild cat, for Stratton was a sergeant in the
+old French war, and would not have got credit for hunting less noble
+game. Credit is given for deerskins also, and they were daily sold. One
+man still preserves the horns of the last deer that was killed in this
+vicinity, and another has told me the particulars of the hunt in which
+his uncle was engaged. The hunters were formerly a numerous and merry
+crew here. I remember well one gaunt Nimrod who would catch up a leaf by
+the road-side and play a strain on it wilder and more melodious, if my
+memory serves me, than any hunting horn.
+
+At midnight, when there was a moon, I sometimes met with hounds in my
+path prowling about the woods, which would skulk out of my way as if
+afraid, and stand silent amid the bushes till I had passed.
+
+Squirrels and wild mice disputed for my store of nuts. There were scores
+of pitch-pines around my house, from one to four inches in diameter,
+which had been gnawed by mice the previous winter,--a Norwegian winter
+for them, for the snow lay long and deep, and they were obliged to mix
+a large proportion of pine bark with their other diet. These trees were
+alive and apparently flourishing at midsummer, and many of them had
+grown a foot, though completely girdled; but after another winter such
+were without exception dead. It is remarkable that a single mouse should
+thus be allowed a whole pine tree for its dinner, gnawing round instead
+of up and down it; but perhaps it is necessary in order to thin these
+trees, which are wont to grow up densely.
+
+The hares (_Lepus Americanus_) were very familiar. One had her form
+under my house all winter, separated from me only by the flooring, and
+she startled me each morning by her hasty departure when I began to
+stir--thump, thump, thump, striking her head against the floor timbers
+in her hurry. They used to come round my door at dusk to nibble the
+potato parings which I had thrown out, and were so nearly the color of
+the ground that they could hardly be distinguished when still. Sometimes
+in the twilight I alternately lost and recovered sight of one sitting
+motionless under my window. When I opened my door in the evening, off
+they would go with a squeak and a bounce. Near at hand they only excited
+my pity. One evening one sat by my door two paces from me, at first
+trembling with fear, yet unwilling to move; a poor wee thing, lean and
+bony, with ragged ears and sharp nose, scant tail and slender paws. It
+looked as if Nature no longer contained the breed of nobler bloods, but
+stood on her last toes. Its large eyes appeared young and unhealthy,
+almost dropsical. I took a step, and lo, away it scudded with an
+elastic spring over the snow crust, straightening its body and its limbs
+into graceful length, and soon put the forest between me and itself--the
+wild free venison, asserting its vigor and the dignity of Nature. Not
+without reason was its slenderness. Such then was its nature (_Lepus,
+levipes_, lightfoot, some think).
+
+What is a country without rabbits and partridges? They are among the
+most simple and indigenous animal products; ancient and venerable
+families known to antiquity as to modern times; of the very hue and
+substance of Nature, nearest allied to leaves and to the ground--and to
+one another; it is either winged or it is legged. It is hardly as if you
+had seen a wild creature when a rabbit or a partridge bursts away, only
+a natural one, as much to be expected as rustling leaves. The partridge
+and the rabbit are still sure to thrive, like true natives of the soil,
+whatever revolutions occur. If the forest is cut off, the sprouts and
+bushes which spring up afford them concealment, and they become more
+numerous than ever. That must be a poor country indeed that does not
+support a hare. Our woods teem with them both, and around every swamp
+may be seen the partridge or rabbit walk, beset with twiggy fences and
+horse-hair snares, which some cow-boy tends.
+
+
+
+
+TREES AND ANTS THAT HELP EACH OTHER[306-1]
+
+_By_ THOMAS BELT
+
+
+One low tree, very characteristic of the dry savannahs, is a species of
+acacia, belonging to the section _Gummiferoe_, with bi-pinnate leaves,
+growing to a height of fifteen or twenty feet. The branches and trunk
+are covered with strong curved spines, set in pairs, from which it
+receives the name of the bull's-horn, they having a very strong
+resemblance to the horns of that quadruped. These horns are hollow, and
+are tenanted by ants, that make a small hole for their entrance and exit
+near one end of the thorn, and also burrow through the partition that
+separates the two horns; so that the one entrance serves for both. Here
+they rear their young, and in the wet season every one of the thorns is
+tenanted, and hundreds of ants are to be seen running about, especially
+over the young leaves. If one of these be touched, or a branch shaken,
+the little ants swarm out from the hollow thorns, and attack the
+aggressor with jaws and sting. They sting severely, raising a little
+white lump that does not disappear in less than twenty-four hours.
+
+These ants form a most efficient standing army for the plant, which
+prevents not only the mammalia from browsing on the leaves, but delivers
+it from the attacks of a much more dangerous enemy--the leaf-cutting
+ants. For these services the ants are not only securely housed by the
+plant, but are provided with a bountiful supply of food; and to secure
+their attendance at the right time and place, this food is so arranged
+and distributed as to effect that object with wonderful perfection. The
+leaves are bi-pinnate. At the base of each pair of leaflets, on the
+midrib, is a crater-formed gland, which, when the leaves are young,
+secretes a honey-like liquid. Of this the ants are very fond; they are
+constantly running about from one gland to another to sip up the honey
+as it is secreted. But this is not all; there is a still more wonderful
+provision of more solid food. At the end of each of the small divisions
+of the compound leaflet there is, when the leaf first unfolds, a little
+yellow fruit-like body united by a point at its base to the end of the
+pinnule. Examined through a microscope, this little appendage looks like
+a golden pear. When the leaf first unfolds, the little pears are not
+quite ripe, and the ants are continually employed going from one to
+another, examining them. When an ant finds one sufficiently advanced, it
+bites the small point of attachment; then, bending down the fruit-like
+body, it breaks it off and bears it away in triumph to the nest. All the
+fruit-like bodies do not ripen at once, but successively, so that the
+ants are kept about the young leaf for some time after it unfolds. Thus
+the young leaves are always guarded by the ants; and no caterpillar or
+large animal could attempt to injure them without being attacked by the
+little warriors. The fruit-like bodies are about one-twelfth of an inch
+long, and are about one-third of the size of the ants; so that the ant
+bearing one away is as heavily laden as a man bearing a large bunch of
+plantains. I think these facts show that the ants are really kept by the
+acacia as a standing army, to protect its leaves from the attacks of
+herbivorous mammals and insects.
+
+The bull's-horn thorn does not grow at the mines in the forest, nor are
+the small ants attending on them found there. They seem specially
+adapted for the tree, and I have seen them nowhere else. Besides the
+little ants, I found another ant that lives on these acacias, whose
+habits appear to be rather different. It makes the holes of entrance to
+the thorns near the centre of one of each pair, and not near the end,
+and it is not so active as the other species. It is also rather scarce;
+but when it does occur, it occupies the whole tree, to the exclusion of
+the other. The glands on the acacia are also frequented by a small
+species of wasp. I sowed the seeds of the acacia in my garden, and
+reared some young plants. Ants of many kinds were numerous; but none of
+them took to the thorns for shelter, nor the glands and fruit-like
+bodies for food; for, as I have already mentioned, the species that
+attend on the thorns are not found in the forest. The leaf-cutting ants
+attacked the young plants, and defoliated them; but I have never seen
+any of the trees out on the savannahs that are guarded touched by them,
+and have no doubt the acacia is protected from them by its little
+warriors. The thorns, when they are first developed, are soft, and
+filled with a sweetish, pulpy substance; so that the ant, when it makes
+an entrance into them, finds its new house full of food. It hollows this
+out, leaving only the hardened shell of the thorn. Strange to say, this
+treatment seems to favor the development of the thorn, as it increases
+in size, bulging out toward the base; whilst in my plants that were not
+touched by the ants, the thorns turned yellow and dried up into dead but
+persistent prickles. I am not sure, however, that this may not have been
+due to the habitat of the plant not suiting it.
+
+These ants seem to lead the happiest of existences. Protected by their
+stings, they fear no foe. Habitations full of food are provided for them
+to commence housekeeping with; and cups of nectar and luscious fruits
+await them every day. But there is a reverse to the picture. In the dry
+season on the plains, the acacias cease to grow. No young leaves are
+produced, and the old glands do not secrete honey. Then want and hunger
+overtake the ants that have reveled in luxury all the wet season; many
+of the thorns are depopulated, and only a few ants live through the
+season of scarcity. As soon, however, as the first rains set in, the
+trees throw out numerous vigorous shoots, and the ants multiply again
+with astonishing rapidity.
+
+Both in Brazil and in Nicaragua I paid much attention to the relation
+between the presence of honey-secreting glands on plants, and the
+protection the latter secured by the attendance of ants attracted by the
+honey. I found many plants so protected; the glands being specially
+developed on the young leaves, and on the sepals of the flowers. Besides
+the bull's-horn acacias, I, however, only met with two other genera of
+plants that furnished the ants with houses, namely, the trumpet tree
+and some of the evergreen shrubs; but I have no doubt that there are
+many others. The stem of the Cecropia, or trumpet tree, is hollow, and
+divided into cells by partitions that extend across the interior of the
+hollow trunk. The ants gain access by making a hole from the outside,
+and then burrow through the partitions, thus getting the run of the
+whole stem. They do not obtain their food directly from the tree, but
+keep brown scale insects in the cells, which suck the juices from the
+tree, and secrete a honey-like fluid that exudes from a pore on the
+back, and is lapped up by the ants. In one cell eggs will be found, in
+another grubs, and in a third pupæ, all lying loosely. In another cell,
+by itself, a queen ant will be found, surrounded by walls made of a
+brown waxy-looking substance, along with about a dozen scale insects to
+supply her with food. I suppose the eggs are removed as soon as laid,
+for I never found any along with the queen ant. If the tree be shaken,
+the ants rush out in myriads, and search about for the molester. This
+case is not like the last one, where the tree has provided food and
+shelter for the ants, but rather one where the ant has taken possession
+of the tree, and brought with it the scale insects; but I believe that
+its presence must be beneficial. I have cut into some dozens of the
+trumpet trees, and never could find one that was not tenanted by ants. I
+noticed three different species, all, as far as I know, confined to the
+trumpet tree, and all farming scale insects. As in the bull's-horn
+thorn, there is never more than one species of ant on the same tree.
+
+In some species of evergreen shrub there is a direct provision of houses
+for the ants. In each leaf, at the base of the laminæ, the petiole, or
+stalk, is furnished with a couple of pouches, divided from each other by
+the midrib. Into each of these pouches there is an entrance from the
+lower side of the leaf. I noticed them first in Northern Brazil, in the
+province of Maranham; and afterwards at Para. Every pouch was occupied
+by a nest of small black ants; and if the leaf was shaken ever so
+little, they would rush out and scour all over it in search of the
+aggressor. I must have tested some hundreds of leaves, and never shook
+one without the ants coming out, excepting one sickly-looking plant at
+Para. In many of the pouches I noticed the eggs and young ants, and in
+some I saw a few dark-colored scale insects or plant lice; but my
+attention had not been at that time directed to the latter as supplying
+the ants with food, and I did not examine a sufficient number of pouches
+to determine whether they were constant occupants of the nests or not;
+but my experience since with the trumpet trees would lead me to expect
+that they were. If so, we have an instance of two insects and a plant
+living together, and all benefited by the companionship. The leaves of
+the plant are guarded by the ants; the ants are provided with houses by
+the plant, and food by the scale insects and plant lice; and the latter
+are effectually protected by the ants in their common habitation.
+
+Amongst the numerous plants that do not provide houses, but attract ants
+to their leaves and flower buds by means of glands secreting a
+honey-like liquid, are many orchids, and I think all the species of
+passion flowers. I had the common red passion flower growing over the
+front on my verandah, where it was continually under my notice. It had
+honey-secreting glands on its young leaves and on the sepals of the
+flower buds. For two years I noticed that the glands were constantly
+attended by a small ant, and, night and day, every young leaf and every
+flower bud had a few on them. They did not sting, but attacked and bit
+my finger when I touched the plant. I have no doubt that the primary
+object of these honey-glands was to attract the ants, and keep them
+about the most tender and vulnerable parts of the plant, to prevent them
+being injured; and I further believe that one of the principal enemies
+that they serve to guard against in tropical America is the leaf-cutting
+ant, as I have noticed that the latter are very much afraid of the small
+black ants.
+
+On the third year after I had noticed the attendance of the ants on my
+passion flower, I found that the glands were not so well looked after as
+before, and soon discovered that a number of scale insects had
+established themselves on the stems, and that the ants had in a great
+measure transferred their attentions to them. An ant would stand over a
+scale insect and stroke it alternately on each side with its antennas,
+whereupon every now and then a clear drop of honey would exude from a
+pore on the back of the scale insect and be imbibed by the ant. Here it
+was clear that the scale insect was competing successfully with the
+leaves and sepals for the attendance and protection of the ants, and was
+successful either through the fluid it furnished being more attractive
+or more abundant. I have, from these facts, been led to the conclusion
+that the use of honey-secreting glands in plants is to attract insects
+that will protect the flower buds and leaves from being injured by
+herbivorous insects and mammals; but I do not mean to infer that this is
+the use of all glands, for many of the small appendicular bodies, called
+"glands" by botanists, do not secrete honey. The common dog-rose of
+England is furnished with glands on the stipules, and in other species
+they are more numerous, until in the wild rose of the northern counties
+the leaves are thickly edged, and the fruit and sepals covered with
+stalked glands. I have only observed the wild roses in the north of
+England, but there I have never seen insects attending the glands. These
+glands, however, do not secrete honey; but a dark, resinous, sticky
+liquid, that probably is useful by being distasteful to both insects and
+mammals.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[306-1] From _The Naturalist in Nicaragua_.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE FAMILY OF MICHAEL AROUT[314-1]
+
+_From the French of_ EMILE SOUVESTRE
+
+
+_September 15th, Eight O'clock._--This morning, while I was arranging my
+books, Mother Genevieve came in and brought me the basket of fruit I buy
+of her every Sunday. For nearly twenty years that I have lived in this
+quarter I have dealt in her little fruit shop. Perhaps I should be
+better served elsewhere, but Mother Genevieve has but little custom; to
+leave her would do her harm and cause her unnecessary pain. It seems to
+me that the length of our acquaintance has made me incur a sort of tacit
+obligation to her; my patronage has become her property.
+
+She has put the basket upon my table, and as I wanted her husband, who
+is a joiner, to add some shelves to my bookcase, she has gone downstairs
+again immediately to send him to me.
+
+At first I did not notice either her looks or the sound of her voice;
+but, now that I recall them, it seems to me that she was not as jovial
+as usual. Can Mother Genevieve be in trouble about anything?
+
+Poor woman! All her best years were subject to such bitter trials that
+she might think she had received her full share already. Were I to live
+a hundred years I should never forget the circumstances which first
+made her known to me and which obtained her my respect.
+
+It was at the time of my first settling in the faubourg. I had noticed
+her empty fruit shop, which nobody came into, and being attracted by its
+forsaken appearance I made my little purchases in it. I have always
+instinctively preferred the poor shops; there is less choice in them,
+but it seems to me that my purchase is a sign of sympathy with a brother
+in poverty. These little dealings are almost always an anchor of hope to
+those whose very existence is in peril--the only means by which some
+orphan gains a livelihood. There the aim of the tradesman is not to
+enrich himself, but to live! The purchase you make of him is more than
+an exchange--it is a good action.
+
+Mother Genevieve at that time was still young, but had already lost that
+fresh bloom of youth which suffering causes to wither so soon among the
+poor. Her husband, a clever joiner, gradually left off working to
+become, according to the picturesque expression of the workshops, "a
+worshipper of Saint Monday." The wages of the week, which was always
+reduced to two or three working days, were completely dedicated by him
+to the worship of this god of the Barriers,[315-2] and Genevieve was
+obliged herself to provide for all the wants of the household.
+
+One evening, when I went to make some trifling purchases of her, I heard
+a sound of quarreling in the back shop. There were the voices of several
+women, among which I distinguished that of Genevieve, broken by sobs. On
+looking further in, I perceived the fruit-woman with a child in her
+arms, and kissing it, while a country nurse seemed to be claiming her
+wages from her. The poor woman, who without doubt had exhausted every
+explanation and every excuse, was crying in silence, and one of her
+neighbors was trying in vain to appease the countrywoman. Excited by
+that love of money which the evils of a hard peasant life but too well
+excuse, and disappointed by the refusal of her expected wages, the nurse
+was launching forth in recriminations, threats, and abuse. In spite of
+myself, I listened to the quarrel, not daring to interfere, and not
+thinking of going away, when Michael Arout appeared at the shop door.
+
+The joiner had just come from the Barrier, where he had passed part of
+the day at the public-house. His blouse, without a belt, and untied at
+the throat, showed none of the noble stains of work; in his hand he held
+his cap, which he had just picked up out of the mud; his hair was in
+disorder, his eye fixed, and the pallor of drunkenness in his face. He
+came reeling in, looked wildly around him, and called Genevieve.
+
+She heard his voice, gave a start, and rushed into the shop; but at the
+sight of the miserable man, who was trying in vain to steady himself,
+she pressed the child in her arms and bent over it with tears.
+
+The countrywoman and the neighbor had followed her.
+
+"Come! come! do you intend to pay me, after all?" cried the former in a
+rage.
+
+"Ask the master for the money," ironically answered the woman from the
+next door, pointing to the joiner, who had just fallen against the
+counter.
+
+The countrywoman looked at him.
+
+"Ah! he is the father," returned she. "Well, what idle beggars! not to
+have a penny to pay honest people, and get tipsy with wine in that way."
+
+The drunkard raised his head.
+
+"What! what!" stammered he; "who is it that talks of wine? I've had
+nothing but brandy! But I am going back again to get some wine! Wife,
+give me your money; there are some friends waiting for me at the wine
+shop."
+
+Genevieve did not answer; he went round the counter, opened the till,
+and began to rummage in it.
+
+"You see where the money of the house goes!" observed the neighbor to
+the countrywoman; "how can the poor unhappy woman pay you when he takes
+all?"
+
+"Is that my fault?" replied the nurse angrily. "They owe it to me and
+somehow or other they must pay me!"
+
+And letting loose her tongue, as those women out of the country do, she
+began relating at length all the care she had taken of the child and all
+the expense it had been to her. In proportion as she recalled all she
+had done, her words seemed to convince her more than ever of her rights
+and to increase her anger. The poor mother, who no doubt feared that her
+violence would frighten the child, returned into the back shop and put
+it into its cradle.
+
+Whether it is that the countrywoman saw in this act a determination to
+escape her claims, or that she was blinded by passion, I cannot say;
+but she rushed into the next room, where I heard the sounds of
+quarreling, with which the cries of the child were soon mingled. The
+joiner, who was still rummaging in the till, was startled and raised his
+head.
+
+At the same moment Genevieve appeared at the door, holding in her arms
+the baby that the countrywoman was trying to tear from her. She ran
+toward the counter, and throwing herself behind her husband cried:
+
+"Michael, defend your son!"
+
+The drunken man quickly stood up erect, like one who awakes with a
+start.
+
+"My son!" stammered he; "what son?"
+
+His looks fell upon the child; a vague ray of intelligence passed over
+his features.
+
+"Robert," resumed he; "it is Robert!"
+
+He tried to steady himself on his feet, that he might take the baby, but
+he tottered. The nurse approached him in a rage.
+
+"My money, or I shall take the child away!" cried she. "It is I who have
+fed and brought it up: if you don't pay me for what has made it live, it
+ought to be the same to you as if it were dead. I shall not go until I
+have my due or the baby."
+
+"And what would you do with him?" murmured Genevieve, pressing Robert
+against her bosom.
+
+"Take it to the Foundling!" replied the countrywoman harshly; "the
+hospital is a better mother than you are, for it pays for the food of
+its little ones."
+
+At the word "Foundling," Genevieve had exclaimed aloud in horror. With
+her arms wound round her son, whose head she hid in her bosom, and her
+two hands spread over him, she had retreated to the wall, and remained
+with her back against it, like a lioness defending her young ones. The
+neighbor and I contemplated this scene, without knowing how we could
+interfere. As for Michael, he looked at us by turns, making a visible
+effort to comprehend it all. When his eye rested upon Genevieve and the
+child, it lit up with a gleam of pleasure; but when he turned toward us,
+he again became stupid and hesitating.
+
+At last, apparently making a prodigious effort, he cried out, "Wait!"
+
+And going to a tub full of water, he plunged his face into it several
+times.
+
+Every eye was turned upon him; the countrywoman herself seemed
+astonished. At length he raised his dripping head. This ablution had
+partly dispelled his drunkenness; he looked at us for a moment, then he
+turned to Genevieve, and his face brightened up.
+
+"Robert!" cried he, going up to the child and taking him in his arms.
+"Ah! give him me, wife; I must look at him."
+
+The mother seemed to give up his son to him with reluctance, and stayed
+before him with her arms extended, as if she feared the child would have
+a fall. The nurse began again in her turn to speak, and renewed her
+claims, this time threatening to appeal to law. At first Michael
+listened to her attentively, and when he comprehended her meaning he
+gave the child back to its mother.
+
+"How much do we owe you?" asked he.
+
+[Illustration: "HOW MUCH DO WE OWE YOU?"]
+
+The countrywoman began to reckon up the different expenses, which
+amounted to nearly 30 francs. The joiner felt to the bottom of his
+pockets, but could find nothing. His forehead became contracted by
+frowns; low curses began to escape him. All of a sudden he rummaged in
+his breast, drew forth a large watch, and holding it up above his head--
+
+"Here it is--here's your money!" cried he with a joyful laugh; "a watch,
+number one! I always said it would keep for a drink on a dry day; but it
+is not I who will drink it, but the young one. Ah! ah! ah! go and sell
+it for me, neighbor, and if that is not enough, I have my earrings. Eh!
+Genevieve, take them off for me; the earrings will square all! They
+shall not say you have been disgraced on account of the child--no, not
+even if I must pledge a bit of my flesh! My watch, my earrings, and my
+ring--get rid of all of them for me at the goldsmith's; pay the woman
+and let the little fool go to sleep. Give him me, Genevieve; I will put
+him to bed."
+
+And taking the baby from the arms of his mother, he carried him with a
+firm step to his cradle.
+
+It was easy to perceive the change which took place in Michael from this
+day. He cut all his old drinking acquaintances. He went early every
+morning to his work, and returned regularly in the evening to finish the
+day with Genevieve and Robert. Very soon he would not leave them at all,
+and he hired a place near the fruit shop and worked in it on his own
+account.
+
+They would soon have been able to live in comfort, had it not been for
+the expenses which the child required. Everything was given up to his
+education. He had gone through the regular school training, had studied
+mathematics, drawing, and the carpenter's trade, and had only begun to
+work a few months ago. Till now, they had been exhausting every resource
+which their laborious industry could provide to push him forward in his
+business; but, happily, all these exertions had not proved useless; the
+seed had brought forth its fruits, and the days of harvest were close
+by.
+
+While I was thus recalling these remembrances to my mind, Michael had
+come in and was occupied in fixing shelves where they were wanted.
+
+During the time I was writing the notes of my journal, I was also
+scrutinizing the joiner.
+
+The excesses of his youth and the labor of his manhood have deeply
+marked his face; his hair is thin and gray, his shoulders stooping, his
+legs shrunken and slightly bent. There seems a sort of weight in his
+whole being. His very features have an expression of sorrow and
+despondency. He answered my questions by monosyllables, and like a man
+who wishes to avoid conversation. From whence is this dejection, when
+one would think he had all he could wish for? I should like to know!
+
+_Ten O'clock._--Michael is just gone downstairs to look for a tool he
+has forgotten. I have at last succeeded in drawing from him the secret
+of his and Genevieve's sorrow. Their son Robert is the cause of it!
+
+Not that he has turned out ill after all their care--not that he is idle
+and dissipated; but both were in hopes he would never leave them any
+more. The presence of the young man was to have renewed and made glad
+their lives once more; his mother counted the days, his father prepared
+everything to receive their dear associate in their toils; and at the
+moment when they were thus about to be repaid for all their sacrifices,
+Robert had suddenly informed them that he had just engaged himself to a
+contractor at Versailles.
+
+Every remonstrance and every prayer were useless; he brought forward the
+necessity of initiating himself into all the details of an important
+contract, the facilities he should have in his new position of improving
+himself in his trade, and the hopes he had of turning his knowledge to
+advantage. At last, when his mother, having come to the end of her
+arguments, began to cry, he hastily kissed her and went away that he
+might avoid any further remonstrances.
+
+He had been absent a year, and there was nothing to give them hopes of
+his return. His parents hardly saw him once a month, and then he only
+stayed a few moments with them.
+
+"I have been punished where I had hoped to be rewarded," Michael said to
+me just now. "I had wished for a saving and industrious son, and God has
+given me an ambitious and avaricious one! I had always said to myself
+that when once he was grown up we should have him always with us, to
+recall our youth and to enliven our hearts. His mother was always
+thinking of getting him married and having children again to care for.
+You know women always will busy themselves about others. As for me, I
+thought of him working near my bench and singing his new songs; for he
+has learned music and is one of the best singers at the Orphéon. A
+dream, sir, truly! Directly the bird was fledged, he took to flight,
+and remembers neither father nor mother. Yesterday, for instance, was
+the day we expected him; he should have come to supper with us. No
+Robert to-day either! He has had some plan to finish, or some bargain to
+arrange, and his old parents are put down last in the accounts, after
+the customer's and the joiner's work. Ah! if I could have guessed how it
+would have turned out! Fool! to have sacrificed my likings and my money,
+for nearly twenty years, to the education of a thankless son! Was it for
+this I took the trouble to cure myself of drinking, to break with my
+friends, to become an example to the neighborhood? The jovial good
+fellow has made a goose of himself. Oh! if I had to begin again! No, no!
+you see women and children are our bane. They soften our hearts; they
+lead us a life of hope and affection; we pass a quarter of our lives in
+fostering the growth of a grain of corn which is to be everything to us
+in our old age, and when the harvest-time comes--good night, the ear is
+empty!"
+
+While he was speaking, Michael's voice became hoarse, his eye fierce,
+and his lips quivered. I wished to answer him, but I could only think of
+commonplace consolations, and I remained silent. The joiner pretended he
+wanted a tool and left me.
+
+Poor father! Ah! I know those moments of temptation when virtue has
+failed to reward us and we regret having obeyed her! Who has not felt
+this weakness in hours of trial, and who has not uttered, at least once,
+the mournful exclamation of Brutus?
+
+But if virtue is only a word, what is there then in life which is true
+and real? No, I will not believe that goodness is in vain! It does not
+always give the happiness we had hoped for, but it brings some other. In
+the world everything is ruled by order and has its proper and necessary
+consequences, and virtue cannot be the sole exception to the general
+law. If it had been prejudicial to those who practice it, experience
+would have avenged them; but experience has, on the contrary, made it
+more universal and more holy. We only accuse it of being a faithless
+debtor because we demand an immediate payment, and one apparent to our
+senses. We always consider life as a fairy tale, in which every good
+action must be rewarded by a visible wonder. We do not accept as payment
+a peaceful conscience, self-content, or a good name among men--treasures
+that are more precious than any other, but the value of which we do not
+feel till after we have lost them!
+
+Michael is come back and returned to his work. His son had not yet
+arrived.
+
+By telling me of his hopes and his grievous disappointments, he became
+excited; he unceasingly went over again the same subject, always adding
+something to his griefs. He has just wound up his confidential discourse
+by speaking to me of a joiner's business which he had hoped to buy and
+work to good account with Robert's help. The present owner had made a
+fortune by it, and after thirty years of business he was thinking of
+retiring to one of the ornamental cottages in the outskirts of the city,
+a usual retreat for the frugal and successful workingman. Michael had
+not indeed the 2,000 francs which must be paid down; but perhaps he
+could have persuaded Master Benoit to wait. Robert's presence would
+have been a security for him, for the young man could not fail to insure
+the prosperity of a workshop; besides science and skill, he had the
+power of invention and bringing to perfection. His father had discovered
+among his drawings a new plan for a staircase, which had occupied his
+thoughts for a long time; and he even suspected him of having engaged
+himself to the Versailles contractor for the very purpose of executing
+it. The youth was tormented by this spirit of invention, and while
+devoting his mind to study he had not time to listen to his feelings.
+
+[Illustration: MICHAEL IS COME BACK]
+
+Michael told me all this with a mixed feeling of pride and vexation. I
+saw he was proud of the son he was abusing, and that his very pride made
+him more sensible of that son's neglect.
+
+_Six O'clock P. M._--I have just finished a happy day. How many events
+have happened within a few hours, and what a change for Genevieve and
+Michael!
+
+He had just finished fixing the shelves and telling me of his son, while
+I laid the cloth for my breakfast.
+
+Suddenly we heard hurried steps in the passage, the door opened, and
+Genevieve entered with Robert. The joiner gave a start of joyful
+surprise, but he repressed it immediately, as if he wished to keep up
+the appearance of displeasure.
+
+The young man did not appear to notice it, but threw himself into his
+arms in an open-hearted manner which surprised me. Genevieve, whose face
+shone with happiness, seemed to wish to speak, and to restrain herself
+with difficulty.
+
+I told Robert I was glad to see him, and he answered me with ease and
+civility.
+
+"I expected you yesterday," said Michael Arout rather dryly.
+
+"Forgive me, father," replied the young workman, "but I had business at
+St. Germain's. I was not able to come back till it was very late, and
+then the master kept me."
+
+The joiner looked at his son sideways, and then took up his hammer
+again.
+
+"All right," muttered he in a grumbling tone; "when we are with other
+people we must do as they wish; but there are some who would like better
+to eat brown bread with their own knife than partridges with the silver
+fork of a master."
+
+"And I am one of those, father," replied Robert merrily; "but, as the
+proverb says, 'you must shell the peas before you can eat them.' It was
+necessary that I should first work in a great workshop--"
+
+"To go on with your plan of the staircase," interrupted Michael,
+ironically.
+
+"You must now say M. Raymond's plan, father," replied Robert, smiling.
+
+"Why?"
+
+"Because I have sold it to him."
+
+The joiner, who was planing a board, turned round quickly.
+
+"Sold it!" cried he, with sparkling eyes.
+
+"For the reason that I was not rich enough to give it him."
+
+Michael threw down the board and tool.
+
+"There he is again!" resumed he angrily; "his good genius puts an idea
+into his head which would have made him known, and he goes and sells it
+to a rich man, who will take all the honor of it himself."
+
+"Well, what harm is there done?" asked Genevieve.
+
+"What harm!" cried the joiner in a passion. "You understand nothing
+about it--you are a woman; but he--he knows well that a true workman
+never gives up his own inventions for money, no more than a soldier
+would give up his cross. That is his glory; he is bound to keep it for
+the honor it does him! Ah! thunder! if I had ever made a discovery,
+rather than put it up at auction I would have sold one of my eyes! Don't
+you see that a new invention is like a child to a workman? He takes care
+of it, he makes a way for it in the world, and it is only poor creatures
+who sell it."
+
+Robert colored a little.
+
+"You will think differently, father," said he, "when you know why I sold
+my plan."
+
+"Yes, and you will thank him for it," added Genevieve, who could no
+longer keep silence.
+
+"Never!" replied Michael.
+
+"But, wretched man!" cried she, "he only sold it for our sakes!"
+
+The joiner looked at his wife and son with astonishment. The latter
+related how he had entered into a negotiation with Master Benoit, who
+had positively refused to sell his business unless one-half of the 2,000
+francs were first paid down. It was in the hopes of obtaining this sum
+that he had gone to work with the contractor at Versailles; he had had
+an opportunity of trying his invention and of finding a purchaser.
+Thanks to the money he received for it, he had just concluded the
+bargain with Benoit, and had brought his father the key of the new
+work-yard.
+
+This explanation was given by the young workman with so much modesty and
+simplicity that I was quite affected by it. Genevieve cried; Michael
+pressed his son to his heart, and seemed to ask his pardon for having
+unjustly accused him.
+
+All was now explained with honor to Robert. The conduct which his
+parents had ascribed to indifference really sprang from affection; he
+had neither obeyed the voice of ambition nor of avarice, nor even the
+nobler inspiration of inventive genius; his whole motive and single aim
+had been the happiness of Genevieve and Michael. The day for proving his
+gratitude had come, and he had returned them sacrifice for sacrifice!
+
+After the explanation and exclamations of joy were over, all three were
+about to leave me; but the cloth being laid, I added three more places,
+and kept them to breakfast.
+
+The meal was prolonged: the fare was only tolerable, but the
+overflowings of affection made it delicious. Never had I better
+understood the unspeakable charm of family love. What calm enjoyment in
+that happiness which is always shared with others; in that community of
+interests which unites such various feeling; in that association of
+existences which forms one single being of so many! What is man without
+those home affections which, like so many roots, fix him firmly in the
+earth and permit him to imbibe all the juices of life? Energy,
+happiness--does it not all come from them? Without family life where
+would man learn to love, to associate, to deny himself? A community in
+little, is it not this which teaches us how to live in the great one?
+Such is the holiness of home, that to express our relation with God we
+have been obliged to borrow the words invented for our family life. Men
+have named themselves the sons of a heavenly Father!
+
+Ah! let us carefully preserve these chains of domestic union; do not let
+us unbind the human sheaf and scatter its ears to all the caprices of
+chance and of the winds; but let us rather enlarge this holy law; let us
+carry the principles and the habits of home beyond its bounds; and, let
+us realize the prayer of the Apostle of the Gentiles when he exclaimed
+to the new-born children of Christ:
+
+"Be ye like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one
+mind."
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[314-1] This is adapted from _An Attic Philosopher in Paris_.
+
+[315-2] The cheap wine shops of Paris are outside the Barriers, to avoid
+the city tax.
+
+
+
+
+ON THE RECEIPT OF MY MOTHER'S PICTURE
+
+_By_ WILLIAM COWPER
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY NOTE
+
+Before we read this beautiful little poem, let us prepare ourselves by
+learning something about the author.
+
+William Cowper, the son of an English clergyman, was born in 1731. He
+was a delicate, sensitive little boy whose life was made miserable by
+his companions in play and at school. So timid was he that the larger
+boys tyrannized over him shamefully, and the smaller ones teased him as
+much as they liked. When his mother died, William was but six years old,
+and the shrinking little lad was placed in a large boarding school where
+the other boys were cruel and heartless. At least, so they seemed to the
+frightened newcomer. Probably they were no more cruel and heartless than
+most strong and healthy youngsters who are accustomed to give and take
+without whimpering. Young Cowper was merely the strange lad whose timid
+and hesitating manner seemed to call for discipline. Years afterwards,
+still remembering the agony of these years, he wrote of one big boy in
+particular.
+
+"His savage treatment of me impressed such a dread of his figure upon my
+mind that I well remember of being afraid to lift my eyes up higher
+than to his knees, and that I knew him better by his shoe-buckles than
+by any other part of his dress."
+
+At ten he was removed to Westminster School, where he made some good
+friends. Here, too, he took a more manly stand, played football and
+cricket with the other boys, and redeemed himself from some of his
+weakness. But he had numerous spells of moodiness and sadness, during
+which he hid himself from his fellows and refused to join their plays
+even. He was unusually intelligent, distinguished himself in his
+studies, and became a favorite with his teachers.
+
+Among his friends here was Warren Hastings, who long years afterwards,
+as governor of India, was convicted of cruelty and extortion. Cowper
+showed the loyalty of his nature by refusing utterly to believe in the
+guilt of his old friend.
+
+William's father wished to make a lawyer of his son, and when the boy
+had finished at Westminster he was sent to study law in London. If he
+had been unhappy in school, he became even more so now, for there was
+nothing in the legal profession to attract him. Instead of reading law
+he read literature; instead of writing legal papers he wrote poems and
+sketches. Finally, however, he became a lawyer, but he could never bring
+himself to practice his profession.
+
+At one time he was given a clerkship, but in preparation for it he was
+asked to take an examination before the bar at the House of Lords. Here
+his old nervousness and timidity overpowered him, and he failed to
+appear; in fact, he ran away, planning to kill himself, but at the last
+moment his courage again failed him. After this, his mind gave way, and
+he was for a time in an asylum. In fact, at intervals thereafter, he had
+attacks of despondency and moodiness, of fear and discouragement, which
+showed how seriously his mind was affected.
+
+So far this is not a very attractive picture; but it is one side of the
+great poet's character. That there was another we knew, for he made the
+most loyal friends, who opened their homes to him and were ever willing
+to care for him.
+
+At one time he was engaged to be married, but an attack of insanity
+prevented the union, though it did not destroy the ardent friendship of
+the lovers. Cowper could never wholly throw off the fear of the future.
+"Day and night," he once wrote, "I was upon the rack, lying down in
+horror and rising up in despair."
+
+His most attached friends, the Unwins, were deeply religious people, and
+at their house Cowper spent his happiest years. It was a great shock to
+him when Mr. Unwin was thrown from a horse and killed. From that time a
+succession of kind friends aided him, watched him through his periods of
+despair and provided for his simple wants. He was passionately fond of
+pets, and was happiest in caring for his rabbits, cats and other
+animals. He liked gardening, too, and spent a great deal of energy upon
+his plants.
+
+Cowper was one of the finest correspondents that ever wrote, and his
+graceful and humorous letters are still read with pleasure by all who
+know them. Strangely enough, his gloominess rarely found its way into
+his poetry, which often was highly amusing, as you know who have read
+_John Gilpin_. _The Task_ is his greatest poem, though there are many
+short ones of great beauty.
+
+Cowper was sincere and honest, and used good judgment in everything that
+did not concern himself. Occasionally he became dissatisfied with the
+style of poetry then most popular, because it was written so strictly
+according to rule and because heart and nature were all forgotten. What
+he wrote was different; putting his truthful eyes on birds and flowers,
+on fine scenery and on noble men and women, he wrote exactly as he saw,
+and let his fine sentiment and loving heart find gracious expression.
+The result was that he led the way for Wordsworth, the greater man, who
+brought our poetry back from the bonds of formality and made it
+beautiful, sincere and true.
+
+The final years of Cowper were sad ones. Mrs. Unwin was stricken with
+paralysis, and the poet repaid her years of care and protection by an
+unfailing attention that lasted till she died. It is said that after the
+one heart-breaking cry he uttered when he saw her dead body, he never
+again mentioned her name, though he lived for four years. His end came
+peacefully enough, in April, 1800.
+
+When Cowper was fifty-six years old his cousin sent to him from Norfolk
+a picture of his mother, who had then been dead for half a century. How
+vivid a recollection of her loving care remained to the saddened man may
+be seen in the poem.
+
+
+
+
+MY MOTHER'S PICTURE
+
+OUT OF NORFOLK, THE GIFT OF MY COUSIN, ANN BODHAM
+
+
+    O that those lips had language! Life has passed
+    With me but roughly since I heard thee last.
+    Those lips are thine,--thy own sweet smile I see,
+    The same that oft in childhood solaced me;
+    Voice only fails, else how distinct they say,
+    "Grieve not, my child; chase all thy fears away!"
+    The meek intelligence of those dear eyes
+    (Blest be the art that can immortalize,--
+    The art that baffles time's tyrannic claim
+    To quench it!) here shines on me still the same.
+
+    Faithful remembrancer of one so dear!
+    O welcome guest, though unexpected here!
+    Who bid'st me honor with an artless song,
+    Affectionate, a mother lost so long.
+    I will obey,--not willingly alone.
+    But gladly, as[335-1] the precept were her own;
+    And, while that face renews my filial grief,
+    Fancy shall weave a charm for my relief,--
+    Shall steep me in Elysian[335-2] revery,
+    A momentary dream that thou art she.
+
+[Illustration: "MY MOTHER!"]
+
+      My mother! when I learned that thou wast dead,
+    Say, wast thou conscious of the tears I shed?
+    Hovered thy spirit o'er thy sorrowing son,--
+    Wretch even then, life's journey just begun?
+    Perhaps thou gavest me, though unfelt, a kiss;
+    Perhaps a tear, if souls can weep in bliss--
+    Ah, that maternal smile! it answers--Yes.
+    I heard the bell tolled on thy burial day;
+    I saw the hearse that bore thee slow away;
+    And, turning from my nursery window, drew
+    A long, long sigh, and wept a last adieu!
+    But was it such?--It was.--Where thou art gone
+    Adieus and farewells are a sound unknown;
+    May I but meet thee on that peaceful shore,
+    The parting word shall pass my lips no more.
+    Thy maidens, grieved themselves at my concern,
+    Oft gave me promise of thy quick return;
+    What ardently I wished I long believed,
+    And, disappointed still, was still deceived,--
+    By expectation every day beguiled,
+    Dupe of to-morrow even from a child.
+    Thus many a sad to-morrow came and went,
+    Till, all my stock of infant sorrow spent,
+    I learned at last submission to my lot;
+    But, though I less deplored thee, ne'er forgot.
+
+    Where once we dwelt our name is heard no more;
+    Children not thine have trod my nursery floor;
+    And where the gardener Robin, day by day,
+    Drew me to school along the public way,
+    Delighted with my bauble coach, and wrapt
+    In scarlet mantle warm, and velvet capped,
+    'Tis now become a history little known,
+    That once we call'd the pastoral house[337-3] our own.
+    Shortlived possession! but the record fair,
+    That memory keeps of all thy kindness there,
+    Still outlives many a storm, that has effaced
+    A thousand other themes less deeply traced.
+    Thy nightly visits to my chamber made,
+    That thou mightst know me safe and warmly laid;
+    Thy morning bounties ere I left my home,
+    The biscuit, or confectionery plum;
+    The fragrant waters on my cheeks bestow'd
+    By thy own hand, till fresh they shone and glow'd;
+    All this, and more endearing still than all,
+    Thy constant flow of love, that knew no fall,
+    Ne'er roughen'd by those cataracts and breaks,
+    That humour[338-4] interposed too often makes;
+    All this still legible in memory's page,
+    And still to be so to my latest age,
+    Adds joy to duty, makes me glad to pay
+    Such honours to thee as my numbers[338-5] may;
+    Perhaps a frail memorial, but sincere,
+    Not scorn'd in Heaven, though little noticed here.
+    Could Time, his flight reversed, restore the hours,
+    When, playing with thy vesture's tissued[338-6] flowers,
+    The violet, the pink, the jessamine,
+    I prick'd them into paper with a pin,[338-7]
+    (And thou wast happier than myself the while--
+    Wouldst softly speak, and stroke my head and smile,)--
+    Could those few pleasant days again appear,
+    Might one wish bring them, would I wish them here?
+    I would not trust my heart,--the dear delight
+    Seems so to be desired, perhaps I might.
+    But no,--what here we call our life is such,
+    So little to be loved, and thou so much,
+    That I should ill requite thee to constrain
+    Thy unbound spirit into bounds again.
+
+      Thou--as a gallant bark, from Albion's[339-8] coast,
+    (The storms all weathered and the ocean crossed,)
+    Shoots into port at some well-havened isle,
+    Where spices breathe and brighter seasons smile;
+    There sits quiescent on the floods, that show
+    Her beauteous form reflected clear below,
+    While airs impregnated with incense play
+    Around her, fanning light her streamers gay,--
+    So thou, with sails how swift! hast reached the shore
+    "Where tempests never beat nor billows roar":
+    And thy loved consort[339-9] on the dangerous tide
+    Of life long since has anchored by thy side.
+    But me,[339-10] scarce hoping to attain the rest,
+    Always from port withheld, always distressed,--
+    Me[339-10] howling blasts drive devious, tempest-tossed,
+    Sails ripped, seams opening wide, and compass lost;[339-11]
+    And day by day some current's thwarting force
+    Sets me more distant from a prosperous course.
+    Yet O, the thought that thou art safe, and he!--[339-12]
+    That thought is joy, arrive what may to me.
+    My boast is not that I deduce my birth
+    From loins enthroned,[339-13] and rulers of the earth;
+    But higher far my proud pretensions rise,--
+    The son of parents passed into the skies.
+    And now, farewell!--Time, unrevoked,[340-14] has run
+    His wonted course; yet what I wished is done.
+    By contemplation's help, not sought in vain,
+    I seem to have lived my childhood o'er again,--
+    To have renewed the joys that once were mine,
+    Without the sin of violating thine;
+    And, while the wings of fancy still are free,
+    And I can view this mimic show of thee,
+    Time has but half succeeded in his theft,--
+    Thyself removed, thy power to soothe me left.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[335-1] As _though_ the request were her own.
+
+[335-2] The Elysian Fields were the blessed lands of beauty and joy to
+which the Greeks hoped to go at their death.
+
+[337-3] The _pastoral house_ means the rectory, the home of the
+clergyman.
+
+[338-4] _Humour_ here means _temper_.
+
+[338-5] _Numbers_ is used for _poetic measures; poetry_.
+
+[338-6] _Tissued_ is a poetic word for _variegated_.
+
+[338-7] He pricked into paper with a pin the outlines of the variegated
+forms of violets, pinks and jessamine that decorated his mother's dress.
+
+[339-8] _England's._ The old name Albion, which means _white_, is still
+used in poetry. Just how the name originated no one knows. Perhaps it
+alluded to the white chalk cliffs of England which the Gauls could see.
+
+[339-9] Cowper's father died in 1756; his mother in 1737.
+
+[339-10] _Me_ is repeated for emphasis; it is the object of _drive_:
+"Howling blasts drive me out of the straight line," is what the lines
+mean.
+
+[339-11] Cowper was too strongly conscious of his weakness and his
+difference from other men. He wrote in a letter to a friend, "Certainly
+I am not an absolute fool, but I have more weaknesses than the greatest
+of all the fools I can recollect at present. In short, if I was as fit
+for the next world as I am unfit for this,--and God forbid I should
+speak of it in vanity,--I would not change conditions with any saint in
+Christendom."
+
+[339-12] "That thou art safe, and that he is safe."
+
+[339-13] Cowper descended from ancient and high lineage on both sides.
+
+
+
+
+THOSE EVENING BELLS
+
+_By_ THOMAS MOORE
+
+
+    Those evening bells! those evening bells.
+    How many a tale their music tells,
+    Of youth, and home, and that sweet time
+    When last I heard their soothing chime!
+
+    Those joyous hours are passed away;
+    And many a heart that once was gay,
+    Within the tomb now darkly dwells,
+    And hears no more those evening bells.
+
+    And so 'twill be when I am gone--
+    That tuneful peal will still ring on;
+    While other bards shall walk these dells,
+    And sing your praise, sweet evening bells.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[340-14] _Unrevoked_ means _not called back_.
+
+
+
+
+ANNABEL LEE
+
+_By_ EDGAR ALLAN POE
+
+
+    It was many and many a year ago,
+      In a kingdom by the sea,
+    That a maiden lived, whom you may know
+      By the name of Annabel Lee;
+    And this maiden she lived with no other thought
+      Than to love, and be loved by me.
+
+    I was a child and she was a child,
+      In this kingdom by the sea;
+    But we loved with a love that was more than love,
+      I and my Annabel Lee,--
+    With a love that the wingèd seraphs of heaven
+      Coveted her and me.
+
+    And this was the reason that long ago,
+      In this kingdom by the sea,
+    A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling
+      My beautiful Annabel Lee;
+    So that her highborn kinsmen came,
+      And bore her away from me,
+    To shut her up in a sepulchre,
+      In this kingdom by the sea.
+
+    The angels, not so happy in heaven,
+      Went envying her and me.
+    Yes! that was the reason (as all men know)
+      In this kingdom by the sea,
+    That the wind came out of the cloud by night,
+      Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.
+
+[Illustration: IN HER SEPULCHRE THERE BY THE SEA]
+
+    But our love it was stronger by far than the love
+      Of those who were older than we,
+      Of many far wiser than we;
+    And neither the angels in heaven above,
+      Nor the demons down under the sea,
+    Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
+      Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.
+    For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams
+      Of the beautiful Annabel Lee,
+
+    And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes
+      Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.
+    And so, all the night-tide I lie down by the side
+      Of my darling, my darling, my life, and my bride,
+    In her sepulchre there by the sea,
+      In her tomb by the sounding sea.
+
+
+
+
+THE THREE FISHERS
+
+_By_ CHARLES KINGSLEY
+
+
+    Three fishers went sailing out into the west--
+      Out into the west as the sun went down;
+    Each thought on the woman who loved him the best,
+      And the children stood watching them out of the town;
+    For men must work, and women must weep;
+    And there's little to earn, and many to keep,
+      Though the harbor bar be moaning.
+
+    Three wives sat up in the lighthouse tower,
+      And trimmed the lamps as the sun went down;
+    And they looked at the squall, and they looked at the shower,
+      And the night rack came rolling up, ragged and brown;
+    But men must work, and women must weep,--
+    Though storms be sudden, and waters deep,
+      And the harbor bar be moaning.
+
+[Illustration: THE NIGHT RACK CAME ROLLING UP]
+
+    Three corpses lay out on the shining sands
+      In the morning gleam as the tide went down,
+    And the women are weeping and wringing their hands,
+      For those who will never come back to the town;
+    For men must work, and women must weep,
+    And the sooner it's over, the sooner to sleep,--
+      And good-bye to the bar and its moaning.
+
+
+
+
+THE REAPER'S DREAM
+
+_By_ THOMAS BUCHANAN READ
+
+
+    The road was lone; the grass was dank
+    With night-dews on the briery bank
+    Whereon a weary reaper sank.
+    His garb was old; his visage tanned;
+    The rusty sickle in his hand
+    Could find no work in all the land.
+
+    He saw the evening's chilly star
+    Above his native vale afar;
+    A moment on the horizon's bar
+    It hung, then sank, as with a sigh;
+    And there the crescent moon went by,
+    An empty sickle down the sky.
+
+    To soothe his pain, Sleep's tender palm
+    Laid on his brow its touch of balm;
+    His brain received the slumberous calm;
+    And soon that angel without name,
+    Her robe a dream, her face the same,
+    The giver of sweet visions came.
+
+    She touched his eyes; no longer sealed,
+    They saw a troop of reapers wield
+    Their swift blades in a ripened field.
+    At each thrust of their snowy sleeves
+    A thrill ran through the future sheaves
+    Rustling like rain on forest leaves.
+
+    They were not brawny men who bowed,
+    With harvest voices rough and loud,
+    But spirits, moving as a cloud.
+    Like little lightnings in their hold,
+    The silver sickles manifold
+    Slid musically through the gold.
+
+    O, bid the morning stars combine
+    To match the chorus clear and fine,
+    That rippled lightly down the line,--
+    A cadence of celestial rhyme,
+    The language of that cloudless clime,
+    To which their shining hands kept time!
+
+    Behind them lay the gleaming rows,
+    Like those long clouds the sunset shows
+    On amber meadows of repose;
+    But, like a wind, the binders bright
+    Soon followed in their mirthful might,
+    And swept them into sheaves of light.
+
+    Doubling the splendor of the plain,
+    There rolled the great celestial wain,
+    To gather in the fallen grain.
+    Its frame was built of golden bars;
+    Its glowing wheels were lit with stars;
+    The royal Harvest's car of cars.
+
+    The snowy yoke that drew the load,
+    On gleaming hoofs of silver trode;
+    And music was its only goad.
+    To no command of word or beck
+    It moved, and felt no other check
+    Than one white arm laid on the neck,--
+
+    The neck, whose light was overwound
+    With bells of lilies, ringing round
+    Their odors till the air was drowned:
+    The starry foreheads meekly borne,
+    With garlands looped from horn to horn,
+    Shone like the many-colored morn.
+
+    The field was cleared. Home went the bands,
+    Like children, linking happy hands,
+    While singing through their father's lands;
+    Or, arms about each other thrown,
+    With amber tresses backward blown,
+    They moved as they were music's own.
+
+[Illustration: THE CRESCENT MOON WENT BY]
+
+    The vision brightening more and more,
+    He saw the garner's glowing door,
+    And sheaves, like sunshine, strew the floor,--
+    The floor was jasper,--golden flails,
+    Swift-sailing as a whirlwind sails,
+    Throbbed mellow music down the vales.
+
+    He saw the mansion,--all repose,--
+    Great corridors and porticos,
+    Propped with the columns, shining rows;
+    And these--for beauty was the rule--
+    The polished pavements, hard and cool,
+    Redoubled, like a crystal pool.
+
+    And there the odorous feast was spread;
+    The fruity fragrance widely shed
+    Seemed to the floating music wed.
+    Seven angels, like the Pleiad seven,
+    Their lips to silver clarions given,
+    Blew welcome round the walls of heaven.
+
+    In skyey garments, silky thin,
+    The glad retainers floated in
+    A thousand forms, and yet no din:
+    And from the visage of the Lord,
+    Like splendor from the Orient poured,
+    A smile illumined all the board.
+
+    Far flew the music's circling sound;
+    Then floated back, with soft rebound,
+    To join, nor mar, the converse round,
+    Sweet notes, that, melting, still increased,
+    Such as ne'er cheered the bridal feast
+    Of king in the enchanted East.
+
+    Did any great door ope or close,
+    It seemed the birth-time of repose,
+    The faint sound died where it arose;
+    And they who passed from door to door;
+    Their soft feet on the polished floor
+    Met their soft shadows,--nothing more.
+
+    Then once again the groups were drawn
+    Through corridors, or down the lawn,
+    Which bloomed in beauty like a dawn.
+    Where countless fountains leapt alway,
+    Veiling their silver heights in spray,
+    The choral people held their way.
+
+    There, midst the brightest, brightly shone
+    Dear forms he loved in years agone,--
+    The earliest loved,--the earliest flown.
+    He heard a mother's sainted tongue,
+    A sister's voice, who vanished young,
+    While one still dearer sweetly sung!
+
+    No further might the scene unfold;
+    The gazer's voice could not withhold;
+    The very rapture made him bold:
+    He cried aloud, with claspéd hands,
+    "O happy fields! O happy bands!
+    Who reap the never-failing lands.
+
+    "Oh master of these broad estates,
+    Behold, before your very gates
+    A worn and wanting laborer waits!
+    Let me but toil amid your grain,
+    Or be a gleaner on the plain,
+    So I may leave these fields of pain!
+
+    "A gleaner, I will follow far,
+    With never look or word to mar,
+    Behind the Harvest's yellow car;
+    All day my hand shall constant be,
+    And every happy eve shall see
+    The precious burden borne to thee!"
+
+    At morn some reapers neared the place,
+    Strong men, whose feet recoiled apace;
+    Then gathering round the upturned face,
+    They saw the lines of pain and care,
+    Yet read in the expression there
+    The look as of an answered prayer.
+
+
+     A poem like the preceding abounds in beautiful word pictures, which
+     add to the charm of the imaginary incident which is related.
+
+     Here is the first: It is a country road in the harvest season. On
+     one side, stretching away into the dim distance, lie fields already
+     reaped; upon the other, a bank, covered with briery vines, rises
+     steeply into the darkness. The evening star lies close to the
+     horizon, and in the sky the cold crescent moon hangs like an empty
+     sickle. In the grass under the bank, with night dews thickly
+     gathered upon him, lies a poor and weary reaper. His torn clothes,
+     old and ill-kept, his tanned face, slender figure, and more than
+     all else the rusty sickle in his hand, show that he has been long
+     without work, and has suffered in poverty.
+
+     The next four scenes are from the reaper's dream:
+
+     1. It is a busy afternoon, and in a field of ripening grain reapers
+     are busy wielding their sickles, but they are not the strong men
+     who talk with loud, rough voices and bind the sheaves with joke and
+     laughter; they are gentle spirits moving like clouds, and their
+     sickles seem like little strokes of lightning as they slide
+     musically through the golden grain. Their shining hands keep time
+     to a beautiful song, and often the reapers glance across the
+     gleaming rows of grain into the rich red of the sunset. The binders
+     follow the reapers and place the sheaves in gleaming rows, while
+     behind them follows the great wagon gathering in the fallen
+     grain,--a wagon not of earth, but built of gold. Beautiful cattle
+     draw the wain, cattle that tread on silver hoofs and move without
+     other command than sweet music, or the soft touch of a white-armed
+     angel. Around the necks of the cattle are white lilies, and from
+     the horns droop garlands of many-colored flowers, freshly picked
+     from the dewy grass.
+
+     2. A jasper floor on which the grain lies like sunshine, and where
+     golden flails, falling swiftly, beat out the grain to mellow music,
+     gleams with increasing brightness.
+
+     3. The great mansion shines with its long corridors, its gleaming
+     porticos and polished pavement, all beautiful and hard and cool.
+     Inside is spread a fragrant feast to which seven angels sing
+     invitation with their silver clarions. Softly the invited guests
+     float in, a multitude in number, but silently as the stars move in
+     heaven. Sweet music floats around the beautiful room, and smiling
+     faces nod around the board. Doors are opened and closed without
+     sound, and the feet of the servants on the polished floor give no
+     more sound than falling shadows.
+
+     4. The groups of angel guests are gathered like flowers upon the
+     lawn where countless fountains play, and among them, moving here
+     and there, are the forms of the loved ones who have passed away
+     before him. His mother, his sister, and one still dearer than
+     either, sing sweetly and walk among fragrant flowers more beautiful
+     than his fancy ever painted.
+
+     The last scene is the same as the first, except that it is a cold,
+     chilly morning instead of a damp evening. Some reapers coming near
+     see lying under the briers the poor old reaper with his upturned
+     face, peaceful and quiet, now in death, but bearing the look of an
+     answered prayer.
+
+
+
+
+THE RECOVERY OF THE HISPANIOLA[352-1]
+
+_By_ ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON
+
+
+The coracle--as I had ample reason to know before I was done with
+her--was a very safe boat for a person of my height and weight, both
+buoyant and clever in a seaway--but she was the most cross-grained
+lop-sided craft to manage. Do as you pleased, she always made more
+leeway than anything else, and turning round and round was the maneuver
+she was best at.
+
+She turned in every direction but the one I was bound to go; the most
+part of the time we were broadside on, and I am very sure I never should
+have made the ship at all but for the tide. By good fortune, paddle as I
+pleased, the tide was still sweeping me down; and there lay the
+_Hispaniola_ right in the fair way, hardly to be missed.
+
+First she loomed before me like a blot of something yet blacker than
+darkness, then her spars and hull began to take shape, and the next
+moment, as it seemed (for, the further I went, the brisker grew the
+current of the ebb), I was alongside of her hawser, and had laid hold.
+
+The hawser was as taut as a bowstring, and the current so strong she
+pulled upon her anchor. All round the hull, in the blackness, the
+rippling current bubbled and chattered like a little mountain stream.
+One cut with my sea-gully, and the _Hispaniola_ would go humming down
+the tide.
+
+So far so good; but it next occurred to my recollection that a taut
+hawser, suddenly cut, is a thing as dangerous as a kicking horse. Ten to
+one, if I were so foolhardy as to cut the _Hispaniola_ from her anchor,
+I and the coracle would be knocked clean out of the water.
+
+This brought me to a full stop, and if fortune had not again
+particularly favored me, I should have had to abandon my design. But the
+light airs which had begun blowing from the southeast and south had
+hauled round after nightfall into the southwest. Just while I was
+meditating, a puff came, caught the _Hispaniola_, and forced her up into
+the current; and, to my great joy, I felt the hawser slacken in my
+grasp, and the hand by which I held it dip for a second under water.
+
+With that I made my mind up, took out my gully, opened it with my teeth,
+and cut one strand after another, till the vessel swung only by two.
+Then I lay quiet, waiting to sever these last when the strain should be
+once more lightened by a breath of wind.
+
+All this time I had heard the sound of loud voices from the cabin; but,
+to say truth, my mind had been so entirely taken up with other thoughts
+that I had scarcely given ear.
+
+One I recognized for the coxswain's, Israel Hands, that had been Flint's
+gunner in former days. The other was, of course, my friend of the red
+nightcap. Both men were plainly the worse of drink, and they were still
+drinking. But they were not only tipsy; it was plain that they were
+furiously angry. Oaths flew like hailstones, and every now and then
+there came forth such an explosion as I thought was sure to end in
+blows. But each time the quarrel passed off, and the voices grumbled
+lower for a while, until the next crisis came, and, in its turn, passed
+away without result.
+
+[Illustration: I LOOKED INTO THE CABIN]
+
+On shore I could see the glow of the great campfire burning warmly
+through the shoreside trees. Some one was singing a dull, old, droning
+sailor's song, with a droop and a quaver at the end of every verse, and
+seemingly no end to it at all but the patience of the singer. I had
+heard it on the voyage more than once, and remembered these words:
+
+   "But one man of her crew alive,
+    What put to sea with seventy-five."
+
+And I thought it was a ditty rather too dolefully appropriate for a
+company that had met such cruel losses in the morning. But, indeed, from
+what I saw, all these buccaneers were as callous as the sea they sailed
+on.
+
+At last the breeze came; the schooner sidled and drew nearer in the
+dark; I felt the hawser slacken once more, and with a good, tough
+effort, cut the last fibers through.
+
+The breeze had but little action on the coracle, and I was almost
+instantly swept against the bows of the _Hispaniola_. At the same time
+the schooner began to turn upon her heel, spinning slowly, end for end,
+across the current.
+
+I wrought like a fiend, for I expected every moment to be swamped; and
+since I found I could not push the coracle directly off, I now shoved
+straight astern. At length I was clear of my dangerous neighbor; and
+just as I gave the last impulsion, my hands came across a light cord
+that was trailing overboard across the stern bulwarks. Instantly I
+grasped it.
+
+Why I should have done so I can hardly say. It was at first mere
+instinct; but once I had it in my hands and found it fast, curiosity
+began to get the upper hand, and I determined I should have one look
+through the cabin window.
+
+I pulled in hand over hand on the cord, and, when I judged myself near
+enough, rose at infinite risk to about half my height, and thus
+commanded the roof and a slice of the interior of the cabin.
+
+By this time the schooner and her little consort were gliding pretty
+swiftly through the water; indeed, we had already fetched up level with
+the campfire. The ship was talking, as sailors say, loudly, treading the
+innumerable ripples with an incessant weltering splash; and until I got
+my eye above the window-sill I could not comprehend why the watchmen had
+taken no alarm. One glance, however, was sufficient; and it was only one
+glance that I durst take from that unsteady skiff. It showed me Hands
+and his companion locked together in deadly wrestle, each with a hand
+upon the other's throat.
+
+I dropped upon the thwart again, none too soon, for I was near
+overboard. I could see nothing for the moment, but these two furious,
+encrimsoned faces, swaying together under the smoky lamp; and I shut my
+eyes to let them grow once more familiar with the darkness.
+
+The endless ballad had come to an end at last, and the whole diminished
+company about the campfire had broken into the chorus I had heard so
+often:
+
+   "Fifteen men on the dead man's chest--
+      Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum!
+    Drink and the devil had done for the rest--
+      Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum!"
+
+I was just thinking how busy drink and the devil were at that very
+moment in the cabin of the _Hispaniola_, when I was surprised by a
+sudden lurch of the coracle. At the same moment she yawed sharply and
+seemed to change her course. The speed in the meantime had strangely
+increased.
+
+I opened my eyes at once. All round me were little ripples, combing over
+with a sharp, bristling sound, and slightly phosphorescent. The
+_Hispaniola_ herself, a few yards in whose wake I was still being
+whirled along, seemed to stagger in her course, and I saw her spars toss
+a little against the blackness of the night; nay, as I looked longer, I
+made sure she also was wheeling to the southward.
+
+I glanced over my shoulder, and my heart jumped against my ribs. There,
+right behind me, was the glow of the campfire. The current had turned at
+right angles, sweeping round along with it the tall schooner and the
+little dancing coracle; ever quickening, ever bubbling higher, ever
+muttering louder, it went spinning through the narrows for the open sea.
+
+Suddenly the schooner in front of me gave a violent yaw, turning,
+perhaps, through twenty degrees; and almost at the same moment one shout
+followed another from on board; I could hear feet pounding on the
+companion ladder; and I knew that the two drunkards had at last been
+interrupted in their quarrel and awakened to a sense of their disaster.
+
+I lay down flat in the bottom of that wretched skiff, and devoutly
+recommended my spirit to its Maker. At the end of the straits, I made
+sure we must fall into some bar of raging breakers, where all my
+troubles would be ended speedily; and though I could, perhaps, bear to
+die, I could not bear to look upon my fate as it approached.
+
+So I must have lain for hours, continually beaten to and fro upon the
+billows, now and again wetted with flying sprays, and never ceasing to
+expect death at the next plunge. Gradually weariness grew upon me; a
+numbness, an occasional stupor, fell upon my mind even in the midst of
+my terrors; until sleep at last supervened, and in my sea-tossed coracle
+I lay and dreamed of home and the old tavern "Benbow."
+
+It was broad day when I awoke, and found myself tossing at the southwest
+end of Treasure Island. The sun was up, but was still hid from me behind
+the great bulk of the Spyglass, which on this side descended almost to
+the sea in formidable cliffs.
+
+Haulbowline Head and Mizzenmast Hill were at my elbow; the hill bare and
+dark, the head bound with cliffs forty or fifty feet high, and fringed
+with great masses of fallen rock. I was scarce a quarter of a mile to
+seaward, and it was my first thought to paddle in and land.
+
+That notion was soon given over. Among the fallen rocks the breakers
+spouted and bellowed; loud reverberations, heavy sprays flying and
+falling, succeeded one another from second to second; and I saw myself,
+if I ventured nearer, dashed to death upon the rough shore, or spending
+my strength in vain to scale the beetling crags.
+
+Nor was that all; for crawling together on flat tables of rock, or
+letting themselves drop into the sea with loud reports, I beheld huge
+slimy monsters--soft snails, as it were, of incredible bigness--two or
+three score of them together, making the rocks to echo with their
+barkings.
+
+I have understood since that they were sea lions, and entirely harmless.
+But the look of them added to the difficulty of the shore and the high
+running of the surf, was more than enough to disgust me of that landing
+place. I felt willing rather to starve at sea than to confront such
+perils.
+
+In the meantime I had a better chance, as I supposed, before me. North
+of Haulbowline Head the land runs in a long way, leaving, at low tide, a
+long stretch of yellow sand. To the north of that, again, there comes
+another cape--Cape of the Woods, as it was marked upon the chart--buried
+in tall green pines, which descended to the margin of the sea.
+
+I remembered that the current sets northward along the whole west coast
+of Treasure Island; and seeing from my position that I was already under
+its influence, I preferred to leave Haulbowline Head behind me, and
+reserve my strength for an attempt to land upon the kindlier-looking
+Cape of the Woods.
+
+There was a great, smooth swell upon the sea. The wind blowing steady
+and gentle from the south, there was no contrariety between that and the
+current, and the billows rose and fell unbroken.
+
+Had it been otherwise, I must long ago have perished; but as it was, it
+is surprising how easily and securely my little and light boat could
+ride. Often, as I still lay at the bottom, and kept no more than an eye
+above the gunwale, I would see a big blue summit heaving close above me;
+yet the coracle would but bounce a little, dance as if on springs, and
+subside on the other side into the trough as lightly as a bird.
+
+I began after a little to grow very bold, and sat up to try my skill at
+paddling. But even a small change in the disposition of the weight will
+produce violent changes in the behavior of a coracle. And I had hardly
+moved before the boat, giving up at once her gentle dancing movement,
+ran straight down a slope of water so steep that it made me giddy, and
+stuck her nose, with a spout of spray, deep into the side of the next
+wave.
+
+I was drenched and terrified, and fell instantly back into my old
+position, whereupon the coracle seemed to find her head again, and led
+me as softly as before among the billows. It was plain she was not to be
+interfered with, and at that rate, since I could in no way influence her
+course, what hope had I left of reaching land?
+
+I began to be horribly frightened, but I kept my head, for all that.
+
+First, moving with all care, I gradually bailed out the coracle with my
+sea-cap; then getting my eye once more above the gunwale, I set myself
+to study how it was she managed to slip so quietly through the rollers.
+
+I found each wave, instead of the big, smooth, glossy mountain it looked
+from shore, or from a vessel's deck, was for all the world like any
+range of hills on the dry land, full of peaks and smooth places and
+valleys. The coracle, left to herself, turning from side to side,
+threaded, so to speak, her way through these lower parts, and avoided
+the steep slopes and higher, toppling summits of the waves.
+
+"Well, now," thought I to myself, "it is plain I must lie where I am,
+and not disturb the balance; but it is plain, also, that I can put the
+paddle over the side, and from time to time, in smooth places, give her
+a shove or two toward land." No sooner thought upon than done. There I
+lay on my elbows, in the most trying attitude, and every now and again
+gave a weak stroke or two to turn her head to shore. It was very tiring,
+and slow work, yet I did visibly gain ground; and, as we drew near the
+Cape of the Woods, though I saw I must infallibly miss that point, I had
+still made some hundred yards of easting. I was, indeed, close in. I
+could see the cool, green tree tops swaying together in the breeze, and
+I felt sure I should make the next promontory without fail.
+
+It was high time, for now I began to be tortured with thirst. The glow
+of the sun from above, its thousandfold reflection from the waves, the
+sea-water that fell and dried upon me, caking my very lips with salt,
+combined to make my throat burn and my brain ache. The sight of the
+trees so near at hand had almost made me sick with longing; but the
+current had soon carried me past the point; and, as the next reach of
+sea opened out, I beheld a sight that changed the nature of my thoughts.
+
+Right in front of me, not half a mile away, I beheld the _Hispaniola_
+under sail. I made sure, of course, that I should be taken; but I was so
+distressed for want of water, that I scarce knew whether to be glad or
+sorry at the thought; and, long before I had come to a conclusion,
+surprise had taken entire possession of my mind, and I could do nothing
+but stare and wonder.
+
+The _Hispaniola_ was under her mainsail and two jibs, and the beautiful
+white canvas shone in the sun like snow or silver. When I first sighted
+her, all her sails were drawing; she was lying a course about northwest;
+and I presumed the men on board were going round the island on their way
+back to the anchorage. Presently she began to fetch more and more to the
+westward, so that I thought they had sighted me and were going about in
+chase. At last, however, she fell right into the wind's eye, was taken
+dead aback, and stood there awhile helpless, with her sails shivering.
+
+"Clumsy fellows," said I; "they must still be drunk as owls." And I
+thought how Captain Smollett would have set them skipping.
+
+Meanwhile, the schooner gradually fell off, and filled again upon
+another tack, sailed swiftly for a minute or so, and brought up once
+more dead in the wind's eye. Again and again was this repeated. To and
+fro, up and down, north, south, east, and west the _Hispaniola_ sailed
+by swoops and dashes, and at each repetition ended as she had begun,
+with idly-flapping canvas. It became plain to me that nobody was
+steering. And, if so, where were the men? Either they were dead drunk,
+or had deserted her, I thought, and perhaps if I could get on board, I
+might return the vessel to her captain.
+
+The current was bearing coracle and schooner southward at an equal rate.
+As for the latter's sailing, it was so wild and intermittent, and she
+hung each time so long in irons, that she certainly gained nothing, if
+she did not even lose. If only I dared to sit up and paddle, I made sure
+that I could overhaul her. The scheme had an air of adventure that
+inspired me, and the thought of the water-breaker beside the fore
+companion doubled my growing courage.
+
+Up I got, was welcomed almost instantly by another cloud of spray, but
+this time stuck to my purpose; and set myself, with all my strength and
+caution, to paddle after the unsteered _Hispaniola_. Once I shipped a
+sea so heavy that I had to stop and bail, with my heart fluttering like
+a bird; but gradually I got into the way of the thing, and guided my
+coracle among the waves, with only now and then a blow upon her bows and
+a dash of foam in my face.
+
+I was now gaining rapidly on the schooner. I could see the brass glisten
+on the tiller as it banged about; and still no soul appeared upon her
+decks. I could not choose but suppose she was deserted. If not, the men
+were lying drunk below, where I might batten them down, perhaps, and do
+what I chose with the ship.
+
+For some time she had been doing the worst thing possible for
+me--standing still. She headed nearly due south, yawing, of course, all
+the time. Each time she fell off her sails partly filled, and these
+brought her in a moment right to the wind again. I have said this was
+the worst thing possible for me; for helpless as she looked in this
+situation, with the canvas cracking like cannon and the blocks trundling
+and banging on the deck, she still continued to run away from me, not
+only with the speed of the current, but by the whole amount of her
+leeway, which was naturally great.
+
+But now at last I had my chance. The breeze fell for some seconds very
+low, and the current gradually turning her, the _Hispaniola_ revolved
+slowly round her center, and at last presented me her stern, with the
+cabin window still gaping open, and the lamp over the table still
+burning on into the day.
+
+The mainsail hung drooped like a banner. She was stock-still, but for
+the current.
+
+For the last little while I had even lost; but now, redoubling my
+efforts, I began once more to overhaul the chase.
+
+I was not a hundred yards from her when the wind came again in a clap;
+she filled on the port tack and was off again, stooping and skimming
+like a swallow.
+
+My first impulse was one of despair, but my second was toward joy. Round
+she came till she was broadside on to me--round still till she had
+covered a half, and then two thirds, and then three quarters of the
+distance that separated us. I could see the waves boiling white under
+her forefoot. Immensely tall she looked to me from my low station in the
+coracle.
+
+And then, of a sudden, I began to comprehend. I had scarce time to
+think--scarce time to act and save myself. I was on the summit of one
+swell when the schooner came stooping over the next. The bowsprit was
+over my head. I sprang to my feet and leaped, stamping the coracle under
+water. With one hand I caught the jib-boom, while my foot was lodged
+between the stay and the brace; and as I still clung there panting a
+dull blow told me that the schooner had charged down upon and struck the
+coracle, and that I was left without retreat on the _Hispaniola_.
+
+I had scarce gained a position on the bowsprit, when the flying jib
+flapped and filled upon the other tack, with a report like a gun. The
+schooner trembled to her keel under the reverse; but next moment, the
+other sails still drawing, the jib flapped back again and hung idle.
+
+This had nearly tossed me off into the sea; and now I lost no time,
+crawled back along the bowsprit, and tumbled head foremost on the deck.
+
+I was on the lee side of the forecastle, and the mainsail, which was
+still drawing, concealed from me a certain portion of the after-deck.
+Not a soul was to be seen. The planks, which had not been swabbed since
+the mutiny, bore the print of many feet; and an empty bottle, broken by
+the neck, tumbled to and fro like a live thing in the scuppers.
+
+Suddenly the _Hispaniola_ came right into the wind. The jibs behind me
+cracked aloud; the rudder slammed to; the whole ship gave a sickening
+heave and shudder, and at the same moment the main-boom swung inboard,
+the sheet groaning in the blocks, and showed me the lee after-deck.
+
+There were the two watchmen, sure enough: red-cap on his back, as stiff
+as a handspike, with his arms stretched out like those of a crucifix,
+and his teeth showing through his open lips; Israel Hands propped
+against the bulwarks, his chin on his chest, his hands lying open before
+him on the deck, his face as white, under its tan, as a tallow candle.
+
+For awhile the ship kept bucking and sidling like a vicious horse, the
+sails filling, now on one tack, now on another, and the boom swinging to
+and fro till the mast groaned aloud under the strain. Now and again,
+too, there would come a cloud of light sprays over the bulwark, and a
+heavy blow of the ship's bows against the swell: so much heavier weather
+was made of it by this great rigged ship than by my home-made, lopsided
+coracle, now gone to the bottom of the sea.
+
+At every jump of the schooner red-cap slipped to and fro; but--what was
+ghastly to behold--neither his attitude nor his fixed teeth-disclosing
+grin was anyway disturbed by this rough usage. At every jump, too, Hands
+appeared still more to sink into himself and settle down upon the deck,
+his feet sliding ever the farther out, and the whole body canting toward
+the stern, so that his face became, little by little, hid from me; and
+at last I could see nothing beyond his ear and the frayed ringlet of one
+whisker.
+
+At the same time, I observed, around both of them, splashes of dark
+blood upon the planks, and began to feel sure that they had killed each
+other in their drunken wrath.
+
+While I was thus looking and wondering, in a calm moment, when the ship
+was still, Israel Hands turned partly round, and, with a low moan,
+writhed himself back to the position in which I had seen him first. The
+moan, which told of pain and deadly weakness, and the way in which his
+jaw hung open, went right to my heart. But when I remembered the talk I
+had overheard from the apple barrel, all pity left me.
+
+I walked aft until I reached the mainmast.
+
+"Come aboard, Mr. Hands," I said ironically.
+
+He rolled his eyes round heavily; but he was too far gone to express
+surprise. All he could do was to utter one word: "Brandy."
+
+It occurred to me there was no time to lose; and, dodging the boom as it
+once more lurched across the deck, I slipped aft, and down the companion
+stairs into the cabin.
+
+It was such a scene of confusion as you can hardly fancy. All the
+lockfast places had been broken open in quest of the chart. The floor
+was thick with mud, where ruffians had sat down to drink or consult
+after wading in the marshes round their camp. The bulkheads, all painted
+in clear white, and beaded round with gilt, bore a pattern of dirty
+hands. Dozens of empty bottles clinked together in corners to the
+rolling of the ship. One of the doctor's medical books lay open on the
+table, half of the leaves gutted out, I suppose, for pipe-lights. In the
+midst of all this the lamp still cast a smoky glow, obscure and brown as
+umber.
+
+I went into the cellar; all the barrels were gone, and of the bottles a
+most surprising number had been drunk out and thrown away. Certainly,
+since the mutiny began, not a man of them could ever have been sober.
+Foraging about I found a bottle with some brandy left, for Hands; and
+for myself I routed out some biscuit, some pickled fruits, a great bunch
+of raisins, and a piece of cheese. With these I came on deck, put down
+my own stock behind the rudder head, and well out of the coxswain's
+reach, went forward to the waterbreaker, and had a good, deep drink of
+water, and then, and not till then, gave Hands the brandy.
+
+He must have drunk a gill before he took the bottle from his mouth.
+
+"Ay," said he, "by thunder, but I wanted some o' that!"
+
+I had sat down already in my own corner and begun to eat.
+
+"Much hurt?" I asked him.
+
+He grunted, or, rather, I might say, he barked.
+
+"If that doctor was aboard," he said, "I'd be right enough in a couple
+of turns; but I don't have no manner of luck, you see, and that's what's
+the matter with me. As for that swab, he's good and dead, he is," he
+added, indicating the man with the red cap. "He warn't no seaman,
+anyhow. And where mought you have come from?"
+
+"Well," said I, "I've come aboard to take possession of this ship, Mr.
+Hands; and you'll please regard me as your captain until further
+notice."
+
+He looked at me sourly enough, but said nothing. Some of the color had
+come back into his cheeks, though he still looked very sick, and still
+continued to slip out and settle down as the ship banged about.
+
+"By the bye," I continued, "I can't have these colors, Mr. Hands; and,
+by your leave, I'll strike 'em. Better none than these."
+
+And, again dodging the boom, I ran to the color lines, handed down their
+cursed black flag, and chucked it overboard.
+
+"God save the king!" said I, waving my cap.
+
+He watched me keenly and slyly, his chin all the while on his breast.
+
+"I reckon," he said at last--"I reckon, Cap'n Hawkins, you'll kind of
+want to get ashore, now. S'pose we talks."
+
+"Why, yes," says I, "with all my heart, Mr. Hands. Say on." And I went
+back to my meal with a good appetite.
+
+"This man," he began, nodding feebly at the corpse--"O'Brien were his
+name--a rank Irelander--this man and me got the canvas on her, meaning
+for to sail her back. Well, _he's_ dead now, he is--as dead as bilge;
+and who's to sail this ship, I don't see. Without I gives you a hint,
+you ain't that man, as far's I can tell. Now, look here, you gives me
+food and drink, and an old scarf or ankecher to tie my wound up, you do;
+and I'll tell you how to sail her; and that's about square all round, I
+take it.
+
+"I'll tell you one thing," says I: "I'm not going back to Captain Kidd's
+anchorage. I mean to get into North Inlet, and beach her quietly there."
+
+"To be sure you did," he cried. "Why, I ain't such an infernal lubber,
+after all. I can see, can't I? I've tried my fling, I have, and I've
+lost, and it's you has the wind of me. North Inlet? Why, I haven't no
+chi'ce, not I! I'd help you sail her up to Execution Dock, by thunder!
+so I would."
+
+Well, as it seemed to me, there was some sense in this. We struck our
+bargain on the spot. In three minutes I had the _Hispaniola_ sailing
+easily before the wind along the coast of Treasure Island, with good
+hopes of turning the northern point ere noon, and beating down again as
+far as North Inlet before high water, when we might beach her safely,
+and wait till the subsiding tide permitted us to land.
+
+Then I lashed the tiller and went below to my own chest, where I got a
+soft silk handkerchief of my mother's. With this, and with my aid, Hands
+bound up the great bleeding stab he had received in the thigh, and after
+he had eaten a little and had a swallow or two more of the brandy, he
+began to pick up visibly, sat straighter up, spoke louder and clearer,
+and looked in every way another man.
+
+The breeze served us admirably. We skimmed before it like a bird, the
+coast of the island flashing by, and the view changing every minute.
+Soon we were past the high lands and bowling beside low, sandy country,
+sparsely dotted with dwarf pines, and soon we were beyond that again,
+and had turned the corner of the rocky hill that ends the island on the
+north.
+
+I was greatly elated with my new command, and pleased with the bright,
+sunshiny weather and these different prospects of the coast. I had now
+plenty of water and good things to eat, and my conscience, which had
+smitten me hard for my desertion, was quieted by the great conquest I
+had made. I should, I think, have had nothing left me to desire but for
+the eyes of the coxswain as they followed me derisively about the deck,
+and the odd smile that appeared continually on his face. It was a smile
+that had in it something both of pain and weakness--a haggard, old man's
+smile; but there was besides that, a grain of derision, a shadow of
+treachery in his expression as he craftily watched, and watched, and
+watched me at my work.
+
+The wind, serving us to a desire, now hauled into the west. We could run
+so much the easier from the northeast corner of the island to the mouth
+of the North Inlet. Only, as we had no power to anchor, and dared not
+beach her till the tide had flowed a good deal farther, time hung on our
+hands.
+
+The coxswain told me how to lay the ship to; after a good many trials I
+succeeded, and we both sat in silence over another meal.
+
+"Cap'n," said he, at length, with that same uncomfortable smile, "here's
+my old shipmate, O'Brien; s'pose you was to heave him overboard. I ain't
+partic'lar as a rule, and I don't take no blame for settling his hash;
+but I don't reckon him ornamental, now, do you?"
+
+"I'm not strong enough, and I don't like the job; and there he lies, for
+me," said I.
+
+"This here's an unlucky ship--this _Hispaniola_, Jim," he went on,
+blinking. "There's a power of men been killed in this _Hispaniola_--a
+sight o' poor seamen dead and gone since you and me took ship to
+Bristol. I never seen sich dirty luck, not I. There was this here
+O'Brien, now--he's dead, ain't he? Well, now, I'm no scholar, and you're
+a lad as can read and figure; and, to put it straight, do you take it as
+a dead man is dead for good, or do he come alive again?"
+
+"You can kill the body, Mr. Hands, but not the spirit; you must know
+that already," I replied. "O'Brien there is in another world, and maybe
+watching us."
+
+"Ah!" says he. "Well, that's unfort'nate--appears as if killing parties
+was a waste of time. Howsomever, sperrits don't reckon for much, by what
+I've seen. I'll chance it with the sperrits, Jim. And now, you've spoke
+up free, and I'll take it kind if you'd step down into that there cabin
+and get me a--well, a--shiver my timbers! I can't hit the name on't;
+well, you get me a bottle of wine, Jim--this here brandy's too strong
+for my head."
+
+Now, the coxswain's hesitation seemed to be unnatural; and as for the
+notion of his preferring wine to brandy, I entirely disbelieved it. The
+whole story was a pretext. He wanted me to leave the deck--so much was
+plain; but with what purpose I could in no way imagine. His eyes never
+met mine; they kept wandering to and fro, up and down, now with a look
+to the sky, now with a flitting glance upon the dead O'Brien. All the
+time he kept smiling and putting his tongue out in the most guilty,
+embarrassed manner, so that a child could have told that he was bent on
+some deception. I was prompt with my answer, however, for I saw where my
+advantage lay; and that with a fellow so densely stupid I could easily
+conceal my suspicions to the end.
+
+"Some wine?" I said. "Far better. Will you have white or red?"
+
+"Well, I reckon it's about the blessed same to me, shipmate," he
+replied; "so it's strong and plenty of it, what's the odds?"
+
+"All right," I answered. "I'll bring you port, Mr. Hands. But I'll have
+to dig for it."
+
+With that I scuttled down the companion with all the noise I could,
+slipped off my shoes, ran quietly along the sparred gallery, mounted the
+forecastle ladder and popped my head out of the fore companion. I knew
+he would not expect to see me there; yet I took every precaution
+possible; and certainly the worst of my suspicions proved too true.
+
+He had risen from his position to his hands and knees; and though his
+leg obviously hurt him pretty sharply when he moved--for I could hear
+him stifle a groan--yet it was at a good, rattling rate that he trailed
+himself across the deck. In half a minute he had reached the port
+scuppers, and picked out a coil of rope, a long knife, or rather a
+short dirk, discolored to the hilt with blood. He looked upon it for a
+moment, thrusting forth his under jaw, tried the point upon his hand,
+and then, hastily concealing it in the bosom of his jacket, trundled
+back again into his old place against the bulwark.
+
+That was all that I required to know. Israel could move about; he was
+now armed; and if he had been at so much trouble to get rid of me, it
+was plain that I was meant to be the victim. What he would do
+afterward--whether he would try to crawl right across the island from
+North Inlet to the camp among the swamps, or whether he would fire Long
+Tom, trusting that his own comrades might come first to help him, was,
+of course, more than I could say.
+
+Yet I felt sure that I could trust him in one point, since in that our
+interests jumped together, and that was in the disposition of the
+schooner. We both desired to have her stranded safe enough, in a
+sheltered place, and so that, when the time came, she could be got off
+again with as little labor and danger as might be; and until that was
+done I considered that my life would certainly be spared.
+
+While I was thus turning the business over in my mind, I had not been
+idle with my body. I had stolen back to the cabin, slipped once more
+into my shoes, and laid my hand at random on a bottle of wine, and now,
+with this for an excuse, I made my reappearance on the deck.
+
+Hands lay as I had left him, all fallen together in a bundle, and with
+his eyelids lowered, as though he were too weak to bear the light. He
+looked up, however, at my coming, knocked the neck off the bottle, like
+a man who had done the same thing often, and took a good swig, with his
+favorite toast of "Here's luck!" Then he lay quiet for a little, and
+then, pulling out a stick of tobacco, begged me to cut him a quid.
+
+"Cut me a junk o' that," says he, "for I haven't no knife, and hardly
+strength enough, so be as I had. Ah, Jim, Jim, I reckon I've missed
+stays! Cut me a quid, as'll likely be the last, lad; for I'm for my long
+home, and no mistake."
+
+"Well," said I, "I'll cut you some tobacco; but if I was you and thought
+myself so badly, I would go to my prayers, like a Christian man."
+
+"Why?" said he. "Now, you tell me why."
+
+"Why?" I cried. "You were asking me just now about the dead. You've
+broken your trust; you've lived in sin and lies and blood; there's a man
+you killed lying at your feet this moment; and you ask me why! For God's
+mercy, Mr. Hands, that's why."
+
+I spoke with a little heat, thinking of the bloody dirk he had hidden in
+his pocket, and designed, in his ill thoughts, to end me with. He, for
+his part, took a great draught of the wine, and spoke with the most
+unusual solemnity.
+
+"For thirty years," he said, "I've sailed the seas, and seen good and
+bad, better and worse, fair weather and foul, provisions running out,
+knives going, and what not. Well, now I tell you, I never seen good come
+o' goodness yet. Him as strikes first is my fancy; dead men don't bite;
+them's my views--amen, so be it. And now, you look here," he added,
+suddenly changing his tone, "we've had about enough of this foolery. The
+tide's made good enough by now. You just take my orders, Cap'n Hawkins,
+and we'll sail slap in and be done with it."
+
+All told, we had scarce two miles to run; but the navigation was
+delicate, the entrance to this northern anchorage was not only narrow
+and shoal, but lay east and west, so that the schooner must be nicely
+handled to be got in. I think I was a good, prompt subaltern, and I am
+very sure that Hands was an excellent pilot; for we went about and
+about, and dodged in, shaving the banks, with a certainty and a neatness
+that was a pleasure to behold.
+
+Scarcely had we passed the heads before the land closed around us. The
+shores of North Inlet were as thickly wooded as those of the southern
+anchorage; but the space was longer and narrower, and more like, what in
+truth it was, the estuary of a river.
+
+Right before us, at the southern end, we saw the wreck of a ship in the
+last stages of dilapidation. It had been a great vessel of three masts,
+but had lain so long exposed to the injuries of the weather that it was
+hung about with great webs of dripping seaweed, and on the deck of it
+shore bushes had taken root, and now flourished thick with flowers. It
+was a sad sight, but it showed us that the anchorage was calm.
+
+"Now," said Hands, "look there; there's a pet bit for to beach a ship
+in. Fine flat sand, never a catspaw, trees all around of it, and flowers
+a-blowing like a garding on that old ship."
+
+"And once beached," I inquired, "how shall we get her off again?"
+
+"Why, so," he replied: "you take a line ashore there on the other side
+at low water; take a turn about one o' them big pines; bring it back,
+take a turn round the capstan, and lie-to for the tide. Come high water,
+all hands take a pull upon the line, and off she comes as sweet as
+natur'. And now, boy, you stand by. We're near the bit now, and she's
+too much way on her. Starboard a little--so--steady--starboard--larboard
+a little--steady--steady!"
+
+So he issued his commands, which I breathlessly obeyed; till, all of a
+sudden, he cried: "Now, my hearty, luff!" And I put the helm hard up,
+and the _Hispaniola_ swung round rapidly, and ran stem on for the low
+wooded shore.
+
+The excitement of these last maneuvers had somewhat interfered with the
+watch I had kept hitherto, sharply enough, upon the coxswain. Even then
+I was still so much interested, waiting for the ship to touch, that I
+had quite forgot the peril that hung over my head, and stood craning
+over the starboard bulwarks and watching the ripples spreading wide
+before the bows. I might have fallen without a struggle for my life, had
+not a sudden disquietude seized upon me, and made me turn my head.
+Perhaps I had heard a creak, or seen his shadow moving with the tail of
+my eye; perhaps it was an instinct like a cat's; but, sure enough, when
+I looked round, there was Hands, already halfway toward me, with the
+dirk in his right hand.
+
+We must both have cried out aloud when our eyes met; but while mine was
+the shrill cry of terror, his was a roar of fury like a charging
+bull's. At the same instant he threw himself forward, and I leaped
+sideways toward the bows. As I did so I let go of the tiller, which
+sprang sharp to leeward; and I think this saved my life, for it struck
+Hands across the chest and stopped him, for the moment, dead.
+
+Before he could recover, I was safe out of the corner where he had me
+trapped, with all the deck to dodge about. Just forward of the mainmast
+I stopped, drew a pistol from my pocket, took a cool aim, though he had
+already turned and was once more coming directly after me, and drew the
+trigger. The hammer fell, but there followed neither flash nor sound;
+the priming was useless with sea-water. I cursed myself for my neglect.
+Why had not I, long before, reprimed and reloaded my only weapons? Then
+I should not have been as now, a mere fleeing sheep before this butcher.
+
+Wounded as he was, it was wonderful how fast he could move, his grizzled
+hair tumbling over his face, and his face itself as red as a red ensign
+with his haste and fury. I had no time to try my other pistol, nor,
+indeed, much inclination, for I was sure it would be useless. One thing
+I saw plainly: I must not simply retreat before him, or he would
+speedily hold me boxed into the bows, as a moment since he had so nearly
+boxed me in the stern. Once so caught, and nine or ten inches of the
+bloodstained dirk would be my last experience on this side of eternity.
+I placed my palms against the mainmast, which was of a goodish bigness,
+and waited, every nerve upon the stretch.
+
+Seeing that I meant to dodge, he also paused; and a moment or two passed
+in feints on his part, and corresponding movements upon mine. It was
+such a game as I had often played at home about the rocks of Black Hill
+Cove; but never before, you may be sure, with such a wildly beating
+heart as now. Still, as I say, it was a boy's game, and I thought I
+could hold my own at it, against an elderly seaman with a wounded thigh.
+Indeed, my courage had begun to rise so high that I allowed myself a few
+darting thoughts on what would be the end of the affair; and while I saw
+certainly that I could spin it out for long, I saw no hope of any
+ultimate escape.
+
+Well, while things stood thus, suddenly the _Hispaniola_ struck,
+staggered, ground for an instant in the sand, and then, swift as a blow,
+canted over to the port side, till the deck stood at an angle of
+forty-five degrees, and about a puncheon of water splashed into the
+scupperholes, and lay in a pool between the deck and bulwark.
+
+We were both of us capsized in a second, and both of us rolled, almost
+together, into the scuppers; the dead red-cap, with his arms still
+spread out, tumbled stiffly after us. So near were we, indeed, that my
+head came against the coxswain's foot with a crack that made my teeth
+rattle. Blow and all, I was the first afoot again; for Hands had got
+involved with the dead body. The sudden canting of the ship had made the
+deck no place for running on; I had to find some new way of escape, and
+that upon the instant, for my foe was almost touching me. Quick as
+thought I sprang into the mizzen shrouds, rattled up hand over hand, and
+did not draw a breath till I was seated on the crosstrees.
+
+I had been saved by being prompt; the dirk had struck not half a foot
+below me, as I pursued my upward flight; and there stood Israel Hands
+with his mouth open and his face upturned to mine, a perfect statue of
+surprise and disappointment.
+
+Now that I had a moment to myself, I lost no time in changing the
+priming of my pistol, and then, having one ready for service, and to
+make assurance doubly sure, I proceeded to draw the load of the other,
+and recharge it afresh from the beginning.
+
+My new employment struck Hands all of a heap; he began to see the dice
+going against him; and after an obvious hesitation, he also hauled
+himself heavily into the shrouds, and, with the dirk in his teeth, began
+slowly and painfully to mount. It cost him no end of time and groans to
+haul his wounded leg behind him; and I had quietly finished my
+arrangements before he was much more than a third of the way up. Then,
+with a pistol in either hand, I addressed him.
+
+"One more step, Mr. Hands," said I, "and I'll blow your brains out! Dead
+men don't bite, you know," I added, with a chuckle.
+
+He stopped instantly. I could see by the working of his face that he was
+trying to think, and the process was so slow and laborious that, in my
+new-found security, I laughed aloud. Then with a swallow or two, he
+spoke, his face still wearing the same expression of extreme perplexity.
+In order to speak he had to take the dagger from his mouth, but, in all
+else, he remained unmoved.
+
+"Jim," says he, "I reckon we're fouled, you and me, and we'll have to
+sign articles. I'd have had you but for that there lurch: but I don't
+have no luck, not I; and I reckon I'll have to strike, which comes hard,
+you see, for a master mariner to a ship's younker like you, Jim."
+
+I was drinking in his words and smiling away, as conceited as a cock
+upon a wall, when, all in a breath back went his right hand over his
+shoulder. Something sang like an arrow through the air; I felt a blow
+and then a sharp pang, and there I was pinned by the shoulder to the
+mast. In the horrid pain and surprise of the moment--I scarce can say it
+was by my own volition, and I am sure it was without a conscious
+aim--both my pistols went off, and both escaped out of my hands. They
+did not fall alone; with a choked cry, the coxswain loosed his grasp
+upon the shrouds, and plunged head first into the water.
+
+
+     Stevenson was not one of the men who can write only one sort of
+     thing. The numerous little poems contained in the first volume of
+     this series show his sympathetic knowledge of children, while his
+     essays prove that he could handle serious subjects in a most
+     masterly manner. The extract from _Treasure Island_ which you have
+     just been reading displays his skill in still another field--the
+     writing of stories of pure adventure.
+
+     One of the striking things in all Stevenson's writings is his power
+     of vivid description, his ability to make us see things. Nor does
+     he make us wait while he gives us page-long descriptions; he
+     suggests pictures to us with a few words. It may be safely said of
+     descriptions, when they are part of a story, that those which are
+     given in the fewest words, if those few words are the right ones,
+     are most effective. Stevenson fully grasped this fact, and that is
+     the reason he is able to bring all his scenes before us so vividly,
+     without wearying our patience.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[352-1] From _Treasure Island_.
+
+
+
+
+JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER[381-1]
+
+_By_ GRACE E. SELLON
+
+
+Near the town of Haverhill, Massachusetts, in the old homestead of his
+father's family, the poet John Greenleaf Whittier was born December 17,
+1807. Like all the other children who generation after generation had
+come to live in this Quaker dwelling, he was brought up in simple,
+useful ways, and was early given his full share of the duties about the
+farm. No matter how sharply the cold of the harsh New England winter
+pierced his homespun clothes, the snow must be shoveled from the paths,
+firewood must be brought, the stalls in the barn must be littered, and,
+worst task of all for him, seven cows must be milked. Yet there was
+plenty of fun to be had, too. When the snow fell so heavily that it
+blocked all the roads and closed in tightly about the house, the two
+Whittier boys found it exciting work to dig their way to the outside
+world.
+
+When the early twilight fell and passed into night, the boys with their
+sisters joined the group gathered about the great hearth, and there
+listened to stories of Indians, witches and Christian martyrs, and to
+many another weird or adventurous tale told by the older members of the
+family. While they were being thus entertained, the blaze of the red
+logs went roaring up the chimney,
+
+    "The house-dog on his paws outspread
+    Laid to the fire his drowsy head,
+    The cat's dark silhouette on the wall
+    A couchant tiger's seemed to fall;
+    And, for the winter fireside meet,
+    Between the andirons' straddling feet,
+    The mug of cider simmered slow,
+    The apples sputtered in a row,
+    And, close at hand, the basket stood
+    With nuts from brown October's wood."
+
+All too soon this pleasant time came to an end, and the boys must go to
+their bare, unheated room upstairs. There, the poet has written,
+
+    "Within our beds awhile we heard
+    The wind that round the gables roared,
+    With now and then a ruder shock,
+    Which made our very bedsteads rock.
+    We heard the loosened clapboards tost,
+    The board-nails snapping in the frost;
+    And on us, through the unplastered wall,
+    Felt the lightsifted snowflakes fall;
+    But sleep stole on, as sleep will do
+    When hearts are light and life is new;
+    Faint and more faint the murmurs grew,
+    Till in the summer-land of dreams
+    They softened to the sound of streams.
+    Low stir of leaves, and dip of oars,
+    And lapsing waves on quiet shores."
+
+In the warm season, though there was much to do in helping plant and
+harvest the crops, there were good times to be had in climbing to the
+top of Job's hill, next to the house, where the friendly oxen were
+pastured, or in gathering berries or nuts, or in watching the birds,
+bees and squirrels as they worked or played about their homes. It was
+these delights of his childhood that the poet was calling to
+remembrance when he wrote _The Barefoot Boy_, which may be found
+elsewhere in these volumes.
+
+[Illustration: WHITTIER'S BIRTHPLACE]
+
+Probably there are few country lads to-day who know so little as did the
+Whittier boys of the common sights and pleasures of city life. The
+strict Quaker belief regarding children's amusement barred them from
+most of the enjoyment familiar to the young people in the great world
+that lay beyond their home. So little were they acquainted with the
+forbidden attractions at the circus that one time when President Monroe
+visited Haverhill, Greenleaf (as the poet was known in his home),
+looking next day for traces of the presence of the great man, whom he
+had not been allowed to see, came upon the tracks of an elephant that
+had been in town with a traveling menagerie, and in his ignorance
+believed that these were the footsteps of the famous visitor. The
+theater, so the children were taught, was to be shunned as a place of
+wickedness. Once when Greenleaf was visiting in Boston he was asked to
+go to a play by a lady whom he met in the home where he was staying.
+When he found that the lady was an actress, he became so much afraid of
+being led into sinful ways that, not daring to remain longer, he started
+off at once for home.
+
+Though young Whittier was a wide-awake boy and eager to learn, there was
+only the district school, held for a few weeks each winter, for him to
+attend. Yet an opportunity was not lacking for bringing to light his
+poetic gift. One of his schoolmasters, who lived for part of the term in
+the Whittier home, used to read to the family from various interesting
+books, and one night chose for their entertainment a volume of Burns's
+poems. As the lines of the much-loved Scotch poet fell from the reader's
+lips, the young boy listened as he had never before listened in his
+life. His own power awakened and responded warmly to that of the older
+poet. From that hour, whether he was at home or at school, he found
+great pleasure in writing verses, which he often showed to his young
+friends. Thus it was that his older sister Mary was able, all unknown to
+him, to send off one of his poems to the Newburyport _Free Press_. When
+the paper containing the verses came, the young poet read the lines over
+and over again, almost too dazed to recognize them as his own. This
+contribution was followed by another made to the same paper. By this
+time the editor's interest had been so much aroused that, learning from
+the postman of the author's whereabouts, he traveled to Haverhill to
+visit him. This editor was no other than William Lloyd Garrison, who
+later became famous as a leader of the cause of abolition. He urged
+strongly that the boy's education be continued. Perhaps his words would
+have counted for nothing, however, had it not been that somewhat later
+the editor of the Haverhill _Gazette_, in which some of young Whittier's
+verses had been published, entreated the boy's parents to send him to
+the new Haverhill Academy. His father's consent having been gained,
+Greenleaf learned from a man who worked on the farm how to make
+slippers, and thus he became able to pay his own expenses during a term
+at the Academy. By teaching school in the winter, and by helping to keep
+the books of a Haverhill merchant, he was able to provide for a second
+term. Thus was completed his regular schooling.
+
+In the meanwhile his friend Garrison had kept an eye on him, and at the
+close of 1825 secured for him the editorship of _The American
+Manufacturer_, a weekly magazine published in Boston. Young Whittier
+entered with great interest into the work, contributing articles on
+politics and temperance as well as numerous poems. Though he received
+only nine dollars a week, he was able, when called back to Haverhill in
+1829, by his father's illness, to give about one half of what he had
+earned to help remove the mortgage on the farm.
+
+He remained at home until his father's death in 1830, editing for a time
+the Haverhill _Gazette_ and sending to the _New England Review_, of
+Hartford, Connecticut, various poems and articles. So much favor did
+these find with the editor, George D. Prentice, that he invited the
+young writer to fill his position during a temporary absence. The offer
+was highly complimentary, for the _Review_ was the principal political
+journal in Connecticut supporting Henry Clay. However, Whittier was well
+prepared for the work, for he had become acquainted with the leaders and
+with the chief interests of the Whig party while editing the
+_Manufacturer_, and was himself an enthusiastic follower of Clay. His
+common sense and shrewd but kindly reading of human nature, united with
+a high sense of honor and justice, enabled him to fill this responsible
+position with marked success until his failing health forced him to give
+it up in January, 1832.
+
+There was much reason for Whittier to look for success in political
+life, for his editorial work had made him widely known as a man of sane
+and practical views, and he was so highly regarded in the district where
+he lived that had he reached the required age of twenty-five, he would
+in all probability have been made a candidate for Congress in 1832. Thus
+it was that although he had published more than a hundred favorably
+received poems between 1828 and 1832, he wrote in the latter year: "My
+prospects are too good to be sacrificed for any uncertainty. I have done
+with poetry and literature."
+
+A far nobler mission, however, and greater usefulness than he could have
+planned for himself lay before Whittier. It was not political success
+that was to draw forth the greatness of his nature. The strong and
+fearless interest with which his friend Garrison had begun to champion
+the abolition of slavery in the United States appealed to him, he felt
+with all his heart that the cause was right, and, closing his eyes to
+the bright promise of political success, he chose to unite himself with
+the scorned and mistreated upholders of freedom. After thorough
+consideration and study, he wrote and published in 1833 the pamphlet
+_Justice and Expediency_, in which he set forth fully the arguments
+against slavery. This was the first of his strong and stirring protests
+against oppression. From that time until the close of the Civil War his
+fervent, fearless love of liberty voiced itself through ringing verses,
+in constant appeals to the conscience of the nation. The greatness of
+this influence, as it worked silently in men's hearts, who can estimate?
+
+[Illustration: JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER
+1807-1892]
+
+Whittier's part in the anti-slavery struggle was not always a quiet one.
+On one occasion, when in company with a famous but unpopular English
+reformer he was to address an audience on the subject of abolition, he
+was attacked by a mob while passing quietly along the street with a
+friend, and narrowly escaped being tarred and feathered. Somewhat later
+he was set upon in another town by a crowd armed with sticks and stones
+and other missiles, from which he fled with more haste than dignity. It
+was while he was editor of the _Freeman_ that Pennsylvania Hall, where
+the Philadelphia Abolitionists held their meetings, was burned by a mob,
+and the papers from Whittier's editorial room in this building were used
+to help start the blaze.
+
+In 1836 the farm at Haverhill had been sold, and a cottage was bought in
+Amesbury near the Quaker meetinghouse. It was in this quiet place, under
+the loving care of his mother and sister, that Whittier made his home
+after resigning his position with the _Freeman_. These two women were in
+their way as unselfishly devoted to the cause of freedom as was the poet
+himself, for they encouraged his loyalty and bore privation
+uncomplainingly. In the darkest hour of their need, when it seemed as if
+their home must be mortgaged, Whittier was invited to become a
+contributor to the _Atlantic Monthly_, then being founded, and thus the
+long period of want was brought to an end.
+
+After the death of his mother, in the following year (1858), Whittier's
+association with his sister Elizabeth became even closer than before,
+though they had always shared each other's hopes and interests with
+unusual sympathy and understanding. When she died, in 1864, it seemed to
+him that part of his life had gone with her. It was with this grief
+still fresh in his mind that he wrote the best known of his poems,
+_Snow-Bound, A Winter Idyl_, in which he pictures in the most simple and
+lifelike manner the quiet loveliness of his childhood home. With
+especial tenderness he tells of the much-loved sister, and lets his
+mingled grief and hope of reunion be seen:
+
+    "As one who held herself a part
+    Of all she saw, and let her heart
+      Against the household bosom lean,
+    Upon the motley-braided mat
+    Our youngest and our dearest sat,
+    Lifting her large, sweet, asking eyes,
+    Now bathed within the fadeless green
+    And holy peace of Paradise.
+    Oh, looking from some heavenly hill,
+      Or from the shade of saintly palms,
+      Or silver reach of river calms,
+    Do those large eyes behold me still?
+    With me one little year ago:--
+    The chill weight of the winter snow
+      For months upon her grave has lain;
+    And now, when summer south-winds blow,
+      And brier and harebell bloom again,
+    I tread the pleasant paths we trod,
+    I see the violet-sprinkled sod,
+    Whereon she leaned, too frail and weak,
+    The hillside flowers she loved to seek,
+    Yet following me where'er I went
+    With dark eyes full of love's content.
+    The birds are glad; the brier-rose fills
+    The air with sweetness; all the hills
+    Stretch green to June's unclouded sky;
+    But still I wait with ear and eye
+    For something gone which should be nigh,
+    A loss in all familiar things,
+    In flower that blooms, and bird that sings.
+    And yet, dear heart! remembering thee,
+      Am I not richer than of old?
+    Safe in thy immortality,
+      What change can reach the wealth I hold?
+      What chance can mar the pearl and gold
+    Thy love hath left in trust with me?
+    And while in life's late afternoon
+      Where cool and long the shadows grow,
+    I walk to meet the night that soon
+      Shall shape and shadow overflow,
+    I cannot feel that thou art far,
+    Since near at need the angels are;
+    And when the sunset gates unbar,
+      Shall I not see thee waiting stand,
+    And, white against the evening star,
+      The welcome of thy beckoning hand?"
+
+After the death of Elizabeth Whittier, the Amesbury home was cared for
+by the poet's niece. During the remaining years of his life Whittier
+passed his time here or in the country. He lived in comparative comfort,
+for the publication of _Snow-Bound_ in 1866 had brought very good
+returns. These were years of great peace, in which he remained actively
+interested in the affairs of the nation, yet liked most to dwell upon
+the beauty of nature and especially upon the thought of God's goodness
+that must triumph over all the evil in the world. _Among the Hills_ and
+the collections _Tent on the Beach_ and _At Sundown_ were produced in
+the last period; but his religious poems seem best to represent his
+thought and feeling in the closing years. From these were taken the
+beautiful verses _At Last_, read as the poet passed away from earth,
+September 7, 1892.
+
+Though Whittier remained throughout his life a Quaker not only in dress
+and speech but in belief and character, yet with his quietness and
+quaint simplicity was blended no severity nor gloom. He had a great love
+of fun, which alone can account for his mischievous habit of teasing,
+and for his keeping such pets as the little bantam rooster that aroused
+the household each morning with its crowing, and the parrot "Charlie"
+that swore when excited, stopped the horses in the street with its cries
+of "whoa," and nipped the ankles of unwary visitors. Then, too, he was
+always attractive to children, and often preferred their society to that
+of older people. But above all else, with each succeeding year he became
+more just and compassionate towards others. The kindliness of his nature
+was untouched by the sorrow and sickness that he bore. "Love--love to
+all the world," he would often repeat in his last years, and the sweet
+influence of the benediction is felt by all who read his life and works:
+
+    "Best loved and saintliest of our singing train,
+    Earth's noblest tributes to thy name belong.
+    A lifelong record closed without a stain,
+    A blameless memory shrined in deathless song."[390-2]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[381-1] The poetical quotations given in this article are from
+_Snow-Bound_.
+
+[390-2] From an ode written by Oliver Wendell Holmes upon the death of
+Whittier.
+
+
+
+
+WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
+
+
+Plain indeed was the little home among the hills of Western
+Massachusetts, near the town of Cummington, where was born on November
+3, 1794, the first great American poet, William Cullen Bryant. His
+father was a physician of scholarly tastes, and his mother, though not
+highly educated, was a woman of much practical wisdom. Both parents were
+kind and affectionate, but followed the custom of that time in treating
+their children with a strictness unknown to American boys and girls of
+to-day. Even small acts of disrespect or disobedience were promptly
+punished, and to aid in the work of correction the Bryant home as well
+as that of almost every neighbor was provided with a good-sized bundle
+of birch sticks hanging warningly on the kitchen wall. As the poet
+himself tells us in a sketch of his early life, the children looked upon
+the older people of the family with so much awe that they could not go
+to them freely nor act naturally in their presence.
+
+This severity in his home must have made young Bryant, who was by nature
+grave and thoughtful, even more serious. Then, too, his mental powers
+developed with surprising quickness, so that by the time he had reached
+his teens, he was thinking and expressing himself upon subjects usually
+discussed by men rather than boys. Having begun to write verses when
+only nine years old, he had had enough practice in this kind of exercise
+to compose when thirteen years of age a satirical poem addressed to
+President Jefferson, because of his part in passing the Embargo Act by
+which New England commerce had been greatly injured. These verses were
+published and met with a ready sale. But far more remarkable as an early
+expression of genius was _Thanatopsis_, written several months before
+Bryant's eighteenth birthday. This poem deals with the subject of death
+with such deep thoughtfulness and in such a stately and powerful style
+that although it did not appear until six years later, it was even then
+believed to have been written by the poet's father, who had sent it to
+the publisher.
+
+Though he was thoughtful beyond his years and had shown unusual poetic
+power, young Bryant was in other ways quite an ordinary boy. He was
+quiet and studious in the school room, but was active enough in the
+games played outside. Of the sports enjoyed by himself and the other
+boys of the district school, he writes: "We amused ourselves with
+building dams across the rivulet, and launching rafts made of old boards
+on the collected water; and in winter, with sliding on the ice and
+building snow barricades, which we called forts, and, dividing the boys
+into two armies, and using snowballs for ammunition, we contended for
+the possession of these strongholds. I was one of their swiftest runners
+in the race, and not inexpert at playing ball, but, being of a slight
+frame, I did not distinguish myself in these sieges." Sometimes, on long
+evenings, Cullen and his elder brother Austin would play that they were
+the heroes of whom they had read in the _Iliad_, and, fitted out with
+swords and spears and homemade armor, they would enact in the barn the
+great battles of the Trojan War.
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
+1794-1878]
+
+Not only the _Iliad_, but other carefully chosen works of literature
+were discovered by the boy in his father's library, and he read widely
+and well. It proved that this reading had to take the place of a much
+hoped-for course at college. After attending Williams College for only
+two terms, he left there, expecting to enter Yale, but was forced to
+give up his plan, owing to his father's inability to supply him with the
+necessary means. He did not let this great disappointment overcome him,
+however, but a few months later began the study of law, with the result
+that in 1815 he was admitted to the bar.
+
+It is a fact well worth noting that at the very beginning of his career
+as a lawyer, on the day when he was walking from his home to the little
+village where he was to start his practice, having learned, in his doubt
+and loneliness, a great lesson in faith, he wrote the beautiful poem
+that shows his genius at its best, and probably more than any other made
+him famous, the ode _To a Waterfowl_.
+
+When a little boy, he had prayed, in his simple way, that he might be a
+great poet, and though he had outgrown the prayer, his desire was
+unchanged. More than this, he had now produced two works that
+undoubtedly showed genius. It is not surprising, then, that in a few
+years a literary career was opened to him and he was able to give up the
+law, for which he had no especial liking.
+
+In 1825, after his marriage to a Miss Fairchild of Great Barrington, he
+removed from that town to New York. There he became editor of the _New
+York Review_ and _Athenæum Magazine_; and a year later he accepted the
+position of assistant editor of the _Evening Post_, a newspaper with
+which he remained for the rest of his life, assuming in 1829 the office
+of editor-in-chief. Though his contributions to this paper were not a
+poet's work, they enabled him to unite his literary power with his deep
+interest in the political concerns of the country, and for many years to
+help direct public opinion during the most critical periods in the
+history of the new nation. More than this, while steadily provided with
+a good income he could spend his leisure hours among the quiet country
+scenes where he found inspiration for his greatest works, his simple
+nature poems.
+
+The busy years of his life as a journalist were several times
+interrupted by travel. Besides visiting Mexico, Cuba and various parts
+of the United States, he made six voyages to Europe, and on the fourth
+extended the journey to Egypt and the Holy Land. His _Letters of a
+Traveller_ and _Letters from the East_ tell of the impressions he
+received in these countries.
+
+Besides translating the _Iliad_ and the _Odyssey_ and writing the two
+fairy stories in verse, _Sella_ and _The Little People of the Snow_,
+Bryant undertook no poetic work of any length. The poems for which his
+name is most honored are the little lyrics in which the calm and beauty
+of nature tell us of truths that never change. Among these, some that
+are best liked by readers both young and old are _The Yellow Violet_,
+_The Fringed Gentian_, _A Forest Hymn_, _The Planting of the Apple
+Tree_, _Robert of Lincoln_, _The Gladness of Nature_, _March_ and _To a
+Waterfowl_.
+
+These poems, when studied, are sure to reveal the simplicity and
+sincerity not only of Bryant's love for nature, but of his character as
+a man. They show the freedom from affectation that marks alike his
+writings and his everyday life. He followed almost sternly his high
+ideals both of moral right and literary correctness, and this has made
+him seem somewhat cold and formal. But probably all who can read most
+clearly the meaning of his life and works feel that so true-hearted a
+man could not have been lacking in warm and generous kindliness.
+
+
+
+
+TO A WATERFOWL
+
+_By_ WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
+
+
+     NOTE.--"He says in a letter that he felt, as he walked up the
+     hills, very forlorn and desolate indeed, not knowing what was to
+     become of him in the big world, which grew bigger as he ascended,
+     and yet darker with the coming on of night. The sun had already
+     set, leaving behind it one of those brilliant seas of chrysolite
+     and opal which often flood the New England skies; and, while he was
+     looking upon the rosy splendor with rapt admiration, a solitary
+     bird made wing along the illuminated horizon. He watched the lone
+     wanderer until it was lost in the distance, asking himself whence
+     it had come and to what far home it was flying. When he went to the
+     house where he was to stop for the night, his mind was still full
+     of what he had seen and felt, and he wrote these lines, as
+     imperishable as our language, _To a Waterfowl_."--Parke Godwin, in
+     Biography of Bryant.
+
+
+[Illustration: THY FIGURE FLOATS ALONG]
+
+        Whither, 'midst falling dew,
+    While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,
+    Far through their rosy depths dost thou pursue
+        Thy solitary way?
+
+        Vainly the fowler's eye
+    Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,
+    As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,
+        Thy figure floats along.
+
+        Seek'st thou the plashy brink
+    Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,
+    Or where the rocking billows rise and sink
+        On the chafed ocean side?
+
+        There is a Power whose care
+    Teaches thy way along that pathless coast--
+    The desert and illimitable air--
+        Lone wandering, but not lost.
+
+        All day thy wings have fanned,
+    At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere,
+    Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,
+        Though the dark night is near.
+
+        And soon that toil shall end;
+    Soon shalt thou find a summer home and rest,
+    And scream among thy fellows; reeds shall bend,
+        Soon, o'er thy sheltered nest.
+
+        Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven
+    Hath swallowed up thy form; yet on my heart
+    Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,
+        And shall not soon depart.
+
+        He who, from zone to zone,
+    Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,
+    In the long way that I must tread alone,
+        Will lead my steps aright.
+
+
+
+
+OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES
+
+_By_ GRACE E. SELLON
+
+
+Besides giving to the United States her great president, Abraham
+Lincoln, the year 1809 also bestowed upon us one of the most gifted and
+warmly esteemed of American authors, Oliver Wendell Holmes. It was in a
+pleasant home in Cambridge, not far from the great university in which
+he was to serve ably for so many years, that Holmes was born. His mother
+was a bright and sociable little woman, well liked for her lively ways
+and quick sympathy, and his father, though a grave and scholarly man,
+was of a kindly nature. Both parents were descended from families that
+were looked upon as among the best in New England, and this became a
+matter of no little pride to their son.
+
+The old colonial house where his boyhood and youth were spent contained
+a well-chosen library. Here, he has written, "he bumped about among
+books from the time when he was hardly taller than one of his father's
+or grandfather's folios." Yet he did not read many of these volumes
+thoroughly. He liked to "read _in_ books rather than _through_ them" and
+would hunt out a paragraph here and there that especially pleased and
+satisfied him. The collections of sermons were always passed by, the
+lives of pious children met with the same neglect, and even _The
+Pilgrim's Progress_ seemed to picture the world as such a cruel,
+gloomy place that this great book too was shunned.
+
+[Illustration: OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES
+1809-1894]
+
+The truth was that, being a lively and cheerful boy, he rebelled against
+the dark and fear-awakening religion preached by his father, a
+Congregational minister, discussed by visiting pastors and taught in
+many of the books that he avoided in the library. He seemed to know by
+instinct which of the clergymen who called at his father's home were
+kindly and friendly, and which of them looked on children as "a set of
+little fallen wretches," and for the forlorn looks and solemn ways of
+the latter he had an especial dislike. "Now and then," he has written,
+"would come along a clerical visitor with a sad face and a wailing
+voice, which sounded exactly as if somebody must be lying dead upstairs,
+who took no interest in us children, except a painful one, as being in a
+bad way with our cheery looks, and did more to unchristianize us with
+his woebegone ways than all his sermons were like to accomplish in the
+other direction." In fact, he might have pleased his father by becoming
+a minister if a certain preacher that he knew had not, to use his own
+words, "looked and talked so like an undertaker."
+
+But the dreary sermons, the visits of the long-faced clergymen and the
+drill in the Catechism were only shadows that came and went. Most of the
+time young Holmes was as light-hearted a boy as was to be found in all
+New England. He liked best of all to go hunting, carrying on such trips
+an old gun of the kind used in the Revolution. A good many of his hours
+at home were spent in working with tools, and thus he became skilful
+enough to carve out of wood a skate on which he learned to travel about
+on the ice. He was active and industrious at school, too, and he made
+such a good record there that though he whispered a great part of the
+time he got along peaceably with the school-master. The only serious
+troubles that he had came from two great fears. Many times after he had
+gone to bed at night he would be awakened by ghosts or evil spirits
+mysteriously roaming through the house. Perhaps he was ashamed to tell
+of this dread to his mother or father, and so the foolish belief that
+there might be ghosts about stayed with him through boyhood. His other
+fear was of the doctor's visits. In helpless terror he would look on
+while the old physician pronounced his doom and began to measure out the
+bitter medicine.
+
+In his fifteenth year Holmes left the school at Cambridgeport to attend
+Phillips Academy, at Andover, and in the following year, 1825, entered
+Harvard College. During his four years at Harvard he took quite as
+active an interest in the social life of the college as in his classes.
+He joined the society known as the Knights of the Square Table, and at
+the lively meetings of the club, where wine and wit passed freely about
+the table, he was introduced to a kind of gayety undreamed of in his
+quiet home. In a humorous description of himself, given at this time in
+a letter to a former classmate at Andover, he writes:
+
+"I, then, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Junior in Harvard University, am a
+plumeless biped of the height of exactly five feet three inches when
+standing in a pair of substantial boots made by Mr. Russell of this
+town, having eyes which I call blue, and hair which I do not know what
+to call.... Secondly, with regard to my normal qualities, I am rather
+lazy than otherwise, and certainly do not study as hard as I ought to. I
+am not dissipated and I am not sedate, and when I last ascertained my
+college rank, I stood in the humble situation of seventeenth scholar."
+
+After graduating from Harvard, Holmes entered the Dane Law School at
+Cambridge. He did not feel at all sure, however, that he wished to be a
+lawyer, and at the end of a year he had so far lost interest in his
+studies that he gave them up. As the physician's calling seemed much
+more to his liking, he took two courses of study in a private school of
+medicine. This preparation was not, of course, sufficient to fit him for
+a larger practice, so a trip to Europe where he could study under the
+great professors of the School of Medicine at Paris became necessary.
+Accordingly, his parents, at some sacrifice to themselves, provided him
+with the required means, and he set sail from New York in the spring of
+1833.
+
+During the two years spent abroad, Holmes gave himself up wholly to his
+chosen study. "I am more and more attached every day to the study of my
+profession.... I am occupied from morning to night, and as every one is
+happy when he is occupied, I enjoy myself as much as I could wish," he
+wrote home. This period of hard work, however, was interrupted by summer
+vacations spent in the countries along the Rhine, in England and in
+Italy.
+
+Early in 1836, the young physician established himself in Boston.
+Perhaps it was that people thought him too much of a wit to take their
+troubles seriously, or perhaps it was that he was better fitted to
+teach than to practice the doctor's art. At any rate, his success was
+very moderate. He was very glad, then, to be appointed Professor of
+Anatomy at Dartmouth College in 1838, a position that he held until
+1840. About this time, too, he received prizes for some _Medical Essays_
+that are even to-day regarded as valuable. Thus he was gradually fitting
+himself for the honorable office offered him in 1847, that of Professor
+of Anatomy and Physiology in the Medical School of Harvard University.
+For thirty-five years Holmes filled this position with the greatest
+success. He was given the fifth hour in the day as his lecture period
+because he was the only one able to hold the attention of students who
+had already been listening to four long and difficult lectures. He
+enlivened the dry subject with funny stories, droll comparisons and
+interesting descriptions, teaching while he entertained.
+
+In 1840 the young doctor had married Amelia Lee Jackson, daughter of a
+highly respected Boston family. His wife was of so gentle and tactful a
+nature that their home was always a well-ordered and pleasant place of
+rest for the busy doctor, where unwelcome visitors and other annoyances
+were not allowed to take his time. Yet he was never too much occupied to
+find pleasure in what interested his wife and his three children.
+
+During all these years when the profession of medicine had been of chief
+concern to him, and even before he had begun his medical studies, he had
+occasionally written poems that won a good deal of praise from friends,
+but brought no widespread notice. From his very earliest years he could
+feel very keenly and remember the melody of verse. "The low, soft chirp
+of the little bird heard in the nest, while his mother is brooding over
+him," he has written, "lives in his memory, I doubt not, through all the
+noisy carols of the singing season; so I remember the little songs my
+mother sang to me when I was old enough to run about, and had not
+outgrown the rhymes of the nursery." He enjoyed writing poems for the
+yearly meetings held by his college class long after their graduation,
+and he made several contributions to the Harvard _Collegian_. Just once
+in these early years had his fame traveled far, and that was the
+occasion when he wrote _Old Ironsides_. The frigate _Constitution_ that
+had served the country so well was to be done away with as a useless
+vessel. Learning of this, Holmes penned in haste the stanzas that
+stirred the nation's feelings and saved the old boat from destruction.
+
+It came, then, as a surprise to the American people, when upon the
+founding of the _Atlantic Monthly_ in 1857, the name of Holmes was
+signed to the articles that probably were most popular of all published
+in that magazine, to which the greatest literary men in the country were
+contributing. _The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table_, was the title of
+the delightful series of humorous essays in which the author seemed
+really to be talking to his readers. A sort of story bound the numbers
+together. In the fourth issue appeared, perhaps, the best poem written
+by Holmes--_The Chambered Nautilus_. This was a favorite with him and
+was one of those poems of which he said: "I did not write it, but it was
+written through me," for he believed it to be a work of inspiration.
+
+_The Autocrat_, which is Holmes' greatest work, was followed by two
+similar but inferior series, _The Professor at the Breakfast Table_ and
+_The Poet at the Breakfast Table_. Between the last two series he had
+published in 1861 his novel _Elsie Venner_, followed in 1867 by _The
+Guardian Angel_, and in 1885 by _A Mortal Antipathy_. The first of these
+novels is considerably the best, but none of them ranks high, for they
+all deal with unusual people who because of weird inherited traits of
+mind are forced to go through strange if not impossible experiences.
+
+Still another kind of writing was attempted by Holmes. In 1878 he
+completed a biography of his intimate friend, the historian Motley, and
+in 1884 wrote a life of Emerson. These are not, however, among his best
+productions. _Over the Teacups_, similar to the _Breakfast Table_
+papers, appeared in 1890, and was his last important work.
+
+In 1886, accompanied by his daughter, he spent four months in Europe,
+chiefly in England. The warm welcome and high honor given him by the
+English people were very gratifying to the aged professor. He was always
+at his best when talking, and so brilliant and easy was his wit that had
+not politeness forbidden he could have entertained a roomful of people
+during a whole evening. This fact as well as his literary achievements
+made him popular everywhere.
+
+On the occasion when he received a degree of honor from Cambridge
+University, the young collegemen greeted him by singing at the tops of
+their voices a song of "Holmes, sweet Holmes;" and on a similar occasion
+at Oxford one of the students, making good use of the title of a poem
+especially known to Holmes' young readers, asked from the gallery
+whether the Doctor had come in the "One-Hoss Shay." It is likely that
+the worthy old gentleman was quite as pleased with this hearty good will
+as with the more dignified tributes received during his memorable visit.
+
+After 1890, Holmes wrote only occasionally. Yet he continued to take his
+usual walks and to answer a part of his large correspondence, leaving
+the rest to a secretary. Now and then he would go to a concert or to a
+dinner among friends, and in other ways he showed himself remarkably
+active. In fact, he had not become feeble in mind or body when death
+quietly came to him, October 7th, 1894.
+
+Though the brightness of his wit makes Holmes one of the most
+entertaining of writers it is his deep kindness that gives to what he
+has written an even greater power and attractiveness. More than all
+else, he tried both in his writings and in his everyday living to drive
+away the shadows of all kinds of suffering, and to share with others the
+cheerfulness of his own genial nature.
+
+    "Long be it ere the table shall be set
+    For the last breakfast of the Autocrat,
+    And love repeat with smiles and tears thereat
+    His own sweet songs that time shall not forget."[405-1]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[405-1] Whittier's ode on the eightieth birthday of Holmes.
+
+
+
+
+THE CUBES OF TRUTH
+
+_By_ OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES
+
+
+Listen, Benjamin Franklin.[406-1] This is for you, and such others of
+tender age as you may tell it to.
+
+When we are as yet small children, long before the time when those two
+grown ladies offer us the choice of Hercules,[406-2] there comes up to
+us a youthful angel, holding in his right hand cubes like dice, and in
+his left spheres like marbles. The cubes are of stainless ivory, and on
+each is written in letters of gold--TRUTH. The spheres are veined and
+streaked and spotted beneath, with a dark crimson flush above where the
+light falls on them and in a certain aspect you can make out upon every
+one of them the three letters, L, I, E.
+
+The child to whom they are offered very probably clutches at both. The
+spheres are the most convenient things in the world; they roll with the
+least possible impulse just where the child would have them. The cubes
+will not roll at all; they have a great talent for standing still, and
+always keep right side up. But very soon the young philosopher finds
+that things which roll so easily are very apt to roll into the wrong
+corner, and to get out of his way when he most wants them, while he
+always knows where to find the others, which stay where they are left.
+
+Thus he learns--thus we learn--to drop the streaked and speckled globes
+of falsehood, and to hold fast the white angular blocks of truth. But
+then comes Timidity, and after her Good-nature, and last of all
+Polite-behaviour, all insisting that truth must _roll_, or nobody can do
+anything with it; and so the first with her coarse rasp, and the second
+with her broad file, and the third with her silken sleeve, do so round
+off and smooth and polish the snow-white cubes of truth, that, when they
+have got a little dingy by use, it becomes hard to tell them from the
+rolling spheres of falsehood.
+
+The schoolmistress[407-3] was polite enough to say that she was pleased
+with this, and that she would read it to her little flock the next day.
+But she should tell the children, she said, that there were better
+reasons for truth than could be found in mere experience of its
+convenience, and the inconvenience of lying.
+
+Yes--I said--but education always begins through the senses, and works up
+to the idea of absolute right and wrong. The first thing the child has
+to learn about this matter is, that lying is unprofitable--afterwards,
+that it is against the peace and dignity of the universe.
+
+
+     1. What does the stainless ivory in the cubes indicate?
+
+     2. What is the meaning of the veins, streaks, and spots and the
+     dark crimson flush in the spheres?
+
+     3. Are the letters L, I, E, always visible? Does this mean that
+     lies are not always known to be lies to the person who tells them,
+     or that they may deceive the person to whom they are told?
+
+     4. Does Dr. Holmes mean to imply that it is natural for a little
+     child to lie when he says that the spheres are the most convenient
+     things in the world?
+
+     5. What does Dr. Holmes mean when he says that the spheres are apt
+     to roll into the wrong corner?
+
+     6. How does Timidity teach a child to lie? How does Good-nature
+     lead him to lie? What are some of the "polite lies" that help to
+     make the cubes roll?
+
+     7. Which cuts most deeply a substance upon which it is rubbed--a
+     rasp, a file, or a silken sleeve?
+
+     8. Which causes the most lies, Timidity, Good-nature or
+     Polite-behavior?
+
+     9. Do you think the schoolmistress is right? If so, what better
+     reasons are there for telling the truth than mere convenience and
+     the inconvenience of lying?
+
+     10. What do you understand by "against the peace and dignity of the
+     universe?"
+
+     11. Do you think the schoolmistress would agree with the Autocrat
+     in his last statement as to the way in which children are taught
+     the difference between right and wrong?
+
+     12. Do you think if a child is first taught that lying is
+     unprofitable he will without further assistance learn that lying is
+     wrong in itself?
+
+     13. Do you gain from the whole selection the idea that all lies,
+     even the polite lies of society and the common and apparently
+     harmless lies of business life, are always and wholly wrong?
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[406-1] _The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table_ is the most famous and the
+best of the prose works of Oliver Wendell Holmes. It consists of a
+series of rambling talks on a great variety of subjects, addressed to
+the people who sit at his table in a boarding house. Holmes himself is
+the "Autocrat," and his sparkling talks are full of wit and wisdom.
+Among those who regularly sit at the Autocrat's table is a schoolboy,
+whom he calls Benjamin Franklin, and to whom he tells this beautiful
+story of the Cubes of Truth.
+
+[406-2] When the old Greek hero, Hercules, was a youth, and nearing
+manhood, two women appeared to him, both offering beautiful gifts. One
+of the women was Duty, the other Pleasure. Hercules chose to accept the
+gifts of Duty and to follow her. The opportunity to make this choice did
+not come till he was old enough to understand. In Holmes' beautiful
+allegory the cubes and spheres are presented long before that time, even
+in early childhood.
+
+[407-3] The schoolmistress is one of the most lovable of the characters
+introduced by Mr. Holmes into _The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table_. At
+first she appears only at intervals, but in the book her love story and
+her marriage to the Autocrat afford the chief interest.
+
+
+
+
+THE LOST CHILD
+
+_By_ JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL
+
+
+    I wandered down the sunny glade
+      And ever mused, my love, of thee;
+    My thoughts, like little children, played,
+      As gayly and as guilelessly.
+
+[Illustration: DOWN THE SUNNY GLADE]
+
+    If any chanced to go astray,
+      Moaning in fear of coming harms,
+    Hope brought the wanderer back alway,
+      Safe nestled in her snowy arms.
+
+    From that soft nest the happy one
+      Looked up at me and calmly smiled;
+    Its hair shone golden in the sun,
+      And made it seem a heavenly child.
+
+    Dear Hope's blue eyes smiled mildly down.
+      And blest it with a love so deep,
+    That, like a nursling of her own,
+      It clasped her neck and fell asleep.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL
+
+_By_ GRACE E. SELLON
+
+
+Down the street, about a mile from the center of Cambridge,
+Massachusetts, stands a square, three-story colonial dwelling house,
+sheltered by pines and great English elms and surrounded by flowering
+shrubs. In this home, for many years known as Elmwood, the great
+American poet and essayist was born February 22, 1819, and it was here
+that he lived during the greater part of his life. In the woods and
+meadows that lay about Elmwood in the poet's childhood he spent much
+time, for he liked especially to be out-of-doors; and so it was that in
+his earliest years he began to feel the great love for flowers, birds
+and trees that made him able in later life to show to the readers of his
+poems how much beauty there is in the very commonest things of nature.
+
+However, all of the things he liked were not out-of-doors. In his
+father's library were more than three thousand books, and he began when
+only a small boy to choose for himself favorite authors. He seems to
+have been unusually fond of books, for in a little note written when he
+was eight years old,--his first letter, so far as any one knows,--he
+tells his brother, "I read French stories," and adds in a postscript, "I
+have got three books." The next year, in a letter to the same brother he
+writes, "I have got quite a library."
+
+After learning his letters and other simple things at an elementary
+school, Lowell was sent when about nine years old to a higher school,
+where he was thoroughly taught Latin, and otherwise prepared for his
+entrance into Harvard College in 1834. He was then only fifteen years of
+age, yet he had such decided tastes in his studies that he was not
+always willing to give attention to the work required in his college
+courses, but would follow his own inclinations in his reading. The
+result was, that though he gained such a reputation among his
+class-mates for appreciation of literature and ability in original
+composition that he was made one of the editors of _Harvardiana_, the
+college paper, and was chosen in his senior year to write the class
+poem, yet he was looked upon with growing disapproval by his
+instructors, because of his irregular ways. At length, it is told, he
+completely disgraced himself, on the day he was chosen class poet, by
+rising at the close of the evening prayer service and bowing solemnly to
+right and left. As punishment for this and all preceding misconduct, he
+was sent to Concord to continue his studies under a private teacher, and
+was not allowed to return to Harvard until after classday. Nevertheless,
+he wrote his poem and later had it printed, for his friends, in a little
+pamphlet.
+
+[Illustration: JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL
+1819-1891]
+
+After receiving his degree from Harvard in 1838, Lowell decided upon the
+law as the profession most suitable for him to follow, for at that time
+a literary career in the United States held out no assurance of a
+living, even to the best writers. In the preceding year he had written
+to his intimate friend Shackford: "I thought your brother Charles was
+studying law. I intend to study that myself, and probably shall be Chief
+Justice of the United States." This modest prediction, however, was not
+to be fulfilled, for after completing a course at the Harvard Law School
+in 1840 and practicing with but slight interest and success for two
+years, he gave up the law for a more congenial occupation.
+
+His letters to his confidants "Shack" and Loring during the years at
+college show his aspiration to become a poet. He reports from time to
+time his progress in verse making and comments more or less favorably on
+his "effusions." This writing of _pottery_--as it pleased him to call
+it--continued with more serious interest after his graduation, so that
+in 1840 he was ready to publish a volume of verse entitled "A Year's
+Life."
+
+The same year was marked by another event of special importance,--his
+engagement to Maria White, a young woman who was herself a poet and who
+was deeply interested in all the movements of thought that were making
+toward freedom and justice before the Civil War. Her influence upon
+Lowell was to strengthen greatly his confidence in his own best powers
+as a man and a poet and to help develop in him the broad, kind
+democratic feeling for his fellow-men that most endears him to his
+readers. This growth of the poet's character seems the more remarkable
+when it is considered that his father, a Unitarian minister, was a man
+who, though most generous and well-meaning in his regard for others, was
+well enough content with conditions in his country to feel little
+sympathy with the reforms then being urged for securing fuller liberty
+and equality. In his new enthusiasm Lowell turned away from the
+influence of his younger days and became devoted to the cause of
+abolition.
+
+In 1842, after abandoning the law, he founded a magazine, _The Pioneer_,
+which, however, was issued only three times. After this unsuccessful
+venture he went back to his poetry, and late in 1843 published a second
+volume of verse. In the following year appeared his first critical
+studies in prose, _Conversations on Some of the Old Poets_. This work,
+like most of the first book of poems, Lowell found in later life to be
+unworthy of reprinting.
+
+The income from his writings, though small, was sufficient for him to
+marry in 1844; and not long after this event he became a regular
+contributor to the _Anti-Slavery Standard_. In this appeared the first
+series of the _Biglow Papers_, in which, through vigorous prose and
+verse, largely in the Yankee dialect of Hosea Biglow, he protested
+against the evils that brought on the Mexican War. The collected numbers
+of the series were published in 1848 and shared the popularity of two
+other of Lowell's greatest works, produced in the same year,--the _Fable
+for Critics_ and _The Vision of Sir Launfal_, a beautiful narrative poem
+filled with the spirit of Christian brotherhood.
+
+It was not long after this that Lowell began to feel that his work as a
+writer for the abolitionist cause was narrowing in its effect. For
+"red-hot" reform he had no liking. It seemed to him that the hope of his
+cause lay not so much in treating others harshly as in living according
+to the high principles that the reformers professed. "The longer I
+live," he wrote, "the more am I convinced that the world must be healed
+by degrees. I see why Jesus came eating meat and drinking wine and
+companying with publicans and sinners. He preached the highest doctrine,
+but he lived the life of other men.... Let us sow the best seed we have
+... and convert other men by our crops, not by drubbing them with our
+hoes or putting them under our harrows." He decided, then, to take life
+in a more leisurely way and let the poetic power that he considered his
+best gift express itself freely.
+
+In 1851, accompanied by his wife and his two children, Lowell visited
+Europe. The months spent abroad gave him much wished-for opportunities
+for study and observation, but they were darkened by the death of his
+son Walter. Close upon this sorrow came the death of Mrs. Lowell in the
+following year (1853), after the return of the family to Elmwood. From
+that time for many months the poet could find relief from his keen sense
+of loss only in his literary work, and in the companionship of his
+daughter Mabel, the only one of his four children who had lived.
+
+Some lectures on the English poets given at the Lowell institute in
+1854-55 found so much favor with the authorities at Harvard College that
+soon afterward he was appointed to succeed Longfellow as professor of
+foreign languages and literatures. After a period of study in Europe, he
+assumed charge of classes at Harvard in 1856, and for sixteen years
+continued in this work, bringing to it with most remarkable success all
+the warmth and sincerity and broad scope of his own interest in the
+subjects that he taught. Not many months afterward he was still further
+honored by being given the editorship of the newly founded _Atlantic
+Monthly_, a position that he held until 1861. The year 1857 was made
+memorable also by his marriage to Miss Frances Dunlap, a much-valued
+friend and the governess of his daughter. In 1864 he became joint editor
+of the _North American Review_, and in this magazine continued the
+second series of the _Biglow Papers_, begun in the _Atlantic Monthly_,
+the series in which is expressed his finest power as a poet-patriot. Of
+the same excellence is the famous _Commemoration Ode_ written for
+memorial ceremonies held at Harvard College in honor of the students who
+had fallen during the war. Among other contributions to these
+periodicals were numerous studies of poets and poetry--essays that rank
+among the best of their kind. Thus did Lowell prove himself to possess a
+rare combination of the powers of original composition and of criticism.
+
+So ably had he served the best interests of his country through his
+writings, that in 1877 he was appointed Minister of the United States to
+Spain, and served here until 1880, when he was sent as Minister to
+England. These high trusts, it proved, had not been wrongly placed.
+Lowell's devotion to the truest American principles, together with his
+large experience in public affairs, made him a most successful diplomat.
+He was given high honors by British universities, and he made many
+friends in England.
+
+After his return to America in 1885 he withdrew gradually from his
+former active life. Occasionally he wrote and lectured, and several
+times he made trips to England where he always received a cordial
+welcome. It was in his much loved Elmwood that death came to him August
+12, 1891.
+
+Lowell was a man of wide learning, and has a prominent place in American
+literature for his exceptional critical ability and delightful wit, and
+for the artistic excellence of both his prose and poetry; but the secret
+of his power lies not so much in these things as in the sincerity and
+vigor of thought that rise above all bookishness, and in the warm human
+feeling that reached out for the love of his fellow-men rather than for
+fame and distinction. Probably that which most endears him to his
+countrymen is the quality he attributes to others in these words of
+admiration: "I am sure that both the President (Hayes) and his wife have
+in them that excellent new thing we call Americanism, which, I suppose,
+is that 'dignity of human nature' which the philosophers of the last
+century were always seeking and never finding, and which, after all,
+consists, perhaps, in not thinking yourself either better or worse than
+your neighbors by reason of any artificial distinction. As I sat behind
+them at the concert the other night, I was profoundly touched by
+the feelings of this kingship without mantle and crown from the
+property-room of the old world. Their dignity was in their very
+neighborliness, instead of in their distance." Certainly in the realm of
+American literature, there is no one better entitled than Lowell to this
+"kingship without mantle and crown."
+
+
+
+
+A CHILD'S THOUGHT OF GOD
+
+_By_ ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
+
+
+    They say that God lives very high,
+      But if you look above the pines
+    You cannot see our God, and why?
+
+    And if you dig down in the mines
+      You never see Him in the gold;
+    Though, from Him, all that's glory shines.
+
+    God is so good, He wears a fold
+      Of heaven and earth across His face--
+    Like secrets kept, for love, untold.
+
+    But still I feel that His embrace
+      Slides down by thrills, through all things made,
+    Through sight and sound of every place.
+
+    As if my tender mother laid
+      On my shut lids, her kisses' pressure,
+    Half-waking me at night, and said,
+      "Who kissed you through the dark, dear guesser?"
+
+
+
+
+ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
+
+
+Round the young life of Elizabeth Barrett was so much of illness and
+dreariness, that we have accustomed ourselves to thinking joy came to
+her only with her marriage, and we forget, often, that her childhood was
+not unhappy. Few children, it would seem, were ever born with greater
+promise of a bright life. Her father was wealthy and generous; she had
+brothers and sisters near her in age and congenial in tastes, and she
+was, at least, a fairly strong, active child.
+
+She was born on March 6, 1806, at Coxhoe Hall, in the county of Durham,
+and when she was but three years old, her father removed to Hope End, in
+Herefordshire. The estate which he purchased there was a beautiful one,
+and the house, with its Turkish windows and Oriental-looking
+decorations, was most picturesque. That the scenery which surrounded her
+in her youth made on Elizabeth an impression which remained with her all
+her life is shown clearly in various passages in her poems:
+
+        "Green the land is where my daily
+        Steps in jocund childhood played,
+        Dimpled close with hill and valley,
+        Dappled very close with shade;
+    Summer-snow of apple-blossoms running up from glade to glade."
+
+Of all the brothers and sisters, Elizabeth was her father's favorite,
+and he encouraged her constantly in her precocious studies and in her
+childish attempts at composition. Long before she was able to read Homer
+in the original, she came upon Pope's translation of the _Iliad_, and it
+took a rare hold upon her. She showed its influence and her own bent
+toward poetry by composing, before she was fourteen, an epic on the
+"Battle of Marathon," of which her father, to whom it was dedicated,
+thought so highly that he had it printed and circulated it among his
+friends. But she also showed the influence of her beloved _Iliad_ in a
+much more childish way, of which she has written delightfully in a poem
+called _Hector in the Garden_. A great flower bed, roughly shaped like a
+man and bordered about with turf, was made for her, and this she named
+after Hector, the Trojan hero and her great favorite.
+
+    "Eyes of gentianellas azure,
+    Staring, winking at the skies;
+    Nose of gillyflowers and box;
+    Scented grasses put for locks,
+    Which a little breeze at pleasure
+    Set a-waving round his eyes."
+
+    "Brazen helm of daffodillies,
+    With a glitter toward the light;
+    Purple violets for the mouth,
+    Breathing perfumes west and south;
+    And a sword of flashing lilies,
+    Holden ready for the fight."
+
+    "And a breastplate made of daisies,
+    Closely fitting, leaf on leaf;
+    Periwinkles interlaced
+    Drawn for belt about the waist;
+    While the brown bees, humming praises,
+    Shot their arrows round the chief."
+
+[Illustration: ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
+1806-1861]
+
+It was natural enough that Elizabeth should have wanted to begin the
+study of Greek; and with the help of her father and of Mr. Boyd, a blind
+friend of her father's, she became a most proficient Greek scholar.
+
+When she was fifteen years old she met with an accident which deprived
+her in part of the out-of-door life and rambles which she had loved, and
+threw her more than ever upon her books for company. Impatient because a
+horse which she desired to ride was not ready just when she wanted it,
+she went out into the field and attempted to saddle it herself. She
+fell, with the saddle on top of her; and while this did not leave her
+the invalid she later became, it weakened her and made her an easy prey
+to the troubles which afterward came upon her.
+
+That Pope, as well as Homer, left his mark on Miss Barrett was shown by
+her first published volume, which was brought out when she was about
+twenty. It was entitled _An Essay on Mind, and Other Poems_, and the
+poem which gave its name to the book was quite after the manner of Pope.
+This poem, while remarkable for a girl of Miss Barrett's age, contained
+little freshness or originality, and she spoke of it afterwards as
+having been "long repented of as worthy of all repentance."
+
+In 1828 Mrs. Barrett died, and left Elizabeth, the eldest of the ten
+children, with much of the responsibility of the family. Since her death
+came before her daughter reached fame or began that voluminous
+correspondence from which have been gathered most of the facts of her
+life, little can be known of the mother's character, or of her influence
+on her daughter. That Miss Barrett was devotedly attached to her mother,
+however, is to be seen from a sentence in one of her letters. "Her
+memory," she says, "is more precious to me than any earthly blessing
+left behind!"
+
+The beloved home at Hope End was sold in 1832, owing, apparently to some
+fall in the family fortunes, and the Barretts removed to Sidmouth, in
+Devonshire. The life there was uneventful, as the life at Hope End had
+been. Miss Barrett, in writing later of herself, declared that "a bird
+in a cage would have as good a story." But she was by no means idle, for
+her Greek studies and her writing kept her busy and happy. While at
+Sidmouth, she brought out a translation of the _Prometheus Bound_ of
+Æschylus, a version with which she was so dissatisfied that she later
+replaced it, in her collected works, with another.
+
+For three years the Barretts lived at Sidmouth, and their removal to
+London, in 1835, made important changes in Elizabeth's life. Her health,
+never good since her fifteenth year, broke down, and from some date
+shortly after the arrival in London she became an apparently hopeless
+invalid, confined to her room and often to her bed. Some compensation
+for this confinement, however, she found in the new friends, few,
+indeed, but devoted and congenial, who were admitted to her sick room.
+Chief among these friends of her earlier London years were John Kenyon,
+a distant cousin, and Mary Russell Mitford, author of _Our Village_.
+Miss Mitford made the acquaintance of Miss Barrett in one of the
+latter's rare appearances in society, and she has left an account of the
+meeting and a description of Miss Barrett which is famous.
+
+"She was certainly one of the most interesting persons that I had ever
+seen. Everybody who then saw her said the same; so that it is not merely
+the impression of my partiality or my enthusiasm. Of a slight, delicate
+figure, with a shower of dark curls falling on either side of a most
+expressive face, large tender eyes, richly fringed by dark eyelashes, a
+smile like a sunbeam, and such a look of youthfulness that I had some
+difficulty in persuading a friend ... that the translatress of the
+_Prometheus_ of Æschylus, the authoress of the _Essay on Mind_, was old
+enough to be introduced into company,--in technical language, was
+'out.'"
+
+Although Miss Mitford was nineteen years older than Miss Barrett, the
+friendship which sprang up between them was most close, and lasted until
+Miss Mitford's death in 1855. Their correspondence was constant and
+voluminous, as was that, in fact, of Miss Barrett with all of her
+intimate friends. These letters of hers from her sick room are no more
+remarkable for number than for brightness and vivacity. Little mention
+is made of her ailments, except when her friends have specifically
+demanded news of her health, and the letters deal rather with literary
+than with other subjects. This was, of course, most natural; the invalid
+could have little news to communicate from her couch to her friends in
+the outer world. Her literary activity, too, increased, and she began to
+contribute to magazines poems of various kinds, which attracted much
+attention. Not all comment on them was favorable; the people declared
+that some of them were Sphinx-like--too difficult, if not impossible, of
+interpretation. But every one realized that here was a real poet, one of
+striking individuality, and, for a woman, most remarkable learning.
+
+By the autumn of 1838, her health had become so much worse that the
+doctor ordered removal to a warmer climate, and she was taken to
+Torquay, where she remained for three years. Her father and her brothers
+and sisters visited her there from time to time, but her constant
+companion was her brother Edward, who had all her life been her
+favorite. What little good Torquay seemed to be doing her was more than
+overbalanced by a tragedy which occurred in the summer of 1840. Her
+brother, with two of his friends, went for a sail in a small boat,
+intending to be absent only until evening. When they did not return,
+inquiry was set on foot, and it was learned that a small boat had been
+seen to founder in Babbicombe Bay. The fears caused by this report
+became certainty three days later, on the recovery of the bodies. The
+effect on Miss Barrett may be partially imagined. Not only had she lost
+her best-loved companion, but she was haunted by the morbid feeling that
+she had caused his death, since he had come to Torquay only to be with
+her. Twelve years afterward she wrote: "I have lived heart to heart with
+my husband these five years. I have never yet spoken out, in a whisper
+even, what is in me; never yet could find heart or breath; never yet
+could bear to hear a word of reference from his lips."
+
+Naturally her health suffered greatly from the shock, and it was thought
+that she could not possibly live more than a few months. Quite
+unexpectedly, however, she began to improve; it seemed that the desire
+to quit Torquay, which had grown unendurable to her since the tragedy,
+gave her strength of body. During the spring and summer of 1841 she was
+able to resume work on translations, compositions, plans for new poems.
+Indeed, it was this which saved her, for she wrote some time later to a
+friend--"I do believe I should be _mad_ at this moment, if I had not
+forced back the current of rushing recollections by work, work, work."
+
+After her return to London in the autumn of 1841, her life went on as
+before--or rather, stood still as before. From her couch she continued
+to send forth the poems which were bringing her ever-increasing fame,
+and the letters which were binding her friends closer to her. But an
+event was drawing nearer, which was from the first an event and not an
+episode in Miss Barrett's life. In January, 1845, we find her writing
+"And I had a letter from Browning the poet last night, which threw me
+into ecstasies--Browning, the author of _Paracelsus_, and the king of
+mystics;" and a little later she says, "I am getting deeper and deeper
+into correspondence with Robert Browning, poet and mystic, and we are
+growing to be the truest friends."
+
+Robert Browning had felt and expressed great admiration for Miss
+Barrett's poems and an allusion to himself in her _Lady Geraldine's
+Courtship_ gave him an excuse for addressing her. Their correspondence
+flourished, and they rapidly passed from regarding each other as mere
+acquaintances, to looking upon each other as friends. In fact, there
+seems to have been from the very first an almost mystical attraction
+between them. Miss Barrett might have contented herself all her life
+with this delightfully personal and literary correspondence, but
+Browning soon grew impatient and expressed his desire to see her. The
+admission of a new friend to Miss Barrett's room was at no time a thing
+to be undertaken lightly, so hedged about was she by the care of her
+family; and in this case she herself seems to have hesitated long before
+allowing Browning to call, for the very feminine reason that "there is
+nothing to see in me nor to hear in me." Had she known Browning better,
+she would have realized that his determination would carry him past all
+obstacles; and so, indeed, it did.
+
+On May 20, 1845, they met for the first time, and within a short time
+his friendship for her had ripened into love, and he asked her to marry
+him. She herself told, in a letter to a friend after her marriage, the
+story of her courtship.
+
+"He came, and with our personal acquaintance began his attachment for
+me, a sort of _infatuation_ call it, which resisted the various denials
+which were my plain duty at the beginning, and has persisted past them
+all. I began with the grave assurance that I was in an exceptional
+position and saw him just in consequence of it, and that if he ever
+recurred to that subject again, I never could see him again while I
+lived; and he believed me and was silent. To my mind, indeed, it was a
+bare impulse--a generous man of quick sympathies taking up a sudden
+interest with both hands."
+
+Browning was, as she said, silent, but he was not discouraged, and his
+letters, his visits, his flowers, at length convinced Miss Barrett that
+his feeling was something more than a "bare impulse."
+
+"So then," she continued, "I showed him how he was throwing into the
+ashes his best affections--how the common gifts of youth and
+cheerfulness were behind me--how I had not strength, even of _heart_,
+for the ordinary duties of life--everything I told him and showed him.
+'Look at this--and this--and this,' throwing down all my disadvantages.
+To which he did not answer by a single compliment, but simply that he
+had not then to choose, and that I might be right or he might be right,
+he was not there to decide; but that he loved me, and should to his last
+hour.* * * He preferred, he said, of free and deliberate choice, to be
+allowed to sit only an hour a day by my side, to the fulfilment of the
+brightest dream which should exclude me, in any possible world."
+
+What Robert Browning wanted so much, it was a foregone conclusion that
+he would have; and Miss Barrett was at last brought to consent to an
+engagement. But the difficulties were just begun. Mr. Barrett, adored as
+he was by his daughter, was more than a little tyrannical, especially
+with his favorite daughter. His family all well knew that he would never
+under any circumstances be brought to consent to the marriage of any of
+his children; and he had, moreover, in the case of Elizabeth, the
+appearance of reason on his side, in that she was, in the opinion of her
+family and of most of her medical advisers, a hopeless invalid, unfit to
+be moved. "A life passed between a bed and a sofa, and avoiding too
+frequent and abrupt transitions even from one to the other, was the only
+life she could expect on this earth." Browning believed otherwise, and
+events showed that he was right.
+
+In the autumn of 1845, the doctors advised that Miss Barrett be taken to
+Italy, declaring, in fact, that her life depended upon it. Some of her
+brothers or sisters could easily have accompanied her; there was no lack
+of money, and the journey was actually planned. For no apparent reason,
+however, Mr. Barrett refused his consent--said that his daughter should
+not leave his house. In vain the family argued; in vain a generous
+friend offered to accompany Miss Barrett, paying all expenses. He was
+brutally firm. Much hurt by this selfishness and disregard for her life,
+Miss Barrett promised Browning that if she lived through the winter and
+were no worse in the following year, she would marry him without her
+father's consent, for which they knew it was useless to ask.
+Accordingly, on September 12, 1846, she walked out of her father's
+house, accompanied only by her maid, was married and returned home. One
+week later she joined her husband, and they set out for Italy, their
+future home. Mr. Barrett never forgave his daughter, and his unrelenting
+anger was a deep sorrow to her, in the midst of her great life
+happiness.
+
+The Brownings went first to Pisa, and from there to Florence, which they
+afterward regarded as their home, though they made many excursions and
+spent seasons elsewhere. Mrs. Browning grew so much better that a friend
+said to her, "You are not _improved_, you are _transformed_;" and while
+she was never strong and was often very ill, she never again sank back
+to the state in which she had been before her marriage. The happiness
+which shows in her letters is wonderful. "As for me," she writes, "when
+I am so good as to let myself be carried upstairs, and so angelical as
+to sit still on the sofa, and so considerate, moreover, as _not_ to put
+my foot into a puddle, why _my_ duty is considered done to a perfection,
+which is worthy of all adoration." And again, "If I could open my heart
+to you in all seriousness, you would see nothing there but a sort of
+enduring wonder of happiness."
+
+Mrs. Browning, like her husband, loved Italy, and especially Florence,
+and many of her poems, notably the _Casa Guidi Windows_, deal with
+Italian subjects. Of the poems published after her marriage, however,
+none are more exquisite than the series of _Sonnets from the
+Portuguese_. These sonnets, which are not translations, and to which the
+name _From the Portuguese_ was given simply as a blind, describe her
+uncertainty and her joy in the love which was hers.
+
+In 1849 another joy came to her. On March 9th of that year a son, Robert
+Wiedeman Barrett Browning was born, and from that time on her letters,
+quite like the letters of any unliterary mother, are full of the
+wonderful doings of this child. Not that her interest in things literary
+flagged in the least; she read everything which the libraries of Italy
+afforded, or which her friends could send to her--novels, for which she
+confessed to a great liking; poems, political pamphlets, newspapers, all
+that came to her hand. Her longest and greatest poem, _Aurora Leigh_,
+was written during her Italian years. While the story of the poem is in
+no sense autobiographical, the heroine is in her beliefs and her ideals
+Mrs. Browning's self, and this was the poem by which she felt herself
+most willing to be judged.
+
+Broken by several trips to England and by excursions to the most
+beautiful parts of Italy, the years slipped by in uneventful happiness.
+Many friends visited the Brownings, and all came away wondering and
+delighted at the perfect family life they had been allowed to witness.
+Frail always, Mrs. Browning was spoken of by acquaintances in her later
+years as seeming "scarce embodied at all."
+
+In June, 1861, Mrs. Browning had an attack of bronchial trouble and on
+the night of the twenty-ninth, alone in the room with her husband, she
+died; and one writer says "none ever saw Browning upon earth again, but
+only a splendid surface." Mrs. Browning was buried at Florence, the city
+she had loved. Upon the wall of Casa Guidi, the building in which she
+had lived, the citizens, grateful for her love and understanding of
+them, placed a marble tablet in her memory.
+
+The wonderful thing about Elizabeth Barrett Browning is that from her
+weakness should have come poems of such strength. There was nothing
+morbid in the words which came from her hushed, darkened sick room.
+Indeed, her spirit was never tamed, and she herself confessed that one
+of her faults was "head-longness;" that she snatched parcels open
+instead of untying the string, and tore letters instead of cutting them.
+In Browning's poems, which contain numerous beautiful allusions to her,
+there is nothing more beautiful and more descriptive than the lines--
+
+    "O lyric love, half angel and half bird,
+    And all a wonder and a wild desire."
+
+
+
+
+DON QUIXOTE
+
+_By_ CERVANTES
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY NOTE
+
+Unlike many of his class, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, the greatest of
+the old Spanish writers, was born to a changeful and busy life. The year
+1547 marked his birth, and during the sixty-nine years of his life he
+was constantly in action.
+
+He served as a soldier in the war against the Turks, and at the Battle
+of Lepanto, where he lost the use of his left hand, and in other battles
+in which he took part, he showed great bravery and won a reputation of
+the highest kind. While returning in 1575 from Italy to Spain, he was
+captured by Algerian pirates and was sold in Algiers as a slave.
+Throughout his five years' captivity, he was constantly threatened with
+torture, but at no time did his courage fail him. Finally his widowed
+mother and his sister, helped by some of their friends, none of whom
+were by any means wealthy, succeeded in getting together sufficient
+money to ransom him, and immediately on his return to Spain he rejoined
+his old regiment.
+
+Cervantes had written verses before the beginning of his military
+career, but had won no name for himself. By 1583, however, he seems to
+have determined to devote the rest of his life to literature, and in
+that year he again began writing verses. For a number of years he earned
+his livelihood by writing for the stage, but few of his plays survive.
+
+In 1605 there appeared the first part of the work which made Cervantes
+famous, and which has kept his name before the world ever since. This
+was the inimitable _Don Quixote_, which gives the burlesque adventures
+of the self-styled "Knight of the Rueful Countenance." This book was not
+intended to satirize knight-errantry itself, for that had long before
+died out in Spain. What it did aim to do was to make ridiculous the
+romances of chivalry over which all Spain at the time of Cervantes
+seemed to have gone mad. How well Cervantes succeeded in his aim may be
+known from the fact that after the appearance of his masterpiece, no new
+romance of chivalry was published in Spain.
+
+The hero of this great work, Don Quixote, is presented as the most
+courteous and affable of gentlemen, wise on all points except those
+pertaining to chivalry. It was not only, however, the masterly drawing
+of the characters of Don Quixote and his squire, Sancho Panza, which
+made the book popular; the inexhaustible fund of humor has made it to
+the present day a book which every one delights to read.
+
+The following selections from _Don Quixote_ describe some of the typical
+adventures of the gallant "Knight of the Rueful Countenance," and will
+serve to give the reader an idea of the book.
+
+
+DON QUIXOTE PREPARES TO SET OUT ON HIS ADVENTURES
+
+In a village of La Mancha there lived not long since one of those
+gentlemen that keep a lance in the lance-rack, an old buckler, a lean
+hack, and a greyhound for coursing. An olla[433-1] of rather more beef
+than mutton, a salad on most nights, scraps on Saturdays, lentils on
+Fridays, and a pigeon or so extra on Sundays, made away with
+three-quarters of his income. The rest of it went in a doublet of fine
+cloth, and velvet breeches and shoes to match for holidays, while on
+week days he made a brave figure in his best homespun. He had in his
+house a housekeeper past forty, a niece under twenty, and a lad for the
+field and market-place, who used to saddle the hack as well as handle
+the bill-hook. The age of this gentlemen of ours was bordering on fifty,
+he was of a hardy habit, spare, gaunt-featured, a very early riser and a
+great sportsman. They will have it his surname was Quixada or Quesada
+(for here there is some difference of opinion among the authors who
+write on the subject), although from reasonable conjectures it seems
+plain that he was called Quixana. This, however, is of but little
+importance to our tale; it will be enough not to stray a hair's breadth
+from the truth in the telling of it.
+
+You must know, then, that the above-named gentleman whenever he was at
+leisure (which was mostly all the year round) gave himself up to
+reading books of chivalry with such ardor and avidity that he almost
+entirely neglected the pursuit of his field-sports, and even the
+management of his property; and to such a pitch did his eagerness and
+infatuation go that he sold many an acre of tillage-land to buy books of
+chivalry to read, and brought home as many of them as he could get.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In short, his wits being quite gone, he hit upon the strangest notion
+that ever madman in this world hit upon, and that was that he fancied it
+was right and requisite, as well for the support of his own honor as for
+the service of his country, that he should make a knight-errant of
+himself, roaming the world over in full armor and on horseback in quest
+of adventures, and putting in practice himself all that he had read of
+as being the usual practices of knights-errant; righting every kind of
+wrong, and exposing himself to peril and danger from which, in the
+issue, he was to reap eternal renown and fame. Already the poor man saw
+himself crowned by the might of his arm Emperor of Trebizond at least;
+and so, led away by the intense enjoyment he found in these pleasant
+fancies, he set himself forthwith to put his scheme into execution.
+
+The first thing he did was to clean up some armor that had belonged to
+his great-grandfather, and had been for ages lying forgotten in a corner
+eaten with rust and covered with mildew. He scoured and polished it as
+best he could, but he perceived one great defect in it, that it had no
+closed helmet, nothing but a simple morion.[434-2] This deficiency,
+however, his ingenuity supplied, for he contrived a kind of half-helmet
+of pasteboard which, fitted on to the morion, looked like a whole one.
+It is true that, in order to see if it was strong and fit to stand a
+cut, he drew his sword and gave it a couple of slashes, the first of
+which undid in an instant what had taken him a week to do. The ease with
+which he had knocked it to pieces disconcerted him somewhat, and to
+guard against that danger he set to work again, fixing bars of iron on
+the inside until he was satisfied with its strength; and then, not
+caring to try any more experiments with it, he passed it and adopted it
+as a helmet of the most perfect construction.
+
+He next proceeded to inspect his hack, which surpassed in his eyes the
+Bucephalus[435-3] of Alexander or the Babieca of the Cid.[435-4] Four
+days were spent in thinking what name to give him, because (as he said
+to himself) it was not right that a horse belonging to a knight so
+famous, and one with such merits of his own, should be without some
+distinctive name, and he strove to adapt it so as to indicate what he
+had been before belonging to a knight-errant, and what he then was; for
+it was only reasonable that, his master taking a new character, he
+should take a new name, and that it should be a distinguished and
+full-sounding one, befitting the new order and calling he was about to
+follow. And so, after having composed, struck out, rejected, added to,
+unmade, and remade a multitude of names out of his memory and fancy, he
+decided upon calling him Rocinante, a name, to his thinking, lofty,
+sonorous, and significant of his condition as a hack before he became
+what he was now, the first and foremost of all the hacks in the
+world.[436-5]
+
+Having got a name for his horse so much to his taste, he was anxious to
+get one for himself, and he was eight days more pondering over this
+point, till at last he made up his mind to call himself Don Quixote,
+whence, as has been already said, the authors of this veracious history
+have inferred that his name must have been beyond a doubt Quixada, and
+not Quesada as others would have it. Recollecting, however, that the
+valiant Amadis[436-6] was not content to call himself curtly Amadis and
+nothing more, but added the name of his kingdom and country to make it
+famous, and called himself Amadis of Gaul, he, like a good knight,
+resolved to add on the name of his, and to style himself Don Quixote of
+La Mancha, whereby, he considered, he described accurately his origin
+and country, and did honor to it in taking his surname from it.
+
+So then, his armor being furbished, his morion turned into a helmet, his
+hack christened, and he himself confirmed, he came to the conclusion
+that nothing more was needed now but to look out for a lady to be in
+love with; for a knight-errant without love was like a tree without
+leaves or fruit, or a body without a soul. As he said to himself, "If,
+for my sins, or by my good fortune, I come across some giant
+hereabouts, a common occurrence with knights-errant, and overthrow him
+in one onslaught, or cleave him asunder to the waist, or, in short,
+vanquish and subdue him, will it not be well to have some one I may send
+him to as a present, that he may come in and fall on his knees before my
+sweet lady, and in a humble, submissive voice say, 'I am the giant
+Caraculiambro, lord of the island of Malindrania, vanquished in single
+combat by the never sufficiently extolled knight Don Quixote of La
+Mancha, who has commanded me to present myself before your Grace, that
+your Highness dispose of me at your pleasure'?" Oh, how our good
+gentleman enjoyed the delivery of this speech, especially when he had
+thought of some one to call his Lady! There was, so the story goes, in a
+village near his own a very good-looking farm girl with whom he had been
+at one time in love, though, so far as is known, she never knew it nor
+gave a thought to the matter. Her name was Aldonza Lorenzo, and upon her
+he thought fit to confer the title of Lady of his Thoughts; and after
+some search for a name which should not be out of harmony with his own,
+and should suggest and indicate that of a princess and great lady, he
+decided upon calling her Dulcinea del Toboso--she being of El Toboso--a
+name, to his mind, musical, uncommon, and significant, like all those he
+had already bestowed upon himself and the things belonging to him.
+
+
+THE ADVENTURE OF THE WINDMILLS
+
+Upon the plain they came in sight of thirty or forty windmills, and as
+soon as Don Quixote saw them he said to his squire, "Fortune is
+arranging matters for us better than we could have shaped our desires
+ourselves, for look there, friend Sancho Panza,[438-1] where thirty or
+more monstrous giants present themselves, all of whom I mean to engage
+in battle and slay, and with whose spoils we shall begin to make our
+fortunes; for this is righteous warfare, and it is God's good service to
+sweep so evil a breed from off the face of the earth."
+
+"What giants?" said Sancho Panza.
+
+"Those thou seest there," answered his master, "with the long arms, and
+some have them nearly two leagues long."
+
+"Look, your worship," said Sancho, "what we see there are not giants but
+windmills, and what seem to be their arms are the sails that turned by
+the wind make the millstone go."
+
+"It is easy to see," replied Don Quixote, "that thou art not used to
+this business of adventures: those are giants; and if thou art afraid,
+away with thee out of this and betake thyself to prayer while I engage
+them in fierce and unequal combat."
+
+[Illustration: DON QUIXOTE TILTS WITH THE WIND MILLS]
+
+So saying, he gave the spur to his steed Rocinante, heedless of the
+cries his squire Sancho sent after him, warning him that most certainly
+they were windmills and not giants he was going to attack. He, however,
+was so positive they were giants that he neither heard the cries of
+Sancho, nor perceived, near as he was, what they were, but made at them
+shouting, "Fly not, cowards and vile beings, for it is a single knight
+that attacks you."
+
+A slight breeze at this moment sprang up, and the great sails began to
+move, seeing which Don Quixote exclaimed, "Though ye flourish more arms
+than the giant Briareus,[440-2] ye have to reckon with me."
+
+So saying, and commending himself with all his heart to his lady
+Dulcinea, imploring her to support him in such a peril, with lance in
+rest and covered by his buckler, he charged at Rocinante's fullest
+gallop and fell upon the first mill that stood in front of him; but as
+he drove his lance-point into the sail the wind whirled it round with
+such force that it shivered the lance to pieces, sweeping with it horse
+and rider, who went rolling over on the plain, in a sorry condition.
+Sancho hastened to his assistance as fast as his ass could go, and when
+he came up found him unable to move, with such a shock had Rocinante
+fallen with him.
+
+"God bless me!" said Sancho, "did I not tell your worship to mind what
+you were about, for they were only windmills? and no one could have made
+any mistake about it but one who had something of the same kind in his
+head."
+
+"Hush, friend Sancho," replied Don Quixote; "the fortunes of war more
+than any other are liable to frequent fluctuations; and moreover I
+think, and it is the truth, that some sage[440-3] turned these giants
+into mills in order to rob me of the glory of vanquishing them, such is
+the enmity he bears me; but in the end his wicked arts will avail but
+little against my good sword."
+
+"God order it as he may," said Sancho Panza, and helping him to rise got
+him up again on Rocinante, whose shoulder was half out; and then,
+discussing the late adventure, they followed the road to Puerto Lapice,
+for there, said Don Quixote, they could not fail to find adventure, as
+it was a great thoroughfare.
+
+Finally they passed the night among some trees, from one of which Don
+Quixote plucked a dry branch to serve him as a lance, and fixed on it
+the head he had removed from the broken one.
+
+
+MAMBRINO'S HELMET
+
+Rain fell in gentle drops, and Sancho was for going into the fulling
+mills,[441-1] but Don Quixote had taken such a disgust to them on
+account of the late joke that he would not enter them on any account; so
+turning aside to the right they came upon another road, different from
+that which they had taken the night before. Shortly afterwards Don
+Quixote perceived a man on horseback who wore on his head something that
+shone like gold, and the moment he saw him he turned to Sancho and said,
+"I think, Sancho, there is no proverb that is not true, all being maxims
+drawn from experience itself, the mother of all sciences, especially
+that one that says, 'Where one door shuts, another opens.' I say so
+because if last night fortune shut the door of the adventure we were
+looking for against us, cheating us with the fulling mills, it now opens
+wide another one for better and more certain adventure, and if I do not
+contrive to enter it, it will be my own fault, and I cannot lay it to my
+ignorance of fulling mills, or the darkness of the night. I say this
+because, if I mistake not, there comes toward us one who wears on his
+head the helmet of Mambrino,[442-2] concerning which I took the oath
+thou rememberest."
+
+"Mind what you say, your worship, and still more what you do," said
+Sancho, "for I don't want any more fulling mills to finish off fulling
+and knocking our senses out."
+
+"The devil take thee, man," said Don Quixote; "what has a helmet to do
+with fulling mills?"
+
+"I don't know," replied Sancho, "but, faith, if I might speak as I used,
+perhaps I could give such reasons that your worship would see you were
+mistaken in what you say."
+
+"How can I be mistaken in what I say, unbelieving traitor?" returned Don
+Quixote. "Tell me, seest thou not yonder knight coming towards us on a
+dappled gray steed, who has upon his head a helmet of gold?"
+
+"What I see and make out," answered Sancho, "is only a man on a gray ass
+like my own, who has something that shines on his head."
+
+"Well, that is the helmet of Mambrino," said Don Quixote; "stand to one
+side and leave me alone with him; thou shalt see how, without saying a
+word, I shall bring this adventure to an issue and possess myself of the
+helmet I have so longed for."
+
+"I will take care to stand aside," said Sancho; "but God grant, I say
+once more, that it may not be fulling mills again."
+
+"I have told thee, brother, on no account to mention those fulling mills
+to me again," said Don Quixote, "or I vow--and I say no more--I'll full
+the soul out of you."
+
+Sancho held his peace in dread lest his master should carry out the vow
+he had hurled like a bowl at him.
+
+The fact of the matter as regards the helmet, steed, and knight that Don
+Quixote saw, was this: In that neighborhood there were two villages, one
+of them so small that it had neither apothecary's shop, nor barber,
+which the other that was close to it had; so the barber of the larger
+served the smaller; and in it there was a sick man who required to be
+bled and another man who wanted to be shaved, and on this errand the
+barber was going, carrying with him a brass basin; but as luck would
+have it, as he was on the way it began to rain, and not to spoil his
+hat, which probably was a new one, he put the basin on his head, and
+being clean it glittered at half a league's distance. He rode upon a
+gray ass, as Sancho said, and this was what made it seem to Don Quixote
+to be a dapple-gray steed and a knight and a golden helmet; for
+everything he saw he made to fall in with his crazy chivalry and ill
+errant notions; and when he saw the poor knight draw near, without
+entering into any parley with him, at Rocinante's top speed he bore down
+upon him with the pike pointed low, fully determined to run him through
+and through, and as he reached him, without checking the fury of his
+charge, he cried to him, "Defend thyself, miserable being, or yield me
+of thine own accord that which is so reasonably my due."
+
+[Illustration: "DEFEND THYSELF, MISERABLE BEING!"]
+
+The barber, who without any expectation or apprehension of it saw this
+apparition coming down upon him, had no other way of saving himself from
+the stroke of the lance but to let himself fall off his ass; and no
+sooner had he touched the ground than he sprang up more nimbly than a
+deer and sped away across the plain faster than the wind.
+
+He left the basin on the ground, with which Don Quixote contented
+himself, saying that the pagan had shown his discretion and imitated the
+beaver, which finding himself pressed by the hunters bites and cuts off
+with its teeth that for which by its natural instinct, it knows it is
+pursued.
+
+He told Sancho to pick up the helmet, and he, taking it in his hands,
+said, "By God the basin is a good one, and worth a piece of eight[445-3]
+if it is worth a maravedi," and handed it to his master, who immediately
+put it on his head, turning it round, now this way, now that, in search
+of the visor. Not finding it he said, "Clearly the pagan to whose
+measure this famous headpiece was first forged must have had a very
+large head; but the worst of it is half of it is wanting."
+
+When Sancho heard him call the basin a headpiece he was unable to
+restrain his laughter, but remembering his master's wrath he checked
+himself in the midst of it.
+
+"What art thou laughing at, Sancho?" said Don Quixote.
+
+"I am laughing," said he, "to think of the great head the pagan must
+have had who owned this helmet, for it looks exactly like a regular
+barber's basin."
+
+"Dost thou know what I suspect, Sancho?" said Don Quixote; "that this
+wonderful piece of this enchanted helmet must by some strange accident
+have come into the hands of some one who was unable to recognize or
+realize its value, and who, not knowing what he did, and seeing it to
+be of the purest gold, must have melted down one half for the sake of
+what it might be worth, and of the other made this which is like a
+barber's basin, as thou sayest; but be it as it may, to me who recognize
+it, its transformation makes no difference, for I will set it to rights
+at the first village where there is a blacksmith, and in such style that
+that helmet the god of smithies[446-4] forged for the god of battles
+shall not surpass it or even come up to it; and in the meantime I will
+wear it as well as I can, for something is better than nothing; all the
+more as it will be quite enough to protect me from any chance blow of a
+stone."
+
+"Will your worship," said Sancho, "tell me what are we to do with this
+dapple-gray steed that looks like a gray ass, which that Martino[446-5]
+that your worship overthrew has left deserted here? for, from the way he
+took to his heels and bolted, he is not likely ever to come back for it;
+and by my beard but the gray is a good one."
+
+"I have never been in the habit," said Don Quixote, "of taking spoil of
+those whom I vanquish, nor is it the practice of chivalry to take away
+their horses and leave them to go on foot, unless indeed it be that the
+victor have lost his own in the combat, in which case it is lawful to
+take that of the vanquished as a thing won in lawful war; therefore,
+Sancho, leave this horse, or ass, or whatever thou wilt have it to be;
+for when its owner sees us gone hence he will come back for it."
+
+"God knows I should like to take it," returned Sancho, "or at least to
+change it for my own, which does not seem to me as good a one; verily
+the laws of chivalry are strict, since they cannot be stretched to let
+one ass be changed for another; I should like to know if I might at
+least change trappings."
+
+"On that head I am not quite certain," answered Don Quixote, "and the
+matter being doubtful, pending better information, I say thou mayest
+change them, if so be thou hast urgent need of them."
+
+"So urgent is it," answered Sancho, "that if they were for my own person
+I could not want them more;" and forthwith, fortified by this license,
+he effected the change, and rigged out his beast to the ninety-nines,
+making quite another thing of it. This done, they broke their fast on
+the remains of the spoils of war plundered from the sumpter mule, and
+drank of the brook that flowed from the fulling mills, without casting a
+look in that direction, in such loathing did they hold them for the
+alarm they had caused them; and, all anger and gloom removed, they
+mounted and, without taking any fixed road (not to fix upon any being
+the proper thing for true knights-errant), they set out, guided by
+Rocinante's will, which carried along with it that of his master, not to
+say that of the ass, which always followed him wherever he led, lovingly
+and sociably; nevertheless they returned to the high road, and pursued
+it at a venture without any other aim.
+
+
+DON QUIXOTE'S ENCOUNTER WITH THE LIONS
+
+When the author of this great history came to relate what is set down in
+this chapter he would have preferred to pass it over in silence, fearing
+it would not be believed, because here Don Quixote's madness reaches the
+confines of the greatest that can be conceived, and even goes a couple
+of bowshots beyond the greatest. But after all, though still under the
+same fear and apprehension, he has recorded it without adding to the
+story or leaving out a particle of the truth, and entirely disregarding
+the charges of falsehood that might be brought against him.
+
+When Don Quixote called Sancho to bring his helmet, Sancho was buying
+some curds the shepherds agreed to sell him, and flurried by the great
+haste his master was in did not know what to do with them or what to
+carry them in; so, not to lose them, for he had already paid for them,
+he thought it best to throw them into his master's helmet, and acting on
+this bright idea he went to see what his master wanted with him. He, as
+he approached, exclaimed to him, "Give me that helmet, my friend, for
+either I know little of adventures, or what I observe yonder is one that
+will, and does, call upon me to arm myself."
+
+He of the green gaban,[448-1] hearing this, looked in all directions,
+but could perceive nothing except a cart coming towards them with two or
+three small flags, which led him to conclude it must be carrying
+treasure of the King's, and he said so to Don Quixote. He, however,
+would not believe him, being always persuaded and convinced that all
+that happened to him must be adventures and still more adventures; so he
+replied to the gentleman, "He who is prepared has his battle half
+fought; nothing is lost by my preparing myself, for I know by experience
+that I have enemies, visible and invisible, and I know not when or
+where, or at what moment, or in what shapes they will attack me;" and
+turning to Sancho he called for his helmet; and Sancho, as he had no
+time to take out the curds, had to give it as it was.
+
+Don Quixote took it, and without perceiving what was in it, thrust it
+down in hot haste upon his head; but as the curds were pressed and
+squeezed the whey began to run all over his face and beard, whereat he
+was so startled that he cried out to Sancho, "Sancho, what's this? I
+think my head is softening, or my brains are melting, or I am sweating
+from head to foot! If I am sweating it is not indeed from fear. I am
+convinced beyond a doubt that the adventure which is about to befall me
+is a terrible one. Give me something to wipe myself with, if thou hast
+it, for this profuse sweat is blinding me."
+
+Sancho held his tongue, and gave him a cloth, and gave thanks to God at
+the same time that his master had not found out what was the matter. Don
+Quixote then wiped himself, and took off his helmet to see what it was
+that made his head feel so cool, and seeing all that white mash inside
+his helmet, he put it to his nose, and as soon as he had smelled it he
+exclaimed, "By the life of my lady Dulcinea del Toboso, but it is curds
+thou has put here, thou treacherous, impudent, ill-mannered squire!"
+
+To which, with great composure and pretended innocence, Sancho replied,
+"If they are curds let me have them, your worship, and I'll eat them;
+but let the devil eat them, for it must have been he who put them there.
+I dare to dirty your worship's helmet! You have guessed the offender
+finely! Faith, sir, by the light God gives me, it seems I must have
+enchanters too, that persecute me as a creature and limb of your
+worship, and they must have put that nastiness there in order to provoke
+your patience to anger, and make you baste my ribs as you are wont to
+do. Well, this time, indeed, they have missed their aim, for I trust to
+my master's good sense to see that I have got no curds or milk, or
+anything of the sort; and that if I had, it is in my stomach I would put
+it and not in the helmet."
+
+"May be so," said Don Quixote. All this the gentleman was observing, and
+with astonishment, more especially when, after having wiped himself
+clean, his head, face, beard, and helmet, Don Quixote put it on, and
+settling himself firmly in his stirrups, easing his sword in the
+scabbard, and grasping his lance, he cried, "Now come who will, here am
+I, ready to try conclusions with Satan himself in person!"
+
+By this time the cart with the flags had come up, unattended by any one
+except the carter on a mule, and a man sitting in front. Don Quixote
+planted himself before it and said, "Whither are you going, brothers?
+What cart is this? What have you got in it? What flags are those?"
+
+To this the carter replied, "The cart is mine; what is in it is a pair
+of fine caged lions, which the governor of Oran is sending to court as a
+present to his Majesty; and the flags are our lord the King's, to show
+that what is here is his property."
+
+"And are the lions large?" asked Don Quixote.
+
+"So large," replied the man who sat at the door of the cart, "that
+larger, or as large, have never crossed from Africa to Spain; I am the
+keeper, and I have brought over others, but never any like these. They
+are male and female; the male is in that first cage and the female in
+the one behind, and they are hungry now, for they have eaten nothing
+to-day, so let your worship stand aside, for we must make haste to the
+place where we are to feed them."
+
+Hereupon, smiling slightly, Don Quixote exclaimed, "Lion-whelps to me!
+to me whelps of lions, and at such a time! Then, by God! those gentlemen
+who send them here shall see if I am a man to be frightened by lions.
+Get down, my good fellow, and as you are the keeper open the cages, and
+turn me out those beasts, and in the midst of this plain I will let them
+know who Don Quixote of La Mancha is, in spite and in the teeth of the
+enchanters who send them to me."
+
+"So, so," said the gentleman to himself at this; "our worthy knight has
+shown of what sort he is; the curds, no doubt, have softened his skull
+and brought his brains to a head."
+
+At this instant Sancho came up to him, saying, "Señor, for God's sake do
+something to keep my master, Don Quixote, from tackling these lions; for
+if he does they'll tear us all to pieces here."
+
+"Is your master then so mad," asked the gentleman, "that you believe and
+are afraid he will engage such fierce animals?"
+
+"He is not mad," said Sancho, "but he is venturesome."
+
+"I will prevent it," said the gentleman; and going over to Don Quixote,
+who was insisting upon the keeper's opening the cages, he said to him,
+"Sir Knight, knights-errant should attempt adventures which encourage
+the hope of a successful issue, not those which entirely withhold it;
+for valor that trenches upon temerity savors rather of madness than of
+courage; moreover, these lions do not come to oppose you, nor do they
+dream of such a thing; they are going as presents to his Majesty, and it
+will not be right to stop them or delay their journey."
+
+"Gentle sir," replied Don Quixote, "you go and mind your tame partridge
+and your bold ferret, and leave every one to manage his own business;
+this is mine, and I know whether these gentlemen the lions come to me or
+not"; and then turning to the keeper he exclaimed, "By all that's good,
+sir scoundrel, if you don't open the cages this very instant, I'll pin
+you to the cart with this lance."
+
+The carter, seeing the determination of this apparition in armor, said
+to him, "Please your worship, for charity's sake, señor, let me unyoke
+the mules and place myself in safety along with them before the lions
+are turned out; for if they kill them on me I am ruined for life, for
+all I possess is this cart and mules."
+
+"O man of little faith," replied Don Quixote, "get down and unyoke; you
+will soon see that you are exerting yourself for nothing, and that you
+might have spared yourself the trouble."
+
+The carter got down and with all speed unyoked the mules, and the keeper
+called out at the top of his voice, "I call all here to witness that
+against my will and under compulsion I open the cages and let the lions
+loose, and that I warn this gentleman that he will be accountable for
+all the harm and mischief which these beasts may do, and for my salary
+and dues as well. You, gentlemen, place yourselves in safety before I
+open, for I know they will do me no harm."
+
+Once more the gentleman strove to persuade Don Quixote not to do such a
+mad thing, as it was tempting God to engage in such a piece of folly. To
+this, Don Quixote replied that he knew what he was about. The gentleman
+entreated him to reflect, for he knew he was under a delusion.
+
+"Well, señor," answered Don Quixote, "if you do not like to be a
+spectator of this tragedy, as in your opinion it will be, spur your
+flea-bitten mare and place yourself in safety."
+
+Hearing this, Sancho with tears in his eyes entreated him to give up an
+enterprise compared with which the one of the windmills, and the awful
+one of the fulling mills, and, in fact, all the feats he had attempted
+in the whole course of his life, were cakes and fancy bread. "Look ye,
+señor," said Sancho, "there's no enchantment here, nor anything of the
+sort, for between the bars and chinks of the cage I have seen the paw of
+a real lion, and judging by that I reckon the lion such a paw could
+belong to must be bigger than a mountain."
+
+"Fear, at any rate," replied Don Quixote, "will make him look bigger to
+thee than half the world. Retire, Sancho, and leave me; and if I die
+here thou knowest our old compact; thou wilt repair to Dulcinea--I say
+no more." To these he added some further words that banished all hope of
+his giving up his insane project. He of the green gaban would have
+offered resistance, but he found himself ill-matched as to arms, and did
+not think it prudent to come to blows with a madman, for such Don
+Quixote had shown himself to be in every respect; and the latter,
+renewing his commands to the keeper and repeating his threats, gave
+warning to the gentleman to spur his mare, Sancho his Dapple, and the
+carter his mules, all striving to get away from the cart as far as they
+could before the lions broke loose. Sancho was weeping over his master's
+death, for this time he firmly believed it was in store for him from the
+claws of the lions; and he cursed his fate and called it an unlucky hour
+when he thought of taking service with him again; but with all his tears
+and lamentations he did not forget to thrash Dapple so as to put a good
+space between himself and the cart. The keeper, seeing that the
+fugitives were now some distance off, once more entreated and warned Don
+Quixote as he had entreated and warned him before; but he replied that
+he heard him, and that he need not trouble himself with any further
+warnings or entreaties, as they would be fruitless, and bade him make
+haste.
+
+During the delay that occurred while the keeper was opening the first
+cage, Don Quixote was considering whether it would not be well to do
+battle on foot, instead of on horseback, and finally resolved to fight
+on foot, fearing that Rocinante might take fright at the sight of the
+lions; he therefore sprang off his horse, flung his lance aside, braced
+his buckler on his arm, and drawing his sword, advanced slowly with
+marvelous intrepidity and resolute courage, to plant himself in front of
+the cart, commending himself with all his heart, first to God, and then
+to his lady Dulcinea.
+
+[Illustration: THE LION PUT HIS HEAD OUT OF THE CAGE]
+
+The keeper, seeing that Don Quixote had taken up his position, and that
+it was impossible for him to avoid letting out the male without
+incurring the enmity of the fiery and daring knight, flung open the
+doors of the first cage, containing, as has been said, the lion, which
+was now seen to be of enormous size, and grim and hideous mien. The
+first thing he did was to turn round in the cage in which he lay, and
+protrude his claws, and stretch himself thoroughly; he next opened his
+mouth, and yawned very leisurely, and with near two palms'-length of
+tongue that he had thrust forth, he licked the dust out of his eyes and
+washed his face; having done this, he put his head out of the cage and
+looked all round with eyes like glowing coals, a spectacle and demeanor
+to strike terror into temerity itself. Don Quixote merely observed him
+steadily, longing for him to leap from the cart and come to close
+quarters with him, when he hoped to hew him in pieces.
+
+So far did his unparalleled madness go; but the noble lion, more
+courteous than arrogant, not troubling himself about silly bravado,
+after having looked all round, as has been said, turned about and
+presented his hind-quarters to Don Quixote, and very coolly and
+tranquilly lay down again in the cage. Seeing this, Don Quixote ordered
+the keeper to take a stick to him and provoke him to make him come out.
+
+"That I won't," said the keeper, "for if I anger him, the first he'll
+tear to pieces will be myself. Be satisfied, sir knight, with what you
+have done, which leaves nothing more to be said on the score of courage,
+and do not seek to tempt fortune a second time. The lion has the door
+open; he is free to come out or not to come out; but as he has not come
+out so far, he will not come out to-day. The greatness of your worship's
+courage has been fully manifested already; no brave champion, so it
+strikes me, is bound to do more than challenge his enemy and wait for
+him on the field; if his adversary does not come, on him lies the
+disgrace, and he who waits for him carries off the crown of victory."
+
+"That is true," said Don Quixote; "close the door, my friend, and let me
+have, in the best form thou canst, what thou hast seen me do, by way of
+certificate; to wit, that thou didst open for the lion, that I waited
+for him, that he did not come out, that I still waited for him, and that
+still he did not come out, and lay down again. I am not bound to do
+more; enchantments avaunt, and God uphold the right, the truth, and true
+chivalry! Close the door as I bade thee, while I make signals to the
+fugitives that have left us, that they may learn this exploit from my
+lips."
+
+The keeper obeyed, and Don Quixote, fixing on the point of his lance the
+cloth he had wiped his face with after the deluge of curds, proceeded to
+recall the others, who still continued to fly, looking back at every
+step, all in a body, the gentleman bringing up the rear. Sancho,
+however, happening to observe the signal of the white cloth, exclaimed,
+"May I die, if my master has not overcome the wild beasts, for he is
+calling to us."
+
+They all stopped, and perceived that it was Don Quixote who was making
+signals, and shaking off their fears to some extent, they approached
+slowly until they were near enough to hear distinctly Don Quixote's
+voice calling to them. They returned at length to the cart, and as they
+came up, Don Quixote said to the carter, "Put your mules to once more,
+brother, and continue your journey; and do thou, Sancho, give him two
+gold crowns for himself and the keeper, to compensate for the delay they
+have incurred through me."
+
+"That will I give with all my heart," said Sancho; "but what has become
+of the lions? Are they dead or alive?"
+
+The keeper, then described the end of the contest, exalting to the best
+of his power and ability the valor of Don Quixote, at the sight of whom
+the lion quailed, and would not and dared not come out of the cage,
+although he had held the door open ever so long; and showing how, in
+consequence of his having represented to the knight that it was tempting
+God to provoke the lion in order to force him out, which he wished to
+have done, he very reluctantly, and altogether against his will, had
+allowed the door to be closed.
+
+"What dost thou think of this, Sancho?" said Don Quixote. "Are there any
+enchantments that can prevail against true valor? The enchanters may be
+able to rob me of good fortune, but of fortitude and courage they can
+not."
+
+Sancho paid the crowns, the carter put to, the keeper kissed Don
+Quixote's hands for the bounty bestowed upon him, and promised to give
+an account of the valiant exploit to the King himself, as soon as he saw
+him at court.
+
+"Then," said Don Quixote, "if his Majesty should happen to ask who
+performed it, you must say The Knight of the Lions; for it is my desire
+that into this the name I have hitherto borne of Knight of the Rueful
+Countenance be from this time forward changed, altered, transformed, and
+turned."
+
+
+THE ADVENTURE OF THE ENCHANTED BARK
+
+Upon proceeding with their journey, they discovered a small boat,
+without oars or any other gear, that lay at the water's edge tied to the
+stem of a tree growing on the bank. Don Quixote looked all around, and
+seeing nobody, at once, without more ado, dismounted from Rocinante and
+bade Sancho get down from Dapple and tie both beasts securely to the
+trunk of a poplar or willow that stood there. Sancho asked him the
+reason of this sudden dismounting and tying. Don Quixote made answer,
+"Thou must know, Sancho, that this bark here is plainly, and without the
+possibility of any alternative, calling and inviting me to enter it, and
+in it go to give aid to some knight or other person of distinction in
+need of it, who is no doubt in some sore strait; for this is the way of
+the books of chivalry and of the enchanters who figure and speak in
+them. When a knight is involved in some difficulty from which he cannot
+be delivered save by the hand of another knight, though they may be at a
+distance of two or three thousand leagues or more one from the other,
+they either take him up on a cloud, or they provide a bark for him to
+get into, and in less than the twinkling of an eye they carry him where
+they will and where his help is required; and so, Sancho, this bark is
+placed here for the same purpose; this is as true as that it is now day,
+and ere this one passes tie Dapple and Rocinante together, and then in
+God's hand be it to guide us; for I would not hold back from embarking,
+though bare-footed friars were to beg me."
+
+"As that's the case," said Sancho, "and your worship chooses to give in
+to these--I don't know if I may call them absurdities--at every turn,
+there's nothing for it but to obey and bow the head, bearing in mind the
+proverb, 'Do as thy master bids thee, and sit down to table with him;'
+but for all that, for the sake of easing my conscience, I want to warn
+your worship that it is my opinion this bark is no enchanted one, but
+belongs to some of the fishermen of the river, for they catch the best
+shad in the world here."
+
+As Sancho said this, he tied the beasts, leaving them to the care and
+protection of the enchanters with sorrow enough in his heart. Don
+Quixote bade him not be uneasy about deserting the animals, for he who
+would carry themselves over such longinquous roads and regions would
+take care to feed them.
+
+"I don't understand that logiquous," said Sancho, "nor have I ever heard
+the word all the days of my life."
+
+"Longinquous," replied Don Quixote, "means far off; but it is no wonder
+thou dost not understand it, for thou art not bound to know Latin, like
+some who pretend to know it and don't."
+
+"Now they are tied," said Sancho; "what are we to do next?"
+
+"What?" said Don Quixote, "cross ourselves and weigh anchor; I mean,
+embark and cut the moorings by which the bark is held;" and jumping into
+it, followed by Sancho, he cut the rope, and the bark began to drift
+away slowly from the bank. But when Sancho saw himself somewhere about
+two yards out in the river, he began to tremble and give himself up for
+lost; but nothing distressed him more than hearing Dapple bray and
+seeing Rocinante struggling to get loose, and said he to his master,
+"Dapple is braying in grief at our leaving him, and Rocinante is trying
+to escape and plunge in after us. O dear friends, peace be with you, and
+may this madness that is taking us away from you, turned into sober
+sense, bring us back to you."
+
+And with this he fell weeping so bitterly, that Don Quixote said to him,
+sharply and angrily, "What art thou afraid of, cowardly creature? What
+art thou weeping at, heart of butter-paste? Who pursues or molests thee,
+thou soul of a tame mouse? What dost thou want, unsatisfied in the very
+heart of abundance? Art thou, perchance, tramping barefoot over the
+mountains, instead of being seated on a bench like an archduke on the
+tranquil stream of this pleasant river, from which in a short space we
+shall come out upon the broad sea? But we must have already emerged and
+gone seven hundred or eight hundred leagues; and if I had here an
+astrolabe to take the altitude of the pole, I could tell thee how many
+we have traveled, though either I know little, or we have already
+crossed or shall shortly cross the equinoctial line which parts the two
+opposite poles midway."
+
+"And when we come to that line your worship speaks of," said Sancho,
+"how far shall we have gone?"
+
+"Very far," said Don Quixote, "for of the three hundred and sixty
+degrees that this terraqueous globe contains, as computed by Ptolemy,
+the greatest cosmographer known, we shall have traveled one-half when we
+come to the line I spoke of."
+
+"By God," said Sancho, "your worship gives me a nice authority for what
+you say, putrid Dolly something transmogrified, or whatever it is."
+
+Don Quixote laughed at the interpretation Sancho put upon "computed,"
+and the name of the cosmographer Ptolemy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"I can see with my own eyes," said Sancho, "that we have not moved five
+yards away from the bank, or shifted two yards from where the animals
+stand, for there are Rocinante and Dapple in the very same place where
+we left them; and watching a point, as I do now, I swear by all that's
+good, we are not stirring or moving at the pace of an ant."
+
+They now came in sight of some large water mills that stood in the
+middle of the river,[462-1] and the instant Don Quixote saw them he
+cried out to Sancho, "Seest thou there, my friend? there stands the
+city, castle, or fortress, where there is, no doubt, some knight in
+durance, or ill-used queen, or infanta, or princess, in aid of whom I am
+brought hither."
+
+"What the devil city, fortress, or castle is your worship talking about,
+señor?" said Sancho; "don't you see that those are mills that stand in
+the river to grind corn?"
+
+"Hold thy peace, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "though they look like mills
+they are not so; I have already told thee that enchantments transform
+things and change their proper shapes; I do not mean to say they really
+change them from one form into another, but that it seems as though they
+did, as experience proved in the transformation of Dulcinea, sole refuge
+of my hopes."
+
+By this time, the boat, having reached the middle of the stream, began
+to move less slowly than hitherto. The millers belonging to the mills,
+when they saw the boat coming down the river, and on the point of being
+sucked in by the draught of the wheels, ran out in haste, several of
+them, with long poles to stop it, and being all mealy, with faces and
+garments covered with flour, they presented a sinister appearance. They
+raised loud shouts, crying, "Devils of men, where are you going to? Are
+you mad? Do you want to drown yourselves, or dash yourselves to pieces
+among these wheels?"
+
+"Did I not tell thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote at this, "that we had
+reached the place where I am to show what the might of my arm can do?
+See what ruffians and villains come out against me; see what monsters
+oppose me; see what hideous countenances come to frighten us! You shall
+soon see, scoundrels!" And then standing up in the boat he began in a
+loud voice to hurl threats at the millers, exclaiming, "Ill-conditioned
+and worse-counselled rabble, restore to liberty and freedom the person
+ye hold in durance in this your fortress or prison, high or low or of
+whatever rank or quality he be, for I am Don Quixote of La Mancha,
+otherwise called the Knight of the Lions, for whom, by the disposition
+of Heaven above, it is reserved to give a happy issue to this
+adventure;" and so saying he drew his sword and began making passes in
+the air at the millers, who, hearing but not understanding all this
+nonsense, strove to stop the boat, which was now getting into the
+rushing channel of the wheels.
+
+[Illustration: SANCHO FELL ON HIS KNEES]
+
+Sancho, in very real despair, fell upon his knees devoutly appealing to
+Heaven to deliver him from such imminent peril; which it did by the
+activity and quickness of the millers, who, pushing against the boat
+with their poles, stopped it, not, however, without upsetting it and
+throwing Don Quixote and Sancho into the water; and lucky it was for Don
+Quixote that he could swim like a goose, though the weight of his armor
+carried him twice to the bottom; and had it not been for the millers,
+who plunged in and hoisted them both out, it would have been Troy town
+with the pair of them. As soon as, more drenched than thirsty, they were
+landed, Sancho went down on his knees and with clasped hands and eyes
+raised to heaven, prayed a long and fervent prayer to God to deliver him
+evermore from the rash projects and attempts of his master.
+
+The surprised fishermen, the owners of the boat, which the mill-wheels
+had knocked to pieces, now came up, and seeing it smashed they proceeded
+to strip Sancho and to demand payment for it from Don Quixote; but he
+with great calmness, just as if nothing had happened to him, told the
+millers and fishermen that he would pay for the bark most cheerfully, on
+condition that they delivered up to him, free and unhurt, the person or
+persons that were in durance in that castle of theirs.
+
+"What persons or what castle art thou talking of, madman?" said one of
+the millers; "art thou for carrying off the people who come to grind
+corn in these mills?"
+
+"That's enough," said Don Quixote to himself, "it would be preaching in
+the desert to attempt by entreaties to induce this rabble to do any
+virtuous action. In this adventure two mighty enchanters must have
+encountered one another, and one frustrates what the other attempts; one
+provided a bark for me, and the other upset me; God help us, this world
+is all machinations and schemes at cross purposes one with the other. I
+can do no more." And then turning towards the mills he said aloud,
+"Friends, whoe'er ye be that are immured in that prison, forgive me
+that, to my misfortune and yours, I cannot deliver you from your misery;
+this adventure is doubtless reserved and destined for some other
+knight."
+
+So saying he settled with the fishermen, and paid fifty reals for the
+boat, which Sancho handed to them very much against the grain, saying,
+"With a couple more bark businesses like this we shall have sunk our
+whole capital, which is none too large."
+
+The fishermen and the millers stood staring in amazement at the two
+figures, so very different to all appearance from ordinary men, and were
+wholly unable to make out the drift of the observations and questions
+Don Quixote addressed to them; and coming to the conclusion that they
+were madmen, they left them and betook themselves, the millers to their
+mills, and the fishermen to their huts.
+
+Whereupon Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, like a pair of senseless animals
+themselves, returned to the animals they had left, and thus ended the
+adventure of the enchanted bark.
+
+
+THE ADVENTURE OF THE WOODEN HORSE
+
+     NOTE.--Don Quixote and Sancho his squire, having encountered in a
+     forest a certain duke and his duchess, had been invited to pass
+     some time in the ducal palace. The duke and his friends, bent on
+     amusement, persuaded Don Quixote that a vile enchanter, angered at
+     some ladies, had for punishment caused heavy beards to grow on
+     their faces. They even showed him the ladies, impersonated, of
+     course, by men; and they persuaded him that the beards would be
+     removed if he, with his squire, would take a long ride on a famous
+     wooden horse, Clavileño.
+
+
+And now night came, and with it the appointed time for the arrival of
+the famous horse Clavileño, the non-appearance of which was already
+beginning to make Don Quixote uneasy, for it struck him that, as
+Malambruno[467-1] was so long about sending it, either he himself was
+not the knight for whom the adventure was reserved, or else Malambruno
+did not dare to meet him in single combat. But lo! suddenly there came
+into the garden four wild-men all clad in green ivy bearing on their
+shoulders a great wooden horse. They placed it on its feet on the
+ground, and one of the wild-men said, "Let the knight who has heart for
+it mount this machine."
+
+Here Sancho exclaimed, "I don't mount, for neither have I the heart nor
+am I a knight."
+
+"And let the squire, if he has one," continued the wild-man, "take his
+seat on the croup, and let him trust the valiant Malambruno; for by no
+sword save his, nor by the malice of any other, shall he be assailed.
+It is but to turn this peg the horse has in his neck, and he will bear
+them through the air to where Malambruno awaits them; but lest the vast
+elevation of their course should make them giddy, their eyes must be
+covered until the horse neighs, which will be the sign of their having
+completed their journey."
+
+With these words, leaving Clavileño behind them, they retired with easy
+dignity the way they came. As soon as the Distressed One[468-2] saw the
+horse, almost in tears she exclaimed to Don Quixote, "Valiant knight,
+the promise of Malambruno has proved trustworthy; the horse has come,
+our beards are growing, and by every hair in them we all of us implore
+thee to shave and shear us, as it is only mounting him with thy squire
+and making a happy beginning with your new journey."
+
+"That I will, Señora Countess Trifaldi," said Don Quixote, "most gladly
+and with right good will, without stopping to take a cushion or put on
+my spurs, so as not to lose time, such is my desire to see you,
+señora, and all these duennas shaved clean."
+
+"That I won't," said Sancho, "with good will or bad will or any way at
+all; and if this shaving can't be done without my mounting on the croup,
+my master had better look out for another squire to go with him, and
+these ladies for some other way of making their faces smooth; I'm no
+witch to have a taste for traveling through the air. What would my
+islanders say when they heard their governor was going strolling about
+on the winds?"[468-3]
+
+"Friend Sancho," said the duke at this, "the island that I have promised
+you is not a moving one, or one that will run away; it has roots so
+deeply buried in the bowels of the earth that it will be no easy matter
+to pluck it up or shift it from where it is; you know as well as I do
+that there is no sort of office of any importance that is not obtained
+by a bribe of some kind, great or small; well, then, that which I look
+to receive for this government is that you go with your master Don
+Quixote, and bring this memorable adventure to a conclusion; and whether
+you return on Clavileño as quickly as his speed seems to promise, or
+adverse fortune brings you back on foot traveling as a pilgrim from
+hostel to hostel and from inn to inn, you will always find your island
+on your return where you left it, and your islanders with the same
+eagerness they have always had to receive you as their governor, and my
+good will will remain the same; doubt not the truth of this, Señor
+Sancho, for that would be grievously wronging my disposition to serve
+you."
+
+"Say no more, señor," said Sancho; "I am a poor squire and not equal to
+carrying so much courtesy; let my master mount; bandage my eyes and
+commit me to God's care, and tell me if I may commend myself to our Lord
+or call upon the angels to protect me when we go towering up there."
+
+To this the Trifaldi[469-4] made answer, "Sancho, you may freely commend
+yourself to God or whom you will; for Malambruno, though an enchanter,
+is a Christian, and works his enchantments with great circumspection,
+taking very good care not to fall out with any one."
+
+"Well then," said Sancho, "God and the most holy Trinity give me help!"
+
+"Cover thine eyes, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and mount; for one who
+sends for us from lands so far distant cannot mean to deceive us for the
+sake of the paltry glory to be derived from deceiving persons who trust
+in him; though all should turn out the contrary of what I hope, no
+malice will be able to dim the glory of having undertaken this exploit."
+
+"Let us be off, señor," said Sancho, "for I have taken the beards and
+tears of the ladies deeply to heart, and I shan't eat a bite to relish
+it until I have seen them restored to their former smoothness. Mount,
+your worship, and blindfold yourself, for if I am to go on the croup, it
+is plain the rider in the saddle must mount first."
+
+"That is true," said Don Quixote, and, taking a handkerchief out of his
+pocket, he begged the Distressed One to bandage his eyes very carefully;
+but after having them bandaged he uncovered them, saying, "If my memory
+does not deceive me, I have read in Virgil of the Palladium of Troy, a
+wooden horse the Greeks offered to the goddess Pallas, which was big
+with armed knights, who afterwards destroyed Troy; so it would be as
+well to see, first of all, what Clavileño has in his stomach."
+
+"There is no occasion," said the Distressed One; "I will be bail for
+him, and I know that Malambruno has nothing tricky or treacherous about
+him; you may mount without any fear, Señor Don Quixote; on my head be it
+if any harm befalls you."
+
+Don Quixote thought that to say anything further with regard to his
+safety would be putting his courage in an unfavorable light; and so,
+without more words, he mounted Clavileño, and tried the peg, which
+turned easily; and as he had no stirrups and his legs hung down, he
+looked like nothing so much as a figure in some Roman triumph painted or
+embroidered on a Flemish tapestry.
+
+Much against the grain, and very slowly, Sancho proceeded to mount, and,
+after settling himself as well as he could on the croup, found it rather
+hard and not at all soft, and asked the duke if it would be possible to
+oblige him with a pad of some kind, or a cushion; even if it were off
+the couch of his lady the duchess, or the bed of one of the pages; as
+the haunches of that horse were more like marble than wood. On this the
+Trifaldi observed that Clavileño would not bear any kind of harness or
+trappings, and that his best plan would be to sit sideways like a woman,
+as in that way he would not feel the hardness so much.
+
+Sancho did so, and bidding them farewell, allowed his eyes to be
+bandaged, but immediately afterwards uncovered them again, and looking
+tenderly and tearfully on those in the garden, bade them help him in his
+present strait with plenty of Paternosters and Ave Marias, that God
+might provide some one to say as many for them, whenever they found
+themselves in a similar emergency.
+
+At this Don Quixote exclaimed, "Art thou on the gallows, thief, or at
+thy last moment, to use pitiful entreaties of that sort? Cover thine
+eyes, cover thine eyes, abject animal, and let not thy fear escape thy
+lips, at least, in my presence."
+
+"Let them blindfold me," said Sancho; "as you won't let me commend
+myself or be commended to God, is it any wonder if I am afraid there is
+a legion of devils about here that will carry us off?"
+
+They were then blindfolded, and Don Quixote, finding himself settled to
+his satisfaction, felt for the peg, and the instant he placed his
+fingers on it, all the duennas and all who stood by lifted up their
+voices exclaiming, "God guide thee, valiant knight! God be with thee,
+intrepid squire! Now, now ye go cleaving the air more swiftly than an
+arrow! Now ye begin to amaze and astonish all who are gazing at you from
+the earth! Take care not to wobble about, valiant Sancho! Mind thou fall
+not, for thy fall will be worse than that rash youth's who tried to
+steer the chariot of his father the Sun!"[472-5]
+
+As Sancho heard the voices, clinging tightly to his master and winding
+his arms round him, he said, "Señor, how do they make out we are going
+up so high, if their voices reach us here and they seem to be speaking
+quite close to us?"
+
+"Don't mind that, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "for as affairs of this
+sort and flights like this are out of the common course of things, you
+can see and hear as much as you like a thousand leagues off; but don't
+squeeze me so tight or thou wilt upset me; and really I know not what
+thou hast to be uneasy or frightened at, for I can safely swear I never
+mounted a smoother-going steed all the days of my life; one would fancy
+we never stirred from one place. Banish fear, my friend, for indeed
+everything is going as it ought, and we have the wind astern."
+
+"That's true," said Sancho, "for such a strong wind comes against me on
+this side, that it seems as if the people were blowing on me with a
+thousand pair of bellows;" which was the case; they were puffing at him
+with a great pair of bellows; for the whole adventure was so well
+planned by the duke, the duchess, and their majordomo, that nothing was
+omitted to make it perfectly successful.
+
+Don Quixote now, feeling the blast, said, "Beyond a doubt, Sancho, we
+must have already reached the second region of the air, where the hail
+and snow are generated; the thunder, the lightning, and the thunderbolts
+are engendered in the third region, and if we go on ascending at this
+rate, we shall shortly plunge into the region of fire, and I know not
+how to regulate this peg, so as not to mount up where we shall be
+burned."
+
+And now they began to warm their faces, from a distance, with tow that
+could easily be set on fire and extinguished again, fixed on the end of
+a cane.
+
+On feeling the heat Sancho said, "May I die if we are not already in
+that fire place, or very near it, for a good part of my beard has been
+singed, and I have a mind, señor, to uncover and see whereabouts we
+are."
+
+"Do nothing of the kind," said Don Quixote; "remember the true story of
+the licentiate Torralva, that the devils carried flying through the air
+riding on a stick with his eyes shut; who in twelve hours reached Rome
+and dismounted at Torre di Nona, which is a street of the city, and saw
+the whole sack and storming and the death of Bourbon, and was back in
+Madrid the next morning, where he gave an account of all he had seen;
+and he said, moreover, that as he was going through the air, the devil
+bade him open his eyes, and he did so, and saw himself so near the body
+of the moon, so it seemed to him, that he could have laid hold of it
+with his hand, and that he did not dare to look at the earth lest he
+should be seized with giddiness. So that, Sancho, it will not do for us
+to uncover ourselves, for he who has us in charge will be responsible
+for us; and perhaps we are gaining an altitude and mounting up to enable
+us to descend at one swoop on the Kingdom of Kandy, as the saker or
+falcon does on the heron, so as to seize it however high it may soar;
+and though it seems to us not half an hour since we left the garden,
+believe me we must have travelled a great distance."
+
+The duke, the duchess, and all in the garden were listening to the
+conversation of the two heroes, and were beyond measure amused by it;
+and now, desirous of putting a finishing touch to this rare and
+well-contrived adventure, they applied a light to Clavileño's tail with
+some tow, and the horse, being full of squibs and crackers, immediately
+blew up with a prodigious noise, and brought Don Quixote and Sancho
+Panza to the ground half singed. By this time the bearded band of
+duennas, the Trifaldi and all, had vanished from the garden, and those
+that remained lay stretched on the ground as if in swoon. Don Quixote
+and Sancho got up rather shaken, and looking about them, were filled
+with amazement at finding themselves in the same garden from which they
+had started, and seeing such a number of people stretched on the ground;
+and their astonishment was increased when at one side of the garden they
+perceived a tall lance planted in the ground, and hanging from it by
+two cords of green silk, a smooth, white parchment on which there was
+the following inscription in large gold letters: "The illustrious Don
+Quixote of La Mancha has, by merely attempting it, finished and
+concluded the adventure of the Countess Trifaldi, otherwise called the
+Distressed Duenna; Malambruno is now satisfied on every point, the chins
+of the duennas are now smooth and clean, and when the squirely
+flagellation shall have been completed, the white dove shall find
+herself delivered from the pestiferous hawks that persecute her,[476-6]
+and in the arms of her beloved mate; for such is the decree of the sage
+Merlin, arch-enchanter of enchanters."
+
+[Illustration: THE HORSE BLEW UP, WITH A PRODIGIOUS NOISE]
+
+As soon as Don Quixote had read the inscription on the parchment he
+perceived clearly that it referred to the disenchantment of Dulcinea,
+and returning hearty thanks to Heaven that he had, with so little
+danger, achieved so grand an exploit as to restore to their former
+complexion the countenances of those venerable duennas, now no longer
+visible, he advanced towards the duke and duchess, who had not yet come
+to themselves, and taking the duke by the hand he said, "Be of good
+cheer, worthy sir, be of good cheer; it's nothing at all; the adventure
+is now over and without any harm done, as the inscription fixed on this
+post shows plainly."
+
+The duke came to himself slowly and like one recovering consciousness
+after a heavy sleep, and the duchess and all who had fallen prostrate
+about the garden did the same, with such demonstrations of wonder and
+amazement that they would have almost persuaded one that what they
+pretended so adroitly in jest had happened to them in reality. The duke
+read the placard with half-shut eyes, and then ran to embrace Don
+Quixote with open arms, declaring him to be the best knight that had
+ever been seen in any age. Sancho kept looking about for the Distressed
+One, to see what her face was like without the beard, and if she was as
+fair as her elegant person promised; but they told him that, the instant
+Clavileño descended flaming through the air and came to the ground, the
+whole band of duennas with the Trifaldi vanished, and that they were
+already shaved and without a stump left.
+
+The duchess asked Sancho how he had fared on that long journey, to which
+Sancho replied, "I felt, señora, that we were flying through the region
+of fire, as my master told me, and I wanted to uncover my eyes for a
+bit; but my master, when I asked leave to uncover myself, would not let
+me; but as I have a little bit of curiosity about me, and a desire to
+know what is forbidden and kept from me, quietly and without any one
+seeing me I drew aside the handkerchief covering my eyes ever so little,
+close to my nose, and from underneath looked towards the earth, and it
+seemed to me that it was altogether no bigger than a grain of mustard
+seed, and that the men walking on it were little bigger than hazel nuts;
+so you may see how high we must have got to them."
+
+To this the duchess said, "Sancho, my friend, mind what you are saying;
+it seems you could not have seen the earth, but only the men walking on
+it; it is plain that if the earth looked to you like a grain of mustard
+seed, and each man like a hazel nut, one man alone would have covered
+the whole earth."
+
+"That is true," said Sancho, "but for all that I got a glimpse of a bit
+of one side of it, and saw it all."
+
+"Take care, Sancho," said the duchess; "with a bit of one side one does
+not see the whole of what one looks at."
+
+"I don't understand that way of looking at things," said Sancho; "I only
+know that your ladyship will do well to bear in mind that as we were
+flying by enchantment, so I might have seen the whole earth and all the
+men by enchantment, whatever way I looked; and if you won't believe
+this, no more will you believe that, uncovering myself nearly to the
+eyebrows, I saw myself so close to the sky that there was not a palm and
+a half between me and it; and by everything that I can swear by, señora,
+it is mighty great! And it so happened we came by where the seven
+she-goats[478-7] are, and by God and upon my soul, as in my youth I was
+a goatherd in my own country, as soon as I saw them I felt a longing to
+be among them for a little, and if I had not given way to it I think I'd
+have burst. So I come and take, and what do I do? without saying
+anything to anybody, not even to my master, softly and quietly I got
+down from Clavileño and amused myself with the goats--which are like
+violets, like flowers--for nigh three-quarters of an hour; and Clavileño
+never stirred or moved from one spot."
+
+"And while the good Sancho was amusing himself with the goats," said the
+duke, "how did Señor Don Quixote amuse himself?"
+
+To which Don Quixote replied, "As all these things and such like
+occurrences are out of the ordinary course of nature, it is no wonder
+that Sancho says what he does; for my own part I can only say that I
+did not uncover my eyes, either above or below, nor did I see sky or
+earth or sea or shore. It is true I felt that I was passing through the
+region of the air, and even that I touched that of fire; but that we
+passed farther I cannot believe; for the region of fire being between
+the heaven of the moon and the last region of the air, we could not have
+reached that heaven where the seven she-goats Sancho speaks of are
+without being burned; and as we were not burned, either Sancho is lying
+or Sancho is dreaming."
+
+"I am neither lying nor dreaming," said Sancho; "only ask me the tokens
+of those same goats, and you'll see by that whether I'm telling the
+truth or not."
+
+"Tell us them then, Sancho," said the duchess.
+
+"Two of them," said Sancho, "are green, two blood-red, two blue, and one
+a mixture of all colors."
+
+"An odd sort of goat, that," said the duke; "in this earthly region of
+ours we have no such colors; I mean goats of such colors."
+
+"That's very plain," said Sancho; "of course there must be a difference
+between the goats of heaven and the goats of the earth."
+
+"Tell me, Sancho," said the duke, "did you see any he-goat among those
+she-goats?"
+
+"No señor," said Sancho; "but I have heard say that none ever passed the
+horns of the moon."
+
+They did not care to ask him anything more about his journey, for they
+saw he was in the vein to go rambling all over the heavens giving an
+account of everything that went on there, without having ever stirred
+from the garden. Such, in short, was the end of the adventure of the
+Distressed Duenna, which gave the duke and duchess laughing matter not
+only for the time being, but for all their lives, and Sancho something
+to talk about for ages, if he lived so long.
+
+
+THE STORY OF THE LASHES
+
+     NOTE.--It had been prophesied, by a pretended enchanter, that the
+     Lady Dulcinea del Toboso could be freed from the enchantment under
+     which a wicked magician had placed her, if Sancho would of his own
+     free will give himself three thousand three hundred lashes.
+
+
+Sancho went along anything but cheerful, and finally he said to his
+master, "Surely, señor, I'm the most unlucky doctor in the world;
+there's many a physician that, after killing the sick man he had to
+cure, requires to be paid for his work, though it is only signing a bit
+of a list of medicines, that the apothecary and not he makes up, and,
+there, his labor is over; but with me, though to cure somebody else
+costs me drops of blood, smacks, pinches, pin-proddings, and whippings,
+nobody gives me a farthing."
+
+"Thou art right, Sancho, my friend," said Don Quixote, "and I can say
+for myself that if thou wouldst have payment for the lashes on account
+of the disenchantment of Dulcinea, I would have given it to thee freely
+ere this. I am not sure, however, whether payment will comport with the
+cure, and I would not have the reward interfere with the medicine.
+Still, I think there will be nothing lost by trying it; consider how
+much thou wouldst have, Sancho, and whip thyself at once, and pay
+thyself down with thine own hand, as thou hast money of mine."
+
+At this proposal Sancho opened his eyes and his ears a palm's breadth
+wide, and in his heart very readily acquiesced in whipping himself, and
+said he to his master, "Very well then, señor, I'll hold myself in
+readiness to gratify your worship's wishes if I'm to profit by it; for
+the love of my wife and children forces me to seem grasping. Let your
+worship say how much you will pay me for each lash I give myself."
+
+"If, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "I were to requite thee as the
+importance and nature of the cure deserves, the treasures of Venice, the
+mines of Potosi, would be insufficient to pay thee. See what thou hast
+of mine, and put a price on each lash."
+
+"Of them," said Sancho, "there are three thousand three hundred and odd;
+of these I have given myself five, the rest remain; let the five go for
+the odd ones, and let us take the three thousand three hundred, which at
+a quarter real apiece (for I will not take less though the whole world
+should bid) make three thousand three hundred quarter reals; the three
+thousand are one thousand five hundred half reals, which make seven
+hundred and fifty reals; and the three hundred make a hundred and fifty
+half reals, which come to seventy-five reals, which added to the seven
+hundred and fifty make eight hundred and twenty-five reals in all. These
+I will stop out of what I have belonging to your worship, and I'll
+return home rich and content, though well whipped."
+
+"O blessed Sancho! O dear Sancho!" said Don Quixote; "how we shall be
+bound to serve thee, Dulcinea and I, all the days of our lives that
+Heaven may grant us! If she returns to her lost shape (and it cannot be
+but that she will) her misfortune will have been good fortune, and my
+defeat a most happy triumph. But look here, Sancho; when wilt thou begin
+the scourging? For if thou wilt make short work of it, I will give a
+hundred reals over and above."
+
+"When?" said Sancho; "this night without fail. Let your worship order it
+so that we pass it out of doors and in the open air, and I'll scarify
+myself."
+
+Night, longed for by Don Quixote with the greatest anxiety in the world,
+came at last. They made their way at length in among some pleasant trees
+that stood a little distance from the road, and there vacating
+Rocinante's saddle and Dapple's pack-saddle, they stretched themselves
+on the green grass and made their supper off Sancho's stores, and he,
+making a powerful and flexible whip out of Dapple's halter and
+headstall, retreated about twenty paces from his master among some beech
+trees. Don Quixote, seeing him march off with such resolution and
+spirit, said to him, "Take care, my friend, not to cut thyself to
+pieces; allow the lashes to wait for one another, and do not be in so
+great a hurry as to run thyself out of breath midway; I mean, do not lay
+on so strenuously as to make thy life fail thee before thou hast reached
+the desired number; and that thou mayest not lose by a card too much or
+too little, I will station myself apart and count on my rosary here the
+lashes thou givest thyself. May heaven help thee as thy good intention
+deserves."
+
+"'Pledges don't distress a good paymaster,'" said Sancho; "I mean to lay
+on in such a way as without killing myself to hurt myself, for in that,
+no doubt, lies the essence of this miracle."
+
+He then stripped himself from the waist upwards, and snatching up the
+rope he began to lay on and Don Quixote to count the lashes. He might
+have given himself six or eight when he began to think the joke no
+trifle, and its price very low; and holding his hand for a moment, he
+told his master that he cried off on the score of a blind bargain, for
+each of those lashes ought to be paid for at the rate of half a real
+instead of a quarter.
+
+"Go on, Sancho, my friend, and be not disheartened," said Don Quixote;
+"for I double the stakes as to price."
+
+"In that case," said Sancho, "in God's hand be it, and let it rain
+lashes." But the rogue no longer laid them on his shoulders, but laid on
+to the trees, with such groans every now and then, that one would have
+thought at each of them his soul was being plucked up by the roots. Don
+Quixote, touched to the heart, and fearing he might make an end of
+himself, and that through Sancho's imprudence he might miss his own
+object, said to him, "As thou livest, my friend, let the matter rest
+where it is, for the remedy seems to me a very rough one, and it will be
+well to have patience; Rome was not built in a day. If I have not
+reckoned wrong thou hast given thyself over a thousand lashes; that is
+enough for the present."
+
+"No, no, señor," replied Sancho; "it shall never be said of me, 'The
+money paid, the arms broken'; go back a little further, your worship, and
+let me give myself at any rate a thousand lashes more; for in a couple
+of bouts like this we shall have finished off the lot, with even cloth
+to spare."
+
+"As thou art in such a willing mood," said Don Quixote, "may heaven aid
+thee; lay on and I'll retire."
+
+Sancho returned to his task with so much resolution that he soon had the
+bark stripped off several trees, such was the severity with which he
+whipped himself; and one time, raising his voice, and giving a beech a
+tremendous lash, he cried out, "Here dies Samson, and all with him!"
+
+At the sound of his piteous cry and of the stroke of the cruel lash, Don
+Quixote ran to him at once, and seizing the twisted halter, said to him:
+
+"Heaven forbid, Sancho my friend, that to please me thou shouldst lose
+thy life, which is needed for the support of thy wife and children; let
+Dulcinea wait for a better opportunity, and I will have patience until
+thou hast gained fresh strength so as to finish off this business to the
+satisfaction of everybody."
+
+"As your worship will have it so, señor," said Sancho, "so be it; but
+throw your cloak over my shoulders, for I'm sweating and I don't want to
+take cold; it's a risk that novice disciplinants run."
+
+Don Quixote obeyed, and stripping himself covered Sancho, who slept
+until the sun woke him; they then resumed their journey, which for the
+time being they brought to an end at a village that lay three leagues
+farther on.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[433-1] The _olla_ is the national dish of Spain, and is a stew composed
+of beef, bacon, sausage, chick-peas and cabbage, with any other meat or
+vegetables which may be on hand.
+
+[434-2] A _morion_ is a helmet without visor or beaver for protecting
+the face.
+
+[435-3] Alexander the Great was so fond of his horse Bucephalus that
+when it died in India during Alexander's sojourn there, he founded a
+city which he called Bucephalia, in honor of the steed.
+
+[435-4] The Cid was the greatest of Spanish heroes.
+
+[436-5] _Rocin_ is, in Spanish, a horse used for labor, as distinguished
+from one kept for pleasure or for personal use; _ante_ means _before_.
+Thus the name Rocinante meant that the horse had formerly been a hack,
+or work horse.
+
+[436-6] Amadis de Gaul was the hero of one of the most celebrated
+romances of chivalry.
+
+[438-1] When Don Quixote first set out on his quest of adventures, he
+was unattended. Having been forced, however, to return to his native
+town, he persuaded a peasant, Sancho Panza by name, to go with him and
+serve as his squire. While Sancho was a hard-headed, practical man, he
+was carried away by Don Quixote's promises of reward, and in time,
+through listening constantly to the Don's conversation, he became almost
+as mad as his master.
+
+[440-2] Briareus was a famous giant of ancient mythology, who had fifty
+heads and one hundred arms.
+
+[440-3] By _sage_ is here meant an enchanter or magician.
+
+[441-1] Don Quixote and Sancho had remained in terror through an entire
+night, fancying from the noise they heard that they were near some
+terrible danger. In the morning they found that this noise proceeded
+from some fulling mills in the neighborhood.
+
+[442-2] Mambrino was a Moorish king, mentioned in some of the romantic
+poems which _Don Quixote_ is intended to burlesque. He possessed an
+enchanted golden helmet which rendered the wearer invulnerable, and
+which was naturally much sought after by all the knights. Rinaldo
+finally obtained possession of it. Don Quixote, whose helmet had been
+destroyed, had sworn that he would lead a life of particular hardship
+until he had made himself master of the wonderful helmet.
+
+[445-3] The _piece of eight_ is equal to about one dollar of American
+money. The _maravedi_ is a small copper coin, of the value of three
+mills in American money.
+
+[446-4] The _god of smithies_ was the old Greek and Roman god Hephæstus,
+or Vulcan; the _god of battles_ was Mars.
+
+[446-5] _Martino_ is a blunder of Sancho's for _Mambrino_.
+
+[448-1] This was a gentlemanly person whom Don Quixote had met on the
+road a short time before.
+
+[462-1] In certain rivers of Spain, floating mills, moored in
+mid-stream, were common.
+
+[467-1] This was the wicked enchanter who had caused the beards to grow.
+
+[468-2] This was the leader of the sorrowful bearded ladies.
+
+[468-3] The duke had promised to bestow on Sancho the government of an
+island.
+
+[469-4] The name of the "Distressed One."
+
+[472-5] This was Phaëton, whose story is told in Volume II.
+
+[476-6] Don Quixote and Sancho Panza had been persuaded that Dulcinea
+del Toboso, Don Quixote's lady, was under enchantment, from which she
+could not be released until Sancho had given himself three thousand
+three hundred lashes.
+
+[478-7] The "seven she-goats" were the Pleiades.
+
+
+
+
+PRONUNCIATION OF PROPER NAMES
+
+
+NOTE.--The pronunciation of difficult words is indicated by respelling
+them phonetically. _N_ is used to indicate the French nasal sound; _K_,
+the sound of _ch_ in German; _ü_, the sound of the German _ü_, and
+French _u_; _ö_, the sound of _ö_ in foreign languages.
+
+
+  ACTÆON, _ak tee´ on_
+  ÆNEAS SYLVIUS, _ee nee´ as sil´ vy us_
+  ALLEGHANIES, _al´´ le gay´ niz_
+  ÆSCHYLUS, _es´ ky lus_
+  AMADIS, _am´ a dis_
+  BABIECA, _ba be ay´ ka_
+  BENOIT, _ben wah´_
+  BOSE, _bo´ zeh_
+  BRIAREUS, _bri a´ re us_
+  BUCEPHALUS, _bu sef´ a lus_
+  CASA GUIDI, _kah´ sa gwee´ dee_
+  CERVANTES, SAAVEDRA, MIGUEL DE, _sur van´ teez, sah ved´ ra, mee
+    gayl´ deh_
+  CHINGACHGOOK, _chin gahk´ gook_
+  CHOTEAU, _sho to´_
+  CHRISTIERN, _Kris´ tee urn_
+  CLAVILEÑO, _klah ve lay´ nyo_
+  DON QUIXOTE, _don kwiks´ oat_, (Sp.) _don´´ kee ho´ tay_
+  DU CHAILLU, _dü shay lü´_
+  HOTEL DES INVALIDES, _o tel´ day zaN´´ va´´ leed´_
+  MAMBRINO, _mam bree´ no_
+  MARTINO, _mar tee´ no_
+  MICHAEL AROUT, (Fr.) _mee shel´ ah roo´_
+  MOHICANS, _mo hee´ kanz_
+  MONTCALM, _mont cahm´_
+  NGOBI, _ngo´ bi_
+  OLAUS MAGNUS, _o lay´ us mag´ nus_
+  ORAN, _o rahn´_
+  ORPHÉON, _or fay oN´_
+  PARA, _pah rah´_
+  PARACELSUS, _par a sel´ sus_
+  PHAETHON, _fay´ eh thon_
+  PLEIADES, _plee´ ya deez_
+  POTOSI, _po to see´_
+  PRAIRIE DU CHIEN, _pray´ ree doo sheen´_
+  PTOLEMY, _tol´ e my_
+  QUASHQUAMME, _quash guah´ me_
+  QUESADA, _kee sah´ da_
+  ROCINANTE, _ro´´ see nahn´ tay_
+  RODERICH VICH ALPINE, _rod´ rick vick al´ pine_
+  ST. GERMAIN, _saN zher´´ maN´_
+  SANCHO PANZA, _sang´ ko pan´ za_, (Sp.) _sahn´ cha pahn´ tha_
+  SIOUX, _soo_
+  SOUVESTRE, EMILE, _soo´´ vestr´, ay meel´_
+  TÊTE ROUGE, _tate roozh_
+  THOREAU, _tho´ ro_, or _tho ro´_
+  VERSAILLES, _vur saylz´_
+  WILLAMETTE, _wil ah´ met_
+  XENIL, _hay´ neel_
+
+
+
+
+  Transcriber's Note
+
+  Corrections
+
+  24   Muleteeer changed to Muleteer
+  102  Neverthelesss changed to Nevertheless
+  107  hugh changed to huge
+  123  distiguish changed to distinguish
+  139  postion changed to position
+  191  fellow-ceatures changed to fellow-creatures
+  196  immeditatively changed to meditatively
+  219  and Tom Tolliver changed to and Tom Tulliver
+  267  miscroscope changed to microscope
+  314  acquintance changed to acquaintance
+  369  round, I take it. changed to round, I take it."
+  407  Goodnature changed to Good-nature
+  417  profundly changed to profoundly
+  420  Holden ready for the fight: changed to Holden ready for the fight."
+  442  out, answered changed to out," answered
+  468  senora changed to señora
+  476  of enchanters. changed to of enchanters."
+  482  Rosinante's saddle changed to Rocinante's saddle
+  485  Actaeon changed to Actæon
+  485  Aeneas changed to Æneas
+  485  Aeschyllus changed to Æschylus
+  485  Buchephalus changed to Bucephalus
+  485  Clavileno changed to Clavileño
+  486  Orpheon changed to Orphéon
+  486  Pleiadas changed to Pleiades
+  486  Quashguamme changed to Quashquamme
+  486  Tete changed to Tête
+
+  Inconsistent hyphenation
+
+  daylight / day-light
+  farmhouse / farm-house
+  firearms / fire-arms
+  highborn / high-born
+  homemade / home-made
+  lopsided / lop-sided
+  roadside / road-side
+  skylark / sky-lark
+  tipsy cake / tipsy-cake
+  tomorrow / to-morrow
+  upstream / up-stream
+  waterbreaker / water-breaker
+
+  Other comments
+
+  The footnote referred to by marker number 4 on page 30 was
+  printed on page 31.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Journeys Through Bookland, Vol. 7, by 
+Charles H. Sylvester
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Journeys Through Bookland, Vol. 7, by 
+Charles H. Sylvester
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Journeys Through Bookland, Vol. 7
+
+Author: Charles H. Sylvester
+
+Release Date: November 7, 2007 [EBook #23405]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNEYS THROUGH BOOKLAND, VOL. 7 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Julia Miller, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+<div style="background-color: #EEE; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em;">
+<p class="center"><b>Transcriber&rsquo;s&nbsp;Note</b></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. A <a href="#trans_note">list</a> of these changes
+is found at the end of the text. Inconsistencies in spelling and
+hyphenation have been maintained. A <a href="#trans_note">list</a> of inconsistently spelled and
+hyphenated words is found at the end of the text. The original book used both
+numerical and symbolic footnote markers. This version follows the
+original usage.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 600px;">
+<a name="image01" id="image01"></a><a href="images/image01-full.jpg"><img src="images/image01.jpg" width="600" height="432" alt="A knight on horseback is approaching the sea. A castle is visible in the background and there are ships on the sea." title="Endpaper" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 301px;">
+<a name="image02" id="image02"></a><a href="images/image02-full.jpg"><img src="images/image02.jpg" width="301" height="400" alt="Hunter in birchbark canoe" title="THE CANOE RACE" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">The Canoe Race</span>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[v]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/image03.png" width="400" height="144" alt="Journeys Through Bookland" title="Journeys Through Bookland" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="titlepage" style="margin-top: 2em;">A NEW AND ORIGINAL<br />
+PLAN FOR READING APPLIED TO THE<br />
+WORLD&#8217;S BEST LITERATURE<br />
+FOR CHILDREN</p>
+
+<p class="titlepage" style="margin-top: 2em;"><em>BY</em><br />
+<span style="margin-top: 1.5em;">CHARLES H. SYLVESTER</span><br />
+<em>Author of English and American Literature</em></p>
+
+
+<p class="titlepage" style="margin-top: 2em;">VOLUME SEVEN<br />
+<em>New Edition</em></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 150px;">
+<img src="images/image04.png" width="100" height="113" alt="Colophon" title="Colophon" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="titlepage" style="margin-top: 2em;">
+Chicago<br />
+BELLOWS-REEVE COMPANY<br />
+PUBLISHERS</p>
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[vi]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<p class="titlepage">Copyright, 1922<br />
+BELLOWS-REEVE COMPANY</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[vii]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapterhead"><a name="CONTENTS" id="CONTENTS"></a>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="table of contents">
+<tr>
+  <td></td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="right"><span style="font-size: smaller;">PAGE</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_DAFFODILS">The Daffodils</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>William Wordsworth</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_DAFFODILS">1</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#TO_THE_FRINGED_GENTIAN">To the Fringed Gentian</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>William Cullen Bryant</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#TO_THE_FRINGED_GENTIAN">4</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#TO_A_MOUSE">To a Mouse</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Robert Burns</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#TO_A_MOUSE">5</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#TO_A_MOUNTAIN_DAISY">To a Mountain Daisy</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Robert Burns</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#TO_A_MOUNTAIN_DAISY">8</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_OLD_OAKEN_BUCKET">The Old Oaken Bucket</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Samuel Wordsworth</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_OLD_OAKEN_BUCKET">11</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#BANNOCKBURN">Bannockburn</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Robert Burns</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#BANNOCKBURN">15</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#BOAT_SONG">Boat Song</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Sir Walter Scott</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#BOAT_SONG">17</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_GOVERNOR_AND_THE_NOTARY">The Governor and the Notary</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Washington Irving</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_GOVERNOR_AND_THE_NOTARY">20</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_RIME_OF_THE_ANCIENT_MARINER">The Rime of the Ancient Mariner</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Samuel T. Coleridge</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_RIME_OF_THE_ANCIENT_MARINER">29</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_BLACK_HAWK_TRAGEDY">The Black Hawk Tragedy</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Edwin D. Coe</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_BLACK_HAWK_TRAGEDY">58</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_PETRIFIED_FERN">The Petrified Fern</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Mary Bolles Branch</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_PETRIFIED_FERN">77</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#AN_EXCITING_CANOE_RACE">An Exciting Canoe Race</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>J. Fenimore Cooper</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#AN_EXCITING_CANOE_RACE">79</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_BUFFALO">The Buffalo</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Francis Parkman</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_BUFFALO">96</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_CHARGE_OF_THE_LIGHT_BRIGADE">The Charge of the Light Brigade</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Alfred Tennyson</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_CHARGE_OF_THE_LIGHT_BRIGADE">147</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#FOR_A_THAT_AND_A_THAT">For A&#8217; That and A&#8217; That</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Robert Burns</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#FOR_A_THAT_AND_A_THAT">149</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#BREATHES_THERE_THE_MAN">Breathes There the Man</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Sir Walter Scott</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#BREATHES_THERE_THE_MAN">151</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#HOW_SLEEP_THE_BRAVE">How Sleep the Brave</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>William Collins</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#HOW_SLEEP_THE_BRAVE">151</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#QUEEN_VICTORIA">Queen Victoria</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Anna McCaleb</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#QUEEN_VICTORIA">152</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_RECESSIONAL">The Recessional</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Rudyard Kipling</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_RECESSIONAL">164</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_STAR-SPANGLED_BANNER">The Star-spangled Banner</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Francis Scott Key</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_STAR-SPANGLED_BANNER">167</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#HOWS_MY_BOY">How&#8217;s My Boy?</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Sydney Dobell</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#HOWS_MY_BOY">169</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_SOLDIERS_DREAM">The Soldier&#8217;s Dream</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Thomas Campbell</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_SOLDIERS_DREAM">170</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#MAKE_WAY_FOR_LIBERTY">Make Way for Liberty</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>James Montgomery</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#MAKE_WAY_FOR_LIBERTY">172</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_OLD_CONTINENTALS">The Old Continentals</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Guy Humphreys McMaster</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_OLD_CONTINENTALS">175</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_PICKET-GUARD">The Picket-Guard</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Mrs. Ethel Lynn Beers</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_PICKET-GUARD">177</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#MY_OLD_KENTUCKY_HOME">My Old Kentucky Home</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Stephen Collins Foster</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#MY_OLD_KENTUCKY_HOME">179</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_FORSAKEN_MERMAN">The Forsaken Merman</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Matthew Arnold</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_FORSAKEN_MERMAN">180</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#TOM_AND_MAGGIE_TULLIVER">Tom and Maggie Tulliver</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>George Eliot</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#TOM_AND_MAGGIE_TULLIVER">186</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#A_GORILLA_HUNT">A Gorilla Hunt</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Paul du Chaillu</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#A_GORILLA_HUNT">247</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_CLOUD">The Cloud</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Percy Bysshe Shelley</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_CLOUD">257</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#BRUTE_NEIGHBORS">Brute Neighbors</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Henry David Thoreau</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#BRUTE_NEIGHBORS">260</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#ODE_TO_A_SKYLARK">Ode To a Skylark</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Percy Bysshe Shelley</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ODE_TO_A_SKYLARK">275</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_POND_IN_WINTER">The Pond in Winter</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Henry David Thoreau</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_POND_IN_WINTER">280</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#SALMON_FISHING">Salmon Fishing</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Rudyard Kipling</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#SALMON_FISHING">285</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#WINTER_ANIMALS">Winter Animals</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Henry David Thoreau</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#WINTER_ANIMALS">293</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#TREES_AND_ANTS_THAT_HELP_EACH_OTHER">Trees and Ants That Help Each Other</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Thomas Belt</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#TREES_AND_ANTS_THAT_HELP_EACH_OTHER">306</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_FAMILY_OF_MICHAEL_AROUT">The Family of Michael Arout</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Emile Souvestre</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_FAMILY_OF_MICHAEL_AROUT">314</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#ON_THE_RECEIPT_OF_MY_MOTHERS_PICTURE">On the Receipt of My Mother&#8217;s Picture</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>William Cowper</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ON_THE_RECEIPT_OF_MY_MOTHERS_PICTURE">331</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THOSE_EVENING_BELLS">Those Evening Bells</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Thomas Moore</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THOSE_EVENING_BELLS">340</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#ANNABEL_LEE">Annabel Lee</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Edgar Allan Poe</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ANNABEL_LEE">341</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_THREE_FISHERS">The Three Fishers</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Charles Kingsley</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_THREE_FISHERS">343</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[viii]</a></span><a href="#THE_REAPERS_DREAM"><span class="smcap">The Reaper&#8217;s Dream</span></a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Thomas Buchanan Read</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_REAPERS_DREAM">345</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_RECOVERY_OF_THE_HISPANIOLA">The Recovery of the Hispaniola</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Robert Louis Stevenson</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_RECOVERY_OF_THE_HISPANIOLA">352</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#JOHN_GREENLEAF_WHITTIER">John Greenleaf Whittier</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Grace E. Sellon</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#JOHN_GREENLEAF_WHITTIER">381</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#WILLIAM_CULLEN_BRYANT">William Cullen Bryant</a></td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#WILLIAM_CULLEN_BRYANT">391</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#TO_A_WATERFOWL">To a Waterfowl</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>William Cullen Bryant</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#TO_A_WATERFOWL">395</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#OLIVER_WENDELL_HOLMES">Oliver Wendell Holmes</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Grace E. Sellon</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#OLIVER_WENDELL_HOLMES">398</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_CUBES_OF_TRUTH">The Cubes of Truth</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Oliver Wendell Holmes</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_CUBES_OF_TRUTH">406</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#THE_LOST_CHILD">The Lost Child</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>James Russell Lowell</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#THE_LOST_CHILD">409</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#JAMES_RUSSELL_LOWELL">James Russell Lowell</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Grace E. Sellon</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#JAMES_RUSSELL_LOWELL">411</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#A_CHILDS_THOUGHT_OF_GOD">A Child&#8217;s Thought of God</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Elizabeth Barrett Browning</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#A_CHILDS_THOUGHT_OF_GOD">418</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#ELIZABETH_BARRETT_BROWNING">Elizabeth Barrett Browning</a></td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#ELIZABETH_BARRETT_BROWNING">419</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es"><a href="#DON_QUIXOTE">Don Quixote</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite lang="es" xml:lang="es">Cervantes</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#DON_QUIXOTE">431</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#PRONUNCIATION_OF_PROPER_NAMES">Pronunciation of Proper Names</a></td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#PRONUNCIATION_OF_PROPER_NAMES">487</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="titlepage">For Classification of Selections, see General Index, at end of Volume X</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ix" id="Page_ix">[ix]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapterhead"><a name="ILLUSTRATIONS" id="ILLUSTRATIONS"></a>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2>
+
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="list of illustrations">
+<tr>
+  <td></td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="right"><span style="font-size: smaller;">PAGE</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image02"><span class="smcap">The Canoe Race</span></a> (Color Plate)</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image02"><span class="smcap">Frontispiece</span></a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image05">A Host of Golden Daffodils</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Albert H. Winkler</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image05">2</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image06">The Fringed Gentian</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>G. H. Mitchell</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image06">4</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image07">Thou Need Na Start Awa</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Albert H. Winkler</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image07">6</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image08"><span class="smcap">Robert Burns</span></a> (Halftone)</td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image08">8</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image09">Thou Bonny Gem</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Albert H. Winkler</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image09">9</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image10">Inclined to My Lips</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Herbert N. Rudeen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image10">12</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image12">The Notary Enters the Carriage</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image12">26</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image13"><span class="smcap">He Cannot Choose but Hear</span></a> (Heading)</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image13">29</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image14">I Shot the Albatross</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image14">33</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image15">And Straight the Sun Was Flecked With Bars</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image15">38</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image16">I Watched the Water-Snakes</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image16">42</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image17">They Groaned, They Stirred, They All Uprose</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image17">45</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image18"><span class="smcap">Slowly and Smoothly Went the Skip</span></a> (Color Plate)</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image18">48</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image19"><span class="smcap">&#8220;O Shrieve Me, Shrieve Me, Holy Man&#8221;</span></a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image19">55</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image20"><span class="smcap">I Pass From Land To Land</span></a> (Ending)</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image20">57</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image21">Black Hawk and the Two Ruffians</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image21">63</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image22">The Women and Children Crossed the River</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image22">71</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image23">Hawkeye on the Trail</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image23">80</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image24"><span class="smcap">James Fenimore Cooper</span></a> (Halftone)</td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image24">82</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image25">Hawkeye</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image25">85</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image26">Gradually I Came Abreast of Him</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image26">106</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image27">One Vast Host of Buffalo</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image27">125</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image28">On Dune and Headland</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>G. H. Mitchell</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image28">165</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image29">The Little Gray Church on the Windy Hill</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Walter O. Reese</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image29">181</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image31">&#8220;Tom&#8217;s Coming Home!&#8221;</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Herbert N. Rudeen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image31">188</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image32">&#8220;Oh, He is Cruel&#8221;</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Herbert N. Rudeen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image32">199</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image33">&#8220;Is it the Tipsy Cake, Then?&#8221;</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Herbert N. Rudeen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image33">206</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image34">&#8220;Here, Lucy!&#8221;</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Herbert N. Rudeen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image34">224</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image35">&#8220;Ah, You&#8217;re Fondest O&#8217; Me, Aren&#8217;t You?&#8221;</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Herbert N. Rudeen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image35">243</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image36">Gorilla With Her Young</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Herbert N. Rudeen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image36">251</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image37">The Battle of the Ants</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Herbert N. Rudeen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image37">265</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image38">Watching for the Loon</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image38">272</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image39">The Skylark</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image39">276</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image40">Kneeling To Drink</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image40">281</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image42"><span class="smcap">Salmon Fishing</span></a> (Color Plate)</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image42">286</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image43">The Red Squirrel Stealing Corn</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image43">296</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image45">&#8220;How Much Do We Owe You?&#8221;</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Herbert N. Rudeen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image45">320</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image46">Michael is Come Back</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Herbert N. Rudeen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image46">326</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image47">&#8220;My Mother!&#8221;</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Iris Weddell White</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image47">336</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image48">In Her Sepulchre There by the Sea</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image48">342</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_x" id="Page_x">[x]</a></span><a href="#image49">The Night Rack Came Rolling Up</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>G. H. Mitchell</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image49">344</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image50">The Crescent Moon Went by</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>G. H. Mitchell</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image50">347</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image51">I Looked Into the Cabin</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>R. F. Babcock</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image51">354</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image52"><span class="smcap">Whittier&#8217;s Birthplace</span></a> (Color Plate)</td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image52">382</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image53"><span class="smcap">John Greenleaf Whittier</span></a> (Halftone)</td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image53">386</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image54"><span class="smcap">William Cullen Bryant</span></a> (Halftone)</td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image54">392</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image55">Thy Figure Floats Along</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Jerome Rozen</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image55">396</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image56"><span class="smcap">Oliver Wendell Holmes</span></a> (Halftone)</td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image56">398</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image57">Down the Sunny Glade</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Walter O. Reese</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image57">409</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image59"><span class="smcap">James Russell Lowell</span></a> (Halftone)</td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image59">412</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image60"><span class="smcap">Elizabeth Barrett Browning</span></a> (Halftone)</td>
+  <td></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image60">420</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#image61"><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span></a> (Heading)</td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image61">431</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image62"><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> Tilts with the Windmills</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image62">439</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image63">&#8220;Defend Thyself, Miserable Being!&#8221;</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image63">444</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image64">The Lion Put His Head Out of the Cage</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image64">455</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image65"><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> Fell on His Knees</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image65">464</a></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td class="smcap"><a href="#image66">The Horse Blew Up, with a Prodigious Noise</a></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><cite>Donn P. Crane</cite></td>
+  <td class="tdr"><a href="#image66">475</a></td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_DAFFODILS" id="THE_DAFFODILS"></a>THE DAFFODILS</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">William Wordsworth</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcapi"><span class="hide">I</span></span> <span class="upper">wandered</span> lonely as a cloud<br />
+<span class="i1">That floats on high o&#8217;er vales and hills,</span><br />
+When all at once I saw a crowd,&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">A host of golden daffodils</span><br />
+Beside the lake, beneath the trees,<br />
+Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Continuous as the stars that shine<br />
+<span class="i1">And twinkle on the Milky Way,</span><br />
+They stretched in never-ending line<br />
+<span class="i1">Along the margin of a bay:</span><br />
+Ten thousand saw I, at a glance,<br />
+Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">The waves beside them danced, but they<br />
+<span class="i1">Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;</span><br />
+A poet could not but be gay<br />
+<span class="i1">In such a jocund company;</span><br />
+I gazed&mdash;and gazed&mdash;but little thought<br />
+What wealth the show to me had brought.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">For oft, when on my couch I lie,<br />
+<span class="i1">In vacant or in pensive mood,</span><br />
+They flash upon that inward eye<br />
+<span class="i1">Which is the bliss of solitude;</span><br />
+And then my heart with pleasure fills,<br />
+And dances with the daffodils.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image05" id="image05"></a><a href="images/image05-full.png"><img src="images/image05.png" width="251" height="206" alt="Daffodils below a tree" title="A HOST OF GOLDEN DAFFODILS" /></a>
+<span class="caption">A HOST OF GOLDEN DAFFODILS</span>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>When we look at this little poem we see at a glance that the
+stanzas are all the same length, that the rhyme scheme is <em>ababcc</em>
+(see &#8220;To My Infant Son,&#8221; Vol. VI), and that the indentation at the
+beginning of the lines corresponds with the rhymes. This poem,
+then, is perfectly regular in form.</p>
+
+<p>There are other things, however, which go to make up perfect
+structure in a poem. First and foremost, the words are so arranged
+that the accented syllables in any given line come at regular
+intervals. Take, for instance, the first two lines of this poem.
+Each line contains eight syllables. If you number these syllables
+1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, you will see that it is the second one each
+time that bears the accent, thus:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">I wan&acute;dered lone&acute;ly as&acute; a cloud&acute;<br />
+<span class="i1">That floats&acute; on high&acute; o&#8217;er vales&acute; and hills&acute;.</span></p>
+
+<p>Now, if you read the four remaining lines of the stanza you will
+see that in each one of these the second syllable <span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 89%"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span>bears the
+accent, until you come to the last line, where in the word
+<em>fluttering</em>, which, by the way, you pronounce <em>flutt&acute;ring</em>, the
+accent is on the first syllable. If the poet did not now and then
+change the accent a little it would become tedious and monotonous.</p>
+
+<p>It is a very simple matter, you see, to separate every line of
+poetry into groups of syllables, and in every group to place one
+accented syllable and one or more syllables that are not accented.
+Such a group is called a <em>foot</em>. Thus in each of the first two
+lines in this poem there are four <em>feet</em>. Each <em>foot</em> contains an
+accented and an unaccented syllable.</p>
+
+<p>If you examine <cite>To the Fringed Gentian</cite>, <cite>To a Mouse</cite>, and <cite>To a
+Mountain Daisy</cite>, the three poems which follow this, you will see
+the same structure, except that in <cite>To a Mouse</cite> and in <cite>To A
+Mountain Daisy</cite> there are some short lines and some double rhymes,
+making the last foot a little different in character from the
+others.</p>
+
+<p>When a line of poetry is composed of two-syllable feet in which the
+second syllable bears the accent we call that meter <em>iambic</em>. It is
+the prevalent foot in English poetry, and if you examine the
+different poems in these volumes you will be surprised to find out
+how many of them are written substantially on the plan of <cite>The
+Daffodils</cite>.</p>
+
+<p>In naming the meter of a poem two things are considered: First the
+<em>character</em> of the feet, and second, the <em>number</em> of feet. In this
+poem the feet are iambic and there are four of them, consequently
+we name the meter of this poem <em>iambic tetrameter</em>. Whenever you
+hear those words you think of a poem whose meter is exactly like
+that of <cite>The Daffodils</cite>.</p>
+
+<p>These words seem long and hard to remember. It may help you to
+remember them if you think that the word <em>iam&acute;bic</em> contains an
+iambic foot.</p>
+
+<p>In naming the meter we use the Greek numerals&mdash;<em>mono</em> (one), <em>di</em>
+(two), <em>tri</em> (three), <em>tetra</em> (four), <em>penta</em> (five), <em>hexa</em> (six),
+<em>hepta</em> (seven), and <em>octa</em> (eight), and add to them the word
+<em>meter</em>, thus: <em>Mo-nom&acute;e-ter</em>, a line containing one foot,
+<em>dim&acute;e-ter</em>, <em>trim&acute;e-ter</em>, <em>te-tram&acute;e-ter</em>, <em>pen-tam&acute;e-ter</em>,
+<em>hex-am&acute;e-ter</em>, <em>hep-tam&acute;e-ter</em>, <em>and oc-tam&acute;e-ter</em>.</p></div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="TO_THE_FRINGED_GENTIAN" id="TO_THE_FRINGED_GENTIAN"></a>TO THE FRINGED GENTIAN</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">William Cullen Bryant</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">T</span><span class="upper">hou</span> blossom, bright with autumn dew,<br />
+And colored with the heaven&#8217;s own blue,<br />
+That openest when the quiet light<br />
+Succeeds the keen and frosty night;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image06" id="image06"></a><a href="images/image06-full.png"><img src="images/image06.png" width="251" height="208" alt="Trees beside a river, with clouds in the background" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">Thou comest not when violets lean<br />
+O&#8217;er wandering brooks and springs unseen,<br />
+Or columbines, in purple dressed,<br />
+Nod o&#8217;er the ground-bird&#8217;s hidden nest.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Thou waitest late, and com&#8217;st alone,<br />
+When woods are bare and birds are flown,<br />
+And frosts and shortening days portend<br />
+The aged Year is near his end.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span>Then doth thy sweet and quiet eye<br />
+Look through its fringes to the sky,<br />
+Blue&mdash;blue&mdash;as if that sky let fall<br />
+A flower from its cerulean wall.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">I would that thus, when I shall see<br />
+The hour of death draw near to me,<br />
+Hope, blossoming within my heart,<br />
+May look to heaven as I depart.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="TO_A_MOUSE" id="TO_A_MOUSE"></a>TO A MOUSE</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><span class="smcap">On Turning Her Up in Her Nest with the Plow, November, 1785</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Robert Burns</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco"><span class="dropcap">W</span><span class="upper">ee</span>, sleekit,<a name="Anchor_5-1" id="Anchor_5-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 5-1" href="#Footnote_5-1" class="fnanchor">5-1</a> cow&#8217;rin&#8217;, tim&#8217;rous beastie,<br />
+O, what a panic&#8217;s in thy breastie!<br />
+Thou need na start awa sae hasty,<br />
+<span class="i9">Wi&#8217; bickering brattle!<a name="Anchor_5-2" id="Anchor_5-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 5-2" href="#Footnote_5-2" class="fnanchor">5-2</a></span><br />
+I wad be laith to rin an&#8217; chase thee,<br />
+<span class="i9">Wi&#8217; murdering pattle!<a name="Anchor_5-3" id="Anchor_5-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 5-3" href="#Footnote_5-3" class="fnanchor">5-3</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">I&#8217;m truly sorry man&#8217;s dominion<br />
+Has broken Nature&#8217;s social union,<br />
+An&#8217; justifies that ill opinion<br />
+<span class="i9">Which makes thee startle</span><br />
+At me, thy poor earth-born companion,<br />
+<span class="i9">An&#8217; fellow-mortal!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">I doubt na, whyles, but thou may thieve;<br />
+What then? poor beastie, thou maun live!<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span>A daimen-icker<a name="Anchor_6-4" id="Anchor_6-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 6-4" href="#Footnote_6-4" class="fnanchor">6-4</a> in a thrave<a name="Anchor_6-5" id="Anchor_6-5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 6-5" href="#Footnote_6-5" class="fnanchor">6-5</a><br />
+<span class="i9">&#8217;S a sma&#8217; request:</span><br />
+I&#8217;ll get a blessin&#8217; wi&#8217; the lave<a name="Anchor_6-6" id="Anchor_6-6"></a><a title="Go to footnote 6-6" href="#Footnote_6-6" class="fnanchor">6-6</a><br />
+<span class="i9">And never miss&#8217;t!</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<a name="image07" id="image07"></a><a href="images/image07-full.png"><img src="images/image07.png" width="250" height="308" alt="A man kneeling by a plow" title="THOU NEED NA START AWA" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THOU NEED NA START AWA</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Thy wee bit housie, too, in ruin!<br />
+Its silly wa&#8217;s the win&#8217;s are strewin&#8217;!<br />
+An&#8217; naething, now, to big a new ane,<br />
+<span class="i9">O&#8217; foggage<a name="Anchor_7-7" id="Anchor_7-7"></a><a title="Go to footnote 7-7" href="#Footnote_7-7" class="fnanchor">7-7</a> green!</span><br />
+An&#8217; bleak December&#8217;s winds ensuin&#8217;,<br />
+<span class="i9">Baith snell<a name="Anchor_7-8" id="Anchor_7-8"></a><a title="Go to footnote 7-8" href="#Footnote_7-8" class="fnanchor">7-8</a> and keen!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Thou saw the fields laid bare an&#8217; waste,<br />
+And weary winter comin&#8217; fast,<br />
+And cozie, here, beneath the blast,<br />
+<span class="i9">Thou thought to dwell,</span><br />
+Till crash! the cruel coulter<a name="Anchor_7-9" id="Anchor_7-9"></a><a title="Go to footnote 7-9" href="#Footnote_7-9" class="fnanchor">7-9</a> past<br />
+<span class="i9">Out thro&#8217; thy cell.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">That wee bit heap o&#8217; leaves an&#8217; stibble,<br />
+Has cost thee mony a weary nibble!<br />
+Now thou&#8217;s turn&#8217;d out, for a&#8217; thy trouble,<br />
+<span class="i9">But house or hald,<a name="Anchor_7-10" id="Anchor_7-10"></a><a title="Go to footnote 7-10" href="#Footnote_7-10" class="fnanchor">7-10</a></span><br />
+To thole<a name="Anchor_7-11" id="Anchor_7-11"></a><a title="Go to footnote 7-11" href="#Footnote_7-11" class="fnanchor">7-11</a> the winter&#8217;s sleety dribble,<br />
+<span class="i9">An&#8217; cranreuch<a name="Anchor_7-12" id="Anchor_7-12"></a><a title="Go to footnote 7-12" href="#Footnote_7-12" class="fnanchor">7-12</a> cauld!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">But, Mousie, thou art no thy lane,<a name="Anchor_7-13" id="Anchor_7-13"></a><a title="Go to footnote 7-13" href="#Footnote_7-13" class="fnanchor">7-13</a><br />
+In proving foresight may be vain;<br />
+The best-laid schemes o&#8217; mice an&#8217; men,<br />
+<span class="i9">Gang aft a-gley,<a name="Anchor_7-14" id="Anchor_7-14"></a><a title="Go to footnote 7-14" href="#Footnote_7-14" class="fnanchor">7-14</a></span><br />
+An&#8217; lea&#8217;e us nought but grief and pain,<br />
+<span class="i9">For promis&#8217;d joy.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>Still them are blest, compar&#8217;d wi&#8217; me!<br />
+The present only toucheth thee:<br />
+But, Och! I backward cast my e&#8217;e<br />
+<span class="i9">On prospects drear;</span><br />
+An&#8217; forward, tho&#8217; I canna see,<a name="Anchor_8-15" id="Anchor_8-15"></a><a title="Go to footnote 8-15" href="#Footnote_8-15" class="fnanchor">8-15</a><br />
+<span class="i9">I guess an&#8217; fear.</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_5-1" id="Footnote_5-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_5-1" class="label">5-1</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Sleekit</em> means <em>sly</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_5-2" id="Footnote_5-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_5-2" class="label">5-2</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Brattle</em> means a short race.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_5-3" id="Footnote_5-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_5-3" class="label">5-3</a> A <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">pattle</em> is a scraper for cleaning a plow.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_6-4" id="Footnote_6-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_6-4" class="label">6-4</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Daimen-icker</em> means an ear of corn occasionally.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_6-5" id="Footnote_6-5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_6-5" class="label">6-5</a> A <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">thrave</em> is twenty-four sheaves.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_6-6" id="Footnote_6-6"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_6-6" class="label">6-6</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Lave</em> is the Scotch word for <em>remainder</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_7-7" id="Footnote_7-7"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_7-7" class="label">7-7</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Foggage</em> is coarse uncut grass.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_7-8" id="Footnote_7-8"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_7-8" class="label">7-8</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Snell</em> means <em>sharp</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_7-9" id="Footnote_7-9"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_7-9" class="label">7-9</a> The <span lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">coulter</span> is the sharp iron which cuts the sod before
+the plow.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_7-10" id="Footnote_7-10"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_7-10" class="label">7-10</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Hald</em> means a resting place. <em>But</em> here means
+<em>without</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_7-11" id="Footnote_7-11"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_7-11" class="label">7-11</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Thole</em> is the Scotch word for <em>endure</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_7-12" id="Footnote_7-12"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_7-12" class="label">7-12</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Cranreuch</em> is hoar-frost.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_7-13" id="Footnote_7-13"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_7-13" class="label">7-13</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">No thy lane</em> means <em>not alone</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_7-14" id="Footnote_7-14"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_7-14" class="label">7-14</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Gang aft a-gley</em> means <em>often go wrong</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_8-15" id="Footnote_8-15"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_8-15" class="label">8-15</a> In this poem and the one <cite>To a Mountain Daisy</cite>, does the
+allusion to the poet&#8217;s own hard fate add to or detract from the beauty
+of the composition? Do these allusions give any insight into his
+character? What was always uppermost in his mind?</p></div>
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 299px;">
+<a name="image08" id="image08"></a><a href="images/image08-full.jpg"><img src="images/image08.jpg" width="299" height="400" alt="Robert Burns 1759-1796" title="Robert Burns 1759-1796" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">Robert Burns<br />
+1759-1796</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="TO_A_MOUNTAIN_DAISY" id="TO_A_MOUNTAIN_DAISY"></a>TO A MOUNTAIN DAISY</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><span class="smcap">On Turning One Down with the Plough in April, 1786</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Robert Burns</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco"><span class="dropcap">W</span><span class="upper">ee</span>, modest, crimson-tipp&eacute;d flower,<br />
+Thou&#8217;s met me in an evil hour,<br />
+For I maun<a name="Anchor_8-1" id="Anchor_8-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 8-1" href="#Footnote_8-1" class="fnanchor">8-1</a> crush amang the stoure<a name="Anchor_8-2" id="Anchor_8-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 8-2" href="#Footnote_8-2" class="fnanchor">8-2</a><br />
+<span class="i6">Thy slender stem;</span><br />
+To spare thee now is past my power,<br />
+<span class="i6">Thou bonny gem.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Alas! it&#8217;s no thy neibor sweet,<br />
+The bonny lark, companion meet,<br />
+Bending thee&#8217; mang the dewy weet,<br />
+<span class="i6">Wi&#8217; spreckled<a name="Anchor_8-3" id="Anchor_8-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 8-3" href="#Footnote_8-3" class="fnanchor">8-3</a> breast,</span><br />
+When upward springing, blithe, to greet<br />
+<span class="i6">The purpling east.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span>Cauld blew the bitter biting north<br />
+Upon thy early, humble birth;<br />
+Yet cheerfully thou glinted forth<br />
+<span class="i6">Amid the storm,</span><br />
+Scarce reared above the parent earth<br />
+<span class="i6">Thy tender form.</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 249px;">
+<a name="image09" id="image09"></a><a href="images/image09-full.png"><img src="images/image09.png" width="249" height="215" alt="A man plowing a field" title="THOU BONNY GEM" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THOU BONNY GEM</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">The flaunting flowers our gardens yield,<br />
+High sheltering woods and wa&#8217;s maun shield.<br />
+But thou beneath the random bield<a name="Anchor_9-4" id="Anchor_9-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 9-4" href="#Footnote_9-4" class="fnanchor">9-4</a><br />
+<span class="i6">O&#8217; clod or stane,</span><br />
+Adorns the histie<a name="Anchor_9-5" id="Anchor_9-5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 9-5" href="#Footnote_9-5" class="fnanchor">9-5</a> stibble-field,<br />
+<span class="i6">Unseen, alane.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>There, in thy scanty mantle clad,<br />
+Thy snawie bosom sunward spread,<br />
+Thou lifts thy unassuming head<br />
+<span class="i6">In humble guise;</span><br />
+But now the share uptears thy bed,<br />
+<span class="i6">And low thou lies!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Such is the fate of artless maid,<br />
+Sweet floweret of the rural shade!<br />
+By love&#8217;s simplicity betrayed,<br />
+<span class="i6">And guileless trust,</span><br />
+Till she, like thee, all soiled, is laid<br />
+<span class="i6">Low i&#8217; the dust.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Such is the fate of simple bard,<br />
+On life&#8217;s rough ocean luckless starred!<br />
+Unskilful he to note the card<br />
+<span class="i6">Of prudent lore,</span><br />
+Till billows rage, and gales blow hard<br />
+<span class="i6">And whelm him o&#8217;er!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Such fate to suffering worth is given,<br />
+Who long with wants and woes has striven,<br />
+By human pride or cunning driven<br />
+<span class="i6">To misery&#8217;s brink,</span><br />
+Till wrenched of every stay but Heaven,<br />
+<span class="i6">He, ruined, sink!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Even thou who mourn&#8217;st the daisy&#8217;s fate,<br />
+That fate is thine,&mdash;no distant date:<br />
+Stern Ruin&#8217;s ploughshare drives, elate,<br />
+<span class="i6">Full on thy bloom,</span><br />
+Till crushed beneath the furrow&#8217;s weight,<br />
+<span class="i6">Shall be thy doom!</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_8-1" id="Footnote_8-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_8-1" class="label">8-1</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Maun</em> is the Scotch word for <em>must</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_8-2" id="Footnote_8-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_8-2" class="label">8-2</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Stoure</em> is the Scotch name for dust.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_8-3" id="Footnote_8-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_8-3" class="label">8-3</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Spreckled</em> is the Scotch and provincial English form of
+<em>speckled</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_9-4" id="Footnote_9-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_9-4" class="label">9-4</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Bield</em> means <em>shelter</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_9-5" id="Footnote_9-5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_9-5" class="label">9-5</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Histie</em> means <em>dry</em> or <em>barren</em>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_OLD_OAKEN_BUCKET" id="THE_OLD_OAKEN_BUCKET"></a>THE OLD OAKEN BUCKET<a name="Anchor_11-1" id="Anchor_11-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 11-1" href="#Footnote_11-1" class="fnanchor">11-1</a></h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Samuel Woodworth</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">H</span><span class="upper">ow</span> dear to my heart are the scenes of my childhood,<br />
+<span class="i1">When fond<a name="Anchor_11-2" id="Anchor_11-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 11-2" href="#Footnote_11-2" class="fnanchor">11-2</a> recollection presents them to view;</span><br />
+The orchard, the meadow, the deep, tangled wild-wood,<br />
+<span class="i1">And every loved spot that my infancy<a name="Anchor_11-3" id="Anchor_11-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 11-3" href="#Footnote_11-3" class="fnanchor">11-3</a> knew.</span><br />
+The wide-spreading pond, and the mill<a name="Anchor_11-4" id="Anchor_11-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 11-4" href="#Footnote_11-4" class="fnanchor">11-4</a> that stood by it;<br />
+<span class="i1">The bridge and the rock where the cataract fell;</span><br />
+The cot of my father, the dairy house<a name="Anchor_11-5" id="Anchor_11-5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 11-5" href="#Footnote_11-5" class="fnanchor">11-5</a> nigh it,<br />
+<span class="i1">And e&#8217;en the rude bucket which hung in the well&mdash;</span><br />
+The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket,<br />
+<span class="i1">The moss-covered bucket which hung in the well.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">That moss-covered bucket I hail as a treasure;<br />
+<span class="i1">For often at noon, when returned from the field,</span><br />
+I found it the source of an exquisite pleasure,<br />
+<span class="i1">The purest and sweetest that nature can yield.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span>How ardent I seized it, with hands that were glowing,<br />
+<span class="i1">And quick to the white-pebbled bottom it fell<a name="Anchor_12-6" id="Anchor_12-6"></a><a title="Go to footnote 12-6" href="#Footnote_12-6" class="fnanchor">12-6</a>;</span><br />
+Then soon with the emblem of truth<a name="Anchor_12-7" id="Anchor_12-7"></a><a title="Go to footnote 12-7" href="#Footnote_12-7" class="fnanchor">12-7</a> overflowing,<br />
+<span class="i1">And dripping with coolness it rose from the well&mdash;</span><br />
+The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket,<br />
+<span class="i1">The moss-covered bucket arose from the well.</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 249px;">
+<a name="image10" id="image10"></a><a href="images/image10-full.png"><img src="images/image10.png" width="249" height="198" alt="A boy drinking from a bucket by a well" title="INCLINED TO MY LIPS" /></a>
+<span class="caption">INCLINED TO MY LIPS</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">How sweet from the green mossy brim to receive it,<br />
+<span class="i1">As poised on the curb,<a name="Anchor_12-8" id="Anchor_12-8"></a><a title="Go to footnote 12-8" href="#Footnote_12-8" class="fnanchor">12-8</a> it inclined to my lips!</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>Not a full blushing goblet<a name="Anchor_13-9" id="Anchor_13-9"></a><a title="Go to footnote 13-9" href="#Footnote_13-9" class="fnanchor">13-9</a> could tempt me to leave it,<br />
+<span class="i1">Though filled with the nectar<a name="Anchor_13-10" id="Anchor_13-10"></a><a title="Go to footnote 13-10" href="#Footnote_13-10" class="fnanchor">13-10</a> that Jupiter sips.</span><br />
+And now, far removed from the loved situation,<a name="Anchor_13-11" id="Anchor_13-11"></a><a title="Go to footnote 13-11" href="#Footnote_13-11" class="fnanchor">13-11</a><br />
+<span class="i1">The tear of regret will oftentimes swell,</span><br />
+As fancy returns to my father&#8217;s plantation,<br />
+<span class="i1">And sighs for the bucket which hangs in the well&mdash;</span><br />
+The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket,<br />
+<span class="i1">The moss-covered bucket which hangs in the well.</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="afterstory">If we compare <cite>The Old Oaken Bucket</cite> with <cite>The Daffodils</cite> (<a href="#Page_1">page 1</a>),
+we will see that the lines of the former are longer, and when we
+read aloud a few lines from the one and compare the other, we see
+that the movement is very different. In <cite>The Old Oaken Bucket</cite> the
+accents are farther apart, and the result is to make the movement
+long and smooth, like that of a swing with long ropes.</p>
+
+<p>Let us examine more closely the lines of <cite>The Old Oaken Bucket</cite> in
+a manner similar to that suggested on <a href="#Page_2">page 2</a>, for <cite>The Daffodils</cite>.
+If we place the accent on the proper syllables in the first four
+lines, they will read as follows:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">How dear&acute;| to my heart&acute;| are the scenes&acute;| of my child&acute;|hood,<br />
+<span class="i1">When fond&acute;| rec-ol-lec&acute;|tion pre-sents&acute;| them to view&#8217;;</span><br />
+The or&acute;|chard, the mead&acute;|ow, the deep&acute;| tan-gled wild&acute;|-wood,<br />
+<span class="i1">And ev&acute;|&#8217;ry loved spot&acute;| that my in&acute;|fan-cy knew.&acute;</span></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 89%;"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The vertical lines above are drawn at the ends of the feet. How
+many feet are there in the first line; how many in the second; how
+many in the third; how many in the fourth? How many syllables in
+the first foot in the first line? How many other feet do you find
+containing the same number of syllables? How many syllables are
+there in the second foot in the first line? How many other feet are
+there containing the same number of syllables? Examine the feet
+that contain three syllables. On which syllable is the accent
+placed when there are three syllables in the foot? A poetic foot of
+three syllables which bears the accent on the third syllable is
+called an <em>anapestic</em> foot. The meter of this poem, then is
+<em>anapestic tetrameter</em>, varied by an added syllable in most of the
+odd-numbered lines and by an iambic foot at the beginning of each
+line.</p>
+
+<p>Can you find any other poem in this volume in which the meter is
+the same? Can you find such poems in other volumes?</p></div>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_11-1" id="Footnote_11-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_11-1" class="label">11-1</a> Samuel Woodworth, the author of this familiar song, was
+an American, the editor of many publications and the writer of a great
+many poems; but no one of the latter is now remembered, except <cite>The Old
+Oaken Bucket</cite>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_11-2" id="Footnote_11-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_11-2" class="label">11-2</a> This means that the author remembers fondly the scenes
+of his childhood, or remembers the things of which he was fond in his
+childhood.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_11-3" id="Footnote_11-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_11-3" class="label">11-3</a> As the term is used in the law-books, a person is an
+<em>infant</em> until he is twenty-one years of age; though, probably the word
+<em>infancy</em> here means the same as <em>childhood</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_11-4" id="Footnote_11-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_11-4" class="label">11-4</a> Let us picture a large mill-pond with a race running out
+of one side of it past the old-fashioned mill, which has a big wooden
+water wheel on the outside of it.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_11-5" id="Footnote_11-5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_11-5" class="label">11-5</a> The dairy house was probably a low, broad building
+through which the water from the stream ran. The milkpans were set on
+low shelves or in a trough so that the water could run around them and
+keep the milk cool.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_12-6" id="Footnote_12-6"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_12-6" class="label">12-6</a> If he could see the white-pebbled bottom of the well, it
+must have been a shallow one, or perhaps merely a square box built
+around a deep spring.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_12-7" id="Footnote_12-7"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_12-7" class="label">12-7</a> Water is usually spoken of as an emblem of <em>purity</em>, not
+of <em>truth</em>; but sometimes truth is spoken of as hiding at the bottom of
+a well.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_12-8" id="Footnote_12-8"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_12-8" class="label">12-8</a> The curb is the square box usually built around the
+mouth of the well to a height of a few feet, to protect the water from
+dirt. Sometimes three of the sides are carried up to a height of six or
+eight feet, and a roof is built over the whole, making a little house of
+the curb. The fourth side is left open, except for two or three feet at
+the bottom. In these old wells two buckets were often used. They were
+attached to a rope which ran over a wheel suspended from the roof of the
+well house. When a bucket was drawn up it was often rested on the low
+curb in front, while people drank from it.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_13-9" id="Footnote_13-9"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_13-9" class="label">13-9</a> <em>Blushing goblet</em> alludes to wine or some other liquor
+that has a reddish color.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_13-10" id="Footnote_13-10"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_13-10" class="label">13-10</a> Nectar was the drink of the old Greek gods, of whom
+Jupiter was the chief.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_13-11" id="Footnote_13-11"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_13-11" class="label">13-11</a> <em>Situation</em> and <em>plantation</em> do not rhyme well, and
+<em>situation</em> is scarcely the right word to use. <em>Location</em> would be
+better, so far as the meaning is concerned.</p></div>
+
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 124px;">
+<img src="images/image11.png" width="124" height="104" alt="Tree blowing in the wind by a river" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="BANNOCKBURN" id="BANNOCKBURN"></a>BANNOCKBURN</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><span class="smcap">Robert Bruce&#8217;s Address to His Army</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Robert Burns</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco"><span class="dropcap">S</span><span class="upper">cots</span>, wha hae wi&#8217; Wallace bled;<br />
+Scots, wham Bruce has aften led;<br />
+Welcome to your gory bed,<br />
+<span class="i1">Or to glorious victorie!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Now&#8217;s the day and now&#8217;s the hour&mdash;<br />
+See the front o&#8217; battle lour;<br />
+See approach proud Edward&#8217;s power&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">Edward! chains and slaverie!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Wha will be a traitor knave?<br />
+Wha can fill a coward&#8217;s grave?<br />
+Wha sae base as be a slave?<br />
+<span class="i1">Traitor! coward! turn and flee!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Wha for Scotland&#8217;s king and law<br />
+Freedom&#8217;s sword will strongly draw!<br />
+Freeman stand or freeman fa&#8217;,<br />
+<span class="i1">Caledonian! on wi&#8217; me!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">By oppression&#8217;s woes and pains!<br />
+By our sons in servile chains!<br />
+We will drain our dearest veins,<br />
+<span class="i1">But they shall be&mdash;shall be free!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>Lay the proud usurpers low!<br />
+Tyrants fall in every foe!<br />
+Liberty&#8217;s in every blow!<br />
+<span class="i1">Forward! let us do or die!</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="afterstory">On pages <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, and <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, of this volume we talked about the different
+meters in which poetry is written. In iambic poetry each foot
+contains two syllables, the second of which is accented. There is
+another kind of foot composed of two syllables. In this the accent
+falls on the first syllable. <cite>Bannockburn</cite> gives examples of this.
+To illustrate, we will rewrite the first stanza, using the words in
+their English form, and mark off the feet and the accent:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Scots&acute;, who | have&acute; with | Wal&acute;-lace | bled&acute;,<br />
+<span class="i1">Scots&acute;, whom | Bruce&acute; has | of&acute;-ten | led&acute;;</span><br />
+Wel&acute;-come | to&acute; your | go&acute;-ry | bed&acute;,<br />
+<span class="i1">Or&acute; to | glo&acute;rious | vic&acute;-to | ry&acute;.</span></p>
+
+<p>Each one of these lines ends with an accented syllable, but that
+may be disregarded in studying the feet. This foot is called the
+<em>trochee</em>, and it will help you to remember it if you will think
+that the word <em>tro&acute;chee</em> has two syllables and is accented on the
+first. This poem, then, is in <em>trochaic trimeter</em>, with added
+accented syllables at the ends of the lines. Read the other stanzas
+carefully, throwing the accent prominently on the first syllable of
+each foot.</p>
+
+<p>When you read to bring out the meter of a poem you are said to be
+<em>scanning</em> it. When you are in the habit of scanning poetry you
+will find that you can do it very nicely and without spoiling the
+sound. At first you will probably accent the syllables too
+strongly, and then people will say that you are reading in a
+<em>sing-song</em> way, a thing to be avoided. Of course you will
+understand that the only way to bring out the meter of a poem is to
+read it aloud, but after you have become familiar with the various
+meters and have read aloud a great deal, you will be conscious of
+the rhythm when you read to yourself. It is this consciousness of
+rhythm that gives much of the enjoyment to those who love poetry,
+even when they do not read it aloud.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="BOAT_SONG" id="BOAT_SONG"></a>BOAT SONG</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>From</em> <span class="smcap">Lady of the Lake</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Sir Walter Scott</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcaph"><span class="hide">H</span></span><span class="upper">ail</span> to the Chief who in triumph advances!<br />
+<span class="i1">Honored and blest be the evergreen pine!</span><br />
+Long may the tree, in his banner that glances,<br />
+<span class="i1">Flourish, the shelter and grace of our line!</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Heaven send it happy dew,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Earth lend it sap anew,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Gayly to bourgeon, and broadly to grow,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">While every Highland glen</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Sends our shout back again,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">&#8220;Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Ours is no sapling, chance sown by the fountain,<br />
+<span class="i1">Blooming at Beltane, in winter to fade;</span><br />
+When the whirlwind has stripped every leaf on the mountain<br />
+<span class="i1">The more shall Clan Alpine exult in her shade.</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Moored in the rifted rock,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Proof to the tempest&#8217;s shock,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Firmer he roots him the ruder it blow:</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Menteith and Breadalbane, then</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Echo his praise again,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">&#8220;Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>Proudly our pibroch has thrilled in Glen Fruin,<br />
+<span class="i1">And Bannochar&#8217;s groans to our slogan replied;</span><br />
+Glen Luss and Ross-dhu, they are smoking in ruin,<br />
+<span class="i1">And the best of Loch-Lomond lie dead on her side.</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Widow and Saxon maid</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Long shall lament our raid,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Think of Clan Alpine with fear and with woe;</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Lennox and Leven-glen</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Shake when they hear again,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">&#8220;Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Row, vassals, row for the pride of the Highlands!<br />
+<span class="i1">Stretch to your oars for the evergreen pine!</span><br />
+O that the rosebud that graces yon islands<br />
+<span class="i1">Were wreathed in a garland around him to twine!</span><br />
+<span class="i3">O that some seedling gem,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Worthy such noble stem,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Honored and blessed in their shadow might grow!</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Loud should Clan Alpine then</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Ring from her deepmost glen,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">&#8220;Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!&#8221;</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="afterstory">The last of the common feet which we shall have to consider in
+reading English poetry is called <em>dactyl</em>. This foot consists of
+three syllables, the first of which is accented. Scott&#8217;s <cite>Boat
+Song</cite> is a very fine example of <em>dactylic tetrameter</em>, in which the
+last foot consists either of a <em>trochee</em> (see <a href="#Page_16">page 16</a>) or of a
+single accented syllable. In every stanza there are four short
+lines of <em>dactylic dimeter</em>. Study the four lines which we have
+divided for you below:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Hail&acute; to the | chief&acute; who in | tri&acute;umph ad|van&acute;ces!<br />
+<span class="i1">Hon&acute;ored and | blest&acute; be the | ev&acute;er green | pine!&acute;</span><br />
+Long&acute; may the | tree&acute;, in his | ban&acute;ner that | glan&acute;ces,<br />
+<span class="i1">Flou&acute;rish, the | shel&acute;ter and | grace&acute; of our | line.&acute;</span></p>
+
+<p>This is one of the finest meters in which poetry may be written,
+and one which you will learn to recognize and like whenever you see
+it.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 89%"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span>To assist you in remembering what we have said on this subject in
+the four poems we have studied, we will give this brief outline:</p>
+
+<p style="margin-bottom: 0em;">Poetic feet</p>
+
+<ol class="outline1" style="margin-top: 0em;">
+  <li>1. Consisting of two syllables:</li>
+  <li><ol class="outlinenone">
+      <li><em>Iambic</em>, when the second syllable is accented.</li>
+      <li class="i1">Example: I wan&acute;|dered lone|ly as&acute;| a cloud&acute;.</li>
+      <li><em>Trochaic</em>, when the first syllable is accented.</li>
+      <li class="i1">Example: Scots&acute;, who | have&acute; with | Wal&acute;lace | bled&acute;.</li>
+      </ol></li>
+  <li>2. Consisting of three syllables:</li>
+  <li><ol class="outlinenone">
+      <li><em>Anapestic</em>, when the third syllable is accented.</li>
+      <li class="i1">Example: How dear&acute; | to my heart&acute; | are the scenes&acute; | of my child&acute;|hood.</li>
+      <li><em>Dactylic</em>, when the first syllable is accented.</li>
+      <li class="i1">Example: Hail&acute; to the | chief&acute; who in | tri&acute;umph ad|van&acute;ces.</li>
+      </ol></li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>There are two other feet which are found occasionally in English
+poetry, namely the <em>spondee</em>, which has two accented syllables, and
+the <em>amphilbrach</em>, which consists of three syllables with the
+accent on the middle one.</p>
+
+<p>Of course it is not necessary for you to know the names of these
+different feet in order to enjoy poetry, but it is interesting
+information. What you must do is to notice whenever you read poetry
+the kind of feet that compose the lines and how many there are in
+the line. After a while this becomes second nature to you, and
+while you may not really pause to think about it at any time, yet
+you are always conscious of the rhythm and remember that it is
+produced by a fixed arrangement of the accented syllables. If you
+would look over the poems in these volumes, beginning even with the
+nursery rhymes, it would not take you long to become familiar with
+all the different forms.</p>
+
+<p>While study of this kind may seem tiresome at first, you will soon
+find that you are making progress and will really enjoy it, and you
+will never be sorry that you took the time when you were young to
+learn to understand the structure of poetry.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_GOVERNOR_AND_THE_NOTARY" id="THE_GOVERNOR_AND_THE_NOTARY"></a>THE GOVERNOR AND THE NOTARY</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Washington Irving</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapi"><span class="hide">I</span></span><span class="upper">n</span> former times there ruled, as governor of the Alhambra<a name="Anchor_20-1" id="Anchor_20-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 20-1" href="#Footnote_20-1" class="fnanchor">20-1</a>, a
+doughty old cavalier, who, from having lost one arm in the wars, was
+commonly known by the name of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">El Gobernador Manco,</span> or the one-armed
+governor. He in fact prided himself upon being an old soldier, wore his
+mustachios curled up to his eyes, a pair of campaigning boots, and a
+toledo<a name="Anchor_20-2" id="Anchor_20-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 20-2" href="#Footnote_20-2" class="fnanchor">20-2</a> as long as a spit, with his pocket handkerchief in the
+basket-hilt.</p>
+
+<p>He was, moreover, exceedingly proud and punctilious, and tenacious of
+all his privileges and dignities. Under his sway, the immunities of the
+Alhambra, as a royal residence and domain, were rigidly exacted. No one
+was permitted to enter the fortress with firearms, or even with a sword
+or staff, unless he were of a certain rank, and every horseman was
+obliged to dismount at the gate and lead his horse by the bridle. Now,
+as the hill of the Alhambra rises from the very midst of the city of
+Granada, being, as it were, an excrescence of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span> capital, it must at
+all times be somewhat irksome to the captain-general, who commands the
+province, to have thus an <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">imperium in imperio</em>,<a name="Anchor_21-3" id="Anchor_21-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 21-3" href="#Footnote_21-3" class="fnanchor">21-3</a> a petty,
+independent post in the very core of his domains. It was rendered the
+more galling in the present instance, from the irritable jealousy of the
+old governor, that took fire on the least question of authority and
+jurisdiction, and from the loose, vagrant character of the people that
+had gradually nestled themselves within the fortress as in a sanctuary,
+and from thence carried on a system of roguery and depredation at the
+expense of the honest inhabitants of the city. Thus there was a
+perpetual feud and heart-burning between the captain-general and the
+governor; the more virulent on the part of the latter, inasmuch as the
+smallest of two neighboring potentates is always the most captious about
+his dignity. The stately palace of the captain-general stood in the
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Plaza Nueva,</span> immediately at the foot of the hill of the Alhambra, and
+here was always a bustle and parade of guards, and domestics, and city
+functionaries. A beetling bastion of the fortress overlooked the palace
+and the public square in front of it; and on this bastion the old
+governor would occasionally strut backward and forward, with his toledo
+girded by his side, keeping a wary eye down upon his rival, like a hawk
+reconnoitering his quarry from his nest in a dry tree.</p>
+
+<p>Whenever he descended into the city it was in grand parade, on
+horseback, surrounded by his guards, or in his state coach, an ancient
+and unwieldy Spanish edifice of carved timber and gilt leather,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> drawn
+by eight mules, with running footmen, outriders, and lackeys, on which
+occasions he flattered himself he impressed every beholder with awe and
+admiration as vicegerent of the king, though the wits of Granada were
+apt to sneer at his petty parade, and, in allusion to the vagrant
+character of his subjects, to greet him with the appellation of &#8220;the
+king of the beggars.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>One of the most fruitful sources of dispute between these two doughty
+rivals was the right claimed by the governor to have all things passed
+free of duty through the city, that were intended for the use of himself
+or his garrison. By degrees, this privilege had given rise to extensive
+smuggling. A nest of <span class="nowrap"><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">contrabandistas</span><a name="Anchor_22-4" id="Anchor_22-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 22-4" href="#Footnote_22-4" class="fnanchor">22-4</a></span> took up their abode in the
+hovels of the fortress and the numerous caves in its vicinity, and drove
+a thriving business under the connivance of the soldiers of the
+garrison.</p>
+
+<p>The vigilance of the captain-general was aroused. He consulted his legal
+adviser and factotum, a shrewd, meddlesome <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano</span> or notary, who
+rejoiced in an opportunity of perplexing the old potentate of the
+Alhambra, and involving him in a maze of legal subtilities. He advised
+the captain-general to insist upon the right of examining every convoy
+passing through the gates of his city, and he penned a long letter for
+him, in vindication of the right. Governor <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Manco</span> was a straightforward,
+cut-and-thrust old soldier, who hated an <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano</span> worse than the devil,
+and this one in particular, worse than all other <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribanoes.</span></p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What!&#8221; said he, curling up his mustachios fiercely, &#8220;does the
+captain-general set this man of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> pen to practice confusions upon me?
+I&#8217;ll let him see that an old soldier is not to be baffled by
+schoolcraft.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>He seized his pen, and scrawled a short letter in a crabbed hand, in
+which he insisted on the right of transit free of search, and denounced
+vengeance on any custom-house officer who should lay his unhallowed hand
+on any convoy protected by the flag of the Alhambra.</p>
+
+<p>While this question was agitated between the two pragmatical potentates,
+it so happened that a mule laden with supplies for the fortress arrived
+one day at the gate of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Xenil,</span> by which it was to traverse a suburb of
+the city on its way to the Alhambra. The convoy was headed by a testy
+old corporal, who had long served under the governor, and was a man
+after his own heart&mdash;as trusty and stanch as an old Toledo blade. As
+they approached the gate of the city, the corporal placed the banner of
+the Alhambra on the pack saddle of the mule, and drawing himself up to a
+perfect perpendicular, advanced with his head dressed to the front, but
+with the wary side glance of a cur passing through hostile grounds, and
+ready for a snap and a snarl.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Who goes there?&#8221; said the sentinel at the gate.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Soldier of the Alhambra,&#8221; said the corporal, without turning his head.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What have you in charge?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Provisions for the garrison.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Proceed.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The corporal marched straight forward, followed by the convoy, but had
+not advanced many paces before a posse of custom-house officers rushed
+out of a small toll-house.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span>&#8220;Halloo there!&#8221; cried the leader. &#8220;Muleteer, halt and open those
+packages.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The corporal wheeled round, and drew himself up in battle array.
+&#8220;Respect the flag of the Alhambra,&#8221; said he; &#8220;these things are for the
+governor.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;A fig for the governor, and a fig for his flag. <a name="corr1" id="corr1"></a>Muleteer, halt, I
+say.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Stop the convoy at your peril!&#8221; cried the corporal, cocking his musket.
+&#8220;Muleteer, proceed.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The muleteer gave his beast a hearty thwack, the custom-house officer
+sprang forward and seized the halter; whereupon the corporal leveled his
+piece and shot him dead.</p>
+
+<p>The street was immediately in an uproar. The old corporal was seized,
+and after undergoing sundry kicks and cuffs, and cudgelings, which are
+generally given impromptu by the mob in Spain, as a foretaste of the
+after penalties of the law, he was loaded with irons, and conducted to
+the city prison; while his comrades were permitted to proceed with the
+convoy, after it had been well rummaged, to the Alhambra.</p>
+
+<p>The old governor was in a towering passion, when he heard of this insult
+to his flag and capture of his corporal. For a time he stormed about the
+Moorish halls, and vapored about the bastions, and looked down fire and
+sword upon the palace of the captain-general. Having vented the first
+ebullition of his wrath, he dispatched a message demanding the surrender
+of the corporal, as to him alone belonged the right of sitting in
+judgment on the offenses of those under his command. The
+captain-general, aided by the pen of the delighted <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano,</span> replied at
+great length, arguing that as the offense had been com<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span>mitted within the
+walls of his city, and against one of his civil officers, it was clearly
+within his proper jurisdiction. The governor rejoined by a repetition of
+his demand; the captain-general gave a surrejoinder of still greater
+length, and legal acumen; the governor became hotter and more peremptory
+in his demands, and the captain-general cooler and more copious in his
+replies; until the old lion-hearted soldier absolutely roared with fury
+at being thus entangled in the meshes of legal controversy.</p>
+
+<p>While the subtle <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano</span> was thus amusing himself at the expense of
+the governor, he was conducting the trial of the corporal; who, mewed up
+in a narrow dungeon of the prison, had merely a small grated window at
+which to show his iron-bound visage, and receive the consolations of his
+friends; a mountain of written testimony was diligently heaped up,
+according to Spanish form, by the indefatigable <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano;</span> the corporal
+was completely overwhelmed by it. He was convicted of murder, and
+sentenced to be hanged.</p>
+
+<p>It was in vain the governor sent down remonstrance and menace from the
+Alhambra. The fatal day was at hand, and the corporal was put <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">in
+capilla</em>, that is to say, in the chapel of the prison; as is always done
+with culprits the day before execution, that they may meditate on their
+approaching end and repent them of their sins.</p>
+
+<p>Seeing things drawing to an extremity, the old governor determined to
+attend to the affair in person. He ordered out his carriage of state
+and, surrounded by his guards, rumbled down the avenue of the Alhambra
+into the city. Driving to the house of the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano,</span> he summoned him to
+the portal.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span>The eye of the old governor gleamed like a coal at beholding the
+smirking man of the law advancing with an air of exultation.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image12" id="image12"></a><a href="images/image12-full.png"><img src="images/image12.png" width="252" height="309" alt="A man entering a horse-drawn carriage" title="THE NOTARY ENTERS THE CARRIAGE" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THE NOTARY ENTERS THE CARRIAGE</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is this I hear,&#8221; cried he, &#8220;that you are about to put to death one
+of my soldiers?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;All according to law&mdash;all in strict form of justice,&#8221; said the
+self-sufficient <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano,</span> chuckling<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> and rubbing his hands. &#8220;I can show
+your excellency the written testimony in the case.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Fetch it hither,&#8221; said the governor.</p>
+
+<p>The <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano</span> bustled into his office, delighted with having another
+opportunity of displaying his ingenuity at the expense of the
+hard-headed veteran. He returned with a satchel full of papers, and
+began to read a long deposition with professional volubility. By this
+time a crowd had collected, listening with outstretched necks and gaping
+mouths.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Prithee man, get into the carriage out of this pestilent throng, that I
+may the better hear thee,&#8221; said the governor. The <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano</span> entered the
+carriage, when in a twinkling the door was closed, the coachman smacked
+his whip, mules, carriage, guards, and all dashed off at a thundering
+rate, leaving the crowd in gaping wonderment, nor did the governor pause
+until he had lodged his prey in one of the strongest dungeons of the
+Alhambra.</p>
+
+<p>He then sent down a flag of truce in military style, proposing a cartel
+or exchange of prisoners, the corporal for the notary. The pride of the
+captain-general was piqued, he returned a contemptuous refusal, and
+forthwith caused a gallows, tall and strong, to be erected in the center
+of the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Plaza Nueva,</span> for the execution of the corporal.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oho! is that the game?&#8221; said Governor <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Manco;</span> he gave orders, and
+immediately a gibbet was reared on the verge of the great beetling
+bastion that overlooked the Plaza. &#8220;Now,&#8221; said he, in a message to the
+captain-general, &#8220;hang my soldier when you please; but at the same time
+that he is swung off in the square, look up to see your <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano</span>
+dangling against the sky.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>The captain-general was inflexible; troops were paraded in the square;
+the drums beat; the bell tolled; an immense multitude of amateurs had
+collected to behold the execution; on the other hand, the governor
+paraded his garrison on the bastion, and tolled the funeral dirge of the
+notary from the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Torre de la Campana,</span> or tower of the bell.</p>
+
+<p>The notary&#8217;s wife pressed through the crowd with a whole progeny of
+little embryo <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribanoes</span> at her heels, and throwing herself at the feet
+of the captain-general implored him not to sacrifice the life of her
+husband and the welfare of herself and her numerous little ones to a
+point of pride.</p>
+
+<p>The captain-general was overpowered by her tears and lamentations, and
+the clamors of her callow brood. The corporal was sent up to the
+Alhambra under a guard, in his gallows garb, like a hooded friar; but
+with head erect and a face of iron. The <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Escribano</span> was demanded in
+exchange, according to the cartel. The once bustling and self-sufficient
+man of the law was drawn forth from his dungeon, more dead than alive.
+All his flippancy and conceit had evaporated; his hair, it is said, had
+nearly turned gray with fright, and he had a downcast, dogged look, as
+if he still felt the halter round his neck.</p>
+
+<p>The old governor stuck his one arm akimbo, and for a moment surveyed him
+with an iron smile. &#8220;Henceforth, my friend,&#8221; said he, &#8220;moderate your
+zeal in hurrying others to the gallows; be not too certain of your own
+safety, even though you should have the law on your side; and, above
+all, take care how you play off your schoolcraft another time upon an
+old soldier.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_20-1" id="Footnote_20-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_20-1" class="label">20-1</a> The Alhambra was the fortified palace, or citadel, of
+the Moorish kings when they reigned over Granada, in Spain. It was built
+in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and is one of the most
+beautiful examples of Moorish architecture.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_20-2" id="Footnote_20-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_20-2" class="label">20-2</a> A toledo is a sword having a blade made at Toledo, in
+Spain, a place famous for blades of remarkably fine temper and great
+elasticity.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_21-3" id="Footnote_21-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_21-3" class="label">21-3</a> <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">Imperium in imperio</em> is a Latin phrase meaning a
+<em>government within a government</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_22-4" id="Footnote_22-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_22-4" class="label">22-4</a> <em lang="es" xml:lang="es">Contrabandista</em> is a Spanish name for a smuggler.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image13" id="image13"></a><a href="images/image13-full.png"><img src="images/image13.png" width="251" height="104" alt="A young man talking to an old man" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<h2 style="font-weight: normal;"><a name="THE_RIME_OF_THE_ANCIENT_MARINER" id="THE_RIME_OF_THE_ANCIENT_MARINER"></a>THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER<a name="FNanchor_29-A" id="FNanchor_29-A"></a><a title="Go to footnote 29-*" href="#Footnote_29-A" class="fnanchor" style="font-size: 70%;">29-*</a></h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Samuel T. Coleridge</span></p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section">PART <abbr title="One">I</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="dropcap">I</span><span class="upper">t is</span> an ancient Mariner,<br />
+And he stoppeth one of three.<br />
+&#8220;By thy long gray beard and glittering eye,<br />
+Now wherefore stopp&#8217;st thou me?</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The Bridegroom&#8217;s doors are opened wide,<br />
+And I am next of kin;<br />
+The guests are met, the feast is set:<br />
+May&#8217;st hear the merry din.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>He holds him with a skinny hand.<br />
+&#8220;There was a ship,&#8221; quoth he.<br />
+&#8220;Hold off! unhand me, gray-beard loon!&#8221;<br />
+Eftsoons<a name="Anchor_30-1" id="Anchor_30-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 30-1" href="#Footnote_30-1" class="fnanchor">30-1</a> his hand dropt he.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">He holds him with his glittering eye&mdash;<br />
+The Wedding-guest stood still,<br />
+And listens like a three years&#8217; child:<br />
+The Mariner hath his will.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">The Wedding-guest sat on a stone:<br />
+He cannot choose but hear;<br />
+And thus spake on that ancient man,<br />
+The bright-eyed Mariner:<a name="Anchor_30-2" id="Anchor_30-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 30-2" href="#Footnote_30-2" class="fnanchor">30-2</a>&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared,<br />
+Merrily did we drop<br />
+Below the kirk, below the hill,<br />
+Below the lighthouse top.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The sun came up upon the left,<a name="Anchor_30-3" id="Anchor_30-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 30-3" href="#Footnote_30-3" class="fnanchor">30-3</a><br />
+Out of the sea came he!<br />
+And he shone bright, and on the right<br />
+Went down into the sea.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Higher and higher every day,<br />
+Till over the mast at noon&mdash;&#8221;<a name="Anchor_30-4" id="Anchor_30-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 30-4" href="#Footnote_30-4" class="fnanchor">30-4</a><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span>The Wedding-guest here beat his breast,<br />
+For he heard the loud bassoon.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">The bride hath paced into the hall,<br />
+Red as a rose is she;<br />
+Nodding their heads before her goes<br />
+The merry minstrelsy.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">The Wedding-guest he beat his breast,<br />
+Yet he cannot choose but hear;<br />
+And thus spake on that ancient man,<br />
+The bright-eyed Mariner:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And now the storm-blast came, and he<br />
+Was tyrannous and strong;<br />
+He struck with his o&#8217;ertaking wings,<br />
+And chased us south along.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;With sloping masts and dipping prow,<br />
+As who<a name="Anchor_31-5" id="Anchor_31-5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 31-5" href="#Footnote_31-5" class="fnanchor">31-5</a> pursued with yell and blow<br />
+Still treads the shadow of his foe<a name="Anchor_31-6" id="Anchor_31-6"></a><a title="Go to footnote 31-6" href="#Footnote_31-6" class="fnanchor">31-6</a>,<br />
+And forward bends his head,<br />
+The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast,<br />
+And southward aye we fled.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And now there came both mist and snow,<br />
+And it grew wondrous cold:<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>And ice, mast-high, came floating by,<br />
+As green as emerald.<a name="Anchor_32-7" id="Anchor_32-7"></a><a title="Go to footnote 32-7" href="#Footnote_32-7" class="fnanchor">32-7</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And through the drifts, the snowy clifts<a name="Anchor_32-8" id="Anchor_32-8"></a><a title="Go to footnote 32-8" href="#Footnote_32-8" class="fnanchor">32-8</a><br />
+Did send a dismal sheen:<br />
+Nor shapes of men nor beasts we ken&mdash;<br />
+The ice was all between.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The ice was here, the ice was there,<br />
+The ice was all around:<br />
+It cracked and growled, and roared and howled,<br />
+Like noises in a swound!<a name="Anchor_32-9" id="Anchor_32-9"></a><a title="Go to footnote 32-9" href="#Footnote_32-9" class="fnanchor">32-9</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;At length did cross an Albatross,<br />
+Thorough<a name="Anchor_32-10" id="Anchor_32-10"></a><a title="Go to footnote 32-10" href="#Footnote_32-10" class="fnanchor">32-10</a> the fog it came;<br />
+As if it had been a Christian soul,<br />
+We hailed it in God&#8217;s name.<a name="Anchor_32-11" id="Anchor_32-11"></a><a title="Go to footnote 32-11" href="#Footnote_32-11" class="fnanchor">32-11</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;It ate the food it ne&#8217;er had eat,<br />
+And round and round it flew.<br />
+The ice did split with a thunder-fit;<br />
+The helmsman steered us through.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image14" id="image14"></a><a href="images/image14-full.png"><img src="images/image14.png" width="251" height="395" alt="The albatross falling to the deck" title=" style=&quot;font-size: 70%;&quot;" /></a>
+<span class="caption">I SHOT THE ALBATROSS</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And a good south wind sprung up behind;<a name="Anchor_34-12" id="Anchor_34-12"></a><a title="Go to footnote 34-12" href="#Footnote_34-12" class="fnanchor">34-12</a><br />
+The Albatross did follow,<br />
+And every day, for food or play,<br />
+Came to the mariner&#8217;s hollo!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud,<br />
+It perched for vespers nine;<br />
+Whiles all the night, through fog-smoke white,<br />
+Glimmered the white moonshine.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;God save thee, ancient Mariner,<br />
+From the fiends that plague thee thus!&mdash;<br />
+Why look&#8217;st thou so?&#8221;&mdash;&#8220;With my cross-bow<br />
+I shot the Albatross.&#8221;</p>
+
+<h3 class="section">PART <abbr title="Two">II</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="dropcap">&#8220;T</span><span class="upper">he</span> Sun now rose upon the right:<a name="Anchor_34-13" id="Anchor_34-13"></a><a title="Go to footnote 34-13" href="#Footnote_34-13" class="fnanchor">34-13</a><br />
+Out of the sea came he,<br />
+Still hid in mist, and on the left<br />
+Went down into the sea.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And the good south wind still blew behind,<br />
+But no sweet bird did follow,<br />
+Nor any day for food or play<br />
+Came to the mariner&#8217;s hollo!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And I had done a hellish thing,<br />
+And it would work &#8217;em woe:<br />
+For all averred I had killed the bird<br />
+That made the breeze to blow,&mdash;<br />
+Ah wretch! said they, the bird to slay,<br />
+That made the breeze to blow.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span>&#8220;Nor dim, nor red, like God&#8217;s own head,<br />
+The glorious Sun uprist:<a name="Anchor_35-14" id="Anchor_35-14"></a><a title="Go to footnote 35-14" href="#Footnote_35-14" class="fnanchor">35-14</a><br />
+Then all averred I had killed the bird<br />
+That brought the fog and mist.<br />
+&#8217;Twas right, said they, such birds to slay,<br />
+That bring the fog and mist.<a name="Anchor_35-15" id="Anchor_35-15"></a><a title="Go to footnote 35-15" href="#Footnote_35-15" class="fnanchor">35-15</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,<br />
+The furrow followed free;<a name="Anchor_35-16" id="Anchor_35-16"></a><a title="Go to footnote 35-16" href="#Footnote_35-16" class="fnanchor">35-16</a><br />
+We were the first that ever burst<br />
+Into that silent sea.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Down dropt the breeze, the sails dropt down,<br />
+&#8217;Twas sad as sad could be;<br />
+And we did speak only to break<br />
+The silence of the sea!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;All in a hot and copper sky,<br />
+The bloody Sun, at noon,<br />
+Right up above the mast did stand,<a name="Anchor_35-17" id="Anchor_35-17"></a><a title="Go to footnote 35-17" href="#Footnote_35-17" class="fnanchor">35-17</a><br />
+No bigger than the Moon.<a name="Anchor_35-18" id="Anchor_35-18"></a><a title="Go to footnote 35-18" href="#Footnote_35-18" class="fnanchor">35-18</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Day after day, day after day,<br />
+We stuck, nor breath nor motion;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span>As idle as a painted ship<br />
+Upon a painted ocean.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Water, water, everywhere,<br />
+And all the boards did shrink;<br />
+Water, water, everywhere,<br />
+Nor any drop to drink.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The very deep did rot: O Christ!<br />
+That ever this should be!<br />
+Yea, slimy things did crawl with legs<br />
+Upon the slimy sea.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;About, about, in reel and rout<a name="Anchor_36-19" id="Anchor_36-19"></a><a title="Go to footnote 36-19" href="#Footnote_36-19" class="fnanchor">36-19</a><br />
+The death-fires<a name="Anchor_36-20" id="Anchor_36-20"></a><a title="Go to footnote 36-20" href="#Footnote_36-20" class="fnanchor">36-20</a> danced at night;<br />
+The water, like a witch&#8217;s oils,<br />
+Burnt green, and blue, and white.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And some in dreams assur&egrave;d were<br />
+Of the Spirit that plagued us so;<br />
+Nine fathom deep he had followed us<br />
+From the land of mist and snow.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And every tongue, through utter drought,<br />
+Was withered at the root;<br />
+We could not speak, no more than if<br />
+We had been choked with soot.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Ah! well a day! what evil looks<br />
+Had I from old and young!<br />
+Instead of the cross, the Albatross<br />
+About my neck was hung.<a name="Anchor_36-21" id="Anchor_36-21"></a><a title="Go to footnote 36-21" href="#Footnote_36-21" class="fnanchor">36-21</a></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="section">PART <abbr title="Three">III</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="dropcap">&#8220;T</span><span class="upper">here</span> passed a weary time. Each throat<br />
+Was parched, and glazed each eye.<br />
+A weary time! a weary time!<br />
+How glazed each weary eye!<br />
+When looking westward, I beheld<br />
+A something in the sky.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;At first it seemed a little speck,<br />
+And then it seemed a mist:<br />
+It moved and moved, and took at last<br />
+A certain shape, I wist.<a name="Anchor_37-22" id="Anchor_37-22"></a><a title="Go to footnote 37-22" href="#Footnote_37-22" class="fnanchor">37-22</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist!<br />
+And still it neared and neared:<br />
+As if it dodged a water-sprite,<br />
+It plunged, and tacked, and veered.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;With throats unslaked, with black lips baked<br />
+We could not laugh nor wail;<br />
+Through utter drought all dumb we stood!<br />
+I bit my arm, I sucked the blood,<br />
+And cried, A sail! a sail!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;With throats unslaked, with black lips baked,<br />
+Agape they heard me call:<br />
+Gramercy!<a name="Anchor_37-23" id="Anchor_37-23"></a><a title="Go to footnote 37-23" href="#Footnote_37-23" class="fnanchor">37-23</a> they for joy did grin,<a name="Anchor_37-24" id="Anchor_37-24"></a><a title="Go to footnote 37-24" href="#Footnote_37-24" class="fnanchor">37-24</a><br />
+And all at once their breath drew in,<br />
+As they were drinking all.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<a name="image15" id="image15"></a><a href="images/image15-full.png"><img src="images/image15.png" width="250" height="306" alt="A man in the rigging of a ship" title="AND STRAIGHT THE SUN WAS FLECKED WITH BARS" /></a>
+<span class="caption">AND STRAIGHT THE SUN WAS FLECKED WITH BARS</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;See! see! (I cried) she tacks no more!<br />
+Hither to work us weal;<br />
+Without a breeze, without a tide,<br />
+She steadies with upright keel!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The western wave was all a-flame,<br />
+The day was well-nigh done!<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>Almost upon the western wave<br />
+Rested the broad, bright Sun;<br />
+When that strange shape drove suddenly<br />
+Betwixt us and the Sun.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And straight the Sun was flecked with bars,<br />
+(Heaven&#8217;s Mother send us grace!)<br />
+As if through a dungeon grate he peered<br />
+With broad and burning face.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Alas! (thought I, and my heart beat loud)<br />
+How fast she nears and nears!<br />
+Are those her sails that glance in the Sun,<br />
+Like restless gossameres?<a name="Anchor_39-25" id="Anchor_39-25"></a><a title="Go to footnote 39-25" href="#Footnote_39-25" class="fnanchor">39-25</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Are those her ribs through which the Sun<br />
+Did peer, as through a grate?<br />
+And is that Woman all her crew?<br />
+Is that a Death? and are there two?<br />
+Is Death that Woman&#8217;s mate?</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Her lips were red, her looks were free,<br />
+Her locks were yellow as gold:<br />
+Her skin was as white as leprosy,<br />
+The Night-mare Life-in-Death was she,<br />
+Who thicks man&#8217;s blood with cold.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The naked hulk alongside came,<br />
+And the twain were casting dice;<br />
+&#8216;The game is done! I&#8217;ve won, I&#8217;ve won!&#8217;<a name="Anchor_39-26" id="Anchor_39-26"></a><a title="Go to footnote 39-26" href="#Footnote_39-26" class="fnanchor">39-26</a><br />
+Quoth she, and whistles thrice.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span>&#8220;The Sun&#8217;s rim dips: the stars rush out:<br />
+At one stride comes the dark;<a name="Anchor_40-27" id="Anchor_40-27"></a><a title="Go to footnote 40-27" href="#Footnote_40-27" class="fnanchor">40-27</a><br />
+With far-heard whisper, o&#8217;er the sea,<br />
+Off shot the spectre-bark.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;We listened and looked sideways up!<br />
+Fear at my heart, as at a cup,<br />
+My life-blood seemed to sip!<br />
+The stars were dim, and thick the night,<br />
+The steersman&#8217;s face by his lamp gleamed white;<br />
+From the sails the dew did drip&mdash;<br />
+Till clomb<a name="Anchor_40-28" id="Anchor_40-28"></a><a title="Go to footnote 40-28" href="#Footnote_40-28" class="fnanchor">40-28</a> above the eastern bar<br />
+The horn&egrave;d Moon,<a name="Anchor_40-29" id="Anchor_40-29"></a><a title="Go to footnote 40-29" href="#Footnote_40-29" class="fnanchor">40-29</a> with one bright star<br />
+Within the nether tip.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;One after one, by the star-dogged Moon,<br />
+Too quick for groan or sigh,<br />
+Each turned his face with a ghastly pang,<br />
+And cursed me with his eye.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Four times fifty living men,<br />
+(And I heard nor sigh nor groan)<br />
+With heavy thump, a lifeless lump,<br />
+They dropped down one by one.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The souls did from their bodies fly,&mdash;<br />
+They fled to bliss or woe!<br />
+And every soul, it passed me by,<br />
+Like the whiz of my cross-bow!&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p>
+<h3 class="section">PART <abbr title="Four">IV</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="dropcap">&#8220;I</span> <span class="upper">fear</span> thee, ancient Mariner!<br />
+I fear thy skinny hand!<br />
+And thou art long, and lank and brown.<br />
+As is the ribbed sea-sand.<a name="Anchor_41-30" id="Anchor_41-30"></a><a title="Go to footnote 41-30" href="#Footnote_41-30" class="fnanchor">41-30</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I fear thee and thy glittering eye,<br />
+And thy skinny hand so brown.&#8221;<br />
+&#8220;Fear not, fear not, thou Wedding-guest!<br />
+This body dropt not down.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Alone, alone, all, all alone,<br />
+Alone on a wide, wide sea!<br />
+And never a saint took pity on<br />
+My soul in agony.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The many men, so beautiful!<br />
+And they all dead did lie:<br />
+And a thousand, thousand slimy things<br />
+Lived on; and so did I.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I looked upon the rotting sea,<br />
+And drew my eyes away;<br />
+I looked upon the rotting deck,<br />
+And there the dead men lay.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I looked to heaven, and tried to pray<br />
+But or ever a prayer had gusht,<br />
+A wicked whisper came, and made<br />
+My heart as dry as dust.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I closed my lids, and kept them close,<br />
+And the balls like pulses beat;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>For the sky and the sea, and the sea and the sky,<a name="Anchor_42-31" id="Anchor_42-31"></a><a title="Go to footnote 42-31" href="#Footnote_42-31" class="fnanchor">42-31</a><br />
+Lay like a load on my weary eye,<br />
+And the dead were at my feet.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The cold sweat melted from their limbs,<br />
+Nor rot nor reek did they:<br />
+The look with which they looked on me<br />
+Had never passed away.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 249px;">
+<a name="image16" id="image16"></a><a href="images/image16-full.png"><img src="images/image16.png" width="249" height="102" alt="A man looking at sea-serpents near the ship" title="I WATCHED THE WATER-SNAKES" /></a>
+<span class="caption">I WATCHED THE WATER-SNAKES</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;An orphan&#8217;s curse would drag to hell<br />
+A spirit from on high;<br />
+But oh! more horrible than that<br />
+Is the curse in a dead man&#8217;s eye!<br />
+Seven days, seven nights, I saw that curse,<br />
+And yet I could not die.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The moving Moon went up the sky,<br />
+And nowhere did abide:<br />
+Softly she was going up,<br />
+And a star or two beside&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>&#8220;Her beams bemock&#8217;d the sultry main,<br />
+Like April hoar-frost spread;<br />
+But where the ship&#8217;s huge shadow lay,<br />
+The charm&egrave;d water burnt alway<br />
+A still and awful red.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Beyond the shadow of the ship,<br />
+I watched the water-snakes:<br />
+They moved in tracks of shining white,<br />
+And when they reared, the elfish light<br />
+Fell off in hoary flakes.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Within the shadow of the ship<br />
+I watched their rich attire:<br />
+Blue, glossy green, and velvet black,<br />
+They coiled and swam; and every track<br />
+Was a flash of golden fire.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;O happy living things! no tongue<br />
+Their beauty might declare:<br />
+A spring of love gushed from my heart,<br />
+And I blessed them unaware:<br />
+Sure my kind saint took pity on me,<br />
+And I blessed them unaware.<a name="Anchor_43-32" id="Anchor_43-32"></a><a title="Go to footnote 43-32" href="#Footnote_43-32" class="fnanchor">43-32</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The selfsame moment I could pray;<br />
+And from my neck so free<br />
+The Albatross fell off, and sank<br />
+Like lead into the sea.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="section">PART <abbr title="Five">V</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="dropcap">&#8220;O</span> <span class="upper">sleep</span>! it is a gentle thing,<br />
+Beloved from pole to pole!<br />
+To Mary Queen the praise be given!<br />
+She sent the gentle sleep from heaven,<br />
+That slid into my soul.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The silly<a name="Anchor_44-33" id="Anchor_44-33"></a><a title="Go to footnote 44-33" href="#Footnote_44-33" class="fnanchor">44-33</a> buckets on the deck,<br />
+That had so long remained,<br />
+I dreamt that they were filled with dew;<br />
+And when I awoke, it rained.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;My lips were wet, my throat was cold,<br />
+My garments all were dank;<br />
+Sure I had drunken in my dreams,<br />
+And still my body drank.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I moved, and could not feel my limbs:<br />
+I was so light&mdash;almost<br />
+I thought that I had died in sleep,<br />
+And was a bless&egrave;d ghost.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And soon I heard a roaring wind:<br />
+It did not come anear;<br />
+But with its sound it shook the sails,<br />
+That were so thin and sere.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The upper air burst into life!<br />
+And a hundred fire-flags sheen,<a name="Anchor_44-34" id="Anchor_44-34"></a><a title="Go to footnote 44-34" href="#Footnote_44-34" class="fnanchor">44-34</a><br />
+To and fro they were hurried about!<br />
+And to and fro, and in and out,<br />
+The wan stars danced between.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>&#8220;And the coming wind did roar more loud,<br />
+And the sails did sigh like sedge:<a name="Anchor_45-35" id="Anchor_45-35"></a><a title="Go to footnote 45-35" href="#Footnote_45-35" class="fnanchor">45-35</a><br />
+And the rain poured down from one black cloud:<br />
+The Moon was at its edge.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image17" id="image17"></a><a href="images/image17-full.png"><img src="images/image17.png" width="252" height="306" alt="The ancient mariner with the albatross hanging from his neck" title="THEY GROANED, THEY STIRRED, THEY ALL UPROSE" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THEY GROANED, THEY STIRRED, THEY ALL UPROSE</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The thick black cloud was cleft, and still<br />
+The Moon was at its side:<br />
+Like waters shot from some high crag,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span>The lightning fell with never a jag,<br />
+A river steep and wide.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The loud wind never reached the ship,<br />
+Yet now the ship moved on!<br />
+Beneath the lightning and the Moon<br />
+The dead men gave a groan.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;They groaned, they stirred, they all uprose,<br />
+Nor spake, nor moved their eyes;<br />
+It had been strange, even in a dream,<br />
+To have seen those dead men rise.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The helmsman steered; the ship moved on;<br />
+Yet never a breeze up blew;<br />
+The mariners all &#8217;gan work the ropes,<br />
+Where they were wont to do;<br />
+They raised their limbs like lifeless tools&mdash;<br />
+We were a ghastly crew.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The body of my brother&#8217;s son<br />
+Stood by me, knee to knee:<br />
+The body and I pulled at one rope,<br />
+But he said naught to me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I fear thee, ancient Mariner!&#8221;<br />
+&#8220;Be calm, thou Wedding-guest!<br />
+&#8217;Twas not those souls that fled in pain,<br />
+Which to their corses came again,<br />
+But a troop of spirits blest:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;For when it dawned&mdash;they dropped their arms,<br />
+And clustered round the mast;<br />
+Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths,<br />
+And from their bodies passed.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span>&#8220;Around, around, flew each sweet sound,<br />
+Then darted to the Sun;<br />
+Slowly the sounds came back again,<br />
+Now mixed, now one by one.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Sometimes a-drooping from the sky<br />
+I heard the sky-lark sing;<br />
+Sometimes all little birds that are,<br />
+How they seemed to fill the sea and air<br />
+With their sweet jargoning!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And now &#8217;twas like all instruments,<br />
+Now like a lonely flute;<br />
+And now it is an angel&#8217;s song,<br />
+That makes the heavens be mute.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;It ceased; yet still the sails made on<br />
+A pleasant noise till noon,<br />
+A noise like of a hidden brook<br />
+In the leafy month of June,<br />
+That to the sleeping woods all night<br />
+Singeth a quiet tune.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Till noon we quietly sailed on,<br />
+Yet never a breeze did breathe:<br />
+Slowly and smoothly went the ship,<br />
+Moved onward from beneath.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Under the keel nine fathom deep,<br />
+From the land of mist and snow,<br />
+The spirit slid: and it was he<br />
+That made the ship to go.<br />
+The sails at noon left off their tune,<br />
+And the ship stood still also.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span>&#8220;The Sun, right up above the mast,<br />
+Had fixed her to the ocean:<br />
+But in a minute she &#8217;gan stir,<br />
+With a short, uneasy motion&mdash;<br />
+Backwards and forwards half her length<br />
+With a short, uneasy motion.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Then like a pawing horse let go,<br />
+She made a sudden bound:<br />
+It flung the blood into my head,<br />
+And I fell down in a swound.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;How long in that same fit I lay,<br />
+I have not to declare;<br />
+But ere my living life returned,<br />
+I heard, and in my soul discerned,<br />
+Two voices in the air.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;Is it he?&#8217; quoth one, &#8216;Is this the man?<br />
+By him who died on cross,<br />
+With his cruel bow he laid full low<br />
+The harmless Albatross.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;The spirit who bideth by himself<br />
+In the land of mist and snow,<br />
+He loved the bird that loved the man<br />
+Who shot him with his bow.&#8217;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The other was a softer voice,<br />
+As soft as honey-dew:<br />
+Quoth he, &#8216;The man hath penance done,<br />
+And penance more will do.&#8217;&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 301px;">
+<a name="image18" id="image18"></a><a href="images/image18-full.jpg"><img src="images/image18.jpg" width="301" height="400" alt="A ship sailing" title="Slowly and Smoothly Went The Ship" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">Slowly and Smoothly Went the Ship</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="section">PART <abbr title="Six">VI</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>First Voice</em></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="dropcap">&#8220;&#8216;B</span><span class="upper">ut</span> tell me, tell me! speak again,<br />
+Thy soft response renewing&mdash;<br />
+What makes that ship drive on so fast?<br />
+What is the ocean doing?&#8217;</p>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>Second Voice</em></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;Still as a slave before his lord,<br />
+The ocean hath no blast;<br />
+His great bright eye most silently<br />
+Up to the Moon is cast&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;If he may know which way to go;<br />
+For she guides him smooth or grim.<br />
+See, brother, see! how graciously<br />
+She looketh down on him.&#8217;</p>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>First Voice</em></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;But why drives on that ship so fast,<br />
+Without or wave or wind?&#8217;<a name="Anchor_49-36" id="Anchor_49-36"></a><a title="Go to footnote 49-36" href="#Footnote_49-36" class="fnanchor">49-36</a></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>Second Voice</em></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;The air is cut away before,<br />
+And closes from behind.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;Fly, brother, fly! more high, more high!<br />
+Or we shall be belated:<br />
+For slow and slow that ship will go,<br />
+When the mariner&#8217;s trance is abated.&#8217;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span>&#8220;I woke, and we were sailing on<br />
+As in a gentle weather:<br />
+&#8217;Twas night, calm night, the Moon was high;<br />
+The dead men stood together.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;All stood together on the deck,<br />
+For a charnel-dungeon<a name="Anchor_50-37" id="Anchor_50-37"></a><a title="Go to footnote 50-37" href="#Footnote_50-37" class="fnanchor">50-37</a> fitter:<br />
+All fixed on me their stony eyes,<br />
+That in the Moon did glitter.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The pang, the curse, with which they died,<br />
+Had never passed away:<br />
+I could not draw my eyes from theirs,<br />
+Nor turn them up to pray.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And now this spell was snapt:<a name="Anchor_50-38" id="Anchor_50-38"></a><a title="Go to footnote 50-38" href="#Footnote_50-38" class="fnanchor">50-38</a> once more<br />
+I viewed the ocean green,<br />
+And looked far forth, yet little saw<br />
+Of what had else been seen&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Like one, that on a lonesome road<br />
+Doth walk in fear and dread,<br />
+And having once turned round walks on,<br />
+And turns no more his head;<br />
+Because he knows a frightful fiend<br />
+Doth close behind him tread.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;But soon there breathed a wind on me,<br />
+Nor sound nor motion made:<br />
+Its path was not upon the sea,<br />
+In ripple or in shade.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>&#8220;It raised my hair, it fanned my cheek<br />
+Like a meadow-gale of spring&mdash;<br />
+It mingled strangely with my fears,<br />
+Yet it felt like a welcoming.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Swiftly, swiftly flew the ship,<br />
+Yet she sailed softly too:<br />
+Sweetly, sweetly blew the breeze&mdash;<br />
+On me alone it blew.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Oh! dream of joy! is this indeed<br />
+The lighthouse top I see?<br />
+Is this the hill? is this the kirk?<br />
+Is this mine own countree?</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;We drifted o&#8217;er the harbour-bar,<br />
+And I with sobs did pray&mdash;<br />
+O let me be awake, my God!<br />
+Or let me sleep alway.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The harbour-bay was clear as glass,<br />
+So smoothly it was strewn!<br />
+And on the bay the moonlight lay,<br />
+And the shadow of the Moon.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The rock shone bright, the kirk no less,<br />
+That stands above the rock:<br />
+The moonlight steeped in silentness<br />
+The steady weathercock.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And the bay was white with silent light,<br />
+Till, rising from the same,<br />
+Full many shapes, that shadows were,<br />
+In crimson colours came.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span>&#8220;A little distance from the prow<br />
+Those crimson shadows were:<br />
+I turned my eyes upon the deck&mdash;<br />
+O Christ! what saw I there!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Each corse lay flat, lifeless and flat,<br />
+And, by the holy rood!<a name="Anchor_52-39" id="Anchor_52-39"></a><a title="Go to footnote 52-39" href="#Footnote_52-39" class="fnanchor">52-39</a><br />
+A man all light, a seraph-man,<br />
+On every corse there stood.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;This seraph-band, each waved his hand:<br />
+It was a heavenly sight!<br />
+They stood as signals to the land.<br />
+Each one a lovely light;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;This seraph-band, each waved his hand:<br />
+No voice did they impart&mdash;<br />
+No voice; but oh! the silence sank<br />
+Like music on my heart.<a name="Anchor_52-40" id="Anchor_52-40"></a><a title="Go to footnote 52-40" href="#Footnote_52-40" class="fnanchor">52-40</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;But soon I heard the dash of oars,<br />
+I heard the Pilot&#8217;s cheer;<br />
+My head was turned perforce away,<br />
+And I saw a boat appear.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The Pilot and the Pilot&#8217;s boy,<br />
+I heard them coming fast:<br />
+Dear Lord in Heaven! it was a joy<br />
+The dead men could not blast.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I saw a third&mdash;I heard his voice:<br />
+It is the Hermit good!<br />
+He singeth loud his godly hymns<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>That he makes in the wood.<br />
+He&#8217;ll shrieve my soul, he&#8217;ll wash away<br />
+The Albatross&#8217;s blood.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section">PART <abbr title="Seven">VII</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="dropcap">&#8220;T</span><span class="upper">his</span> Hermit good lives in that wood<br />
+Which slopes down to the sea.<br />
+How loudly his sweet voice he rears!<br />
+He loves to talk with marineres<br />
+That come from a far countree.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;He kneels at morn, and noon, and eve&mdash;<br />
+He hath a cushion plump:<br />
+It is the moss that wholly hides<br />
+The rotted old oak-stump.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The skiff-boat neared: I heard them talk,<br />
+&#8216;Why, this is strange, I trow!<br />
+Where are those lights so many and fair,<br />
+That signal made but now?&#8217;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;Strange, by my faith!&#8217; the Hermit said&mdash;<br />
+&#8216;And they answered not our cheer.<br />
+The planks look warped! and see those sails,<br />
+How thin they are and sere!<br />
+I never saw aught like to them,<br />
+Unless perchance it were</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;Brown skeletons of leaves that lag<br />
+My forest-brook along;<br />
+When the ivy-tod<a name="Anchor_53-41" id="Anchor_53-41"></a><a title="Go to footnote 53-41" href="#Footnote_53-41" class="fnanchor">53-41</a> is heavy with snow,<br />
+And the owlet whoops to the wolf below,<br />
+That eats the she-wolf&#8217;s young.&#8217;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span>&#8220;&#8216;Dear Lord! it hath a fiendish look!&#8217;<br />
+(The Pilot made reply)<br />
+&#8216;I am a-feared&#8217;&mdash;&#8216;Push on, push on!&#8217;<br />
+Said the Hermit cheerily.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The boat came closer to the ship,<br />
+But I nor spake nor stirred;<br />
+The boat came close beneath the ship,<br />
+And straight a sound was heard.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Under the water it rumbled on,<br />
+Still louder and more dread:<br />
+It reached the ship, it split the bay;<br />
+The ship went down like lead.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Stunned by that loud and dreadful sound,<br />
+Which sky and ocean smote,<br />
+Like one that hath been seven days drowned<br />
+My body lay afloat;<br />
+But swift as dreams, myself I found<br />
+Within the Pilot&#8217;s boat.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Upon the whirl where sank the ship,<br />
+The boat spun round and round;<br />
+And all was still, save that the hill<br />
+Was telling of the sound.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I moved my lips&mdash;the Pilot shrieked<br />
+And fell down in a fit;<br />
+The holy Hermit raised his eyes,<br />
+And prayed where he did sit.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I took the oars: the Pilot&#8217;s boy,<br />
+Who now doth crazy go,<br />
+Laughed loud and long, and all the while<br />
+His eyes went to and fro.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span>&#8216;Ha! ha!&#8217; quoth he, &#8216;full plain I see,<br />
+The Devil knows how to row.&#8217;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And now, all in my own countree,<br />
+I stood on the firm land!<br />
+The Hermit stepped forth from the boat,<br />
+And scarcely he could stand.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image19" id="image19"></a><a href="images/image19-full.png"><img src="images/image19.png" width="252" height="306" alt="A man pleading for mercy from a priest" title="&#8216;O SHRIEVE ME, SHRIEVE ME, HOLY MAN&#8217;" /></a>
+<span class="caption">&#8216;O SHRIEVE ME, SHRIEVE ME, HOLY MAN&#8217;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;&#8216;O shrieve me, shrieve me, holy man!&#8217;<br />
+The Hermit crossed his brow.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>&#8216;Say quick,&#8217; quoth he, &#8216;I bid thee say&mdash;<br />
+What manner of man art thou?&#8217;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Forthwith this frame of mine was wrenched<br />
+With a woeful agony,<br />
+Which forced me to begin my tale;<br />
+And then it left me free.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Since then, at an uncertain hour,<br />
+That agony returns:<br />
+And till my ghastly tale is told,<br />
+This heart within me burns.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;I pass, like night, from land to land;<br />
+I have strange power of speech;<br />
+The moment that his face I see,<br />
+I know the man that must hear me:<br />
+To him my tale I teach.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;What loud uproar bursts from that door!<br />
+The wedding-guests are there:<br />
+But in the garden-bower the bride<br />
+And bridesmaids singing are:<br />
+And hark the little vesper bell,<br />
+Which biddeth me to prayer!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;O Wedding-guest! This soul hath been<br />
+Alone on a wide, wide sea:<br />
+So lonely &#8217;twas, that God himself<br />
+Scarce seemed there to be.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;O sweeter than the marriage feast,<br />
+&#8217;Tis sweeter far to me,<br />
+To walk together to the kirk<br />
+With a goodly company!</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span>&#8220;To walk together to the kirk,<br />
+And all together pray,<br />
+While each to his great Father bends,<br />
+Old men, and babes, and loving friends,<br />
+And youths and maidens gay!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Farewell, farewell! but this I tell<br />
+To thee, thou Wedding-guest!<br />
+He prayeth well, who loveth well<br />
+Both man and bird and beast.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;He prayeth best, who loveth best<br />
+All things both great and small;<br />
+For the dear God who loveth us,<br />
+He made and loveth all.&#8221;<a name="Anchor_57-42" id="Anchor_57-42"></a><a title="Go to footnote 57-42" href="#Footnote_57-42" class="fnanchor">57-42</a></p>
+
+<p class="poem">The Mariner, whose eye is bright,<br />
+Whose beard with age is hoar,<br />
+Is gone: and now the Wedding-guest<br />
+Turned from the bridegroom&#8217;s door.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">He went like one that hath been stunned,<br />
+And is of sense forlorn:<br />
+A sadder and a wiser man,<br />
+He rose the morrow morn.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 248px;">
+<a name="image20" id="image20"></a><img src="images/image20.png" width="248" height="103" alt="A young man glancing at an old man, walking with a staff" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_29-A" id="Footnote_29-A"></a><a href="#FNanchor_29-A" class="label">29-*</a> <span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;In 1798 there was published in England a little
+volume of poems known as <cite>Lyrical Ballads</cite>. This collection brought to
+its two young authors, Wordsworth and Coleridge, little immediate fame,
+but not long afterward people began to realize that much that was
+contained in the little book was real poetry, and great poetry. The
+chief contribution of Coleridge to this venture was <cite>The Ancient
+Mariner</cite>.
+</p><p>
+The poem as originally printed had a series of quaintly explanatory
+notes in the margin, and an introductory argument which read as follows:
+</p><p>
+&#8220;How a ship having passed the Line, was driven by storms to the cold
+Country towards the South Pole; and how from thence she made her course
+to the tropical latitudes of the great Pacific Ocean, and of the strange
+things that befell; and in what manner the Ancient Mariner came back to
+his own country.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_30-1" id="Footnote_30-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_30-1" class="label">30-1</a> <em>Eftsoons</em> means <em>quickly</em>. The poem is written in
+ballad form, and many quaint old words are introduced.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_30-2" id="Footnote_30-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_30-2" class="label">30-2</a> Such rhymes as this&mdash;<em>Mariner</em> with <em>hear</em>,&mdash;were common
+in the old ballads which Coleridge so perfectly imitates.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_30-3" id="Footnote_30-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_30-3" class="label">30-3</a> Does this line tell you anything about the direction in
+which they were sailing?</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_30-4" id="Footnote_30-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_30-4" class="label">30-4</a> Where was the ship when the sun stood &#8220;over the mast at
+noon&#8221;?</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_31-5" id="Footnote_31-5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_31-5" class="label">31-5</a> Two words are to be understood in this line&mdash;&#8220;As <em>one</em>
+who <em>is</em> pursued.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_31-6" id="Footnote_31-6"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_31-6" class="label">31-6</a> Is not this an effective line? Can you think of any way
+in which the closeness of the foe could be more effectively suggested?</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_32-7" id="Footnote_32-7"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_32-7" class="label">32-7</a> Coleridge&#8217;s wonderful power of painting word-pictures is
+shown in this and the succeeding stanzas. With the simplest language he
+makes us realize the absolute lonesomeness and desolateness of the
+scene: he produces in us something of the same feeling of awe and horror
+that we should have were we actually in the situation he describes.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_32-8" id="Footnote_32-8"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_32-8" class="label">32-8</a> <em>Clifts</em> means <em>cleft rocks</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_32-9" id="Footnote_32-9"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_32-9" class="label">32-9</a> &#8220;Like noises <em>one hears</em> in a swound.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_32-10" id="Footnote_32-10"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_32-10" class="label">32-10</a> <em>Thorough</em> is used here instead of <em>through</em>, as it
+often is in poetry, for the sake of the meter.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_32-11" id="Footnote_32-11"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_32-11" class="label">32-11</a> Besides the joy the sailors felt at seeing a living
+creature after the days in which they had seen &#8220;nor shapes of men nor
+beasts,&#8221; they had a special pleasure in welcoming the albatross because
+it was regarded as a bird of good omen.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_34-12" id="Footnote_34-12"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_34-12" class="label">34-12</a> Coleridge does not state that it was the albatross that
+brought the &#8220;good south wind:&#8221; he lets us infer it.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_34-13" id="Footnote_34-13"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_34-13" class="label">34-13</a> In what direction were they sailing now?</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_35-14" id="Footnote_35-14"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_35-14" class="label">35-14</a> <em>Uprist</em> is an old form for <em>uprose</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_35-15" id="Footnote_35-15"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_35-15" class="label">35-15</a> It was this attitude of the sailors toward the
+mariner&#8217;s brutal act of killing the bird that brought punishment upon
+them; they cared nothing for the death of the harmless bird, but only
+for its effect upon them.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_35-16" id="Footnote_35-16"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_35-16" class="label">35-16</a> Note the striking alliteration in these two lines. Read
+this stanza and the succeeding one aloud, and see how much easier it is
+to read these alliterative lines rapidly than it is any of the other six
+lines. Such relation of movement to meaning is one of the artistic
+things about the poem.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_35-17" id="Footnote_35-17"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_35-17" class="label">35-17</a> How far northward had the ship returned?</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_35-18" id="Footnote_35-18"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_35-18" class="label">35-18</a> When such a definite picture is presented, close your
+eyes and try to see it. Did you ever see the sun when it seemed to have
+no radiance&mdash;when it was just a red circle?</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_36-19" id="Footnote_36-19"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_36-19" class="label">36-19</a> A rout is a confused and whirling dance.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_36-20" id="Footnote_36-20"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_36-20" class="label">36-20</a> The death-fires are a sort of phosphorescent light, or
+will-o&#8217;-the-wisp, supposed to portend death.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_36-21" id="Footnote_36-21"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_36-21" class="label">36-21</a> The shipmates try in this manner to fasten all the
+guilt on the ancient mariner and mark him alone for punishment.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_37-22" id="Footnote_37-22"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_37-22" class="label">37-22</a> <em>Wist</em> means <em>knew</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_37-23" id="Footnote_37-23"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_37-23" class="label">37-23</a> <em>Gramercy</em> is an exclamation derived from the French
+<em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">grand merci</em>, which means <em>great thanks</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_37-24" id="Footnote_37-24"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_37-24" class="label">37-24</a> In a comment on <cite>The Ancient Mariner</cite> Coleridge says:
+&#8220;I took the thought of &#8216;grinning for joy&#8217; from my companion&#8217;s remark to
+me, when we had climbed to the top of Plinlimmon, and were nearly dead
+with thirst. We could not speak from the constriction, till we found a
+little puddle under a stone. He said to me: &#8216;You grinned like an idiot.&#8217;
+He had done the same.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_39-25" id="Footnote_39-25"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_39-25" class="label">39-25</a> Gossameres are the cobweb-like films seen floating in
+the air in summer.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_39-26" id="Footnote_39-26"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_39-26" class="label">39-26</a> Death and Life-in-Death have been casting dice for the
+crew, as to whether they shall die, or live and suffer. Life-in-Death
+has won the ancient mariner.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_40-27" id="Footnote_40-27"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_40-27" class="label">40-27</a> This is Coleridge&#8217;s beautiful way of telling us that in
+the tropics there is little or no twilight.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_40-28" id="Footnote_40-28"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_40-28" class="label">40-28</a> <em>Clomb</em> is an old form of <em>climbed</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_40-29" id="Footnote_40-29"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_40-29" class="label">40-29</a> That is, the waning moon. Did you ever see the moon
+&#8220;with one bright star within the nether tip&#8221;?</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_41-30" id="Footnote_41-30"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_41-30" class="label">41-30</a> In his notes on the poem, Coleridge stated that the
+last two lines of this stanza were composed by Wordsworth.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_42-31" id="Footnote_42-31"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_42-31" class="label">42-31</a> Can you see any reason for the repetition in this line,
+and for the unusual length? Does it suggest the <em>load</em> and the
+<em>weariness</em> in the next line?</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_43-32" id="Footnote_43-32"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_43-32" class="label">43-32</a> This is the turning point of the poem. As soon as the
+mariner felt in his heart love for the &#8220;happy living things,&#8221; the spell
+which had been laid on him for the wanton slaying of the albatross began
+to break. In the third stanza from the end of the poem, this point is
+clearly brought out.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_44-33" id="Footnote_44-33"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_44-33" class="label">44-33</a> <em>Silly</em> here means <em>helpless, useless</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_44-34" id="Footnote_44-34"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_44-34" class="label">44-34</a> <em>Sheen</em> means bright, <em>glittering</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_45-35" id="Footnote_45-35"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_45-35" class="label">45-35</a> Note this fine alliterative line.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_49-36" id="Footnote_49-36"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_49-36" class="label">49-36</a> The mariner has been thrown into a trance, for the ship
+is being driven northward faster than a human being could endure.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_50-37" id="Footnote_50-37"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_50-37" class="label">50-37</a> A charnel-dungeon is a vault or chamber underneath or
+near a church, where the bones of the dead are laid.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_50-38" id="Footnote_50-38"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_50-38" class="label">50-38</a> The sin is finally expiated.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_52-39" id="Footnote_52-39"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_52-39" class="label">52-39</a> The holy rood is the holy cross.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_52-40" id="Footnote_52-40"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_52-40" class="label">52-40</a> &#8220;The silence sank like music on my heart,&#8221; is among the
+beautiful lines that you will often hear quoted.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_53-41" id="Footnote_53-41"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_53-41" class="label">53-41</a> An ivy-tod is a thick clump of ivy.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_57-42" id="Footnote_57-42"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_57-42" class="label">57-42</a> A friend of Coleridge&#8217;s once told him that she admired
+<cite>The Ancient Mariner</cite>, but had a serious fault to find with it&mdash;it had
+no moral. Do you think, as you read this stanza, that her objection was
+a valid one?</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_BLACK_HAWK_TRAGEDY" id="THE_BLACK_HAWK_TRAGEDY"></a>THE BLACK HAWK TRAGEDY<a name="Anchor_58-1" id="Anchor_58-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 58-1" href="#Footnote_58-1" class="fnanchor" style="font-size: 70%;">58-1</a></h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Edwin D. Coe</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapi"><span class="hide">I</span></span> <span class="upper">do</span> not pose as an Indian lover. In fact the instincts and impressions
+of my early life bent me in the opposite direction. My father&#8217;s log
+house, in which I was born, stood within a few rods of Rock River, about
+forty-five miles west of this city. The stream was the boundary line, in
+a half-recognized way, between two tribes of Indians, and a common
+highway for both. I well remember their frequent and unheralded entries
+into our house, and their ready assumption of its privileges. I can see
+them yet&mdash;yes, and smell them, too. In some unventilated chamber of my
+rather capacious nostrils an abiding breath of that intense,
+all-conquering odor of fish, smoke and muskrat, which they brought with
+them, still survives. I well remember their impudent and sometimes
+bullying demeanor; and the horror of one occasion I shall never forget,
+when a stalwart Winnebago, armed with a knife, tomahawk and gun, seized
+my mother by the shoulder as she stood by her ironing table, and shook
+her because she said she had no bread for him. I wrapped myself in her
+skirts and howled in terror. Having been transplanted from the city to
+the wilderness, she had a mortal fear of Indians, but never revealed it
+to them. She had nerve, and <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>resolution as well; and this particular
+fellow she threatened with her hot flat-iron and drove him out of the
+house. So you see I have no occasion for morbid or unnatural sympathy
+with any of the Indian kind.</p>
+
+<p>Black Hawk was born in 1767 at Saukenuk. His father was the war chief of
+the nation and a very successful leader. Young Black Hawk inherited his
+martial spirit and conducted himself so valorously in battle that he was
+recognized as a brave when only fifteen years old. He was enthusiastic
+and venturesome, and before the close of his twentieth year had led
+several expeditions against the Osages and Sioux. It was his boast that
+he had been in a hundred Indian battles and had never suffered defeat.</p>
+
+<p>Life passed pleasantly with Black Hawk and his tribe at Saukenuk for
+many years. The location combined all the advantages possible for their
+mode of existence. When Black Hawk was taken to Washington after his
+capture in 1832, he made an eloquent and most pathetic speech at one of
+the many interviews which he held with the high officials of the
+government. He said: &#8220;Our home was very beautiful. My house always had
+plenty. I never had to turn friend or stranger away for lack of food.
+The island was our garden. There the young people gathered plums,
+apples, grapes, berries and nuts. The rapids furnished us fish. On the
+bottom lands our women raised corn, beans and squashes. The young men
+hunted game on the prairie and in the woods. It was good for us. When I
+see the great fields and big villages of the white people, I wonder why
+they wish to take our little territory from us.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span>We are apt to regard the agriculture of the Indians as of small moment,
+but the Sauks and Foxes cultivated three thousand acres on the peninsula
+between the Rock and the Mississippi. Black Hawk said it was eight
+hundred acres, but the measurement of the cornfields shows that the area
+was nearly four times that. Of this the Foxes, who were much the smaller
+and weaker tribe, farmed five hundred acres; they also occupied
+considerable land on the opposite side of the Mississippi, where the
+city of Davenport now stands. These lands were all fenced with posts and
+rails, the latter being held in place by bark withes. The barrier was
+sufficient to keep the ponies out of the corn, but their lately acquired
+razor-back hogs gave them more trouble. The work of preparing a field
+for their planting involved much labor. The women heaped the ground into
+hills nearly three feet high, and the corn was planted in the top for
+many successive years without renewing the hills. Accordingly a field
+was much more easily prepared on the mellow bottom lands than on the
+tough prairie sod. They raised three kinds of corn: a sweet corn for
+roasting ears, a hard variety for hominy and a softer for meal. They
+also cultivated beans, squashes, pumpkins, artichokes and some tobacco.
+The Sauks at one time sold three thousand bushels of corn to the
+government officials at Fort Crawford for their horses. The Winnebagoes
+at Lake Koshkonong sold four thousand bushels of corn to General
+Atkinson when he was pursuing Black Hawk in 1832. The hundreds of acres
+of corn hills still visible about the latter lake show how extensively
+that region was inhabited and farmed by the Indians.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span>Aside from the devastating wars which the tribe carried on with their
+new enemies west of the great river, whereby their numbers were steadily
+reduced, no serious shadow fell upon their life at and about Rock Island
+till the year 1804. A French trader had established himself a few miles
+below on the Mississippi. The young braves and squaws delighted in
+visiting his place and were always sure of a dance in the evening. One
+night in that year an Indian killed one of the habitues of the place,
+the provocation being unbearable. A few weeks after demand was made that
+he be given up, and he was at once surrendered and taken to Saint Louis.</p>
+
+<p>Soon after, his relative, Quashquamme, one of the sub-chiefs of the
+tribe, and four or five other Sauks went to Saint Louis to work for his
+release. A bargain was made to the effect that a tract of land including
+parts of Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin and Illinois, comprising fifty
+million acres, be ceded to the government, the consideration being the
+cancellation of a debt of $2,400, which the Indians owed trader Choteau,
+of Saint Louis, and a perpetual annuity of $1,000 thereafter. It was
+also tacitly agreed that the imprisoned Indian should be released. This
+part of the program was carried out, but the poor fellow had not gone
+three hundred feet before he was shot dead. We are sorry to say that
+General William Henry Harrison was the chief representative of the
+government in this one-sided treaty, though, of course, he knew nothing
+of the predetermined killing of the Indian prisoner. This treaty, made
+without due authority on the part of Quashquamme, was not accepted by
+the Sauks till 1816, when its ratification was made a side issue in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> an
+agreement which the government negotiated between the Sauks and the
+Osages or Sioux.</p>
+
+<p>Black Hawk always claimed that he had never consented to the sale of
+Saukenuk; and it is but fair to Quashquamme to say that he always
+insisted that his cession of land went only to the Rock&mdash;and therefore
+did not include Saukenuk&mdash;and not to the Wisconsin, as the whites
+asserted. I have been thus explicit, as the disagreement about this
+treaty led to the final conflict between the Sauks and the whites.</p>
+
+<p>One proposition of the original paper was that the Indians should be
+allowed to occupy all the territory as aforetime until it was surveyed
+and sold to settlers. Along in the &#8217;20&#8217;s the frontier line rapidly
+approached the great river; and about 1823, when still fifty miles
+distant, squatters began to settle on the Indian lands at Saukenuk.
+Protest was made against this to the commander of Fort Armstrong (which
+was built on Rock Island in 1816) and to the government, but without
+avail.</p>
+
+<p>The squatters, relying for protection on the troops near by, perpetrated
+outrages of the most exasperating character. They turned their horses
+into the Indian cornfields, threw down fences, whipped one young woman
+who had pulled a few corn suckers from one of their fields to eat, while
+on her way to work, and finally two ruffians met Black Hawk himself one
+day as he was hunting on the river bottom and accused him of shooting
+their hogs. He indignantly denied it, but they snatched his rifle from
+his hand, wrenched the flint out, and then beat the old man with a
+hickory stick till the blood ran down his back, and he could not leave
+his house for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> days. Doubtless this indignity surpassed all other
+outrages in the proud old chief&#8217;s estimation, and we can imagine him
+sitting in his cabin on the highest ground in the village, looking over
+the magnificent landscape, brooding upon the blight which had fallen
+upon the beautiful home of his tribe, and harboring thoughts of revenge.
+Still he refrained from open resistance till the spring of 1831.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 255px;">
+<a name="image21" id="image21"></a><a href="images/image21-full.png"><img src="images/image21.png" width="255" height="308" alt="A Native American man seated on the ground, with two other men walking away" title="BLACKHAWK AND THE TWO RUFFIANS" /></a>
+<span class="caption">BLACKHAWK AND THE TWO RUFFIANS</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>It was the custom of the tribe to spend the winter months hunting and
+trapping in northeastern Missouri, returning in the spring to Saukenuk.
+This time they found the whites more aggressive than ever. They had
+fenced in the most of the cultivated land, plowed over the burying
+ground, and destroyed a number of houses. They received the Indians with
+hostile looks, but Black Hawk at last did what he ought to have done at
+first, ordered the squatters all off the peninsula. He then went to an
+island where a squatter sold liquor and had paid no heed to his
+entreaties not to sell to the Indians, and with a party of his braves
+knocked in the heads of the whisky barrels and poured their contents on
+the ground. The liquor vendor immediately hurried to Governor Reynolds,
+of Illinois, with his tale of woe and represented that Black Hawk was
+devastating the country with torch and tomahawk.</p>
+
+<p>Governor Reynolds at once issued a flamboyant proclamation calling for
+volunteers, and asked the United States authorities at Saint Louis for
+aid. A considerable body of regulars was dispatched up the river and
+reached Saukenuk before the volunteers. Black Hawk told his people to
+remain in their houses, and not to obey any orders to leave Saukenuk,
+for they had not sold their home and had done no wrong. But when he saw
+the undisciplined, lawless and wildly excited volunteers, who came a few
+days later, he told the people that their lives were in danger and they
+must go. Accordingly the next morning at an early hour all embarked in
+their canoes and crossed the Mississippi. They were visited there by the
+officials, and Black Hawk entered into an agreement to remain west of
+the river.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span>Black Hawk&#8217;s band spent the fall and winter, after their expulsion from
+Saukenuk, in great unhappiness and want. It was too late to plant corn,
+and they suffered from hunger. Their winter&#8217;s hunt was unsuccessful, as
+they lacked ammunition, and many of their guns and traps had gone to pay
+for the whisky they had drunk before Black Hawk broke up the traffic. In
+the meantime Black Hawk was planning to recover Saukenuk by force. He
+visited Canada, but received little encouragement there, except sympathy
+and the assurance that his cause was just.</p>
+
+<p>Black Hawk&#8217;s worst adviser was Neapope, his second in command, and a
+terrible liar. He also visited Canada and claimed that the British whom
+he had seen stood ready to help Black Hawk with men, arms and
+ammunition, and that a steamboat would bring them to Milwaukee in the
+spring. This was good news to the credulous old chief; and quite as
+acceptable as this was Neapope&#8217;s story that the Winnebagoes and
+Pottawatomi would join in the campaign to secure his rights. Added to
+these encouragements were the entreaties of the homesick hungry women,
+who longed for their houses and cornfields at Saukenuk.</p>
+
+<p>Keokuk did his utmost to dissuade Black Hawk but in vain, and then he
+gave warning to the whites of Black Hawk&#8217;s purpose. He feared that the
+whole nation might be drawn into the war if it was once started. Black
+Hawk&#8217;s first move with his band in the spring of 1832 was to visit
+Keokuk&#8217;s village, set up his war post and call for recruits. He wore a
+British uniform and displayed a British flag. This foolishness and
+gratification of vanity cost him<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> dearly in the end. He made an
+impassioned speech and wrought the Indians up to such enthusiasm that
+they demanded that Keokuk join with Black Hawk. It was a critical moment
+for the young chief&mdash;even his life was in danger; but he was a more
+skillful master of oratory than even the eloquent Black Hawk, and,
+seeming at first to fall in with his plan, he gradually showed up its
+danger and its impracticable character, until at last he saved all his
+own party and even won a considerable number away from Black Hawk.</p>
+
+<p>On the 26th of April the Black Hawk band crossed the Mississippi several
+miles below Rock River. They numbered twelve hundred in all, less than
+four hundred being warriors, and these only partly armed. Their
+destination was Prophetstown, as Black Hawk&#8217;s plan was to raise a crop
+there and go on the war path in the fall. The braves struck across the
+country, while the women, weak with famine, slowly paddled the canoes up
+against the swift current of the river. They reached Prophetstown late
+in April, the heavy rains which had swollen the rivers greatly impeding
+their progress. A marvelous feature of this journey across the territory
+which the whites claimed had been ceded to them, is the fact that not
+the slightest depredation was committed at any farm or house on the
+march. The inhabitants fled, but the hungry Indians touched none of the
+abundant food which they left behind. Not a gun was fired. Black Hawk
+had ordered that no offense be given, and he was strictly obeyed.</p>
+
+<p>Black Hawk was disappointed to find that the Winnebagoes were lukewarm
+as to his enterprise, and also reluctant to let him plant a crop,
+fearing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span> to get into trouble with the government. He then pushed on to
+confer with the Pottawatomi, who had a village at Sycamore Creek about
+forty miles farther on. Here he found similar conditions; also he
+learned the falsity of the story that he could get aid from the British.</p>
+
+<p>He says that he then determined to return to Iowa and make the best of
+it there. But he was too late&mdash;Governor Reynolds had issued another
+proclamation, and two thousand volunteers besides a considerable body of
+regulars were on his trail. He had made a farewell dog feast for his
+Pottawatomi friends, when a scout brought news that about three hundred
+whites were going into camp five miles distant. This was a sort of
+independent command under Major Stillman, who had pushed ahead of the
+main body. It was composed of lawless, undisciplined material, and at
+that moment was suffering under the effects of drinking two barrels of
+whisky which the troops had poured down their throats rather than leave
+it on a wagon that was hopelessly stuck in the mud.</p>
+
+<p>Black Hawk directed three young braves to take a white flag, go to the
+camp, ask what the purpose of the command was, and to say that he
+desired a conference with them. He then sent five others on horseback to
+report the reception which the flag bearers met with. Three of them an
+hour later came at full speed into camp, reporting that the whites had
+surrounded the flag bearers and killed them and then chased the five who
+had followed, killing two of them, and were coming on in full force. All
+the devil in the old warrior&#8217;s heart was roused by this brutal
+treachery, and calling on the forty warriors<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> who were with him at the
+conference, the rest being in camp some miles away, he hastened to meet
+the enemy. Forming an ambush in the brush, the Indians fired their guns
+as the whites approached, just at nightfall, and rose up and charged
+with a wild yell. The drunken volunteers at once turned and fled, the
+panic gathering force as they went. The fugitives rushed through the
+camp pell-mell, and all who were left there joined in the stampede. In
+their desperate fear, every soldier thought every other an Indian and
+fired hither and yon. Eleven were killed, probably only one by the
+redskins. The survivors for the most part continued their flight,
+spreading the most exaggerated stories of the numbers and ferocity of
+the Indians, until they reached their several homes. As it proved, the
+three Indian flag bearers were not harmed till the stampede began, when
+one of them was shot by a soldier just mounting his horse to run. One of
+the surviving Indians immediately killed him with his tomahawk.</p>
+
+<p>This easy triumph changed Black Hawk&#8217;s purpose. He regarded it as an
+omen of victory and determined to go on. But his strenuous efforts to
+enlist the Pottawatomi in the cause were unavailing. Old Chief Shaubenee
+had absolute control over them and steadily said &#8220;no.&#8221; Even Chief Big
+Foot at the head of Lake Geneva refused. He was a drunken, sullen,
+brutal savage, but had given his word to keep the peace and did so,
+though he bitterly hated the whites and would have been glad to see the
+war go on. About one hundred reckless, lawless individuals of the
+Winnebago and Pottawatomi tribes joined Black Hawk, but gradually
+deserted him as his fortunes waned.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span>Black Hawk was now anxious to take his women, children and old men to a
+place of safety, and, following the guidance of two Winnebagoes, they
+made their way up the Rock to Hustisford Rapids and there went into
+camp. Fish, game, clams, roots and the bark of trees constituted their
+food while there, but Black Hawk in his biography says they found it
+difficult to keep from starving. And, adding to their present misery,
+the thrifty, provident squaws saw another harvestless summer passing and
+a winter of famine before them. With his warriors he then returned to
+continue the contest. A few skirmishes and collisions took place along
+the line that now separates Wisconsin and Illinois, and predatory
+parties of Winnebagoes and Pottawatomi worked out their grudges and
+revenges on whites who had incurred their enmity. These outrages were
+numerous and were attributed to the Sauks, as their perpetrators
+expected would be the case. It is now believed that not a single case of
+the murder of an unarmed man or of a woman or child was justly
+chargeable to the Sauks.</p>
+
+<p>Governor Reynolds had called for a second levy of two thousand
+volunteers, and General Atkinson, with a considerable force of regulars,
+was in the field. All were under his command, and he followed Black
+Hawk, as the latter retired northward, with an army of four thousand,
+all mounted, fully twelve times as great in number as the starving band
+which he was pursuing. They camped near Beloit, camped at Milton, near
+the south end of Storr&#8217;s Lake, and followed on cautiously to Lake
+Koshkonong, for Atkinson had a most wholesome regard for Black Hawk&#8217;s
+prowess. At the lake they found an old<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> blind Sauk who had been left
+behind. They gave him food, but a straggler coming along later shot him
+as he was crawling to a spring for water. His bones lay on the ground
+unburied for years after the country was settled, the skull having been
+hung on a bush. At the junction of the Bark and Rock rivers Atkinson
+went into utter bewilderment and uncertainty as to Black Hawk&#8217;s
+whereabouts, and he finally built the stockade at the point which bears
+his name. He dispatched a considerable force under Colonels Alexander,
+Dodge and Henry to Portage for supplies. There they learned where Black
+Hawk&#8217;s camp was; Henry and Dodge set out to attack it, while Alexander
+returned to Atkinson. The latter had heard that Black Hawk was in full
+force at Burnt Village on the Whitewater River, about four miles north
+of the location now occupied by the city bearing that name. He sent off
+messengers for the remainder of the army to join him for an attack.</p>
+
+<p>But in going and coming, the trail of Black Hawk and his entire band was
+discovered leading to the west. Henry and Dodge started in rapid
+pursuit, sending word to Atkinson that the game had been flushed. That
+doughty warrior had in the meantime learned that the Burnt Village story
+was a myth; and those of his men whose time had expired, broke ranks and
+returned to their homes, all believing that Black Hawk had finally
+escaped. The fugitive&#8217;s trail crossed the site of the present city of
+Madison and also the University grounds, bearing thence northwest to the
+Wisconsin River. Singularly enough, Black Hawk struck this stream
+directly opposite the site of his people&#8217;s ancient village of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> Prairie
+du Sac. Soon after leaving Fourth Lake the Indians discovered their
+pursuers and hastened their painful flight. All along the trail had been
+marked by evidences of their extremity: in the skeletons of ponies
+robbed of their flesh, in the trees stripped of bark for food, and the
+ground dug over for roots. To these proofs were now added kettles and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span>
+blankets which the enfeebled women could no longer carry, and the dead
+bodies of famished papooses and old people.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 257px;">
+<a name="image22" id="image22"></a><a href="images/image22-full.png"><img src="images/image22.png" width="257" height="309" alt="Two armed Native American men protecting a group of people crossing a river" title="THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN CROSSED THE RIVER" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN CROSSED THE RIVER</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>About four o&#8217;clock in the afternoon, the rear guard of the Sauks was
+overtaken a few miles from the river. This was on the 21st day of July,
+and the troops had made a forced march of eighty miles in three days
+from the Rock to the Wisconsin, much of the way through swamps and dense
+forests. Until dark a series of skirmishes was maintained, the Indians
+skilfully forming new lines and holding the enemy back while the women
+and children were crossing the river. Black Hawk directed the fight
+while sitting on his pony, his stentorian voice reaching every part of
+the field. He always counted this battle as most creditable to his
+military genius, and there is reason for the claim, for he delayed the
+whites till the passage of the river was secured. Jefferson Davis, who
+was present, says that the squaws tore the bark off the trees and made
+little canoes in which to float their papooses and utensils across the
+river; and that half the braves swam the river holding their rifles in
+the air, while the rest kept the whites back, and then, having landed,
+fired on the whites from the other side, while the remaining braves
+crossed. Davis pronounced it the most brilliant defensive battle he ever
+witnessed.</p>
+
+<p>The next morning the Indians had disappeared, but during the night they
+had constructed a raft upon which a large number of the women and
+children and old men were placed and set adrift, hoping that they would
+be allowed to go down the river unmolested, and reach their late village
+in Iowa. But Colonel Dodge sent word ahead, and the soldiers<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> at Fort
+Crawford lay in wait for them; and when the raft approached they fired
+upon the helpless creatures, killing a large number. A few were taken
+prisoners, but the rest were drowned or swam ashore and afterwards
+perished of hunger in the woods.</p>
+
+<p>Late in the night after the fight at Wisconsin Heights, a loud, shrill
+voice was heard from the eminence which Black Hawk had occupied during
+the conflict. It caused consternation at first among the whites, as it
+was thought to signify a night attack. But the voice continued in
+strong, impassioned harangue for more than an hour, eliciting, however,
+only jeers and an occasional rifle shot. It was afterwards learned that
+the orator was Neapope, speaking in the Winnebago tongue. He had seen a
+few Winnebagoes with the whites in the afternoon but did not know that
+they had gone away at nightfall. He told how they saw their great
+mistake in leaving Iowa, that they had their wives and children with
+them, that all were dying for want of food, and that they only asked to
+be allowed to go in peace; and they pledged themselves to return to
+Iowa, and never again come east of the river. Neapope was an orator of
+great power, and he presented his plea with all the eloquence of which
+he was master. But it fell on ears that understood not its purport. I
+know of no more pathetic incident in all the long chapter of human woe
+and despair than this pitiful prayer of a perishing people for mercy and
+forgiveness, spoken in a tongue that carried no meaning to those who
+heard. Let us hope that if the petition had been understood it would
+have been granted.</p>
+
+<p>The loss in the battle on the 21st had not been large on either side,
+and the Black Hawk band pursued<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> their journey to the Mississippi
+without guides, through a rugged, trackless wilderness, sorrowing,
+suffering and despairing. The whites continued down the Wisconsin to
+Helena, where General Atkinson took command. Helena was a deserted
+village which had been built to carry on shot-making. The soldiers tore
+down the log houses and made rafts of the logs to cross the river. Five
+days in all were consumed before the Black Hawk trail was discovered,
+and then the pursuers were guided to it by crows and buzzards gathering
+in the air over the bodies of dead refugees left by the wayside.</p>
+
+<p>On the first of August the Indians reached the Mississippi and began
+crossing in two canoes. In the afternoon the steamer Warrior, which had
+been sent up from Fort Crawford to notify the Sioux Chief, Wabasha, one
+hundred and twenty miles above to look out for his enemy, Black Hawk,
+who was headed that way, stopped opposite the spot where the Indians had
+gathered. Black Hawk raised a white flag and tried to parley; but the
+captain assumed that it was an attempt to trap him and, without warning,
+fired into the Indians at short range with a cannon loaded with
+cannister. Thus a second time was the usage of all nations violated in
+this war by refusing to recognize the flag of truce. Twenty-three were
+killed by this discharge. There were twenty riflemen on the boat who
+then began firing, and the Sauks responded. The Warrior soon after
+steamed away to Fort Crawford, twenty miles below, and the Indians
+continued their efforts to cross the river, here three hundred rods wide
+and running a strong current. Some were drowned and others were carried
+down the stream on improvised<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> rafts. A few of these were rescued at
+Prairie du Chien.</p>
+
+<p>The next day Atkinson appeared on the ground. Black Hawk seems to have
+been utterly demoralized and had told those who had not crossed that he
+was going to the Chippewa country, and that they had better follow. Only
+a few did so, and after going a few miles he turned back on August 2nd,
+just in time to see the closing scene of the massacre called the battle
+of Bad Axe.</p>
+
+<p>As Atkinson approached he was skilfully decoyed beyond the Indian camp
+some distance, but its location was finally discovered and a fierce
+onslaught was made. The poor wretches at first begged for quarter, but
+as the soldiers shot them down without discrimination, they fought for a
+time with desperation, and then men, women and children plunged into the
+river, the most of them to drown before reaching the other side. The
+steamer Warrior reappeared, and the sharpshooters fired at the swimmers,
+some of them women with babies on their backs. The incidents of the
+merciless slaughter are too harrowing for recital, and would be
+incredible if not thoroughly authenticated. It is difficult to
+understand the ferocity with which Black Hawk&#8217;s band was pursued and
+destroyed. Probably the belief that he was still in the British service
+had much to do with it; also his first success at Stillman&#8217;s Run, and
+the murder of the whites in Northern Illinois by marauders from other
+tribes, which were unjustly charged to him, may account for it in large
+part. About three hundred Indians succeeded in crossing the river, but
+their ill fate still pursued them. Their fierce enemy, Wabasha, was on
+their track, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> before reaching the Iowa river half of the three
+hundred had been relentlessly slain. Of the twelve hundred who crossed
+the Mississippi in April, only one hundred and fifty, and they barely
+living skeletons, returned in August.</p>
+
+<p>Black Hawk gave himself up soon after the Bad Axe massacre to the
+Winnebagoes, and was surrendered to our officers at Prairie du Chien.
+Thence he was taken to Saint Louis, Washington, through the east, and
+back to Fort Armstrong, where he was delivered over to Keokuk, who
+became surety for his good behavior. Although always kindly treated by
+the latter, the old chief never ceased to be mindful of his
+subordination. For five years he brooded over his misfortunes and
+humiliation, and then died in his seventy-second year. Even his body was
+not allowed to rest in peace; it was stolen, and when the Indians
+discovered the theft and demanded the return of the bones, the building
+in which the skeleton was stored burned before it was delivered up, and
+only indistinguishable ashes remained.</p>
+
+<p>A word further is due the stalwart old chief, whose good qualities
+certainly surpassed his evil ones. He was honorable, brave, generous and
+magnanimous. He never permitted a captive to be tortured, and early gave
+up the practice of scalping the enemies he had slain. As a leader in
+Indian warfare he ranks high, and his final campaign had in its purpose
+the same comprehensive idea which actuated Tecumseh and Pontiac, that of
+a union of all Indian tribes; and he had the further intent of drawing
+in the British to enforce the treaty of 1815, which he claimed had been
+violated in his own case&mdash;the guarantee of immunity to all Indian allies
+of the British having been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span> disregarded. Absolute honesty and
+truthfulness in business matters were among his characteristics. These
+he shared with his people generally. Colonel Davenport, who had a
+trading establishment on the island for many, many years, used often to
+go to dinner leaving his store full of Indians, and he said they never
+took so much as a clay pipe in his absence.</p>
+
+<p>Black Hawk was impulsive, hopeful and credulous, and so was easily
+imposed upon; he had an ardent love for the beauties of nature; he was
+deeply religious, and said that he never took a drink of water from a
+brook without sincere gratitude to the Great Spirit who cared for him.
+He was a tender husband and father, and, contrary to the usage of his
+tribe, married only one wife. When his father was killed he mourned and
+fasted five years. He did the same for two years, when a son and
+daughter died, eating only a little corn each evening, &#8220;hoping that the
+Great Spirit would take pity on him.&#8221; We wish for the honor of our race
+that this poor savage whose only offense was that of loving his home too
+well to give it up without a struggle, had not gone out of life leaving
+such a red, indelible page on the book of history against us.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_58-1" id="Footnote_58-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_58-1" class="label">58-1</a> The following account is taken from a paper read before
+the Loyal Legion at Milwaukee, May 6, 1896, by Mr. Coe.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_PETRIFIED_FERN" id="THE_PETRIFIED_FERN"></a>THE PETRIFIED FERN</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Mary Bolles Branch</span></p>
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">I</span><span class="upper">n</span> a valley, centuries ago,<br />
+<span class="i1">Grew a little fern-leaf, green and slender,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Veining delicate and fibres tender;</span><br />
+Waving when the wind crept down so low.<br />
+<span class="i1">Rushes tall, and moss, and grass grew round it,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span><span class="i1">Playful sunbeams darted in and found it,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Drops of dew stole in by night, and crowned it,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">But no foot of man e&#8217;er trod that way;</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Earth was young, and keeping holiday.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Monster fishes swam the silent main,<br />
+<span class="i1">Stately forests waved their giant branches,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Mountains hurled their snowy avalanches,</span><br />
+Mammoth creatures stalked across the plain;<br />
+<span class="i1">Nature revelled in grand mysteries,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">But the little fern was not of these,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Did not number with the hills and trees;</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Only grew and waved its wild sweet way,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">None ever came to note it day by day.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Earth one time put on a frolic mood,<br />
+<span class="i1">Heaved the rocks and changed the mighty motion</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Of the deep, strong currents of the ocean;</span><br />
+Moved the plain and shook the haughty wood,<br />
+<span class="i1">Crushed the little fern in soft moist clay,&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Covered it, and hid it safe away.</span><br />
+<span class="i1">O the long, long centuries since that day!</span><br />
+<span class="i1">O the agony! O life&#8217;s bitter cost,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Since that useless little fern was lost!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Useless? Lost? There came a thoughtful man<br />
+<span class="i1">Searching Nature&#8217;s secrets, far and deep;</span><br />
+<span class="i1">From a fissure in a rocky steep</span><br />
+He withdrew a stone, o&#8217;er which there ran<br />
+<span class="i1">Fairy pencilings, a quaint design,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Veinings, leafage, fibres clear and fine,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">And the fern&#8217;s life lay in every line!</span><br />
+<span class="i1">So, I think, God hides some souls away,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Sweetly to surprise us, the last day.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="AN_EXCITING_CANOE_RACE" id="AN_EXCITING_CANOE_RACE"></a>AN EXCITING CANOE RACE</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">J. Fenimore Cooper</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapt"><span class="hide">T</span></span><span class="upper">he</span> heavens were still studded with stars when Hawkeye<a name="Anchor_79-1" id="Anchor_79-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 79-1" href="#Footnote_79-1" class="fnanchor">79-1</a> came to
+arouse the sleepers. Casting aside their cloaks, Munro<a name="Anchor_79-2" id="Anchor_79-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 79-2" href="#Footnote_79-2" class="fnanchor">79-2</a> and
+Heyward<a name="Anchor_79-3" id="Anchor_79-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 79-3" href="#Footnote_79-3" class="fnanchor">79-3</a> were on their feet while the woodsman was still making his
+low calls at the entrance of the rude shelter where they had passed the
+night. When they issued from beneath its concealment, they found the
+scout awaiting their appearance nigh by, and the only salutation between
+them was the significant gesture for silence made by their sagacious
+leader.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Think over your prayers,&#8221; he whispered, as they approached him; &#8220;for He
+to whom you make them knows all tongues; that of the heart, as well as
+those of the mouth. But speak not a syllable; it is rare<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span> for a white
+voice to pitch itself properly in the woods. Come,&#8221; he continued,
+turning toward a curtain of the works; &#8220;let us get into the ditch on
+this side, and be regardful to step on the stones and fragments of wood
+as you go.&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 253px;">
+<a name="image23" id="image23"></a><a href="images/image23-full.png"><img src="images/image23.png" width="253" height="297" alt="Two men walking down a trail to a river" title="HAWKEYE ON THE TRAIL" /></a>
+<span class="caption">HAWKEYE ON THE TRAIL</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>His companions complied, though to two of them the reasons of this
+extraordinary precaution were yet a mystery. When they were in the low
+cavity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span> that surrounded the earthen fort on three of its sides, they
+found the passage nearly choked by the ruins. With care and patience,
+however, they succeeded in clambering after the scout until they reached
+the sandy shore of the Horicon.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s a trail that nothing but a nose can follow,&#8221; said the satisfied
+scout, looking back along their difficult way; &#8220;grass is a treacherous
+carpet for a flying party to tread on, but wood and stone take no print
+from a moccasin. Had you worn your armed boots, there might indeed have
+been something to fear; but with the deerskin suitably prepared, a man
+may trust himself, generally, on rocks with safety. Shove in the canoe
+nigher to the land, Uncas;<a name="Anchor_81-4" id="Anchor_81-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 81-4" href="#Footnote_81-4" class="fnanchor">81-4</a> this sand will take a stamp as easily
+as the butter of the Jarmans on the Mohawk. Softly, lad, softly; it must
+not touch the beach, or the knaves will know by what road we have left
+the place.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The young man observed the precaution; and the scout laying a board from
+the ruins to the canoe, made a sign for the two officers to enter. When
+this was done, everything was studiously restored to its former
+disorder; and then Hawkeye succeeded in reaching his little birchen
+vessel without leaving behind him any of those marks which he appeared
+so much to dread.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now,&#8221; continued the scout, looking back at the dim shore of William
+Henry, which was now fast receding, and laughing in his own silent but
+heartfelt manner; &#8220;I have put a trail of water atween us; and unless the
+imps can make friends with the fishes,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span> and hear who has paddled across
+their basin this fine morning, we shall throw the length of the Horicon
+behind us before they have made up their minds which path to take.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;With foes in front and foes in our rear, our journey is like to be one
+of danger.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Danger,&#8221; repeated Hawkeye, calmly; &#8220;no, not absolutely of danger, for,
+with vigilant ears and quick eyes, we can manage to keep a few hours
+ahead of the knaves; or, if we must try the rifle, there are three of us
+who understand its gifts as well as any you can name on the borders. No,
+not of danger; but that we shall have what you may call a brisk push of
+it is probable; and it may happen a brush, a scrimmage, or some such
+divarsion, but always where covers are good and ammunition abundant.&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 299px;">
+<a name="image24" id="image24"></a><a href="images/image24-full.jpg"><img src="images/image24.jpg" width="299" height="400" alt="Portrait of James Fenimore Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper 1789-1851" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">James Fenimore Cooper<br />1789-1851</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>It is possible that Heyward&#8217;s estimate of danger differed in some degree
+from that of the scout, for, instead of replying, he now sat in silence,
+while the canoe glided over several miles of water. Just as the day
+dawned, they entered the narrows of the lake<a name="Anchor_82-5" id="Anchor_82-5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 82-5" href="#Footnote_82-5" class="fnanchor">82-5</a>, and stole swiftly
+and cautiously among their numberless little islands. It was by this
+road that Montcalm had retired with his army, and the adventurers knew
+not but he had left some of his Indians in ambush, to protect the rear
+of his forces and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span> collect the stragglers. They therefore approached
+the passage with the customary silence of their guarded habits.
+Chingachgook<a name="Anchor_83-6" id="Anchor_83-6"></a><a title="Go to footnote 83-6" href="#Footnote_83-6" class="fnanchor">83-6</a> laid aside his paddle, while Uncas and the scout
+urged the light vessel through crooked and intricate channels, where
+every foot that they advanced exposed them to the danger of some sudden
+rising on their progress. The eyes of the sagamore moved warily from
+islet to islet and copse to copse as the canoe proceeded; and when a
+clearer sheet of water permitted, his keen vision was bent along the
+bald rocks and impending forests that frowned upon the narrow strait.</p>
+
+<p>Heyward, who was a doubly interested spectator as well from the beauties
+of the place as from the apprehension natural to his situation, was just
+believing that he had permitted the latter to be excited without
+sufficient reason, when the paddle ceased moving, in obedience to a
+signal from Chingachgook.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ugh!&#8221; exclaimed Uncas, nearly at the moment that the light tap his
+father had made on the side of the canoe notified them of the vicinity
+of danger.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What now?&#8221; asked the scout; &#8220;the lake is as smooth as if the winds had
+never blown, and I can see along its sheets for miles; there is not so
+much as the black head of a loon dotting the water.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The Indian gravely raised his paddle, and pointed in the direction in
+which his own steady look was riveted. Duncan&#8217;s eyes followed the
+motion. A few rods in their front lay another of the low-wooded islets,
+but it appeared as calm and peaceful as if its solitude had never been
+disturbed by the foot of man.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>&#8220;I see nothing,&#8221; he said, &#8220;but land and water; and a lovely scene it
+is.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Hist!&#8221; interrupted the scout. &#8220;Ay, sagamore, there is always a reason
+for what you do. &#8217;Tis but a shade, and yet it is not natural. You see
+the mist, major, that is rising above the island; you can&#8217;t call it a
+fog, for it is more like a streak of thin cloud&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It is a vapor from the water.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That a child could tell. But what is the edging of blacker smoke that
+hangs along its lower side, and which you may trace down into the
+thicket of hazel? &#8217;Tis from a fire; but one that, in my judgment, has
+been suffered to burn low.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Let us then push for the place, and relieve our doubts,&#8221; said the
+impatient Duncan; &#8220;the party must be small that can lie on such a bit of
+land.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;If you judge of Indian cunning by the rules you find in books or by
+white sagacity, they will lead you astray, if not to your death,&#8221;
+returned Hawkeye, examining the signs of the place with that acuteness
+which distinguished him. &#8220;If I may be permitted to speak in this matter,
+it will be to say that we have but two things to choose between: the one
+is, to return and give up all thought of following the Hurons&mdash;&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Never!&#8221; exclaimed Heyward in a voice far too loud for their
+circumstances.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, well,&#8221; continued Hawkeye, making a hasty sign to repress his
+impatience, &#8220;I am much of your mind myself; though I thought it becoming
+my experience to tell the whole. We must then make a push, and, if the
+Indians or Frenchers are in the narrows, run the gantlet through these
+toppling mountains. Is there reason in my words, sagamore?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 254px;">
+<a name="image25" id="image25"></a><a href="images/image25-full.png"><img src="images/image25.png" width="254" height="307" alt="Hawkeye, holding his rifle, sitting on a rock" title="HAWKEYE" /></a>
+<span class="caption">HAWKEYE</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The Indian made no further answer than by dropping his paddle into the
+water and urging forward the canoe. As he held the office of directing
+its course, his resolution was sufficiently indicated by the movement.
+The whole party now plied their paddles vigorously, and in a very few
+moments they had reached a point whence they might command an entire
+view of the northern shore of the island.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span>&#8220;There they are, by all the truth of signs,&#8221; whispered the scout; &#8220;two
+canoes and a smoke. The knaves haven&#8217;t yet got their eyes out of the
+mist, or we should hear the accursed whoop. Together, friends&mdash;we are
+leaving them, and are already nearly out of whistle of a bullet.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The well-known crack of a rifle, whose ball came skipping along the
+placid surface of the strait, and a shrill yell from the island
+interrupted his speech and announced that their passage was discovered.
+In another instant several savages were seen rushing into the canoes,
+which were soon dancing over the water in pursuit. These fearful
+precursors of a coming struggle produced no change in the countenances
+and movements of his three guides, so far as Duncan could discover,
+except that the strokes of their paddles were longer and more in unison,
+and caused the little bark to spring forward like a creature possessing
+life and volition.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Hold them there, sagamore,&#8221; said Hawkeye, looking coolly backward over
+his left shoulder, while he still plied his paddle; &#8220;keep them just
+there. Them Hurons have never a piece in their nation that will execute
+at this distance; but &#8216;Kill Deer&#8217;<a name="Anchor_86-7" id="Anchor_86-7"></a><a title="Go to footnote 86-7" href="#Footnote_86-7" class="fnanchor">86-7</a> has a barrel on which a man may
+calculate.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span>The scout, having ascertained that the Mohicans were sufficient of
+themselves to maintain the requisite distance, deliberately laid aside
+his paddle and raised the fatal rifle. Then several times he brought the
+piece to his shoulder, and when his companions were expecting its report
+he as often lowered it to request the Indians would permit their enemies
+to approach a little nigher. At length his accurate and fastidious eye
+seemed satisfied, and throwing out his left arm on the barrel, he was
+slowly elevating the muzzle, when an exclamation from Uncas, who sat in
+the bow, once more caused him to suspend the shot.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How now, lad?&#8221; demanded Hawkeye; &#8220;you saved a Huron<a name="Anchor_87-8" id="Anchor_87-8"></a><a title="Go to footnote 87-8" href="#Footnote_87-8" class="fnanchor">87-8</a> from the
+death-shriek by that word; have you reason for what you do?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Uncas pointed toward the rocky shore a little in their front, whence
+another war canoe was darting directly across their course. It was too
+obvious now that their situation was imminently perilous to need the aid
+of language to confirm it. The scout laid aside his rifle, and resumed
+the paddle, while Chingachgook<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> inclined the bows of the canoe a little
+toward the western shore, in order to increase the distance between them
+and this new enemy. In the meantime they were reminded of the presence
+of those who pressed on their rear, by wild and exulting shouts. The
+stirring scene awakened even Munro from his apathy.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Let us make for the rocks on the main,&#8221; he said, with the mien of a
+tried soldier, &#8220;and give battle to the savages. God forbid that I or
+those attached to me or mine should ever trust again to the faith of any
+servant of the Louises.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;He who wishes to prosper in Indian warfare,&#8221; returned the scout, &#8220;must
+not be too proud to learn from the wit of a native. Lay her more along
+the land, sagamore; we are doubling on the varlets, and perhaps they may
+try to strike our trail on the long calculation.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Hawkeye was not mistaken; for, when the Hurons found that their course
+was likely to throw them behind their chase, they rendered it less
+direct, until, by gradually bearing more and more obliquely, the two
+canoes were, ere long, gliding on parallel lines, within two hundred
+yards of each other. It now became entirely a trial of speed. So rapid
+was the progress of the light vessels that the lake curled in their
+front in miniature waves, and their motion became undulating by its own
+velocity. It was, perhaps, owing to this circumstance, in addition to
+the necessity of keeping every hand employed at the paddles, that the
+Hurons had not immediate recourse to their firearms. The exertions of
+the fugitives were too severe to continue long, and the pursuers had the
+advantage of numbers. Duncan observed, with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> uneasiness, that the scout
+began to look anxiously about him, as if searching for some further
+means of assisting their flight.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Edge her a little more from the sun, Sagamore,&#8221; said the stubborn
+woodsman; &#8220;I see the knaves are sparing a man to the rifle. A single
+broken bone might lose us our scalps. Edge more from the sun, and we
+will put the island between us.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The expedient was not without its use. A long, low island lay a little
+distance before them, and, as they closed with it, the chasing canoe was
+compelled to take a side opposite to that on which the pursued passed.
+The scout and his companions did not neglect this advantage, but, the
+instant they were hid from observation by the bushes, they redoubled
+efforts that before had seemed prodigious. The two canoes came round the
+last low point, like two coursers at the top of their speed, the
+fugitives taking the lead. This change had brought them nigher to each
+other, however, while it altered their relative positions.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You showed knowledge in the shaping of birchen bark, Uncas, when you
+chose this from among the Huron canoes,&#8221; said the scout, smiling,
+apparently more in satisfaction at their superiority in the race, than
+from that prospect of final escape which now began to open a little upon
+them. &#8220;The imps have put all their strength again at the paddles, and we
+are to struggle for our scalps with bits of flattened wood, instead of
+clouded barrels and true eyes. A long stroke, and together, friends!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;They are preparing for a shot,&#8221; said Heyward; &#8220;and as we are in a line
+with them, it can scarcely fail.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span>&#8220;Get you then into the bottom of the canoe,&#8221; returned the scout; &#8220;you
+and the colonel; it will be so much taken from the size of the mark.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Heyward smiled, as he answered:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It would be but an ill example for the highest in rank to dodge, while
+the warriors were under fire!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Lord! Lord! that is now a white man&#8217;s courage!&#8221; exclaimed the scout,
+&#8220;and, like too many of his notions, not to be maintained by reason. Do
+you think the sagamore, or Uncas, or even I, who am a man without a
+cross, would deliberate about finding a cover in a scrimmage when an
+open body would do no good? For what have the Frenchers reared up their
+Quebec, if fighting is always to be done in the clearings?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;All that you say is very true, my friend,&#8221; replied Heyward; &#8220;still, our
+custom must prevent us from doing as you wish.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>A volley from the Hurons interrupted the discourse; and, as the bullets
+whistled about them, Duncan saw the head of Uncas turned, looking back
+at himself and Munro. Notwithstanding the nearness of the enemy, and his
+own great personal danger, the countenance of the young warrior
+expressed no other emotion, as the former was compelled to think, than
+amazement at finding men willing to encounter so useless an exposure.
+Chingachgook was probably better acquainted with the notions of white
+men, for he did not even cast a glance aside from the riveted look his
+eye maintained on the object by which he governed their course. A ball
+soon struck the light and polished paddle from the hands of the chief,
+and drove it through the air far in advance. A shout rose from the
+Hurons, who seized the opportunity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> to fire another volley. Uncas
+described an arc in the water with his own blade, and, as the canoe
+passed swiftly on, Chingachgook recovered his paddle, and, flourishing
+it on high, he gave the war-whoop of the Mohicans, and then lent his
+strength and skill again to the important task.</p>
+
+<p>The clamorous sounds of <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">&#8220;Le Gros Serpent</span>!&#8221;<a name="Anchor_91-9" id="Anchor_91-9"></a><a title="Go to footnote 91-9" href="#Footnote_91-9" class="fnanchor">91-9</a> <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">&#8220;La Longue
+Carabine</span>!&#8221;<a name="Anchor_91-10" id="Anchor_91-10"></a><a title="Go to footnote 91-10" href="#Footnote_91-10" class="fnanchor">91-10</a> <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">&#8220;Le Cerf Agile</span>!&#8221;<a name="Anchor_91-11" id="Anchor_91-11"></a><a title="Go to footnote 91-11" href="#Footnote_91-11" class="fnanchor">91-11</a> burst at once from the canoes
+behind, and seemed to give new zeal to the pursuers. The scout seized
+&#8220;Kill Deer&#8221; in his left hand, and, elevating it above his head, he shook
+it in triumph at his enemies. The savages answered the insult with a
+yell, and immediately another volley succeeded. The bullets pattered
+along the lake, and one even pierced the bark of their little vessel. No
+perceptible emotion could be discovered in the Mohicans during this
+critical moment, their rigid features expressing neither hope nor alarm;
+but the scout again turned his head, and, laughing in his own silent
+manner, he said to Heyward:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The knaves love to hear the sounds of their pieces, but the eye is not
+to be found among the Mingoes that can calculate a true range in a
+dancing canoe! You see the dumb devils have taken off a man to charge,
+and by the smallest measurement that can be allowed we move three feet
+to their two.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Duncan, who was not altogether as easy under this nice estimate of
+distances as his companions, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span> glad to find, however, that, owing to
+their superior dexterity, and the diversion among their enemies they
+were very sensibly obtaining the advantage. The Hurons soon fired again,
+and a bullet struck the blade of Hawkeye&#8217;s paddle without injury.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That will do,&#8221; said the scout, examining the slight indentation with a
+curious eye; &#8220;it would not have cut the skin of an infant, much less of
+men who, like us, have been blown upon by the heavens in their anger.
+Now, major, if you will try to use this piece of flattened wood, I&#8217;ll
+let &#8216;Kill Deer&#8217; take a part in the conversation.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Heyward seized the paddle and applied himself to the work with an
+eagerness that supplied the place of skill, while Hawkeye was engaged in
+inspecting the priming of his rifle. The latter then took a swift aim
+and fired. The Huron in the bows of the leading canoe had risen with a
+similar object, and he now fell backward, suffering the gun to escape
+from his hands into the water. In an instant, however, he recovered his
+feet, though his gestures were wild and bewildered. At the same moment
+his companions suspended their efforts, and the chasing canoes clustered
+together and became stationary. Chingachgook and Uncas profited by the
+interval to regain their wind, though Duncan continued to work with the
+most persevering industry. The father and son now cast calm but
+inquiring glances at each other, to learn if either had sustained any
+injury by the fire; for both well knew that no cry or exclamation would,
+in such a moment of necessity, have been permitted to betray the
+accident. A few large drops of blood were trickling down the shoulders
+of the sagamore, who, when he perceived that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span> the eyes of Uncas dwelt
+too long on the sight, raised some water in the hollow of his hand, and,
+washing off the stain, was content to manifest, in this simple manner,
+the slightness of the injury.</p>
+
+<p>The lake now began to expand, and their route lay along a reacher, that
+was lined, as before, by high and rugged mountains. But the islands were
+few and easily avoided. The strokes of the paddles grew more measured
+and regular; while they who plied them continued their labor, after the
+close and deadly chase from which they had just relieved themselves,
+with as much coolness as though their speed had been tried in sport,
+rather than under such pressing, nay, almost desperate circumstances.</p>
+
+<p>Instead of following the western shore, whither their errand led them,
+the wary Mohican inclined his course more toward those hills behind
+which Montcalm was known to have led his army into the formidable
+fortress of Ticonderoga. As the Hurons, to every appearance, had
+abandoned the pursuit, there was no apparent reason for this excess of
+caution. It was, however, maintained for hours until they had reached a
+bay nigh the northern termination of the lake. Here the canoe was driven
+upon the beach, and the whole party landed. Hawkeye and Heyward ascended
+an adjacent bluff, where the former, after considering the expanse of
+water beneath him, pointed out to the latter a small black object,
+hovering under a headland, at a distance of several miles.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Do you see it?&#8221; demanded the scout. &#8220;Now, what would you account that
+spot, were you left alone to white experience to find your way through
+this wilderness?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span>&#8220;But for its distance and its magnitude, I should suppose it a bird. Can
+it be a living object?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;&#8217;Tis a canoe of good birchen bark, and paddled by fierce and crafty
+Mingoes. Though Providence has lent to those who inhabit the woods eyes
+that would be needless to men in the settlements where there are
+inventions to assist the sight, yet no human organs can see all the
+dangers which at this moment circumvent us. These varlets pretend to be
+bent chiefly on their sundown meal, but the moment it is dark they will
+be on our trail as true as hounds on the scent. We must throw them off.
+These lakes are useful at times, especially when the game takes the
+water,&#8221; continued the scout, gazing about him with a countenance of
+concern; &#8220;but they give no cover, except it be to fishes. God knows what
+the country would be, if the settlement should ever spread far from the
+two rivers. Both hunting and war would lose their beauty.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Let us not delay a moment without some good and obvious cause.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I little like that smoke which you may see worming up along the rock
+above the canoe,&#8221; interrupted the abstracted scout. &#8220;My life on it,
+other eyes than ours see it, and know its meaning. Well, words will not
+mend the matter, and it is time we were doing.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Hawkeye moved away from the lookout, and descended, musing profoundly,
+to the shore. He communicated the result of his observations to his
+companions, in Delaware, and a short and earnest consultation succeeded.
+When it terminated, the three instantly set about executing their new
+resolutions.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>The canoe was lifted from the water, and borne on the shoulders of the
+party. They proceeded into the wood, making as broad and obvious a trail
+as possible. They soon reached a water course, which they crossed, and
+continued onward until they came to an extensive and naked rock. At this
+point, where their footsteps might be expected to be no longer visible,
+they retraced their route to the brook, walking backward with the utmost
+care. They now followed the bed of the little stream to the lake, into
+which they immediately launched their canoe again. A low point concealed
+them from the headland, and the margin of the lake was fringed for some
+distance with dense and overhanging bushes. Under the cover of these
+natural advantages, they toiled their way, with patient industry, until
+the scout pronounced that he believed it would be safe once more to
+land.</p>
+
+<p>The halt continued until evening rendered objects indistinct and
+uncertain to the eye. Then they resumed their route, and, favored by the
+darkness, pushed silently and vigorously toward the western shore.
+Although the rugged outline of mountain, to which they were steering,
+presented no distinctive marks to the eyes of Duncan, the Mohican
+entered the little haven he had selected with the confidence and
+accuracy of an experienced pilot.</p>
+
+<p>The boat was again lifted and borne into the woods, where it was
+carefully concealed under a pile of brush. The adventurers assumed their
+arms and packs, and the scout announced to Munro and Heyward that he and
+the Indians were at last in readiness to proceed.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_79-1" id="Footnote_79-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_79-1" class="label">79-1</a> Hawkeye is an American scout working with the English
+army. He is one of the most important characters in this book, and under
+different names figures in the other volumes of <cite>The Leather-Stocking
+Tales</cite>. In one he is known as the Deerslayer, in others as
+Leather-Stocking and the Pathfinder. His real name is Natty Bumppo. The
+five stories which Cooper includes among <cite>The Leather-Stocking Tales</cite>
+are in their natural order: <cite>Deerslayer</cite>, <cite>The Last of the Mohicans</cite>,
+<cite>The Pathfinder</cite>, <cite>The Pioneers</cite> and <cite>The Prairie</cite>. This selection is
+taken from <cite>The Last of the Mohicans</cite>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_79-2" id="Footnote_79-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_79-2" class="label">79-2</a> Munro is the father of two young ladies who have been
+captured and carried away by the Indians. With his companions he is now
+following the trail of the captors, and this canoe race is but one of
+many adventures through which they pass before they finally rescue the
+women.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_79-3" id="Footnote_79-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_79-3" class="label">79-3</a> Duncan Heyward is a British officer who was with the
+young ladies when they were captured.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_81-4" id="Footnote_81-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_81-4" class="label">81-4</a> Uncas is the son of the last chief of the Mohicans, a
+fine Indian who sides with the Americans, and is, as his tribe has
+always been, a bitter enemy of the Huron Indians.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_82-5" id="Footnote_82-5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_82-5" class="label">82-5</a> The beauties of Lake George are well known to every
+American tourist. In the height of the mountains which surround it, and
+in artificial accessories, it is inferior to the finest of the Swiss and
+Italian lakes, while in outline and purity of water it is fully their
+equal, and in the number and disposition of its isles and islets much
+superior to them altogether. There are said to be some hundreds of
+islands in a sheet of water less than thirty miles long. The narrows,
+which connect what may be called, in truth two lakes, are crowded with
+islands, to such a degree as to leave passages between them frequently
+of only a few feet in width. The lake itself varies in breadth from one
+to three miles.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_83-6" id="Footnote_83-6"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_83-6" class="label">83-6</a> Chingachgook, the father of Uncas, is the chief of the
+Delaware or Mohican Indians.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_86-7" id="Footnote_86-7"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_86-7" class="label">86-7</a> <em>Kill Deer</em>, his favorite rifle, has a particularly long
+barrel, much longer than the rifle used by the soldiers. Hawkeye&#8217;s
+appearance is described in another place as follows: &#8220;The frame of the
+white man, judging by such parts as were not concealed by his clothes,
+was like that of one who had known hardships and exertion from his
+earliest youth. His person, though muscular, was rather attenuated than
+full; but every nerve and muscle appeared strung and indurated by
+unremitted exposure and toil. He wore a hunting-shirt of forest green,
+fringed with faded yellow, and a summer cap of skins which had been
+shorn of their fur. He also bore a knife in a girdle of wampum, like
+that which confined the scanty garments of the Indian, but no tomahawk.
+His moccasins were ornamented after the gay fashion of the natives,
+while the only part of his under-dress which appeared below the
+hunting-frock, was a pair of buckskin leggings that laced at the sides,
+and which were gartered above the knees with the sinews of a deer. A
+pouch and horn completed his personal accoutrements, though a rifle of
+great length, which the theory of the more ingenious whites had taught
+them was the most dangerous of all fire-arms, leaned against a
+neighboring sapling. The eye of the hunter, or scout, whichever he might
+be, was small, quick, keen, and restless, roving while he spoke, on
+every side of him, as if in quest of game, or distrusting the sudden
+approach of some lurking enemy. Notwithstanding these symptoms of
+habitual suspicion, his countenance was not only without guile, but, at
+the moment at which he is introduced, it was charged with an expression
+of sturdy honesty.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_87-8" id="Footnote_87-8"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_87-8" class="label">87-8</a> The Huron tribe sided with the French, and as they were
+powerful Indians, wise in woodcraft and fierce in battle, they were
+among the most deadly foes whom the English colonists had to meet.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_91-9" id="Footnote_91-9"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_91-9" class="label">91-9</a> <em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Le Gros Serpent</em> is a French phrase meaning <em>The Great
+Serpent</em>, or <em>The Big Snake</em>, a name which the Hurons gave to
+Chingachgook.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_91-10" id="Footnote_91-10"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_91-10" class="label">91-10</a> <em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">La Longue Carabine</em> means <em>The Long Rifle</em>, and is the
+French name which the Hurons gave to Hawkeye.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_91-11" id="Footnote_91-11"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_91-11" class="label">91-11</a> <em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Le Cerf Agile</em> is a French phrase which means <em>The
+Nimble Deer</em>. It is the name given to Uncas by the Hurons.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_BUFFALO" id="THE_BUFFALO"></a><b>THE BUFFALO</b></h2>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;The following selections are taken from <cite>The Oregon Trail</cite>,
+a narrative written by Francis Parkman describing the journey which
+he undertook in order to study the manners, customs and character
+of the Indians in their native state. Parkman planned this
+investigation to prepare himself more fully for writing his
+splendid <cite>Histories of the French and Indians in America</cite>, a series
+of books which are not only the best accounts we have of the
+period, but are also written in most charming style. His
+<cite>Conspiracy of Pontiac</cite> and <cite>La Salle</cite> are among the most readable
+of these works. The selections which we have made are peculiarly
+interesting. His journey was begun in the spring of 1846, and in
+the brief time that has elapsed the wilderness he describes has
+given way to populous states and thriving cities. The red man is
+seen there no longer, and the vast herds of buffalo whose numbers
+seem to us incredible have become wholly extinct. In the United
+States there remain almost no wild bison, and to study the animal
+at all a person must now examine those half domesticated groups
+that are confined in public parks.</p>
+
+<p>The extravagant slaughter which he chronicles bears little
+comparison to the hunts in which others engaged. The cruel and
+wanton destruction of the bison takes its place in history with the
+more fierce and relentless persecution which the Indians have
+suffered. When we read of the innumerable herds of bison which
+Parkman saw, we are inclined, however, not to wonder that he
+expressed the belief that the extinction of the animal was
+impossible. His description of his hunts are fascinating, and will
+rouse the wild blood in any boy&#8217;s nature.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapf"><span class="hide">F</span></span><span class="upper">our</span> days on the Platte, and yet no buffalo! Last year&#8217;s signs of them
+were provokingly abundant; and wood being extremely scarce, we found an
+admirable substitute in the <em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">bois de vache</em>, which burns exactly like
+peat, producing no unpleasant effects. The wagons one morning had left
+the camp; Shaw and I were already on horseback, but Henry <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span>
+still sat cross-legged by the dead embers of the fire, playing pensively
+with the lock of his rifle, while his sturdy Wyandotte pony stood
+quietly behind him, looking over his head. At last he got up, patted the
+neck of the pony (whom, from an exaggerated appreciation of his merits,
+he had christened &#8220;Five Hundred Dollar&#8221;), and then mounted with a
+melancholy air.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is it, Henry?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ah, I feel lonesome; I never been here before; but I see away yonder
+over the buttes, and down there on the prairie, black&mdash;all black with
+buffalo!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>In the afternoon he and I left the party in search of an antelope; until
+at the distance of a mile or two on the right, the tall white wagons and
+the little black specks of horsemen were just visible, so slowly
+advancing that they seemed motionless; and far on the left rose the
+broken line of scorched, desolate sand-hills. The vast plain waved with
+tall rank grass that swept our horses&#8217; bellies; it swayed to and fro in
+billows with the light breeze, and far and near antelope and wolves were
+moving through it, the hairy backs of the latter alternately appearing
+and disappearing as they bounded awkwardly along: while the antelope,
+with the simple curiosity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> peculiar to them, would often approach us
+closely, their little horns and white throats just visible above the
+grass tops, as they gazed eagerly at us with their round black eyes.</p>
+
+<p>I dismounted, and amused myself with firing at the wolves. Henry
+attentively scrutinized the surrounding landscape; at length he gave a
+shout, and called on me to mount again, pointing in the direction of the
+sand-hills. A mile and a half from us, two minute black specks slowly
+traversed the face of one of the bare glaring declivities, and
+disappeared behind the summit. &#8220;Let us go!&#8221; cried Henry, belaboring the
+sides of Five Hundred Dollar; and I following in his wake, we galloped
+rapidly through the rank grass toward the base of the hills.</p>
+
+<p>From one of their openings descended a deep ravine, widening as it
+issued on the prairie. We entered it, and galloping up, in a moment were
+surrounded by the bleak sand-hills. Half of their steep sides were bare;
+the rest were scantily clothed with clumps of grass, and various uncouth
+plants, conspicuous among which appeared the reptile-like prickly pear.
+They were gashed with numberless ravines; and as the sky had suddenly
+darkened, and a cold gusty wind arisen, the strange shrubs and the
+dreary hills looked doubly wild and desolate. But Henry&#8217;s face was all
+eagerness. He tore off a little hair from the piece of buffalo robe
+under his saddle, and threw it up to show the course of the wind. It
+blew directly before us. The game were therefore to windward, and it was
+necessary to make our best speed to get around them.</p>
+
+<p>We scrambled from this ravine, and galloping away through the hollows,
+soon found another, winding<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> like a snake among the hills, and so deep
+that it completely concealed us. We rode up the bottom of it, glancing
+through the shrubbery at its edge, till Henry abruptly jerked his rein,
+and slid out of his saddle. Full a quarter of a mile distant, on the
+outline of the farthest hill, a long procession of buffalo were walking
+in Indian file, with the utmost gravity and deliberation; then more
+appeared, clambering from a hollow not far off, and ascending, one
+behind the other, the grassy slope of another hill; then a shaggy head
+and a pair of short broken horns appeared issuing out of a ravine close
+at hand, and with a slow, stately step, one by one, the enormous brutes
+came into view, taking their way across the valley, wholly unconscious
+of an enemy. In a moment Henry was worming his way, lying flat on the
+ground, through grass and prickly pears, toward his unsuspecting
+victims. He had with him both my rifle and his own. He was soon out of
+sight, and still the buffalo kept issuing into the valley. For a long
+time all was silent; I sat holding his horse, and wondering what he was
+about, when suddenly, in rapid succession, came the sharp reports of the
+two rifles, and the whole line of buffalo, quickening their pace into a
+clumsy trot, gradually disappeared over the ridge of the hill. Henry
+rose to his feet, and stood looking after them.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You have missed them,&#8221; said I.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Henry; &#8220;let us go.&#8221; He descended into the ravine, loaded the
+rifles, and mounted his horse. We rode up the hill after the buffalo.
+The herd was out of sight when we reached the top, but lying on the
+grass not far off was one quite lifeless, and another violently
+struggling in the death agony.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span>&#8220;You see I miss him!&#8221; remarked Henry. He had fired from a distance of
+more than a hundred and fifty yards, and both balls had passed through
+the lungs&mdash;the true mark in shooting buffalo.</p>
+
+<p>The darkness increased, and a driving storm came on. Tying our horses to
+the horns of the victims, Henry began the bloody work of dissection,
+slashing away with the science of a connoisseur, while I vainly
+endeavored to imitate him. Old Hendrick recoiled with horror and
+indignation when I endeavored to tie the meat to the strings of rawhide,
+always carried for this purpose, dangling at the back of the saddle.
+After some difficulty we overcame his scruples; and heavily burdened
+with the more eligible portions of the buffalo, we set out on our
+return. Scarcely had we emerged from the labyrinth of gorges and
+ravines, and issued upon the open prairie, when the pricking sleet came
+driving, gust upon gust, directly in our faces. It was strangely dark,
+though wanting still an hour of sunset. The freezing storm soon
+penetrated to the skin, but the uneasy trot of our heavy-gaited horses
+kept us warm enough, as we forced them unwillingly in the teeth of the
+sleet and rain, by the powerful suasion of our Indian whips.</p>
+
+<p>The prairie in this place was hard and level. A flourishing colony of
+prairie dogs had burrowed into it in every direction, and the little
+mounds of fresh earth around their holes were about as numerous as the
+hills in a cornfield; but not a yelp was to be heard; not a nose of a
+single citizen was visible; all had retired to the depths of their
+burrows, and we envied them their dry and comfortable habitations.</p>
+
+<p>An hour&#8217;s hard riding showed us our tent dimly looming through the
+storm, one side puffed out by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span> the force of the wind, and the other
+collapsed in proportion, while the disconsolate horses stood shivering
+close around, and the wind kept up a dismal whistling in the boughs of
+three old half-dead trees above. Shaw, like a patriarch, sat on his
+saddle in the entrance, with a pipe in his mouth, and his arms folded,
+contemplating, with cool satisfaction, the piles of meat that we flung
+on the ground before him. A dark and dreary night succeeded; but the sun
+rose with a heat so sultry and languid that the captain excused himself
+on that account from waylaying an old buffalo bull, who with stupid
+gravity was walking over the prairie to drink at the river. So much for
+the climate of the Platte!</p>
+
+<p>We encamped that night upon the bank of the river. Among the emigrants
+there was an overgrown boy, some eighteen years old, with a head as
+round and about as large as a pumpkin, and fever-and-ague fits had dyed
+his face of a corresponding color. He wore an old white hat, tied under
+his chin with a handkerchief; his body was short and stout, but his legs
+of disproportioned and appalling length. I observed him at sunset,
+breasting the hill with gigantic strides, and standing against the sky
+on the summit, like a colossal pair of tongs. In a moment after we heard
+him screaming frantically behind the ridge, and nothing doubting that he
+was in the clutches of Indians or grizzly bears, some of the party
+caught up their rifles and ran to the rescue. His outcries, however,
+proved but an ebullition of joyous excitement; he had chased two little
+wolf pups to their burrow, and he was on his knees, grubbing away like a
+dog at the mouth of the hole, to get at them.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span>Before morning he caused more serious disquiet in the camp. It was his
+turn to hold the middle guard; but no sooner was he called up, than he
+coolly arranged a pair of saddle-bags under a wagon, laid his head upon
+them, closed his eyes, opened his mouth, and fell asleep. The guard on
+our side of the camp, thinking it no part of his duty to look after the
+cattle of the emigrants, contented himself with watching our own horses
+and mules; the wolves, he said, were unusually noisy; but still no
+mischief was anticipated until the sun rose, and not a hoof or horn was
+in sight! The cattle were gone! While Tom was quietly slumbering, the
+wolves had driven them away.</p>
+
+<p>Then we reaped the fruits of R.&#8217;s precious plan of traveling in company
+with emigrants. To leave them in their distress was not to be thought
+of, and we felt bound to wait until the cattle could be searched for,
+and, if possible, recovered. But the reader may be curious to know what
+punishment awaited the faithless Tom. By the wholesome law of the
+prairie, he who falls asleep on guard is condemned to walk all day,
+leading his horse by the bridle, and we found much fault with our
+companions for not enforcing such a sentence on the offender.
+<a name="corr2" id="corr2"></a>Nevertheless, had he been of our own party, I have no doubt he
+would in like manner have escaped scot-free. But the emigrants went
+farther than mere forbearance: they decreed that since Tom couldn&#8217;t
+stand guard without falling asleep, he shouldn&#8217;t stand guard at all, and
+henceforward his slumbers were unbroken.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Buffalo! buffalo!&#8221; It was but a grim old bull, roaming the prairie by
+himself in misanthropic<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span> seclusion; but there might be more behind the
+hills. Dreading the monotony and languor of the camp, Shaw and I saddled
+our horses, buckled our holsters in their places, and set out with Henry
+<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span> in search of the game. Henry, not intending to take part in
+the chase, but merely conducting us, carried his rifle with him, while
+we left ours behind as incumbrances. We rode for some five or six miles,
+and saw no living thing but wolves, snakes, and prairie dogs.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;This won&#8217;t do at all,&#8221; said Shaw.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What won&#8217;t do?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There&#8217;s no wood about here to make a litter for the wounded man; I have
+an idea that one of us will need something of the sort before the day is
+over.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>There was some foundation for such an apprehension, for the ground was
+none of the best for a race, and grew worse continually as we proceeded;
+indeed it soon became desperately bad, consisting of abrupt hills and
+deep hollows, cut by frequent ravines not easy to pass. At length, a
+mile in advance, we saw a band of bulls. Some were scattered grazing
+over a green declivity, while the rest were crowded more densely
+together in the wide hollow below. Making a circuit to keep out of
+sight, we rode toward them until we ascended a hill within a furlong of
+them, beyond which nothing intervened that could possibly screen us from
+their view. We dismounted behind the ridge just out of sight, drew our
+saddle-girths, examined our pistols, and mounting again rode over the
+hill, and descended at a canter toward them, bending close to our
+horses&#8217; necks. Instantly they took the alarm; those on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> hill
+descended; those below gathered into a mass, and the whole got in
+motion, shouldering each other along at a clumsy gallop. We followed,
+spurring our horses to full speed; and as the herd rushed, crowding and
+trampling in terror through an opening in the hills, we were close at
+their heels, half suffocated by the clouds of dust.</p>
+
+<p>But as we drew near, their alarm and speed increased; our horses showed
+signs of the utmost fear, bounding violently aside as we approached, and
+refusing to enter among the herd.</p>
+
+<p>The buffalo now broke into several small bodies, scampering over the
+hills in different directions, and I lost sight of Shaw; neither of us
+knew where the other had gone. Old Pontiac ran like a frantic elephant
+up hill and down hill, his ponderous hoofs striking the prairie like
+sledge-hammers. He showed a curious mixture of eagerness and terror,
+straining to overtake the panic-stricken herd, but constantly recoiling
+in dismay as we drew near. The fugitives offered no very attractive
+spectacle, with their enormous size and weight, their shaggy manes and
+the tattered remnants of their last winter&#8217;s hair covering their backs
+in irregular shreds and patches, and flying off in the wind as they ran.</p>
+
+<p>At length I urged my horse close behind a bull, and after trying in
+vain, by blows and spurring, to bring him alongside, I shot a bullet
+into the buffalo from this disadvantageous position. At the report,
+Pontiac swerved so much that I was again thrown a little behind the
+game. The bullet, entering too much in the rear, failed to disable the
+bull, for a buffalo requires to be shot at particular points, or he will
+certainly escape. The herd ran up a hill, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span> I followed in pursuit. As
+Pontiac rushed headlong down on the other side, I saw Shaw and Henry
+descending the hollow on the right, at a leisurely gallop; and in front,
+the buffalo were just disappearing behind the crest of the next hill,
+their short tails erect, and their hoofs twinkling through a cloud of
+dust.</p>
+
+<p>At that moment, I heard Shaw and Henry shouting to me; but the muscles
+of a stronger arm than mine could not have checked at once the furious
+course of Pontiac, whose mouth was as insensible as leather. Added to
+this, I rode him that morning with a common snaffle, having the day
+before, for the benefit of my other horse, unbuckled from my bridle the
+curb which I ordinarily used. A stronger and hardier brute never trod
+the prairie; but the novel sight of the buffalo filled him with terror,
+and when at full speed he was almost uncontrollable. Gaining the top of
+the ridge, I saw nothing of the buffalo; they had all vanished amid the
+intricacies of the hills and hollows. Reloading my pistols, in the best
+way I could, I galloped on until I saw them again scuttling along at the
+base of the hill, their panic somewhat abated. Down went old Pontiac
+among them, scattering them to the right and left, and then we had
+another long chase.</p>
+
+<p>About a dozen bulls were before us, scouring over the hills, rushing
+down the declivities with tremendous weight and impetuosity, and then
+laboring with a weary gallop upward. Still Pontiac, in spite of spurring
+and beating, would not close with them. One bull at length fell a little
+behind the rest, and by dint of much effort I urged my horse within six
+or eight yards of his side. His back was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> darkened with sweat; he was
+panting heavily, while his tongue lolled out a foot from his jaws.
+Gradually I came up abreast of him, urging Pontiac with leg and rein
+nearer to his side, when suddenly he did what buffalo in such
+circumstances will always do; he slackened his gallop, and turning
+toward us, with an aspect of mingled rage and distress, lowered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span> his
+<a name="corr3" id="corr3"></a>huge shaggy head for a charge. Pontiac, with a snort, leaped aside
+in terror, nearly throwing me to the ground, as I was wholly unprepared
+for such an evolution. I raised my pistol in a passion to strike him on
+the head, but thinking better of it, fired the bullet after the bull,
+who had resumed his flight; then drew rein, and determined to rejoin my
+companions. It was high time. The breath blew hard from Pontiac&#8217;s
+nostrils, and the sweat rolled in big drops down his sides; I myself
+felt as if drenched in warm water.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image26" id="image26"></a><a href="images/image26-full.png"><img src="images/image26.png" width="251" height="310" alt="A man on horseback racing beside a buffalo" title="GRADUALLY I CAME ABREAST OF HIM" /></a>
+<span class="caption">GRADUALLY I CAME ABREAST OF HIM</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Pledging myself (and I redeemed the pledge) to take my revenge at a
+future opportunity, I looked round for some indications to show me where
+I was, and what course I ought to pursue; I might as well have looked
+for landmarks in the midst of the ocean. How many miles I had run or in
+what direction, I had no idea; and around me the prairie was rolling in
+steep swells and pitches, without a single distinctive feature to guide
+me. I had a little compass hung at my neck; and ignorant that the Platte
+at this point diverged considerably from its easterly course, I thought
+that by keeping to the northward I should certainly reach it. So I
+turned and rode about two hours in that direction. The prairie changed
+as I advanced, softening away into easier undulations, but nothing like
+the Platte appeared, nor any sign of a human being; the same wild
+endless expanse lay around me still; and to all appearance I was as far
+from my object as ever. I began now to consider myself in danger of
+being lost; and therefore, reining in my horse, summoned the scanty
+share of woodcraft that I possessed (if that term be applicable upon the
+prairie) to extricate<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span> me. Looking round, it occurred to me that the
+buffalo might prove my best guides. I soon found one of the paths made
+by them in their passage to the river; it ran nearly at right angles to
+my course; but turning my horse&#8217;s head in the direction it indicated,
+his freer gait and erected ears assured me that I was right.</p>
+
+<p>But in the meantime my ride had been by no means a solitary one. The
+whole face of the country was dotted far and wide with countless
+hundreds of buffalo. They trooped along in files and columns, bulls,
+cows, and calves, on the green faces of the declivities in front. They
+scrambled away over the hills to the right and left; and far off, the
+pale blue swells in the extreme distance were dotted with innumerable
+specks. Sometimes I surprised shaggy old bulls grazing alone, or
+sleeping behind the ridges I ascended. They would leap up at my
+approach, stare stupidly at me through their tangled manes, and then
+gallop heavily away. The antelope were very numerous; and as they are
+always bold when in the neighborhood of buffalo, they would approach
+quite near to look at me, gazing intently with their great round eyes,
+then suddenly leap aside, and stretch lightly away over the prairie, as
+swiftly as a racehorse. Squalid, ruffianlike wolves sneaked through the
+hollows and sandy ravines. Several times I passed through villages of
+prairie dogs, who sat, each at the mouth of his burrow, holding his paws
+before him in a supplicating attitude, and yelping away most vehemently,
+energetically whisking his little tail with every squeaking cry he
+uttered. Prairie dogs are not fastidious in their choice of companions;
+various long, checkered snakes were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> sunning themselves in the midst of
+the village, and demure little gray owls, with a large white ring around
+each eye, were perched side by side with the rightful inhabitants. The
+prairie teemed with life. Again and again I looked toward the crowded
+hillsides, and was sure I saw horsemen; and riding near, with a mixture
+of hope and dread, for Indians were abroad, I found them transformed
+into a group of buffalo. There was nothing in human shape amid all this
+vast congregation of brute forms.</p>
+
+<p>When I turned down the buffalo path, the prairie seemed changed; only a
+wolf or two glided past at intervals, like conscious felons, never
+looking to the right or left. Being now free from anxiety, I was at
+leisure to observe minutely the objects around me; and here, for the
+first time, I noticed insects wholly different from any of the varieties
+found farther to the eastward. Gaudy butterflies fluttered about my
+horse&#8217;s head; strangely formed beetles, glittering with metallic luster,
+were crawling upon plants that I had never seen before; multitudes of
+lizards, too, were darting like lightning over the sand.</p>
+
+<p>I had run to a great distance from the river. It cost me a long ride on
+the buffalo path before I saw from the ridge of a sand-hill the pale
+surface of the Platte glistening in the midst of its desert valleys and
+the faint outline of the hills beyond waving along the sky. From where I
+stood, not a tree nor a bush nor a living thing was visible throughout
+the whole extent of the sun-scorched landscape. In half an hour I came
+upon the trail, not far from the river; and seeing that the party had
+not yet passed, I turned eastward to meet them, old Pontiac&#8217;s long<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span>
+swinging trot again assuring me that I was right in doing so. Having
+been slightly ill on leaving camp in the morning, six or seven hours of
+rough riding had fatigued me extremely. I soon stopped, therefore; flung
+my saddle on the ground, and with my head resting on it, and my horse&#8217;s
+trail-rope tied loosely to my arm, lay waiting the arrival of the party,
+speculating meanwhile on the extent of the injuries Pontiac had
+received. At length the white wagon coverings rose from the verge of the
+plain. By a singular coincidence, almost at the same moment two horsemen
+appeared coming down from the hills. They were Shaw and Henry, who had
+searched for me awhile in the morning, but well knowing the futility of
+the attempt in such a broken country, had placed themselves on the top
+of the highest hill they could find, and picketing their horses near
+them, as a signal to me, had lain down and fallen asleep. The stray
+cattle had been recovered, as the emigrants told us, about noon. Before
+sunset, we pushed forward eight miles farther.</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&Ecirc;TE ROUGE</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapt"><span class="hide">T</span></span><span class="upper">he</span> next morning, having directed Delorier to repair with his cart to
+the place of meeting, we came again to the fort to make some
+arrangements for the journey. After completing these we sat down under a
+sort of perch, to smoke with some Cheyenne Indians whom we found there.
+In a few minutes we saw an extraordinary little figure approach us in a
+military dress. He had a small, round countenance, garnished about the
+eyes with the kind of wrinkles<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> commonly known as crow&#8217;s feet and
+surrounded by an abundant crop of red curls, with a little cap resting
+on the top of them. Altogether, he had the look of a man more conversant
+with mint juleps and oyster suppers than with the hardships of prairie
+service. He came up to us and entreated that we would take him home to
+the settlements, saying that unless he went with us he should have to
+stay all winter at the fort. We liked our petitioner&#8217;s appearance so
+little that we excused ourselves from complying with his request. At
+this he begged us so hard to take pity on him, that at last we
+consented, though not without many misgivings.</p>
+
+<p>The rugged Anglo-Saxon of our new recruit&#8217;s real name proved utterly
+unmanageable on the lips of our French attendants, and Henry <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span>,
+after various abortive attempts to pronounce it, one day coolly
+christened him <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> in honor of his red curls. He had at
+different times been clerk of a Mississippi steamboat, and agent in a
+trading establishment at Nauvoo, besides filling various other
+capacities, in all of which he had seen much more of &#8220;life&#8221; than was
+good for him. In the spring, thinking that a summer&#8217;s campaign would be
+an agreeable recreation, he had joined a company of Saint Louis
+volunteers.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There were three of us,&#8221; said <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> &#8220;me and Bill Stevens and John
+Hopkins. We thought we would just go out with the army, and when we had
+conquered the country, we would get discharged and take our pay, you
+know, and go down to Mexico. They say there is plenty of fun going on
+there. Then we could go back to New Orleans by way of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Vera Cruz</span>.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span>But <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> like many a stouter volunteer, had reckoned without his
+host. Fighting Mexicans was a less amusing occupation than he had
+supposed, and his pleasure trip was disagreeably interrupted by brain
+fever, which attacked him when about halfway to Bent&#8217;s Fort. He jolted
+along through the rest of the journey in a baggage wagon. When they came
+to the fort he was taken out and left there, together with the rest of
+the sick. Bent&#8217;s Fort does not supply the best accommodations for an
+invalid. <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge&#8217;s</span> sick chamber was a little mud room, where he and a
+companion attacked by the same disease were laid together, with nothing
+but a buffalo robe between them and the ground. The assistant surgeon&#8217;s
+deputy visited them once a day and brought them each a huge dose of
+calomel, the only medicine, according to his surviving victim, which he
+was acquainted with.</p>
+
+<p><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span> woke one morning, and turning to his companion, saw his eyes
+fixed upon the beams above with the glassy stare of a dead man. At this
+the unfortunate volunteer lost his senses outright. In spite of the
+doctor, however, he eventually recovered; though between the brain fever
+and the calomel, his mind, originally none of the strongest, was so much
+shaken that it had not quite recovered its balance when we came to the
+fort. In spite of the poor fellow&#8217;s tragic story, there was something so
+ludicrous in his appearance, and the whimsical contrast between his
+military dress and his most unmilitary demeanor, that we could not help
+smiling at them.</p>
+
+<p>We asked him if he had a gun. He said they had taken it from him during
+his illness, and he had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span> not seen it since; &#8220;but perhaps,&#8221; he observed,
+looking at me with a beseeching air, &#8220;you will lend me one of your big
+pistols if we should meet with any Indians.&#8221; I next inquired if he had a
+horse; he declared he had a magnificent one, and at Shaw&#8217;s request a
+Mexican led him in for inspection. He exhibited the outline of a good
+horse, but his eyes were sunk in the sockets, and every one of his ribs
+could be counted. There were certain marks too about his shoulders,
+which could be accounted for by the circumstance, that during <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te
+Rouge&#8217;s</span> illness, his companions had seized upon the insulted charger,
+and harnessed him to a cannon along with the draft horses. To <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te
+Rouge&#8217;s</span> astonishment we recommended him by all means to exchange the
+horse, if he could, for a mule. Fortunately the people at the fort were
+so anxious to get rid of him that they were willing to make some
+sacrifice to effect the object, and he succeeded in getting a tolerable
+mule in exchange for the broken-down steed.</p>
+
+<p>A man soon appeared at the gate, leading in the mule by a cord which he
+placed in the hands of <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> who, being somewhat afraid of his new
+acquisition, tried various flatteries and blandishments to induce her to
+come forward. The mule, knowing that she was expected to advance,
+stopped short in consequence, and stood fast as a rock, looking straight
+forward with immovable composure. Being stimulated by a blow from behind
+she consented to move, and walked nearly to the other side of the fort
+before she stopped again. Hearing the bystanders laugh, <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span>
+plucked up spirit and tugged hard at the rope. The mule jerked backward,
+spun herself round, and made a dash for the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span> gate. <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> who clung
+manfully to the rope, went whisking through the air for a few rods, when
+he let go and stood with his mouth open, staring after the mule, who
+galloped away over the prairie. She was soon caught and brought back by
+a Mexican, who mounted a horse and went in pursuit of her with his
+lasso.</p>
+
+<p>Having thus displayed his capacities for prairie traveling, <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te</span>
+proceeded to supply himself with provisions for the journey, and with
+this view he applied to a quartermaster&#8217;s assistant who was in the fort.
+This official had a face as sour as vinegar, being in a state of chronic
+indignation because he had been left behind the army. He was as anxious
+as the rest to get rid of <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge.</span> So, producing a rusty key, he
+opened a low door which led to a half-subterranean apartment, into which
+the two disappeared together. After some time they came out again, <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te
+Rouge</span> greatly embarrassed by a multiplicity of paper parcels containing
+the different articles of his forty days&#8217; rations. They were consigned
+to the care of Delorier, who about that time passed by with the cart on
+his way to the appointed place of meeting with Munroe and his
+companions.</p>
+
+<p>We next urged <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span> to provide himself, if he could, with a gun. He
+accordingly made earnest appeals to the charity of various persons in
+the fort, but totally without success, a circumstance which did not
+greatly disturb us, since in the event of a skirmish he would be much
+more apt to do mischief to himself or his friends than to the enemy.
+When all these arrangements were completed we saddled our horses and
+were preparing to leave the fort, when looking round we discovered that
+our<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> new associate was in fresh trouble. A man was holding the mule for
+him in the middle of the fort, while he tried to put the saddle on her
+back, but she kept stepping sideways and moving round and round in a
+circle until he was almost in despair. It required some assistance
+before all his difficulties could be overcome. At length he clambered
+into the black war saddle on which he was to have carried terror into
+the ranks of the Mexicans.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Get up,&#8221; said <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge.</span> &#8220;Come now, go along, will you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The mule walked deliberately forward out of the gate. Her recent conduct
+had inspired him with so much awe that he never dared to touch her with
+his whip. We trotted forward toward the place of meeting, but before he
+had gone far we saw that <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge&#8217;s</span> mule, who perfectly understood her
+rider, had stopped and was quietly grazing, in spite of his
+protestations, at some distance behind. So getting behind him, we drove
+him and the contumacious mule before us, until we could see through the
+twilight the gleaming of a distant fire.</p>
+
+<p>We began our journey for the frontier settlements on the 27th of August,
+and certainly a more ragamuffin cavalcade never was seen on the upper
+Arkansas. Of the large and fine horses with which we had left the
+frontier in the spring, not one remained; we had supplied their place
+with the rough breed of the prairie, as hardy as mules and almost as
+ugly; we had also with us a number of the latter detestable animals. In
+spite of their strength and hardihood, several of the band were already
+worn down by hard service and hard fare, and as none of them were shod,
+they were fast becoming foot-sore.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> Every horse and mule had a cord of
+twisted bull-hide coiled around his neck, which by no means added to the
+beauty of his appearance. Our saddles and all our equipments were by
+this time lamentably worn and battered, and our weapons had become dull
+and rusty. The dress of the riders fully corresponded with the
+dilapidated furniture of our horses, and of the whole party none made a
+more disreputable appearance than my friend and I. Shaw had for an upper
+garment an old red flannel shirt, flying open in front and belted around
+him like a frock; while I, in absence of other clothing, was attired in
+a time-worn suit of leather.</p>
+
+<p>Thus happy and careless as so many beggars, we crept slowly from day to
+day along the monotonous banks of the Arkansas. <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span> gave constant
+trouble, for he could never catch his mule, saddle her, or indeed do
+anything else without assistance. Every day he had some new ailment,
+real or imaginary, to complain of. At one moment he would be woebegone
+and disconsolate, and the next he would be visited with a violent flow
+of spirits, to which he could only give vent by incessant laughing,
+whistling, and telling stories. When other resources failed, we used to
+amuse ourselves by tormenting him; a fair compensation for the trouble
+he cost us. <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span> rather enjoyed being laughed at, for he was an
+odd compound of weakness, eccentricity, and good-nature. He made a
+figure worthy of a painter as he paced along before us, perched on the
+back of his mule, and enveloped in a huge buffalo-robe coat, which some
+charitable person had given him at the fort. This extraordinary garment,
+which would have contained two men of his size, he chose,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> for some
+reason best known to himself, to wear inside out, and he never took it
+off, even in the hottest weather. It was fluttering all over with seams
+and tatters, and the hide was so old and rotten that it broke out every
+day in a new place. Just at the top of it a large pile of red curls was
+visible, with his little cap set jauntily upon one side, to give him a
+military air. His seat in the saddle was no less remarkable than his
+person and equipment. He pressed one leg close against his mule&#8217;s side,
+and thrust the other out at an angle of 45&deg;. His pantaloons were
+decorated with a military red stripe, of which he was extremely vain;
+but being much too short, the whole length of his boots was usually
+visible below them. His blanket, loosely rolled up into a large bundle,
+dangled at the back of his saddle, where he carried it tied with a
+string. Four or five times a day it would fall to the ground. Every few
+minutes he would drop his pipe, his knife, his flint and steel, or a
+piece of tobacco, and have to scramble down to pick them up. In doing
+this he would contrive to get in everybody&#8217;s way; and as the most of the
+party were by no means remarkable for a fastidious choice of language, a
+storm of anathemas would be showered upon him, half in earnest and half
+in jest, until <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span> would declare that there was no comfort in
+life, and that he never saw such fellows before.</p>
+
+<p>On the next afternoon, as we moved along the bank of the river, we saw
+the white tops of wagons on the horizon. It was some hours before we met
+them, when they proved to be a train of clumsy ox-wagons, quite
+different from the rakish vehicles of the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Santa F&eacute;</span> traders, and loaded
+with government<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span> stores for the troops. They all stopped, and the
+drivers gathered around us in a crowd. I thought that the whole frontier
+might have been ransacked in vain to furnish men worse fitted to meet
+the dangers of the prairie. Many of them were mere boys, fresh from the
+plow, and devoid of knowledge and experience.</p>
+
+<p>Just after leaving the government wagons, as Shaw and I were riding
+along a narrow passage between the river bank and a rough hill that
+passed close upon it, we heard <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge&#8217;s</span> voice behind us. &#8220;Hallo!&#8221; he
+called out; &#8220;I say, stop the cart just for a minute, will you?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What&#8217;s the matter, <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te?&#8221;</span> asked Shaw, as he came riding up to us with a
+grin of exultation. He had a bottle of molasses in one hand, and a large
+bundle of hides on the saddle before him, containing, as he triumphantly
+informed us, sugar, biscuits, coffee, and rice. These supplies he had
+obtained by a stratagem on which he greatly plumed himself, and he was
+extremely vexed and astonished that we did not fall in with his views of
+the matter. He had told Coates, the master-wagoner, that the commissary
+at the fort had given him an order for sick-rations, directed to the
+master of any government train which he might meet upon the road. This
+order he had unfortunately lost, but he hoped that the rations would not
+be refused on that account, as he was suffering from coarse fare and
+needed them very much. As soon as he came to camp that night <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span>
+repaired to the box at the back of the cart, where Delorier used to keep
+his culinary apparatus, took possession of a saucepan, and after
+building a little fire of his own, set to work preparing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> a meal out of
+his ill-gotten booty. This done, he seized on a tin plate and spoon, and
+sat down under the cart to regale himself. His preliminary repast did
+not at all prejudice his subsequent exertions at supper; where, in spite
+of his miniature dimensions, he made a better figure than any of us.
+Indeed, about this time his appetite grew quite voracious. He began to
+thrive wonderfully. His small body visibly expanded, and his cheeks,
+which when we first took him were rather yellow and cadaverous, now
+dilated in a wonderful manner, and became ruddy in proportion. <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te
+Rouge,</span> in short, began to appear like another man.</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section">THE CHASE</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapt"><span class="hide">T</span></span><span class="upper">he</span> country before us was now thronged with buffalo, and a sketch of the
+manner of hunting them will not be out of place. There are two methods
+commonly practiced, &#8220;running&#8221; and &#8220;approaching.&#8221; The chase on horseback,
+which goes by the name of &#8220;running,&#8221; is the more violent and dashing
+mode of the two. Indeed, of all American wild sports, this is the
+wildest. Once among the buffalo, the hunter, unless long use has made
+him familiar with the situation, dashes forward in utter recklessness
+and self-abandonment. He thinks of nothing, cares for nothing, but the
+game; his mind is stimulated to the highest pitch, yet intensely
+concentrated on one object. In the midst of the flying herd, where the
+uproar and the dust are thickest, it never wavers for a moment; he drops
+the rein and abandons his horse to his furious career; he levels his
+gun, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> report sounds faint amid the thunder of the buffalo; and when
+his wounded enemy leaps in vain fury upon him, his heart thrills with a
+feeling like the fierce delight of the battlefield. A practiced and
+skilful hunter, well mounted, will sometimes kill five or six cows in a
+single chase, loading his gun again and again as his horse rushes
+through the tumult. An exploit like this is quite beyond the capacities
+of a novice.</p>
+
+<p>In attacking a small band of buffalo, or in separating a single animal
+from the herd and assailing it apart from the rest, there is less
+excitement and less danger. With a bold and well-trained horse the
+hunter may ride so close to the buffalo that as they gallop side by side
+he may reach over and touch him with his hand; nor is there much danger
+in this as long as the buffalo&#8217;s strength and breath continue unabated;
+but when he becomes tired and can no longer run at ease, when his tongue
+lolls out and foam flies from his jaws, then the hunter had better keep
+at a respectful distance; the distressed brute may turn upon him at any
+instant; and especially at the moment when he fires his gun. The wounded
+buffalo springs at his enemy; the horse leaps violently aside; and then
+the hunter has need of a tenacious seat in the saddle, for if he is
+thrown to the ground there is no hope for him. When he sees his attack
+defeated the buffalo resumes his flight, but if the shot be well
+directed he soon stops; for a few minutes he stands still, then totters
+and falls heavily upon the prairie.</p>
+
+<p>The chief difficulty in running buffalo, as it seems to me, is that of
+loading the gun or pistol at full gallop. Many hunters for convenience&#8217;
+sake<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> carry three or four bullets in the mouth; the powder is poured
+down the muzzle of the piece, the bullet dropped in after it, the stock
+struck hard upon the pommel of the saddle, and the work is done. The
+danger of this method is obvious. Should the blow on the pommel fail to
+send the bullet home, or should the latter, in the act of aiming, start
+from its place and roll toward the muzzle, the gun would probably burst
+in discharging. Many a shattered hand and worse casualties besides have
+been the result of such an accident. To obviate it, some hunters make
+use of a ramrod, usually hung by a string from the neck, but this
+materially increases the difficulty of loading. The bows and arrows
+which the Indians use in running buffalo have many advantages over
+firearms, and even white men occasionally employ them.</p>
+
+<p>The danger of the chase arises not so much from the onset of the wounded
+animal as from the nature of the ground which the hunter must ride over.
+The prairie does not always present a smooth, level, and uniform
+surface; very often it is broken with hills and hollows, intersected by
+ravines, and in the remoter parts studded by the stiff wild-sage bushes.
+The most formidable obstructions, however, are the burrows of wild
+animals, wolves, badgers, and particularly prairie dogs, with whose
+holes the ground for a very great extent is frequently honeycombed. In
+the blindness of the chase the hunter rushes over it unconscious of
+danger; his horse, at full career, thrusts his leg deep into one of the
+burrows; the bone snaps, the rider is hurled forward to the ground and
+probably killed. Yet accidents in buffalo running happen less frequently
+than one would suppose;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span> in the recklessness of the chase, the hunter
+enjoys all the impunity of a drunken man, and may ride in safety over
+the gullies and declivities where, should he attempt to pass in his
+sober senses, he would infallibly break his neck.</p>
+
+<p>The method of &#8220;approaching,&#8221; being practiced on foot, has many
+advantages over that of &#8220;running&#8221;; in the former, one neither breaks
+down his horse nor endangers his own life; instead of yielding to
+excitement he must be cool, collected, and watchful; he must understand
+the buffalo, observe the features of the country and the course of the
+wind, and be well skilled, moreover, in using the rifle. The buffalo are
+strange animals; sometimes they are so stupid and infatuated that a man
+may walk up to them in full sight on the open prairie and even shoot
+several of their number before the rest will think it necessary to
+retreat. Again at another moment they will be so shy and wary, that in
+order to approach them the utmost skill, experience, and judgment are
+necessary. Kit Carson, I believe, stands pre-eminent in running buffalo;
+in approaching, no man living can bear away the palm from Henry
+<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span>.</p>
+
+<p>The next day was one of activity and excitement, for about ten o&#8217;clock
+the men in advance shouted the gladdening cry of &#8220;Buffalo, buffalo!&#8221; and
+in the hollow of the prairie just below us, a band of bulls were
+grazing. The temptation was irresistible, and Shaw and I rode down upon
+them. We were badly mounted on our traveling horses, but by hard lashing
+we overtook them, and Shaw, running alongside of a bull, shot into him
+both balls of his double-barreled gun. Looking around as I galloped
+past,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span> I saw the bull in his mortal fury rushing again and again upon
+his antagonist, whose horse constantly leaped aside, and avoided the
+onset. My chase was more protracted, but at length I ran close to the
+bull and killed him with my pistols. Cutting off the tails of our
+victims by way of trophy, we rejoined the party in about a quarter of an
+hour after we left it.</p>
+
+<p>Again and again that morning rang out the same welcome cry of &#8220;Buffalo,
+buffalo!&#8221; Every few minutes in the broad meadows along the river, we
+would see bands of bulls, who, raising their shaggy heads, would gaze in
+stupid amazement at the approaching horsemen, and then breaking into a
+clumsy gallop, would file off in a long line across the trail in front,
+toward the rising prairie on the left. At noon, the whole plain before
+us was alive with thousands of buffalo&mdash;bulls, cows, and calves&mdash;all
+moving rapidly as we drew near; and far off beyond the river the
+swelling prairie was darkened with them to the very horizon. The party
+was in gayer spirits than ever. We stopped for a nooning near a grove of
+trees by the river-side.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Tongues and hump ribs to-morrow,&#8221; said Shaw, looking with contempt at
+the venison steaks which Delorier placed before us. Our meal finished,
+we lay down under a temporary awning to sleep. A shout from Henry
+<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span> aroused us, and we saw him standing on the cart-wheel,
+stretching his tall figure to its full height while he looked toward the
+prairie beyond the river. Following the direction of his eyes we could
+clearly <a name="corr4" id="corr4"></a>distinguish a large dark object, like the black shadow of
+a cloud, passing rapidly over swell after swell of the distant plain;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span>
+behind it followed another of similar appearance though smaller. Its
+motion was more rapid, and it drew closer and closer to the first. It
+was Arapahoe hunters pursuing a band of buffalo. Shaw and I hastily
+sought and saddled our best horses, and went plunging through sand and
+water to the farther bank. We were too late. The hunters had already
+mingled with the herd, and the work of slaughter was nearly over. When
+we reached the ground we found it strewn far and near with numberless
+black carcasses, while the remnants of the herd, scattered in all
+directions, were flying away in terror, and the Indians still rushing in
+pursuit. Many of the hunters, however, remained upon the spot, and among
+the rest was our yesterday&#8217;s acquaintance, the chief of the village. He
+had alighted by the side of a cow, into which he had shot five or six
+arrows, and his squaw, who had followed him on horseback to the hunt,
+was giving him a draught of water out of a canteen, purchased or
+plundered from some volunteer soldier. Recrossing the river we overtook
+the party, who were already on their way.</p>
+
+<p>We had scarcely gone a mile when an imposing spectacle presented itself.
+From the river bank on the right, away over the swelling prairie on the
+left, and in front as far as we could see, extended one vast host of
+buffalo. The outskirts of the herd were within a quarter of a mile. In
+many parts they were crowded so densely together that in the distance
+their rounded backs presented a surface of uniform blackness; but
+elsewhere they were more scattered, and from amid the multitude rose
+little columns of dust where the buffalo were rolling on the ground.
+Here and there a great confusion was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> perceptible, where a battle was
+going forward among the bulls. We could distinctly see them rushing
+against each other, and hear the clattering of their horns and their
+hoarse bellowing. Shaw was riding at some distance in advance, with
+Henry <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span>; I saw him stop and draw the leather covering from his
+gun. Indeed, with such a sight before us, but one thing could be thought
+of. That morning I had used pistols in the chase. I had now<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> a mind to
+try the virtue of a gun. Delorier had one, and I rode up to the side of
+the cart; there he sat under the white covering, biting his pipe between
+his teeth and grinning with excitement.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image27" id="image27"></a><a href="images/image27-full.png"><img src="images/image27.png" width="251" height="279" alt="A man standing by two horses hitched to a covered wagon, all looking at a herd of buffalo in the distance" title="ONE VAST HOST OF BUFFALO" /></a>
+<span class="caption">ONE VAST HOST OF BUFFALO</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>&#8220;Lend me your gun, Delorier,&#8221; said I.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;<em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Oui, monsieur, oui</em>,&#8221;<a name="Anchor_126-1" id="Anchor_126-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 126-1" href="#Footnote_126-1" class="fnanchor">126-1</a> said Delorier, tugging with might and
+main to stop the mule, which seemed obstinately bent on going forward.
+Then everything but his moccasins disappeared as he crawled into the
+cart and pulled at the gun to extricate it.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;<em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Oui, bien charg&eacute;</em>;<a name="Anchor_126-2" id="Anchor_126-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 126-2" href="#Footnote_126-2" class="fnanchor">126-2</a> you&#8217;ll kill, <em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">mon bourgeois</em>;<a name="Anchor_126-3" id="Anchor_126-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 126-3" href="#Footnote_126-3" class="fnanchor">126-3</a> yes,
+you&#8217;ll kill&mdash;<em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">c&#8217;est un bon fusil</em>.&#8221;<a name="Anchor_126-4" id="Anchor_126-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 126-4" href="#Footnote_126-4" class="fnanchor">126-4</a></p>
+
+<p>I handed him my rifle and rode forward to Shaw.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Are you ready?&#8221; he asked.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Come on,&#8221; said I.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Keep down that hollow,&#8221; said Henry, &#8220;and then they won&#8217;t see you till
+you get close to them.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The hollow was a kind of ravine very wide and shallow; it ran obliquely
+toward the buffalo, and we rode at a canter along the bottom until it
+became too shallow, when we bent close to our horses&#8217; necks, and then
+finding that it could no longer conceal us, came out of it and rode
+directly toward the herd. It was within gunshot; before its outskirts,
+numerous grizzly old bulls were scattered, holding guard over their
+females. They glared at us in anger and astonishment, walked toward us a
+few yards, and then turning slowly round retreated at a trot which
+afterward broke into a clumsy gallop. In an instant the main body caught
+the alarm. The buffalo began<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span> to crowd away from the point toward which
+we were approaching, and a gap was opened in the side of the herd. We
+entered it, still restraining our excited horses. Every instant the
+tumult was thickening. The buffalo, pressing together in large bodies,
+crowded away from us on every hand. In front and on either side we could
+see dark columns and masses, half hidden by clouds of dust, rushing
+along in terror and confusion, and hear the tramp and clattering of ten
+thousand hoofs. That countless multitude of powerful brutes, ignorant of
+their own strength, were flying in a panic from the approach of two
+feeble horsemen. To remain quiet longer was impossible.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Take that band on the left,&#8221; said Shaw; &#8220;I&#8217;ll take these in front.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>He sprang off, and I saw no more of him. A heavy Indian whip was
+fastened by a band to my wrist; I swung it into the air and lashed my
+horse&#8217;s flank with all the strength of my arm. Away she darted,
+stretching close to the ground. I could see nothing but a cloud of dust
+before me, but I knew that it concealed a band of many hundreds of
+buffalo. In a moment I was in the midst of the cloud, half suffocated by
+the dust and stunned by the trampling of the flying herd; but I was
+drunk with the chase and cared for nothing but the buffalo. Very soon a
+long dark mass became visible, looming through the dust; then I could
+distinguish each bulky carcass, the hoofs flying out beneath, the short
+tails held rigidly erect. In a moment I was so close that I could have
+touched them with my gun.</p>
+
+<p>Suddenly, to my utter amazement, the hoofs were jerked upward, the tails
+flourished in the air, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span> amid a cloud of dust the buffalo seemed to
+sink into the earth before me. One vivid impression of that instant upon
+my mind. I remember looking down upon the backs of several buffalo dimly
+visible through the dust. We had run unawares upon a ravine. At that
+moment I was not the most accurate judge of depth and width, but when I
+passed it on my return, I found it about twelve feet deep and not quite
+twice as wide at the bottom. It was impossible to stop; I would have
+done so gladly if I could; so, half sliding, half plunging, down went
+the little mare. I believe she came down on her knees in the loose sand
+at the bottom; I was pitched forward violently against her neck and
+nearly thrown over her head among the buffalo, who amid dust and
+confusion came tumbling in all around. The mare was on her feet in an
+instant and scrambling like a cat up the opposite side. I thought for a
+moment that she would have fallen back and crushed me, but with a
+violent effort she clambered out and gained the hard prairie above.
+Glancing back I saw the huge head of a bull clinging as it were by the
+forefeet at the edge of the dusty gulf. At length I was fairly among the
+buffalo. They were less densely crowded than before, and I could see
+nothing but bulls, who always run at the rear of the herd. As I passed
+amid them they would lower their heads, and turning as they ran, attempt
+to gore my horse; but as they were already at full speed there was no
+force in their onset, and as Pauline ran faster than they, they were
+always thrown behind her in the effort.</p>
+
+<p>I soon began to distinguish cows amid the throng. One just in front of
+me seemed to my liking, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span> I pushed close to her side. Dropping the
+reins I fired, holding the muzzle of the gun within a foot of her
+shoulder. Quick as lightning she sprang at Pauline; the little mare
+dodged the attack, and I lost sight of the wounded animal amid the
+tumultuous crowd. Immediately after I selected another, and urging
+forward Pauline, shot into her both pistols in succession. For a while I
+kept her in view, but in attempting to load my gun, lost sight of her
+also in the confusion. Believing her to be mortally wounded and unable
+to keep up with the herd, I checked my horse. The crowd rushed onward.
+The dust and tumult passed away, and on the prairie, far behind the
+rest, I saw a solitary buffalo galloping heavily. In a moment I and my
+victim were running side by side. My firearms were all empty, and I had
+in my pouch nothing but rifle bullets, too large for the pistols and too
+small for the gun. I loaded the latter, however, but as often as I
+leveled it to fire, the little bullets would roll out of the muzzle and
+the gun returned only a faint report like a squib, as the powder
+harmlessly exploded. I galloped in front of the buffalo, and attempted
+to turn her back; but her eyes glared, her mane bristled, and lowering
+her head, she rushed at me with astonishing fierceness and activity.
+Again and again I rode before her, and again and again she repeated her
+furious charge. But little Pauline was in her element. She dodged her
+enemy at every rush, until at length the buffalo stood still, exhausted
+with her own efforts; she panted, and her tongue hung lolling from her
+jaws.</p>
+
+<p>Riding to a little distance I alighted, thinking to gather a handful of
+dry grass to serve the purpose<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> of wadding, and load the gun at my
+leisure. No sooner were my feet on the ground than the buffalo came
+bounding in such a rage toward me that I jumped back again into the
+saddle with all possible dispatch. After waiting a few minutes more, I
+made an attempt to ride up and stab her with my knife; but the
+experiment proved such as no wise man would repeat. At length,
+bethinking me of the fringes at the seams of my buckskin pantaloons, I
+jerked off a few of them, and reloading the gun, forced them down the
+barrel to keep the bullet in its place; then approaching, I shot the
+wounded buffalo through the heart. Sinking to her knees, she rolled over
+lifeless on the prairie. To my astonishment, I found that instead of a
+fat cow I had been slaughtering a stout yearling bull. No longer
+wondering at the fierceness he had shown, I opened his throat, and
+cutting out his tongue, tied it at the back of my saddle. My mistake was
+one which a more experienced eye than mine might easily make in the dust
+and confusion of such a chase.</p>
+
+<p>Then for the first time I had leisure to look at the scene around me.
+The prairie in front was darkened with the retreating multitude, and on
+the other hand the buffalo came filing up in endless unbroken columns
+from the low plains upon the river. The Arkansas was three or four miles
+distant. I turned and moved slowly toward it. A long time passed,
+before, far down in the distance, I distinguished the white covering of
+the cart and the little black specks of horsemen before and behind it.
+Drawing near, I recognized Shaw&#8217;s elegant tunic, the red flannel shirt,
+conspicuous far off. I overtook the party, and asked him what success<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span>
+he had met with. He had assailed a fat cow, shot her with two bullets,
+and mortally wounded her. But neither of us were prepared for the chase
+that afternoon, and Shaw, like myself, had no spare bullets in his
+pouch; so he abandoned the disabled animal to Henry <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span>, who
+followed, dispatched her with his rifle, and loaded his horse with her
+meat.</p>
+
+<p>We encamped close to the river. The night was dark, and as we lay down
+we could hear mingled with the howling of the wolves the hoarse
+bellowing of the buffalo, like the ocean beating upon a distant coast.</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section">THE BUFFALO CAMP</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapt"><span class="hide">T</span></span><span class="upper">he</span> morning was a bright and gay one, and the air so clear that on the
+farthest horizon the outline of the pale blue prairie was sharply drawn
+against the sky. Shaw felt in the mood for hunting; he rode in advance
+of the party, and before long we saw a file of bulls galloping at full
+speed upon a vast green swell of the prairie at some distance in front.
+Shaw came scouring along behind them, arrayed in his red shirt, which
+looked very well in the distance; he gained fast on the fugitives, and
+as the foremost bull was disappearing behind the summit of the swell, we
+saw him in the act of assailing the hindmost; a smoke sprang from the
+muzzle of his gun, and floated away like a little white cloud; the bull
+turned upon him, and just then the rising ground concealed them both
+from view.</p>
+
+<p>We were moving forward until about noon, when we stopped by the side of
+the Arkansas. At that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> moment Shaw appeared riding slowly down the side
+of a distant hill; his horse was tired and jaded; and when he threw his
+saddle upon the ground, I observed that the tails of two bulls were
+dangling behind it. No sooner were the horses turned loose to feed than
+Henry, asking Munroe to go with him, took his rifle and walked quietly
+away. Shaw, <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span> and I sat down by the side of the cart to discuss
+the dinner which Delorier placed before us; we had scarcely finished
+when we saw Munroe walking toward us along the river bank. Henry, he
+said, had killed four fat cows, and had sent him back for horses to
+bring in the meat. Shaw took a horse for himself and another for Henry,
+and he and Munroe left the camp together.</p>
+
+<p>After a short absence all three of them came back, their horses loaded
+with the choicest parts of the meat; we kept two of the cows for
+ourselves and gave the others to Munroe and his companions. Delorier
+seated himself on the grass before the pile of meat, and worked
+industriously for some time to cut it into thin broad sheets for drying.
+This is no easy matter, but Delorier had all the skill of an Indian
+squaw. Long before night cords of rawhide were stretched around the
+camp, and the meat was hung upon them to dry in the sunshine and pure
+air of the prairie. Our California companions were less successful at
+the work; but they accomplished it after their own fashion, and their
+side of the camp was soon garnished in the same manner as our own.</p>
+
+<p>We meant to remain at this place long enough to prepare provisions for
+our journey to the frontier, which as we supposed might occupy about a
+month. Had the distance been twice as great and the party<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span> ten times as
+large, the unerring rifle of Henry <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span> would have supplied meat
+enough for the whole within two days; we were obliged to remain,
+however, until it should be dry enough for transportation; so we erected
+our tent and made the other arrangements for a permanent camp.</p>
+
+<p>In the meantime we had nothing to do but amuse ourselves. Our tent was
+within a rod of the river, if the broad sand-beds, with a scanty stream
+of water coursing here and there along their surface, deserve to be
+dignified with the name of river. The vast plains on either side were
+almost level with the sand-beds, and they were bounded in the distance
+by low, monotonous hills, parallel to the course of the Arkansas. All
+was one expanse of grass; there was no wood in view, except some trees
+and stunted bushes upon two islands which rose from amid the wet sands
+of the river. Yet far from being dull and tame, this boundless scene was
+often a wild and animated one; for twice a day, at sunrise and at noon,
+the buffalo came issuing from the hills, slowly advancing in their grave
+processions to drink at the river. All our amusements were at their
+expense. Except an elephant, I have seen no animal that can surpass a
+buffalo bull in size and strength, and the world may be searched in vain
+to find anything of a more ugly and ferocious aspect. At first sight of
+him every feeling of sympathy vanishes; no man who has not experienced
+it can understand with what keen relish one inflicts his death wound,
+with what profound contentment of mind he beholds him fall.</p>
+
+<p>The cows are much smaller and of a gentler appearance, as becomes their
+sex. While in this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span> camp we forebore to attack them, leaving to Henry
+<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span>, who could better judge their fatness and good quality, the
+task of killing such as we wanted for use; but against the bulls we
+waged an unrelenting war. Thousands of them might be slaughtered without
+causing any detriment to the species, for their numbers greatly exceed
+those of the cows; it is the hides of the latter alone which are used
+for the purpose of commerce and for making the lodges of the Indians;
+and the destruction among them is therefore altogether disproportioned.</p>
+
+<p>Our horses were tired, and we now usually hunted on foot. The wide, flat
+sand-beds of the Arkansas, as the reader will remember, lay close by the
+side of our camp. While we were lying on the grass after dinner,
+smoking, conversing, or laughing at <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span>, one of us would look up
+and observe, far out on the plains beyond the river, certain black
+objects slowly approaching. He would inhale a parting whiff from the
+pipe, then rising lazily, take his rifle, which leaned against the cart,
+throw over his shoulder the strap of his pouch and powder-horn, and with
+his moccasins in his hand walk quietly across the sand toward the
+opposite side of the river.</p>
+
+<p>This was very easy; for though the sands were about a quarter of a mile
+wide, the water was nowhere more than two feet deep. The farther bank
+was about four or five feet high, and quite perpendicular, being cut
+away by the water in spring. Tall grass grew along its edge. Putting it
+aside with his hand, and cautiously looking through it, the hunter can
+discern the huge shaggy back of the buffalo slowly swaying to and fro,
+as with his clumsy swinging gait he advances toward the water. The
+buffalo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> have regular paths by which they come down to drink. Seeing at
+a glance along which of these his intended victim is moving, the hunter
+crouches under the bank within fifteen or twenty yards, it may be, of
+the point where the path enters the river. Here he sits down quietly on
+the sand. Listening intently, he hears the heavy, monotonous tread of
+the approaching bull. The moment after he sees a motion among the long
+weeds and grass just at the spot where the path is channeled through the
+bank. An enormous black head is thrust out, the horns just visible amid
+the mass of tangled mane. Half sliding, half plunging, down comes the
+buffalo upon the river-bed below. He steps out in full sight upon the
+sands. Just before him a runnel of water is gliding, and he bends his
+head to drink. You may hear the water as it gurgles down his capacious
+throat. He raises his head, and the drops trickle from his wet beard. He
+stands with an air of stupid abstraction, unconscious of the lurking
+danger. Noiselessly the hunter cocks his rifle. As he sits upon the
+sand, his knee is raised, and his elbow rests upon it, that he may level
+his heavy weapon with a steadier aim. The stock is at his shoulder; his
+eye ranges along the barrel. Still he is in no haste to fire. The bull,
+with slow deliberation, begins his march over the sands to the other
+side. He advances his fore-leg, and exposes to view a small spot denuded
+of hair, just behind the point of his shoulder; upon this the hunter
+brings the sight of his rifle to bear; lightly and delicately his finger
+presses upon the hair-trigger. Quick as thought the spiteful crack of
+the rifle responds to his slight touch, and instantly in the middle of
+the bare spot appears a small red dot. The buffalo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> shivers; death has
+overtaken him, he cannot tell from whence; still he does not fall, but
+walks heavily forward, as if nothing had happened. Yet before he has
+advanced far out upon the sand, you see him stop; he totters; his knees
+bend under him, and his head sinks forward to the ground. Then his whole
+vast bulk sways to one side; he rolls over on the sand, and dies with a
+scarcely perceptible struggle.</p>
+
+<p>Waylaying the buffalo in this manner, and shooting them as they come to
+water, is the easiest and laziest method of hunting them. They may also
+be approached by crawling up ravines or behind hills, or even over the
+open prairie. This is often surprisingly easy; but at other times it
+requires the utmost skill of the most experienced hunter. Henry
+<span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span> was a man of extraordinary strength and hardihood; but I have
+seen him return to camp quite exhausted with his efforts, his limbs
+scratched and wounded, and his buckskin dress stuck full of thorns of
+the prickly pear among which he had been crawling. Sometimes he would
+lie flat upon his face, and drag himself along in this position for many
+rods together.</p>
+
+<p>On the second day of our stay at this place, Henry went out for an
+afternoon hunt. Shaw and I remained in camp until, observing some bulls
+approaching the water from the other side of the river, we crossed over
+to attack them. They were so near, however, that before we could get
+under cover of the bank our appearance as we walked over the sands
+alarmed them. Turning round before coming within gunshot, they began to
+move off to the right in a direction parallel to the river. I climbed up
+the bank and ran after them. They were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span> walking swiftly, and before I
+could come within gunshot distance they slowly wheeled about and faced
+toward me. Before they had turned far enough to see me I had fallen flat
+on my face. For a moment they stood and stared at the strange object
+upon the grass; then turning away, again they walked on as before; and
+I, rising immediately ran once more in pursuit. Again they wheeled
+about, and again I fell prostrate. Repeating this three or four times, I
+came at length within a hundred yards of the fugitives, and as I saw
+them turning again I sat down and leveled my rifle. The one in the
+center was the largest I had ever seen. I shot him behind the shoulder.
+His two companions ran off. He attempted to follow, but soon came to a
+stand, and at length lay down as quietly as an ox chewing the cud.
+Cautiously approaching him, I saw by his dull and jellylike eye that he
+was dead.</p>
+
+<p>When I began the chase, the prairie was almost tenantless; but a great
+multitude of buffalo had suddenly thronged upon it, and looking up, I
+saw within fifty rods a heavy, dark column stretching to the right and
+left as far as I could see. I walked toward them. My approach did not
+alarm them in the least. The column itself consisted entirely of cows
+and calves, but a great many old bulls were ranging about the prairie on
+its flank, and as I drew near they faced toward me with such a shaggy
+and ferocious look that I thought it best to proceed no farther. Indeed,
+I was already within close rifle-shot of the column, and I sat down on
+the ground to watch their movements. Sometimes the whole would stand
+still, their heads all facing one way; then they would trot forward, as
+if by common<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span> impulse, their hoofs and horns clattering together as they
+moved.</p>
+
+<p>I soon began to hear at a distance on the left the sharp reports of a
+rifle, again and again repeated; and not long after, dull and heavy
+sounds succeeded, which I recognized as the familiar voice of Shaw&#8217;s
+double-barreled gun. When Henry&#8217;s rifle was at work there was always
+meat to be brought in. I went back across the river for a horse, and
+returning, reached the spot where the hunters were standing. The buffalo
+were visible on the distant prairie. The living had retreated from the
+ground, but ten or twelve carcasses were scattered in various
+directions. Henry, knife in hand, was stooping over a dead cow, cutting
+away the best and fattest of the meat.</p>
+
+<p>When Shaw left me he had walked down for some distance under the river
+bank to find another bull. At length he saw the plains covered with the
+host of buffalo, and soon after heard the crack of Henry&#8217;s rifle.
+Ascending the bank, he crawled through the grass, which for a rod or two
+from the river was very high and rank. He had not crawled far before to
+his astonishment he saw Henry standing erect upon the prairie, almost
+surrounded by the buffalo.</p>
+
+<p>Henry was in his appropriate element. Nelson, on the deck of the
+<cite>Victory</cite>, hardly felt a prouder sense of mastery than he. Quite
+unconscious that any one was looking at him, he stood at the full height
+of his tall, strong figure, one hand resting upon his side, and the
+other arm leaning carelessly on the muzzle of his rifle. His eyes were
+ranging over the singular assemblage around him. Now and then he would
+select such a cow as suited him, level his rifle, and shoot her dead;
+then quietly reloading,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> he would resume his former <a name="corr5" id="corr5"></a>position. The
+buffalo seemed no more to regard his presence than if he were one of
+themselves; the bulls were bellowing and butting at each other, or else
+rolling about in the dust. A group of buffalo would gather about the
+carcass of a dead cow, snuffing at her wounds; and sometimes they would
+come behind those that had not yet fallen, and endeavor to push them
+from the spot. Now and then some old bull would face toward Henry with
+an air of stupid amazement, but none seemed inclined to attack or fly
+from him.</p>
+
+<p>For some time Shaw lay among the grass, looking in surprise at this
+extraordinary sight; at length he crawled cautiously forward, and spoke
+in a low voice to Henry, who told him to rise and come on. Still the
+buffalo showed no sign of fear; they remained gathered about their dead
+companions. Henry had already killed as many cows as we wanted for use,
+and Shaw, kneeling behind one of the carcasses, shot five bulls before
+the rest thought it necessary to disperse.</p>
+
+<p>The frequent stupidity and infatuation of the buffalo seems the more
+remarkable from the contrast it offers to their wildness and wariness at
+other times. Henry knew all their peculiarities; he had studied them as
+a scholar studies his books, and he derived quite as much pleasure from
+the occupation. The buffalo were a kind of companions to him, and as he
+said, he never felt alone when they were about him. He took great pride
+in his skill in hunting. Henry was one of the most modest of men; yet in
+the simplicity and frankness of his character, it was quite clear that
+he looked upon his pre-eminence in this respect as a thing too palpable
+and well established<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span> ever to be disputed. But whatever may have been
+his estimate of his own skill, it was rather below than above that which
+others placed upon it. The only time that I ever saw a shade of scorn
+darken his face was when two volunteer soldiers, who had just killed a
+buffalo for the first time, undertook to instruct him as to the best
+method of &#8220;approaching.&#8221; Henry always seemed to think that he had a sort
+of prescriptive right to the buffalo, and to look upon them as something
+belonging peculiarly to himself. Nothing excited his indignation so much
+as any wanton destruction among the cows, and in his view shooting a
+calf was a cardinal sin.</p>
+
+<p>Henry <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Chatillon</span> and <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span> were of the same age; that is, about
+thirty. Henry was twice as large, and fully six times as strong as <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te
+Rouge.</span> Henry&#8217;s face was roughened by winds and storms; <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge&#8217;s</span> was
+bloated by sherry cobblers and brandy toddy. Henry talked of Indians and
+buffalo; <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span> of theaters and oyster cellars. Henry had led a life
+of hardship and privation; <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span> never had a whim which he would
+not gratify at the first moment he was able. Henry moreover was the most
+disinterested man I ever saw; while <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> though equally
+good-natured in his way, cared for nobody but himself. Yet we would not
+have lost him on any account; he admirably served the purpose of a
+jester in a feudal castle; our camp would have been lifeless without
+him. For the past week he had fattened in a most amazing manner; and
+indeed this was not at all surprising, since his appetite was most
+inordinate. He was eating from morning till night; half the time he
+would be at work cooking some private repast<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> for himself, and he paid a
+visit to the coffee-pot eight or ten times a day. His rueful and
+disconsolate face became jovial and rubicund, his eyes stood out like a
+lobster&#8217;s, and his spirits, which before were sunk to the depths of
+despondency, were now elated in proportion; all day he was singing,
+whistling, laughing, and telling stories. As he had a considerable fund
+of humor, his anecdotes were extremely amusing, especially since he
+never hesitated to place himself in a ludicrous point of view, provided
+he could raise a laugh by doing so.</p>
+
+<p><span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> however, was sometimes rather troublesome; he had an
+inveterate habit of pilfering provisions at all times of the day. He set
+ridicule at utter defiance; and being without a particle of
+self-respect, he would never have given over his tricks, even if they
+had drawn upon him the scorn of the whole party. Now and then, indeed,
+something worse than laughter fell to his share; on these occasions he
+would exhibit much contrition, but half an hour after we would generally
+observe him stealing round to the box at the back of the cart and slyly
+making off with the provisions which Delorier had laid by for supper. He
+was very fond of smoking; but having no tobacco of his own, we used to
+provide him with as much as he wanted, a small piece at a time. At first
+we gave him half a pound together, but this experiment proved an entire
+failure, for he invariably lost not only the tobacco, but the knife
+intrusted to him for cutting it, and a few minutes after he would come
+to us with many apologies and beg for more.</p>
+
+<p>We had been two days at this camp, and some of the meat was nearly fit
+for transportation, when a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> storm came suddenly upon us. About sunset
+the whole sky grew as black as ink, and the long grass at the river&#8217;s
+edge bent and rose mournfully with the first gusts of the approaching
+hurricane. Delorier ensconced himself under the cover of the cart. Shaw
+and I, together with Henry and <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> crowded into the little tent;
+but first of all the dried meat was piled together, and well protected
+by buffalo robes pinned firmly to the ground.</p>
+
+<p>About nine o&#8217;clock the storm broke, amid absolute darkness; it blew a
+gale, and torrents of rain roared over the boundless expanse of open
+prairie. Our tent was filled with mist and spray beating through the
+canvas, and saturating everything within. We could only distinguish each
+other at short intervals by the dazzling flash of lightning, which
+displayed the whole waste around us with its momentary glare. We had our
+fears for the tent; but for an hour or two it stood fast, until at
+length the cap gave way before a furious blast; the pole tore through
+the top, and in an instant we were half suffocated by the cold and
+dripping folds of the canvas, which fell down upon us. Seizing upon our
+guns, we placed them erect, in order to lift the saturated cloth above
+our heads. In this agreeable situation, involved among wet blankets and
+buffalo robes, we spent several hours of the night during which the
+storm would not abate for a moment, but pelted down above our heads with
+merciless fury.</p>
+
+<p>Before long the ground beneath us became soaked with moisture, and the
+water gathered there in a pool two or three inches deep; so that for a
+considerable part of the night we were partially immersed in a cold
+bath. In spite of all this, <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge&#8217;s</span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span> flow of spirits did not desert
+him for an instant; he laughed, whistled, and sung in defiance of the
+storm, and that night he paid off the long arrears of ridicule which he
+owed us. While we lay in silence, enduring the infliction with what
+philosophy we could muster, <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> who was intoxicated with animal
+spirits, was cracking jokes at our expense by the hour together.</p>
+
+<p>At about three o&#8217;clock in the morning, &#8220;preferring the tyranny of the
+open night&#8221; to such a wretched shelter, we crawled out from beneath the
+fallen canvas. The wind had abated, but the rain fell steadily. The fire
+of the California men still blazed amid the darkness, and we joined them
+as they sat around it. We made ready some hot coffee by way of
+refreshment; but when some of the party sought to replenish their cups,
+it was found that <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> having disposed of his own share, had
+privately abstracted the coffee-pot and drunk up the rest of the
+contents out of the spout.</p>
+
+<p>In the morning, to our great joy, an unclouded sun rose upon the
+prairie. We presented rather a laughable appearance, for the cold and
+clammy buckskin, saturated with water, clung fast to our limbs; the
+light wind and warm sunshine soon dried them again, and then we were all
+incased in armor of intolerable rigidity. Roaming all day over the
+prairie and shooting two or three bulls, were scarcely enough to restore
+the stiffened leather to its usual pliancy.</p>
+
+<p>A great flock of buzzards were usually soaring about a few trees that
+stood on the island just below our camp. Throughout the whole of
+yesterday we had noticed an eagle among them; to-day<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> he was still
+there; and <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> declaring that he would kill the bird of America,
+borrowed Delorier&#8217;s gun and set out on his unpatriotic mission. As might
+have been expected, the eagle suffered no great harm at his hands. He
+soon returned, saying that he could not find him, but had shot a buzzard
+instead. Being required to produce the bird in proof of his assertion,
+he said he believed that he was not quite dead, but he must be hurt,
+from the swiftness with which he flew off.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;If you want,&#8221; said <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge,</span> &#8220;I&#8217;ll go and get one of his feathers; I
+knocked off plenty of them when I shot him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Just opposite our camp was another island covered with bushes, and
+behind it was a deep pool of water, while two or three considerable
+streams coursed over the sand not far off. I was bathing at this place
+in the afternoon when a white wolf, larger than the largest Newfoundland
+dog, ran out from behind the point of the island, and galloped leisurely
+over the sand not half a stone&#8217;s throw distant. I could plainly see his
+red eyes and the bristles about his snout; he was an ugly scoundrel,
+with a bushy tail, large head, and a most repulsive countenance. Having
+neither rifle to shoot nor stone to pelt him with, I was looking eagerly
+after some missile for his benefit, when the report of a gun came from
+the camp, and the ball threw up the sand just beyond him; at this he
+gave a slight jump, and stretched away so swiftly that he soon dwindled
+into a mere speck on the distant sand-beds.</p>
+
+<p>The number of carcasses that by this time were lying about the prairie
+all around us summoned the wolves from every quarter; the spot where
+Shaw and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> Henry had hunted together soon became their favorite resort,
+for here about a dozen dead buffalo were fermenting under the hot sun. I
+used often to go over the river and watch them at their meal; by lying
+under the bank it was easy to get a full view of them. Three different
+kinds were present; there were the white wolves and the gray wolves,
+both extremely large, and besides these the small prairie wolves, not
+much bigger than spaniels. They would howl and fight in a crowd around a
+single carcass, yet they were so watchful, and their senses so acute,
+that I was never able to crawl within a fair shooting distance; whenever
+I attempted it, they would all scatter at once and glide silently away
+through the tall grass.</p>
+
+<p>The air above this spot was always full of buzzards or black vultures;
+whenever the wolves left a carcass they would descend upon it, and cover
+it so densely that a rifle-shot at random among the gormandizing crowd
+would generally strike down two or three of them. These birds would now
+be sailing by scores just above our camp, their broad black wings
+seeming half transparent as they expanded them against the bright sky.
+The wolves and the buzzards thickened about us with every hour, and two
+or three eagles also came into the feast. I killed a bull within
+rifle-shot of the camp; that night the wolves made a fearful howling
+close at hand, and in the morning the carcass was completely hollowed
+out by these voracious feeders.</p>
+
+<p>After we had remained four days at this camp we prepared to leave it. We
+had for our own part about five hundred pounds of dried meat, and the
+California men had prepared some three hundred<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> more; this consisted of
+the fattest and choicest parts of eight or nine cows, a very small
+quantity only being taken from each, and the rest abandoned to the
+wolves. The pack animals were laden, the horses were saddled, and the
+mules harnessed to the cart. Even <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span> was ready at last, and
+slowly moving from the ground, we resumed our journey eastward.</p>
+
+<p>When we had advanced about a mile, Shaw missed a valuable hunting knife
+and turned back in search of it, thinking he had left it at the camp. He
+approached the place cautiously, fearful that Indians might be lurking
+about, for a deserted camp is dangerous to return to. He saw no enemy,
+but the scene was a wild and dreary one; the prairie was overshadowed by
+dull, leaden clouds, for the day was dark and gloomy. The ashes of the
+fires were still smoking by the river-side; the grass around them was
+trampled down by men and horses, and strewn with all the litter of a
+camp. Our departure had been a gathering signal to the birds and beasts
+of prey; Shaw assured me that literally dozens of wolves were prowling
+about the smoldering fires, while multitudes were roaming over the
+prairie around; they all fled as he approached, some running over the
+sand-beds and some over the grassy plains. As he searched about the
+fires he saw the wolves seated on the distant hills waiting for his
+departure. Having looked in vain for his knife, he mounted again and
+left the wolves and the vultures to banquet freely upon the carrion of
+the camp.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_126-1" id="Footnote_126-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_126-1" class="label">126-1</a> &#8220;Yes, sir, yes.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_126-2" id="Footnote_126-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_126-2" class="label">126-2</a> &#8220;Yes, well loaded.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_126-3" id="Footnote_126-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_126-3" class="label">126-3</a> &#8220;My master&#8221; or &#8220;gentleman.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_126-4" id="Footnote_126-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_126-4" class="label">126-4</a> &#8220;It is a good gun.&#8221;</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_CHARGE_OF_THE_LIGHT_BRIGADE" id="THE_CHARGE_OF_THE_LIGHT_BRIGADE"></a>THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Alfred Tennyson</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;The Battle of Balaklava, in which the charge commemorated by
+Tennyson in this poem occurred, was one of the important
+engagements of the Crimean War, between Russia on the one hand and
+Turkey, France and England on the other. The battle was fought on
+October 25th, 1854. Through some error in issuing orders, a brigade
+of six hundred light cavalry, under Lord Cardigan, was ordered to
+advance against the Russian center. The numbers of the enemy were
+overwhelming, and but a remnant of the brigade returned alive.</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">H</span><span class="upper">alf</span> a league, half a league,<br />
+Half a league onward,<br />
+All in the valley of Death<br />
+<span class="i1">Rode the six hundred.</span><br />
+&#8220;Forward, the Light Brigade!<br />
+Charge for the guns!&#8221; he said;<br />
+Into the valley of death<br />
+<span class="i1">Rode the six hundred.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Forward, the Light Brigade!&#8221;<br />
+Was there a man dismay&#8217;d?<br />
+Not tho&#8217; the soldier knew<br />
+<span class="i1">Some one had blunder&#8217;d:</span><br />
+Theirs not to make reply,<br />
+Theirs not to reason why,<br />
+Theirs but to do and die:<br />
+Into the valley of Death<br />
+<span class="i1">Rode the six hundred.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span>Cannon to right of them,<br />
+Cannon to left of them,<br />
+Cannon in front of them<br />
+<span class="i1">Volley&#8217;d and thunder&#8217;d;</span><br />
+Storm&#8217;d at with shot and shell,<br />
+Boldly they rode and well,<br />
+Into the jaws of Death,<br />
+Into the mouth of Hell<br />
+<span class="i1">Rode the six hundred.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Flash&#8217;d all their sabres bare,<br />
+Flash&#8217;d as they turn&#8217;d in air<br />
+Sabring the gunners there,<br />
+Charging an army, while<br />
+<span class="i1">All the world wonder&#8217;d;</span><br />
+Plunged in the battery-smoke<br />
+Right thro&#8217; the line they broke;<br />
+Cossack and Russian<br />
+Reel&#8217;d from the sabre-stroke<br />
+<span class="i1">Shatter&#8217;d and sunder&#8217;d.</span><br />
+Then they rode back, but not,<br />
+<span class="i1">Not the six hundred.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Cannon to right of them,<br />
+Cannon to left of them,<br />
+Cannon behind them<br />
+<span class="i1">Volley&#8217;d and thunder&#8217;d;</span><br />
+Storm&#8217;d at with shot and shell,<br />
+While horse and hero fell,<br />
+They that had fought so well<br />
+Came thro&#8217; the jaws of Death,<br />
+Back from the mouth of Hell,<br />
+All that was left of them,<br />
+<span class="i1">Left of six hundred.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span>When can their glory fade?<br />
+O the wild charge they made!<br />
+<span class="i1">All the world wonder&#8217;d.</span><br />
+Honor the charge they made!<br />
+Honor the Light Brigade,<br />
+<span class="i1">Noble six hundred.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="FOR_A_THAT_AND_A_THAT" id="FOR_A_THAT_AND_A_THAT"></a>FOR A&#8217; THAT AND A&#8217; THAT</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Robert Burns</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco"><span class="dropcap">I</span><span class="upper">s</span> there, for honest poverty,<br />
+<span class="i1">Wha<a name="Anchor_149-1" id="Anchor_149-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 149-1" href="#Footnote_149-1" class="fnanchor">149-1</a> hangs his head, and a&#8217; that?</span><br />
+The coward slave, we pass him by,<br />
+<span class="i1">We dare be poor for a&#8217; that!</span><br />
+<span class="i2">For a&#8217; that, and a&#8217; that,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Our toils obscure, and a&#8217; that;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The rank is but the guinea&#8217;s stamp,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">The man&#8217;s the gowd<a name="Anchor_149-2" id="Anchor_149-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 149-2" href="#Footnote_149-2" class="fnanchor">149-2</a> for a&#8217; that!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">What though on hamely<a name="Anchor_149-3" id="Anchor_149-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 149-3" href="#Footnote_149-3" class="fnanchor">149-3</a> fare we dine,<br />
+<span class="i1">Wear hodden-gray,<a name="Anchor_149-4" id="Anchor_149-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 149-4" href="#Footnote_149-4" class="fnanchor">149-4</a> and a&#8217; that;</span><br />
+Gie<a name="Anchor_149-5" id="Anchor_149-5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 149-5" href="#Footnote_149-5" class="fnanchor">149-5</a> fools their silks, and knaves their wine,<br />
+<span class="i1">A man&#8217;s a man for a&#8217; that!</span><br />
+<span class="i2">For a&#8217; that, and a&#8217; that,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Their tinsel show and a&#8217; that;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The honest man though e&#8217;er sae poor,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Is king o&#8217; men for a&#8217; that!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span>Ye see yon birkie,<a name="Anchor_150-6" id="Anchor_150-6"></a><a title="Go to footnote 150-6" href="#Footnote_150-6" class="fnanchor">150-6</a> ca&#8217;d<a name="Anchor_150-7" id="Anchor_150-7"></a><a title="Go to footnote 150-7" href="#Footnote_150-7" class="fnanchor">150-7</a> a lord,<br />
+<span class="i1">Wha struts, and stares, and a&#8217; that;</span><br />
+Though hundreds worship at his word<br />
+<span class="i1">He&#8217;s but a coof<a name="Anchor_150-8" id="Anchor_150-8"></a><a title="Go to footnote 150-8" href="#Footnote_150-8" class="fnanchor">150-8</a> for a&#8217; that.</span><br />
+<span class="i2">For a&#8217; that, and a&#8217; that,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">His ribbon, star, and a&#8217; that;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The man of independent mind,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">He looks and laughs at a&#8217; that.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">A prince can mak&#8217; a belted knight,<br />
+<span class="i1">A marquis, duke, and a&#8217; that;</span><br />
+But an honest man&#8217;s aboon<a name="Anchor_150-9" id="Anchor_150-9"></a><a title="Go to footnote 150-9" href="#Footnote_150-9" class="fnanchor">150-9</a> his might,<br />
+<span class="i1">Guid faith, he mauna<a name="Anchor_150-10" id="Anchor_150-10"></a><a title="Go to footnote 150-10" href="#Footnote_150-10" class="fnanchor">150-10</a> fa&#8217;<a name="Anchor_150-11" id="Anchor_150-11"></a><a title="Go to footnote 150-11" href="#Footnote_150-11" class="fnanchor">150-11</a> that!</span><br />
+<span class="i2">For a&#8217; that, and a&#8217; that,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Their dignities, and a&#8217; that;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The pith o&#8217; sense, and pride o&#8217; worth,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Are higher rank than a&#8217; that.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem" lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Then let us pray that come it may&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">As come it will for a&#8217; that&mdash;</span><br />
+That sense and worth, o&#8217;er a&#8217; the earth,<br />
+<span class="i1">May bear the gree,<a name="Anchor_150-12" id="Anchor_150-12"></a><a title="Go to footnote 150-12" href="#Footnote_150-12" class="fnanchor">150-12</a> and a&#8217; that.</span><br />
+<span class="i2">For a&#8217; that, and a&#8217; that,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">It&#8217;s coming yet, for a&#8217; that,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">When man to man, the warld o&#8217;er,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Shall brithers be for a&#8217; that!</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_149-1" id="Footnote_149-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_149-1" class="label">149-1</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Wha</em> is the Scotch form of <em>who</em>. It modifies <em>a man</em>,
+understood, after <em>is there</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_149-2" id="Footnote_149-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_149-2" class="label">149-2</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Gowd</em> means <em>gold</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_149-3" id="Footnote_149-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_149-3" class="label">149-3</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Hamely</em> means <em>homely</em>, in the sense of <em>simple</em>, or
+<em>common</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_149-4" id="Footnote_149-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_149-4" class="label">149-4</a> Hodden-gray is coarse woolen cloth.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_149-5" id="Footnote_149-5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_149-5" class="label">149-5</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Gie</em> is the Scotch contraction for <em>give</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_150-6" id="Footnote_150-6"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_150-6" class="label">150-6</a> A <span lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">birkie</span> is a conceited, forward fellow.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_150-7" id="Footnote_150-7"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_150-7" class="label">150-7</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Ca&#8217;d</em> is a contracted form of <em>called</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_150-8" id="Footnote_150-8"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_150-8" class="label">150-8</a> A <span lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">coof</span> is a stupid person, a blockhead.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_150-9" id="Footnote_150-9"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_150-9" class="label">150-9</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Aboon</em> means above.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_150-10" id="Footnote_150-10"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_150-10" class="label">150-10</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Mauna</em> is <em>must not</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_150-11" id="Footnote_150-11"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_150-11" class="label">150-11</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Fa</em>&#8217; means <em>try</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_150-12" id="Footnote_150-12"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_150-12" class="label">150-12</a> <em lang="sco" xml:lang="sco">Bear the gree</em> means <em>carry off the victory</em>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="BREATHES_THERE_THE_MAN" id="BREATHES_THERE_THE_MAN"></a>BREATHES THERE THE MAN</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Sir Walter Scott</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">B</span><span class="upper">reathes</span> there the man with soul so dead<br />
+Who never to himself hath said,<br />
+This is my own, my native land!<br />
+Whose heart hath ne&#8217;er within him burned,<br />
+As home his footsteps he hath turned<br />
+<span class="i1">From wandering on a foreign strand?</span><br />
+If such there breathe, go, mark him well;<br />
+For him no minstrel raptures swell;<br />
+High though his titles, proud his name,<br />
+Boundless his wealth as wish can claim,<br />
+Despite those titles, power, and pelf,<br />
+The wretch, concentred all in self,<br />
+Living, shall forfeit fair renown,<br />
+And, doubly dying, shall go down<br />
+To the vile dust from whence he sprung,<br />
+Unwept, unhonored, and unsung.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="HOW_SLEEP_THE_BRAVE" id="HOW_SLEEP_THE_BRAVE"></a>HOW SLEEP THE BRAVE</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">William Collins</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">H</span><span class="upper">ow</span> sleep the brave, who sink to rest<br />
+By all their country&#8217;s wishes blessed!<br />
+When Spring, with dewy fingers cold,<br />
+Returns to deck their hallowed mould,<br />
+She there shall dress a sweeter sod<br />
+Than Fancy&#8217;s feet have ever trod.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">By fairy hands their knell is rung;<br />
+By forms unseen their dirge is sung;<br />
+There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray,<br />
+To bless the turf that wraps their clay;<br />
+And Freedom shall awhile repair,<br />
+To dwell a weeping hermit there!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="QUEEN_VICTORIA" id="QUEEN_VICTORIA"></a>QUEEN VICTORIA</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Anna McCaleb</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapg"><span class="hide">G</span></span><span class="upper">eorge</span> III, King of England, was by no means fortunate in his sons, for
+there was in the most of them little of which a father could be proud.
+Edward, Duke of Kent, the fourth son, was by far the best; he was
+honorable, generous and charitable, so much so in fact that he lived far
+beyond the small income which his royal father was willing to allow him.
+This son married, and to him was born on the twenty-fourth of May, 1819,
+in the Palace of Kensington at London, a daughter.</p>
+
+<p>One month after her birth the child was baptized with great ceremony, a
+gold font being brought from the Tower for the purpose, and the
+Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London officiating. The
+Prince of Wales, at that time acting as Prince Regent in the place of
+his father, who was insane, was the chief sponsor for the child, and he
+gave her the name of Alexandrina in honor of Alexander, Emperor of
+Russia. The Duke of Kent wished her to bear her mother&#8217;s name also, and
+George IV added the name Victoria. &#8220;Little Drina,&#8221; the child was usually
+called when she was small, but when she grew older she decided that her
+mother&#8217;s name should stand second to no other, and desired that she be
+called simply Victoria. There were uncles and cousins and her own father
+between the little princess<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span> and the throne, and it did not look as if
+her chances of becoming queen were very great, so that people used to
+laugh indulgently when the Duke of Kent would produce his baby and say
+proudly, &#8220;Look at her well; she will yet be Queen of England.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Victoria&#8217;s father died when she was but eight months old, but the child
+knew no lack, for her mother superintended her training and her teaching
+in a very wise manner, for she thought that it was possible, if not
+probable, that her child would one day have the chief place in the
+kingdom, and she wanted to fit her for it. Very simply was the little
+princess brought up; her clothing as well as her food was of the
+plainest, and habits of economy and regularity were impressed upon her
+and stayed with her all her life. Her governess, Baroness Lehzen, was
+German, as were all of her teachers until the time she was twelve years
+old, and it is said that she spoke English with a German accent.</p>
+
+<p>Of course Victoria&#8217;s life was different from the lives of other
+children, and this she must early have perceived. There are, however,
+little stories of her childhood which show that she was really not so
+different from ordinary children as some of her serious biographers
+would have one think. She was very fond of dolls, and had, it is said,
+one hundred and thirty-two of them who lived in a house of their own.
+Even with these, however, she was not allowed to play just as other
+children did, for her governess made use of them to teach her little
+charge court etiquette. And indeed, some means of teaching the child
+court etiquette was necessary, as her mother refused to allow her to
+appear at the royal court and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> receive her lessons there at first hand.
+The court of George IV was most disreputable, and the Duchess of Kent
+wisely judged that it was no place for her little daughter. When William
+IV came to the throne in 1830, Victoria&#8217;s mother still refused to allow
+the child to be much at court, for though the new king was in some ways
+better than his predecessor had been, he was far from being a moral man.</p>
+
+<p>When Victoria was twelve years old her mother felt that it was time she
+should know of the high destiny to which she might be called, for there
+now stood no one between her and the throne, William IV&#8217;s children
+having died in infancy. Accordingly, the governess placed in a book
+which the princess was reading, a genealogical table, so that the
+princess might come upon it as if by accident. Victoria examined it
+gravely and then exclaimed, &#8220;Why I never saw this before!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It was not necessary that you should see it,&#8221; replied the governess.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I am nearer the throne than I supposed,&#8221; said the child, and then, with
+a seriousness beyond her years, she added, &#8220;It is a great
+responsibility, but I will be good.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Kept as she was from the court world, Victoria was the subject of
+intense interest and curiosity to the English people. England had always
+been fortunate in her queens if not always in her kings, and it was felt
+that if Victoria should come to the throne, England would be the better
+morally. Certain it is that the young girl was adored by the British
+people generally; her simplicity, her prettiness, her fresh girlishness
+appealed to them, and the thought of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span> what she would probably be called
+upon to do lent more than a touch of romance to all that concerned her.
+Nathaniel P. Willis, the American writer, who had seen Victoria during a
+visit to England, wrote: &#8220;The princess is much better looking than any
+picture of her in the shops, and for the heir to such a crown as that of
+England, quite unnecessarily pretty and interesting.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Her &#8220;Uncle King,&#8221; as she called William IV, was very wrathful because
+his young niece was not allowed to appear at all court affairs, and at
+one time when the Duchess of Kent and Victoria were present, with about
+a hundred other guests, at his birthday celebration, he made a most
+remarkable speech.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I only hope,&#8221; he said, &#8220;that I may live for nine months longer, until
+the Princess Victoria is of age, so that I may leave the power in her
+hands and not be forced to entrust it to a regent in the person of a
+lady who sits near me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>At this insult to her mother, Victoria burst into tears, but the Duchess
+herself made no reply.</p>
+
+<p>In 1837 Victoria became of age, and her birthday was celebrated with
+rejoicing throughout the country. Schools were closed, feasts were held,
+and the city of London was brightly illuminated. But at the great ball
+which was given that night, the king could not be present; for he was
+that very day taken ill, and in less than a month he died.</p>
+
+<p>Early in the morning of June twentieth, the Archbishop of Canterbury and
+the Lord Chamberlain hastened to Kensington Palace to acquaint Victoria
+with the fact that she was queen of England. They reached there in the
+gray dawn and found no one stirring. After much waiting and knocking,
+they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> were shown into the palace, and finally succeeded in having the
+princess&#8217;s special attendant sent to them. They asked her to inform her
+mistress that they desired to see her immediately on very important
+business; whereupon the attendant told them that she preferred not to
+waken her mistress, who was sleeping soundly. With great dignity then
+the Archbishop said, &#8220;We are come on business of State to <em>The Queen</em>&#8221;;
+and thus, startled out of her sleep, Victoria was told by her attendant
+that she was now the first person in Great Britain.</p>
+
+<p>Hastily taking off her nightcap and throwing a shawl over her nightgown,
+Victoria descended to receive the official announcement of her
+succession to the throne of England, and to receive on her hand the kiss
+of allegiance from these two great lords of the realm.</p>
+
+<p>Her first reported words after she was made queen were to the Archbishop
+of Canterbury&mdash;&#8220;I beg your Grace to pray for me;&#8221; and one of her very
+first acts after the august messengers had left her was to write to the
+widowed queen of William IV, Adelaide, offering her condolences and
+begging that she would remain as long as she chose in the royal palace.
+She addressed the letter to &#8220;Her Majesty the Queen,&#8221; and when some one
+standing by said to her, &#8220;you are now the queen, and your aunt deserves
+the title no longer,&#8221; she replied, &#8220;I know that, but I shall not be the
+first to remind her of that fact.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Later in the same day, the eighteen-year-old queen was called upon to
+meet the council of the high officers of Church and State. Dressed in
+her simple mourning she looked dignified and calm, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span> her behavior
+corresponded well with her looks. Of course all the great statesmen who
+were thus called on to meet her, felt much curiosity as to how she would
+carry off her new honors, and one of the greatest. Sir Robert Peel, said
+afterward that he was &#8220;amazed at her manner and behavior; at her
+apparent deep sense of her situation, her modesty and at the same time
+her firmness. She appeared to be awed but not daunted.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>On the following day she was publicly proclaimed at Saint James&#8217;s
+Palace, and all of those who had gathered to watch the ceremony, which
+was performed at a window looking out on the courtyard, were as deeply
+impressed as the peers and princes had been on the preceding day. It
+must have been difficult for the simple, unassuming young girl to
+preserve her calm dignity when she heard the singing of that grand
+national anthem, <cite>God Save the Queen</cite>, and knew that it was for her.</p>
+
+<p>In midsummer the queen moved to Buckingham Palace, and on July
+seventeenth she took part in her first elaborate public ceremony&mdash;that
+is, she drove in state to dissolve Parliament. All were impressed with
+the manner in which she read her speech, and one distinguished observer
+said to another, &#8220;How beautifully she performs!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>A pleasant story is told of the young queen shortly after her accession.
+The Duke of Wellington, whom Victoria greatly admired, brought to her
+for signature a court-martial death sentence. The queen, horrified, and
+feeling that she could not sign her name to such a document, begged the
+Duke to tell her whether there was not some excuse for the offender.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span>&#8220;None,&#8221; said the Iron Duke; &#8220;he has deserted three times.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, think, your Grace,&#8221; Victoria replied, &#8220;whether there be not
+something in his favor.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said the Duke, &#8220;I am certain that he is a very bad soldier, but
+he may, for aught I know, be a very good man. In fact, I remember
+hearing some one speak for him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, thank you!&#8221; exclaimed the queen, as she joyously wrote the word
+&#8220;Pardoned&#8221; across the document.</p>
+
+<p>It soon became evident that the tender-hearted queen would never be able
+to deal with questions of this sort&mdash;that there was danger of all
+offenders being pardoned; and a commission was finally appointed to
+attend to such matters.</p>
+
+<p>On June twenty-eighth, 1838, after she had been queen for over a year,
+Victoria was formally crowned at Westminster Abbey. The crown worn by
+her predecessors was far too large for her, so a new crown was made at a
+cost of over five hundred thousand dollars. The spectacle was a most
+impressive and inspiring one, and the queen went through her part in it,
+as she had gone through her part at all ceremonies in which she had
+participated, in a manner which roused anew the enthusiasm of her
+subjects. When the prime minister finally placed the crown on Victoria&#8217;s
+head, all the peers and peeresses placed their coronets on their heads
+and shouted <em>God Save the Queen</em>. Carlyle said of her at that time,
+&#8220;Poor little Queen! She is at an age at which a girl can hardly be
+trusted to choose a bonnet for herself, yet a task is laid upon her from
+which an archangel might shrink.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span>Another writer, however, said, &#8220;I consider that it would be impossible
+to exaggerate the enthusiasm of the English people on the accession of
+Victoria to the throne.&#8221; And it was this enthusiasm on the part of her
+subjects, joined with her own extraordinary common sense, which enabled
+her to bear up under circumstances which might well have daunted an
+older and a wiser sovereign.</p>
+
+<p>Of course one of the chief questions with regard to the new queen was
+that of her marriage. Usually the marriage of a sovereign was
+practically settled as a question of statecraft, but Victoria showed no
+inclination to allow her domestic life to be regulated by her ministers.
+In 1836 there had visited her at Kensington Palace her cousin Albert of
+Saxe-Coburg, and Victoria had looked upon him very favorably. Her uncle
+Leopold of Belgium, who had always been one of her chief advisers,
+desired her to marry Albert, and urged the matter after her accession to
+the throne, but Victoria&#8217;s answer was, &#8220;I am too young and he is too
+young. I shall not think of marrying for four years yet.&#8221; However, when
+in 1839 Albert and his brother came to England, it was unnecessary for
+uncle or ministers to urge upon Victoria the wisdom of a speedy
+marriage; her own heart was her counselor, and Albert had not been long
+in the palace, before the queen, to whom it was impossible that he
+should propose marriage, proposed marriage to him. She persisted in
+looking upon it as a sacrifice on Albert&#8217;s part, but we may readily
+believe that he looked upon it in no such manner. They were married on
+February 10, 1840, and then began a life of domestic happiness which was
+unbroken until the death of Albert.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span>Immediately after the wedding the young couple drove to Windsor, passing
+through over twenty miles of frantically cheering, loyal subjects. On
+their return, after a brief season of seclusion, to Buckingham Palace,
+Victoria turned her attention at once to her royal duties, and Albert
+showed himself from the outset a man peculiarly fitted to aid and advise
+her. His one desire was to sink his own individuality in that of the
+queen, but this was by no means her desire. She could not bear that her
+husband should be regarded as in any way subordinate to herself&mdash;that he
+should be forced to take a lower seat, or to walk behind her; and it was
+a real grief to her that she was not able to bestow upon him the title
+of &#8220;King Consort&#8221; rather than that of &#8220;Prince Consort.&#8221; In one of her
+first letters after her marriage, Victoria said of her husband, &#8220;There
+cannot exist a purer, dearer, nobler being in the world than the
+prince,&#8221; and this same attitude toward her husband she kept throughout
+her life.</p>
+
+<p>Victoria and Albert had nine children, the first the Princess Victoria,
+being born in November, 1840, and the second, the Prince of Wales,
+afterward Edward VII of England, being born in November, 1841. The
+pictures that we have of the home life of this royal family; of the
+discipline, loving but firm, to which the children were subjected, and
+of the way in which the parents really lived with their children, are
+most charming. A little story tells how the Princess Victoria, when but
+a child, was told that if she persisted in speaking to the family
+physician simply as &#8220;Brown&#8221; without prefixing either &#8220;Mr.&#8221; or &#8220;Dr.,&#8221; she
+should certainly be sent to bed. When the doctor came the next morning,
+the little girl said,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> &#8220;Good-morning, Brown,&#8221; and then hastily added,
+&#8220;and good-night, Brown, for I am going to bed.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Of course the life of this queen of the greatest of all European
+countries, and that of her husband, were not all made up of pleasant
+domestic duties, and journeyings from Buckingham Palace to Osborne, the
+summer home on the Isle of Wight, and to Balmoral in Scotland; infinite
+in number were the demands made by the State on Victoria&#8217;s time and on
+her clear intelligence. Prince Albert, too, was unweariedly busied on
+public matters. No great enterprise was considered fairly launched, no
+public building was thought properly opened without a speech from the
+Prince Consort. Victoria could not well have been made prouder of him
+than she was on her marriage day, but she was happy beyond words to find
+that the English people were coming to recognize his worth. They had
+been suspicious of him at first, and had found fault with almost every
+act of his. And indeed, they did not come to do him full justice until
+after his death.</p>
+
+<p>That men should have been found ready and willing to make attempts on
+the life of this queen, who showed herself no less wise in ruling than
+she was loving and womanly in her domestic life, seems well-nigh
+incredible; but as one writer has said, Victoria was &#8220;the greatest royal
+target in Europe.&#8221; Repeated attempts were made to assassinate her, but
+they were always made by fanatics or insane men, and were in no wise the
+result of any general movement against her. Indeed, at each attempt she
+endeared herself the more to her people by her firmness and
+fearlessness, and by her willingness to show herself bravely in public.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span>The exquisitely happy home life of the queen was brought to a close, and
+new public burdens were laid upon her, by the death of Prince Albert on
+December fourteenth, 1861. Throughout his illness of but two weeks, the
+queen was constantly with him, and not until the end was almost at hand
+did she admit even to herself that there was no hope. She had so
+earnestly desired that they might grow old together and that she might
+never be left after his death, that she could not persuade herself that
+he was really to die. Her account in her diary of his illness and death
+is most beautiful. His tenderness for her never failed, and when,
+shortly before his death, when he knew no one else, she bent over him
+and whispered, &#8220;It is your own little wife,&#8221; he knew her and kissed her.</p>
+
+<p>After her husband&#8217;s death the queen withdrew largely from public
+affairs, and her place was most admirably taken on all social occasions
+by her daughter-in-law, Alexandra of Denmark, whom the Prince of Wales
+married in 1863. When, however, the queen felt that her presence was
+necessary on any public occasion, she was always ready and willing to
+set aside her personal feelings, and let herself be seen by her
+subjects. To the last, too, she maintained her hold on affairs,
+directing business, political and domestic matters, with the same
+excellent judgment that she had shown all her life.</p>
+
+<p>A most notable event in the queen&#8217;s life occurred in 1897. This was the
+celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of her reign, and it was
+commemorated throughout her dominions with an enthusiasm which was
+without parallel. Processions, illuminations, and speech-making took
+place in every town in Great<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span> Britain, and city vied with city in
+erecting memorials of the occasion. The queen&#8217;s strength was greatly
+taxed during the Jubilee period, but she speedily regained her customary
+vigor.</p>
+
+<p>Somewhat less than four years later, however, in January of 1901, the
+entire nation was made anxious by the news that the queen was ill. She
+grew steadily worse, and late in the afternoon of January 22nd, she
+died, to the intense grief, not only of her own subjects, but of all
+peoples in the world.</p>
+
+<p>In this brief sketch of the life of England&#8217;s great queen, practically
+no reference has been made to political affairs; her life has been
+treated merely from the personal, or domestic, side. However, it is not
+to be for a moment supposed that the queen was so absorbed in her family
+and her friends, dear as these always were to her, that she neglected
+matters of state. Every important project that was attempted during her
+reign had her consideration, and all of her ministers united in
+regarding her opinion as valuable beyond words. The influence of this
+wonderful woman on the history of her times was incalculable, and
+further study of her life and character will only deepen and intensify
+the respect and love which all must hold for her memory.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_RECESSIONAL" id="THE_RECESSIONAL"></a>THE RECESSIONAL</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Rudyard Kipling</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;<cite>The Recessional</cite> is one of the most delicate and graceful
+poems in the language, yet it has such strength and virility, is so
+easily understood and has such profound religious sentiment, that
+it is regarded as one of the noblest things ever written. Kipling
+himself tells us how it was written:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That poem gave me more trouble than anything I ever wrote. I had
+promised the <cite>Times</cite> a poem on the Jubilee, and when it became due,
+I had written nothing that had satisfied me. The <cite>Times</cite> began to
+want the poem badly, and sent letter after letter asking for it. I
+made many more attempts but no further progress. Finally the
+<cite>Times</cite> began sending telegrams. So I shut myself in a room with a
+determination to stay there until I had written a Jubilee poem.
+Sitting down with all my previous attempts before me I searched
+through those dozens of sketches, till at last I found just one
+line I liked. That was, &#8216;Lest we forget.&#8217; Round these words <cite>The
+Recessional</cite> was written.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">G</span><span class="upper">od</span> of our fathers, known of old&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">Lord of our far-flung battle line,</span><br />
+Beneath whose awful Hand we hold<br />
+<span class="i1">Dominion over palm and pine&mdash;</span><br />
+Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,<br />
+Lest we forget&mdash;lest we forget!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">The tumult and the shouting dies&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">The Captains and the Kings depart.</span><br />
+Still stands Thine ancient Sacrifice,<br />
+<span class="i1">An humble and a contrite heart.<a name="Anchor_164-1" id="Anchor_164-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 164-1" href="#Footnote_164-1" class="fnanchor">164-1</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span>Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,<br />
+Lest we forget&mdash;lest we forget!</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image28" id="image28"></a><a href="images/image28-full.png"><img src="images/image28.png" width="252" height="204" alt="A tree and jagged rock" title="ON DUNE AND HEADLAND" /></a>
+<span class="caption">ON DUNE AND HEADLAND</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">Far-called our navies melt away&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">On dune and headland sinks the fire;</span><br />
+Lo, all our pomp of yesterday<br />
+<span class="i1">Is one with Nineveh and Tyre!</span><br />
+Judge of all Nations, spare us yet,<br />
+Lest we forget&mdash;lest we forget!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">If, drunk with sight of power, we loose<br />
+<span class="i1">Wild tongues that have not Thee in awe&mdash;</span><br />
+Such boasting as the Gentiles use<br />
+<span class="i1">Or lesser breeds without the law&mdash;</span><br />
+Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,<br />
+Lest we forget&mdash;lest we forget!</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span>For heathen heart that puts her trust<br />
+<span class="i1">In reeking tube and iron shard&mdash;</span><br />
+All valiant dust that builds on dust,<br />
+<span class="i1">And guarding calls not Thee to guard&mdash;</span><br />
+For frantic boast and foolish word,<br />
+<span class="i1">Thy mercy on thy People, Lord!</span><br />
+<span class="i11">Amen!</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="afterstory">A recessional is a hymn sung while the clergy and the choir are
+retiring at the end of a church service. We must remember that this
+hymn was written for the celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of
+the coronation of Queen Victoria, and that its sentiment is
+English. The central idea appearing in the refrain at the end of
+each stanza is that the nation must recognize the presence of God,
+and remember its duties to Him. While the phrases in the poem call
+us constantly back to England and English dominions, yet the
+sentiment is so universal and so applicable to all nations, that
+the hymn is admired everywhere.</p>
+
+<p>The first stanza refers to the conquests of England, whose battle
+lines have been flung far over all parts of the world, and to the
+fact that under the awful hand of God the British hold dominion
+over India and the tropical lands where the palm tree grows, as
+well as over the pine-clad hills of Canada and other Northern
+regions. It is an appeal to the Almighty to be with the nation, and
+to remind the people of their duty to the God of Hosts. The
+succeeding stanzas may be paraphrased as follows:</p>
+
+<p>After the tumult and the shouting of the celebration die away, when
+the captains and the kings, who have met from all parts of the
+world to pay homage to the queen and to the nation, depart, there
+still remains as the most acceptable gift to God, the ancient
+sacrifice&mdash;an humble and a contrite heart.</p>
+
+<p>The British navies, called to far distant climes, separate and melt
+away. Sinking below the horizon they see behind them on the dunes
+and headlands the smouldering bonfires lit in celebration of the
+Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The once magnificent cities of
+Nineveh and Tyre are now <span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 89%"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span>in ruins, perhaps covered by shifting
+desert sands. Their pomp and their glory have departed, but no more
+completely than the glory and the pomp of yesterday have gone from
+the nation. Judge of all Nations, spare the English from
+destruction, and keep them in mind of their obligations to Thee.</p>
+
+<p>If, glorying in our power, we talk wildly of what we have done in
+words that give no praise to God, and boast as the barbaric races
+do, we pray Thee, Lord God of Hosts, to remind us that everything
+we possess has come from thy guiding hand.</p>
+
+<p>Show mercy to thy people, Lord, for frantic boasts and foolish
+words, for heathen hearts that put their trust in reeking cannon
+and the fragments of bursting shells, and to those who, bravely
+guarding the wide borders of our land, forget that they are but
+valiant dust, and call not upon Thee to guard them.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_164-1" id="Footnote_164-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_164-1" class="label">164-1</a> This is a reference to <cite>Psalms LI, 17</cite>: &#8220;The sacrifices
+of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou
+wilt not despise.&#8221;</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_STAR-SPANGLED_BANNER" id="THE_STAR-SPANGLED_BANNER"></a>THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER<a name="FNanchor_167-A" id="FNanchor_167-A"></a><a title="Go to footnote 167-*" href="#Footnote_167-A" class="fnanchor" style="font-size: 70%;">167-*</a></h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Francis Scott Key</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">O</span> <span class="upper">say</span>, can you see, by the dawn&#8217;s early light,<br />
+<span class="i1">What so proudly we hailed at the twilight&#8217;s last gleaming?</span><br />
+Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight,<br />
+<span class="i1">O&#8217;er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming!</span><br />
+And the rocket&#8217;s red glare, the bombs bursting in air,<br />
+Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;<br />
+O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave<br />
+O&#8217;er the land of the free, and the home of the brave?</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span>On that shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep,<br />
+<span class="i1">Where the foe&#8217;s haughty host in dread silence reposes,</span><br />
+What is that which the breeze, o&#8217;er the towering steep,<br />
+<span class="i1">As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?</span><br />
+Now it catches the gleam of the morning&#8217;s first beam,<br />
+In full glory reflected now shines on the stream;<br />
+&#8217;Tis the star-spangled banner! O long may it wave<br />
+O&#8217;er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">And where is that band who so vauntingly swore<br />
+<span class="i1">That the havoc of war and the battle&#8217;s confusion</span><br />
+A home and a country should leave us no more?<br />
+<span class="i1">Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps&#8217; pollution.</span><br />
+No refuge could save the hireling and slave<br />
+From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave;<br />
+And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave<br />
+O&#8217;er the land of the free, and the home of the brave.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">O thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand<br />
+<span class="i1">Between their loved homes and the war&#8217;s desolation!</span><br />
+Blest with vic&#8217;try and peace, may the heaven-rescued land<br />
+<span class="i1">Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation!</span><br />
+Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,<br />
+And this be our motto, &#8220;<em>In God is our trust</em>&#8221;;<br />
+And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave<br />
+O&#8217;er the land of the free, and the home of the brave.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_167-A" id="Footnote_167-A"></a><a href="#FNanchor_167-A" class="label">167-*</a> On the night of Sept. 12, 1814, Fort Henry in
+Chesapeake Bay not far from Baltimore was unsuccessfully attacked by a
+British fleet. The author, detained a prisoner on the fleet, witnessed
+the bombardment and began the song there.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="HOWS_MY_BOY" id="HOWS_MY_BOY"></a>HOW&#8217;S MY BOY?</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Sydney Dobell</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">&#8220;H</span><span class="upper">o</span>, sailor of the sea!<br />
+How&#8217;s my boy&mdash;my boy?&#8221;<br />
+&#8220;What&#8217;s your boy&#8217;s name, good wife,<br />
+And in what ship sailed he?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;My boy John&mdash;<br />
+He that went to sea&mdash;<br />
+What care I for the ship, sailor?<br />
+My boy&#8217;s my boy to me.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;You come back from the sea,<br />
+And not know my John?<br />
+I might as well have asked some landsman<br />
+Yonder down in the town.<br />
+There&#8217;s not an ass in all the parish<br />
+But he knows my John.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;How&#8217;s my boy&mdash;my boy?<br />
+And unless you let me know<br />
+I&#8217;ll swear you are no sailor,<br />
+Blue jacket or no,<br />
+Brass buttons or no, sailor,<br />
+Anchor and crown, or no!<br />
+Sure his ship was the &#8216;Jolly Briton&mdash;&#8217;&#8221;<br />
+&#8220;Speak low, woman, speak low!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And why should I speak low, sailor,<br />
+About my own boy John?<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span>If I was loud as I am proud<br />
+I&#8217;d sing him over the town!<br />
+Why should I speak low, sailor?&#8221;<br />
+&#8220;That good ship went down.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;How&#8217;s my boy&mdash;my boy?<br />
+What care I for the ship, sailor,<br />
+I was never aboard her.<br />
+Be she afloat or be she aground,<br />
+Sinking or swimming, I&#8217;ll be bound<br />
+Her owners can afford her!<br />
+I say, how&#8217;s my John?&#8221;<br />
+&#8220;Every man on board went down,<br />
+Every man aboard her.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;How&#8217;s my boy&mdash;my boy?<br />
+What care I for the men, sailor?<br />
+I&#8217;m not their mother&mdash;<br />
+How&#8217;s my boy&mdash;my boy?<br />
+Tell me of him and no other!<br />
+How&#8217;s my boy&mdash;my boy?&#8221;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_SOLDIERS_DREAM" id="THE_SOLDIERS_DREAM"></a>THE SOLDIER&#8217;S DREAM</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Thomas Campbell</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">O</span><span class="upper">ur</span> bugles sang truce, for the night-cloud had lower&#8217;d,<br />
+<span class="i1">And the sentinel stars set their watch in the sky;</span><br />
+And thousands had sunk on the ground overpower&#8217;d,<br />
+<span class="i1">The weary to sleep, and the wounded to die.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">When reposing that night on my pallet of straw<br />
+<span class="i1">By the wolf-scaring fagot that guarded the slain,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span>At the dead of the night a sweet Vision I saw;<br />
+<span class="i1">And thrice ere the morning I dreamt it again.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Methought from the battlefield&#8217;s dreadful array<br />
+<span class="i1">Far, far, I had roam&#8217;d on a desolate track:</span><br />
+&#8217;Twas Autumn&mdash;and sunshine arose on the way<br />
+<span class="i1">To the home of my fathers, that welcomed me back.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">I flew to the pleasant fields traversed so oft<br />
+<span class="i1">In life&#8217;s morning march, when my bosom was young;</span><br />
+I heard my own mountain-goats bleating aloft,<br />
+<span class="i1">And knew the sweet strain that the corn-reapers sung.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Then pledged we the wine-cup, and fondly I swore<br />
+<span class="i1">From my home and my weeping friends never to part;</span><br />
+My little ones kiss&#8217;d me a thousand times o&#8217;er,<br />
+<span class="i1">And my wife sobb&#8217;d aloud in her fulness of heart.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Stay&mdash;stay with us!&mdash;rest!&mdash;thou art weary and worn!&#8221;&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">And fain was their war-broken soldier to stay;&mdash;</span><br />
+But sorrow return&#8217;d with the dawning of morn,<br />
+<span class="i1">And the voice in my dreaming ear melted away.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="MAKE_WAY_FOR_LIBERTY" id="MAKE_WAY_FOR_LIBERTY"></a>MAKE WAY FOR LIBERTY!</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">James Montgomery</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;In the fourteenth century the Swiss people rose against
+their Austrian oppressors, and at Sempach they won, on July 9,
+1386, a complete victory over an army which greatly exceeded them
+in numbers. According to tradition, a Swiss hero, Arnold
+Winkelried, seeing that the Austrian line was well-nigh
+unbreakable, gathered the spears of several of his enemies in his
+arms and pressed the points against his breast, thus making a way
+for his companions. A monument was erected in his honor five
+centuries after the battle.</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcapm"><span class="hide">&#8220;M</span></span><span class="upper">ake</span> way for Liberty!&#8221;&mdash;he cried;<br />
+Made way for Liberty, and died!</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">In arms the Austrian phalanx stood.</span><br />
+A living wall, a human wood!<br />
+A wall, where every conscious stone<br />
+Seemed to its kindred thousands grown;<br />
+A rampart all assaults to bear,<br />
+Till time to dust their frames should wear;<br />
+A wood, like that enchanted grove<br />
+In which with fiends Rinaldo strove,<br />
+Where every silent tree possessed<br />
+A spirit prisoned in its breast,<br />
+Which the first stroke of coming strife<br />
+Would startle into hideous life;<br />
+So dense, so still, the Austrians stood,<br />
+A living wall, a human wood!<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span>Impregnable their front appears,<br />
+All horrent with projected spears,<br />
+Whose polished points before them shine,<br />
+From flank to flank, one brilliant line,<br />
+Bright as the breakers&#8217; splendors run<br />
+Along the billows to the sun.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">Opposed to these, a hovering band</span><br />
+Contended for their native land:<br />
+Peasants, whose new-found strength had broke<br />
+From manly necks the ignoble yoke,<br />
+And forged their fetters into swords,<br />
+On equal terms to fight their lords,<br />
+And what insurgent rage had gained<br />
+In many a mortal fray maintained;<br />
+Marshaled once more at Freedom&#8217;s call,<br />
+They came to conquer or to fall,<br />
+Where he who conquered, he who fell,<br />
+Was deemed a dead or living Tell!<br />
+Such virtue had that patriot breathed,<br />
+So to the soil his soul bequeathed,<br />
+That wheresoe&#8217;er his arrows flew<br />
+Heroes in his own likeness grew,<br />
+And warriors sprang from every sod<br />
+Which his awakening footstep trod.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">And now the work of life and death</span><br />
+Hung on the passing of a breath;<br />
+The fire of conflict burnt within,<br />
+The battle trembled to begin;<br />
+Yet, while the Austrians held their ground,<br />
+Point for attack was nowhere found,<br />
+Where&#8217;er the impatient Switzers gazed,<br />
+The unbroken line of lances blazed;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span>That line &#8217;t were suicide to meet,<br />
+And perish at their tyrants&#8217; feet,&mdash;<br />
+How could they rest within their graves,<br />
+And leave their homes the homes of slaves?<br />
+Would they not feel their children tread<br />
+With clanging chains above their head?</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">It must not be: this day, this hour,</span><br />
+Annihilates the oppressor&#8217;s power;<br />
+All Switzerland is in the field,<br />
+She will not fly, she cannot yield,&mdash;<br />
+She must not fall; her better fate<br />
+Here gives her an immortal date.<br />
+Few were the number she could boast;<br />
+But every freeman was a host,<br />
+And felt as though himself were he<br />
+On whose sole arm hung victory.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">It did depend on <em>one</em> indeed;</span><br />
+Behold him,&mdash;Arnold Winkelried!<br />
+There sounds not to the trump of fame<br />
+The echo of a nobler name.<br />
+Unmarked he stood amid the throng,<br />
+In rumination deep and long,<br />
+Till you might see, with sudden grace,<br />
+The very thought come o&#8217;er his face,<br />
+And by the motion of his form<br />
+Anticipate the bursting storm,<br />
+And by the uplifting of his brow<br />
+Tell where the bolt would strike, and how.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">But &#8217;t was no sooner thought than done,</span><br />
+The field was in a moment won:&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span><span class="i1">&#8220;Make way for Liberty!&#8221; he cried,</span><br />
+Then ran, with arms extended wide,<br />
+As if his dearest friend to clasp;<br />
+Ten spears he swept within his grasp.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">&#8220;Make way for Liberty!&#8221; he cried;</span><br />
+Their keen points met from side to side;<br />
+He bowed amongst them like a tree,<br />
+And thus made way for Liberty.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">Swift to the breach his comrades fly;</span><br />
+&#8220;Make way for Liberty!&#8221; they cry,<br />
+And through the Austrian phalanx dart,<br />
+As rushed the spears through Arnold&#8217;s heart;<br />
+While, instantaneous as his fall,<br />
+Rout, ruin, panic, scattered all;<br />
+An earthquake could not overthrow<br />
+A city with a surer blow.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">Thus Switzerland again was free;</span><br />
+Thus death made way for Liberty!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_OLD_CONTINENTALS" id="THE_OLD_CONTINENTALS"></a>THE OLD CONTINENTALS</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Guy Humphreys McMaster</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap" style="padding-left: 1em;">I</span><span class="upper">n</span> their ragged regimentals<br />
+<span class="i1">Stood the old continentals,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Yielding not,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">When the grenadiers were lunging,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">And like hail fell the plunging</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Cannon-shot;</span><br />
+<span class="i4">When the files</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Of the isles,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span>From the smoky night encampment, bore the banner of the rampant<br />
+<span class="i4">Unicorn,</span><br />
+And grummer, grummer, grummer rolled the roll of the drummer,<br />
+<span class="i4">Through the morn!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">Then with eyes to the front all,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And with guns horizontal,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Stood our sires;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And the balls whistled deadly,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And in streams flashing redly</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Blazed the fires;</span><br />
+<span class="i4">As the roar</span><br />
+<span class="i4">On the shore,</span><br />
+Swept the strong battle-breakers o&#8217;er the green-sodded acres<br />
+<span class="i4">Of the plain;</span><br />
+And louder, louder, louder, cracked the black gun-powder,<br />
+<span class="i4">Cracking amain!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">Now like smiths at their forges</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Worked the red Saint George&#8217;s</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Cannoneers;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And the &#8220;villainous saltpetre&#8221;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Rung a fierce, discordant metre</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Round their ears;</span><br />
+<span class="i4">As the swift</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Storm-drift,</span><br />
+With hot sweeping anger, came the horseguards&#8217; clangor<br />
+<span class="i4">On our flanks.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span>Then higher, higher, higher, burned the old-fashioned fire<br />
+<span class="i4">Through the ranks!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">Then the old-fashioned colonel</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Galloped through the white infernal</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Powder-cloud;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And his broad sword was swinging</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And his brazen throat was ringing</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Trumpet loud.</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Then the blue</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Bullets flew,</span><br />
+And the trooper jackets redden at the touch of the leaden<br />
+<span class="i4">Rifle-breath;</span><br />
+And rounder, rounder, rounder, roared the iron six-pounder,<br />
+<span class="i4">Hurling death!</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_PICKET-GUARD" id="THE_PICKET-GUARD"></a>THE PICKET-GUARD</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Mrs. Ethel Lynn Beers</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">&#8220;A</span><span class="upper">ll</span> quiet along the Potomac,&#8221; they say,<br />
+<span class="i1">&#8220;Except now and then a stray picket</span><br />
+Is shot, as he walks on his beat, to and fro,<br />
+<span class="i1">By a rifleman hid in the thicket.</span><br />
+&#8217;T is nothing: a private or two, now and then,<br />
+<span class="i1">Will not count in the news of the battle;</span><br />
+Not an officer lost&mdash;only one of the men,<br />
+<span class="i1">Moaning out, all alone, the death rattle.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">All quiet along the Potomac to-night,<br />
+<span class="i1">Where the soldiers lie peacefully dreaming;</span><br />
+Their tents in the rays of the clear autumn moon,<br />
+<span class="i1">Or the light of the watch-fires, are gleaming.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span>A tremulous sigh, as the gentle night wind<br />
+<span class="i1">Through the forest leaves softly is creeping;</span><br />
+While stars up above, with their glittering eyes,<br />
+<span class="i1">Keep guard&mdash;for the army is sleeping.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">There&#8217;s only the sound of the lone sentry&#8217;s tread<br />
+<span class="i1">As he tramps from the rock to the fountain,</span><br />
+And he thinks of the two in the low trundle-bed,<br />
+<span class="i1">Far away in the cot on the mountain.</span><br />
+His musket falls slack; his face, dark and grim,<br />
+<span class="i1">Grows gentle with memories tender,</span><br />
+As he mutters a prayer for the children asleep,<br />
+<span class="i1">For their mother,&mdash;may Heaven defend her!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">The moon seems to shine just as brightly as then,<br />
+<span class="i1">That night when the love yet unspoken</span><br />
+Leaped up to his lips&mdash;when low, murmured vows<br />
+<span class="i1">Were pledged to be ever unbroken;</span><br />
+Then drawing his sleeve roughly over his eyes,<br />
+<span class="i1">He dashes off tears that are welling,</span><br />
+And gathers his gun closer up to its place,<br />
+<span class="i1">As if to keep down the heart-swelling.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">He passes the fountain, the blasted pine tree,&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">The footstep is lagging and weary;</span><br />
+Yet onward he goes, through the broad belt of light,<br />
+<span class="i1">Toward the shade of the forest so dreary.</span><br />
+Hark! was it the night wind that rustled the leaves?<br />
+<span class="i1">Was it moonlight so wondrously flashing?</span><br />
+It looked like a rifle: &#8220;Ha! Mary, good-by!&#8221;<br />
+<span class="i1">And the life-blood is ebbing and plashing.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">All quiet along the Potomac to-night,&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">No sound save the rush of the river;</span><br />
+While soft falls the dew on the face of the dead,&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">The picket&#8217;s off duty forever.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="MY_OLD_KENTUCKY_HOME" id="MY_OLD_KENTUCKY_HOME"></a>MY OLD KENTUCKY HOME</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Stephen Collins Foster</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">T</span><span class="upper">he</span> sun shines bright in our old Kentucky home;<br />
+<span class="i1">&#8217;Tis summer, the darkeys are gay;</span><br />
+The corn top&#8217;s ripe and the meadow&#8217;s in the bloom,<br />
+<span class="i1">While the birds make music all the day;</span><br />
+The young folks roll on the little cabin floor,<br />
+<span class="i1">All merry, all happy, all bright;</span><br />
+By&#8217;m by hard times comes knockin&#8217; at the door,&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">Then my old Kentucky home, good night!</span></p>
+
+<p class="titlepage">CHORUS</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">Weep no more, my lady; O weep no more to-day!</span><br />
+<span class="i1">We&#8217;ll sing one song for my old Kentucky home,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">For my old Kentucky home far away.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">They hunt no more for the possum and the coon,<br />
+<span class="i1">On the meadow, the hill, and the shore;</span><br />
+They sing no more by the glimmer of the moon,<br />
+<span class="i1">On the bench by the old cabin door;</span><br />
+The day goes by, like a shadow o&#8217;er the heart,<br />
+<span class="i1">With sorrow where all was delight;</span><br />
+The time has come, when the darkeys have to part,<br />
+<span class="i1">Then, my old Kentucky home, good night!</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">The head must bow, and the back will have to bend,<br />
+<span class="i1">Wherever the darkey may go;</span><br />
+A few more days, and the troubles all will end,<br />
+<span class="i1">In the field where the sugar-cane grow;</span><br />
+A few more days to tote the weary load,<br />
+<span class="i1">No matter, it will never be light;</span><br />
+A few more days till we totter on the road,<br />
+<span class="i1">Then, my old Kentucky home, good night!</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_FORSAKEN_MERMAN" id="THE_FORSAKEN_MERMAN"></a>THE FORSAKEN MERMAN</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Matthew Arnold</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcapc"><span class="hide">C</span></span><span class="upper">ome</span>, dear children, let us away;<br />
+Down and away below!<br />
+Now my brothers call from the bay,<br />
+Now the great winds shoreward blow,<br />
+Now the salt tides seaward flow;<br />
+Now the wild white horses play,<br />
+Champ and chafe and toss in the spray.<br />
+Children dear, let us away!<br />
+This way, this way!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Call her once before you go&mdash;<br />
+Call once yet!<br />
+In a voice that she will know<br />
+&#8220;Margaret! Margaret!&#8221;<br />
+Children&#8217;s voices should be dear<br />
+(Call once more) to a mother&#8217;s ear;<br />
+Children&#8217;s voices, wild with pain&mdash;<br />
+Surely she will come again!<br />
+Call her once and come away;<br />
+This way, this way!<br />
+&#8220;Mother dear, we cannot stay!<br />
+The wild white horses foam and fret.&#8221;<br />
+Margaret! Margaret!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Come, dear children, come away down;<br />
+Call no more!<br />
+One last look at the white-wall&#8217;d town,<br />
+And the little gray church on the windy shore;<br />
+Then come down!<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span>She will not come though you call all day;<br />
+Come away, come away!</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 242px;">
+<a name="image29" id="image29"></a><a href="images/image29-full.png"><img src="images/image29.png" width="242" height="315" alt="Mermaids sitting on a rock in the sea, pointing to the town on the shore" title="THE LITTLE GRAY CHURCH ON THE WINDY SHORE" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THE LITTLE GRAY CHURCH ON THE WINDY SHORE</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">Children dear, was it yesterday<br />
+We heard the sweet bells over the bay?<br />
+In the caverns where we lay,<br />
+Through the surf and through the swell,<br />
+The far-off sound of a silver bell?<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span>Sand-strewn caverns, cool and deep,<br />
+Where the winds are all asleep;<br />
+Where the spent lights quiver and gleam,<br />
+Where the salt weed sways in the stream,<br />
+Where the sea beasts, ranged all around,<br />
+Feed in the ooze of their pasture ground;<br />
+Where the sea snakes coil and twine,<br />
+Dry their mail and bask in the brine;<br />
+Where great whales come sailing by,<br />
+Sail and sail, with unshut eye,<br />
+Round the world for ever and aye?<br />
+When did music come this way?<br />
+Children dear, was it yesterday?</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Children dear, was it yesterday<br />
+(Call yet once) that she went away?<br />
+Once she sate with you and me,<br />
+On a red gold throne in the heart of the sea,<br />
+And the youngest sate on her knee.<br />
+She comb&#8217;d its bright hair, and she tended it well,<br />
+When down swung the sound of a far-off bell.<br />
+She sigh&#8217;d, she look&#8217;d up through the clear green sea;<br />
+She said: &#8220;I must go, for my kinsfolk pray<br />
+In the little gray church on the shore to-day.<br />
+&#8217;Twill be Easter-time in the world&mdash;ah me!<br />
+And I lose my poor soul, Merman! here with thee.&#8221;<br />
+I said: &#8220;Go up, dear heart, through the waves;<br />
+Say thy prayer, and come back to the kind sea caves!&#8221;<br />
+She smil&#8217;d, she went up through the surf in the bay.<br />
+Children dear, was it yesterday?<br />
+Children dear, were we long alone?<br />
+&#8220;The sea grows stormy, the little ones moan;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span>Long prayers,&#8221; I said, &#8220;in the world they say;<br />
+Come!&#8221; I said; and we rose through the surf in the bay.<br />
+We went up the beach, by the sandy down<br />
+Where the sea stocks bloom, to the white-wall&#8217;d town;<br />
+Through the narrow, pav&#8217;d streets, where all was still,<br />
+To the little gray church on the windy hill.<br />
+From the church came a murmur of folk at their prayers,<br />
+But we stood without in the cold blowing airs.<br />
+We climb&#8217;d on the graves, on the stones worn with rains,<br />
+And we gaz&#8217;d up the aisle through the small leaded panes.<br />
+She sate by the pillar; we saw her clear;<br />
+&#8220;Margaret, hist! come quick, we are here!<br />
+Dear heart,&#8221; I said, &#8220;we are long alone;<br />
+The sea grows stormy, the little ones moan.&#8221;<br />
+But, ah, she gave me never a look,<br />
+For her eyes were seal&#8217;d to the holy book!<br />
+Loud prays the priest: shut stands the door.<br />
+Come away, children, call no more!<br />
+Come away, come down, call no more!<br />
+Down, down, down!<br />
+Down to the depths of the sea!<br />
+She sits at her wheel in the humming town,<br />
+Singing most joyfully.<br />
+Hark what she sings: &#8220;O joy, O joy.<br />
+For the humming street, and the child with its toy!<br />
+For the priest, and the bell, and the holy well;<br />
+For the wheel where I spun,<br />
+And the blessed light of the sun!&#8221;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>And so she sings her fill.<br />
+Singing most joyfully,<br />
+Till the spindle drops from her hand,<br />
+And the whizzing wheel stands still.<br />
+She steals to the window, and looks at the sand,<br />
+And over the sand at the sea;<br />
+And her eyes are set in a stare;<br />
+And anon there breaks a sigh,<br />
+And anon there drops a tear,<br />
+From a sorrow-clouded eye,<br />
+And a heart sorrow-laden,<br />
+A long, long sigh,<br />
+For the cold, strange eyes of a little Mermaiden<br />
+And the gleam of her golden hair.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">Come away, away, children;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Come, children, come down!</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The hoarse wind blows colder;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Lights shine in the town.</span><br />
+<span class="i2">She will start from her slumber</span><br />
+<span class="i2">When gusts shake the door;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">She will hear the winds howling,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Will hear the waves roar.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">We shall see, while above us</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The waves roar and whirl,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">A ceiling of amber,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">A pavement of pearl.</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Singing: &#8220;Here came a mortal,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">But faithless was she!</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And alone dwell for ever</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The kings of the sea.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">But, children, at midnight,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">When soft the winds blow,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span><span class="i2">When clear falls the moonlight,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">When spring-tides are low;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">When sweet airs come seaward</span><br />
+<span class="i2">From heaths starr&#8217;d with broom,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And high rocks throw mildly</span><br />
+<span class="i2">On the blanch&#8217;d sands a gloom;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Up the still, glistening beaches,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Up the creeks we will hie,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Over banks of bright seaweed</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The ebb-tide leaves dry.</span><br />
+<span class="i2">We will gaze, from the sand hills,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">At the white, sleeping town;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">At the church on the hillside&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="i2">And then come back down.</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Singing: &#8220;There dwells a lov&#8217;d one,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">But cruel is she!</span><br />
+<span class="i2">She left lonely forever</span><br />
+<span class="i2">The kings of the sea.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 103px;">
+<img src="images/image30.png" width="103" height="112" alt="A mermaid riding on a stylized sea horse" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="TOM_AND_MAGGIE_TULLIVER" id="TOM_AND_MAGGIE_TULLIVER"></a>TOM AND MAGGIE TULLIVER</h2>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;This account of Tom and Maggie Tulliver is taken from the
+early chapters of George Eliot&#8217;s <cite>The Mill on the Floss</cite>. The book
+follows the fortunes of Tom and Maggie, whom at the opening of the
+story we find living with their parents at the old mill house on
+the Floss River, until they meet their death, in their early
+manhood and womanhood. We give here, however, only a part of the
+story of their childhood.</p></div>
+
+
+<h3 class="section"><abbr title="One">I</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapi"><span class="hide">I</span></span><span class="upper">t</span> was a heavy disappointment to Maggie that she was not allowed to go
+with her father in the gig when he went to fetch Tom home from the
+academy; but the morning was too wet, Mrs. Tulliver said, for a little
+girl to go out in her best bonnet. Maggie took the opposite view very
+strongly, and it was a direct consequence of this difference of opinion
+that when her mother was in the act of brushing out the reluctant black
+crop Maggie suddenly rushed from under her hands and dipped her head in
+a basin of water standing near, in the vindictive determination that
+there should be no more chance of curls that day.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Maggie, Maggie!&#8221; exclaimed Mrs. Tulliver, sitting stout and helpless
+with the brushes on her lap, &#8220;what is to become of you if you&#8217;re so
+naughty? I&#8217;ll tell your aunt Glegg and your aunt Pullet when they come
+next week, and they&#8217;ll never love<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span> you any more. Oh dear, oh dear! look
+at your clean pinafore, wet from top to bottom. Folks &#8217;ull think it&#8217;s a
+judgment on me as I&#8217;ve got such a child,&mdash;they&#8217;ll think I&#8217;ve done summat
+wicked.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Before this remonstrance was finished, Maggie was already out of
+hearing, making her way toward the great attic that run under the old
+high-pitched roof, shaking the water from her black locks as she ran,
+like a Skye terrier escaped from his bath. This attic was Maggie&#8217;s
+favorite retreat on a wet day, when the weather was not too cold; here
+she fretted out all her ill humors, and talked aloud to the worm-eaten
+floors and the worm-eaten shelves, and the dark rafters festooned with
+cobwebs; and here she kept a Fetish which she punished for all her
+misfortunes. This was the trunk of a large wooden doll, which once
+stared with the roundest of eyes above the reddest of cheeks; but was
+now entirely defaced by a long career of vicarious suffering. Three
+nails driven into the head commemorated as many crises in Maggie&#8217;s nine
+years of earthly struggle; that luxury of vengeance having been
+suggested to her by the picture of Jael destroying Sisera in the old
+Bible. The last nail had been driven in with a fiercer stroke than
+usual, for the Fetish on that occasion represented aunt Glegg. But
+immediately afterward Maggie had reflected that if she drove many nails
+in she would not be so well able to fancy that the head was hurt when
+she knocked it against the wall, nor to comfort it, and make believe to
+poultice it, when her fury was abated; for even aunt Glegg would be
+pitiable when she had been hurt very much, and thoroughly humiliated, so
+as to beg her niece&#8217;s pardon. Since<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span> then she had driven no more nails
+in, but had soothed herself by alternately grinding and beating the
+wooden head against the rough brick of the great chimneys that made two
+square pillars supporting the roof. That was what she did this morning
+on reaching the attic, sobbing all the while with a passion that
+expelled every other form of <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span>consciousness,&mdash;even the memory of the
+grievance that had caused it.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image31" id="image31"></a><a href="images/image31-full.png"><img src="images/image31.png" width="252" height="297" alt="A young girl skipping along a path" title="TOM&#8217;S COMING HOME!" /></a>
+<span class="caption">TOM&#8217;S COMING HOME!</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>As at last the sobs were getting quieter, and the grinding less fierce,
+a sudden beam of sunshine, falling through the wire lattice across the
+worm-eaten shelves, made her throw away the Fetish and run to the
+window. The sun was really breaking out; the sound of the mill seemed
+cheerful again; the granary doors were open; and there was Yap, the
+queer white-and-brown terrier, with one ear turned back, trotting about
+and sniffing vaguely, as if he were in search of a companion. It was
+irresistible.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie tossed her hair back and ran downstairs, seized her bonnet
+without putting it on, peeped, and then dashed along the passage lest
+she should encounter her mother, and was quickly out in the yard,
+whirling around like a Pythoness, and singing as she whirled, &#8220;Yap, Yap,
+Tom&#8217;s coming home!&#8221; while Yap danced and barked round her, as much as to
+say, if there was any noise wanted he was the dog for it.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Hegh, hegh, Miss! you&#8217;ll make yourself giddy, an&#8217; tumble down i&#8217; the
+dirt,&#8221; said Luke, the head miller, a tall, broad-shouldered man of
+forty, black-haired, subdued by a general mealiness, like an auricula.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie paused in her whirling and said, staggering a little, &#8220;Oh no, it
+doesn&#8217;t make me giddy, Luke; may I go into the mill with you?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie loved to linger in the great spaces of the mill, and often came
+out with her black hair powdered to a soft whiteness that made her dark
+eyes flash out with new fire. The resolute din, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span> unresting motion of
+the great stones, giving her a dim, delicious awe as at the presence of
+an uncontrollable force; the meal forever pouring, pouring; the fine
+white powder softening all surfaces, and making the very spider-nets
+look like a fairy lace-work; the sweet, pure scent of the meal,&mdash;all
+helped to make Maggie feel that the mill was a little world apart from
+her outside everyday life. She was in the habit of taking this
+recreation as she conversed with Luke, to whom she was very
+communicative, wishing him to think well of her understanding, as her
+father did.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps she felt it necessary to recover her position with him on the
+present occasion, for, as she sat sliding on the heap of grain near
+which he was busying himself, she said, at that shrill pitch which was
+requisite in mill-society,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I think you never read any book but the Bible, did you, Luke?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Nay, Miss, an&#8217; not much o&#8217; that,&#8221; said Luke, with great frankness. &#8220;I&#8217;m
+no reader, I aren&#8217;t.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But if I lent you one of my books, Luke? I&#8217;ve got many <em>very</em> pretty
+books that would be easy for you to read; but there&#8217;s &#8216;Pug&#8217;s Tour of
+Europe,&#8217;&mdash;that would tell you all about the different sorts of people in
+the world, and if you didn&#8217;t understand the reading, the pictures would
+help you; they show the looks and ways of the people and what they do.
+There are the Dutchmen, very fat, and smoking, you know, and one sitting
+on a barrel.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Nay, Miss, I&#8217;n no opinion o&#8217; Dutchmen. There ben&#8217;t much good i&#8217; knowin&#8217;
+about <em>them</em>.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But they&#8217;re our <a name="corr6" id="corr6"></a>fellow-creatures, Luke; we ought to know about
+our fellow-creatures.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span>&#8220;Not much o&#8217; fellow-creatures, I think, Miss; all I know&mdash;my old master,
+as war a knowin&#8217; man, used to say, says he, &#8216;If e&#8217;er I sow my wheat
+wi&#8217;out brinin&#8217;, I&#8217;m a Dutchman,&#8217; says he; an&#8217; that war as much as to say
+a Dutchman war a fool, or next door.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Nay, nay, I aren&#8217;t goin&#8217; to bother mysen about Dutchmen. There&#8217;s fools
+enoo, an&#8217; rogues enoo, wi&#8217;out lookin&#8217; i&#8217; books for &#8217;em.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, well,&#8221; said Maggie, rather foiled by Luke&#8217;s unexpectedly decided
+views about Dutchmen, &#8220;perhaps you would like &#8216;Animated Nature&#8217; better;
+that&#8217;s not Dutchmen, you know, but elephants and kangaroos, and the
+civet cat, and the sunfish, and a bird sitting on its tail,&mdash;I forgot
+its name. There are countries full of those creatures, instead of horses
+and cows, you know. Shouldn&#8217;t you like to know about them, Luke?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Nay, Miss, I&#8217;n got to keep count o&#8217; the flour an&#8217; corn; I can&#8217;t do wi&#8217;
+knowin&#8217; so many things beside my work. That&#8217;s what brings folks to the
+gallows,&mdash;knowin&#8217; everything but what they&#8217;n got to get their bread by.
+An&#8217; they&#8217;re mostly lies, I think, what&#8217;s printed i&#8217; the books: them
+printed sheets are, anyhow, as the men cry i&#8217; the streets.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, you&#8217;re like my brother Tom, Luke,&#8221; said Maggie, wishing to turn
+the conversation agreeably; &#8220;Tom&#8217;s not fond of reading. I love Tom so
+dearly, Luke,&mdash;better than anybody else in the world. When he grows up I
+shall keep his house, and we shall always live together. I can tell him
+everything he doesn&#8217;t know. But I think Tom&#8217;s clever, for all he doesn&#8217;t
+like books; he makes beautiful whipcord and rabbit pens.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span>&#8220;Ah,&#8221; said Luke, &#8220;but he&#8217;ll be fine an&#8217; vexed, as the rabbits are all
+dead.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Dead!&#8221; screamed Maggie, jumping up from her sliding seat on the corn.
+&#8220;Oh dear, Luke! What! the lop-eared one, and the spotted doe that Tom
+spent all his money to buy?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;As dead as moles,&#8221; said Luke, fetching his comparison from the
+unmistakable corpses nailed to the stable wall.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Luke,&#8221; said Maggie in a piteous tone, &#8220;Tom told me to be sure and
+remember the rabbits every day; but how could I, when they didn&#8217;t come
+into my head, you know? Oh, he will be so angry with me, I know he will,
+and so sorry about his rabbits, and so am I sorry. Oh, what <em>shall</em> I
+do?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t you fret, Miss,&#8221; said Luke, soothingly; &#8220;they&#8217;re nash things,
+them lop-eared rabbits; they&#8217;d happen ha&#8217; died, if they&#8217;d been fed.
+Things out o&#8217; natur niver thrive: God A&#8217;mighty doesn&#8217;t like &#8217;em. He made
+the rabbits&#8217; ears to lie back, an&#8217; it&#8217;s nothin&#8217; but contrairiness to
+make &#8217;em hing down like a mastiff dog&#8217;s. Master Tom &#8217;ull know better nor
+buy such things another time. Don&#8217;t you fret, Miss. Will you come along
+home wi&#8217; me, and see my wife? I&#8217;m a-goin&#8217; this minute.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The invitation offered an agreeable distraction to Maggie&#8217;s grief, and
+her tears gradually subsided as she trotted along by Luke&#8217;s side to his
+pleasant cottage, which stood with its apple and pear trees, and with
+the added dignity of a lean-to pigsty, at the other end of the Mill
+fields.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="section"><abbr title="Two">II</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapt"><span class="hide">T</span></span><span class="upper">om</span> was to arrive early in the afternoon, and there was another
+fluttering heart besides Maggie&#8217;s when it was late enough for the sound
+of the gig wheels to be expected; for if Mrs. Tulliver had a strong
+feeling, it was fondness for her boy. At last the sound came,&mdash;that
+quick light bowling of the gig wheels,&mdash;and in spite of the wind, which
+was blowing the clouds about, and was not likely to respect Mrs.
+Tulliver&#8217;s curls and cap-strings, she came outside the door and even
+held her hand on Maggie&#8217;s offending head, forgetting all the griefs of
+the morning.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There he is, my sweet lad! But, Lord ha&#8217; mercy! he&#8217;s got never a collar
+on; it&#8217;s been lost on the road, I&#8217;ll be bound, and spoilt the set.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Tulliver stood with her arms open; Maggie jumped first on one leg
+and then on the other; while Tom descended from the gig, and said, with
+masculine reticence as to the tender emotions. &#8220;Hallo! Yap&mdash;what! are
+you there?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Nevertheless he submitted to be kissed willingly enough, though Maggie
+hung on his neck in rather a strangling fashion, while his blue-gray
+eyes wandered toward the croft and the lambs and the river, where he
+promised himself that he would begin to fish the first thing tomorrow
+morning. He was one of those lads that grow everywhere in England, and
+at twelve or thirteen years of age look as much alike as goslings,&mdash;a
+lad with light-brown hair, cheeks of cream and roses, full lips,
+indeter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span>minate nose and eyebrows,&mdash;face in which it seems impossible to
+see anything but boyhood; as different as possible from poor Maggie&#8217;s
+phiz, which Nature seemed to have moulded and colored with the most
+decided intention. But that same Nature has the deep cunning which hides
+itself under the appearance of openness, so that simple people think
+they can see through her quite well, and all the while she is secretly
+preparing a refutation of their confident prophecies. Under these
+average boyish physiognomies that she seems to turn off by the gross,
+she conceals some of her most unmodified characters; and the dark-eyed,
+demonstrative, rebellious girl may after all turn out to be a passive
+being compared with this pink-and-white bit of masculinity with the
+indeterminate features.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Maggie,&#8221; said Tom, confidentially, taking her into a corner, as soon as
+his mother was gone out to examine his box, and the warm parlor had
+taken off the chill he had felt from the long drive, &#8220;you don&#8217;t know
+what I&#8217;ve got in <em>my</em> pockets,&#8221; nodding his head up and down as a means
+of rousing her sense of mystery.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Maggie. &#8220;How stodgy they look, Tom! Is it marls (marbles) or
+cobnuts?&#8221; Maggie&#8217;s heart sank a little, because Tom always said it was
+&#8220;no good&#8221; playing with <em>her</em> at those games, she played so badly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Marls! no; I&#8217;ve swopped all my marls with the little fellows, and
+cobnuts are no fun, you silly, only when the nuts are green. But see
+here!&#8221; He drew something half out of his righthand pocket.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What is it?&#8221; said Maggie, in a whisper. &#8220;I can see nothing but a bit of
+yellow.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span>&#8220;Why, it&#8217;s&mdash;a&mdash;new&mdash;guess, Maggie!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, I <em>can&#8217;t</em> guess, Tom,&#8221; said Maggie, impatiently.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t be a spitfire, else I won&#8217;t tell you,&#8221; said Tom, thrusting his
+hand back into his pocket and looking determined.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, Tom,&#8221; said Maggie, imploringly, laying hold of the arm that was
+held stiffly in the pocket. &#8220;I&#8217;m not cross, Tom; it was only because I
+can&#8217;t bear guessing. <em>Please</em> be good to me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Tom&#8217;s arm slowly relaxed, and he said, &#8220;Well, then, it&#8217;s a new fish
+line&mdash;two new uns,&mdash;one for you, Maggie, all to yourself. And here&#8217;s
+hooks; see here&mdash;I say, <em>won&#8217;t</em> we go and fish to-morrow down by the
+Round Pool? And you shall catch your own fish, Maggie, and put the worms
+on, and everything; won&#8217;t it be fun?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie&#8217;s answer was to throw her arms round Tom&#8217;s neck and hug him, and
+hold her cheek against his without speaking, while he slowly unwound
+some of the line, saying, after a pause,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Wasn&#8217;t I a good brother, now, to buy you a line all to yourself? You
+know, I needn&#8217;t have bought it, if I hadn&#8217;t liked.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, very, very good&mdash;I <em>do</em> love you, Tom.&#8221; Tom had put the line back
+in his pocket, and was looking at the hooks one by one, before he spoke
+again.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And the fellows fought me, because I wouldn&#8217;t give in about the
+toffee.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, dear! I wish they wouldn&#8217;t fight at your school, Tom. Didn&#8217;t it
+hurt you?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Hurt me? no,&#8221; said Tom, putting up the hooks again, taking out a large
+pocketknife, and slowly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span> opening the largest blade, which he looked at
+<a name="corr7" id="corr7"></a>meditatively as he rubbed his finger along it. Then he added,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I gave Spouncer a black eye, I know; that&#8217;s what he got by wanting to
+leather <em>me</em>; I wasn&#8217;t going to go halves because anybody leathered me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, how brave you are, Tom! I think you&#8217;re like Samson. If there came a
+lion roaring at me, I think you&#8217;d fight him, wouldn&#8217;t you, Tom?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How can a lion come roaring at you, you silly thing? There&#8217;s no lions,
+only in the shows.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, but if we were in the lion countries&mdash;I mean Africa, where it&#8217;s
+very hot; the lions eat people there. I can show it you in the book
+where I read it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, I should get a gun and shoot him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But if you hadn&#8217;t got a gun,&mdash;we might have gone out, you know, not
+thinking, just as we go fishing; and then a great lion might run toward
+us roaring, and we couldn&#8217;t get away from him. What should you do, Tom?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Tom paused, and at last turned away contemptuously, saying, &#8220;But the
+lion <em>isn&#8217;t</em> coming. What&#8217;s the use of talking?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I like to fancy how it would be,&#8221; said Maggie, following him, &#8220;Just
+think what you would do, Tom.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, don&#8217;t bother, Maggie! you&#8217;re such a silly. I shall go and see my
+rabbits.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie&#8217;s heart began to flutter with fear. She dared not tell the sad
+truth at once, but she walked after Tom in trembling silence as he went
+out, thinking how she could tell him the news so as to soften at once
+his sorrow and his anger; for Maggie<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span> dreaded Tom&#8217;s anger of all things;
+it was quite different anger from her own.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Tom,&#8221; she said, timidly, when they were out of doors, &#8220;how much money
+did you give for your rabbits?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Two half-crowns and a sixpence,&#8221; said Tom, promptly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I think I&#8217;ve got a great deal more than that in my steel purse
+upstairs. I&#8217;ll ask mother to give it you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What for?&#8221; said Tom. &#8220;I don&#8217;t want <em>your</em> money, you silly thing. I&#8217;ve
+got a great deal more money than you, because I&#8217;m a boy. I always have
+half-sovereigns and sovereigns for my Christmas boxes because I shall be
+a man, and you have only five-shilling pieces, because you&#8217;re only a
+girl.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, but, Tom&mdash;if mother would let me give you two half-crowns and a
+sixpence out of my purse to put into your pocket and spend, you know,
+and buy some more rabbits with it?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;More rabbits? I don&#8217;t want any more.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, but, Tom, they&#8217;re all dead.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Tom stopped in his walk and turned round toward Maggie. &#8220;You forgot to
+feed &#8217;em, then?&#8221; he said, his color heightening for a moment, but soon
+subsiding. &#8220;I don&#8217;t love you, Maggie. You shan&#8217;t go fishing with me
+tomorrow. I told you to go and see the rabbits every day.&#8221; He walked on
+again.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, but I forgot&mdash;and I couldn&#8217;t help it, indeed, Tom. I&#8217;m so very
+sorry,&#8221; said Maggie, while the tears rushed fast.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You&#8217;re a naughty girl,&#8221; said Tom, severely, &#8220;and I&#8217;m sorry I bought you
+the fish line. I don&#8217;t love you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span>&#8220;Oh, Tom, it&#8217;s very cruel,&#8221; sobbed Maggie. &#8220;I&#8217;d forgive you, if <em>you</em>
+forgot anything&mdash;I wouldn&#8217;t mind what you did&mdash;I&#8217;d forgive you and love
+you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, you&#8217;re a silly; but I never <em>do</em> forget things, <em>I</em> don&#8217;t.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, please forgive me, Tom; my heart will break,&#8221; said Maggie, shaking
+with sobs, clinging to Tom&#8217;s arm, and laying her wet cheek on his
+shoulder.</p>
+
+<p>Tom shook her off, and stopped again, saying in a peremptory tone, &#8220;Now,
+Maggie, you just listen. Aren&#8217;t I a good brother to you?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ye-ye-es,&#8221; sobbed Maggie, her chin rising and falling convulsedly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Didn&#8217;t I think about your fish line all this quarter, and mean to buy
+it, and saved my money o&#8217; purpose, and wouldn&#8217;t go halves in the toffee,
+and Spouncer fought me because I wouldn&#8217;t?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ye-ye-es&mdash;and I&mdash;lo-lo-love you so, Tom.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But you&#8217;re a naughty girl. Last holidays you licked the paint off my
+lozenge box, and the holidays before that you let the boat drag my fish
+line down when I&#8217;d set you to watch it, and you pushed your head through
+my kite, all for nothing.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I didn&#8217;t mean,&#8221; said Maggie; &#8220;I couldn&#8217;t help it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, you could,&#8221; said Tom, &#8220;if you&#8217;d minded what you were doing. And
+you&#8217;re a naughty girl, and you sha&#8217;n&#8217;t go fishing with me to-morrow.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>With this terrible conclusion, Tom ran away from Maggie toward the mill.
+Maggie stood motionless, except from her sobs, for a minute or two; then
+she turned round and ran into the house, and up to her attic, where she
+sat on the floor and laid<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span> her head against the worm-eaten shelf, with a
+crushing sense of misery. Tom was come home, and she had thought how
+happy she should be; and now he was cruel to her. What use was anything
+if Tom didn&#8217;t love her? Oh, he was very cruel! Hadn&#8217;t she wanted to give
+him the money, and said how very sorry she was? She knew she was naughty
+to her mother, but she had never been naughty to Tom&mdash;had never <em>meant</em>
+to be naughty to him.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image32" id="image32"></a><a href="images/image32-full.png"><img src="images/image32.png" width="252" height="199" alt="A sad-looking girl sitting in the corner of an attic, with a doll and book nearby" title="&#8220;OH, HE IS CRUEL!&#8221;" /></a>
+<span class="caption">&#8220;OH, HE IS CRUEL!&#8221;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, he is cruel!&#8221; Maggie sobbed aloud, finding a wretched pleasure in
+the hollow resonance that came through the long empty space of the
+attic. She never thought of beating or grinding her Fetish; she was too
+miserable to be angry.</p>
+
+<p>These bitter sorrows of childhood! when sorrow is all new and strange,
+when hope has not yet got<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span> wings to fly beyond the days and weeks, and
+the space from summer to summer seems measureless.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie soon thought she had been hours in the attic, and it must be tea
+time, and they were all having their tea, and not thinking of her. Well,
+then, she would stay up there and starve herself,&mdash;hide herself behind
+the tub, and stay there all night,&mdash;and then they would all be
+frightened, and Tom would be sorry. Thus Maggie thought in the pride of
+her heart, as she crept behind the tub; but presently she began to cry
+again at the idea that they didn&#8217;t mind her being there. If she went
+down again to Tom now&mdash;would he forgive her? Perhaps her father would be
+there, and he would take her part. But then she wanted Tom to forgive
+her because he loved her, not because his father told him. No, she would
+never go down if Tom didn&#8217;t come to fetch her. This resolution lasted in
+great intensity for five dark minutes behind the tub; but then the need
+of being loved&mdash;the strongest need in poor Maggie&#8217;s nature&mdash;began to
+wrestle with her pride, and soon threw it. She crept from behind the tub
+into the twilight of the long attic, but just then she heard a quick
+footstep on the stairs.</p>
+
+<p>Tom had been too much interested in his talk with Luke, in going the
+round of the premises, walking in and out where he pleased, and
+whittling sticks without any particular reason,&mdash;except that he didn&#8217;t
+whittle sticks at school,&mdash;to think of Maggie and the effect his anger
+had produced on her. He meant to punish her, and that business having
+been performed, he occupied himself with other matters, like a practical
+person. But when he had been called in to tea, his father said, &#8220;Why,
+where&#8217;s<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span> the little wench?&#8221; and Mrs. Tulliver, almost at the same
+moment, said, &#8220;Where&#8217;s your little sister?&#8221;&mdash;both of them having
+supposed that Maggie and Tom had been together all the afternoon.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know,&#8221; said Tom. He didn&#8217;t want to &#8220;tell&#8221; of Maggie, though he
+was angry with her; for Tom Tulliver was a lad of honor.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What! hasn&#8217;t she been playing with you all this while?&#8221; said the
+father. &#8220;She&#8217;d been thinking o&#8217; nothing but your coming home.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I haven&#8217;t seen her this two hours,&#8221; says Tom, commencing on the
+plumcake.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Goodness heart! she&#8217;s got drownded!&#8221; exclaimed Mrs. Tulliver, rising
+from her seat and running to the window. &#8220;How could you let her do so?&#8221;
+she added, as became a fearful woman, accusing she didn&#8217;t know whom of
+she didn&#8217;t know what.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Nay, nay, she&#8217;s none drownded,&#8221; said Mr. Tulliver. &#8220;You&#8217;ve been naughty
+to her, I doubt, Tom?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;m sure I haven&#8217;t, father,&#8221; said Tom indignantly. &#8220;I think she&#8217;s in
+the house.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Perhaps up in that attic,&#8221; said Mrs. Tulliver, &#8220;a-singing and talking
+to herself, and forgetting all about meal times.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You go and fetch her down, Tom,&#8221; said Mr. Tulliver, rather
+sharply,&mdash;his perspicacity or his fatherly fondness for Maggie making
+him suspect that the lad had been hard upon &#8220;the little un,&#8221; else she
+would never have left his side. &#8220;And be good to her, do you hear? Else
+I&#8217;ll let you know better.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Tom never disobeyed his father, for Mr. Tulliver was a peremptory man,
+and, as he said, would never let anybody get hold of his whip hand; but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span>
+he went out rather sullenly, carrying his piece of plumcake, and not
+intending to reprieve Maggie&#8217;s punishment, which was no more than she
+deserved. Tom was only thirteen, and had no decided views in grammar and
+arithmetic, regarding them for the most part as open questions, but he
+was particularly clear and positive on one point,&mdash;namely, that he would
+punish everybody who deserved it. Why, he wouldn&#8217;t have minded being
+punished himself if he deserved it; but, then, he never <em>did</em> deserve
+it.</p>
+
+<p>It was Tom&#8217;s step, then, that Maggie heard on the stairs, when her need
+of love had triumphed over her pride, and she was going down with her
+swollen eyes and dishevelled hair to beg for pity. At least her father
+would stroke her head and say, &#8220;Never mind, my wench.&#8221; It is a wonderful
+subduer, this need of love,&mdash;this hunger of the heart,&mdash;as peremptory as
+that other hunger by which Nature forces us to submit to the yoke, and
+change the face of the world.</p>
+
+<p>But she knew Tom&#8217;s step, and her heart began to beat violently with the
+sudden shock of hope. He only stood still at the top of the stairs and
+said, &#8220;Maggie, you&#8217;re to come down.&#8221; But she rushed to him and clung
+around his neck, sobbing, &#8220;Oh, Tom, please forgive me&mdash;I can&#8217;t bear
+it&mdash;I will always be good&mdash;always remember things&mdash;do love me&mdash;please,
+dear Tom!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>We learn to restrain ourselves as we get older. We keep apart when we
+have quarreled, express ourselves in well-bred phrases, and in this way
+preserve a dignified alienation, showing much firmness on one side, and
+swallowing much grief on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span> other. We no longer approximate in our
+behavior to the mere impulsiveness of the lower animals, but conduct
+ourselves in every respect like members of a highly civilized society.
+Maggie and Tom were still very much like young animals, and so she could
+rub her cheek against his, and kiss his ear in a random sobbing way; and
+there were tender fibres in the lad that had been used to answer to
+Maggie&#8217;s fondling, so that he behaved with a weakness quite inconsistent
+with his resolution to punish her as much as she deserved. He actually
+began to kiss her in return, and say,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t cry, then, Magsie; here, eat a bit o&#8217; cake.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie&#8217;s sobs began to subside, and she put out her mouth for the cake
+and bit a piece; and then Tom bit a piece, just for company, and they
+ate together and rubbed each other&#8217;s cheeks and brows and noses
+together, while they ate, with a humiliating resemblance to two friendly
+ponies.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Come along, Magsie, and have tea,&#8221; said Tom at last, when there was no
+more cake except what was downstairs.</p>
+
+<p>So ended the sorrows of this day, and the next morning Maggie was
+trotting with her own fishing rod in one hand and a handle of the basket
+in the other, stepping always, by a peculiar gift, in the muddiest
+places, and looking darkly radiant from under her beaver-bonnet because
+Tom was good to her. She had told Tom, however, that she should like him
+to put the worms on the hook for her, although she accepted his word
+when he assured her that worms couldn&#8217;t feel (it was Tom&#8217;s private
+opinion that it didn&#8217;t much matter if they did). He knew all about
+worms, and fish, and those things;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span> and what birds were mischievous, and
+how padlocks opened, and which way the handles of the gates were to be
+lifted. Maggie thought this sort of knowledge was very wonderful,&mdash;much
+more difficult than remembering what was in the books; and she was
+rather in awe of Tom&#8217;s superiority, for he was the only person who
+called her knowledge &#8220;stuff,&#8221; and did not feel surprised at her
+cleverness. Tom, indeed, was of opinion that Maggie was a silly little
+thing; all girls were silly,&mdash;they couldn&#8217;t throw a stone so as to hit
+anything, couldn&#8217;t do anything with a pocketknife, and were frightened
+at frogs. Still, he was very fond of his sister, and meant always to
+take care of her, make her his housekeeper, and punish her when she did
+wrong.</p>
+
+<p>They were on their way to the Round Pool,&mdash;that wonderful pool, which
+the floods had made a long while ago. No one knew how deep it was; and
+it was mysterious, too, that it should be almost a perfect round, framed
+in with willows and tall reeds, so that the water was only to be seen
+when you got close to the brink. The sight of the old favorite spot
+always heightened Tom&#8217;s good humor, and he spoke to Maggie in the most
+amicable whispers, as he opened the precious basket and prepared their
+tackle. He threw her line for her, and put the rod into her hand. Maggie
+thought it probable that the small fish would come to her hook, and the
+large ones to Tom&#8217;s. But she had forgotten all about the fish, and was
+looking dreamily at the glassy water, when Tom said, in a loud whisper,
+&#8220;Look, look, Maggie!&#8221; and came running to prevent her from snatching her
+line away.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span>Maggie was frightened lest she had been doing something wrong, as usual,
+but presently Tom drew out her line and brought a large tench bouncing
+on the grass.</p>
+
+<p>Tom was excited.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O Maggie, you little duck! Empty the basket.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie was not conscious of unusual merit, but it was enough that Tom
+called her Magsie, and was pleased with her. There was nothing to mar
+her delight in the whispers and the dreamy silences, when she listened
+to the light dipping sounds of the rising fish, and the gentle rustling,
+as if the willows and the reeds and the water had their happy whispering
+also. Maggie thought it would make a very nice heaven to sit by the pool
+in that way, and never be scolded. She never knew she had a bite till
+Tom told her; but she liked fishing very much.</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section"><abbr title="Three">III</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapo"><span class="hide">O</span></span><span class="upper">n</span> Wednesday, the day before the aunts and uncles were coming, there
+were such various and suggestive scents, as of plumcakes in the oven and
+jellies in the hot state, mingled with the aroma of gravy, that it was
+impossible to feel altogether gloomy; there was hope in the air. Tom and
+Maggie made several inroads into the kitchen, and, like other marauders,
+were induced to keep aloof for a time only by being allowed to carry
+away a sufficient load of booty.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Tom,&#8221; said Maggie, as they sat on the boughs of the elder-tree, eating
+their jam-puffs, &#8220;shall you run away to-morrow?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Tom, slowly, when he had finished his puff, and was eyeing
+the third, which was to be divided between them,&mdash;&#8220;no, I sha&#8217;n&#8217;t.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, Tom? Because Lucy&#8217;s coming?&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image33" id="image33"></a><a href="images/image33-full.png"><img src="images/image33.png" width="251" height="200" alt="A boy and a girl sitting in the branches of a tree. The boy has a knife and cake in his hands." title="&#8220;IS IT THE TIPSY-CAKE, THEN?&#8221;" /></a>
+<span class="caption">&#8220;IS IT THE TIPSY-CAKE, THEN?&#8221;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Tom, opening his pocketknife and holding it over the puff,
+with his head on one side in a dubitative manner. (It was a difficult
+problem to divide that very irregular polygon into two equal parts.)
+&#8220;What do <em>I</em> care about Lucy? She&#8217;s only a girl,&mdash;<em>she</em> can&#8217;t play at
+bandy.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Is it the tipsy-cake, then?&#8221; said Maggie, exerting her hypothetic
+powers, while she leaned forward toward Tom with her eyes fixed on the
+hovering knife. &#8220;No, you silly, that&#8217;ll be good the day after. It&#8217;s the
+pudden. I know what&#8217;s the pudden&#8217;s to be,&mdash;apricot roll-up&mdash;O my
+buttons!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span>With this interjection, the knife descended on the puff, and it was in
+two, but the result was not satisfactory to Tom, for he still eyed the
+halves doubtfully. At last he said,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Shut your eyes, Maggie.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What for?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You never mind what for. Shut &#8217;em when I tell you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie obeyed.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now, which&#8217;ll you have, Maggie,&mdash;right hand or left?</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;ll have that with the jam run out,&#8221; said Maggie, keeping her eyes
+shut to please Tom.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, you don&#8217;t like that, you silly. You may have it if it comes to you
+fair, but I sha&#8217;n&#8217;t give it you without. Right or left,&mdash;you choose,
+now. Ha-a-a!&#8221; said Tom, in a tone of exasperation, as Maggie peeped.
+&#8220;You keep your eyes shut, now, else you sha&#8217;n&#8217;t have any.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie&#8217;s power of sacrifice did not extend so far; indeed, I fear she
+cared less that Tom should enjoy the utmost possible amount of puff,
+than that he should be pleased with her for giving him the best bit. So
+she shut her eyes close, till Tom told her to &#8220;say which,&#8221; and then she
+said, &#8220;Left hand.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You&#8217;ve got it,&#8221; said Tom, in rather a bitter tone.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What! the bit with the jam run out?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No; here, take it,&#8221; said Tom, firmly, handing decidedly the best piece
+to Maggie.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, please, Tom, have it; I don&#8217;t mind&mdash;I like the other; please take
+this.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, I sha&#8217;n&#8217;t,&#8221; said Tom, almost crossly, beginning on his own inferior
+piece.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span>Maggie, thinking it was no use to contend further, began too, and ate up
+her half puff with considerable relish as well as rapidity. But Tom had
+finished first, and had to look on while Maggie ate her last morsel or
+two, feeling in himself a capacity for more. Maggie didn&#8217;t know Tom was
+looking at her; she was see-sawing on the elder bough, lost to almost
+everything but a vague sense of jam and idleness.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, you greedy thing!&#8221; said Tom, when she had swallowed the last
+morsel. He was conscious of having acted very fairly, and thought she
+ought to have considered this, and made up to him for it. He would have
+refused a bit of hers beforehand, but one is naturally at a different
+point of view before and after one&#8217;s own share of puff is swallowed.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie turned quite pale. &#8220;Oh, Tom, why didn&#8217;t you ask me?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I wasn&#8217;t going to ask you for a bit, you greedy. You might have thought
+of it without, when you knew I gave you the best bit.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I wanted you to have it; you know I did,&#8221; said Maggie, in an
+injured tone.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, but I wasn&#8217;t going to do what wasn&#8217;t fair. If I go halves, I&#8217;ll go
+&#8217;em fair; only I wouldn&#8217;t be a greedy.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>With this cutting innuendo, Tom jumped down from his bough, and threw a
+stone with a &#8220;hoigh!&#8221; as a friendly attention to Yap, who had also been
+looking on while the eatables vanished, with an agitation of his ears
+and feelings which could hardly have been without bitterness. Yet the
+excellent dog accepted Tom&#8217;s attention with as much alacrity as if he
+had been treated quite generously.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span>But Maggie, gifted with that superior power of misery which
+distinguishes the human being, and places him at a proud distance from
+the most melancholy chimpanzee, sat still on her bough, and gave herself
+up to the keen sense of unmerited reproach. She would have given the
+world not to have eaten all her puff, and to have saved some of it for
+Tom. Not but that the puff was very nice, for Maggie&#8217;s palate was not at
+all obtuse, but she would have gone without it many times over, sooner
+than Tom should call her greedy and be cross with her. And he had said
+he wouldn&#8217;t have it, and she ate it without thinking; how could she help
+it? The tears flowed so plentifully that Maggie saw nothing around her
+for the next ten minutes; but by that time resentment began to give way
+to the desire of reconciliation, and she jumped from her bough to look
+for Tom. He was no longer in the paddock behind the rickyard; where was
+he likely to be gone, and Yap with him? Maggie ran to the high bank
+against the great holly tree, where she could see far away toward the
+Floss.</p>
+
+<p>There was Tom; but her heart sank again as she saw how far he was on his
+way to the great river, and that he had another companion besides
+Yap,&mdash;naughty Bob Jakin, whose official, if not natural, function of
+frightening the birds was just now at a standstill.</p>
+
+<p>Well! there was no hope for it; he was gone now, and Maggie could think
+of no comfort but to sit down by the hollow, or wander by the hedgerow,
+and fancy it was all different, refashioning her little world into just
+what she should like it to be.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="section"><abbr title="Four">IV</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapm"><span class="hide">M</span></span><span class="upper">aggie</span> had thrown her bonnet off very carelessly, and coming in with her
+hair rough as well as out of curl, rushed at once to Lucy, who was
+standing by her mother&#8217;s knee. Certainly the contrast between the
+cousins was conspicuous. It was like the contrast between a rough, dark,
+overgrown puppy and a white kitten. Lucy put up the neatest little
+rosebud mouth to be kissed; everything about her was neat&mdash;her little
+round neck, with the row of coral beads; her little straight nose, not
+at all snubby; her little clear eyebrows, rather darker than her curls,
+to match her hazel eyes, which looked up with shy pleasure at Maggie,
+taller by the head, though scarcely a year older. Maggie always looked
+at Lucy with delight. She was fond of fancying a world where the people
+never got any larger than children of their own age, and she made the
+queen of it just like Lucy, with a little crown on her head, and a
+little sceptre in her hand&mdash;only the queen was Maggie herself in Lucy&#8217;s
+form.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Lucy,&#8221; she burst out, after kissing her, &#8220;you&#8217;ll stay with Tom and
+me, won&#8217;t you? Oh, kiss her, Tom.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Tom, too, had come up to Lucy, but he was not going to kiss her&mdash;no; he
+came up to her with Maggie, because it seemed easier, on the whole, than
+saying, &#8220;How do you do?&#8221; to all those aunts and uncles. He stood looking
+at nothing in particular, with the blushing, awkward air and semi-smile
+which are common to shy boys when in company,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span>&mdash;very much as if they had
+come into the world by mistake, and found it in a degree of undress that
+was quite embarrassing.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Maggie,&#8221; said Mrs. Tulliver, beckoning Maggie to her, and whispering in
+her ear, as soon as this point of Lucy&#8217;s staying was settled, &#8220;go and
+get your hair brushed. I told you not to come in without going to Martha
+first; you know I did.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Tom, come out with me,&#8221; whispered Maggie, pulling his sleeve as she
+passed him; and Tom followed willingly enough.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Come upstairs with me, Tom,&#8221; she whispered, when they were outside the
+door. &#8220;There&#8217;s something I want to do before dinner.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There&#8217;s no time to play at anything before dinner,&#8221; said Tom, whose
+imagination was impatient of any intermediate prospect.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh yes, there is time for this; <em>do</em> come, Tom.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Tom followed Maggie upstairs into her mother&#8217;s room, and saw her go at
+once to a drawer, from which she took out a large pair of scissors.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What are they for, Maggie?&#8221; said Tom, feeling his curiosity awakened.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie answered by seizing her front locks and cutting them straight
+across the middle of her forehead.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, my buttons! Maggie, you&#8217;ll catch it!&#8221; exclaimed Tom; &#8220;you&#8217;d better
+not cut any more off.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Snip! went the great scissors again while Tom was speaking, and he
+couldn&#8217;t help feeling it was rather good fun; Maggie would look so
+queer.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Here, Tom, cut it behind for me,&#8221; said Maggie, excited by her own
+daring, and anxious to finish the deed.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span>&#8220;You&#8217;ll catch it, you know,&#8221; said Tom, nodding his head in an admonitory
+manner, and hesitating a little as he took the scissors.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Never mind, make haste!&#8221; said Maggie, giving a little stamp with her
+foot. Her cheeks were quite flushed.</p>
+
+<p>The black locks were so thick, nothing could be more tempting to a lad
+who had already tasted the forbidden pleasure of cutting the pony&#8217;s
+mane. I speak to those who know the satisfaction of making a pair of
+shears meet through a duly resisting mass of hair. One delicious
+grinding snip, and then another and another, and the hinder locks fell
+heavily on the floor, and Maggie stood cropped in a jagged, uneven
+manner, but with a sense of clearness and freedom, as if she had emerged
+from a wood into the open plain.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Maggie,&#8221; said Tom, jumping round her, and slapping his knees as he
+laughed, &#8220;Oh, my buttons! what a queer thing you look! Look at yourself
+in the glass; you look like the idiot we throw out nutshells to at
+school.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie felt an unexpected pang. She had thought beforehand chiefly of
+her own deliverance from her teasing hair and teasing remarks about it,
+and something also of the triumph she should have over her mother and
+her aunts by this very decided course of action; she didn&#8217;t want her
+hair to look pretty,&mdash;that was out of the question,&mdash;she only wanted
+people to think her a clever little girl, and not to find fault with
+her. But now, when Tom began to laugh at her, and say she was like the
+idiot, the affair had quite a new aspect. She looked in the glass, and
+still Tom laughed and clapped his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span> hands, and Maggie&#8217;s flushed cheeks
+began to pale, and her lips to tremble a little.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Maggie, you&#8217;ll have to go down to dinner directly,&#8221; said Tom. &#8220;Oh,
+my!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t laugh at me, Tom,&#8221; said Maggie, in a passionate tone, with an
+outburst of angry tears, stamping, and giving him a push.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now, then, spitfire!&#8221; said Tom. &#8220;What did you cut it off for, then? I
+shall go down: I can smell the dinner going in.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>He hurried downstairs and left poor Maggie to that bitter sense of the
+irrevocable which was almost an everyday experience of her small soul.
+She could see clearly enough, now the thing was done, that it was very
+foolish, and that she should have to hear and think more about her hair
+than ever; for Maggie rushed to her deeds with passionate impulse, and
+then saw not only their consequences, but what would have happened if
+they had not been done, with all the detail and exaggerated
+circumstances of an active imagination.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Miss Maggie, you&#8217;re to come down this minute,&#8221; said Kezia, entering the
+room hurriedly. &#8220;Lawks! what have you been a-doing? I niver <em>see</em> such a
+fright!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t, Kezia,&#8221; said Maggie, angrily. &#8220;Go away!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But I tell you you&#8217;re to come down, Miss, this minute; your mother says
+so,&#8221; said Kezia, going up to Maggie and taking her by the hand to raise
+her from the floor.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Get away, Kezia; I don&#8217;t want any dinner,&#8221; said Maggie, resisting
+Kezia&#8217;s arm. &#8220;I sha&#8217;n&#8217;t come.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span>&#8220;Oh, well, I can&#8217;t stay. I&#8217;ve got to wait at dinner,&#8221; said Kezia, going
+out again.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Maggie, you little silly,&#8221; said Tom, peeping into the room ten minutes
+after, &#8220;why don&#8217;t you come and have your dinner? There&#8217;s lots o&#8217;
+goodies, and mother says you&#8217;re to come. What are you crying for, you
+little spooney?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Oh, it was dreadful! Tom was so hard and unconcerned; if <em>he</em> had been
+crying on the floor, Maggie would have cried, too. And there was the
+dinner, so nice; and she was <em>so</em> hungry. It was very bitter.</p>
+
+<p>But Tom was not altogether hard. He was not inclined to cry, and did not
+feel that Maggie&#8217;s grief spoiled his prospect of the sweets; but he went
+and put his head near her, and said in a lower, comforting tone,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Won&#8217;t you come, then, Magsie? Shall I bring you a bit o&#8217; pudding when
+I&#8217;ve had mine, and a custard and things?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ye-e-es,&#8221; said Maggie, beginning to feel life a little more tolerable.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Very well,&#8221; said Tom, going away. But he turned again at the door and
+said, &#8220;But you&#8217;d better come, you know. There&#8217;s the dessert,&mdash;nuts, you
+know, and cowslip wine.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie&#8217;s tears had ceased, and she looked reflective as Tom left her.
+His good nature had taken off the keenest edge of her sufferings, and
+nuts with cowslip wine began to assert their legitimate influence.</p>
+
+<p>Slowly she rose from amongst her scattered locks, and slowly she made
+her way downstairs. Then she stood leaning with one shoulder against<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span>
+the frame of the dining-parlor door, peeping in when it was ajar. She
+saw Tom and Lucy with an empty chair between them, and there were the
+custards on a side table; it was too much. She slipped in and went
+toward the empty chair. But she had no sooner sat down than she repented
+and wished herself back again.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Tulliver gave a little scream as she saw her, and felt such a
+&#8220;turn&#8221; that she dropped the large gravy-spoon into the dish, with the
+most serious results to the tablecloth. For Kezia had not betrayed the
+reason of Maggie&#8217;s refusal to come down, not liking to give her mistress
+a shock in the moment of carving, and Mrs. Tulliver thought there was
+nothing worse in question than a fit of perverseness, which was
+inflicting its own punishment by depriving Maggie of half her dinner.</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Tulliver&#8217;s scream made all eyes turn toward the same point as her
+own, and Maggie&#8217;s cheeks and ears began to burn, while uncle Glegg, a
+kind-looking, white-haired old gentleman, said,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Heyday! what little gell&#8217;s this? Why, I don&#8217;t know her. Is it some
+little gell you&#8217;ve picked up in the road, Kezia?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, she&#8217;s gone and cut her hair herself,&#8221; said Mr. Tulliver in an
+undertone to Mr. Deane, laughing with much enjoyment. &#8220;Did you ever know
+such a little hussy as it is?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, little miss, you&#8217;ve made yourself look very funny,&#8221; said uncle
+Pullet, and perhaps he never in his life made an observation which was
+felt to be so lacerating.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Fie, for shame!&#8221; said aunt Glegg, in her loudest, severest tone of
+reproof. &#8220;Little gells as cut their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span> own hair should be whipped and fed
+on bread and water,&mdash;not come and sit down with their aunts and uncles.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ay, ay,&#8221; said uncle Glegg, meaning to give a playful turn to this
+denunciation, &#8220;she must be sent to jail, I think, and they&#8217;ll cut the
+rest of her hair off there, and make it all even.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;She&#8217;s more like a gypsy nor ever,&#8221; said aunt Pullet, in a pitying tone;
+&#8220;it&#8217;s very bad luck, sister, as the gell should be so brown; the boy&#8217;s
+fair enough. I doubt it&#8217;ll stand in her way i&#8217; life to be so brown.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;She&#8217;s a naughty child, as&#8217;ll break her mother&#8217;s heart,&#8221; said Mrs.
+Tulliver, with the tears in her eyes.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie seemed to be listening to a chorus of reproach and derision. Her
+first flush came from anger, which gave her a transient power of
+defiance, and Tom thought she was braving it out, supported by the
+recent appearance of the pudding and custard. Under this impression, he
+whispered, &#8220;Oh, my! Maggie, I told you you&#8217;d catch it.&#8221; He meant to be
+friendly, but Maggie felt convinced that Tom was rejoicing in her
+ignominy. Her feeble power of defiance left her in an instant, her heart
+swelled, and getting up from her chair, she ran to her father, hid her
+face on his shoulder, and burst out into loud sobbing.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Come, come, my wench,&#8221; said her father, soothingly, putting his arm
+round her, &#8220;never mind; you was i&#8217; the right to cut it off if it
+plagued you; give over crying; father&#8217;ll take your part.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Delicious words of tenderness! Maggie never forgot any of these moments
+when her father &#8220;took<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span> her part&#8221;; she kept them in her heart, and
+thought of them long years after, when every one else said that her
+father had done very ill by his children.</p>
+
+<p>With the dessert there came entire deliverance for Maggie, for the
+children were told they might have their nuts and wine in the
+summerhouse, since the day was so mild; and they scampered out among the
+building bushes of the garden with the alacrity of small animals getting
+from under a burning glass.</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section"><abbr title="Five">V</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapw"><span class="hide">W</span></span><span class="upper">hile</span> the possible troubles of Maggie&#8217;s future were occupying her
+father&#8217;s mind, she herself was tasting only bitterness of the present.
+Childhood has not forebodings; but then, it is soothed by no memories of
+out-lived sorrow.</p>
+
+<p>The fact was, the day had begun ill with Maggie. The pleasure of having
+Lucy to look at, and the prospect of the afternoon visit to Garum Firs,
+where she would hear uncle Pullet&#8217;s musical box, had been marred as
+early as eleven o&#8217;clock by the advent of the hairdresser from Saint
+Ogg&#8217;s, who had spoken in the severest terms of the condition in which he
+had found her hair, holding up one jagged lock after another and saying,
+&#8220;see here! tut, tut, tut!&#8221; in a tone of mingled disgust and pity, which
+to Maggie&#8217;s imagination was equivalent to the strongest expression of
+public opinion. Mr. Rappit, the hairdresser, with his well-anointed
+coronal locks tending wavily upward, like the simulated pyramid of flame
+on a monumental urn, seemed to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span> her at that moment the most formidable
+of her contemporaries, into whose street at Saint Ogg&#8217;s she would
+carefully refrain from entering through the rest of her life.</p>
+
+<p>Already, at twelve o&#8217;clock, Mrs. Tulliver had on her visiting costume,
+with a protective apparatus of brown holland, as if she had been a piece
+of satin furniture in danger of flies; Maggie was frowning and twisting
+her shoulders, that she might if possible shrink away from the
+prickliest of tuckers, while her mother was remonstrating, &#8220;Don&#8217;t,
+Maggie, my dear; don&#8217;t make yourself so ugly!&#8221; and Tom&#8217;s cheeks were
+looking particularly brilliant as a relief to his best blue suit, which
+he wore with becoming calmness, having, after a little wrangling,
+effected what was always the one point of interest to him in his toilet:
+he had transferred all the contents of his everyday pockets to those
+actually in wear.</p>
+
+<p>As for Lucy, she was just as pretty and neat as she had been yesterday;
+no accidents ever happened to her clothes, and she was never
+uncomfortable in them, so that she looked with wondering pity at Maggie,
+pouting and writhing under the exasperating tucker. Maggie would
+certainly have torn it off, if she had not been checked by the
+remembrance of her recent humiliation about her hair; as it was, she
+confined herself to fretting and twisting, and behaving peevishly about
+the card houses which they were allowed to build till dinner, as a
+suitable amusement for boys and girls in their best clothes. Tom could
+build perfect pyramids of houses; but Maggie&#8217;s would never bear the
+laying on the roof. It was always so with the things that Maggie made;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span>
+and Tom had deduced the conclusion that no girls could ever make
+anything. But it happened that Lucy proved wonderfully clever at
+building; she handled the cards so lightly, and moved so gently, that
+Tom condescended to admire her houses as well as his own, the more
+readily because she had asked him to teach her. Maggie, too, would have
+admired Lucy&#8217;s houses, and would have given up her own unsuccessful
+building to contemplate them, without ill temper, if her tucker had not
+made her peevish, and if Tom had not inconsiderately laughed when her
+houses fell, and told her she was &#8220;a stupid.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t laugh at me, Tom!&#8221; she burst out angrily; &#8220;I&#8217;m not a stupid. I
+know a great many things you don&#8217;t.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, I dare say, Miss Spitfire! I&#8217;d never be such a cross thing as you,
+making faces like that. Lucy doesn&#8217;t do so. I like Lucy better than you;
+<em>I</em> wish Lucy was <em>my</em> sister.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then it&#8217;s very wicked and cruel of you to wish so,&#8221; said Maggie,
+starting up hurriedly from her place on the floor, and upsetting Tom&#8217;s
+wonderful pagoda.</p>
+
+<p>She really did not mean it, but the circumstantial evidence was against
+her, and Tom turned white with anger, but said nothing; he would have
+struck her, only he knew it was cowardly to strike a girl, and Tom
+<a name="corr8" id="corr8"></a>Tulliver was quite determined he would never do anything cowardly.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie stood in dismay and terror, while Tom got up from the floor and
+walked away, pale, from the scattered ruins of his pagoda, and Lucy
+looked on mutely, like a kitten pausing from its lapping.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span>&#8220;Oh, Tom,&#8221; said Maggie, at last, going halfway toward him, &#8220;I didn&#8217;t
+mean to knock it down,&mdash;indeed, indeed I didn&#8217;t.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Tom took no notice of her, but took, instead, two or three hard peas out
+of his pocket, and shot them with his thumb-nail against the window,
+vaguely at first, but presently with the distinct aim of hitting a
+superannuated blue bottle which was exposing its imbecility in the
+spring sunshine, clearly against the views of Nature, who had provided
+Tom and the peas for the speedy destruction of this weak individual.</p>
+
+<p>Thus the morning had been made heavy to Maggie, and Tom&#8217;s persistent
+coldness to her all through their walk spoiled the fresh air and
+sunshine for her. He called Lucy to look at the half-built bird&#8217;s nest
+without caring to show it to Maggie, and peeled a willow switch for Lucy
+and himself, without offering one to Maggie. Lucy had said, &#8220;Maggie,
+shouldn&#8217;t <em>you</em> like one?&#8221; but Tom was deaf.</p>
+
+<p>Still, the sight of the peacock opportunely spreading his tail on the
+stackyard wall, just as they reached Garum Firs, was enough to divert
+the mind temporarily from personal grievances. And this was only the
+beginning of beautiful sights at Garum Firs. All the farmyard life was
+wonderful there,&mdash;bantams, speckled and topknotted; Friesland hens, with
+their feathers all turned the wrong way; Guinea fowls that flew and
+screamed and dropped their pretty spotted feathers; pouter pigeons and a
+tame magpie; nay, a goat, and a wonderful brindled dog, half mastiff,
+half bulldog, as large as a lion. Then there were white railings and
+white gates all about, and glittering weathercocks<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span> of various design,
+and garden walks paved with pebbles in beautiful patterns,&mdash;nothing was
+quite common at Garum Firs; and Tom thought that the unusual size of the
+toads there was simply due to the general unusualness which
+characterized uncle Pullet&#8217;s possessions as a gentleman farmer. Toads
+who paid rent were naturally leaner. As for the house, it was not less
+remarkable; it had a receding centre, and two wings with battlemented
+turrets, and was covered with glittering white stucco.</p>
+
+<p>The small demons who had taken possession of Maggie&#8217;s soul at an earlier
+period of the day had returned in all the greater force after a
+temporary absence. All the disagreeable recollections of the morning
+were thick upon her, when Tom said, &#8220;Here, Lucy, you come along with
+me,&#8221; and walked off to the area where the toads were, as if there were
+no Maggie in existence. Seeing this, Maggie lingered at a distance,
+looking like a small Medusa with her snakes cropped. Lucy was naturally
+pleased that cousin Tom was so good to her, and it was very amusing to
+see him tickling a fat toad with a piece of string when the toad was
+safe down the area, with an iron grating over him. Still Lucy wished
+Maggie to enjoy the spectacle also, especially as she would doubtless
+find a name for the toad, and say what had been his past history; for
+Lucy had a delighted semi-belief in Maggie&#8217;s stories about the live
+things they came upon by accident,&mdash;how Mrs. Earwig had a wash at home,
+and one of her children had fallen into the hot copper, for which reason
+she was running so fast to fetch the doctor. Tom had a profound contempt
+for this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span> nonsense of Maggie&#8217;s, smashing the earwig at once as a
+superfluous yet easy means of proving the entire unreality of such a
+story; but Lucy, for the life of her, could not help fancying there was
+something in it, and at all events thought it was very pretty
+make-believe. So now the desire to know the history of a very portly
+toad, added to her habitual affectionateness, made her run to Maggie and
+say, &#8220;Oh, there is such a big, funny toad, Maggie! Do come and see!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie said nothing, but turned away from her with a deeper frown. As
+long as Tom seemed to prefer Lucy to her, Lucy made part of his
+unkindness. Maggie would have thought a little while ago that she could
+never be cross with pretty little Lucy, any more than she could be cruel
+to a little white mouse; but then, Tom had always been quite indifferent
+to Lucy before, and it had been left to Maggie to pet and make much of
+her. As it was, she was actually beginning to think that she should like
+to make Lucy cry by slapping or pinching her, especially as it might vex
+Tom, whom it was of no use to slap, even if she dared, because he didn&#8217;t
+mind it. And if Lucy hadn&#8217;t been there, Maggie was sure he would have
+got friends with her sooner.</p>
+
+<p>Tickling a fat toad who is not highly sensitive is an amusement that it
+is possible to exhaust, and Tom by and by began to look round for some
+other mode of passing the time. But in so prim a garden, where they were
+not to go off the paved walks, there was not a great choice of sport.
+The only great pleasure such a restriction suggested was the pleasure of
+breaking it, and Tom began to meditate an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span> insurrectionary visit to the
+pond, about a field&#8217;s length beyond the garden.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I say, Lucy,&#8221; he began, nodding his head up and down with great
+significance, as he coiled up his string again, &#8220;what do you think I
+mean to do?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What, Tom?&#8221; said Lucy, with curiosity.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I mean to go to the pond and look at the pike. You may go with me if
+you like,&#8221; said the young sultan.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, Tom, <em>dare</em> you?&#8221; said Lucy. &#8220;Aunt said we mustn&#8217;t go out of the
+garden.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, I shall go out at the other end of the garden,&#8221; said Tom. &#8220;Nobody
+&#8217;ull see us. Besides, I don&#8217;t care if they do,&mdash;I&#8217;ll run off home.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But <em>I</em> couldn&#8217;t run,&#8221; said Lucy, who had never before been exposed to
+such severe temptation.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, never mind; they won&#8217;t be cross with <em>you</em>,&#8221; said Tom. &#8220;You say I
+took you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Tom walked along, and Lucy trotted by his side, timidly enjoying the
+rare treat of doing something naughty,&mdash;excited also by the mention of
+that celebrity, the pike, about which she was quite uncertain whether it
+was a fish or a fowl. Maggie saw them leaving the garden, and could not
+resist the impulse to follow. Anger and jealousy can no more bear to
+lose sight of their objects than love, and that Tom and Lucy should do
+or see anything of which she was ignorant would have been an intolerable
+idea to Maggie. So she kept a few yards behind them, unobserved by Tom,
+who was presently absorbed in watching for the pike,&mdash;a highly
+interesting monster; he was said to be so very old, so very large, and
+to have such a remarkable appetite. The pike, like other celebrities,
+did<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span> not show when he was watched for, but Tom caught sight of something
+in rapid movement in the water, which attracted him to another spot on
+the brink of the pond.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<a name="image34" id="image34"></a><a href="images/image34-full.png"><img src="images/image34.png" width="250" height="297" alt="Two children standing by the edge of a pond" title="&#8220;HERE, LUCY!&#8221;" /></a>
+<span class="caption">&#8220;HERE, LUCY!&#8221;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>&#8220;Here, Lucy!&#8221; he said in a loud whisper, &#8220;come here! take care! keep on
+the grass!&mdash;don&#8217;t step where the cows have been!&#8221; he added, pointing to
+a peninsula of dry grass, with trodden mud on each<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span> side of it; for
+Tom&#8217;s contemptuous conception of a girl included the attribute of being
+unfit to walk in dirty places.</p>
+
+<p>Lucy came carefully as she was bidden, and bent down to look at what
+seemed a golden arrowhead darting through the water. It was a water
+snake, Tom told her; and Lucy at last could see the serpentine wave of
+its body, very much wondering that a snake could swim. Maggie had drawn
+nearer and nearer; she <em>must</em> see it too, though it was bitter to her,
+like everything else, since Tom did not care about her seeing it. At
+last she was close by Lucy; and Tom, who had been aware of her approach,
+but would not notice it till he was obliged, turned round and said,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now, get away, Maggie; there&#8217;s no room for you on the grass here.
+Nobody asked <em>you</em> to come.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>There were passions at war in Maggie at that moment to have made a
+tragedy, if tragedies were made by passion only; the utmost Maggie could
+do, with a fierce thrust of her small brown arm, was to push poor little
+pink-and-white Lucy into the cow-trodden mud.</p>
+
+<p>Then Tom could not restrain himself, and gave Maggie two smart slaps on
+the arm as he ran to pick up Lucy, who lay crying helplessly. Maggie
+retreated to the roots of a tree a few yards off, and looked on
+impenitently. Usually her repentance came quickly after one rash deed,
+but now Tom and Lucy had made her so miserable, she was glad to spoil
+their happiness,&mdash;glad to make everybody uncomfortable. Why should she
+be sorry? Tom was very slow to forgive <em>her</em>, however sorry she might
+have been.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span>&#8220;I shall tell mother, you know, Miss Mag,&#8221; said Tom, loudly and
+emphatically, as soon as Lucy was up and ready to walk away. Lucy was
+too entirely absorbed by the evil that had befallen her,&mdash;the spoiling
+of her pretty best clothes, and the discomfort of being wet and
+dirty,&mdash;to think much of the cause, which was entirely mysterious to
+her. She could never have guessed what she had done to make Maggie angry
+with her; but she felt that Maggie was very unkind and disagreeable, and
+made no magnanimous entreaties to Tom that he would not &#8220;tell,&#8221; only
+running along by his side and crying piteously, while Maggie sat on the
+roots of the tree and looked after them with her small Medusa face.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Sally,&#8221; said Tom, when they reached the kitchen door, and Sally looked
+at them in speechless amaze, with a piece of bread-and-butter in her
+mouth and a toasting-fork in her hand,&mdash;&#8220;Sally, tell mother it was
+Maggie pushed Lucy into the mud.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But Lors ha&#8217; massy, how did you get near such mud as that?&#8221; said Sally,
+making a wry face, as she stooped down and examined the <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">corpus
+delicti</em>.</p>
+
+<p>Tom&#8217;s imagination had not been rapid and capacious enough to include
+this question among the foreseen consequences, but it was no sooner put
+than he foresaw whither it tended, and that Maggie would not be
+considered the only culprit in the case. He walked quietly away from the
+kitchen door, leaving Sally to that pleasure of guessing which active
+minds notoriously prefer to ready-made knowledge.</p>
+
+<p>Sally lost no time in presenting Lucy at the parlor door, for to have so
+dirty an object introduced<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span> into the house at Garum Firs was too great a
+weight to be sustained by a single mind.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Goodness gracious!&#8221; aunt Pullet exclaimed, after preluding by an
+inarticulate scream; &#8220;keep her at the door, Sally! Don&#8217;t bring her off
+the oilcloth, whatever you do.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, she&#8217;s tumbled into some nasty mud,&#8221; said Mrs. Tulliver, going up
+to Lucy to examine into the amount of damage to clothes for which she
+felt herself responsible to her sister Deane.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;If you please, &#8217;um, it was Miss Maggie as pushed her in,&#8221; said Sally;
+&#8220;Master Tom&#8217;s been and said so, and they must ha&#8217; been to the pond, for
+it&#8217;s only there they could ha&#8217; got into such dirt.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There it is, Bessy; it&#8217;s what I&#8217;ve been telling you,&#8221; said Mrs. Pullet,
+in a tone of prophetic sadness; &#8220;it&#8217;s your children,&mdash;there&#8217;s no knowing
+what they&#8217;ll come to.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Tulliver was mute, feeling herself a truly wretched mother. As
+usual, the thought pressed upon her that people would think she had done
+something wicked to deserve her maternal troubles, while Mrs. Pullet
+began to give elaborate directions to Sally how to guard the premises
+from serious injury in the course of removing the dirt. Meantime tea was
+to be brought in by the cook, and the two naughty children were to have
+theirs in an ignominious manner in the kitchen. Mrs. Tulliver went out
+to speak to these naughty children, supposing them to be close at hand;
+but it was not until after some search that she found Tom leaning with a
+careless air against the white paling of the poultry yard, and lowering
+his piece of string on the other side as a means of exasperating the
+turkey cock.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span>&#8220;Tom, you naughty boy, where&#8217;s your sister?&#8221; said Mrs. Tulliver, in a
+distressed voice.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know,&#8221; said Tom; his eagerness for justice on Maggie had
+diminished since he had seen clearly that it could hardly be brought
+about without the injustice of some blame on his own conduct.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, where did you leave her?&#8221; said the mother, looking round.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Sitting under the tree, against the pond,&#8221; said Tom, apparently
+indifferent to everything but the string and the turkey cock.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then go and fetch her in this minute, you naughty boy. And how could
+you think o&#8217; going to the pond, and taking your sister where there was
+dirt? You know she&#8217;ll do mischief if there&#8217;s mischief to be done.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>It was Mrs. Tulliver&#8217;s way, if she blamed Tom, to refer his misdemeanor,
+somehow or other, to Maggie.</p>
+
+<p>The idea of Maggie sitting alone by the pond roused an habitual fear in
+Mrs. Tulliver&#8217;s mind, and she mounted the horse block to satisfy herself
+by a sight of that fatal child, while Tom walked&mdash;not very quickly&mdash;on
+his way toward her.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;They&#8217;re such children for the water, mine are,&#8221; she said aloud, without
+reflecting that there was no one to hear her; &#8220;they&#8217;ll be brought in
+dead and drownded some day. I wish that river was far enough.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But when she not only failed to discern Maggie, but presently saw Tom
+returning from the pool alone, this hovering fear entered and took
+complete possession of her, and she hurried to meet him.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span>&#8220;Maggie&#8217;s nowhere about the pond, mother,&#8221; said Tom; &#8220;she&#8217;s gone away.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>You may conceive the terrified search for Maggie, and the difficulty of
+convincing her mother that she was not in the pond. Mrs. Pullet observed
+that the child might come to a worse end if she lived, there was no
+knowing; and Mr. Pullet reached down a key to the goose-pen as a likely
+place for Maggie to lie concealed in.</p>
+
+<p>Tom, after a while, started the idea that Maggie was gone home, and the
+suggestion was seized as a comfort by his mother.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Sister, for goodness&#8217; sake let &#8217;em put the horse in the carriage and
+take me home; we shall perhaps find her on the road. Lucy can&#8217;t walk in
+her dirty clothes,&#8221; she said, looking at that innocent victim, who was
+wrapped up in a shawl, and sitting with naked feet on the sofa.</p>
+
+<p>Aunt Pullet was quite willing to take the shortest means of restoring
+her premises to order and quiet, and it was not long before Mrs.
+Tulliver was in the chaise, looking anxiously at the most distant point
+before her. What the father would say if Maggie was lost, was a question
+that predominated over every other.</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section"><abbr title="Six">VI</abbr></h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapm"><span class="hide">M</span></span><span class="upper">aggie&#8217;s</span> intentions, as usual, were on a larger scale than Tom had
+imagined. The resolution that gathered in her mind, after Tom and Lucy
+had walked away, was not so simple as that of going home. No! she would
+run away and go to the gypsies, and Tom should never see her any more.
+That was by no means<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span> a new idea to Maggie; she had been so often told
+she was like a gypsy, and &#8220;half wild,&#8221; that when she was miserable it
+seemed to her the only way of escaping opprobrium, and being entirely in
+harmony with circumstances, would be to live in a little brown tent on
+the commons; the gypsies, she considered, would gladly receive her and
+pay her much respect on account of her superior knowledge. She had once
+mentioned her views on this point to Tom, and suggested that he should
+stain his face brown, and they should run away together; but Tom
+rejected the scheme with contempt, observing that gypsies were thieves,
+and hardly got anything to eat, and had nothing to drive but a donkey.
+To-day, however, Maggie thought her misery had reached a pitch at which
+gypsydom was her only refuge, and she rose from her seat on the roots of
+the tree with the sense that this was a great crisis in her life; she
+would run straight away till she came to Dunlow Common, where there
+would certainly be gypsies; and cruel Tom, and the rest of her relations
+who found fault with her, should never see her any more. She thought of
+her father as she ran along, but she reconciled herself to the idea of
+parting with him, by determining that she would secretly send him a
+letter by a small gypsy, who would run away without telling where she
+was, and just let him know that she was well and happy, and always loved
+him very much.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie soon got out of breath with running, but by the time Tom got to
+the pond again she was at the distance of three long fields, and was on
+the edge of the lane leading to the highroad. She stopped to pant a
+little, reflecting that running<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span> away was not a pleasant thing until one
+had got quite to the common where the gypsies were, but her resolution
+had not abated; she presently passed through the gate into the lane, not
+knowing where it would lead her; for it was not this way that they came
+from Dorlcote Mill to Garum Firs, and she felt all the safer for that,
+because there was no chance of her being overtaken. But she was soon
+aware, not without trembling, that there were two men coming along the
+lane in front of her; she had not thought of meeting strangers, she had
+been too much occupied with the idea of her friends coming after her.
+The formidable strangers were two shabby-looking men with flushed faces,
+one of them carrying a bundle on a stick over his shoulder; but to her
+surprise, while she was dreading their disapprobation as a runaway, the
+man with the bundle stopped, and in a half-whining, half-coaxing tone
+asked her if she had a copper to give a poor man. Maggie had a sixpence
+in her pocket, which she immediately drew out and gave this poor man
+with a polite smile, hoping that he would feel very kindly toward her as
+a generous person. &#8220;That&#8217;s the only money I&#8217;ve got,&#8221; she said
+apologetically. &#8220;Thank you, little miss,&#8221; said the man, in a less
+respectful and grateful tone than Maggie anticipated, and she even
+observed that he smiled and winked at his companion. She walked on
+hurriedly, but was aware that the two men were standing still, probably
+to look after her, and she presently heard them laughing loudly.
+Suddenly it occurred to her that they might think she was an idiot; Tom
+had said that her cropped hair made her look like an idiot, and it was
+too painful an idea to be readily forgotten.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span> Besides, she had no
+sleeves on&mdash;only a cape and a bonnet. It was clear that she was not
+likely to make a favorable impression on passengers, and she thought she
+would turn into the fields again.</p>
+
+<p>She turned through the first gate that was not locked, and felt a
+delightful sense of privacy in creeping along by the hedgerows, after
+her recent humiliating encounter. She was used to wandering about the
+fields by herself, and was less timid there than on the highroad.
+Sometimes she had to climb over high gates, but that was a small evil;
+she was getting out of reach very fast, and she would probably soon come
+within sight of Dunlow Common, or at least of some other common, for she
+had heard her father say that she couldn&#8217;t go very far without coming to
+a common. She hoped so, for she was getting rather tired and hungry, and
+until she reached the gypsies there was no definite prospect of bread
+and butter. It was still broad daylight; so though it was nearly an hour
+since Maggie started, there was no gathering gloom on the fields to
+remind her that the night would come. Still, it seemed to her that she
+had been walking a very great distance indeed, and it was really
+surprising that the common did not come within sight.</p>
+
+<p>At last, however, the green fields came to an end, and Maggie found
+herself looking through the bars of a gate into a lane with a wide
+margin of grass on each side of it. She had never seen such a wide lane
+before, and, without her knowing why, it gave her the impression that
+the common could not be far off; perhaps it was because she saw a donkey
+with a log to his foot feeding on the grassy margin, for she had seen a
+donkey with that pitiable encumbrance<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span> on Dunlow Common when she had
+been across it in her father&#8217;s gig. She crept through the bars of the
+gate and walked on with new spirit, though not without haunting images
+of Apollyon, and a highwayman with a pistol, and a blinking dwarf in
+yellow with a mouth from ear to ear, and other miscellaneous dangers.
+For poor little Maggie had at once the timidity of an active
+imagination, and the daring that comes from over-mastering impulse. She
+had rushed into the adventure of seeking her unknown kindred, the
+gypsies; and now she was in this strange lane, she hardly dared look on
+one side of her, lest she should see the diabolical blacksmith in his
+leathern apron grinning at her with arms akimbo. It was not without a
+leaping of the heart that she caught sight of a small pair of bare legs
+sticking up, feet uppermost, by the side of a hillock; they seemed
+something hideously preternatural,&mdash;a diabolical kind of fungus; for she
+was too much agitated at the first glance to see the ragged clothes and
+the dark shaggy head attached to them. It was a boy asleep, and Maggie
+trotted along faster and more lightly, lest she should wake him; it did
+not occur to her that he was one of her friends the gypsies, who in all
+probability would have very genial manners. But the fact was so, for at
+the next bend in the lane Maggie actually saw the little semi-circular
+black tent with the blue smoke rising before it, which was to be her
+refuge from all the blighting obloquy that had pursued her in civilized
+life. She even saw a tall female figure by the column of smoke,
+doubtless the gypsy-mother, who provided the tea and other groceries; it
+was astonishing to herself that she did not feel<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span> more delight. But it
+was startling to find the gypsies in a lane, after all, and not on a
+common; indeed, it was rather disappointing; for a mysterious
+illimitable common, where there were sand pits to hide in, and one was
+out of everybody&#8217;s reach, had always made part of Maggie&#8217;s picture of
+gypsy life. She went on, however, and thought with some comfort that
+gypsies most likely knew nothing about idiots, so there was no danger of
+their falling into the mistake of setting her down at the first glance
+as an idiot.</p>
+
+<p>It was plain she had attracted attention; for the tall figure, who
+proved to be a young woman with a baby on her arm, walked slowly to meet
+her. Maggie looked up in the new face rather tremblingly as it
+approached, and was reassured by the thought that her aunt Pullet and
+the rest were right when they called her a gypsy; for this face, with
+the bright dark eyes and the long hair, was really something like what
+she used to see in the glass before she cut her hair off.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;My little lady, where are you going to?&#8221; the gypsy said, in a tone of
+coaxing deference.</p>
+
+<p>It was delightful, and just what Maggie expected; the gypsies saw at
+once that she was a little lady, and were prepared to treat her
+accordingly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Not any farther,&#8221; said Maggie, feeling as if she were saying what she
+had rehearsed in a dream. &#8220;I&#8217;m come to stay with <em>you</em>, please.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s pretty; come, then. Why, what a nice little lady you are, to be
+sure!&#8221; said the gypsy, taking her by the hand. Maggie thought her very
+agreeable, but wished she had not been so dirty.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span>There was quite a group round the fire when they reached it. An old
+gypsy woman was seated on the ground nursing her knees, and occasionally
+poking a skewer into the round kettle that sent forth an odorous steam;
+two small shock-headed children were lying prone and resting on their
+elbows something like small sphinxes; and a placid donkey was bending
+his head over a tall girl, who, lying on her back, was scratching his
+nose and indulging him with a bite of excellent stolen hay. The slanting
+sunlight fell kindly upon them, and the scene was really very pretty and
+comfortable, Maggie thought, only she hoped they would soon set out the
+teacups. Everything would be quite charming when she had taught the
+gypsies to use a washing basin, and to feel an interest in books. It was
+a little confusing, though, that the young woman began to speak to the
+old one in a language which Maggie did not understand, while the tall
+girl, who was feeding the donkey, sat up and stared at her without
+offering any salutation. At last the old woman said,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What! my pretty lady, are you come to stay with us? Sit ye down and
+tell us where you come from.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>It was just like a story; Maggie liked to be called pretty lady and
+treated in this way. She sat down and said,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;m come from home because I&#8217;m unhappy, and I mean to be a gypsy. I&#8217;ll
+live with you if you like, and I can teach you a great many things.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Such a clever little lady,&#8221; said the woman with the baby, sitting down
+by Maggie, and allowing baby to crawl; &#8220;and such a pretty bonnet and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span>
+frock,&#8221; she added, taking off Maggie&#8217;s bonnet and looking at it while
+she made an observation to the old woman, in the unknown language. The
+tall girl snatched the bonnet and put it on her own head hind-foremost
+with a grin; but Maggie was determined not to show any weakness on this
+subject, as if she were susceptible about her bonnet.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t want to wear a bonnet,&#8221; she said; &#8220;I&#8217;d rather wear a red
+handkerchief, like yours&#8221; (looking at her friend by her side). &#8220;My hair
+was quite long till yesterday, when I cut it off; but I dare say it will
+grow again very soon,&#8221; she added apologetically, thinking it probable
+the gypsies had a strong prejudice in favor of long hair. And Maggie had
+forgotten even her hunger at that moment in the desire to conciliate
+gypsy opinion.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, what a nice little lady!&mdash;and rich, I&#8217;m sure,&#8221; said the old woman.
+&#8220;Didn&#8217;t you live in a beautiful house at home?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, my home is pretty, and I&#8217;m very fond of the river, where we go
+fishing, but I&#8217;m often very unhappy. I should have liked to bring my
+books with me, but I came away in a hurry, you know. But I can tell you
+almost everything there is in my books, I&#8217;ve read them so many times,
+and that will amuse you. And I can tell you something about Geography
+too&mdash;that&#8217;s about the world we live in&mdash;very useful and interesting. Did
+you ever hear about Columbus?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie&#8217;s eyes had begun to sparkle and her cheeks to flush&mdash;she was
+really beginning to instruct the gypsies, and gaining great influence
+over them. The gypsies themselves were not without amazement at this
+talk, though their attention was divided<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span> by the contents of Maggie&#8217;s
+pocket, which the friend at her right hand had by this time emptied
+without attracting her notice.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Is that where you live, my little lady?&#8221; said the old woman, at the
+mention of Columbus.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, no!&#8221; said Maggie, with some pity; &#8220;Columbus was a very wonderful
+man, who found out half the world, and they put chains on him and
+treated him very badly, you know; it&#8217;s in my Catechism of Geography, but
+perhaps it&#8217;s rather too long to tell before tea&mdash;<em>I want my tea so</em>.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The last words burst from Maggie, in spite of herself, with a sudden
+drop from patronizing instruction to simple peevishness.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why she&#8217;s hungry, poor little lady,&#8221; said the younger woman. &#8220;Give her
+some o&#8217; the cold victual. You&#8217;re been walking a good way, I&#8217;ll be bound,
+my dear. Where&#8217;s your home?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It&#8217;s Dorlcote Mill, a good way off,&#8221; said Maggie. &#8220;My father is Mr.
+Tulliver, but we mustn&#8217;t let him know where I am, else he&#8217;ll fetch me
+home again. Where does the queen of the gypsies live?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What! do you want to go to her, my little lady?&#8221; said the younger
+woman. The tall girl meanwhile was constantly staring at Maggie and
+grinning. Her manners were certainly not agreeable.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No,&#8221; said Maggie, &#8220;I&#8217;m only thinking that if she isn&#8217;t a very good
+queen you might be glad when she died, and you could choose another. If
+I was a queen, I&#8217;d be a very good queen, and kind to everybody.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Here&#8217;s a bit o&#8217; nice victual, then,&#8221; said the old woman, handing to
+Maggie a lump of dry bread, and a piece of cold bacon.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span>&#8220;Thank you,&#8221; said Maggie, looking at the food without taking it; &#8220;but
+will you give me some bread-and-butter and tea instead? I don&#8217;t like
+bacon.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;We&#8217;ve got no tea nor butter,&#8221; said the old woman, with something like a
+scowl, as if she were getting tired of coaxing.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, a little bread and treacle would do,&#8221; said Maggie.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;We han&#8217;t got no treacle,&#8221; said the old woman, crossly, whereupon there
+followed a sharp dialogue between the two women in their unknown tongue,
+and one of the small sphinxes snatched at the bread and bacon, and began
+to eat it. At this moment the tall girl, who had gone a few yards off,
+came back, and said something which produced a strong effect. The old
+woman, seeming to forget Maggie&#8217;s hunger, poked the skewer into the pot
+with new vigor, and the younger crept under the tent, and reached out
+some platters and spoons. Maggie trembled a little, and was afraid the
+tears would come into her eyes. Meanwhile the tall girl gave a shrill
+cry, and presently came running up the boy whom Maggie had passed as he
+was sleeping,&mdash;a rough urchin about the age of Tom. He stared at Maggie,
+and there ensued much incomprehensible chattering. She felt very lonely,
+and was quite sure she should begin to cry before long; the gypsies
+didn&#8217;t seem to mind her at all, and she felt quite weak among them. But
+the springing tears were checked by new terror, when two men came up,
+whose approach had been the cause of the sudden excitement. The elder of
+the two carried a bag, which he flung down, addressing the women in a
+loud and scolding tone, which they answered by a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span> shower of treble
+sauciness; while a black cur ran barking up to Maggie, and threw her
+into a tremor that only found a new cause in the curses with which the
+younger man called the dog off, and gave him a rap with a great stick he
+held in his hand.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie felt that it was impossible she should ever be queen of these
+people, or ever communicate to them amusing and useful knowledge.</p>
+
+<p>Both the men now seemed to be inquiring about Maggie, for they looked at
+her, and the tone of the conversation became of that pacific kind which
+implies curiosity on one side and the power of satisfying it on the
+other. At last the younger woman said in her previous deferential,
+coaxing tone,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;This nice little lady&#8217;s come to live with us; aren&#8217;t you glad?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ay, very glad,&#8221; said the younger man, who was looking at Maggie&#8217;s
+silver thimble and other small matters that had been taken from her
+pocket. He returned them all except the thimble to the younger woman,
+with some observation, and she immediately restored them to Maggie&#8217;s
+pocket, while the men seated themselves, and began to attack the
+contents of the kettle,&mdash;a stew of meat and potatoes,&mdash;which had been
+taken off the fire and turned out into a yellow platter.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie began to think that Tom must be right about the gypsies; they
+must certainly be thieves, unless the man meant to return her thimble by
+and by. She would willingly have given it to him, for she was not at all
+attached to her thimble; but the idea that she was among thieves
+prevented her from feeling any comfort in the revival of deference and
+attention toward her; all thieves, except Robin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span> Hood, were wicked
+people. The women saw she was frightened.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;We&#8217;ve got nothing nice for a lady to eat,&#8221; said the old woman, in her
+coaxing tone. &#8220;And she&#8217;s so hungry, sweet little lady.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Here, my dear, try if you can eat a bit o&#8217; this,&#8221; said the younger
+woman, handing some of the stew on a brown dish with an iron spoon to
+Maggie, who, remembering that the old woman had seemed angry with her
+for not liking the bread and bacon, dared not refuse the stew, though
+fear had chased away her appetite. If her father would but come by in
+the gig and take her up! Or even if Jack the Giantkiller, or Mr.
+Greatheart, or Saint George who slew the dragon on the half-pennies,
+would happen to pass that way! But Maggie thought with a sinking heart
+that these heroes were never seen in the neighborhood of Saint Ogg&#8217;s;
+nothing very wonderful ever came there.</p>
+
+<p>Maggie Tulliver, you perceive, was by no means that well-trained,
+well-informed young person that a small female of eight or nine
+necessarily is in these days; she had only been to school a year at
+Saint Ogg&#8217;s, and had so few books that she sometimes read the
+dictionary; so that in traveling over her small mind you would have
+found the most unexpected ignorance as well as unexpected knowledge. She
+could have informed you that there was such a word as &#8220;polygamy,&#8221; and
+being also acquainted with &#8220;polysyllable,&#8221; she had deduced the
+conclusion that &#8220;poly&#8221; meant &#8220;many&#8221;; but she had had no idea that
+gypsies were not well supplied with groceries, and her thoughts were the
+oddest mixture of clear-eyed acumen and blind dreams.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span>Her ideas about the gypsies had undergone a rapid modification in the
+last five minutes. From having considered them very respectful
+companions, amenable to instruction, she had begun to think that they
+meant perhaps to kill her as soon as it was dark, and cut up her body
+for gradual cooking; the suspicion crossed her that the fierce-eyed old
+man was in fact the Devil, who might drop that transparent disguise at
+any moment, and turn either into a grinning blacksmith, or else a
+fiery-eyed monster with dragon&#8217;s wings. It was no use trying to eat the
+stew, and yet the thing she most dreaded was to offend the gypsies, by
+betraying her extremely unfavorable opinion of them; and she wondered,
+with a keenness of interest that no theologian could have exceeded,
+whether, if the Devil were really present, he would know her thoughts.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What! you don&#8217;t like the smell of it, my dear,&#8221; said the young woman,
+observing that Maggie did not even take a spoonful of the stew. &#8220;Try a
+bit, come.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, thank you,&#8221; said Maggie, summoning all her force for a desperate
+effort, and trying to smile in a friendly way. &#8220;I haven&#8217;t time, I think;
+it seems getting darker. I think I must go home now, and come again
+another day, and then I can bring you a basket with some jam-tarts and
+things.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Maggie rose from her seat as she threw out this illusory prospect,
+devoutly hoping that Apollyon was gullible; but her hope sank when the
+old gypsy woman said, &#8220;Stop a bit, stop a bit, little lady; we&#8217;ll take
+you home, all safe, when we&#8217;ve done supper; you shall ride home, like a
+lady.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span>Maggie sat down again, with little faith in this promise, though she
+presently saw the tall girl putting a bridle on the donkey, and throwing
+a couple of bags on his back.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now, then, little missis,&#8221; said the younger man, rising, and leading
+the donkey forward, &#8220;tell us where you live; what&#8217;s the name of the
+place?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Dorlcote Mill is my home,&#8221; said Maggie, eagerly. &#8220;My father is Mr.
+Tulliver; he lives there.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What! a big mill a little way this side o&#8217; Saint Ogg&#8217;s?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes,&#8221; said Maggie. &#8220;Is it far off? I think I should like to walk there,
+if you please.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, no, it&#8217;ll be getting dark, we must make haste. And the donkey&#8217;ll
+carry you as nice as can be; you&#8217;ll see.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>He lifted Maggie as he spoke, and set her on the donkey. She felt
+relieved that it was not the old man who seemed to be going with her,
+but she had only a trembling hope that she was really going home.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Here&#8217;s your pretty bonnet,&#8221; said the younger woman, putting that
+recently despised but now welcome article of costume on Maggie&#8217;s head;
+&#8220;and you&#8217;ll say we&#8217;ve been very good to you, won&#8217;t you? and what a nice
+little lady we said you was.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh yes, thank you,&#8221; said Maggie, &#8220;I&#8217;m very much obliged to you. But I
+wish you&#8217;d go with me too.&#8221; She thought anything was better than going
+with one of the dreadful men alone; it would be more cheerful to be
+murdered by a larger party.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ah, you&#8217;re fondest o&#8217; <em>me</em>, aren&#8217;t you?&#8221; said the woman. &#8220;But I can&#8217;t
+go; you&#8217;ll go too fast for me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 253px;">
+<a name="image35" id="image35"></a><a href="images/image35-full.png"><img src="images/image35.png" width="253" height="307" alt="A girl sitting on a donkey, with a gypsy on either side" title="&#8220;AH, YOU&#8217;RE FONDEST O&#8217; ME, AREN&#8217;T YOU?&#8221;" /></a>
+<span class="caption">&#8220;AH, YOU&#8217;RE FONDEST O&#8217; ME, AREN&#8217;T YOU?&#8221;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>It now appeared that the man also was to be seated on the donkey,
+holding Maggie before him, and she was as incapable of remonstrating
+against this arrangement as the donkey himself, though no nightmare had
+ever seemed to her more horrible. When the woman had patted her on the
+back and said &#8220;Good-bye,&#8221; the donkey, at a strong hint from the man&#8217;s
+stick, set off at a rapid walk along the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span> lane toward the point Maggie
+had come from an hour ago, while the tall girl and the rough urchin,
+also furnished with sticks, obligingly escorted them for the first
+hundred yards, with much screaming and thwacking.</p>
+
+<p>Not Leonore, in that preternatural midnight excursion with her phantom
+lover, was more terrified than poor Maggie in this entirely natural ride
+on a short-paced donkey, with a gypsy behind her, who considered that he
+was earning half-a-crown. The red light of the setting sun seemed to
+have a portentous meaning, with which the alarming bray of the second
+donkey with the log on its foot must surely have some connection. Two
+low thatched cottages&mdash;the only houses they passed in this lane&mdash;seemed
+to add to its dreariness; they had no windows to speak of, and the doors
+were closed; it was probable that they were inhabited by witches, and it
+was a relief to find that the donkey did not stop there.</p>
+
+<p>At last&mdash;oh, sight of joy!&mdash;this lane, the longest in the world, was
+coming to an end, was opening on a broad highroad, where there was
+actually a coach passing! And there was a finger-post at the
+corner,&mdash;she had surely seen that finger-post before,&mdash;&#8220;To Saint Ogg&#8217;s,
+2 miles.&#8221; The gypsy really meant to take her home, then; he was probably
+a good man, after all, and might have been rather hurt at the thought
+that she didn&#8217;t like coming with him alone. This idea became stronger as
+she felt more and more certain that she knew the road quite well, and
+she was considering how she might open a conversation with the injured
+gypsy, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span> not only gratify his feelings, but efface the impression of
+her cowardice, when, as they reached a crossroad, Maggie caught sight of
+some one coming on a white-faced horse.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, stop, stop!&#8221; she cried out. &#8220;There&#8217;s my father! Oh, father,
+father!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The sudden joy was almost painful, and before her father reached her,
+she was sobbing. Great was Mr. Tulliver&#8217;s wonder, for he had made a
+round from Basset, and had not yet been home.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, what&#8217;s the meaning o&#8217; this?&#8221; he said, checking his horse, while
+Maggie slipped from the donkey and ran to her father&#8217;s stirrup.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The little miss lost herself, I reckon,&#8221; said the gypsy. &#8220;She&#8217;d come to
+our tent at the far end o&#8217; Dunlow Lane, and I was bringing her where she
+said her home was. It&#8217;s a good way to come after being on the tramp all
+day.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh yes, father, he&#8217;s been very good to bring me home,&#8221; said Maggie,&mdash;&#8220;a
+very kind, good man!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Here, then, my man,&#8221; said Mr. Tulliver, taking out five shillings.
+&#8220;It&#8217;s the best day&#8217;s work <em>you</em> ever did. I couldn&#8217;t afford to lose the
+little wench; here, lift her up before me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, Maggie, how&#8217;s this, how&#8217;s this?&#8221; he said, as they rode along,
+while she laid her head against her father and sobbed. &#8220;How came you to
+be rambling about and lose yourself?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, father,&#8221; sobbed Maggie, &#8220;I ran away because I was so unhappy; Tom
+was so angry with me. I couldn&#8217;t bear it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Pooh, pooh,&#8221; said Mr. Tulliver, soothingly, &#8220;you mustn&#8217;t think o&#8217;
+running away from father.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span> What &#8217;ud father do without his little wench?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Oh, no, I never will again, father&mdash;never.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Tulliver spoke his mind very strongly when he reached home that
+evening; and the effect was seen in the remarkable fact that Maggie
+never heard one reproach from her mother, or one taunt from Tom, about
+this foolish business of her running away to the gypsies. Maggie was
+rather awe-stricken by this unusual treatment, and sometimes thought
+that her conduct had been too wicked to be alluded to.</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="afterstory">Of the three children who are presented to us in these chapters,
+Tom, Maggie and little Lucy, which is the most attractive to you?</p>
+
+<p>Do you think the author meant us to receive this impression?</p>
+
+<p>Is Maggie proud? Is she impetuous? Is she highly sensitive? Find as
+many passages as you can which prove your answers to these
+questions. Do these qualities usually make a person attractive?</p>
+
+<p>What is the mainspring of Maggie&#8217;s character&mdash;the motive for most
+of her actions? Does Tom seem to you worthy of the intense
+affection she bestows upon him? Do you think a person with Maggie&#8217;s
+nature would be likely to live a happy or an unhappy life?</p>
+
+<p>Few writers have ever been able to draw as distinct, lifelike a
+picture of a child as we have of Maggie Tulliver in <cite>The Mill on
+the Floss</cite>. This is to be in part accounted for by the fact that it
+is herself as a child that George Eliot is describing.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="A_GORILLA_HUNT" id="A_GORILLA_HUNT"></a>A GORILLA HUNT</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Paul du Chaillu</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapi"><span class="hide">I</span></span> <span class="upper">had</span> not been at the village long before news came that gorillas had
+been recently seen in the neighborhood of a plantation only half a mile
+distant. Early in the morning of the twenty-fifth of June, I wended my
+way thither, accompanied by one of my boys, named Odanga. The plantation
+was a large one, and situated on very broken ground, surrounded by the
+virgin forest. It was a lovely morning; the sky was almost cloudless,
+and all around was still as death, except the slight rustling of the
+tree tops moved by the gentle land breeze. When I reached the place, I
+had first to pick my way through the maze of tree stumps and half-burnt
+logs by the side of a field of cassada. I was going quietly along the
+borders of this, when I heard, in the grove of plantain trees towards
+which I was walking, a great crashing noise, like the breaking of trees.
+I immediately hid myself behind a bush, and was soon gratified with the
+sight of a female gorilla; but before I had time to notice its
+movements, a second and third emerged from the masses of colossal
+foliage; at length no less than four came into view.</p>
+
+<p>They were all busily engaged in tearing down the larger trees. One of
+the females had a young<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span> one following her. I had an excellent
+opportunity of watching the movements of the impish-looking band. The
+shaggy hides, the protuberant abdomens, the hideous features of these
+strange creatures, whose forms so nearly resemble man, made up a picture
+like a vision in some morbid dream. In destroying a tree, they first
+grasped the base of the stem with one of their feet, and then with their
+powerful arms pulled it down, a matter of not much difficulty with so
+loosely formed a stem as that of the plantain. They then set upon the
+juicy heart of the trees at the bases of the leaves, and devoured it
+with great voracity. While eating they made a kind of clucking noise,
+expressive of contentment. Many trees they destroyed apparently out of
+pure mischief. Now and then they stood still and looked around. Once or
+twice they seemed on the point of starting off in alarm, but recovered
+themselves and continued their work. Gradually they got nearer to the
+edge of the dark forest, and finally disappeared. I was so intent on
+watching them, that I let go the last chance of shooting one almost
+before I became aware of it.</p>
+
+<p>The next day I went again with Odanga to the same spot. I had no
+expectation of seeing gorillas in the same plantation, and was carrying
+a light shot gun, having given my heavy double-barreled rifle to the boy
+to carry. The plantation extended over two hills, with a deep hollow
+between, planted with sugar cane. Before I had crossed the hollow I saw
+on the opposite slope a monstrous gorilla, standing erect and looking
+directly towards me. Without turning my face I beckoned to the boy<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span> to
+bring me my rifle, but no rifle came,&mdash;the little coward had bolted, and
+I lost my chance. The huge beast stared at me for about two minutes, and
+then, without uttering any cry, moved off to the shade of the forest,
+running nimbly on his hands and feet.</p>
+
+<p>As my readers may easily imagine, I had excellent opportunity of
+observing, during these two days, the manner in which the gorillas
+walked when in open ground. They move along with great rapidity and on
+all fours, that is, with the knuckles of their hands touching the
+ground. Artists, in representing the gorilla walking, generally make the
+arms too much bowed outwards, and the elbows too much bent; this gives
+the figures an appearance of heaviness and awkwardness. When the
+gorillas that I watched left their plantain trees, they moved off at a
+great pace over the ground, with their arms extended straight forward
+towards the ground, and moving rapidly. I may mention also that having
+now opened the stomachs of several freshly killed gorillas, I have never
+found anything but vegetable matter in them.</p>
+
+<p>When I returned to Nkongon Mboumba I found there my old friend Akondogo,
+chief of one of the Commi villages, who had just returned from the Ngobi
+country, a little further south. To my great surprise and pleasure, he
+had brought for me a living gorilla, a young one, but the largest I had
+ever seen captured alive. Like Joe, the young male whose habits in
+confinement I described in &#8216;Equatorial Africa,&#8217; this one showed the most
+violent and ungovernable disposition. He tried to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span> bite every one who
+came near him, and was obliged to be secured by a forked stick closely
+applied to the back of his neck. This mode of imprisoning these animals
+is a very improper one if the object be to keep them alive and to tame
+them, but, unfortunately, in this barbarous country, we had not the
+materials requisite to build a strong cage. The injury caused to this
+one by the forked stick eventually caused his death. As I had some more
+hunting to do, I left the animal in charge of Akondogo until he should
+have an opportunity of sending it to me on the Fernand Vaz.</p>
+
+<p>The natives of all the neighboring country were now so well aware that I
+wanted live gorillas, and was willing to give a high price for them,
+that many were stimulated to search with great perseverance; the good
+effects of this were soon made evident.</p>
+
+<p>One day as I was quietly dining with Captain Holder, of the <cite>Cambria</cite> (a
+vessel just arrived from England), one of my men came in with the
+startling news that three live gorillas had been brought, one of them
+full grown. I had not long to wait; in they came. First, a very large
+adult female, bound hand and foot; then her female child, screaming
+terribly; and lastly, a vigorous young male, also tightly bound. The
+female had been ingeniously secured by the negroes to a strong stick,
+the wrists bound to the upper part and the ankles to the lower, so that
+she could not reach to tear the cords with her teeth. It was dark, and
+the scene was one so wild and strange that I shall never forget it. The
+fiendish countenances of the Calibanish<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span> trio, one of them distorted by
+pain, for the mother gorilla was severely wounded, were lit up by the
+ruddy glare of native torches. The thought struck me, what would I not
+give to have the group in London for a few days!</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image36" id="image36"></a><a href="images/image36-full.png"><img src="images/image36.png" width="252" height="297" alt="A gorilla holding her baby, surrounded by men with spears" title="GORILLA WITH HER YOUNG" /></a>
+<span class="caption">GORILLA WITH HER YOUNG</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The young male I secured by a chain which I had in readiness, and gave
+him henceforth the name of Tom. We untied his hands and feet; to show<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span>
+his gratitude for this act of kindness he immediately made a rush at me,
+screaming with all his might; happily the chain was made fast, and I
+took care afterwards to keep out of his way. The old mother gorilla was
+in an unfortunate plight. She had an arm broken and a wound in the
+chest, besides being dreadfully beaten on the head. She groaned and
+roared many times during the night, probably from pain.</p>
+
+<p>I noticed next day, and on many occasions, that the vigorous young male
+whenever he made a rush at any one and missed his aim, immediately ran
+back. This corresponds with what is known of the habits of the large
+males in their native woods; when attacked they make a furious rush at
+their enemy, break an arm or tear his bowels open, and then beat a
+retreat, leaving their victim to shift for himself.</p>
+
+<p>The wounded female died in the course of the next day; her moanings were
+more frequent in the morning, and they gradually became weaker as her
+life ebbed out. Her death was like that of a human being, and afflicted
+me more than I could have thought possible. Her child clung to her to
+the last, and tried to obtain milk from her breast after she was dead. I
+photographed them both when the young one was resting in its dead
+mother&#8217;s lap. I kept the young one alive for three days after its
+mother&#8217;s death. It moaned at night most piteously. I fed it on goat&#8217;s
+milk, for it was too young to eat berries. It died the fourth day,
+having taken an unconquerable dislike to the milk. It had, I think,
+begun to know me a little. As to the male,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span> I made at least a dozen
+attempts to photograph the irascible little demon, but all in vain. The
+pointing of the camera towards him threw him into a perfect rage, and I
+was almost provoked to give him a sound thrashing. The day after,
+however, I succeeded with him, taking two views, not very perfect, but
+sufficient for my object.</p>
+
+<p>I must now relate how these three animals were caught, premising that
+the capture of the female was the first instance of an adult gorilla
+being taken alive. The place where they were found was on the left bank
+of the Fernand Vaz, about thirty miles above my village. At this part a
+narrow promontory projects into the river. It was the place where I had
+intended to take the distinguished traveler, Captain Burton, to show him
+a live gorilla, if he had paid me a visit, as I had expected, for I had
+written to invite him whilst he was on a tour from his consulate at
+Fernando Po to several points on the West African coast.</p>
+
+<p>A woman, belonging to a neighboring village, had told her people that
+she had seen two squads of female gorillas, some of them accompanied by
+their young ones, in her plantain field. The men resolved to go in chase
+of them, so they armed themselves with guns, axes, and spears, and
+sallied forth.</p>
+
+<p>The situation was very favorable for the hunters; they formed a line
+across the narrow strip of land and pressed forward, driving the animals
+to the edge of the water. When they came in sight of them, they made all
+the noise in their power, and thus bewildered the gorillas, who were
+shot or beaten down in their endeavors to escape. There<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span> were eight
+adult females altogether, but not a single male. The negroes thought the
+males were in concealment in the adjoining woods, having probably been
+frightened away by the noise.</p>
+
+<p>This incident led me to modify somewhat the opinions I had expressed, in
+&#8216;Adventures in Equatorial Africa,&#8217; regarding some of the habits of the
+gorilla. I there said I believed it impossible to capture an adult
+female alive, but I ought to have added, unless wounded. I have also
+satisfied myself that the gorilla is more gregarious than I formerly
+considered it to be; at least it is now clear that, at certain times of
+the year, it goes in bands more numerous than those I saw in my former
+journey. Then I never saw more than five together. I have myself seen,
+on my present expedition, two of these bands of gorillas, numbering
+eight or ten, and have had authentic accounts from the natives of other
+similar bands. It is true that, when gorillas become aged, they seem to
+be more solitary, and to live in pairs, or, as in the case of old males,
+quite alone. I have been assured by the negroes that solitary and aged
+gorillas are sometimes seen almost white; the hair becomes grizzled with
+age, and I have no doubt that the statement of their becoming
+occasionally white with extreme old age is quite correct.</p>
+
+<p>The gorilla is of migratory habits at some seasons of the year. He is
+then not found in the districts usually resorted to by him when the
+berries, fruits, and nuts are in season.</p>
+
+<p>Besides my other collections I embarked a live gorilla, our little
+friend Tom, and had full hopes that he would arrive safely and gratify
+the world<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span> of London with a sight of this rare and wonderful ape in the
+living state; unfortunately, he died on the passage. He did very well
+for a few weeks, I am told, as long as the supply of bananas lasted
+which I placed on board for his sustenance. The repugnance of the
+gorilla to cooked food, or any sort of food except the fruits and juicy
+plants he obtains in his own wilds, will always be a difficulty in the
+way of bringing him to Europe alive. I had sent him consigned to Messrs.
+Baring, who, I am sure, never had any such consignment before. I
+promised the Captain that he should receive one hundred pounds if he
+succeeded in taking the animal alive to London.</p>
+
+<p>During the few days Tom was in my possession he remained, like all the
+others of his species that I had seen, utterly untractable. The food
+that was offered to him he would come and snatch from the hand, and then
+bolt with it to the length of his tether. If I looked at him he would
+make a feint of darting at me, and in giving him water I had to push the
+bowl towards him with a stick, for fear of his biting me. When he was
+angry I saw him often beat the ground and his legs with his fists, thus
+showing a similar habit to that of the adult gorillas, which I described
+as beating their breasts with their fists when confronting an enemy.
+Before lying down to rest he used to pack his straw very carefully as a
+bed to lie on. Tom used to wake me in the night by screaming suddenly,
+and in the morning I more than once detected him in the attempt to
+strangle himself with his chain, no doubt through rage at being kept
+prisoner. He used to twist the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span> chain round and round the post, to which
+it was attached until it became quite short and then pressed with his
+feet the lower part of the post until he had nearly done the business.</p>
+
+<p>As I have before related, I took photographs of Tom, and succeeded very
+well. These photographs I was unwilling to send home, and kept them
+until I should have completed my whole series of photographs of African
+subjects. They are now, unfortunately, lost forever; for they were left
+behind in the bush during my hurried retreat from Ashango-land, as will
+be related in the sequel.</p>
+
+<p>When the last boat which took on board the Captain and the live animals
+left the shore for the vessel, I trembled for the safety of the cargo,
+for the surf was very rough. The negroes, however, could have managed to
+get her safely through if they had not been too careful. They were
+nervous at having a white man on board, and did not seize the proper
+moment to pass the breakers; their hesitation was very near proving
+fatal, for a huge billow broke over them and filled the boat. It did
+not, happily, upset, but they had to return. Captain Berridge thus
+escaped with a wetting, and the Potamochoerus and eagles were half
+drowned. As to poor Tom, the bath, instead of cooling his courage, made
+him more violent than ever. He shouted furiously, and as soon as I
+opened the door of his cage he pounced on the bystanders, clinging to
+them and screaming. A present of a banana, which he ate voraciously,
+quieted him down, and the passage was again tried in the afternoon with
+a better result.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_CLOUD" id="THE_CLOUD"></a>THE CLOUD</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Percy Bysshe Shelley</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">I</span> <span class="upper">bring</span> fresh showers for the thirsting flowers,<br />
+<span class="i1">From the seas and the streams;</span><br />
+I bear light shade for the leaves when laid<br />
+<span class="i1">In their noonday dreams.</span><br />
+From my wings are shaken the dews that waken<br />
+<span class="i1">The sweet buds every one,</span><br />
+When rocked to rest on their mother&#8217;s breast,<br />
+<span class="i1">As she dances about the sun.</span><br />
+I wield the flail of the lashing hail,<br />
+<span class="i1">And whiten the green plains under;</span><br />
+And then again I dissolve it in rain,<br />
+<span class="i1">And laugh as I pass in thunder.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">I sift the snow on the mountains below,<br />
+<span class="i1">And their great pines groan aghast;</span><br />
+And all the night &#8217;tis my pillow white,<br />
+<span class="i1">While I sleep in the arms of the blast.</span><br />
+Sublime on the towers of my skyey bowers<br />
+<span class="i1">Lightning, my pilot, sits,</span><br />
+In a cavern under is fettered the thunder;<br />
+<span class="i1">It struggles and howls by fits.</span><br />
+Over earth and ocean, with gentle motion,<br />
+<span class="i1">This pilot is guiding me,</span><br />
+Lured by the love of the genii that move<br />
+<span class="i1">In the depths of the purple sea;</span><br />
+Over the rills and the crags and the hills,<br />
+<span class="i1">Over the lakes and the plains,</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span>Wherever he dream, under mountain or stream,<br />
+<span class="i1">The spirit he loves remains;</span><br />
+And I all the while bask in heaven&#8217;s blue smile,<br />
+<span class="i1">Whilst he is dissolving in rains.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">The sanguine sunrise, with his meteor eyes,<br />
+<span class="i1">And his burning plumes outspread,</span><br />
+Leaps on the back of my sailing rack,<br />
+<span class="i1">When the morning star shines dead.</span><br />
+As, on the jag of a mountain crag<br />
+<span class="i1">Which an earthquake rocks and swings,</span><br />
+An eagle, alit, one moment may sit<br />
+<span class="i1">In the light of its golden wings;</span><br />
+And when sunset may breathe, from the lit sea beneath,<br />
+<span class="i1">Its ardors of rest and of love,</span><br />
+And the crimson pall of eve may fall<br />
+<span class="i1">From the depth of heaven above,</span><br />
+With wings folded I rest on mine airy nest,<br />
+<span class="i1">As still as a brooding dove.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">That orbed maiden with white fire laden,<br />
+<span class="i1">Whom mortals call the moon,</span><br />
+Glides glimmering o&#8217;er my fleece-like floor<br />
+<span class="i1">By the midnight breezes strewn;</span><br />
+And wherever the beat of her unseen feet,<br />
+<span class="i1">Which only the angels hear,</span><br />
+May have broken the woof of my tent&#8217;s thin roof,<br />
+<span class="i1">The stars peep behind her and peer;</span><br />
+And I laugh to see them whirl and flee,<br />
+<span class="i1">Like a swarm of golden bees,</span><br />
+When I widen the rent in my wind-built tent,<br />
+<span class="i1">Till the calm rivers, lakes, and seas,</span><br />
+Like strips of the sky fallen through me on high,<br />
+<span class="i1">Are each paved with the moon and these.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span>I bind the sun&#8217;s throne with a burning zone,<br />
+<span class="i1">And the moon&#8217;s with a girdle of pearl;</span><br />
+The volcanoes are dim, and the stars reel and swim,<br />
+<span class="i1">When the whirlwinds my banner unfurl.</span><br />
+From cape to cape, with a bridge-like shape,<br />
+<span class="i1">Over a torrent sea,</span><br />
+Sunbeam-proof, I hang like a roof,<br />
+<span class="i1">The mountains its columns be.</span><br />
+The triumphal arch, through which I march,<br />
+<span class="i1">With hurricane, fire, and snow,</span><br />
+When the powers of the air are chained to my chair,<br />
+<span class="i1">Is the million-colored bow;</span><br />
+The sphere-fire above its soft colors wove,<br />
+<span class="i1">While the moist earth was laughing below.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">I am the daughter of earth and water,<br />
+<span class="i1">And the nursling of the sky;</span><br />
+I pass through the pores of the ocean and shores;<br />
+<span class="i1">I change, but I cannot die.</span><br />
+For after the rain, when, with never a stain,<br />
+<span class="i1">The pavilion of heaven is bare,</span><br />
+And the winds and sunbeams, with their convex gleams,<br />
+<span class="i1">Build up the blue dome of air,&mdash;</span><br />
+I silently laugh at my own cenotaph,<br />
+<span class="i1">And out of the caverns of rain,</span><br />
+Like a child from the womb, like a ghost from the tomb,<br />
+<span class="i1">I rise and upbuild it again.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="BRUTE_NEIGHBORS" id="BRUTE_NEIGHBORS"></a>BRUTE NEIGHBORS</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Henry David Thoreau</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;The author of this sketch, Henry David Thoreau, who lived
+from 1817 to 1862, was one of the oddest of American men of genius.
+He was educated at Harvard University, but he did not care, in the
+common phrase, to &#8220;turn his learning to practical account;&#8221; that
+is, save for a short time when he taught school, he did not make it
+earn his living for him. His theory was that life and energy were
+being wasted when a man spent in working more time than he
+absolutely needed to in order to provide himself with necessities;
+and this theory he carried out in his own life. While he lived in
+Concord, he did odd jobs at carpentering, surveying, and gardening,
+and worked for a time at his father&#8217;s trade of pencil making.
+However, he contended that a man was doing himself an injustice if
+he kept on at that work after he had reached the point where he
+could make no further improvement in his pencils.</p>
+
+<p>From 1845 to 1847 Thoreau lived as a hermit in a hut which he had
+built on the shore of Walden Pond, and the simple life he led there
+gave him plenty of leisure for the things he liked best&mdash;the study
+of nature, the grappling with philosophical problems, and the
+society of friends. The result of the two years at Walden Pond was
+his best book, <cite>Walden, or Life in the Woods</cite>, a work which is
+distinguished for its peculiarly truthful and sympathetic studies
+of nature.</p>
+
+<p>Thoreau refused to perform any of the ordinary duties of a citizen;
+he never voted, he never paid taxes. Once he was arrested because
+he refused to pay his taxes, and was thrown into jail; his friends
+remonstrated with him, but still he refused to pay. However, when
+his friends paid the sum he made no objections to accepting his
+release, nor <span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 89%"><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span>did he in the future make any objections when his
+friends quietly paid his taxes.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#THE_POND_IN_WINTER"><cite>The Pond in Winter</cite></a> and <a href="#WINTER_ANIMALS"><cite>Winter Animals</cite></a>, which are contained in
+this volume, are also from Thoreau.</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapw"><span class="hide">W</span></span><span class="upper">hy</span> do precisely these objects which we behold make a world? Why has man
+just these species of animals for his neighbors; as if nothing but a
+mouse could have filled this crevice? I suspect that Pilpay &amp; Co. have
+put animals to their best use, for they are all beasts of burden, in a
+sense, made to carry some portion of our thoughts.</p>
+
+<p>The mice which haunted my house were not the common ones, which are said
+to have been introduced into the country, but a wild native kind not
+found in the village. I sent one to a distinguished naturalist, and it
+interested him much. When I was building, one of these had its nest
+underneath the house, and before I had laid the second floor, and swept
+out the shavings, would come out regularly at lunch time and pick up the
+crumbs at my feet. It probably had never seen a man before; and it soon
+became quite familiar, and would run over my shoes and up my clothes. It
+could readily ascend the sides of the room by short impulses, like a
+squirrel, which it resembled in its motions. At length, as I leaned with
+my elbow on the bench one day, it ran up my clothes, and along my
+sleeve, and round and round the paper which held my dinner, while I kept
+the latter close, and dodged and played at bo-peep with it; and when at
+last I held still a piece of cheese between my thumb and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span> finger, it
+came and nibbled it, sitting in my hand, and afterward cleaned its face
+and paws, like a fly, and walked away.</p>
+
+<p>A phoebe soon built in my shed, and a robin for protection in a pine
+which grew against the house. In June the partridge (<em lang="la" xml:lang="la">Tetrao umbellus</em>),
+which is so shy a bird, led her brood past my windows, from the woods in
+the rear to the front of my house, clucking and calling to them like a
+hen, and in all her behavior proving herself the hen of the woods. The
+young suddenly disperse on your approach, at a signal from the mother,
+as if a whirlwind had swept them away, and they so exactly resemble the
+dried leaves and twigs that many a traveler has placed his foot in the
+midst of a brood, and heard the whir of the old bird as she flew off,
+and her anxious calls and mewing, or seen her trail her wings to attract
+his attention, without suspecting their neighborhood. The parent will
+sometimes roll and spin round before you in such a dishabille, that you
+cannot, for a few moments, detect what kind of creature it is. The young
+squat still and flat, often running their heads under a leaf, and mind
+only their mother&#8217;s directions given from a distance, nor will your
+approach make them run again and betray themselves. You may even tread
+on them, or have your eyes on them for a minute, without discovering
+them. I have held them in my open hand at such a time, and still their
+only care, obedient to their mother and their instinct, was to squat
+there without fear or trembling. So perfect is this instinct, that once,
+when I had laid them on the leaves again, and one accidentally fell on
+its side, it was found with the rest in exactly the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span> same position ten
+minutes afterward. They are not callow like the young of most birds, but
+more perfectly developed and precocious even than chickens. The
+remarkably adult yet innocent expression of their open and serene eyes
+is very memorable. All intelligence seems reflected in them. They
+suggest not merely the purity of infancy, but a wisdom clarified by
+experience. Such an eye was not born when the bird was, but is coeval
+with the sky it reflects. The woods do not yield another such gem. The
+traveler does not often look into such a limpid well. The ignorant or
+reckless sportsman often shoots the parent at such a time, and leaves
+these innocents to fall a prey to some prowling beast or bird, or
+gradually mingle with the decaying leaves which they so much resemble.
+It is said that when hatched by a hen they will directly disperse on
+some alarm, and are so lost, for they never hear the mother&#8217;s call which
+gathers them again. These were my hens and chickens.</p>
+
+<p>It is remarkable how many creatures live wild and free though secret in
+the woods, and still sustain themselves in the neighborhood of towns,
+suspected by hunters only. How retired the otter manages to live there!
+He grows to be four feet long, as big as a small boy, perhaps without
+any human being getting a glimpse of him. I formerly saw the raccoon in
+the woods behind where my house is built, and probably still heard their
+whinnering at night. Commonly I rested an hour or two in the shade at
+noon, after planting, and ate my lunch, and read a little by a spring
+which was the source of a swamp and of a brook, oozing from under
+Brister&#8217;s Hill, half a mile from my field. The approach to this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span> was
+through a succession of descending grassy hollows, full of young pitch
+pines, into a larger wood about the swamp. There, in a very secluded and
+shaded spot, under a spreading white pine, there was yet a clean firm
+sward to sit on. I had dug out the spring and made a well of clear gray
+water, where I could dip up a pailful without roiling it, and thither I
+went for this purpose almost every day in midsummer, when the pond was
+warmest. Thither, too, the woodcock led her brood, to probe the mud for
+worms, flying but a foot above them down the bank, while they ran in a
+troop beneath; but at last, spying me, she would leave her young and
+circle round and round me, nearer and nearer till within four or five
+feet, pretending broken wings and legs, to attract my attention, and get
+off her young, who would already have taken up their march, with faint
+wiry peep, single file through the swamp, as she directed. Or I heard
+the peep of the young when I could not see the parent bird. There too
+the turtledoves sat over the spring, or fluttered from bough to bough of
+the soft white pines over my head; or the red squirrel, coursing down
+the nearest bough, was particularly familiar and inquisitive. You only
+need sit still long enough in some attractive spot in the woods that all
+its inhabitants may exhibit themselves to you by turns.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image37" id="image37"></a><a href="images/image37-full.png"><img src="images/image37.png" width="252" height="133" alt="" title="BATTLE OF THE ANTS" /></a>
+<span class="caption">BATTLE OF THE ANTS</span></div>
+
+<p>I was witness to events of a less peaceful character. One day when I
+went out to my wood pile, or rather my pile of stumps, I observed two
+large ants, the one red, the other much larger, nearly half an inch
+long, and black, fiercely contending with one another. Having once got
+hold they never let go, but struggled and wrestled and rolled on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span> the
+chips incessantly. Looking further, I was surprised to find that the
+chips were covered with such combatants, that it was not a <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">duellum</em>,
+but a <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">bellum</em>, a war between two races of ants, the red always pitted
+against the black, and frequently two red ones to one black. The legions
+of these Myrmidons covered all the hills and vales in my wood yard, and
+the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying, both red and
+black. It was the only battle which I have ever witnessed, the only
+battlefield I ever trod while the battle was raging; internecine war;
+the red republicans on the one hand, and the black imperialists on the
+other. On every side they were engaged in deadly combat, yet without any
+noise that I could hear, and human soldiers never fought so resolutely.
+I watched a couple that were fast locked in each other&#8217;s embraces, in a
+little sunny valley amid the chips, now at noonday prepared to fight
+till the sun went down, or life went out. The smaller red champion had
+fastened himself like a vise to his adversary&#8217;s front, and through all
+the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span> tumblings on that field never for an instant ceased to gnaw at one
+of his feelers near the root, having already caused the other to go by
+the board; while the stronger black one dashed him from side to side,
+and, as I saw on looking nearer, had already divested him of several of
+his members. They fought with more pertinacity than bulldogs. Neither
+manifested the least disposition to retreat. It was evident that their
+battle-cry was &#8220;Conquer or die.&#8221; In the meanwhile there came along a
+single red ant on the hillside of this valley, evidently full of
+excitement, who either had despatched his foe, or had not yet taken part
+in the battle; probably the latter, for he had lost none of his limbs;
+whose mother had charged him to return with his shield or upon it. Or
+perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, and
+had now come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus. He saw this unequal
+combat from afar&mdash;for the blacks were nearly twice the size of the
+red&mdash;he drew near with rapid pace till he stood on his guard within half
+an inch of the combatants; then, watching his opportunity, he sprang
+upon the black warrior, and commenced his operations near the root of
+his right fore-leg, leaving the foe to select among his own members; and
+so there were three united for life, as if a new kind of attraction had
+been invented which put all other locks and cements to shame. I should
+not have wondered by this time to find that they had their respective
+musical bands stationed on some eminent chip, and playing their national
+airs the while, to excite the slow and cheer the dying combatants. I was
+myself excited somewhat even as if they had been men. The more you think
+of it, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span> less the difference. And certainly there is not the fight
+recorded in Concord history, at least, if in the history of America,
+that will bear a moment&#8217;s comparison with this, whether for the numbers
+engaged in it, or for the patriotism and heroism displayed. For numbers
+and for carnage it was an Austerlitz or Dresden. Concord Fight! Two
+killed on the patriots&#8217; side, and Luther Blanchard wounded! Why, here
+every ant was a Butterick&mdash;&#8220;Fire! for God&#8217;s sake, fire!&#8221;&mdash;and thousands
+shared the fate of Davis and Hosmer. There was not one hireling there. I
+have no doubt that it was a principle they fought for, as much as our
+ancestors, and not to avoid a three-penny tax on their tea; and the
+results of this battle will be as important and memorable to those whom
+it concerns as those of the battle of Bunker Hill, at least.</p>
+
+<p>I took up the chip on which the three I have particularly described were
+struggling, carried it into my house, and placed it under a tumbler on
+my window sill, in order to see the issue. Holding a <a name="corr9" id="corr9"></a>microscope to
+the first-mentioned red ant, I saw that, though he was assiduously
+gnawing at the near fore-leg of his enemy, having severed his remaining
+feeler, his own breast was all torn away, exposing what vitals he had
+there to the jaws of the black warrior, whose breastplate was apparently
+too thick for him to pierce; and the dark carbuncles of the sufferer&#8217;s
+eyes shone with ferocity such as war only could excite. They struggled
+half an hour longer under the tumbler, and when I looked again the black
+soldier had severed the heads of his foes from their bodies, and still
+living heads were hanging on either side of him like ghastly trophies<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span>
+at his saddle-bow, still apparently as firmly fastened as ever, and he
+was endeavoring with feeble struggles, being without feelers and with
+only the remnant of a leg, and I know not how many other wounds, to
+divest himself of them; which at length, after half an hour more, he
+accomplished. I raised the glass, and he went off over the window sill
+in that crippled state. Whether he finally survived that combat, and
+spent the remainder of his days in some Hotel des Invalides, I do not
+know; but I thought that his industry would not be worth much
+thereafter. I never learned which party was victorious, nor the cause of
+the war; but I felt for the rest of that day as if I had had my feelings
+excited and harrowed by witnessing the struggle, the ferocity and
+carnage, of a human battle before my door.</p>
+
+<p>Kirby and Spence tell us that the battles of ants have long been
+celebrated and the date of them recorded, though they say that Huber is
+the only modern author who appears to have witnessed them. <span lang="la" xml:lang="la">&#8220;&AElig;neas
+Sylvius,&#8221;</span> say they, &#8220;after giving a very circumstantial account of one
+contested with great obstinacy by a great and small species on the trunk
+of a pear tree,&#8221; adds that &#8220;&#8216;This action was fought in the pontificate
+of Eugenius the Fourth, in the presence of Nicholas Pistoriensis, an
+eminent lawyer, who related the whole history of the battle with the
+greatest fidelity.&#8217; A similar engagement between great and small ants is
+recorded by Olaus Magnus, in which the small ones, being victorious, are
+said to have buried the bodies of their own soldiers, and left those of
+their giant enemies a prey to the birds. This event happened previous to
+the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span> expulsion of the tyrant Christiern the Second from Sweden.&#8221; The
+battle which I witnessed took place in the Presidency of Polk, five
+years before the passage of Webster&#8217;s Fugitive-Slave Bill.</p>
+
+<p>Many a village Bose, fit only to course a mud-turtle in a victualling
+cellar, sported his heavy quarters in the woods, without the knowledge
+of his master, and ineffectually smelled at old fox burrows and
+woodchucks&#8217; holes; led perchance by some slight cur which nimbly
+threaded the wood, and might still inspire a natural terror in its
+denizens; now far behind his guide, barking like a canine bull toward
+some small squirrel which had treed itself for scrutiny, then, cantering
+off, bending the bushes with his weight, imagining that he is on the
+track of some stray member of the jerbilla family. Once I was surprised
+to see a cat walking along the stony shore of the pond, for they rarely
+wander so far from home. The surprise was mutual. Nevertheless the most
+domestic cat, which has lain on a rug all her days, appears quite at
+home in the woods, and, by her sly and stealthy behavior, proves herself
+more native there than the regular inhabitants. Once, when berrying, I
+met with a cat with young kittens in the woods, quite wild, and they
+all, like their mother, had their backs up and were fiercely spitting at
+me. A few years before I lived in the woods there was what was called a
+&#8220;winged cat&#8221; in one of the farmhouses in Lincoln nearest the pond, Mr.
+Gilian Baker&#8217;s. When I called to see her in June, 1842, she was gone
+a-hunting in the woods, as was her wont (I am not sure whether it was a
+male or female, and so use the more common pronoun), but her mistress
+told me that she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span> came into the neighborhood a little more than a year
+before, in April, and was finally taken into their house; that she was
+of a dark brownish gray color, with a white spot on her throat, and
+white feet, and had a large bushy tail like a fox; that in the winter
+the fur grew thick and flatted out along her sides, forming strips ten
+or twelve inches long by two and a half wide, and under her chin like a
+muff, the upper side loose, the under matted like felt, and in the
+spring these appendages dropped off. They gave me a pair of her &#8220;wings,&#8221;
+which I keep still. There is no appearance of a membrane about them.
+Some thought it was part flying-squirrel or some other wild animal,
+which is not impossible, for, according to naturalists, prolific hybrids
+have been produced by the union of the marten and domestic cat. This
+would have been the right kind of cat for me to keep, if I had kept any;
+for why should not a poet&#8217;s cat be winged as well as his horse?</p>
+
+<p>In the fall the loon (<em lang="la" xml:lang="la">Colymbus glacialis</em>) came, as usual, to moult and
+bathe in the pond, making the woods ring with his wild laughter before I
+had risen. At rumor of his arrival all the Milldam sportsmen are on the
+alert, in gigs and on foot, two by two and three by three, with patent
+rifles and conical balls and spyglasses. They come rustling through the
+woods like autumn leaves, at least ten men to one loon. Some station
+themselves on this side of the pond, some on that, for the poor bird
+cannot be omnipresent; if he dive here he must come up there. But now
+the kind October wind rises, rustling the leaves and rippling the
+surface of the water, so that no loon can be heard or seen, though<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span> his
+foes sweep the pond with spyglasses, and make the woods resound with
+their discharges. The waves generally rise and dash angrily, taking
+sides with all waterfowl, and our sportsmen must beat a retreat to town
+and shop and unfinished jobs. But they were too often successful. When I
+went to get a pail of water early in the morning I frequently saw this
+stately bird sailing out of my cove within a few rods. If I endeavored
+to overtake him in a boat, in order to see how he would man&oelig;uvre, he
+would dive and be completely lost, so that I did not discover him again
+sometimes till the latter part of the day. But I was more than a match
+for him on the surface. He commonly went off in a rain.</p>
+
+<p>As I was paddling along the north shore one very calm October afternoon,
+for such days especially they settle on to the lakes, like the milkweed
+down, having looked in vain over the pond for a loon, suddenly one,
+sailing out from the shore toward the middle a few rods in front of me,
+set up his wild laugh and betrayed himself. I pursued with a paddle and
+he dived, but when he came up I was nearer than before. He dived again,
+but I miscalculated the direction he would take, and we were fifty rods
+apart when he came to the surface this time, for I had helped to widen
+the interval; and again he laughed long and loud, and with more reason
+than before.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image38" id="image38"></a><a href="images/image38-full.png"><img src="images/image38.png" width="251" height="306" alt="A loon swimming in a lake in the foreground with a man in a rowboat in the background" title="WATCHING FOR THE LOON" /></a>
+<span class="caption">WATCHING FOR THE LOON</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>He man&oelig;uvred so cunningly that I could not get within half a dozen
+rods of him. Each time, when he came to the surface, turning his head
+this way and that, he coolly surveyed the water and the land, and
+apparently chose his course so that he might come up where there was the
+widest expanse<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span> of water, and at the greatest distance from the boat. It
+was surprising how quickly he made up his mind and put his resolve into
+execution. He led me at once to the widest part of the pond, and could
+not be driven from it. While he was thinking one thing in his brain, I
+was endeavoring to divine his thought in mine. It was a pretty game,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span>
+played on the smooth surface of the pond, a man against a loon. Suddenly
+your adversary&#8217;s checker disappears beneath the board, and the problem
+is to place yours nearest to where his will appear again. Sometimes he
+would come up unexpectedly on the opposite side of me, having apparently
+passed directly under the boat. So long-winded was he and so
+unweariable, that when he had swum furthest he would immediately plunge
+again, nevertheless; and then no wit could divine where in the deep
+pond, beneath the smooth surface, he might be speeding his way like a
+fish, for he had time and ability to visit the bottom of the pond in its
+deepest part.</p>
+
+<p>It is said that loons have been caught in the New York lakes eighty feet
+beneath the surface, with hooks set for trout&mdash;though Walden is deeper
+than that. How surprised must the fishes be to see this ungainly visitor
+from another sphere speeding his way amid their schools! Yet he appeared
+to know his course as surely under water as on the surface, and swam
+much faster there. Once or twice I saw a ripple where he approached the
+surface, just put his head out to reconnoitre, and instantly dived
+again. I found that it was as well for me to rest on my oars and wait
+his reappearing as to endeavor to calculate where he would rise; for
+again and again, when I was straining my eyes over the surface one way,
+I would suddenly be startled by his unearthly laugh behind me. But why,
+after displaying so much cunning, did he invariably betray himself the
+moment he came up by that loud laugh? Did not his white breast enough
+betray him? He was indeed a silly loon, I thought. I could commonly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span>
+hear the splash of the water when he came up, and so also detected him.
+But after an hour he seemed as fresh as ever, dived as willingly and
+swam yet further than at first. It was surprising to see how serenely he
+sailed off with unruffled breast when he came to the surface, doing all
+the work with his webbed feet beneath. His usual note was this demoniac
+laughter, yet somewhat like that of a waterfowl; but occasionally, when
+he had balked me most successfully and come up a long way off, he
+uttered a long-drawn unearthly howl, probably more like that of a wolf
+than any bird; as when a beast puts his muzzle to the ground and
+deliberately howls. This was his looming&mdash;perhaps the wildest sound that
+is ever heard here, making the woods ring far and wide. I concluded that
+he laughed in derision of my efforts, confident of his own resources.
+Though the sky was by this time overcast, the pond was so smooth that I
+could see where he broke the surface when I did not hear him. His white
+breast, the stillness of the air, and the smoothness of the water were
+all against him. At length, having come up fifty rods off, he uttered
+one of those prolonged howls, as if calling on the god of loons to aid
+him, and immediately there came a wind from the east and rippled the
+surface, and filled the whole air with misty rain, and I was impressed
+as if it were the prayer of the loon answered, and his god was angry
+with me; and so I left him disappearing far away on the tumultuous
+surface.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="ODE_TO_A_SKYLARK" id="ODE_TO_A_SKYLARK"></a>ODE TO A SKYLARK</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Percy Bysshe Shelley</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;There are a few places in the United States where the
+skylark has been naturalized, but most of us have never heard it
+sing. In Europe, however, and especially in Great Britain, it is
+very common; and despite the fact that it is dull of plumage, there
+are few birds which are more universally loved. For the song which
+it pours forth as it soars upward in spiral curves and floats in
+the air is wonderfully sweet and cheerful. Strangely enough, this
+bird, which seems to like best to sing when far, far above the
+earth, does not refuse to sing when confined in a cage.</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">H</span><span class="upper">ail</span> to thee, blithe spirit!&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i4">Bird thou never wert&mdash;</span><br />
+<span class="i3">That from heaven, or near it,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Pourest thy full heart</span><br />
+In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Higher still and higher</span><br />
+<span class="i4">From the earth thou springest</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Like a cloud of fire;</span><br />
+<span class="i4">The blue deep thou wingest,</span><br />
+And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">In the golden lightning</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Of the sunken sun,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">O&#8217;er which clouds are brightening,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Thou dost float and run;</span><br />
+Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<a name="image39" id="image39"></a><a href="images/image39-full.png"><img src="images/image39.png" width="250" height="302" alt="A bird soaring over a rural landscape" title="THE SKYLARK" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THE SKYLARK</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">The pale purple even</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Melts around thy flight;</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Like a star of heaven</span><br />
+<span class="i4">In the broad day-light,</span><br />
+Thou art unseen, but yet I hear thy shrill delight.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Keen as are the arrows</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Of that silver sphere</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span><span class="i3">Whose intense lamp narrows</span><br />
+<span class="i4">In the white dawn clear,</span><br />
+Until we hardly see, we feel that it is there.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">All the earth and air</span><br />
+<span class="i4">With thy voice is loud,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">As, when night is bare,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">From one lonely cloud</span><br />
+The moon rains out her beams, and heaven is overflowed.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">What thou art we know not;</span><br />
+<span class="i4">What is most like thee?</span><br />
+<span class="i3">From rainbow clouds there flow not</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Drops so bright to see.</span><br />
+As from thy presence showers a rain of melody.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Like a poet hidden</span><br />
+<span class="i4">In the light of thought,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Singing hymns unbidden,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Till the world is wrought</span><br />
+To sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not;</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Like a high-born maiden</span><br />
+<span class="i4">In a palace tower,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Soothing her love-laden</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Soul in secret hour</span><br />
+With music sweet as love, which overflows her bower:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Like a glowworm golden</span><br />
+<span class="i4">In a dell of dew,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Scattering unbeholden</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Its a&euml;rial hue</span><br />
+Among the flowers and grass, which screen it from the view:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span><span class="i3">Like a rose embowered</span><br />
+<span class="i4">In its own green leaves,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">By warm winds deflowered,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Till the scent it gives</span><br />
+Makes faint with too much sweet these heavy-winged thieves.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Sound of vernal showers</span><br />
+<span class="i4">On the twinkling grass,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Rain-awakened flowers,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">All that ever was</span><br />
+Joyous, and clear, and fresh, thy music doth surpass.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Teach us, sprite or bird,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">What sweet thoughts are thine:</span><br />
+<span class="i3">I have never heard</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Praise of love or wine</span><br />
+That panted forth a flood of rapture so divine.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Chorus Hymen&aelig;al,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Or triumphal chaunt,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Matched with thine would be all</span><br />
+<span class="i4">But an empty vaunt,</span><br />
+A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">What objects are the fountains</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Of thy happy strain?</span><br />
+<span class="i3">What fields, or waves, or mountains?</span><br />
+<span class="i4">What shapes of sky or plain?</span><br />
+What love of thine own kind? what ignorance of pain?</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">With thy clear, keen joyance</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Languor cannot be:</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span><span class="i3">Shadow of annoyance</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Never came near thee:</span><br />
+Thou lovest; but ne&#8217;er knew love&#8217;s sad satiety.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Waking or asleep,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Thou of death must deem</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Things more true and deep</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Than we mortals dream,</span><br />
+Or how could thy notes flow in such a crystal stream!</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">We look before and after,</span><br />
+<span class="i4">And pine for what is not;</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Our sincerest laughter</span><br />
+<span class="i4">With some pain is fraught;</span><br />
+Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Yet if we could scorn</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Hate, and pride, and fear;</span><br />
+<span class="i3">If we were things born</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Not to shed a tear,</span><br />
+I know not how thy joy we ever should come near.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Better than all measures</span><br />
+<span class="i4">Of delightful sound,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Better than all treasures</span><br />
+<span class="i4">That in books are found,</span><br />
+Thy skill to poet were, thou scorner of the ground!</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i3">Teach me half the gladness</span><br />
+<span class="i4">That thy brain must know,</span><br />
+<span class="i3">Such harmonious madness</span><br />
+<span class="i4">From my lips would flow,</span><br />
+The world should listen then, as I am listening now!</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_POND_IN_WINTER" id="THE_POND_IN_WINTER"></a>THE POND IN WINTER</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Henry David Thoreau</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapa"><span class="hide">A</span></span><span class="upper">fter</span> a still winter night I awoke with the impression that some
+question had been put to me, which I had been endeavoring in vain to
+answer in my sleep, as what&mdash;how&mdash;when&mdash;where? But there was dawning
+Nature, in whom all creatures live, looking in at my broad windows with
+serene and satisfied face, and no question on <em>her</em> lips. I awoke to an
+answered question, to Nature and daylight. The snow lying deep on the
+earth dotted with young pines, and the very slope of the hill on which
+my house is placed, seemed to say, Forward! Nature puts no question and
+answers none which we mortals ask. She has long ago taken her
+resolution. &#8220;O Prince, our eyes contemplate with admiration and transmit
+to the soul the wonderful and varied spectacle of this universe. The
+night veils without doubt a part of this glorious creation; but day
+comes to reveal to us this great work, which extends from earth even
+into the plains of the ether.&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image40" id="image40"></a><a href="images/image40-full.png"><img src="images/image40.png" width="251" height="305" alt="A man chopping a hole in the ice of a frozen lake" title="KNEELING TO DRINK" /></a>
+<span class="caption">KNEELING TO DRINK</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Then to my morning work. First I take an axe and pail and go in search
+of water if that be not a dream. After a cold and snowy night it needed
+a divining rod to find it. Every winter the liquid and trembling surface
+of the pond, which was so sensitive to every breath, and reflected every
+light<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span> and shadow, becomes solid to the depth of a foot or a foot and a
+half, so that it will support the heaviest teams, and perchance the snow
+covers it to an equal depth, and it is not to be distinguished from any
+level field. Like the marmots in the surrounding hills, it closes its
+eyelids and becomes dormant for three months or more. Standing on the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span>
+snow-covered plain, as if in a pasture amid the hills, I cut my way
+first through a foot of snow, and then a foot of ice, and open a window
+under my feet, where, kneeling to drink, I look down into the quiet
+parlor of the fishes, pervaded by a softened light as through a window
+of ground glass, with its bright sanded floor the same as in summer;
+there a perennial waveless serenity reigns as in the amber twilight sky,
+corresponding to the cool and even temperament of the inhabitants.
+Heaven is under our feet as well as over our heads.</p>
+
+<p>Early in the morning, while all things are crisp with frost, men come
+with fishing reels and slender lunch, and let down their fine lines
+through the snowy field to take pickerel and perch; wild men, who
+instinctively follow other fashions and trust other authorities than
+their townsmen, and by their goings and comings stitch towns together in
+parts where else they would be ripped. They sit and eat their luncheon
+in stout fearnaughts on the dry oak leaves on the shore, as wise in
+natural lore as the citizen is in artificial. They never consulted with
+books, and know and can tell much less than they have done. The things
+which they practice are said not yet to be known. Here is one fishing
+for pickerel with grown perch for bait. You look into his pail with
+wonder as into a summer pond, as if he kept summer locked up at home, or
+knew where she had retreated. How, pray, did he get these in mid-winter?
+Oh, he got worms out of rotten logs since the ground froze, and so he
+caught them. His life itself passes deeper in Nature than the studies of
+naturalist penetrate; himself a subject for the naturalist. The latter
+raises the moss and bark gently<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span> with his knife in search of insects;
+the former lays open logs to their core with his axe, and moss and bark
+fly far and wide. He gets his living by barking trees. Such a man has
+some right to fish, and I love to see Nature carried out in him. The
+perch swallows the grubworm, the pickerel swallows the perch, and the
+fisherman swallows the pickerel; and so all the chinks in the scale of
+being are filled.</p>
+
+<p>When I strolled around the pond in misty weather I was sometimes amused
+by the primitive mode which some ruder fisherman had adopted. He would
+perhaps have placed alder branches over the narrow holes in the ice,
+which were four or five rods apart and an equal distance from the shore,
+and having fastened the end of the line to a stick to prevent its being
+pulled through, have passed the slack line over a twig of the alder, a
+foot or more above the ice, and tied a dry oak leaf to it, which, being
+pulled down, would show when he had a bite. These alders loomed through
+the mist at regular intervals as you walked halfway round the pond.</p>
+
+<p>Ah, the pickerel of Walden! when I see them lying on the ice, or in the
+well which the fisherman cuts in the ice, making a little hole to admit
+the water, I am always surprised by their rare beauty, as if they were
+fabulous fishes, they are so foreign to the streets, even to the woods,
+foreign as Arabia to our Concord life. They possess a quite dazzling and
+transcendent beauty which separates them by a wide interval from the
+cadaverous cod and haddock whose fame is trumpeted in our streets. They
+are not green like the pines, nor any gray like the stones, nor blue
+like the sky; but they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span> have, to my eyes, if possible, yet rarer colors,
+like flowers and precious stones, as if they were the pearls, the
+animalized <em>nuclei</em> or crystals of the Walden water. They, of course,
+are Walden all over and all through; are themselves small Waldens in the
+animal kingdom, Waldenses. It is surprising that they are caught
+here&mdash;that in this deep and capacious spring, far beneath the rattling
+teams and chaises and tinkling sleighs that travel the Walden road, this
+great gold and emerald fish swims. I never chanced to see its kind in
+any market; it would be the cynosure of all eyes there. Easily, with a
+few conclusive quirks, they give up their watery ghosts, like a mortal
+translated before his time to the thin air of heaven.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 183px;">
+<img src="images/image41.png" width="183" height="146" alt="Snow-covered log and bushes" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="SALMON_FISHING" id="SALMON_FISHING"></a>SALMON FISHING</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Rudyard Kipling</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapc"><span class="hide">C</span></span><span class="upper">alifornia</span> and I, crying for salmon, reached Portland, and the
+real-estate man to whom I had been intrusted by &#8220;Portland&#8221; the insurance
+man, met us in the street saying that fifteen miles away, across
+country, we should come upon a place called Clackamas where we might
+perchance find what we desired. And California, his coat-tails flying in
+the wind, ran to a livery stable and chartered a wagon and team
+forthwith. I could push the wagon about with one hand, so light was its
+structure. The team was purely American&mdash;that is to say, almost human in
+its intelligence and docility. Some one said that the roads were not
+good on the way to Clackamas and warned us against smashing the springs.
+&#8220;Portland,&#8221; who had watched the preparations, finally reckoned &#8220;he&#8217;d
+come along, too,&#8221; and under heavenly skies we three companions of a day
+set forth; California carefully lashing our rods into the carriage, and
+the bystanders overwhelming us with directions as to the sawmills we
+were to pass, the ferries we were to cross, and the signposts we were to
+seek signs from. Half a mile from this city of fifty thousand souls we
+struck (and this must be taken literally), a plank road that would have
+been a disgrace to an Irish village.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span>Then six miles of macadamized road showed us that the team could move. A
+railway ran between us and the banks of the Willamette, and another
+above us through the mountains. All the land was dotted with small
+townships, and the roads were full of farmers in their town wagons,
+bunches of tow-haired, boggle-eyed urchins sitting in the hay behind.
+The men generally looked like loafers, but their women were all well
+dressed. Brown hussar braiding on a tailor-made jacket does not,
+however, consort with hay wagons. Then we struck into the woods along
+what California called a &#8220;<em lang="es" xml:lang="es">camina reale</em>,&#8221;&mdash;a good road,&mdash;and Portland a
+&#8220;fair track.&#8221; It wound in and out among fire-blackened stumps, under
+pine trees, along the corners of log-fences, through hollows which must
+be hopeless marsh in winter, and up absurd gradients. But nowhere
+throughout its length did I see any evidence of road-making. There was a
+track,&mdash;you couldn&#8217;t well get off it,&mdash;and it was all you could do to
+stay on it. The dust lay a foot thick in the blind ruts, and under the
+dust we found bits of planking and bundles of brushwood that sent the
+wagon bounding into the air. Sometimes we crashed through bracken; anon
+where the blackberries grew rankest we found a lonely little cemetery,
+the wooden rails all awry, and the pitiful stumpy headstones nodding
+drunkenly at the soft green mulleins. Then with oaths and the sound of
+rent underwood a yoke of mighty bulls would swing down a &#8220;skid&#8221; road,
+hauling a forty-foot log along a ready made slide.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 297px;">
+<a name="image42" id="image42"></a><a href="images/image42-full.jpg"><img src="images/image42.jpg" width="297" height="400" alt="A man with a fishing rod and fish, kneeling on the bank of a river with rapids" title="Salmon Fishing" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">Salmon Fishing</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>A valley full of wheat and cherry trees succeeded, and halting at a
+house we bought ten pound weight of luscious black cherries for
+something less than a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span> rupee and got a drink of icy-cold water for
+nothing, while the untended team browsed sagaciously by the roadside.
+Once we found a wayside camp of horse dealers lounging by a pool, ready
+for a sale or a swap, and once two sun-tanned youngsters shot down a
+hill on Indian ponies, their full creels banging from their
+high-pommeled saddles. They had been fishing, and were our brethren
+therefore. We shouted aloud in chorus to scare a wild cat; we squabbled
+over the reasons that had led a snake to cross a road; we heaved bits of
+bark at a venturesome chipmunk, who was really the little gray squirrel
+of India and had come to call on me; we lost our way and got the wagon
+so beautifully fixed on a steep road that we had to tie the two
+hind-wheels to get it down. Above all, California told tales of Nevada
+and Arizona, of lonely nights spent out prospecting, of the slaughter of
+deer and the chase of men; of woman, lovely woman, who is a firebrand in
+a western city, and leads to the popping of pistols, and of the sudden
+changes and chances of fortune, who delights in making the miner or the
+lumberman a quadruplicate millionaire, and in &#8220;busting&#8221; the railroad
+king. That was a day to be remembered, and it had only begun when we
+drew rein at a tiny farmhouse on the banks of the Clackamas and sought
+horse-feed and lodging ere we hastened to the river that broke over a
+weir not over a quarter of a mile away.</p>
+
+<p>Imagine a stream seventy yards broad divided by a pebbly island, running
+over seductive riffles and swirling into deep, quiet pools where the
+good salmon goes to smoke his pipe after meals. Set such a stream amid
+fields of breast-high crops surrounded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span> by hills of pine, throw in where
+you please quiet water, log-fenced meadows, and a hundred foot bluff to
+keep the scenery from growing too monotonous, and you will get some
+faint notion of the Clackamas.</p>
+
+<p>Portland had no rod. He held the gaff and the whiskey. California
+sniffed, upstream and downstream across the racing water, chose his
+ground, and let the gaudy spoon drop in the tail of a riffle. I was
+getting my rod together when I heard the joyous shriek of the reel and
+the yells of California, and three feet of shining silver leaped into
+the air far across the water. The forces were engaged. The salmon tore
+up-stream, the tense line cutting the water like a tide-rip behind him,
+and the light bamboo bowed to breaking. What happened after I cannot
+tell. California swore and prayed, and Portland shouted advice, and I
+did all three for what appeared to be half a day, but was in reality a
+little over a quarter of an hour, and sullenly our fish came home with
+spurts of temper, dashes head-on, and sarabands in the air; but home to
+the bank came he, and the remorseless reel gathered up the thread of his
+life inch by inch. We landed him in a little bay, and the spring weight
+checked him at eleven and a half pounds. Eleven and a half pounds of
+fighting salmon! We danced a war dance on the pebbles, and California
+caught me around the waist in a hug that went near to breaking my ribs,
+while he shouted: &#8220;Partner! Partner! This is glory! Now you catch your
+fish! Twenty-four years I&#8217;ve waited for this!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>I went into that icy-cold river and made my cast just above a weir, and
+all but foul-hooked a blue<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span> and black water-snake with a coral mouth who
+coiled herself on a stone and hissed maledictions. The next cast&mdash;ah,
+the pride of it, the regal splendor of it! the thrill that ran down from
+finger-tip to toe! The water boiled. He broke for the fly and got it!
+There remained enough sense in me to give him all he wanted when he
+jumped not once but twenty times before the upstream flight that ran my
+line out to the last half-dozen turns, and I saw the nickeled reelbar
+glitter under the thinning green coils. My thumb was burned deep when I
+strove to stopper the line, but I did not feel it till later, for my
+soul was out in the dancing water praying for him to turn ere he took my
+tackle away. The prayer was heard. As I bowed back, the butt of the rod
+on my left hip-bone and the top joint dipping like unto a weeping
+willow, he turned, and I accepted each inch of slack that I could by any
+means get in as a favor from on high. There be several sorts of success
+in this world that taste well in the moment of enjoyment, but I question
+whether the stealthy theft of line from an able-bodied salmon who knows
+exactly what you are doing and why you are doing it is not sweeter than
+any other victory within human scope. Like California&#8217;s fish, he ran at
+me head-on and leaped against the line, but the Lord gave me two hundred
+and fifty pairs of fingers in that hour. The banks and the pine trees
+danced dizzily around me, but I only reeled as for life&mdash;reeled for
+hours, and at the end of the reeling continued to give him the butt
+while he sulked in a pool. California was farther up the reach, and with
+the corner of my eye I could see him casting with long casts and much<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span>
+skill. Then he struck, and my fish broke for the weir at the same
+instant, and down the reach went California and I, reel answering reel,
+even as the morning stars sung together.</p>
+
+<p>The first wild enthusiasm of capture had died away. We were both at work
+now in deadly earnest to prevent the lines fouling, to stall off a
+downstream rush for deep water just above the weir, and at the same time
+to get the fish into the shallow bay downstream that gave the best
+practicable landing. Portland bade us both be of good heart, and
+volunteered to take the rod from my hands. I would rather have died
+among the pebbles than surrender the right to play and land my first
+salmon, weight unknown, on an eight-ounce rod. I heard California, at my
+ear it seemed, gasping: &#8220;He&#8217;s a fighter from Fightersville, sure!&#8221; as
+his fish made a fresh break across the stream. I saw Portland fall off a
+log fence, break the overhanging bank, and clatter down to the pebbles
+all sand and landing net, and I dropped on a log to rest for a moment.</p>
+
+<p>As I drew breath the weary hands slackened their hold, and I forgot to
+give him the butt. A wild scutter in the water, a plunge and a break for
+the head-waters of the Clackamas was my reward, and the hot toil of
+reeling-in with one eye under the water and the other on the top joint
+of the rod, was renewed. Worst of all, I was blocking California&#8217;s path
+to the little landing bay aforesaid, and he had to halt and tire his
+prize where he was. &#8220;The father of all salmon!&#8221; he shouted. &#8220;For the
+love of heaven, get your <em>trout</em> to bank, Johnny Bull.&#8221; But I could do
+no more. Even the insult failed to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span> move me. The rest of the game was
+with the salmon. He suffered himself to be drawn, skipping with
+pretended delight at getting to the haven where I fain would have him.
+Yet no sooner did he feel shoal water under his ponderous belly than he
+backed like a torpedo boat, and the snarl of the reel told me that my
+labor was in vain. A dozen times at least this happened ere the line
+hinted that he had given up the battle and would be towed in. He was
+towed. The landing net was useless for one of his size, and I would not
+have him gaffed. I stepped into the shallows and heaved him out with a
+respectful hand under the gill, for which kindness he battered me about
+the legs with his tail, and I felt the strength of him and was proud.
+California had taken my place in the shallows, his fish hard held. I was
+up on the bank lying full length on the sweet-scented grass, gasping in
+company with my first salmon caught, played, and landed on an
+eight-ounce rod. My hands were cut and bleeding. I was dripping with
+sweat, spangled like harlequin with scales, wet from the waist down,
+nose peeled by the sun, but utterly, supremely, and consummately happy.
+He, the beauty, the daisy, the darling, my Salmon Bahadur, weighed
+twelve pounds, and I had been seven and thirty minutes bringing him to
+bank! He had been lightly hooked on the angle of the right jaw, and the
+hook had not wearied him. That hour I sat among princes and crowned
+heads&mdash;greater than them all. Below the bank we heard California
+scuffling with his salmon, and swearing Spanish oaths. Portland and I
+assisted at the capture, and the fish dragged the spring-balance out by
+the roots. It was only constructed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></span> to weigh up to fifteen pounds. We
+stretched the three fish on the grass,&mdash;the eleven-and-a-half, the
+twelve, and the fifteen-pounder, and we swore an oath that all who came
+after should merely be weighed and put back again.</p>
+
+<p>How shall I tell the glories of that day so that you may be interested?
+Again and again did California and I prance down that little reach to
+the little bay, each with a salmon in tow, and land him in the shallows.
+Then Portland took my rod, and caught some ten-pounders, and my spoon
+was carried away by an unknown leviathan. Each fish, for the merits of
+the three that had died so gamely, was hastily hooked on the balance and
+flung back, Portland recording the weight in a pocketbook, for he was a
+real-estate man. Each fish fought for all he was worth, and none more
+savagely than the smallest&mdash;a game little six-pounder. At the end of six
+hours we added up the list. Total: 16 fish, aggregate weight, 142 lbs.
+The score in detail runs something like this&mdash;it is only interesting to
+those concerned: 15, 11<span class="hide">&nbsp;</span><span class="num">1</span>/<span class="den">2</span>, 12, 10, 9<span class="hide">&nbsp;</span><span class="num">3</span>/<span class="den">4</span>, 8, and so forth; as I have
+said, nothing under six pounds, and three ten-pounders.</p>
+
+<p>Very solemnly and thankfully we put up our rods&mdash;it was glory enough for
+all time&mdash;and returned weeping in each other&#8217;s arms&mdash;weeping tears of
+pure joy&mdash;to that simple, barelegged family in the packing-case house by
+the waterside.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="WINTER_ANIMALS" id="WINTER_ANIMALS"></a>WINTER ANIMALS</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Henry David Thoreau</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapw"><span class="hide">W</span></span><span class="upper">hen</span> the ponds were firmly frozen, they afforded not only new and
+shorter routes to many points, but new views from their surfaces of the
+familiar landscape around them. When I crossed Flint&#8217;s Pond, after it
+was covered with snow, though I had often paddled about and skated over
+it, it was so unexpectedly wide and so strange that I could think of
+nothing but Baffin&#8217;s Bay. The Lincoln hills rose up around me at the
+extremity of a snowy plain, in which I did not remember to have stood
+before; and the fishermen, at an indeterminable distance over the ice,
+moving slowly about with their wolfish dogs, passed for sealers or
+Esquimaux, or in misty weather loomed like fabulous creatures, and I did
+not know whether they were giants or pygmies. I took this course when I
+went to lecture in Lincoln in the evening, traveling in no road and
+passing no house between my hut and the lecture room. In Goose Pond,
+which lay in my way, a colony of muskrats dwelt, and raised their cabins
+high above the ice, though none could be seen abroad when I crossed it.
+Walden, being like the rest usually bare of snow, or with only shallow
+and interrupted drifts on it, was my yard, where I could walk freely
+when the snow was nearly two feet deep on a level<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span> elsewhere and the
+villagers were confined to their streets. There, far from the village
+street, and, except at very long intervals, from the jingle of sleigh
+bells, I slid and skated, as in a vast moose-yard well trodden, overhung
+by oak woods and solemn pines bent down with snow or bristling with
+icicles.</p>
+
+<p>For sounds in winter nights, and often in winter days, I heard the
+forlorn but melodious note of a hooting owl indefinitely far; such a
+sound as the frozen earth would yield if struck with a suitable
+plectrum, the very <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">lingua vernacula</em> of Walden Wood, and quite familiar
+to me at last, though I never saw the bird while it was making it. I
+seldom opened my door in a winter evening without hearing; <em>Hoo hoo hoo,
+hoorer hoo</em>, sounded sonorously, and the first three syllables accented
+somewhat like <em>how der do</em>; or sometimes <em>hoo hoo</em> only. One night in
+the beginning of winter, before the pond froze over, about nine o&#8217;clock,
+I was startled by the loud honking of a goose, and, stepping to the
+door, heard the sound of their wings like a tempest in the woods as they
+flew low over my house. They passed over the pond toward Fair Haven,
+seemingly deterred from settling by my light, their commodore honking
+all the while with a regular beat. Suddenly an unmistakable cat-owl from
+very near me, with the most harsh and tremendous voice I ever heard from
+any inhabitant of the woods, responded at regular intervals to the
+goose, as if determined to expose and disgrace this intruder from
+Hudson&#8217;s Bay by exhibiting a greater compass and volume of voice in a
+native, and <em>boo-hoo</em> him out of Concord horizon. &#8220;What do you mean by
+alarming the citadel at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span> this time of night consecrated to me? Do you
+think I am ever caught napping at such an hour, and that I have not got
+lungs and a larynx as well as yourself? <em>Boo-hoo, boo-hoo, boo-hoo!</em>&#8220; It
+was one of the most thrilling discords I ever heard. And yet, if you had
+a discriminating ear, there were in it the elements of a concord such as
+these plains never saw nor heard.</p>
+
+<p>I also heard the whooping of the ice in the pond, my great bedfellow in
+that part of Concord, as if it were restless in its bed and would fain
+turn over, were troubled with flatulency and bad dreams; or I was waked
+by the cracking of the ground by the frost, as if some one had driven a
+team against my door, and in the morning would find a crack in the earth
+a quarter of a mile long and a third of an inch wide.</p>
+
+<p>Sometimes I heard the foxes as they ranged over the snow crust, in
+moonlight nights, in search of a partridge or other game, barking
+raggedly and demoniacally like forest dogs, as if laboring with some
+anxiety, or seeking expression, struggling for light and to be dogs
+outright and run freely in the streets; for if we take the ages into our
+account, may there not be a civilization going on among brutes as well
+as men? They seemed to me to be rudimental, burrowing men, still
+standing on their defence, awaiting their transformation. Sometimes one
+came near to my window, attracted by my light, barked a vulpine curse at
+me, and then retreated.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<a name="image43" id="image43"></a><a href="images/image43-full.png"><img src="images/image43.png" width="250" height="205" alt="A squirrel sitting on a fence, eating an ear of corn" title="THE RED SQUIRREL" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THE RED SQUIRREL</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Usually the red squirrel (<em lang="la" xml:lang="la">Sciurus Hudsonius</em>) waked me in the dawn,
+coursing over the roof and up and down the sides of the house, as if
+sent out of the woods for this purpose. In the course of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span> the winter I
+threw out half a bushel of ears of sweet corn, which had not got ripe,
+on to the snow crust by my door, and was amused by watching the motions
+of the various animals which were baited by it. In the twilight and the
+night the rabbits came regularly and made a hearty meal. All day long
+the red squirrels came and went, and afforded me much entertainment by
+their manoeuvres. One would approach at first warily through the
+shrub-oaks, running over the snow crust by fits and starts like a leaf
+blown by the wind, now a few paces this way, with wonderful speed and
+waste of energy, making inconceivable haste with his &#8220;trotters,&#8221; as if
+it were for a wager, and now as many paces that way, but never getting
+on more than half a rod<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span> at a time; and then suddenly pausing with a
+ludicrous expression and a gratuitous somerset, as if all the eyes in
+the universe were fixed on him&mdash;for all the motions of a squirrel, even
+in the most solitary recesses of the forest, imply spectators as much as
+those of a dancing girl&mdash;wasting more time in delay and circumspection
+than would have sufficed to walk the whole distance&mdash;I never saw one
+walk&mdash;and then suddenly, before you could say Jack Robinson, he would be
+in the top of a young pitch-pine, winding up his clock and chiding all
+imaginary spectators, soliloquizing and talking to all the universe at
+the same time&mdash;for no reason that I could ever detect, or he himself was
+aware of, I suspect.</p>
+
+<p>At length he would reach the corn, and selecting a suitable ear, brisk
+about in the same uncertain trigonometrical way to the topmost stick of
+my wood-pile, before my window, where he looked me in the face, and
+there sit for hours, supplying himself with a new ear from time to time,
+nibbling at first voraciously and throwing the half-naked cobs about;
+till at length he grew more dainty still and played with his food,
+tasting only the inside of the kernel, and the ear, which was held
+balanced over the stick by one paw, slipped from his careless grasp and
+fell to the ground, when he would look over at it with a ludicrous
+expression of uncertainty, as if suspecting that it had life, with a
+mind not made up whether to get it again, or a new one, or be off; now
+thinking of corn, then listening to hear what was in the wind. So the
+little impudent fellow would waste many an ear in a forenoon; till at
+last, seizing some longer and plumper one, considerably<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></span> bigger than
+himself, and skilfully balancing it, he would set out with it to the
+woods, like a tiger with a buffalo, by the same zigzag course and
+frequent pauses, scratching along with it as if it were too heavy for
+him and falling all the while, making its fall a diagonal between a
+perpendicular and horizontal, being determined to put it through at any
+rate&mdash;a singularly frivolous and whimsical fellow&mdash;and so he would get
+off with it to where he lived, perhaps carry it to the top of a pine
+tree forty or fifty rods distant, and I would afterward find the cobs
+strewed about the woods in various directions.</p>
+
+<p>At length the jays arrived, whose discordant screams were heard long
+before, as they were warily making their approach an eighth of a mile
+off; and in a stealthy and sneaking manner they flit from tree to tree,
+nearer and nearer, and pick up the kernels which the squirrels have
+dropped. Then, sitting on a pitch-pine bough, they attempt to swallow in
+their haste a kernel which is too big for their throats and chokes them;
+and after great labor they disgorge it, and spend an hour in the
+endeavor to crack it by repeated blows with their bills. They were
+manifestly thieves, and I had not much respect for them; but the
+squirrels, though at first shy, went to work as if they were taking what
+was their own.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile also came the chickadees in flocks, which, picking up the
+crumbs the squirrels had dropped, flew to the nearest twig, and, placing
+them under their claws, hammered away at them with their little bills,
+as if it were an insect in the bark, till they were sufficiently reduced
+for their slender throats. A little flock of these titmice came daily<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span>
+to pick a dinner out of my wood pile, or the crumbs at my door, with
+faint flitting lisping notes, like the tinkling of icicles in the grass,
+or else with sprightly <em>day day day</em>, or more rarely, in spring-like
+days, a wiry summery <em>phe-be</em> from the wood-side. They were so familiar
+that at length one alighted on an armful of wood which I was carrying
+in, and pecked at the sticks without fear. I once had a sparrow alight
+upon my shoulder for a moment while I was hoeing in a village garden,
+and I felt that I was more distinguished by that circumstance than I
+should have been by any epaulet I could have worn. The squirrels also
+grew at last to be quite familiar and occasionally stepped upon my shoe,
+when that was the nearest way.</p>
+
+<p>When the ground was not yet quite covered, and again near the end of
+winter, when the snow was melted on my south hillside and about my
+wood-pile, the partridges came out of the woods morning and evening to
+feed there. Whichever side you walk in the woods the partridge bursts
+away on whirring wings, jarring the snow from the dry leaves and twigs
+on high, which comes sifting down in the sunbeams like golden dust; for
+this brave bird is not to be scared by winter. It is frequently covered
+up by drifts, and, it is said, &#8220;sometimes plunges from on wing into the
+soft snow, where it remains concealed for a day or two.&#8221; I used to start
+them in the open land also, where they had come out of the woods at
+sunset to &#8220;bud&#8221; the wild apple trees. They will come regularly every
+evening to particular trees, where the cunning sportsman lies in wait
+for them, and the distant orchards next the woods suffer thus not a
+little.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span> I am glad that the partridge gets fed at any rate. It is
+Nature&#8217;s own bird which lives on buds and diet-drink.</p>
+
+<p>In dark winter mornings, or in short winter afternoons, I sometimes
+heard a pack of hounds threading all the woods with hounding cry and
+yelp, unable to resist the instinct of the chase, and the note of the
+hunting horn at intervals, proving that man was in the rear. The woods
+ring again, and yet no fox bursts forth on to the open level of the
+pond, nor following pack pursuing their Act&aelig;on. And perhaps at evening I
+see the hunters returning with a single brush trailing from their sleigh
+for a trophy, seeking their inn. They tell me that if the fox would
+remain in the bosom of the frozen earth he would be safe, or if he would
+run in a straight line away no foxhound could overtake him; but, having
+left his pursuers far behind, he stops to rest and listen till they come
+up, and when he runs he circles round to his old haunts, where the
+hunters await him. Sometimes, however, he will run upon a wall many
+rods, and then leap off far to one side, and he appears to know that
+water will not retain his scent. A hunter told me that he once saw a fox
+pursued by hounds burst out on to Walden when the ice was covered with
+shallow puddles, run part way across, and then return to the same shore.
+Ere long the hounds arrived, but here they lost the scent. Sometimes a
+pack hunting by themselves would pass my door, and circle round my
+house, and yelp and hound without regarding me, as if afflicted by a
+species of madness, so that nothing could divert them from the pursuit.
+Thus they circle until they fall upon the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></span> recent trail of a fox, for a
+wise hound will forsake everything else for this. One day a man came to
+my hut from Lexington to inquire after his hound that made a large
+track, and had been hunting for a week by himself. But I fear that he
+was not the wiser for all I told him, for every time I attempted to
+answer his questions he interrupted me by asking, &#8220;What do you do here?&#8221;
+He had lost a dog, but found a man.</p>
+
+<p>One old hunter who has a dry tongue, who used to come to bathe in Walden
+once every year when the water was warmest, and at such times looked in
+upon me, told me that many years ago he took his gun one afternoon and
+went out for a cruise in Walden Wood, and as he walked the Wayland road
+he heard the cry of hounds approaching, and ere long a fox leaped the
+wall into the road, and as quick as thought leaped the other wall out of
+the road, and his swift bullet had not touched him. Some way behind came
+an old hound and her three pups in full pursuit, hunting on their own
+account, and disappeared again in the woods. Later in the afternoon, as
+he was resting in the thick woods south of Walden, he heard the voice of
+the hounds far over toward Fair Haven still pursuing the fox; and on
+they came, their hounding cry which made all the woods ring sounding
+nearer and nearer, now from Well Meadow, now from the Baker Farm. For a
+long time he stood still and listened to their music, so sweet to a
+hunter&#8217;s ear, when suddenly the fox appeared, threading the solemn
+aisles with an easy coursing pace, whose sound was concealed by a
+sympathetic rustle of the leaves, swift and still, keeping the ground,
+leaving his pursuers far<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></span> behind; and, leaping upon a rock amid the
+woods, he sat erect and listening, with his back to the hunter. For a
+moment compassion restrained the latter&#8217;s arm; but that was a
+short-lived mood, and as quick as thought can follow thought his piece
+was levelled, and <em>whang!</em>&mdash;the fox rolling over the rock lay dead on
+the ground. The hunter still kept his place and listened to the hounds.
+Still on they came, and now the near woods resounded through all their
+aisles with their demoniac cry. At length the old hound burst into view
+with muzzle to the ground, and snapping the air as if possessed, and ran
+directly to the rock; but spying the dead fox she suddenly ceased her
+hounding, as if struck dumb with amazement, and walked round and round
+him in silence; and one by one her pups arrived, and, like their mother,
+were sobered into silence by the mystery. Then the hunter came forward
+and stood in their midst, and the mystery was solved. They waited in
+silence while he skinned the fox, then followed the brush awhile, and at
+length turned off into the woods again. That evening a Weston Squire
+came to the Concord hunter&#8217;s cottage to inquire for his hounds, and told
+how for a week they had been hunting on their own account from Weston
+woods. The Concord hunter told him what he knew and offered him the
+skin; but the other declined it and departed. He did not find his hounds
+that night, but the next day learned that they had crossed the river and
+put up at a farm-house for the night, whence, having been well fed, they
+took their departure early in the morning.</p>
+
+<p>The hunter who told me this could remember one Sam Nutting, who used to
+hunt bears on Fair-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span>Haven Ledges, and exchange their skins for rum in
+Concord village; who told him, even, that he had seen a moose there.
+Nutting had a famous foxhound named Burgoyne,&mdash;he pronounced it
+Bugine,&mdash;which my informant used to borrow. In the &#8220;Wast Book&#8221; of an old
+trader of this town, who was also a captain, townclerk, and
+representative, I find the following entry: Jan. 18th, 1742-3, &#8220;John
+Melven Cr. by 1 Grey Fox 0&mdash;2&mdash;3;&#8221; they are not found here; and in his
+ledger, Feb. 7th, 1743, Hezekiah Stratton has credit &#8220;by <span class="num">1</span>/<span class="den">2</span> a Catt skin
+0&mdash;1&mdash;4<span class="hide">&nbsp;</span><span class="num">1</span>/<span class="den">2</span>;&#8221; of course a wild cat, for Stratton was a sergeant in the
+old French war, and would not have got credit for hunting less noble
+game. Credit is given for deerskins also, and they were daily sold. One
+man still preserves the horns of the last deer that was killed in this
+vicinity, and another has told me the particulars of the hunt in which
+his uncle was engaged. The hunters were formerly a numerous and merry
+crew here. I remember well one gaunt Nimrod who would catch up a leaf by
+the road-side and play a strain on it wilder and more melodious, if my
+memory serves me, than any hunting horn.</p>
+
+<p>At midnight, when there was a moon, I sometimes met with hounds in my
+path prowling about the woods, which would skulk out of my way as if
+afraid, and stand silent amid the bushes till I had passed.</p>
+
+<p>Squirrels and wild mice disputed for my store of nuts. There were scores
+of pitch-pines around my house, from one to four inches in diameter,
+which had been gnawed by mice the previous winter,&mdash;a Norwegian winter
+for them, for the snow<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span> lay long and deep, and they were obliged to mix
+a large proportion of pine bark with their other diet. These trees were
+alive and apparently flourishing at midsummer, and many of them had
+grown a foot, though completely girdled; but after another winter such
+were without exception dead. It is remarkable that a single mouse should
+thus be allowed a whole pine tree for its dinner, gnawing round instead
+of up and down it; but perhaps it is necessary in order to thin these
+trees, which are wont to grow up densely.</p>
+
+<p>The hares (<em lang="la" xml:lang="la">Lepus Americanus</em>) were very familiar. One had her form
+under my house all winter, separated from me only by the flooring, and
+she startled me each morning by her hasty departure when I began to
+stir&mdash;thump, thump, thump, striking her head against the floor timbers
+in her hurry. They used to come round my door at dusk to nibble the
+potato parings which I had thrown out, and were so nearly the color of
+the ground that they could hardly be distinguished when still. Sometimes
+in the twilight I alternately lost and recovered sight of one sitting
+motionless under my window. When I opened my door in the evening, off
+they would go with a squeak and a bounce. Near at hand they only excited
+my pity. One evening one sat by my door two paces from me, at first
+trembling with fear, yet unwilling to move; a poor wee thing, lean and
+bony, with ragged ears and sharp nose, scant tail and slender paws. It
+looked as if Nature no longer contained the breed of nobler bloods, but
+stood on her last toes. Its large eyes appeared young and unhealthy,
+almost<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span> dropsical. I took a step, and lo, away it scudded with an
+elastic spring over the snow crust, straightening its body and its limbs
+into graceful length, and soon put the forest between me and itself&mdash;the
+wild free venison, asserting its vigor and the dignity of Nature. Not
+without reason was its slenderness. Such then was its nature (<em lang="la" xml:lang="la">Lepus,
+levipes</em>, lightfoot, some think).</p>
+
+<p>What is a country without rabbits and partridges? They are among the
+most simple and indigenous animal products; ancient and venerable
+families known to antiquity as to modern times; of the very hue and
+substance of Nature, nearest allied to leaves and to the ground&mdash;and to
+one another; it is either winged or it is legged. It is hardly as if you
+had seen a wild creature when a rabbit or a partridge bursts away, only
+a natural one, as much to be expected as rustling leaves. The partridge
+and the rabbit are still sure to thrive, like true natives of the soil,
+whatever revolutions occur. If the forest is cut off, the sprouts and
+bushes which spring up afford them concealment, and they become more
+numerous than ever. That must be a poor country indeed that does not
+support a hare. Our woods teem with them both, and around every swamp
+may be seen the partridge or rabbit walk, beset with twiggy fences and
+horse-hair snares, which some cow-boy tends.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="TREES_AND_ANTS_THAT_HELP_EACH_OTHER" id="TREES_AND_ANTS_THAT_HELP_EACH_OTHER"></a>TREES AND ANTS THAT HELP EACH OTHER<a name="Anchor_306-1" id="Anchor_306-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 306-1" href="#Footnote_306-1" class="fnanchor" style="font-size: 70%;">306-1</a></h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Thomas Belt</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapo"><span class="hide">O</span></span><span class="upper">ne</span> low tree, very characteristic of the dry savannahs, is a species of
+acacia, belonging to the section <em lang="la" xml:lang="la">Gummiferoe</em>, with bi-pinnate leaves,
+growing to a height of fifteen or twenty feet. The branches and trunk
+are covered with strong curved spines, set in pairs, from which it
+receives the name of the bull&#8217;s-horn, they having a very strong
+resemblance to the horns of that quadruped. These horns are hollow, and
+are tenanted by ants, that make a small hole for their entrance and exit
+near one end of the thorn, and also burrow through the partition that
+separates the two horns; so that the one entrance serves for both. Here
+they rear their young, and in the wet season every one of the thorns is
+tenanted, and hundreds of ants are to be seen running about, especially
+over the young leaves. If one of these be touched, or a branch shaken,
+the little ants swarm out from the hollow thorns, and attack the
+aggressor with jaws and sting. They sting severely, raising a little
+white lump that does not disappear in less than twenty-four hours.</p>
+
+<p>These ants form a most efficient standing army for the plant, which
+prevents not only the mammalia from browsing on the leaves, but delivers
+it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span> from the attacks of a much more dangerous enemy&mdash;the leaf-cutting
+ants. For these services the ants are not only securely housed by the
+plant, but are provided with a bountiful supply of food; and to secure
+their attendance at the right time and place, this food is so arranged
+and distributed as to effect that object with wonderful perfection. The
+leaves are bi-pinnate. At the base of each pair of leaflets, on the
+midrib, is a crater-formed gland, which, when the leaves are young,
+secretes a honey-like liquid. Of this the ants are very fond; they are
+constantly running about from one gland to another to sip up the honey
+as it is secreted. But this is not all; there is a still more wonderful
+provision of more solid food. At the end of each of the small divisions
+of the compound leaflet there is, when the leaf first unfolds, a little
+yellow fruit-like body united by a point at its base to the end of the
+pinnule. Examined through a microscope, this little appendage looks like
+a golden pear. When the leaf first unfolds, the little pears are not
+quite ripe, and the ants are continually employed going from one to
+another, examining them. When an ant finds one sufficiently advanced, it
+bites the small point of attachment; then, bending down the fruit-like
+body, it breaks it off and bears it away in triumph to the nest. All the
+fruit-like bodies do not ripen at once, but successively, so that the
+ants are kept about the young leaf for some time after it unfolds. Thus
+the young leaves are always guarded by the ants; and no caterpillar or
+large animal could attempt to injure them without being attacked by the
+little warriors. The fruit-like bodies are about one-twelfth of an inch
+long, and are about one-third<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span> of the size of the ants; so that the ant
+bearing one away is as heavily laden as a man bearing a large bunch of
+plantains. I think these facts show that the ants are really kept by the
+acacia as a standing army, to protect its leaves from the attacks of
+herbivorous mammals and insects.</p>
+
+<p>The bull&#8217;s-horn thorn does not grow at the mines in the forest, nor are
+the small ants attending on them found there. They seem specially
+adapted for the tree, and I have seen them nowhere else. Besides the
+little ants, I found another ant that lives on these acacias, whose
+habits appear to be rather different. It makes the holes of entrance to
+the thorns near the centre of one of each pair, and not near the end,
+and it is not so active as the other species. It is also rather scarce;
+but when it does occur, it occupies the whole tree, to the exclusion of
+the other. The glands on the acacia are also frequented by a small
+species of wasp. I sowed the seeds of the acacia in my garden, and
+reared some young plants. Ants of many kinds were numerous; but none of
+them took to the thorns for shelter, nor the glands and fruit-like
+bodies for food; for, as I have already mentioned, the species that
+attend on the thorns are not found in the forest. The leaf-cutting ants
+attacked the young plants, and defoliated them; but I have never seen
+any of the trees out on the savannahs that are guarded touched by them,
+and have no doubt the acacia is protected from them by its little
+warriors. The thorns, when they are first developed, are soft, and
+filled with a sweetish, pulpy substance; so that the ant, when it makes
+an entrance into them, finds its new house full of food. It hollows this
+out,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span> leaving only the hardened shell of the thorn. Strange to say, this
+treatment seems to favor the development of the thorn, as it increases
+in size, bulging out toward the base; whilst in my plants that were not
+touched by the ants, the thorns turned yellow and dried up into dead but
+persistent prickles. I am not sure, however, that this may not have been
+due to the habitat of the plant not suiting it.</p>
+
+<p>These ants seem to lead the happiest of existences. Protected by their
+stings, they fear no foe. Habitations full of food are provided for them
+to commence housekeeping with; and cups of nectar and luscious fruits
+await them every day. But there is a reverse to the picture. In the dry
+season on the plains, the acacias cease to grow. No young leaves are
+produced, and the old glands do not secrete honey. Then want and hunger
+overtake the ants that have reveled in luxury all the wet season; many
+of the thorns are depopulated, and only a few ants live through the
+season of scarcity. As soon, however, as the first rains set in, the
+trees throw out numerous vigorous shoots, and the ants multiply again
+with astonishing rapidity.</p>
+
+<p>Both in Brazil and in Nicaragua I paid much attention to the relation
+between the presence of honey-secreting glands on plants, and the
+protection the latter secured by the attendance of ants attracted by the
+honey. I found many plants so protected; the glands being specially
+developed on the young leaves, and on the sepals of the flowers. Besides
+the bull&#8217;s-horn acacias, I, however, only met with two other genera of
+plants that furnished the ants with houses, namely, the trumpet tree
+and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span> some of the evergreen shrubs; but I have no doubt that there are
+many others. The stem of the Cecropia, or trumpet tree, is hollow, and
+divided into cells by partitions that extend across the interior of the
+hollow trunk. The ants gain access by making a hole from the outside,
+and then burrow through the partitions, thus getting the run of the
+whole stem. They do not obtain their food directly from the tree, but
+keep brown scale insects in the cells, which suck the juices from the
+tree, and secrete a honey-like fluid that exudes from a pore on the
+back, and is lapped up by the ants. In one cell eggs will be found, in
+another grubs, and in a third pup&aelig;, all lying loosely. In another cell,
+by itself, a queen ant will be found, surrounded by walls made of a
+brown waxy-looking substance, along with about a dozen scale insects to
+supply her with food. I suppose the eggs are removed as soon as laid,
+for I never found any along with the queen ant. If the tree be shaken,
+the ants rush out in myriads, and search about for the molester. This
+case is not like the last one, where the tree has provided food and
+shelter for the ants, but rather one where the ant has taken possession
+of the tree, and brought with it the scale insects; but I believe that
+its presence must be beneficial. I have cut into some dozens of the
+trumpet trees, and never could find one that was not tenanted by ants. I
+noticed three different species, all, as far as I know, confined to the
+trumpet tree, and all farming scale insects. As in the bull&#8217;s-horn
+thorn, there is never more than one species of ant on the same tree.</p>
+
+<p>In some species of evergreen shrub there is a direct provision of houses
+for the ants. In each<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span> leaf, at the base of the lamin&aelig;, the petiole, or
+stalk, is furnished with a couple of pouches, divided from each other by
+the midrib. Into each of these pouches there is an entrance from the
+lower side of the leaf. I noticed them first in Northern Brazil, in the
+province of Maranham; and afterwards at Para. Every pouch was occupied
+by a nest of small black ants; and if the leaf was shaken ever so
+little, they would rush out and scour all over it in search of the
+aggressor. I must have tested some hundreds of leaves, and never shook
+one without the ants coming out, excepting one sickly-looking plant at
+Para. In many of the pouches I noticed the eggs and young ants, and in
+some I saw a few dark-colored scale insects or plant lice; but my
+attention had not been at that time directed to the latter as supplying
+the ants with food, and I did not examine a sufficient number of pouches
+to determine whether they were constant occupants of the nests or not;
+but my experience since with the trumpet trees would lead me to expect
+that they were. If so, we have an instance of two insects and a plant
+living together, and all benefited by the companionship. The leaves of
+the plant are guarded by the ants; the ants are provided with houses by
+the plant, and food by the scale insects and plant lice; and the latter
+are effectually protected by the ants in their common habitation.</p>
+
+<p>Amongst the numerous plants that do not provide houses, but attract ants
+to their leaves and flower buds by means of glands secreting a
+honey-like liquid, are many orchids, and I think all the species of
+passion flowers. I had the common red<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[312]</a></span> passion flower growing over the
+front on my verandah, where it was continually under my notice. It had
+honey-secreting glands on its young leaves and on the sepals of the
+flower buds. For two years I noticed that the glands were constantly
+attended by a small ant, and, night and day, every young leaf and every
+flower bud had a few on them. They did not sting, but attacked and bit
+my finger when I touched the plant. I have no doubt that the primary
+object of these honey-glands was to attract the ants, and keep them
+about the most tender and vulnerable parts of the plant, to prevent them
+being injured; and I further believe that one of the principal enemies
+that they serve to guard against in tropical America is the leaf-cutting
+ant, as I have noticed that the latter are very much afraid of the small
+black ants.</p>
+
+<p>On the third year after I had noticed the attendance of the ants on my
+passion flower, I found that the glands were not so well looked after as
+before, and soon discovered that a number of scale insects had
+established themselves on the stems, and that the ants had in a great
+measure transferred their attentions to them. An ant would stand over a
+scale insect and stroke it alternately on each side with its antennas,
+whereupon every now and then a clear drop of honey would exude from a
+pore on the back of the scale insect and be imbibed by the ant. Here it
+was clear that the scale insect was competing successfully with the
+leaves and sepals for the attendance and protection of the ants, and was
+successful either through the fluid it furnished being more attractive
+or more abundant. I have, from these facts, been led to the conclusion
+that the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span> use of honey-secreting glands in plants is to attract insects
+that will protect the flower buds and leaves from being injured by
+herbivorous insects and mammals; but I do not mean to infer that this is
+the use of all glands, for many of the small appendicular bodies, called
+&#8220;glands&#8221; by botanists, do not secrete honey. The common dog-rose of
+England is furnished with glands on the stipules, and in other species
+they are more numerous, until in the wild rose of the northern counties
+the leaves are thickly edged, and the fruit and sepals covered with
+stalked glands. I have only observed the wild roses in the north of
+England, but there I have never seen insects attending the glands. These
+glands, however, do not secrete honey; but a dark, resinous, sticky
+liquid, that probably is useful by being distasteful to both insects and
+mammals.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 194px;">
+<img src="images/image44.png" width="194" height="169" alt="Leafy twig with ants walking on it" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_306-1" id="Footnote_306-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_306-1" class="label">306-1</a> From <cite>The Naturalist in Nicaragua</cite>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_FAMILY_OF_MICHAEL_AROUT" id="THE_FAMILY_OF_MICHAEL_AROUT"></a>THE FAMILY OF MICHAEL AROUT<a name="Anchor_314-1" id="Anchor_314-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 314-1" href="#Footnote_314-1" class="fnanchor" style="font-size: 70%;">314-1</a></h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>From the French of</em> <span class="smcap">Emile Souvestre</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcaps"><span class="hide"><em>S</em></span></span><span class="upper"><em>eptember</em></span> <em>15th, Eight O&#8217;clock.</em>&mdash;This morning, while I was arranging my
+books, Mother Genevieve came in and brought me the basket of fruit I buy
+of her every Sunday. For nearly twenty years that I have lived in this
+quarter I have dealt in her little fruit shop. Perhaps I should be
+better served elsewhere, but Mother Genevieve has but little custom; to
+leave her would do her harm and cause her unnecessary pain. It seems to
+me that the length of our <a name="corr10" id="corr10"></a>acquaintance has made me incur a sort of
+tacit obligation to her; my patronage has become her property.</p>
+
+<p>She has put the basket upon my table, and as I wanted her husband, who
+is a joiner, to add some shelves to my bookcase, she has gone downstairs
+again immediately to send him to me.</p>
+
+<p>At first I did not notice either her looks or the sound of her voice;
+but, now that I recall them, it seems to me that she was not as jovial
+as usual. Can Mother Genevieve be in trouble about anything?</p>
+
+<p>Poor woman! All her best years were subject to such bitter trials that
+she might think she had received her full share already. Were I to live
+a hundred years I should never forget the circumstances<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span> which first
+made her known to me and which obtained her my respect.</p>
+
+<p>It was at the time of my first settling in the faubourg. I had noticed
+her empty fruit shop, which nobody came into, and being attracted by its
+forsaken appearance I made my little purchases in it. I have always
+instinctively preferred the poor shops; there is less choice in them,
+but it seems to me that my purchase is a sign of sympathy with a brother
+in poverty. These little dealings are almost always an anchor of hope to
+those whose very existence is in peril&mdash;the only means by which some
+orphan gains a livelihood. There the aim of the tradesman is not to
+enrich himself, but to live! The purchase you make of him is more than
+an exchange&mdash;it is a good action.</p>
+
+<p>Mother Genevieve at that time was still young, but had already lost that
+fresh bloom of youth which suffering causes to wither so soon among the
+poor. Her husband, a clever joiner, gradually left off working to
+become, according to the picturesque expression of the workshops, &#8220;a
+worshipper of Saint Monday.&#8221; The wages of the week, which was always
+reduced to two or three working days, were completely dedicated by him
+to the worship of this god of the Barriers,<a name="Anchor_315-2" id="Anchor_315-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 315-2" href="#Footnote_315-2" class="fnanchor">315-2</a> and Genevieve was
+obliged herself to provide for all the wants of the household.</p>
+
+<p>One evening, when I went to make some trifling purchases of her, I heard
+a sound of quarreling in the back shop. There were the voices of several
+women, among which I distinguished that of Genevieve, broken by sobs. On
+looking further in, I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span> perceived the fruit-woman with a child in her
+arms, and kissing it, while a country nurse seemed to be claiming her
+wages from her. The poor woman, who without doubt had exhausted every
+explanation and every excuse, was crying in silence, and one of her
+neighbors was trying in vain to appease the countrywoman. Excited by
+that love of money which the evils of a hard peasant life but too well
+excuse, and disappointed by the refusal of her expected wages, the nurse
+was launching forth in recriminations, threats, and abuse. In spite of
+myself, I listened to the quarrel, not daring to interfere, and not
+thinking of going away, when Michael Arout appeared at the shop door.</p>
+
+<p>The joiner had just come from the Barrier, where he had passed part of
+the day at the public-house. His blouse, without a belt, and untied at
+the throat, showed none of the noble stains of work; in his hand he held
+his cap, which he had just picked up out of the mud; his hair was in
+disorder, his eye fixed, and the pallor of drunkenness in his face. He
+came reeling in, looked wildly around him, and called Genevieve.</p>
+
+<p>She heard his voice, gave a start, and rushed into the shop; but at the
+sight of the miserable man, who was trying in vain to steady himself,
+she pressed the child in her arms and bent over it with tears.</p>
+
+<p>The countrywoman and the neighbor had followed her.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Come! come! do you intend to pay me, after all?&#8221; cried the former in a
+rage.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ask the master for the money,&#8221; ironically answered the woman from the
+next door, pointing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span> to the joiner, who had just fallen against the
+counter.</p>
+
+<p>The countrywoman looked at him.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ah! he is the father,&#8221; returned she. &#8220;Well, what idle beggars! not to
+have a penny to pay honest people, and get tipsy with wine in that way.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The drunkard raised his head.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What! what!&#8221; stammered he; &#8220;who is it that talks of wine? I&#8217;ve had
+nothing but brandy! But I am going back again to get some wine! Wife,
+give me your money; there are some friends waiting for me at the wine
+shop.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Genevieve did not answer; he went round the counter, opened the till,
+and began to rummage in it.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You see where the money of the house goes!&#8221; observed the neighbor to
+the countrywoman; &#8220;how can the poor unhappy woman pay you when he takes
+all?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Is that my fault?&#8221; replied the nurse angrily. &#8220;They owe it to me and
+somehow or other they must pay me!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>And letting loose her tongue, as those women out of the country do, she
+began relating at length all the care she had taken of the child and all
+the expense it had been to her. In proportion as she recalled all she
+had done, her words seemed to convince her more than ever of her rights
+and to increase her anger. The poor mother, who no doubt feared that her
+violence would frighten the child, returned into the back shop and put
+it into its cradle.</p>
+
+<p>Whether it is that the countrywoman saw in this act a determination to
+escape her claims, or that she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span> was blinded by passion, I cannot say;
+but she rushed into the next room, where I heard the sounds of
+quarreling, with which the cries of the child were soon mingled. The
+joiner, who was still rummaging in the till, was startled and raised his
+head.</p>
+
+<p>At the same moment Genevieve appeared at the door, holding in her arms
+the baby that the countrywoman was trying to tear from her. She ran
+toward the counter, and throwing herself behind her husband cried:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Michael, defend your son!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The drunken man quickly stood up erect, like one who awakes with a
+start.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;My son!&#8221; stammered he; &#8220;what son?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>His looks fell upon the child; a vague ray of intelligence passed over
+his features.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Robert,&#8221; resumed he; &#8220;it is Robert!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>He tried to steady himself on his feet, that he might take the baby, but
+he tottered. The nurse approached him in a rage.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;My money, or I shall take the child away!&#8221; cried she. &#8220;It is I who have
+fed and brought it up: if you don&#8217;t pay me for what has made it live, it
+ought to be the same to you as if it were dead. I shall not go until I
+have my due or the baby.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And what would you do with him?&#8221; murmured Genevieve, pressing Robert
+against her bosom.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Take it to the Foundling!&#8221; replied the countrywoman harshly; &#8220;the
+hospital is a better mother than you are, for it pays for the food of
+its little ones.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>At the word &#8220;Foundling,&#8221; Genevieve had exclaimed aloud in horror. With
+her arms wound round her son, whose head she hid in her bosom,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span> and her
+two hands spread over him, she had retreated to the wall, and remained
+with her back against it, like a lioness defending her young ones. The
+neighbor and I contemplated this scene, without knowing how we could
+interfere. As for Michael, he looked at us by turns, making a visible
+effort to comprehend it all. When his eye rested upon Genevieve and the
+child, it lit up with a gleam of pleasure; but when he turned toward us,
+he again became stupid and hesitating.</p>
+
+<p>At last, apparently making a prodigious effort, he cried out, &#8220;Wait!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>And going to a tub full of water, he plunged his face into it several
+times.</p>
+
+<p>Every eye was turned upon him; the countrywoman herself seemed
+astonished. At length he raised his dripping head. This ablution had
+partly dispelled his drunkenness; he looked at us for a moment, then he
+turned to Genevieve, and his face brightened up.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Robert!&#8221; cried he, going up to the child and taking him in his arms.
+&#8220;Ah! give him me, wife; I must look at him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The mother seemed to give up his son to him with reluctance, and stayed
+before him with her arms extended, as if she feared the child would have
+a fall. The nurse began again in her turn to speak, and renewed her
+claims, this time threatening to appeal to law. At first Michael
+listened to her attentively, and when he comprehended her meaning he
+gave the child back to its mother.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How much do we owe you?&#8221; asked he.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image45" id="image45"></a><a href="images/image45-full.png"><img src="images/image45.png" width="252" height="398" alt="A group of people in a vegetable shop, talking" title="&#8220;HOW MUCH DO WE OWE YOU?&#8221;" /></a>
+<span class="caption">&#8220;HOW MUCH DO WE OWE YOU?&#8221;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The countrywoman began to reckon up the different expenses, which
+amounted to nearly 30<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321"><br />[321]</a></span> francs. The joiner felt to the bottom of his
+pockets, but could find nothing. His forehead became contracted by
+frowns; low curses began to escape him. All of a sudden he rummaged in
+his breast, drew forth a large watch, and holding it up above his head&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Here it is&mdash;here&#8217;s your money!&#8221; cried he with a joyful laugh; &#8220;a watch,
+number one! I always said it would keep for a drink on a dry day; but it
+is not I who will drink it, but the young one. Ah! ah! ah! go and sell
+it for me, neighbor, and if that is not enough, I have my earrings. Eh!
+Genevieve, take them off for me; the earrings will square all! They
+shall not say you have been disgraced on account of the child&mdash;no, not
+even if I must pledge a bit of my flesh! My watch, my earrings, and my
+ring&mdash;get rid of all of them for me at the goldsmith&#8217;s; pay the woman
+and let the little fool go to sleep. Give him me, Genevieve; I will put
+him to bed.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>And taking the baby from the arms of his mother, he carried him with a
+firm step to his cradle.</p>
+
+<p>It was easy to perceive the change which took place in Michael from this
+day. He cut all his old drinking acquaintances. He went early every
+morning to his work, and returned regularly in the evening to finish the
+day with Genevieve and Robert. Very soon he would not leave them at all,
+and he hired a place near the fruit shop and worked in it on his own
+account.</p>
+
+<p>They would soon have been able to live in comfort, had it not been for
+the expenses which the child required. Everything was given up to his
+education. He had gone through the regular school<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span> training, had studied
+mathematics, drawing, and the carpenter&#8217;s trade, and had only begun to
+work a few months ago. Till now, they had been exhausting every resource
+which their laborious industry could provide to push him forward in his
+business; but, happily, all these exertions had not proved useless; the
+seed had brought forth its fruits, and the days of harvest were close
+by.</p>
+
+<p>While I was thus recalling these remembrances to my mind, Michael had
+come in and was occupied in fixing shelves where they were wanted.</p>
+
+<p>During the time I was writing the notes of my journal, I was also
+scrutinizing the joiner.</p>
+
+<p>The excesses of his youth and the labor of his manhood have deeply
+marked his face; his hair is thin and gray, his shoulders stooping, his
+legs shrunken and slightly bent. There seems a sort of weight in his
+whole being. His very features have an expression of sorrow and
+despondency. He answered my questions by monosyllables, and like a man
+who wishes to avoid conversation. From whence is this dejection, when
+one would think he had all he could wish for? I should like to know!</p>
+
+<p><em>Ten O&#8217;clock.</em>&mdash;Michael is just gone downstairs to look for a tool he
+has forgotten. I have at last succeeded in drawing from him the secret
+of his and Genevieve&#8217;s sorrow. Their son Robert is the cause of it!</p>
+
+<p>Not that he has turned out ill after all their care&mdash;not that he is idle
+and dissipated; but both were in hopes he would never leave them any
+more. The presence of the young man was to have renewed and made glad
+their lives once more; his mother<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span> counted the days, his father prepared
+everything to receive their dear associate in their toils; and at the
+moment when they were thus about to be repaid for all their sacrifices,
+Robert had suddenly informed them that he had just engaged himself to a
+contractor at Versailles.</p>
+
+<p>Every remonstrance and every prayer were useless; he brought forward the
+necessity of initiating himself into all the details of an important
+contract, the facilities he should have in his new position of improving
+himself in his trade, and the hopes he had of turning his knowledge to
+advantage. At last, when his mother, having come to the end of her
+arguments, began to cry, he hastily kissed her and went away that he
+might avoid any further remonstrances.</p>
+
+<p>He had been absent a year, and there was nothing to give them hopes of
+his return. His parents hardly saw him once a month, and then he only
+stayed a few moments with them.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I have been punished where I had hoped to be rewarded,&#8221; Michael said to
+me just now. &#8220;I had wished for a saving and industrious son, and God has
+given me an ambitious and avaricious one! I had always said to myself
+that when once he was grown up we should have him always with us, to
+recall our youth and to enliven our hearts. His mother was always
+thinking of getting him married and having children again to care for.
+You know women always will busy themselves about others. As for me, I
+thought of him working near my bench and singing his new songs; for he
+has learned music and is one of the best singers at the Orph&eacute;on. A
+dream, sir, truly! Directly the bird was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span> fledged, he took to flight,
+and remembers neither father nor mother. Yesterday, for instance, was
+the day we expected him; he should have come to supper with us. No
+Robert to-day either! He has had some plan to finish, or some bargain to
+arrange, and his old parents are put down last in the accounts, after
+the customer&#8217;s and the joiner&#8217;s work. Ah! if I could have guessed how it
+would have turned out! Fool! to have sacrificed my likings and my money,
+for nearly twenty years, to the education of a thankless son! Was it for
+this I took the trouble to cure myself of drinking, to break with my
+friends, to become an example to the neighborhood? The jovial good
+fellow has made a goose of himself. Oh! if I had to begin again! No, no!
+you see women and children are our bane. They soften our hearts; they
+lead us a life of hope and affection; we pass a quarter of our lives in
+fostering the growth of a grain of corn which is to be everything to us
+in our old age, and when the harvest-time comes&mdash;good night, the ear is
+empty!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>While he was speaking, Michael&#8217;s voice became hoarse, his eye fierce,
+and his lips quivered. I wished to answer him, but I could only think of
+commonplace consolations, and I remained silent. The joiner pretended he
+wanted a tool and left me.</p>
+
+<p>Poor father! Ah! I know those moments of temptation when virtue has
+failed to reward us and we regret having obeyed her! Who has not felt
+this weakness in hours of trial, and who has not uttered, at least once,
+the mournful exclamation of Brutus?</p>
+
+<p>But if virtue is only a word, what is there then in life which is true
+and real? No, I will not believe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span> that goodness is in vain! It does not
+always give the happiness we had hoped for, but it brings some other. In
+the world everything is ruled by order and has its proper and necessary
+consequences, and virtue cannot be the sole exception to the general
+law. If it had been prejudicial to those who practice it, experience
+would have avenged them; but experience has, on the contrary, made it
+more universal and more holy. We only accuse it of being a faithless
+debtor because we demand an immediate payment, and one apparent to our
+senses. We always consider life as a fairy tale, in which every good
+action must be rewarded by a visible wonder. We do not accept as payment
+a peaceful conscience, self-content, or a good name among men&mdash;treasures
+that are more precious than any other, but the value of which we do not
+feel till after we have lost them!</p>
+
+<p>Michael is come back and returned to his work. His son had not yet
+arrived.</p>
+
+<p>By telling me of his hopes and his grievous disappointments, he became
+excited; he unceasingly went over again the same subject, always adding
+something to his griefs. He has just wound up his confidential discourse
+by speaking to me of a joiner&#8217;s business which he had hoped to buy and
+work to good account with Robert&#8217;s help. The present owner had made a
+fortune by it, and after thirty years of business he was thinking of
+retiring to one of the ornamental cottages in the outskirts of the city,
+a usual retreat for the frugal and successful workingman. Michael had
+not indeed the 2,000 francs which must be paid down; but perhaps he
+could have persuaded Master Benoit to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span> wait. Robert&#8217;s presence would
+have been a security for him, for the young man could not fail to insure
+the prosperity of a workshop; besides science and skill, he had the
+power of invention and bringing to perfection. His father had discovered
+among his drawings a new plan for a staircase, which had occupied his
+thoughts for a long time; and he even suspected him of having engaged
+himself to the Versailles contractor for the very purpose of executing
+it. The youth was tormented by this spirit of invention, and while
+devoting his mind to study he had not time to listen to his feelings.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<a name="image46" id="image46"></a><a href="images/image46-full.png"><img src="images/image46.png" width="250" height="198" alt="Two men talking in a book-filled room" title="MICHAEL IS COME BACK" /></a>
+<span class="caption">MICHAEL IS COME BACK</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Michael told me all this with a mixed feeling of pride and vexation. I
+saw he was proud of the son he was abusing, and that his very pride made
+him more sensible of that son&#8217;s neglect.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span><em>Six O&#8217;clock P. M.</em>&mdash;I have just finished a happy day. How many events
+have happened within a few hours, and what a change for Genevieve and
+Michael!</p>
+
+<p>He had just finished fixing the shelves and telling me of his son, while
+I laid the cloth for my breakfast.</p>
+
+<p>Suddenly we heard hurried steps in the passage, the door opened, and
+Genevieve entered with Robert. The joiner gave a start of joyful
+surprise, but he repressed it immediately, as if he wished to keep up
+the appearance of displeasure.</p>
+
+<p>The young man did not appear to notice it, but threw himself into his
+arms in an open-hearted manner which surprised me. Genevieve, whose face
+shone with happiness, seemed to wish to speak, and to restrain herself
+with difficulty.</p>
+
+<p>I told Robert I was glad to see him, and he answered me with ease and
+civility.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I expected you yesterday,&#8221; said Michael Arout rather dryly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Forgive me, father,&#8221; replied the young workman, &#8220;but I had business at
+<abbr title="saint">St.</abbr> Germain&#8217;s. I was not able to come back till it was very late, and
+then the master kept me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The joiner looked at his son sideways, and then took up his hammer
+again.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;All right,&#8221; muttered he in a grumbling tone; &#8220;when we are with other
+people we must do as they wish; but there are some who would like better
+to eat brown bread with their own knife than partridges with the silver
+fork of a master.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And I am one of those, father,&#8221; replied Robert merrily; &#8220;but, as the
+proverb says, &#8216;you must shell<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span> the peas before you can eat them.&#8217; It was
+necessary that I should first work in a great workshop&mdash;&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;To go on with your plan of the staircase,&#8221; interrupted Michael,
+ironically.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You must now say <span lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"><abbr title="Monsieur">M.</abbr> Raymond&#8217;s</span> plan, father,&#8221; replied Robert, smiling.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Because I have sold it to him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The joiner, who was planing a board, turned round quickly.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Sold it!&#8221; cried he, with sparkling eyes.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;For the reason that I was not rich enough to give it him.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Michael threw down the board and tool.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There he is again!&#8221; resumed he angrily; &#8220;his good genius puts an idea
+into his head which would have made him known, and he goes and sells it
+to a rich man, who will take all the honor of it himself.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, what harm is there done?&#8221; asked Genevieve.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What harm!&#8221; cried the joiner in a passion. &#8220;You understand nothing
+about it&mdash;you are a woman; but he&mdash;he knows well that a true workman
+never gives up his own inventions for money, no more than a soldier
+would give up his cross. That is his glory; he is bound to keep it for
+the honor it does him! Ah! thunder! if I had ever made a discovery,
+rather than put it up at auction I would have sold one of my eyes! Don&#8217;t
+you see that a new invention is like a child to a workman? He takes care
+of it, he makes a way for it in the world, and it is only poor creatures
+who sell it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span>Robert colored a little.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You will think differently, father,&#8221; said he, &#8220;when you know why I sold
+my plan.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Yes, and you will thank him for it,&#8221; added Genevieve, who could no
+longer keep silence.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Never!&#8221; replied Michael.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;But, wretched man!&#8221; cried she, &#8220;he only sold it for our sakes!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The joiner looked at his wife and son with astonishment. The latter
+related how he had entered into a negotiation with Master Benoit, who
+had positively refused to sell his business unless one-half of the 2,000
+francs were first paid down. It was in the hopes of obtaining this sum
+that he had gone to work with the contractor at Versailles; he had had
+an opportunity of trying his invention and of finding a purchaser.
+Thanks to the money he received for it, he had just concluded the
+bargain with Benoit, and had brought his father the key of the new
+work-yard.</p>
+
+<p>This explanation was given by the young workman with so much modesty and
+simplicity that I was quite affected by it. Genevieve cried; Michael
+pressed his son to his heart, and seemed to ask his pardon for having
+unjustly accused him.</p>
+
+<p>All was now explained with honor to Robert. The conduct which his
+parents had ascribed to indifference really sprang from affection; he
+had neither obeyed the voice of ambition nor of avarice, nor even the
+nobler inspiration of inventive genius; his whole motive and single aim
+had been the happiness of Genevieve and Michael. The day for proving his
+gratitude had come, and he had returned them sacrifice for sacrifice!</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span>After the explanation and exclamations of joy were over, all three were
+about to leave me; but the cloth being laid, I added three more places,
+and kept them to breakfast.</p>
+
+<p>The meal was prolonged: the fare was only tolerable, but the
+overflowings of affection made it delicious. Never had I better
+understood the unspeakable charm of family love. What calm enjoyment in
+that happiness which is always shared with others; in that community of
+interests which unites such various feeling; in that association of
+existences which forms one single being of so many! What is man without
+those home affections which, like so many roots, fix him firmly in the
+earth and permit him to imbibe all the juices of life? Energy,
+happiness&mdash;does it not all come from them? Without family life where
+would man learn to love, to associate, to deny himself? A community in
+little, is it not this which teaches us how to live in the great one?
+Such is the holiness of home, that to express our relation with God we
+have been obliged to borrow the words invented for our family life. Men
+have named themselves the sons of a heavenly Father!</p>
+
+<p>Ah! let us carefully preserve these chains of domestic union; do not let
+us unbind the human sheaf and scatter its ears to all the caprices of
+chance and of the winds; but let us rather enlarge this holy law; let us
+carry the principles and the habits of home beyond its bounds; and, let
+us realize the prayer of the Apostle of the Gentiles when he exclaimed
+to the new-born children of Christ:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Be ye like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one
+mind.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_314-1" id="Footnote_314-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_314-1" class="label">314-1</a> This is adapted from <cite>An Attic Philosopher in Paris</cite>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_315-2" id="Footnote_315-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_315-2" class="label">315-2</a> The cheap wine shops of Paris are outside the Barriers,
+to avoid the city tax.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="ON_THE_RECEIPT_OF_MY_MOTHERS_PICTURE" id="ON_THE_RECEIPT_OF_MY_MOTHERS_PICTURE"></a>ON THE RECEIPT OF MY MOTHER&#8217;S PICTURE</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">William Cowper</span></p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapb"><span class="hide">B</span></span><span class="upper">efore</span> we read this beautiful little poem, let us prepare ourselves by
+learning something about the author.</p>
+
+<p>William Cowper, the son of an English clergyman, was born in 1731. He
+was a delicate, sensitive little boy whose life was made miserable by
+his companions in play and at school. So timid was he that the larger
+boys tyrannized over him shamefully, and the smaller ones teased him as
+much as they liked. When his mother died, William was but six years old,
+and the shrinking little lad was placed in a large boarding school where
+the other boys were cruel and heartless. At least, so they seemed to the
+frightened newcomer. Probably they were no more cruel and heartless than
+most strong and healthy youngsters who are accustomed to give and take
+without whimpering. Young Cowper was merely the strange lad whose timid
+and hesitating manner seemed to call for discipline. Years afterwards,
+still remembering the agony of these years, he wrote of one big boy in
+particular.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;His savage treatment of me impressed such a dread of his figure upon my
+mind that I well remember of being afraid to lift my eyes up higher<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span>
+than to his knees, and that I knew him better by his shoe-buckles than
+by any other part of his dress.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>At ten he was removed to Westminster School, where he made some good
+friends. Here, too, he took a more manly stand, played football and
+cricket with the other boys, and redeemed himself from some of his
+weakness. But he had numerous spells of moodiness and sadness, during
+which he hid himself from his fellows and refused to join their plays
+even. He was unusually intelligent, distinguished himself in his
+studies, and became a favorite with his teachers.</p>
+
+<p>Among his friends here was Warren Hastings, who long years afterwards,
+as governor of India, was convicted of cruelty and extortion. Cowper
+showed the loyalty of his nature by refusing utterly to believe in the
+guilt of his old friend.</p>
+
+<p>William&#8217;s father wished to make a lawyer of his son, and when the boy
+had finished at Westminster he was sent to study law in London. If he
+had been unhappy in school, he became even more so now, for there was
+nothing in the legal profession to attract him. Instead of reading law
+he read literature; instead of writing legal papers he wrote poems and
+sketches. Finally, however, he became a lawyer, but he could never bring
+himself to practice his profession.</p>
+
+<p>At one time he was given a clerkship, but in preparation for it he was
+asked to take an examination before the bar at the House of Lords. Here
+his old nervousness and timidity overpowered him, and he failed to
+appear; in fact, he ran away, planning to kill himself, but at the last
+moment his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span> courage again failed him. After this, his mind gave way, and
+he was for a time in an asylum. In fact, at intervals thereafter, he had
+attacks of despondency and moodiness, of fear and discouragement, which
+showed how seriously his mind was affected.</p>
+
+<p>So far this is not a very attractive picture; but it is one side of the
+great poet&#8217;s character. That there was another we knew, for he made the
+most loyal friends, who opened their homes to him and were ever willing
+to care for him.</p>
+
+<p>At one time he was engaged to be married, but an attack of insanity
+prevented the union, though it did not destroy the ardent friendship of
+the lovers. Cowper could never wholly throw off the fear of the future.
+&#8220;Day and night,&#8221; he once wrote, &#8220;I was upon the rack, lying down in
+horror and rising up in despair.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>His most attached friends, the Unwins, were deeply religious people, and
+at their house Cowper spent his happiest years. It was a great shock to
+him when Mr. Unwin was thrown from a horse and killed. From that time a
+succession of kind friends aided him, watched him through his periods of
+despair and provided for his simple wants. He was passionately fond of
+pets, and was happiest in caring for his rabbits, cats and other
+animals. He liked gardening, too, and spent a great deal of energy upon
+his plants.</p>
+
+<p>Cowper was one of the finest correspondents that ever wrote, and his
+graceful and humorous letters are still read with pleasure by all who
+know them. Strangely enough, his gloominess rarely found its way into
+his poetry, which often was highly amusing,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a></span> as you know who have read
+<cite>John Gilpin</cite>. <cite>The Task</cite> is his greatest poem, though there are many
+short ones of great beauty.</p>
+
+<p>Cowper was sincere and honest, and used good judgment in everything that
+did not concern himself. Occasionally he became dissatisfied with the
+style of poetry then most popular, because it was written so strictly
+according to rule and because heart and nature were all forgotten. What
+he wrote was different; putting his truthful eyes on birds and flowers,
+on fine scenery and on noble men and women, he wrote exactly as he saw,
+and let his fine sentiment and loving heart find gracious expression.
+The result was that he led the way for Wordsworth, the greater man, who
+brought our poetry back from the bonds of formality and made it
+beautiful, sincere and true.</p>
+
+<p>The final years of Cowper were sad ones. Mrs. Unwin was stricken with
+paralysis, and the poet repaid her years of care and protection by an
+unfailing attention that lasted till she died. It is said that after the
+one heart-breaking cry he uttered when he saw her dead body, he never
+again mentioned her name, though he lived for four years. His end came
+peacefully enough, in April, 1800.</p>
+
+<p>When Cowper was fifty-six years old his cousin sent to him from Norfolk
+a picture of his mother, who had then been dead for half a century. How
+vivid a recollection of her loving care remained to the saddened man may
+be seen in the poem.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story">MY MOTHER&#8217;S PICTURE</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage">OUT OF NORFOLK, THE GIFT OF MY COUSIN, ANN BODHAM</p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcapo"><span class="hide">O</span></span> <span class="upper">that</span> those lips had language! Life has passed<br />
+With me but roughly since I heard thee last.<br />
+Those lips are thine,&mdash;thy own sweet smile I see,<br />
+The same that oft in childhood solaced me;<br />
+Voice only fails, else how distinct they say,<br />
+&#8220;Grieve not, my child; chase all thy fears away!&#8221;<br />
+The meek intelligence of those dear eyes<br />
+(Blest be the art that can immortalize,&mdash;<br />
+The art that baffles time&#8217;s tyrannic claim<br />
+To quench it!) here shines on me still the same.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Faithful remembrancer of one so dear!<br />
+O welcome guest, though unexpected here!<br />
+Who bid&#8217;st me honor with an artless song,<br />
+Affectionate, a mother lost so long.<br />
+I will obey,&mdash;not willingly alone.<br />
+But gladly, as<a name="Anchor_335-1" id="Anchor_335-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 335-1" href="#Footnote_335-1" class="fnanchor">335-1</a> the precept were her own;<br />
+And, while that face renews my filial grief,<br />
+Fancy shall weave a charm for my relief,&mdash;<br />
+Shall steep me in Elysian<a name="Anchor_335-2" id="Anchor_335-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 335-2" href="#Footnote_335-2" class="fnanchor">335-2</a> revery,<br />
+A momentary dream that thou art she.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<a name="image47" id="image47"></a><a href="images/image47-full.png"><img src="images/image47.png" width="250" height="275" alt="A grieving man, seated in a wing chair" title="&#8220;MY MOTHER!&#8221;" /></a>
+<span class="caption">&#8220;MY MOTHER!&#8221;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i1">My mother! when I learned that thou wast dead,</span><br />
+Say, wast thou conscious of the tears I shed?<br />
+Hovered thy spirit o&#8217;er thy sorrowing son,&mdash;<br />
+Wretch even then, life&#8217;s journey just begun?<br />
+Perhaps thou gavest me, though unfelt, a kiss;<br />
+Perhaps a tear, if souls can weep in bliss&mdash;<br />
+Ah, that maternal smile! it answers&mdash;Yes.<br />
+I heard the bell tolled on thy burial day;<br />
+I saw the hearse that bore thee slow away;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span>And, turning from my nursery window, drew<br />
+A long, long sigh, and wept a last adieu!<br />
+But was it such?&mdash;It was.&mdash;Where thou art gone<br />
+Adieus and farewells are a sound unknown;<br />
+May I but meet thee on that peaceful shore,<br />
+The parting word shall pass my lips no more.<br />
+Thy maidens, grieved themselves at my concern,<br />
+Oft gave me promise of thy quick return;<br />
+What ardently I wished I long believed,<br />
+And, disappointed still, was still deceived,&mdash;<br />
+By expectation every day beguiled,<br />
+Dupe of to-morrow even from a child.<br />
+Thus many a sad to-morrow came and went,<br />
+Till, all my stock of infant sorrow spent,<br />
+I learned at last submission to my lot;<br />
+But, though I less deplored thee, ne&#8217;er forgot.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Where once we dwelt our name is heard no more;<br />
+Children not thine have trod my nursery floor;<br />
+And where the gardener Robin, day by day,<br />
+Drew me to school along the public way,<br />
+Delighted with my bauble coach, and wrapt<br />
+In scarlet mantle warm, and velvet capped,<br />
+&#8217;Tis now become a history little known,<br />
+That once we call&#8217;d the pastoral house<a name="Anchor_337-3" id="Anchor_337-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 337-3" href="#Footnote_337-3" class="fnanchor">337-3</a> our own.<br />
+Shortlived possession! but the record fair,<br />
+That memory keeps of all thy kindness there,<br />
+Still outlives many a storm, that has effaced<br />
+A thousand other themes less deeply traced.<br />
+Thy nightly visits to my chamber made,<br />
+That thou mightst know me safe and warmly laid;<br />
+Thy morning bounties ere I left my home,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span>The biscuit, or confectionery plum;<br />
+The fragrant waters on my cheeks bestow&#8217;d<br />
+By thy own hand, till fresh they shone and glow&#8217;d;<br />
+All this, and more endearing still than all,<br />
+Thy constant flow of love, that knew no fall,<br />
+Ne&#8217;er roughen&#8217;d by those cataracts and breaks,<br />
+That humour<a name="Anchor_338-4" id="Anchor_338-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 338-4" href="#Footnote_338-4" class="fnanchor">338-4</a> interposed too often makes;<br />
+All this still legible in memory&#8217;s page,<br />
+And still to be so to my latest age,<br />
+Adds joy to duty, makes me glad to pay<br />
+Such honours to thee as my numbers<a name="Anchor_338-5" id="Anchor_338-5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 338-5" href="#Footnote_338-5" class="fnanchor">338-5</a> may;<br />
+Perhaps a frail memorial, but sincere,<br />
+Not scorn&#8217;d in Heaven, though little noticed here.<br />
+Could Time, his flight reversed, restore the hours,<br />
+When, playing with thy vesture&#8217;s tissued<a name="Anchor_338-6" id="Anchor_338-6"></a><a title="Go to footnote 338-6" href="#Footnote_338-6" class="fnanchor">338-6</a> flowers,<br />
+The violet, the pink, the jessamine,<br />
+I prick&#8217;d them into paper with a pin,<a name="Anchor_338-7" id="Anchor_338-7"></a><a title="Go to footnote 338-7" href="#Footnote_338-7" class="fnanchor">338-7</a><br />
+(And thou wast happier than myself the while&mdash;<br />
+Wouldst softly speak, and stroke my head and smile,)&mdash;<br />
+Could those few pleasant days again appear,<br />
+Might one wish bring them, would I wish them here?<br />
+I would not trust my heart,&mdash;the dear delight<br />
+Seems so to be desired, perhaps I might.<br />
+But no,&mdash;what here we call our life is such,<br />
+So little to be loved, and thou so much,<br />
+That I should ill requite thee to constrain<br />
+Thy unbound spirit into bounds again.</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span><span class="i1">Thou&mdash;as a gallant bark, from Albion&#8217;s<a name="Anchor_339-8" id="Anchor_339-8"></a><a title="Go to footnote 339-8" href="#Footnote_339-8" class="fnanchor">339-8</a> coast,</span><br />
+(The storms all weathered and the ocean crossed,)<br />
+Shoots into port at some well-havened isle,<br />
+Where spices breathe and brighter seasons smile;<br />
+There sits quiescent on the floods, that show<br />
+Her beauteous form reflected clear below,<br />
+While airs impregnated with incense play<br />
+Around her, fanning light her streamers gay,&mdash;<br />
+So thou, with sails how swift! hast reached the shore<br />
+&#8220;Where tempests never beat nor billows roar&#8221;:<br />
+And thy loved consort<a name="Anchor_339-9" id="Anchor_339-9"></a><a title="Go to footnote 339-9" href="#Footnote_339-9" class="fnanchor">339-9</a> on the dangerous tide<br />
+Of life long since has anchored by thy side.<br />
+But me,<a name="Anchor_339-10-1" id="Anchor_339-10-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 339-10" href="#Footnote_339-10" class="fnanchor">339-10</a> scarce hoping to attain the rest,<br />
+Always from port withheld, always distressed,&mdash;<br />
+Me<a name="Anchor_339-10-2" id="Anchor_339-10-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 339-10" href="#Footnote_339-10" class="fnanchor">339-10</a> howling blasts drive devious, tempest-tossed,<br />
+Sails ripped, seams opening wide, and compass lost;<a name="Anchor_339-11" id="Anchor_339-11"></a><a title="Go to footnote 339-11" href="#Footnote_339-11" class="fnanchor">339-11</a><br />
+And day by day some current&#8217;s thwarting force<br />
+Sets me more distant from a prosperous course.<br />
+Yet O, the thought that thou art safe, and he!&mdash;<a name="Anchor_339-12" id="Anchor_339-12"></a><a title="Go to footnote 339-12" href="#Footnote_339-12" class="fnanchor">339-12</a><br />
+That thought is joy, arrive what may to me.<br />
+My boast is not that I deduce my birth<br />
+From loins enthroned,<a name="Anchor_339-13" id="Anchor_339-13"></a><a title="Go to footnote 339-13" href="#Footnote_339-13" class="fnanchor">339-13</a> and rulers of the earth;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span>But higher far my proud pretensions rise,&mdash;<br />
+The son of parents passed into the skies.<br />
+And now, farewell!&mdash;Time, unrevoked,<a name="Anchor_340-14" id="Anchor_340-14"></a><a title="Go to footnote 340-14" href="#Footnote_340-14" class="fnanchor">340-14</a> has run<br />
+His wonted course; yet what I wished is done.<br />
+By contemplation&#8217;s help, not sought in vain,<br />
+I seem to have lived my childhood o&#8217;er again,&mdash;<br />
+To have renewed the joys that once were mine,<br />
+Without the sin of violating thine;<br />
+And, while the wings of fancy still are free,<br />
+And I can view this mimic show of thee,<br />
+Time has but half succeeded in his theft,&mdash;<br />
+Thyself removed, thy power to soothe me left.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_335-1" id="Footnote_335-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_335-1" class="label">335-1</a> As <em>though</em> the request were her own.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_335-2" id="Footnote_335-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_335-2" class="label">335-2</a> The Elysian Fields were the blessed lands of beauty and
+joy to which the Greeks hoped to go at their death.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_337-3" id="Footnote_337-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_337-3" class="label">337-3</a> The <em>pastoral house</em> means the rectory, the home of the
+clergyman.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_338-4" id="Footnote_338-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_338-4" class="label">338-4</a> <em>Humour</em> here means <em>temper</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_338-5" id="Footnote_338-5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_338-5" class="label">338-5</a> <em>Numbers</em> is used for <em>poetic measures; poetry</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_338-6" id="Footnote_338-6"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_338-6" class="label">338-6</a> <em>Tissued</em> is a poetic word for <em>variegated</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_338-7" id="Footnote_338-7"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_338-7" class="label">338-7</a> He pricked into paper with a pin the outlines of the
+variegated forms of violets, pinks and jessamine that decorated his
+mother&#8217;s dress.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_339-8" id="Footnote_339-8"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_339-8" class="label">339-8</a> <em>England&#8217;s.</em> The old name Albion, which means <em>white</em>,
+is still used in poetry. Just how the name originated no one knows.
+Perhaps it alluded to the white chalk cliffs of England which the Gauls
+could see.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_339-9" id="Footnote_339-9"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_339-9" class="label">339-9</a> Cowper&#8217;s father died in 1756; his mother in 1737.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_339-10" id="Footnote_339-10"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_339-10-1" class="label">339-10</a> <em>Me</em> is repeated for emphasis; it is the object of
+<em>drive</em>: &#8220;Howling blasts drive me out of the straight line,&#8221; is what the
+lines mean.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_339-11" id="Footnote_339-11"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_339-11" class="label">339-11</a> Cowper was too strongly conscious of his weakness and
+his difference from other men. He wrote in a letter to a friend,
+&#8220;Certainly I am not an absolute fool, but I have more weaknesses than
+the greatest of all the fools I can recollect at present. In short, if I
+was as fit for the next world as I am unfit for this,&mdash;and God forbid I
+should speak of it in vanity,&mdash;I would not change conditions with any
+saint in Christendom.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_339-12" id="Footnote_339-12"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_339-12" class="label">339-12</a> &#8220;That thou art safe, and that he is safe.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_339-13" id="Footnote_339-13"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_339-13" class="label">339-13</a> Cowper descended from ancient and high lineage on both
+sides.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THOSE_EVENING_BELLS" id="THOSE_EVENING_BELLS"></a>THOSE EVENING BELLS</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Thomas Moore</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">T</span><span class="upper">hose</span> evening bells! those evening bells.<br />
+How many a tale their music tells,<br />
+Of youth, and home, and that sweet time<br />
+When last I heard their soothing chime!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Those joyous hours are passed away;<br />
+And many a heart that once was gay,<br />
+Within the tomb now darkly dwells,<br />
+And hears no more those evening bells.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">And so &#8217;twill be when I am gone&mdash;<br />
+That tuneful peal will still ring on;<br />
+While other bards shall walk these dells,<br />
+And sing your praise, sweet evening bells.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_340-14" id="Footnote_340-14"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_340-14" class="label">340-14</a> <em>Unrevoked</em> means <em>not called back</em>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="ANNABEL_LEE" id="ANNABEL_LEE"></a>ANNABEL LEE</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Edgar Allan Poe</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">I</span><span class="upper">t</span> was many and many a year ago,<br />
+<span class="i1">In a kingdom by the sea,</span><br />
+That a maiden lived, whom you may know<br />
+<span class="i1">By the name of Annabel Lee;</span><br />
+And this maiden she lived with no other thought<br />
+<span class="i1">Than to love, and be loved by me.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">I was a child and she was a child,<br />
+<span class="i1">In this kingdom by the sea;</span><br />
+But we loved with a love that was more than love,<br />
+<span class="i1">I and my Annabel Lee,&mdash;</span><br />
+With a love that the wing&egrave;d seraphs of heaven<br />
+<span class="i1">Coveted her and me.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">And this was the reason that long ago,<br />
+<span class="i1">In this kingdom by the sea,</span><br />
+A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling<br />
+<span class="i1">My beautiful Annabel Lee;</span><br />
+So that her highborn kinsmen came,<br />
+<span class="i1">And bore her away from me,</span><br />
+To shut her up in a sepulchre,<br />
+<span class="i1">In this kingdom by the sea.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">The angels, not so happy in heaven,<br />
+<span class="i1">Went envying her and me.</span><br />
+Yes! that was the reason (as all men know)<br />
+<span class="i1">In this kingdom by the sea,</span><br />
+That the wind came out of the cloud by night,<br />
+<span class="i1">Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[342]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image48" id="image48"></a><a href="images/image48-full.png"><img src="images/image48.png" width="251" height="295" alt="A woman, laid out on a bier with a man kneeling next to her. A crescent moon in the background" title="IN HER SEPULCHRE THERE BY THE SEA" /></a>
+<span class="caption">IN HER SEPULCHRE THERE BY THE SEA</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">But our love it was stronger by far than the love<br />
+<span class="i1">Of those who were older than we,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Of many far wiser than we;</span><br />
+And neither the angels in heaven above,<br />
+<span class="i1">Nor the demons down under the sea,</span><br />
+Can ever dissever my soul from the soul<br />
+<span class="i1">Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.</span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a></span>For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams<br />
+<span class="i1">Of the beautiful Annabel Lee,</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes<br />
+<span class="i1">Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.</span><br />
+And so, all the night-tide I lie down by the side<br />
+<span class="i1">Of my darling, my darling, my life, and my bride,</span><br />
+In her sepulchre there by the sea,<br />
+<span class="i1">In her tomb by the sounding sea.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_THREE_FISHERS" id="THE_THREE_FISHERS"></a>THE THREE FISHERS</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Charles Kingsley</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">T</span><span class="upper">hree</span> fishers went sailing out into the west&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">Out into the west as the sun went down;</span><br />
+Each thought on the woman who loved him the best,<br />
+<span class="i1">And the children stood watching them out of the town;</span><br />
+For men must work, and women must weep;<br />
+And there&#8217;s little to earn, and many to keep,<br />
+<span class="i1">Though the harbor bar be moaning.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Three wives sat up in the lighthouse tower,<br />
+<span class="i1">And trimmed the lamps as the sun went down;</span><br />
+And they looked at the squall, and they looked at the shower,<br />
+<span class="i1">And the night rack came rolling up, ragged and brown;</span><br />
+But men must work, and women must weep,&mdash;<br />
+Though storms be sudden, and waters deep,<br />
+<span class="i1">And the harbor bar be moaning.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image49" id="image49"></a><a href="images/image49-full.png"><img src="images/image49.png" width="252" height="308" alt="Two women and three children looking out over the sea at a departing sailing ship" title="THE NIGHT RACK CAME ROLLING UP" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THE NIGHT RACK CAME ROLLING UP</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">Three corpses lay out on the shining sands<br />
+<span class="i1">In the morning gleam as the tide went down,</span><br />
+And the women are weeping and wringing their hands,<br />
+<span class="i1">For those who will never come back to the town;</span><br />
+For men must work, and women must weep,<br />
+And the sooner it&#8217;s over, the sooner to sleep,&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">And good-bye to the bar and its moaning.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_REAPERS_DREAM" id="THE_REAPERS_DREAM"></a>THE REAPER&#8217;S DREAM</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Thomas Buchanan Read</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">T</span><span class="upper">he</span> road was lone; the grass was dank<br />
+With night-dews on the briery bank<br />
+Whereon a weary reaper sank.<br />
+His garb was old; his visage tanned;<br />
+The rusty sickle in his hand<br />
+Could find no work in all the land.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">He saw the evening&#8217;s chilly star<br />
+Above his native vale afar;<br />
+A moment on the horizon&#8217;s bar<br />
+It hung, then sank, as with a sigh;<br />
+And there the crescent moon went by,<br />
+An empty sickle down the sky.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">To soothe his pain, Sleep&#8217;s tender palm<br />
+Laid on his brow its touch of balm;<br />
+His brain received the slumberous calm;<br />
+And soon that angel without name,<br />
+Her robe a dream, her face the same,<br />
+The giver of sweet visions came.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">She touched his eyes; no longer sealed,<br />
+They saw a troop of reapers wield<br />
+Their swift blades in a ripened field.<br />
+At each thrust of their snowy sleeves<br />
+A thrill ran through the future sheaves<br />
+Rustling like rain on forest leaves.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">They were not brawny men who bowed,<br />
+With harvest voices rough and loud,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span>But spirits, moving as a cloud.<br />
+Like little lightnings in their hold,<br />
+The silver sickles manifold<br />
+Slid musically through the gold.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">O, bid the morning stars combine<br />
+To match the chorus clear and fine,<br />
+That rippled lightly down the line,&mdash;<br />
+A cadence of celestial rhyme,<br />
+The language of that cloudless clime,<br />
+To which their shining hands kept time!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Behind them lay the gleaming rows,<br />
+Like those long clouds the sunset shows<br />
+On amber meadows of repose;<br />
+But, like a wind, the binders bright<br />
+Soon followed in their mirthful might,<br />
+And swept them into sheaves of light.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Doubling the splendor of the plain,<br />
+There rolled the great celestial wain,<br />
+To gather in the fallen grain.<br />
+Its frame was built of golden bars;<br />
+Its glowing wheels were lit with stars;<br />
+The royal Harvest&#8217;s car of cars.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">The snowy yoke that drew the load,<br />
+On gleaming hoofs of silver trode;<br />
+And music was its only goad.<br />
+To no command of word or beck<br />
+It moved, and felt no other check<br />
+Than one white arm laid on the neck,&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">The neck, whose light was overwound<br />
+With bells of lilies, ringing round<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span>Their odors till the air was drowned:<br />
+The starry foreheads meekly borne,<br />
+With garlands looped from horn to horn,<br />
+Shone like the many-colored morn.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">The field was cleared. Home went the bands,<br />
+Like children, linking happy hands,<br />
+While singing through their father&#8217;s lands;<br />
+Or, arms about each other thrown,<br />
+With amber tresses backward blown,<br />
+They moved as they were music&#8217;s own.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 254px;">
+<a name="image50" id="image50"></a><a href="images/image50-full.png"><img src="images/image50.png" width="254" height="208" alt="A man holding a scythe, lying on the grass. A crescent moon is in the sky." title="THE CRESCENT MOON WENT BY" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THE CRESCENT MOON WENT BY</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poem">The vision brightening more and more,<br />
+He saw the garner&#8217;s glowing door,<br />
+And sheaves, like sunshine, strew the floor,&mdash;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[348]</a></span>The floor was jasper,&mdash;golden flails,<br />
+Swift-sailing as a whirlwind sails,<br />
+Throbbed mellow music down the vales.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">He saw the mansion,&mdash;all repose,&mdash;<br />
+Great corridors and porticos,<br />
+Propped with the columns, shining rows;<br />
+And these&mdash;for beauty was the rule&mdash;<br />
+The polished pavements, hard and cool,<br />
+Redoubled, like a crystal pool.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">And there the odorous feast was spread;<br />
+The fruity fragrance widely shed<br />
+Seemed to the floating music wed.<br />
+Seven angels, like the Pleiad seven,<br />
+Their lips to silver clarions given,<br />
+Blew welcome round the walls of heaven.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">In skyey garments, silky thin,<br />
+The glad retainers floated in<br />
+A thousand forms, and yet no din:<br />
+And from the visage of the Lord,<br />
+Like splendor from the Orient poured,<br />
+A smile illumined all the board.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Far flew the music&#8217;s circling sound;<br />
+Then floated back, with soft rebound,<br />
+To join, nor mar, the converse round,<br />
+Sweet notes, that, melting, still increased,<br />
+Such as ne&#8217;er cheered the bridal feast<br />
+Of king in the enchanted East.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Did any great door ope or close,<br />
+It seemed the birth-time of repose,<br />
+The faint sound died where it arose;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span>And they who passed from door to door;<br />
+Their soft feet on the polished floor<br />
+Met their soft shadows,&mdash;nothing more.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">Then once again the groups were drawn<br />
+Through corridors, or down the lawn,<br />
+Which bloomed in beauty like a dawn.<br />
+Where countless fountains leapt alway,<br />
+Veiling their silver heights in spray,<br />
+The choral people held their way.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">There, midst the brightest, brightly shone<br />
+Dear forms he loved in years agone,&mdash;<br />
+The earliest loved,&mdash;the earliest flown.<br />
+He heard a mother&#8217;s sainted tongue,<br />
+A sister&#8217;s voice, who vanished young,<br />
+While one still dearer sweetly sung!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">No further might the scene unfold;<br />
+The gazer&#8217;s voice could not withhold;<br />
+The very rapture made him bold:<br />
+He cried aloud, with clasp&eacute;d hands,<br />
+&#8220;O happy fields! O happy bands!<br />
+Who reap the never-failing lands.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Oh master of these broad estates,<br />
+Behold, before your very gates<br />
+A worn and wanting laborer waits!<br />
+Let me but toil amid your grain,<br />
+Or be a gleaner on the plain,<br />
+So I may leave these fields of pain!</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;A gleaner, I will follow far,<br />
+With never look or word to mar,<br />
+Behind the Harvest&#8217;s yellow car;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span>All day my hand shall constant be,<br />
+And every happy eve shall see<br />
+The precious burden borne to thee!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">At morn some reapers neared the place,<br />
+Strong men, whose feet recoiled apace;<br />
+Then gathering round the upturned face,<br />
+They saw the lines of pain and care,<br />
+Yet read in the expression there<br />
+The look as of an answered prayer.</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="afterstory noindent"><span class="dropcap">A</span> <span class="upper">poem</span> like the preceding abounds in beautiful word pictures, which
+add to the charm of the imaginary incident which is related.</p>
+
+<p>Here is the first: It is a country road in the harvest season. On
+one side, stretching away into the dim distance, lie fields already
+reaped; upon the other, a bank, covered with briery vines, rises
+steeply into the darkness. The evening star lies close to the
+horizon, and in the sky the cold crescent moon hangs like an empty
+sickle. In the grass under the bank, with night dews thickly
+gathered upon him, lies a poor and weary reaper. His torn clothes,
+old and ill-kept, his tanned face, slender figure, and more than
+all else the rusty sickle in his hand, show that he has been long
+without work, and has suffered in poverty.</p>
+
+<p>The next four scenes are from the reaper&#8217;s dream:</p>
+
+<p>1. It is a busy afternoon, and in a field of ripening grain reapers
+are busy wielding their sickles, but they are not the strong men
+who talk with loud, rough voices and bind the sheaves with joke and
+laughter; they are gentle spirits moving like clouds, and their
+sickles seem like little strokes of lightning as they slide
+musically through the golden grain. Their shining hands keep time
+to a beautiful song, and often the reapers glance across the
+gleaming rows of grain into the rich red of the sunset. The binders
+follow the reapers and place the sheaves in gleaming rows, while
+behind them follows the great wagon gathering in the fallen
+grain,&mdash;a wagon not of earth, but built of gold. Beautiful cattle
+draw the wain, cattle that <span class='pagenum' style="font-size: 89%"><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span>tread on silver hoofs and move without
+other command than sweet music, or the soft touch of a white-armed
+angel. Around the necks of the cattle are white lilies, and from
+the horns droop garlands of many-colored flowers, freshly picked
+from the dewy grass.</p>
+
+<p>2. A jasper floor on which the grain lies like sunshine, and where
+golden flails, falling swiftly, beat out the grain to mellow music,
+gleams with increasing brightness.</p>
+
+<p>3. The great mansion shines with its long corridors, its gleaming
+porticos and polished pavement, all beautiful and hard and cool.
+Inside is spread a fragrant feast to which seven angels sing
+invitation with their silver clarions. Softly the invited guests
+float in, a multitude in number, but silently as the stars move in
+heaven. Sweet music floats around the beautiful room, and smiling
+faces nod around the board. Doors are opened and closed without
+sound, and the feet of the servants on the polished floor give no
+more sound than falling shadows.</p>
+
+<p>4. The groups of angel guests are gathered like flowers upon the
+lawn where countless fountains play, and among them, moving here
+and there, are the forms of the loved ones who have passed away
+before him. His mother, his sister, and one still dearer than
+either, sing sweetly and walk among fragrant flowers more beautiful
+than his fancy ever painted.</p>
+
+<p>The last scene is the same as the first, except that it is a cold,
+chilly morning instead of a damp evening. Some reapers coming near
+see lying under the briers the poor old reaper with his upturned
+face, peaceful and quiet, now in death, but bearing the look of an
+answered prayer.</p></div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_RECOVERY_OF_THE_HISPANIOLA" id="THE_RECOVERY_OF_THE_HISPANIOLA"></a>THE RECOVERY OF THE HISPANIOLA<a name="Anchor_352-1" id="Anchor_352-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 352-1" href="#Footnote_352-1" class="fnanchor" style="font-size: 70%;">352-1</a></h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Robert Louis Stevenson</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapt"><span class="hide">T</span></span><span class="upper">he</span> coracle&mdash;as I had ample reason to know before I was done with
+her&mdash;was a very safe boat for a person of my height and weight, both
+buoyant and clever in a seaway&mdash;but she was the most cross-grained
+lop-sided craft to manage. Do as you pleased, she always made more
+leeway than anything else, and turning round and round was the maneuver
+she was best at.</p>
+
+<p>She turned in every direction but the one I was bound to go; the most
+part of the time we were broadside on, and I am very sure I never should
+have made the ship at all but for the tide. By good fortune, paddle as I
+pleased, the tide was still sweeping me down; and there lay the
+<cite>Hispaniola</cite> right in the fair way, hardly to be missed.</p>
+
+<p>First she loomed before me like a blot of something yet blacker than
+darkness, then her spars and hull began to take shape, and the next
+moment, as it seemed (for, the further I went, the brisker grew the
+current of the ebb), I was alongside of her hawser, and had laid hold.</p>
+
+<p>The hawser was as taut as a bowstring, and the current so strong she
+pulled upon her anchor. All round the hull, in the blackness, the
+rippling<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></span> current bubbled and chattered like a little mountain stream.
+One cut with my sea-gully, and the <cite>Hispaniola</cite> would go humming down
+the tide.</p>
+
+<p>So far so good; but it next occurred to my recollection that a taut
+hawser, suddenly cut, is a thing as dangerous as a kicking horse. Ten to
+one, if I were so foolhardy as to cut the <cite>Hispaniola</cite> from her anchor,
+I and the coracle would be knocked clean out of the water.</p>
+
+<p>This brought me to a full stop, and if fortune had not again
+particularly favored me, I should have had to abandon my design. But the
+light airs which had begun blowing from the southeast and south had
+hauled round after nightfall into the southwest. Just while I was
+meditating, a puff came, caught the <cite>Hispaniola</cite>, and forced her up into
+the current; and, to my great joy, I felt the hawser slacken in my
+grasp, and the hand by which I held it dip for a second under water.</p>
+
+<p>With that I made my mind up, took out my gully, opened it with my teeth,
+and cut one strand after another, till the vessel swung only by two.
+Then I lay quiet, waiting to sever these last when the strain should be
+once more lightened by a breath of wind.</p>
+
+<p>All this time I had heard the sound of loud voices from the cabin; but,
+to say truth, my mind had been so entirely taken up with other thoughts
+that I had scarcely given ear.</p>
+
+<p>One I recognized for the coxswain&#8217;s, Israel Hands, that had been Flint&#8217;s
+gunner in former days. The other was, of course, my friend of the red
+nightcap. Both men were plainly the worse of drink, and they were still
+drinking. But they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[354]</a></span> were not only tipsy; it was plain that they were
+furiously angry. Oaths flew like hailstones, and every now and then
+there came forth such an explosion as I thought was sure to end in
+blows. But each time the quarrel passed off, and the voices grumbled
+lower for a while, until the next crisis came, and, in its turn, passed
+away without result.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[355]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image51" id="image51"></a><a href="images/image51-full.png"><img src="images/image51.png" width="251" height="312" alt="A man climbing a rope from a coracle to the ship" title="I LOOKED INTO THE CABIN" /></a>
+<span class="caption">I LOOKED INTO THE CABIN</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>On shore I could see the glow of the great campfire burning warmly
+through the shoreside trees. Some one was singing a dull, old, droning
+sailor&#8217;s song, with a droop and a quaver at the end of every verse, and
+seemingly no end to it at all but the patience of the singer. I had
+heard it on the voyage more than once, and remembered these words:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;But one man of her crew alive,<br />
+What put to sea with seventy-five.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>And I thought it was a ditty rather too dolefully appropriate for a
+company that had met such cruel losses in the morning. But, indeed, from
+what I saw, all these buccaneers were as callous as the sea they sailed
+on.</p>
+
+<p>At last the breeze came; the schooner sidled and drew nearer in the
+dark; I felt the hawser slacken once more, and with a good, tough
+effort, cut the last fibers through.</p>
+
+<p>The breeze had but little action on the coracle, and I was almost
+instantly swept against the bows of the <cite>Hispaniola</cite>. At the same time
+the schooner began to turn upon her heel, spinning slowly, end for end,
+across the current.</p>
+
+<p>I wrought like a fiend, for I expected every moment to be swamped; and
+since I found I could not push the coracle directly off, I now shoved
+straight astern. At length I was clear of my dangerous neighbor; and
+just as I gave the last impulsion, my hands came across a light cord
+that was trailing overboard across the stern bulwarks. Instantly I
+grasped it.</p>
+
+<p>Why I should have done so I can hardly say. It was at first mere
+instinct; but once I had it in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span> my hands and found it fast, curiosity
+began to get the upper hand, and I determined I should have one look
+through the cabin window.</p>
+
+<p>I pulled in hand over hand on the cord, and, when I judged myself near
+enough, rose at infinite risk to about half my height, and thus
+commanded the roof and a slice of the interior of the cabin.</p>
+
+<p>By this time the schooner and her little consort were gliding pretty
+swiftly through the water; indeed, we had already fetched up level with
+the campfire. The ship was talking, as sailors say, loudly, treading the
+innumerable ripples with an incessant weltering splash; and until I got
+my eye above the window-sill I could not comprehend why the watchmen had
+taken no alarm. One glance, however, was sufficient; and it was only one
+glance that I durst take from that unsteady skiff. It showed me Hands
+and his companion locked together in deadly wrestle, each with a hand
+upon the other&#8217;s throat.</p>
+
+<p>I dropped upon the thwart again, none too soon, for I was near
+overboard. I could see nothing for the moment, but these two furious,
+encrimsoned faces, swaying together under the smoky lamp; and I shut my
+eyes to let them grow once more familiar with the darkness.</p>
+
+<p>The endless ballad had come to an end at last, and the whole diminished
+company about the campfire had broken into the chorus I had heard so
+often:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Fifteen men on the dead man&#8217;s chest&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum!</span><br />
+Drink and the devil had done for the rest&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i1">Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum!&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a></span>I was just thinking how busy drink and the devil were at that very
+moment in the cabin of the <cite>Hispaniola</cite>, when I was surprised by a
+sudden lurch of the coracle. At the same moment she yawed sharply and
+seemed to change her course. The speed in the meantime had strangely
+increased.</p>
+
+<p>I opened my eyes at once. All round me were little ripples, combing over
+with a sharp, bristling sound, and slightly phosphorescent. The
+<cite>Hispaniola</cite> herself, a few yards in whose wake I was still being
+whirled along, seemed to stagger in her course, and I saw her spars toss
+a little against the blackness of the night; nay, as I looked longer, I
+made sure she also was wheeling to the southward.</p>
+
+<p>I glanced over my shoulder, and my heart jumped against my ribs. There,
+right behind me, was the glow of the campfire. The current had turned at
+right angles, sweeping round along with it the tall schooner and the
+little dancing coracle; ever quickening, ever bubbling higher, ever
+muttering louder, it went spinning through the narrows for the open sea.</p>
+
+<p>Suddenly the schooner in front of me gave a violent yaw, turning,
+perhaps, through twenty degrees; and almost at the same moment one shout
+followed another from on board; I could hear feet pounding on the
+companion ladder; and I knew that the two drunkards had at last been
+interrupted in their quarrel and awakened to a sense of their disaster.</p>
+
+<p>I lay down flat in the bottom of that wretched skiff, and devoutly
+recommended my spirit to its Maker. At the end of the straits, I made
+sure we must fall into some bar of raging breakers, where<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></span> all my
+troubles would be ended speedily; and though I could, perhaps, bear to
+die, I could not bear to look upon my fate as it approached.</p>
+
+<p>So I must have lain for hours, continually beaten to and fro upon the
+billows, now and again wetted with flying sprays, and never ceasing to
+expect death at the next plunge. Gradually weariness grew upon me; a
+numbness, an occasional stupor, fell upon my mind even in the midst of
+my terrors; until sleep at last supervened, and in my sea-tossed coracle
+I lay and dreamed of home and the old tavern &#8220;Benbow.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>It was broad day when I awoke, and found myself tossing at the southwest
+end of Treasure Island. The sun was up, but was still hid from me behind
+the great bulk of the Spyglass, which on this side descended almost to
+the sea in formidable cliffs.</p>
+
+<p>Haulbowline Head and Mizzenmast Hill were at my elbow; the hill bare and
+dark, the head bound with cliffs forty or fifty feet high, and fringed
+with great masses of fallen rock. I was scarce a quarter of a mile to
+seaward, and it was my first thought to paddle in and land.</p>
+
+<p>That notion was soon given over. Among the fallen rocks the breakers
+spouted and bellowed; loud reverberations, heavy sprays flying and
+falling, succeeded one another from second to second; and I saw myself,
+if I ventured nearer, dashed to death upon the rough shore, or spending
+my strength in vain to scale the beetling crags.</p>
+
+<p>Nor was that all; for crawling together on flat tables of rock, or
+letting themselves drop into the sea with loud reports, I beheld huge
+slimy monsters&mdash;soft snails, as it were, of incredible bigness<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></span>&mdash;two or
+three score of them together, making the rocks to echo with their
+barkings.</p>
+
+<p>I have understood since that they were sea lions, and entirely harmless.
+But the look of them added to the difficulty of the shore and the high
+running of the surf, was more than enough to disgust me of that landing
+place. I felt willing rather to starve at sea than to confront such
+perils.</p>
+
+<p>In the meantime I had a better chance, as I supposed, before me. North
+of Haulbowline Head the land runs in a long way, leaving, at low tide, a
+long stretch of yellow sand. To the north of that, again, there comes
+another cape&mdash;Cape of the Woods, as it was marked upon the chart&mdash;buried
+in tall green pines, which descended to the margin of the sea.</p>
+
+<p>I remembered that the current sets northward along the whole west coast
+of Treasure Island; and seeing from my position that I was already under
+its influence, I preferred to leave Haulbowline Head behind me, and
+reserve my strength for an attempt to land upon the kindlier-looking
+Cape of the Woods.</p>
+
+<p>There was a great, smooth swell upon the sea. The wind blowing steady
+and gentle from the south, there was no contrariety between that and the
+current, and the billows rose and fell unbroken.</p>
+
+<p>Had it been otherwise, I must long ago have perished; but as it was, it
+is surprising how easily and securely my little and light boat could
+ride. Often, as I still lay at the bottom, and kept no more than an eye
+above the gunwale, I would see a big blue summit heaving close above me;
+yet the coracle would but bounce a little, dance as if on springs,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a></span> and
+subside on the other side into the trough as lightly as a bird.</p>
+
+<p>I began after a little to grow very bold, and sat up to try my skill at
+paddling. But even a small change in the disposition of the weight will
+produce violent changes in the behavior of a coracle. And I had hardly
+moved before the boat, giving up at once her gentle dancing movement,
+ran straight down a slope of water so steep that it made me giddy, and
+stuck her nose, with a spout of spray, deep into the side of the next
+wave.</p>
+
+<p>I was drenched and terrified, and fell instantly back into my old
+position, whereupon the coracle seemed to find her head again, and led
+me as softly as before among the billows. It was plain she was not to be
+interfered with, and at that rate, since I could in no way influence her
+course, what hope had I left of reaching land?</p>
+
+<p>I began to be horribly frightened, but I kept my head, for all that.</p>
+
+<p>First, moving with all care, I gradually bailed out the coracle with my
+sea-cap; then getting my eye once more above the gunwale, I set myself
+to study how it was she managed to slip so quietly through the rollers.</p>
+
+<p>I found each wave, instead of the big, smooth, glossy mountain it looked
+from shore, or from a vessel&#8217;s deck, was for all the world like any
+range of hills on the dry land, full of peaks and smooth places and
+valleys. The coracle, left to herself, turning from side to side,
+threaded, so to speak, her way through these lower parts, and avoided
+the steep slopes and higher, toppling summits of the waves.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a></span>&#8220;Well, now,&#8221; thought I to myself, &#8220;it is plain I must lie where I am,
+and not disturb the balance; but it is plain, also, that I can put the
+paddle over the side, and from time to time, in smooth places, give her
+a shove or two toward land.&#8221; No sooner thought upon than done. There I
+lay on my elbows, in the most trying attitude, and every now and again
+gave a weak stroke or two to turn her head to shore. It was very tiring,
+and slow work, yet I did visibly gain ground; and, as we drew near the
+Cape of the Woods, though I saw I must infallibly miss that point, I had
+still made some hundred yards of easting. I was, indeed, close in. I
+could see the cool, green tree tops swaying together in the breeze, and
+I felt sure I should make the next promontory without fail.</p>
+
+<p>It was high time, for now I began to be tortured with thirst. The glow
+of the sun from above, its thousandfold reflection from the waves, the
+sea-water that fell and dried upon me, caking my very lips with salt,
+combined to make my throat burn and my brain ache. The sight of the
+trees so near at hand had almost made me sick with longing; but the
+current had soon carried me past the point; and, as the next reach of
+sea opened out, I beheld a sight that changed the nature of my thoughts.</p>
+
+<p>Right in front of me, not half a mile away, I beheld the <cite>Hispaniola</cite>
+under sail. I made sure, of course, that I should be taken; but I was so
+distressed for want of water, that I scarce knew whether to be glad or
+sorry at the thought; and, long before I had come to a conclusion,
+surprise had taken entire possession of my mind, and I could do nothing
+but stare and wonder.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a></span>The <cite>Hispaniola</cite> was under her mainsail and two jibs, and the beautiful
+white canvas shone in the sun like snow or silver. When I first sighted
+her, all her sails were drawing; she was lying a course about northwest;
+and I presumed the men on board were going round the island on their way
+back to the anchorage. Presently she began to fetch more and more to the
+westward, so that I thought they had sighted me and were going about in
+chase. At last, however, she fell right into the wind&#8217;s eye, was taken
+dead aback, and stood there awhile helpless, with her sails shivering.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Clumsy fellows,&#8221; said I; &#8220;they must still be drunk as owls.&#8221; And I
+thought how Captain Smollett would have set them skipping.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile, the schooner gradually fell off, and filled again upon
+another tack, sailed swiftly for a minute or so, and brought up once
+more dead in the wind&#8217;s eye. Again and again was this repeated. To and
+fro, up and down, north, south, east, and west the <cite>Hispaniola</cite> sailed
+by swoops and dashes, and at each repetition ended as she had begun,
+with idly-flapping canvas. It became plain to me that nobody was
+steering. And, if so, where were the men? Either they were dead drunk,
+or had deserted her, I thought, and perhaps if I could get on board, I
+might return the vessel to her captain.</p>
+
+<p>The current was bearing coracle and schooner southward at an equal rate.
+As for the latter&#8217;s sailing, it was so wild and intermittent, and she
+hung each time so long in irons, that she certainly gained nothing, if
+she did not even lose. If only I dared to sit up and paddle, I made sure
+that I could overhaul her. The scheme had an air of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a></span> adventure that
+inspired me, and the thought of the water-breaker beside the fore
+companion doubled my growing courage.</p>
+
+<p>Up I got, was welcomed almost instantly by another cloud of spray, but
+this time stuck to my purpose; and set myself, with all my strength and
+caution, to paddle after the unsteered <cite>Hispaniola</cite>. Once I shipped a
+sea so heavy that I had to stop and bail, with my heart fluttering like
+a bird; but gradually I got into the way of the thing, and guided my
+coracle among the waves, with only now and then a blow upon her bows and
+a dash of foam in my face.</p>
+
+<p>I was now gaining rapidly on the schooner. I could see the brass glisten
+on the tiller as it banged about; and still no soul appeared upon her
+decks. I could not choose but suppose she was deserted. If not, the men
+were lying drunk below, where I might batten them down, perhaps, and do
+what I chose with the ship.</p>
+
+<p>For some time she had been doing the worst thing possible for
+me&mdash;standing still. She headed nearly due south, yawing, of course, all
+the time. Each time she fell off her sails partly filled, and these
+brought her in a moment right to the wind again. I have said this was
+the worst thing possible for me; for helpless as she looked in this
+situation, with the canvas cracking like cannon and the blocks trundling
+and banging on the deck, she still continued to run away from me, not
+only with the speed of the current, but by the whole amount of her
+leeway, which was naturally great.</p>
+
+<p>But now at last I had my chance. The breeze fell for some seconds very
+low, and the current<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a></span> gradually turning her, the <cite>Hispaniola</cite> revolved
+slowly round her center, and at last presented me her stern, with the
+cabin window still gaping open, and the lamp over the table still
+burning on into the day.</p>
+
+<p>The mainsail hung drooped like a banner. She was stock-still, but for
+the current.</p>
+
+<p>For the last little while I had even lost; but now, redoubling my
+efforts, I began once more to overhaul the chase.</p>
+
+<p>I was not a hundred yards from her when the wind came again in a clap;
+she filled on the port tack and was off again, stooping and skimming
+like a swallow.</p>
+
+<p>My first impulse was one of despair, but my second was toward joy. Round
+she came till she was broadside on to me&mdash;round still till she had
+covered a half, and then two thirds, and then three quarters of the
+distance that separated us. I could see the waves boiling white under
+her forefoot. Immensely tall she looked to me from my low station in the
+coracle.</p>
+
+<p>And then, of a sudden, I began to comprehend. I had scarce time to
+think&mdash;scarce time to act and save myself. I was on the summit of one
+swell when the schooner came stooping over the next. The bowsprit was
+over my head. I sprang to my feet and leaped, stamping the coracle under
+water. With one hand I caught the jib-boom, while my foot was lodged
+between the stay and the brace; and as I still clung there panting a
+dull blow told me that the schooner had charged down upon and struck the
+coracle, and that I was left without retreat on the <cite>Hispaniola</cite>.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[365]</a></span>I had scarce gained a position on the bowsprit, when the flying jib
+flapped and filled upon the other tack, with a report like a gun. The
+schooner trembled to her keel under the reverse; but next moment, the
+other sails still drawing, the jib flapped back again and hung idle.</p>
+
+<p>This had nearly tossed me off into the sea; and now I lost no time,
+crawled back along the bowsprit, and tumbled head foremost on the deck.</p>
+
+<p>I was on the lee side of the forecastle, and the mainsail, which was
+still drawing, concealed from me a certain portion of the after-deck.
+Not a soul was to be seen. The planks, which had not been swabbed since
+the mutiny, bore the print of many feet; and an empty bottle, broken by
+the neck, tumbled to and fro like a live thing in the scuppers.</p>
+
+<p>Suddenly the <cite>Hispaniola</cite> came right into the wind. The jibs behind me
+cracked aloud; the rudder slammed to; the whole ship gave a sickening
+heave and shudder, and at the same moment the main-boom swung inboard,
+the sheet groaning in the blocks, and showed me the lee after-deck.</p>
+
+<p>There were the two watchmen, sure enough: red-cap on his back, as stiff
+as a handspike, with his arms stretched out like those of a crucifix,
+and his teeth showing through his open lips; Israel Hands propped
+against the bulwarks, his chin on his chest, his hands lying open before
+him on the deck, his face as white, under its tan, as a tallow candle.</p>
+
+<p>For awhile the ship kept bucking and sidling like a vicious horse, the
+sails filling, now on one tack, now on another, and the boom swinging to
+and fro till the mast groaned aloud under the strain. Now and again,
+too, there would come a cloud of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[366]</a></span> light sprays over the bulwark, and a
+heavy blow of the ship&#8217;s bows against the swell: so much heavier weather
+was made of it by this great rigged ship than by my home-made, lopsided
+coracle, now gone to the bottom of the sea.</p>
+
+<p>At every jump of the schooner red-cap slipped to and fro; but&mdash;what was
+ghastly to behold&mdash;neither his attitude nor his fixed teeth-disclosing
+grin was anyway disturbed by this rough usage. At every jump, too, Hands
+appeared still more to sink into himself and settle down upon the deck,
+his feet sliding ever the farther out, and the whole body canting toward
+the stern, so that his face became, little by little, hid from me; and
+at last I could see nothing beyond his ear and the frayed ringlet of one
+whisker.</p>
+
+<p>At the same time, I observed, around both of them, splashes of dark
+blood upon the planks, and began to feel sure that they had killed each
+other in their drunken wrath.</p>
+
+<p>While I was thus looking and wondering, in a calm moment, when the ship
+was still, Israel Hands turned partly round, and, with a low moan,
+writhed himself back to the position in which I had seen him first. The
+moan, which told of pain and deadly weakness, and the way in which his
+jaw hung open, went right to my heart. But when I remembered the talk I
+had overheard from the apple barrel, all pity left me.</p>
+
+<p>I walked aft until I reached the mainmast.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Come aboard, Mr. Hands,&#8221; I said ironically.</p>
+
+<p>He rolled his eyes round heavily; but he was too far gone to express
+surprise. All he could do was to utter one word: &#8220;Brandy.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[367]</a></span>It occurred to me there was no time to lose; and, dodging the boom as it
+once more lurched across the deck, I slipped aft, and down the companion
+stairs into the cabin.</p>
+
+<p>It was such a scene of confusion as you can hardly fancy. All the
+lockfast places had been broken open in quest of the chart. The floor
+was thick with mud, where ruffians had sat down to drink or consult
+after wading in the marshes round their camp. The bulkheads, all painted
+in clear white, and beaded round with gilt, bore a pattern of dirty
+hands. Dozens of empty bottles clinked together in corners to the
+rolling of the ship. One of the doctor&#8217;s medical books lay open on the
+table, half of the leaves gutted out, I suppose, for pipe-lights. In the
+midst of all this the lamp still cast a smoky glow, obscure and brown as
+umber.</p>
+
+<p>I went into the cellar; all the barrels were gone, and of the bottles a
+most surprising number had been drunk out and thrown away. Certainly,
+since the mutiny began, not a man of them could ever have been sober.
+Foraging about I found a bottle with some brandy left, for Hands; and
+for myself I routed out some biscuit, some pickled fruits, a great bunch
+of raisins, and a piece of cheese. With these I came on deck, put down
+my own stock behind the rudder head, and well out of the coxswain&#8217;s
+reach, went forward to the waterbreaker, and had a good, deep drink of
+water, and then, and not till then, gave Hands the brandy.</p>
+
+<p>He must have drunk a gill before he took the bottle from his mouth.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ay,&#8221; said he, &#8220;by thunder, but I wanted some o&#8217; that!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[368]</a></span>I had sat down already in my own corner and begun to eat.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Much hurt?&#8221; I asked him.</p>
+
+<p>He grunted, or, rather, I might say, he barked.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;If that doctor was aboard,&#8221; he said, &#8220;I&#8217;d be right enough in a couple
+of turns; but I don&#8217;t have no manner of luck, you see, and that&#8217;s what&#8217;s
+the matter with me. As for that swab, he&#8217;s good and dead, he is,&#8221; he
+added, indicating the man with the red cap. &#8220;He warn&#8217;t no seaman,
+anyhow. And where mought you have come from?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said I, &#8220;I&#8217;ve come aboard to take possession of this ship, Mr.
+Hands; and you&#8217;ll please regard me as your captain until further
+notice.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>He looked at me sourly enough, but said nothing. Some of the color had
+come back into his cheeks, though he still looked very sick, and still
+continued to slip out and settle down as the ship banged about.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;By the bye,&#8221; I continued, &#8220;I can&#8217;t have these colors, Mr. Hands; and,
+by your leave, I&#8217;ll strike &#8217;em. Better none than these.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>And, again dodging the boom, I ran to the color lines, handed down their
+cursed black flag, and chucked it overboard.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;God save the king!&#8221; said I, waving my cap.</p>
+
+<p>He watched me keenly and slyly, his chin all the while on his breast.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I reckon,&#8221; he said at last&mdash;&#8220;I reckon, Cap&#8217;n Hawkins, you&#8217;ll kind of
+want to get ashore, now. S&#8217;pose we talks.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why, yes,&#8221; says I, &#8220;with all my heart, Mr. Hands. Say on.&#8221; And I went
+back to my meal with a good appetite.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[369]</a></span>&#8220;This man,&#8221; he began, nodding feebly at the corpse&mdash;&#8220;O&#8217;Brien were his
+name&mdash;a rank Irelander&mdash;this man and me got the canvas on her, meaning
+for to sail her back. Well, <em>he&#8217;s</em> dead now, he is&mdash;as dead as bilge;
+and who&#8217;s to sail this ship, I don&#8217;t see. Without I gives you a hint,
+you ain&#8217;t that man, as far&#8217;s I can tell. Now, look here, you gives me
+food and drink, and an old scarf or ankecher to tie my wound up, you do;
+and I&#8217;ll tell you how to sail her; and that&#8217;s about square all round, I
+take <a name="corr11" id="corr11"></a>it.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;ll tell you one thing,&#8221; says I: &#8220;I&#8217;m not going back to Captain Kidd&#8217;s
+anchorage. I mean to get into North Inlet, and beach her quietly there.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;To be sure you did,&#8221; he cried. &#8220;Why, I ain&#8217;t such an infernal lubber,
+after all. I can see, can&#8217;t I? I&#8217;ve tried my fling, I have, and I&#8217;ve
+lost, and it&#8217;s you has the wind of me. North Inlet? Why, I haven&#8217;t no
+chi&#8217;ce, not I! I&#8217;d help you sail her up to Execution Dock, by thunder!
+so I would.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Well, as it seemed to me, there was some sense in this. We struck our
+bargain on the spot. In three minutes I had the <cite>Hispaniola</cite> sailing
+easily before the wind along the coast of Treasure Island, with good
+hopes of turning the northern point ere noon, and beating down again as
+far as North Inlet before high water, when we might beach her safely,
+and wait till the subsiding tide permitted us to land.</p>
+
+<p>Then I lashed the tiller and went below to my own chest, where I got a
+soft silk handkerchief of my mother&#8217;s. With this, and with my aid, Hands
+bound up the great bleeding stab he had received in the thigh, and after
+he had eaten a little and had a swallow or two more of the brandy, he
+began to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[370]</a></span> pick up visibly, sat straighter up, spoke louder and clearer,
+and looked in every way another man.</p>
+
+<p>The breeze served us admirably. We skimmed before it like a bird, the
+coast of the island flashing by, and the view changing every minute.
+Soon we were past the high lands and bowling beside low, sandy country,
+sparsely dotted with dwarf pines, and soon we were beyond that again,
+and had turned the corner of the rocky hill that ends the island on the
+north.</p>
+
+<p>I was greatly elated with my new command, and pleased with the bright,
+sunshiny weather and these different prospects of the coast. I had now
+plenty of water and good things to eat, and my conscience, which had
+smitten me hard for my desertion, was quieted by the great conquest I
+had made. I should, I think, have had nothing left me to desire but for
+the eyes of the coxswain as they followed me derisively about the deck,
+and the odd smile that appeared continually on his face. It was a smile
+that had in it something both of pain and weakness&mdash;a haggard, old man&#8217;s
+smile; but there was besides that, a grain of derision, a shadow of
+treachery in his expression as he craftily watched, and watched, and
+watched me at my work.</p>
+
+<p>The wind, serving us to a desire, now hauled into the west. We could run
+so much the easier from the northeast corner of the island to the mouth
+of the North Inlet. Only, as we had no power to anchor, and dared not
+beach her till the tide had flowed a good deal farther, time hung on our
+hands.</p>
+
+<p>The coxswain told me how to lay the ship to; after a good many trials I
+succeeded, and we both sat in silence over another meal.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[371]</a></span>&#8220;Cap&#8217;n,&#8221; said he, at length, with that same uncomfortable smile, &#8220;here&#8217;s
+my old shipmate, O&#8217;Brien; s&#8217;pose you was to heave him overboard. I ain&#8217;t
+partic&#8217;lar as a rule, and I don&#8217;t take no blame for settling his hash;
+but I don&#8217;t reckon him ornamental, now, do you?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I&#8217;m not strong enough, and I don&#8217;t like the job; and there he lies, for
+me,&#8221; said I.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;This here&#8217;s an unlucky ship&mdash;this <cite>Hispaniola</cite>, Jim,&#8221; he went on,
+blinking. &#8220;There&#8217;s a power of men been killed in this <cite>Hispaniola</cite>&mdash;a
+sight o&#8217; poor seamen dead and gone since you and me took ship to
+Bristol. I never seen sich dirty luck, not I. There was this here
+O&#8217;Brien, now&mdash;he&#8217;s dead, ain&#8217;t he? Well, now, I&#8217;m no scholar, and you&#8217;re
+a lad as can read and figure; and, to put it straight, do you take it as
+a dead man is dead for good, or do he come alive again?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;You can kill the body, Mr. Hands, but not the spirit; you must know
+that already,&#8221; I replied. &#8220;O&#8217;Brien there is in another world, and maybe
+watching us.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Ah!&#8221; says he. &#8220;Well, that&#8217;s unfort&#8217;nate&mdash;appears as if killing parties
+was a waste of time. Howsomever, sperrits don&#8217;t reckon for much, by what
+I&#8217;ve seen. I&#8217;ll chance it with the sperrits, Jim. And now, you&#8217;ve spoke
+up free, and I&#8217;ll take it kind if you&#8217;d step down into that there cabin
+and get me a&mdash;well, a&mdash;shiver my timbers! I can&#8217;t hit the name on&#8217;t;
+well, you get me a bottle of wine, Jim&mdash;this here brandy&#8217;s too strong
+for my head.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Now, the coxswain&#8217;s hesitation seemed to be unnatural; and as for the
+notion of his preferring wine to brandy, I entirely disbelieved it. The<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[372]</a></span>
+whole story was a pretext. He wanted me to leave the deck&mdash;so much was
+plain; but with what purpose I could in no way imagine. His eyes never
+met mine; they kept wandering to and fro, up and down, now with a look
+to the sky, now with a flitting glance upon the dead O&#8217;Brien. All the
+time he kept smiling and putting his tongue out in the most guilty,
+embarrassed manner, so that a child could have told that he was bent on
+some deception. I was prompt with my answer, however, for I saw where my
+advantage lay; and that with a fellow so densely stupid I could easily
+conceal my suspicions to the end.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Some wine?&#8221; I said. &#8220;Far better. Will you have white or red?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, I reckon it&#8217;s about the blessed same to me, shipmate,&#8221; he
+replied; &#8220;so it&#8217;s strong and plenty of it, what&#8217;s the odds?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;All right,&#8221; I answered. &#8220;I&#8217;ll bring you port, Mr. Hands. But I&#8217;ll have
+to dig for it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>With that I scuttled down the companion with all the noise I could,
+slipped off my shoes, ran quietly along the sparred gallery, mounted the
+forecastle ladder and popped my head out of the fore companion. I knew
+he would not expect to see me there; yet I took every precaution
+possible; and certainly the worst of my suspicions proved too true.</p>
+
+<p>He had risen from his position to his hands and knees; and though his
+leg obviously hurt him pretty sharply when he moved&mdash;for I could hear
+him stifle a groan&mdash;yet it was at a good, rattling rate that he trailed
+himself across the deck. In half a minute he had reached the port
+scuppers, and picked<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[373]</a></span> out a coil of rope, a long knife, or rather a
+short dirk, discolored to the hilt with blood. He looked upon it for a
+moment, thrusting forth his under jaw, tried the point upon his hand,
+and then, hastily concealing it in the bosom of his jacket, trundled
+back again into his old place against the bulwark.</p>
+
+<p>That was all that I required to know. Israel could move about; he was
+now armed; and if he had been at so much trouble to get rid of me, it
+was plain that I was meant to be the victim. What he would do
+afterward&mdash;whether he would try to crawl right across the island from
+North Inlet to the camp among the swamps, or whether he would fire Long
+Tom, trusting that his own comrades might come first to help him, was,
+of course, more than I could say.</p>
+
+<p>Yet I felt sure that I could trust him in one point, since in that our
+interests jumped together, and that was in the disposition of the
+schooner. We both desired to have her stranded safe enough, in a
+sheltered place, and so that, when the time came, she could be got off
+again with as little labor and danger as might be; and until that was
+done I considered that my life would certainly be spared.</p>
+
+<p>While I was thus turning the business over in my mind, I had not been
+idle with my body. I had stolen back to the cabin, slipped once more
+into my shoes, and laid my hand at random on a bottle of wine, and now,
+with this for an excuse, I made my reappearance on the deck.</p>
+
+<p>Hands lay as I had left him, all fallen together in a bundle, and with
+his eyelids lowered, as though he were too weak to bear the light. He
+looked up, however, at my coming, knocked the neck off<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[374]</a></span> the bottle, like
+a man who had done the same thing often, and took a good swig, with his
+favorite toast of &#8220;Here&#8217;s luck!&#8221; Then he lay quiet for a little, and
+then, pulling out a stick of tobacco, begged me to cut him a quid.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Cut me a junk o&#8217; that,&#8221; says he, &#8220;for I haven&#8217;t no knife, and hardly
+strength enough, so be as I had. Ah, Jim, Jim, I reckon I&#8217;ve missed
+stays! Cut me a quid, as&#8217;ll likely be the last, lad; for I&#8217;m for my long
+home, and no mistake.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well,&#8221; said I, &#8220;I&#8217;ll cut you some tobacco; but if I was you and thought
+myself so badly, I would go to my prayers, like a Christian man.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why?&#8221; said he. &#8220;Now, you tell me why.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Why?&#8221; I cried. &#8220;You were asking me just now about the dead. You&#8217;ve
+broken your trust; you&#8217;ve lived in sin and lies and blood; there&#8217;s a man
+you killed lying at your feet this moment; and you ask me why! For God&#8217;s
+mercy, Mr. Hands, that&#8217;s why.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>I spoke with a little heat, thinking of the bloody dirk he had hidden in
+his pocket, and designed, in his ill thoughts, to end me with. He, for
+his part, took a great draught of the wine, and spoke with the most
+unusual solemnity.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;For thirty years,&#8221; he said, &#8220;I&#8217;ve sailed the seas, and seen good and
+bad, better and worse, fair weather and foul, provisions running out,
+knives going, and what not. Well, now I tell you, I never seen good come
+o&#8217; goodness yet. Him as strikes first is my fancy; dead men don&#8217;t bite;
+them&#8217;s my views&mdash;amen, so be it. And now, you look here,&#8221; he added,
+suddenly changing his tone, &#8220;we&#8217;ve had about enough of this foolery. The
+tide&#8217;s made<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[375]</a></span> good enough by now. You just take my orders, Cap&#8217;n Hawkins,
+and we&#8217;ll sail slap in and be done with it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>All told, we had scarce two miles to run; but the navigation was
+delicate, the entrance to this northern anchorage was not only narrow
+and shoal, but lay east and west, so that the schooner must be nicely
+handled to be got in. I think I was a good, prompt subaltern, and I am
+very sure that Hands was an excellent pilot; for we went about and
+about, and dodged in, shaving the banks, with a certainty and a neatness
+that was a pleasure to behold.</p>
+
+<p>Scarcely had we passed the heads before the land closed around us. The
+shores of North Inlet were as thickly wooded as those of the southern
+anchorage; but the space was longer and narrower, and more like, what in
+truth it was, the estuary of a river.</p>
+
+<p>Right before us, at the southern end, we saw the wreck of a ship in the
+last stages of dilapidation. It had been a great vessel of three masts,
+but had lain so long exposed to the injuries of the weather that it was
+hung about with great webs of dripping seaweed, and on the deck of it
+shore bushes had taken root, and now flourished thick with flowers. It
+was a sad sight, but it showed us that the anchorage was calm.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now,&#8221; said Hands, &#8220;look there; there&#8217;s a pet bit for to beach a ship
+in. Fine flat sand, never a catspaw, trees all around of it, and flowers
+a-blowing like a garding on that old ship.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And once beached,&#8221; I inquired, &#8220;how shall we get her off again?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span>&#8220;Why, so,&#8221; he replied: &#8220;you take a line ashore there on the other side
+at low water; take a turn about one o&#8217; them big pines; bring it back,
+take a turn round the capstan, and lie-to for the tide. Come high water,
+all hands take a pull upon the line, and off she comes as sweet as
+natur&#8217;. And now, boy, you stand by. We&#8217;re near the bit now, and she&#8217;s
+too much way on her. Starboard a little&mdash;so&mdash;steady&mdash;starboard&mdash;larboard
+a little&mdash;steady&mdash;steady!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So he issued his commands, which I breathlessly obeyed; till, all of a
+sudden, he cried: &#8220;Now, my hearty, luff!&#8221; And I put the helm hard up,
+and the <cite>Hispaniola</cite> swung round rapidly, and ran stem on for the low
+wooded shore.</p>
+
+<p>The excitement of these last maneuvers had somewhat interfered with the
+watch I had kept hitherto, sharply enough, upon the coxswain. Even then
+I was still so much interested, waiting for the ship to touch, that I
+had quite forgot the peril that hung over my head, and stood craning
+over the starboard bulwarks and watching the ripples spreading wide
+before the bows. I might have fallen without a struggle for my life, had
+not a sudden disquietude seized upon me, and made me turn my head.
+Perhaps I had heard a creak, or seen his shadow moving with the tail of
+my eye; perhaps it was an instinct like a cat&#8217;s; but, sure enough, when
+I looked round, there was Hands, already halfway toward me, with the
+dirk in his right hand.</p>
+
+<p>We must both have cried out aloud when our eyes met; but while mine was
+the shrill cry of terror, his was a roar of fury like a charging
+bull&#8217;s.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[377]</a></span> At the same instant he threw himself forward, and I leaped
+sideways toward the bows. As I did so I let go of the tiller, which
+sprang sharp to leeward; and I think this saved my life, for it struck
+Hands across the chest and stopped him, for the moment, dead.</p>
+
+<p>Before he could recover, I was safe out of the corner where he had me
+trapped, with all the deck to dodge about. Just forward of the mainmast
+I stopped, drew a pistol from my pocket, took a cool aim, though he had
+already turned and was once more coming directly after me, and drew the
+trigger. The hammer fell, but there followed neither flash nor sound;
+the priming was useless with sea-water. I cursed myself for my neglect.
+Why had not I, long before, reprimed and reloaded my only weapons? Then
+I should not have been as now, a mere fleeing sheep before this butcher.</p>
+
+<p>Wounded as he was, it was wonderful how fast he could move, his grizzled
+hair tumbling over his face, and his face itself as red as a red ensign
+with his haste and fury. I had no time to try my other pistol, nor,
+indeed, much inclination, for I was sure it would be useless. One thing
+I saw plainly: I must not simply retreat before him, or he would
+speedily hold me boxed into the bows, as a moment since he had so nearly
+boxed me in the stern. Once so caught, and nine or ten inches of the
+bloodstained dirk would be my last experience on this side of eternity.
+I placed my palms against the mainmast, which was of a goodish bigness,
+and waited, every nerve upon the stretch.</p>
+
+<p>Seeing that I meant to dodge, he also paused; and a moment or two passed
+in feints on his part,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[378]</a></span> and corresponding movements upon mine. It was
+such a game as I had often played at home about the rocks of Black Hill
+Cove; but never before, you may be sure, with such a wildly beating
+heart as now. Still, as I say, it was a boy&#8217;s game, and I thought I
+could hold my own at it, against an elderly seaman with a wounded thigh.
+Indeed, my courage had begun to rise so high that I allowed myself a few
+darting thoughts on what would be the end of the affair; and while I saw
+certainly that I could spin it out for long, I saw no hope of any
+ultimate escape.</p>
+
+<p>Well, while things stood thus, suddenly the <cite>Hispaniola</cite> struck,
+staggered, ground for an instant in the sand, and then, swift as a blow,
+canted over to the port side, till the deck stood at an angle of
+forty-five degrees, and about a puncheon of water splashed into the
+scupperholes, and lay in a pool between the deck and bulwark.</p>
+
+<p>We were both of us capsized in a second, and both of us rolled, almost
+together, into the scuppers; the dead red-cap, with his arms still
+spread out, tumbled stiffly after us. So near were we, indeed, that my
+head came against the coxswain&#8217;s foot with a crack that made my teeth
+rattle. Blow and all, I was the first afoot again; for Hands had got
+involved with the dead body. The sudden canting of the ship had made the
+deck no place for running on; I had to find some new way of escape, and
+that upon the instant, for my foe was almost touching me. Quick as
+thought I sprang into the mizzen shrouds, rattled up hand over hand, and
+did not draw a breath till I was seated on the crosstrees.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[379]</a></span>I had been saved by being prompt; the dirk had struck not half a foot
+below me, as I pursued my upward flight; and there stood Israel Hands
+with his mouth open and his face upturned to mine, a perfect statue of
+surprise and disappointment.</p>
+
+<p>Now that I had a moment to myself, I lost no time in changing the
+priming of my pistol, and then, having one ready for service, and to
+make assurance doubly sure, I proceeded to draw the load of the other,
+and recharge it afresh from the beginning.</p>
+
+<p>My new employment struck Hands all of a heap; he began to see the dice
+going against him; and after an obvious hesitation, he also hauled
+himself heavily into the shrouds, and, with the dirk in his teeth, began
+slowly and painfully to mount. It cost him no end of time and groans to
+haul his wounded leg behind him; and I had quietly finished my
+arrangements before he was much more than a third of the way up. Then,
+with a pistol in either hand, I addressed him.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;One more step, Mr. Hands,&#8221; said I, &#8220;and I&#8217;ll blow your brains out! Dead
+men don&#8217;t bite, you know,&#8221; I added, with a chuckle.</p>
+
+<p>He stopped instantly. I could see by the working of his face that he was
+trying to think, and the process was so slow and laborious that, in my
+new-found security, I laughed aloud. Then with a swallow or two, he
+spoke, his face still wearing the same expression of extreme perplexity.
+In order to speak he had to take the dagger from his mouth, but, in all
+else, he remained unmoved.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Jim,&#8221; says he, &#8220;I reckon we&#8217;re fouled, you and me, and we&#8217;ll have to
+sign articles. I&#8217;d have had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[380]</a></span> you but for that there lurch: but I don&#8217;t
+have no luck, not I; and I reckon I&#8217;ll have to strike, which comes hard,
+you see, for a master mariner to a ship&#8217;s younker like you, Jim.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>I was drinking in his words and smiling away, as conceited as a cock
+upon a wall, when, all in a breath back went his right hand over his
+shoulder. Something sang like an arrow through the air; I felt a blow
+and then a sharp pang, and there I was pinned by the shoulder to the
+mast. In the horrid pain and surprise of the moment&mdash;I scarce can say it
+was by my own volition, and I am sure it was without a conscious
+aim&mdash;both my pistols went off, and both escaped out of my hands. They
+did not fall alone; with a choked cry, the coxswain loosed his grasp
+upon the shrouds, and plunged head first into the water.</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="afterstory">Stevenson was not one of the men who can write only one sort of
+thing. The numerous little poems contained in the first volume of
+this series show his sympathetic knowledge of children, while his
+essays prove that he could handle serious subjects in a most
+masterly manner. The extract from <cite>Treasure Island</cite> which you have
+just been reading displays his skill in still another field&mdash;the
+writing of stories of pure adventure.</p>
+
+<p>One of the striking things in all Stevenson&#8217;s writings is his power
+of vivid description, his ability to make us see things. Nor does
+he make us wait while he gives us page-long descriptions; he
+suggests pictures to us with a few words. It may be safely said of
+descriptions, when they are part of a story, that those which are
+given in the fewest words, if those few words are the right ones,
+are most effective. Stevenson fully grasped this fact, and that is
+the reason he is able to bring all his scenes before us so vividly,
+without wearying our patience.</p></div>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_352-1" id="Footnote_352-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_352-1" class="label">352-1</a> From <cite>Treasure Island</cite>.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[381]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="JOHN_GREENLEAF_WHITTIER" id="JOHN_GREENLEAF_WHITTIER"></a>JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER<a name="Anchor_381-1" id="Anchor_381-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 381-1" href="#Footnote_381-1" class="fnanchor" style="font-size: 70%;">381-1</a></h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Grace E. Sellon</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapn"><span class="hide">N</span></span><span class="upper">ear</span> the town of Haverhill, Massachusetts, in the old homestead of his
+father&#8217;s family, the poet John Greenleaf Whittier was born December 17,
+1807. Like all the other children who generation after generation had
+come to live in this Quaker dwelling, he was brought up in simple,
+useful ways, and was early given his full share of the duties about the
+farm. No matter how sharply the cold of the harsh New England winter
+pierced his homespun clothes, the snow must be shoveled from the paths,
+firewood must be brought, the stalls in the barn must be littered, and,
+worst task of all for him, seven cows must be milked. Yet there was
+plenty of fun to be had, too. When the snow fell so heavily that it
+blocked all the roads and closed in tightly about the house, the two
+Whittier boys found it exciting work to dig their way to the outside
+world.</p>
+
+<p>When the early twilight fell and passed into night, the boys with their
+sisters joined the group gathered about the great hearth, and there
+listened to stories of Indians, witches and Christian martyrs, and to
+many another weird or adventurous tale told by the older members of the
+family. While they were being thus entertained, the blaze of the red
+logs went roaring up the chimney,</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[382]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;The house-dog on his paws outspread<br />
+Laid to the fire his drowsy head,<br />
+The cat&#8217;s dark silhouette on the wall<br />
+A couchant tiger&#8217;s seemed to fall;<br />
+And, for the winter fireside meet,<br />
+Between the andirons&#8217; straddling feet,<br />
+The mug of cider simmered slow,<br />
+The apples sputtered in a row,<br />
+And, close at hand, the basket stood<br />
+With nuts from brown October&#8217;s wood.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>All too soon this pleasant time came to an end, and the boys must go to
+their bare, unheated room upstairs. There, the poet has written,</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Within our beds awhile we heard<br />
+The wind that round the gables roared,<br />
+With now and then a ruder shock,<br />
+Which made our very bedsteads rock.<br />
+We heard the loosened clapboards tost,<br />
+The board-nails snapping in the frost;<br />
+And on us, through the unplastered wall,<br />
+Felt the lightsifted snowflakes fall;<br />
+But sleep stole on, as sleep will do<br />
+When hearts are light and life is new;<br />
+Faint and more faint the murmurs grew,<br />
+Till in the summer-land of dreams<br />
+They softened to the sound of streams.<br />
+Low stir of leaves, and dip of oars,<br />
+And lapsing waves on quiet shores.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>In the warm season, though there was much to do in helping plant and
+harvest the crops, there were good times to be had in climbing to the
+top of Job&#8217;s hill, next to the house, where the friendly oxen were
+pastured, or in gathering berries or nuts, or in watching the birds,
+bees and squirrels as they worked or played about their homes. It was
+these delights of his childhood that the poet was calling<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[383]</a></span> to
+remembrance when he wrote <cite>The Barefoot Boy</cite>, which may be found
+elsewhere in these volumes.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<a name="image52" id="image52"></a><a href="images/image52-full.jpg"><img src="images/image52.jpg" width="400" height="255" alt="A farmhouse set between the trees" title="Whittier&#8217;s Birthplace" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">Whittier&#8217;s Birthplace</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Probably there are few country lads to-day who know so little as did the
+Whittier boys of the common sights and pleasures of city life. The
+strict Quaker belief regarding children&#8217;s amusement barred them from
+most of the enjoyment familiar to the young people in the great world
+that lay beyond their home. So little were they acquainted with the
+forbidden attractions at the circus that one time when President Monroe
+visited Haverhill, Greenleaf (as the poet was known in his home),
+looking next day for traces of the presence of the great man, whom he
+had not been allowed to see, came upon the tracks of an elephant that
+had been in town with a traveling menagerie, and in his ignorance
+believed that these were the footsteps of the famous visitor. The
+theater, so the children were taught, was to be shunned as a place of
+wickedness. Once when Greenleaf was visiting in Boston he was asked to
+go to a play by a lady whom he met in the home where he was staying.
+When he found that the lady was an actress, he became so much afraid of
+being led into sinful ways that, not daring to remain longer, he started
+off at once for home.</p>
+
+<p>Though young Whittier was a wide-awake boy and eager to learn, there was
+only the district school, held for a few weeks each winter, for him to
+attend. Yet an opportunity was not lacking for bringing to light his
+poetic gift. One of his schoolmasters, who lived for part of the term in
+the Whittier home, used to read to the family from various interesting
+books, and one night chose for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></span> their entertainment a volume of Burns&#8217;s
+poems. As the lines of the much-loved Scotch poet fell from the reader&#8217;s
+lips, the young boy listened as he had never before listened in his
+life. His own power awakened and responded warmly to that of the older
+poet. From that hour, whether he was at home or at school, he found
+great pleasure in writing verses, which he often showed to his young
+friends. Thus it was that his older sister Mary was able, all unknown to
+him, to send off one of his poems to the Newburyport <cite>Free Press</cite>. When
+the paper containing the verses came, the young poet read the lines over
+and over again, almost too dazed to recognize them as his own. This
+contribution was followed by another made to the same paper. By this
+time the editor&#8217;s interest had been so much aroused that, learning from
+the postman of the author&#8217;s whereabouts, he traveled to Haverhill to
+visit him. This editor was no other than William Lloyd Garrison, who
+later became famous as a leader of the cause of abolition. He urged
+strongly that the boy&#8217;s education be continued. Perhaps his words would
+have counted for nothing, however, had it not been that somewhat later
+the editor of the Haverhill <cite>Gazette</cite>, in which some of young Whittier&#8217;s
+verses had been published, entreated the boy&#8217;s parents to send him to
+the new Haverhill Academy. His father&#8217;s consent having been gained,
+Greenleaf learned from a man who worked on the farm how to make
+slippers, and thus he became able to pay his own expenses during a term
+at the Academy. By teaching school in the winter, and by helping to keep
+the books of a Haverhill merchant, he was able to provide for a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[385]</a></span> second
+term. Thus was completed his regular schooling.</p>
+
+<p>In the meanwhile his friend Garrison had kept an eye on him, and at the
+close of 1825 secured for him the editorship of <cite>The American
+Manufacturer</cite>, a weekly magazine published in Boston. Young Whittier
+entered with great interest into the work, contributing articles on
+politics and temperance as well as numerous poems. Though he received
+only nine dollars a week, he was able, when called back to Haverhill in
+1829, by his father&#8217;s illness, to give about one half of what he had
+earned to help remove the mortgage on the farm.</p>
+
+<p>He remained at home until his father&#8217;s death in 1830, editing for a time
+the Haverhill <cite>Gazette</cite> and sending to the <cite>New England Review</cite>, of
+Hartford, Connecticut, various poems and articles. So much favor did
+these find with the editor, George D. Prentice, that he invited the
+young writer to fill his position during a temporary absence. The offer
+was highly complimentary, for the <cite>Review</cite> was the principal political
+journal in Connecticut supporting Henry Clay. However, Whittier was well
+prepared for the work, for he had become acquainted with the leaders and
+with the chief interests of the Whig party while editing the
+<cite>Manufacturer</cite>, and was himself an enthusiastic follower of Clay. His
+common sense and shrewd but kindly reading of human nature, united with
+a high sense of honor and justice, enabled him to fill this responsible
+position with marked success until his failing health forced him to give
+it up in January, 1832.</p>
+
+<p>There was much reason for Whittier to look for success in political
+life, for his editorial work had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[386]</a></span> made him widely known as a man of sane
+and practical views, and he was so highly regarded in the district where
+he lived that had he reached the required age of twenty-five, he would
+in all probability have been made a candidate for Congress in 1832. Thus
+it was that although he had published more than a hundred favorably
+received poems between 1828 and 1832, he wrote in the latter year: &#8220;My
+prospects are too good to be sacrificed for any uncertainty. I have done
+with poetry and literature.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>A far nobler mission, however, and greater usefulness than he could have
+planned for himself lay before Whittier. It was not political success
+that was to draw forth the greatness of his nature. The strong and
+fearless interest with which his friend Garrison had begun to champion
+the abolition of slavery in the United States appealed to him, he felt
+with all his heart that the cause was right, and, closing his eyes to
+the bright promise of political success, he chose to unite himself with
+the scorned and mistreated upholders of freedom. After thorough
+consideration and study, he wrote and published in 1833 the pamphlet
+<cite>Justice and Expediency</cite>, in which he set forth fully the arguments
+against slavery. This was the first of his strong and stirring protests
+against oppression. From that time until the close of the Civil War his
+fervent, fearless love of liberty voiced itself through ringing verses,
+in constant appeals to the conscience of the nation. The greatness of
+this influence, as it worked silently in men&#8217;s hearts, who can estimate?</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 301px;">
+<a name="image53" id="image53"></a><a href="images/image53-full.jpg"><img src="images/image53.jpg" width="301" height="400" alt="Portrait of John Greenleaf Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier 1807-1892" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">John Greenleaf Whittier<br />1807-1892</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Whittier&#8217;s part in the anti-slavery struggle was not always a quiet one.
+On one occasion, when in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[387]</a></span> company with a famous but unpopular English
+reformer he was to address an audience on the subject of abolition, he
+was attacked by a mob while passing quietly along the street with a
+friend, and narrowly escaped being tarred and feathered. Somewhat later
+he was set upon in another town by a crowd armed with sticks and stones
+and other missiles, from which he fled with more haste than dignity. It
+was while he was editor of the <cite>Freeman</cite> that Pennsylvania Hall, where
+the Philadelphia Abolitionists held their meetings, was burned by a mob,
+and the papers from Whittier&#8217;s editorial room in this building were used
+to help start the blaze.</p>
+
+<p>In 1836 the farm at Haverhill had been sold, and a cottage was bought in
+Amesbury near the Quaker meetinghouse. It was in this quiet place, under
+the loving care of his mother and sister, that Whittier made his home
+after resigning his position with the <cite>Freeman</cite>. These two women were in
+their way as unselfishly devoted to the cause of freedom as was the poet
+himself, for they encouraged his loyalty and bore privation
+uncomplainingly. In the darkest hour of their need, when it seemed as if
+their home must be mortgaged, Whittier was invited to become a
+contributor to the <cite>Atlantic Monthly</cite>, then being founded, and thus the
+long period of want was brought to an end.</p>
+
+<p>After the death of his mother, in the following year (1858), Whittier&#8217;s
+association with his sister Elizabeth became even closer than before,
+though they had always shared each other&#8217;s hopes and interests with
+unusual sympathy and understanding. When she died, in 1864, it seemed to
+him that part of his life had gone with her. It was with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[388]</a></span> this grief
+still fresh in his mind that he wrote the best known of his poems,
+<cite>Snow-Bound, A Winter Idyl</cite>, in which he pictures in the most simple and
+lifelike manner the quiet loveliness of his childhood home. With
+especial tenderness he tells of the much-loved sister, and lets his
+mingled grief and hope of reunion be seen:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;As one who held herself a part<br />
+Of all she saw, and let her heart<br />
+<span class="i1">Against the household bosom lean,</span><br />
+Upon the motley-braided mat<br />
+Our youngest and our dearest sat,<br />
+Lifting her large, sweet, asking eyes,<br />
+Now bathed within the fadeless green<br />
+And holy peace of Paradise.<br />
+Oh, looking from some heavenly hill,<br />
+<span class="i1">Or from the shade of saintly palms,</span><br />
+<span class="i1">Or silver reach of river calms,</span><br />
+Do those large eyes behold me still?<br />
+With me one little year ago:&mdash;<br />
+The chill weight of the winter snow<br />
+<span class="i1">For months upon her grave has lain;</span><br />
+And now, when summer south-winds blow,<br />
+<span class="i1">And brier and harebell bloom again,</span><br />
+I tread the pleasant paths we trod,<br />
+I see the violet-sprinkled sod,<br />
+Whereon she leaned, too frail and weak,<br />
+The hillside flowers she loved to seek,<br />
+Yet following me where&#8217;er I went<br />
+With dark eyes full of love&#8217;s content.<br />
+The birds are glad; the brier-rose fills<br />
+The air with sweetness; all the hills<br />
+Stretch green to June&#8217;s unclouded sky;<br />
+But still I wait with ear and eye<br />
+For something gone which should be nigh,<br />
+A loss in all familiar things,<br />
+In flower that blooms, and bird that sings.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[389]</a></span>And yet, dear heart! remembering thee,<br />
+<span class="i1">Am I not richer than of old?</span><br />
+Safe in thy immortality,<br />
+<span class="i1">What change can reach the wealth I hold?</span><br />
+<span class="i1">What chance can mar the pearl and gold</span><br />
+Thy love hath left in trust with me?<br />
+And while in life&#8217;s late afternoon<br />
+<span class="i1">Where cool and long the shadows grow,</span><br />
+I walk to meet the night that soon<br />
+<span class="i1">Shall shape and shadow overflow,</span><br />
+I cannot feel that thou art far,<br />
+Since near at need the angels are;<br />
+And when the sunset gates unbar,<br />
+<span class="i1">Shall I not see thee waiting stand,</span><br />
+And, white against the evening star,<br />
+<span class="i1">The welcome of thy beckoning hand?&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>After the death of Elizabeth Whittier, the Amesbury home was cared for
+by the poet&#8217;s niece. During the remaining years of his life Whittier
+passed his time here or in the country. He lived in comparative comfort,
+for the publication of <cite>Snow-Bound</cite> in 1866 had brought very good
+returns. These were years of great peace, in which he remained actively
+interested in the affairs of the nation, yet liked most to dwell upon
+the beauty of nature and especially upon the thought of God&#8217;s goodness
+that must triumph over all the evil in the world. <cite>Among the Hills</cite> and
+the collections <cite>Tent on the Beach</cite> and <cite>At Sundown</cite> were produced in
+the last period; but his religious poems seem best to represent his
+thought and feeling in the closing years. From these were taken the
+beautiful verses <cite>At Last</cite>, read as the poet passed away from earth,
+September 7, 1892.</p>
+
+<p>Though Whittier remained throughout his life a Quaker not only in dress
+and speech but in belief<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[390]</a></span> and character, yet with his quietness and
+quaint simplicity was blended no severity nor gloom. He had a great love
+of fun, which alone can account for his mischievous habit of teasing,
+and for his keeping such pets as the little bantam rooster that aroused
+the household each morning with its crowing, and the parrot &#8220;Charlie&#8221;
+that swore when excited, stopped the horses in the street with its cries
+of &#8220;whoa,&#8221; and nipped the ankles of unwary visitors. Then, too, he was
+always attractive to children, and often preferred their society to that
+of older people. But above all else, with each succeeding year he became
+more just and compassionate towards others. The kindliness of his nature
+was untouched by the sorrow and sickness that he bore. &#8220;Love&mdash;love to
+all the world,&#8221; he would often repeat in his last years, and the sweet
+influence of the benediction is felt by all who read his life and works:</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Best loved and saintliest of our singing train,<br />
+Earth&#8217;s noblest tributes to thy name belong.<br />
+A lifelong record closed without a stain,<br />
+A blameless memory shrined in deathless song.&#8221;<a name="Anchor_390-2" id="Anchor_390-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 390-2" href="#Footnote_390-2" class="fnanchor">390-2</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_381-1" id="Footnote_381-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_381-1" class="label">381-1</a> The poetical quotations given in this article are from
+<cite>Snow-Bound</cite>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_390-2" id="Footnote_390-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_390-2" class="label">390-2</a> From an ode written by Oliver Wendell Holmes upon the
+death of Whittier.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[391]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="WILLIAM_CULLEN_BRYANT" id="WILLIAM_CULLEN_BRYANT"></a>WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT</h2>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapp"><span class="hide">P</span></span><span class="upper">lain</span> indeed was the little home among the hills of Western
+Massachusetts, near the town of Cummington, where was born on November
+3, 1794, the first great American poet, William Cullen Bryant. His
+father was a physician of scholarly tastes, and his mother, though not
+highly educated, was a woman of much practical wisdom. Both parents were
+kind and affectionate, but followed the custom of that time in treating
+their children with a strictness unknown to American boys and girls of
+to-day. Even small acts of disrespect or disobedience were promptly
+punished, and to aid in the work of correction the Bryant home as well
+as that of almost every neighbor was provided with a good-sized bundle
+of birch sticks hanging warningly on the kitchen wall. As the poet
+himself tells us in a sketch of his early life, the children looked upon
+the older people of the family with so much awe that they could not go
+to them freely nor act naturally in their presence.</p>
+
+<p>This severity in his home must have made young Bryant, who was by nature
+grave and thoughtful, even more serious. Then, too, his mental powers
+developed with surprising quickness, so that by the time he had reached
+his teens, he was thinking and expressing himself upon subjects usually
+discussed by men rather than boys. Having begun to write<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[392]</a></span> verses when
+only nine years old, he had had enough practice in this kind of exercise
+to compose when thirteen years of age a satirical poem addressed to
+President Jefferson, because of his part in passing the Embargo Act by
+which New England commerce had been greatly injured. These verses were
+published and met with a ready sale. But far more remarkable as an early
+expression of genius was <cite>Thanatopsis</cite>, written several months before
+Bryant&#8217;s eighteenth birthday. This poem deals with the subject of death
+with such deep thoughtfulness and in such a stately and powerful style
+that although it did not appear until six years later, it was even then
+believed to have been written by the poet&#8217;s father, who had sent it to
+the publisher.</p>
+
+<p>Though he was thoughtful beyond his years and had shown unusual poetic
+power, young Bryant was in other ways quite an ordinary boy. He was
+quiet and studious in the school room, but was active enough in the
+games played outside. Of the sports enjoyed by himself and the other
+boys of the district school, he writes: &#8220;We amused ourselves with
+building dams across the rivulet, and launching rafts made of old boards
+on the collected water; and in winter, with sliding on the ice and
+building snow barricades, which we called forts, and, dividing the boys
+into two armies, and using snowballs for ammunition, we contended for
+the possession of these strongholds. I was one of their swiftest runners
+in the race, and not inexpert at playing ball, but, being of a slight
+frame, I did not distinguish myself in these sieges.&#8221; Sometimes, on long
+evenings, Cullen and his elder brother Austin would play that they were
+the heroes of whom they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[393]</a></span> had read in the <cite>Iliad</cite>, and, fitted out with
+swords and spears and homemade armor, they would enact in the barn the
+great battles of the Trojan War.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 298px;">
+<a name="image54" id="image54"></a><a href="images/image54-full.jpg"><img src="images/image54.jpg" width="298" height="400" alt="Portrait of William Cullen Bryant " title="William Cullen Bryant 1794-1878" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">William Cullen Bryant<br />1794-1878</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>Not only the <cite>Iliad</cite>, but other carefully chosen works of literature
+were discovered by the boy in his father&#8217;s library, and he read widely
+and well. It proved that this reading had to take the place of a much
+hoped-for course at college. After attending Williams College for only
+two terms, he left there, expecting to enter Yale, but was forced to
+give up his plan, owing to his father&#8217;s inability to supply him with the
+necessary means. He did not let this great disappointment overcome him,
+however, but a few months later began the study of law, with the result
+that in 1815 he was admitted to the bar.</p>
+
+<p>It is a fact well worth noting that at the very beginning of his career
+as a lawyer, on the day when he was walking from his home to the little
+village where he was to start his practice, having learned, in his doubt
+and loneliness, a great lesson in faith, he wrote the beautiful poem
+that shows his genius at its best, and probably more than any other made
+him famous, the ode <cite>To a Waterfowl</cite>.</p>
+
+<p>When a little boy, he had prayed, in his simple way, that he might be a
+great poet, and though he had outgrown the prayer, his desire was
+unchanged. More than this, he had now produced two works that
+undoubtedly showed genius. It is not surprising, then, that in a few
+years a literary career was opened to him and he was able to give up the
+law, for which he had no especial liking.</p>
+
+<p>In 1825, after his marriage to a Miss Fairchild of Great Barrington, he
+removed from that town<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[394]</a></span> to New York. There he became editor of the <cite>New
+York Review</cite> and <cite>Athen&aelig;um Magazine</cite>; and a year later he accepted the
+position of assistant editor of the <cite>Evening Post</cite>, a newspaper with
+which he remained for the rest of his life, assuming in 1829 the office
+of editor-in-chief. Though his contributions to this paper were not a
+poet&#8217;s work, they enabled him to unite his literary power with his deep
+interest in the political concerns of the country, and for many years to
+help direct public opinion during the most critical periods in the
+history of the new nation. More than this, while steadily provided with
+a good income he could spend his leisure hours among the quiet country
+scenes where he found inspiration for his greatest works, his simple
+nature poems.</p>
+
+<p>The busy years of his life as a journalist were several times
+interrupted by travel. Besides visiting Mexico, Cuba and various parts
+of the United States, he made six voyages to Europe, and on the fourth
+extended the journey to Egypt and the Holy Land. His <cite>Letters of a
+Traveller</cite> and <cite>Letters from the East</cite> tell of the impressions he
+received in these countries.</p>
+
+<p>Besides translating the <cite>Iliad</cite> and the <cite>Odyssey</cite> and writing the two
+fairy stories in verse, <cite>Sella</cite> and <cite>The Little People of the Snow</cite>,
+Bryant undertook no poetic work of any length. The poems for which his
+name is most honored are the little lyrics in which the calm and beauty
+of nature tell us of truths that never change. Among these, some that
+are best liked by readers both young and old are <cite>The Yellow Violet</cite>,
+<cite>The Fringed Gentian</cite>, <cite>A Forest Hymn</cite>, <cite>The Planting of the Apple
+Tree</cite>,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[395]</a></span> <cite>Robert of Lincoln</cite>, <cite>The Gladness of Nature</cite>, <cite>March</cite> and <cite>To a
+Waterfowl</cite>.</p>
+
+<p>These poems, when studied, are sure to reveal the simplicity and
+sincerity not only of Bryant&#8217;s love for nature, but of his character as
+a man. They show the freedom from affectation that marks alike his
+writings and his everyday life. He followed almost sternly his high
+ideals both of moral right and literary correctness, and this has made
+him seem somewhat cold and formal. But probably all who can read most
+clearly the meaning of his life and works feel that so true-hearted a
+man could not have been lacking in warm and generous kindliness.</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<h2 class="story"><a name="TO_A_WATERFOWL" id="TO_A_WATERFOWL"></a>TO A WATERFOWL</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">William Cullen Bryant</span></p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="opening"><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;&#8220;He says in a letter that he felt, as he walked up the
+hills, very forlorn and desolate indeed, not knowing what was to
+become of him in the big world, which grew bigger as he ascended,
+and yet darker with the coming on of night. The sun had already
+set, leaving behind it one of those brilliant seas of chrysolite
+and opal which often flood the New England skies; and, while he was
+looking upon the rosy splendor with rapt admiration, a solitary
+bird made wing along the illuminated horizon. He watched the lone
+wanderer until it was lost in the distance, asking himself whence
+it had come and to what far home it was flying. When he went to the
+house where he was to stop for the night, his mind was still full
+of what he had seen and felt, and he wrote these lines, as
+imperishable as our language, <cite>To a Waterfowl</cite>.&#8221;&mdash;Parke Godwin, in
+Biography of Bryant.</p></div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[396]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 250px;">
+<a name="image55" id="image55"></a><a href="images/image55-full.png"><img src="images/image55.png" width="250" height="310" alt="A man dressed in a toga, sitting on a rock in a garden with flowers looking at a bird flying over a river" title="THY FIGURE FLOATS ALONG" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THY FIGURE FLOATS ALONG</span>
+</div>
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">W</span><span class="upper">hither</span>, &#8217;midst falling dew,<br />
+While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,<br />
+Far through their rosy depths dost thou pursue<br />
+<span class="i2">Thy solitary way?</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">Vainly the fowler&#8217;s eye</span><br />
+Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[397]</a></span>As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,<br />
+<span class="i2">Thy figure floats along.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">Seek&#8217;st thou the plashy brink</span><br />
+Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,<br />
+Or where the rocking billows rise and sink<br />
+<span class="i2">On the chafed ocean side?</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">There is a Power whose care</span><br />
+Teaches thy way along that pathless coast&mdash;<br />
+The desert and illimitable air&mdash;<br />
+<span class="i2">Lone wandering, but not lost.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">All day thy wings have fanned,</span><br />
+At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere,<br />
+Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,<br />
+<span class="i2">Though the dark night is near.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">And soon that toil shall end;</span><br />
+Soon shalt thou find a summer home and rest,<br />
+And scream among thy fellows; reeds shall bend,<br />
+<span class="i2">Soon, o&#8217;er thy sheltered nest.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">Thou&#8217;rt gone, the abyss of heaven</span><br />
+Hath swallowed up thy form; yet on my heart<br />
+Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,<br />
+<span class="i2">And shall not soon depart.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">He who, from zone to zone,</span><br />
+Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,<br />
+In the long way that I must tread alone,<br />
+<span class="i2">Will lead my steps aright.</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[398]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="OLIVER_WENDELL_HOLMES" id="OLIVER_WENDELL_HOLMES"></a>OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Grace E. Sellon</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapb"><span class="hide">B</span></span><span class="upper">esides</span> giving to the United States her great president, Abraham
+Lincoln, the year 1809 also bestowed upon us one of the most gifted and
+warmly esteemed of American authors, Oliver Wendell Holmes. It was in a
+pleasant home in Cambridge, not far from the great university in which
+he was to serve ably for so many years, that Holmes was born. His mother
+was a bright and sociable little woman, well liked for her lively ways
+and quick sympathy, and his father, though a grave and scholarly man,
+was of a kindly nature. Both parents were descended from families that
+were looked upon as among the best in New England, and this became a
+matter of no little pride to their son.</p>
+
+<p>The old colonial house where his boyhood and youth were spent contained
+a well-chosen library. Here, he has written, &#8220;he bumped about among
+books from the time when he was hardly taller than one of his father&#8217;s
+or grandfather&#8217;s folios.&#8221; Yet he did not read many of these volumes
+thoroughly. He liked to &#8220;read <em>in</em> books rather than <em>through</em> them&#8221; and
+would hunt out a paragraph here and there that especially pleased and
+satisfied him. The collections of sermons were always passed by, the
+lives of pious children met with the same neglect, and even <cite>The
+Pilgrim&#8217;s Progress</cite> seemed to picture the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[399]</a></span> world as such a cruel,
+gloomy place that this great book too was shunned.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 304px;">
+<a name="image56" id="image56"></a><a href="images/image56-full.jpg"><img src="images/image56.jpg" width="304" height="400" alt="Portrait of Oliver Wendell Holmes" title="Oliver Wendell Holmes 1809-1894" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">Oliver Wendell Holmes<br />1809-1894</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The truth was that, being a lively and cheerful boy, he rebelled against
+the dark and fear-awakening religion preached by his father, a
+Congregational minister, discussed by visiting pastors and taught in
+many of the books that he avoided in the library. He seemed to know by
+instinct which of the clergymen who called at his father&#8217;s home were
+kindly and friendly, and which of them looked on children as &#8220;a set of
+little fallen wretches,&#8221; and for the forlorn looks and solemn ways of
+the latter he had an especial dislike. &#8220;Now and then,&#8221; he has written,
+&#8220;would come along a clerical visitor with a sad face and a wailing
+voice, which sounded exactly as if somebody must be lying dead upstairs,
+who took no interest in us children, except a painful one, as being in a
+bad way with our cheery looks, and did more to unchristianize us with
+his woebegone ways than all his sermons were like to accomplish in the
+other direction.&#8221; In fact, he might have pleased his father by becoming
+a minister if a certain preacher that he knew had not, to use his own
+words, &#8220;looked and talked so like an undertaker.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>But the dreary sermons, the visits of the long-faced clergymen and the
+drill in the Catechism were only shadows that came and went. Most of the
+time young Holmes was as light-hearted a boy as was to be found in all
+New England. He liked best of all to go hunting, carrying on such trips
+an old gun of the kind used in the Revolution. A good many of his hours
+at home were spent in working with tools, and thus he became skilful
+enough to carve out of wood a skate on which he learned to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[400]</a></span> travel about
+on the ice. He was active and industrious at school, too, and he made
+such a good record there that though he whispered a great part of the
+time he got along peaceably with the school-master. The only serious
+troubles that he had came from two great fears. Many times after he had
+gone to bed at night he would be awakened by ghosts or evil spirits
+mysteriously roaming through the house. Perhaps he was ashamed to tell
+of this dread to his mother or father, and so the foolish belief that
+there might be ghosts about stayed with him through boyhood. His other
+fear was of the doctor&#8217;s visits. In helpless terror he would look on
+while the old physician pronounced his doom and began to measure out the
+bitter medicine.</p>
+
+<p>In his fifteenth year Holmes left the school at Cambridgeport to attend
+Phillips Academy, at Andover, and in the following year, 1825, entered
+Harvard College. During his four years at Harvard he took quite as
+active an interest in the social life of the college as in his classes.
+He joined the society known as the Knights of the Square Table, and at
+the lively meetings of the club, where wine and wit passed freely about
+the table, he was introduced to a kind of gayety undreamed of in his
+quiet home. In a humorous description of himself, given at this time in
+a letter to a former classmate at Andover, he writes:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I, then, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Junior in Harvard University, am a
+plumeless biped of the height of exactly five feet three inches when
+standing in a pair of substantial boots made by Mr. Russell of this
+town, having eyes which I call blue, and hair which I do not know what
+to call.... Secondly,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[401]</a></span> with regard to my normal qualities, I am rather
+lazy than otherwise, and certainly do not study as hard as I ought to. I
+am not dissipated and I am not sedate, and when I last ascertained my
+college rank, I stood in the humble situation of seventeenth scholar.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>After graduating from Harvard, Holmes entered the Dane Law School at
+Cambridge. He did not feel at all sure, however, that he wished to be a
+lawyer, and at the end of a year he had so far lost interest in his
+studies that he gave them up. As the physician&#8217;s calling seemed much
+more to his liking, he took two courses of study in a private school of
+medicine. This preparation was not, of course, sufficient to fit him for
+a larger practice, so a trip to Europe where he could study under the
+great professors of the School of Medicine at Paris became necessary.
+Accordingly, his parents, at some sacrifice to themselves, provided him
+with the required means, and he set sail from New York in the spring of
+1833.</p>
+
+<p>During the two years spent abroad, Holmes gave himself up wholly to his
+chosen study. &#8220;I am more and more attached every day to the study of my
+profession.... I am occupied from morning to night, and as every one is
+happy when he is occupied, I enjoy myself as much as I could wish,&#8221; he
+wrote home. This period of hard work, however, was interrupted by summer
+vacations spent in the countries along the Rhine, in England and in
+Italy.</p>
+
+<p>Early in 1836, the young physician established himself in Boston.
+Perhaps it was that people thought him too much of a wit to take their
+troubles seriously, or perhaps it was that he was better fitted<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[402]</a></span> to
+teach than to practice the doctor&#8217;s art. At any rate, his success was
+very moderate. He was very glad, then, to be appointed Professor of
+Anatomy at Dartmouth College in 1838, a position that he held until
+1840. About this time, too, he received prizes for some <cite>Medical Essays</cite>
+that are even to-day regarded as valuable. Thus he was gradually fitting
+himself for the honorable office offered him in 1847, that of Professor
+of Anatomy and Physiology in the Medical School of Harvard University.
+For thirty-five years Holmes filled this position with the greatest
+success. He was given the fifth hour in the day as his lecture period
+because he was the only one able to hold the attention of students who
+had already been listening to four long and difficult lectures. He
+enlivened the dry subject with funny stories, droll comparisons and
+interesting descriptions, teaching while he entertained.</p>
+
+<p>In 1840 the young doctor had married Amelia Lee Jackson, daughter of a
+highly respected Boston family. His wife was of so gentle and tactful a
+nature that their home was always a well-ordered and pleasant place of
+rest for the busy doctor, where unwelcome visitors and other annoyances
+were not allowed to take his time. Yet he was never too much occupied to
+find pleasure in what interested his wife and his three children.</p>
+
+<p>During all these years when the profession of medicine had been of chief
+concern to him, and even before he had begun his medical studies, he had
+occasionally written poems that won a good deal of praise from friends,
+but brought no widespread notice. From his very earliest years he could
+feel<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[403]</a></span> very keenly and remember the melody of verse. &#8220;The low, soft chirp
+of the little bird heard in the nest, while his mother is brooding over
+him,&#8221; he has written, &#8220;lives in his memory, I doubt not, through all the
+noisy carols of the singing season; so I remember the little songs my
+mother sang to me when I was old enough to run about, and had not
+outgrown the rhymes of the nursery.&#8221; He enjoyed writing poems for the
+yearly meetings held by his college class long after their graduation,
+and he made several contributions to the Harvard <cite>Collegian</cite>. Just once
+in these early years had his fame traveled far, and that was the
+occasion when he wrote <cite>Old Ironsides</cite>. The frigate <cite>Constitution</cite> that
+had served the country so well was to be done away with as a useless
+vessel. Learning of this, Holmes penned in haste the stanzas that
+stirred the nation&#8217;s feelings and saved the old boat from destruction.</p>
+
+<p>It came, then, as a surprise to the American people, when upon the
+founding of the <cite>Atlantic Monthly</cite> in 1857, the name of Holmes was
+signed to the articles that probably were most popular of all published
+in that magazine, to which the greatest literary men in the country were
+contributing. <cite>The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table</cite>, was the title of
+the delightful series of humorous essays in which the author seemed
+really to be talking to his readers. A sort of story bound the numbers
+together. In the fourth issue appeared, perhaps, the best poem written
+by Holmes&mdash;<cite>The Chambered Nautilus</cite>. This was a favorite with him and
+was one of those poems of which he said: &#8220;I did not write it, but it was
+written through me,&#8221; for he believed it to be a work of inspiration.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[404]</a></span><cite>The Autocrat</cite>, which is Holmes&#8217; greatest work, was followed by two
+similar but inferior series, <cite>The Professor at the Breakfast Table</cite> and
+<cite>The Poet at the Breakfast Table</cite>. Between the last two series he had
+published in 1861 his novel <cite>Elsie Venner</cite>, followed in 1867 by <cite>The
+Guardian Angel</cite>, and in 1885 by <cite>A Mortal Antipathy</cite>. The first of these
+novels is considerably the best, but none of them ranks high, for they
+all deal with unusual people who because of weird inherited traits of
+mind are forced to go through strange if not impossible experiences.</p>
+
+<p>Still another kind of writing was attempted by Holmes. In 1878 he
+completed a biography of his intimate friend, the historian Motley, and
+in 1884 wrote a life of Emerson. These are not, however, among his best
+productions. <cite>Over the Teacups</cite>, similar to the <cite>Breakfast Table</cite>
+papers, appeared in 1890, and was his last important work.</p>
+
+<p>In 1886, accompanied by his daughter, he spent four months in Europe,
+chiefly in England. The warm welcome and high honor given him by the
+English people were very gratifying to the aged professor. He was always
+at his best when talking, and so brilliant and easy was his wit that had
+not politeness forbidden he could have entertained a roomful of people
+during a whole evening. This fact as well as his literary achievements
+made him popular everywhere.</p>
+
+<p>On the occasion when he received a degree of honor from Cambridge
+University, the young collegemen greeted him by singing at the tops of
+their voices a song of &#8220;Holmes, sweet Holmes;&#8221; and on a similar occasion
+at Oxford one of the students,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[405]</a></span> making good use of the title of a poem
+especially known to Holmes&#8217; young readers, asked from the gallery
+whether the Doctor had come in the &#8220;One-Hoss Shay.&#8221; It is likely that
+the worthy old gentleman was quite as pleased with this hearty good will
+as with the more dignified tributes received during his memorable visit.</p>
+
+<p>After 1890, Holmes wrote only occasionally. Yet he continued to take his
+usual walks and to answer a part of his large correspondence, leaving
+the rest to a secretary. Now and then he would go to a concert or to a
+dinner among friends, and in other ways he showed himself remarkably
+active. In fact, he had not become feeble in mind or body when death
+quietly came to him, October 7th, 1894.</p>
+
+<p>Though the brightness of his wit makes Holmes one of the most
+entertaining of writers it is his deep kindness that gives to what he
+has written an even greater power and attractiveness. More than all
+else, he tried both in his writings and in his everyday living to drive
+away the shadows of all kinds of suffering, and to share with others the
+cheerfulness of his own genial nature.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Long be it ere the table shall be set<br />
+For the last breakfast of the Autocrat,<br />
+And love repeat with smiles and tears thereat<br />
+His own sweet songs that time shall not forget.&#8221;<a name="Anchor_405-1" id="Anchor_405-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 405-1" href="#Footnote_405-1" class="fnanchor">405-1</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_405-1" id="Footnote_405-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_405-1" class="label">405-1</a> Whittier&#8217;s ode on the eightieth birthday of Holmes.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[406]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_CUBES_OF_TRUTH" id="THE_CUBES_OF_TRUTH"></a>THE CUBES OF TRUTH</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Oliver Wendell Holmes</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapl"><span class="hide">L</span></span><span class="upper">isten</span>, Benjamin Franklin.<a name="Anchor_406-1" id="Anchor_406-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 406-1" href="#Footnote_406-1" class="fnanchor">406-1</a> This is for you, and such others of
+tender age as you may tell it to.</p>
+
+<p>When we are as yet small children, long before the time when those two
+grown ladies offer us the choice of Hercules,<a name="Anchor_406-2" id="Anchor_406-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 406-2" href="#Footnote_406-2" class="fnanchor">406-2</a> there comes up to
+us a youthful angel, holding in his right hand cubes like dice, and in
+his left spheres like marbles. The cubes are of stainless ivory, and on
+each is written in letters of gold&mdash;<span class="smcap">Truth</span>. The spheres are veined and
+streaked and spotted beneath, with a dark crimson flush above where the
+light falls on them and in a certain aspect you can make out upon every
+one of them the three letters, L, I, E.</p>
+
+<p>The child to whom they are offered very probably clutches at both. The
+spheres are the most<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[407]</a></span> convenient things in the world; they roll with the
+least possible impulse just where the child would have them. The cubes
+will not roll at all; they have a great talent for standing still, and
+always keep right side up. But very soon the young philosopher finds
+that things which roll so easily are very apt to roll into the wrong
+corner, and to get out of his way when he most wants them, while he
+always knows where to find the others, which stay where they are left.</p>
+
+<p>Thus he learns&mdash;thus we learn&mdash;to drop the streaked and speckled globes
+of falsehood, and to hold fast the white angular blocks of truth. But
+then comes Timidity, and after her <a name="corr12" id="corr12"></a>Good-nature, and last of all
+Polite-behaviour, all insisting that truth must <em>roll</em>, or nobody can do
+anything with it; and so the first with her coarse rasp, and the second
+with her broad file, and the third with her silken sleeve, do so round
+off and smooth and polish the snow-white cubes of truth, that, when they
+have got a little dingy by use, it becomes hard to tell them from the
+rolling spheres of falsehood.</p>
+
+<p>The schoolmistress<a name="Anchor_407-3" id="Anchor_407-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 407-3" href="#Footnote_407-3" class="fnanchor">407-3</a> was polite enough to say that she was pleased
+with this, and that she would read it to her little flock the next day.
+But she should tell the children, she said, that there were better
+reasons for truth than could be found in mere experience of its
+convenience, and the inconvenience of lying.</p>
+
+<p>Yes&mdash;I said&mdash;but education always begins through the senses, and works
+up to the idea of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[408]</a></span> absolute right and wrong. The first thing the child
+has to learn about this matter is, that lying is
+unprofitable&mdash;afterwards, that it is against the peace and dignity of
+the universe.</p>
+
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p class="afterstory">1. What does the stainless ivory in the cubes indicate?</p>
+
+<p>2. What is the meaning of the veins, streaks, and spots and the
+dark crimson flush in the spheres?</p>
+
+<p>3. Are the letters L, I, E, always visible? Does this mean that
+lies are not always known to be lies to the person who tells them,
+or that they may deceive the person to whom they are told?</p>
+
+<p>4. Does Dr. Holmes mean to imply that it is natural for a little
+child to lie when he says that the spheres are the most convenient
+things in the world?</p>
+
+<p>5. What does Dr. Holmes mean when he says that the spheres are apt
+to roll into the wrong corner?</p>
+
+<p>6. How does Timidity teach a child to lie? How does Good-nature
+lead him to lie? What are some of the &#8220;polite lies&#8221; that help to
+make the cubes roll?</p>
+
+<p>7. Which cuts most deeply a substance upon which it is rubbed&mdash;a
+rasp, a file, or a silken sleeve?</p>
+
+<p>8. Which causes the most lies, Timidity, Good-nature or
+Polite-behavior?</p>
+
+<p>9. Do you think the schoolmistress is right? If so, what better
+reasons are there for telling the truth than mere convenience and
+the inconvenience of lying?</p>
+
+<p>10. What do you understand by &#8220;against the peace and dignity of the
+universe?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>11. Do you think the schoolmistress would agree with the Autocrat
+in his last statement as to the way in which children are taught
+the difference between right and wrong?</p>
+
+<p>12. Do you think if a child is first taught that lying is
+unprofitable he will without further assistance learn that lying is
+wrong in itself?</p>
+
+<p>13. Do you gain from the whole selection the idea that all lies,
+even the polite lies of society and the common and apparently
+harmless lies of business life, are always and wholly wrong?</p></div>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_406-1" id="Footnote_406-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_406-1" class="label">406-1</a> <cite>The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table</cite> is the most
+famous and the best of the prose works of Oliver Wendell Holmes. It
+consists of a series of rambling talks on a great variety of subjects,
+addressed to the people who sit at his table in a boarding house. Holmes
+himself is the &#8220;Autocrat,&#8221; and his sparkling talks are full of wit and
+wisdom. Among those who regularly sit at the Autocrat&#8217;s table is a
+schoolboy, whom he calls Benjamin Franklin, and to whom he tells this
+beautiful story of the Cubes of Truth.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_406-2" id="Footnote_406-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_406-2" class="label">406-2</a> When the old Greek hero, Hercules, was a youth, and
+nearing manhood, two women appeared to him, both offering beautiful
+gifts. One of the women was Duty, the other Pleasure. Hercules chose to
+accept the gifts of Duty and to follow her. The opportunity to make this
+choice did not come till he was old enough to understand. In Holmes&#8217;
+beautiful allegory the cubes and spheres are presented long before that
+time, even in early childhood.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_407-3" id="Footnote_407-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_407-3" class="label">407-3</a> The schoolmistress is one of the most lovable of the
+characters introduced by Mr. Holmes into <cite>The Autocrat of the Breakfast
+Table</cite>. At first she appears only at intervals, but in the book her love
+story and her marriage to the Autocrat afford the chief interest.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[409]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="THE_LOST_CHILD" id="THE_LOST_CHILD"></a>THE LOST CHILD</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">James Russell Lowell</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">I</span> <span class="upper">wandered</span> down the sunny glade<br />
+<span class="i1">And ever mused, my love, of thee;</span><br />
+My thoughts, like little children, played,<br />
+<span class="i1">As gayly and as guilelessly.</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 237px;">
+<a name="image57" id="image57"></a><a href="images/image57-full.png"><img src="images/image57.png" width="237" height="281" alt="A child in a sunny clearing in the woods" title="DOWN THE SUNNY GLADE" /></a>
+<span class="caption">DOWN THE SUNNY GLADE</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[410]</a></span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">If any chanced to go astray,<br />
+<span class="i1">Moaning in fear of coming harms,</span><br />
+Hope brought the wanderer back alway,<br />
+<span class="i1">Safe nestled in her snowy arms.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">From that soft nest the happy one<br />
+<span class="i1">Looked up at me and calmly smiled;</span><br />
+Its hair shone golden in the sun,<br />
+<span class="i1">And made it seem a heavenly child.</span></p>
+
+<p class="poem">Dear Hope&#8217;s blue eyes smiled mildly down.<br />
+<span class="i1">And blest it with a love so deep,</span><br />
+That, like a nursling of her own,<br />
+<span class="i1">It clasped her neck and fell asleep.</span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 109px;">
+<img src="images/image58.png" width="109" height="110" alt="Mother cradling child in her arms, inside a circle" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[411]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="JAMES_RUSSELL_LOWELL" id="JAMES_RUSSELL_LOWELL"></a>JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Grace E. Sellon</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapd"><span class="hide">D</span></span><span class="upper">own</span> the street, about a mile from the center of Cambridge,
+Massachusetts, stands a square, three-story colonial dwelling house,
+sheltered by pines and great English elms and surrounded by flowering
+shrubs. In this home, for many years known as Elmwood, the great
+American poet and essayist was born February 22, 1819, and it was here
+that he lived during the greater part of his life. In the woods and
+meadows that lay about Elmwood in the poet&#8217;s childhood he spent much
+time, for he liked especially to be out-of-doors; and so it was that in
+his earliest years he began to feel the great love for flowers, birds
+and trees that made him able in later life to show to the readers of his
+poems how much beauty there is in the very commonest things of nature.</p>
+
+<p>However, all of the things he liked were not out-of-doors. In his
+father&#8217;s library were more than three thousand books, and he began when
+only a small boy to choose for himself favorite authors. He seems to
+have been unusually fond of books, for in a little note written when he
+was eight years old,&mdash;his first letter, so far as any one knows,&mdash;he
+tells his brother, &#8220;I read French stories,&#8221; and adds in a postscript, &#8220;I
+have got three books.&#8221; The next year, in a letter to the same brother he
+writes, &#8220;I have got quite a library.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[412]</a></span>After learning his letters and other simple things at an elementary
+school, Lowell was sent when about nine years old to a higher school,
+where he was thoroughly taught Latin, and otherwise prepared for his
+entrance into Harvard College in 1834. He was then only fifteen years of
+age, yet he had such decided tastes in his studies that he was not
+always willing to give attention to the work required in his college
+courses, but would follow his own inclinations in his reading. The
+result was, that though he gained such a reputation among his
+class-mates for appreciation of literature and ability in original
+composition that he was made one of the editors of <cite>Harvardiana</cite>, the
+college paper, and was chosen in his senior year to write the class
+poem, yet he was looked upon with growing disapproval by his
+instructors, because of his irregular ways. At length, it is told, he
+completely disgraced himself, on the day he was chosen class poet, by
+rising at the close of the evening prayer service and bowing solemnly to
+right and left. As punishment for this and all preceding misconduct, he
+was sent to Concord to continue his studies under a private teacher, and
+was not allowed to return to Harvard until after classday. Nevertheless,
+he wrote his poem and later had it printed, for his friends, in a little
+pamphlet.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 297px;">
+<a name="image59" id="image59"></a><a href="images/image59-full.jpg"><img src="images/image59.jpg" width="297" height="400" alt="Portrait of James Russell Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell 1819-1891" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">James Russell Lowell<br />1819-1891</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>After receiving his degree from Harvard in 1838, Lowell decided upon the
+law as the profession most suitable for him to follow, for at that time
+a literary career in the United States held out no assurance of a
+living, even to the best writers. In the preceding year he had written
+to his intimate friend Shackford: &#8220;I thought your brother Charles was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[413]</a></span>
+studying law. I intend to study that myself, and probably shall be Chief
+Justice of the United States.&#8221; This modest prediction, however, was not
+to be fulfilled, for after completing a course at the Harvard Law School
+in 1840 and practicing with but slight interest and success for two
+years, he gave up the law for a more congenial occupation.</p>
+
+<p>His letters to his confidants &#8220;Shack&#8221; and Loring during the years at
+college show his aspiration to become a poet. He reports from time to
+time his progress in verse making and comments more or less favorably on
+his &#8220;effusions.&#8221; This writing of <em>pottery</em>&mdash;as it pleased him to call
+it&mdash;continued with more serious interest after his graduation, so that
+in 1840 he was ready to publish a volume of verse entitled &#8220;A Year&#8217;s
+Life.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The same year was marked by another event of special importance,&mdash;his
+engagement to Maria White, a young woman who was herself a poet and who
+was deeply interested in all the movements of thought that were making
+toward freedom and justice before the Civil War. Her influence upon
+Lowell was to strengthen greatly his confidence in his own best powers
+as a man and a poet and to help develop in him the broad, kind
+democratic feeling for his fellow-men that most endears him to his
+readers. This growth of the poet&#8217;s character seems the more remarkable
+when it is considered that his father, a Unitarian minister, was a man
+who, though most generous and well-meaning in his regard for others, was
+well enough content with conditions in his country to feel little
+sympathy with the reforms then being urged for securing fuller liberty
+and equality. In his new enthusiasm Lowell<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[414]</a></span> turned away from the
+influence of his younger days and became devoted to the cause of
+abolition.</p>
+
+<p>In 1842, after abandoning the law, he founded a magazine, <cite>The Pioneer</cite>,
+which, however, was issued only three times. After this unsuccessful
+venture he went back to his poetry, and late in 1843 published a second
+volume of verse. In the following year appeared his first critical
+studies in prose, <cite>Conversations on Some of the Old Poets</cite>. This work,
+like most of the first book of poems, Lowell found in later life to be
+unworthy of reprinting.</p>
+
+<p>The income from his writings, though small, was sufficient for him to
+marry in 1844; and not long after this event he became a regular
+contributor to the <cite>Anti-Slavery Standard</cite>. In this appeared the first
+series of the <cite>Biglow Papers</cite>, in which, through vigorous prose and
+verse, largely in the Yankee dialect of Hosea Biglow, he protested
+against the evils that brought on the Mexican War. The collected numbers
+of the series were published in 1848 and shared the popularity of two
+other of Lowell&#8217;s greatest works, produced in the same year,&mdash;the <cite>Fable
+for Critics</cite> and <cite>The Vision of Sir Launfal</cite>, a beautiful narrative poem
+filled with the spirit of Christian brotherhood.</p>
+
+<p>It was not long after this that Lowell began to feel that his work as a
+writer for the abolitionist cause was narrowing in its effect. For
+&#8220;red-hot&#8221; reform he had no liking. It seemed to him that the hope of his
+cause lay not so much in treating others harshly as in living according
+to the high principles that the reformers professed. &#8220;The longer I
+live,&#8221; he wrote, &#8220;the more am I convinced that the world must be healed
+by degrees. I see<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[415]</a></span> why Jesus came eating meat and drinking wine and
+companying with publicans and sinners. He preached the highest doctrine,
+but he lived the life of other men.... Let us sow the best seed we have
+... and convert other men by our crops, not by drubbing them with our
+hoes or putting them under our harrows.&#8221; He decided, then, to take life
+in a more leisurely way and let the poetic power that he considered his
+best gift express itself freely.</p>
+
+<p>In 1851, accompanied by his wife and his two children, Lowell visited
+Europe. The months spent abroad gave him much wished-for opportunities
+for study and observation, but they were darkened by the death of his
+son Walter. Close upon this sorrow came the death of Mrs. Lowell in the
+following year (1853), after the return of the family to Elmwood. From
+that time for many months the poet could find relief from his keen sense
+of loss only in his literary work, and in the companionship of his
+daughter Mabel, the only one of his four children who had lived.</p>
+
+<p>Some lectures on the English poets given at the Lowell institute in
+1854-55 found so much favor with the authorities at Harvard College that
+soon afterward he was appointed to succeed Longfellow as professor of
+foreign languages and literatures. After a period of study in Europe, he
+assumed charge of classes at Harvard in 1856, and for sixteen years
+continued in this work, bringing to it with most remarkable success all
+the warmth and sincerity and broad scope of his own interest in the
+subjects that he taught. Not many months afterward he was still further
+honored by being given<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[416]</a></span> the editorship of the newly founded <cite>Atlantic
+Monthly</cite>, a position that he held until 1861. The year 1857 was made
+memorable also by his marriage to Miss Frances Dunlap, a much-valued
+friend and the governess of his daughter. In 1864 he became joint editor
+of the <cite>North American Review</cite>, and in this magazine continued the
+second series of the <cite>Biglow Papers</cite>, begun in the <cite>Atlantic Monthly</cite>,
+the series in which is expressed his finest power as a poet-patriot. Of
+the same excellence is the famous <cite>Commemoration Ode</cite> written for
+memorial ceremonies held at Harvard College in honor of the students who
+had fallen during the war. Among other contributions to these
+periodicals were numerous studies of poets and poetry&mdash;essays that rank
+among the best of their kind. Thus did Lowell prove himself to possess a
+rare combination of the powers of original composition and of criticism.</p>
+
+<p>So ably had he served the best interests of his country through his
+writings, that in 1877 he was appointed Minister of the United States to
+Spain, and served here until 1880, when he was sent as Minister to
+England. These high trusts, it proved, had not been wrongly placed.
+Lowell&#8217;s devotion to the truest American principles, together with his
+large experience in public affairs, made him a most successful diplomat.
+He was given high honors by British universities, and he made many
+friends in England.</p>
+
+<p>After his return to America in 1885 he withdrew gradually from his
+former active life. Occasionally he wrote and lectured, and several
+times he made trips to England where he always received a cordial<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_417" id="Page_417">[417]</a></span>
+welcome. It was in his much loved Elmwood that death came to him August
+12, 1891.</p>
+
+<p>Lowell was a man of wide learning, and has a prominent place in American
+literature for his exceptional critical ability and delightful wit, and
+for the artistic excellence of both his prose and poetry; but the secret
+of his power lies not so much in these things as in the sincerity and
+vigor of thought that rise above all bookishness, and in the warm human
+feeling that reached out for the love of his fellow-men rather than for
+fame and distinction. Probably that which most endears him to his
+countrymen is the quality he attributes to others in these words of
+admiration: &#8220;I am sure that both the President (Hayes) and his wife have
+in them that excellent new thing we call Americanism, which, I suppose,
+is that &#8216;dignity of human nature&#8217; which the philosophers of the last
+century were always seeking and never finding, and which, after all,
+consists, perhaps, in not thinking yourself either better or worse than
+your neighbors by reason of any artificial distinction. As I sat behind
+them at the concert the other night, I was <a name="corr13" id="corr13"></a>profoundly touched by
+the feelings of this kingship without mantle and crown from the
+property-room of the old world. Their dignity was in their very
+neighborliness, instead of in their distance.&#8221; Certainly in the realm of
+American literature, there is no one better entitled than Lowell to this
+&#8220;kingship without mantle and crown.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_418" id="Page_418">[418]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="A_CHILDS_THOUGHT_OF_GOD" id="A_CHILDS_THOUGHT_OF_GOD"></a>A CHILD&#8217;S THOUGHT OF GOD</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap">Elizabeth Barrett Browning</span></p>
+
+
+<p class="poemopening"><span class="dropcap">T</span><span class="upper">hey</span> say that God lives very high,<br />
+<span class="i1">But if you look above the pines</span><br />
+You cannot see our God, and why?</p>
+
+<p class="poem">And if you dig down in the mines<br />
+<span class="i1">You never see Him in the gold;</span><br />
+Though, from Him, all that&#8217;s glory shines.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">God is so good, He wears a fold<br />
+<span class="i1">Of heaven and earth across His face&mdash;</span><br />
+Like secrets kept, for love, untold.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">But still I feel that His embrace<br />
+<span class="i1">Slides down by thrills, through all things made,</span><br />
+Through sight and sound of every place.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">As if my tender mother laid<br />
+<span class="i1">On my shut lids, her kisses&#8217; pressure,</span><br />
+Half-waking me at night, and said,<br />
+<span class="i1">&#8220;Who kissed you through the dark, dear guesser?&#8221;</span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_419" id="Page_419">[419]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="story"><a name="ELIZABETH_BARRETT_BROWNING" id="ELIZABETH_BARRETT_BROWNING"></a>ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING</h2>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapr"><span class="hide">R</span></span><span class="upper">ound</span> the young life of Elizabeth Barrett was so much of illness and
+dreariness, that we have accustomed ourselves to thinking joy came to
+her only with her marriage, and we forget, often, that her childhood was
+not unhappy. Few children, it would seem, were ever born with greater
+promise of a bright life. Her father was wealthy and generous; she had
+brothers and sisters near her in age and congenial in tastes, and she
+was, at least, a fairly strong, active child.</p>
+
+<p>She was born on March 6, 1806, at Coxhoe Hall, in the county of Durham,
+and when she was but three years old, her father removed to Hope End, in
+Herefordshire. The estate which he purchased there was a beautiful one,
+and the house, with its Turkish windows and Oriental-looking
+decorations, was most picturesque. That the scenery which surrounded her
+in her youth made on Elizabeth an impression which remained with her all
+her life is shown clearly in various passages in her poems:</p>
+
+<p class="poem"><span class="i2">&#8220;Green the land is where my daily</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Steps in jocund childhood played,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Dimpled close with hill and valley,</span><br />
+<span class="i2">Dappled very close with shade;</span><br />
+Summer-snow of apple-blossoms running up from glade to glade.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_420" id="Page_420">[420]</a></span>Of all the brothers and sisters, Elizabeth was her father&#8217;s favorite,
+and he encouraged her constantly in her precocious studies and in her
+childish attempts at composition. Long before she was able to read Homer
+in the original, she came upon Pope&#8217;s translation of the <cite>Iliad</cite>, and it
+took a rare hold upon her. She showed its influence and her own bent
+toward poetry by composing, before she was fourteen, an epic on the
+&#8220;Battle of Marathon,&#8221; of which her father, to whom it was dedicated,
+thought so highly that he had it printed and circulated it among his
+friends. But she also showed the influence of her beloved <cite>Iliad</cite> in a
+much more childish way, of which she has written delightfully in a poem
+called <cite>Hector in the Garden</cite>. A great flower bed, roughly shaped like a
+man and bordered about with turf, was made for her, and this she named
+after Hector, the Trojan hero and her great favorite.</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Eyes of gentianellas azure,<br />
+Staring, winking at the skies;<br />
+Nose of gillyflowers and box;<br />
+Scented grasses put for locks,<br />
+Which a little breeze at pleasure<br />
+Set a-waving round his eyes.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;Brazen helm of daffodillies,<br />
+With a glitter toward the light;<br />
+Purple violets for the mouth,<br />
+Breathing perfumes west and south;<br />
+And a sword of flashing lilies,<br />
+Holden ready for the <a name="corr14" id="corr14"></a>fight.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;And a breastplate made of daisies,<br />
+Closely fitting, leaf on leaf;<br />
+Periwinkles interlaced<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_421" id="Page_421">[421]</a></span>Drawn for belt about the waist;<br />
+While the brown bees, humming praises,<br />
+Shot their arrows round the chief.&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 297px;">
+<a name="image60" id="image60"></a><a href="images/image60-full.jpg"><img src="images/image60.jpg" width="297" height="400" alt="Portrait of Elizabeth Barrett Browning" title="Elizabeth Barrett Browning 1806-1861" /></a>
+<span class="caption smcap">Elizabeth Barrett Browning<br />1806-1861</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>It was natural enough that Elizabeth should have wanted to begin the
+study of Greek; and with the help of her father and of Mr. Boyd, a blind
+friend of her father&#8217;s, she became a most proficient Greek scholar.</p>
+
+<p>When she was fifteen years old she met with an accident which deprived
+her in part of the out-of-door life and rambles which she had loved, and
+threw her more than ever upon her books for company. Impatient because a
+horse which she desired to ride was not ready just when she wanted it,
+she went out into the field and attempted to saddle it herself. She
+fell, with the saddle on top of her; and while this did not leave her
+the invalid she later became, it weakened her and made her an easy prey
+to the troubles which afterward came upon her.</p>
+
+<p>That Pope, as well as Homer, left his mark on Miss Barrett was shown by
+her first published volume, which was brought out when she was about
+twenty. It was entitled <cite>An Essay on Mind, and Other Poems</cite>, and the
+poem which gave its name to the book was quite after the manner of Pope.
+This poem, while remarkable for a girl of Miss Barrett&#8217;s age, contained
+little freshness or originality, and she spoke of it afterwards as
+having been &#8220;long repented of as worthy of all repentance.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>In 1828 Mrs. Barrett died, and left Elizabeth, the eldest of the ten
+children, with much of the responsibility of the family. Since her death
+came before her daughter reached fame or began that voluminous
+correspondence from which have been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_422" id="Page_422">[422]</a></span> gathered most of the facts of her
+life, little can be known of the mother&#8217;s character, or of her influence
+on her daughter. That Miss Barrett was devotedly attached to her mother,
+however, is to be seen from a sentence in one of her letters. &#8220;Her
+memory,&#8221; she says, &#8220;is more precious to me than any earthly blessing
+left behind!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The beloved home at Hope End was sold in 1832, owing, apparently to some
+fall in the family fortunes, and the Barretts removed to Sidmouth, in
+Devonshire. The life there was uneventful, as the life at Hope End had
+been. Miss Barrett, in writing later of herself, declared that &#8220;a bird
+in a cage would have as good a story.&#8221; But she was by no means idle, for
+her Greek studies and her writing kept her busy and happy. While at
+Sidmouth, she brought out a translation of the <cite>Prometheus Bound</cite> of
+&AElig;schylus, a version with which she was so dissatisfied that she later
+replaced it, in her collected works, with another.</p>
+
+<p>For three years the Barretts lived at Sidmouth, and their removal to
+London, in 1835, made important changes in Elizabeth&#8217;s life. Her health,
+never good since her fifteenth year, broke down, and from some date
+shortly after the arrival in London she became an apparently hopeless
+invalid, confined to her room and often to her bed. Some compensation
+for this confinement, however, she found in the new friends, few,
+indeed, but devoted and congenial, who were admitted to her sick room.
+Chief among these friends of her earlier London years were John Kenyon,
+a distant cousin, and Mary Russell Mitford, author of <cite>Our Village</cite>.
+Miss Mitford made the acquaintance of Miss Barrett<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_423" id="Page_423">[423]</a></span> in one of the
+latter&#8217;s rare appearances in society, and she has left an account of the
+meeting and a description of Miss Barrett which is famous.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;She was certainly one of the most interesting persons that I had ever
+seen. Everybody who then saw her said the same; so that it is not merely
+the impression of my partiality or my enthusiasm. Of a slight, delicate
+figure, with a shower of dark curls falling on either side of a most
+expressive face, large tender eyes, richly fringed by dark eyelashes, a
+smile like a sunbeam, and such a look of youthfulness that I had some
+difficulty in persuading a friend ... that the translatress of the
+<cite>Prometheus</cite> of &AElig;schylus, the authoress of the <cite>Essay on Mind</cite>, was old
+enough to be introduced into company,&mdash;in technical language, was
+&#8216;out.&#8217;&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Although Miss Mitford was nineteen years older than Miss Barrett, the
+friendship which sprang up between them was most close, and lasted until
+Miss Mitford&#8217;s death in 1855. Their correspondence was constant and
+voluminous, as was that, in fact, of Miss Barrett with all of her
+intimate friends. These letters of hers from her sick room are no more
+remarkable for number than for brightness and vivacity. Little mention
+is made of her ailments, except when her friends have specifically
+demanded news of her health, and the letters deal rather with literary
+than with other subjects. This was, of course, most natural; the invalid
+could have little news to communicate from her couch to her friends in
+the outer world. Her literary activity, too, increased, and she began to
+contribute to magazines poems of various kinds, which attracted much
+attention. Not all comment on them was favorable;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_424" id="Page_424">[424]</a></span> the people declared
+that some of them were Sphinx-like&mdash;too difficult, if not impossible, of
+interpretation. But every one realized that here was a real poet, one of
+striking individuality, and, for a woman, most remarkable learning.</p>
+
+<p>By the autumn of 1838, her health had become so much worse that the
+doctor ordered removal to a warmer climate, and she was taken to
+Torquay, where she remained for three years. Her father and her brothers
+and sisters visited her there from time to time, but her constant
+companion was her brother Edward, who had all her life been her
+favorite. What little good Torquay seemed to be doing her was more than
+overbalanced by a tragedy which occurred in the summer of 1840. Her
+brother, with two of his friends, went for a sail in a small boat,
+intending to be absent only until evening. When they did not return,
+inquiry was set on foot, and it was learned that a small boat had been
+seen to founder in Babbicombe Bay. The fears caused by this report
+became certainty three days later, on the recovery of the bodies. The
+effect on Miss Barrett may be partially imagined. Not only had she lost
+her best-loved companion, but she was haunted by the morbid feeling that
+she had caused his death, since he had come to Torquay only to be with
+her. Twelve years afterward she wrote: &#8220;I have lived heart to heart with
+my husband these five years. I have never yet spoken out, in a whisper
+even, what is in me; never yet could find heart or breath; never yet
+could bear to hear a word of reference from his lips.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Naturally her health suffered greatly from the shock, and it was thought
+that she could not possibly<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_425" id="Page_425">[425]</a></span> live more than a few months. Quite
+unexpectedly, however, she began to improve; it seemed that the desire
+to quit Torquay, which had grown unendurable to her since the tragedy,
+gave her strength of body. During the spring and summer of 1841 she was
+able to resume work on translations, compositions, plans for new poems.
+Indeed, it was this which saved her, for she wrote some time later to a
+friend&mdash;&#8220;I do believe I should be <em>mad</em> at this moment, if I had not
+forced back the current of rushing recollections by work, work, work.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>After her return to London in the autumn of 1841, her life went on as
+before&mdash;or rather, stood still as before. From her couch she continued
+to send forth the poems which were bringing her ever-increasing fame,
+and the letters which were binding her friends closer to her. But an
+event was drawing nearer, which was from the first an event and not an
+episode in Miss Barrett&#8217;s life. In January, 1845, we find her writing
+&#8220;And I had a letter from Browning the poet last night, which threw me
+into ecstasies&mdash;Browning, the author of <cite>Paracelsus</cite>, and the king of
+mystics;&#8221; and a little later she says, &#8220;I am getting deeper and deeper
+into correspondence with Robert Browning, poet and mystic, and we are
+growing to be the truest friends.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Robert Browning had felt and expressed great admiration for Miss
+Barrett&#8217;s poems and an allusion to himself in her <cite>Lady Geraldine&#8217;s
+Courtship</cite> gave him an excuse for addressing her. Their correspondence
+flourished, and they rapidly passed from regarding each other as mere
+acquaintances, to looking upon each other as friends. In fact,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_426" id="Page_426">[426]</a></span> there
+seems to have been from the very first an almost mystical attraction
+between them. Miss Barrett might have contented herself all her life
+with this delightfully personal and literary correspondence, but
+Browning soon grew impatient and expressed his desire to see her. The
+admission of a new friend to Miss Barrett&#8217;s room was at no time a thing
+to be undertaken lightly, so hedged about was she by the care of her
+family; and in this case she herself seems to have hesitated long before
+allowing Browning to call, for the very feminine reason that &#8220;there is
+nothing to see in me nor to hear in me.&#8221; Had she known Browning better,
+she would have realized that his determination would carry him past all
+obstacles; and so, indeed, it did.</p>
+
+<p>On May 20, 1845, they met for the first time, and within a short time
+his friendship for her had ripened into love, and he asked her to marry
+him. She herself told, in a letter to a friend after her marriage, the
+story of her courtship.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;He came, and with our personal acquaintance began his attachment for
+me, a sort of <em>infatuation</em> call it, which resisted the various denials
+which were my plain duty at the beginning, and has persisted past them
+all. I began with the grave assurance that I was in an exceptional
+position and saw him just in consequence of it, and that if he ever
+recurred to that subject again, I never could see him again while I
+lived; and he believed me and was silent. To my mind, indeed, it was a
+bare impulse&mdash;a generous man of quick sympathies taking up a sudden
+interest with both hands.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Browning was, as she said, silent, but he was not discouraged, and his
+letters, his visits, his flowers,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_427" id="Page_427">[427]</a></span> at length convinced Miss Barrett that
+his feeling was something more than a &#8220;bare impulse.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So then,&#8221; she continued, &#8220;I showed him how he was throwing into the
+ashes his best affections&mdash;how the common gifts of youth and
+cheerfulness were behind me&mdash;how I had not strength, even of <em>heart</em>,
+for the ordinary duties of life&mdash;everything I told him and showed him.
+&#8216;Look at this&mdash;and this&mdash;and this,&#8217; throwing down all my disadvantages.
+To which he did not answer by a single compliment, but simply that he
+had not then to choose, and that I might be right or he might be right,
+he was not there to decide; but that he loved me, and should to his last
+hour.*&nbsp;*&nbsp;* He preferred, he said, of free and deliberate choice, to be
+allowed to sit only an hour a day by my side, to the fulfilment of the
+brightest dream which should exclude me, in any possible world.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>What Robert Browning wanted so much, it was a foregone conclusion that
+he would have; and Miss Barrett was at last brought to consent to an
+engagement. But the difficulties were just begun. Mr. Barrett, adored as
+he was by his daughter, was more than a little tyrannical, especially
+with his favorite daughter. His family all well knew that he would never
+under any circumstances be brought to consent to the marriage of any of
+his children; and he had, moreover, in the case of Elizabeth, the
+appearance of reason on his side, in that she was, in the opinion of her
+family and of most of her medical advisers, a hopeless invalid, unfit to
+be moved. &#8220;A life passed between a bed and a sofa, and avoiding too
+frequent and abrupt transitions even from one to the other, was the only
+life she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_428" id="Page_428">[428]</a></span> could expect on this earth.&#8221; Browning believed otherwise, and
+events showed that he was right.</p>
+
+<p>In the autumn of 1845, the doctors advised that Miss Barrett be taken to
+Italy, declaring, in fact, that her life depended upon it. Some of her
+brothers or sisters could easily have accompanied her; there was no lack
+of money, and the journey was actually planned. For no apparent reason,
+however, Mr. Barrett refused his consent&mdash;said that his daughter should
+not leave his house. In vain the family argued; in vain a generous
+friend offered to accompany Miss Barrett, paying all expenses. He was
+brutally firm. Much hurt by this selfishness and disregard for her life,
+Miss Barrett promised Browning that if she lived through the winter and
+were no worse in the following year, she would marry him without her
+father&#8217;s consent, for which they knew it was useless to ask.
+Accordingly, on September 12, 1846, she walked out of her father&#8217;s
+house, accompanied only by her maid, was married and returned home. One
+week later she joined her husband, and they set out for Italy, their
+future home. Mr. Barrett never forgave his daughter, and his unrelenting
+anger was a deep sorrow to her, in the midst of her great life
+happiness.</p>
+
+<p>The Brownings went first to Pisa, and from there to Florence, which they
+afterward regarded as their home, though they made many excursions and
+spent seasons elsewhere. Mrs. Browning grew so much better that a friend
+said to her, &#8220;You are not <em>improved</em>, you are <em>transformed</em>;&#8221; and while
+she was never strong and was often very ill, she never again sank back
+to the state in which she had been before her marriage. The happiness
+which shows in her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_429" id="Page_429">[429]</a></span> letters is wonderful. &#8220;As for me,&#8221; she writes, &#8220;when
+I am so good as to let myself be carried upstairs, and so angelical as
+to sit still on the sofa, and so considerate, moreover, as <em>not</em> to put
+my foot into a puddle, why <em>my</em> duty is considered done to a perfection,
+which is worthy of all adoration.&#8221; And again, &#8220;If I could open my heart
+to you in all seriousness, you would see nothing there but a sort of
+enduring wonder of happiness.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Mrs. Browning, like her husband, loved Italy, and especially Florence,
+and many of her poems, notably the <cite><span lang="it" xml:lang="it">Casa Guidi</span> Windows</cite>, deal with
+Italian subjects. Of the poems published after her marriage, however,
+none are more exquisite than the series of <cite>Sonnets from the
+Portuguese</cite>. These sonnets, which are not translations, and to which the
+name <cite>From the Portuguese</cite> was given simply as a blind, describe her
+uncertainty and her joy in the love which was hers.</p>
+
+<p>In 1849 another joy came to her. On March 9th of that year a son, Robert
+Wiedeman Barrett Browning was born, and from that time on her letters,
+quite like the letters of any unliterary mother, are full of the
+wonderful doings of this child. Not that her interest in things literary
+flagged in the least; she read everything which the libraries of Italy
+afforded, or which her friends could send to her&mdash;novels, for which she
+confessed to a great liking; poems, political pamphlets, newspapers, all
+that came to her hand. Her longest and greatest poem, <cite>Aurora Leigh</cite>,
+was written during her Italian years. While the story of the poem is in
+no sense autobiographical, the heroine is in her beliefs and her ideals
+Mrs. Browning&#8217;s self, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_430" id="Page_430">[430]</a></span> this was the poem by which she felt herself
+most willing to be judged.</p>
+
+<p>Broken by several trips to England and by excursions to the most
+beautiful parts of Italy, the years slipped by in uneventful happiness.
+Many friends visited the Brownings, and all came away wondering and
+delighted at the perfect family life they had been allowed to witness.
+Frail always, Mrs. Browning was spoken of by acquaintances in her later
+years as seeming &#8220;scarce embodied at all.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>In June, 1861, Mrs. Browning had an attack of bronchial trouble and on
+the night of the twenty-ninth, alone in the room with her husband, she
+died; and one writer says &#8220;none ever saw Browning upon earth again, but
+only a splendid surface.&#8221; Mrs. Browning was buried at Florence, the city
+she had loved. Upon the wall of <span lang="it" xml:lang="it">Casa Guidi,</span> the building in which she
+had lived, the citizens, grateful for her love and understanding of
+them, placed a marble tablet in her memory.</p>
+
+<p>The wonderful thing about Elizabeth Barrett Browning is that from her
+weakness should have come poems of such strength. There was nothing
+morbid in the words which came from her hushed, darkened sick room.
+Indeed, her spirit was never tamed, and she herself confessed that one
+of her faults was &#8220;head-longness;&#8221; that she snatched parcels open
+instead of untying the string, and tore letters instead of cutting them.
+In Browning&#8217;s poems, which contain numerous beautiful allusions to her,
+there is nothing more beautiful and more descriptive than the lines&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class="poem">&#8220;O lyric love, half angel and half bird,<br />
+And all a wonder and a wild desire.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_431" id="Page_431">[431]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 255px;">
+<a name="image61" id="image61"></a><a href="images/image61-full.png"><img src="images/image61.png" width="255" height="106" alt="Decorative chapter opening" title="" /></a>
+</div>
+
+<h2 style="font-weight: normal;" lang="es" xml:lang="es"><a name="DON_QUIXOTE" id="DON_QUIXOTE"></a>DON QUIXOTE</h2>
+
+<p class="titlepage"><em>By</em> <span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Cervantes</span></p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section">INTRODUCTORY NOTE</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapu"><span class="hide">U</span></span><span class="upper">nlike</span> many of his class, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra,</span> the greatest of
+the old Spanish writers, was born to a changeful and busy life. The year
+1547 marked his birth, and during the sixty-nine years of his life he
+was constantly in action.</p>
+
+<p>He served as a soldier in the war against the Turks, and at the Battle
+of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Lepanto,</span> where he lost the use of his left hand, and in other battles
+in which he took part, he showed great bravery and won a reputation of
+the highest kind. While returning in 1575 from Italy to Spain, he was
+captured by Algerian pirates and was sold in Algiers as a slave.
+Throughout his five years&#8217; captivity, he was constantly threatened with
+torture, but at no time did his courage fail him. Finally his widowed
+mother and his sister, helped by some of their friends, none of whom
+were by any means wealthy, succeeded in getting together sufficient
+money to ransom him, and immediately on his return to Spain he rejoined
+his old regiment.</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Cervantes</span> had written verses before the beginning of his military
+career, but had won no name<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_432" id="Page_432">[432]</a></span> for himself. By 1583, however, he seems to
+have determined to devote the rest of his life to literature, and in
+that year he again began writing verses. For a number of years he earned
+his livelihood by writing for the stage, but few of his plays survive.</p>
+
+<p>In 1605 there appeared the first part of the work which made <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Cervantes</span>
+famous, and which has kept his name before the world ever since. This
+was the inimitable <cite lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</cite>, which gives the burlesque adventures
+of the self-styled &#8220;Knight of the Rueful Countenance.&#8221; This book was not
+intended to satirize knight-errantry itself, for that had long before
+died out in Spain. What it did aim to do was to make ridiculous the
+romances of chivalry over which all Spain at the time of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Cervantes</span>
+seemed to have gone mad. How well <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Cervantes</span> succeeded in his aim may be
+known from the fact that after the appearance of his masterpiece, no new
+romance of chivalry was published in Spain.</p>
+
+<p>The hero of this great work, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> is presented as the most
+courteous and affable of gentlemen, wise on all points except those
+pertaining to chivalry. It was not only, however, the masterly drawing
+of the characters of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> and his squire, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho Panza</span>, which
+made the book popular; the inexhaustible fund of humor has made it to
+the present day a book which every one delights to read.</p>
+
+<p>The following selections from <cite lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</cite> describe some of the typical
+adventures of the gallant &#8220;Knight of the Rueful Countenance,&#8221; and will
+serve to give the reader an idea of the book.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_433" id="Page_433">[433]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section"><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">DON QUIXOTE</span> PREPARES TO SET OUT ON HIS ADVENTURES</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapi"><span class="hide">I</span></span><span class="upper">n</span> a village of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">La Mancha</span> there lived not long since one of those
+gentlemen that keep a lance in the lance-rack, an old buckler, a lean
+hack, and a greyhound for coursing. An olla<a name="Anchor_433-1" id="Anchor_433-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 433-1" href="#Footnote_433-1" class="fnanchor">433-1</a> of rather more beef
+than mutton, a salad on most nights, scraps on Saturdays, lentils on
+Fridays, and a pigeon or so extra on Sundays, made away with
+three-quarters of his income. The rest of it went in a doublet of fine
+cloth, and velvet breeches and shoes to match for holidays, while on
+week days he made a brave figure in his best homespun. He had in his
+house a housekeeper past forty, a niece under twenty, and a lad for the
+field and market-place, who used to saddle the hack as well as handle
+the bill-hook. The age of this gentlemen of ours was bordering on fifty,
+he was of a hardy habit, spare, gaunt-featured, a very early riser and a
+great sportsman. They will have it his surname was <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Quixada</span> or <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Quesada</span>
+(for here there is some difference of opinion among the authors who
+write on the subject), although from reasonable conjectures it seems
+plain that he was called <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Quixana.</span> This, however, is of but little
+importance to our tale; it will be enough not to stray a hair&#8217;s breadth
+from the truth in the telling of it.</p>
+
+<p>You must know, then, that the above-named gentleman whenever he was at
+leisure (which was mostly all the year round) gave himself up to
+read<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_434" id="Page_434">[434]</a></span>ing books of chivalry with such ardor and avidity that he almost
+entirely neglected the pursuit of his field-sports, and even the
+management of his property; and to such a pitch did his eagerness and
+infatuation go that he sold many an acre of tillage-land to buy books of
+chivalry to read, and brought home as many of them as he could get.</p>
+
+<p class="titlepage" style="letter-spacing: 0.5em;">* * * * * * * * * * *</p>
+
+<p>In short, his wits being quite gone, he hit upon the strangest notion
+that ever madman in this world hit upon, and that was that he fancied it
+was right and requisite, as well for the support of his own honor as for
+the service of his country, that he should make a knight-errant of
+himself, roaming the world over in full armor and on horseback in quest
+of adventures, and putting in practice himself all that he had read of
+as being the usual practices of knights-errant; righting every kind of
+wrong, and exposing himself to peril and danger from which, in the
+issue, he was to reap eternal renown and fame. Already the poor man saw
+himself crowned by the might of his arm Emperor of Trebizond at least;
+and so, led away by the intense enjoyment he found in these pleasant
+fancies, he set himself forthwith to put his scheme into execution.</p>
+
+<p>The first thing he did was to clean up some armor that had belonged to
+his great-grandfather, and had been for ages lying forgotten in a corner
+eaten with rust and covered with mildew. He scoured and polished it as
+best he could, but he perceived one great defect in it, that it had no
+closed helmet, nothing but a simple morion.<a name="Anchor_434-2" id="Anchor_434-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 434-2" href="#Footnote_434-2" class="fnanchor">434-2</a> This deficiency,
+how<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_435" id="Page_435">[435]</a></span>ever, his ingenuity supplied, for he contrived a kind of half-helmet
+of pasteboard which, fitted on to the morion, looked like a whole one.
+It is true that, in order to see if it was strong and fit to stand a
+cut, he drew his sword and gave it a couple of slashes, the first of
+which undid in an instant what had taken him a week to do. The ease with
+which he had knocked it to pieces disconcerted him somewhat, and to
+guard against that danger he set to work again, fixing bars of iron on
+the inside until he was satisfied with its strength; and then, not
+caring to try any more experiments with it, he passed it and adopted it
+as a helmet of the most perfect construction.</p>
+
+<p>He next proceeded to inspect his hack, which surpassed in his eyes the
+Bucephalus<a name="Anchor_435-3" id="Anchor_435-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 435-3" href="#Footnote_435-3" class="fnanchor">435-3</a> of Alexander or the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Babieca</span> of the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Cid.</span><a name="Anchor_435-4" id="Anchor_435-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 435-4" href="#Footnote_435-4" class="fnanchor">435-4</a> Four
+days were spent in thinking what name to give him, because (as he said
+to himself) it was not right that a horse belonging to a knight so
+famous, and one with such merits of his own, should be without some
+distinctive name, and he strove to adapt it so as to indicate what he
+had been before belonging to a knight-errant, and what he then was; for
+it was only reasonable that, his master taking a new character, he
+should take a new name, and that it should be a distinguished and
+full-sounding one, befitting the new order and calling he was about to
+follow. And so, after having composed, struck out, rejected, added to,
+unmade, and remade a multitude of names out of his memory and fancy, he
+decided upon calling<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_436" id="Page_436">[436]</a></span> him <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span>, a name, to his thinking, lofty,
+sonorous, and significant of his condition as a hack before he became
+what he was now, the first and foremost of all the hacks in the
+world.<a name="Anchor_436-5" id="Anchor_436-5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 436-5" href="#Footnote_436-5" class="fnanchor">436-5</a></p>
+
+<p>Having got a name for his horse so much to his taste, he was anxious to
+get one for himself, and he was eight days more pondering over this
+point, till at last he made up his mind to call himself <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span>
+whence, as has been already said, the authors of this veracious history
+have inferred that his name must have been beyond a doubt <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Quixada,</span> and
+not <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Quesada</span> as others would have it. Recollecting, however, that the
+valiant Amadis<a name="Anchor_436-6" id="Anchor_436-6"></a><a title="Go to footnote 436-6" href="#Footnote_436-6" class="fnanchor">436-6</a> was not content to call himself curtly Amadis and
+nothing more, but added the name of his kingdom and country to make it
+famous, and called himself Amadis of Gaul, he, like a good knight,
+resolved to add on the name of his, and to style himself <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> of
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">La Mancha</span>, whereby, he considered, he described accurately his origin
+and country, and did honor to it in taking his surname from it.</p>
+
+<p>So then, his armor being furbished, his morion turned into a helmet, his
+hack christened, and he himself confirmed, he came to the conclusion
+that nothing more was needed now but to look out for a lady to be in
+love with; for a knight-errant without love was like a tree without
+leaves or fruit, or a body without a soul. As he said to himself, &#8220;If,
+for my sins, or by my good fortune, I come across<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_437" id="Page_437">[437]</a></span> some giant
+hereabouts, a common occurrence with knights-errant, and overthrow him
+in one onslaught, or cleave him asunder to the waist, or, in short,
+vanquish and subdue him, will it not be well to have some one I may send
+him to as a present, that he may come in and fall on his knees before my
+sweet lady, and in a humble, submissive voice say, &#8216;I am the giant
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Caraculiambro,</span> lord of the island of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Malindrania,</span> vanquished in single
+combat by the never sufficiently extolled knight <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">La
+Mancha,</span> who has commanded me to present myself before your Grace, that
+your Highness dispose of me at your pleasure&#8217;?&#8221; Oh, how our good
+gentleman enjoyed the delivery of this speech, especially when he had
+thought of some one to call his Lady! There was, so the story goes, in a
+village near his own a very good-looking farm girl with whom he had been
+at one time in love, though, so far as is known, she never knew it nor
+gave a thought to the matter. Her name was <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Aldonza Lorenzo,</span> and upon her
+he thought fit to confer the title of Lady of his Thoughts; and after
+some search for a name which should not be out of harmony with his own,
+and should suggest and indicate that of a princess and great lady, he
+decided upon calling her <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea del Toboso</span>&mdash;she being of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">El Toboso</span>&mdash;a
+name, to his mind, musical, uncommon, and significant, like all those he
+had already bestowed upon himself and the things belonging to him.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_438" id="Page_438">[438]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="section">THE ADVENTURE OF THE WINDMILLS</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapu"><span class="hide">U</span></span><span class="upper">pon</span> the plain they came in sight of thirty or forty windmills, and as
+soon as <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> saw them he said to his squire, &#8220;Fortune is
+arranging matters for us better than we could have shaped our desires
+ourselves, for look there, friend <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho Panza</span>,<a name="Anchor_438-1" id="Anchor_438-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 438-1" href="#Footnote_438-1" class="fnanchor">438-1</a> where thirty or
+more monstrous giants present themselves, all of whom I mean to engage
+in battle and slay, and with whose spoils we shall begin to make our
+fortunes; for this is righteous warfare, and it is God&#8217;s good service to
+sweep so evil a breed from off the face of the earth.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What giants?&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho Panza</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Those thou seest there,&#8221; answered his master, &#8220;with the long arms, and
+some have them nearly two leagues long.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Look, your worship,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;what we see there are not giants but
+windmills, and what seem to be their arms are the sails that turned by
+the wind make the millstone go.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;It is easy to see,&#8221; replied <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;that thou art not used to
+this business of adventures: those are giants; and if thou art afraid,
+away with thee out of this and betake thyself to prayer while I engage
+them in fierce and unequal combat.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_439" id="Page_439">[439]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image62" id="image62"></a><a href="images/image62-full.png"><img src="images/image62.png" width="252" height="309" alt="Don Quixote falling off his horse after striking the windmill with his lance" title="DON QUIXOTE TILTS WITH THE WIND MILLS" /></a>
+<span class="caption"><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">DON QUIXOTE</span> TILTS WITH THE WIND MILLS</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>So saying, he gave the spur to his steed <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span>, heedless of the
+cries his squire <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> sent after him, warning him that most certainly
+they were windmills and not giants he was going to attack. He, however,
+was so positive they were giants that he neither heard the cries of
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, nor perceived, near as he was, what they were, but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_440" id="Page_440">[440]</a></span> made at them
+shouting, &#8220;Fly not, cowards and vile beings, for it is a single knight
+that attacks you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>A slight breeze at this moment sprang up, and the great sails began to
+move, seeing which <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> exclaimed, &#8220;Though ye flourish more arms
+than the giant Briareus,<a name="Anchor_440-2" id="Anchor_440-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 440-2" href="#Footnote_440-2" class="fnanchor">440-2</a> ye have to reckon with me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So saying, and commending himself with all his heart to his lady
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea</span>, imploring her to support him in such a peril, with lance in
+rest and covered by his buckler, he charged at <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante&#8217;s</span> fullest
+gallop and fell upon the first mill that stood in front of him; but as
+he drove his lance-point into the sail the wind whirled it round with
+such force that it shivered the lance to pieces, sweeping with it horse
+and rider, who went rolling over on the plain, in a sorry condition.
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> hastened to his assistance as fast as his ass could go, and when
+he came up found him unable to move, with such a shock had <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span>
+fallen with him.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;God bless me!&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;did I not tell your worship to mind what
+you were about, for they were only windmills? and no one could have made
+any mistake about it but one who had something of the same kind in his
+head.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Hush, friend <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,&#8221; replied <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>; &#8220;the fortunes of war more
+than any other are liable to frequent fluctuations; and moreover I
+think, and it is the truth, that some sage<a name="Anchor_440-3" id="Anchor_440-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 440-3" href="#Footnote_440-3" class="fnanchor">440-3</a> turned these giants
+into mills in order to rob me of the glory of vanquishing them, such is
+the enmity he bears me;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_441" id="Page_441">[441]</a></span> but in the end his wicked arts will avail but
+little against my good sword.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;God order it as he may,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho Panza</span>, and helping him to rise got
+him up again on <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span>, whose shoulder was half out; and then,
+discussing the late adventure, they followed the road to Puerto Lapice,
+for there, said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> they could not fail to find adventure, as
+it was a great thoroughfare.</p>
+
+<p>Finally they passed the night among some trees, from one of which <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span> plucked a dry branch to serve him as a lance, and fixed on it
+the head he had removed from the broken one.</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section">MAMBRINO&#8217;S HELMET</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapr"><span class="hide">R</span></span><span class="upper">ain</span> fell in gentle drops, and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> was for going into the fulling
+mills,<a name="Anchor_441-1" id="Anchor_441-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 441-1" href="#Footnote_441-1" class="fnanchor">441-1</a> but <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> had taken such a disgust to them on
+account of the late joke that he would not enter them on any account; so
+turning aside to the right they came upon another road, different from
+that which they had taken the night before. Shortly afterwards <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span> perceived a man on horseback who wore on his head something that
+shone like gold, and the moment he saw him he turned to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> and said,
+&#8220;I think, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, there is no proverb that is not true, all being maxims
+drawn from experience itself, the mother of all sciences, especially
+that one that says, &#8216;Where one door shuts, another opens.&#8217; I say so
+because if<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_442" id="Page_442">[442]</a></span> last night fortune shut the door of the adventure we were
+looking for against us, cheating us with the fulling mills, it now opens
+wide another one for better and more certain adventure, and if I do not
+contrive to enter it, it will be my own fault, and I cannot lay it to my
+ignorance of fulling mills, or the darkness of the night. I say this
+because, if I mistake not, there comes toward us one who wears on his
+head the helmet of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Mambrino</span>,<a name="Anchor_442-2" id="Anchor_442-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 442-2" href="#Footnote_442-2" class="fnanchor">442-2</a> concerning which I took the oath
+thou rememberest.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Mind what you say, your worship, and still more what you do,&#8221; said
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;for I don&#8217;t want any more fulling mills to finish off fulling
+and knocking our senses out.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The devil take thee, man,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>; &#8220;what has a helmet to do
+with fulling mills?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t know,&#8221; replied <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;but, faith, if I might speak as I used,
+perhaps I could give such reasons that your worship would see you were
+mistaken in what you say.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;How can I be mistaken in what I say, unbelieving traitor?&#8221; returned <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span>. &#8220;Tell me, seest thou not yonder knight coming towards us on a
+dappled gray steed, who has upon his head a helmet of gold?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What I see and make <a name="corr15" id="corr15"></a>out,&#8221; answered <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;is only a man on a
+gray ass like my own, who has something that shines on his head.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_443" id="Page_443">[443]</a></span>&#8220;Well, that is the helmet of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Mambrino</span>,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>; &#8220;stand to one
+side and leave me alone with him; thou shalt see how, without saying a
+word, I shall bring this adventure to an issue and possess myself of the
+helmet I have so longed for.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I will take care to stand aside,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;but God grant, I say
+once more, that it may not be fulling mills again.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I have told thee, brother, on no account to mention those fulling mills
+to me again,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;or I vow&mdash;and I say no more&mdash;I&#8217;ll full
+the soul out of you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> held his peace in dread lest his master should carry out the vow
+he had hurled like a bowl at him.</p>
+
+<p>The fact of the matter as regards the helmet, steed, and knight that <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span> saw, was this: In that neighborhood there were two villages, one
+of them so small that it had neither apothecary&#8217;s shop, nor barber,
+which the other that was close to it had; so the barber of the larger
+served the smaller; and in it there was a sick man who required to be
+bled and another man who wanted to be shaved, and on this errand the
+barber was going, carrying with him a brass basin; but as luck would
+have it, as he was on the way it began to rain, and not to spoil his
+hat, which probably was a new one, he put the basin on his head, and
+being clean it glittered at half a league&#8217;s distance. He rode upon a
+gray ass, as <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> said, and this was what made it seem to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>
+to be a dapple-gray steed and a knight and a golden helmet; for
+everything he saw he made to fall in with his crazy chivalry and ill
+errant notions; and when he saw the poor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_444" id="Page_444">[444]</a></span> knight draw near, without
+entering into any parley with him, at <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante&#8217;s</span> top speed he bore down
+upon him with the pike pointed low, fully determined to run him through
+and through, and as he reached him, without checking the fury of his
+charge, he cried to him, &#8220;Defend thyself, miserable being, or yield me
+of thine own accord that which is so reasonably my due.&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 251px;">
+<a name="image63" id="image63"></a><a href="images/image63-full.png"><img src="images/image63.png" width="251" height="224" alt="The barber falling off his donkey before Don Quixote strikes him with his lance" title="&#8220;DEFEND THYSELF, MISERABLE BEING!&#8221;" /></a>
+<span class="caption">&#8220;DEFEND THYSELF, MISERABLE BEING!&#8221;</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>The barber, who without any expectation or apprehension of it saw this
+apparition coming down upon him, had no other way of saving himself from
+the stroke of the lance but to let himself fall off his ass; and no
+sooner had he touched the ground than he sprang up more nimbly than a
+deer and sped away across the plain faster than the wind.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_445" id="Page_445">[445]</a></span>He left the basin on the ground, with which <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> contented
+himself, saying that the pagan had shown his discretion and imitated the
+beaver, which finding himself pressed by the hunters bites and cuts off
+with its teeth that for which by its natural instinct, it knows it is
+pursued.</p>
+
+<p>He told <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> to pick up the helmet, and he, taking it in his hands,
+said, &#8220;By God the basin is a good one, and worth a piece of eight<a name="Anchor_445-3" id="Anchor_445-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 445-3" href="#Footnote_445-3" class="fnanchor">445-3</a>
+if it is worth a <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">maravedi</span>,&#8221; and handed it to his master, who immediately
+put it on his head, turning it round, now this way, now that, in search
+of the visor. Not finding it he said, &#8220;Clearly the pagan to whose
+measure this famous headpiece was first forged must have had a very
+large head; but the worst of it is half of it is wanting.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>When <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> heard him call the basin a headpiece he was unable to
+restrain his laughter, but remembering his master&#8217;s wrath he checked
+himself in the midst of it.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What art thou laughing at, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>?&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I am laughing,&#8221; said he, &#8220;to think of the great head the pagan must
+have had who owned this helmet, for it looks exactly like a regular
+barber&#8217;s basin.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Dost thou know what I suspect, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>?&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>; &#8220;that this
+wonderful piece of this enchanted helmet must by some strange accident
+have come into the hands of some one who was unable to recognize or
+realize its value, and who, not knowing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_446" id="Page_446">[446]</a></span> what he did, and seeing it to
+be of the purest gold, must have melted down one half for the sake of
+what it might be worth, and of the other made this which is like a
+barber&#8217;s basin, as thou sayest; but be it as it may, to me who recognize
+it, its transformation makes no difference, for I will set it to rights
+at the first village where there is a blacksmith, and in such style that
+that helmet the god of smithies<a name="Anchor_446-4" id="Anchor_446-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 446-4" href="#Footnote_446-4" class="fnanchor">446-4</a> forged for the god of battles
+shall not surpass it or even come up to it; and in the meantime I will
+wear it as well as I can, for something is better than nothing; all the
+more as it will be quite enough to protect me from any chance blow of a
+stone.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Will your worship,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;tell me what are we to do with this
+dapple-gray steed that looks like a gray ass, which that Martino<a name="Anchor_446-5" id="Anchor_446-5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 446-5" href="#Footnote_446-5" class="fnanchor">446-5</a>
+that your worship overthrew has left deserted here? for, from the way he
+took to his heels and bolted, he is not likely ever to come back for it;
+and by my beard but the gray is a good one.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I have never been in the habit,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;of taking spoil of
+those whom I vanquish, nor is it the practice of chivalry to take away
+their horses and leave them to go on foot, unless indeed it be that the
+victor have lost his own in the combat, in which case it is lawful to
+take that of the vanquished as a thing won in lawful war; therefore,
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, leave this horse, or ass, or whatever thou wilt have it to be;
+for when its owner sees us gone hence he will come back for it.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_447" id="Page_447">[447]</a></span>&#8220;God knows I should like to take it,&#8221; returned <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;or at least to
+change it for my own, which does not seem to me as good a one; verily
+the laws of chivalry are strict, since they cannot be stretched to let
+one ass be changed for another; I should like to know if I might at
+least change trappings.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;On that head I am not quite certain,&#8221; answered <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;and the
+matter being doubtful, pending better information, I say thou mayest
+change them, if so be thou hast urgent need of them.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So urgent is it,&#8221; answered <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;that if they were for my own person
+I could not want them more;&#8221; and forthwith, fortified by this license,
+he effected the change, and rigged out his beast to the ninety-nines,
+making quite another thing of it. This done, they broke their fast on
+the remains of the spoils of war plundered from the sumpter mule, and
+drank of the brook that flowed from the fulling mills, without casting a
+look in that direction, in such loathing did they hold them for the
+alarm they had caused them; and, all anger and gloom removed, they
+mounted and, without taking any fixed road (not to fix upon any being
+the proper thing for true knights-errant), they set out, guided by
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante&#8217;s</span> will, which carried along with it that of his master, not to
+say that of the ass, which always followed him wherever he led, lovingly
+and sociably; nevertheless they returned to the high road, and pursued
+it at a venture without any other aim.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_448" id="Page_448">[448]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="section"><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">DON QUIXOTE&#8217;S</span> ENCOUNTER WITH THE LIONS</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapw"><span class="hide">W</span></span><span class="upper">hen</span> the author of this great history came to relate what is set down in
+this chapter he would have preferred to pass it over in silence, fearing
+it would not be believed, because here <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote&#8217;s</span> madness reaches the
+confines of the greatest that can be conceived, and even goes a couple
+of bowshots beyond the greatest. But after all, though still under the
+same fear and apprehension, he has recorded it without adding to the
+story or leaving out a particle of the truth, and entirely disregarding
+the charges of falsehood that might be brought against him.</p>
+
+<p>When <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> called <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> to bring his helmet, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> was buying
+some curds the shepherds agreed to sell him, and flurried by the great
+haste his master was in did not know what to do with them or what to
+carry them in; so, not to lose them, for he had already paid for them,
+he thought it best to throw them into his master&#8217;s helmet, and acting on
+this bright idea he went to see what his master wanted with him. He, as
+he approached, exclaimed to him, &#8220;Give me that helmet, my friend, for
+either I know little of adventures, or what I observe yonder is one that
+will, and does, call upon me to arm myself.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>He of the green gaban,<a name="Anchor_448-1" id="Anchor_448-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 448-1" href="#Footnote_448-1" class="fnanchor">448-1</a> hearing this, looked in all directions,
+but could perceive nothing except a cart coming towards them with two or
+three small flags, which led him to conclude it must be carrying<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_449" id="Page_449">[449]</a></span>
+treasure of the King&#8217;s, and he said so to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>. He, however,
+would not believe him, being always persuaded and convinced that all
+that happened to him must be adventures and still more adventures; so he
+replied to the gentleman, &#8220;He who is prepared has his battle half
+fought; nothing is lost by my preparing myself, for I know by experience
+that I have enemies, visible and invisible, and I know not when or
+where, or at what moment, or in what shapes they will attack me;&#8221; and
+turning to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> he called for his helmet; and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, as he had no
+time to take out the curds, had to give it as it was.</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> took it, and without perceiving what was in it, thrust it
+down in hot haste upon his head; but as the curds were pressed and
+squeezed the whey began to run all over his face and beard, whereat he
+was so startled that he cried out to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, what&#8217;s this? I
+think my head is softening, or my brains are melting, or I am sweating
+from head to foot! If I am sweating it is not indeed from fear. I am
+convinced beyond a doubt that the adventure which is about to befall me
+is a terrible one. Give me something to wipe myself with, if thou hast
+it, for this profuse sweat is blinding me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> held his tongue, and gave him a cloth, and gave thanks to God at
+the same time that his master had not found out what was the matter. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span> then wiped himself, and took off his helmet to see what it was
+that made his head feel so cool, and seeing all that white mash inside
+his helmet, he put it to his nose, and as soon as he had smelled it he
+exclaimed, &#8220;By the life of my lady<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_450" id="Page_450">[450]</a></span> <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea del Toboso,</span> but it is curds
+thou has put here, thou treacherous, impudent, ill-mannered squire!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>To which, with great composure and pretended innocence, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> replied,
+&#8220;If they are curds let me have them, your worship, and I&#8217;ll eat them;
+but let the devil eat them, for it must have been he who put them there.
+I dare to dirty your worship&#8217;s helmet! You have guessed the offender
+finely! Faith, sir, by the light God gives me, it seems I must have
+enchanters too, that persecute me as a creature and limb of your
+worship, and they must have put that nastiness there in order to provoke
+your patience to anger, and make you baste my ribs as you are wont to
+do. Well, this time, indeed, they have missed their aim, for I trust to
+my master&#8217;s good sense to see that I have got no curds or milk, or
+anything of the sort; and that if I had, it is in my stomach I would put
+it and not in the helmet.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;May be so,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>. All this the gentleman was observing, and
+with astonishment, more especially when, after having wiped himself
+clean, his head, face, beard, and helmet, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> put it on, and
+settling himself firmly in his stirrups, easing his sword in the
+scabbard, and grasping his lance, he cried, &#8220;Now come who will, here am
+I, ready to try conclusions with Satan himself in person!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>By this time the cart with the flags had come up, unattended by any one
+except the carter on a mule, and a man sitting in front. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>
+planted himself before it and said, &#8220;Whither are you going, brothers?
+What cart is this? What have you got in it? What flags are those?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_451" id="Page_451">[451]</a></span>To this the carter replied, &#8220;The cart is mine; what is in it is a pair
+of fine caged lions, which the governor of Oran is sending to court as a
+present to his Majesty; and the flags are our lord the King&#8217;s, to show
+that what is here is his property.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And are the lions large?&#8221; asked <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So large,&#8221; replied the man who sat at the door of the cart, &#8220;that
+larger, or as large, have never crossed from Africa to Spain; I am the
+keeper, and I have brought over others, but never any like these. They
+are male and female; the male is in that first cage and the female in
+the one behind, and they are hungry now, for they have eaten nothing
+to-day, so let your worship stand aside, for we must make haste to the
+place where we are to feed them.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Hereupon, smiling slightly, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> exclaimed, &#8220;Lion-whelps to me!
+to me whelps of lions, and at such a time! Then, by God! those gentlemen
+who send them here shall see if I am a man to be frightened by lions.
+Get down, my good fellow, and as you are the keeper open the cages, and
+turn me out those beasts, and in the midst of this plain I will let them
+know who <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">La Mancha</span> is, in spite and in the teeth of the
+enchanters who send them to me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;So, so,&#8221; said the gentleman to himself at this; &#8220;our worthy knight has
+shown of what sort he is; the curds, no doubt, have softened his skull
+and brought his brains to a head.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>At this instant <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> came up to him, saying, &#8220;<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Se&ntilde;or</span>, for God&#8217;s sake do
+something to keep my master, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> from tackling these lions; for
+if he does they&#8217;ll tear us all to pieces here.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_452" id="Page_452">[452]</a></span>&#8220;Is your master then so mad,&#8221; asked the gentleman, &#8220;that you believe and
+are afraid he will engage such fierce animals?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;He is not mad,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;but he is venturesome.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I will prevent it,&#8221; said the gentleman; and going over to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span>
+who was insisting upon the keeper&#8217;s opening the cages, he said to him,
+&#8220;Sir Knight, knights-errant should attempt adventures which encourage
+the hope of a successful issue, not those which entirely withhold it;
+for valor that trenches upon temerity savors rather of madness than of
+courage; moreover, these lions do not come to oppose you, nor do they
+dream of such a thing; they are going as presents to his Majesty, and it
+will not be right to stop them or delay their journey.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Gentle sir,&#8221; replied <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;you go and mind your tame partridge
+and your bold ferret, and leave every one to manage his own business;
+this is mine, and I know whether these gentlemen the lions come to me or
+not&#8221;; and then turning to the keeper he exclaimed, &#8220;By all that&#8217;s good,
+sir scoundrel, if you don&#8217;t open the cages this very instant, I&#8217;ll pin
+you to the cart with this lance.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The carter, seeing the determination of this apparition in armor, said
+to him, &#8220;Please your worship, for charity&#8217;s sake, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>, let me unyoke
+the mules and place myself in safety along with them before the lions
+are turned out; for if they kill them on me I am ruined for life, for
+all I possess is this cart and mules.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;O man of little faith,&#8221; replied <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;get down and unyoke; you
+will soon see that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_453" id="Page_453">[453]</a></span> you are exerting yourself for nothing, and that you
+might have spared yourself the trouble.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The carter got down and with all speed unyoked the mules, and the keeper
+called out at the top of his voice, &#8220;I call all here to witness that
+against my will and under compulsion I open the cages and let the lions
+loose, and that I warn this gentleman that he will be accountable for
+all the harm and mischief which these beasts may do, and for my salary
+and dues as well. You, gentlemen, place yourselves in safety before I
+open, for I know they will do me no harm.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Once more the gentleman strove to persuade <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> not to do such a
+mad thing, as it was tempting God to engage in such a piece of folly. To
+this, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> replied that he knew what he was about. The gentleman
+entreated him to reflect, for he knew he was under a delusion.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Well, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>,&#8221; answered <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;if you do not like to be a
+spectator of this tragedy, as in your opinion it will be, spur your
+flea-bitten mare and place yourself in safety.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Hearing this, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> with tears in his eyes entreated him to give up an
+enterprise compared with which the one of the windmills, and the awful
+one of the fulling mills, and, in fact, all the feats he had attempted
+in the whole course of his life, were cakes and fancy bread. &#8220;Look ye,
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;there&#8217;s no enchantment here, nor anything of the
+sort, for between the bars and chinks of the cage I have seen the paw of
+a real lion, and judging by that I reckon the lion such a paw could
+belong to must be bigger than a mountain.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_454" id="Page_454">[454]</a></span>&#8220;Fear, at any rate,&#8221; replied <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;will make him look bigger to
+thee than half the world. Retire, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, and leave me; and if I die
+here thou knowest our old compact; thou wilt repair to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea</span>&mdash;I say
+no more.&#8221; To these he added some further words that banished all hope of
+his giving up his insane project. He of the green gaban would have
+offered resistance, but he found himself ill-matched as to arms, and did
+not think it prudent to come to blows with a madman, for such <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span> had shown himself to be in every respect; and the latter,
+renewing his commands to the keeper and repeating his threats, gave
+warning to the gentleman to spur his mare, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> his Dapple, and the
+carter his mules, all striving to get away from the cart as far as they
+could before the lions broke loose. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> was weeping over his master&#8217;s
+death, for this time he firmly believed it was in store for him from the
+claws of the lions; and he cursed his fate and called it an unlucky hour
+when he thought of taking service with him again; but with all his tears
+and lamentations he did not forget to thrash Dapple so as to put a good
+space between himself and the cart. The keeper, seeing that the
+fugitives were now some distance off, once more entreated and warned <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span> as he had entreated and warned him before; but he replied that
+he heard him, and that he need not trouble himself with any further
+warnings or entreaties, as they would be fruitless, and bade him make
+haste.</p>
+
+<p>During the delay that occurred while the keeper was opening the first
+cage, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> was considering whether it would not be well to do<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_455" id="Page_455">[455]</a></span>
+battle on foot, instead of on horseback, and finally resolved to fight
+on foot, fearing that <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span> might take fright at the sight of the
+lions; he therefore sprang off his horse, flung his lance aside, braced
+his buckler on his arm, and drawing his sword, advanced slowly with
+marvelous intrepidity and resolute courage, to plant himself in front of
+the cart, commending himself with all his heart, first to God, and then
+to his lady <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea</span>.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image64" id="image64"></a><a href="images/image64-full.png"><img src="images/image64.png" width="252" height="289" alt="Don Quixote defending himself against a lion that is about to jump from a cage" title="THE LION PUT HIS HEAD OUT OF THE CAGE" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THE LION PUT HIS HEAD OUT OF THE CAGE</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_456" id="Page_456">[456]</a></span>The keeper, seeing that <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> had taken up his position, and that
+it was impossible for him to avoid letting out the male without
+incurring the enmity of the fiery and daring knight, flung open the
+doors of the first cage, containing, as has been said, the lion, which
+was now seen to be of enormous size, and grim and hideous mien. The
+first thing he did was to turn round in the cage in which he lay, and
+protrude his claws, and stretch himself thoroughly; he next opened his
+mouth, and yawned very leisurely, and with near two palms&#8217;-length of
+tongue that he had thrust forth, he licked the dust out of his eyes and
+washed his face; having done this, he put his head out of the cage and
+looked all round with eyes like glowing coals, a spectacle and demeanor
+to strike terror into temerity itself. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> merely observed him
+steadily, longing for him to leap from the cart and come to close
+quarters with him, when he hoped to hew him in pieces.</p>
+
+<p>So far did his unparalleled madness go; but the noble lion, more
+courteous than arrogant, not troubling himself about silly bravado,
+after having looked all round, as has been said, turned about and
+presented his hind-quarters to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> and very coolly and
+tranquilly lay down again in the cage. Seeing this, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> ordered
+the keeper to take a stick to him and provoke him to make him come out.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That I won&#8217;t,&#8221; said the keeper, &#8220;for if I anger him, the first he&#8217;ll
+tear to pieces will be myself. Be satisfied, sir knight, with what you
+have done, which leaves nothing more to be said on the score of courage,
+and do not seek to tempt fortune a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_457" id="Page_457">[457]</a></span> second time. The lion has the door
+open; he is free to come out or not to come out; but as he has not come
+out so far, he will not come out to-day. The greatness of your worship&#8217;s
+courage has been fully manifested already; no brave champion, so it
+strikes me, is bound to do more than challenge his enemy and wait for
+him on the field; if his adversary does not come, on him lies the
+disgrace, and he who waits for him carries off the crown of victory.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That is true,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>; &#8220;close the door, my friend, and let me
+have, in the best form thou canst, what thou hast seen me do, by way of
+certificate; to wit, that thou didst open for the lion, that I waited
+for him, that he did not come out, that I still waited for him, and that
+still he did not come out, and lay down again. I am not bound to do
+more; enchantments avaunt, and God uphold the right, the truth, and true
+chivalry! Close the door as I bade thee, while I make signals to the
+fugitives that have left us, that they may learn this exploit from my
+lips.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The keeper obeyed, and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> fixing on the point of his lance the
+cloth he had wiped his face with after the deluge of curds, proceeded to
+recall the others, who still continued to fly, looking back at every
+step, all in a body, the gentleman bringing up the rear. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,
+however, happening to observe the signal of the white cloth, exclaimed,
+&#8220;May I die, if my master has not overcome the wild beasts, for he is
+calling to us.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>They all stopped, and perceived that it was <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> who was making
+signals, and shaking off their fears to some extent, they approached<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_458" id="Page_458">[458]</a></span>
+slowly until they were near enough to hear distinctly <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote&#8217;s</span>
+voice calling to them. They returned at length to the cart, and as they
+came up, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> said to the carter, &#8220;Put your mules to once more,
+brother, and continue your journey; and do thou, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, give him two
+gold crowns for himself and the keeper, to compensate for the delay they
+have incurred through me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That will I give with all my heart,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;but what has become
+of the lions? Are they dead or alive?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The keeper, then described the end of the contest, exalting to the best
+of his power and ability the valor of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> at the sight of whom
+the lion quailed, and would not and dared not come out of the cage,
+although he had held the door open ever so long; and showing how, in
+consequence of his having represented to the knight that it was tempting
+God to provoke the lion in order to force him out, which he wished to
+have done, he very reluctantly, and altogether against his will, had
+allowed the door to be closed.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What dost thou think of this, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>?&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>. &#8220;Are there any
+enchantments that can prevail against true valor? The enchanters may be
+able to rob me of good fortune, but of fortitude and courage they can
+not.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> paid the crowns, the carter put to, the keeper kissed <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote&#8217;s</span> hands for the bounty bestowed upon him, and promised to give
+an account of the valiant exploit to the King himself, as soon as he saw
+him at court.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Then,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;if his Majesty should happen to ask who
+performed it, you must<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_459" id="Page_459">[459]</a></span> say The Knight of the Lions; for it is my desire
+that into this the name I have hitherto borne of Knight of the Rueful
+Countenance be from this time forward changed, altered, transformed, and
+turned.&#8221;</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section">THE ADVENTURE OF THE ENCHANTED BARK</h3>
+
+<p class="noindent"><span class="dropcapu"><span class="hide">U</span></span><span class="upper">pon</span> proceeding with their journey, they discovered a small boat,
+without oars or any other gear, that lay at the water&#8217;s edge tied to the
+stem of a tree growing on the bank. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> looked all around, and
+seeing nobody, at once, without more ado, dismounted from <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span> and
+bade <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> get down from Dapple and tie both beasts securely to the
+trunk of a poplar or willow that stood there. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> asked him the
+reason of this sudden dismounting and tying. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> made answer,
+&#8220;Thou must know, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, that this bark here is plainly, and without the
+possibility of any alternative, calling and inviting me to enter it, and
+in it go to give aid to some knight or other person of distinction in
+need of it, who is no doubt in some sore strait; for this is the way of
+the books of chivalry and of the enchanters who figure and speak in
+them. When a knight is involved in some difficulty from which he cannot
+be delivered save by the hand of another knight, though they may be at a
+distance of two or three thousand leagues or more one from the other,
+they either take him up on a cloud, or they provide a bark for him to
+get into, and in less than the twinkling of an eye they carry him where
+they will and where his help<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_460" id="Page_460">[460]</a></span> is required; and so, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, this bark is
+placed here for the same purpose; this is as true as that it is now day,
+and ere this one passes tie Dapple and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span> together, and then in
+God&#8217;s hand be it to guide us; for I would not hold back from embarking,
+though bare-footed friars were to beg me.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;As that&#8217;s the case,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;and your worship chooses to give in
+to these&mdash;I don&#8217;t know if I may call them absurdities&mdash;at every turn,
+there&#8217;s nothing for it but to obey and bow the head, bearing in mind the
+proverb, &#8216;Do as thy master bids thee, and sit down to table with him;&#8217;
+but for all that, for the sake of easing my conscience, I want to warn
+your worship that it is my opinion this bark is no enchanted one, but
+belongs to some of the fishermen of the river, for they catch the best
+shad in the world here.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>As <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> said this, he tied the beasts, leaving them to the care and
+protection of the enchanters with sorrow enough in his heart. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span> bade him not be uneasy about deserting the animals, for he who
+would carry themselves over such longinquous roads and regions would
+take care to feed them.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t understand that logiquous,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;nor have I ever heard
+the word all the days of my life.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Longinquous,&#8221; replied <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;means far off; but it is no wonder
+thou dost not understand it, for thou art not bound to know Latin, like
+some who pretend to know it and don&#8217;t.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Now they are tied,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;what are we to do next?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_461" id="Page_461">[461]</a></span>&#8220;What?&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;cross ourselves and weigh anchor; I mean,
+embark and cut the moorings by which the bark is held;&#8221; and jumping into
+it, followed by <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, he cut the rope, and the bark began to drift
+away slowly from the bank. But when <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> saw himself somewhere about
+two yards out in the river, he began to tremble and give himself up for
+lost; but nothing distressed him more than hearing Dapple bray and
+seeing <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span> struggling to get loose, and said he to his master,
+&#8220;Dapple is braying in grief at our leaving him, and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span> is trying
+to escape and plunge in after us. O dear friends, peace be with you, and
+may this madness that is taking us away from you, turned into sober
+sense, bring us back to you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>And with this he fell weeping so bitterly, that <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> said to him,
+sharply and angrily, &#8220;What art thou afraid of, cowardly creature? What
+art thou weeping at, heart of butter-paste? Who pursues or molests thee,
+thou soul of a tame mouse? What dost thou want, unsatisfied in the very
+heart of abundance? Art thou, perchance, tramping barefoot over the
+mountains, instead of being seated on a bench like an archduke on the
+tranquil stream of this pleasant river, from which in a short space we
+shall come out upon the broad sea? But we must have already emerged and
+gone seven hundred or eight hundred leagues; and if I had here an
+astrolabe to take the altitude of the pole, I could tell thee how many
+we have traveled, though either I know little, or we have already
+crossed or shall shortly cross the equinoctial line which parts the two
+opposite poles midway.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_462" id="Page_462">[462]</a></span>&#8220;And when we come to that line your worship speaks of,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,
+&#8220;how far shall we have gone?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Very far,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;for of the three hundred and sixty
+degrees that this terraqueous globe contains, as computed by Ptolemy,
+the greatest cosmographer known, we shall have traveled one-half when we
+come to the line I spoke of.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;By God,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;your worship gives me a nice authority for what
+you say, putrid Dolly something transmogrified, or whatever it is.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> laughed at the interpretation <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> put upon &#8220;computed,&#8221;
+and the name of the cosmographer Ptolemy.</p>
+
+<p class="titlepage" style="letter-spacing: 0.7em;">* * * * * * * *</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I can see with my own eyes,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;that we have not moved five
+yards away from the bank, or shifted two yards from where the animals
+stand, for there are <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span> and Dapple in the very same place where
+we left them; and watching a point, as I do now, I swear by all that&#8217;s
+good, we are not stirring or moving at the pace of an ant.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>They now came in sight of some large water mills that stood in the
+middle of the river,<a name="Anchor_462-1" id="Anchor_462-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 462-1" href="#Footnote_462-1" class="fnanchor">462-1</a> and the instant <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> saw them he
+cried out to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;Seest thou there, my friend? there stands the
+city, castle, or fortress, where there is, no doubt, some knight in
+durance, or ill-used queen, or infanta, or princess, in aid of whom I am
+brought hither.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_463" id="Page_463">[463]</a></span>&#8220;What the devil city, fortress, or castle is your worship talking about,
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>?&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;don&#8217;t you see that those are mills that stand in
+the river to grind corn?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Hold thy peace, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>; &#8220;though they look like mills
+they are not so; I have already told thee that enchantments transform
+things and change their proper shapes; I do not mean to say they really
+change them from one form into another, but that it seems as though they
+did, as experience proved in the transformation of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea</span>, sole refuge
+of my hopes.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>By this time, the boat, having reached the middle of the stream, began
+to move less slowly than hitherto. The millers belonging to the mills,
+when they saw the boat coming down the river, and on the point of being
+sucked in by the draught of the wheels, ran out in haste, several of
+them, with long poles to stop it, and being all mealy, with faces and
+garments covered with flour, they presented a sinister appearance. They
+raised loud shouts, crying, &#8220;Devils of men, where are you going to? Are
+you mad? Do you want to drown yourselves, or dash yourselves to pieces
+among these wheels?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Did I not tell thee, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> at this, &#8220;that we had
+reached the place where I am to show what the might of my arm can do?
+See what ruffians and villains come out against me; see what monsters
+oppose me; see what hideous countenances come to frighten us! You shall
+soon see, scoundrels!&#8221; And then standing up in the boat he began in a
+loud voice to hurl threats at the millers, exclaiming, &#8220;Ill-conditioned
+and worse-counselled rabble, restore to liberty and freedom<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_464" id="Page_464">[464]</a></span> the person
+ye hold in durance in this your fortress or prison, high or low or of
+whatever rank or quality he be, for I am <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">La Mancha</span>,
+otherwise called the Knight of the Lions, for whom, by the disposition
+of Heaven above, it is reserved to give a happy issue to this
+adventure;&#8221; and so saying he drew his sword and began making passes in
+the air at the millers, who, hearing but not understanding all this
+nonsense, strove to stop the boat, which was now getting into the
+rushing channel of the wheels.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 252px;">
+<a name="image65" id="image65"></a><a href="images/image65-full.png"><img src="images/image65.png" width="252" height="206" alt="Don Quixote and Sancho in a rowboat about to drift into a waterwheel" title="SANCHO FELL ON HIS KNEES" />
+</a><span class="caption"><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">SANCHO</span> FELL ON HIS KNEES</span>
+</div>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, in very real despair, fell upon his knees devoutly appealing to
+Heaven to deliver him from such imminent peril; which it did by the
+activity and quickness of the millers, who, pushing against<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_465" id="Page_465">[465]</a></span> the boat
+with their poles, stopped it, not, however, without upsetting it and
+throwing <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> into the water; and lucky it was for Don
+Quixote that he could swim like a goose, though the weight of his armor
+carried him twice to the bottom; and had it not been for the millers,
+who plunged in and hoisted them both out, it would have been Troy town
+with the pair of them. As soon as, more drenched than thirsty, they were
+landed, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> went down on his knees and with clasped hands and eyes
+raised to heaven, prayed a long and fervent prayer to God to deliver him
+evermore from the rash projects and attempts of his master.</p>
+
+<p>The surprised fishermen, the owners of the boat, which the mill-wheels
+had knocked to pieces, now came up, and seeing it smashed they proceeded
+to strip <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> and to demand payment for it from <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>; but he
+with great calmness, just as if nothing had happened to him, told the
+millers and fishermen that he would pay for the bark most cheerfully, on
+condition that they delivered up to him, free and unhurt, the person or
+persons that were in durance in that castle of theirs.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;What persons or what castle art thou talking of, madman?&#8221; said one of
+the millers; &#8220;art thou for carrying off the people who come to grind
+corn in these mills?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s enough,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> to himself, &#8220;it would be preaching in
+the desert to attempt by entreaties to induce this rabble to do any
+virtuous action. In this adventure two mighty enchanters must have
+encountered one another, and one frustrates what the other attempts; one
+provided a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_466" id="Page_466">[466]</a></span> bark for me, and the other upset me; God help us, this world
+is all machinations and schemes at cross purposes one with the other. I
+can do no more.&#8221; And then turning towards the mills he said aloud,
+&#8220;Friends, whoe&#8217;er ye be that are immured in that prison, forgive me
+that, to my misfortune and yours, I cannot deliver you from your misery;
+this adventure is doubtless reserved and destined for some other
+knight.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>So saying he settled with the fishermen, and paid fifty reals for the
+boat, which <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> handed to them very much against the grain, saying,
+&#8220;With a couple more bark businesses like this we shall have sunk our
+whole capital, which is none too large.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The fishermen and the millers stood staring in amazement at the two
+figures, so very different to all appearance from ordinary men, and were
+wholly unable to make out the drift of the observations and questions
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> addressed to them; and coming to the conclusion that they
+were madmen, they left them and betook themselves, the millers to their
+mills, and the fishermen to their huts.</p>
+
+<p>Whereupon <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho Panza</span>, like a pair of senseless animals
+themselves, returned to the animals they had left, and thus ended the
+adventure of the enchanted bark.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_467" id="Page_467">[467]</a></span></p>
+
+<h3 class="section">THE ADVENTURE OF THE WOODEN HORSE</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> his squire, having encountered in a
+forest a certain duke and his duchess, had been invited to pass
+some time in the ducal palace. The duke and his friends, bent on
+amusement, persuaded <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> that a vile enchanter, angered at
+some ladies, had for punishment caused heavy beards to grow on
+their faces. They even showed him the ladies, impersonated, of
+course, by men; and they persuaded him that the beards would be
+removed if he, with his squire, would take a long ride on a famous
+wooden horse, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span>.</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcapa"><span class="hide">A</span></span><span class="upper">nd</span> now night came, and with it the appointed time for the arrival of
+the famous horse <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span>, the non-appearance of which was already
+beginning to make <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> uneasy, for it struck him that, as
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Malambruno</span><a name="Anchor_467-1" id="Anchor_467-1"></a><a title="Go to footnote 467-1" href="#Footnote_467-1" class="fnanchor">467-1</a> was so long about sending it, either he himself was
+not the knight for whom the adventure was reserved, or else <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Malambruno</span>
+did not dare to meet him in single combat. But lo! suddenly there came
+into the garden four wild-men all clad in green ivy bearing on their
+shoulders a great wooden horse. They placed it on its feet on the
+ground, and one of the wild-men said, &#8220;Let the knight who has heart for
+it mount this machine.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Here <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> exclaimed, &#8220;I don&#8217;t mount, for neither have I the heart nor
+am I a knight.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And let the squire, if he has one,&#8221; continued the wild-man, &#8220;take his
+seat on the croup, and let him trust the valiant <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Malambruno</span>; for by no
+sword save his, nor by the malice of any other, shall he be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_468" id="Page_468">[468]</a></span> assailed.
+It is but to turn this peg the horse has in his neck, and he will bear
+them through the air to where <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Malambruno</span> awaits them; but lest the vast
+elevation of their course should make them giddy, their eyes must be
+covered until the horse neighs, which will be the sign of their having
+completed their journey.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>With these words, leaving <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span> behind them, they retired with easy
+dignity the way they came. As soon as the Distressed One<a name="Anchor_468-2" id="Anchor_468-2"></a><a title="Go to footnote 468-2" href="#Footnote_468-2" class="fnanchor">468-2</a> saw the
+horse, almost in tears she exclaimed to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;Valiant knight,
+the promise of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Malambruno</span> has proved trustworthy; the horse has come,
+our beards are growing, and by every hair in them we all of us implore
+thee to shave and shear us, as it is only mounting him with thy squire
+and making a happy beginning with your new journey.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That I will, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Se&ntilde;or</span>a Countess <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Trifaldi,&#8221;</span> said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;most gladly
+and with right good will, without stopping to take a cushion or put on
+my spurs, so as not to lose time, such is my desire to see you,
+<a name="corr16" id="corr16"></a><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;ora</span>, and all these <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">duennas</span> shaved clean.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That I won&#8217;t,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;with good will or bad will or any way at
+all; and if this shaving can&#8217;t be done without my mounting on the croup,
+my master had better look out for another squire to go with him, and
+these ladies for some other way of making their faces smooth; I&#8217;m no
+witch to have a taste for traveling through the air. What would my
+islanders say when they heard their governor was going strolling about
+on the winds?&#8221;<a name="Anchor_468-3" id="Anchor_468-3"></a><a title="Go to footnote 468-3" href="#Footnote_468-3" class="fnanchor">468-3</a></p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_469" id="Page_469">[469]</a></span>&#8220;Friend <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,&#8221; said the duke at this, &#8220;the island that I have promised
+you is not a moving one, or one that will run away; it has roots so
+deeply buried in the bowels of the earth that it will be no easy matter
+to pluck it up or shift it from where it is; you know as well as I do
+that there is no sort of office of any importance that is not obtained
+by a bribe of some kind, great or small; well, then, that which I look
+to receive for this government is that you go with your master <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span>, and bring this memorable adventure to a conclusion; and whether
+you return on <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span> as quickly as his speed seems to promise, or
+adverse fortune brings you back on foot traveling as a pilgrim from
+hostel to hostel and from inn to inn, you will always find your island
+on your return where you left it, and your islanders with the same
+eagerness they have always had to receive you as their governor, and my
+good will will remain the same; doubt not the truth of this, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Se&ntilde;or</span>
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, for that would be grievously wronging my disposition to serve
+you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Say no more, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;I am a poor squire and not equal to
+carrying so much courtesy; let my master mount; bandage my eyes and
+commit me to God&#8217;s care, and tell me if I may commend myself to our Lord
+or call upon the angels to protect me when we go towering up there.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>To this the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Trifaldi</span><a name="Anchor_469-4" id="Anchor_469-4"></a><a title="Go to footnote 469-4" href="#Footnote_469-4" class="fnanchor">469-4</a> made answer, &#8220;<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, you may freely commend
+yourself to God or whom you will; for <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Malambruno</span>, though an enchanter,
+is a Christian, and works his enchantments with great circumspection,
+taking very good care not to fall out with any one.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_470" id="Page_470">[470]</a></span>&#8220;Well then,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;God and the most holy Trinity give me help!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Cover thine eyes, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;and mount; for one who
+sends for us from lands so far distant cannot mean to deceive us for the
+sake of the paltry glory to be derived from deceiving persons who trust
+in him; though all should turn out the contrary of what I hope, no
+malice will be able to dim the glory of having undertaken this exploit.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Let us be off, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;for I have taken the beards and
+tears of the ladies deeply to heart, and I shan&#8217;t eat a bite to relish
+it until I have seen them restored to their former smoothness. Mount,
+your worship, and blindfold yourself, for if I am to go on the croup, it
+is plain the rider in the saddle must mount first.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That is true,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> and, taking a handkerchief out of his
+pocket, he begged the Distressed One to bandage his eyes very carefully;
+but after having them bandaged he uncovered them, saying, &#8220;If my memory
+does not deceive me, I have read in Virgil of the Palladium of Troy, a
+wooden horse the Greeks offered to the goddess Pallas, which was big
+with armed knights, who afterwards destroyed Troy; so it would be as
+well to see, first of all, what <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span> has in his stomach.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;There is no occasion,&#8221; said the Distressed One; &#8220;I will be bail for
+him, and I know that <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Malambruno</span> has nothing tricky or treacherous about
+him; you may mount without any fear, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Se&ntilde;or Don Quixote</span>; on my head be it
+if any harm befalls you.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> thought that to say anything further with regard to his
+safety would be putting his<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_471" id="Page_471">[471]</a></span> courage in an unfavorable light; and so,
+without more words, he mounted <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span>, and tried the peg, which
+turned easily; and as he had no stirrups and his legs hung down, he
+looked like nothing so much as a figure in some Roman triumph painted or
+embroidered on a Flemish tapestry.</p>
+
+<p>Much against the grain, and very slowly, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> proceeded to mount, and,
+after settling himself as well as he could on the croup, found it rather
+hard and not at all soft, and asked the duke if it would be possible to
+oblige him with a pad of some kind, or a cushion; even if it were off
+the couch of his lady the duchess, or the bed of one of the pages; as
+the haunches of that horse were more like marble than wood. On this the
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Trifaldi</span> observed that <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span> would not bear any kind of harness or
+trappings, and that his best plan would be to sit sideways like a woman,
+as in that way he would not feel the hardness so much.</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> did so, and bidding them farewell, allowed his eyes to be
+bandaged, but immediately afterwards uncovered them again, and looking
+tenderly and tearfully on those in the garden, bade them help him in his
+present strait with plenty of Paternosters and Ave Marias, that God
+might provide some one to say as many for them, whenever they found
+themselves in a similar emergency.</p>
+
+<p>At this <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> exclaimed, &#8220;Art thou on the gallows, thief, or at
+thy last moment, to use pitiful entreaties of that sort? Cover thine
+eyes, cover thine eyes, abject animal, and let not thy fear escape thy
+lips, at least, in my presence.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Let them blindfold me,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;as you won&#8217;t let me commend
+myself or be commended to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_472" id="Page_472">[472]</a></span> God, is it any wonder if I am afraid there is
+a legion of devils about here that will carry us off?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>They were then blindfolded, and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> finding himself settled to
+his satisfaction, felt for the peg, and the instant he placed his
+fingers on it, all the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">duennas</span> and all who stood by lifted up their
+voices exclaiming, &#8220;God guide thee, valiant knight! God be with thee,
+intrepid squire! Now, now ye go cleaving the air more swiftly than an
+arrow! Now ye begin to amaze and astonish all who are gazing at you from
+the earth! Take care not to wobble about, valiant <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>! Mind thou fall
+not, for thy fall will be worse than that rash youth&#8217;s who tried to
+steer the chariot of his father the Sun!&#8221;<a name="Anchor_472-5" id="Anchor_472-5"></a><a title="Go to footnote 472-5" href="#Footnote_472-5" class="fnanchor">472-5</a></p>
+
+<p>As <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> heard the voices, clinging tightly to his master and winding
+his arms round him, he said, &#8220;<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Se&ntilde;or</span>, how do they make out we are going
+up so high, if their voices reach us here and they seem to be speaking
+quite close to us?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Don&#8217;t mind that, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>; &#8220;for as affairs of this
+sort and flights like this are out of the common course of things, you
+can see and hear as much as you like a thousand leagues off; but don&#8217;t
+squeeze me so tight or thou wilt upset me; and really I know not what
+thou hast to be uneasy or frightened at, for I can safely swear I never
+mounted a smoother-going steed all the days of my life; one would fancy
+we never stirred from one place. Banish fear, my friend, for indeed
+everything is going as it ought, and we have the wind astern.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s true,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;for such a strong wind comes against me on
+this side, that it seems<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_473" id="Page_473">[473]</a></span> as if the people were blowing on me with a
+thousand pair of bellows;&#8221; which was the case; they were puffing at him
+with a great pair of bellows; for the whole adventure was so well
+planned by the duke, the duchess, and their majordomo, that nothing was
+omitted to make it perfectly successful.</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> now, feeling the blast, said, &#8220;Beyond a doubt, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, we
+must have already reached the second region of the air, where the hail
+and snow are generated; the thunder, the lightning, and the thunderbolts
+are engendered in the third region, and if we go on ascending at this
+rate, we shall shortly plunge into the region of fire, and I know not
+how to regulate this peg, so as not to mount up where we shall be
+burned.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>And now they began to warm their faces, from a distance, with tow that
+could easily be set on fire and extinguished again, fixed on the end of
+a cane.</p>
+
+<p>On feeling the heat <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> said, &#8220;May I die if we are not already in
+that fire place, or very near it, for a good part of my beard has been
+singed, and I have a mind, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>, to uncover and see whereabouts we
+are.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Do nothing of the kind,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>; &#8220;remember the true story of
+the licentiate <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Torralva</span>, that the devils carried flying through the air
+riding on a stick with his eyes shut; who in twelve hours reached Rome
+and dismounted at <span lang="it" xml:lang="it">Torre di Nona,</span> which is a street of the city, and saw
+the whole sack and storming and the death of Bourbon, and was back in
+Madrid the next morning, where he gave an account of all he had seen;
+and he said, moreover, that as he was going through the air, the devil
+bade him open his eyes, and he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_474" id="Page_474">[474]</a></span> did so, and saw himself so near the body
+of the moon, so it seemed to him, that he could have laid hold of it
+with his hand, and that he did not dare to look at the earth lest he
+should be seized with giddiness. So that, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, it will not do for us
+to uncover ourselves, for he who has us in charge will be responsible
+for us; and perhaps we are gaining an altitude and mounting up to enable
+us to descend at one swoop on the Kingdom of Kandy, as the saker or
+falcon does on the heron, so as to seize it however high it may soar;
+and though it seems to us not half an hour since we left the garden,
+believe me we must have travelled a great distance.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The duke, the duchess, and all in the garden were listening to the
+conversation of the two heroes, and were beyond measure amused by it;
+and now, desirous of putting a finishing touch to this rare and
+well-contrived adventure, they applied a light to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o&#8217;s</span> tail with
+some tow, and the horse, being full of squibs and crackers, immediately
+blew up with a prodigious noise, and brought <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho
+Panza</span> to the ground half singed. By this time the bearded band of
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">duennas</span>, the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Trifaldi</span> and all, had vanished from the garden, and those
+that remained lay stretched on the ground as if in swoon. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>
+and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> got up rather shaken, and looking about them, were filled
+with amazement at finding themselves in the same garden from which they
+had started, and seeing such a number of people stretched on the ground;
+and their astonishment was increased when at one side of the garden they
+perceived a tall lance planted in the ground, and hanging from it by
+two<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_475" id="Page_475">[475]</a></span> cords of green silk, a smooth, white parchment on which there was
+the following inscription in large gold letters: &#8220;The illustrious <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span> of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">La Mancha</span> has, by merely attempting it, finished and
+concluded the adventure of the Countess <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Trifaldi</span>, otherwise called the
+Distressed <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Duenna;</span> <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Malambruno</span> is now satisfied on every point, the chins
+of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_476" id="Page_476">[476]</a></span> the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">duennas</span> are now smooth and clean, and when the squirely
+flagellation shall have been completed, the white dove shall find
+herself delivered from the pestiferous hawks that persecute her,<a name="Anchor_476-6" id="Anchor_476-6"></a><a title="Go to footnote 476-6" href="#Footnote_476-6" class="fnanchor">476-6</a>
+and in the arms of her beloved mate; for such is the decree of the sage
+Merlin, arch-enchanter of <a name="corr17" id="corr17"></a>enchanters.&#8221;</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 253px;">
+<a name="image66" id="image66"></a><a href="images/image66-full.png"><img src="images/image66.png" width="253" height="309" alt="Two people falling off an exploding wooden horse" title="THE HORSE BLEW UP, WITH A PRODIGIOUS NOISE" /></a>
+<span class="caption">THE HORSE BLEW UP, WITH A PRODIGIOUS NOISE</span>
+</div>
+
+<p>As soon as <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> had read the inscription on the parchment he
+perceived clearly that it referred to the disenchantment of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea</span>,
+and returning hearty thanks to Heaven that he had, with so little
+danger, achieved so grand an exploit as to restore to their former
+complexion the countenances of those venerable <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">duennas</span>, now no longer
+visible, he advanced towards the duke and duchess, who had not yet come
+to themselves, and taking the duke by the hand he said, &#8220;Be of good
+cheer, worthy sir, be of good cheer; it&#8217;s nothing at all; the adventure
+is now over and without any harm done, as the inscription fixed on this
+post shows plainly.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The duke came to himself slowly and like one recovering consciousness
+after a heavy sleep, and the duchess and all who had fallen prostrate
+about the garden did the same, with such demonstrations of wonder and
+amazement that they would have almost persuaded one that what they
+pretended so adroitly in jest had happened to them in reality. The duke
+read the placard with half-shut eyes, and then ran to embrace <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span> with open arms, declaring him to be the best knight that had
+ever been seen in any age. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> kept looking about<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_477" id="Page_477">[477]</a></span> for the Distressed
+One, to see what her face was like without the beard, and if she was as
+fair as her elegant person promised; but they told him that, the instant
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span> descended flaming through the air and came to the ground, the
+whole band of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">duennas</span> with the <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Trifaldi</span> vanished, and that they were
+already shaved and without a stump left.</p>
+
+<p>The duchess asked <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> how he had fared on that long journey, to which
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> replied, &#8220;I felt, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;ora</span>, that we were flying through the region
+of fire, as my master told me, and I wanted to uncover my eyes for a
+bit; but my master, when I asked leave to uncover myself, would not let
+me; but as I have a little bit of curiosity about me, and a desire to
+know what is forbidden and kept from me, quietly and without any one
+seeing me I drew aside the handkerchief covering my eyes ever so little,
+close to my nose, and from underneath looked towards the earth, and it
+seemed to me that it was altogether no bigger than a grain of mustard
+seed, and that the men walking on it were little bigger than hazel nuts;
+so you may see how high we must have got to them.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>To this the duchess said, &#8220;<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, my friend, mind what you are saying;
+it seems you could not have seen the earth, but only the men walking on
+it; it is plain that if the earth looked to you like a grain of mustard
+seed, and each man like a hazel nut, one man alone would have covered
+the whole earth.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That is true,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;but for all that I got a glimpse of a bit
+of one side of it, and saw it all.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_478" id="Page_478">[478]</a></span>&#8220;Take care, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,&#8221; said the duchess; &#8220;with a bit of one side one does
+not see the whole of what one looks at.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I don&#8217;t understand that way of looking at things,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;I only
+know that your ladyship will do well to bear in mind that as we were
+flying by enchantment, so I might have seen the whole earth and all the
+men by enchantment, whatever way I looked; and if you won&#8217;t believe
+this, no more will you believe that, uncovering myself nearly to the
+eyebrows, I saw myself so close to the sky that there was not a palm and
+a half between me and it; and by everything that I can swear by, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;ora</span>,
+it is mighty great! And it so happened we came by where the seven
+she-goats<a name="Anchor_478-7" id="Anchor_478-7"></a><a title="Go to footnote 478-7" href="#Footnote_478-7" class="fnanchor">478-7</a> are, and by God and upon my soul, as in my youth I was
+a goatherd in my own country, as soon as I saw them I felt a longing to
+be among them for a little, and if I had not given way to it I think I&#8217;d
+have burst. So I come and take, and what do I do? without saying
+anything to anybody, not even to my master, softly and quietly I got
+down from <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span> and amused myself with the goats&mdash;which are like
+violets, like flowers&mdash;for nigh three-quarters of an hour; and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span>
+never stirred or moved from one spot.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;And while the good <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> was amusing himself with the goats,&#8221; said the
+duke, &#8220;how did <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Se&ntilde;or Don Quixote</span> amuse himself?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>To which <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> replied, &#8220;As all these things and such like
+occurrences are out of the ordinary course of nature, it is no wonder
+that <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> says what he does; for my own part I can only<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_479" id="Page_479">[479]</a></span> say that I
+did not uncover my eyes, either above or below, nor did I see sky or
+earth or sea or shore. It is true I felt that I was passing through the
+region of the air, and even that I touched that of fire; but that we
+passed farther I cannot believe; for the region of fire being between
+the heaven of the moon and the last region of the air, we could not have
+reached that heaven where the seven she-goats <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> speaks of are
+without being burned; and as we were not burned, either <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> is lying
+or <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> is dreaming.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;I am neither lying nor dreaming,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;only ask me the tokens
+of those same goats, and you&#8217;ll see by that whether I&#8217;m telling the
+truth or not.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Tell us them then, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,&#8221; said the duchess.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Two of them,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;are green, two blood-red, two blue, and one
+a mixture of all colors.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;An odd sort of goat, that,&#8221; said the duke; &#8220;in this earthly region of
+ours we have no such colors; I mean goats of such colors.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;That&#8217;s very plain,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;of course there must be a difference
+between the goats of heaven and the goats of the earth.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Tell me, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,&#8221; said the duke, &#8220;did you see any he-goat among those
+she-goats?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;but I have heard say that none ever passed the
+horns of the moon.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>They did not care to ask him anything more about his journey, for they
+saw he was in the vein to go rambling all over the heavens giving an
+account of everything that went on there, without having ever stirred
+from the garden. Such, in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_480" id="Page_480">[480]</a></span> short, was the end of the adventure of the
+Distressed <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Duenna,</span> which gave the duke and duchess laughing matter not
+only for the time being, but for all their lives, and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> something
+to talk about for ages, if he lived so long.</p>
+
+
+<h3 class="section">THE STORY OF THE LASHES</h3>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;It had been prophesied, by a pretended enchanter, that the
+Lady <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea del Toboso</span> could be freed from the enchantment under
+which a wicked magician had placed her, if <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> would of his own
+free will give himself three thousand three hundred lashes.</p></div>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="dropcaps"><span class="hide">S</span></span><span class="upper">ancho</span> went along anything but cheerful, and finally he said to his
+master, &#8220;Surely, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>, I&#8217;m the most unlucky doctor in the world;
+there&#8217;s many a physician that, after killing the sick man he had to
+cure, requires to be paid for his work, though it is only signing a bit
+of a list of medicines, that the apothecary and not he makes up, and,
+there, his labor is over; but with me, though to cure somebody else
+costs me drops of blood, smacks, pinches, pin-proddings, and whippings,
+nobody gives me a farthing.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Thou art right, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, my friend,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;and I can say
+for myself that if thou wouldst have payment for the lashes on account
+of the disenchantment of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea</span>, I would have given it to thee freely
+ere this. I am not sure, however, whether payment will comport with the
+cure, and I would not have the reward interfere with the medicine.
+Still, I think there will be nothing lost by trying it; consider how
+much thou wouldst have,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_481" id="Page_481">[481]</a></span> <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, and whip thyself at once, and pay
+thyself down with thine own hand, as thou hast money of mine.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>At this proposal <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> opened his eyes and his ears a palm&#8217;s breadth
+wide, and in his heart very readily acquiesced in whipping himself, and
+said he to his master, &#8220;Very well then, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>, I&#8217;ll hold myself in
+readiness to gratify your worship&#8217;s wishes if I&#8217;m to profit by it; for
+the love of my wife and children forces me to seem grasping. Let your
+worship say how much you will pay me for each lash I give myself.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;If, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>,&#8221; replied <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;I were to requite thee as the
+importance and nature of the cure deserves, the treasures of Venice, the
+mines of Potosi, would be insufficient to pay thee. See what thou hast
+of mine, and put a price on each lash.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Of them,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;there are three thousand three hundred and odd;
+of these I have given myself five, the rest remain; let the five go for
+the odd ones, and let us take the three thousand three hundred, which at
+a quarter real apiece (for I will not take less though the whole world
+should bid) make three thousand three hundred quarter reals; the three
+thousand are one thousand five hundred half reals, which make seven
+hundred and fifty reals; and the three hundred make a hundred and fifty
+half reals, which come to seventy-five reals, which added to the seven
+hundred and fifty make eight hundred and twenty-five reals in all. These
+I will stop out of what I have belonging to your worship, and I&#8217;ll
+return home rich and content, though well whipped.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_482" id="Page_482">[482]</a></span>&#8220;O blessed <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>! O dear <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>!&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>; &#8220;how we shall be
+bound to serve thee, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea</span> and I, all the days of our lives that
+Heaven may grant us! If she returns to her lost shape (and it cannot be
+but that she will) her misfortune will have been good fortune, and my
+defeat a most happy triumph. But look here, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; when wilt thou begin
+the scourging? For if thou wilt make short work of it, I will give a
+hundred reals over and above.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;When?&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;this night without fail. Let your worship order it
+so that we pass it out of doors and in the open air, and I&#8217;ll scarify
+myself.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Night, longed for by <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> with the greatest anxiety in the world,
+came at last. They made their way at length in among some pleasant trees
+that stood a little distance from the road, and there vacating
+<a name="corr18" id="corr18"></a><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante&#8217;s</span> saddle and Dapple&#8217;s pack-saddle, they stretched
+themselves on the green grass and made their supper off <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho&#8217;s</span> stores,
+and he, making a powerful and flexible whip out of Dapple&#8217;s halter and
+headstall, retreated about twenty paces from his master among some beech
+trees. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> seeing him march off with such resolution and
+spirit, said to him, &#8220;Take care, my friend, not to cut thyself to
+pieces; allow the lashes to wait for one another, and do not be in so
+great a hurry as to run thyself out of breath midway; I mean, do not lay
+on so strenuously as to make thy life fail thee before thou hast reached
+the desired number; and that thou mayest not lose by a card too much or
+too little, I will station myself apart and count on my rosary here the
+lashes thou<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_483" id="Page_483">[483]</a></span> givest thyself. May heaven help thee as thy good intention
+deserves.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;Pledges don&#8217;t distress a good paymaster,&#8217;&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;I mean to lay
+on in such a way as without killing myself to hurt myself, for in that,
+no doubt, lies the essence of this miracle.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>He then stripped himself from the waist upwards, and snatching up the
+rope he began to lay on and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> to count the lashes. He might
+have given himself six or eight when he began to think the joke no
+trifle, and its price very low; and holding his hand for a moment, he
+told his master that he cried off on the score of a blind bargain, for
+each of those lashes ought to be paid for at the rate of half a real
+instead of a quarter.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Go on, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, my friend, and be not disheartened,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>;
+&#8220;for I double the stakes as to price.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;In that case,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;in God&#8217;s hand be it, and let it rain
+lashes.&#8221; But the rogue no longer laid them on his shoulders, but laid on
+to the trees, with such groans every now and then, that one would have
+thought at each of them his soul was being plucked up by the roots. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span>, touched to the heart, and fearing he might make an end of
+himself, and that through <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho&#8217;s</span> imprudence he might miss his own
+object, said to him, &#8220;As thou livest, my friend, let the matter rest
+where it is, for the remedy seems to me a very rough one, and it will be
+well to have patience; Rome was not built in a day. If I have not
+reckoned wrong thou hast given thyself over a thousand lashes; that is
+enough for the present.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;No, no, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>,&#8221; replied <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>; &#8220;it shall never<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_484" id="Page_484">[484]</a></span> be said of me, &#8216;The
+money paid, the arms broken&#8217;; go back a little further, your worship, and
+let me give myself at any rate a thousand lashes more; for in a couple
+of bouts like this we shall have finished off the lot, with even cloth
+to spare.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;As thou art in such a willing mood,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> &#8220;may heaven aid
+thee; lay on and I&#8217;ll retire.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> returned to his task with so much resolution that he soon had the
+bark stripped off several trees, such was the severity with which he
+whipped himself; and one time, raising his voice, and giving a beech a
+tremendous lash, he cried out, &#8220;Here dies Samson, and all with him!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>At the sound of his piteous cry and of the stroke of the cruel lash, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don
+Quixote</span> ran to him at once, and seizing the twisted halter, said to him:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Heaven forbid, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> my friend, that to please me thou shouldst lose
+thy life, which is needed for the support of thy wife and children; let
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea</span> wait for a better opportunity, and I will have patience until
+thou hast gained fresh strength so as to finish off this business to the
+satisfaction of everybody.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;As your worship will have it so, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;or</span>,&#8221; said <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, &#8220;so be it; but
+throw your cloak over my shoulders, for I&#8217;m sweating and I don&#8217;t want to
+take cold; it&#8217;s a risk that novice disciplinants run.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> obeyed, and stripping himself covered <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span>, who slept
+until the sun woke him; they then resumed their journey, which for the
+time being they brought to an end at a village that lay three leagues
+farther on.</p>
+
+
+<div class="footnotes">
+<p><a name="Footnote_433-1" id="Footnote_433-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_433-1" class="label">433-1</a> The <em lang="es" xml:lang="es">olla</em> is the national dish of Spain, and is a stew
+composed of beef, bacon, sausage, chick-peas and cabbage, with any other
+meat or vegetables which may be on hand.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_434-2" id="Footnote_434-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_434-2" class="label">434-2</a> A <em lang="es" xml:lang="es">morion</em> is a helmet without visor or beaver for
+protecting the face.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_435-3" id="Footnote_435-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_435-3" class="label">435-3</a> Alexander the Great was so fond of his horse Bucephalus
+that when it died in India during Alexander&#8217;s sojourn there, he founded
+a city which he called Bucephalia, in honor of the steed.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_435-4" id="Footnote_435-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_435-4" class="label">435-4</a> The Cid was the greatest of Spanish heroes.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_436-5" id="Footnote_436-5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_436-5" class="label">436-5</a> <em lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocin</em> is, in Spanish, a horse used for labor, as
+distinguished from one kept for pleasure or for personal use; <em lang="es" xml:lang="es">ante</em>
+means <em>before</em>. Thus the name <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span> meant that the horse had
+formerly been a hack, or work horse.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_436-6" id="Footnote_436-6"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_436-6" class="label">436-6</a> Amadis de Gaul was the hero of one of the most
+celebrated romances of chivalry.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_438-1" id="Footnote_438-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_438-1" class="label">438-1</a> When <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> first set out on his quest of
+adventures, he was unattended. Having been forced, however, to return to
+his native town, he persuaded a peasant, <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho Panza</span> by name, to go
+with him and serve as his squire. While <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> was a hard-headed,
+practical man, he was carried away by <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote&#8217;s</span> promises of reward,
+and in time, through listening constantly to the Don&#8217;s conversation, he
+became almost as mad as his master.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_440-2" id="Footnote_440-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_440-2" class="label">440-2</a> Briareus was a famous giant of ancient mythology, who
+had fifty heads and one hundred arms.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_440-3" id="Footnote_440-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_440-3" class="label">440-3</a> By <em>sage</em> is here meant an enchanter or magician.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_441-1" id="Footnote_441-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_441-1" class="label">441-1</a> <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> had remained in terror through
+an entire night, fancying from the noise they heard that they were near
+some terrible danger. In the morning they found that this noise
+proceeded from some fulling mills in the neighborhood.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_442-2" id="Footnote_442-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_442-2" class="label">442-2</a> <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Mambrino</span> was a Moorish king, mentioned in some of the
+romantic poems which <cite lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</cite> is intended to burlesque. He
+possessed an enchanted golden helmet which rendered the wearer
+invulnerable, and which was naturally much sought after by all the
+knights. Rinaldo finally obtained possession of it. <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote,</span> whose
+helmet had been destroyed, had sworn that he would lead a life of
+particular hardship until he had made himself master of the wonderful
+helmet.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_445-3" id="Footnote_445-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_445-3" class="label">445-3</a> The <em>piece of eight</em> is equal to about one dollar of
+American money. The <em lang="es" xml:lang="es">maravedi</em> is a small copper coin, of the value of
+three mills in American money.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_446-4" id="Footnote_446-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_446-4" class="label">446-4</a> The <em>god of smithies</em> was the old Greek and Roman god
+Heph&aelig;stus, or Vulcan; the <em>god of battles</em> was Mars.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_446-5" id="Footnote_446-5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_446-5" class="label">446-5</a> <em lang="es" xml:lang="es">Martino</em> is a blunder of <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho&#8217;s</span> for <em lang="es" xml:lang="es">Mambrino</em>.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_448-1" id="Footnote_448-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_448-1" class="label">448-1</a> This was a gentlemanly person whom <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> had met
+on the road a short time before.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_462-1" id="Footnote_462-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_462-1" class="label">462-1</a> In certain rivers of Spain, floating mills, moored in
+mid-stream, were common.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_467-1" id="Footnote_467-1"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_467-1" class="label">467-1</a> This was the wicked enchanter who had caused the beards
+to grow.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_468-2" id="Footnote_468-2"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_468-2" class="label">468-2</a> This was the leader of the sorrowful bearded ladies.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_468-3" id="Footnote_468-3"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_468-3" class="label">468-3</a> The duke had promised to bestow on <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> the
+government of an island.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_469-4" id="Footnote_469-4"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_469-4" class="label">469-4</a> The name of the &#8220;Distressed One.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_472-5" id="Footnote_472-5"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_472-5" class="label">472-5</a> This was Pha&euml;ton, whose story is told in Volume II.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_476-6" id="Footnote_476-6"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_476-6" class="label">476-6</a> <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span> and <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho Panza</span> had been persuaded that
+<span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Dulcinea del Toboso,</span> <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote&#8217;s</span> lady, was under enchantment, from
+which she could not be released until <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho</span> had given himself three
+thousand three hundred lashes.</p>
+
+<p><a name="Footnote_478-7" id="Footnote_478-7"></a><a title="Return to text." href="#Anchor_478-7" class="label">478-7</a> The &#8220;seven she-goats&#8221; were the Pleiades.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_485" id="Page_485">[485]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2 class="chapterhead"><a name="PRONUNCIATION_OF_PROPER_NAMES" id="PRONUNCIATION_OF_PROPER_NAMES"></a>PRONUNCIATION OF PROPER NAMES</h2>
+
+
+<p class="opening"><span class="smcap">Note.</span>&mdash;The pronunciation of difficult words is indicated by respelling
+them phonetically. <em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">N</em> is used to indicate the French nasal sound; <em>K</em>,
+the sound of <em lang="de" xml:lang="de">ch</em> in German; <em>&uuml;</em>, the sound of the German <em lang="de" xml:lang="de">&uuml;</em>, and
+French <em lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">u</em>; <em>&ouml;</em>, the sound of <em>&ouml;</em> in foreign languages.</p>
+
+
+<ul class="vocab">
+  <li><a name="corr19" id="corr19"></a><span class="smcap">Act&aelig;on</span>, <em>ak tee&acute; on</em></li>
+  <li><a name="corr20" id="corr20"></a><span class="smcap">&AElig;neas Sylvius</span>, <em>ee nee&acute; as sil&acute; vy us</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Alleghanies</span>, <em>al&acute;&acute; le gay&acute; niz</em></li>
+  <li><a name="corr21" id="corr21"></a><span class="smcap">&AElig;schylus</span>, <em>es&acute; ky lus</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Amadis</span>, <em>am&acute; a dis</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Babieca</span>, <em>ba be ay&acute; ka</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Benoit</span>, <em>ben wah&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Bose</span>, <em>bo&acute; zeh</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Briareus</span>, <em>bri a&acute; re us</em></li>
+  <li><a name="corr22" id="corr22"></a><span class="smcap">Bucephalus</span>, <em>bu sef&acute; a lus</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="it" xml:lang="it">Casa Guidi</span>, <em>kah&acute; sa gwee&acute; dee</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Cervantes, Saavedra, Miguel de</span>, <em>sur van&acute; teez, sah ved&acute; ra, mee gayl&acute; deh</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Chingachgook</span>, <em>chin gahk&acute; gook</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Choteau</span>, <em>sho to&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Christiern</span>, <em>Kris&acute; tee urn</em></li>
+  <li><a name="corr23" id="corr23"></a><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Clavile&ntilde;o</span>, <em>klah ve lay&acute; nyo</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Don Quixote</span>, <em>don kwiks&acute; oat</em>, (Sp.) <em>don&acute;&acute; kee ho&acute; tay</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Du Chaillu</span>, <em>d&uuml; shay l&uuml;&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Hotel des Invalides</span>, <em>o tel&acute; day zaN&acute;&acute; va&acute;&acute; leed&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Mambrino</span>, <em>mam bree&acute; no</em></li>
+  <li><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_486" id="Page_486">[486]</a></span><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Martino</span>, <em>mar tee&acute; no</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Michael Arout</span>, (Fr.) <em>mee shel&acute; ah roo&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Mohicans</span>, <em>mo hee&acute; kanz</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Montcalm</span>, <em>mont cahm&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Ngobi</span>, <em>ngo&acute; bi</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Olaus Magnus</span>, <em>o lay&acute; us mag&acute; nus</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Oran</span>, <em>o rahn&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><a name="corr24" id="corr24"></a><span class="smcap">Orph&eacute;on</span>, <em>or fay oN&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Para</span>, <em>pah rah&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Paracelsus</span>, <em>par a sel&acute; sus</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Phaethon</span>, <em>fay&acute; eh thon</em></li>
+  <li><a name="corr25" id="corr25"></a><span class="smcap">Pleiades</span>, <em>plee&acute; ya deez</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Potosi</span>, <em>po to see&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Prairie du Chien</span>, <em>pray&acute; ree doo sheen&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Ptolemy</span>, <em>tol&acute; e my</em></li>
+  <li><a name="corr26" id="corr26"></a><span class="smcap">Quashquamme</span>, <em>quash guah&acute; me</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Quesada</span>, <em>kee sah&acute; da</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante</span>, <em>ro&acute;&acute; see nahn&acute; tay</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="de" xml:lang="de">Roderich vich Alpine</span>, <em>rod&acute; rick vick al&acute; pine</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"><abbr title="saint">St.</abbr> Germain</span>, <em>saN zher&acute;&acute; maN&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Sancho Panza</span>, <em>sang&acute; ko pan&acute; za</em>, (Sp.) <em>sahn&acute; cha pahn&acute; tha</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Sioux</span>, <em>soo</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Souvestre, Emile</span>, <em>soo&acute;&acute; vestr&acute;, ay meel&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><a name="corr27" id="corr27"></a><span class="smcap" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">T&ecirc;te Rouge</span>, <em>tate roozh</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Thoreau</span>, <em>tho&acute; ro</em>, or <em>tho ro&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr">Versailles</span>, <em>vur saylz&acute;</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap">Willamette</span>, <em>wil ah&acute; met</em></li>
+  <li><span class="smcap" lang="es" xml:lang="es">Xenil</span>, <em>hay&acute; neel</em></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<hr class="storybreak" />
+
+
+<div style="background-color: #EEE; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em;">
+<p class="center noindent"><a name="trans_note" id="trans_note"></a><b>Transcriber&rsquo;s&nbsp;Note</b></p>
+
+<p class="noindent">The following typographical errors have been corrected.</p>
+
+<table style="margin-left: 0%;" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="typos">
+<tr>
+  <td>Page</td>
+  <td>Error</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href="#corr1">24</a></td>
+  <td>Muleteeer changed to Muleteer</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr2">102</a></td>
+  <td>Neverthelesss changed to Nevertheless</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr3">107</a></td>
+  <td>hugh changed to huge</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr4">123</a></td>
+  <td>distiguish changed to distinguish</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr5">139</a></td>
+  <td>postion changed to position</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr6">191</a></td>
+  <td>fellow-ceatures changed to fellow-creatures</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr7">196</a></td>
+  <td>immeditatively changed to meditatively</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr8">219</a></td>
+  <td>and Tom Tolliver changed to and Tom Tulliver</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr9">267</a></td>
+  <td>miscroscope changed to microscope</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr10">314</a></td>
+  <td>acquintance changed to acquaintance</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr11">369</a></td>
+  <td>round, I take it. changed to round, I take it.&#8221;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr12">407</a></td>
+  <td>Goodnature changed to Good-nature</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr13">417</a></td>
+  <td>profundly changed to profoundly</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr14">420</a></td>
+  <td>Holden ready for the fight: changed to Holden ready for the fight.&#8221;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr15">442</a></td>
+  <td>out, answered changed to out,&#8221; answered</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr16">468</a></td>
+  <td>senora changed to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">se&ntilde;ora</span></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr17">476</a></td>
+  <td>of enchanters. changed to of enchanters.&#8221;</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr18">482</a></td>
+  <td>Rosinante&#8217;s saddle changed to <span lang="es" xml:lang="es">Rocinante&#8217;s</span> saddle</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr19">485</a></td>
+  <td>Actaeon changed to Act&aelig;on</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr20">485</a></td>
+  <td>Aeneas changed to &AElig;neas</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr21">485</a></td>
+  <td>Aeschyllus changed to &AElig;schylus</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr22">485</a></td>
+  <td>Buchephalus changed to Bucephalus</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr23">485</a></td>
+  <td>Clavileno changed to Clavile&ntilde;o</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr24">486</a></td>
+  <td>Orpheon changed to Orph&eacute;on</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr25">486</a></td>
+  <td>Pleiadas changed to Pleiades</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr26">486</a></td>
+  <td>Quashguamme changed to Quashquamme</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+  <td><a href="#corr27">486</a></td>
+  <td>Tete changed to T&ecirc;te</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="noindent">The following words had inconsistent spelling and hyphenation:</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">daylight / day-light<br />
+farmhouse / farm-house<br />
+firearms / fire-arms<br />
+highborn / high-born<br />
+homemade / home-made<br />
+lopsided / lop-sided<br />
+roadside / road-side<br />
+skylark / sky-lark<br />
+tipsy cake / tipsy-cake<br />
+tomorrow / to-morrow<br />
+upstream / up-stream<br />
+waterbreaker / water-breaker</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">Other comments</p>
+
+<p class="noindent">The footnote referred to by marker number 4 on page 30 was
+printed on page 31.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Journeys Through Bookland, Vol. 7, by 
+Charles H. Sylvester
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+</body>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Journeys Through Bookland, Vol. 7, by
+Charles H. Sylvester
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Journeys Through Bookland, Vol. 7
+
+Author: Charles H. Sylvester
+
+Release Date: November 7, 2007 [EBook #23405]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNEYS THROUGH BOOKLAND, VOL. 7 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Julia Miller, and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Note
+
+Obvious typographical errors have been corrected. A list of changes is
+found at the end of the book. Oe ligatures have been expanded.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: THE CANOE RACE]
+
+
+
+
+                    Journeys
+                Through Bookland
+
+
+               A NEW AND ORIGINAL
+        PLAN FOR READING APPLIED TO THE
+            WORLD'S BEST LITERATURE
+                  FOR CHILDREN
+
+                      _BY_
+             CHARLES H. SYLVESTER
+  _Author of English and American Literature_
+
+
+                  VOLUME SEVEN
+                  _New Edition_
+
+                 [Illustration]
+
+                    Chicago
+             BELLOWS-REEVE COMPANY
+                   PUBLISHERS
+
+
+
+
+  Copyright, 1922
+  BELLOWS-REEVE COMPANY
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+                                                                     PAGE
+  THE DAFFODILS                                 _William Wordsworth_    1
+  TO THE FRINGED GENTIAN                     _William Cullen Bryant_    4
+  TO A MOUSE                                          _Robert Burns_    5
+  TO A MOUNTAIN DAISY                                 _Robert Burns_    8
+  THE OLD OAKEN BUCKET                           _Samuel Wordsworth_   11
+  BANNOCKBURN                                         _Robert Burns_   15
+  BOAT SONG                                       _Sir Walter Scott_   17
+  THE GOVERNOR AND THE NOTARY                    _Washington Irving_   20
+  THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER              _Samuel T. Coleridge_   29
+  THE BLACK HAWK TRAGEDY                              _Edwin D. Coe_   58
+  THE PETRIFIED FERN                            _Mary Bolles Branch_   77
+  AN EXCITING CANOE RACE                        _J. Fenimore Cooper_   79
+  THE BUFFALO                                      _Francis Parkman_   96
+  THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE                  _Alfred Tennyson_  147
+  FOR A' THAT AND A' THAT                             _Robert Burns_  149
+  BREATHES THERE THE MAN                          _Sir Walter Scott_  151
+  HOW SLEEP THE BRAVE                              _William Collins_  151
+  QUEEN VICTORIA                                      _Anna McCaleb_  152
+  THE RECESSIONAL                                  _Rudyard Kipling_  164
+  THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER                       _Francis Scott Key_  167
+  HOW'S MY BOY?                                      _Sydney Dobell_  169
+  THE SOLDIER'S DREAM                              _Thomas Campbell_  170
+  MAKE WAY FOR LIBERTY                            _James Montgomery_  172
+  THE OLD CONTINENTALS                      _Guy Humphreys McMaster_  175
+  THE PICKET-GUARD                           _Mrs. Ethel Lynn Beers_  177
+  MY OLD KENTUCKY HOME                      _Stephen Collins Foster_  179
+  THE FORSAKEN MERMAN                               _Matthew Arnold_  180
+  TOM AND MAGGIE TULLIVER                             _George Eliot_  186
+  A GORILLA HUNT                                   _Paul du Chaillu_  247
+  THE CLOUD                                   _Percy Bysshe Shelley_  257
+  BRUTE NEIGHBORS                              _Henry David Thoreau_  260
+  ODE TO A SKYLARK                            _Percy Bysshe Shelley_  275
+  THE POND IN WINTER                           _Henry David Thoreau_  280
+  SALMON FISHING                                   _Rudyard Kipling_  285
+  WINTER ANIMALS                               _Henry David Thoreau_  293
+  TREES AND ANTS THAT HELP EACH OTHER                  _Thomas Belt_  306
+  THE FAMILY OF MICHAEL AROUT                      _Emile Souvestre_  314
+  ON THE RECEIPT OF MY MOTHER'S PICTURE             _William Cowper_  331
+  THOSE EVENING BELLS                                 _Thomas Moore_  340
+  ANNABEL LEE                                      _Edgar Allan Poe_  341
+  THE THREE FISHERS                               _Charles Kingsley_  343
+  THE REAPER'S DREAM                          _Thomas Buchanan Read_  345
+  THE RECOVERY OF THE HISPANIOLA            _Robert Louis Stevenson_  352
+  JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER                          _Grace E. Sellon_  381
+  WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT                                               391
+  TO A WATERFOWL                             _William Cullen Bryant_  395
+  OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES                            _Grace E. Sellon_  398
+  THE CUBES OF TRUTH                        _Oliver Wendell Holmes_   406
+  THE LOST CHILD                              _James Russell Lowell_  409
+  JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL                             _Grace E. Sellon_  411
+  A CHILD'S THOUGHT OF GOD              _Elizabeth Barrett Browning_  418
+  ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING                                          419
+  DON QUIXOTE                                            _Cervantes_  431
+
+  PRONUNCIATION OF PROPER NAMES                                       487
+
+For Classification of Selections, see General Index, at end of Volume X
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+                                                                     PAGE
+  THE CANOE RACE (Color Plate)              _R. F. Babcock_  FRONTISPIECE
+  A HOST OF GOLDEN DAFFODILS                     _Albert H. Winkler_    2
+  THE FRINGED GENTIAN                               _G. H. Mitchell_    4
+  THOU NEED NA START AWA                         _Albert H. Winkler_    6
+  ROBERT BURNS (Halftone)                                               8
+  THOU BONNY GEM                                 _Albert H. Winkler_    9
+  INCLINED TO MY LIPS                            _Herbert N. Rudeen_   12
+  THE NOTARY ENTERS THE CARRIAGE                     _R. F. Babcock_   26
+  HE CANNOT CHOOSE BUT HEAR (Heading)                _Donn P. Crane_   29
+  I SHOT THE ALBATROSS                               _Donn P. Crane_   33
+  AND STRAIGHT THE SUN WAS FLECKED WITH BARS         _Donn P. Crane_   38
+  I WATCHED THE WATER-SNAKES                         _Donn P. Crane_   42
+  THEY GROANED, THEY STIRRED, THEY ALL UPROSE        _Donn P. Crane_   45
+  SLOWLY AND SMOOTHLY WENT THE SKIP (Color Plate)    _Donn P. Crane_   48
+  "O SHRIEVE ME, SHRIEVE ME, HOLY MAN"               _Donn P. Crane_   55
+  I PASS FROM LAND TO LAND (Ending)                  _Donn P. Crane_   57
+  BLACK HAWK AND THE TWO RUFFIANS                    _R. F. Babcock_   63
+  THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN CROSSED THE RIVER           _R. F. Babcock_   71
+  HAWKEYE ON THE TRAIL                               _R. F. Babcock_   80
+  JAMES FENIMORE COOPER (Halftone)                                     82
+  HAWKEYE                                            _R. F. Babcock_   85
+  GRADUALLY I CAME ABREAST OF HIM                    _R. F. Babcock_  106
+  ONE VAST HOST OF BUFFALO                           _R. F. Babcock_  125
+  ON DUNE AND HEADLAND                              _G. H. Mitchell_  165
+  THE LITTLE GRAY CHURCH ON THE WINDY HILL         _Walter O. Reese_  181
+  "TOM'S COMING HOME!"                           _Herbert N. Rudeen_  188
+  "OH, HE IS CRUEL"                              _Herbert N. Rudeen_  199
+  "IS IT THE TIPSY CAKE, THEN?"                  _Herbert N. Rudeen_  206
+  "HERE, LUCY!"                                  _Herbert N. Rudeen_  224
+  "AH, YOU'RE FONDEST O' ME, AREN'T YOU?"        _Herbert N. Rudeen_  243
+  GORILLA WITH HER YOUNG                         _Herbert N. Rudeen_  251
+  THE BATTLE OF THE ANTS                         _Herbert N. Rudeen_  265
+  WATCHING FOR THE LOON                              _R. F. Babcock_  272
+  THE SKYLARK                                        _R. F. Babcock_  276
+  KNEELING TO DRINK                                  _R. F. Babcock_  281
+  SALMON FISHING (Color Plate)                       _R. F. Babcock_  286
+  THE RED SQUIRREL STEALING CORN                     _R. F. Babcock_  296
+  "HOW MUCH DO WE OWE YOU?"                      _Herbert N. Rudeen_  320
+  MICHAEL IS COME BACK                           _Herbert N. Rudeen_  326
+  "MY MOTHER!"                                  _Iris Weddell White_  336
+  IN HER SEPULCHRE THERE BY THE SEA                  _Donn P. Crane_  342
+  THE NIGHT RACK CAME ROLLING UP                    _G. H. Mitchell_  344
+  THE CRESCENT MOON WENT BY                         _G. H. Mitchell_  347
+  I LOOKED INTO THE CABIN                            _R. F. Babcock_  354
+  WHITTIER'S BIRTHPLACE (Color Plate)                                 382
+  JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER (Halftone)                                  386
+  WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT (Halftone)                                    392
+  THY FIGURE FLOATS ALONG                             _Jerome Rozen_  396
+  OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES (Halftone)                                    398
+  DOWN THE SUNNY GLADE                             _Walter O. Reese_  409
+  JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL (Halftone)                                     412
+  ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING (Halftone)                               420
+  DON QUIXOTE (Heading)                              _Donn P. Crane_  431
+  DON QUIXOTE TILTS WITH THE WINDMILLS               _Donn P. Crane_  439
+  "DEFEND THYSELF, MISERABLE BEING!"                 _Donn P. Crane_  444
+  THE LION PUT HIS HEAD OUT OF THE CAGE              _Donn P. Crane_  455
+  SANCHO FELL ON HIS KNEES                           _Donn P. Crane_  464
+  THE HORSE BLEW UP, WITH A PRODIGIOUS NOISE         _Donn P. Crane_  475
+
+
+
+
+THE DAFFODILS
+
+_By_ WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
+
+
+    I wandered lonely as a cloud
+      That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
+    When all at once I saw a crowd,--
+      A host of golden daffodils
+    Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
+    Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.
+
+    Continuous as the stars that shine
+      And twinkle on the Milky Way,
+    They stretched in never-ending line
+      Along the margin of a bay:
+    Ten thousand saw I, at a glance,
+    Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.
+
+    The waves beside them danced, but they
+      Outdid the sparkling waves in glee;
+    A poet could not but be gay
+      In such a jocund company;
+    I gazed--and gazed--but little thought
+    What wealth the show to me had brought.
+
+    For oft, when on my couch I lie,
+      In vacant or in pensive mood,
+    They flash upon that inward eye
+      Which is the bliss of solitude;
+    And then my heart with pleasure fills,
+    And dances with the daffodils.
+
+[Illustration: A HOST OF GOLDEN DAFFODILS]
+
+     When we look at this little poem we see at a glance that the
+     stanzas are all the same length, that the rhyme scheme is _ababcc_
+     (see "To My Infant Son," Vol. VI), and that the indentation at the
+     beginning of the lines corresponds with the rhymes. This poem,
+     then, is perfectly regular in form.
+
+     There are other things, however, which go to make up perfect
+     structure in a poem. First and foremost, the words are so arranged
+     that the accented syllables in any given line come at regular
+     intervals. Take, for instance, the first two lines of this poem.
+     Each line contains eight syllables. If you number these syllables
+     1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, you will see that it is the second one each
+     time that bears the accent, thus:
+
+       I wan'dered lone'ly as' a cloud'
+         That floats' on high' o'er vales' and hills'.
+
+     Now, if you read the four remaining lines of the stanza you will
+     see that in each one of these the second syllable bears the
+     accent, until you come to the last line, where in the word
+     _fluttering_, which, by the way, you pronounce _flutt'ring_, the
+     accent is on the first syllable. If the poet did not now and then
+     change the accent a little it would become tedious and monotonous.
+
+     It is a very simple matter, you see, to separate every line of
+     poetry into groups of syllables, and in every group to place one
+     accented syllable and one or more syllables that are not accented.
+     Such a group is called a _foot_. Thus in each of the first two
+     lines in this poem there are four _feet_. Each _foot_ contains an
+     accented and an unaccented syllable.
+
+     If you examine _To the Fringed Gentian_, _To a Mouse_, and _To a
+     Mountain Daisy_, the three poems which follow this, you will see
+     the same structure, except that in _To a Mouse_ and in _To A
+     Mountain Daisy_ there are some short lines and some double rhymes,
+     making the last foot a little different in character from the
+     others.
+
+     When a line of poetry is composed of two-syllable feet in which the
+     second syllable bears the accent we call that meter _iambic_. It is
+     the prevalent foot in English poetry, and if you examine the
+     different poems in these volumes you will be surprised to find out
+     how many of them are written substantially on the plan of _The
+     Daffodils_.
+
+     In naming the meter of a poem two things are considered: First the
+     _character_ of the feet, and second, the _number_ of feet. In this
+     poem the feet are iambic and there are four of them, consequently
+     we name the meter of this poem _iambic tetrameter_. Whenever you
+     hear those words you think of a poem whose meter is exactly like
+     that of _The Daffodils_.
+
+     These words seem long and hard to remember. It may help you to
+     remember them if you think that the word _iam'bic_ contains an
+     iambic foot.
+
+     In naming the meter we use the Greek numerals--_mono_ (one), _di_
+     (two), _tri_ (three), _tetra_ (four), _penta_ (five), _hexa_ (six),
+     _hepta_ (seven), and _octa_ (eight), and add to them the word
+     _meter_, thus: _Mo-nom'e-ter_, a line containing one foot,
+     _dim'e-ter_, _trim'e-ter_, _te-tram'e-ter_, _pen-tam'e-ter_,
+     _hex-am'e-ter_, _hep-tam'e-ter_, _and oc-tam'e-ter_.
+
+
+
+
+TO THE FRINGED GENTIAN
+
+_By_ WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
+
+
+    Thou blossom, bright with autumn dew,
+    And colored with the heaven's own blue,
+    That openest when the quiet light
+    Succeeds the keen and frosty night;
+
+[Illustration]
+
+    Thou comest not when violets lean
+    O'er wandering brooks and springs unseen,
+    Or columbines, in purple dressed,
+    Nod o'er the ground-bird's hidden nest.
+
+    Thou waitest late, and com'st alone,
+    When woods are bare and birds are flown,
+    And frosts and shortening days portend
+    The aged Year is near his end.
+
+    Then doth thy sweet and quiet eye
+    Look through its fringes to the sky,
+    Blue--blue--as if that sky let fall
+    A flower from its cerulean wall.
+
+    I would that thus, when I shall see
+    The hour of death draw near to me,
+    Hope, blossoming within my heart,
+    May look to heaven as I depart.
+
+
+
+
+TO A MOUSE
+
+ON TURNING HER UP IN HER NEST WITH THE PLOW, NOVEMBER, 1785
+
+_By_ ROBERT BURNS
+
+
+    Wee, sleekit,[5-1] cow'rin', tim'rous beastie,
+    O, what a panic's in thy breastie!
+    Thou need na start awa sae hasty,
+                          Wi' bickering brattle![5-2]
+    I wad be laith to rin an' chase thee,
+                          Wi' murdering pattle![5-3]
+
+    I'm truly sorry man's dominion
+    Has broken Nature's social union,
+    An' justifies that ill opinion
+                          Which makes thee startle
+    At me, thy poor earth-born companion,
+                          An' fellow-mortal!
+
+    I doubt na, whyles, but thou may thieve;
+    What then? poor beastie, thou maun live!
+    A daimen-icker[6-4] in a thrave[6-5]
+                          'S a sma' request:
+    I'll get a blessin' wi' the lave[6-6]
+                          And never miss't!
+
+[Illustration: THOU NEED NA START AWA]
+
+    Thy wee bit housie, too, in ruin!
+    Its silly wa's the win's are strewin'!
+    An' naething, now, to big a new ane,
+                          O' foggage[7-7] green!
+    An' bleak December's winds ensuin',
+                          Baith snell[7-8] and keen!
+
+    Thou saw the fields laid bare an' waste,
+    And weary winter comin' fast,
+    And cozie, here, beneath the blast,
+                          Thou thought to dwell,
+    Till crash! the cruel coulter[7-9] past
+                          Out thro' thy cell.
+
+    That wee bit heap o' leaves an' stibble,
+    Has cost thee mony a weary nibble!
+    Now thou's turn'd out, for a' thy trouble,
+                          But house or hald,[7-10]
+    To thole[7-11] the winter's sleety dribble,
+                          An' cranreuch[7-12] cauld!
+
+    But, Mousie, thou art no thy lane,[7-13]
+    In proving foresight may be vain;
+    The best-laid schemes o' mice an' men,
+                          Gang aft a-gley,[7-14]
+    An' lea'e us nought but grief and pain,
+                          For promis'd joy.
+
+    Still them are blest, compar'd wi' me!
+    The present only toucheth thee:
+    But, Och! I backward cast my e'e
+                          On prospects drear;
+    An' forward, tho' I canna see,[8-15]
+                          I guess an' fear.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[5-1] _Sleekit_ means _sly_.
+
+[5-2] _Brattle_ means a short race.
+
+[5-3] A _pattle_ is a scraper for cleaning a plow.
+
+[6-4] _Daimen-icker_ means an ear of corn occasionally.
+
+[6-5] A _thrave_ is twenty-four sheaves.
+
+[6-6] _Lave_ is the Scotch word for _remainder_.
+
+[7-7] _Foggage_ is coarse uncut grass.
+
+[7-8] _Snell_ means _sharp_.
+
+[7-9] The coulter is the sharp iron which cuts the sod before the plow.
+
+[7-10] _Hald_ means a resting place. _But_ here means _without_.
+
+[7-11] _Thole_ is the Scotch word for _endure_.
+
+[7-12] _Cranreuch_ is hoar-frost.
+
+[7-13] _No thy lane_ means _not alone_.
+
+[7-14] _Gang aft a-gley_ means _often go wrong_.
+
+[8-15] In this poem and the one _To a Mountain Daisy_, does the allusion
+to the poet's own hard fate add to or detract from the beauty of the
+composition? Do these allusions give any insight into his character?
+What was always uppermost in his mind?
+
+
+[Illustration: ROBERT BURNS
+1759-1796]
+
+
+
+
+TO A MOUNTAIN DAISY
+
+ON TURNING ONE DOWN WITH THE PLOUGH IN APRIL, 1786
+
+_By_ ROBERT BURNS
+
+
+    Wee, modest, crimson-tipped flower,
+    Thou's met me in an evil hour,
+    For I maun[8-1] crush amang the stoure[8-2]
+                    Thy slender stem;
+    To spare thee now is past my power,
+                    Thou bonny gem.
+
+    Alas! it's no thy neibor sweet,
+    The bonny lark, companion meet,
+    Bending thee' mang the dewy weet,
+                    Wi' spreckled[8-3] breast,
+    When upward springing, blithe, to greet
+                    The purpling east.
+
+    Cauld blew the bitter biting north
+    Upon thy early, humble birth;
+    Yet cheerfully thou glinted forth
+                    Amid the storm,
+    Scarce reared above the parent earth
+                    Thy tender form.
+
+[Illustration: THOU BONNY GEM]
+
+    The flaunting flowers our gardens yield,
+    High sheltering woods and wa's maun shield.
+    But thou beneath the random bield[9-4]
+                    O' clod or stane,
+    Adorns the histie[9-5] stibble-field,
+                    Unseen, alane.
+
+    There, in thy scanty mantle clad,
+    Thy snawie bosom sunward spread,
+    Thou lifts thy unassuming head
+                    In humble guise;
+    But now the share uptears thy bed,
+                    And low thou lies!
+
+    Such is the fate of artless maid,
+    Sweet floweret of the rural shade!
+    By love's simplicity betrayed,
+                    And guileless trust,
+    Till she, like thee, all soiled, is laid
+                    Low i' the dust.
+
+    Such is the fate of simple bard,
+    On life's rough ocean luckless starred!
+    Unskilful he to note the card
+                    Of prudent lore,
+    Till billows rage, and gales blow hard
+                    And whelm him o'er!
+
+    Such fate to suffering worth is given,
+    Who long with wants and woes has striven,
+    By human pride or cunning driven
+                    To misery's brink,
+    Till wrenched of every stay but Heaven,
+                    He, ruined, sink!
+
+    Even thou who mourn'st the daisy's fate,
+    That fate is thine,--no distant date:
+    Stern Ruin's ploughshare drives, elate,
+                    Full on thy bloom,
+    Till crushed beneath the furrow's weight,
+                    Shall be thy doom!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[8-1] _Maun_ is the Scotch word for _must_.
+
+[8-2] _Stoure_ is the Scotch name for dust.
+
+[8-3] _Spreckled_ is the Scotch and provincial English form of
+_speckled_.
+
+[9-4] _Bield_ means _shelter_.
+
+[9-5] _Histie_ means _dry_ or _barren_.
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD OAKEN BUCKET[11-1]
+
+_By_ SAMUEL WOODWORTH
+
+
+    How dear to my heart are the scenes of my childhood,
+      When fond[11-2] recollection presents them to view;
+    The orchard, the meadow, the deep, tangled wild-wood,
+      And every loved spot that my infancy[11-3] knew.
+    The wide-spreading pond, and the mill[11-4] that stood by it;
+      The bridge and the rock where the cataract fell;
+    The cot of my father, the dairy house[11-5] nigh it,
+      And e'en the rude bucket which hung in the well--
+    The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket,
+      The moss-covered bucket which hung in the well.
+
+    That moss-covered bucket I hail as a treasure;
+      For often at noon, when returned from the field,
+    I found it the source of an exquisite pleasure,
+      The purest and sweetest that nature can yield.
+    How ardent I seized it, with hands that were glowing,
+      And quick to the white-pebbled bottom it fell[12-6];
+    Then soon with the emblem of truth[12-7] overflowing,
+      And dripping with coolness it rose from the well--
+    The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket,
+      The moss-covered bucket arose from the well.
+
+[Illustration: INCLINED TO MY LIPS]
+
+    How sweet from the green mossy brim to receive it,
+      As poised on the curb,[12-8] it inclined to my lips!
+    Not a full blushing goblet[13-9] could tempt me to leave it,
+      Though filled with the nectar[13-10] that Jupiter sips.
+    And now, far removed from the loved situation,[13-11]
+      The tear of regret will oftentimes swell,
+    As fancy returns to my father's plantation,
+      And sighs for the bucket which hangs in the well--
+    The old oaken bucket, the iron-bound bucket,
+      The moss-covered bucket which hangs in the well.
+
+
+     If we compare _The Old Oaken Bucket_ with _The Daffodils_ (page 1),
+     we will see that the lines of the former are longer, and when we
+     read aloud a few lines from the one and compare the other, we see
+     that the movement is very different. In _The Old Oaken Bucket_ the
+     accents are farther apart, and the result is to make the movement
+     long and smooth, like that of a swing with long ropes.
+
+     Let us examine more closely the lines of _The Old Oaken Bucket_ in
+     a manner similar to that suggested on page 2, for _The Daffodils_.
+     If we place the accent on the proper syllables in the first four
+     lines, they will read as follows:
+
+       How dear'| to my heart'| are the scenes'| of my child'|hood,
+         When fond'| rec-ol-lec'|tion pre-sents'| them to view';
+       The or'|chard, the mead'|ow, the deep'| tan-gled wild'|-wood,
+         And ev'|'ry loved spot'| that my in'|fan-cy knew.'
+
+     The vertical lines above are drawn at the ends of the feet. How
+     many feet are there in the first line; how many in the second; how
+     many in the third; how many in the fourth? How many syllables in
+     the first foot in the first line? How many other feet do you find
+     containing the same number of syllables? How many syllables are
+     there in the second foot in the first line? How many other feet are
+     there containing the same number of syllables? Examine the feet
+     that contain three syllables. On which syllable is the accent
+     placed when there are three syllables in the foot? A poetic foot of
+     three syllables which bears the accent on the third syllable is
+     called an _anapestic_ foot. The meter of this poem, then is
+     _anapestic tetrameter_, varied by an added syllable in most of the
+     odd-numbered lines and by an iambic foot at the beginning of each
+     line.
+
+     Can you find any other poem in this volume in which the meter is
+     the same? Can you find such poems in other volumes?
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[11-1] Samuel Woodworth, the author of this familiar song, was an
+American, the editor of many publications and the writer of a great many
+poems; but no one of the latter is now remembered, except _The Old Oaken
+Bucket_.
+
+[11-2] This means that the author remembers fondly the scenes of his
+childhood, or remembers the things of which he was fond in his
+childhood.
+
+[11-3] As the term is used in the law-books, a person is an _infant_
+until he is twenty-one years of age; though, probably the word _infancy_
+here means the same as _childhood_.
+
+[11-4] Let us picture a large mill-pond with a race running out of one
+side of it past the old-fashioned mill, which has a big wooden water
+wheel on the outside of it.
+
+[11-5] The dairy house was probably a low, broad building through which
+the water from the stream ran. The milkpans were set on low shelves or
+in a trough so that the water could run around them and keep the milk
+cool.
+
+[12-6] If he could see the white-pebbled bottom of the well, it must
+have been a shallow one, or perhaps merely a square box built around a
+deep spring.
+
+[12-7] Water is usually spoken of as an emblem of _purity_, not of
+_truth_; but sometimes truth is spoken of as hiding at the bottom of a
+well.
+
+[12-8] The curb is the square box usually built around the mouth of the
+well to a height of a few feet, to protect the water from dirt.
+Sometimes three of the sides are carried up to a height of six or eight
+feet, and a roof is built over the whole, making a little house of the
+curb. The fourth side is left open, except for two or three feet at the
+bottom. In these old wells two buckets were often used. They were
+attached to a rope which ran over a wheel suspended from the roof of the
+well house. When a bucket was drawn up it was often rested on the low
+curb in front, while people drank from it.
+
+[13-9] _Blushing goblet_ alludes to wine or some other liquor that has a
+reddish color.
+
+[13-10] Nectar was the drink of the old Greek gods, of whom Jupiter was
+the chief.
+
+[13-11] _Situation_ and _plantation_ do not rhyme well, and _situation_
+is scarcely the right word to use. _Location_ would be better, so far as
+the meaning is concerned.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+BANNOCKBURN
+
+ROBERT BRUCE'S ADDRESS TO HIS ARMY
+
+_By_ ROBERT BURNS
+
+
+    Scots, wha hae wi' Wallace bled;
+    Scots, wham Bruce has aften led;
+    Welcome to your gory bed,
+      Or to glorious victorie!
+
+    Now's the day and now's the hour--
+    See the front o' battle lour;
+    See approach proud Edward's power--
+      Edward! chains and slaverie!
+
+    Wha will be a traitor knave?
+    Wha can fill a coward's grave?
+    Wha sae base as be a slave?
+      Traitor! coward! turn and flee!
+
+    Wha for Scotland's king and law
+    Freedom's sword will strongly draw!
+    Freeman stand or freeman fa',
+      Caledonian! on wi' me!
+
+    By oppression's woes and pains!
+    By our sons in servile chains!
+    We will drain our dearest veins,
+      But they shall be--shall be free!
+
+    Lay the proud usurpers low!
+    Tyrants fall in every foe!
+    Liberty's in every blow!
+      Forward! let us do or die!
+
+
+     On pages 2, and 13, of this volume we talked about the different
+     meters in which poetry is written. In iambic poetry each foot
+     contains two syllables, the second of which is accented. There is
+     another kind of foot composed of two syllables. In this the accent
+     falls on the first syllable. _Bannockburn_ gives examples of this.
+     To illustrate, we will rewrite the first stanza, using the words in
+     their English form, and mark off the feet and the accent:
+
+       Scots', who | have' with | Wal'-lace | bled',
+         Scots', whom | Bruce' has | of'-ten | led';
+       Wel'-come | to' your | go'-ry | bed',
+         Or' to | glo'rious | vic'-to | ry'.
+
+     Each one of these lines ends with an accented syllable, but that
+     may be disregarded in studying the feet. This foot is called the
+     _trochee_, and it will help you to remember it if you will think
+     that the word _tro'chee_ has two syllables and is accented on the
+     first. This poem, then, is in _trochaic trimeter_, with added
+     accented syllables at the ends of the lines. Read the other stanzas
+     carefully, throwing the accent prominently on the first syllable of
+     each foot.
+
+     When you read to bring out the meter of a poem you are said to be
+     _scanning_ it. When you are in the habit of scanning poetry you
+     will find that you can do it very nicely and without spoiling the
+     sound. At first you will probably accent the syllables too
+     strongly, and then people will say that you are reading in a
+     _sing-song_ way, a thing to be avoided. Of course you will
+     understand that the only way to bring out the meter of a poem is to
+     read it aloud, but after you have become familiar with the various
+     meters and have read aloud a great deal, you will be conscious of
+     the rhythm when you read to yourself. It is this consciousness of
+     rhythm that gives much of the enjoyment to those who love poetry,
+     even when they do not read it aloud.
+
+
+
+
+BOAT SONG
+
+_From_ LADY OF THE LAKE
+
+_By_ SIR WALTER SCOTT
+
+
+    Hail to the Chief who in triumph advances!
+      Honored and blest be the evergreen pine!
+    Long may the tree, in his banner that glances,
+      Flourish, the shelter and grace of our line!
+          Heaven send it happy dew,
+          Earth lend it sap anew,
+      Gayly to bourgeon, and broadly to grow,
+          While every Highland glen
+          Sends our shout back again,
+      "Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!"
+
+    Ours is no sapling, chance sown by the fountain,
+      Blooming at Beltane, in winter to fade;
+    When the whirlwind has stripped every leaf on the mountain
+      The more shall Clan Alpine exult in her shade.
+          Moored in the rifted rock,
+          Proof to the tempest's shock,
+      Firmer he roots him the ruder it blow:
+        Menteith and Breadalbane, then
+          Echo his praise again,
+      "Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!"
+
+    Proudly our pibroch has thrilled in Glen Fruin,
+      And Bannochar's groans to our slogan replied;
+    Glen Luss and Ross-dhu, they are smoking in ruin,
+      And the best of Loch-Lomond lie dead on her side.
+          Widow and Saxon maid
+          Long shall lament our raid,
+      Think of Clan Alpine with fear and with woe;
+          Lennox and Leven-glen
+          Shake when they hear again,
+      "Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!"
+
+    Row, vassals, row for the pride of the Highlands!
+      Stretch to your oars for the evergreen pine!
+    O that the rosebud that graces yon islands
+      Were wreathed in a garland around him to twine!
+          O that some seedling gem,
+          Worthy such noble stem,
+      Honored and blessed in their shadow might grow!
+          Loud should Clan Alpine then
+          Ring from her deepmost glen,
+      "Roderigh Vich Alpine dhu, ho! ieroe!"
+
+
+     The last of the common feet which we shall have to consider in
+     reading English poetry is called _dactyl_. This foot consists of
+     three syllables, the first of which is accented. Scott's _Boat
+     Song_ is a very fine example of _dactylic tetrameter_, in which the
+     last foot consists either of a _trochee_ (see page 16) or of a
+     single accented syllable. In every stanza there are four short
+     lines of _dactylic dimeter_. Study the four lines which we have
+     divided for you below:
+
+       Hail' to the | chief' who in | tri'umph ad|van'ces!
+         Hon'ored and | blest' be the | ev'er green | pine!'
+       Long' may the | tree', in his | ban'ner that | glan'ces,
+         Flou'rish, the | shel'ter and | grace' of our | line.'
+
+     This is one of the finest meters in which poetry may be written,
+     and one which you will learn to recognize and like whenever you see
+     it.
+
+     To assist you in remembering what we have said on this subject in
+     the four poems we have studied, we will give this brief outline:
+
+     Poetic feet
+
+     1. Consisting of two syllables:
+         _Iambic_, when the second syllable is accented.
+            Example: I wan'|dered lone|ly as'| a cloud'.
+         _Trochaic_, when the first syllable is accented.
+            Example: Scots', who | have' with | Wal'lace | bled'.
+
+     2. Consisting of three syllables:
+         _Anapestic_, when the third syllable is accented.
+            Example: How dear' | to my heart' | are the scenes' | of my
+                     child'|hood.
+         _Dactylic_, when the first syllable is accented.
+            Example: Hail' to the | chief' who in | tri'umph ad|van'ces.
+
+     There are two other feet which are found occasionally in English
+     poetry, namely the _spondee_, which has two accented syllables, and
+     the _amphilbrach_, which consists of three syllables with the
+     accent on the middle one.
+
+     Of course it is not necessary for you to know the names of these
+     different feet in order to enjoy poetry, but it is interesting
+     information. What you must do is to notice whenever you read poetry
+     the kind of feet that compose the lines and how many there are in
+     the line. After a while this becomes second nature to you, and
+     while you may not really pause to think about it at any time, yet
+     you are always conscious of the rhythm and remember that it is
+     produced by a fixed arrangement of the accented syllables. If you
+     would look over the poems in these volumes, beginning even with the
+     nursery rhymes, it would not take you long to become familiar with
+     all the different forms.
+
+     While study of this kind may seem tiresome at first, you will soon
+     find that you are making progress and will really enjoy it, and you
+     will never be sorry that you took the time when you were young to
+     learn to understand the structure of poetry.
+
+
+
+
+THE GOVERNOR AND THE NOTARY
+
+_By_ WASHINGTON IRVING
+
+
+In former times there ruled, as governor of the Alhambra[20-1], a
+doughty old cavalier, who, from having lost one arm in the wars, was
+commonly known by the name of El Gobernador Manco, or the one-armed
+governor. He in fact prided himself upon being an old soldier, wore his
+mustachios curled up to his eyes, a pair of campaigning boots, and a
+toledo[20-2] as long as a spit, with his pocket handkerchief in the
+basket-hilt.
+
+He was, moreover, exceedingly proud and punctilious, and tenacious of
+all his privileges and dignities. Under his sway, the immunities of the
+Alhambra, as a royal residence and domain, were rigidly exacted. No one
+was permitted to enter the fortress with firearms, or even with a sword
+or staff, unless he were of a certain rank, and every horseman was
+obliged to dismount at the gate and lead his horse by the bridle. Now,
+as the hill of the Alhambra rises from the very midst of the city of
+Granada, being, as it were, an excrescence of the capital, it must at
+all times be somewhat irksome to the captain-general, who commands the
+province, to have thus an _imperium in imperio_,[21-3] a petty,
+independent post in the very core of his domains. It was rendered the
+more galling in the present instance, from the irritable jealousy of the
+old governor, that took fire on the least question of authority and
+jurisdiction, and from the loose, vagrant character of the people that
+had gradually nestled themselves within the fortress as in a sanctuary,
+and from thence carried on a system of roguery and depredation at the
+expense of the honest inhabitants of the city. Thus there was a
+perpetual feud and heart-burning between the captain-general and the
+governor; the more virulent on the part of the latter, inasmuch as the
+smallest of two neighboring potentates is always the most captious about
+his dignity. The stately palace of the captain-general stood in the
+Plaza Nueva, immediately at the foot of the hill of the Alhambra, and
+here was always a bustle and parade of guards, and domestics, and city
+functionaries. A beetling bastion of the fortress overlooked the palace
+and the public square in front of it; and on this bastion the old
+governor would occasionally strut backward and forward, with his toledo
+girded by his side, keeping a wary eye down upon his rival, like a hawk
+reconnoitering his quarry from his nest in a dry tree.
+
+Whenever he descended into the city it was in grand parade, on
+horseback, surrounded by his guards, or in his state coach, an ancient
+and unwieldy Spanish edifice of carved timber and gilt leather, drawn
+by eight mules, with running footmen, outriders, and lackeys, on which
+occasions he flattered himself he impressed every beholder with awe and
+admiration as vicegerent of the king, though the wits of Granada were
+apt to sneer at his petty parade, and, in allusion to the vagrant
+character of his subjects, to greet him with the appellation of "the
+king of the beggars."
+
+One of the most fruitful sources of dispute between these two doughty
+rivals was the right claimed by the governor to have all things passed
+free of duty through the city, that were intended for the use of himself
+or his garrison. By degrees, this privilege had given rise to extensive
+smuggling. A nest of contrabandistas[22-4] took up their abode in the
+hovels of the fortress and the numerous caves in its vicinity, and drove
+a thriving business under the connivance of the soldiers of the
+garrison.
+
+The vigilance of the captain-general was aroused. He consulted his legal
+adviser and factotum, a shrewd, meddlesome Escribano or notary, who
+rejoiced in an opportunity of perplexing the old potentate of the
+Alhambra, and involving him in a maze of legal subtilities. He advised
+the captain-general to insist upon the right of examining every convoy
+passing through the gates of his city, and he penned a long letter for
+him, in vindication of the right. Governor Manco was a straightforward,
+cut-and-thrust old soldier, who hated an Escribano worse than the devil,
+and this one in particular, worse than all other Escribanoes.
+
+"What!" said he, curling up his mustachios fiercely, "does the
+captain-general set this man of the pen to practice confusions upon me?
+I'll let him see that an old soldier is not to be baffled by
+schoolcraft."
+
+He seized his pen, and scrawled a short letter in a crabbed hand, in
+which he insisted on the right of transit free of search, and denounced
+vengeance on any custom-house officer who should lay his unhallowed hand
+on any convoy protected by the flag of the Alhambra.
+
+While this question was agitated between the two pragmatical potentates,
+it so happened that a mule laden with supplies for the fortress arrived
+one day at the gate of Xenil, by which it was to traverse a suburb of
+the city on its way to the Alhambra. The convoy was headed by a testy
+old corporal, who had long served under the governor, and was a man
+after his own heart--as trusty and stanch as an old Toledo blade. As
+they approached the gate of the city, the corporal placed the banner of
+the Alhambra on the pack saddle of the mule, and drawing himself up to a
+perfect perpendicular, advanced with his head dressed to the front, but
+with the wary side glance of a cur passing through hostile grounds, and
+ready for a snap and a snarl.
+
+"Who goes there?" said the sentinel at the gate.
+
+"Soldier of the Alhambra," said the corporal, without turning his head.
+
+"What have you in charge?"
+
+"Provisions for the garrison."
+
+"Proceed."
+
+The corporal marched straight forward, followed by the convoy, but had
+not advanced many paces before a posse of custom-house officers rushed
+out of a small toll-house.
+
+"Halloo there!" cried the leader. "Muleteer, halt and open those
+packages."
+
+The corporal wheeled round, and drew himself up in battle array.
+"Respect the flag of the Alhambra," said he; "these things are for the
+governor."
+
+"A fig for the governor, and a fig for his flag. Muleteer, halt, I say."
+
+"Stop the convoy at your peril!" cried the corporal, cocking his musket.
+"Muleteer, proceed."
+
+The muleteer gave his beast a hearty thwack, the custom-house officer
+sprang forward and seized the halter; whereupon the corporal leveled his
+piece and shot him dead.
+
+The street was immediately in an uproar. The old corporal was seized,
+and after undergoing sundry kicks and cuffs, and cudgelings, which are
+generally given impromptu by the mob in Spain, as a foretaste of the
+after penalties of the law, he was loaded with irons, and conducted to
+the city prison; while his comrades were permitted to proceed with the
+convoy, after it had been well rummaged, to the Alhambra.
+
+The old governor was in a towering passion, when he heard of this insult
+to his flag and capture of his corporal. For a time he stormed about the
+Moorish halls, and vapored about the bastions, and looked down fire and
+sword upon the palace of the captain-general. Having vented the first
+ebullition of his wrath, he dispatched a message demanding the surrender
+of the corporal, as to him alone belonged the right of sitting in
+judgment on the offenses of those under his command. The
+captain-general, aided by the pen of the delighted Escribano, replied at
+great length, arguing that as the offense had been committed within the
+walls of his city, and against one of his civil officers, it was clearly
+within his proper jurisdiction. The governor rejoined by a repetition of
+his demand; the captain-general gave a surrejoinder of still greater
+length, and legal acumen; the governor became hotter and more peremptory
+in his demands, and the captain-general cooler and more copious in his
+replies; until the old lion-hearted soldier absolutely roared with fury
+at being thus entangled in the meshes of legal controversy.
+
+While the subtle Escribano was thus amusing himself at the expense of
+the governor, he was conducting the trial of the corporal; who, mewed up
+in a narrow dungeon of the prison, had merely a small grated window at
+which to show his iron-bound visage, and receive the consolations of his
+friends; a mountain of written testimony was diligently heaped up,
+according to Spanish form, by the indefatigable Escribano; the corporal
+was completely overwhelmed by it. He was convicted of murder, and
+sentenced to be hanged.
+
+It was in vain the governor sent down remonstrance and menace from the
+Alhambra. The fatal day was at hand, and the corporal was put _in
+capilla_, that is to say, in the chapel of the prison; as is always done
+with culprits the day before execution, that they may meditate on their
+approaching end and repent them of their sins.
+
+Seeing things drawing to an extremity, the old governor determined to
+attend to the affair in person. He ordered out his carriage of state
+and, surrounded by his guards, rumbled down the avenue of the Alhambra
+into the city. Driving to the house of the Escribano, he summoned him to
+the portal.
+
+The eye of the old governor gleamed like a coal at beholding the
+smirking man of the law advancing with an air of exultation.
+
+[Illustration: THE NOTARY ENTERS THE CARRIAGE]
+
+"What is this I hear," cried he, "that you are about to put to death one
+of my soldiers?"
+
+"All according to law--all in strict form of justice," said the
+self-sufficient Escribano, chuckling and rubbing his hands. "I can show
+your excellency the written testimony in the case."
+
+"Fetch it hither," said the governor.
+
+The Escribano bustled into his office, delighted with having another
+opportunity of displaying his ingenuity at the expense of the
+hard-headed veteran. He returned with a satchel full of papers, and
+began to read a long deposition with professional volubility. By this
+time a crowd had collected, listening with outstretched necks and gaping
+mouths.
+
+"Prithee man, get into the carriage out of this pestilent throng, that I
+may the better hear thee," said the governor. The Escribano entered the
+carriage, when in a twinkling the door was closed, the coachman smacked
+his whip, mules, carriage, guards, and all dashed off at a thundering
+rate, leaving the crowd in gaping wonderment, nor did the governor pause
+until he had lodged his prey in one of the strongest dungeons of the
+Alhambra.
+
+He then sent down a flag of truce in military style, proposing a cartel
+or exchange of prisoners, the corporal for the notary. The pride of the
+captain-general was piqued, he returned a contemptuous refusal, and
+forthwith caused a gallows, tall and strong, to be erected in the center
+of the Plaza Nueva, for the execution of the corporal.
+
+"Oho! is that the game?" said Governor Manco; he gave orders, and
+immediately a gibbet was reared on the verge of the great beetling
+bastion that overlooked the Plaza. "Now," said he, in a message to the
+captain-general, "hang my soldier when you please; but at the same time
+that he is swung off in the square, look up to see your Escribano
+dangling against the sky."
+
+The captain-general was inflexible; troops were paraded in the square;
+the drums beat; the bell tolled; an immense multitude of amateurs had
+collected to behold the execution; on the other hand, the governor
+paraded his garrison on the bastion, and tolled the funeral dirge of the
+notary from the Torre de la Campana, or tower of the bell.
+
+The notary's wife pressed through the crowd with a whole progeny of
+little embryo Escribanoes at her heels, and throwing herself at the feet
+of the captain-general implored him not to sacrifice the life of her
+husband and the welfare of herself and her numerous little ones to a
+point of pride.
+
+The captain-general was overpowered by her tears and lamentations, and
+the clamors of her callow brood. The corporal was sent up to the
+Alhambra under a guard, in his gallows garb, like a hooded friar; but
+with head erect and a face of iron. The Escribano was demanded in
+exchange, according to the cartel. The once bustling and self-sufficient
+man of the law was drawn forth from his dungeon, more dead than alive.
+All his flippancy and conceit had evaporated; his hair, it is said, had
+nearly turned gray with fright, and he had a downcast, dogged look, as
+if he still felt the halter round his neck.
+
+The old governor stuck his one arm akimbo, and for a moment surveyed him
+with an iron smile. "Henceforth, my friend," said he, "moderate your
+zeal in hurrying others to the gallows; be not too certain of your own
+safety, even though you should have the law on your side; and, above
+all, take care how you play off your schoolcraft another time upon an
+old soldier."
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[20-1] The Alhambra was the fortified palace, or citadel, of the Moorish
+kings when they reigned over Granada, in Spain. It was built in the
+thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, and is one of the most beautiful
+examples of Moorish architecture.
+
+[20-2] A toledo is a sword having a blade made at Toledo, in Spain, a
+place famous for blades of remarkably fine temper and great elasticity.
+
+[21-3] _Imperium in imperio_ is a Latin phrase meaning a _government
+within a government_.
+
+[22-4] _Contrabandista_ is a Spanish name for a smuggler.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+THE RIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER[29-*]
+
+_By_ SAMUEL T. COLERIDGE
+
+
+    PART I
+
+    It is an ancient Mariner,
+    And he stoppeth one of three.
+    "By thy long gray beard and glittering eye,
+    Now wherefore stopp'st thou me?
+
+    "The Bridegroom's doors are opened wide,
+    And I am next of kin;
+    The guests are met, the feast is set:
+    May'st hear the merry din."
+
+    He holds him with a skinny hand.
+    "There was a ship," quoth he.
+    "Hold off! unhand me, gray-beard loon!"
+    Eftsoons[30-1] his hand dropt he.
+
+    He holds him with his glittering eye--
+    The Wedding-guest stood still,
+    And listens like a three years' child:
+    The Mariner hath his will.
+
+    The Wedding-guest sat on a stone:
+    He cannot choose but hear;
+    And thus spake on that ancient man,
+    The bright-eyed Mariner:[30-2]--
+
+    "The ship was cheered, the harbour cleared,
+    Merrily did we drop
+    Below the kirk, below the hill,
+    Below the lighthouse top.
+
+    "The sun came up upon the left,[30-3]
+    Out of the sea came he!
+    And he shone bright, and on the right
+    Went down into the sea.
+
+    "Higher and higher every day,
+    Till over the mast at noon--"[30-4]
+    The Wedding-guest here beat his breast,
+    For he heard the loud bassoon.
+
+    The bride hath paced into the hall,
+    Red as a rose is she;
+    Nodding their heads before her goes
+    The merry minstrelsy.
+
+    The Wedding-guest he beat his breast,
+    Yet he cannot choose but hear;
+    And thus spake on that ancient man,
+    The bright-eyed Mariner:--
+
+    "And now the storm-blast came, and he
+    Was tyrannous and strong;
+    He struck with his o'ertaking wings,
+    And chased us south along.
+
+    "With sloping masts and dipping prow,
+    As who[31-5] pursued with yell and blow
+    Still treads the shadow of his foe[31-6],
+    And forward bends his head,
+    The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast,
+    And southward aye we fled.
+
+    "And now there came both mist and snow,
+    And it grew wondrous cold:
+    And ice, mast-high, came floating by,
+    As green as emerald.[32-7]
+
+    "And through the drifts, the snowy clifts[32-8]
+    Did send a dismal sheen:
+    Nor shapes of men nor beasts we ken--
+    The ice was all between.
+
+    "The ice was here, the ice was there,
+    The ice was all around:
+    It cracked and growled, and roared and howled,
+    Like noises in a swound![32-9]
+
+    "At length did cross an Albatross,
+    Thorough[32-10] the fog it came;
+    As if it had been a Christian soul,
+    We hailed it in God's name.[32-11]
+
+    "It ate the food it ne'er had eat,
+    And round and round it flew.
+    The ice did split with a thunder-fit;
+    The helmsman steered us through.
+
+[Illustration: I SHOT THE ALBATROSS]
+
+    "And a good south wind sprung up behind;[34-12]
+    The Albatross did follow,
+    And every day, for food or play,
+    Came to the mariner's hollo!
+
+    "In mist or cloud, on mast or shroud,
+    It perched for vespers nine;
+    Whiles all the night, through fog-smoke white,
+    Glimmered the white moonshine."
+
+    "God save thee, ancient Mariner,
+    From the fiends that plague thee thus!--
+    Why look'st thou so?"--"With my cross-bow
+    I shot the Albatross."
+
+
+    PART II
+
+    "The Sun now rose upon the right:[34-13]
+    Out of the sea came he,
+    Still hid in mist, and on the left
+    Went down into the sea.
+
+    "And the good south wind still blew behind,
+    But no sweet bird did follow,
+    Nor any day for food or play
+    Came to the mariner's hollo!
+
+    "And I had done a hellish thing,
+    And it would work 'em woe:
+    For all averred I had killed the bird
+    That made the breeze to blow,--
+    Ah wretch! said they, the bird to slay,
+    That made the breeze to blow.
+
+    "Nor dim, nor red, like God's own head,
+    The glorious Sun uprist:[35-14]
+    Then all averred I had killed the bird
+    That brought the fog and mist.
+    'Twas right, said they, such birds to slay,
+    That bring the fog and mist.[35-15]
+
+    "The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
+    The furrow followed free;[35-16]
+    We were the first that ever burst
+    Into that silent sea.
+
+    "Down dropt the breeze, the sails dropt down,
+    'Twas sad as sad could be;
+    And we did speak only to break
+    The silence of the sea!
+
+    "All in a hot and copper sky,
+    The bloody Sun, at noon,
+    Right up above the mast did stand,[35-17]
+    No bigger than the Moon.[35-18]
+
+    "Day after day, day after day,
+    We stuck, nor breath nor motion;
+    As idle as a painted ship
+    Upon a painted ocean.
+
+    "Water, water, everywhere,
+    And all the boards did shrink;
+    Water, water, everywhere,
+    Nor any drop to drink.
+
+    "The very deep did rot: O Christ!
+    That ever this should be!
+    Yea, slimy things did crawl with legs
+    Upon the slimy sea.
+
+    "About, about, in reel and rout[36-19]
+    The death-fires[36-20] danced at night;
+    The water, like a witch's oils,
+    Burnt green, and blue, and white.
+
+    "And some in dreams assured were
+    Of the Spirit that plagued us so;
+    Nine fathom deep he had followed us
+    From the land of mist and snow.
+
+    "And every tongue, through utter drought,
+    Was withered at the root;
+    We could not speak, no more than if
+    We had been choked with soot.
+
+    "Ah! well a day! what evil looks
+    Had I from old and young!
+    Instead of the cross, the Albatross
+    About my neck was hung.[36-21]
+
+
+    PART III
+
+    "There passed a weary time. Each throat
+    Was parched, and glazed each eye.
+    A weary time! a weary time!
+    How glazed each weary eye!
+    When looking westward, I beheld
+    A something in the sky.
+
+    "At first it seemed a little speck,
+    And then it seemed a mist:
+    It moved and moved, and took at last
+    A certain shape, I wist.[37-22]
+
+    "A speck, a mist, a shape, I wist!
+    And still it neared and neared:
+    As if it dodged a water-sprite,
+    It plunged, and tacked, and veered.
+
+    "With throats unslaked, with black lips baked
+    We could not laugh nor wail;
+    Through utter drought all dumb we stood!
+    I bit my arm, I sucked the blood,
+    And cried, A sail! a sail!
+
+    "With throats unslaked, with black lips baked,
+    Agape they heard me call:
+    Gramercy![37-23] they for joy did grin,[37-24]
+    And all at once their breath drew in,
+    As they were drinking all.
+
+[Illustration: AND STRAIGHT THE SUN WAS FLECKED WITH BARS]
+
+    "See! see! (I cried) she tacks no more!
+    Hither to work us weal;
+    Without a breeze, without a tide,
+    She steadies with upright keel!
+
+    "The western wave was all a-flame,
+    The day was well-nigh done!
+    Almost upon the western wave
+    Rested the broad, bright Sun;
+    When that strange shape drove suddenly
+    Betwixt us and the Sun.
+
+    "And straight the Sun was flecked with bars,
+    (Heaven's Mother send us grace!)
+    As if through a dungeon grate he peered
+    With broad and burning face.
+
+    "Alas! (thought I, and my heart beat loud)
+    How fast she nears and nears!
+    Are those her sails that glance in the Sun,
+    Like restless gossameres?[39-25]
+
+    "Are those her ribs through which the Sun
+    Did peer, as through a grate?
+    And is that Woman all her crew?
+    Is that a Death? and are there two?
+    Is Death that Woman's mate?
+
+    "Her lips were red, her looks were free,
+    Her locks were yellow as gold:
+    Her skin was as white as leprosy,
+    The Night-mare Life-in-Death was she,
+    Who thicks man's blood with cold.
+
+    "The naked hulk alongside came,
+    And the twain were casting dice;
+    'The game is done! I've won, I've won!'[39-26]
+    Quoth she, and whistles thrice.
+
+    "The Sun's rim dips: the stars rush out:
+    At one stride comes the dark;[40-27]
+    With far-heard whisper, o'er the sea,
+    Off shot the spectre-bark.
+
+    "We listened and looked sideways up!
+    Fear at my heart, as at a cup,
+    My life-blood seemed to sip!
+    The stars were dim, and thick the night,
+    The steersman's face by his lamp gleamed white;
+    From the sails the dew did drip--
+    Till clomb[40-28] above the eastern bar
+    The horned Moon,[40-29] with one bright star
+    Within the nether tip.
+
+    "One after one, by the star-dogged Moon,
+    Too quick for groan or sigh,
+    Each turned his face with a ghastly pang,
+    And cursed me with his eye.
+
+    "Four times fifty living men,
+    (And I heard nor sigh nor groan)
+    With heavy thump, a lifeless lump,
+    They dropped down one by one.
+
+    "The souls did from their bodies fly,--
+    They fled to bliss or woe!
+    And every soul, it passed me by,
+    Like the whiz of my cross-bow!"
+
+
+    PART IV
+
+    "I fear thee, ancient Mariner!
+    I fear thy skinny hand!
+    And thou art long, and lank and brown.
+    As is the ribbed sea-sand.[41-30]
+
+    "I fear thee and thy glittering eye,
+    And thy skinny hand so brown."
+    "Fear not, fear not, thou Wedding-guest!
+    This body dropt not down.
+
+    "Alone, alone, all, all alone,
+    Alone on a wide, wide sea!
+    And never a saint took pity on
+    My soul in agony.
+
+    "The many men, so beautiful!
+    And they all dead did lie:
+    And a thousand, thousand slimy things
+    Lived on; and so did I.
+
+    "I looked upon the rotting sea,
+    And drew my eyes away;
+    I looked upon the rotting deck,
+    And there the dead men lay.
+
+    "I looked to heaven, and tried to pray
+    But or ever a prayer had gusht,
+    A wicked whisper came, and made
+    My heart as dry as dust.
+
+    "I closed my lids, and kept them close,
+    And the balls like pulses beat;
+    For the sky and the sea, and the sea and the sky,[42-31]
+    Lay like a load on my weary eye,
+    And the dead were at my feet.
+
+    "The cold sweat melted from their limbs,
+    Nor rot nor reek did they:
+    The look with which they looked on me
+    Had never passed away.
+
+[Illustration: I WATCHED THE WATER-SNAKES]
+
+    "An orphan's curse would drag to hell
+    A spirit from on high;
+    But oh! more horrible than that
+    Is the curse in a dead man's eye!
+    Seven days, seven nights, I saw that curse,
+    And yet I could not die.
+
+    "The moving Moon went up the sky,
+    And nowhere did abide:
+    Softly she was going up,
+    And a star or two beside--
+
+    "Her beams bemock'd the sultry main,
+    Like April hoar-frost spread;
+    But where the ship's huge shadow lay,
+    The charmed water burnt alway
+    A still and awful red.
+
+    "Beyond the shadow of the ship,
+    I watched the water-snakes:
+    They moved in tracks of shining white,
+    And when they reared, the elfish light
+    Fell off in hoary flakes.
+
+    "Within the shadow of the ship
+    I watched their rich attire:
+    Blue, glossy green, and velvet black,
+    They coiled and swam; and every track
+    Was a flash of golden fire.
+
+    "O happy living things! no tongue
+    Their beauty might declare:
+    A spring of love gushed from my heart,
+    And I blessed them unaware:
+    Sure my kind saint took pity on me,
+    And I blessed them unaware.[43-32]
+
+    "The selfsame moment I could pray;
+    And from my neck so free
+    The Albatross fell off, and sank
+    Like lead into the sea."
+
+
+    PART V
+
+    "O sleep! it is a gentle thing,
+    Beloved from pole to pole!
+    To Mary Queen the praise be given!
+    She sent the gentle sleep from heaven,
+    That slid into my soul.
+
+    "The silly[44-33] buckets on the deck,
+    That had so long remained,
+    I dreamt that they were filled with dew;
+    And when I awoke, it rained.
+
+    "My lips were wet, my throat was cold,
+    My garments all were dank;
+    Sure I had drunken in my dreams,
+    And still my body drank.
+
+    "I moved, and could not feel my limbs:
+    I was so light--almost
+    I thought that I had died in sleep,
+    And was a blessed ghost.
+
+    "And soon I heard a roaring wind:
+    It did not come anear;
+    But with its sound it shook the sails,
+    That were so thin and sere.
+
+    "The upper air burst into life!
+    And a hundred fire-flags sheen,[44-34]
+    To and fro they were hurried about!
+    And to and fro, and in and out,
+    The wan stars danced between.
+
+    "And the coming wind did roar more loud,
+    And the sails did sigh like sedge:[45-35]
+    And the rain poured down from one black cloud:
+    The Moon was at its edge.
+
+[Illustration: THEY GROANED, THEY STIRRED, THEY ALL UPROSE]
+
+    "The thick black cloud was cleft, and still
+    The Moon was at its side:
+    Like waters shot from some high crag,
+    The lightning fell with never a jag,
+    A river steep and wide.
+
+    "The loud wind never reached the ship,
+    Yet now the ship moved on!
+    Beneath the lightning and the Moon
+    The dead men gave a groan.
+
+    "They groaned, they stirred, they all uprose,
+    Nor spake, nor moved their eyes;
+    It had been strange, even in a dream,
+    To have seen those dead men rise.
+
+    "The helmsman steered; the ship moved on;
+    Yet never a breeze up blew;
+    The mariners all 'gan work the ropes,
+    Where they were wont to do;
+    They raised their limbs like lifeless tools--
+    We were a ghastly crew.
+
+    "The body of my brother's son
+    Stood by me, knee to knee:
+    The body and I pulled at one rope,
+    But he said naught to me."
+
+    "I fear thee, ancient Mariner!"
+    "Be calm, thou Wedding-guest!
+    'Twas not those souls that fled in pain,
+    Which to their corses came again,
+    But a troop of spirits blest:
+
+    "For when it dawned--they dropped their arms,
+    And clustered round the mast;
+    Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths,
+    And from their bodies passed.
+
+    "Around, around, flew each sweet sound,
+    Then darted to the Sun;
+    Slowly the sounds came back again,
+    Now mixed, now one by one.
+
+    "Sometimes a-drooping from the sky
+    I heard the sky-lark sing;
+    Sometimes all little birds that are,
+    How they seemed to fill the sea and air
+    With their sweet jargoning!
+
+    "And now 'twas like all instruments,
+    Now like a lonely flute;
+    And now it is an angel's song,
+    That makes the heavens be mute.
+
+    "It ceased; yet still the sails made on
+    A pleasant noise till noon,
+    A noise like of a hidden brook
+    In the leafy month of June,
+    That to the sleeping woods all night
+    Singeth a quiet tune.
+
+    "Till noon we quietly sailed on,
+    Yet never a breeze did breathe:
+    Slowly and smoothly went the ship,
+    Moved onward from beneath.
+
+    "Under the keel nine fathom deep,
+    From the land of mist and snow,
+    The spirit slid: and it was he
+    That made the ship to go.
+    The sails at noon left off their tune,
+    And the ship stood still also.
+
+    "The Sun, right up above the mast,
+    Had fixed her to the ocean:
+    But in a minute she 'gan stir,
+    With a short, uneasy motion--
+    Backwards and forwards half her length
+    With a short, uneasy motion.
+
+    "Then like a pawing horse let go,
+    She made a sudden bound:
+    It flung the blood into my head,
+    And I fell down in a swound.
+
+    "How long in that same fit I lay,
+    I have not to declare;
+    But ere my living life returned,
+    I heard, and in my soul discerned,
+    Two voices in the air.
+
+    "'Is it he?' quoth one, 'Is this the man?
+    By him who died on cross,
+    With his cruel bow he laid full low
+    The harmless Albatross.
+
+    "'The spirit who bideth by himself
+    In the land of mist and snow,
+    He loved the bird that loved the man
+    Who shot him with his bow.'
+
+    "The other was a softer voice,
+    As soft as honey-dew:
+    Quoth he, 'The man hath penance done,
+    And penance more will do.'"
+
+[Illustration: SLOWLY AND SMOOTHLY WENT THE SHIP]
+
+
+    PART VI
+
+    _First Voice_
+
+    "'But tell me, tell me! speak again,
+    Thy soft response renewing--
+    What makes that ship drive on so fast?
+    What is the ocean doing?'
+
+    _Second Voice_
+
+    "'Still as a slave before his lord,
+    The ocean hath no blast;
+    His great bright eye most silently
+    Up to the Moon is cast--
+
+    "'If he may know which way to go;
+    For she guides him smooth or grim.
+    See, brother, see! how graciously
+    She looketh down on him.'
+
+    _First Voice_
+
+    "'But why drives on that ship so fast,
+    Without or wave or wind?'[49-36]
+
+    _Second Voice_
+
+    "'The air is cut away before,
+    And closes from behind.
+
+    "'Fly, brother, fly! more high, more high!
+    Or we shall be belated:
+    For slow and slow that ship will go,
+    When the mariner's trance is abated.'
+
+    "I woke, and we were sailing on
+    As in a gentle weather:
+    'Twas night, calm night, the Moon was high;
+    The dead men stood together.
+
+    "All stood together on the deck,
+    For a charnel-dungeon[50-37] fitter:
+    All fixed on me their stony eyes,
+    That in the Moon did glitter.
+
+    "The pang, the curse, with which they died,
+    Had never passed away:
+    I could not draw my eyes from theirs,
+    Nor turn them up to pray.
+
+    "And now this spell was snapt:[50-38] once more
+    I viewed the ocean green,
+    And looked far forth, yet little saw
+    Of what had else been seen--
+
+    "Like one, that on a lonesome road
+    Doth walk in fear and dread,
+    And having once turned round walks on,
+    And turns no more his head;
+    Because he knows a frightful fiend
+    Doth close behind him tread.
+
+    "But soon there breathed a wind on me,
+    Nor sound nor motion made:
+    Its path was not upon the sea,
+    In ripple or in shade.
+
+    "It raised my hair, it fanned my cheek
+    Like a meadow-gale of spring--
+    It mingled strangely with my fears,
+    Yet it felt like a welcoming.
+
+    "Swiftly, swiftly flew the ship,
+    Yet she sailed softly too:
+    Sweetly, sweetly blew the breeze--
+    On me alone it blew.
+
+    "Oh! dream of joy! is this indeed
+    The lighthouse top I see?
+    Is this the hill? is this the kirk?
+    Is this mine own countree?
+
+    "We drifted o'er the harbour-bar,
+    And I with sobs did pray--
+    O let me be awake, my God!
+    Or let me sleep alway.
+
+    "The harbour-bay was clear as glass,
+    So smoothly it was strewn!
+    And on the bay the moonlight lay,
+    And the shadow of the Moon.
+
+    "The rock shone bright, the kirk no less,
+    That stands above the rock:
+    The moonlight steeped in silentness
+    The steady weathercock.
+
+    "And the bay was white with silent light,
+    Till, rising from the same,
+    Full many shapes, that shadows were,
+    In crimson colours came.
+
+    "A little distance from the prow
+    Those crimson shadows were:
+    I turned my eyes upon the deck--
+    O Christ! what saw I there!
+
+    "Each corse lay flat, lifeless and flat,
+    And, by the holy rood![52-39]
+    A man all light, a seraph-man,
+    On every corse there stood.
+
+    "This seraph-band, each waved his hand:
+    It was a heavenly sight!
+    They stood as signals to the land.
+    Each one a lovely light;
+
+    "This seraph-band, each waved his hand:
+    No voice did they impart--
+    No voice; but oh! the silence sank
+    Like music on my heart.[52-40]
+
+    "But soon I heard the dash of oars,
+    I heard the Pilot's cheer;
+    My head was turned perforce away,
+    And I saw a boat appear.
+
+    "The Pilot and the Pilot's boy,
+    I heard them coming fast:
+    Dear Lord in Heaven! it was a joy
+    The dead men could not blast.
+
+    "I saw a third--I heard his voice:
+    It is the Hermit good!
+    He singeth loud his godly hymns
+    That he makes in the wood.
+    He'll shrieve my soul, he'll wash away
+    The Albatross's blood."
+
+
+    PART VII
+
+    "This Hermit good lives in that wood
+    Which slopes down to the sea.
+    How loudly his sweet voice he rears!
+    He loves to talk with marineres
+    That come from a far countree.
+
+    "He kneels at morn, and noon, and eve--
+    He hath a cushion plump:
+    It is the moss that wholly hides
+    The rotted old oak-stump.
+
+    "The skiff-boat neared: I heard them talk,
+    'Why, this is strange, I trow!
+    Where are those lights so many and fair,
+    That signal made but now?'
+
+    "'Strange, by my faith!' the Hermit said--
+    'And they answered not our cheer.
+    The planks look warped! and see those sails,
+    How thin they are and sere!
+    I never saw aught like to them,
+    Unless perchance it were
+
+    "'Brown skeletons of leaves that lag
+    My forest-brook along;
+    When the ivy-tod[53-41] is heavy with snow,
+    And the owlet whoops to the wolf below,
+    That eats the she-wolf's young.'
+
+    "'Dear Lord! it hath a fiendish look!'
+    (The Pilot made reply)
+    'I am a-feared'--'Push on, push on!'
+    Said the Hermit cheerily.
+
+    "The boat came closer to the ship,
+    But I nor spake nor stirred;
+    The boat came close beneath the ship,
+    And straight a sound was heard.
+
+    "Under the water it rumbled on,
+    Still louder and more dread:
+    It reached the ship, it split the bay;
+    The ship went down like lead.
+
+    "Stunned by that loud and dreadful sound,
+    Which sky and ocean smote,
+    Like one that hath been seven days drowned
+    My body lay afloat;
+    But swift as dreams, myself I found
+    Within the Pilot's boat.
+
+    "Upon the whirl where sank the ship,
+    The boat spun round and round;
+    And all was still, save that the hill
+    Was telling of the sound.
+
+    "I moved my lips--the Pilot shrieked
+    And fell down in a fit;
+    The holy Hermit raised his eyes,
+    And prayed where he did sit.
+
+    "I took the oars: the Pilot's boy,
+    Who now doth crazy go,
+    Laughed loud and long, and all the while
+    His eyes went to and fro.
+    'Ha! ha!' quoth he, 'full plain I see,
+    The Devil knows how to row.'
+
+    "And now, all in my own countree,
+    I stood on the firm land!
+    The Hermit stepped forth from the boat,
+    And scarcely he could stand.
+
+[Illustration: 'O SHRIEVE ME, SHRIEVE ME, HOLY MAN']
+
+    "'O shrieve me, shrieve me, holy man!'
+    The Hermit crossed his brow.
+    'Say quick,' quoth he, 'I bid thee say--
+    What manner of man art thou?'
+
+    "Forthwith this frame of mine was wrenched
+    With a woeful agony,
+    Which forced me to begin my tale;
+    And then it left me free.
+
+    "Since then, at an uncertain hour,
+    That agony returns:
+    And till my ghastly tale is told,
+    This heart within me burns.
+
+    "I pass, like night, from land to land;
+    I have strange power of speech;
+    The moment that his face I see,
+    I know the man that must hear me:
+    To him my tale I teach.
+
+    "What loud uproar bursts from that door!
+    The wedding-guests are there:
+    But in the garden-bower the bride
+    And bridesmaids singing are:
+    And hark the little vesper bell,
+    Which biddeth me to prayer!
+
+    "O Wedding-guest! This soul hath been
+    Alone on a wide, wide sea:
+    So lonely 'twas, that God himself
+    Scarce seemed there to be.
+
+    "O sweeter than the marriage feast,
+    'Tis sweeter far to me,
+    To walk together to the kirk
+    With a goodly company!
+
+    "To walk together to the kirk,
+    And all together pray,
+    While each to his great Father bends,
+    Old men, and babes, and loving friends,
+    And youths and maidens gay!
+
+    "Farewell, farewell! but this I tell
+    To thee, thou Wedding-guest!
+    He prayeth well, who loveth well
+    Both man and bird and beast.
+
+    "He prayeth best, who loveth best
+    All things both great and small;
+    For the dear God who loveth us,
+    He made and loveth all."[57-42]
+
+    The Mariner, whose eye is bright,
+    Whose beard with age is hoar,
+    Is gone: and now the Wedding-guest
+    Turned from the bridegroom's door.
+
+    He went like one that hath been stunned,
+    And is of sense forlorn:
+    A sadder and a wiser man,
+    He rose the morrow morn.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[29-*] NOTE.--In 1798 there was published in England a little volume of
+poems known as _Lyrical Ballads_. This collection brought to its two
+young authors, Wordsworth and Coleridge, little immediate fame, but not
+long afterward people began to realize that much that was contained in
+the little book was real poetry, and great poetry. The chief
+contribution of Coleridge to this venture was _The Ancient Mariner_.
+
+The poem as originally printed had a series of quaintly explanatory
+notes in the margin, and an introductory argument which read as follows:
+
+"How a ship having passed the Line, was driven by storms to the cold
+Country towards the South Pole; and how from thence she made her course
+to the tropical latitudes of the great Pacific Ocean, and of the strange
+things that befell; and in what manner the Ancient Mariner came back to
+his own country."
+
+[30-1] _Eftsoons_ means _quickly_. The poem is written in ballad form,
+and many quaint old words are introduced.
+
+[30-2] Such rhymes as this--_Mariner_ with _hear_,--were common in the
+old ballads which Coleridge so perfectly imitates.
+
+[30-3] Does this line tell you anything about the direction in which
+they were sailing?
+
+[30-4] Where was the ship when the sun stood "over the mast at noon"?
+
+[31-5] Two words are to be understood in this line--"As _one_ who _is_
+pursued."
+
+[31-6] Is not this an effective line? Can you think of any way in which
+the closeness of the foe could be more effectively suggested?
+
+[32-7] Coleridge's wonderful power of painting word-pictures is shown in
+this and the succeeding stanzas. With the simplest language he makes us
+realize the absolute lonesomeness and desolateness of the scene: he
+produces in us something of the same feeling of awe and horror that we
+should have were we actually in the situation he describes.
+
+[32-8] _Clifts_ means _cleft rocks_.
+
+[32-9] "Like noises _one hears_ in a swound."
+
+[32-10] _Thorough_ is used here instead of _through_, as it often is in
+poetry, for the sake of the meter.
+
+[32-11] Besides the joy the sailors felt at seeing a living creature
+after the days in which they had seen "nor shapes of men nor beasts,"
+they had a special pleasure in welcoming the albatross because it was
+regarded as a bird of good omen.
+
+[34-12] Coleridge does not state that it was the albatross that brought
+the "good south wind:" he lets us infer it.
+
+[34-13] In what direction were they sailing now?
+
+[35-14] _Uprist_ is an old form for _uprose_.
+
+[35-15] It was this attitude of the sailors toward the mariner's brutal
+act of killing the bird that brought punishment upon them; they cared
+nothing for the death of the harmless bird, but only for its effect upon
+them.
+
+[35-16] Note the striking alliteration in these two lines. Read this
+stanza and the succeeding one aloud, and see how much easier it is to
+read these alliterative lines rapidly than it is any of the other six
+lines. Such relation of movement to meaning is one of the artistic
+things about the poem.
+
+[35-17] How far northward had the ship returned?
+
+[35-18] When such a definite picture is presented, close your eyes and
+try to see it. Did you ever see the sun when it seemed to have no
+radiance--when it was just a red circle?
+
+[36-19] A rout is a confused and whirling dance.
+
+[36-20] The death-fires are a sort of phosphorescent light, or
+will-o'-the-wisp, supposed to portend death.
+
+[36-21] The shipmates try in this manner to fasten all the guilt on the
+ancient mariner and mark him alone for punishment.
+
+[37-22] _Wist_ means _knew_.
+
+[37-23] _Gramercy_ is an exclamation derived from the French _grand
+merci_, which means _great thanks_.
+
+[37-24] In a comment on _The Ancient Mariner_ Coleridge says: "I took
+the thought of 'grinning for joy' from my companion's remark to me, when
+we had climbed to the top of Plinlimmon, and were nearly dead with
+thirst. We could not speak from the constriction, till we found a little
+puddle under a stone. He said to me: 'You grinned like an idiot.' He had
+done the same."
+
+[39-25] Gossameres are the cobweb-like films seen floating in the air in
+summer.
+
+[39-26] Death and Life-in-Death have been casting dice for the crew, as
+to whether they shall die, or live and suffer. Life-in-Death has won the
+ancient mariner.
+
+[40-27] This is Coleridge's beautiful way of telling us that in the
+tropics there is little or no twilight.
+
+[40-28] _Clomb_ is an old form of _climbed_.
+
+[40-29] That is, the waning moon. Did you ever see the moon "with one
+bright star within the nether tip"?
+
+[41-30] In his notes on the poem, Coleridge stated that the last two
+lines of this stanza were composed by Wordsworth.
+
+[42-31] Can you see any reason for the repetition in this line, and for
+the unusual length? Does it suggest the _load_ and the _weariness_ in
+the next line?
+
+[43-32] This is the turning point of the poem. As soon as the mariner
+felt in his heart love for the "happy living things," the spell which
+had been laid on him for the wanton slaying of the albatross began to
+break. In the third stanza from the end of the poem, this point is
+clearly brought out.
+
+[44-33] _Silly_ here means _helpless, useless_.
+
+[44-34] _Sheen_ means bright, _glittering_.
+
+[45-35] Note this fine alliterative line.
+
+[49-36] The mariner has been thrown into a trance, for the ship is being
+driven northward faster than a human being could endure.
+
+[50-37] A charnel-dungeon is a vault or chamber underneath or near a
+church, where the bones of the dead are laid.
+
+[50-38] The sin is finally expiated.
+
+[52-39] The holy rood is the holy cross.
+
+[52-40] "The silence sank like music on my heart," is among the
+beautiful lines that you will often hear quoted.
+
+[53-41] An ivy-tod is a thick clump of ivy.
+
+[57-42] A friend of Coleridge's once told him that she admired _The
+Ancient Mariner_, but had a serious fault to find with it--it had no
+moral. Do you think, as you read this stanza, that her objection was a
+valid one?
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE BLACK HAWK TRAGEDY[58-1]
+
+_By_ EDWIN D. COE
+
+
+I do not pose as an Indian lover. In fact the instincts and impressions
+of my early life bent me in the opposite direction. My father's log
+house, in which I was born, stood within a few rods of Rock River, about
+forty-five miles west of this city. The stream was the boundary line, in
+a half-recognized way, between two tribes of Indians, and a common
+highway for both. I well remember their frequent and unheralded entries
+into our house, and their ready assumption of its privileges. I can see
+them yet--yes, and smell them, too. In some unventilated chamber of my
+rather capacious nostrils an abiding breath of that intense,
+all-conquering odor of fish, smoke and muskrat, which they brought with
+them, still survives. I well remember their impudent and sometimes
+bullying demeanor; and the horror of one occasion I shall never forget,
+when a stalwart Winnebago, armed with a knife, tomahawk and gun, seized
+my mother by the shoulder as she stood by her ironing table, and shook
+her because she said she had no bread for him. I wrapped myself in her
+skirts and howled in terror. Having been transplanted from the city to
+the wilderness, she had a mortal fear of Indians, but never revealed it
+to them. She had nerve, and resolution as well; and this particular
+fellow she threatened with her hot flat-iron and drove him out of the
+house. So you see I have no occasion for morbid or unnatural sympathy
+with any of the Indian kind.
+
+Black Hawk was born in 1767 at Saukenuk. His father was the war chief of
+the nation and a very successful leader. Young Black Hawk inherited his
+martial spirit and conducted himself so valorously in battle that he was
+recognized as a brave when only fifteen years old. He was enthusiastic
+and venturesome, and before the close of his twentieth year had led
+several expeditions against the Osages and Sioux. It was his boast that
+he had been in a hundred Indian battles and had never suffered defeat.
+
+Life passed pleasantly with Black Hawk and his tribe at Saukenuk for
+many years. The location combined all the advantages possible for their
+mode of existence. When Black Hawk was taken to Washington after his
+capture in 1832, he made an eloquent and most pathetic speech at one of
+the many interviews which he held with the high officials of the
+government. He said: "Our home was very beautiful. My house always had
+plenty. I never had to turn friend or stranger away for lack of food.
+The island was our garden. There the young people gathered plums,
+apples, grapes, berries and nuts. The rapids furnished us fish. On the
+bottom lands our women raised corn, beans and squashes. The young men
+hunted game on the prairie and in the woods. It was good for us. When I
+see the great fields and big villages of the white people, I wonder why
+they wish to take our little territory from us."
+
+We are apt to regard the agriculture of the Indians as of small moment,
+but the Sauks and Foxes cultivated three thousand acres on the peninsula
+between the Rock and the Mississippi. Black Hawk said it was eight
+hundred acres, but the measurement of the cornfields shows that the area
+was nearly four times that. Of this the Foxes, who were much the smaller
+and weaker tribe, farmed five hundred acres; they also occupied
+considerable land on the opposite side of the Mississippi, where the
+city of Davenport now stands. These lands were all fenced with posts and
+rails, the latter being held in place by bark withes. The barrier was
+sufficient to keep the ponies out of the corn, but their lately acquired
+razor-back hogs gave them more trouble. The work of preparing a field
+for their planting involved much labor. The women heaped the ground into
+hills nearly three feet high, and the corn was planted in the top for
+many successive years without renewing the hills. Accordingly a field
+was much more easily prepared on the mellow bottom lands than on the
+tough prairie sod. They raised three kinds of corn: a sweet corn for
+roasting ears, a hard variety for hominy and a softer for meal. They
+also cultivated beans, squashes, pumpkins, artichokes and some tobacco.
+The Sauks at one time sold three thousand bushels of corn to the
+government officials at Fort Crawford for their horses. The Winnebagoes
+at Lake Koshkonong sold four thousand bushels of corn to General
+Atkinson when he was pursuing Black Hawk in 1832. The hundreds of acres
+of corn hills still visible about the latter lake show how extensively
+that region was inhabited and farmed by the Indians.
+
+Aside from the devastating wars which the tribe carried on with their
+new enemies west of the great river, whereby their numbers were steadily
+reduced, no serious shadow fell upon their life at and about Rock Island
+till the year 1804. A French trader had established himself a few miles
+below on the Mississippi. The young braves and squaws delighted in
+visiting his place and were always sure of a dance in the evening. One
+night in that year an Indian killed one of the habitues of the place,
+the provocation being unbearable. A few weeks after demand was made that
+he be given up, and he was at once surrendered and taken to Saint Louis.
+
+Soon after, his relative, Quashquamme, one of the sub-chiefs of the
+tribe, and four or five other Sauks went to Saint Louis to work for his
+release. A bargain was made to the effect that a tract of land including
+parts of Iowa, Missouri, Wisconsin and Illinois, comprising fifty
+million acres, be ceded to the government, the consideration being the
+cancellation of a debt of $2,400, which the Indians owed trader Choteau,
+of Saint Louis, and a perpetual annuity of $1,000 thereafter. It was
+also tacitly agreed that the imprisoned Indian should be released. This
+part of the program was carried out, but the poor fellow had not gone
+three hundred feet before he was shot dead. We are sorry to say that
+General William Henry Harrison was the chief representative of the
+government in this one-sided treaty, though, of course, he knew nothing
+of the predetermined killing of the Indian prisoner. This treaty, made
+without due authority on the part of Quashquamme, was not accepted by
+the Sauks till 1816, when its ratification was made a side issue in an
+agreement which the government negotiated between the Sauks and the
+Osages or Sioux.
+
+Black Hawk always claimed that he had never consented to the sale of
+Saukenuk; and it is but fair to Quashquamme to say that he always
+insisted that his cession of land went only to the Rock--and therefore
+did not include Saukenuk--and not to the Wisconsin, as the whites
+asserted. I have been thus explicit, as the disagreement about this
+treaty led to the final conflict between the Sauks and the whites.
+
+One proposition of the original paper was that the Indians should be
+allowed to occupy all the territory as aforetime until it was surveyed
+and sold to settlers. Along in the '20's the frontier line rapidly
+approached the great river; and about 1823, when still fifty miles
+distant, squatters began to settle on the Indian lands at Saukenuk.
+Protest was made against this to the commander of Fort Armstrong (which
+was built on Rock Island in 1816) and to the government, but without
+avail.
+
+The squatters, relying for protection on the troops near by, perpetrated
+outrages of the most exasperating character. They turned their horses
+into the Indian cornfields, threw down fences, whipped one young woman
+who had pulled a few corn suckers from one of their fields to eat, while
+on her way to work, and finally two ruffians met Black Hawk himself one
+day as he was hunting on the river bottom and accused him of shooting
+their hogs. He indignantly denied it, but they snatched his rifle from
+his hand, wrenched the flint out, and then beat the old man with a
+hickory stick till the blood ran down his back, and he could not leave
+his house for days. Doubtless this indignity surpassed all other
+outrages in the proud old chief's estimation, and we can imagine him
+sitting in his cabin on the highest ground in the village, looking over
+the magnificent landscape, brooding upon the blight which had fallen
+upon the beautiful home of his tribe, and harboring thoughts of revenge.
+Still he refrained from open resistance till the spring of 1831.
+
+[Illustration: BLACKHAWK AND THE TWO RUFFIANS]
+
+It was the custom of the tribe to spend the winter months hunting and
+trapping in northeastern Missouri, returning in the spring to Saukenuk.
+This time they found the whites more aggressive than ever. They had
+fenced in the most of the cultivated land, plowed over the burying
+ground, and destroyed a number of houses. They received the Indians with
+hostile looks, but Black Hawk at last did what he ought to have done at
+first, ordered the squatters all off the peninsula. He then went to an
+island where a squatter sold liquor and had paid no heed to his
+entreaties not to sell to the Indians, and with a party of his braves
+knocked in the heads of the whisky barrels and poured their contents on
+the ground. The liquor vendor immediately hurried to Governor Reynolds,
+of Illinois, with his tale of woe and represented that Black Hawk was
+devastating the country with torch and tomahawk.
+
+Governor Reynolds at once issued a flamboyant proclamation calling for
+volunteers, and asked the United States authorities at Saint Louis for
+aid. A considerable body of regulars was dispatched up the river and
+reached Saukenuk before the volunteers. Black Hawk told his people to
+remain in their houses, and not to obey any orders to leave Saukenuk,
+for they had not sold their home and had done no wrong. But when he saw
+the undisciplined, lawless and wildly excited volunteers, who came a few
+days later, he told the people that their lives were in danger and they
+must go. Accordingly the next morning at an early hour all embarked in
+their canoes and crossed the Mississippi. They were visited there by the
+officials, and Black Hawk entered into an agreement to remain west of
+the river.
+
+Black Hawk's band spent the fall and winter, after their expulsion from
+Saukenuk, in great unhappiness and want. It was too late to plant corn,
+and they suffered from hunger. Their winter's hunt was unsuccessful, as
+they lacked ammunition, and many of their guns and traps had gone to pay
+for the whisky they had drunk before Black Hawk broke up the traffic. In
+the meantime Black Hawk was planning to recover Saukenuk by force. He
+visited Canada, but received little encouragement there, except sympathy
+and the assurance that his cause was just.
+
+Black Hawk's worst adviser was Neapope, his second in command, and a
+terrible liar. He also visited Canada and claimed that the British whom
+he had seen stood ready to help Black Hawk with men, arms and
+ammunition, and that a steamboat would bring them to Milwaukee in the
+spring. This was good news to the credulous old chief; and quite as
+acceptable as this was Neapope's story that the Winnebagoes and
+Pottawatomi would join in the campaign to secure his rights. Added to
+these encouragements were the entreaties of the homesick hungry women,
+who longed for their houses and cornfields at Saukenuk.
+
+Keokuk did his utmost to dissuade Black Hawk but in vain, and then he
+gave warning to the whites of Black Hawk's purpose. He feared that the
+whole nation might be drawn into the war if it was once started. Black
+Hawk's first move with his band in the spring of 1832 was to visit
+Keokuk's village, set up his war post and call for recruits. He wore a
+British uniform and displayed a British flag. This foolishness and
+gratification of vanity cost him dearly in the end. He made an
+impassioned speech and wrought the Indians up to such enthusiasm that
+they demanded that Keokuk join with Black Hawk. It was a critical moment
+for the young chief--even his life was in danger; but he was a more
+skillful master of oratory than even the eloquent Black Hawk, and,
+seeming at first to fall in with his plan, he gradually showed up its
+danger and its impracticable character, until at last he saved all his
+own party and even won a considerable number away from Black Hawk.
+
+On the 26th of April the Black Hawk band crossed the Mississippi several
+miles below Rock River. They numbered twelve hundred in all, less than
+four hundred being warriors, and these only partly armed. Their
+destination was Prophetstown, as Black Hawk's plan was to raise a crop
+there and go on the war path in the fall. The braves struck across the
+country, while the women, weak with famine, slowly paddled the canoes up
+against the swift current of the river. They reached Prophetstown late
+in April, the heavy rains which had swollen the rivers greatly impeding
+their progress. A marvelous feature of this journey across the territory
+which the whites claimed had been ceded to them, is the fact that not
+the slightest depredation was committed at any farm or house on the
+march. The inhabitants fled, but the hungry Indians touched none of the
+abundant food which they left behind. Not a gun was fired. Black Hawk
+had ordered that no offense be given, and he was strictly obeyed.
+
+Black Hawk was disappointed to find that the Winnebagoes were lukewarm
+as to his enterprise, and also reluctant to let him plant a crop,
+fearing to get into trouble with the government. He then pushed on to
+confer with the Pottawatomi, who had a village at Sycamore Creek about
+forty miles farther on. Here he found similar conditions; also he
+learned the falsity of the story that he could get aid from the British.
+
+He says that he then determined to return to Iowa and make the best of
+it there. But he was too late--Governor Reynolds had issued another
+proclamation, and two thousand volunteers besides a considerable body of
+regulars were on his trail. He had made a farewell dog feast for his
+Pottawatomi friends, when a scout brought news that about three hundred
+whites were going into camp five miles distant. This was a sort of
+independent command under Major Stillman, who had pushed ahead of the
+main body. It was composed of lawless, undisciplined material, and at
+that moment was suffering under the effects of drinking two barrels of
+whisky which the troops had poured down their throats rather than leave
+it on a wagon that was hopelessly stuck in the mud.
+
+Black Hawk directed three young braves to take a white flag, go to the
+camp, ask what the purpose of the command was, and to say that he
+desired a conference with them. He then sent five others on horseback to
+report the reception which the flag bearers met with. Three of them an
+hour later came at full speed into camp, reporting that the whites had
+surrounded the flag bearers and killed them and then chased the five who
+had followed, killing two of them, and were coming on in full force. All
+the devil in the old warrior's heart was roused by this brutal
+treachery, and calling on the forty warriors who were with him at the
+conference, the rest being in camp some miles away, he hastened to meet
+the enemy. Forming an ambush in the brush, the Indians fired their guns
+as the whites approached, just at nightfall, and rose up and charged
+with a wild yell. The drunken volunteers at once turned and fled, the
+panic gathering force as they went. The fugitives rushed through the
+camp pell-mell, and all who were left there joined in the stampede. In
+their desperate fear, every soldier thought every other an Indian and
+fired hither and yon. Eleven were killed, probably only one by the
+redskins. The survivors for the most part continued their flight,
+spreading the most exaggerated stories of the numbers and ferocity of
+the Indians, until they reached their several homes. As it proved, the
+three Indian flag bearers were not harmed till the stampede began, when
+one of them was shot by a soldier just mounting his horse to run. One of
+the surviving Indians immediately killed him with his tomahawk.
+
+This easy triumph changed Black Hawk's purpose. He regarded it as an
+omen of victory and determined to go on. But his strenuous efforts to
+enlist the Pottawatomi in the cause were unavailing. Old Chief Shaubenee
+had absolute control over them and steadily said "no." Even Chief Big
+Foot at the head of Lake Geneva refused. He was a drunken, sullen,
+brutal savage, but had given his word to keep the peace and did so,
+though he bitterly hated the whites and would have been glad to see the
+war go on. About one hundred reckless, lawless individuals of the
+Winnebago and Pottawatomi tribes joined Black Hawk, but gradually
+deserted him as his fortunes waned.
+
+Black Hawk was now anxious to take his women, children and old men to a
+place of safety, and, following the guidance of two Winnebagoes, they
+made their way up the Rock to Hustisford Rapids and there went into
+camp. Fish, game, clams, roots and the bark of trees constituted their
+food while there, but Black Hawk in his biography says they found it
+difficult to keep from starving. And, adding to their present misery,
+the thrifty, provident squaws saw another harvestless summer passing and
+a winter of famine before them. With his warriors he then returned to
+continue the contest. A few skirmishes and collisions took place along
+the line that now separates Wisconsin and Illinois, and predatory
+parties of Winnebagoes and Pottawatomi worked out their grudges and
+revenges on whites who had incurred their enmity. These outrages were
+numerous and were attributed to the Sauks, as their perpetrators
+expected would be the case. It is now believed that not a single case of
+the murder of an unarmed man or of a woman or child was justly
+chargeable to the Sauks.
+
+Governor Reynolds had called for a second levy of two thousand
+volunteers, and General Atkinson, with a considerable force of regulars,
+was in the field. All were under his command, and he followed Black
+Hawk, as the latter retired northward, with an army of four thousand,
+all mounted, fully twelve times as great in number as the starving band
+which he was pursuing. They camped near Beloit, camped at Milton, near
+the south end of Storr's Lake, and followed on cautiously to Lake
+Koshkonong, for Atkinson had a most wholesome regard for Black Hawk's
+prowess. At the lake they found an old blind Sauk who had been left
+behind. They gave him food, but a straggler coming along later shot him
+as he was crawling to a spring for water. His bones lay on the ground
+unburied for years after the country was settled, the skull having been
+hung on a bush. At the junction of the Bark and Rock rivers Atkinson
+went into utter bewilderment and uncertainty as to Black Hawk's
+whereabouts, and he finally built the stockade at the point which bears
+his name. He dispatched a considerable force under Colonels Alexander,
+Dodge and Henry to Portage for supplies. There they learned where Black
+Hawk's camp was; Henry and Dodge set out to attack it, while Alexander
+returned to Atkinson. The latter had heard that Black Hawk was in full
+force at Burnt Village on the Whitewater River, about four miles north
+of the location now occupied by the city bearing that name. He sent off
+messengers for the remainder of the army to join him for an attack.
+
+But in going and coming, the trail of Black Hawk and his entire band was
+discovered leading to the west. Henry and Dodge started in rapid
+pursuit, sending word to Atkinson that the game had been flushed. That
+doughty warrior had in the meantime learned that the Burnt Village story
+was a myth; and those of his men whose time had expired, broke ranks and
+returned to their homes, all believing that Black Hawk had finally
+escaped. The fugitive's trail crossed the site of the present city of
+Madison and also the University grounds, bearing thence northwest to the
+Wisconsin River. Singularly enough, Black Hawk struck this stream
+directly opposite the site of his people's ancient village of Prairie
+du Sac. Soon after leaving Fourth Lake the Indians discovered their
+pursuers and hastened their painful flight. All along the trail had been
+marked by evidences of their extremity: in the skeletons of ponies
+robbed of their flesh, in the trees stripped of bark for food, and the
+ground dug over for roots. To these proofs were now added kettles and
+blankets which the enfeebled women could no longer carry, and the dead
+bodies of famished papooses and old people.
+
+[Illustration: THE WOMEN AND CHILDREN CROSSED THE RIVER]
+
+About four o'clock in the afternoon, the rear guard of the Sauks was
+overtaken a few miles from the river. This was on the 21st day of July,
+and the troops had made a forced march of eighty miles in three days
+from the Rock to the Wisconsin, much of the way through swamps and dense
+forests. Until dark a series of skirmishes was maintained, the Indians
+skilfully forming new lines and holding the enemy back while the women
+and children were crossing the river. Black Hawk directed the fight
+while sitting on his pony, his stentorian voice reaching every part of
+the field. He always counted this battle as most creditable to his
+military genius, and there is reason for the claim, for he delayed the
+whites till the passage of the river was secured. Jefferson Davis, who
+was present, says that the squaws tore the bark off the trees and made
+little canoes in which to float their papooses and utensils across the
+river; and that half the braves swam the river holding their rifles in
+the air, while the rest kept the whites back, and then, having landed,
+fired on the whites from the other side, while the remaining braves
+crossed. Davis pronounced it the most brilliant defensive battle he ever
+witnessed.
+
+The next morning the Indians had disappeared, but during the night they
+had constructed a raft upon which a large number of the women and
+children and old men were placed and set adrift, hoping that they would
+be allowed to go down the river unmolested, and reach their late village
+in Iowa. But Colonel Dodge sent word ahead, and the soldiers at Fort
+Crawford lay in wait for them; and when the raft approached they fired
+upon the helpless creatures, killing a large number. A few were taken
+prisoners, but the rest were drowned or swam ashore and afterwards
+perished of hunger in the woods.
+
+Late in the night after the fight at Wisconsin Heights, a loud, shrill
+voice was heard from the eminence which Black Hawk had occupied during
+the conflict. It caused consternation at first among the whites, as it
+was thought to signify a night attack. But the voice continued in
+strong, impassioned harangue for more than an hour, eliciting, however,
+only jeers and an occasional rifle shot. It was afterwards learned that
+the orator was Neapope, speaking in the Winnebago tongue. He had seen a
+few Winnebagoes with the whites in the afternoon but did not know that
+they had gone away at nightfall. He told how they saw their great
+mistake in leaving Iowa, that they had their wives and children with
+them, that all were dying for want of food, and that they only asked to
+be allowed to go in peace; and they pledged themselves to return to
+Iowa, and never again come east of the river. Neapope was an orator of
+great power, and he presented his plea with all the eloquence of which
+he was master. But it fell on ears that understood not its purport. I
+know of no more pathetic incident in all the long chapter of human woe
+and despair than this pitiful prayer of a perishing people for mercy and
+forgiveness, spoken in a tongue that carried no meaning to those who
+heard. Let us hope that if the petition had been understood it would
+have been granted.
+
+The loss in the battle on the 21st had not been large on either side,
+and the Black Hawk band pursued their journey to the Mississippi
+without guides, through a rugged, trackless wilderness, sorrowing,
+suffering and despairing. The whites continued down the Wisconsin to
+Helena, where General Atkinson took command. Helena was a deserted
+village which had been built to carry on shot-making. The soldiers tore
+down the log houses and made rafts of the logs to cross the river. Five
+days in all were consumed before the Black Hawk trail was discovered,
+and then the pursuers were guided to it by crows and buzzards gathering
+in the air over the bodies of dead refugees left by the wayside.
+
+On the first of August the Indians reached the Mississippi and began
+crossing in two canoes. In the afternoon the steamer Warrior, which had
+been sent up from Fort Crawford to notify the Sioux Chief, Wabasha, one
+hundred and twenty miles above to look out for his enemy, Black Hawk,
+who was headed that way, stopped opposite the spot where the Indians had
+gathered. Black Hawk raised a white flag and tried to parley; but the
+captain assumed that it was an attempt to trap him and, without warning,
+fired into the Indians at short range with a cannon loaded with
+cannister. Thus a second time was the usage of all nations violated in
+this war by refusing to recognize the flag of truce. Twenty-three were
+killed by this discharge. There were twenty riflemen on the boat who
+then began firing, and the Sauks responded. The Warrior soon after
+steamed away to Fort Crawford, twenty miles below, and the Indians
+continued their efforts to cross the river, here three hundred rods wide
+and running a strong current. Some were drowned and others were carried
+down the stream on improvised rafts. A few of these were rescued at
+Prairie du Chien.
+
+The next day Atkinson appeared on the ground. Black Hawk seems to have
+been utterly demoralized and had told those who had not crossed that he
+was going to the Chippewa country, and that they had better follow. Only
+a few did so, and after going a few miles he turned back on August 2nd,
+just in time to see the closing scene of the massacre called the battle
+of Bad Axe.
+
+As Atkinson approached he was skilfully decoyed beyond the Indian camp
+some distance, but its location was finally discovered and a fierce
+onslaught was made. The poor wretches at first begged for quarter, but
+as the soldiers shot them down without discrimination, they fought for a
+time with desperation, and then men, women and children plunged into the
+river, the most of them to drown before reaching the other side. The
+steamer Warrior reappeared, and the sharpshooters fired at the swimmers,
+some of them women with babies on their backs. The incidents of the
+merciless slaughter are too harrowing for recital, and would be
+incredible if not thoroughly authenticated. It is difficult to
+understand the ferocity with which Black Hawk's band was pursued and
+destroyed. Probably the belief that he was still in the British service
+had much to do with it; also his first success at Stillman's Run, and
+the murder of the whites in Northern Illinois by marauders from other
+tribes, which were unjustly charged to him, may account for it in large
+part. About three hundred Indians succeeded in crossing the river, but
+their ill fate still pursued them. Their fierce enemy, Wabasha, was on
+their track, and before reaching the Iowa river half of the three
+hundred had been relentlessly slain. Of the twelve hundred who crossed
+the Mississippi in April, only one hundred and fifty, and they barely
+living skeletons, returned in August.
+
+Black Hawk gave himself up soon after the Bad Axe massacre to the
+Winnebagoes, and was surrendered to our officers at Prairie du Chien.
+Thence he was taken to Saint Louis, Washington, through the east, and
+back to Fort Armstrong, where he was delivered over to Keokuk, who
+became surety for his good behavior. Although always kindly treated by
+the latter, the old chief never ceased to be mindful of his
+subordination. For five years he brooded over his misfortunes and
+humiliation, and then died in his seventy-second year. Even his body was
+not allowed to rest in peace; it was stolen, and when the Indians
+discovered the theft and demanded the return of the bones, the building
+in which the skeleton was stored burned before it was delivered up, and
+only indistinguishable ashes remained.
+
+A word further is due the stalwart old chief, whose good qualities
+certainly surpassed his evil ones. He was honorable, brave, generous and
+magnanimous. He never permitted a captive to be tortured, and early gave
+up the practice of scalping the enemies he had slain. As a leader in
+Indian warfare he ranks high, and his final campaign had in its purpose
+the same comprehensive idea which actuated Tecumseh and Pontiac, that of
+a union of all Indian tribes; and he had the further intent of drawing
+in the British to enforce the treaty of 1815, which he claimed had been
+violated in his own case--the guarantee of immunity to all Indian allies
+of the British having been disregarded. Absolute honesty and
+truthfulness in business matters were among his characteristics. These
+he shared with his people generally. Colonel Davenport, who had a
+trading establishment on the island for many, many years, used often to
+go to dinner leaving his store full of Indians, and he said they never
+took so much as a clay pipe in his absence.
+
+Black Hawk was impulsive, hopeful and credulous, and so was easily
+imposed upon; he had an ardent love for the beauties of nature; he was
+deeply religious, and said that he never took a drink of water from a
+brook without sincere gratitude to the Great Spirit who cared for him.
+He was a tender husband and father, and, contrary to the usage of his
+tribe, married only one wife. When his father was killed he mourned and
+fasted five years. He did the same for two years, when a son and
+daughter died, eating only a little corn each evening, "hoping that the
+Great Spirit would take pity on him." We wish for the honor of our race
+that this poor savage whose only offense was that of loving his home too
+well to give it up without a struggle, had not gone out of life leaving
+such a red, indelible page on the book of history against us.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[58-1] The following account is taken from a paper read before the Loyal
+Legion at Milwaukee, May 6, 1896, by Mr. Coe.
+
+
+
+
+THE PETRIFIED FERN
+
+_By_ MARY BOLLES BRANCH
+
+    In a valley, centuries ago,
+      Grew a little fern-leaf, green and slender,
+      Veining delicate and fibres tender;
+    Waving when the wind crept down so low.
+      Rushes tall, and moss, and grass grew round it,
+      Playful sunbeams darted in and found it,
+      Drops of dew stole in by night, and crowned it,
+      But no foot of man e'er trod that way;
+      Earth was young, and keeping holiday.
+
+    Monster fishes swam the silent main,
+      Stately forests waved their giant branches,
+      Mountains hurled their snowy avalanches,
+    Mammoth creatures stalked across the plain;
+      Nature revelled in grand mysteries,
+      But the little fern was not of these,
+      Did not number with the hills and trees;
+      Only grew and waved its wild sweet way,
+      None ever came to note it day by day.
+
+    Earth one time put on a frolic mood,
+      Heaved the rocks and changed the mighty motion
+      Of the deep, strong currents of the ocean;
+    Moved the plain and shook the haughty wood,
+      Crushed the little fern in soft moist clay,--
+      Covered it, and hid it safe away.
+      O the long, long centuries since that day!
+      O the agony! O life's bitter cost,
+      Since that useless little fern was lost!
+
+    Useless? Lost? There came a thoughtful man
+      Searching Nature's secrets, far and deep;
+      From a fissure in a rocky steep
+    He withdrew a stone, o'er which there ran
+      Fairy pencilings, a quaint design,
+      Veinings, leafage, fibres clear and fine,
+      And the fern's life lay in every line!
+      So, I think, God hides some souls away,
+      Sweetly to surprise us, the last day.
+
+
+
+
+AN EXCITING CANOE RACE
+
+_By_ J. FENIMORE COOPER
+
+
+The heavens were still studded with stars when Hawkeye[79-1] came to
+arouse the sleepers. Casting aside their cloaks, Munro[79-2] and
+Heyward[79-3] were on their feet while the woodsman was still making his
+low calls at the entrance of the rude shelter where they had passed the
+night. When they issued from beneath its concealment, they found the
+scout awaiting their appearance nigh by, and the only salutation between
+them was the significant gesture for silence made by their sagacious
+leader.
+
+"Think over your prayers," he whispered, as they approached him; "for He
+to whom you make them knows all tongues; that of the heart, as well as
+those of the mouth. But speak not a syllable; it is rare for a white
+voice to pitch itself properly in the woods. Come," he continued,
+turning toward a curtain of the works; "let us get into the ditch on
+this side, and be regardful to step on the stones and fragments of wood
+as you go."
+
+[Illustration: HAWKEYE ON THE TRAIL]
+
+His companions complied, though to two of them the reasons of this
+extraordinary precaution were yet a mystery. When they were in the low
+cavity that surrounded the earthen fort on three of its sides, they
+found the passage nearly choked by the ruins. With care and patience,
+however, they succeeded in clambering after the scout until they reached
+the sandy shore of the Horicon.
+
+"That's a trail that nothing but a nose can follow," said the satisfied
+scout, looking back along their difficult way; "grass is a treacherous
+carpet for a flying party to tread on, but wood and stone take no print
+from a moccasin. Had you worn your armed boots, there might indeed have
+been something to fear; but with the deerskin suitably prepared, a man
+may trust himself, generally, on rocks with safety. Shove in the canoe
+nigher to the land, Uncas;[81-4] this sand will take a stamp as easily
+as the butter of the Jarmans on the Mohawk. Softly, lad, softly; it must
+not touch the beach, or the knaves will know by what road we have left
+the place."
+
+The young man observed the precaution; and the scout laying a board from
+the ruins to the canoe, made a sign for the two officers to enter. When
+this was done, everything was studiously restored to its former
+disorder; and then Hawkeye succeeded in reaching his little birchen
+vessel without leaving behind him any of those marks which he appeared
+so much to dread.
+
+"Now," continued the scout, looking back at the dim shore of William
+Henry, which was now fast receding, and laughing in his own silent but
+heartfelt manner; "I have put a trail of water atween us; and unless the
+imps can make friends with the fishes, and hear who has paddled across
+their basin this fine morning, we shall throw the length of the Horicon
+behind us before they have made up their minds which path to take."
+
+"With foes in front and foes in our rear, our journey is like to be one
+of danger."
+
+"Danger," repeated Hawkeye, calmly; "no, not absolutely of danger, for,
+with vigilant ears and quick eyes, we can manage to keep a few hours
+ahead of the knaves; or, if we must try the rifle, there are three of us
+who understand its gifts as well as any you can name on the borders. No,
+not of danger; but that we shall have what you may call a brisk push of
+it is probable; and it may happen a brush, a scrimmage, or some such
+divarsion, but always where covers are good and ammunition abundant."
+
+[Illustration: JAMES FENIMORE COOPER
+1789-1851]
+
+It is possible that Heyward's estimate of danger differed in some degree
+from that of the scout, for, instead of replying, he now sat in silence,
+while the canoe glided over several miles of water. Just as the day
+dawned, they entered the narrows of the lake[82-5], and stole swiftly
+and cautiously among their numberless little islands. It was by this
+road that Montcalm had retired with his army, and the adventurers knew
+not but he had left some of his Indians in ambush, to protect the rear
+of his forces and collect the stragglers. They therefore approached
+the passage with the customary silence of their guarded habits.
+Chingachgook[83-6] laid aside his paddle, while Uncas and the scout
+urged the light vessel through crooked and intricate channels, where
+every foot that they advanced exposed them to the danger of some sudden
+rising on their progress. The eyes of the sagamore moved warily from
+islet to islet and copse to copse as the canoe proceeded; and when a
+clearer sheet of water permitted, his keen vision was bent along the
+bald rocks and impending forests that frowned upon the narrow strait.
+
+Heyward, who was a doubly interested spectator as well from the beauties
+of the place as from the apprehension natural to his situation, was just
+believing that he had permitted the latter to be excited without
+sufficient reason, when the paddle ceased moving, in obedience to a
+signal from Chingachgook.
+
+"Ugh!" exclaimed Uncas, nearly at the moment that the light tap his
+father had made on the side of the canoe notified them of the vicinity
+of danger.
+
+"What now?" asked the scout; "the lake is as smooth as if the winds had
+never blown, and I can see along its sheets for miles; there is not so
+much as the black head of a loon dotting the water."
+
+The Indian gravely raised his paddle, and pointed in the direction in
+which his own steady look was riveted. Duncan's eyes followed the
+motion. A few rods in their front lay another of the low-wooded islets,
+but it appeared as calm and peaceful as if its solitude had never been
+disturbed by the foot of man.
+
+"I see nothing," he said, "but land and water; and a lovely scene it
+is."
+
+"Hist!" interrupted the scout. "Ay, sagamore, there is always a reason
+for what you do. 'Tis but a shade, and yet it is not natural. You see
+the mist, major, that is rising above the island; you can't call it a
+fog, for it is more like a streak of thin cloud----"
+
+"It is a vapor from the water."
+
+"That a child could tell. But what is the edging of blacker smoke that
+hangs along its lower side, and which you may trace down into the
+thicket of hazel? 'Tis from a fire; but one that, in my judgment, has
+been suffered to burn low."
+
+"Let us then push for the place, and relieve our doubts," said the
+impatient Duncan; "the party must be small that can lie on such a bit of
+land."
+
+"If you judge of Indian cunning by the rules you find in books or by
+white sagacity, they will lead you astray, if not to your death,"
+returned Hawkeye, examining the signs of the place with that acuteness
+which distinguished him. "If I may be permitted to speak in this matter,
+it will be to say that we have but two things to choose between: the one
+is, to return and give up all thought of following the Hurons----"
+
+"Never!" exclaimed Heyward in a voice far too loud for their
+circumstances.
+
+"Well, well," continued Hawkeye, making a hasty sign to repress his
+impatience, "I am much of your mind myself; though I thought it becoming
+my experience to tell the whole. We must then make a push, and, if the
+Indians or Frenchers are in the narrows, run the gantlet through these
+toppling mountains. Is there reason in my words, sagamore?"
+
+[Illustration: HAWKEYE]
+
+The Indian made no further answer than by dropping his paddle into the
+water and urging forward the canoe. As he held the office of directing
+its course, his resolution was sufficiently indicated by the movement.
+The whole party now plied their paddles vigorously, and in a very few
+moments they had reached a point whence they might command an entire
+view of the northern shore of the island.
+
+"There they are, by all the truth of signs," whispered the scout; "two
+canoes and a smoke. The knaves haven't yet got their eyes out of the
+mist, or we should hear the accursed whoop. Together, friends--we are
+leaving them, and are already nearly out of whistle of a bullet."
+
+The well-known crack of a rifle, whose ball came skipping along the
+placid surface of the strait, and a shrill yell from the island
+interrupted his speech and announced that their passage was discovered.
+In another instant several savages were seen rushing into the canoes,
+which were soon dancing over the water in pursuit. These fearful
+precursors of a coming struggle produced no change in the countenances
+and movements of his three guides, so far as Duncan could discover,
+except that the strokes of their paddles were longer and more in unison,
+and caused the little bark to spring forward like a creature possessing
+life and volition.
+
+"Hold them there, sagamore," said Hawkeye, looking coolly backward over
+his left shoulder, while he still plied his paddle; "keep them just
+there. Them Hurons have never a piece in their nation that will execute
+at this distance; but 'Kill Deer'[86-7] has a barrel on which a man may
+calculate."
+
+The scout, having ascertained that the Mohicans were sufficient of
+themselves to maintain the requisite distance, deliberately laid aside
+his paddle and raised the fatal rifle. Then several times he brought the
+piece to his shoulder, and when his companions were expecting its report
+he as often lowered it to request the Indians would permit their enemies
+to approach a little nigher. At length his accurate and fastidious eye
+seemed satisfied, and throwing out his left arm on the barrel, he was
+slowly elevating the muzzle, when an exclamation from Uncas, who sat in
+the bow, once more caused him to suspend the shot.
+
+"How now, lad?" demanded Hawkeye; "you saved a Huron[87-8] from the
+death-shriek by that word; have you reason for what you do?"
+
+Uncas pointed toward the rocky shore a little in their front, whence
+another war canoe was darting directly across their course. It was too
+obvious now that their situation was imminently perilous to need the aid
+of language to confirm it. The scout laid aside his rifle, and resumed
+the paddle, while Chingachgook inclined the bows of the canoe a little
+toward the western shore, in order to increase the distance between them
+and this new enemy. In the meantime they were reminded of the presence
+of those who pressed on their rear, by wild and exulting shouts. The
+stirring scene awakened even Munro from his apathy.
+
+"Let us make for the rocks on the main," he said, with the mien of a
+tried soldier, "and give battle to the savages. God forbid that I or
+those attached to me or mine should ever trust again to the faith of any
+servant of the Louises."
+
+"He who wishes to prosper in Indian warfare," returned the scout, "must
+not be too proud to learn from the wit of a native. Lay her more along
+the land, sagamore; we are doubling on the varlets, and perhaps they may
+try to strike our trail on the long calculation."
+
+Hawkeye was not mistaken; for, when the Hurons found that their course
+was likely to throw them behind their chase, they rendered it less
+direct, until, by gradually bearing more and more obliquely, the two
+canoes were, ere long, gliding on parallel lines, within two hundred
+yards of each other. It now became entirely a trial of speed. So rapid
+was the progress of the light vessels that the lake curled in their
+front in miniature waves, and their motion became undulating by its own
+velocity. It was, perhaps, owing to this circumstance, in addition to
+the necessity of keeping every hand employed at the paddles, that the
+Hurons had not immediate recourse to their firearms. The exertions of
+the fugitives were too severe to continue long, and the pursuers had the
+advantage of numbers. Duncan observed, with uneasiness, that the scout
+began to look anxiously about him, as if searching for some further
+means of assisting their flight.
+
+"Edge her a little more from the sun, Sagamore," said the stubborn
+woodsman; "I see the knaves are sparing a man to the rifle. A single
+broken bone might lose us our scalps. Edge more from the sun, and we
+will put the island between us."
+
+The expedient was not without its use. A long, low island lay a little
+distance before them, and, as they closed with it, the chasing canoe was
+compelled to take a side opposite to that on which the pursued passed.
+The scout and his companions did not neglect this advantage, but, the
+instant they were hid from observation by the bushes, they redoubled
+efforts that before had seemed prodigious. The two canoes came round the
+last low point, like two coursers at the top of their speed, the
+fugitives taking the lead. This change had brought them nigher to each
+other, however, while it altered their relative positions.
+
+"You showed knowledge in the shaping of birchen bark, Uncas, when you
+chose this from among the Huron canoes," said the scout, smiling,
+apparently more in satisfaction at their superiority in the race, than
+from that prospect of final escape which now began to open a little upon
+them. "The imps have put all their strength again at the paddles, and we
+are to struggle for our scalps with bits of flattened wood, instead of
+clouded barrels and true eyes. A long stroke, and together, friends!"
+
+"They are preparing for a shot," said Heyward; "and as we are in a line
+with them, it can scarcely fail."
+
+"Get you then into the bottom of the canoe," returned the scout; "you
+and the colonel; it will be so much taken from the size of the mark."
+
+Heyward smiled, as he answered:
+
+"It would be but an ill example for the highest in rank to dodge, while
+the warriors were under fire!"
+
+"Lord! Lord! that is now a white man's courage!" exclaimed the scout,
+"and, like too many of his notions, not to be maintained by reason. Do
+you think the sagamore, or Uncas, or even I, who am a man without a
+cross, would deliberate about finding a cover in a scrimmage when an
+open body would do no good? For what have the Frenchers reared up their
+Quebec, if fighting is always to be done in the clearings?"
+
+"All that you say is very true, my friend," replied Heyward; "still, our
+custom must prevent us from doing as you wish."
+
+A volley from the Hurons interrupted the discourse; and, as the bullets
+whistled about them, Duncan saw the head of Uncas turned, looking back
+at himself and Munro. Notwithstanding the nearness of the enemy, and his
+own great personal danger, the countenance of the young warrior
+expressed no other emotion, as the former was compelled to think, than
+amazement at finding men willing to encounter so useless an exposure.
+Chingachgook was probably better acquainted with the notions of white
+men, for he did not even cast a glance aside from the riveted look his
+eye maintained on the object by which he governed their course. A ball
+soon struck the light and polished paddle from the hands of the chief,
+and drove it through the air far in advance. A shout rose from the
+Hurons, who seized the opportunity to fire another volley. Uncas
+described an arc in the water with his own blade, and, as the canoe
+passed swiftly on, Chingachgook recovered his paddle, and, flourishing
+it on high, he gave the war-whoop of the Mohicans, and then lent his
+strength and skill again to the important task.
+
+The clamorous sounds of "Le Gros Serpent!"[91-9] "La Longue
+Carabine!"[91-10] "Le Cerf Agile!"[91-11] burst at once from the canoes
+behind, and seemed to give new zeal to the pursuers. The scout seized
+"Kill Deer" in his left hand, and, elevating it above his head, he shook
+it in triumph at his enemies. The savages answered the insult with a
+yell, and immediately another volley succeeded. The bullets pattered
+along the lake, and one even pierced the bark of their little vessel. No
+perceptible emotion could be discovered in the Mohicans during this
+critical moment, their rigid features expressing neither hope nor alarm;
+but the scout again turned his head, and, laughing in his own silent
+manner, he said to Heyward:
+
+"The knaves love to hear the sounds of their pieces, but the eye is not
+to be found among the Mingoes that can calculate a true range in a
+dancing canoe! You see the dumb devils have taken off a man to charge,
+and by the smallest measurement that can be allowed we move three feet
+to their two."
+
+Duncan, who was not altogether as easy under this nice estimate of
+distances as his companions, was glad to find, however, that, owing to
+their superior dexterity, and the diversion among their enemies they
+were very sensibly obtaining the advantage. The Hurons soon fired again,
+and a bullet struck the blade of Hawkeye's paddle without injury.
+
+"That will do," said the scout, examining the slight indentation with a
+curious eye; "it would not have cut the skin of an infant, much less of
+men who, like us, have been blown upon by the heavens in their anger.
+Now, major, if you will try to use this piece of flattened wood, I'll
+let 'Kill Deer' take a part in the conversation."
+
+Heyward seized the paddle and applied himself to the work with an
+eagerness that supplied the place of skill, while Hawkeye was engaged in
+inspecting the priming of his rifle. The latter then took a swift aim
+and fired. The Huron in the bows of the leading canoe had risen with a
+similar object, and he now fell backward, suffering the gun to escape
+from his hands into the water. In an instant, however, he recovered his
+feet, though his gestures were wild and bewildered. At the same moment
+his companions suspended their efforts, and the chasing canoes clustered
+together and became stationary. Chingachgook and Uncas profited by the
+interval to regain their wind, though Duncan continued to work with the
+most persevering industry. The father and son now cast calm but
+inquiring glances at each other, to learn if either had sustained any
+injury by the fire; for both well knew that no cry or exclamation would,
+in such a moment of necessity, have been permitted to betray the
+accident. A few large drops of blood were trickling down the shoulders
+of the sagamore, who, when he perceived that the eyes of Uncas dwelt
+too long on the sight, raised some water in the hollow of his hand, and,
+washing off the stain, was content to manifest, in this simple manner,
+the slightness of the injury.
+
+The lake now began to expand, and their route lay along a reacher, that
+was lined, as before, by high and rugged mountains. But the islands were
+few and easily avoided. The strokes of the paddles grew more measured
+and regular; while they who plied them continued their labor, after the
+close and deadly chase from which they had just relieved themselves,
+with as much coolness as though their speed had been tried in sport,
+rather than under such pressing, nay, almost desperate circumstances.
+
+Instead of following the western shore, whither their errand led them,
+the wary Mohican inclined his course more toward those hills behind
+which Montcalm was known to have led his army into the formidable
+fortress of Ticonderoga. As the Hurons, to every appearance, had
+abandoned the pursuit, there was no apparent reason for this excess of
+caution. It was, however, maintained for hours until they had reached a
+bay nigh the northern termination of the lake. Here the canoe was driven
+upon the beach, and the whole party landed. Hawkeye and Heyward ascended
+an adjacent bluff, where the former, after considering the expanse of
+water beneath him, pointed out to the latter a small black object,
+hovering under a headland, at a distance of several miles.
+
+"Do you see it?" demanded the scout. "Now, what would you account that
+spot, were you left alone to white experience to find your way through
+this wilderness?"
+
+"But for its distance and its magnitude, I should suppose it a bird. Can
+it be a living object?"
+
+"'Tis a canoe of good birchen bark, and paddled by fierce and crafty
+Mingoes. Though Providence has lent to those who inhabit the woods eyes
+that would be needless to men in the settlements where there are
+inventions to assist the sight, yet no human organs can see all the
+dangers which at this moment circumvent us. These varlets pretend to be
+bent chiefly on their sundown meal, but the moment it is dark they will
+be on our trail as true as hounds on the scent. We must throw them off.
+These lakes are useful at times, especially when the game takes the
+water," continued the scout, gazing about him with a countenance of
+concern; "but they give no cover, except it be to fishes. God knows what
+the country would be, if the settlement should ever spread far from the
+two rivers. Both hunting and war would lose their beauty."
+
+"Let us not delay a moment without some good and obvious cause."
+
+"I little like that smoke which you may see worming up along the rock
+above the canoe," interrupted the abstracted scout. "My life on it,
+other eyes than ours see it, and know its meaning. Well, words will not
+mend the matter, and it is time we were doing."
+
+Hawkeye moved away from the lookout, and descended, musing profoundly,
+to the shore. He communicated the result of his observations to his
+companions, in Delaware, and a short and earnest consultation succeeded.
+When it terminated, the three instantly set about executing their new
+resolutions.
+
+The canoe was lifted from the water, and borne on the shoulders of the
+party. They proceeded into the wood, making as broad and obvious a trail
+as possible. They soon reached a water course, which they crossed, and
+continued onward until they came to an extensive and naked rock. At this
+point, where their footsteps might be expected to be no longer visible,
+they retraced their route to the brook, walking backward with the utmost
+care. They now followed the bed of the little stream to the lake, into
+which they immediately launched their canoe again. A low point concealed
+them from the headland, and the margin of the lake was fringed for some
+distance with dense and overhanging bushes. Under the cover of these
+natural advantages, they toiled their way, with patient industry, until
+the scout pronounced that he believed it would be safe once more to
+land.
+
+The halt continued until evening rendered objects indistinct and
+uncertain to the eye. Then they resumed their route, and, favored by the
+darkness, pushed silently and vigorously toward the western shore.
+Although the rugged outline of mountain, to which they were steering,
+presented no distinctive marks to the eyes of Duncan, the Mohican
+entered the little haven he had selected with the confidence and
+accuracy of an experienced pilot.
+
+The boat was again lifted and borne into the woods, where it was
+carefully concealed under a pile of brush. The adventurers assumed their
+arms and packs, and the scout announced to Munro and Heyward that he and
+the Indians were at last in readiness to proceed.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[79-1] Hawkeye is an American scout working with the English army. He is
+one of the most important characters in this book, and under different
+names figures in the other volumes of _The Leather-Stocking Tales_. In
+one he is known as the Deerslayer, in others as Leather-Stocking and the
+Pathfinder. His real name is Natty Bumppo. The five stories which Cooper
+includes among _The Leather-Stocking Tales_ are in their natural order:
+_Deerslayer_, _The Last of the Mohicans_, _The Pathfinder_, _The
+Pioneers_ and _The Prairie_. This selection is taken from _The Last of
+the Mohicans_.
+
+[79-2] Munro is the father of two young ladies who have been captured
+and carried away by the Indians. With his companions he is now following
+the trail of the captors, and this canoe race is but one of many
+adventures through which they pass before they finally rescue the women.
+
+[79-3] Duncan Heyward is a British officer who was with the young ladies
+when they were captured.
+
+[81-4] Uncas is the son of the last chief of the Mohicans, a fine Indian
+who sides with the Americans, and is, as his tribe has always been, a
+bitter enemy of the Huron Indians.
+
+[82-5] The beauties of Lake George are well known to every American
+tourist. In the height of the mountains which surround it, and in
+artificial accessories, it is inferior to the finest of the Swiss and
+Italian lakes, while in outline and purity of water it is fully their
+equal, and in the number and disposition of its isles and islets much
+superior to them altogether. There are said to be some hundreds of
+islands in a sheet of water less than thirty miles long. The narrows,
+which connect what may be called, in truth two lakes, are crowded with
+islands, to such a degree as to leave passages between them frequently
+of only a few feet in width. The lake itself varies in breadth from one
+to three miles.
+
+[83-6] Chingachgook, the father of Uncas, is the chief of the Delaware
+or Mohican Indians.
+
+[86-7] _Kill Deer_, his favorite rifle, has a particularly long barrel,
+much longer than the rifle used by the soldiers. Hawkeye's appearance is
+described in another place as follows: "The frame of the white man,
+judging by such parts as were not concealed by his clothes, was like
+that of one who had known hardships and exertion from his earliest
+youth. His person, though muscular, was rather attenuated than full; but
+every nerve and muscle appeared strung and indurated by unremitted
+exposure and toil. He wore a hunting-shirt of forest green, fringed with
+faded yellow, and a summer cap of skins which had been shorn of their
+fur. He also bore a knife in a girdle of wampum, like that which
+confined the scanty garments of the Indian, but no tomahawk. His
+moccasins were ornamented after the gay fashion of the natives, while
+the only part of his under-dress which appeared below the hunting-frock,
+was a pair of buckskin leggings that laced at the sides, and which were
+gartered above the knees with the sinews of a deer. A pouch and horn
+completed his personal accoutrements, though a rifle of great length,
+which the theory of the more ingenious whites had taught them was the
+most dangerous of all fire-arms, leaned against a neighboring sapling.
+The eye of the hunter, or scout, whichever he might be, was small,
+quick, keen, and restless, roving while he spoke, on every side of him,
+as if in quest of game, or distrusting the sudden approach of some
+lurking enemy. Notwithstanding these symptoms of habitual suspicion, his
+countenance was not only without guile, but, at the moment at which he
+is introduced, it was charged with an expression of sturdy honesty."
+
+[87-8] The Huron tribe sided with the French, and as they were powerful
+Indians, wise in woodcraft and fierce in battle, they were among the
+most deadly foes whom the English colonists had to meet.
+
+[91-9] _Le Gros Serpent_ is a French phrase meaning _The Great Serpent_,
+or _The Big Snake_, a name which the Hurons gave to Chingachgook.
+
+[91-10] _La Longue Carabine_ means _The Long Rifle_, and is the French
+name which the Hurons gave to Hawkeye.
+
+[91-11] _Le Cerf Agile_ is a French phrase which means _The Nimble
+Deer_. It is the name given to Uncas by the Hurons.
+
+
+
+
+THE BUFFALO
+
+
+     NOTE.--The following selections are taken from _The Oregon Trail_,
+     a narrative written by Francis Parkman describing the journey which
+     he undertook in order to study the manners, customs and character
+     of the Indians in their native state. Parkman planned this
+     investigation to prepare himself more fully for writing his
+     splendid _Histories of the French and Indians in America_, a series
+     of books which are not only the best accounts we have of the
+     period, but are also written in most charming style. His
+     _Conspiracy of Pontiac_ and _La Salle_ are among the most readable
+     of these works. The selections which we have made are peculiarly
+     interesting. His journey was begun in the spring of 1846, and in
+     the brief time that has elapsed the wilderness he describes has
+     given way to populous states and thriving cities. The red man is
+     seen there no longer, and the vast herds of buffalo whose numbers
+     seem to us incredible have become wholly extinct. In the United
+     States there remain almost no wild bison, and to study the animal
+     at all a person must now examine those half domesticated groups
+     that are confined in public parks.
+
+     The extravagant slaughter which he chronicles bears little
+     comparison to the hunts in which others engaged. The cruel and
+     wanton destruction of the bison takes its place in history with the
+     more fierce and relentless persecution which the Indians have
+     suffered. When we read of the innumerable herds of bison which
+     Parkman saw, we are inclined, however, not to wonder that he
+     expressed the belief that the extinction of the animal was
+     impossible. His description of his hunts are fascinating, and will
+     rouse the wild blood in any boy's nature.
+
+
+Four days on the Platte, and yet no buffalo! Last year's signs of them
+were provokingly abundant; and wood being extremely scarce, we found an
+admirable substitute in the _bois de vache_, which burns exactly like
+peat, producing no unpleasant effects. The wagons one morning had left
+the camp; Shaw and I were already on horseback, but Henry Chatillon
+still sat cross-legged by the dead embers of the fire, playing pensively
+with the lock of his rifle, while his sturdy Wyandotte pony stood
+quietly behind him, looking over his head. At last he got up, patted the
+neck of the pony (whom, from an exaggerated appreciation of his merits,
+he had christened "Five Hundred Dollar"), and then mounted with a
+melancholy air.
+
+"What is it, Henry?"
+
+"Ah, I feel lonesome; I never been here before; but I see away yonder
+over the buttes, and down there on the prairie, black--all black with
+buffalo!"
+
+In the afternoon he and I left the party in search of an antelope; until
+at the distance of a mile or two on the right, the tall white wagons and
+the little black specks of horsemen were just visible, so slowly
+advancing that they seemed motionless; and far on the left rose the
+broken line of scorched, desolate sand-hills. The vast plain waved with
+tall rank grass that swept our horses' bellies; it swayed to and fro in
+billows with the light breeze, and far and near antelope and wolves were
+moving through it, the hairy backs of the latter alternately appearing
+and disappearing as they bounded awkwardly along: while the antelope,
+with the simple curiosity peculiar to them, would often approach us
+closely, their little horns and white throats just visible above the
+grass tops, as they gazed eagerly at us with their round black eyes.
+
+I dismounted, and amused myself with firing at the wolves. Henry
+attentively scrutinized the surrounding landscape; at length he gave a
+shout, and called on me to mount again, pointing in the direction of the
+sand-hills. A mile and a half from us, two minute black specks slowly
+traversed the face of one of the bare glaring declivities, and
+disappeared behind the summit. "Let us go!" cried Henry, belaboring the
+sides of Five Hundred Dollar; and I following in his wake, we galloped
+rapidly through the rank grass toward the base of the hills.
+
+From one of their openings descended a deep ravine, widening as it
+issued on the prairie. We entered it, and galloping up, in a moment were
+surrounded by the bleak sand-hills. Half of their steep sides were bare;
+the rest were scantily clothed with clumps of grass, and various uncouth
+plants, conspicuous among which appeared the reptile-like prickly pear.
+They were gashed with numberless ravines; and as the sky had suddenly
+darkened, and a cold gusty wind arisen, the strange shrubs and the
+dreary hills looked doubly wild and desolate. But Henry's face was all
+eagerness. He tore off a little hair from the piece of buffalo robe
+under his saddle, and threw it up to show the course of the wind. It
+blew directly before us. The game were therefore to windward, and it was
+necessary to make our best speed to get around them.
+
+We scrambled from this ravine, and galloping away through the hollows,
+soon found another, winding like a snake among the hills, and so deep
+that it completely concealed us. We rode up the bottom of it, glancing
+through the shrubbery at its edge, till Henry abruptly jerked his rein,
+and slid out of his saddle. Full a quarter of a mile distant, on the
+outline of the farthest hill, a long procession of buffalo were walking
+in Indian file, with the utmost gravity and deliberation; then more
+appeared, clambering from a hollow not far off, and ascending, one
+behind the other, the grassy slope of another hill; then a shaggy head
+and a pair of short broken horns appeared issuing out of a ravine close
+at hand, and with a slow, stately step, one by one, the enormous brutes
+came into view, taking their way across the valley, wholly unconscious
+of an enemy. In a moment Henry was worming his way, lying flat on the
+ground, through grass and prickly pears, toward his unsuspecting
+victims. He had with him both my rifle and his own. He was soon out of
+sight, and still the buffalo kept issuing into the valley. For a long
+time all was silent; I sat holding his horse, and wondering what he was
+about, when suddenly, in rapid succession, came the sharp reports of the
+two rifles, and the whole line of buffalo, quickening their pace into a
+clumsy trot, gradually disappeared over the ridge of the hill. Henry
+rose to his feet, and stood looking after them.
+
+"You have missed them," said I.
+
+"Yes," said Henry; "let us go." He descended into the ravine, loaded the
+rifles, and mounted his horse. We rode up the hill after the buffalo.
+The herd was out of sight when we reached the top, but lying on the
+grass not far off was one quite lifeless, and another violently
+struggling in the death agony.
+
+"You see I miss him!" remarked Henry. He had fired from a distance of
+more than a hundred and fifty yards, and both balls had passed through
+the lungs--the true mark in shooting buffalo.
+
+The darkness increased, and a driving storm came on. Tying our horses to
+the horns of the victims, Henry began the bloody work of dissection,
+slashing away with the science of a connoisseur, while I vainly
+endeavored to imitate him. Old Hendrick recoiled with horror and
+indignation when I endeavored to tie the meat to the strings of rawhide,
+always carried for this purpose, dangling at the back of the saddle.
+After some difficulty we overcame his scruples; and heavily burdened
+with the more eligible portions of the buffalo, we set out on our
+return. Scarcely had we emerged from the labyrinth of gorges and
+ravines, and issued upon the open prairie, when the pricking sleet came
+driving, gust upon gust, directly in our faces. It was strangely dark,
+though wanting still an hour of sunset. The freezing storm soon
+penetrated to the skin, but the uneasy trot of our heavy-gaited horses
+kept us warm enough, as we forced them unwillingly in the teeth of the
+sleet and rain, by the powerful suasion of our Indian whips.
+
+The prairie in this place was hard and level. A flourishing colony of
+prairie dogs had burrowed into it in every direction, and the little
+mounds of fresh earth around their holes were about as numerous as the
+hills in a cornfield; but not a yelp was to be heard; not a nose of a
+single citizen was visible; all had retired to the depths of their
+burrows, and we envied them their dry and comfortable habitations.
+
+An hour's hard riding showed us our tent dimly looming through the
+storm, one side puffed out by the force of the wind, and the other
+collapsed in proportion, while the disconsolate horses stood shivering
+close around, and the wind kept up a dismal whistling in the boughs of
+three old half-dead trees above. Shaw, like a patriarch, sat on his
+saddle in the entrance, with a pipe in his mouth, and his arms folded,
+contemplating, with cool satisfaction, the piles of meat that we flung
+on the ground before him. A dark and dreary night succeeded; but the sun
+rose with a heat so sultry and languid that the captain excused himself
+on that account from waylaying an old buffalo bull, who with stupid
+gravity was walking over the prairie to drink at the river. So much for
+the climate of the Platte!
+
+We encamped that night upon the bank of the river. Among the emigrants
+there was an overgrown boy, some eighteen years old, with a head as
+round and about as large as a pumpkin, and fever-and-ague fits had dyed
+his face of a corresponding color. He wore an old white hat, tied under
+his chin with a handkerchief; his body was short and stout, but his legs
+of disproportioned and appalling length. I observed him at sunset,
+breasting the hill with gigantic strides, and standing against the sky
+on the summit, like a colossal pair of tongs. In a moment after we heard
+him screaming frantically behind the ridge, and nothing doubting that he
+was in the clutches of Indians or grizzly bears, some of the party
+caught up their rifles and ran to the rescue. His outcries, however,
+proved but an ebullition of joyous excitement; he had chased two little
+wolf pups to their burrow, and he was on his knees, grubbing away like a
+dog at the mouth of the hole, to get at them.
+
+Before morning he caused more serious disquiet in the camp. It was his
+turn to hold the middle guard; but no sooner was he called up, than he
+coolly arranged a pair of saddle-bags under a wagon, laid his head upon
+them, closed his eyes, opened his mouth, and fell asleep. The guard on
+our side of the camp, thinking it no part of his duty to look after the
+cattle of the emigrants, contented himself with watching our own horses
+and mules; the wolves, he said, were unusually noisy; but still no
+mischief was anticipated until the sun rose, and not a hoof or horn was
+in sight! The cattle were gone! While Tom was quietly slumbering, the
+wolves had driven them away.
+
+Then we reaped the fruits of R.'s precious plan of traveling in company
+with emigrants. To leave them in their distress was not to be thought
+of, and we felt bound to wait until the cattle could be searched for,
+and, if possible, recovered. But the reader may be curious to know what
+punishment awaited the faithless Tom. By the wholesome law of the
+prairie, he who falls asleep on guard is condemned to walk all day,
+leading his horse by the bridle, and we found much fault with our
+companions for not enforcing such a sentence on the offender.
+Nevertheless, had he been of our own party, I have no doubt he would in
+like manner have escaped scot-free. But the emigrants went farther than
+mere forbearance: they decreed that since Tom couldn't stand guard
+without falling asleep, he shouldn't stand guard at all, and
+henceforward his slumbers were unbroken.
+
+"Buffalo! buffalo!" It was but a grim old bull, roaming the prairie by
+himself in misanthropic seclusion; but there might be more behind the
+hills. Dreading the monotony and languor of the camp, Shaw and I saddled
+our horses, buckled our holsters in their places, and set out with Henry
+Chatillon in search of the game. Henry, not intending to take part in
+the chase, but merely conducting us, carried his rifle with him, while
+we left ours behind as incumbrances. We rode for some five or six miles,
+and saw no living thing but wolves, snakes, and prairie dogs.
+
+"This won't do at all," said Shaw.
+
+"What won't do?"
+
+"There's no wood about here to make a litter for the wounded man; I have
+an idea that one of us will need something of the sort before the day is
+over."
+
+There was some foundation for such an apprehension, for the ground was
+none of the best for a race, and grew worse continually as we proceeded;
+indeed it soon became desperately bad, consisting of abrupt hills and
+deep hollows, cut by frequent ravines not easy to pass. At length, a
+mile in advance, we saw a band of bulls. Some were scattered grazing
+over a green declivity, while the rest were crowded more densely
+together in the wide hollow below. Making a circuit to keep out of
+sight, we rode toward them until we ascended a hill within a furlong of
+them, beyond which nothing intervened that could possibly screen us from
+their view. We dismounted behind the ridge just out of sight, drew our
+saddle-girths, examined our pistols, and mounting again rode over the
+hill, and descended at a canter toward them, bending close to our
+horses' necks. Instantly they took the alarm; those on the hill
+descended; those below gathered into a mass, and the whole got in
+motion, shouldering each other along at a clumsy gallop. We followed,
+spurring our horses to full speed; and as the herd rushed, crowding and
+trampling in terror through an opening in the hills, we were close at
+their heels, half suffocated by the clouds of dust.
+
+But as we drew near, their alarm and speed increased; our horses showed
+signs of the utmost fear, bounding violently aside as we approached, and
+refusing to enter among the herd.
+
+The buffalo now broke into several small bodies, scampering over the
+hills in different directions, and I lost sight of Shaw; neither of us
+knew where the other had gone. Old Pontiac ran like a frantic elephant
+up hill and down hill, his ponderous hoofs striking the prairie like
+sledge-hammers. He showed a curious mixture of eagerness and terror,
+straining to overtake the panic-stricken herd, but constantly recoiling
+in dismay as we drew near. The fugitives offered no very attractive
+spectacle, with their enormous size and weight, their shaggy manes and
+the tattered remnants of their last winter's hair covering their backs
+in irregular shreds and patches, and flying off in the wind as they ran.
+
+At length I urged my horse close behind a bull, and after trying in
+vain, by blows and spurring, to bring him alongside, I shot a bullet
+into the buffalo from this disadvantageous position. At the report,
+Pontiac swerved so much that I was again thrown a little behind the
+game. The bullet, entering too much in the rear, failed to disable the
+bull, for a buffalo requires to be shot at particular points, or he will
+certainly escape. The herd ran up a hill, and I followed in pursuit. As
+Pontiac rushed headlong down on the other side, I saw Shaw and Henry
+descending the hollow on the right, at a leisurely gallop; and in front,
+the buffalo were just disappearing behind the crest of the next hill,
+their short tails erect, and their hoofs twinkling through a cloud of
+dust.
+
+At that moment, I heard Shaw and Henry shouting to me; but the muscles
+of a stronger arm than mine could not have checked at once the furious
+course of Pontiac, whose mouth was as insensible as leather. Added to
+this, I rode him that morning with a common snaffle, having the day
+before, for the benefit of my other horse, unbuckled from my bridle the
+curb which I ordinarily used. A stronger and hardier brute never trod
+the prairie; but the novel sight of the buffalo filled him with terror,
+and when at full speed he was almost uncontrollable. Gaining the top of
+the ridge, I saw nothing of the buffalo; they had all vanished amid the
+intricacies of the hills and hollows. Reloading my pistols, in the best
+way I could, I galloped on until I saw them again scuttling along at the
+base of the hill, their panic somewhat abated. Down went old Pontiac
+among them, scattering them to the right and left, and then we had
+another long chase.
+
+About a dozen bulls were before us, scouring over the hills, rushing
+down the declivities with tremendous weight and impetuosity, and then
+laboring with a weary gallop upward. Still Pontiac, in spite of spurring
+and beating, would not close with them. One bull at length fell a little
+behind the rest, and by dint of much effort I urged my horse within six
+or eight yards of his side. His back was darkened with sweat; he was
+panting heavily, while his tongue lolled out a foot from his jaws.
+Gradually I came up abreast of him, urging Pontiac with leg and rein
+nearer to his side, when suddenly he did what buffalo in such
+circumstances will always do; he slackened his gallop, and turning
+toward us, with an aspect of mingled rage and distress, lowered his
+huge shaggy head for a charge. Pontiac, with a snort, leaped aside in
+terror, nearly throwing me to the ground, as I was wholly unprepared for
+such an evolution. I raised my pistol in a passion to strike him on the
+head, but thinking better of it, fired the bullet after the bull, who
+had resumed his flight; then drew rein, and determined to rejoin my
+companions. It was high time. The breath blew hard from Pontiac's
+nostrils, and the sweat rolled in big drops down his sides; I myself
+felt as if drenched in warm water.
+
+[Illustration: GRADUALLY I CAME ABREAST OF HIM]
+
+Pledging myself (and I redeemed the pledge) to take my revenge at a
+future opportunity, I looked round for some indications to show me where
+I was, and what course I ought to pursue; I might as well have looked
+for landmarks in the midst of the ocean. How many miles I had run or in
+what direction, I had no idea; and around me the prairie was rolling in
+steep swells and pitches, without a single distinctive feature to guide
+me. I had a little compass hung at my neck; and ignorant that the Platte
+at this point diverged considerably from its easterly course, I thought
+that by keeping to the northward I should certainly reach it. So I
+turned and rode about two hours in that direction. The prairie changed
+as I advanced, softening away into easier undulations, but nothing like
+the Platte appeared, nor any sign of a human being; the same wild
+endless expanse lay around me still; and to all appearance I was as far
+from my object as ever. I began now to consider myself in danger of
+being lost; and therefore, reining in my horse, summoned the scanty
+share of woodcraft that I possessed (if that term be applicable upon the
+prairie) to extricate me. Looking round, it occurred to me that the
+buffalo might prove my best guides. I soon found one of the paths made
+by them in their passage to the river; it ran nearly at right angles to
+my course; but turning my horse's head in the direction it indicated,
+his freer gait and erected ears assured me that I was right.
+
+But in the meantime my ride had been by no means a solitary one. The
+whole face of the country was dotted far and wide with countless
+hundreds of buffalo. They trooped along in files and columns, bulls,
+cows, and calves, on the green faces of the declivities in front. They
+scrambled away over the hills to the right and left; and far off, the
+pale blue swells in the extreme distance were dotted with innumerable
+specks. Sometimes I surprised shaggy old bulls grazing alone, or
+sleeping behind the ridges I ascended. They would leap up at my
+approach, stare stupidly at me through their tangled manes, and then
+gallop heavily away. The antelope were very numerous; and as they are
+always bold when in the neighborhood of buffalo, they would approach
+quite near to look at me, gazing intently with their great round eyes,
+then suddenly leap aside, and stretch lightly away over the prairie, as
+swiftly as a racehorse. Squalid, ruffianlike wolves sneaked through the
+hollows and sandy ravines. Several times I passed through villages of
+prairie dogs, who sat, each at the mouth of his burrow, holding his paws
+before him in a supplicating attitude, and yelping away most vehemently,
+energetically whisking his little tail with every squeaking cry he
+uttered. Prairie dogs are not fastidious in their choice of companions;
+various long, checkered snakes were sunning themselves in the midst of
+the village, and demure little gray owls, with a large white ring around
+each eye, were perched side by side with the rightful inhabitants. The
+prairie teemed with life. Again and again I looked toward the crowded
+hillsides, and was sure I saw horsemen; and riding near, with a mixture
+of hope and dread, for Indians were abroad, I found them transformed
+into a group of buffalo. There was nothing in human shape amid all this
+vast congregation of brute forms.
+
+When I turned down the buffalo path, the prairie seemed changed; only a
+wolf or two glided past at intervals, like conscious felons, never
+looking to the right or left. Being now free from anxiety, I was at
+leisure to observe minutely the objects around me; and here, for the
+first time, I noticed insects wholly different from any of the varieties
+found farther to the eastward. Gaudy butterflies fluttered about my
+horse's head; strangely formed beetles, glittering with metallic luster,
+were crawling upon plants that I had never seen before; multitudes of
+lizards, too, were darting like lightning over the sand.
+
+I had run to a great distance from the river. It cost me a long ride on
+the buffalo path before I saw from the ridge of a sand-hill the pale
+surface of the Platte glistening in the midst of its desert valleys and
+the faint outline of the hills beyond waving along the sky. From where I
+stood, not a tree nor a bush nor a living thing was visible throughout
+the whole extent of the sun-scorched landscape. In half an hour I came
+upon the trail, not far from the river; and seeing that the party had
+not yet passed, I turned eastward to meet them, old Pontiac's long
+swinging trot again assuring me that I was right in doing so. Having
+been slightly ill on leaving camp in the morning, six or seven hours of
+rough riding had fatigued me extremely. I soon stopped, therefore; flung
+my saddle on the ground, and with my head resting on it, and my horse's
+trail-rope tied loosely to my arm, lay waiting the arrival of the party,
+speculating meanwhile on the extent of the injuries Pontiac had
+received. At length the white wagon coverings rose from the verge of the
+plain. By a singular coincidence, almost at the same moment two horsemen
+appeared coming down from the hills. They were Shaw and Henry, who had
+searched for me awhile in the morning, but well knowing the futility of
+the attempt in such a broken country, had placed themselves on the top
+of the highest hill they could find, and picketing their horses near
+them, as a signal to me, had lain down and fallen asleep. The stray
+cattle had been recovered, as the emigrants told us, about noon. Before
+sunset, we pushed forward eight miles farther.
+
+
+TETE ROUGE
+
+The next morning, having directed Delorier to repair with his cart to
+the place of meeting, we came again to the fort to make some
+arrangements for the journey. After completing these we sat down under a
+sort of perch, to smoke with some Cheyenne Indians whom we found there.
+In a few minutes we saw an extraordinary little figure approach us in a
+military dress. He had a small, round countenance, garnished about the
+eyes with the kind of wrinkles commonly known as crow's feet and
+surrounded by an abundant crop of red curls, with a little cap resting
+on the top of them. Altogether, he had the look of a man more conversant
+with mint juleps and oyster suppers than with the hardships of prairie
+service. He came up to us and entreated that we would take him home to
+the settlements, saying that unless he went with us he should have to
+stay all winter at the fort. We liked our petitioner's appearance so
+little that we excused ourselves from complying with his request. At
+this he begged us so hard to take pity on him, that at last we
+consented, though not without many misgivings.
+
+The rugged Anglo-Saxon of our new recruit's real name proved utterly
+unmanageable on the lips of our French attendants, and Henry Chatillon,
+after various abortive attempts to pronounce it, one day coolly
+christened him Tete Rouge, in honor of his red curls. He had at
+different times been clerk of a Mississippi steamboat, and agent in a
+trading establishment at Nauvoo, besides filling various other
+capacities, in all of which he had seen much more of "life" than was
+good for him. In the spring, thinking that a summer's campaign would be
+an agreeable recreation, he had joined a company of Saint Louis
+volunteers.
+
+"There were three of us," said Tete Rouge, "me and Bill Stevens and John
+Hopkins. We thought we would just go out with the army, and when we had
+conquered the country, we would get discharged and take our pay, you
+know, and go down to Mexico. They say there is plenty of fun going on
+there. Then we could go back to New Orleans by way of Vera Cruz."
+
+But Tete Rouge, like many a stouter volunteer, had reckoned without his
+host. Fighting Mexicans was a less amusing occupation than he had
+supposed, and his pleasure trip was disagreeably interrupted by brain
+fever, which attacked him when about halfway to Bent's Fort. He jolted
+along through the rest of the journey in a baggage wagon. When they came
+to the fort he was taken out and left there, together with the rest of
+the sick. Bent's Fort does not supply the best accommodations for an
+invalid. Tete Rouge's sick chamber was a little mud room, where he and a
+companion attacked by the same disease were laid together, with nothing
+but a buffalo robe between them and the ground. The assistant surgeon's
+deputy visited them once a day and brought them each a huge dose of
+calomel, the only medicine, according to his surviving victim, which he
+was acquainted with.
+
+Tete Rouge woke one morning, and turning to his companion, saw his eyes
+fixed upon the beams above with the glassy stare of a dead man. At this
+the unfortunate volunteer lost his senses outright. In spite of the
+doctor, however, he eventually recovered; though between the brain fever
+and the calomel, his mind, originally none of the strongest, was so much
+shaken that it had not quite recovered its balance when we came to the
+fort. In spite of the poor fellow's tragic story, there was something so
+ludicrous in his appearance, and the whimsical contrast between his
+military dress and his most unmilitary demeanor, that we could not help
+smiling at them.
+
+We asked him if he had a gun. He said they had taken it from him during
+his illness, and he had not seen it since; "but perhaps," he observed,
+looking at me with a beseeching air, "you will lend me one of your big
+pistols if we should meet with any Indians." I next inquired if he had a
+horse; he declared he had a magnificent one, and at Shaw's request a
+Mexican led him in for inspection. He exhibited the outline of a good
+horse, but his eyes were sunk in the sockets, and every one of his ribs
+could be counted. There were certain marks too about his shoulders,
+which could be accounted for by the circumstance, that during Tete
+Rouge's illness, his companions had seized upon the insulted charger,
+and harnessed him to a cannon along with the draft horses. To Tete
+Rouge's astonishment we recommended him by all means to exchange the
+horse, if he could, for a mule. Fortunately the people at the fort were
+so anxious to get rid of him that they were willing to make some
+sacrifice to effect the object, and he succeeded in getting a tolerable
+mule in exchange for the broken-down steed.
+
+A man soon appeared at the gate, leading in the mule by a cord which he
+placed in the hands of Tete Rouge, who, being somewhat afraid of his new
+acquisition, tried various flatteries and blandishments to induce her to
+come forward. The mule, knowing that she was expected to advance,
+stopped short in consequence, and stood fast as a rock, looking straight
+forward with immovable composure. Being stimulated by a blow from behind
+she consented to move, and walked nearly to the other side of the fort
+before she stopped again. Hearing the bystanders laugh, Tete Rouge
+plucked up spirit and tugged hard at the rope. The mule jerked backward,
+spun herself round, and made a dash for the gate. Tete Rouge, who clung
+manfully to the rope, went whisking through the air for a few rods, when
+he let go and stood with his mouth open, staring after the mule, who
+galloped away over the prairie. She was soon caught and brought back by
+a Mexican, who mounted a horse and went in pursuit of her with his
+lasso.
+
+Having thus displayed his capacities for prairie traveling, Tete
+proceeded to supply himself with provisions for the journey, and with
+this view he applied to a quartermaster's assistant who was in the fort.
+This official had a face as sour as vinegar, being in a state of chronic
+indignation because he had been left behind the army. He was as anxious
+as the rest to get rid of Tete Rouge. So, producing a rusty key, he
+opened a low door which led to a half-subterranean apartment, into which
+the two disappeared together. After some time they came out again, Tete
+Rouge greatly embarrassed by a multiplicity of paper parcels containing
+the different articles of his forty days' rations. They were consigned
+to the care of Delorier, who about that time passed by with the cart on
+his way to the appointed place of meeting with Munroe and his
+companions.
+
+We next urged Tete Rouge to provide himself, if he could, with a gun. He
+accordingly made earnest appeals to the charity of various persons in
+the fort, but totally without success, a circumstance which did not
+greatly disturb us, since in the event of a skirmish he would be much
+more apt to do mischief to himself or his friends than to the enemy.
+When all these arrangements were completed we saddled our horses and
+were preparing to leave the fort, when looking round we discovered that
+our new associate was in fresh trouble. A man was holding the mule for
+him in the middle of the fort, while he tried to put the saddle on her
+back, but she kept stepping sideways and moving round and round in a
+circle until he was almost in despair. It required some assistance
+before all his difficulties could be overcome. At length he clambered
+into the black war saddle on which he was to have carried terror into
+the ranks of the Mexicans.
+
+"Get up," said Tete Rouge. "Come now, go along, will you."
+
+The mule walked deliberately forward out of the gate. Her recent conduct
+had inspired him with so much awe that he never dared to touch her with
+his whip. We trotted forward toward the place of meeting, but before he
+had gone far we saw that Tete Rouge's mule, who perfectly understood her
+rider, had stopped and was quietly grazing, in spite of his
+protestations, at some distance behind. So getting behind him, we drove
+him and the contumacious mule before us, until we could see through the
+twilight the gleaming of a distant fire.
+
+We began our journey for the frontier settlements on the 27th of August,
+and certainly a more ragamuffin cavalcade never was seen on the upper
+Arkansas. Of the large and fine horses with which we had left the
+frontier in the spring, not one remained; we had supplied their place
+with the rough breed of the prairie, as hardy as mules and almost as
+ugly; we had also with us a number of the latter detestable animals. In
+spite of their strength and hardihood, several of the band were already
+worn down by hard service and hard fare, and as none of them were shod,
+they were fast becoming foot-sore. Every horse and mule had a cord of
+twisted bull-hide coiled around his neck, which by no means added to the
+beauty of his appearance. Our saddles and all our equipments were by
+this time lamentably worn and battered, and our weapons had become dull
+and rusty. The dress of the riders fully corresponded with the
+dilapidated furniture of our horses, and of the whole party none made a
+more disreputable appearance than my friend and I. Shaw had for an upper
+garment an old red flannel shirt, flying open in front and belted around
+him like a frock; while I, in absence of other clothing, was attired in
+a time-worn suit of leather.
+
+Thus happy and careless as so many beggars, we crept slowly from day to
+day along the monotonous banks of the Arkansas. Tete Rouge gave constant
+trouble, for he could never catch his mule, saddle her, or indeed do
+anything else without assistance. Every day he had some new ailment,
+real or imaginary, to complain of. At one moment he would be woebegone
+and disconsolate, and the next he would be visited with a violent flow
+of spirits, to which he could only give vent by incessant laughing,
+whistling, and telling stories. When other resources failed, we used to
+amuse ourselves by tormenting him; a fair compensation for the trouble
+he cost us. Tete Rouge rather enjoyed being laughed at, for he was an
+odd compound of weakness, eccentricity, and good-nature. He made a
+figure worthy of a painter as he paced along before us, perched on the
+back of his mule, and enveloped in a huge buffalo-robe coat, which some
+charitable person had given him at the fort. This extraordinary garment,
+which would have contained two men of his size, he chose, for some
+reason best known to himself, to wear inside out, and he never took it
+off, even in the hottest weather. It was fluttering all over with seams
+and tatters, and the hide was so old and rotten that it broke out every
+day in a new place. Just at the top of it a large pile of red curls was
+visible, with his little cap set jauntily upon one side, to give him a
+military air. His seat in the saddle was no less remarkable than his
+person and equipment. He pressed one leg close against his mule's side,
+and thrust the other out at an angle of 45 deg.. His pantaloons were
+decorated with a military red stripe, of which he was extremely vain;
+but being much too short, the whole length of his boots was usually
+visible below them. His blanket, loosely rolled up into a large bundle,
+dangled at the back of his saddle, where he carried it tied with a
+string. Four or five times a day it would fall to the ground. Every few
+minutes he would drop his pipe, his knife, his flint and steel, or a
+piece of tobacco, and have to scramble down to pick them up. In doing
+this he would contrive to get in everybody's way; and as the most of the
+party were by no means remarkable for a fastidious choice of language, a
+storm of anathemas would be showered upon him, half in earnest and half
+in jest, until Tete Rouge would declare that there was no comfort in
+life, and that he never saw such fellows before.
+
+On the next afternoon, as we moved along the bank of the river, we saw
+the white tops of wagons on the horizon. It was some hours before we met
+them, when they proved to be a train of clumsy ox-wagons, quite
+different from the rakish vehicles of the Santa Fe traders, and loaded
+with government stores for the troops. They all stopped, and the
+drivers gathered around us in a crowd. I thought that the whole frontier
+might have been ransacked in vain to furnish men worse fitted to meet
+the dangers of the prairie. Many of them were mere boys, fresh from the
+plow, and devoid of knowledge and experience.
+
+Just after leaving the government wagons, as Shaw and I were riding
+along a narrow passage between the river bank and a rough hill that
+passed close upon it, we heard Tete Rouge's voice behind us. "Hallo!" he
+called out; "I say, stop the cart just for a minute, will you?"
+
+"What's the matter, Tete?" asked Shaw, as he came riding up to us with a
+grin of exultation. He had a bottle of molasses in one hand, and a large
+bundle of hides on the saddle before him, containing, as he triumphantly
+informed us, sugar, biscuits, coffee, and rice. These supplies he had
+obtained by a stratagem on which he greatly plumed himself, and he was
+extremely vexed and astonished that we did not fall in with his views of
+the matter. He had told Coates, the master-wagoner, that the commissary
+at the fort had given him an order for sick-rations, directed to the
+master of any government train which he might meet upon the road. This
+order he had unfortunately lost, but he hoped that the rations would not
+be refused on that account, as he was suffering from coarse fare and
+needed them very much. As soon as he came to camp that night Tete Rouge
+repaired to the box at the back of the cart, where Delorier used to keep
+his culinary apparatus, took possession of a saucepan, and after
+building a little fire of his own, set to work preparing a meal out of
+his ill-gotten booty. This done, he seized on a tin plate and spoon, and
+sat down under the cart to regale himself. His preliminary repast did
+not at all prejudice his subsequent exertions at supper; where, in spite
+of his miniature dimensions, he made a better figure than any of us.
+Indeed, about this time his appetite grew quite voracious. He began to
+thrive wonderfully. His small body visibly expanded, and his cheeks,
+which when we first took him were rather yellow and cadaverous, now
+dilated in a wonderful manner, and became ruddy in proportion. Tete
+Rouge, in short, began to appear like another man.
+
+
+THE CHASE
+
+The country before us was now thronged with buffalo, and a sketch of the
+manner of hunting them will not be out of place. There are two methods
+commonly practiced, "running" and "approaching." The chase on horseback,
+which goes by the name of "running," is the more violent and dashing
+mode of the two. Indeed, of all American wild sports, this is the
+wildest. Once among the buffalo, the hunter, unless long use has made
+him familiar with the situation, dashes forward in utter recklessness
+and self-abandonment. He thinks of nothing, cares for nothing, but the
+game; his mind is stimulated to the highest pitch, yet intensely
+concentrated on one object. In the midst of the flying herd, where the
+uproar and the dust are thickest, it never wavers for a moment; he drops
+the rein and abandons his horse to his furious career; he levels his
+gun, the report sounds faint amid the thunder of the buffalo; and when
+his wounded enemy leaps in vain fury upon him, his heart thrills with a
+feeling like the fierce delight of the battlefield. A practiced and
+skilful hunter, well mounted, will sometimes kill five or six cows in a
+single chase, loading his gun again and again as his horse rushes
+through the tumult. An exploit like this is quite beyond the capacities
+of a novice.
+
+In attacking a small band of buffalo, or in separating a single animal
+from the herd and assailing it apart from the rest, there is less
+excitement and less danger. With a bold and well-trained horse the
+hunter may ride so close to the buffalo that as they gallop side by side
+he may reach over and touch him with his hand; nor is there much danger
+in this as long as the buffalo's strength and breath continue unabated;
+but when he becomes tired and can no longer run at ease, when his tongue
+lolls out and foam flies from his jaws, then the hunter had better keep
+at a respectful distance; the distressed brute may turn upon him at any
+instant; and especially at the moment when he fires his gun. The wounded
+buffalo springs at his enemy; the horse leaps violently aside; and then
+the hunter has need of a tenacious seat in the saddle, for if he is
+thrown to the ground there is no hope for him. When he sees his attack
+defeated the buffalo resumes his flight, but if the shot be well
+directed he soon stops; for a few minutes he stands still, then totters
+and falls heavily upon the prairie.
+
+The chief difficulty in running buffalo, as it seems to me, is that of
+loading the gun or pistol at full gallop. Many hunters for convenience'
+sake carry three or four bullets in the mouth; the powder is poured
+down the muzzle of the piece, the bullet dropped in after it, the stock
+struck hard upon the pommel of the saddle, and the work is done. The
+danger of this method is obvious. Should the blow on the pommel fail to
+send the bullet home, or should the latter, in the act of aiming, start
+from its place and roll toward the muzzle, the gun would probably burst
+in discharging. Many a shattered hand and worse casualties besides have
+been the result of such an accident. To obviate it, some hunters make
+use of a ramrod, usually hung by a string from the neck, but this
+materially increases the difficulty of loading. The bows and arrows
+which the Indians use in running buffalo have many advantages over
+firearms, and even white men occasionally employ them.
+
+The danger of the chase arises not so much from the onset of the wounded
+animal as from the nature of the ground which the hunter must ride over.
+The prairie does not always present a smooth, level, and uniform
+surface; very often it is broken with hills and hollows, intersected by
+ravines, and in the remoter parts studded by the stiff wild-sage bushes.
+The most formidable obstructions, however, are the burrows of wild
+animals, wolves, badgers, and particularly prairie dogs, with whose
+holes the ground for a very great extent is frequently honeycombed. In
+the blindness of the chase the hunter rushes over it unconscious of
+danger; his horse, at full career, thrusts his leg deep into one of the
+burrows; the bone snaps, the rider is hurled forward to the ground and
+probably killed. Yet accidents in buffalo running happen less frequently
+than one would suppose; in the recklessness of the chase, the hunter
+enjoys all the impunity of a drunken man, and may ride in safety over
+the gullies and declivities where, should he attempt to pass in his
+sober senses, he would infallibly break his neck.
+
+The method of "approaching," being practiced on foot, has many
+advantages over that of "running"; in the former, one neither breaks
+down his horse nor endangers his own life; instead of yielding to
+excitement he must be cool, collected, and watchful; he must understand
+the buffalo, observe the features of the country and the course of the
+wind, and be well skilled, moreover, in using the rifle. The buffalo are
+strange animals; sometimes they are so stupid and infatuated that a man
+may walk up to them in full sight on the open prairie and even shoot
+several of their number before the rest will think it necessary to
+retreat. Again at another moment they will be so shy and wary, that in
+order to approach them the utmost skill, experience, and judgment are
+necessary. Kit Carson, I believe, stands pre-eminent in running buffalo;
+in approaching, no man living can bear away the palm from Henry
+Chatillon.
+
+The next day was one of activity and excitement, for about ten o'clock
+the men in advance shouted the gladdening cry of "Buffalo, buffalo!" and
+in the hollow of the prairie just below us, a band of bulls were
+grazing. The temptation was irresistible, and Shaw and I rode down upon
+them. We were badly mounted on our traveling horses, but by hard lashing
+we overtook them, and Shaw, running alongside of a bull, shot into him
+both balls of his double-barreled gun. Looking around as I galloped
+past, I saw the bull in his mortal fury rushing again and again upon
+his antagonist, whose horse constantly leaped aside, and avoided the
+onset. My chase was more protracted, but at length I ran close to the
+bull and killed him with my pistols. Cutting off the tails of our
+victims by way of trophy, we rejoined the party in about a quarter of an
+hour after we left it.
+
+Again and again that morning rang out the same welcome cry of "Buffalo,
+buffalo!" Every few minutes in the broad meadows along the river, we
+would see bands of bulls, who, raising their shaggy heads, would gaze in
+stupid amazement at the approaching horsemen, and then breaking into a
+clumsy gallop, would file off in a long line across the trail in front,
+toward the rising prairie on the left. At noon, the whole plain before
+us was alive with thousands of buffalo--bulls, cows, and calves--all
+moving rapidly as we drew near; and far off beyond the river the
+swelling prairie was darkened with them to the very horizon. The party
+was in gayer spirits than ever. We stopped for a nooning near a grove of
+trees by the river-side.
+
+"Tongues and hump ribs to-morrow," said Shaw, looking with contempt at
+the venison steaks which Delorier placed before us. Our meal finished,
+we lay down under a temporary awning to sleep. A shout from Henry
+Chatillon aroused us, and we saw him standing on the cart-wheel,
+stretching his tall figure to its full height while he looked toward the
+prairie beyond the river. Following the direction of his eyes we could
+clearly distinguish a large dark object, like the black shadow of a
+cloud, passing rapidly over swell after swell of the distant plain;
+behind it followed another of similar appearance though smaller. Its
+motion was more rapid, and it drew closer and closer to the first. It
+was Arapahoe hunters pursuing a band of buffalo. Shaw and I hastily
+sought and saddled our best horses, and went plunging through sand and
+water to the farther bank. We were too late. The hunters had already
+mingled with the herd, and the work of slaughter was nearly over. When
+we reached the ground we found it strewn far and near with numberless
+black carcasses, while the remnants of the herd, scattered in all
+directions, were flying away in terror, and the Indians still rushing in
+pursuit. Many of the hunters, however, remained upon the spot, and among
+the rest was our yesterday's acquaintance, the chief of the village. He
+had alighted by the side of a cow, into which he had shot five or six
+arrows, and his squaw, who had followed him on horseback to the hunt,
+was giving him a draught of water out of a canteen, purchased or
+plundered from some volunteer soldier. Recrossing the river we overtook
+the party, who were already on their way.
+
+We had scarcely gone a mile when an imposing spectacle presented itself.
+From the river bank on the right, away over the swelling prairie on the
+left, and in front as far as we could see, extended one vast host of
+buffalo. The outskirts of the herd were within a quarter of a mile. In
+many parts they were crowded so densely together that in the distance
+their rounded backs presented a surface of uniform blackness; but
+elsewhere they were more scattered, and from amid the multitude rose
+little columns of dust where the buffalo were rolling on the ground.
+Here and there a great confusion was perceptible, where a battle was
+going forward among the bulls. We could distinctly see them rushing
+against each other, and hear the clattering of their horns and their
+hoarse bellowing. Shaw was riding at some distance in advance, with
+Henry Chatillon; I saw him stop and draw the leather covering from his
+gun. Indeed, with such a sight before us, but one thing could be thought
+of. That morning I had used pistols in the chase. I had now a mind to
+try the virtue of a gun. Delorier had one, and I rode up to the side of
+the cart; there he sat under the white covering, biting his pipe between
+his teeth and grinning with excitement.
+
+[Illustration: ONE VAST HOST OF BUFFALO]
+
+"Lend me your gun, Delorier," said I.
+
+"_Oui, monsieur, oui_,"[126-1] said Delorier, tugging with might and
+main to stop the mule, which seemed obstinately bent on going forward.
+Then everything but his moccasins disappeared as he crawled into the
+cart and pulled at the gun to extricate it.
+
+"_Oui, bien charge_;[126-2] you'll kill, _mon bourgeois_;[126-3] yes,
+you'll kill--_c'est un bon fusil_."[126-4]
+
+I handed him my rifle and rode forward to Shaw.
+
+"Are you ready?" he asked.
+
+"Come on," said I.
+
+"Keep down that hollow," said Henry, "and then they won't see you till
+you get close to them."
+
+The hollow was a kind of ravine very wide and shallow; it ran obliquely
+toward the buffalo, and we rode at a canter along the bottom until it
+became too shallow, when we bent close to our horses' necks, and then
+finding that it could no longer conceal us, came out of it and rode
+directly toward the herd. It was within gunshot; before its outskirts,
+numerous grizzly old bulls were scattered, holding guard over their
+females. They glared at us in anger and astonishment, walked toward us a
+few yards, and then turning slowly round retreated at a trot which
+afterward broke into a clumsy gallop. In an instant the main body caught
+the alarm. The buffalo began to crowd away from the point toward which
+we were approaching, and a gap was opened in the side of the herd. We
+entered it, still restraining our excited horses. Every instant the
+tumult was thickening. The buffalo, pressing together in large bodies,
+crowded away from us on every hand. In front and on either side we could
+see dark columns and masses, half hidden by clouds of dust, rushing
+along in terror and confusion, and hear the tramp and clattering of ten
+thousand hoofs. That countless multitude of powerful brutes, ignorant of
+their own strength, were flying in a panic from the approach of two
+feeble horsemen. To remain quiet longer was impossible.
+
+"Take that band on the left," said Shaw; "I'll take these in front."
+
+He sprang off, and I saw no more of him. A heavy Indian whip was
+fastened by a band to my wrist; I swung it into the air and lashed my
+horse's flank with all the strength of my arm. Away she darted,
+stretching close to the ground. I could see nothing but a cloud of dust
+before me, but I knew that it concealed a band of many hundreds of
+buffalo. In a moment I was in the midst of the cloud, half suffocated by
+the dust and stunned by the trampling of the flying herd; but I was
+drunk with the chase and cared for nothing but the buffalo. Very soon a
+long dark mass became visible, looming through the dust; then I could
+distinguish each bulky carcass, the hoofs flying out beneath, the short
+tails held rigidly erect. In a moment I was so close that I could have
+touched them with my gun.
+
+Suddenly, to my utter amazement, the hoofs were jerked upward, the tails
+flourished in the air, and amid a cloud of dust the buffalo seemed to
+sink into the earth before me. One vivid impression of that instant upon
+my mind. I remember looking down upon the backs of several buffalo dimly
+visible through the dust. We had run unawares upon a ravine. At that
+moment I was not the most accurate judge of depth and width, but when I
+passed it on my return, I found it about twelve feet deep and not quite
+twice as wide at the bottom. It was impossible to stop; I would have
+done so gladly if I could; so, half sliding, half plunging, down went
+the little mare. I believe she came down on her knees in the loose sand
+at the bottom; I was pitched forward violently against her neck and
+nearly thrown over her head among the buffalo, who amid dust and
+confusion came tumbling in all around. The mare was on her feet in an
+instant and scrambling like a cat up the opposite side. I thought for a
+moment that she would have fallen back and crushed me, but with a
+violent effort she clambered out and gained the hard prairie above.
+Glancing back I saw the huge head of a bull clinging as it were by the
+forefeet at the edge of the dusty gulf. At length I was fairly among the
+buffalo. They were less densely crowded than before, and I could see
+nothing but bulls, who always run at the rear of the herd. As I passed
+amid them they would lower their heads, and turning as they ran, attempt
+to gore my horse; but as they were already at full speed there was no
+force in their onset, and as Pauline ran faster than they, they were
+always thrown behind her in the effort.
+
+I soon began to distinguish cows amid the throng. One just in front of
+me seemed to my liking, and I pushed close to her side. Dropping the
+reins I fired, holding the muzzle of the gun within a foot of her
+shoulder. Quick as lightning she sprang at Pauline; the little mare
+dodged the attack, and I lost sight of the wounded animal amid the
+tumultuous crowd. Immediately after I selected another, and urging
+forward Pauline, shot into her both pistols in succession. For a while I
+kept her in view, but in attempting to load my gun, lost sight of her
+also in the confusion. Believing her to be mortally wounded and unable
+to keep up with the herd, I checked my horse. The crowd rushed onward.
+The dust and tumult passed away, and on the prairie, far behind the
+rest, I saw a solitary buffalo galloping heavily. In a moment I and my
+victim were running side by side. My firearms were all empty, and I had
+in my pouch nothing but rifle bullets, too large for the pistols and too
+small for the gun. I loaded the latter, however, but as often as I
+leveled it to fire, the little bullets would roll out of the muzzle and
+the gun returned only a faint report like a squib, as the powder
+harmlessly exploded. I galloped in front of the buffalo, and attempted
+to turn her back; but her eyes glared, her mane bristled, and lowering
+her head, she rushed at me with astonishing fierceness and activity.
+Again and again I rode before her, and again and again she repeated her
+furious charge. But little Pauline was in her element. She dodged her
+enemy at every rush, until at length the buffalo stood still, exhausted
+with her own efforts; she panted, and her tongue hung lolling from her
+jaws.
+
+Riding to a little distance I alighted, thinking to gather a handful of
+dry grass to serve the purpose of wadding, and load the gun at my
+leisure. No sooner were my feet on the ground than the buffalo came
+bounding in such a rage toward me that I jumped back again into the
+saddle with all possible dispatch. After waiting a few minutes more, I
+made an attempt to ride up and stab her with my knife; but the
+experiment proved such as no wise man would repeat. At length,
+bethinking me of the fringes at the seams of my buckskin pantaloons, I
+jerked off a few of them, and reloading the gun, forced them down the
+barrel to keep the bullet in its place; then approaching, I shot the
+wounded buffalo through the heart. Sinking to her knees, she rolled over
+lifeless on the prairie. To my astonishment, I found that instead of a
+fat cow I had been slaughtering a stout yearling bull. No longer
+wondering at the fierceness he had shown, I opened his throat, and
+cutting out his tongue, tied it at the back of my saddle. My mistake was
+one which a more experienced eye than mine might easily make in the dust
+and confusion of such a chase.
+
+Then for the first time I had leisure to look at the scene around me.
+The prairie in front was darkened with the retreating multitude, and on
+the other hand the buffalo came filing up in endless unbroken columns
+from the low plains upon the river. The Arkansas was three or four miles
+distant. I turned and moved slowly toward it. A long time passed,
+before, far down in the distance, I distinguished the white covering of
+the cart and the little black specks of horsemen before and behind it.
+Drawing near, I recognized Shaw's elegant tunic, the red flannel shirt,
+conspicuous far off. I overtook the party, and asked him what success
+he had met with. He had assailed a fat cow, shot her with two bullets,
+and mortally wounded her. But neither of us were prepared for the chase
+that afternoon, and Shaw, like myself, had no spare bullets in his
+pouch; so he abandoned the disabled animal to Henry Chatillon, who
+followed, dispatched her with his rifle, and loaded his horse with her
+meat.
+
+We encamped close to the river. The night was dark, and as we lay down
+we could hear mingled with the howling of the wolves the hoarse
+bellowing of the buffalo, like the ocean beating upon a distant coast.
+
+
+THE BUFFALO CAMP
+
+The morning was a bright and gay one, and the air so clear that on the
+farthest horizon the outline of the pale blue prairie was sharply drawn
+against the sky. Shaw felt in the mood for hunting; he rode in advance
+of the party, and before long we saw a file of bulls galloping at full
+speed upon a vast green swell of the prairie at some distance in front.
+Shaw came scouring along behind them, arrayed in his red shirt, which
+looked very well in the distance; he gained fast on the fugitives, and
+as the foremost bull was disappearing behind the summit of the swell, we
+saw him in the act of assailing the hindmost; a smoke sprang from the
+muzzle of his gun, and floated away like a little white cloud; the bull
+turned upon him, and just then the rising ground concealed them both
+from view.
+
+We were moving forward until about noon, when we stopped by the side of
+the Arkansas. At that moment Shaw appeared riding slowly down the side
+of a distant hill; his horse was tired and jaded; and when he threw his
+saddle upon the ground, I observed that the tails of two bulls were
+dangling behind it. No sooner were the horses turned loose to feed than
+Henry, asking Munroe to go with him, took his rifle and walked quietly
+away. Shaw, Tete Rouge and I sat down by the side of the cart to discuss
+the dinner which Delorier placed before us; we had scarcely finished
+when we saw Munroe walking toward us along the river bank. Henry, he
+said, had killed four fat cows, and had sent him back for horses to
+bring in the meat. Shaw took a horse for himself and another for Henry,
+and he and Munroe left the camp together.
+
+After a short absence all three of them came back, their horses loaded
+with the choicest parts of the meat; we kept two of the cows for
+ourselves and gave the others to Munroe and his companions. Delorier
+seated himself on the grass before the pile of meat, and worked
+industriously for some time to cut it into thin broad sheets for drying.
+This is no easy matter, but Delorier had all the skill of an Indian
+squaw. Long before night cords of rawhide were stretched around the
+camp, and the meat was hung upon them to dry in the sunshine and pure
+air of the prairie. Our California companions were less successful at
+the work; but they accomplished it after their own fashion, and their
+side of the camp was soon garnished in the same manner as our own.
+
+We meant to remain at this place long enough to prepare provisions for
+our journey to the frontier, which as we supposed might occupy about a
+month. Had the distance been twice as great and the party ten times as
+large, the unerring rifle of Henry Chatillon would have supplied meat
+enough for the whole within two days; we were obliged to remain,
+however, until it should be dry enough for transportation; so we erected
+our tent and made the other arrangements for a permanent camp.
+
+In the meantime we had nothing to do but amuse ourselves. Our tent was
+within a rod of the river, if the broad sand-beds, with a scanty stream
+of water coursing here and there along their surface, deserve to be
+dignified with the name of river. The vast plains on either side were
+almost level with the sand-beds, and they were bounded in the distance
+by low, monotonous hills, parallel to the course of the Arkansas. All
+was one expanse of grass; there was no wood in view, except some trees
+and stunted bushes upon two islands which rose from amid the wet sands
+of the river. Yet far from being dull and tame, this boundless scene was
+often a wild and animated one; for twice a day, at sunrise and at noon,
+the buffalo came issuing from the hills, slowly advancing in their grave
+processions to drink at the river. All our amusements were at their
+expense. Except an elephant, I have seen no animal that can surpass a
+buffalo bull in size and strength, and the world may be searched in vain
+to find anything of a more ugly and ferocious aspect. At first sight of
+him every feeling of sympathy vanishes; no man who has not experienced
+it can understand with what keen relish one inflicts his death wound,
+with what profound contentment of mind he beholds him fall.
+
+The cows are much smaller and of a gentler appearance, as becomes their
+sex. While in this camp we forebore to attack them, leaving to Henry
+Chatillon, who could better judge their fatness and good quality, the
+task of killing such as we wanted for use; but against the bulls we
+waged an unrelenting war. Thousands of them might be slaughtered without
+causing any detriment to the species, for their numbers greatly exceed
+those of the cows; it is the hides of the latter alone which are used
+for the purpose of commerce and for making the lodges of the Indians;
+and the destruction among them is therefore altogether disproportioned.
+
+Our horses were tired, and we now usually hunted on foot. The wide, flat
+sand-beds of the Arkansas, as the reader will remember, lay close by the
+side of our camp. While we were lying on the grass after dinner,
+smoking, conversing, or laughing at Tete Rouge, one of us would look up
+and observe, far out on the plains beyond the river, certain black
+objects slowly approaching. He would inhale a parting whiff from the
+pipe, then rising lazily, take his rifle, which leaned against the cart,
+throw over his shoulder the strap of his pouch and powder-horn, and with
+his moccasins in his hand walk quietly across the sand toward the
+opposite side of the river.
+
+This was very easy; for though the sands were about a quarter of a mile
+wide, the water was nowhere more than two feet deep. The farther bank
+was about four or five feet high, and quite perpendicular, being cut
+away by the water in spring. Tall grass grew along its edge. Putting it
+aside with his hand, and cautiously looking through it, the hunter can
+discern the huge shaggy back of the buffalo slowly swaying to and fro,
+as with his clumsy swinging gait he advances toward the water. The
+buffalo have regular paths by which they come down to drink. Seeing at
+a glance along which of these his intended victim is moving, the hunter
+crouches under the bank within fifteen or twenty yards, it may be, of
+the point where the path enters the river. Here he sits down quietly on
+the sand. Listening intently, he hears the heavy, monotonous tread of
+the approaching bull. The moment after he sees a motion among the long
+weeds and grass just at the spot where the path is channeled through the
+bank. An enormous black head is thrust out, the horns just visible amid
+the mass of tangled mane. Half sliding, half plunging, down comes the
+buffalo upon the river-bed below. He steps out in full sight upon the
+sands. Just before him a runnel of water is gliding, and he bends his
+head to drink. You may hear the water as it gurgles down his capacious
+throat. He raises his head, and the drops trickle from his wet beard. He
+stands with an air of stupid abstraction, unconscious of the lurking
+danger. Noiselessly the hunter cocks his rifle. As he sits upon the
+sand, his knee is raised, and his elbow rests upon it, that he may level
+his heavy weapon with a steadier aim. The stock is at his shoulder; his
+eye ranges along the barrel. Still he is in no haste to fire. The bull,
+with slow deliberation, begins his march over the sands to the other
+side. He advances his fore-leg, and exposes to view a small spot denuded
+of hair, just behind the point of his shoulder; upon this the hunter
+brings the sight of his rifle to bear; lightly and delicately his finger
+presses upon the hair-trigger. Quick as thought the spiteful crack of
+the rifle responds to his slight touch, and instantly in the middle of
+the bare spot appears a small red dot. The buffalo shivers; death has
+overtaken him, he cannot tell from whence; still he does not fall, but
+walks heavily forward, as if nothing had happened. Yet before he has
+advanced far out upon the sand, you see him stop; he totters; his knees
+bend under him, and his head sinks forward to the ground. Then his whole
+vast bulk sways to one side; he rolls over on the sand, and dies with a
+scarcely perceptible struggle.
+
+Waylaying the buffalo in this manner, and shooting them as they come to
+water, is the easiest and laziest method of hunting them. They may also
+be approached by crawling up ravines or behind hills, or even over the
+open prairie. This is often surprisingly easy; but at other times it
+requires the utmost skill of the most experienced hunter. Henry
+Chatillon was a man of extraordinary strength and hardihood; but I have
+seen him return to camp quite exhausted with his efforts, his limbs
+scratched and wounded, and his buckskin dress stuck full of thorns of
+the prickly pear among which he had been crawling. Sometimes he would
+lie flat upon his face, and drag himself along in this position for many
+rods together.
+
+On the second day of our stay at this place, Henry went out for an
+afternoon hunt. Shaw and I remained in camp until, observing some bulls
+approaching the water from the other side of the river, we crossed over
+to attack them. They were so near, however, that before we could get
+under cover of the bank our appearance as we walked over the sands
+alarmed them. Turning round before coming within gunshot, they began to
+move off to the right in a direction parallel to the river. I climbed up
+the bank and ran after them. They were walking swiftly, and before I
+could come within gunshot distance they slowly wheeled about and faced
+toward me. Before they had turned far enough to see me I had fallen flat
+on my face. For a moment they stood and stared at the strange object
+upon the grass; then turning away, again they walked on as before; and
+I, rising immediately ran once more in pursuit. Again they wheeled
+about, and again I fell prostrate. Repeating this three or four times, I
+came at length within a hundred yards of the fugitives, and as I saw
+them turning again I sat down and leveled my rifle. The one in the
+center was the largest I had ever seen. I shot him behind the shoulder.
+His two companions ran off. He attempted to follow, but soon came to a
+stand, and at length lay down as quietly as an ox chewing the cud.
+Cautiously approaching him, I saw by his dull and jellylike eye that he
+was dead.
+
+When I began the chase, the prairie was almost tenantless; but a great
+multitude of buffalo had suddenly thronged upon it, and looking up, I
+saw within fifty rods a heavy, dark column stretching to the right and
+left as far as I could see. I walked toward them. My approach did not
+alarm them in the least. The column itself consisted entirely of cows
+and calves, but a great many old bulls were ranging about the prairie on
+its flank, and as I drew near they faced toward me with such a shaggy
+and ferocious look that I thought it best to proceed no farther. Indeed,
+I was already within close rifle-shot of the column, and I sat down on
+the ground to watch their movements. Sometimes the whole would stand
+still, their heads all facing one way; then they would trot forward, as
+if by common impulse, their hoofs and horns clattering together as they
+moved.
+
+I soon began to hear at a distance on the left the sharp reports of a
+rifle, again and again repeated; and not long after, dull and heavy
+sounds succeeded, which I recognized as the familiar voice of Shaw's
+double-barreled gun. When Henry's rifle was at work there was always
+meat to be brought in. I went back across the river for a horse, and
+returning, reached the spot where the hunters were standing. The buffalo
+were visible on the distant prairie. The living had retreated from the
+ground, but ten or twelve carcasses were scattered in various
+directions. Henry, knife in hand, was stooping over a dead cow, cutting
+away the best and fattest of the meat.
+
+When Shaw left me he had walked down for some distance under the river
+bank to find another bull. At length he saw the plains covered with the
+host of buffalo, and soon after heard the crack of Henry's rifle.
+Ascending the bank, he crawled through the grass, which for a rod or two
+from the river was very high and rank. He had not crawled far before to
+his astonishment he saw Henry standing erect upon the prairie, almost
+surrounded by the buffalo.
+
+Henry was in his appropriate element. Nelson, on the deck of the
+_Victory_, hardly felt a prouder sense of mastery than he. Quite
+unconscious that any one was looking at him, he stood at the full height
+of his tall, strong figure, one hand resting upon his side, and the
+other arm leaning carelessly on the muzzle of his rifle. His eyes were
+ranging over the singular assemblage around him. Now and then he would
+select such a cow as suited him, level his rifle, and shoot her dead;
+then quietly reloading, he would resume his former position. The
+buffalo seemed no more to regard his presence than if he were one of
+themselves; the bulls were bellowing and butting at each other, or else
+rolling about in the dust. A group of buffalo would gather about the
+carcass of a dead cow, snuffing at her wounds; and sometimes they would
+come behind those that had not yet fallen, and endeavor to push them
+from the spot. Now and then some old bull would face toward Henry with
+an air of stupid amazement, but none seemed inclined to attack or fly
+from him.
+
+For some time Shaw lay among the grass, looking in surprise at this
+extraordinary sight; at length he crawled cautiously forward, and spoke
+in a low voice to Henry, who told him to rise and come on. Still the
+buffalo showed no sign of fear; they remained gathered about their dead
+companions. Henry had already killed as many cows as we wanted for use,
+and Shaw, kneeling behind one of the carcasses, shot five bulls before
+the rest thought it necessary to disperse.
+
+The frequent stupidity and infatuation of the buffalo seems the more
+remarkable from the contrast it offers to their wildness and wariness at
+other times. Henry knew all their peculiarities; he had studied them as
+a scholar studies his books, and he derived quite as much pleasure from
+the occupation. The buffalo were a kind of companions to him, and as he
+said, he never felt alone when they were about him. He took great pride
+in his skill in hunting. Henry was one of the most modest of men; yet in
+the simplicity and frankness of his character, it was quite clear that
+he looked upon his pre-eminence in this respect as a thing too palpable
+and well established ever to be disputed. But whatever may have been
+his estimate of his own skill, it was rather below than above that which
+others placed upon it. The only time that I ever saw a shade of scorn
+darken his face was when two volunteer soldiers, who had just killed a
+buffalo for the first time, undertook to instruct him as to the best
+method of "approaching." Henry always seemed to think that he had a sort
+of prescriptive right to the buffalo, and to look upon them as something
+belonging peculiarly to himself. Nothing excited his indignation so much
+as any wanton destruction among the cows, and in his view shooting a
+calf was a cardinal sin.
+
+Henry Chatillon and Tete Rouge were of the same age; that is, about
+thirty. Henry was twice as large, and fully six times as strong as Tete
+Rouge. Henry's face was roughened by winds and storms; Tete Rouge's was
+bloated by sherry cobblers and brandy toddy. Henry talked of Indians and
+buffalo; Tete Rouge of theaters and oyster cellars. Henry had led a life
+of hardship and privation; Tete Rouge never had a whim which he would
+not gratify at the first moment he was able. Henry moreover was the most
+disinterested man I ever saw; while Tete Rouge, though equally
+good-natured in his way, cared for nobody but himself. Yet we would not
+have lost him on any account; he admirably served the purpose of a
+jester in a feudal castle; our camp would have been lifeless without
+him. For the past week he had fattened in a most amazing manner; and
+indeed this was not at all surprising, since his appetite was most
+inordinate. He was eating from morning till night; half the time he
+would be at work cooking some private repast for himself, and he paid a
+visit to the coffee-pot eight or ten times a day. His rueful and
+disconsolate face became jovial and rubicund, his eyes stood out like a
+lobster's, and his spirits, which before were sunk to the depths of
+despondency, were now elated in proportion; all day he was singing,
+whistling, laughing, and telling stories. As he had a considerable fund
+of humor, his anecdotes were extremely amusing, especially since he
+never hesitated to place himself in a ludicrous point of view, provided
+he could raise a laugh by doing so.
+
+Tete Rouge, however, was sometimes rather troublesome; he had an
+inveterate habit of pilfering provisions at all times of the day. He set
+ridicule at utter defiance; and being without a particle of
+self-respect, he would never have given over his tricks, even if they
+had drawn upon him the scorn of the whole party. Now and then, indeed,
+something worse than laughter fell to his share; on these occasions he
+would exhibit much contrition, but half an hour after we would generally
+observe him stealing round to the box at the back of the cart and slyly
+making off with the provisions which Delorier had laid by for supper. He
+was very fond of smoking; but having no tobacco of his own, we used to
+provide him with as much as he wanted, a small piece at a time. At first
+we gave him half a pound together, but this experiment proved an entire
+failure, for he invariably lost not only the tobacco, but the knife
+intrusted to him for cutting it, and a few minutes after he would come
+to us with many apologies and beg for more.
+
+We had been two days at this camp, and some of the meat was nearly fit
+for transportation, when a storm came suddenly upon us. About sunset
+the whole sky grew as black as ink, and the long grass at the river's
+edge bent and rose mournfully with the first gusts of the approaching
+hurricane. Delorier ensconced himself under the cover of the cart. Shaw
+and I, together with Henry and Tete Rouge, crowded into the little tent;
+but first of all the dried meat was piled together, and well protected
+by buffalo robes pinned firmly to the ground.
+
+About nine o'clock the storm broke, amid absolute darkness; it blew a
+gale, and torrents of rain roared over the boundless expanse of open
+prairie. Our tent was filled with mist and spray beating through the
+canvas, and saturating everything within. We could only distinguish each
+other at short intervals by the dazzling flash of lightning, which
+displayed the whole waste around us with its momentary glare. We had our
+fears for the tent; but for an hour or two it stood fast, until at
+length the cap gave way before a furious blast; the pole tore through
+the top, and in an instant we were half suffocated by the cold and
+dripping folds of the canvas, which fell down upon us. Seizing upon our
+guns, we placed them erect, in order to lift the saturated cloth above
+our heads. In this agreeable situation, involved among wet blankets and
+buffalo robes, we spent several hours of the night during which the
+storm would not abate for a moment, but pelted down above our heads with
+merciless fury.
+
+Before long the ground beneath us became soaked with moisture, and the
+water gathered there in a pool two or three inches deep; so that for a
+considerable part of the night we were partially immersed in a cold
+bath. In spite of all this, Tete Rouge's flow of spirits did not desert
+him for an instant; he laughed, whistled, and sung in defiance of the
+storm, and that night he paid off the long arrears of ridicule which he
+owed us. While we lay in silence, enduring the infliction with what
+philosophy we could muster, Tete Rouge, who was intoxicated with animal
+spirits, was cracking jokes at our expense by the hour together.
+
+At about three o'clock in the morning, "preferring the tyranny of the
+open night" to such a wretched shelter, we crawled out from beneath the
+fallen canvas. The wind had abated, but the rain fell steadily. The fire
+of the California men still blazed amid the darkness, and we joined them
+as they sat around it. We made ready some hot coffee by way of
+refreshment; but when some of the party sought to replenish their cups,
+it was found that Tete Rouge, having disposed of his own share, had
+privately abstracted the coffee-pot and drunk up the rest of the
+contents out of the spout.
+
+In the morning, to our great joy, an unclouded sun rose upon the
+prairie. We presented rather a laughable appearance, for the cold and
+clammy buckskin, saturated with water, clung fast to our limbs; the
+light wind and warm sunshine soon dried them again, and then we were all
+incased in armor of intolerable rigidity. Roaming all day over the
+prairie and shooting two or three bulls, were scarcely enough to restore
+the stiffened leather to its usual pliancy.
+
+A great flock of buzzards were usually soaring about a few trees that
+stood on the island just below our camp. Throughout the whole of
+yesterday we had noticed an eagle among them; to-day he was still
+there; and Tete Rouge, declaring that he would kill the bird of America,
+borrowed Delorier's gun and set out on his unpatriotic mission. As might
+have been expected, the eagle suffered no great harm at his hands. He
+soon returned, saying that he could not find him, but had shot a buzzard
+instead. Being required to produce the bird in proof of his assertion,
+he said he believed that he was not quite dead, but he must be hurt,
+from the swiftness with which he flew off.
+
+"If you want," said Tete Rouge, "I'll go and get one of his feathers; I
+knocked off plenty of them when I shot him."
+
+Just opposite our camp was another island covered with bushes, and
+behind it was a deep pool of water, while two or three considerable
+streams coursed over the sand not far off. I was bathing at this place
+in the afternoon when a white wolf, larger than the largest Newfoundland
+dog, ran out from behind the point of the island, and galloped leisurely
+over the sand not half a stone's throw distant. I could plainly see his
+red eyes and the bristles about his snout; he was an ugly scoundrel,
+with a bushy tail, large head, and a most repulsive countenance. Having
+neither rifle to shoot nor stone to pelt him with, I was looking eagerly
+after some missile for his benefit, when the report of a gun came from
+the camp, and the ball threw up the sand just beyond him; at this he
+gave a slight jump, and stretched away so swiftly that he soon dwindled
+into a mere speck on the distant sand-beds.
+
+The number of carcasses that by this time were lying about the prairie
+all around us summoned the wolves from every quarter; the spot where
+Shaw and Henry had hunted together soon became their favorite resort,
+for here about a dozen dead buffalo were fermenting under the hot sun. I
+used often to go over the river and watch them at their meal; by lying
+under the bank it was easy to get a full view of them. Three different
+kinds were present; there were the white wolves and the gray wolves,
+both extremely large, and besides these the small prairie wolves, not
+much bigger than spaniels. They would howl and fight in a crowd around a
+single carcass, yet they were so watchful, and their senses so acute,
+that I was never able to crawl within a fair shooting distance; whenever
+I attempted it, they would all scatter at once and glide silently away
+through the tall grass.
+
+The air above this spot was always full of buzzards or black vultures;
+whenever the wolves left a carcass they would descend upon it, and cover
+it so densely that a rifle-shot at random among the gormandizing crowd
+would generally strike down two or three of them. These birds would now
+be sailing by scores just above our camp, their broad black wings
+seeming half transparent as they expanded them against the bright sky.
+The wolves and the buzzards thickened about us with every hour, and two
+or three eagles also came into the feast. I killed a bull within
+rifle-shot of the camp; that night the wolves made a fearful howling
+close at hand, and in the morning the carcass was completely hollowed
+out by these voracious feeders.
+
+After we had remained four days at this camp we prepared to leave it. We
+had for our own part about five hundred pounds of dried meat, and the
+California men had prepared some three hundred more; this consisted of
+the fattest and choicest parts of eight or nine cows, a very small
+quantity only being taken from each, and the rest abandoned to the
+wolves. The pack animals were laden, the horses were saddled, and the
+mules harnessed to the cart. Even Tete Rouge was ready at last, and
+slowly moving from the ground, we resumed our journey eastward.
+
+When we had advanced about a mile, Shaw missed a valuable hunting knife
+and turned back in search of it, thinking he had left it at the camp. He
+approached the place cautiously, fearful that Indians might be lurking
+about, for a deserted camp is dangerous to return to. He saw no enemy,
+but the scene was a wild and dreary one; the prairie was overshadowed by
+dull, leaden clouds, for the day was dark and gloomy. The ashes of the
+fires were still smoking by the river-side; the grass around them was
+trampled down by men and horses, and strewn with all the litter of a
+camp. Our departure had been a gathering signal to the birds and beasts
+of prey; Shaw assured me that literally dozens of wolves were prowling
+about the smoldering fires, while multitudes were roaming over the
+prairie around; they all fled as he approached, some running over the
+sand-beds and some over the grassy plains. As he searched about the
+fires he saw the wolves seated on the distant hills waiting for his
+departure. Having looked in vain for his knife, he mounted again and
+left the wolves and the vultures to banquet freely upon the carrion of
+the camp.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[126-1] "Yes, sir, yes."
+
+[126-2] "Yes, well loaded."
+
+[126-3] "My master" or "gentleman."
+
+[126-4] "It is a good gun."
+
+
+
+
+THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE
+
+_By_ ALFRED TENNYSON
+
+
+     NOTE.--The Battle of Balaklava, in which the charge commemorated by
+     Tennyson in this poem occurred, was one of the important
+     engagements of the Crimean War, between Russia on the one hand and
+     Turkey, France and England on the other. The battle was fought on
+     October 25th, 1854. Through some error in issuing orders, a brigade
+     of six hundred light cavalry, under Lord Cardigan, was ordered to
+     advance against the Russian center. The numbers of the enemy were
+     overwhelming, and but a remnant of the brigade returned alive.
+
+
+    Half a league, half a league,
+    Half a league onward,
+    All in the valley of Death
+      Rode the six hundred.
+    "Forward, the Light Brigade!
+    Charge for the guns!" he said;
+    Into the valley of death
+      Rode the six hundred.
+
+    "Forward, the Light Brigade!"
+    Was there a man dismay'd?
+    Not tho' the soldier knew
+      Some one had blunder'd:
+    Theirs not to make reply,
+    Theirs not to reason why,
+    Theirs but to do and die:
+    Into the valley of Death
+      Rode the six hundred.
+
+    Cannon to right of them,
+    Cannon to left of them,
+    Cannon in front of them
+      Volley'd and thunder'd;
+    Storm'd at with shot and shell,
+    Boldly they rode and well,
+    Into the jaws of Death,
+    Into the mouth of Hell
+      Rode the six hundred.
+
+    Flash'd all their sabres bare,
+    Flash'd as they turn'd in air
+    Sabring the gunners there,
+    Charging an army, while
+      All the world wonder'd;
+    Plunged in the battery-smoke
+    Right thro' the line they broke;
+    Cossack and Russian
+    Reel'd from the sabre-stroke
+      Shatter'd and sunder'd.
+    Then they rode back, but not,
+      Not the six hundred.
+
+    Cannon to right of them,
+    Cannon to left of them,
+    Cannon behind them
+      Volley'd and thunder'd;
+    Storm'd at with shot and shell,
+    While horse and hero fell,
+    They that had fought so well
+    Came thro' the jaws of Death,
+    Back from the mouth of Hell,
+    All that was left of them,
+      Left of six hundred.
+
+    When can their glory fade?
+    O the wild charge they made!
+      All the world wonder'd.
+    Honor the charge they made!
+    Honor the Light Brigade,
+      Noble six hundred.
+
+
+
+
+FOR A' THAT AND A' THAT
+
+_By_ ROBERT BURNS
+
+
+    Is there, for honest poverty,
+      Wha[149-1] hangs his head, and a' that?
+    The coward slave, we pass him by,
+      We dare be poor for a' that!
+        For a' that, and a' that,
+          Our toils obscure, and a' that;
+        The rank is but the guinea's stamp,
+          The man's the gowd[149-2] for a' that!
+
+    What though on hamely[149-3] fare we dine,
+      Wear hodden-gray,[149-4] and a' that;
+    Gie[149-5] fools their silks, and knaves their wine,
+      A man's a man for a' that!
+        For a' that, and a' that,
+          Their tinsel show and a' that;
+        The honest man though e'er sae poor,
+          Is king o' men for a' that!
+
+    Ye see yon birkie,[150-6] ca'd[150-7] a lord,
+      Wha struts, and stares, and a' that;
+    Though hundreds worship at his word
+      He's but a coof[150-8] for a' that.
+        For a' that, and a' that,
+          His ribbon, star, and a' that;
+        The man of independent mind,
+          He looks and laughs at a' that.
+
+    A prince can mak' a belted knight,
+      A marquis, duke, and a' that;
+    But an honest man's aboon[150-9] his might,
+      Guid faith, he mauna[150-10] fa'[150-11] that!
+        For a' that, and a' that,
+          Their dignities, and a' that;
+        The pith o' sense, and pride o' worth,
+          Are higher rank than a' that.
+
+    Then let us pray that come it may--
+      As come it will for a' that--
+    That sense and worth, o'er a' the earth,
+      May bear the gree,[150-12] and a' that.
+        For a' that, and a' that,
+          It's coming yet, for a' that,
+        When man to man, the warld o'er,
+          Shall brithers be for a' that!
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[149-1] _Wha_ is the Scotch form of _who_. It modifies _a man_,
+understood, after _is there_.
+
+[149-2] _Gowd_ means _gold_.
+
+[149-3] _Hamely_ means _homely_, in the sense of _simple_, or _common_.
+
+[149-4] Hodden-gray is coarse woolen cloth.
+
+[149-5] _Gie_ is the Scotch contraction for _give_.
+
+[150-6] A birkie is a conceited, forward fellow.
+
+[150-7] _Ca'd_ is a contracted form of _called_.
+
+[150-8] A coof is a stupid person, a blockhead.
+
+[150-9] _Aboon_ means above.
+
+[150-10] _Mauna_ is _must not_.
+
+[150-11] _Fa_' means _try_.
+
+[150-12] _Bear the gree_ means _carry off the victory_.
+
+
+
+
+BREATHES THERE THE MAN
+
+_By_ SIR WALTER SCOTT
+
+
+    Breathes there the man with soul so dead
+    Who never to himself hath said,
+    This is my own, my native land!
+    Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned,
+    As home his footsteps he hath turned
+      From wandering on a foreign strand?
+    If such there breathe, go, mark him well;
+    For him no minstrel raptures swell;
+    High though his titles, proud his name,
+    Boundless his wealth as wish can claim,
+    Despite those titles, power, and pelf,
+    The wretch, concentred all in self,
+    Living, shall forfeit fair renown,
+    And, doubly dying, shall go down
+    To the vile dust from whence he sprung,
+    Unwept, unhonored, and unsung.
+
+
+
+
+HOW SLEEP THE BRAVE
+
+_By_ WILLIAM COLLINS
+
+
+    How sleep the brave, who sink to rest
+    By all their country's wishes blessed!
+    When Spring, with dewy fingers cold,
+    Returns to deck their hallowed mould,
+    She there shall dress a sweeter sod
+    Than Fancy's feet have ever trod.
+
+    By fairy hands their knell is rung;
+    By forms unseen their dirge is sung;
+    There Honor comes, a pilgrim gray,
+    To bless the turf that wraps their clay;
+    And Freedom shall awhile repair,
+    To dwell a weeping hermit there!
+
+
+
+
+QUEEN VICTORIA
+
+_By_ ANNA MCCALEB
+
+
+George III, King of England, was by no means fortunate in his sons, for
+there was in the most of them little of which a father could be proud.
+Edward, Duke of Kent, the fourth son, was by far the best; he was
+honorable, generous and charitable, so much so in fact that he lived far
+beyond the small income which his royal father was willing to allow him.
+This son married, and to him was born on the twenty-fourth of May, 1819,
+in the Palace of Kensington at London, a daughter.
+
+One month after her birth the child was baptized with great ceremony, a
+gold font being brought from the Tower for the purpose, and the
+Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of London officiating. The
+Prince of Wales, at that time acting as Prince Regent in the place of
+his father, who was insane, was the chief sponsor for the child, and he
+gave her the name of Alexandrina in honor of Alexander, Emperor of
+Russia. The Duke of Kent wished her to bear her mother's name also, and
+George IV added the name Victoria. "Little Drina," the child was usually
+called when she was small, but when she grew older she decided that her
+mother's name should stand second to no other, and desired that she be
+called simply Victoria. There were uncles and cousins and her own father
+between the little princess and the throne, and it did not look as if
+her chances of becoming queen were very great, so that people used to
+laugh indulgently when the Duke of Kent would produce his baby and say
+proudly, "Look at her well; she will yet be Queen of England."
+
+Victoria's father died when she was but eight months old, but the child
+knew no lack, for her mother superintended her training and her teaching
+in a very wise manner, for she thought that it was possible, if not
+probable, that her child would one day have the chief place in the
+kingdom, and she wanted to fit her for it. Very simply was the little
+princess brought up; her clothing as well as her food was of the
+plainest, and habits of economy and regularity were impressed upon her
+and stayed with her all her life. Her governess, Baroness Lehzen, was
+German, as were all of her teachers until the time she was twelve years
+old, and it is said that she spoke English with a German accent.
+
+Of course Victoria's life was different from the lives of other
+children, and this she must early have perceived. There are, however,
+little stories of her childhood which show that she was really not so
+different from ordinary children as some of her serious biographers
+would have one think. She was very fond of dolls, and had, it is said,
+one hundred and thirty-two of them who lived in a house of their own.
+Even with these, however, she was not allowed to play just as other
+children did, for her governess made use of them to teach her little
+charge court etiquette. And indeed, some means of teaching the child
+court etiquette was necessary, as her mother refused to allow her to
+appear at the royal court and receive her lessons there at first hand.
+The court of George IV was most disreputable, and the Duchess of Kent
+wisely judged that it was no place for her little daughter. When William
+IV came to the throne in 1830, Victoria's mother still refused to allow
+the child to be much at court, for though the new king was in some ways
+better than his predecessor had been, he was far from being a moral man.
+
+When Victoria was twelve years old her mother felt that it was time she
+should know of the high destiny to which she might be called, for there
+now stood no one between her and the throne, William IV's children
+having died in infancy. Accordingly, the governess placed in a book
+which the princess was reading, a genealogical table, so that the
+princess might come upon it as if by accident. Victoria examined it
+gravely and then exclaimed, "Why I never saw this before!"
+
+"It was not necessary that you should see it," replied the governess.
+
+"I am nearer the throne than I supposed," said the child, and then, with
+a seriousness beyond her years, she added, "It is a great
+responsibility, but I will be good."
+
+Kept as she was from the court world, Victoria was the subject of
+intense interest and curiosity to the English people. England had always
+been fortunate in her queens if not always in her kings, and it was felt
+that if Victoria should come to the throne, England would be the better
+morally. Certain it is that the young girl was adored by the British
+people generally; her simplicity, her prettiness, her fresh girlishness
+appealed to them, and the thought of what she would probably be called
+upon to do lent more than a touch of romance to all that concerned her.
+Nathaniel P. Willis, the American writer, who had seen Victoria during a
+visit to England, wrote: "The princess is much better looking than any
+picture of her in the shops, and for the heir to such a crown as that of
+England, quite unnecessarily pretty and interesting."
+
+Her "Uncle King," as she called William IV, was very wrathful because
+his young niece was not allowed to appear at all court affairs, and at
+one time when the Duchess of Kent and Victoria were present, with about
+a hundred other guests, at his birthday celebration, he made a most
+remarkable speech.
+
+"I only hope," he said, "that I may live for nine months longer, until
+the Princess Victoria is of age, so that I may leave the power in her
+hands and not be forced to entrust it to a regent in the person of a
+lady who sits near me."
+
+At this insult to her mother, Victoria burst into tears, but the Duchess
+herself made no reply.
+
+In 1837 Victoria became of age, and her birthday was celebrated with
+rejoicing throughout the country. Schools were closed, feasts were held,
+and the city of London was brightly illuminated. But at the great ball
+which was given that night, the king could not be present; for he was
+that very day taken ill, and in less than a month he died.
+
+Early in the morning of June twentieth, the Archbishop of Canterbury and
+the Lord Chamberlain hastened to Kensington Palace to acquaint Victoria
+with the fact that she was queen of England. They reached there in the
+gray dawn and found no one stirring. After much waiting and knocking,
+they were shown into the palace, and finally succeeded in having the
+princess's special attendant sent to them. They asked her to inform her
+mistress that they desired to see her immediately on very important
+business; whereupon the attendant told them that she preferred not to
+waken her mistress, who was sleeping soundly. With great dignity then
+the Archbishop said, "We are come on business of State to _The Queen_";
+and thus, startled out of her sleep, Victoria was told by her attendant
+that she was now the first person in Great Britain.
+
+Hastily taking off her nightcap and throwing a shawl over her nightgown,
+Victoria descended to receive the official announcement of her
+succession to the throne of England, and to receive on her hand the kiss
+of allegiance from these two great lords of the realm.
+
+Her first reported words after she was made queen were to the Archbishop
+of Canterbury--"I beg your Grace to pray for me;" and one of her very
+first acts after the august messengers had left her was to write to the
+widowed queen of William IV, Adelaide, offering her condolences and
+begging that she would remain as long as she chose in the royal palace.
+She addressed the letter to "Her Majesty the Queen," and when some one
+standing by said to her, "you are now the queen, and your aunt deserves
+the title no longer," she replied, "I know that, but I shall not be the
+first to remind her of that fact."
+
+Later in the same day, the eighteen-year-old queen was called upon to
+meet the council of the high officers of Church and State. Dressed in
+her simple mourning she looked dignified and calm, and her behavior
+corresponded well with her looks. Of course all the great statesmen who
+were thus called on to meet her, felt much curiosity as to how she would
+carry off her new honors, and one of the greatest. Sir Robert Peel, said
+afterward that he was "amazed at her manner and behavior; at her
+apparent deep sense of her situation, her modesty and at the same time
+her firmness. She appeared to be awed but not daunted."
+
+On the following day she was publicly proclaimed at Saint James's
+Palace, and all of those who had gathered to watch the ceremony, which
+was performed at a window looking out on the courtyard, were as deeply
+impressed as the peers and princes had been on the preceding day. It
+must have been difficult for the simple, unassuming young girl to
+preserve her calm dignity when she heard the singing of that grand
+national anthem, _God Save the Queen_, and knew that it was for her.
+
+In midsummer the queen moved to Buckingham Palace, and on July
+seventeenth she took part in her first elaborate public ceremony--that
+is, she drove in state to dissolve Parliament. All were impressed with
+the manner in which she read her speech, and one distinguished observer
+said to another, "How beautifully she performs!"
+
+A pleasant story is told of the young queen shortly after her accession.
+The Duke of Wellington, whom Victoria greatly admired, brought to her
+for signature a court-martial death sentence. The queen, horrified, and
+feeling that she could not sign her name to such a document, begged the
+Duke to tell her whether there was not some excuse for the offender.
+
+"None," said the Iron Duke; "he has deserted three times."
+
+"Oh, think, your Grace," Victoria replied, "whether there be not
+something in his favor."
+
+"Well," said the Duke, "I am certain that he is a very bad soldier, but
+he may, for aught I know, be a very good man. In fact, I remember
+hearing some one speak for him."
+
+"Oh, thank you!" exclaimed the queen, as she joyously wrote the word
+"Pardoned" across the document.
+
+It soon became evident that the tender-hearted queen would never be able
+to deal with questions of this sort--that there was danger of all
+offenders being pardoned; and a commission was finally appointed to
+attend to such matters.
+
+On June twenty-eighth, 1838, after she had been queen for over a year,
+Victoria was formally crowned at Westminster Abbey. The crown worn by
+her predecessors was far too large for her, so a new crown was made at a
+cost of over five hundred thousand dollars. The spectacle was a most
+impressive and inspiring one, and the queen went through her part in it,
+as she had gone through her part at all ceremonies in which she had
+participated, in a manner which roused anew the enthusiasm of her
+subjects. When the prime minister finally placed the crown on Victoria's
+head, all the peers and peeresses placed their coronets on their heads
+and shouted _God Save the Queen_. Carlyle said of her at that time,
+"Poor little Queen! She is at an age at which a girl can hardly be
+trusted to choose a bonnet for herself, yet a task is laid upon her from
+which an archangel might shrink."
+
+Another writer, however, said, "I consider that it would be impossible
+to exaggerate the enthusiasm of the English people on the accession of
+Victoria to the throne." And it was this enthusiasm on the part of her
+subjects, joined with her own extraordinary common sense, which enabled
+her to bear up under circumstances which might well have daunted an
+older and a wiser sovereign.
+
+Of course one of the chief questions with regard to the new queen was
+that of her marriage. Usually the marriage of a sovereign was
+practically settled as a question of statecraft, but Victoria showed no
+inclination to allow her domestic life to be regulated by her ministers.
+In 1836 there had visited her at Kensington Palace her cousin Albert of
+Saxe-Coburg, and Victoria had looked upon him very favorably. Her uncle
+Leopold of Belgium, who had always been one of her chief advisers,
+desired her to marry Albert, and urged the matter after her accession to
+the throne, but Victoria's answer was, "I am too young and he is too
+young. I shall not think of marrying for four years yet." However, when
+in 1839 Albert and his brother came to England, it was unnecessary for
+uncle or ministers to urge upon Victoria the wisdom of a speedy
+marriage; her own heart was her counselor, and Albert had not been long
+in the palace, before the queen, to whom it was impossible that he
+should propose marriage, proposed marriage to him. She persisted in
+looking upon it as a sacrifice on Albert's part, but we may readily
+believe that he looked upon it in no such manner. They were married on
+February 10, 1840, and then began a life of domestic happiness which was
+unbroken until the death of Albert.
+
+Immediately after the wedding the young couple drove to Windsor, passing
+through over twenty miles of frantically cheering, loyal subjects. On
+their return, after a brief season of seclusion, to Buckingham Palace,
+Victoria turned her attention at once to her royal duties, and Albert
+showed himself from the outset a man peculiarly fitted to aid and advise
+her. His one desire was to sink his own individuality in that of the
+queen, but this was by no means her desire. She could not bear that her
+husband should be regarded as in any way subordinate to herself--that he
+should be forced to take a lower seat, or to walk behind her; and it was
+a real grief to her that she was not able to bestow upon him the title
+of "King Consort" rather than that of "Prince Consort." In one of her
+first letters after her marriage, Victoria said of her husband, "There
+cannot exist a purer, dearer, nobler being in the world than the
+prince," and this same attitude toward her husband she kept throughout
+her life.
+
+Victoria and Albert had nine children, the first the Princess Victoria,
+being born in November, 1840, and the second, the Prince of Wales,
+afterward Edward VII of England, being born in November, 1841. The
+pictures that we have of the home life of this royal family; of the
+discipline, loving but firm, to which the children were subjected, and
+of the way in which the parents really lived with their children, are
+most charming. A little story tells how the Princess Victoria, when but
+a child, was told that if she persisted in speaking to the family
+physician simply as "Brown" without prefixing either "Mr." or "Dr.," she
+should certainly be sent to bed. When the doctor came the next morning,
+the little girl said, "Good-morning, Brown," and then hastily added,
+"and good-night, Brown, for I am going to bed."
+
+Of course the life of this queen of the greatest of all European
+countries, and that of her husband, were not all made up of pleasant
+domestic duties, and journeyings from Buckingham Palace to Osborne, the
+summer home on the Isle of Wight, and to Balmoral in Scotland; infinite
+in number were the demands made by the State on Victoria's time and on
+her clear intelligence. Prince Albert, too, was unweariedly busied on
+public matters. No great enterprise was considered fairly launched, no
+public building was thought properly opened without a speech from the
+Prince Consort. Victoria could not well have been made prouder of him
+than she was on her marriage day, but she was happy beyond words to find
+that the English people were coming to recognize his worth. They had
+been suspicious of him at first, and had found fault with almost every
+act of his. And indeed, they did not come to do him full justice until
+after his death.
+
+That men should have been found ready and willing to make attempts on
+the life of this queen, who showed herself no less wise in ruling than
+she was loving and womanly in her domestic life, seems well-nigh
+incredible; but as one writer has said, Victoria was "the greatest royal
+target in Europe." Repeated attempts were made to assassinate her, but
+they were always made by fanatics or insane men, and were in no wise the
+result of any general movement against her. Indeed, at each attempt she
+endeared herself the more to her people by her firmness and
+fearlessness, and by her willingness to show herself bravely in public.
+
+The exquisitely happy home life of the queen was brought to a close, and
+new public burdens were laid upon her, by the death of Prince Albert on
+December fourteenth, 1861. Throughout his illness of but two weeks, the
+queen was constantly with him, and not until the end was almost at hand
+did she admit even to herself that there was no hope. She had so
+earnestly desired that they might grow old together and that she might
+never be left after his death, that she could not persuade herself that
+he was really to die. Her account in her diary of his illness and death
+is most beautiful. His tenderness for her never failed, and when,
+shortly before his death, when he knew no one else, she bent over him
+and whispered, "It is your own little wife," he knew her and kissed her.
+
+After her husband's death the queen withdrew largely from public
+affairs, and her place was most admirably taken on all social occasions
+by her daughter-in-law, Alexandra of Denmark, whom the Prince of Wales
+married in 1863. When, however, the queen felt that her presence was
+necessary on any public occasion, she was always ready and willing to
+set aside her personal feelings, and let herself be seen by her
+subjects. To the last, too, she maintained her hold on affairs,
+directing business, political and domestic matters, with the same
+excellent judgment that she had shown all her life.
+
+A most notable event in the queen's life occurred in 1897. This was the
+celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of her reign, and it was
+commemorated throughout her dominions with an enthusiasm which was
+without parallel. Processions, illuminations, and speech-making took
+place in every town in Great Britain, and city vied with city in
+erecting memorials of the occasion. The queen's strength was greatly
+taxed during the Jubilee period, but she speedily regained her customary
+vigor.
+
+Somewhat less than four years later, however, in January of 1901, the
+entire nation was made anxious by the news that the queen was ill. She
+grew steadily worse, and late in the afternoon of January 22nd, she
+died, to the intense grief, not only of her own subjects, but of all
+peoples in the world.
+
+In this brief sketch of the life of England's great queen, practically
+no reference has been made to political affairs; her life has been
+treated merely from the personal, or domestic, side. However, it is not
+to be for a moment supposed that the queen was so absorbed in her family
+and her friends, dear as these always were to her, that she neglected
+matters of state. Every important project that was attempted during her
+reign had her consideration, and all of her ministers united in
+regarding her opinion as valuable beyond words. The influence of this
+wonderful woman on the history of her times was incalculable, and
+further study of her life and character will only deepen and intensify
+the respect and love which all must hold for her memory.
+
+
+
+
+THE RECESSIONAL
+
+_By_ RUDYARD KIPLING
+
+
+     NOTE.--_The Recessional_ is one of the most delicate and graceful
+     poems in the language, yet it has such strength and virility, is so
+     easily understood and has such profound religious sentiment, that
+     it is regarded as one of the noblest things ever written. Kipling
+     himself tells us how it was written:
+
+     "That poem gave me more trouble than anything I ever wrote. I had
+     promised the _Times_ a poem on the Jubilee, and when it became due,
+     I had written nothing that had satisfied me. The _Times_ began to
+     want the poem badly, and sent letter after letter asking for it. I
+     made many more attempts but no further progress. Finally the
+     _Times_ began sending telegrams. So I shut myself in a room with a
+     determination to stay there until I had written a Jubilee poem.
+     Sitting down with all my previous attempts before me I searched
+     through those dozens of sketches, till at last I found just one
+     line I liked. That was, 'Lest we forget.' Round these words _The
+     Recessional_ was written."
+
+
+    God of our fathers, known of old--
+      Lord of our far-flung battle line,
+    Beneath whose awful Hand we hold
+      Dominion over palm and pine--
+    Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,
+    Lest we forget--lest we forget!
+
+    The tumult and the shouting dies--
+      The Captains and the Kings depart.
+    Still stands Thine ancient Sacrifice,
+      An humble and a contrite heart.[164-1]
+    Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,
+    Lest we forget--lest we forget!
+
+[Illustration: ON DUNE AND HEADLAND]
+
+    Far-called our navies melt away--
+      On dune and headland sinks the fire;
+    Lo, all our pomp of yesterday
+      Is one with Nineveh and Tyre!
+    Judge of all Nations, spare us yet,
+    Lest we forget--lest we forget!
+
+    If, drunk with sight of power, we loose
+      Wild tongues that have not Thee in awe--
+    Such boasting as the Gentiles use
+      Or lesser breeds without the law--
+    Lord God of Hosts, be with us yet,
+    Lest we forget--lest we forget!
+
+    For heathen heart that puts her trust
+      In reeking tube and iron shard--
+    All valiant dust that builds on dust,
+      And guarding calls not Thee to guard--
+    For frantic boast and foolish word,
+      Thy mercy on thy People, Lord!
+                                Amen!
+
+
+     A recessional is a hymn sung while the clergy and the choir are
+     retiring at the end of a church service. We must remember that this
+     hymn was written for the celebration of the sixtieth anniversary of
+     the coronation of Queen Victoria, and that its sentiment is
+     English. The central idea appearing in the refrain at the end of
+     each stanza is that the nation must recognize the presence of God,
+     and remember its duties to Him. While the phrases in the poem call
+     us constantly back to England and English dominions, yet the
+     sentiment is so universal and so applicable to all nations, that
+     the hymn is admired everywhere.
+
+     The first stanza refers to the conquests of England, whose battle
+     lines have been flung far over all parts of the world, and to the
+     fact that under the awful hand of God the British hold dominion
+     over India and the tropical lands where the palm tree grows, as
+     well as over the pine-clad hills of Canada and other Northern
+     regions. It is an appeal to the Almighty to be with the nation, and
+     to remind the people of their duty to the God of Hosts. The
+     succeeding stanzas may be paraphrased as follows:
+
+     After the tumult and the shouting of the celebration die away, when
+     the captains and the kings, who have met from all parts of the
+     world to pay homage to the queen and to the nation, depart, there
+     still remains as the most acceptable gift to God, the ancient
+     sacrifice--an humble and a contrite heart.
+
+     The British navies, called to far distant climes, separate and melt
+     away. Sinking below the horizon they see behind them on the dunes
+     and headlands the smouldering bonfires lit in celebration of the
+     Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. The once magnificent cities of
+     Nineveh and Tyre are now in ruins, perhaps covered by shifting
+     desert sands. Their pomp and their glory have departed, but no more
+     completely than the glory and the pomp of yesterday have gone from
+     the nation. Judge of all Nations, spare the English from
+     destruction, and keep them in mind of their obligations to Thee.
+
+     If, glorying in our power, we talk wildly of what we have done in
+     words that give no praise to God, and boast as the barbaric races
+     do, we pray Thee, Lord God of Hosts, to remind us that everything
+     we possess has come from thy guiding hand.
+
+     Show mercy to thy people, Lord, for frantic boasts and foolish
+     words, for heathen hearts that put their trust in reeking cannon
+     and the fragments of bursting shells, and to those who, bravely
+     guarding the wide borders of our land, forget that they are but
+     valiant dust, and call not upon Thee to guard them.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[164-1] This is a reference to _Psalms LI, 17_: "The sacrifices of God
+are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart, O God, thou wilt not
+despise."
+
+
+
+
+THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER[167-*]
+
+_By_ FRANCIS SCOTT KEY
+
+
+    O say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,
+      What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's last gleaming?
+    Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through the perilous fight,
+      O'er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming!
+    And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
+    Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
+    O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave
+    O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave?
+
+    On that shore dimly seen through the mists of the deep,
+      Where the foe's haughty host in dread silence reposes,
+    What is that which the breeze, o'er the towering steep,
+      As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now discloses?
+    Now it catches the gleam of the morning's first beam,
+    In full glory reflected now shines on the stream;
+    'Tis the star-spangled banner! O long may it wave
+    O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!
+
+    And where is that band who so vauntingly swore
+      That the havoc of war and the battle's confusion
+    A home and a country should leave us no more?
+      Their blood has washed out their foul footsteps' pollution.
+    No refuge could save the hireling and slave
+    From the terror of flight, or the gloom of the grave;
+    And the star-spangled banner in triumph doth wave
+    O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave.
+
+    O thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand
+      Between their loved homes and the war's desolation!
+    Blest with vic'try and peace, may the heaven-rescued land
+      Praise the Power that hath made and preserved us a nation!
+    Then conquer we must, when our cause it is just,
+    And this be our motto, "_In God is our trust_";
+    And the star-spangled banner in triumph shall wave
+    O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[167-*] On the night of Sept. 12, 1814, Fort Henry in Chesapeake Bay not
+far from Baltimore was unsuccessfully attacked by a British fleet. The
+author, detained a prisoner on the fleet, witnessed the bombardment and
+began the song there.
+
+
+
+
+HOW'S MY BOY?
+
+_By_ SYDNEY DOBELL
+
+
+    "Ho, sailor of the sea!
+    How's my boy--my boy?"
+    "What's your boy's name, good wife,
+    And in what ship sailed he?"
+
+    "My boy John--
+    He that went to sea--
+    What care I for the ship, sailor?
+    My boy's my boy to me.
+
+    "You come back from the sea,
+    And not know my John?
+    I might as well have asked some landsman
+    Yonder down in the town.
+    There's not an ass in all the parish
+    But he knows my John.
+
+    "How's my boy--my boy?
+    And unless you let me know
+    I'll swear you are no sailor,
+    Blue jacket or no,
+    Brass buttons or no, sailor,
+    Anchor and crown, or no!
+    Sure his ship was the 'Jolly Briton--'"
+    "Speak low, woman, speak low!"
+
+    "And why should I speak low, sailor,
+    About my own boy John?
+    If I was loud as I am proud
+    I'd sing him over the town!
+    Why should I speak low, sailor?"
+    "That good ship went down."
+
+    "How's my boy--my boy?
+    What care I for the ship, sailor,
+    I was never aboard her.
+    Be she afloat or be she aground,
+    Sinking or swimming, I'll be bound
+    Her owners can afford her!
+    I say, how's my John?"
+    "Every man on board went down,
+    Every man aboard her."
+
+    "How's my boy--my boy?
+    What care I for the men, sailor?
+    I'm not their mother--
+    How's my boy--my boy?
+    Tell me of him and no other!
+    How's my boy--my boy?"
+
+
+
+
+THE SOLDIER'S DREAM
+
+_By_ THOMAS CAMPBELL
+
+
+    Our bugles sang truce, for the night-cloud had lower'd,
+      And the sentinel stars set their watch in the sky;
+    And thousands had sunk on the ground overpower'd,
+      The weary to sleep, and the wounded to die.
+
+    When reposing that night on my pallet of straw
+      By the wolf-scaring fagot that guarded the slain,
+    At the dead of the night a sweet Vision I saw;
+      And thrice ere the morning I dreamt it again.
+
+    Methought from the battlefield's dreadful array
+      Far, far, I had roam'd on a desolate track:
+    'Twas Autumn--and sunshine arose on the way
+      To the home of my fathers, that welcomed me back.
+
+    I flew to the pleasant fields traversed so oft
+      In life's morning march, when my bosom was young;
+    I heard my own mountain-goats bleating aloft,
+      And knew the sweet strain that the corn-reapers sung.
+
+    Then pledged we the wine-cup, and fondly I swore
+      From my home and my weeping friends never to part;
+    My little ones kiss'd me a thousand times o'er,
+      And my wife sobb'd aloud in her fulness of heart.
+
+    "Stay--stay with us!--rest!--thou art weary and worn!"--
+      And fain was their war-broken soldier to stay;--
+    But sorrow return'd with the dawning of morn,
+      And the voice in my dreaming ear melted away.
+
+
+
+
+MAKE WAY FOR LIBERTY!
+
+_By_ JAMES MONTGOMERY
+
+
+     NOTE.--In the fourteenth century the Swiss people rose against
+     their Austrian oppressors, and at Sempach they won, on July 9,
+     1386, a complete victory over an army which greatly exceeded them
+     in numbers. According to tradition, a Swiss hero, Arnold
+     Winkelried, seeing that the Austrian line was well-nigh
+     unbreakable, gathered the spears of several of his enemies in his
+     arms and pressed the points against his breast, thus making a way
+     for his companions. A monument was erected in his honor five
+     centuries after the battle.
+
+
+    "Make way for Liberty!"--he cried;
+    Made way for Liberty, and died!
+
+      In arms the Austrian phalanx stood.
+    A living wall, a human wood!
+    A wall, where every conscious stone
+    Seemed to its kindred thousands grown;
+    A rampart all assaults to bear,
+    Till time to dust their frames should wear;
+    A wood, like that enchanted grove
+    In which with fiends Rinaldo strove,
+    Where every silent tree possessed
+    A spirit prisoned in its breast,
+    Which the first stroke of coming strife
+    Would startle into hideous life;
+    So dense, so still, the Austrians stood,
+    A living wall, a human wood!
+    Impregnable their front appears,
+    All horrent with projected spears,
+    Whose polished points before them shine,
+    From flank to flank, one brilliant line,
+    Bright as the breakers' splendors run
+    Along the billows to the sun.
+
+      Opposed to these, a hovering band
+    Contended for their native land:
+    Peasants, whose new-found strength had broke
+    From manly necks the ignoble yoke,
+    And forged their fetters into swords,
+    On equal terms to fight their lords,
+    And what insurgent rage had gained
+    In many a mortal fray maintained;
+    Marshaled once more at Freedom's call,
+    They came to conquer or to fall,
+    Where he who conquered, he who fell,
+    Was deemed a dead or living Tell!
+    Such virtue had that patriot breathed,
+    So to the soil his soul bequeathed,
+    That wheresoe'er his arrows flew
+    Heroes in his own likeness grew,
+    And warriors sprang from every sod
+    Which his awakening footstep trod.
+
+      And now the work of life and death
+    Hung on the passing of a breath;
+    The fire of conflict burnt within,
+    The battle trembled to begin;
+    Yet, while the Austrians held their ground,
+    Point for attack was nowhere found,
+    Where'er the impatient Switzers gazed,
+    The unbroken line of lances blazed;
+    That line 't were suicide to meet,
+    And perish at their tyrants' feet,--
+    How could they rest within their graves,
+    And leave their homes the homes of slaves?
+    Would they not feel their children tread
+    With clanging chains above their head?
+
+      It must not be: this day, this hour,
+    Annihilates the oppressor's power;
+    All Switzerland is in the field,
+    She will not fly, she cannot yield,--
+    She must not fall; her better fate
+    Here gives her an immortal date.
+    Few were the number she could boast;
+    But every freeman was a host,
+    And felt as though himself were he
+    On whose sole arm hung victory.
+
+      It did depend on _one_ indeed;
+    Behold him,--Arnold Winkelried!
+    There sounds not to the trump of fame
+    The echo of a nobler name.
+    Unmarked he stood amid the throng,
+    In rumination deep and long,
+    Till you might see, with sudden grace,
+    The very thought come o'er his face,
+    And by the motion of his form
+    Anticipate the bursting storm,
+    And by the uplifting of his brow
+    Tell where the bolt would strike, and how.
+
+      But 't was no sooner thought than done,
+    The field was in a moment won:--
+
+      "Make way for Liberty!" he cried,
+    Then ran, with arms extended wide,
+    As if his dearest friend to clasp;
+    Ten spears he swept within his grasp.
+
+      "Make way for Liberty!" he cried;
+    Their keen points met from side to side;
+    He bowed amongst them like a tree,
+    And thus made way for Liberty.
+
+      Swift to the breach his comrades fly;
+    "Make way for Liberty!" they cry,
+    And through the Austrian phalanx dart,
+    As rushed the spears through Arnold's heart;
+    While, instantaneous as his fall,
+    Rout, ruin, panic, scattered all;
+    An earthquake could not overthrow
+    A city with a surer blow.
+
+      Thus Switzerland again was free;
+    Thus death made way for Liberty!
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD CONTINENTALS
+
+_By_ GUY HUMPHREYS MCMASTER
+
+
+      In their ragged regimentals
+      Stood the old continentals,
+            Yielding not,
+      When the grenadiers were lunging,
+      And like hail fell the plunging
+          Cannon-shot;
+            When the files
+            Of the isles,
+    From the smoky night encampment, bore the banner of the rampant
+            Unicorn,
+    And grummer, grummer, grummer rolled the roll of the drummer,
+            Through the morn!
+
+        Then with eyes to the front all,
+        And with guns horizontal,
+            Stood our sires;
+        And the balls whistled deadly,
+        And in streams flashing redly
+            Blazed the fires;
+            As the roar
+            On the shore,
+    Swept the strong battle-breakers o'er the green-sodded acres
+            Of the plain;
+    And louder, louder, louder, cracked the black gun-powder,
+            Cracking amain!
+
+        Now like smiths at their forges
+        Worked the red Saint George's
+            Cannoneers;
+        And the "villainous saltpetre"
+        Rung a fierce, discordant metre
+            Round their ears;
+            As the swift
+            Storm-drift,
+    With hot sweeping anger, came the horseguards' clangor
+            On our flanks.
+    Then higher, higher, higher, burned the old-fashioned fire
+            Through the ranks!
+
+        Then the old-fashioned colonel
+        Galloped through the white infernal
+            Powder-cloud;
+        And his broad sword was swinging
+        And his brazen throat was ringing
+            Trumpet loud.
+            Then the blue
+            Bullets flew,
+    And the trooper jackets redden at the touch of the leaden
+            Rifle-breath;
+    And rounder, rounder, rounder, roared the iron six-pounder,
+            Hurling death!
+
+
+
+
+THE PICKET-GUARD
+
+_By_ MRS. ETHEL LYNN BEERS
+
+
+    "All quiet along the Potomac," they say,
+      "Except now and then a stray picket
+    Is shot, as he walks on his beat, to and fro,
+      By a rifleman hid in the thicket.
+    'T is nothing: a private or two, now and then,
+      Will not count in the news of the battle;
+    Not an officer lost--only one of the men,
+      Moaning out, all alone, the death rattle."
+
+    All quiet along the Potomac to-night,
+      Where the soldiers lie peacefully dreaming;
+    Their tents in the rays of the clear autumn moon,
+      Or the light of the watch-fires, are gleaming.
+    A tremulous sigh, as the gentle night wind
+      Through the forest leaves softly is creeping;
+    While stars up above, with their glittering eyes,
+      Keep guard--for the army is sleeping.
+
+    There's only the sound of the lone sentry's tread
+      As he tramps from the rock to the fountain,
+    And he thinks of the two in the low trundle-bed,
+      Far away in the cot on the mountain.
+    His musket falls slack; his face, dark and grim,
+      Grows gentle with memories tender,
+    As he mutters a prayer for the children asleep,
+      For their mother,--may Heaven defend her!
+
+    The moon seems to shine just as brightly as then,
+      That night when the love yet unspoken
+    Leaped up to his lips--when low, murmured vows
+      Were pledged to be ever unbroken;
+    Then drawing his sleeve roughly over his eyes,
+      He dashes off tears that are welling,
+    And gathers his gun closer up to its place,
+      As if to keep down the heart-swelling.
+
+    He passes the fountain, the blasted pine tree,--
+      The footstep is lagging and weary;
+    Yet onward he goes, through the broad belt of light,
+      Toward the shade of the forest so dreary.
+    Hark! was it the night wind that rustled the leaves?
+      Was it moonlight so wondrously flashing?
+    It looked like a rifle: "Ha! Mary, good-by!"
+      And the life-blood is ebbing and plashing.
+
+    All quiet along the Potomac to-night,--
+      No sound save the rush of the river;
+    While soft falls the dew on the face of the dead,--
+      The picket's off duty forever.
+
+
+
+
+MY OLD KENTUCKY HOME
+
+_By_ STEPHEN COLLINS FOSTER
+
+
+    The sun shines bright in our old Kentucky home;
+      'Tis summer, the darkeys are gay;
+    The corn top's ripe and the meadow's in the bloom,
+      While the birds make music all the day;
+    The young folks roll on the little cabin floor,
+      All merry, all happy, all bright;
+    By'm by hard times comes knockin' at the door,--
+      Then my old Kentucky home, good night!
+
+    CHORUS
+
+      Weep no more, my lady; O weep no more to-day!
+      We'll sing one song for my old Kentucky home,
+      For my old Kentucky home far away.
+
+    They hunt no more for the possum and the coon,
+      On the meadow, the hill, and the shore;
+    They sing no more by the glimmer of the moon,
+      On the bench by the old cabin door;
+    The day goes by, like a shadow o'er the heart,
+      With sorrow where all was delight;
+    The time has come, when the darkeys have to part,
+      Then, my old Kentucky home, good night!
+
+    The head must bow, and the back will have to bend,
+      Wherever the darkey may go;
+    A few more days, and the troubles all will end,
+      In the field where the sugar-cane grow;
+    A few more days to tote the weary load,
+      No matter, it will never be light;
+    A few more days till we totter on the road,
+      Then, my old Kentucky home, good night!
+
+
+
+
+THE FORSAKEN MERMAN
+
+_By_ MATTHEW ARNOLD
+
+
+    Come, dear children, let us away;
+    Down and away below!
+    Now my brothers call from the bay,
+    Now the great winds shoreward blow,
+    Now the salt tides seaward flow;
+    Now the wild white horses play,
+    Champ and chafe and toss in the spray.
+    Children dear, let us away!
+    This way, this way!
+
+    Call her once before you go--
+    Call once yet!
+    In a voice that she will know
+    "Margaret! Margaret!"
+    Children's voices should be dear
+    (Call once more) to a mother's ear;
+    Children's voices, wild with pain--
+    Surely she will come again!
+    Call her once and come away;
+    This way, this way!
+    "Mother dear, we cannot stay!
+    The wild white horses foam and fret."
+    Margaret! Margaret!
+
+    Come, dear children, come away down;
+    Call no more!
+    One last look at the white-wall'd town,
+    And the little gray church on the windy shore;
+    Then come down!
+    She will not come though you call all day;
+    Come away, come away!
+
+[Illustration: THE LITTLE GRAY CHURCH ON THE WINDY SHORE]
+
+    Children dear, was it yesterday
+    We heard the sweet bells over the bay?
+    In the caverns where we lay,
+    Through the surf and through the swell,
+    The far-off sound of a silver bell?
+    Sand-strewn caverns, cool and deep,
+    Where the winds are all asleep;
+    Where the spent lights quiver and gleam,
+    Where the salt weed sways in the stream,
+    Where the sea beasts, ranged all around,
+    Feed in the ooze of their pasture ground;
+    Where the sea snakes coil and twine,
+    Dry their mail and bask in the brine;
+    Where great whales come sailing by,
+    Sail and sail, with unshut eye,
+    Round the world for ever and aye?
+    When did music come this way?
+    Children dear, was it yesterday?
+
+    Children dear, was it yesterday
+    (Call yet once) that she went away?
+    Once she sate with you and me,
+    On a red gold throne in the heart of the sea,
+    And the youngest sate on her knee.
+    She comb'd its bright hair, and she tended it well,
+    When down swung the sound of a far-off bell.
+    She sigh'd, she look'd up through the clear green sea;
+    She said: "I must go, for my kinsfolk pray
+    In the little gray church on the shore to-day.
+    'Twill be Easter-time in the world--ah me!
+    And I lose my poor soul, Merman! here with thee."
+    I said: "Go up, dear heart, through the waves;
+    Say thy prayer, and come back to the kind sea caves!"
+    She smil'd, she went up through the surf in the bay.
+    Children dear, was it yesterday?
+    Children dear, were we long alone?
+    "The sea grows stormy, the little ones moan;
+    Long prayers," I said, "in the world they say;
+    Come!" I said; and we rose through the surf in the bay.
+    We went up the beach, by the sandy down
+    Where the sea stocks bloom, to the white-wall'd town;
+    Through the narrow, pav'd streets, where all was still,
+    To the little gray church on the windy hill.
+    From the church came a murmur of folk at their prayers,
+    But we stood without in the cold blowing airs.
+    We climb'd on the graves, on the stones worn with rains,
+    And we gaz'd up the aisle through the small leaded panes.
+    She sate by the pillar; we saw her clear;
+    "Margaret, hist! come quick, we are here!
+    Dear heart," I said, "we are long alone;
+    The sea grows stormy, the little ones moan."
+    But, ah, she gave me never a look,
+    For her eyes were seal'd to the holy book!
+    Loud prays the priest: shut stands the door.
+    Come away, children, call no more!
+    Come away, come down, call no more!
+    Down, down, down!
+    Down to the depths of the sea!
+    She sits at her wheel in the humming town,
+    Singing most joyfully.
+    Hark what she sings: "O joy, O joy.
+    For the humming street, and the child with its toy!
+    For the priest, and the bell, and the holy well;
+    For the wheel where I spun,
+    And the blessed light of the sun!"
+    And so she sings her fill.
+    Singing most joyfully,
+    Till the spindle drops from her hand,
+    And the whizzing wheel stands still.
+    She steals to the window, and looks at the sand,
+    And over the sand at the sea;
+    And her eyes are set in a stare;
+    And anon there breaks a sigh,
+    And anon there drops a tear,
+    From a sorrow-clouded eye,
+    And a heart sorrow-laden,
+    A long, long sigh,
+    For the cold, strange eyes of a little Mermaiden
+    And the gleam of her golden hair.
+
+        Come away, away, children;
+        Come, children, come down!
+        The hoarse wind blows colder;
+        Lights shine in the town.
+        She will start from her slumber
+        When gusts shake the door;
+        She will hear the winds howling,
+        Will hear the waves roar.
+
+        We shall see, while above us
+        The waves roar and whirl,
+        A ceiling of amber,
+        A pavement of pearl.
+        Singing: "Here came a mortal,
+        But faithless was she!
+        And alone dwell for ever
+        The kings of the sea."
+
+        But, children, at midnight,
+        When soft the winds blow,
+        When clear falls the moonlight,
+        When spring-tides are low;
+        When sweet airs come seaward
+        From heaths starr'd with broom,
+        And high rocks throw mildly
+        On the blanch'd sands a gloom;
+        Up the still, glistening beaches,
+        Up the creeks we will hie,
+        Over banks of bright seaweed
+        The ebb-tide leaves dry.
+        We will gaze, from the sand hills,
+        At the white, sleeping town;
+        At the church on the hillside--
+        And then come back down.
+        Singing: "There dwells a lov'd one,
+        But cruel is she!
+        She left lonely forever
+        The kings of the sea."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+TOM AND MAGGIE TULLIVER
+
+
+     NOTE.--This account of Tom and Maggie Tulliver is taken from the
+     early chapters of George Eliot's _The Mill on the Floss_. The book
+     follows the fortunes of Tom and Maggie, whom at the opening of the
+     story we find living with their parents at the old mill house on
+     the Floss River, until they meet their death, in their early
+     manhood and womanhood. We give here, however, only a part of the
+     story of their childhood.
+
+
+I
+
+It was a heavy disappointment to Maggie that she was not allowed to go
+with her father in the gig when he went to fetch Tom home from the
+academy; but the morning was too wet, Mrs. Tulliver said, for a little
+girl to go out in her best bonnet. Maggie took the opposite view very
+strongly, and it was a direct consequence of this difference of opinion
+that when her mother was in the act of brushing out the reluctant black
+crop Maggie suddenly rushed from under her hands and dipped her head in
+a basin of water standing near, in the vindictive determination that
+there should be no more chance of curls that day.
+
+"Maggie, Maggie!" exclaimed Mrs. Tulliver, sitting stout and helpless
+with the brushes on her lap, "what is to become of you if you're so
+naughty? I'll tell your aunt Glegg and your aunt Pullet when they come
+next week, and they'll never love you any more. Oh dear, oh dear! look
+at your clean pinafore, wet from top to bottom. Folks 'ull think it's a
+judgment on me as I've got such a child,--they'll think I've done summat
+wicked."
+
+Before this remonstrance was finished, Maggie was already out of
+hearing, making her way toward the great attic that run under the old
+high-pitched roof, shaking the water from her black locks as she ran,
+like a Skye terrier escaped from his bath. This attic was Maggie's
+favorite retreat on a wet day, when the weather was not too cold; here
+she fretted out all her ill humors, and talked aloud to the worm-eaten
+floors and the worm-eaten shelves, and the dark rafters festooned with
+cobwebs; and here she kept a Fetish which she punished for all her
+misfortunes. This was the trunk of a large wooden doll, which once
+stared with the roundest of eyes above the reddest of cheeks; but was
+now entirely defaced by a long career of vicarious suffering. Three
+nails driven into the head commemorated as many crises in Maggie's nine
+years of earthly struggle; that luxury of vengeance having been
+suggested to her by the picture of Jael destroying Sisera in the old
+Bible. The last nail had been driven in with a fiercer stroke than
+usual, for the Fetish on that occasion represented aunt Glegg. But
+immediately afterward Maggie had reflected that if she drove many nails
+in she would not be so well able to fancy that the head was hurt when
+she knocked it against the wall, nor to comfort it, and make believe to
+poultice it, when her fury was abated; for even aunt Glegg would be
+pitiable when she had been hurt very much, and thoroughly humiliated, so
+as to beg her niece's pardon. Since then she had driven no more nails
+in, but had soothed herself by alternately grinding and beating the
+wooden head against the rough brick of the great chimneys that made two
+square pillars supporting the roof. That was what she did this morning
+on reaching the attic, sobbing all the while with a passion that
+expelled every other form of consciousness,--even the memory of the
+grievance that had caused it.
+
+[Illustration: TOM'S COMING HOME!]
+
+As at last the sobs were getting quieter, and the grinding less fierce,
+a sudden beam of sunshine, falling through the wire lattice across the
+worm-eaten shelves, made her throw away the Fetish and run to the
+window. The sun was really breaking out; the sound of the mill seemed
+cheerful again; the granary doors were open; and there was Yap, the
+queer white-and-brown terrier, with one ear turned back, trotting about
+and sniffing vaguely, as if he were in search of a companion. It was
+irresistible.
+
+Maggie tossed her hair back and ran downstairs, seized her bonnet
+without putting it on, peeped, and then dashed along the passage lest
+she should encounter her mother, and was quickly out in the yard,
+whirling around like a Pythoness, and singing as she whirled, "Yap, Yap,
+Tom's coming home!" while Yap danced and barked round her, as much as to
+say, if there was any noise wanted he was the dog for it.
+
+"Hegh, hegh, Miss! you'll make yourself giddy, an' tumble down i' the
+dirt," said Luke, the head miller, a tall, broad-shouldered man of
+forty, black-haired, subdued by a general mealiness, like an auricula.
+
+Maggie paused in her whirling and said, staggering a little, "Oh no, it
+doesn't make me giddy, Luke; may I go into the mill with you?"
+
+Maggie loved to linger in the great spaces of the mill, and often came
+out with her black hair powdered to a soft whiteness that made her dark
+eyes flash out with new fire. The resolute din, the unresting motion of
+the great stones, giving her a dim, delicious awe as at the presence of
+an uncontrollable force; the meal forever pouring, pouring; the fine
+white powder softening all surfaces, and making the very spider-nets
+look like a fairy lace-work; the sweet, pure scent of the meal,--all
+helped to make Maggie feel that the mill was a little world apart from
+her outside everyday life. She was in the habit of taking this
+recreation as she conversed with Luke, to whom she was very
+communicative, wishing him to think well of her understanding, as her
+father did.
+
+Perhaps she felt it necessary to recover her position with him on the
+present occasion, for, as she sat sliding on the heap of grain near
+which he was busying himself, she said, at that shrill pitch which was
+requisite in mill-society,--
+
+"I think you never read any book but the Bible, did you, Luke?"
+
+"Nay, Miss, an' not much o' that," said Luke, with great frankness. "I'm
+no reader, I aren't."
+
+"But if I lent you one of my books, Luke? I've got many _very_ pretty
+books that would be easy for you to read; but there's 'Pug's Tour of
+Europe,'--that would tell you all about the different sorts of people in
+the world, and if you didn't understand the reading, the pictures would
+help you; they show the looks and ways of the people and what they do.
+There are the Dutchmen, very fat, and smoking, you know, and one sitting
+on a barrel."
+
+"Nay, Miss, I'n no opinion o' Dutchmen. There ben't much good i' knowin'
+about _them_."
+
+"But they're our fellow-creatures, Luke; we ought to know about our
+fellow-creatures."
+
+"Not much o' fellow-creatures, I think, Miss; all I know--my old master,
+as war a knowin' man, used to say, says he, 'If e'er I sow my wheat
+wi'out brinin', I'm a Dutchman,' says he; an' that war as much as to say
+a Dutchman war a fool, or next door.
+
+"Nay, nay, I aren't goin' to bother mysen about Dutchmen. There's fools
+enoo, an' rogues enoo, wi'out lookin' i' books for 'em."
+
+"Oh, well," said Maggie, rather foiled by Luke's unexpectedly decided
+views about Dutchmen, "perhaps you would like 'Animated Nature' better;
+that's not Dutchmen, you know, but elephants and kangaroos, and the
+civet cat, and the sunfish, and a bird sitting on its tail,--I forgot
+its name. There are countries full of those creatures, instead of horses
+and cows, you know. Shouldn't you like to know about them, Luke?"
+
+"Nay, Miss, I'n got to keep count o' the flour an' corn; I can't do wi'
+knowin' so many things beside my work. That's what brings folks to the
+gallows,--knowin' everything but what they'n got to get their bread by.
+An' they're mostly lies, I think, what's printed i' the books: them
+printed sheets are, anyhow, as the men cry i' the streets."
+
+"Why, you're like my brother Tom, Luke," said Maggie, wishing to turn
+the conversation agreeably; "Tom's not fond of reading. I love Tom so
+dearly, Luke,--better than anybody else in the world. When he grows up I
+shall keep his house, and we shall always live together. I can tell him
+everything he doesn't know. But I think Tom's clever, for all he doesn't
+like books; he makes beautiful whipcord and rabbit pens."
+
+"Ah," said Luke, "but he'll be fine an' vexed, as the rabbits are all
+dead."
+
+"Dead!" screamed Maggie, jumping up from her sliding seat on the corn.
+"Oh dear, Luke! What! the lop-eared one, and the spotted doe that Tom
+spent all his money to buy?"
+
+"As dead as moles," said Luke, fetching his comparison from the
+unmistakable corpses nailed to the stable wall.
+
+"Oh, Luke," said Maggie in a piteous tone, "Tom told me to be sure and
+remember the rabbits every day; but how could I, when they didn't come
+into my head, you know? Oh, he will be so angry with me, I know he will,
+and so sorry about his rabbits, and so am I sorry. Oh, what _shall_ I
+do?"
+
+"Don't you fret, Miss," said Luke, soothingly; "they're nash things,
+them lop-eared rabbits; they'd happen ha' died, if they'd been fed.
+Things out o' natur niver thrive: God A'mighty doesn't like 'em. He made
+the rabbits' ears to lie back, an' it's nothin' but contrairiness to
+make 'em hing down like a mastiff dog's. Master Tom 'ull know better nor
+buy such things another time. Don't you fret, Miss. Will you come along
+home wi' me, and see my wife? I'm a-goin' this minute."
+
+The invitation offered an agreeable distraction to Maggie's grief, and
+her tears gradually subsided as she trotted along by Luke's side to his
+pleasant cottage, which stood with its apple and pear trees, and with
+the added dignity of a lean-to pigsty, at the other end of the Mill
+fields.
+
+
+II
+
+Tom was to arrive early in the afternoon, and there was another
+fluttering heart besides Maggie's when it was late enough for the sound
+of the gig wheels to be expected; for if Mrs. Tulliver had a strong
+feeling, it was fondness for her boy. At last the sound came,--that
+quick light bowling of the gig wheels,--and in spite of the wind, which
+was blowing the clouds about, and was not likely to respect Mrs.
+Tulliver's curls and cap-strings, she came outside the door and even
+held her hand on Maggie's offending head, forgetting all the griefs of
+the morning.
+
+"There he is, my sweet lad! But, Lord ha' mercy! he's got never a collar
+on; it's been lost on the road, I'll be bound, and spoilt the set."
+
+Mrs. Tulliver stood with her arms open; Maggie jumped first on one leg
+and then on the other; while Tom descended from the gig, and said, with
+masculine reticence as to the tender emotions. "Hallo! Yap--what! are
+you there?"
+
+Nevertheless he submitted to be kissed willingly enough, though Maggie
+hung on his neck in rather a strangling fashion, while his blue-gray
+eyes wandered toward the croft and the lambs and the river, where he
+promised himself that he would begin to fish the first thing tomorrow
+morning. He was one of those lads that grow everywhere in England, and
+at twelve or thirteen years of age look as much alike as goslings,--a
+lad with light-brown hair, cheeks of cream and roses, full lips,
+indeterminate nose and eyebrows,--face in which it seems impossible to
+see anything but boyhood; as different as possible from poor Maggie's
+phiz, which Nature seemed to have moulded and colored with the most
+decided intention. But that same Nature has the deep cunning which hides
+itself under the appearance of openness, so that simple people think
+they can see through her quite well, and all the while she is secretly
+preparing a refutation of their confident prophecies. Under these
+average boyish physiognomies that she seems to turn off by the gross,
+she conceals some of her most unmodified characters; and the dark-eyed,
+demonstrative, rebellious girl may after all turn out to be a passive
+being compared with this pink-and-white bit of masculinity with the
+indeterminate features.
+
+"Maggie," said Tom, confidentially, taking her into a corner, as soon as
+his mother was gone out to examine his box, and the warm parlor had
+taken off the chill he had felt from the long drive, "you don't know
+what I've got in _my_ pockets," nodding his head up and down as a means
+of rousing her sense of mystery.
+
+"No," said Maggie. "How stodgy they look, Tom! Is it marls (marbles) or
+cobnuts?" Maggie's heart sank a little, because Tom always said it was
+"no good" playing with _her_ at those games, she played so badly.
+
+"Marls! no; I've swopped all my marls with the little fellows, and
+cobnuts are no fun, you silly, only when the nuts are green. But see
+here!" He drew something half out of his righthand pocket.
+
+"What is it?" said Maggie, in a whisper. "I can see nothing but a bit of
+yellow."
+
+"Why, it's--a--new--guess, Maggie!"
+
+"Oh, I _can't_ guess, Tom," said Maggie, impatiently.
+
+"Don't be a spitfire, else I won't tell you," said Tom, thrusting his
+hand back into his pocket and looking determined.
+
+"No, Tom," said Maggie, imploringly, laying hold of the arm that was
+held stiffly in the pocket. "I'm not cross, Tom; it was only because I
+can't bear guessing. _Please_ be good to me."
+
+Tom's arm slowly relaxed, and he said, "Well, then, it's a new fish
+line--two new uns,--one for you, Maggie, all to yourself. And here's
+hooks; see here--I say, _won't_ we go and fish to-morrow down by the
+Round Pool? And you shall catch your own fish, Maggie, and put the worms
+on, and everything; won't it be fun?"
+
+Maggie's answer was to throw her arms round Tom's neck and hug him, and
+hold her cheek against his without speaking, while he slowly unwound
+some of the line, saying, after a pause,--
+
+"Wasn't I a good brother, now, to buy you a line all to yourself? You
+know, I needn't have bought it, if I hadn't liked."
+
+"Yes, very, very good--I _do_ love you, Tom." Tom had put the line back
+in his pocket, and was looking at the hooks one by one, before he spoke
+again.
+
+"And the fellows fought me, because I wouldn't give in about the
+toffee."
+
+"Oh, dear! I wish they wouldn't fight at your school, Tom. Didn't it
+hurt you?"
+
+"Hurt me? no," said Tom, putting up the hooks again, taking out a large
+pocketknife, and slowly opening the largest blade, which he looked at
+meditatively as he rubbed his finger along it. Then he added,--
+
+"I gave Spouncer a black eye, I know; that's what he got by wanting to
+leather _me_; I wasn't going to go halves because anybody leathered me."
+
+"Oh, how brave you are, Tom! I think you're like Samson. If there came a
+lion roaring at me, I think you'd fight him, wouldn't you, Tom?"
+
+"How can a lion come roaring at you, you silly thing? There's no lions,
+only in the shows."
+
+"No, but if we were in the lion countries--I mean Africa, where it's
+very hot; the lions eat people there. I can show it you in the book
+where I read it."
+
+"Well, I should get a gun and shoot him."
+
+"But if you hadn't got a gun,--we might have gone out, you know, not
+thinking, just as we go fishing; and then a great lion might run toward
+us roaring, and we couldn't get away from him. What should you do, Tom?"
+
+Tom paused, and at last turned away contemptuously, saying, "But the
+lion _isn't_ coming. What's the use of talking?"
+
+"But I like to fancy how it would be," said Maggie, following him, "Just
+think what you would do, Tom."
+
+"Oh, don't bother, Maggie! you're such a silly. I shall go and see my
+rabbits."
+
+Maggie's heart began to flutter with fear. She dared not tell the sad
+truth at once, but she walked after Tom in trembling silence as he went
+out, thinking how she could tell him the news so as to soften at once
+his sorrow and his anger; for Maggie dreaded Tom's anger of all things;
+it was quite different anger from her own.
+
+"Tom," she said, timidly, when they were out of doors, "how much money
+did you give for your rabbits?"
+
+"Two half-crowns and a sixpence," said Tom, promptly.
+
+"I think I've got a great deal more than that in my steel purse
+upstairs. I'll ask mother to give it you."
+
+"What for?" said Tom. "I don't want _your_ money, you silly thing. I've
+got a great deal more money than you, because I'm a boy. I always have
+half-sovereigns and sovereigns for my Christmas boxes because I shall be
+a man, and you have only five-shilling pieces, because you're only a
+girl."
+
+"Well, but, Tom--if mother would let me give you two half-crowns and a
+sixpence out of my purse to put into your pocket and spend, you know,
+and buy some more rabbits with it?"
+
+"More rabbits? I don't want any more."
+
+"Oh, but, Tom, they're all dead."
+
+Tom stopped in his walk and turned round toward Maggie. "You forgot to
+feed 'em, then?" he said, his color heightening for a moment, but soon
+subsiding. "I don't love you, Maggie. You shan't go fishing with me
+tomorrow. I told you to go and see the rabbits every day." He walked on
+again.
+
+"Yes, but I forgot--and I couldn't help it, indeed, Tom. I'm so very
+sorry," said Maggie, while the tears rushed fast.
+
+"You're a naughty girl," said Tom, severely, "and I'm sorry I bought you
+the fish line. I don't love you."
+
+"Oh, Tom, it's very cruel," sobbed Maggie. "I'd forgive you, if _you_
+forgot anything--I wouldn't mind what you did--I'd forgive you and love
+you."
+
+"Yes, you're a silly; but I never _do_ forget things, _I_ don't."
+
+"Oh, please forgive me, Tom; my heart will break," said Maggie, shaking
+with sobs, clinging to Tom's arm, and laying her wet cheek on his
+shoulder.
+
+Tom shook her off, and stopped again, saying in a peremptory tone, "Now,
+Maggie, you just listen. Aren't I a good brother to you?"
+
+"Ye-ye-es," sobbed Maggie, her chin rising and falling convulsedly.
+
+"Didn't I think about your fish line all this quarter, and mean to buy
+it, and saved my money o' purpose, and wouldn't go halves in the toffee,
+and Spouncer fought me because I wouldn't?"
+
+"Ye-ye-es--and I--lo-lo-love you so, Tom."
+
+"But you're a naughty girl. Last holidays you licked the paint off my
+lozenge box, and the holidays before that you let the boat drag my fish
+line down when I'd set you to watch it, and you pushed your head through
+my kite, all for nothing."
+
+"But I didn't mean," said Maggie; "I couldn't help it."
+
+"Yes, you could," said Tom, "if you'd minded what you were doing. And
+you're a naughty girl, and you sha'n't go fishing with me to-morrow."
+
+With this terrible conclusion, Tom ran away from Maggie toward the mill.
+Maggie stood motionless, except from her sobs, for a minute or two; then
+she turned round and ran into the house, and up to her attic, where she
+sat on the floor and laid her head against the worm-eaten shelf, with a
+crushing sense of misery. Tom was come home, and she had thought how
+happy she should be; and now he was cruel to her. What use was anything
+if Tom didn't love her? Oh, he was very cruel! Hadn't she wanted to give
+him the money, and said how very sorry she was? She knew she was naughty
+to her mother, but she had never been naughty to Tom--had never _meant_
+to be naughty to him.
+
+[Illustration: "OH, HE IS CRUEL!"]
+
+"Oh, he is cruel!" Maggie sobbed aloud, finding a wretched pleasure in
+the hollow resonance that came through the long empty space of the
+attic. She never thought of beating or grinding her Fetish; she was too
+miserable to be angry.
+
+These bitter sorrows of childhood! when sorrow is all new and strange,
+when hope has not yet got wings to fly beyond the days and weeks, and
+the space from summer to summer seems measureless.
+
+Maggie soon thought she had been hours in the attic, and it must be tea
+time, and they were all having their tea, and not thinking of her. Well,
+then, she would stay up there and starve herself,--hide herself behind
+the tub, and stay there all night,--and then they would all be
+frightened, and Tom would be sorry. Thus Maggie thought in the pride of
+her heart, as she crept behind the tub; but presently she began to cry
+again at the idea that they didn't mind her being there. If she went
+down again to Tom now--would he forgive her? Perhaps her father would be
+there, and he would take her part. But then she wanted Tom to forgive
+her because he loved her, not because his father told him. No, she would
+never go down if Tom didn't come to fetch her. This resolution lasted in
+great intensity for five dark minutes behind the tub; but then the need
+of being loved--the strongest need in poor Maggie's nature--began to
+wrestle with her pride, and soon threw it. She crept from behind the tub
+into the twilight of the long attic, but just then she heard a quick
+footstep on the stairs.
+
+Tom had been too much interested in his talk with Luke, in going the
+round of the premises, walking in and out where he pleased, and
+whittling sticks without any particular reason,--except that he didn't
+whittle sticks at school,--to think of Maggie and the effect his anger
+had produced on her. He meant to punish her, and that business having
+been performed, he occupied himself with other matters, like a practical
+person. But when he had been called in to tea, his father said, "Why,
+where's the little wench?" and Mrs. Tulliver, almost at the same
+moment, said, "Where's your little sister?"--both of them having
+supposed that Maggie and Tom had been together all the afternoon.
+
+"I don't know," said Tom. He didn't want to "tell" of Maggie, though he
+was angry with her; for Tom Tulliver was a lad of honor.
+
+"What! hasn't she been playing with you all this while?" said the
+father. "She'd been thinking o' nothing but your coming home."
+
+"I haven't seen her this two hours," says Tom, commencing on the
+plumcake.
+
+"Goodness heart! she's got drownded!" exclaimed Mrs. Tulliver, rising
+from her seat and running to the window. "How could you let her do so?"
+she added, as became a fearful woman, accusing she didn't know whom of
+she didn't know what.
+
+"Nay, nay, she's none drownded," said Mr. Tulliver. "You've been naughty
+to her, I doubt, Tom?"
+
+"I'm sure I haven't, father," said Tom indignantly. "I think she's in
+the house."
+
+"Perhaps up in that attic," said Mrs. Tulliver, "a-singing and talking
+to herself, and forgetting all about meal times."
+
+"You go and fetch her down, Tom," said Mr. Tulliver, rather
+sharply,--his perspicacity or his fatherly fondness for Maggie making
+him suspect that the lad had been hard upon "the little un," else she
+would never have left his side. "And be good to her, do you hear? Else
+I'll let you know better."
+
+Tom never disobeyed his father, for Mr. Tulliver was a peremptory man,
+and, as he said, would never let anybody get hold of his whip hand; but
+he went out rather sullenly, carrying his piece of plumcake, and not
+intending to reprieve Maggie's punishment, which was no more than she
+deserved. Tom was only thirteen, and had no decided views in grammar and
+arithmetic, regarding them for the most part as open questions, but he
+was particularly clear and positive on one point,--namely, that he would
+punish everybody who deserved it. Why, he wouldn't have minded being
+punished himself if he deserved it; but, then, he never _did_ deserve
+it.
+
+It was Tom's step, then, that Maggie heard on the stairs, when her need
+of love had triumphed over her pride, and she was going down with her
+swollen eyes and dishevelled hair to beg for pity. At least her father
+would stroke her head and say, "Never mind, my wench." It is a wonderful
+subduer, this need of love,--this hunger of the heart,--as peremptory as
+that other hunger by which Nature forces us to submit to the yoke, and
+change the face of the world.
+
+But she knew Tom's step, and her heart began to beat violently with the
+sudden shock of hope. He only stood still at the top of the stairs and
+said, "Maggie, you're to come down." But she rushed to him and clung
+around his neck, sobbing, "Oh, Tom, please forgive me--I can't bear
+it--I will always be good--always remember things--do love me--please,
+dear Tom!"
+
+We learn to restrain ourselves as we get older. We keep apart when we
+have quarreled, express ourselves in well-bred phrases, and in this way
+preserve a dignified alienation, showing much firmness on one side, and
+swallowing much grief on the other. We no longer approximate in our
+behavior to the mere impulsiveness of the lower animals, but conduct
+ourselves in every respect like members of a highly civilized society.
+Maggie and Tom were still very much like young animals, and so she could
+rub her cheek against his, and kiss his ear in a random sobbing way; and
+there were tender fibres in the lad that had been used to answer to
+Maggie's fondling, so that he behaved with a weakness quite inconsistent
+with his resolution to punish her as much as she deserved. He actually
+began to kiss her in return, and say,--
+
+"Don't cry, then, Magsie; here, eat a bit o' cake."
+
+Maggie's sobs began to subside, and she put out her mouth for the cake
+and bit a piece; and then Tom bit a piece, just for company, and they
+ate together and rubbed each other's cheeks and brows and noses
+together, while they ate, with a humiliating resemblance to two friendly
+ponies.
+
+"Come along, Magsie, and have tea," said Tom at last, when there was no
+more cake except what was downstairs.
+
+So ended the sorrows of this day, and the next morning Maggie was
+trotting with her own fishing rod in one hand and a handle of the basket
+in the other, stepping always, by a peculiar gift, in the muddiest
+places, and looking darkly radiant from under her beaver-bonnet because
+Tom was good to her. She had told Tom, however, that she should like him
+to put the worms on the hook for her, although she accepted his word
+when he assured her that worms couldn't feel (it was Tom's private
+opinion that it didn't much matter if they did). He knew all about
+worms, and fish, and those things; and what birds were mischievous, and
+how padlocks opened, and which way the handles of the gates were to be
+lifted. Maggie thought this sort of knowledge was very wonderful,--much
+more difficult than remembering what was in the books; and she was
+rather in awe of Tom's superiority, for he was the only person who
+called her knowledge "stuff," and did not feel surprised at her
+cleverness. Tom, indeed, was of opinion that Maggie was a silly little
+thing; all girls were silly,--they couldn't throw a stone so as to hit
+anything, couldn't do anything with a pocketknife, and were frightened
+at frogs. Still, he was very fond of his sister, and meant always to
+take care of her, make her his housekeeper, and punish her when she did
+wrong.
+
+They were on their way to the Round Pool,--that wonderful pool, which
+the floods had made a long while ago. No one knew how deep it was; and
+it was mysterious, too, that it should be almost a perfect round, framed
+in with willows and tall reeds, so that the water was only to be seen
+when you got close to the brink. The sight of the old favorite spot
+always heightened Tom's good humor, and he spoke to Maggie in the most
+amicable whispers, as he opened the precious basket and prepared their
+tackle. He threw her line for her, and put the rod into her hand. Maggie
+thought it probable that the small fish would come to her hook, and the
+large ones to Tom's. But she had forgotten all about the fish, and was
+looking dreamily at the glassy water, when Tom said, in a loud whisper,
+"Look, look, Maggie!" and came running to prevent her from snatching her
+line away.
+
+Maggie was frightened lest she had been doing something wrong, as usual,
+but presently Tom drew out her line and brought a large tench bouncing
+on the grass.
+
+Tom was excited.
+
+"O Maggie, you little duck! Empty the basket."
+
+Maggie was not conscious of unusual merit, but it was enough that Tom
+called her Magsie, and was pleased with her. There was nothing to mar
+her delight in the whispers and the dreamy silences, when she listened
+to the light dipping sounds of the rising fish, and the gentle rustling,
+as if the willows and the reeds and the water had their happy whispering
+also. Maggie thought it would make a very nice heaven to sit by the pool
+in that way, and never be scolded. She never knew she had a bite till
+Tom told her; but she liked fishing very much.
+
+
+III
+
+On Wednesday, the day before the aunts and uncles were coming, there
+were such various and suggestive scents, as of plumcakes in the oven and
+jellies in the hot state, mingled with the aroma of gravy, that it was
+impossible to feel altogether gloomy; there was hope in the air. Tom and
+Maggie made several inroads into the kitchen, and, like other marauders,
+were induced to keep aloof for a time only by being allowed to carry
+away a sufficient load of booty.
+
+"Tom," said Maggie, as they sat on the boughs of the elder-tree, eating
+their jam-puffs, "shall you run away to-morrow?"
+
+"No," said Tom, slowly, when he had finished his puff, and was eyeing
+the third, which was to be divided between them,--"no, I sha'n't."
+
+"Why, Tom? Because Lucy's coming?"
+
+[Illustration: "IS IT THE TIPSY-CAKE, THEN?"]
+
+"No," said Tom, opening his pocketknife and holding it over the puff,
+with his head on one side in a dubitative manner. (It was a difficult
+problem to divide that very irregular polygon into two equal parts.)
+"What do _I_ care about Lucy? She's only a girl,--_she_ can't play at
+bandy."
+
+"Is it the tipsy-cake, then?" said Maggie, exerting her hypothetic
+powers, while she leaned forward toward Tom with her eyes fixed on the
+hovering knife. "No, you silly, that'll be good the day after. It's the
+pudden. I know what's the pudden's to be,--apricot roll-up--O my
+buttons!"
+
+With this interjection, the knife descended on the puff, and it was in
+two, but the result was not satisfactory to Tom, for he still eyed the
+halves doubtfully. At last he said,--
+
+"Shut your eyes, Maggie."
+
+"What for?"
+
+"You never mind what for. Shut 'em when I tell you."
+
+Maggie obeyed.
+
+"Now, which'll you have, Maggie,--right hand or left?
+
+"I'll have that with the jam run out," said Maggie, keeping her eyes
+shut to please Tom.
+
+"Why, you don't like that, you silly. You may have it if it comes to you
+fair, but I sha'n't give it you without. Right or left,--you choose,
+now. Ha-a-a!" said Tom, in a tone of exasperation, as Maggie peeped.
+"You keep your eyes shut, now, else you sha'n't have any."
+
+Maggie's power of sacrifice did not extend so far; indeed, I fear she
+cared less that Tom should enjoy the utmost possible amount of puff,
+than that he should be pleased with her for giving him the best bit. So
+she shut her eyes close, till Tom told her to "say which," and then she
+said, "Left hand."
+
+"You've got it," said Tom, in rather a bitter tone.
+
+"What! the bit with the jam run out?"
+
+"No; here, take it," said Tom, firmly, handing decidedly the best piece
+to Maggie.
+
+"Oh, please, Tom, have it; I don't mind--I like the other; please take
+this."
+
+"No, I sha'n't," said Tom, almost crossly, beginning on his own inferior
+piece.
+
+Maggie, thinking it was no use to contend further, began too, and ate up
+her half puff with considerable relish as well as rapidity. But Tom had
+finished first, and had to look on while Maggie ate her last morsel or
+two, feeling in himself a capacity for more. Maggie didn't know Tom was
+looking at her; she was see-sawing on the elder bough, lost to almost
+everything but a vague sense of jam and idleness.
+
+"Oh, you greedy thing!" said Tom, when she had swallowed the last
+morsel. He was conscious of having acted very fairly, and thought she
+ought to have considered this, and made up to him for it. He would have
+refused a bit of hers beforehand, but one is naturally at a different
+point of view before and after one's own share of puff is swallowed.
+
+Maggie turned quite pale. "Oh, Tom, why didn't you ask me?"
+
+"I wasn't going to ask you for a bit, you greedy. You might have thought
+of it without, when you knew I gave you the best bit."
+
+"But I wanted you to have it; you know I did," said Maggie, in an
+injured tone.
+
+"Yes, but I wasn't going to do what wasn't fair. If I go halves, I'll go
+'em fair; only I wouldn't be a greedy."
+
+With this cutting innuendo, Tom jumped down from his bough, and threw a
+stone with a "hoigh!" as a friendly attention to Yap, who had also been
+looking on while the eatables vanished, with an agitation of his ears
+and feelings which could hardly have been without bitterness. Yet the
+excellent dog accepted Tom's attention with as much alacrity as if he
+had been treated quite generously.
+
+But Maggie, gifted with that superior power of misery which
+distinguishes the human being, and places him at a proud distance from
+the most melancholy chimpanzee, sat still on her bough, and gave herself
+up to the keen sense of unmerited reproach. She would have given the
+world not to have eaten all her puff, and to have saved some of it for
+Tom. Not but that the puff was very nice, for Maggie's palate was not at
+all obtuse, but she would have gone without it many times over, sooner
+than Tom should call her greedy and be cross with her. And he had said
+he wouldn't have it, and she ate it without thinking; how could she help
+it? The tears flowed so plentifully that Maggie saw nothing around her
+for the next ten minutes; but by that time resentment began to give way
+to the desire of reconciliation, and she jumped from her bough to look
+for Tom. He was no longer in the paddock behind the rickyard; where was
+he likely to be gone, and Yap with him? Maggie ran to the high bank
+against the great holly tree, where she could see far away toward the
+Floss.
+
+There was Tom; but her heart sank again as she saw how far he was on his
+way to the great river, and that he had another companion besides
+Yap,--naughty Bob Jakin, whose official, if not natural, function of
+frightening the birds was just now at a standstill.
+
+Well! there was no hope for it; he was gone now, and Maggie could think
+of no comfort but to sit down by the hollow, or wander by the hedgerow,
+and fancy it was all different, refashioning her little world into just
+what she should like it to be.
+
+
+IV
+
+Maggie had thrown her bonnet off very carelessly, and coming in with her
+hair rough as well as out of curl, rushed at once to Lucy, who was
+standing by her mother's knee. Certainly the contrast between the
+cousins was conspicuous. It was like the contrast between a rough, dark,
+overgrown puppy and a white kitten. Lucy put up the neatest little
+rosebud mouth to be kissed; everything about her was neat--her little
+round neck, with the row of coral beads; her little straight nose, not
+at all snubby; her little clear eyebrows, rather darker than her curls,
+to match her hazel eyes, which looked up with shy pleasure at Maggie,
+taller by the head, though scarcely a year older. Maggie always looked
+at Lucy with delight. She was fond of fancying a world where the people
+never got any larger than children of their own age, and she made the
+queen of it just like Lucy, with a little crown on her head, and a
+little sceptre in her hand--only the queen was Maggie herself in Lucy's
+form.
+
+"Oh, Lucy," she burst out, after kissing her, "you'll stay with Tom and
+me, won't you? Oh, kiss her, Tom."
+
+Tom, too, had come up to Lucy, but he was not going to kiss her--no; he
+came up to her with Maggie, because it seemed easier, on the whole, than
+saying, "How do you do?" to all those aunts and uncles. He stood looking
+at nothing in particular, with the blushing, awkward air and semi-smile
+which are common to shy boys when in company,--very much as if they had
+come into the world by mistake, and found it in a degree of undress that
+was quite embarrassing.
+
+"Maggie," said Mrs. Tulliver, beckoning Maggie to her, and whispering in
+her ear, as soon as this point of Lucy's staying was settled, "go and
+get your hair brushed. I told you not to come in without going to Martha
+first; you know I did."
+
+"Tom, come out with me," whispered Maggie, pulling his sleeve as she
+passed him; and Tom followed willingly enough.
+
+"Come upstairs with me, Tom," she whispered, when they were outside the
+door. "There's something I want to do before dinner."
+
+"There's no time to play at anything before dinner," said Tom, whose
+imagination was impatient of any intermediate prospect.
+
+"Oh yes, there is time for this; _do_ come, Tom."
+
+Tom followed Maggie upstairs into her mother's room, and saw her go at
+once to a drawer, from which she took out a large pair of scissors.
+
+"What are they for, Maggie?" said Tom, feeling his curiosity awakened.
+
+Maggie answered by seizing her front locks and cutting them straight
+across the middle of her forehead.
+
+"Oh, my buttons! Maggie, you'll catch it!" exclaimed Tom; "you'd better
+not cut any more off."
+
+Snip! went the great scissors again while Tom was speaking, and he
+couldn't help feeling it was rather good fun; Maggie would look so
+queer.
+
+"Here, Tom, cut it behind for me," said Maggie, excited by her own
+daring, and anxious to finish the deed.
+
+"You'll catch it, you know," said Tom, nodding his head in an admonitory
+manner, and hesitating a little as he took the scissors.
+
+"Never mind, make haste!" said Maggie, giving a little stamp with her
+foot. Her cheeks were quite flushed.
+
+The black locks were so thick, nothing could be more tempting to a lad
+who had already tasted the forbidden pleasure of cutting the pony's
+mane. I speak to those who know the satisfaction of making a pair of
+shears meet through a duly resisting mass of hair. One delicious
+grinding snip, and then another and another, and the hinder locks fell
+heavily on the floor, and Maggie stood cropped in a jagged, uneven
+manner, but with a sense of clearness and freedom, as if she had emerged
+from a wood into the open plain.
+
+"Oh, Maggie," said Tom, jumping round her, and slapping his knees as he
+laughed, "Oh, my buttons! what a queer thing you look! Look at yourself
+in the glass; you look like the idiot we throw out nutshells to at
+school."
+
+Maggie felt an unexpected pang. She had thought beforehand chiefly of
+her own deliverance from her teasing hair and teasing remarks about it,
+and something also of the triumph she should have over her mother and
+her aunts by this very decided course of action; she didn't want her
+hair to look pretty,--that was out of the question,--she only wanted
+people to think her a clever little girl, and not to find fault with
+her. But now, when Tom began to laugh at her, and say she was like the
+idiot, the affair had quite a new aspect. She looked in the glass, and
+still Tom laughed and clapped his hands, and Maggie's flushed cheeks
+began to pale, and her lips to tremble a little.
+
+"Oh, Maggie, you'll have to go down to dinner directly," said Tom. "Oh,
+my!"
+
+"Don't laugh at me, Tom," said Maggie, in a passionate tone, with an
+outburst of angry tears, stamping, and giving him a push.
+
+"Now, then, spitfire!" said Tom. "What did you cut it off for, then? I
+shall go down: I can smell the dinner going in."
+
+He hurried downstairs and left poor Maggie to that bitter sense of the
+irrevocable which was almost an everyday experience of her small soul.
+She could see clearly enough, now the thing was done, that it was very
+foolish, and that she should have to hear and think more about her hair
+than ever; for Maggie rushed to her deeds with passionate impulse, and
+then saw not only their consequences, but what would have happened if
+they had not been done, with all the detail and exaggerated
+circumstances of an active imagination.
+
+"Miss Maggie, you're to come down this minute," said Kezia, entering the
+room hurriedly. "Lawks! what have you been a-doing? I niver _see_ such a
+fright!"
+
+"Don't, Kezia," said Maggie, angrily. "Go away!"
+
+"But I tell you you're to come down, Miss, this minute; your mother says
+so," said Kezia, going up to Maggie and taking her by the hand to raise
+her from the floor.
+
+"Get away, Kezia; I don't want any dinner," said Maggie, resisting
+Kezia's arm. "I sha'n't come."
+
+"Oh, well, I can't stay. I've got to wait at dinner," said Kezia, going
+out again.
+
+"Maggie, you little silly," said Tom, peeping into the room ten minutes
+after, "why don't you come and have your dinner? There's lots o'
+goodies, and mother says you're to come. What are you crying for, you
+little spooney?"
+
+Oh, it was dreadful! Tom was so hard and unconcerned; if _he_ had been
+crying on the floor, Maggie would have cried, too. And there was the
+dinner, so nice; and she was _so_ hungry. It was very bitter.
+
+But Tom was not altogether hard. He was not inclined to cry, and did not
+feel that Maggie's grief spoiled his prospect of the sweets; but he went
+and put his head near her, and said in a lower, comforting tone,--
+
+"Won't you come, then, Magsie? Shall I bring you a bit o' pudding when
+I've had mine, and a custard and things?"
+
+"Ye-e-es," said Maggie, beginning to feel life a little more tolerable.
+
+"Very well," said Tom, going away. But he turned again at the door and
+said, "But you'd better come, you know. There's the dessert,--nuts, you
+know, and cowslip wine."
+
+Maggie's tears had ceased, and she looked reflective as Tom left her.
+His good nature had taken off the keenest edge of her sufferings, and
+nuts with cowslip wine began to assert their legitimate influence.
+
+Slowly she rose from amongst her scattered locks, and slowly she made
+her way downstairs. Then she stood leaning with one shoulder against
+the frame of the dining-parlor door, peeping in when it was ajar. She
+saw Tom and Lucy with an empty chair between them, and there were the
+custards on a side table; it was too much. She slipped in and went
+toward the empty chair. But she had no sooner sat down than she repented
+and wished herself back again.
+
+Mrs. Tulliver gave a little scream as she saw her, and felt such a
+"turn" that she dropped the large gravy-spoon into the dish, with the
+most serious results to the tablecloth. For Kezia had not betrayed the
+reason of Maggie's refusal to come down, not liking to give her mistress
+a shock in the moment of carving, and Mrs. Tulliver thought there was
+nothing worse in question than a fit of perverseness, which was
+inflicting its own punishment by depriving Maggie of half her dinner.
+
+Mrs. Tulliver's scream made all eyes turn toward the same point as her
+own, and Maggie's cheeks and ears began to burn, while uncle Glegg, a
+kind-looking, white-haired old gentleman, said,--
+
+"Heyday! what little gell's this? Why, I don't know her. Is it some
+little gell you've picked up in the road, Kezia?"
+
+"Why, she's gone and cut her hair herself," said Mr. Tulliver in an
+undertone to Mr. Deane, laughing with much enjoyment. "Did you ever know
+such a little hussy as it is?"
+
+"Why, little miss, you've made yourself look very funny," said uncle
+Pullet, and perhaps he never in his life made an observation which was
+felt to be so lacerating.
+
+"Fie, for shame!" said aunt Glegg, in her loudest, severest tone of
+reproof. "Little gells as cut their own hair should be whipped and fed
+on bread and water,--not come and sit down with their aunts and uncles."
+
+"Ay, ay," said uncle Glegg, meaning to give a playful turn to this
+denunciation, "she must be sent to jail, I think, and they'll cut the
+rest of her hair off there, and make it all even."
+
+"She's more like a gypsy nor ever," said aunt Pullet, in a pitying tone;
+"it's very bad luck, sister, as the gell should be so brown; the boy's
+fair enough. I doubt it'll stand in her way i' life to be so brown."
+
+"She's a naughty child, as'll break her mother's heart," said Mrs.
+Tulliver, with the tears in her eyes.
+
+Maggie seemed to be listening to a chorus of reproach and derision. Her
+first flush came from anger, which gave her a transient power of
+defiance, and Tom thought she was braving it out, supported by the
+recent appearance of the pudding and custard. Under this impression, he
+whispered, "Oh, my! Maggie, I told you you'd catch it." He meant to be
+friendly, but Maggie felt convinced that Tom was rejoicing in her
+ignominy. Her feeble power of defiance left her in an instant, her heart
+swelled, and getting up from her chair, she ran to her father, hid her
+face on his shoulder, and burst out into loud sobbing.
+
+"Come, come, my wench," said her father, soothingly, putting his arm
+round her, "never mind; you was i' the right to cut it off if it
+plagued you; give over crying; father'll take your part."
+
+Delicious words of tenderness! Maggie never forgot any of these moments
+when her father "took her part"; she kept them in her heart, and
+thought of them long years after, when every one else said that her
+father had done very ill by his children.
+
+With the dessert there came entire deliverance for Maggie, for the
+children were told they might have their nuts and wine in the
+summerhouse, since the day was so mild; and they scampered out among the
+building bushes of the garden with the alacrity of small animals getting
+from under a burning glass.
+
+
+V
+
+While the possible troubles of Maggie's future were occupying her
+father's mind, she herself was tasting only bitterness of the present.
+Childhood has not forebodings; but then, it is soothed by no memories of
+out-lived sorrow.
+
+The fact was, the day had begun ill with Maggie. The pleasure of having
+Lucy to look at, and the prospect of the afternoon visit to Garum Firs,
+where she would hear uncle Pullet's musical box, had been marred as
+early as eleven o'clock by the advent of the hairdresser from Saint
+Ogg's, who had spoken in the severest terms of the condition in which he
+had found her hair, holding up one jagged lock after another and saying,
+"see here! tut, tut, tut!" in a tone of mingled disgust and pity, which
+to Maggie's imagination was equivalent to the strongest expression of
+public opinion. Mr. Rappit, the hairdresser, with his well-anointed
+coronal locks tending wavily upward, like the simulated pyramid of flame
+on a monumental urn, seemed to her at that moment the most formidable
+of her contemporaries, into whose street at Saint Ogg's she would
+carefully refrain from entering through the rest of her life.
+
+Already, at twelve o'clock, Mrs. Tulliver had on her visiting costume,
+with a protective apparatus of brown holland, as if she had been a piece
+of satin furniture in danger of flies; Maggie was frowning and twisting
+her shoulders, that she might if possible shrink away from the
+prickliest of tuckers, while her mother was remonstrating, "Don't,
+Maggie, my dear; don't make yourself so ugly!" and Tom's cheeks were
+looking particularly brilliant as a relief to his best blue suit, which
+he wore with becoming calmness, having, after a little wrangling,
+effected what was always the one point of interest to him in his toilet:
+he had transferred all the contents of his everyday pockets to those
+actually in wear.
+
+As for Lucy, she was just as pretty and neat as she had been yesterday;
+no accidents ever happened to her clothes, and she was never
+uncomfortable in them, so that she looked with wondering pity at Maggie,
+pouting and writhing under the exasperating tucker. Maggie would
+certainly have torn it off, if she had not been checked by the
+remembrance of her recent humiliation about her hair; as it was, she
+confined herself to fretting and twisting, and behaving peevishly about
+the card houses which they were allowed to build till dinner, as a
+suitable amusement for boys and girls in their best clothes. Tom could
+build perfect pyramids of houses; but Maggie's would never bear the
+laying on the roof. It was always so with the things that Maggie made;
+and Tom had deduced the conclusion that no girls could ever make
+anything. But it happened that Lucy proved wonderfully clever at
+building; she handled the cards so lightly, and moved so gently, that
+Tom condescended to admire her houses as well as his own, the more
+readily because she had asked him to teach her. Maggie, too, would have
+admired Lucy's houses, and would have given up her own unsuccessful
+building to contemplate them, without ill temper, if her tucker had not
+made her peevish, and if Tom had not inconsiderately laughed when her
+houses fell, and told her she was "a stupid."
+
+"Don't laugh at me, Tom!" she burst out angrily; "I'm not a stupid. I
+know a great many things you don't."
+
+"Oh, I dare say, Miss Spitfire! I'd never be such a cross thing as you,
+making faces like that. Lucy doesn't do so. I like Lucy better than you;
+_I_ wish Lucy was _my_ sister."
+
+"Then it's very wicked and cruel of you to wish so," said Maggie,
+starting up hurriedly from her place on the floor, and upsetting Tom's
+wonderful pagoda.
+
+She really did not mean it, but the circumstantial evidence was against
+her, and Tom turned white with anger, but said nothing; he would have
+struck her, only he knew it was cowardly to strike a girl, and Tom
+Tulliver was quite determined he would never do anything cowardly.
+
+Maggie stood in dismay and terror, while Tom got up from the floor and
+walked away, pale, from the scattered ruins of his pagoda, and Lucy
+looked on mutely, like a kitten pausing from its lapping.
+
+"Oh, Tom," said Maggie, at last, going halfway toward him, "I didn't
+mean to knock it down,--indeed, indeed I didn't."
+
+Tom took no notice of her, but took, instead, two or three hard peas out
+of his pocket, and shot them with his thumb-nail against the window,
+vaguely at first, but presently with the distinct aim of hitting a
+superannuated blue bottle which was exposing its imbecility in the
+spring sunshine, clearly against the views of Nature, who had provided
+Tom and the peas for the speedy destruction of this weak individual.
+
+Thus the morning had been made heavy to Maggie, and Tom's persistent
+coldness to her all through their walk spoiled the fresh air and
+sunshine for her. He called Lucy to look at the half-built bird's nest
+without caring to show it to Maggie, and peeled a willow switch for Lucy
+and himself, without offering one to Maggie. Lucy had said, "Maggie,
+shouldn't _you_ like one?" but Tom was deaf.
+
+Still, the sight of the peacock opportunely spreading his tail on the
+stackyard wall, just as they reached Garum Firs, was enough to divert
+the mind temporarily from personal grievances. And this was only the
+beginning of beautiful sights at Garum Firs. All the farmyard life was
+wonderful there,--bantams, speckled and topknotted; Friesland hens, with
+their feathers all turned the wrong way; Guinea fowls that flew and
+screamed and dropped their pretty spotted feathers; pouter pigeons and a
+tame magpie; nay, a goat, and a wonderful brindled dog, half mastiff,
+half bulldog, as large as a lion. Then there were white railings and
+white gates all about, and glittering weathercocks of various design,
+and garden walks paved with pebbles in beautiful patterns,--nothing was
+quite common at Garum Firs; and Tom thought that the unusual size of the
+toads there was simply due to the general unusualness which
+characterized uncle Pullet's possessions as a gentleman farmer. Toads
+who paid rent were naturally leaner. As for the house, it was not less
+remarkable; it had a receding centre, and two wings with battlemented
+turrets, and was covered with glittering white stucco.
+
+The small demons who had taken possession of Maggie's soul at an earlier
+period of the day had returned in all the greater force after a
+temporary absence. All the disagreeable recollections of the morning
+were thick upon her, when Tom said, "Here, Lucy, you come along with
+me," and walked off to the area where the toads were, as if there were
+no Maggie in existence. Seeing this, Maggie lingered at a distance,
+looking like a small Medusa with her snakes cropped. Lucy was naturally
+pleased that cousin Tom was so good to her, and it was very amusing to
+see him tickling a fat toad with a piece of string when the toad was
+safe down the area, with an iron grating over him. Still Lucy wished
+Maggie to enjoy the spectacle also, especially as she would doubtless
+find a name for the toad, and say what had been his past history; for
+Lucy had a delighted semi-belief in Maggie's stories about the live
+things they came upon by accident,--how Mrs. Earwig had a wash at home,
+and one of her children had fallen into the hot copper, for which reason
+she was running so fast to fetch the doctor. Tom had a profound contempt
+for this nonsense of Maggie's, smashing the earwig at once as a
+superfluous yet easy means of proving the entire unreality of such a
+story; but Lucy, for the life of her, could not help fancying there was
+something in it, and at all events thought it was very pretty
+make-believe. So now the desire to know the history of a very portly
+toad, added to her habitual affectionateness, made her run to Maggie and
+say, "Oh, there is such a big, funny toad, Maggie! Do come and see!"
+
+Maggie said nothing, but turned away from her with a deeper frown. As
+long as Tom seemed to prefer Lucy to her, Lucy made part of his
+unkindness. Maggie would have thought a little while ago that she could
+never be cross with pretty little Lucy, any more than she could be cruel
+to a little white mouse; but then, Tom had always been quite indifferent
+to Lucy before, and it had been left to Maggie to pet and make much of
+her. As it was, she was actually beginning to think that she should like
+to make Lucy cry by slapping or pinching her, especially as it might vex
+Tom, whom it was of no use to slap, even if she dared, because he didn't
+mind it. And if Lucy hadn't been there, Maggie was sure he would have
+got friends with her sooner.
+
+Tickling a fat toad who is not highly sensitive is an amusement that it
+is possible to exhaust, and Tom by and by began to look round for some
+other mode of passing the time. But in so prim a garden, where they were
+not to go off the paved walks, there was not a great choice of sport.
+The only great pleasure such a restriction suggested was the pleasure of
+breaking it, and Tom began to meditate an insurrectionary visit to the
+pond, about a field's length beyond the garden.
+
+"I say, Lucy," he began, nodding his head up and down with great
+significance, as he coiled up his string again, "what do you think I
+mean to do?"
+
+"What, Tom?" said Lucy, with curiosity.
+
+"I mean to go to the pond and look at the pike. You may go with me if
+you like," said the young sultan.
+
+"Oh, Tom, _dare_ you?" said Lucy. "Aunt said we mustn't go out of the
+garden."
+
+"Oh, I shall go out at the other end of the garden," said Tom. "Nobody
+'ull see us. Besides, I don't care if they do,--I'll run off home."
+
+"But _I_ couldn't run," said Lucy, who had never before been exposed to
+such severe temptation.
+
+"Oh, never mind; they won't be cross with _you_," said Tom. "You say I
+took you."
+
+Tom walked along, and Lucy trotted by his side, timidly enjoying the
+rare treat of doing something naughty,--excited also by the mention of
+that celebrity, the pike, about which she was quite uncertain whether it
+was a fish or a fowl. Maggie saw them leaving the garden, and could not
+resist the impulse to follow. Anger and jealousy can no more bear to
+lose sight of their objects than love, and that Tom and Lucy should do
+or see anything of which she was ignorant would have been an intolerable
+idea to Maggie. So she kept a few yards behind them, unobserved by Tom,
+who was presently absorbed in watching for the pike,--a highly
+interesting monster; he was said to be so very old, so very large, and
+to have such a remarkable appetite. The pike, like other celebrities,
+did not show when he was watched for, but Tom caught sight of something
+in rapid movement in the water, which attracted him to another spot on
+the brink of the pond.
+
+[Illustration: "HERE, LUCY!"]
+
+"Here, Lucy!" he said in a loud whisper, "come here! take care! keep on
+the grass!--don't step where the cows have been!" he added, pointing to
+a peninsula of dry grass, with trodden mud on each side of it; for
+Tom's contemptuous conception of a girl included the attribute of being
+unfit to walk in dirty places.
+
+Lucy came carefully as she was bidden, and bent down to look at what
+seemed a golden arrowhead darting through the water. It was a water
+snake, Tom told her; and Lucy at last could see the serpentine wave of
+its body, very much wondering that a snake could swim. Maggie had drawn
+nearer and nearer; she _must_ see it too, though it was bitter to her,
+like everything else, since Tom did not care about her seeing it. At
+last she was close by Lucy; and Tom, who had been aware of her approach,
+but would not notice it till he was obliged, turned round and said,--
+
+"Now, get away, Maggie; there's no room for you on the grass here.
+Nobody asked _you_ to come."
+
+There were passions at war in Maggie at that moment to have made a
+tragedy, if tragedies were made by passion only; the utmost Maggie could
+do, with a fierce thrust of her small brown arm, was to push poor little
+pink-and-white Lucy into the cow-trodden mud.
+
+Then Tom could not restrain himself, and gave Maggie two smart slaps on
+the arm as he ran to pick up Lucy, who lay crying helplessly. Maggie
+retreated to the roots of a tree a few yards off, and looked on
+impenitently. Usually her repentance came quickly after one rash deed,
+but now Tom and Lucy had made her so miserable, she was glad to spoil
+their happiness,--glad to make everybody uncomfortable. Why should she
+be sorry? Tom was very slow to forgive _her_, however sorry she might
+have been.
+
+"I shall tell mother, you know, Miss Mag," said Tom, loudly and
+emphatically, as soon as Lucy was up and ready to walk away. Lucy was
+too entirely absorbed by the evil that had befallen her,--the spoiling
+of her pretty best clothes, and the discomfort of being wet and
+dirty,--to think much of the cause, which was entirely mysterious to
+her. She could never have guessed what she had done to make Maggie angry
+with her; but she felt that Maggie was very unkind and disagreeable, and
+made no magnanimous entreaties to Tom that he would not "tell," only
+running along by his side and crying piteously, while Maggie sat on the
+roots of the tree and looked after them with her small Medusa face.
+
+"Sally," said Tom, when they reached the kitchen door, and Sally looked
+at them in speechless amaze, with a piece of bread-and-butter in her
+mouth and a toasting-fork in her hand,--"Sally, tell mother it was
+Maggie pushed Lucy into the mud."
+
+"But Lors ha' massy, how did you get near such mud as that?" said Sally,
+making a wry face, as she stooped down and examined the _corpus
+delicti_.
+
+Tom's imagination had not been rapid and capacious enough to include
+this question among the foreseen consequences, but it was no sooner put
+than he foresaw whither it tended, and that Maggie would not be
+considered the only culprit in the case. He walked quietly away from the
+kitchen door, leaving Sally to that pleasure of guessing which active
+minds notoriously prefer to ready-made knowledge.
+
+Sally lost no time in presenting Lucy at the parlor door, for to have so
+dirty an object introduced into the house at Garum Firs was too great a
+weight to be sustained by a single mind.
+
+"Goodness gracious!" aunt Pullet exclaimed, after preluding by an
+inarticulate scream; "keep her at the door, Sally! Don't bring her off
+the oilcloth, whatever you do."
+
+"Why, she's tumbled into some nasty mud," said Mrs. Tulliver, going up
+to Lucy to examine into the amount of damage to clothes for which she
+felt herself responsible to her sister Deane.
+
+"If you please, 'um, it was Miss Maggie as pushed her in," said Sally;
+"Master Tom's been and said so, and they must ha' been to the pond, for
+it's only there they could ha' got into such dirt."
+
+"There it is, Bessy; it's what I've been telling you," said Mrs. Pullet,
+in a tone of prophetic sadness; "it's your children,--there's no knowing
+what they'll come to."
+
+Mrs. Tulliver was mute, feeling herself a truly wretched mother. As
+usual, the thought pressed upon her that people would think she had done
+something wicked to deserve her maternal troubles, while Mrs. Pullet
+began to give elaborate directions to Sally how to guard the premises
+from serious injury in the course of removing the dirt. Meantime tea was
+to be brought in by the cook, and the two naughty children were to have
+theirs in an ignominious manner in the kitchen. Mrs. Tulliver went out
+to speak to these naughty children, supposing them to be close at hand;
+but it was not until after some search that she found Tom leaning with a
+careless air against the white paling of the poultry yard, and lowering
+his piece of string on the other side as a means of exasperating the
+turkey cock.
+
+"Tom, you naughty boy, where's your sister?" said Mrs. Tulliver, in a
+distressed voice.
+
+"I don't know," said Tom; his eagerness for justice on Maggie had
+diminished since he had seen clearly that it could hardly be brought
+about without the injustice of some blame on his own conduct.
+
+"Why, where did you leave her?" said the mother, looking round.
+
+"Sitting under the tree, against the pond," said Tom, apparently
+indifferent to everything but the string and the turkey cock.
+
+"Then go and fetch her in this minute, you naughty boy. And how could
+you think o' going to the pond, and taking your sister where there was
+dirt? You know she'll do mischief if there's mischief to be done."
+
+It was Mrs. Tulliver's way, if she blamed Tom, to refer his misdemeanor,
+somehow or other, to Maggie.
+
+The idea of Maggie sitting alone by the pond roused an habitual fear in
+Mrs. Tulliver's mind, and she mounted the horse block to satisfy herself
+by a sight of that fatal child, while Tom walked--not very quickly--on
+his way toward her.
+
+"They're such children for the water, mine are," she said aloud, without
+reflecting that there was no one to hear her; "they'll be brought in
+dead and drownded some day. I wish that river was far enough."
+
+But when she not only failed to discern Maggie, but presently saw Tom
+returning from the pool alone, this hovering fear entered and took
+complete possession of her, and she hurried to meet him.
+
+"Maggie's nowhere about the pond, mother," said Tom; "she's gone away."
+
+You may conceive the terrified search for Maggie, and the difficulty of
+convincing her mother that she was not in the pond. Mrs. Pullet observed
+that the child might come to a worse end if she lived, there was no
+knowing; and Mr. Pullet reached down a key to the goose-pen as a likely
+place for Maggie to lie concealed in.
+
+Tom, after a while, started the idea that Maggie was gone home, and the
+suggestion was seized as a comfort by his mother.
+
+"Sister, for goodness' sake let 'em put the horse in the carriage and
+take me home; we shall perhaps find her on the road. Lucy can't walk in
+her dirty clothes," she said, looking at that innocent victim, who was
+wrapped up in a shawl, and sitting with naked feet on the sofa.
+
+Aunt Pullet was quite willing to take the shortest means of restoring
+her premises to order and quiet, and it was not long before Mrs.
+Tulliver was in the chaise, looking anxiously at the most distant point
+before her. What the father would say if Maggie was lost, was a question
+that predominated over every other.
+
+
+VI
+
+Maggie's intentions, as usual, were on a larger scale than Tom had
+imagined. The resolution that gathered in her mind, after Tom and Lucy
+had walked away, was not so simple as that of going home. No! she would
+run away and go to the gypsies, and Tom should never see her any more.
+That was by no means a new idea to Maggie; she had been so often told
+she was like a gypsy, and "half wild," that when she was miserable it
+seemed to her the only way of escaping opprobrium, and being entirely in
+harmony with circumstances, would be to live in a little brown tent on
+the commons; the gypsies, she considered, would gladly receive her and
+pay her much respect on account of her superior knowledge. She had once
+mentioned her views on this point to Tom, and suggested that he should
+stain his face brown, and they should run away together; but Tom
+rejected the scheme with contempt, observing that gypsies were thieves,
+and hardly got anything to eat, and had nothing to drive but a donkey.
+To-day, however, Maggie thought her misery had reached a pitch at which
+gypsydom was her only refuge, and she rose from her seat on the roots of
+the tree with the sense that this was a great crisis in her life; she
+would run straight away till she came to Dunlow Common, where there
+would certainly be gypsies; and cruel Tom, and the rest of her relations
+who found fault with her, should never see her any more. She thought of
+her father as she ran along, but she reconciled herself to the idea of
+parting with him, by determining that she would secretly send him a
+letter by a small gypsy, who would run away without telling where she
+was, and just let him know that she was well and happy, and always loved
+him very much.
+
+Maggie soon got out of breath with running, but by the time Tom got to
+the pond again she was at the distance of three long fields, and was on
+the edge of the lane leading to the highroad. She stopped to pant a
+little, reflecting that running away was not a pleasant thing until one
+had got quite to the common where the gypsies were, but her resolution
+had not abated; she presently passed through the gate into the lane, not
+knowing where it would lead her; for it was not this way that they came
+from Dorlcote Mill to Garum Firs, and she felt all the safer for that,
+because there was no chance of her being overtaken. But she was soon
+aware, not without trembling, that there were two men coming along the
+lane in front of her; she had not thought of meeting strangers, she had
+been too much occupied with the idea of her friends coming after her.
+The formidable strangers were two shabby-looking men with flushed faces,
+one of them carrying a bundle on a stick over his shoulder; but to her
+surprise, while she was dreading their disapprobation as a runaway, the
+man with the bundle stopped, and in a half-whining, half-coaxing tone
+asked her if she had a copper to give a poor man. Maggie had a sixpence
+in her pocket, which she immediately drew out and gave this poor man
+with a polite smile, hoping that he would feel very kindly toward her as
+a generous person. "That's the only money I've got," she said
+apologetically. "Thank you, little miss," said the man, in a less
+respectful and grateful tone than Maggie anticipated, and she even
+observed that he smiled and winked at his companion. She walked on
+hurriedly, but was aware that the two men were standing still, probably
+to look after her, and she presently heard them laughing loudly.
+Suddenly it occurred to her that they might think she was an idiot; Tom
+had said that her cropped hair made her look like an idiot, and it was
+too painful an idea to be readily forgotten. Besides, she had no
+sleeves on--only a cape and a bonnet. It was clear that she was not
+likely to make a favorable impression on passengers, and she thought she
+would turn into the fields again.
+
+She turned through the first gate that was not locked, and felt a
+delightful sense of privacy in creeping along by the hedgerows, after
+her recent humiliating encounter. She was used to wandering about the
+fields by herself, and was less timid there than on the highroad.
+Sometimes she had to climb over high gates, but that was a small evil;
+she was getting out of reach very fast, and she would probably soon come
+within sight of Dunlow Common, or at least of some other common, for she
+had heard her father say that she couldn't go very far without coming to
+a common. She hoped so, for she was getting rather tired and hungry, and
+until she reached the gypsies there was no definite prospect of bread
+and butter. It was still broad daylight; so though it was nearly an hour
+since Maggie started, there was no gathering gloom on the fields to
+remind her that the night would come. Still, it seemed to her that she
+had been walking a very great distance indeed, and it was really
+surprising that the common did not come within sight.
+
+At last, however, the green fields came to an end, and Maggie found
+herself looking through the bars of a gate into a lane with a wide
+margin of grass on each side of it. She had never seen such a wide lane
+before, and, without her knowing why, it gave her the impression that
+the common could not be far off; perhaps it was because she saw a donkey
+with a log to his foot feeding on the grassy margin, for she had seen a
+donkey with that pitiable encumbrance on Dunlow Common when she had
+been across it in her father's gig. She crept through the bars of the
+gate and walked on with new spirit, though not without haunting images
+of Apollyon, and a highwayman with a pistol, and a blinking dwarf in
+yellow with a mouth from ear to ear, and other miscellaneous dangers.
+For poor little Maggie had at once the timidity of an active
+imagination, and the daring that comes from over-mastering impulse. She
+had rushed into the adventure of seeking her unknown kindred, the
+gypsies; and now she was in this strange lane, she hardly dared look on
+one side of her, lest she should see the diabolical blacksmith in his
+leathern apron grinning at her with arms akimbo. It was not without a
+leaping of the heart that she caught sight of a small pair of bare legs
+sticking up, feet uppermost, by the side of a hillock; they seemed
+something hideously preternatural,--a diabolical kind of fungus; for she
+was too much agitated at the first glance to see the ragged clothes and
+the dark shaggy head attached to them. It was a boy asleep, and Maggie
+trotted along faster and more lightly, lest she should wake him; it did
+not occur to her that he was one of her friends the gypsies, who in all
+probability would have very genial manners. But the fact was so, for at
+the next bend in the lane Maggie actually saw the little semi-circular
+black tent with the blue smoke rising before it, which was to be her
+refuge from all the blighting obloquy that had pursued her in civilized
+life. She even saw a tall female figure by the column of smoke,
+doubtless the gypsy-mother, who provided the tea and other groceries; it
+was astonishing to herself that she did not feel more delight. But it
+was startling to find the gypsies in a lane, after all, and not on a
+common; indeed, it was rather disappointing; for a mysterious
+illimitable common, where there were sand pits to hide in, and one was
+out of everybody's reach, had always made part of Maggie's picture of
+gypsy life. She went on, however, and thought with some comfort that
+gypsies most likely knew nothing about idiots, so there was no danger of
+their falling into the mistake of setting her down at the first glance
+as an idiot.
+
+It was plain she had attracted attention; for the tall figure, who
+proved to be a young woman with a baby on her arm, walked slowly to meet
+her. Maggie looked up in the new face rather tremblingly as it
+approached, and was reassured by the thought that her aunt Pullet and
+the rest were right when they called her a gypsy; for this face, with
+the bright dark eyes and the long hair, was really something like what
+she used to see in the glass before she cut her hair off.
+
+"My little lady, where are you going to?" the gypsy said, in a tone of
+coaxing deference.
+
+It was delightful, and just what Maggie expected; the gypsies saw at
+once that she was a little lady, and were prepared to treat her
+accordingly.
+
+"Not any farther," said Maggie, feeling as if she were saying what she
+had rehearsed in a dream. "I'm come to stay with _you_, please."
+
+"That's pretty; come, then. Why, what a nice little lady you are, to be
+sure!" said the gypsy, taking her by the hand. Maggie thought her very
+agreeable, but wished she had not been so dirty.
+
+There was quite a group round the fire when they reached it. An old
+gypsy woman was seated on the ground nursing her knees, and occasionally
+poking a skewer into the round kettle that sent forth an odorous steam;
+two small shock-headed children were lying prone and resting on their
+elbows something like small sphinxes; and a placid donkey was bending
+his head over a tall girl, who, lying on her back, was scratching his
+nose and indulging him with a bite of excellent stolen hay. The slanting
+sunlight fell kindly upon them, and the scene was really very pretty and
+comfortable, Maggie thought, only she hoped they would soon set out the
+teacups. Everything would be quite charming when she had taught the
+gypsies to use a washing basin, and to feel an interest in books. It was
+a little confusing, though, that the young woman began to speak to the
+old one in a language which Maggie did not understand, while the tall
+girl, who was feeding the donkey, sat up and stared at her without
+offering any salutation. At last the old woman said,--
+
+"What! my pretty lady, are you come to stay with us? Sit ye down and
+tell us where you come from."
+
+It was just like a story; Maggie liked to be called pretty lady and
+treated in this way. She sat down and said,--
+
+"I'm come from home because I'm unhappy, and I mean to be a gypsy. I'll
+live with you if you like, and I can teach you a great many things."
+
+"Such a clever little lady," said the woman with the baby, sitting down
+by Maggie, and allowing baby to crawl; "and such a pretty bonnet and
+frock," she added, taking off Maggie's bonnet and looking at it while
+she made an observation to the old woman, in the unknown language. The
+tall girl snatched the bonnet and put it on her own head hind-foremost
+with a grin; but Maggie was determined not to show any weakness on this
+subject, as if she were susceptible about her bonnet.
+
+"I don't want to wear a bonnet," she said; "I'd rather wear a red
+handkerchief, like yours" (looking at her friend by her side). "My hair
+was quite long till yesterday, when I cut it off; but I dare say it will
+grow again very soon," she added apologetically, thinking it probable
+the gypsies had a strong prejudice in favor of long hair. And Maggie had
+forgotten even her hunger at that moment in the desire to conciliate
+gypsy opinion.
+
+"Oh, what a nice little lady!--and rich, I'm sure," said the old woman.
+"Didn't you live in a beautiful house at home?"
+
+"Yes, my home is pretty, and I'm very fond of the river, where we go
+fishing, but I'm often very unhappy. I should have liked to bring my
+books with me, but I came away in a hurry, you know. But I can tell you
+almost everything there is in my books, I've read them so many times,
+and that will amuse you. And I can tell you something about Geography
+too--that's about the world we live in--very useful and interesting. Did
+you ever hear about Columbus?"
+
+Maggie's eyes had begun to sparkle and her cheeks to flush--she was
+really beginning to instruct the gypsies, and gaining great influence
+over them. The gypsies themselves were not without amazement at this
+talk, though their attention was divided by the contents of Maggie's
+pocket, which the friend at her right hand had by this time emptied
+without attracting her notice.
+
+"Is that where you live, my little lady?" said the old woman, at the
+mention of Columbus.
+
+"Oh, no!" said Maggie, with some pity; "Columbus was a very wonderful
+man, who found out half the world, and they put chains on him and
+treated him very badly, you know; it's in my Catechism of Geography, but
+perhaps it's rather too long to tell before tea--_I want my tea so_."
+
+The last words burst from Maggie, in spite of herself, with a sudden
+drop from patronizing instruction to simple peevishness.
+
+"Why she's hungry, poor little lady," said the younger woman. "Give her
+some o' the cold victual. You're been walking a good way, I'll be bound,
+my dear. Where's your home?"
+
+"It's Dorlcote Mill, a good way off," said Maggie. "My father is Mr.
+Tulliver, but we mustn't let him know where I am, else he'll fetch me
+home again. Where does the queen of the gypsies live?"
+
+"What! do you want to go to her, my little lady?" said the younger
+woman. The tall girl meanwhile was constantly staring at Maggie and
+grinning. Her manners were certainly not agreeable.
+
+"No," said Maggie, "I'm only thinking that if she isn't a very good
+queen you might be glad when she died, and you could choose another. If
+I was a queen, I'd be a very good queen, and kind to everybody."
+
+"Here's a bit o' nice victual, then," said the old woman, handing to
+Maggie a lump of dry bread, and a piece of cold bacon.
+
+"Thank you," said Maggie, looking at the food without taking it; "but
+will you give me some bread-and-butter and tea instead? I don't like
+bacon."
+
+"We've got no tea nor butter," said the old woman, with something like a
+scowl, as if she were getting tired of coaxing.
+
+"Oh, a little bread and treacle would do," said Maggie.
+
+"We han't got no treacle," said the old woman, crossly, whereupon there
+followed a sharp dialogue between the two women in their unknown tongue,
+and one of the small sphinxes snatched at the bread and bacon, and began
+to eat it. At this moment the tall girl, who had gone a few yards off,
+came back, and said something which produced a strong effect. The old
+woman, seeming to forget Maggie's hunger, poked the skewer into the pot
+with new vigor, and the younger crept under the tent, and reached out
+some platters and spoons. Maggie trembled a little, and was afraid the
+tears would come into her eyes. Meanwhile the tall girl gave a shrill
+cry, and presently came running up the boy whom Maggie had passed as he
+was sleeping,--a rough urchin about the age of Tom. He stared at Maggie,
+and there ensued much incomprehensible chattering. She felt very lonely,
+and was quite sure she should begin to cry before long; the gypsies
+didn't seem to mind her at all, and she felt quite weak among them. But
+the springing tears were checked by new terror, when two men came up,
+whose approach had been the cause of the sudden excitement. The elder of
+the two carried a bag, which he flung down, addressing the women in a
+loud and scolding tone, which they answered by a shower of treble
+sauciness; while a black cur ran barking up to Maggie, and threw her
+into a tremor that only found a new cause in the curses with which the
+younger man called the dog off, and gave him a rap with a great stick he
+held in his hand.
+
+Maggie felt that it was impossible she should ever be queen of these
+people, or ever communicate to them amusing and useful knowledge.
+
+Both the men now seemed to be inquiring about Maggie, for they looked at
+her, and the tone of the conversation became of that pacific kind which
+implies curiosity on one side and the power of satisfying it on the
+other. At last the younger woman said in her previous deferential,
+coaxing tone,--
+
+"This nice little lady's come to live with us; aren't you glad?"
+
+"Ay, very glad," said the younger man, who was looking at Maggie's
+silver thimble and other small matters that had been taken from her
+pocket. He returned them all except the thimble to the younger woman,
+with some observation, and she immediately restored them to Maggie's
+pocket, while the men seated themselves, and began to attack the
+contents of the kettle,--a stew of meat and potatoes,--which had been
+taken off the fire and turned out into a yellow platter.
+
+Maggie began to think that Tom must be right about the gypsies; they
+must certainly be thieves, unless the man meant to return her thimble by
+and by. She would willingly have given it to him, for she was not at all
+attached to her thimble; but the idea that she was among thieves
+prevented her from feeling any comfort in the revival of deference and
+attention toward her; all thieves, except Robin Hood, were wicked
+people. The women saw she was frightened.
+
+"We've got nothing nice for a lady to eat," said the old woman, in her
+coaxing tone. "And she's so hungry, sweet little lady."
+
+"Here, my dear, try if you can eat a bit o' this," said the younger
+woman, handing some of the stew on a brown dish with an iron spoon to
+Maggie, who, remembering that the old woman had seemed angry with her
+for not liking the bread and bacon, dared not refuse the stew, though
+fear had chased away her appetite. If her father would but come by in
+the gig and take her up! Or even if Jack the Giantkiller, or Mr.
+Greatheart, or Saint George who slew the dragon on the half-pennies,
+would happen to pass that way! But Maggie thought with a sinking heart
+that these heroes were never seen in the neighborhood of Saint Ogg's;
+nothing very wonderful ever came there.
+
+Maggie Tulliver, you perceive, was by no means that well-trained,
+well-informed young person that a small female of eight or nine
+necessarily is in these days; she had only been to school a year at
+Saint Ogg's, and had so few books that she sometimes read the
+dictionary; so that in traveling over her small mind you would have
+found the most unexpected ignorance as well as unexpected knowledge. She
+could have informed you that there was such a word as "polygamy," and
+being also acquainted with "polysyllable," she had deduced the
+conclusion that "poly" meant "many"; but she had had no idea that
+gypsies were not well supplied with groceries, and her thoughts were the
+oddest mixture of clear-eyed acumen and blind dreams.
+
+Her ideas about the gypsies had undergone a rapid modification in the
+last five minutes. From having considered them very respectful
+companions, amenable to instruction, she had begun to think that they
+meant perhaps to kill her as soon as it was dark, and cut up her body
+for gradual cooking; the suspicion crossed her that the fierce-eyed old
+man was in fact the Devil, who might drop that transparent disguise at
+any moment, and turn either into a grinning blacksmith, or else a
+fiery-eyed monster with dragon's wings. It was no use trying to eat the
+stew, and yet the thing she most dreaded was to offend the gypsies, by
+betraying her extremely unfavorable opinion of them; and she wondered,
+with a keenness of interest that no theologian could have exceeded,
+whether, if the Devil were really present, he would know her thoughts.
+
+"What! you don't like the smell of it, my dear," said the young woman,
+observing that Maggie did not even take a spoonful of the stew. "Try a
+bit, come."
+
+"No, thank you," said Maggie, summoning all her force for a desperate
+effort, and trying to smile in a friendly way. "I haven't time, I think;
+it seems getting darker. I think I must go home now, and come again
+another day, and then I can bring you a basket with some jam-tarts and
+things."
+
+Maggie rose from her seat as she threw out this illusory prospect,
+devoutly hoping that Apollyon was gullible; but her hope sank when the
+old gypsy woman said, "Stop a bit, stop a bit, little lady; we'll take
+you home, all safe, when we've done supper; you shall ride home, like a
+lady."
+
+Maggie sat down again, with little faith in this promise, though she
+presently saw the tall girl putting a bridle on the donkey, and throwing
+a couple of bags on his back.
+
+"Now, then, little missis," said the younger man, rising, and leading
+the donkey forward, "tell us where you live; what's the name of the
+place?"
+
+"Dorlcote Mill is my home," said Maggie, eagerly. "My father is Mr.
+Tulliver; he lives there."
+
+"What! a big mill a little way this side o' Saint Ogg's?"
+
+"Yes," said Maggie. "Is it far off? I think I should like to walk there,
+if you please."
+
+"No, no, it'll be getting dark, we must make haste. And the donkey'll
+carry you as nice as can be; you'll see."
+
+He lifted Maggie as he spoke, and set her on the donkey. She felt
+relieved that it was not the old man who seemed to be going with her,
+but she had only a trembling hope that she was really going home.
+
+"Here's your pretty bonnet," said the younger woman, putting that
+recently despised but now welcome article of costume on Maggie's head;
+"and you'll say we've been very good to you, won't you? and what a nice
+little lady we said you was."
+
+"Oh yes, thank you," said Maggie, "I'm very much obliged to you. But I
+wish you'd go with me too." She thought anything was better than going
+with one of the dreadful men alone; it would be more cheerful to be
+murdered by a larger party.
+
+"Ah, you're fondest o' _me_, aren't you?" said the woman. "But I can't
+go; you'll go too fast for me."
+
+[Illustration: "AH, YOU'RE FONDEST O' ME, AREN'T YOU?"]
+
+It now appeared that the man also was to be seated on the donkey,
+holding Maggie before him, and she was as incapable of remonstrating
+against this arrangement as the donkey himself, though no nightmare had
+ever seemed to her more horrible. When the woman had patted her on the
+back and said "Good-bye," the donkey, at a strong hint from the man's
+stick, set off at a rapid walk along the lane toward the point Maggie
+had come from an hour ago, while the tall girl and the rough urchin,
+also furnished with sticks, obligingly escorted them for the first
+hundred yards, with much screaming and thwacking.
+
+Not Leonore, in that preternatural midnight excursion with her phantom
+lover, was more terrified than poor Maggie in this entirely natural ride
+on a short-paced donkey, with a gypsy behind her, who considered that he
+was earning half-a-crown. The red light of the setting sun seemed to
+have a portentous meaning, with which the alarming bray of the second
+donkey with the log on its foot must surely have some connection. Two
+low thatched cottages--the only houses they passed in this lane--seemed
+to add to its dreariness; they had no windows to speak of, and the doors
+were closed; it was probable that they were inhabited by witches, and it
+was a relief to find that the donkey did not stop there.
+
+At last--oh, sight of joy!--this lane, the longest in the world, was
+coming to an end, was opening on a broad highroad, where there was
+actually a coach passing! And there was a finger-post at the
+corner,--she had surely seen that finger-post before,--"To Saint Ogg's,
+2 miles." The gypsy really meant to take her home, then; he was probably
+a good man, after all, and might have been rather hurt at the thought
+that she didn't like coming with him alone. This idea became stronger as
+she felt more and more certain that she knew the road quite well, and
+she was considering how she might open a conversation with the injured
+gypsy, and not only gratify his feelings, but efface the impression of
+her cowardice, when, as they reached a crossroad, Maggie caught sight of
+some one coming on a white-faced horse.
+
+"Oh, stop, stop!" she cried out. "There's my father! Oh, father,
+father!"
+
+The sudden joy was almost painful, and before her father reached her,
+she was sobbing. Great was Mr. Tulliver's wonder, for he had made a
+round from Basset, and had not yet been home.
+
+"Why, what's the meaning o' this?" he said, checking his horse, while
+Maggie slipped from the donkey and ran to her father's stirrup.
+
+"The little miss lost herself, I reckon," said the gypsy. "She'd come to
+our tent at the far end o' Dunlow Lane, and I was bringing her where she
+said her home was. It's a good way to come after being on the tramp all
+day."
+
+"Oh yes, father, he's been very good to bring me home," said Maggie,--"a
+very kind, good man!"
+
+"Here, then, my man," said Mr. Tulliver, taking out five shillings.
+"It's the best day's work _you_ ever did. I couldn't afford to lose the
+little wench; here, lift her up before me."
+
+"Why, Maggie, how's this, how's this?" he said, as they rode along,
+while she laid her head against her father and sobbed. "How came you to
+be rambling about and lose yourself?"
+
+"Oh, father," sobbed Maggie, "I ran away because I was so unhappy; Tom
+was so angry with me. I couldn't bear it."
+
+"Pooh, pooh," said Mr. Tulliver, soothingly, "you mustn't think o'
+running away from father. What 'ud father do without his little wench?"
+
+"Oh, no, I never will again, father--never."
+
+Mr. Tulliver spoke his mind very strongly when he reached home that
+evening; and the effect was seen in the remarkable fact that Maggie
+never heard one reproach from her mother, or one taunt from Tom, about
+this foolish business of her running away to the gypsies. Maggie was
+rather awe-stricken by this unusual treatment, and sometimes thought
+that her conduct had been too wicked to be alluded to.
+
+
+     Of the three children who are presented to us in these chapters,
+     Tom, Maggie and little Lucy, which is the most attractive to you?
+
+     Do you think the author meant us to receive this impression?
+
+     Is Maggie proud? Is she impetuous? Is she highly sensitive? Find as
+     many passages as you can which prove your answers to these
+     questions. Do these qualities usually make a person attractive?
+
+     What is the mainspring of Maggie's character--the motive for most
+     of her actions? Does Tom seem to you worthy of the intense
+     affection she bestows upon him? Do you think a person with Maggie's
+     nature would be likely to live a happy or an unhappy life?
+
+     Few writers have ever been able to draw as distinct, lifelike a
+     picture of a child as we have of Maggie Tulliver in _The Mill on
+     the Floss_. This is to be in part accounted for by the fact that it
+     is herself as a child that George Eliot is describing.
+
+
+
+
+A GORILLA HUNT
+
+_By_ PAUL DU CHAILLU
+
+
+I had not been at the village long before news came that gorillas had
+been recently seen in the neighborhood of a plantation only half a mile
+distant. Early in the morning of the twenty-fifth of June, I wended my
+way thither, accompanied by one of my boys, named Odanga. The plantation
+was a large one, and situated on very broken ground, surrounded by the
+virgin forest. It was a lovely morning; the sky was almost cloudless,
+and all around was still as death, except the slight rustling of the
+tree tops moved by the gentle land breeze. When I reached the place, I
+had first to pick my way through the maze of tree stumps and half-burnt
+logs by the side of a field of cassada. I was going quietly along the
+borders of this, when I heard, in the grove of plantain trees towards
+which I was walking, a great crashing noise, like the breaking of trees.
+I immediately hid myself behind a bush, and was soon gratified with the
+sight of a female gorilla; but before I had time to notice its
+movements, a second and third emerged from the masses of colossal
+foliage; at length no less than four came into view.
+
+They were all busily engaged in tearing down the larger trees. One of
+the females had a young one following her. I had an excellent
+opportunity of watching the movements of the impish-looking band. The
+shaggy hides, the protuberant abdomens, the hideous features of these
+strange creatures, whose forms so nearly resemble man, made up a picture
+like a vision in some morbid dream. In destroying a tree, they first
+grasped the base of the stem with one of their feet, and then with their
+powerful arms pulled it down, a matter of not much difficulty with so
+loosely formed a stem as that of the plantain. They then set upon the
+juicy heart of the trees at the bases of the leaves, and devoured it
+with great voracity. While eating they made a kind of clucking noise,
+expressive of contentment. Many trees they destroyed apparently out of
+pure mischief. Now and then they stood still and looked around. Once or
+twice they seemed on the point of starting off in alarm, but recovered
+themselves and continued their work. Gradually they got nearer to the
+edge of the dark forest, and finally disappeared. I was so intent on
+watching them, that I let go the last chance of shooting one almost
+before I became aware of it.
+
+The next day I went again with Odanga to the same spot. I had no
+expectation of seeing gorillas in the same plantation, and was carrying
+a light shot gun, having given my heavy double-barreled rifle to the boy
+to carry. The plantation extended over two hills, with a deep hollow
+between, planted with sugar cane. Before I had crossed the hollow I saw
+on the opposite slope a monstrous gorilla, standing erect and looking
+directly towards me. Without turning my face I beckoned to the boy to
+bring me my rifle, but no rifle came,--the little coward had bolted, and
+I lost my chance. The huge beast stared at me for about two minutes, and
+then, without uttering any cry, moved off to the shade of the forest,
+running nimbly on his hands and feet.
+
+As my readers may easily imagine, I had excellent opportunity of
+observing, during these two days, the manner in which the gorillas
+walked when in open ground. They move along with great rapidity and on
+all fours, that is, with the knuckles of their hands touching the
+ground. Artists, in representing the gorilla walking, generally make the
+arms too much bowed outwards, and the elbows too much bent; this gives
+the figures an appearance of heaviness and awkwardness. When the
+gorillas that I watched left their plantain trees, they moved off at a
+great pace over the ground, with their arms extended straight forward
+towards the ground, and moving rapidly. I may mention also that having
+now opened the stomachs of several freshly killed gorillas, I have never
+found anything but vegetable matter in them.
+
+When I returned to Nkongon Mboumba I found there my old friend Akondogo,
+chief of one of the Commi villages, who had just returned from the Ngobi
+country, a little further south. To my great surprise and pleasure, he
+had brought for me a living gorilla, a young one, but the largest I had
+ever seen captured alive. Like Joe, the young male whose habits in
+confinement I described in 'Equatorial Africa,' this one showed the most
+violent and ungovernable disposition. He tried to bite every one who
+came near him, and was obliged to be secured by a forked stick closely
+applied to the back of his neck. This mode of imprisoning these animals
+is a very improper one if the object be to keep them alive and to tame
+them, but, unfortunately, in this barbarous country, we had not the
+materials requisite to build a strong cage. The injury caused to this
+one by the forked stick eventually caused his death. As I had some more
+hunting to do, I left the animal in charge of Akondogo until he should
+have an opportunity of sending it to me on the Fernand Vaz.
+
+The natives of all the neighboring country were now so well aware that I
+wanted live gorillas, and was willing to give a high price for them,
+that many were stimulated to search with great perseverance; the good
+effects of this were soon made evident.
+
+One day as I was quietly dining with Captain Holder, of the _Cambria_ (a
+vessel just arrived from England), one of my men came in with the
+startling news that three live gorillas had been brought, one of them
+full grown. I had not long to wait; in they came. First, a very large
+adult female, bound hand and foot; then her female child, screaming
+terribly; and lastly, a vigorous young male, also tightly bound. The
+female had been ingeniously secured by the negroes to a strong stick,
+the wrists bound to the upper part and the ankles to the lower, so that
+she could not reach to tear the cords with her teeth. It was dark, and
+the scene was one so wild and strange that I shall never forget it. The
+fiendish countenances of the Calibanish trio, one of them distorted by
+pain, for the mother gorilla was severely wounded, were lit up by the
+ruddy glare of native torches. The thought struck me, what would I not
+give to have the group in London for a few days!
+
+[Illustration: GORILLA WITH HER YOUNG]
+
+The young male I secured by a chain which I had in readiness, and gave
+him henceforth the name of Tom. We untied his hands and feet; to show
+his gratitude for this act of kindness he immediately made a rush at me,
+screaming with all his might; happily the chain was made fast, and I
+took care afterwards to keep out of his way. The old mother gorilla was
+in an unfortunate plight. She had an arm broken and a wound in the
+chest, besides being dreadfully beaten on the head. She groaned and
+roared many times during the night, probably from pain.
+
+I noticed next day, and on many occasions, that the vigorous young male
+whenever he made a rush at any one and missed his aim, immediately ran
+back. This corresponds with what is known of the habits of the large
+males in their native woods; when attacked they make a furious rush at
+their enemy, break an arm or tear his bowels open, and then beat a
+retreat, leaving their victim to shift for himself.
+
+The wounded female died in the course of the next day; her moanings were
+more frequent in the morning, and they gradually became weaker as her
+life ebbed out. Her death was like that of a human being, and afflicted
+me more than I could have thought possible. Her child clung to her to
+the last, and tried to obtain milk from her breast after she was dead. I
+photographed them both when the young one was resting in its dead
+mother's lap. I kept the young one alive for three days after its
+mother's death. It moaned at night most piteously. I fed it on goat's
+milk, for it was too young to eat berries. It died the fourth day,
+having taken an unconquerable dislike to the milk. It had, I think,
+begun to know me a little. As to the male, I made at least a dozen
+attempts to photograph the irascible little demon, but all in vain. The
+pointing of the camera towards him threw him into a perfect rage, and I
+was almost provoked to give him a sound thrashing. The day after,
+however, I succeeded with him, taking two views, not very perfect, but
+sufficient for my object.
+
+I must now relate how these three animals were caught, premising that
+the capture of the female was the first instance of an adult gorilla
+being taken alive. The place where they were found was on the left bank
+of the Fernand Vaz, about thirty miles above my village. At this part a
+narrow promontory projects into the river. It was the place where I had
+intended to take the distinguished traveler, Captain Burton, to show him
+a live gorilla, if he had paid me a visit, as I had expected, for I had
+written to invite him whilst he was on a tour from his consulate at
+Fernando Po to several points on the West African coast.
+
+A woman, belonging to a neighboring village, had told her people that
+she had seen two squads of female gorillas, some of them accompanied by
+their young ones, in her plantain field. The men resolved to go in chase
+of them, so they armed themselves with guns, axes, and spears, and
+sallied forth.
+
+The situation was very favorable for the hunters; they formed a line
+across the narrow strip of land and pressed forward, driving the animals
+to the edge of the water. When they came in sight of them, they made all
+the noise in their power, and thus bewildered the gorillas, who were
+shot or beaten down in their endeavors to escape. There were eight
+adult females altogether, but not a single male. The negroes thought the
+males were in concealment in the adjoining woods, having probably been
+frightened away by the noise.
+
+This incident led me to modify somewhat the opinions I had expressed, in
+'Adventures in Equatorial Africa,' regarding some of the habits of the
+gorilla. I there said I believed it impossible to capture an adult
+female alive, but I ought to have added, unless wounded. I have also
+satisfied myself that the gorilla is more gregarious than I formerly
+considered it to be; at least it is now clear that, at certain times of
+the year, it goes in bands more numerous than those I saw in my former
+journey. Then I never saw more than five together. I have myself seen,
+on my present expedition, two of these bands of gorillas, numbering
+eight or ten, and have had authentic accounts from the natives of other
+similar bands. It is true that, when gorillas become aged, they seem to
+be more solitary, and to live in pairs, or, as in the case of old males,
+quite alone. I have been assured by the negroes that solitary and aged
+gorillas are sometimes seen almost white; the hair becomes grizzled with
+age, and I have no doubt that the statement of their becoming
+occasionally white with extreme old age is quite correct.
+
+The gorilla is of migratory habits at some seasons of the year. He is
+then not found in the districts usually resorted to by him when the
+berries, fruits, and nuts are in season.
+
+Besides my other collections I embarked a live gorilla, our little
+friend Tom, and had full hopes that he would arrive safely and gratify
+the world of London with a sight of this rare and wonderful ape in the
+living state; unfortunately, he died on the passage. He did very well
+for a few weeks, I am told, as long as the supply of bananas lasted
+which I placed on board for his sustenance. The repugnance of the
+gorilla to cooked food, or any sort of food except the fruits and juicy
+plants he obtains in his own wilds, will always be a difficulty in the
+way of bringing him to Europe alive. I had sent him consigned to Messrs.
+Baring, who, I am sure, never had any such consignment before. I
+promised the Captain that he should receive one hundred pounds if he
+succeeded in taking the animal alive to London.
+
+During the few days Tom was in my possession he remained, like all the
+others of his species that I had seen, utterly untractable. The food
+that was offered to him he would come and snatch from the hand, and then
+bolt with it to the length of his tether. If I looked at him he would
+make a feint of darting at me, and in giving him water I had to push the
+bowl towards him with a stick, for fear of his biting me. When he was
+angry I saw him often beat the ground and his legs with his fists, thus
+showing a similar habit to that of the adult gorillas, which I described
+as beating their breasts with their fists when confronting an enemy.
+Before lying down to rest he used to pack his straw very carefully as a
+bed to lie on. Tom used to wake me in the night by screaming suddenly,
+and in the morning I more than once detected him in the attempt to
+strangle himself with his chain, no doubt through rage at being kept
+prisoner. He used to twist the chain round and round the post, to which
+it was attached until it became quite short and then pressed with his
+feet the lower part of the post until he had nearly done the business.
+
+As I have before related, I took photographs of Tom, and succeeded very
+well. These photographs I was unwilling to send home, and kept them
+until I should have completed my whole series of photographs of African
+subjects. They are now, unfortunately, lost forever; for they were left
+behind in the bush during my hurried retreat from Ashango-land, as will
+be related in the sequel.
+
+When the last boat which took on board the Captain and the live animals
+left the shore for the vessel, I trembled for the safety of the cargo,
+for the surf was very rough. The negroes, however, could have managed to
+get her safely through if they had not been too careful. They were
+nervous at having a white man on board, and did not seize the proper
+moment to pass the breakers; their hesitation was very near proving
+fatal, for a huge billow broke over them and filled the boat. It did
+not, happily, upset, but they had to return. Captain Berridge thus
+escaped with a wetting, and the Potamochoerus and eagles were half
+drowned. As to poor Tom, the bath, instead of cooling his courage, made
+him more violent than ever. He shouted furiously, and as soon as I
+opened the door of his cage he pounced on the bystanders, clinging to
+them and screaming. A present of a banana, which he ate voraciously,
+quieted him down, and the passage was again tried in the afternoon with
+a better result.
+
+
+
+
+THE CLOUD
+
+_By_ PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
+
+
+    I bring fresh showers for the thirsting flowers,
+      From the seas and the streams;
+    I bear light shade for the leaves when laid
+      In their noonday dreams.
+    From my wings are shaken the dews that waken
+      The sweet buds every one,
+    When rocked to rest on their mother's breast,
+      As she dances about the sun.
+    I wield the flail of the lashing hail,
+      And whiten the green plains under;
+    And then again I dissolve it in rain,
+      And laugh as I pass in thunder.
+
+    I sift the snow on the mountains below,
+      And their great pines groan aghast;
+    And all the night 'tis my pillow white,
+      While I sleep in the arms of the blast.
+    Sublime on the towers of my skyey bowers
+      Lightning, my pilot, sits,
+    In a cavern under is fettered the thunder;
+      It struggles and howls by fits.
+    Over earth and ocean, with gentle motion,
+      This pilot is guiding me,
+    Lured by the love of the genii that move
+      In the depths of the purple sea;
+    Over the rills and the crags and the hills,
+      Over the lakes and the plains,
+    Wherever he dream, under mountain or stream,
+      The spirit he loves remains;
+    And I all the while bask in heaven's blue smile,
+      Whilst he is dissolving in rains.
+
+    The sanguine sunrise, with his meteor eyes,
+      And his burning plumes outspread,
+    Leaps on the back of my sailing rack,
+      When the morning star shines dead.
+    As, on the jag of a mountain crag
+      Which an earthquake rocks and swings,
+    An eagle, alit, one moment may sit
+      In the light of its golden wings;
+    And when sunset may breathe, from the lit sea beneath,
+      Its ardors of rest and of love,
+    And the crimson pall of eve may fall
+      From the depth of heaven above,
+    With wings folded I rest on mine airy nest,
+      As still as a brooding dove.
+
+    That orbed maiden with white fire laden,
+      Whom mortals call the moon,
+    Glides glimmering o'er my fleece-like floor
+      By the midnight breezes strewn;
+    And wherever the beat of her unseen feet,
+      Which only the angels hear,
+    May have broken the woof of my tent's thin roof,
+      The stars peep behind her and peer;
+    And I laugh to see them whirl and flee,
+      Like a swarm of golden bees,
+    When I widen the rent in my wind-built tent,
+      Till the calm rivers, lakes, and seas,
+    Like strips of the sky fallen through me on high,
+      Are each paved with the moon and these.
+
+    I bind the sun's throne with a burning zone,
+      And the moon's with a girdle of pearl;
+    The volcanoes are dim, and the stars reel and swim,
+      When the whirlwinds my banner unfurl.
+    From cape to cape, with a bridge-like shape,
+      Over a torrent sea,
+    Sunbeam-proof, I hang like a roof,
+      The mountains its columns be.
+    The triumphal arch, through which I march,
+      With hurricane, fire, and snow,
+    When the powers of the air are chained to my chair,
+      Is the million-colored bow;
+    The sphere-fire above its soft colors wove,
+      While the moist earth was laughing below.
+
+    I am the daughter of earth and water,
+      And the nursling of the sky;
+    I pass through the pores of the ocean and shores;
+      I change, but I cannot die.
+    For after the rain, when, with never a stain,
+      The pavilion of heaven is bare,
+    And the winds and sunbeams, with their convex gleams,
+      Build up the blue dome of air,--
+    I silently laugh at my own cenotaph,
+      And out of the caverns of rain,
+    Like a child from the womb, like a ghost from the tomb,
+      I rise and upbuild it again.
+
+
+
+
+BRUTE NEIGHBORS
+
+_By_ HENRY DAVID THOREAU
+
+
+     NOTE.--The author of this sketch, Henry David Thoreau, who lived
+     from 1817 to 1862, was one of the oddest of American men of genius.
+     He was educated at Harvard University, but he did not care, in the
+     common phrase, to "turn his learning to practical account;" that
+     is, save for a short time when he taught school, he did not make it
+     earn his living for him. His theory was that life and energy were
+     being wasted when a man spent in working more time than he
+     absolutely needed to in order to provide himself with necessities;
+     and this theory he carried out in his own life. While he lived in
+     Concord, he did odd jobs at carpentering, surveying, and gardening,
+     and worked for a time at his father's trade of pencil making.
+     However, he contended that a man was doing himself an injustice if
+     he kept on at that work after he had reached the point where he
+     could make no further improvement in his pencils.
+
+     From 1845 to 1847 Thoreau lived as a hermit in a hut which he had
+     built on the shore of Walden Pond, and the simple life he led there
+     gave him plenty of leisure for the things he liked best--the study
+     of nature, the grappling with philosophical problems, and the
+     society of friends. The result of the two years at Walden Pond was
+     his best book, _Walden, or Life in the Woods_, a work which is
+     distinguished for its peculiarly truthful and sympathetic studies
+     of nature.
+
+     Thoreau refused to perform any of the ordinary duties of a citizen;
+     he never voted, he never paid taxes. Once he was arrested because
+     he refused to pay his taxes, and was thrown into jail; his friends
+     remonstrated with him, but still he refused to pay. However, when
+     his friends paid the sum he made no objections to accepting his
+     release, nor did he in the future make any objections when his
+     friends quietly paid his taxes.
+
+     _The Pond in Winter_ and _Winter Animals_, which are contained in
+     this volume, are also from Thoreau.
+
+
+Why do precisely these objects which we behold make a world? Why has man
+just these species of animals for his neighbors; as if nothing but a
+mouse could have filled this crevice? I suspect that Pilpay & Co. have
+put animals to their best use, for they are all beasts of burden, in a
+sense, made to carry some portion of our thoughts.
+
+The mice which haunted my house were not the common ones, which are said
+to have been introduced into the country, but a wild native kind not
+found in the village. I sent one to a distinguished naturalist, and it
+interested him much. When I was building, one of these had its nest
+underneath the house, and before I had laid the second floor, and swept
+out the shavings, would come out regularly at lunch time and pick up the
+crumbs at my feet. It probably had never seen a man before; and it soon
+became quite familiar, and would run over my shoes and up my clothes. It
+could readily ascend the sides of the room by short impulses, like a
+squirrel, which it resembled in its motions. At length, as I leaned with
+my elbow on the bench one day, it ran up my clothes, and along my
+sleeve, and round and round the paper which held my dinner, while I kept
+the latter close, and dodged and played at bo-peep with it; and when at
+last I held still a piece of cheese between my thumb and finger, it
+came and nibbled it, sitting in my hand, and afterward cleaned its face
+and paws, like a fly, and walked away.
+
+A phoebe soon built in my shed, and a robin for protection in a pine
+which grew against the house. In June the partridge (_Tetrao umbellus_),
+which is so shy a bird, led her brood past my windows, from the woods in
+the rear to the front of my house, clucking and calling to them like a
+hen, and in all her behavior proving herself the hen of the woods. The
+young suddenly disperse on your approach, at a signal from the mother,
+as if a whirlwind had swept them away, and they so exactly resemble the
+dried leaves and twigs that many a traveler has placed his foot in the
+midst of a brood, and heard the whir of the old bird as she flew off,
+and her anxious calls and mewing, or seen her trail her wings to attract
+his attention, without suspecting their neighborhood. The parent will
+sometimes roll and spin round before you in such a dishabille, that you
+cannot, for a few moments, detect what kind of creature it is. The young
+squat still and flat, often running their heads under a leaf, and mind
+only their mother's directions given from a distance, nor will your
+approach make them run again and betray themselves. You may even tread
+on them, or have your eyes on them for a minute, without discovering
+them. I have held them in my open hand at such a time, and still their
+only care, obedient to their mother and their instinct, was to squat
+there without fear or trembling. So perfect is this instinct, that once,
+when I had laid them on the leaves again, and one accidentally fell on
+its side, it was found with the rest in exactly the same position ten
+minutes afterward. They are not callow like the young of most birds, but
+more perfectly developed and precocious even than chickens. The
+remarkably adult yet innocent expression of their open and serene eyes
+is very memorable. All intelligence seems reflected in them. They
+suggest not merely the purity of infancy, but a wisdom clarified by
+experience. Such an eye was not born when the bird was, but is coeval
+with the sky it reflects. The woods do not yield another such gem. The
+traveler does not often look into such a limpid well. The ignorant or
+reckless sportsman often shoots the parent at such a time, and leaves
+these innocents to fall a prey to some prowling beast or bird, or
+gradually mingle with the decaying leaves which they so much resemble.
+It is said that when hatched by a hen they will directly disperse on
+some alarm, and are so lost, for they never hear the mother's call which
+gathers them again. These were my hens and chickens.
+
+It is remarkable how many creatures live wild and free though secret in
+the woods, and still sustain themselves in the neighborhood of towns,
+suspected by hunters only. How retired the otter manages to live there!
+He grows to be four feet long, as big as a small boy, perhaps without
+any human being getting a glimpse of him. I formerly saw the raccoon in
+the woods behind where my house is built, and probably still heard their
+whinnering at night. Commonly I rested an hour or two in the shade at
+noon, after planting, and ate my lunch, and read a little by a spring
+which was the source of a swamp and of a brook, oozing from under
+Brister's Hill, half a mile from my field. The approach to this was
+through a succession of descending grassy hollows, full of young pitch
+pines, into a larger wood about the swamp. There, in a very secluded and
+shaded spot, under a spreading white pine, there was yet a clean firm
+sward to sit on. I had dug out the spring and made a well of clear gray
+water, where I could dip up a pailful without roiling it, and thither I
+went for this purpose almost every day in midsummer, when the pond was
+warmest. Thither, too, the woodcock led her brood, to probe the mud for
+worms, flying but a foot above them down the bank, while they ran in a
+troop beneath; but at last, spying me, she would leave her young and
+circle round and round me, nearer and nearer till within four or five
+feet, pretending broken wings and legs, to attract my attention, and get
+off her young, who would already have taken up their march, with faint
+wiry peep, single file through the swamp, as she directed. Or I heard
+the peep of the young when I could not see the parent bird. There too
+the turtledoves sat over the spring, or fluttered from bough to bough of
+the soft white pines over my head; or the red squirrel, coursing down
+the nearest bough, was particularly familiar and inquisitive. You only
+need sit still long enough in some attractive spot in the woods that all
+its inhabitants may exhibit themselves to you by turns.
+
+[Illustration: BATTLE OF THE ANTS]
+
+I was witness to events of a less peaceful character. One day when I
+went out to my wood pile, or rather my pile of stumps, I observed two
+large ants, the one red, the other much larger, nearly half an inch
+long, and black, fiercely contending with one another. Having once got
+hold they never let go, but struggled and wrestled and rolled on the
+chips incessantly. Looking further, I was surprised to find that the
+chips were covered with such combatants, that it was not a _duellum_,
+but a _bellum_, a war between two races of ants, the red always pitted
+against the black, and frequently two red ones to one black. The legions
+of these Myrmidons covered all the hills and vales in my wood yard, and
+the ground was already strewn with the dead and dying, both red and
+black. It was the only battle which I have ever witnessed, the only
+battlefield I ever trod while the battle was raging; internecine war;
+the red republicans on the one hand, and the black imperialists on the
+other. On every side they were engaged in deadly combat, yet without any
+noise that I could hear, and human soldiers never fought so resolutely.
+I watched a couple that were fast locked in each other's embraces, in a
+little sunny valley amid the chips, now at noonday prepared to fight
+till the sun went down, or life went out. The smaller red champion had
+fastened himself like a vise to his adversary's front, and through all
+the tumblings on that field never for an instant ceased to gnaw at one
+of his feelers near the root, having already caused the other to go by
+the board; while the stronger black one dashed him from side to side,
+and, as I saw on looking nearer, had already divested him of several of
+his members. They fought with more pertinacity than bulldogs. Neither
+manifested the least disposition to retreat. It was evident that their
+battle-cry was "Conquer or die." In the meanwhile there came along a
+single red ant on the hillside of this valley, evidently full of
+excitement, who either had despatched his foe, or had not yet taken part
+in the battle; probably the latter, for he had lost none of his limbs;
+whose mother had charged him to return with his shield or upon it. Or
+perchance he was some Achilles, who had nourished his wrath apart, and
+had now come to avenge or rescue his Patroclus. He saw this unequal
+combat from afar--for the blacks were nearly twice the size of the
+red--he drew near with rapid pace till he stood on his guard within half
+an inch of the combatants; then, watching his opportunity, he sprang
+upon the black warrior, and commenced his operations near the root of
+his right fore-leg, leaving the foe to select among his own members; and
+so there were three united for life, as if a new kind of attraction had
+been invented which put all other locks and cements to shame. I should
+not have wondered by this time to find that they had their respective
+musical bands stationed on some eminent chip, and playing their national
+airs the while, to excite the slow and cheer the dying combatants. I was
+myself excited somewhat even as if they had been men. The more you think
+of it, the less the difference. And certainly there is not the fight
+recorded in Concord history, at least, if in the history of America,
+that will bear a moment's comparison with this, whether for the numbers
+engaged in it, or for the patriotism and heroism displayed. For numbers
+and for carnage it was an Austerlitz or Dresden. Concord Fight! Two
+killed on the patriots' side, and Luther Blanchard wounded! Why, here
+every ant was a Butterick--"Fire! for God's sake, fire!"--and thousands
+shared the fate of Davis and Hosmer. There was not one hireling there. I
+have no doubt that it was a principle they fought for, as much as our
+ancestors, and not to avoid a three-penny tax on their tea; and the
+results of this battle will be as important and memorable to those whom
+it concerns as those of the battle of Bunker Hill, at least.
+
+I took up the chip on which the three I have particularly described were
+struggling, carried it into my house, and placed it under a tumbler on
+my window sill, in order to see the issue. Holding a microscope to the
+first-mentioned red ant, I saw that, though he was assiduously gnawing
+at the near fore-leg of his enemy, having severed his remaining feeler,
+his own breast was all torn away, exposing what vitals he had there to
+the jaws of the black warrior, whose breastplate was apparently too
+thick for him to pierce; and the dark carbuncles of the sufferer's eyes
+shone with ferocity such as war only could excite. They struggled half
+an hour longer under the tumbler, and when I looked again the black
+soldier had severed the heads of his foes from their bodies, and still
+living heads were hanging on either side of him like ghastly trophies
+at his saddle-bow, still apparently as firmly fastened as ever, and he
+was endeavoring with feeble struggles, being without feelers and with
+only the remnant of a leg, and I know not how many other wounds, to
+divest himself of them; which at length, after half an hour more, he
+accomplished. I raised the glass, and he went off over the window sill
+in that crippled state. Whether he finally survived that combat, and
+spent the remainder of his days in some Hotel des Invalides, I do not
+know; but I thought that his industry would not be worth much
+thereafter. I never learned which party was victorious, nor the cause of
+the war; but I felt for the rest of that day as if I had had my feelings
+excited and harrowed by witnessing the struggle, the ferocity and
+carnage, of a human battle before my door.
+
+Kirby and Spence tell us that the battles of ants have long been
+celebrated and the date of them recorded, though they say that Huber is
+the only modern author who appears to have witnessed them. "AEneas
+Sylvius," say they, "after giving a very circumstantial account of one
+contested with great obstinacy by a great and small species on the trunk
+of a pear tree," adds that "'This action was fought in the pontificate
+of Eugenius the Fourth, in the presence of Nicholas Pistoriensis, an
+eminent lawyer, who related the whole history of the battle with the
+greatest fidelity.' A similar engagement between great and small ants is
+recorded by Olaus Magnus, in which the small ones, being victorious, are
+said to have buried the bodies of their own soldiers, and left those of
+their giant enemies a prey to the birds. This event happened previous to
+the expulsion of the tyrant Christiern the Second from Sweden." The
+battle which I witnessed took place in the Presidency of Polk, five
+years before the passage of Webster's Fugitive-Slave Bill.
+
+Many a village Bose, fit only to course a mud-turtle in a victualling
+cellar, sported his heavy quarters in the woods, without the knowledge
+of his master, and ineffectually smelled at old fox burrows and
+woodchucks' holes; led perchance by some slight cur which nimbly
+threaded the wood, and might still inspire a natural terror in its
+denizens; now far behind his guide, barking like a canine bull toward
+some small squirrel which had treed itself for scrutiny, then, cantering
+off, bending the bushes with his weight, imagining that he is on the
+track of some stray member of the jerbilla family. Once I was surprised
+to see a cat walking along the stony shore of the pond, for they rarely
+wander so far from home. The surprise was mutual. Nevertheless the most
+domestic cat, which has lain on a rug all her days, appears quite at
+home in the woods, and, by her sly and stealthy behavior, proves herself
+more native there than the regular inhabitants. Once, when berrying, I
+met with a cat with young kittens in the woods, quite wild, and they
+all, like their mother, had their backs up and were fiercely spitting at
+me. A few years before I lived in the woods there was what was called a
+"winged cat" in one of the farmhouses in Lincoln nearest the pond, Mr.
+Gilian Baker's. When I called to see her in June, 1842, she was gone
+a-hunting in the woods, as was her wont (I am not sure whether it was a
+male or female, and so use the more common pronoun), but her mistress
+told me that she came into the neighborhood a little more than a year
+before, in April, and was finally taken into their house; that she was
+of a dark brownish gray color, with a white spot on her throat, and
+white feet, and had a large bushy tail like a fox; that in the winter
+the fur grew thick and flatted out along her sides, forming strips ten
+or twelve inches long by two and a half wide, and under her chin like a
+muff, the upper side loose, the under matted like felt, and in the
+spring these appendages dropped off. They gave me a pair of her "wings,"
+which I keep still. There is no appearance of a membrane about them.
+Some thought it was part flying-squirrel or some other wild animal,
+which is not impossible, for, according to naturalists, prolific hybrids
+have been produced by the union of the marten and domestic cat. This
+would have been the right kind of cat for me to keep, if I had kept any;
+for why should not a poet's cat be winged as well as his horse?
+
+In the fall the loon (_Colymbus glacialis_) came, as usual, to moult and
+bathe in the pond, making the woods ring with his wild laughter before I
+had risen. At rumor of his arrival all the Milldam sportsmen are on the
+alert, in gigs and on foot, two by two and three by three, with patent
+rifles and conical balls and spyglasses. They come rustling through the
+woods like autumn leaves, at least ten men to one loon. Some station
+themselves on this side of the pond, some on that, for the poor bird
+cannot be omnipresent; if he dive here he must come up there. But now
+the kind October wind rises, rustling the leaves and rippling the
+surface of the water, so that no loon can be heard or seen, though his
+foes sweep the pond with spyglasses, and make the woods resound with
+their discharges. The waves generally rise and dash angrily, taking
+sides with all waterfowl, and our sportsmen must beat a retreat to town
+and shop and unfinished jobs. But they were too often successful. When I
+went to get a pail of water early in the morning I frequently saw this
+stately bird sailing out of my cove within a few rods. If I endeavored
+to overtake him in a boat, in order to see how he would manoeuvre, he
+would dive and be completely lost, so that I did not discover him again
+sometimes till the latter part of the day. But I was more than a match
+for him on the surface. He commonly went off in a rain.
+
+As I was paddling along the north shore one very calm October afternoon,
+for such days especially they settle on to the lakes, like the milkweed
+down, having looked in vain over the pond for a loon, suddenly one,
+sailing out from the shore toward the middle a few rods in front of me,
+set up his wild laugh and betrayed himself. I pursued with a paddle and
+he dived, but when he came up I was nearer than before. He dived again,
+but I miscalculated the direction he would take, and we were fifty rods
+apart when he came to the surface this time, for I had helped to widen
+the interval; and again he laughed long and loud, and with more reason
+than before.
+
+[Illustration: WATCHING FOR THE LOON]
+
+He manoeuvred so cunningly that I could not get within half a dozen
+rods of him. Each time, when he came to the surface, turning his head
+this way and that, he coolly surveyed the water and the land, and
+apparently chose his course so that he might come up where there was the
+widest expanse of water, and at the greatest distance from the boat. It
+was surprising how quickly he made up his mind and put his resolve into
+execution. He led me at once to the widest part of the pond, and could
+not be driven from it. While he was thinking one thing in his brain, I
+was endeavoring to divine his thought in mine. It was a pretty game,
+played on the smooth surface of the pond, a man against a loon. Suddenly
+your adversary's checker disappears beneath the board, and the problem
+is to place yours nearest to where his will appear again. Sometimes he
+would come up unexpectedly on the opposite side of me, having apparently
+passed directly under the boat. So long-winded was he and so
+unweariable, that when he had swum furthest he would immediately plunge
+again, nevertheless; and then no wit could divine where in the deep
+pond, beneath the smooth surface, he might be speeding his way like a
+fish, for he had time and ability to visit the bottom of the pond in its
+deepest part.
+
+It is said that loons have been caught in the New York lakes eighty feet
+beneath the surface, with hooks set for trout--though Walden is deeper
+than that. How surprised must the fishes be to see this ungainly visitor
+from another sphere speeding his way amid their schools! Yet he appeared
+to know his course as surely under water as on the surface, and swam
+much faster there. Once or twice I saw a ripple where he approached the
+surface, just put his head out to reconnoitre, and instantly dived
+again. I found that it was as well for me to rest on my oars and wait
+his reappearing as to endeavor to calculate where he would rise; for
+again and again, when I was straining my eyes over the surface one way,
+I would suddenly be startled by his unearthly laugh behind me. But why,
+after displaying so much cunning, did he invariably betray himself the
+moment he came up by that loud laugh? Did not his white breast enough
+betray him? He was indeed a silly loon, I thought. I could commonly
+hear the splash of the water when he came up, and so also detected him.
+But after an hour he seemed as fresh as ever, dived as willingly and
+swam yet further than at first. It was surprising to see how serenely he
+sailed off with unruffled breast when he came to the surface, doing all
+the work with his webbed feet beneath. His usual note was this demoniac
+laughter, yet somewhat like that of a waterfowl; but occasionally, when
+he had balked me most successfully and come up a long way off, he
+uttered a long-drawn unearthly howl, probably more like that of a wolf
+than any bird; as when a beast puts his muzzle to the ground and
+deliberately howls. This was his looming--perhaps the wildest sound that
+is ever heard here, making the woods ring far and wide. I concluded that
+he laughed in derision of my efforts, confident of his own resources.
+Though the sky was by this time overcast, the pond was so smooth that I
+could see where he broke the surface when I did not hear him. His white
+breast, the stillness of the air, and the smoothness of the water were
+all against him. At length, having come up fifty rods off, he uttered
+one of those prolonged howls, as if calling on the god of loons to aid
+him, and immediately there came a wind from the east and rippled the
+surface, and filled the whole air with misty rain, and I was impressed
+as if it were the prayer of the loon answered, and his god was angry
+with me; and so I left him disappearing far away on the tumultuous
+surface.
+
+
+
+
+ODE TO A SKYLARK
+
+_By_ PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
+
+
+     NOTE.--There are a few places in the United States where the
+     skylark has been naturalized, but most of us have never heard it
+     sing. In Europe, however, and especially in Great Britain, it is
+     very common; and despite the fact that it is dull of plumage, there
+     are few birds which are more universally loved. For the song which
+     it pours forth as it soars upward in spiral curves and floats in
+     the air is wonderfully sweet and cheerful. Strangely enough, this
+     bird, which seems to like best to sing when far, far above the
+     earth, does not refuse to sing when confined in a cage.
+
+
+          Hail to thee, blithe spirit!--
+            Bird thou never wert--
+          That from heaven, or near it,
+            Pourest thy full heart
+    In profuse strains of unpremeditated art.
+
+          Higher still and higher
+            From the earth thou springest
+          Like a cloud of fire;
+            The blue deep thou wingest,
+    And singing still dost soar, and soaring ever singest.
+
+          In the golden lightning
+            Of the sunken sun,
+          O'er which clouds are brightening,
+            Thou dost float and run;
+    Like an unbodied joy whose race is just begun.
+
+[Illustration: THE SKYLARK]
+
+          The pale purple even
+            Melts around thy flight;
+          Like a star of heaven
+            In the broad day-light,
+    Thou art unseen, but yet I hear thy shrill delight.
+
+          Keen as are the arrows
+            Of that silver sphere
+          Whose intense lamp narrows
+            In the white dawn clear,
+    Until we hardly see, we feel that it is there.
+
+          All the earth and air
+            With thy voice is loud,
+          As, when night is bare,
+            From one lonely cloud
+    The moon rains out her beams, and heaven is overflowed.
+
+          What thou art we know not;
+            What is most like thee?
+          From rainbow clouds there flow not
+            Drops so bright to see.
+    As from thy presence showers a rain of melody.
+
+          Like a poet hidden
+            In the light of thought,
+          Singing hymns unbidden,
+            Till the world is wrought
+    To sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not;
+
+          Like a high-born maiden
+            In a palace tower,
+          Soothing her love-laden
+            Soul in secret hour
+    With music sweet as love, which overflows her bower:
+
+          Like a glowworm golden
+            In a dell of dew,
+          Scattering unbeholden
+            Its aerial hue
+    Among the flowers and grass, which screen it from the view:
+
+          Like a rose embowered
+            In its own green leaves,
+          By warm winds deflowered,
+            Till the scent it gives
+    Makes faint with too much sweet these heavy-winged thieves.
+
+          Sound of vernal showers
+            On the twinkling grass,
+          Rain-awakened flowers,
+            All that ever was
+    Joyous, and clear, and fresh, thy music doth surpass.
+
+          Teach us, sprite or bird,
+            What sweet thoughts are thine:
+          I have never heard
+            Praise of love or wine
+    That panted forth a flood of rapture so divine.
+
+          Chorus Hymenaeal,
+            Or triumphal chaunt,
+          Matched with thine would be all
+            But an empty vaunt,
+    A thing wherein we feel there is some hidden want.
+
+          What objects are the fountains
+            Of thy happy strain?
+          What fields, or waves, or mountains?
+            What shapes of sky or plain?
+    What love of thine own kind? what ignorance of pain?
+
+          With thy clear, keen joyance
+            Languor cannot be:
+          Shadow of annoyance
+            Never came near thee:
+    Thou lovest; but ne'er knew love's sad satiety.
+
+          Waking or asleep,
+            Thou of death must deem
+          Things more true and deep
+            Than we mortals dream,
+    Or how could thy notes flow in such a crystal stream!
+
+          We look before and after,
+            And pine for what is not;
+          Our sincerest laughter
+            With some pain is fraught;
+    Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.
+
+          Yet if we could scorn
+            Hate, and pride, and fear;
+          If we were things born
+            Not to shed a tear,
+    I know not how thy joy we ever should come near.
+
+          Better than all measures
+            Of delightful sound,
+          Better than all treasures
+            That in books are found,
+    Thy skill to poet were, thou scorner of the ground!
+
+          Teach me half the gladness
+            That thy brain must know,
+          Such harmonious madness
+            From my lips would flow,
+    The world should listen then, as I am listening now!
+
+
+
+
+THE POND IN WINTER
+
+_By_ HENRY DAVID THOREAU
+
+
+After a still winter night I awoke with the impression that some
+question had been put to me, which I had been endeavoring in vain to
+answer in my sleep, as what--how--when--where? But there was dawning
+Nature, in whom all creatures live, looking in at my broad windows with
+serene and satisfied face, and no question on _her_ lips. I awoke to an
+answered question, to Nature and daylight. The snow lying deep on the
+earth dotted with young pines, and the very slope of the hill on which
+my house is placed, seemed to say, Forward! Nature puts no question and
+answers none which we mortals ask. She has long ago taken her
+resolution. "O Prince, our eyes contemplate with admiration and transmit
+to the soul the wonderful and varied spectacle of this universe. The
+night veils without doubt a part of this glorious creation; but day
+comes to reveal to us this great work, which extends from earth even
+into the plains of the ether."
+
+[Illustration: KNEELING TO DRINK]
+
+Then to my morning work. First I take an axe and pail and go in search
+of water if that be not a dream. After a cold and snowy night it needed
+a divining rod to find it. Every winter the liquid and trembling surface
+of the pond, which was so sensitive to every breath, and reflected every
+light and shadow, becomes solid to the depth of a foot or a foot and a
+half, so that it will support the heaviest teams, and perchance the snow
+covers it to an equal depth, and it is not to be distinguished from any
+level field. Like the marmots in the surrounding hills, it closes its
+eyelids and becomes dormant for three months or more. Standing on the
+snow-covered plain, as if in a pasture amid the hills, I cut my way
+first through a foot of snow, and then a foot of ice, and open a window
+under my feet, where, kneeling to drink, I look down into the quiet
+parlor of the fishes, pervaded by a softened light as through a window
+of ground glass, with its bright sanded floor the same as in summer;
+there a perennial waveless serenity reigns as in the amber twilight sky,
+corresponding to the cool and even temperament of the inhabitants.
+Heaven is under our feet as well as over our heads.
+
+Early in the morning, while all things are crisp with frost, men come
+with fishing reels and slender lunch, and let down their fine lines
+through the snowy field to take pickerel and perch; wild men, who
+instinctively follow other fashions and trust other authorities than
+their townsmen, and by their goings and comings stitch towns together in
+parts where else they would be ripped. They sit and eat their luncheon
+in stout fearnaughts on the dry oak leaves on the shore, as wise in
+natural lore as the citizen is in artificial. They never consulted with
+books, and know and can tell much less than they have done. The things
+which they practice are said not yet to be known. Here is one fishing
+for pickerel with grown perch for bait. You look into his pail with
+wonder as into a summer pond, as if he kept summer locked up at home, or
+knew where she had retreated. How, pray, did he get these in mid-winter?
+Oh, he got worms out of rotten logs since the ground froze, and so he
+caught them. His life itself passes deeper in Nature than the studies of
+naturalist penetrate; himself a subject for the naturalist. The latter
+raises the moss and bark gently with his knife in search of insects;
+the former lays open logs to their core with his axe, and moss and bark
+fly far and wide. He gets his living by barking trees. Such a man has
+some right to fish, and I love to see Nature carried out in him. The
+perch swallows the grubworm, the pickerel swallows the perch, and the
+fisherman swallows the pickerel; and so all the chinks in the scale of
+being are filled.
+
+When I strolled around the pond in misty weather I was sometimes amused
+by the primitive mode which some ruder fisherman had adopted. He would
+perhaps have placed alder branches over the narrow holes in the ice,
+which were four or five rods apart and an equal distance from the shore,
+and having fastened the end of the line to a stick to prevent its being
+pulled through, have passed the slack line over a twig of the alder, a
+foot or more above the ice, and tied a dry oak leaf to it, which, being
+pulled down, would show when he had a bite. These alders loomed through
+the mist at regular intervals as you walked halfway round the pond.
+
+Ah, the pickerel of Walden! when I see them lying on the ice, or in the
+well which the fisherman cuts in the ice, making a little hole to admit
+the water, I am always surprised by their rare beauty, as if they were
+fabulous fishes, they are so foreign to the streets, even to the woods,
+foreign as Arabia to our Concord life. They possess a quite dazzling and
+transcendent beauty which separates them by a wide interval from the
+cadaverous cod and haddock whose fame is trumpeted in our streets. They
+are not green like the pines, nor any gray like the stones, nor blue
+like the sky; but they have, to my eyes, if possible, yet rarer colors,
+like flowers and precious stones, as if they were the pearls, the
+animalized _nuclei_ or crystals of the Walden water. They, of course,
+are Walden all over and all through; are themselves small Waldens in the
+animal kingdom, Waldenses. It is surprising that they are caught
+here--that in this deep and capacious spring, far beneath the rattling
+teams and chaises and tinkling sleighs that travel the Walden road, this
+great gold and emerald fish swims. I never chanced to see its kind in
+any market; it would be the cynosure of all eyes there. Easily, with a
+few conclusive quirks, they give up their watery ghosts, like a mortal
+translated before his time to the thin air of heaven.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+SALMON FISHING
+
+_By_ RUDYARD KIPLING
+
+
+California and I, crying for salmon, reached Portland, and the
+real-estate man to whom I had been intrusted by "Portland" the insurance
+man, met us in the street saying that fifteen miles away, across
+country, we should come upon a place called Clackamas where we might
+perchance find what we desired. And California, his coat-tails flying in
+the wind, ran to a livery stable and chartered a wagon and team
+forthwith. I could push the wagon about with one hand, so light was its
+structure. The team was purely American--that is to say, almost human in
+its intelligence and docility. Some one said that the roads were not
+good on the way to Clackamas and warned us against smashing the springs.
+"Portland," who had watched the preparations, finally reckoned "he'd
+come along, too," and under heavenly skies we three companions of a day
+set forth; California carefully lashing our rods into the carriage, and
+the bystanders overwhelming us with directions as to the sawmills we
+were to pass, the ferries we were to cross, and the signposts we were to
+seek signs from. Half a mile from this city of fifty thousand souls we
+struck (and this must be taken literally), a plank road that would have
+been a disgrace to an Irish village.
+
+Then six miles of macadamized road showed us that the team could move. A
+railway ran between us and the banks of the Willamette, and another
+above us through the mountains. All the land was dotted with small
+townships, and the roads were full of farmers in their town wagons,
+bunches of tow-haired, boggle-eyed urchins sitting in the hay behind.
+The men generally looked like loafers, but their women were all well
+dressed. Brown hussar braiding on a tailor-made jacket does not,
+however, consort with hay wagons. Then we struck into the woods along
+what California called a "_camina reale_,"--a good road,--and Portland a
+"fair track." It wound in and out among fire-blackened stumps, under
+pine trees, along the corners of log-fences, through hollows which must
+be hopeless marsh in winter, and up absurd gradients. But nowhere
+throughout its length did I see any evidence of road-making. There was a
+track,--you couldn't well get off it,--and it was all you could do to
+stay on it. The dust lay a foot thick in the blind ruts, and under the
+dust we found bits of planking and bundles of brushwood that sent the
+wagon bounding into the air. Sometimes we crashed through bracken; anon
+where the blackberries grew rankest we found a lonely little cemetery,
+the wooden rails all awry, and the pitiful stumpy headstones nodding
+drunkenly at the soft green mulleins. Then with oaths and the sound of
+rent underwood a yoke of mighty bulls would swing down a "skid" road,
+hauling a forty-foot log along a ready made slide.
+
+[Illustration: SALMON FISHING]
+
+A valley full of wheat and cherry trees succeeded, and halting at a
+house we bought ten pound weight of luscious black cherries for
+something less than a rupee and got a drink of icy-cold water for
+nothing, while the untended team browsed sagaciously by the roadside.
+Once we found a wayside camp of horse dealers lounging by a pool, ready
+for a sale or a swap, and once two sun-tanned youngsters shot down a
+hill on Indian ponies, their full creels banging from their
+high-pommeled saddles. They had been fishing, and were our brethren
+therefore. We shouted aloud in chorus to scare a wild cat; we squabbled
+over the reasons that had led a snake to cross a road; we heaved bits of
+bark at a venturesome chipmunk, who was really the little gray squirrel
+of India and had come to call on me; we lost our way and got the wagon
+so beautifully fixed on a steep road that we had to tie the two
+hind-wheels to get it down. Above all, California told tales of Nevada
+and Arizona, of lonely nights spent out prospecting, of the slaughter of
+deer and the chase of men; of woman, lovely woman, who is a firebrand in
+a western city, and leads to the popping of pistols, and of the sudden
+changes and chances of fortune, who delights in making the miner or the
+lumberman a quadruplicate millionaire, and in "busting" the railroad
+king. That was a day to be remembered, and it had only begun when we
+drew rein at a tiny farmhouse on the banks of the Clackamas and sought
+horse-feed and lodging ere we hastened to the river that broke over a
+weir not over a quarter of a mile away.
+
+Imagine a stream seventy yards broad divided by a pebbly island, running
+over seductive riffles and swirling into deep, quiet pools where the
+good salmon goes to smoke his pipe after meals. Set such a stream amid
+fields of breast-high crops surrounded by hills of pine, throw in where
+you please quiet water, log-fenced meadows, and a hundred foot bluff to
+keep the scenery from growing too monotonous, and you will get some
+faint notion of the Clackamas.
+
+Portland had no rod. He held the gaff and the whiskey. California
+sniffed, upstream and downstream across the racing water, chose his
+ground, and let the gaudy spoon drop in the tail of a riffle. I was
+getting my rod together when I heard the joyous shriek of the reel and
+the yells of California, and three feet of shining silver leaped into
+the air far across the water. The forces were engaged. The salmon tore
+up-stream, the tense line cutting the water like a tide-rip behind him,
+and the light bamboo bowed to breaking. What happened after I cannot
+tell. California swore and prayed, and Portland shouted advice, and I
+did all three for what appeared to be half a day, but was in reality a
+little over a quarter of an hour, and sullenly our fish came home with
+spurts of temper, dashes head-on, and sarabands in the air; but home to
+the bank came he, and the remorseless reel gathered up the thread of his
+life inch by inch. We landed him in a little bay, and the spring weight
+checked him at eleven and a half pounds. Eleven and a half pounds of
+fighting salmon! We danced a war dance on the pebbles, and California
+caught me around the waist in a hug that went near to breaking my ribs,
+while he shouted: "Partner! Partner! This is glory! Now you catch your
+fish! Twenty-four years I've waited for this!"
+
+I went into that icy-cold river and made my cast just above a weir, and
+all but foul-hooked a blue and black water-snake with a coral mouth who
+coiled herself on a stone and hissed maledictions. The next cast--ah,
+the pride of it, the regal splendor of it! the thrill that ran down from
+finger-tip to toe! The water boiled. He broke for the fly and got it!
+There remained enough sense in me to give him all he wanted when he
+jumped not once but twenty times before the upstream flight that ran my
+line out to the last half-dozen turns, and I saw the nickeled reelbar
+glitter under the thinning green coils. My thumb was burned deep when I
+strove to stopper the line, but I did not feel it till later, for my
+soul was out in the dancing water praying for him to turn ere he took my
+tackle away. The prayer was heard. As I bowed back, the butt of the rod
+on my left hip-bone and the top joint dipping like unto a weeping
+willow, he turned, and I accepted each inch of slack that I could by any
+means get in as a favor from on high. There be several sorts of success
+in this world that taste well in the moment of enjoyment, but I question
+whether the stealthy theft of line from an able-bodied salmon who knows
+exactly what you are doing and why you are doing it is not sweeter than
+any other victory within human scope. Like California's fish, he ran at
+me head-on and leaped against the line, but the Lord gave me two hundred
+and fifty pairs of fingers in that hour. The banks and the pine trees
+danced dizzily around me, but I only reeled as for life--reeled for
+hours, and at the end of the reeling continued to give him the butt
+while he sulked in a pool. California was farther up the reach, and with
+the corner of my eye I could see him casting with long casts and much
+skill. Then he struck, and my fish broke for the weir at the same
+instant, and down the reach went California and I, reel answering reel,
+even as the morning stars sung together.
+
+The first wild enthusiasm of capture had died away. We were both at work
+now in deadly earnest to prevent the lines fouling, to stall off a
+downstream rush for deep water just above the weir, and at the same time
+to get the fish into the shallow bay downstream that gave the best
+practicable landing. Portland bade us both be of good heart, and
+volunteered to take the rod from my hands. I would rather have died
+among the pebbles than surrender the right to play and land my first
+salmon, weight unknown, on an eight-ounce rod. I heard California, at my
+ear it seemed, gasping: "He's a fighter from Fightersville, sure!" as
+his fish made a fresh break across the stream. I saw Portland fall off a
+log fence, break the overhanging bank, and clatter down to the pebbles
+all sand and landing net, and I dropped on a log to rest for a moment.
+
+As I drew breath the weary hands slackened their hold, and I forgot to
+give him the butt. A wild scutter in the water, a plunge and a break for
+the head-waters of the Clackamas was my reward, and the hot toil of
+reeling-in with one eye under the water and the other on the top joint
+of the rod, was renewed. Worst of all, I was blocking California's path
+to the little landing bay aforesaid, and he had to halt and tire his
+prize where he was. "The father of all salmon!" he shouted. "For the
+love of heaven, get your _trout_ to bank, Johnny Bull." But I could do
+no more. Even the insult failed to move me. The rest of the game was
+with the salmon. He suffered himself to be drawn, skipping with
+pretended delight at getting to the haven where I fain would have him.
+Yet no sooner did he feel shoal water under his ponderous belly than he
+backed like a torpedo boat, and the snarl of the reel told me that my
+labor was in vain. A dozen times at least this happened ere the line
+hinted that he had given up the battle and would be towed in. He was
+towed. The landing net was useless for one of his size, and I would not
+have him gaffed. I stepped into the shallows and heaved him out with a
+respectful hand under the gill, for which kindness he battered me about
+the legs with his tail, and I felt the strength of him and was proud.
+California had taken my place in the shallows, his fish hard held. I was
+up on the bank lying full length on the sweet-scented grass, gasping in
+company with my first salmon caught, played, and landed on an
+eight-ounce rod. My hands were cut and bleeding. I was dripping with
+sweat, spangled like harlequin with scales, wet from the waist down,
+nose peeled by the sun, but utterly, supremely, and consummately happy.
+He, the beauty, the daisy, the darling, my Salmon Bahadur, weighed
+twelve pounds, and I had been seven and thirty minutes bringing him to
+bank! He had been lightly hooked on the angle of the right jaw, and the
+hook had not wearied him. That hour I sat among princes and crowned
+heads--greater than them all. Below the bank we heard California
+scuffling with his salmon, and swearing Spanish oaths. Portland and I
+assisted at the capture, and the fish dragged the spring-balance out by
+the roots. It was only constructed to weigh up to fifteen pounds. We
+stretched the three fish on the grass,--the eleven-and-a-half, the
+twelve, and the fifteen-pounder, and we swore an oath that all who came
+after should merely be weighed and put back again.
+
+How shall I tell the glories of that day so that you may be interested?
+Again and again did California and I prance down that little reach to
+the little bay, each with a salmon in tow, and land him in the shallows.
+Then Portland took my rod, and caught some ten-pounders, and my spoon
+was carried away by an unknown leviathan. Each fish, for the merits of
+the three that had died so gamely, was hastily hooked on the balance and
+flung back, Portland recording the weight in a pocketbook, for he was a
+real-estate man. Each fish fought for all he was worth, and none more
+savagely than the smallest--a game little six-pounder. At the end of six
+hours we added up the list. Total: 16 fish, aggregate weight, 142 lbs.
+The score in detail runs something like this--it is only interesting to
+those concerned: 15, 11-1/2, 12, 10, 9-3/4, 8, and so forth; as I have
+said, nothing under six pounds, and three ten-pounders.
+
+Very solemnly and thankfully we put up our rods--it was glory enough for
+all time--and returned weeping in each other's arms--weeping tears of
+pure joy--to that simple, barelegged family in the packing-case house by
+the waterside.
+
+
+
+
+WINTER ANIMALS
+
+_By_ HENRY DAVID THOREAU
+
+
+When the ponds were firmly frozen, they afforded not only new and
+shorter routes to many points, but new views from their surfaces of the
+familiar landscape around them. When I crossed Flint's Pond, after it
+was covered with snow, though I had often paddled about and skated over
+it, it was so unexpectedly wide and so strange that I could think of
+nothing but Baffin's Bay. The Lincoln hills rose up around me at the
+extremity of a snowy plain, in which I did not remember to have stood
+before; and the fishermen, at an indeterminable distance over the ice,
+moving slowly about with their wolfish dogs, passed for sealers or
+Esquimaux, or in misty weather loomed like fabulous creatures, and I did
+not know whether they were giants or pygmies. I took this course when I
+went to lecture in Lincoln in the evening, traveling in no road and
+passing no house between my hut and the lecture room. In Goose Pond,
+which lay in my way, a colony of muskrats dwelt, and raised their cabins
+high above the ice, though none could be seen abroad when I crossed it.
+Walden, being like the rest usually bare of snow, or with only shallow
+and interrupted drifts on it, was my yard, where I could walk freely
+when the snow was nearly two feet deep on a level elsewhere and the
+villagers were confined to their streets. There, far from the village
+street, and, except at very long intervals, from the jingle of sleigh
+bells, I slid and skated, as in a vast moose-yard well trodden, overhung
+by oak woods and solemn pines bent down with snow or bristling with
+icicles.
+
+For sounds in winter nights, and often in winter days, I heard the
+forlorn but melodious note of a hooting owl indefinitely far; such a
+sound as the frozen earth would yield if struck with a suitable
+plectrum, the very _lingua vernacula_ of Walden Wood, and quite familiar
+to me at last, though I never saw the bird while it was making it. I
+seldom opened my door in a winter evening without hearing; _Hoo hoo hoo,
+hoorer hoo_, sounded sonorously, and the first three syllables accented
+somewhat like _how der do_; or sometimes _hoo hoo_ only. One night in
+the beginning of winter, before the pond froze over, about nine o'clock,
+I was startled by the loud honking of a goose, and, stepping to the
+door, heard the sound of their wings like a tempest in the woods as they
+flew low over my house. They passed over the pond toward Fair Haven,
+seemingly deterred from settling by my light, their commodore honking
+all the while with a regular beat. Suddenly an unmistakable cat-owl from
+very near me, with the most harsh and tremendous voice I ever heard from
+any inhabitant of the woods, responded at regular intervals to the
+goose, as if determined to expose and disgrace this intruder from
+Hudson's Bay by exhibiting a greater compass and volume of voice in a
+native, and _boo-hoo_ him out of Concord horizon. "What do you mean by
+alarming the citadel at this time of night consecrated to me? Do you
+think I am ever caught napping at such an hour, and that I have not got
+lungs and a larynx as well as yourself? _Boo-hoo, boo-hoo, boo-hoo!_" It
+was one of the most thrilling discords I ever heard. And yet, if you had
+a discriminating ear, there were in it the elements of a concord such as
+these plains never saw nor heard.
+
+I also heard the whooping of the ice in the pond, my great bedfellow in
+that part of Concord, as if it were restless in its bed and would fain
+turn over, were troubled with flatulency and bad dreams; or I was waked
+by the cracking of the ground by the frost, as if some one had driven a
+team against my door, and in the morning would find a crack in the earth
+a quarter of a mile long and a third of an inch wide.
+
+Sometimes I heard the foxes as they ranged over the snow crust, in
+moonlight nights, in search of a partridge or other game, barking
+raggedly and demoniacally like forest dogs, as if laboring with some
+anxiety, or seeking expression, struggling for light and to be dogs
+outright and run freely in the streets; for if we take the ages into our
+account, may there not be a civilization going on among brutes as well
+as men? They seemed to me to be rudimental, burrowing men, still
+standing on their defence, awaiting their transformation. Sometimes one
+came near to my window, attracted by my light, barked a vulpine curse at
+me, and then retreated.
+
+[Illustration: THE RED SQUIRREL]
+
+Usually the red squirrel (_Sciurus Hudsonius_) waked me in the dawn,
+coursing over the roof and up and down the sides of the house, as if
+sent out of the woods for this purpose. In the course of the winter I
+threw out half a bushel of ears of sweet corn, which had not got ripe,
+on to the snow crust by my door, and was amused by watching the motions
+of the various animals which were baited by it. In the twilight and the
+night the rabbits came regularly and made a hearty meal. All day long
+the red squirrels came and went, and afforded me much entertainment by
+their manoeuvres. One would approach at first warily through the
+shrub-oaks, running over the snow crust by fits and starts like a leaf
+blown by the wind, now a few paces this way, with wonderful speed and
+waste of energy, making inconceivable haste with his "trotters," as if
+it were for a wager, and now as many paces that way, but never getting
+on more than half a rod at a time; and then suddenly pausing with a
+ludicrous expression and a gratuitous somerset, as if all the eyes in
+the universe were fixed on him--for all the motions of a squirrel, even
+in the most solitary recesses of the forest, imply spectators as much as
+those of a dancing girl--wasting more time in delay and circumspection
+than would have sufficed to walk the whole distance--I never saw one
+walk--and then suddenly, before you could say Jack Robinson, he would be
+in the top of a young pitch-pine, winding up his clock and chiding all
+imaginary spectators, soliloquizing and talking to all the universe at
+the same time--for no reason that I could ever detect, or he himself was
+aware of, I suspect.
+
+At length he would reach the corn, and selecting a suitable ear, brisk
+about in the same uncertain trigonometrical way to the topmost stick of
+my wood-pile, before my window, where he looked me in the face, and
+there sit for hours, supplying himself with a new ear from time to time,
+nibbling at first voraciously and throwing the half-naked cobs about;
+till at length he grew more dainty still and played with his food,
+tasting only the inside of the kernel, and the ear, which was held
+balanced over the stick by one paw, slipped from his careless grasp and
+fell to the ground, when he would look over at it with a ludicrous
+expression of uncertainty, as if suspecting that it had life, with a
+mind not made up whether to get it again, or a new one, or be off; now
+thinking of corn, then listening to hear what was in the wind. So the
+little impudent fellow would waste many an ear in a forenoon; till at
+last, seizing some longer and plumper one, considerably bigger than
+himself, and skilfully balancing it, he would set out with it to the
+woods, like a tiger with a buffalo, by the same zigzag course and
+frequent pauses, scratching along with it as if it were too heavy for
+him and falling all the while, making its fall a diagonal between a
+perpendicular and horizontal, being determined to put it through at any
+rate--a singularly frivolous and whimsical fellow--and so he would get
+off with it to where he lived, perhaps carry it to the top of a pine
+tree forty or fifty rods distant, and I would afterward find the cobs
+strewed about the woods in various directions.
+
+At length the jays arrived, whose discordant screams were heard long
+before, as they were warily making their approach an eighth of a mile
+off; and in a stealthy and sneaking manner they flit from tree to tree,
+nearer and nearer, and pick up the kernels which the squirrels have
+dropped. Then, sitting on a pitch-pine bough, they attempt to swallow in
+their haste a kernel which is too big for their throats and chokes them;
+and after great labor they disgorge it, and spend an hour in the
+endeavor to crack it by repeated blows with their bills. They were
+manifestly thieves, and I had not much respect for them; but the
+squirrels, though at first shy, went to work as if they were taking what
+was their own.
+
+Meanwhile also came the chickadees in flocks, which, picking up the
+crumbs the squirrels had dropped, flew to the nearest twig, and, placing
+them under their claws, hammered away at them with their little bills,
+as if it were an insect in the bark, till they were sufficiently reduced
+for their slender throats. A little flock of these titmice came daily
+to pick a dinner out of my wood pile, or the crumbs at my door, with
+faint flitting lisping notes, like the tinkling of icicles in the grass,
+or else with sprightly _day day day_, or more rarely, in spring-like
+days, a wiry summery _phe-be_ from the wood-side. They were so familiar
+that at length one alighted on an armful of wood which I was carrying
+in, and pecked at the sticks without fear. I once had a sparrow alight
+upon my shoulder for a moment while I was hoeing in a village garden,
+and I felt that I was more distinguished by that circumstance than I
+should have been by any epaulet I could have worn. The squirrels also
+grew at last to be quite familiar and occasionally stepped upon my shoe,
+when that was the nearest way.
+
+When the ground was not yet quite covered, and again near the end of
+winter, when the snow was melted on my south hillside and about my
+wood-pile, the partridges came out of the woods morning and evening to
+feed there. Whichever side you walk in the woods the partridge bursts
+away on whirring wings, jarring the snow from the dry leaves and twigs
+on high, which comes sifting down in the sunbeams like golden dust; for
+this brave bird is not to be scared by winter. It is frequently covered
+up by drifts, and, it is said, "sometimes plunges from on wing into the
+soft snow, where it remains concealed for a day or two." I used to start
+them in the open land also, where they had come out of the woods at
+sunset to "bud" the wild apple trees. They will come regularly every
+evening to particular trees, where the cunning sportsman lies in wait
+for them, and the distant orchards next the woods suffer thus not a
+little. I am glad that the partridge gets fed at any rate. It is
+Nature's own bird which lives on buds and diet-drink.
+
+In dark winter mornings, or in short winter afternoons, I sometimes
+heard a pack of hounds threading all the woods with hounding cry and
+yelp, unable to resist the instinct of the chase, and the note of the
+hunting horn at intervals, proving that man was in the rear. The woods
+ring again, and yet no fox bursts forth on to the open level of the
+pond, nor following pack pursuing their Actaeon. And perhaps at evening I
+see the hunters returning with a single brush trailing from their sleigh
+for a trophy, seeking their inn. They tell me that if the fox would
+remain in the bosom of the frozen earth he would be safe, or if he would
+run in a straight line away no foxhound could overtake him; but, having
+left his pursuers far behind, he stops to rest and listen till they come
+up, and when he runs he circles round to his old haunts, where the
+hunters await him. Sometimes, however, he will run upon a wall many
+rods, and then leap off far to one side, and he appears to know that
+water will not retain his scent. A hunter told me that he once saw a fox
+pursued by hounds burst out on to Walden when the ice was covered with
+shallow puddles, run part way across, and then return to the same shore.
+Ere long the hounds arrived, but here they lost the scent. Sometimes a
+pack hunting by themselves would pass my door, and circle round my
+house, and yelp and hound without regarding me, as if afflicted by a
+species of madness, so that nothing could divert them from the pursuit.
+Thus they circle until they fall upon the recent trail of a fox, for a
+wise hound will forsake everything else for this. One day a man came to
+my hut from Lexington to inquire after his hound that made a large
+track, and had been hunting for a week by himself. But I fear that he
+was not the wiser for all I told him, for every time I attempted to
+answer his questions he interrupted me by asking, "What do you do here?"
+He had lost a dog, but found a man.
+
+One old hunter who has a dry tongue, who used to come to bathe in Walden
+once every year when the water was warmest, and at such times looked in
+upon me, told me that many years ago he took his gun one afternoon and
+went out for a cruise in Walden Wood, and as he walked the Wayland road
+he heard the cry of hounds approaching, and ere long a fox leaped the
+wall into the road, and as quick as thought leaped the other wall out of
+the road, and his swift bullet had not touched him. Some way behind came
+an old hound and her three pups in full pursuit, hunting on their own
+account, and disappeared again in the woods. Later in the afternoon, as
+he was resting in the thick woods south of Walden, he heard the voice of
+the hounds far over toward Fair Haven still pursuing the fox; and on
+they came, their hounding cry which made all the woods ring sounding
+nearer and nearer, now from Well Meadow, now from the Baker Farm. For a
+long time he stood still and listened to their music, so sweet to a
+hunter's ear, when suddenly the fox appeared, threading the solemn
+aisles with an easy coursing pace, whose sound was concealed by a
+sympathetic rustle of the leaves, swift and still, keeping the ground,
+leaving his pursuers far behind; and, leaping upon a rock amid the
+woods, he sat erect and listening, with his back to the hunter. For a
+moment compassion restrained the latter's arm; but that was a
+short-lived mood, and as quick as thought can follow thought his piece
+was levelled, and _whang!_--the fox rolling over the rock lay dead on
+the ground. The hunter still kept his place and listened to the hounds.
+Still on they came, and now the near woods resounded through all their
+aisles with their demoniac cry. At length the old hound burst into view
+with muzzle to the ground, and snapping the air as if possessed, and ran
+directly to the rock; but spying the dead fox she suddenly ceased her
+hounding, as if struck dumb with amazement, and walked round and round
+him in silence; and one by one her pups arrived, and, like their mother,
+were sobered into silence by the mystery. Then the hunter came forward
+and stood in their midst, and the mystery was solved. They waited in
+silence while he skinned the fox, then followed the brush awhile, and at
+length turned off into the woods again. That evening a Weston Squire
+came to the Concord hunter's cottage to inquire for his hounds, and told
+how for a week they had been hunting on their own account from Weston
+woods. The Concord hunter told him what he knew and offered him the
+skin; but the other declined it and departed. He did not find his hounds
+that night, but the next day learned that they had crossed the river and
+put up at a farm-house for the night, whence, having been well fed, they
+took their departure early in the morning.
+
+The hunter who told me this could remember one Sam Nutting, who used to
+hunt bears on Fair-Haven Ledges, and exchange their skins for rum in
+Concord village; who told him, even, that he had seen a moose there.
+Nutting had a famous foxhound named Burgoyne,--he pronounced it
+Bugine,--which my informant used to borrow. In the "Wast Book" of an old
+trader of this town, who was also a captain, townclerk, and
+representative, I find the following entry: Jan. 18th, 1742-3, "John
+Melven Cr. by 1 Grey Fox 0--2--3;" they are not found here; and in his
+ledger, Feb. 7th, 1743, Hezekiah Stratton has credit "by 1/2 a Catt skin
+0--1--4-1/2;" of course a wild cat, for Stratton was a sergeant in the
+old French war, and would not have got credit for hunting less noble
+game. Credit is given for deerskins also, and they were daily sold. One
+man still preserves the horns of the last deer that was killed in this
+vicinity, and another has told me the particulars of the hunt in which
+his uncle was engaged. The hunters were formerly a numerous and merry
+crew here. I remember well one gaunt Nimrod who would catch up a leaf by
+the road-side and play a strain on it wilder and more melodious, if my
+memory serves me, than any hunting horn.
+
+At midnight, when there was a moon, I sometimes met with hounds in my
+path prowling about the woods, which would skulk out of my way as if
+afraid, and stand silent amid the bushes till I had passed.
+
+Squirrels and wild mice disputed for my store of nuts. There were scores
+of pitch-pines around my house, from one to four inches in diameter,
+which had been gnawed by mice the previous winter,--a Norwegian winter
+for them, for the snow lay long and deep, and they were obliged to mix
+a large proportion of pine bark with their other diet. These trees were
+alive and apparently flourishing at midsummer, and many of them had
+grown a foot, though completely girdled; but after another winter such
+were without exception dead. It is remarkable that a single mouse should
+thus be allowed a whole pine tree for its dinner, gnawing round instead
+of up and down it; but perhaps it is necessary in order to thin these
+trees, which are wont to grow up densely.
+
+The hares (_Lepus Americanus_) were very familiar. One had her form
+under my house all winter, separated from me only by the flooring, and
+she startled me each morning by her hasty departure when I began to
+stir--thump, thump, thump, striking her head against the floor timbers
+in her hurry. They used to come round my door at dusk to nibble the
+potato parings which I had thrown out, and were so nearly the color of
+the ground that they could hardly be distinguished when still. Sometimes
+in the twilight I alternately lost and recovered sight of one sitting
+motionless under my window. When I opened my door in the evening, off
+they would go with a squeak and a bounce. Near at hand they only excited
+my pity. One evening one sat by my door two paces from me, at first
+trembling with fear, yet unwilling to move; a poor wee thing, lean and
+bony, with ragged ears and sharp nose, scant tail and slender paws. It
+looked as if Nature no longer contained the breed of nobler bloods, but
+stood on her last toes. Its large eyes appeared young and unhealthy,
+almost dropsical. I took a step, and lo, away it scudded with an
+elastic spring over the snow crust, straightening its body and its limbs
+into graceful length, and soon put the forest between me and itself--the
+wild free venison, asserting its vigor and the dignity of Nature. Not
+without reason was its slenderness. Such then was its nature (_Lepus,
+levipes_, lightfoot, some think).
+
+What is a country without rabbits and partridges? They are among the
+most simple and indigenous animal products; ancient and venerable
+families known to antiquity as to modern times; of the very hue and
+substance of Nature, nearest allied to leaves and to the ground--and to
+one another; it is either winged or it is legged. It is hardly as if you
+had seen a wild creature when a rabbit or a partridge bursts away, only
+a natural one, as much to be expected as rustling leaves. The partridge
+and the rabbit are still sure to thrive, like true natives of the soil,
+whatever revolutions occur. If the forest is cut off, the sprouts and
+bushes which spring up afford them concealment, and they become more
+numerous than ever. That must be a poor country indeed that does not
+support a hare. Our woods teem with them both, and around every swamp
+may be seen the partridge or rabbit walk, beset with twiggy fences and
+horse-hair snares, which some cow-boy tends.
+
+
+
+
+TREES AND ANTS THAT HELP EACH OTHER[306-1]
+
+_By_ THOMAS BELT
+
+
+One low tree, very characteristic of the dry savannahs, is a species of
+acacia, belonging to the section _Gummiferoe_, with bi-pinnate leaves,
+growing to a height of fifteen or twenty feet. The branches and trunk
+are covered with strong curved spines, set in pairs, from which it
+receives the name of the bull's-horn, they having a very strong
+resemblance to the horns of that quadruped. These horns are hollow, and
+are tenanted by ants, that make a small hole for their entrance and exit
+near one end of the thorn, and also burrow through the partition that
+separates the two horns; so that the one entrance serves for both. Here
+they rear their young, and in the wet season every one of the thorns is
+tenanted, and hundreds of ants are to be seen running about, especially
+over the young leaves. If one of these be touched, or a branch shaken,
+the little ants swarm out from the hollow thorns, and attack the
+aggressor with jaws and sting. They sting severely, raising a little
+white lump that does not disappear in less than twenty-four hours.
+
+These ants form a most efficient standing army for the plant, which
+prevents not only the mammalia from browsing on the leaves, but delivers
+it from the attacks of a much more dangerous enemy--the leaf-cutting
+ants. For these services the ants are not only securely housed by the
+plant, but are provided with a bountiful supply of food; and to secure
+their attendance at the right time and place, this food is so arranged
+and distributed as to effect that object with wonderful perfection. The
+leaves are bi-pinnate. At the base of each pair of leaflets, on the
+midrib, is a crater-formed gland, which, when the leaves are young,
+secretes a honey-like liquid. Of this the ants are very fond; they are
+constantly running about from one gland to another to sip up the honey
+as it is secreted. But this is not all; there is a still more wonderful
+provision of more solid food. At the end of each of the small divisions
+of the compound leaflet there is, when the leaf first unfolds, a little
+yellow fruit-like body united by a point at its base to the end of the
+pinnule. Examined through a microscope, this little appendage looks like
+a golden pear. When the leaf first unfolds, the little pears are not
+quite ripe, and the ants are continually employed going from one to
+another, examining them. When an ant finds one sufficiently advanced, it
+bites the small point of attachment; then, bending down the fruit-like
+body, it breaks it off and bears it away in triumph to the nest. All the
+fruit-like bodies do not ripen at once, but successively, so that the
+ants are kept about the young leaf for some time after it unfolds. Thus
+the young leaves are always guarded by the ants; and no caterpillar or
+large animal could attempt to injure them without being attacked by the
+little warriors. The fruit-like bodies are about one-twelfth of an inch
+long, and are about one-third of the size of the ants; so that the ant
+bearing one away is as heavily laden as a man bearing a large bunch of
+plantains. I think these facts show that the ants are really kept by the
+acacia as a standing army, to protect its leaves from the attacks of
+herbivorous mammals and insects.
+
+The bull's-horn thorn does not grow at the mines in the forest, nor are
+the small ants attending on them found there. They seem specially
+adapted for the tree, and I have seen them nowhere else. Besides the
+little ants, I found another ant that lives on these acacias, whose
+habits appear to be rather different. It makes the holes of entrance to
+the thorns near the centre of one of each pair, and not near the end,
+and it is not so active as the other species. It is also rather scarce;
+but when it does occur, it occupies the whole tree, to the exclusion of
+the other. The glands on the acacia are also frequented by a small
+species of wasp. I sowed the seeds of the acacia in my garden, and
+reared some young plants. Ants of many kinds were numerous; but none of
+them took to the thorns for shelter, nor the glands and fruit-like
+bodies for food; for, as I have already mentioned, the species that
+attend on the thorns are not found in the forest. The leaf-cutting ants
+attacked the young plants, and defoliated them; but I have never seen
+any of the trees out on the savannahs that are guarded touched by them,
+and have no doubt the acacia is protected from them by its little
+warriors. The thorns, when they are first developed, are soft, and
+filled with a sweetish, pulpy substance; so that the ant, when it makes
+an entrance into them, finds its new house full of food. It hollows this
+out, leaving only the hardened shell of the thorn. Strange to say, this
+treatment seems to favor the development of the thorn, as it increases
+in size, bulging out toward the base; whilst in my plants that were not
+touched by the ants, the thorns turned yellow and dried up into dead but
+persistent prickles. I am not sure, however, that this may not have been
+due to the habitat of the plant not suiting it.
+
+These ants seem to lead the happiest of existences. Protected by their
+stings, they fear no foe. Habitations full of food are provided for them
+to commence housekeeping with; and cups of nectar and luscious fruits
+await them every day. But there is a reverse to the picture. In the dry
+season on the plains, the acacias cease to grow. No young leaves are
+produced, and the old glands do not secrete honey. Then want and hunger
+overtake the ants that have reveled in luxury all the wet season; many
+of the thorns are depopulated, and only a few ants live through the
+season of scarcity. As soon, however, as the first rains set in, the
+trees throw out numerous vigorous shoots, and the ants multiply again
+with astonishing rapidity.
+
+Both in Brazil and in Nicaragua I paid much attention to the relation
+between the presence of honey-secreting glands on plants, and the
+protection the latter secured by the attendance of ants attracted by the
+honey. I found many plants so protected; the glands being specially
+developed on the young leaves, and on the sepals of the flowers. Besides
+the bull's-horn acacias, I, however, only met with two other genera of
+plants that furnished the ants with houses, namely, the trumpet tree
+and some of the evergreen shrubs; but I have no doubt that there are
+many others. The stem of the Cecropia, or trumpet tree, is hollow, and
+divided into cells by partitions that extend across the interior of the
+hollow trunk. The ants gain access by making a hole from the outside,
+and then burrow through the partitions, thus getting the run of the
+whole stem. They do not obtain their food directly from the tree, but
+keep brown scale insects in the cells, which suck the juices from the
+tree, and secrete a honey-like fluid that exudes from a pore on the
+back, and is lapped up by the ants. In one cell eggs will be found, in
+another grubs, and in a third pupae, all lying loosely. In another cell,
+by itself, a queen ant will be found, surrounded by walls made of a
+brown waxy-looking substance, along with about a dozen scale insects to
+supply her with food. I suppose the eggs are removed as soon as laid,
+for I never found any along with the queen ant. If the tree be shaken,
+the ants rush out in myriads, and search about for the molester. This
+case is not like the last one, where the tree has provided food and
+shelter for the ants, but rather one where the ant has taken possession
+of the tree, and brought with it the scale insects; but I believe that
+its presence must be beneficial. I have cut into some dozens of the
+trumpet trees, and never could find one that was not tenanted by ants. I
+noticed three different species, all, as far as I know, confined to the
+trumpet tree, and all farming scale insects. As in the bull's-horn
+thorn, there is never more than one species of ant on the same tree.
+
+In some species of evergreen shrub there is a direct provision of houses
+for the ants. In each leaf, at the base of the laminae, the petiole, or
+stalk, is furnished with a couple of pouches, divided from each other by
+the midrib. Into each of these pouches there is an entrance from the
+lower side of the leaf. I noticed them first in Northern Brazil, in the
+province of Maranham; and afterwards at Para. Every pouch was occupied
+by a nest of small black ants; and if the leaf was shaken ever so
+little, they would rush out and scour all over it in search of the
+aggressor. I must have tested some hundreds of leaves, and never shook
+one without the ants coming out, excepting one sickly-looking plant at
+Para. In many of the pouches I noticed the eggs and young ants, and in
+some I saw a few dark-colored scale insects or plant lice; but my
+attention had not been at that time directed to the latter as supplying
+the ants with food, and I did not examine a sufficient number of pouches
+to determine whether they were constant occupants of the nests or not;
+but my experience since with the trumpet trees would lead me to expect
+that they were. If so, we have an instance of two insects and a plant
+living together, and all benefited by the companionship. The leaves of
+the plant are guarded by the ants; the ants are provided with houses by
+the plant, and food by the scale insects and plant lice; and the latter
+are effectually protected by the ants in their common habitation.
+
+Amongst the numerous plants that do not provide houses, but attract ants
+to their leaves and flower buds by means of glands secreting a
+honey-like liquid, are many orchids, and I think all the species of
+passion flowers. I had the common red passion flower growing over the
+front on my verandah, where it was continually under my notice. It had
+honey-secreting glands on its young leaves and on the sepals of the
+flower buds. For two years I noticed that the glands were constantly
+attended by a small ant, and, night and day, every young leaf and every
+flower bud had a few on them. They did not sting, but attacked and bit
+my finger when I touched the plant. I have no doubt that the primary
+object of these honey-glands was to attract the ants, and keep them
+about the most tender and vulnerable parts of the plant, to prevent them
+being injured; and I further believe that one of the principal enemies
+that they serve to guard against in tropical America is the leaf-cutting
+ant, as I have noticed that the latter are very much afraid of the small
+black ants.
+
+On the third year after I had noticed the attendance of the ants on my
+passion flower, I found that the glands were not so well looked after as
+before, and soon discovered that a number of scale insects had
+established themselves on the stems, and that the ants had in a great
+measure transferred their attentions to them. An ant would stand over a
+scale insect and stroke it alternately on each side with its antennas,
+whereupon every now and then a clear drop of honey would exude from a
+pore on the back of the scale insect and be imbibed by the ant. Here it
+was clear that the scale insect was competing successfully with the
+leaves and sepals for the attendance and protection of the ants, and was
+successful either through the fluid it furnished being more attractive
+or more abundant. I have, from these facts, been led to the conclusion
+that the use of honey-secreting glands in plants is to attract insects
+that will protect the flower buds and leaves from being injured by
+herbivorous insects and mammals; but I do not mean to infer that this is
+the use of all glands, for many of the small appendicular bodies, called
+"glands" by botanists, do not secrete honey. The common dog-rose of
+England is furnished with glands on the stipules, and in other species
+they are more numerous, until in the wild rose of the northern counties
+the leaves are thickly edged, and the fruit and sepals covered with
+stalked glands. I have only observed the wild roses in the north of
+England, but there I have never seen insects attending the glands. These
+glands, however, do not secrete honey; but a dark, resinous, sticky
+liquid, that probably is useful by being distasteful to both insects and
+mammals.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[306-1] From _The Naturalist in Nicaragua_.
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE FAMILY OF MICHAEL AROUT[314-1]
+
+_From the French of_ EMILE SOUVESTRE
+
+
+_September 15th, Eight O'clock._--This morning, while I was arranging my
+books, Mother Genevieve came in and brought me the basket of fruit I buy
+of her every Sunday. For nearly twenty years that I have lived in this
+quarter I have dealt in her little fruit shop. Perhaps I should be
+better served elsewhere, but Mother Genevieve has but little custom; to
+leave her would do her harm and cause her unnecessary pain. It seems to
+me that the length of our acquaintance has made me incur a sort of tacit
+obligation to her; my patronage has become her property.
+
+She has put the basket upon my table, and as I wanted her husband, who
+is a joiner, to add some shelves to my bookcase, she has gone downstairs
+again immediately to send him to me.
+
+At first I did not notice either her looks or the sound of her voice;
+but, now that I recall them, it seems to me that she was not as jovial
+as usual. Can Mother Genevieve be in trouble about anything?
+
+Poor woman! All her best years were subject to such bitter trials that
+she might think she had received her full share already. Were I to live
+a hundred years I should never forget the circumstances which first
+made her known to me and which obtained her my respect.
+
+It was at the time of my first settling in the faubourg. I had noticed
+her empty fruit shop, which nobody came into, and being attracted by its
+forsaken appearance I made my little purchases in it. I have always
+instinctively preferred the poor shops; there is less choice in them,
+but it seems to me that my purchase is a sign of sympathy with a brother
+in poverty. These little dealings are almost always an anchor of hope to
+those whose very existence is in peril--the only means by which some
+orphan gains a livelihood. There the aim of the tradesman is not to
+enrich himself, but to live! The purchase you make of him is more than
+an exchange--it is a good action.
+
+Mother Genevieve at that time was still young, but had already lost that
+fresh bloom of youth which suffering causes to wither so soon among the
+poor. Her husband, a clever joiner, gradually left off working to
+become, according to the picturesque expression of the workshops, "a
+worshipper of Saint Monday." The wages of the week, which was always
+reduced to two or three working days, were completely dedicated by him
+to the worship of this god of the Barriers,[315-2] and Genevieve was
+obliged herself to provide for all the wants of the household.
+
+One evening, when I went to make some trifling purchases of her, I heard
+a sound of quarreling in the back shop. There were the voices of several
+women, among which I distinguished that of Genevieve, broken by sobs. On
+looking further in, I perceived the fruit-woman with a child in her
+arms, and kissing it, while a country nurse seemed to be claiming her
+wages from her. The poor woman, who without doubt had exhausted every
+explanation and every excuse, was crying in silence, and one of her
+neighbors was trying in vain to appease the countrywoman. Excited by
+that love of money which the evils of a hard peasant life but too well
+excuse, and disappointed by the refusal of her expected wages, the nurse
+was launching forth in recriminations, threats, and abuse. In spite of
+myself, I listened to the quarrel, not daring to interfere, and not
+thinking of going away, when Michael Arout appeared at the shop door.
+
+The joiner had just come from the Barrier, where he had passed part of
+the day at the public-house. His blouse, without a belt, and untied at
+the throat, showed none of the noble stains of work; in his hand he held
+his cap, which he had just picked up out of the mud; his hair was in
+disorder, his eye fixed, and the pallor of drunkenness in his face. He
+came reeling in, looked wildly around him, and called Genevieve.
+
+She heard his voice, gave a start, and rushed into the shop; but at the
+sight of the miserable man, who was trying in vain to steady himself,
+she pressed the child in her arms and bent over it with tears.
+
+The countrywoman and the neighbor had followed her.
+
+"Come! come! do you intend to pay me, after all?" cried the former in a
+rage.
+
+"Ask the master for the money," ironically answered the woman from the
+next door, pointing to the joiner, who had just fallen against the
+counter.
+
+The countrywoman looked at him.
+
+"Ah! he is the father," returned she. "Well, what idle beggars! not to
+have a penny to pay honest people, and get tipsy with wine in that way."
+
+The drunkard raised his head.
+
+"What! what!" stammered he; "who is it that talks of wine? I've had
+nothing but brandy! But I am going back again to get some wine! Wife,
+give me your money; there are some friends waiting for me at the wine
+shop."
+
+Genevieve did not answer; he went round the counter, opened the till,
+and began to rummage in it.
+
+"You see where the money of the house goes!" observed the neighbor to
+the countrywoman; "how can the poor unhappy woman pay you when he takes
+all?"
+
+"Is that my fault?" replied the nurse angrily. "They owe it to me and
+somehow or other they must pay me!"
+
+And letting loose her tongue, as those women out of the country do, she
+began relating at length all the care she had taken of the child and all
+the expense it had been to her. In proportion as she recalled all she
+had done, her words seemed to convince her more than ever of her rights
+and to increase her anger. The poor mother, who no doubt feared that her
+violence would frighten the child, returned into the back shop and put
+it into its cradle.
+
+Whether it is that the countrywoman saw in this act a determination to
+escape her claims, or that she was blinded by passion, I cannot say;
+but she rushed into the next room, where I heard the sounds of
+quarreling, with which the cries of the child were soon mingled. The
+joiner, who was still rummaging in the till, was startled and raised his
+head.
+
+At the same moment Genevieve appeared at the door, holding in her arms
+the baby that the countrywoman was trying to tear from her. She ran
+toward the counter, and throwing herself behind her husband cried:
+
+"Michael, defend your son!"
+
+The drunken man quickly stood up erect, like one who awakes with a
+start.
+
+"My son!" stammered he; "what son?"
+
+His looks fell upon the child; a vague ray of intelligence passed over
+his features.
+
+"Robert," resumed he; "it is Robert!"
+
+He tried to steady himself on his feet, that he might take the baby, but
+he tottered. The nurse approached him in a rage.
+
+"My money, or I shall take the child away!" cried she. "It is I who have
+fed and brought it up: if you don't pay me for what has made it live, it
+ought to be the same to you as if it were dead. I shall not go until I
+have my due or the baby."
+
+"And what would you do with him?" murmured Genevieve, pressing Robert
+against her bosom.
+
+"Take it to the Foundling!" replied the countrywoman harshly; "the
+hospital is a better mother than you are, for it pays for the food of
+its little ones."
+
+At the word "Foundling," Genevieve had exclaimed aloud in horror. With
+her arms wound round her son, whose head she hid in her bosom, and her
+two hands spread over him, she had retreated to the wall, and remained
+with her back against it, like a lioness defending her young ones. The
+neighbor and I contemplated this scene, without knowing how we could
+interfere. As for Michael, he looked at us by turns, making a visible
+effort to comprehend it all. When his eye rested upon Genevieve and the
+child, it lit up with a gleam of pleasure; but when he turned toward us,
+he again became stupid and hesitating.
+
+At last, apparently making a prodigious effort, he cried out, "Wait!"
+
+And going to a tub full of water, he plunged his face into it several
+times.
+
+Every eye was turned upon him; the countrywoman herself seemed
+astonished. At length he raised his dripping head. This ablution had
+partly dispelled his drunkenness; he looked at us for a moment, then he
+turned to Genevieve, and his face brightened up.
+
+"Robert!" cried he, going up to the child and taking him in his arms.
+"Ah! give him me, wife; I must look at him."
+
+The mother seemed to give up his son to him with reluctance, and stayed
+before him with her arms extended, as if she feared the child would have
+a fall. The nurse began again in her turn to speak, and renewed her
+claims, this time threatening to appeal to law. At first Michael
+listened to her attentively, and when he comprehended her meaning he
+gave the child back to its mother.
+
+"How much do we owe you?" asked he.
+
+[Illustration: "HOW MUCH DO WE OWE YOU?"]
+
+The countrywoman began to reckon up the different expenses, which
+amounted to nearly 30 francs. The joiner felt to the bottom of his
+pockets, but could find nothing. His forehead became contracted by
+frowns; low curses began to escape him. All of a sudden he rummaged in
+his breast, drew forth a large watch, and holding it up above his head--
+
+"Here it is--here's your money!" cried he with a joyful laugh; "a watch,
+number one! I always said it would keep for a drink on a dry day; but it
+is not I who will drink it, but the young one. Ah! ah! ah! go and sell
+it for me, neighbor, and if that is not enough, I have my earrings. Eh!
+Genevieve, take them off for me; the earrings will square all! They
+shall not say you have been disgraced on account of the child--no, not
+even if I must pledge a bit of my flesh! My watch, my earrings, and my
+ring--get rid of all of them for me at the goldsmith's; pay the woman
+and let the little fool go to sleep. Give him me, Genevieve; I will put
+him to bed."
+
+And taking the baby from the arms of his mother, he carried him with a
+firm step to his cradle.
+
+It was easy to perceive the change which took place in Michael from this
+day. He cut all his old drinking acquaintances. He went early every
+morning to his work, and returned regularly in the evening to finish the
+day with Genevieve and Robert. Very soon he would not leave them at all,
+and he hired a place near the fruit shop and worked in it on his own
+account.
+
+They would soon have been able to live in comfort, had it not been for
+the expenses which the child required. Everything was given up to his
+education. He had gone through the regular school training, had studied
+mathematics, drawing, and the carpenter's trade, and had only begun to
+work a few months ago. Till now, they had been exhausting every resource
+which their laborious industry could provide to push him forward in his
+business; but, happily, all these exertions had not proved useless; the
+seed had brought forth its fruits, and the days of harvest were close
+by.
+
+While I was thus recalling these remembrances to my mind, Michael had
+come in and was occupied in fixing shelves where they were wanted.
+
+During the time I was writing the notes of my journal, I was also
+scrutinizing the joiner.
+
+The excesses of his youth and the labor of his manhood have deeply
+marked his face; his hair is thin and gray, his shoulders stooping, his
+legs shrunken and slightly bent. There seems a sort of weight in his
+whole being. His very features have an expression of sorrow and
+despondency. He answered my questions by monosyllables, and like a man
+who wishes to avoid conversation. From whence is this dejection, when
+one would think he had all he could wish for? I should like to know!
+
+_Ten O'clock._--Michael is just gone downstairs to look for a tool he
+has forgotten. I have at last succeeded in drawing from him the secret
+of his and Genevieve's sorrow. Their son Robert is the cause of it!
+
+Not that he has turned out ill after all their care--not that he is idle
+and dissipated; but both were in hopes he would never leave them any
+more. The presence of the young man was to have renewed and made glad
+their lives once more; his mother counted the days, his father prepared
+everything to receive their dear associate in their toils; and at the
+moment when they were thus about to be repaid for all their sacrifices,
+Robert had suddenly informed them that he had just engaged himself to a
+contractor at Versailles.
+
+Every remonstrance and every prayer were useless; he brought forward the
+necessity of initiating himself into all the details of an important
+contract, the facilities he should have in his new position of improving
+himself in his trade, and the hopes he had of turning his knowledge to
+advantage. At last, when his mother, having come to the end of her
+arguments, began to cry, he hastily kissed her and went away that he
+might avoid any further remonstrances.
+
+He had been absent a year, and there was nothing to give them hopes of
+his return. His parents hardly saw him once a month, and then he only
+stayed a few moments with them.
+
+"I have been punished where I had hoped to be rewarded," Michael said to
+me just now. "I had wished for a saving and industrious son, and God has
+given me an ambitious and avaricious one! I had always said to myself
+that when once he was grown up we should have him always with us, to
+recall our youth and to enliven our hearts. His mother was always
+thinking of getting him married and having children again to care for.
+You know women always will busy themselves about others. As for me, I
+thought of him working near my bench and singing his new songs; for he
+has learned music and is one of the best singers at the Orpheon. A
+dream, sir, truly! Directly the bird was fledged, he took to flight,
+and remembers neither father nor mother. Yesterday, for instance, was
+the day we expected him; he should have come to supper with us. No
+Robert to-day either! He has had some plan to finish, or some bargain to
+arrange, and his old parents are put down last in the accounts, after
+the customer's and the joiner's work. Ah! if I could have guessed how it
+would have turned out! Fool! to have sacrificed my likings and my money,
+for nearly twenty years, to the education of a thankless son! Was it for
+this I took the trouble to cure myself of drinking, to break with my
+friends, to become an example to the neighborhood? The jovial good
+fellow has made a goose of himself. Oh! if I had to begin again! No, no!
+you see women and children are our bane. They soften our hearts; they
+lead us a life of hope and affection; we pass a quarter of our lives in
+fostering the growth of a grain of corn which is to be everything to us
+in our old age, and when the harvest-time comes--good night, the ear is
+empty!"
+
+While he was speaking, Michael's voice became hoarse, his eye fierce,
+and his lips quivered. I wished to answer him, but I could only think of
+commonplace consolations, and I remained silent. The joiner pretended he
+wanted a tool and left me.
+
+Poor father! Ah! I know those moments of temptation when virtue has
+failed to reward us and we regret having obeyed her! Who has not felt
+this weakness in hours of trial, and who has not uttered, at least once,
+the mournful exclamation of Brutus?
+
+But if virtue is only a word, what is there then in life which is true
+and real? No, I will not believe that goodness is in vain! It does not
+always give the happiness we had hoped for, but it brings some other. In
+the world everything is ruled by order and has its proper and necessary
+consequences, and virtue cannot be the sole exception to the general
+law. If it had been prejudicial to those who practice it, experience
+would have avenged them; but experience has, on the contrary, made it
+more universal and more holy. We only accuse it of being a faithless
+debtor because we demand an immediate payment, and one apparent to our
+senses. We always consider life as a fairy tale, in which every good
+action must be rewarded by a visible wonder. We do not accept as payment
+a peaceful conscience, self-content, or a good name among men--treasures
+that are more precious than any other, but the value of which we do not
+feel till after we have lost them!
+
+Michael is come back and returned to his work. His son had not yet
+arrived.
+
+By telling me of his hopes and his grievous disappointments, he became
+excited; he unceasingly went over again the same subject, always adding
+something to his griefs. He has just wound up his confidential discourse
+by speaking to me of a joiner's business which he had hoped to buy and
+work to good account with Robert's help. The present owner had made a
+fortune by it, and after thirty years of business he was thinking of
+retiring to one of the ornamental cottages in the outskirts of the city,
+a usual retreat for the frugal and successful workingman. Michael had
+not indeed the 2,000 francs which must be paid down; but perhaps he
+could have persuaded Master Benoit to wait. Robert's presence would
+have been a security for him, for the young man could not fail to insure
+the prosperity of a workshop; besides science and skill, he had the
+power of invention and bringing to perfection. His father had discovered
+among his drawings a new plan for a staircase, which had occupied his
+thoughts for a long time; and he even suspected him of having engaged
+himself to the Versailles contractor for the very purpose of executing
+it. The youth was tormented by this spirit of invention, and while
+devoting his mind to study he had not time to listen to his feelings.
+
+[Illustration: MICHAEL IS COME BACK]
+
+Michael told me all this with a mixed feeling of pride and vexation. I
+saw he was proud of the son he was abusing, and that his very pride made
+him more sensible of that son's neglect.
+
+_Six O'clock P. M._--I have just finished a happy day. How many events
+have happened within a few hours, and what a change for Genevieve and
+Michael!
+
+He had just finished fixing the shelves and telling me of his son, while
+I laid the cloth for my breakfast.
+
+Suddenly we heard hurried steps in the passage, the door opened, and
+Genevieve entered with Robert. The joiner gave a start of joyful
+surprise, but he repressed it immediately, as if he wished to keep up
+the appearance of displeasure.
+
+The young man did not appear to notice it, but threw himself into his
+arms in an open-hearted manner which surprised me. Genevieve, whose face
+shone with happiness, seemed to wish to speak, and to restrain herself
+with difficulty.
+
+I told Robert I was glad to see him, and he answered me with ease and
+civility.
+
+"I expected you yesterday," said Michael Arout rather dryly.
+
+"Forgive me, father," replied the young workman, "but I had business at
+St. Germain's. I was not able to come back till it was very late, and
+then the master kept me."
+
+The joiner looked at his son sideways, and then took up his hammer
+again.
+
+"All right," muttered he in a grumbling tone; "when we are with other
+people we must do as they wish; but there are some who would like better
+to eat brown bread with their own knife than partridges with the silver
+fork of a master."
+
+"And I am one of those, father," replied Robert merrily; "but, as the
+proverb says, 'you must shell the peas before you can eat them.' It was
+necessary that I should first work in a great workshop--"
+
+"To go on with your plan of the staircase," interrupted Michael,
+ironically.
+
+"You must now say M. Raymond's plan, father," replied Robert, smiling.
+
+"Why?"
+
+"Because I have sold it to him."
+
+The joiner, who was planing a board, turned round quickly.
+
+"Sold it!" cried he, with sparkling eyes.
+
+"For the reason that I was not rich enough to give it him."
+
+Michael threw down the board and tool.
+
+"There he is again!" resumed he angrily; "his good genius puts an idea
+into his head which would have made him known, and he goes and sells it
+to a rich man, who will take all the honor of it himself."
+
+"Well, what harm is there done?" asked Genevieve.
+
+"What harm!" cried the joiner in a passion. "You understand nothing
+about it--you are a woman; but he--he knows well that a true workman
+never gives up his own inventions for money, no more than a soldier
+would give up his cross. That is his glory; he is bound to keep it for
+the honor it does him! Ah! thunder! if I had ever made a discovery,
+rather than put it up at auction I would have sold one of my eyes! Don't
+you see that a new invention is like a child to a workman? He takes care
+of it, he makes a way for it in the world, and it is only poor creatures
+who sell it."
+
+Robert colored a little.
+
+"You will think differently, father," said he, "when you know why I sold
+my plan."
+
+"Yes, and you will thank him for it," added Genevieve, who could no
+longer keep silence.
+
+"Never!" replied Michael.
+
+"But, wretched man!" cried she, "he only sold it for our sakes!"
+
+The joiner looked at his wife and son with astonishment. The latter
+related how he had entered into a negotiation with Master Benoit, who
+had positively refused to sell his business unless one-half of the 2,000
+francs were first paid down. It was in the hopes of obtaining this sum
+that he had gone to work with the contractor at Versailles; he had had
+an opportunity of trying his invention and of finding a purchaser.
+Thanks to the money he received for it, he had just concluded the
+bargain with Benoit, and had brought his father the key of the new
+work-yard.
+
+This explanation was given by the young workman with so much modesty and
+simplicity that I was quite affected by it. Genevieve cried; Michael
+pressed his son to his heart, and seemed to ask his pardon for having
+unjustly accused him.
+
+All was now explained with honor to Robert. The conduct which his
+parents had ascribed to indifference really sprang from affection; he
+had neither obeyed the voice of ambition nor of avarice, nor even the
+nobler inspiration of inventive genius; his whole motive and single aim
+had been the happiness of Genevieve and Michael. The day for proving his
+gratitude had come, and he had returned them sacrifice for sacrifice!
+
+After the explanation and exclamations of joy were over, all three were
+about to leave me; but the cloth being laid, I added three more places,
+and kept them to breakfast.
+
+The meal was prolonged: the fare was only tolerable, but the
+overflowings of affection made it delicious. Never had I better
+understood the unspeakable charm of family love. What calm enjoyment in
+that happiness which is always shared with others; in that community of
+interests which unites such various feeling; in that association of
+existences which forms one single being of so many! What is man without
+those home affections which, like so many roots, fix him firmly in the
+earth and permit him to imbibe all the juices of life? Energy,
+happiness--does it not all come from them? Without family life where
+would man learn to love, to associate, to deny himself? A community in
+little, is it not this which teaches us how to live in the great one?
+Such is the holiness of home, that to express our relation with God we
+have been obliged to borrow the words invented for our family life. Men
+have named themselves the sons of a heavenly Father!
+
+Ah! let us carefully preserve these chains of domestic union; do not let
+us unbind the human sheaf and scatter its ears to all the caprices of
+chance and of the winds; but let us rather enlarge this holy law; let us
+carry the principles and the habits of home beyond its bounds; and, let
+us realize the prayer of the Apostle of the Gentiles when he exclaimed
+to the new-born children of Christ:
+
+"Be ye like-minded, having the same love, being of one accord, of one
+mind."
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[314-1] This is adapted from _An Attic Philosopher in Paris_.
+
+[315-2] The cheap wine shops of Paris are outside the Barriers, to avoid
+the city tax.
+
+
+
+
+ON THE RECEIPT OF MY MOTHER'S PICTURE
+
+_By_ WILLIAM COWPER
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY NOTE
+
+Before we read this beautiful little poem, let us prepare ourselves by
+learning something about the author.
+
+William Cowper, the son of an English clergyman, was born in 1731. He
+was a delicate, sensitive little boy whose life was made miserable by
+his companions in play and at school. So timid was he that the larger
+boys tyrannized over him shamefully, and the smaller ones teased him as
+much as they liked. When his mother died, William was but six years old,
+and the shrinking little lad was placed in a large boarding school where
+the other boys were cruel and heartless. At least, so they seemed to the
+frightened newcomer. Probably they were no more cruel and heartless than
+most strong and healthy youngsters who are accustomed to give and take
+without whimpering. Young Cowper was merely the strange lad whose timid
+and hesitating manner seemed to call for discipline. Years afterwards,
+still remembering the agony of these years, he wrote of one big boy in
+particular.
+
+"His savage treatment of me impressed such a dread of his figure upon my
+mind that I well remember of being afraid to lift my eyes up higher
+than to his knees, and that I knew him better by his shoe-buckles than
+by any other part of his dress."
+
+At ten he was removed to Westminster School, where he made some good
+friends. Here, too, he took a more manly stand, played football and
+cricket with the other boys, and redeemed himself from some of his
+weakness. But he had numerous spells of moodiness and sadness, during
+which he hid himself from his fellows and refused to join their plays
+even. He was unusually intelligent, distinguished himself in his
+studies, and became a favorite with his teachers.
+
+Among his friends here was Warren Hastings, who long years afterwards,
+as governor of India, was convicted of cruelty and extortion. Cowper
+showed the loyalty of his nature by refusing utterly to believe in the
+guilt of his old friend.
+
+William's father wished to make a lawyer of his son, and when the boy
+had finished at Westminster he was sent to study law in London. If he
+had been unhappy in school, he became even more so now, for there was
+nothing in the legal profession to attract him. Instead of reading law
+he read literature; instead of writing legal papers he wrote poems and
+sketches. Finally, however, he became a lawyer, but he could never bring
+himself to practice his profession.
+
+At one time he was given a clerkship, but in preparation for it he was
+asked to take an examination before the bar at the House of Lords. Here
+his old nervousness and timidity overpowered him, and he failed to
+appear; in fact, he ran away, planning to kill himself, but at the last
+moment his courage again failed him. After this, his mind gave way, and
+he was for a time in an asylum. In fact, at intervals thereafter, he had
+attacks of despondency and moodiness, of fear and discouragement, which
+showed how seriously his mind was affected.
+
+So far this is not a very attractive picture; but it is one side of the
+great poet's character. That there was another we knew, for he made the
+most loyal friends, who opened their homes to him and were ever willing
+to care for him.
+
+At one time he was engaged to be married, but an attack of insanity
+prevented the union, though it did not destroy the ardent friendship of
+the lovers. Cowper could never wholly throw off the fear of the future.
+"Day and night," he once wrote, "I was upon the rack, lying down in
+horror and rising up in despair."
+
+His most attached friends, the Unwins, were deeply religious people, and
+at their house Cowper spent his happiest years. It was a great shock to
+him when Mr. Unwin was thrown from a horse and killed. From that time a
+succession of kind friends aided him, watched him through his periods of
+despair and provided for his simple wants. He was passionately fond of
+pets, and was happiest in caring for his rabbits, cats and other
+animals. He liked gardening, too, and spent a great deal of energy upon
+his plants.
+
+Cowper was one of the finest correspondents that ever wrote, and his
+graceful and humorous letters are still read with pleasure by all who
+know them. Strangely enough, his gloominess rarely found its way into
+his poetry, which often was highly amusing, as you know who have read
+_John Gilpin_. _The Task_ is his greatest poem, though there are many
+short ones of great beauty.
+
+Cowper was sincere and honest, and used good judgment in everything that
+did not concern himself. Occasionally he became dissatisfied with the
+style of poetry then most popular, because it was written so strictly
+according to rule and because heart and nature were all forgotten. What
+he wrote was different; putting his truthful eyes on birds and flowers,
+on fine scenery and on noble men and women, he wrote exactly as he saw,
+and let his fine sentiment and loving heart find gracious expression.
+The result was that he led the way for Wordsworth, the greater man, who
+brought our poetry back from the bonds of formality and made it
+beautiful, sincere and true.
+
+The final years of Cowper were sad ones. Mrs. Unwin was stricken with
+paralysis, and the poet repaid her years of care and protection by an
+unfailing attention that lasted till she died. It is said that after the
+one heart-breaking cry he uttered when he saw her dead body, he never
+again mentioned her name, though he lived for four years. His end came
+peacefully enough, in April, 1800.
+
+When Cowper was fifty-six years old his cousin sent to him from Norfolk
+a picture of his mother, who had then been dead for half a century. How
+vivid a recollection of her loving care remained to the saddened man may
+be seen in the poem.
+
+
+
+
+MY MOTHER'S PICTURE
+
+OUT OF NORFOLK, THE GIFT OF MY COUSIN, ANN BODHAM
+
+
+    O that those lips had language! Life has passed
+    With me but roughly since I heard thee last.
+    Those lips are thine,--thy own sweet smile I see,
+    The same that oft in childhood solaced me;
+    Voice only fails, else how distinct they say,
+    "Grieve not, my child; chase all thy fears away!"
+    The meek intelligence of those dear eyes
+    (Blest be the art that can immortalize,--
+    The art that baffles time's tyrannic claim
+    To quench it!) here shines on me still the same.
+
+    Faithful remembrancer of one so dear!
+    O welcome guest, though unexpected here!
+    Who bid'st me honor with an artless song,
+    Affectionate, a mother lost so long.
+    I will obey,--not willingly alone.
+    But gladly, as[335-1] the precept were her own;
+    And, while that face renews my filial grief,
+    Fancy shall weave a charm for my relief,--
+    Shall steep me in Elysian[335-2] revery,
+    A momentary dream that thou art she.
+
+[Illustration: "MY MOTHER!"]
+
+      My mother! when I learned that thou wast dead,
+    Say, wast thou conscious of the tears I shed?
+    Hovered thy spirit o'er thy sorrowing son,--
+    Wretch even then, life's journey just begun?
+    Perhaps thou gavest me, though unfelt, a kiss;
+    Perhaps a tear, if souls can weep in bliss--
+    Ah, that maternal smile! it answers--Yes.
+    I heard the bell tolled on thy burial day;
+    I saw the hearse that bore thee slow away;
+    And, turning from my nursery window, drew
+    A long, long sigh, and wept a last adieu!
+    But was it such?--It was.--Where thou art gone
+    Adieus and farewells are a sound unknown;
+    May I but meet thee on that peaceful shore,
+    The parting word shall pass my lips no more.
+    Thy maidens, grieved themselves at my concern,
+    Oft gave me promise of thy quick return;
+    What ardently I wished I long believed,
+    And, disappointed still, was still deceived,--
+    By expectation every day beguiled,
+    Dupe of to-morrow even from a child.
+    Thus many a sad to-morrow came and went,
+    Till, all my stock of infant sorrow spent,
+    I learned at last submission to my lot;
+    But, though I less deplored thee, ne'er forgot.
+
+    Where once we dwelt our name is heard no more;
+    Children not thine have trod my nursery floor;
+    And where the gardener Robin, day by day,
+    Drew me to school along the public way,
+    Delighted with my bauble coach, and wrapt
+    In scarlet mantle warm, and velvet capped,
+    'Tis now become a history little known,
+    That once we call'd the pastoral house[337-3] our own.
+    Shortlived possession! but the record fair,
+    That memory keeps of all thy kindness there,
+    Still outlives many a storm, that has effaced
+    A thousand other themes less deeply traced.
+    Thy nightly visits to my chamber made,
+    That thou mightst know me safe and warmly laid;
+    Thy morning bounties ere I left my home,
+    The biscuit, or confectionery plum;
+    The fragrant waters on my cheeks bestow'd
+    By thy own hand, till fresh they shone and glow'd;
+    All this, and more endearing still than all,
+    Thy constant flow of love, that knew no fall,
+    Ne'er roughen'd by those cataracts and breaks,
+    That humour[338-4] interposed too often makes;
+    All this still legible in memory's page,
+    And still to be so to my latest age,
+    Adds joy to duty, makes me glad to pay
+    Such honours to thee as my numbers[338-5] may;
+    Perhaps a frail memorial, but sincere,
+    Not scorn'd in Heaven, though little noticed here.
+    Could Time, his flight reversed, restore the hours,
+    When, playing with thy vesture's tissued[338-6] flowers,
+    The violet, the pink, the jessamine,
+    I prick'd them into paper with a pin,[338-7]
+    (And thou wast happier than myself the while--
+    Wouldst softly speak, and stroke my head and smile,)--
+    Could those few pleasant days again appear,
+    Might one wish bring them, would I wish them here?
+    I would not trust my heart,--the dear delight
+    Seems so to be desired, perhaps I might.
+    But no,--what here we call our life is such,
+    So little to be loved, and thou so much,
+    That I should ill requite thee to constrain
+    Thy unbound spirit into bounds again.
+
+      Thou--as a gallant bark, from Albion's[339-8] coast,
+    (The storms all weathered and the ocean crossed,)
+    Shoots into port at some well-havened isle,
+    Where spices breathe and brighter seasons smile;
+    There sits quiescent on the floods, that show
+    Her beauteous form reflected clear below,
+    While airs impregnated with incense play
+    Around her, fanning light her streamers gay,--
+    So thou, with sails how swift! hast reached the shore
+    "Where tempests never beat nor billows roar":
+    And thy loved consort[339-9] on the dangerous tide
+    Of life long since has anchored by thy side.
+    But me,[339-10] scarce hoping to attain the rest,
+    Always from port withheld, always distressed,--
+    Me[339-10] howling blasts drive devious, tempest-tossed,
+    Sails ripped, seams opening wide, and compass lost;[339-11]
+    And day by day some current's thwarting force
+    Sets me more distant from a prosperous course.
+    Yet O, the thought that thou art safe, and he!--[339-12]
+    That thought is joy, arrive what may to me.
+    My boast is not that I deduce my birth
+    From loins enthroned,[339-13] and rulers of the earth;
+    But higher far my proud pretensions rise,--
+    The son of parents passed into the skies.
+    And now, farewell!--Time, unrevoked,[340-14] has run
+    His wonted course; yet what I wished is done.
+    By contemplation's help, not sought in vain,
+    I seem to have lived my childhood o'er again,--
+    To have renewed the joys that once were mine,
+    Without the sin of violating thine;
+    And, while the wings of fancy still are free,
+    And I can view this mimic show of thee,
+    Time has but half succeeded in his theft,--
+    Thyself removed, thy power to soothe me left.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[335-1] As _though_ the request were her own.
+
+[335-2] The Elysian Fields were the blessed lands of beauty and joy to
+which the Greeks hoped to go at their death.
+
+[337-3] The _pastoral house_ means the rectory, the home of the
+clergyman.
+
+[338-4] _Humour_ here means _temper_.
+
+[338-5] _Numbers_ is used for _poetic measures; poetry_.
+
+[338-6] _Tissued_ is a poetic word for _variegated_.
+
+[338-7] He pricked into paper with a pin the outlines of the variegated
+forms of violets, pinks and jessamine that decorated his mother's dress.
+
+[339-8] _England's._ The old name Albion, which means _white_, is still
+used in poetry. Just how the name originated no one knows. Perhaps it
+alluded to the white chalk cliffs of England which the Gauls could see.
+
+[339-9] Cowper's father died in 1756; his mother in 1737.
+
+[339-10] _Me_ is repeated for emphasis; it is the object of _drive_:
+"Howling blasts drive me out of the straight line," is what the lines
+mean.
+
+[339-11] Cowper was too strongly conscious of his weakness and his
+difference from other men. He wrote in a letter to a friend, "Certainly
+I am not an absolute fool, but I have more weaknesses than the greatest
+of all the fools I can recollect at present. In short, if I was as fit
+for the next world as I am unfit for this,--and God forbid I should
+speak of it in vanity,--I would not change conditions with any saint in
+Christendom."
+
+[339-12] "That thou art safe, and that he is safe."
+
+[339-13] Cowper descended from ancient and high lineage on both sides.
+
+
+
+
+THOSE EVENING BELLS
+
+_By_ THOMAS MOORE
+
+
+    Those evening bells! those evening bells.
+    How many a tale their music tells,
+    Of youth, and home, and that sweet time
+    When last I heard their soothing chime!
+
+    Those joyous hours are passed away;
+    And many a heart that once was gay,
+    Within the tomb now darkly dwells,
+    And hears no more those evening bells.
+
+    And so 'twill be when I am gone--
+    That tuneful peal will still ring on;
+    While other bards shall walk these dells,
+    And sing your praise, sweet evening bells.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[340-14] _Unrevoked_ means _not called back_.
+
+
+
+
+ANNABEL LEE
+
+_By_ EDGAR ALLAN POE
+
+
+    It was many and many a year ago,
+      In a kingdom by the sea,
+    That a maiden lived, whom you may know
+      By the name of Annabel Lee;
+    And this maiden she lived with no other thought
+      Than to love, and be loved by me.
+
+    I was a child and she was a child,
+      In this kingdom by the sea;
+    But we loved with a love that was more than love,
+      I and my Annabel Lee,--
+    With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven
+      Coveted her and me.
+
+    And this was the reason that long ago,
+      In this kingdom by the sea,
+    A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling
+      My beautiful Annabel Lee;
+    So that her highborn kinsmen came,
+      And bore her away from me,
+    To shut her up in a sepulchre,
+      In this kingdom by the sea.
+
+    The angels, not so happy in heaven,
+      Went envying her and me.
+    Yes! that was the reason (as all men know)
+      In this kingdom by the sea,
+    That the wind came out of the cloud by night,
+      Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee.
+
+[Illustration: IN HER SEPULCHRE THERE BY THE SEA]
+
+    But our love it was stronger by far than the love
+      Of those who were older than we,
+      Of many far wiser than we;
+    And neither the angels in heaven above,
+      Nor the demons down under the sea,
+    Can ever dissever my soul from the soul
+      Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.
+    For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams
+      Of the beautiful Annabel Lee,
+
+    And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes
+      Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.
+    And so, all the night-tide I lie down by the side
+      Of my darling, my darling, my life, and my bride,
+    In her sepulchre there by the sea,
+      In her tomb by the sounding sea.
+
+
+
+
+THE THREE FISHERS
+
+_By_ CHARLES KINGSLEY
+
+
+    Three fishers went sailing out into the west--
+      Out into the west as the sun went down;
+    Each thought on the woman who loved him the best,
+      And the children stood watching them out of the town;
+    For men must work, and women must weep;
+    And there's little to earn, and many to keep,
+      Though the harbor bar be moaning.
+
+    Three wives sat up in the lighthouse tower,
+      And trimmed the lamps as the sun went down;
+    And they looked at the squall, and they looked at the shower,
+      And the night rack came rolling up, ragged and brown;
+    But men must work, and women must weep,--
+    Though storms be sudden, and waters deep,
+      And the harbor bar be moaning.
+
+[Illustration: THE NIGHT RACK CAME ROLLING UP]
+
+    Three corpses lay out on the shining sands
+      In the morning gleam as the tide went down,
+    And the women are weeping and wringing their hands,
+      For those who will never come back to the town;
+    For men must work, and women must weep,
+    And the sooner it's over, the sooner to sleep,--
+      And good-bye to the bar and its moaning.
+
+
+
+
+THE REAPER'S DREAM
+
+_By_ THOMAS BUCHANAN READ
+
+
+    The road was lone; the grass was dank
+    With night-dews on the briery bank
+    Whereon a weary reaper sank.
+    His garb was old; his visage tanned;
+    The rusty sickle in his hand
+    Could find no work in all the land.
+
+    He saw the evening's chilly star
+    Above his native vale afar;
+    A moment on the horizon's bar
+    It hung, then sank, as with a sigh;
+    And there the crescent moon went by,
+    An empty sickle down the sky.
+
+    To soothe his pain, Sleep's tender palm
+    Laid on his brow its touch of balm;
+    His brain received the slumberous calm;
+    And soon that angel without name,
+    Her robe a dream, her face the same,
+    The giver of sweet visions came.
+
+    She touched his eyes; no longer sealed,
+    They saw a troop of reapers wield
+    Their swift blades in a ripened field.
+    At each thrust of their snowy sleeves
+    A thrill ran through the future sheaves
+    Rustling like rain on forest leaves.
+
+    They were not brawny men who bowed,
+    With harvest voices rough and loud,
+    But spirits, moving as a cloud.
+    Like little lightnings in their hold,
+    The silver sickles manifold
+    Slid musically through the gold.
+
+    O, bid the morning stars combine
+    To match the chorus clear and fine,
+    That rippled lightly down the line,--
+    A cadence of celestial rhyme,
+    The language of that cloudless clime,
+    To which their shining hands kept time!
+
+    Behind them lay the gleaming rows,
+    Like those long clouds the sunset shows
+    On amber meadows of repose;
+    But, like a wind, the binders bright
+    Soon followed in their mirthful might,
+    And swept them into sheaves of light.
+
+    Doubling the splendor of the plain,
+    There rolled the great celestial wain,
+    To gather in the fallen grain.
+    Its frame was built of golden bars;
+    Its glowing wheels were lit with stars;
+    The royal Harvest's car of cars.
+
+    The snowy yoke that drew the load,
+    On gleaming hoofs of silver trode;
+    And music was its only goad.
+    To no command of word or beck
+    It moved, and felt no other check
+    Than one white arm laid on the neck,--
+
+    The neck, whose light was overwound
+    With bells of lilies, ringing round
+    Their odors till the air was drowned:
+    The starry foreheads meekly borne,
+    With garlands looped from horn to horn,
+    Shone like the many-colored morn.
+
+    The field was cleared. Home went the bands,
+    Like children, linking happy hands,
+    While singing through their father's lands;
+    Or, arms about each other thrown,
+    With amber tresses backward blown,
+    They moved as they were music's own.
+
+[Illustration: THE CRESCENT MOON WENT BY]
+
+    The vision brightening more and more,
+    He saw the garner's glowing door,
+    And sheaves, like sunshine, strew the floor,--
+    The floor was jasper,--golden flails,
+    Swift-sailing as a whirlwind sails,
+    Throbbed mellow music down the vales.
+
+    He saw the mansion,--all repose,--
+    Great corridors and porticos,
+    Propped with the columns, shining rows;
+    And these--for beauty was the rule--
+    The polished pavements, hard and cool,
+    Redoubled, like a crystal pool.
+
+    And there the odorous feast was spread;
+    The fruity fragrance widely shed
+    Seemed to the floating music wed.
+    Seven angels, like the Pleiad seven,
+    Their lips to silver clarions given,
+    Blew welcome round the walls of heaven.
+
+    In skyey garments, silky thin,
+    The glad retainers floated in
+    A thousand forms, and yet no din:
+    And from the visage of the Lord,
+    Like splendor from the Orient poured,
+    A smile illumined all the board.
+
+    Far flew the music's circling sound;
+    Then floated back, with soft rebound,
+    To join, nor mar, the converse round,
+    Sweet notes, that, melting, still increased,
+    Such as ne'er cheered the bridal feast
+    Of king in the enchanted East.
+
+    Did any great door ope or close,
+    It seemed the birth-time of repose,
+    The faint sound died where it arose;
+    And they who passed from door to door;
+    Their soft feet on the polished floor
+    Met their soft shadows,--nothing more.
+
+    Then once again the groups were drawn
+    Through corridors, or down the lawn,
+    Which bloomed in beauty like a dawn.
+    Where countless fountains leapt alway,
+    Veiling their silver heights in spray,
+    The choral people held their way.
+
+    There, midst the brightest, brightly shone
+    Dear forms he loved in years agone,--
+    The earliest loved,--the earliest flown.
+    He heard a mother's sainted tongue,
+    A sister's voice, who vanished young,
+    While one still dearer sweetly sung!
+
+    No further might the scene unfold;
+    The gazer's voice could not withhold;
+    The very rapture made him bold:
+    He cried aloud, with clasped hands,
+    "O happy fields! O happy bands!
+    Who reap the never-failing lands.
+
+    "Oh master of these broad estates,
+    Behold, before your very gates
+    A worn and wanting laborer waits!
+    Let me but toil amid your grain,
+    Or be a gleaner on the plain,
+    So I may leave these fields of pain!
+
+    "A gleaner, I will follow far,
+    With never look or word to mar,
+    Behind the Harvest's yellow car;
+    All day my hand shall constant be,
+    And every happy eve shall see
+    The precious burden borne to thee!"
+
+    At morn some reapers neared the place,
+    Strong men, whose feet recoiled apace;
+    Then gathering round the upturned face,
+    They saw the lines of pain and care,
+    Yet read in the expression there
+    The look as of an answered prayer.
+
+
+     A poem like the preceding abounds in beautiful word pictures, which
+     add to the charm of the imaginary incident which is related.
+
+     Here is the first: It is a country road in the harvest season. On
+     one side, stretching away into the dim distance, lie fields already
+     reaped; upon the other, a bank, covered with briery vines, rises
+     steeply into the darkness. The evening star lies close to the
+     horizon, and in the sky the cold crescent moon hangs like an empty
+     sickle. In the grass under the bank, with night dews thickly
+     gathered upon him, lies a poor and weary reaper. His torn clothes,
+     old and ill-kept, his tanned face, slender figure, and more than
+     all else the rusty sickle in his hand, show that he has been long
+     without work, and has suffered in poverty.
+
+     The next four scenes are from the reaper's dream:
+
+     1. It is a busy afternoon, and in a field of ripening grain reapers
+     are busy wielding their sickles, but they are not the strong men
+     who talk with loud, rough voices and bind the sheaves with joke and
+     laughter; they are gentle spirits moving like clouds, and their
+     sickles seem like little strokes of lightning as they slide
+     musically through the golden grain. Their shining hands keep time
+     to a beautiful song, and often the reapers glance across the
+     gleaming rows of grain into the rich red of the sunset. The binders
+     follow the reapers and place the sheaves in gleaming rows, while
+     behind them follows the great wagon gathering in the fallen
+     grain,--a wagon not of earth, but built of gold. Beautiful cattle
+     draw the wain, cattle that tread on silver hoofs and move without
+     other command than sweet music, or the soft touch of a white-armed
+     angel. Around the necks of the cattle are white lilies, and from
+     the horns droop garlands of many-colored flowers, freshly picked
+     from the dewy grass.
+
+     2. A jasper floor on which the grain lies like sunshine, and where
+     golden flails, falling swiftly, beat out the grain to mellow music,
+     gleams with increasing brightness.
+
+     3. The great mansion shines with its long corridors, its gleaming
+     porticos and polished pavement, all beautiful and hard and cool.
+     Inside is spread a fragrant feast to which seven angels sing
+     invitation with their silver clarions. Softly the invited guests
+     float in, a multitude in number, but silently as the stars move in
+     heaven. Sweet music floats around the beautiful room, and smiling
+     faces nod around the board. Doors are opened and closed without
+     sound, and the feet of the servants on the polished floor give no
+     more sound than falling shadows.
+
+     4. The groups of angel guests are gathered like flowers upon the
+     lawn where countless fountains play, and among them, moving here
+     and there, are the forms of the loved ones who have passed away
+     before him. His mother, his sister, and one still dearer than
+     either, sing sweetly and walk among fragrant flowers more beautiful
+     than his fancy ever painted.
+
+     The last scene is the same as the first, except that it is a cold,
+     chilly morning instead of a damp evening. Some reapers coming near
+     see lying under the briers the poor old reaper with his upturned
+     face, peaceful and quiet, now in death, but bearing the look of an
+     answered prayer.
+
+
+
+
+THE RECOVERY OF THE HISPANIOLA[352-1]
+
+_By_ ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON
+
+
+The coracle--as I had ample reason to know before I was done with
+her--was a very safe boat for a person of my height and weight, both
+buoyant and clever in a seaway--but she was the most cross-grained
+lop-sided craft to manage. Do as you pleased, she always made more
+leeway than anything else, and turning round and round was the maneuver
+she was best at.
+
+She turned in every direction but the one I was bound to go; the most
+part of the time we were broadside on, and I am very sure I never should
+have made the ship at all but for the tide. By good fortune, paddle as I
+pleased, the tide was still sweeping me down; and there lay the
+_Hispaniola_ right in the fair way, hardly to be missed.
+
+First she loomed before me like a blot of something yet blacker than
+darkness, then her spars and hull began to take shape, and the next
+moment, as it seemed (for, the further I went, the brisker grew the
+current of the ebb), I was alongside of her hawser, and had laid hold.
+
+The hawser was as taut as a bowstring, and the current so strong she
+pulled upon her anchor. All round the hull, in the blackness, the
+rippling current bubbled and chattered like a little mountain stream.
+One cut with my sea-gully, and the _Hispaniola_ would go humming down
+the tide.
+
+So far so good; but it next occurred to my recollection that a taut
+hawser, suddenly cut, is a thing as dangerous as a kicking horse. Ten to
+one, if I were so foolhardy as to cut the _Hispaniola_ from her anchor,
+I and the coracle would be knocked clean out of the water.
+
+This brought me to a full stop, and if fortune had not again
+particularly favored me, I should have had to abandon my design. But the
+light airs which had begun blowing from the southeast and south had
+hauled round after nightfall into the southwest. Just while I was
+meditating, a puff came, caught the _Hispaniola_, and forced her up into
+the current; and, to my great joy, I felt the hawser slacken in my
+grasp, and the hand by which I held it dip for a second under water.
+
+With that I made my mind up, took out my gully, opened it with my teeth,
+and cut one strand after another, till the vessel swung only by two.
+Then I lay quiet, waiting to sever these last when the strain should be
+once more lightened by a breath of wind.
+
+All this time I had heard the sound of loud voices from the cabin; but,
+to say truth, my mind had been so entirely taken up with other thoughts
+that I had scarcely given ear.
+
+One I recognized for the coxswain's, Israel Hands, that had been Flint's
+gunner in former days. The other was, of course, my friend of the red
+nightcap. Both men were plainly the worse of drink, and they were still
+drinking. But they were not only tipsy; it was plain that they were
+furiously angry. Oaths flew like hailstones, and every now and then
+there came forth such an explosion as I thought was sure to end in
+blows. But each time the quarrel passed off, and the voices grumbled
+lower for a while, until the next crisis came, and, in its turn, passed
+away without result.
+
+[Illustration: I LOOKED INTO THE CABIN]
+
+On shore I could see the glow of the great campfire burning warmly
+through the shoreside trees. Some one was singing a dull, old, droning
+sailor's song, with a droop and a quaver at the end of every verse, and
+seemingly no end to it at all but the patience of the singer. I had
+heard it on the voyage more than once, and remembered these words:
+
+   "But one man of her crew alive,
+    What put to sea with seventy-five."
+
+And I thought it was a ditty rather too dolefully appropriate for a
+company that had met such cruel losses in the morning. But, indeed, from
+what I saw, all these buccaneers were as callous as the sea they sailed
+on.
+
+At last the breeze came; the schooner sidled and drew nearer in the
+dark; I felt the hawser slacken once more, and with a good, tough
+effort, cut the last fibers through.
+
+The breeze had but little action on the coracle, and I was almost
+instantly swept against the bows of the _Hispaniola_. At the same time
+the schooner began to turn upon her heel, spinning slowly, end for end,
+across the current.
+
+I wrought like a fiend, for I expected every moment to be swamped; and
+since I found I could not push the coracle directly off, I now shoved
+straight astern. At length I was clear of my dangerous neighbor; and
+just as I gave the last impulsion, my hands came across a light cord
+that was trailing overboard across the stern bulwarks. Instantly I
+grasped it.
+
+Why I should have done so I can hardly say. It was at first mere
+instinct; but once I had it in my hands and found it fast, curiosity
+began to get the upper hand, and I determined I should have one look
+through the cabin window.
+
+I pulled in hand over hand on the cord, and, when I judged myself near
+enough, rose at infinite risk to about half my height, and thus
+commanded the roof and a slice of the interior of the cabin.
+
+By this time the schooner and her little consort were gliding pretty
+swiftly through the water; indeed, we had already fetched up level with
+the campfire. The ship was talking, as sailors say, loudly, treading the
+innumerable ripples with an incessant weltering splash; and until I got
+my eye above the window-sill I could not comprehend why the watchmen had
+taken no alarm. One glance, however, was sufficient; and it was only one
+glance that I durst take from that unsteady skiff. It showed me Hands
+and his companion locked together in deadly wrestle, each with a hand
+upon the other's throat.
+
+I dropped upon the thwart again, none too soon, for I was near
+overboard. I could see nothing for the moment, but these two furious,
+encrimsoned faces, swaying together under the smoky lamp; and I shut my
+eyes to let them grow once more familiar with the darkness.
+
+The endless ballad had come to an end at last, and the whole diminished
+company about the campfire had broken into the chorus I had heard so
+often:
+
+   "Fifteen men on the dead man's chest--
+      Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum!
+    Drink and the devil had done for the rest--
+      Yo-ho-ho, and a bottle of rum!"
+
+I was just thinking how busy drink and the devil were at that very
+moment in the cabin of the _Hispaniola_, when I was surprised by a
+sudden lurch of the coracle. At the same moment she yawed sharply and
+seemed to change her course. The speed in the meantime had strangely
+increased.
+
+I opened my eyes at once. All round me were little ripples, combing over
+with a sharp, bristling sound, and slightly phosphorescent. The
+_Hispaniola_ herself, a few yards in whose wake I was still being
+whirled along, seemed to stagger in her course, and I saw her spars toss
+a little against the blackness of the night; nay, as I looked longer, I
+made sure she also was wheeling to the southward.
+
+I glanced over my shoulder, and my heart jumped against my ribs. There,
+right behind me, was the glow of the campfire. The current had turned at
+right angles, sweeping round along with it the tall schooner and the
+little dancing coracle; ever quickening, ever bubbling higher, ever
+muttering louder, it went spinning through the narrows for the open sea.
+
+Suddenly the schooner in front of me gave a violent yaw, turning,
+perhaps, through twenty degrees; and almost at the same moment one shout
+followed another from on board; I could hear feet pounding on the
+companion ladder; and I knew that the two drunkards had at last been
+interrupted in their quarrel and awakened to a sense of their disaster.
+
+I lay down flat in the bottom of that wretched skiff, and devoutly
+recommended my spirit to its Maker. At the end of the straits, I made
+sure we must fall into some bar of raging breakers, where all my
+troubles would be ended speedily; and though I could, perhaps, bear to
+die, I could not bear to look upon my fate as it approached.
+
+So I must have lain for hours, continually beaten to and fro upon the
+billows, now and again wetted with flying sprays, and never ceasing to
+expect death at the next plunge. Gradually weariness grew upon me; a
+numbness, an occasional stupor, fell upon my mind even in the midst of
+my terrors; until sleep at last supervened, and in my sea-tossed coracle
+I lay and dreamed of home and the old tavern "Benbow."
+
+It was broad day when I awoke, and found myself tossing at the southwest
+end of Treasure Island. The sun was up, but was still hid from me behind
+the great bulk of the Spyglass, which on this side descended almost to
+the sea in formidable cliffs.
+
+Haulbowline Head and Mizzenmast Hill were at my elbow; the hill bare and
+dark, the head bound with cliffs forty or fifty feet high, and fringed
+with great masses of fallen rock. I was scarce a quarter of a mile to
+seaward, and it was my first thought to paddle in and land.
+
+That notion was soon given over. Among the fallen rocks the breakers
+spouted and bellowed; loud reverberations, heavy sprays flying and
+falling, succeeded one another from second to second; and I saw myself,
+if I ventured nearer, dashed to death upon the rough shore, or spending
+my strength in vain to scale the beetling crags.
+
+Nor was that all; for crawling together on flat tables of rock, or
+letting themselves drop into the sea with loud reports, I beheld huge
+slimy monsters--soft snails, as it were, of incredible bigness--two or
+three score of them together, making the rocks to echo with their
+barkings.
+
+I have understood since that they were sea lions, and entirely harmless.
+But the look of them added to the difficulty of the shore and the high
+running of the surf, was more than enough to disgust me of that landing
+place. I felt willing rather to starve at sea than to confront such
+perils.
+
+In the meantime I had a better chance, as I supposed, before me. North
+of Haulbowline Head the land runs in a long way, leaving, at low tide, a
+long stretch of yellow sand. To the north of that, again, there comes
+another cape--Cape of the Woods, as it was marked upon the chart--buried
+in tall green pines, which descended to the margin of the sea.
+
+I remembered that the current sets northward along the whole west coast
+of Treasure Island; and seeing from my position that I was already under
+its influence, I preferred to leave Haulbowline Head behind me, and
+reserve my strength for an attempt to land upon the kindlier-looking
+Cape of the Woods.
+
+There was a great, smooth swell upon the sea. The wind blowing steady
+and gentle from the south, there was no contrariety between that and the
+current, and the billows rose and fell unbroken.
+
+Had it been otherwise, I must long ago have perished; but as it was, it
+is surprising how easily and securely my little and light boat could
+ride. Often, as I still lay at the bottom, and kept no more than an eye
+above the gunwale, I would see a big blue summit heaving close above me;
+yet the coracle would but bounce a little, dance as if on springs, and
+subside on the other side into the trough as lightly as a bird.
+
+I began after a little to grow very bold, and sat up to try my skill at
+paddling. But even a small change in the disposition of the weight will
+produce violent changes in the behavior of a coracle. And I had hardly
+moved before the boat, giving up at once her gentle dancing movement,
+ran straight down a slope of water so steep that it made me giddy, and
+stuck her nose, with a spout of spray, deep into the side of the next
+wave.
+
+I was drenched and terrified, and fell instantly back into my old
+position, whereupon the coracle seemed to find her head again, and led
+me as softly as before among the billows. It was plain she was not to be
+interfered with, and at that rate, since I could in no way influence her
+course, what hope had I left of reaching land?
+
+I began to be horribly frightened, but I kept my head, for all that.
+
+First, moving with all care, I gradually bailed out the coracle with my
+sea-cap; then getting my eye once more above the gunwale, I set myself
+to study how it was she managed to slip so quietly through the rollers.
+
+I found each wave, instead of the big, smooth, glossy mountain it looked
+from shore, or from a vessel's deck, was for all the world like any
+range of hills on the dry land, full of peaks and smooth places and
+valleys. The coracle, left to herself, turning from side to side,
+threaded, so to speak, her way through these lower parts, and avoided
+the steep slopes and higher, toppling summits of the waves.
+
+"Well, now," thought I to myself, "it is plain I must lie where I am,
+and not disturb the balance; but it is plain, also, that I can put the
+paddle over the side, and from time to time, in smooth places, give her
+a shove or two toward land." No sooner thought upon than done. There I
+lay on my elbows, in the most trying attitude, and every now and again
+gave a weak stroke or two to turn her head to shore. It was very tiring,
+and slow work, yet I did visibly gain ground; and, as we drew near the
+Cape of the Woods, though I saw I must infallibly miss that point, I had
+still made some hundred yards of easting. I was, indeed, close in. I
+could see the cool, green tree tops swaying together in the breeze, and
+I felt sure I should make the next promontory without fail.
+
+It was high time, for now I began to be tortured with thirst. The glow
+of the sun from above, its thousandfold reflection from the waves, the
+sea-water that fell and dried upon me, caking my very lips with salt,
+combined to make my throat burn and my brain ache. The sight of the
+trees so near at hand had almost made me sick with longing; but the
+current had soon carried me past the point; and, as the next reach of
+sea opened out, I beheld a sight that changed the nature of my thoughts.
+
+Right in front of me, not half a mile away, I beheld the _Hispaniola_
+under sail. I made sure, of course, that I should be taken; but I was so
+distressed for want of water, that I scarce knew whether to be glad or
+sorry at the thought; and, long before I had come to a conclusion,
+surprise had taken entire possession of my mind, and I could do nothing
+but stare and wonder.
+
+The _Hispaniola_ was under her mainsail and two jibs, and the beautiful
+white canvas shone in the sun like snow or silver. When I first sighted
+her, all her sails were drawing; she was lying a course about northwest;
+and I presumed the men on board were going round the island on their way
+back to the anchorage. Presently she began to fetch more and more to the
+westward, so that I thought they had sighted me and were going about in
+chase. At last, however, she fell right into the wind's eye, was taken
+dead aback, and stood there awhile helpless, with her sails shivering.
+
+"Clumsy fellows," said I; "they must still be drunk as owls." And I
+thought how Captain Smollett would have set them skipping.
+
+Meanwhile, the schooner gradually fell off, and filled again upon
+another tack, sailed swiftly for a minute or so, and brought up once
+more dead in the wind's eye. Again and again was this repeated. To and
+fro, up and down, north, south, east, and west the _Hispaniola_ sailed
+by swoops and dashes, and at each repetition ended as she had begun,
+with idly-flapping canvas. It became plain to me that nobody was
+steering. And, if so, where were the men? Either they were dead drunk,
+or had deserted her, I thought, and perhaps if I could get on board, I
+might return the vessel to her captain.
+
+The current was bearing coracle and schooner southward at an equal rate.
+As for the latter's sailing, it was so wild and intermittent, and she
+hung each time so long in irons, that she certainly gained nothing, if
+she did not even lose. If only I dared to sit up and paddle, I made sure
+that I could overhaul her. The scheme had an air of adventure that
+inspired me, and the thought of the water-breaker beside the fore
+companion doubled my growing courage.
+
+Up I got, was welcomed almost instantly by another cloud of spray, but
+this time stuck to my purpose; and set myself, with all my strength and
+caution, to paddle after the unsteered _Hispaniola_. Once I shipped a
+sea so heavy that I had to stop and bail, with my heart fluttering like
+a bird; but gradually I got into the way of the thing, and guided my
+coracle among the waves, with only now and then a blow upon her bows and
+a dash of foam in my face.
+
+I was now gaining rapidly on the schooner. I could see the brass glisten
+on the tiller as it banged about; and still no soul appeared upon her
+decks. I could not choose but suppose she was deserted. If not, the men
+were lying drunk below, where I might batten them down, perhaps, and do
+what I chose with the ship.
+
+For some time she had been doing the worst thing possible for
+me--standing still. She headed nearly due south, yawing, of course, all
+the time. Each time she fell off her sails partly filled, and these
+brought her in a moment right to the wind again. I have said this was
+the worst thing possible for me; for helpless as she looked in this
+situation, with the canvas cracking like cannon and the blocks trundling
+and banging on the deck, she still continued to run away from me, not
+only with the speed of the current, but by the whole amount of her
+leeway, which was naturally great.
+
+But now at last I had my chance. The breeze fell for some seconds very
+low, and the current gradually turning her, the _Hispaniola_ revolved
+slowly round her center, and at last presented me her stern, with the
+cabin window still gaping open, and the lamp over the table still
+burning on into the day.
+
+The mainsail hung drooped like a banner. She was stock-still, but for
+the current.
+
+For the last little while I had even lost; but now, redoubling my
+efforts, I began once more to overhaul the chase.
+
+I was not a hundred yards from her when the wind came again in a clap;
+she filled on the port tack and was off again, stooping and skimming
+like a swallow.
+
+My first impulse was one of despair, but my second was toward joy. Round
+she came till she was broadside on to me--round still till she had
+covered a half, and then two thirds, and then three quarters of the
+distance that separated us. I could see the waves boiling white under
+her forefoot. Immensely tall she looked to me from my low station in the
+coracle.
+
+And then, of a sudden, I began to comprehend. I had scarce time to
+think--scarce time to act and save myself. I was on the summit of one
+swell when the schooner came stooping over the next. The bowsprit was
+over my head. I sprang to my feet and leaped, stamping the coracle under
+water. With one hand I caught the jib-boom, while my foot was lodged
+between the stay and the brace; and as I still clung there panting a
+dull blow told me that the schooner had charged down upon and struck the
+coracle, and that I was left without retreat on the _Hispaniola_.
+
+I had scarce gained a position on the bowsprit, when the flying jib
+flapped and filled upon the other tack, with a report like a gun. The
+schooner trembled to her keel under the reverse; but next moment, the
+other sails still drawing, the jib flapped back again and hung idle.
+
+This had nearly tossed me off into the sea; and now I lost no time,
+crawled back along the bowsprit, and tumbled head foremost on the deck.
+
+I was on the lee side of the forecastle, and the mainsail, which was
+still drawing, concealed from me a certain portion of the after-deck.
+Not a soul was to be seen. The planks, which had not been swabbed since
+the mutiny, bore the print of many feet; and an empty bottle, broken by
+the neck, tumbled to and fro like a live thing in the scuppers.
+
+Suddenly the _Hispaniola_ came right into the wind. The jibs behind me
+cracked aloud; the rudder slammed to; the whole ship gave a sickening
+heave and shudder, and at the same moment the main-boom swung inboard,
+the sheet groaning in the blocks, and showed me the lee after-deck.
+
+There were the two watchmen, sure enough: red-cap on his back, as stiff
+as a handspike, with his arms stretched out like those of a crucifix,
+and his teeth showing through his open lips; Israel Hands propped
+against the bulwarks, his chin on his chest, his hands lying open before
+him on the deck, his face as white, under its tan, as a tallow candle.
+
+For awhile the ship kept bucking and sidling like a vicious horse, the
+sails filling, now on one tack, now on another, and the boom swinging to
+and fro till the mast groaned aloud under the strain. Now and again,
+too, there would come a cloud of light sprays over the bulwark, and a
+heavy blow of the ship's bows against the swell: so much heavier weather
+was made of it by this great rigged ship than by my home-made, lopsided
+coracle, now gone to the bottom of the sea.
+
+At every jump of the schooner red-cap slipped to and fro; but--what was
+ghastly to behold--neither his attitude nor his fixed teeth-disclosing
+grin was anyway disturbed by this rough usage. At every jump, too, Hands
+appeared still more to sink into himself and settle down upon the deck,
+his feet sliding ever the farther out, and the whole body canting toward
+the stern, so that his face became, little by little, hid from me; and
+at last I could see nothing beyond his ear and the frayed ringlet of one
+whisker.
+
+At the same time, I observed, around both of them, splashes of dark
+blood upon the planks, and began to feel sure that they had killed each
+other in their drunken wrath.
+
+While I was thus looking and wondering, in a calm moment, when the ship
+was still, Israel Hands turned partly round, and, with a low moan,
+writhed himself back to the position in which I had seen him first. The
+moan, which told of pain and deadly weakness, and the way in which his
+jaw hung open, went right to my heart. But when I remembered the talk I
+had overheard from the apple barrel, all pity left me.
+
+I walked aft until I reached the mainmast.
+
+"Come aboard, Mr. Hands," I said ironically.
+
+He rolled his eyes round heavily; but he was too far gone to express
+surprise. All he could do was to utter one word: "Brandy."
+
+It occurred to me there was no time to lose; and, dodging the boom as it
+once more lurched across the deck, I slipped aft, and down the companion
+stairs into the cabin.
+
+It was such a scene of confusion as you can hardly fancy. All the
+lockfast places had been broken open in quest of the chart. The floor
+was thick with mud, where ruffians had sat down to drink or consult
+after wading in the marshes round their camp. The bulkheads, all painted
+in clear white, and beaded round with gilt, bore a pattern of dirty
+hands. Dozens of empty bottles clinked together in corners to the
+rolling of the ship. One of the doctor's medical books lay open on the
+table, half of the leaves gutted out, I suppose, for pipe-lights. In the
+midst of all this the lamp still cast a smoky glow, obscure and brown as
+umber.
+
+I went into the cellar; all the barrels were gone, and of the bottles a
+most surprising number had been drunk out and thrown away. Certainly,
+since the mutiny began, not a man of them could ever have been sober.
+Foraging about I found a bottle with some brandy left, for Hands; and
+for myself I routed out some biscuit, some pickled fruits, a great bunch
+of raisins, and a piece of cheese. With these I came on deck, put down
+my own stock behind the rudder head, and well out of the coxswain's
+reach, went forward to the waterbreaker, and had a good, deep drink of
+water, and then, and not till then, gave Hands the brandy.
+
+He must have drunk a gill before he took the bottle from his mouth.
+
+"Ay," said he, "by thunder, but I wanted some o' that!"
+
+I had sat down already in my own corner and begun to eat.
+
+"Much hurt?" I asked him.
+
+He grunted, or, rather, I might say, he barked.
+
+"If that doctor was aboard," he said, "I'd be right enough in a couple
+of turns; but I don't have no manner of luck, you see, and that's what's
+the matter with me. As for that swab, he's good and dead, he is," he
+added, indicating the man with the red cap. "He warn't no seaman,
+anyhow. And where mought you have come from?"
+
+"Well," said I, "I've come aboard to take possession of this ship, Mr.
+Hands; and you'll please regard me as your captain until further
+notice."
+
+He looked at me sourly enough, but said nothing. Some of the color had
+come back into his cheeks, though he still looked very sick, and still
+continued to slip out and settle down as the ship banged about.
+
+"By the bye," I continued, "I can't have these colors, Mr. Hands; and,
+by your leave, I'll strike 'em. Better none than these."
+
+And, again dodging the boom, I ran to the color lines, handed down their
+cursed black flag, and chucked it overboard.
+
+"God save the king!" said I, waving my cap.
+
+He watched me keenly and slyly, his chin all the while on his breast.
+
+"I reckon," he said at last--"I reckon, Cap'n Hawkins, you'll kind of
+want to get ashore, now. S'pose we talks."
+
+"Why, yes," says I, "with all my heart, Mr. Hands. Say on." And I went
+back to my meal with a good appetite.
+
+"This man," he began, nodding feebly at the corpse--"O'Brien were his
+name--a rank Irelander--this man and me got the canvas on her, meaning
+for to sail her back. Well, _he's_ dead now, he is--as dead as bilge;
+and who's to sail this ship, I don't see. Without I gives you a hint,
+you ain't that man, as far's I can tell. Now, look here, you gives me
+food and drink, and an old scarf or ankecher to tie my wound up, you do;
+and I'll tell you how to sail her; and that's about square all round, I
+take it.
+
+"I'll tell you one thing," says I: "I'm not going back to Captain Kidd's
+anchorage. I mean to get into North Inlet, and beach her quietly there."
+
+"To be sure you did," he cried. "Why, I ain't such an infernal lubber,
+after all. I can see, can't I? I've tried my fling, I have, and I've
+lost, and it's you has the wind of me. North Inlet? Why, I haven't no
+chi'ce, not I! I'd help you sail her up to Execution Dock, by thunder!
+so I would."
+
+Well, as it seemed to me, there was some sense in this. We struck our
+bargain on the spot. In three minutes I had the _Hispaniola_ sailing
+easily before the wind along the coast of Treasure Island, with good
+hopes of turning the northern point ere noon, and beating down again as
+far as North Inlet before high water, when we might beach her safely,
+and wait till the subsiding tide permitted us to land.
+
+Then I lashed the tiller and went below to my own chest, where I got a
+soft silk handkerchief of my mother's. With this, and with my aid, Hands
+bound up the great bleeding stab he had received in the thigh, and after
+he had eaten a little and had a swallow or two more of the brandy, he
+began to pick up visibly, sat straighter up, spoke louder and clearer,
+and looked in every way another man.
+
+The breeze served us admirably. We skimmed before it like a bird, the
+coast of the island flashing by, and the view changing every minute.
+Soon we were past the high lands and bowling beside low, sandy country,
+sparsely dotted with dwarf pines, and soon we were beyond that again,
+and had turned the corner of the rocky hill that ends the island on the
+north.
+
+I was greatly elated with my new command, and pleased with the bright,
+sunshiny weather and these different prospects of the coast. I had now
+plenty of water and good things to eat, and my conscience, which had
+smitten me hard for my desertion, was quieted by the great conquest I
+had made. I should, I think, have had nothing left me to desire but for
+the eyes of the coxswain as they followed me derisively about the deck,
+and the odd smile that appeared continually on his face. It was a smile
+that had in it something both of pain and weakness--a haggard, old man's
+smile; but there was besides that, a grain of derision, a shadow of
+treachery in his expression as he craftily watched, and watched, and
+watched me at my work.
+
+The wind, serving us to a desire, now hauled into the west. We could run
+so much the easier from the northeast corner of the island to the mouth
+of the North Inlet. Only, as we had no power to anchor, and dared not
+beach her till the tide had flowed a good deal farther, time hung on our
+hands.
+
+The coxswain told me how to lay the ship to; after a good many trials I
+succeeded, and we both sat in silence over another meal.
+
+"Cap'n," said he, at length, with that same uncomfortable smile, "here's
+my old shipmate, O'Brien; s'pose you was to heave him overboard. I ain't
+partic'lar as a rule, and I don't take no blame for settling his hash;
+but I don't reckon him ornamental, now, do you?"
+
+"I'm not strong enough, and I don't like the job; and there he lies, for
+me," said I.
+
+"This here's an unlucky ship--this _Hispaniola_, Jim," he went on,
+blinking. "There's a power of men been killed in this _Hispaniola_--a
+sight o' poor seamen dead and gone since you and me took ship to
+Bristol. I never seen sich dirty luck, not I. There was this here
+O'Brien, now--he's dead, ain't he? Well, now, I'm no scholar, and you're
+a lad as can read and figure; and, to put it straight, do you take it as
+a dead man is dead for good, or do he come alive again?"
+
+"You can kill the body, Mr. Hands, but not the spirit; you must know
+that already," I replied. "O'Brien there is in another world, and maybe
+watching us."
+
+"Ah!" says he. "Well, that's unfort'nate--appears as if killing parties
+was a waste of time. Howsomever, sperrits don't reckon for much, by what
+I've seen. I'll chance it with the sperrits, Jim. And now, you've spoke
+up free, and I'll take it kind if you'd step down into that there cabin
+and get me a--well, a--shiver my timbers! I can't hit the name on't;
+well, you get me a bottle of wine, Jim--this here brandy's too strong
+for my head."
+
+Now, the coxswain's hesitation seemed to be unnatural; and as for the
+notion of his preferring wine to brandy, I entirely disbelieved it. The
+whole story was a pretext. He wanted me to leave the deck--so much was
+plain; but with what purpose I could in no way imagine. His eyes never
+met mine; they kept wandering to and fro, up and down, now with a look
+to the sky, now with a flitting glance upon the dead O'Brien. All the
+time he kept smiling and putting his tongue out in the most guilty,
+embarrassed manner, so that a child could have told that he was bent on
+some deception. I was prompt with my answer, however, for I saw where my
+advantage lay; and that with a fellow so densely stupid I could easily
+conceal my suspicions to the end.
+
+"Some wine?" I said. "Far better. Will you have white or red?"
+
+"Well, I reckon it's about the blessed same to me, shipmate," he
+replied; "so it's strong and plenty of it, what's the odds?"
+
+"All right," I answered. "I'll bring you port, Mr. Hands. But I'll have
+to dig for it."
+
+With that I scuttled down the companion with all the noise I could,
+slipped off my shoes, ran quietly along the sparred gallery, mounted the
+forecastle ladder and popped my head out of the fore companion. I knew
+he would not expect to see me there; yet I took every precaution
+possible; and certainly the worst of my suspicions proved too true.
+
+He had risen from his position to his hands and knees; and though his
+leg obviously hurt him pretty sharply when he moved--for I could hear
+him stifle a groan--yet it was at a good, rattling rate that he trailed
+himself across the deck. In half a minute he had reached the port
+scuppers, and picked out a coil of rope, a long knife, or rather a
+short dirk, discolored to the hilt with blood. He looked upon it for a
+moment, thrusting forth his under jaw, tried the point upon his hand,
+and then, hastily concealing it in the bosom of his jacket, trundled
+back again into his old place against the bulwark.
+
+That was all that I required to know. Israel could move about; he was
+now armed; and if he had been at so much trouble to get rid of me, it
+was plain that I was meant to be the victim. What he would do
+afterward--whether he would try to crawl right across the island from
+North Inlet to the camp among the swamps, or whether he would fire Long
+Tom, trusting that his own comrades might come first to help him, was,
+of course, more than I could say.
+
+Yet I felt sure that I could trust him in one point, since in that our
+interests jumped together, and that was in the disposition of the
+schooner. We both desired to have her stranded safe enough, in a
+sheltered place, and so that, when the time came, she could be got off
+again with as little labor and danger as might be; and until that was
+done I considered that my life would certainly be spared.
+
+While I was thus turning the business over in my mind, I had not been
+idle with my body. I had stolen back to the cabin, slipped once more
+into my shoes, and laid my hand at random on a bottle of wine, and now,
+with this for an excuse, I made my reappearance on the deck.
+
+Hands lay as I had left him, all fallen together in a bundle, and with
+his eyelids lowered, as though he were too weak to bear the light. He
+looked up, however, at my coming, knocked the neck off the bottle, like
+a man who had done the same thing often, and took a good swig, with his
+favorite toast of "Here's luck!" Then he lay quiet for a little, and
+then, pulling out a stick of tobacco, begged me to cut him a quid.
+
+"Cut me a junk o' that," says he, "for I haven't no knife, and hardly
+strength enough, so be as I had. Ah, Jim, Jim, I reckon I've missed
+stays! Cut me a quid, as'll likely be the last, lad; for I'm for my long
+home, and no mistake."
+
+"Well," said I, "I'll cut you some tobacco; but if I was you and thought
+myself so badly, I would go to my prayers, like a Christian man."
+
+"Why?" said he. "Now, you tell me why."
+
+"Why?" I cried. "You were asking me just now about the dead. You've
+broken your trust; you've lived in sin and lies and blood; there's a man
+you killed lying at your feet this moment; and you ask me why! For God's
+mercy, Mr. Hands, that's why."
+
+I spoke with a little heat, thinking of the bloody dirk he had hidden in
+his pocket, and designed, in his ill thoughts, to end me with. He, for
+his part, took a great draught of the wine, and spoke with the most
+unusual solemnity.
+
+"For thirty years," he said, "I've sailed the seas, and seen good and
+bad, better and worse, fair weather and foul, provisions running out,
+knives going, and what not. Well, now I tell you, I never seen good come
+o' goodness yet. Him as strikes first is my fancy; dead men don't bite;
+them's my views--amen, so be it. And now, you look here," he added,
+suddenly changing his tone, "we've had about enough of this foolery. The
+tide's made good enough by now. You just take my orders, Cap'n Hawkins,
+and we'll sail slap in and be done with it."
+
+All told, we had scarce two miles to run; but the navigation was
+delicate, the entrance to this northern anchorage was not only narrow
+and shoal, but lay east and west, so that the schooner must be nicely
+handled to be got in. I think I was a good, prompt subaltern, and I am
+very sure that Hands was an excellent pilot; for we went about and
+about, and dodged in, shaving the banks, with a certainty and a neatness
+that was a pleasure to behold.
+
+Scarcely had we passed the heads before the land closed around us. The
+shores of North Inlet were as thickly wooded as those of the southern
+anchorage; but the space was longer and narrower, and more like, what in
+truth it was, the estuary of a river.
+
+Right before us, at the southern end, we saw the wreck of a ship in the
+last stages of dilapidation. It had been a great vessel of three masts,
+but had lain so long exposed to the injuries of the weather that it was
+hung about with great webs of dripping seaweed, and on the deck of it
+shore bushes had taken root, and now flourished thick with flowers. It
+was a sad sight, but it showed us that the anchorage was calm.
+
+"Now," said Hands, "look there; there's a pet bit for to beach a ship
+in. Fine flat sand, never a catspaw, trees all around of it, and flowers
+a-blowing like a garding on that old ship."
+
+"And once beached," I inquired, "how shall we get her off again?"
+
+"Why, so," he replied: "you take a line ashore there on the other side
+at low water; take a turn about one o' them big pines; bring it back,
+take a turn round the capstan, and lie-to for the tide. Come high water,
+all hands take a pull upon the line, and off she comes as sweet as
+natur'. And now, boy, you stand by. We're near the bit now, and she's
+too much way on her. Starboard a little--so--steady--starboard--larboard
+a little--steady--steady!"
+
+So he issued his commands, which I breathlessly obeyed; till, all of a
+sudden, he cried: "Now, my hearty, luff!" And I put the helm hard up,
+and the _Hispaniola_ swung round rapidly, and ran stem on for the low
+wooded shore.
+
+The excitement of these last maneuvers had somewhat interfered with the
+watch I had kept hitherto, sharply enough, upon the coxswain. Even then
+I was still so much interested, waiting for the ship to touch, that I
+had quite forgot the peril that hung over my head, and stood craning
+over the starboard bulwarks and watching the ripples spreading wide
+before the bows. I might have fallen without a struggle for my life, had
+not a sudden disquietude seized upon me, and made me turn my head.
+Perhaps I had heard a creak, or seen his shadow moving with the tail of
+my eye; perhaps it was an instinct like a cat's; but, sure enough, when
+I looked round, there was Hands, already halfway toward me, with the
+dirk in his right hand.
+
+We must both have cried out aloud when our eyes met; but while mine was
+the shrill cry of terror, his was a roar of fury like a charging
+bull's. At the same instant he threw himself forward, and I leaped
+sideways toward the bows. As I did so I let go of the tiller, which
+sprang sharp to leeward; and I think this saved my life, for it struck
+Hands across the chest and stopped him, for the moment, dead.
+
+Before he could recover, I was safe out of the corner where he had me
+trapped, with all the deck to dodge about. Just forward of the mainmast
+I stopped, drew a pistol from my pocket, took a cool aim, though he had
+already turned and was once more coming directly after me, and drew the
+trigger. The hammer fell, but there followed neither flash nor sound;
+the priming was useless with sea-water. I cursed myself for my neglect.
+Why had not I, long before, reprimed and reloaded my only weapons? Then
+I should not have been as now, a mere fleeing sheep before this butcher.
+
+Wounded as he was, it was wonderful how fast he could move, his grizzled
+hair tumbling over his face, and his face itself as red as a red ensign
+with his haste and fury. I had no time to try my other pistol, nor,
+indeed, much inclination, for I was sure it would be useless. One thing
+I saw plainly: I must not simply retreat before him, or he would
+speedily hold me boxed into the bows, as a moment since he had so nearly
+boxed me in the stern. Once so caught, and nine or ten inches of the
+bloodstained dirk would be my last experience on this side of eternity.
+I placed my palms against the mainmast, which was of a goodish bigness,
+and waited, every nerve upon the stretch.
+
+Seeing that I meant to dodge, he also paused; and a moment or two passed
+in feints on his part, and corresponding movements upon mine. It was
+such a game as I had often played at home about the rocks of Black Hill
+Cove; but never before, you may be sure, with such a wildly beating
+heart as now. Still, as I say, it was a boy's game, and I thought I
+could hold my own at it, against an elderly seaman with a wounded thigh.
+Indeed, my courage had begun to rise so high that I allowed myself a few
+darting thoughts on what would be the end of the affair; and while I saw
+certainly that I could spin it out for long, I saw no hope of any
+ultimate escape.
+
+Well, while things stood thus, suddenly the _Hispaniola_ struck,
+staggered, ground for an instant in the sand, and then, swift as a blow,
+canted over to the port side, till the deck stood at an angle of
+forty-five degrees, and about a puncheon of water splashed into the
+scupperholes, and lay in a pool between the deck and bulwark.
+
+We were both of us capsized in a second, and both of us rolled, almost
+together, into the scuppers; the dead red-cap, with his arms still
+spread out, tumbled stiffly after us. So near were we, indeed, that my
+head came against the coxswain's foot with a crack that made my teeth
+rattle. Blow and all, I was the first afoot again; for Hands had got
+involved with the dead body. The sudden canting of the ship had made the
+deck no place for running on; I had to find some new way of escape, and
+that upon the instant, for my foe was almost touching me. Quick as
+thought I sprang into the mizzen shrouds, rattled up hand over hand, and
+did not draw a breath till I was seated on the crosstrees.
+
+I had been saved by being prompt; the dirk had struck not half a foot
+below me, as I pursued my upward flight; and there stood Israel Hands
+with his mouth open and his face upturned to mine, a perfect statue of
+surprise and disappointment.
+
+Now that I had a moment to myself, I lost no time in changing the
+priming of my pistol, and then, having one ready for service, and to
+make assurance doubly sure, I proceeded to draw the load of the other,
+and recharge it afresh from the beginning.
+
+My new employment struck Hands all of a heap; he began to see the dice
+going against him; and after an obvious hesitation, he also hauled
+himself heavily into the shrouds, and, with the dirk in his teeth, began
+slowly and painfully to mount. It cost him no end of time and groans to
+haul his wounded leg behind him; and I had quietly finished my
+arrangements before he was much more than a third of the way up. Then,
+with a pistol in either hand, I addressed him.
+
+"One more step, Mr. Hands," said I, "and I'll blow your brains out! Dead
+men don't bite, you know," I added, with a chuckle.
+
+He stopped instantly. I could see by the working of his face that he was
+trying to think, and the process was so slow and laborious that, in my
+new-found security, I laughed aloud. Then with a swallow or two, he
+spoke, his face still wearing the same expression of extreme perplexity.
+In order to speak he had to take the dagger from his mouth, but, in all
+else, he remained unmoved.
+
+"Jim," says he, "I reckon we're fouled, you and me, and we'll have to
+sign articles. I'd have had you but for that there lurch: but I don't
+have no luck, not I; and I reckon I'll have to strike, which comes hard,
+you see, for a master mariner to a ship's younker like you, Jim."
+
+I was drinking in his words and smiling away, as conceited as a cock
+upon a wall, when, all in a breath back went his right hand over his
+shoulder. Something sang like an arrow through the air; I felt a blow
+and then a sharp pang, and there I was pinned by the shoulder to the
+mast. In the horrid pain and surprise of the moment--I scarce can say it
+was by my own volition, and I am sure it was without a conscious
+aim--both my pistols went off, and both escaped out of my hands. They
+did not fall alone; with a choked cry, the coxswain loosed his grasp
+upon the shrouds, and plunged head first into the water.
+
+
+     Stevenson was not one of the men who can write only one sort of
+     thing. The numerous little poems contained in the first volume of
+     this series show his sympathetic knowledge of children, while his
+     essays prove that he could handle serious subjects in a most
+     masterly manner. The extract from _Treasure Island_ which you have
+     just been reading displays his skill in still another field--the
+     writing of stories of pure adventure.
+
+     One of the striking things in all Stevenson's writings is his power
+     of vivid description, his ability to make us see things. Nor does
+     he make us wait while he gives us page-long descriptions; he
+     suggests pictures to us with a few words. It may be safely said of
+     descriptions, when they are part of a story, that those which are
+     given in the fewest words, if those few words are the right ones,
+     are most effective. Stevenson fully grasped this fact, and that is
+     the reason he is able to bring all his scenes before us so vividly,
+     without wearying our patience.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[352-1] From _Treasure Island_.
+
+
+
+
+JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER[381-1]
+
+_By_ GRACE E. SELLON
+
+
+Near the town of Haverhill, Massachusetts, in the old homestead of his
+father's family, the poet John Greenleaf Whittier was born December 17,
+1807. Like all the other children who generation after generation had
+come to live in this Quaker dwelling, he was brought up in simple,
+useful ways, and was early given his full share of the duties about the
+farm. No matter how sharply the cold of the harsh New England winter
+pierced his homespun clothes, the snow must be shoveled from the paths,
+firewood must be brought, the stalls in the barn must be littered, and,
+worst task of all for him, seven cows must be milked. Yet there was
+plenty of fun to be had, too. When the snow fell so heavily that it
+blocked all the roads and closed in tightly about the house, the two
+Whittier boys found it exciting work to dig their way to the outside
+world.
+
+When the early twilight fell and passed into night, the boys with their
+sisters joined the group gathered about the great hearth, and there
+listened to stories of Indians, witches and Christian martyrs, and to
+many another weird or adventurous tale told by the older members of the
+family. While they were being thus entertained, the blaze of the red
+logs went roaring up the chimney,
+
+    "The house-dog on his paws outspread
+    Laid to the fire his drowsy head,
+    The cat's dark silhouette on the wall
+    A couchant tiger's seemed to fall;
+    And, for the winter fireside meet,
+    Between the andirons' straddling feet,
+    The mug of cider simmered slow,
+    The apples sputtered in a row,
+    And, close at hand, the basket stood
+    With nuts from brown October's wood."
+
+All too soon this pleasant time came to an end, and the boys must go to
+their bare, unheated room upstairs. There, the poet has written,
+
+    "Within our beds awhile we heard
+    The wind that round the gables roared,
+    With now and then a ruder shock,
+    Which made our very bedsteads rock.
+    We heard the loosened clapboards tost,
+    The board-nails snapping in the frost;
+    And on us, through the unplastered wall,
+    Felt the lightsifted snowflakes fall;
+    But sleep stole on, as sleep will do
+    When hearts are light and life is new;
+    Faint and more faint the murmurs grew,
+    Till in the summer-land of dreams
+    They softened to the sound of streams.
+    Low stir of leaves, and dip of oars,
+    And lapsing waves on quiet shores."
+
+In the warm season, though there was much to do in helping plant and
+harvest the crops, there were good times to be had in climbing to the
+top of Job's hill, next to the house, where the friendly oxen were
+pastured, or in gathering berries or nuts, or in watching the birds,
+bees and squirrels as they worked or played about their homes. It was
+these delights of his childhood that the poet was calling to
+remembrance when he wrote _The Barefoot Boy_, which may be found
+elsewhere in these volumes.
+
+[Illustration: WHITTIER'S BIRTHPLACE]
+
+Probably there are few country lads to-day who know so little as did the
+Whittier boys of the common sights and pleasures of city life. The
+strict Quaker belief regarding children's amusement barred them from
+most of the enjoyment familiar to the young people in the great world
+that lay beyond their home. So little were they acquainted with the
+forbidden attractions at the circus that one time when President Monroe
+visited Haverhill, Greenleaf (as the poet was known in his home),
+looking next day for traces of the presence of the great man, whom he
+had not been allowed to see, came upon the tracks of an elephant that
+had been in town with a traveling menagerie, and in his ignorance
+believed that these were the footsteps of the famous visitor. The
+theater, so the children were taught, was to be shunned as a place of
+wickedness. Once when Greenleaf was visiting in Boston he was asked to
+go to a play by a lady whom he met in the home where he was staying.
+When he found that the lady was an actress, he became so much afraid of
+being led into sinful ways that, not daring to remain longer, he started
+off at once for home.
+
+Though young Whittier was a wide-awake boy and eager to learn, there was
+only the district school, held for a few weeks each winter, for him to
+attend. Yet an opportunity was not lacking for bringing to light his
+poetic gift. One of his schoolmasters, who lived for part of the term in
+the Whittier home, used to read to the family from various interesting
+books, and one night chose for their entertainment a volume of Burns's
+poems. As the lines of the much-loved Scotch poet fell from the reader's
+lips, the young boy listened as he had never before listened in his
+life. His own power awakened and responded warmly to that of the older
+poet. From that hour, whether he was at home or at school, he found
+great pleasure in writing verses, which he often showed to his young
+friends. Thus it was that his older sister Mary was able, all unknown to
+him, to send off one of his poems to the Newburyport _Free Press_. When
+the paper containing the verses came, the young poet read the lines over
+and over again, almost too dazed to recognize them as his own. This
+contribution was followed by another made to the same paper. By this
+time the editor's interest had been so much aroused that, learning from
+the postman of the author's whereabouts, he traveled to Haverhill to
+visit him. This editor was no other than William Lloyd Garrison, who
+later became famous as a leader of the cause of abolition. He urged
+strongly that the boy's education be continued. Perhaps his words would
+have counted for nothing, however, had it not been that somewhat later
+the editor of the Haverhill _Gazette_, in which some of young Whittier's
+verses had been published, entreated the boy's parents to send him to
+the new Haverhill Academy. His father's consent having been gained,
+Greenleaf learned from a man who worked on the farm how to make
+slippers, and thus he became able to pay his own expenses during a term
+at the Academy. By teaching school in the winter, and by helping to keep
+the books of a Haverhill merchant, he was able to provide for a second
+term. Thus was completed his regular schooling.
+
+In the meanwhile his friend Garrison had kept an eye on him, and at the
+close of 1825 secured for him the editorship of _The American
+Manufacturer_, a weekly magazine published in Boston. Young Whittier
+entered with great interest into the work, contributing articles on
+politics and temperance as well as numerous poems. Though he received
+only nine dollars a week, he was able, when called back to Haverhill in
+1829, by his father's illness, to give about one half of what he had
+earned to help remove the mortgage on the farm.
+
+He remained at home until his father's death in 1830, editing for a time
+the Haverhill _Gazette_ and sending to the _New England Review_, of
+Hartford, Connecticut, various poems and articles. So much favor did
+these find with the editor, George D. Prentice, that he invited the
+young writer to fill his position during a temporary absence. The offer
+was highly complimentary, for the _Review_ was the principal political
+journal in Connecticut supporting Henry Clay. However, Whittier was well
+prepared for the work, for he had become acquainted with the leaders and
+with the chief interests of the Whig party while editing the
+_Manufacturer_, and was himself an enthusiastic follower of Clay. His
+common sense and shrewd but kindly reading of human nature, united with
+a high sense of honor and justice, enabled him to fill this responsible
+position with marked success until his failing health forced him to give
+it up in January, 1832.
+
+There was much reason for Whittier to look for success in political
+life, for his editorial work had made him widely known as a man of sane
+and practical views, and he was so highly regarded in the district where
+he lived that had he reached the required age of twenty-five, he would
+in all probability have been made a candidate for Congress in 1832. Thus
+it was that although he had published more than a hundred favorably
+received poems between 1828 and 1832, he wrote in the latter year: "My
+prospects are too good to be sacrificed for any uncertainty. I have done
+with poetry and literature."
+
+A far nobler mission, however, and greater usefulness than he could have
+planned for himself lay before Whittier. It was not political success
+that was to draw forth the greatness of his nature. The strong and
+fearless interest with which his friend Garrison had begun to champion
+the abolition of slavery in the United States appealed to him, he felt
+with all his heart that the cause was right, and, closing his eyes to
+the bright promise of political success, he chose to unite himself with
+the scorned and mistreated upholders of freedom. After thorough
+consideration and study, he wrote and published in 1833 the pamphlet
+_Justice and Expediency_, in which he set forth fully the arguments
+against slavery. This was the first of his strong and stirring protests
+against oppression. From that time until the close of the Civil War his
+fervent, fearless love of liberty voiced itself through ringing verses,
+in constant appeals to the conscience of the nation. The greatness of
+this influence, as it worked silently in men's hearts, who can estimate?
+
+[Illustration: JOHN GREENLEAF WHITTIER
+1807-1892]
+
+Whittier's part in the anti-slavery struggle was not always a quiet one.
+On one occasion, when in company with a famous but unpopular English
+reformer he was to address an audience on the subject of abolition, he
+was attacked by a mob while passing quietly along the street with a
+friend, and narrowly escaped being tarred and feathered. Somewhat later
+he was set upon in another town by a crowd armed with sticks and stones
+and other missiles, from which he fled with more haste than dignity. It
+was while he was editor of the _Freeman_ that Pennsylvania Hall, where
+the Philadelphia Abolitionists held their meetings, was burned by a mob,
+and the papers from Whittier's editorial room in this building were used
+to help start the blaze.
+
+In 1836 the farm at Haverhill had been sold, and a cottage was bought in
+Amesbury near the Quaker meetinghouse. It was in this quiet place, under
+the loving care of his mother and sister, that Whittier made his home
+after resigning his position with the _Freeman_. These two women were in
+their way as unselfishly devoted to the cause of freedom as was the poet
+himself, for they encouraged his loyalty and bore privation
+uncomplainingly. In the darkest hour of their need, when it seemed as if
+their home must be mortgaged, Whittier was invited to become a
+contributor to the _Atlantic Monthly_, then being founded, and thus the
+long period of want was brought to an end.
+
+After the death of his mother, in the following year (1858), Whittier's
+association with his sister Elizabeth became even closer than before,
+though they had always shared each other's hopes and interests with
+unusual sympathy and understanding. When she died, in 1864, it seemed to
+him that part of his life had gone with her. It was with this grief
+still fresh in his mind that he wrote the best known of his poems,
+_Snow-Bound, A Winter Idyl_, in which he pictures in the most simple and
+lifelike manner the quiet loveliness of his childhood home. With
+especial tenderness he tells of the much-loved sister, and lets his
+mingled grief and hope of reunion be seen:
+
+    "As one who held herself a part
+    Of all she saw, and let her heart
+      Against the household bosom lean,
+    Upon the motley-braided mat
+    Our youngest and our dearest sat,
+    Lifting her large, sweet, asking eyes,
+    Now bathed within the fadeless green
+    And holy peace of Paradise.
+    Oh, looking from some heavenly hill,
+      Or from the shade of saintly palms,
+      Or silver reach of river calms,
+    Do those large eyes behold me still?
+    With me one little year ago:--
+    The chill weight of the winter snow
+      For months upon her grave has lain;
+    And now, when summer south-winds blow,
+      And brier and harebell bloom again,
+    I tread the pleasant paths we trod,
+    I see the violet-sprinkled sod,
+    Whereon she leaned, too frail and weak,
+    The hillside flowers she loved to seek,
+    Yet following me where'er I went
+    With dark eyes full of love's content.
+    The birds are glad; the brier-rose fills
+    The air with sweetness; all the hills
+    Stretch green to June's unclouded sky;
+    But still I wait with ear and eye
+    For something gone which should be nigh,
+    A loss in all familiar things,
+    In flower that blooms, and bird that sings.
+    And yet, dear heart! remembering thee,
+      Am I not richer than of old?
+    Safe in thy immortality,
+      What change can reach the wealth I hold?
+      What chance can mar the pearl and gold
+    Thy love hath left in trust with me?
+    And while in life's late afternoon
+      Where cool and long the shadows grow,
+    I walk to meet the night that soon
+      Shall shape and shadow overflow,
+    I cannot feel that thou art far,
+    Since near at need the angels are;
+    And when the sunset gates unbar,
+      Shall I not see thee waiting stand,
+    And, white against the evening star,
+      The welcome of thy beckoning hand?"
+
+After the death of Elizabeth Whittier, the Amesbury home was cared for
+by the poet's niece. During the remaining years of his life Whittier
+passed his time here or in the country. He lived in comparative comfort,
+for the publication of _Snow-Bound_ in 1866 had brought very good
+returns. These were years of great peace, in which he remained actively
+interested in the affairs of the nation, yet liked most to dwell upon
+the beauty of nature and especially upon the thought of God's goodness
+that must triumph over all the evil in the world. _Among the Hills_ and
+the collections _Tent on the Beach_ and _At Sundown_ were produced in
+the last period; but his religious poems seem best to represent his
+thought and feeling in the closing years. From these were taken the
+beautiful verses _At Last_, read as the poet passed away from earth,
+September 7, 1892.
+
+Though Whittier remained throughout his life a Quaker not only in dress
+and speech but in belief and character, yet with his quietness and
+quaint simplicity was blended no severity nor gloom. He had a great love
+of fun, which alone can account for his mischievous habit of teasing,
+and for his keeping such pets as the little bantam rooster that aroused
+the household each morning with its crowing, and the parrot "Charlie"
+that swore when excited, stopped the horses in the street with its cries
+of "whoa," and nipped the ankles of unwary visitors. Then, too, he was
+always attractive to children, and often preferred their society to that
+of older people. But above all else, with each succeeding year he became
+more just and compassionate towards others. The kindliness of his nature
+was untouched by the sorrow and sickness that he bore. "Love--love to
+all the world," he would often repeat in his last years, and the sweet
+influence of the benediction is felt by all who read his life and works:
+
+    "Best loved and saintliest of our singing train,
+    Earth's noblest tributes to thy name belong.
+    A lifelong record closed without a stain,
+    A blameless memory shrined in deathless song."[390-2]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[381-1] The poetical quotations given in this article are from
+_Snow-Bound_.
+
+[390-2] From an ode written by Oliver Wendell Holmes upon the death of
+Whittier.
+
+
+
+
+WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
+
+
+Plain indeed was the little home among the hills of Western
+Massachusetts, near the town of Cummington, where was born on November
+3, 1794, the first great American poet, William Cullen Bryant. His
+father was a physician of scholarly tastes, and his mother, though not
+highly educated, was a woman of much practical wisdom. Both parents were
+kind and affectionate, but followed the custom of that time in treating
+their children with a strictness unknown to American boys and girls of
+to-day. Even small acts of disrespect or disobedience were promptly
+punished, and to aid in the work of correction the Bryant home as well
+as that of almost every neighbor was provided with a good-sized bundle
+of birch sticks hanging warningly on the kitchen wall. As the poet
+himself tells us in a sketch of his early life, the children looked upon
+the older people of the family with so much awe that they could not go
+to them freely nor act naturally in their presence.
+
+This severity in his home must have made young Bryant, who was by nature
+grave and thoughtful, even more serious. Then, too, his mental powers
+developed with surprising quickness, so that by the time he had reached
+his teens, he was thinking and expressing himself upon subjects usually
+discussed by men rather than boys. Having begun to write verses when
+only nine years old, he had had enough practice in this kind of exercise
+to compose when thirteen years of age a satirical poem addressed to
+President Jefferson, because of his part in passing the Embargo Act by
+which New England commerce had been greatly injured. These verses were
+published and met with a ready sale. But far more remarkable as an early
+expression of genius was _Thanatopsis_, written several months before
+Bryant's eighteenth birthday. This poem deals with the subject of death
+with such deep thoughtfulness and in such a stately and powerful style
+that although it did not appear until six years later, it was even then
+believed to have been written by the poet's father, who had sent it to
+the publisher.
+
+Though he was thoughtful beyond his years and had shown unusual poetic
+power, young Bryant was in other ways quite an ordinary boy. He was
+quiet and studious in the school room, but was active enough in the
+games played outside. Of the sports enjoyed by himself and the other
+boys of the district school, he writes: "We amused ourselves with
+building dams across the rivulet, and launching rafts made of old boards
+on the collected water; and in winter, with sliding on the ice and
+building snow barricades, which we called forts, and, dividing the boys
+into two armies, and using snowballs for ammunition, we contended for
+the possession of these strongholds. I was one of their swiftest runners
+in the race, and not inexpert at playing ball, but, being of a slight
+frame, I did not distinguish myself in these sieges." Sometimes, on long
+evenings, Cullen and his elder brother Austin would play that they were
+the heroes of whom they had read in the _Iliad_, and, fitted out with
+swords and spears and homemade armor, they would enact in the barn the
+great battles of the Trojan War.
+
+[Illustration: WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
+1794-1878]
+
+Not only the _Iliad_, but other carefully chosen works of literature
+were discovered by the boy in his father's library, and he read widely
+and well. It proved that this reading had to take the place of a much
+hoped-for course at college. After attending Williams College for only
+two terms, he left there, expecting to enter Yale, but was forced to
+give up his plan, owing to his father's inability to supply him with the
+necessary means. He did not let this great disappointment overcome him,
+however, but a few months later began the study of law, with the result
+that in 1815 he was admitted to the bar.
+
+It is a fact well worth noting that at the very beginning of his career
+as a lawyer, on the day when he was walking from his home to the little
+village where he was to start his practice, having learned, in his doubt
+and loneliness, a great lesson in faith, he wrote the beautiful poem
+that shows his genius at its best, and probably more than any other made
+him famous, the ode _To a Waterfowl_.
+
+When a little boy, he had prayed, in his simple way, that he might be a
+great poet, and though he had outgrown the prayer, his desire was
+unchanged. More than this, he had now produced two works that
+undoubtedly showed genius. It is not surprising, then, that in a few
+years a literary career was opened to him and he was able to give up the
+law, for which he had no especial liking.
+
+In 1825, after his marriage to a Miss Fairchild of Great Barrington, he
+removed from that town to New York. There he became editor of the _New
+York Review_ and _Athenaeum Magazine_; and a year later he accepted the
+position of assistant editor of the _Evening Post_, a newspaper with
+which he remained for the rest of his life, assuming in 1829 the office
+of editor-in-chief. Though his contributions to this paper were not a
+poet's work, they enabled him to unite his literary power with his deep
+interest in the political concerns of the country, and for many years to
+help direct public opinion during the most critical periods in the
+history of the new nation. More than this, while steadily provided with
+a good income he could spend his leisure hours among the quiet country
+scenes where he found inspiration for his greatest works, his simple
+nature poems.
+
+The busy years of his life as a journalist were several times
+interrupted by travel. Besides visiting Mexico, Cuba and various parts
+of the United States, he made six voyages to Europe, and on the fourth
+extended the journey to Egypt and the Holy Land. His _Letters of a
+Traveller_ and _Letters from the East_ tell of the impressions he
+received in these countries.
+
+Besides translating the _Iliad_ and the _Odyssey_ and writing the two
+fairy stories in verse, _Sella_ and _The Little People of the Snow_,
+Bryant undertook no poetic work of any length. The poems for which his
+name is most honored are the little lyrics in which the calm and beauty
+of nature tell us of truths that never change. Among these, some that
+are best liked by readers both young and old are _The Yellow Violet_,
+_The Fringed Gentian_, _A Forest Hymn_, _The Planting of the Apple
+Tree_, _Robert of Lincoln_, _The Gladness of Nature_, _March_ and _To a
+Waterfowl_.
+
+These poems, when studied, are sure to reveal the simplicity and
+sincerity not only of Bryant's love for nature, but of his character as
+a man. They show the freedom from affectation that marks alike his
+writings and his everyday life. He followed almost sternly his high
+ideals both of moral right and literary correctness, and this has made
+him seem somewhat cold and formal. But probably all who can read most
+clearly the meaning of his life and works feel that so true-hearted a
+man could not have been lacking in warm and generous kindliness.
+
+
+
+
+TO A WATERFOWL
+
+_By_ WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT
+
+
+     NOTE.--"He says in a letter that he felt, as he walked up the
+     hills, very forlorn and desolate indeed, not knowing what was to
+     become of him in the big world, which grew bigger as he ascended,
+     and yet darker with the coming on of night. The sun had already
+     set, leaving behind it one of those brilliant seas of chrysolite
+     and opal which often flood the New England skies; and, while he was
+     looking upon the rosy splendor with rapt admiration, a solitary
+     bird made wing along the illuminated horizon. He watched the lone
+     wanderer until it was lost in the distance, asking himself whence
+     it had come and to what far home it was flying. When he went to the
+     house where he was to stop for the night, his mind was still full
+     of what he had seen and felt, and he wrote these lines, as
+     imperishable as our language, _To a Waterfowl_."--Parke Godwin, in
+     Biography of Bryant.
+
+
+[Illustration: THY FIGURE FLOATS ALONG]
+
+        Whither, 'midst falling dew,
+    While glow the heavens with the last steps of day,
+    Far through their rosy depths dost thou pursue
+        Thy solitary way?
+
+        Vainly the fowler's eye
+    Might mark thy distant flight to do thee wrong,
+    As, darkly painted on the crimson sky,
+        Thy figure floats along.
+
+        Seek'st thou the plashy brink
+    Of weedy lake, or marge of river wide,
+    Or where the rocking billows rise and sink
+        On the chafed ocean side?
+
+        There is a Power whose care
+    Teaches thy way along that pathless coast--
+    The desert and illimitable air--
+        Lone wandering, but not lost.
+
+        All day thy wings have fanned,
+    At that far height, the cold, thin atmosphere,
+    Yet stoop not, weary, to the welcome land,
+        Though the dark night is near.
+
+        And soon that toil shall end;
+    Soon shalt thou find a summer home and rest,
+    And scream among thy fellows; reeds shall bend,
+        Soon, o'er thy sheltered nest.
+
+        Thou'rt gone, the abyss of heaven
+    Hath swallowed up thy form; yet on my heart
+    Deeply hath sunk the lesson thou hast given,
+        And shall not soon depart.
+
+        He who, from zone to zone,
+    Guides through the boundless sky thy certain flight,
+    In the long way that I must tread alone,
+        Will lead my steps aright.
+
+
+
+
+OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES
+
+_By_ GRACE E. SELLON
+
+
+Besides giving to the United States her great president, Abraham
+Lincoln, the year 1809 also bestowed upon us one of the most gifted and
+warmly esteemed of American authors, Oliver Wendell Holmes. It was in a
+pleasant home in Cambridge, not far from the great university in which
+he was to serve ably for so many years, that Holmes was born. His mother
+was a bright and sociable little woman, well liked for her lively ways
+and quick sympathy, and his father, though a grave and scholarly man,
+was of a kindly nature. Both parents were descended from families that
+were looked upon as among the best in New England, and this became a
+matter of no little pride to their son.
+
+The old colonial house where his boyhood and youth were spent contained
+a well-chosen library. Here, he has written, "he bumped about among
+books from the time when he was hardly taller than one of his father's
+or grandfather's folios." Yet he did not read many of these volumes
+thoroughly. He liked to "read _in_ books rather than _through_ them" and
+would hunt out a paragraph here and there that especially pleased and
+satisfied him. The collections of sermons were always passed by, the
+lives of pious children met with the same neglect, and even _The
+Pilgrim's Progress_ seemed to picture the world as such a cruel,
+gloomy place that this great book too was shunned.
+
+[Illustration: OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES
+1809-1894]
+
+The truth was that, being a lively and cheerful boy, he rebelled against
+the dark and fear-awakening religion preached by his father, a
+Congregational minister, discussed by visiting pastors and taught in
+many of the books that he avoided in the library. He seemed to know by
+instinct which of the clergymen who called at his father's home were
+kindly and friendly, and which of them looked on children as "a set of
+little fallen wretches," and for the forlorn looks and solemn ways of
+the latter he had an especial dislike. "Now and then," he has written,
+"would come along a clerical visitor with a sad face and a wailing
+voice, which sounded exactly as if somebody must be lying dead upstairs,
+who took no interest in us children, except a painful one, as being in a
+bad way with our cheery looks, and did more to unchristianize us with
+his woebegone ways than all his sermons were like to accomplish in the
+other direction." In fact, he might have pleased his father by becoming
+a minister if a certain preacher that he knew had not, to use his own
+words, "looked and talked so like an undertaker."
+
+But the dreary sermons, the visits of the long-faced clergymen and the
+drill in the Catechism were only shadows that came and went. Most of the
+time young Holmes was as light-hearted a boy as was to be found in all
+New England. He liked best of all to go hunting, carrying on such trips
+an old gun of the kind used in the Revolution. A good many of his hours
+at home were spent in working with tools, and thus he became skilful
+enough to carve out of wood a skate on which he learned to travel about
+on the ice. He was active and industrious at school, too, and he made
+such a good record there that though he whispered a great part of the
+time he got along peaceably with the school-master. The only serious
+troubles that he had came from two great fears. Many times after he had
+gone to bed at night he would be awakened by ghosts or evil spirits
+mysteriously roaming through the house. Perhaps he was ashamed to tell
+of this dread to his mother or father, and so the foolish belief that
+there might be ghosts about stayed with him through boyhood. His other
+fear was of the doctor's visits. In helpless terror he would look on
+while the old physician pronounced his doom and began to measure out the
+bitter medicine.
+
+In his fifteenth year Holmes left the school at Cambridgeport to attend
+Phillips Academy, at Andover, and in the following year, 1825, entered
+Harvard College. During his four years at Harvard he took quite as
+active an interest in the social life of the college as in his classes.
+He joined the society known as the Knights of the Square Table, and at
+the lively meetings of the club, where wine and wit passed freely about
+the table, he was introduced to a kind of gayety undreamed of in his
+quiet home. In a humorous description of himself, given at this time in
+a letter to a former classmate at Andover, he writes:
+
+"I, then, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Junior in Harvard University, am a
+plumeless biped of the height of exactly five feet three inches when
+standing in a pair of substantial boots made by Mr. Russell of this
+town, having eyes which I call blue, and hair which I do not know what
+to call.... Secondly, with regard to my normal qualities, I am rather
+lazy than otherwise, and certainly do not study as hard as I ought to. I
+am not dissipated and I am not sedate, and when I last ascertained my
+college rank, I stood in the humble situation of seventeenth scholar."
+
+After graduating from Harvard, Holmes entered the Dane Law School at
+Cambridge. He did not feel at all sure, however, that he wished to be a
+lawyer, and at the end of a year he had so far lost interest in his
+studies that he gave them up. As the physician's calling seemed much
+more to his liking, he took two courses of study in a private school of
+medicine. This preparation was not, of course, sufficient to fit him for
+a larger practice, so a trip to Europe where he could study under the
+great professors of the School of Medicine at Paris became necessary.
+Accordingly, his parents, at some sacrifice to themselves, provided him
+with the required means, and he set sail from New York in the spring of
+1833.
+
+During the two years spent abroad, Holmes gave himself up wholly to his
+chosen study. "I am more and more attached every day to the study of my
+profession.... I am occupied from morning to night, and as every one is
+happy when he is occupied, I enjoy myself as much as I could wish," he
+wrote home. This period of hard work, however, was interrupted by summer
+vacations spent in the countries along the Rhine, in England and in
+Italy.
+
+Early in 1836, the young physician established himself in Boston.
+Perhaps it was that people thought him too much of a wit to take their
+troubles seriously, or perhaps it was that he was better fitted to
+teach than to practice the doctor's art. At any rate, his success was
+very moderate. He was very glad, then, to be appointed Professor of
+Anatomy at Dartmouth College in 1838, a position that he held until
+1840. About this time, too, he received prizes for some _Medical Essays_
+that are even to-day regarded as valuable. Thus he was gradually fitting
+himself for the honorable office offered him in 1847, that of Professor
+of Anatomy and Physiology in the Medical School of Harvard University.
+For thirty-five years Holmes filled this position with the greatest
+success. He was given the fifth hour in the day as his lecture period
+because he was the only one able to hold the attention of students who
+had already been listening to four long and difficult lectures. He
+enlivened the dry subject with funny stories, droll comparisons and
+interesting descriptions, teaching while he entertained.
+
+In 1840 the young doctor had married Amelia Lee Jackson, daughter of a
+highly respected Boston family. His wife was of so gentle and tactful a
+nature that their home was always a well-ordered and pleasant place of
+rest for the busy doctor, where unwelcome visitors and other annoyances
+were not allowed to take his time. Yet he was never too much occupied to
+find pleasure in what interested his wife and his three children.
+
+During all these years when the profession of medicine had been of chief
+concern to him, and even before he had begun his medical studies, he had
+occasionally written poems that won a good deal of praise from friends,
+but brought no widespread notice. From his very earliest years he could
+feel very keenly and remember the melody of verse. "The low, soft chirp
+of the little bird heard in the nest, while his mother is brooding over
+him," he has written, "lives in his memory, I doubt not, through all the
+noisy carols of the singing season; so I remember the little songs my
+mother sang to me when I was old enough to run about, and had not
+outgrown the rhymes of the nursery." He enjoyed writing poems for the
+yearly meetings held by his college class long after their graduation,
+and he made several contributions to the Harvard _Collegian_. Just once
+in these early years had his fame traveled far, and that was the
+occasion when he wrote _Old Ironsides_. The frigate _Constitution_ that
+had served the country so well was to be done away with as a useless
+vessel. Learning of this, Holmes penned in haste the stanzas that
+stirred the nation's feelings and saved the old boat from destruction.
+
+It came, then, as a surprise to the American people, when upon the
+founding of the _Atlantic Monthly_ in 1857, the name of Holmes was
+signed to the articles that probably were most popular of all published
+in that magazine, to which the greatest literary men in the country were
+contributing. _The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table_, was the title of
+the delightful series of humorous essays in which the author seemed
+really to be talking to his readers. A sort of story bound the numbers
+together. In the fourth issue appeared, perhaps, the best poem written
+by Holmes--_The Chambered Nautilus_. This was a favorite with him and
+was one of those poems of which he said: "I did not write it, but it was
+written through me," for he believed it to be a work of inspiration.
+
+_The Autocrat_, which is Holmes' greatest work, was followed by two
+similar but inferior series, _The Professor at the Breakfast Table_ and
+_The Poet at the Breakfast Table_. Between the last two series he had
+published in 1861 his novel _Elsie Venner_, followed in 1867 by _The
+Guardian Angel_, and in 1885 by _A Mortal Antipathy_. The first of these
+novels is considerably the best, but none of them ranks high, for they
+all deal with unusual people who because of weird inherited traits of
+mind are forced to go through strange if not impossible experiences.
+
+Still another kind of writing was attempted by Holmes. In 1878 he
+completed a biography of his intimate friend, the historian Motley, and
+in 1884 wrote a life of Emerson. These are not, however, among his best
+productions. _Over the Teacups_, similar to the _Breakfast Table_
+papers, appeared in 1890, and was his last important work.
+
+In 1886, accompanied by his daughter, he spent four months in Europe,
+chiefly in England. The warm welcome and high honor given him by the
+English people were very gratifying to the aged professor. He was always
+at his best when talking, and so brilliant and easy was his wit that had
+not politeness forbidden he could have entertained a roomful of people
+during a whole evening. This fact as well as his literary achievements
+made him popular everywhere.
+
+On the occasion when he received a degree of honor from Cambridge
+University, the young collegemen greeted him by singing at the tops of
+their voices a song of "Holmes, sweet Holmes;" and on a similar occasion
+at Oxford one of the students, making good use of the title of a poem
+especially known to Holmes' young readers, asked from the gallery
+whether the Doctor had come in the "One-Hoss Shay." It is likely that
+the worthy old gentleman was quite as pleased with this hearty good will
+as with the more dignified tributes received during his memorable visit.
+
+After 1890, Holmes wrote only occasionally. Yet he continued to take his
+usual walks and to answer a part of his large correspondence, leaving
+the rest to a secretary. Now and then he would go to a concert or to a
+dinner among friends, and in other ways he showed himself remarkably
+active. In fact, he had not become feeble in mind or body when death
+quietly came to him, October 7th, 1894.
+
+Though the brightness of his wit makes Holmes one of the most
+entertaining of writers it is his deep kindness that gives to what he
+has written an even greater power and attractiveness. More than all
+else, he tried both in his writings and in his everyday living to drive
+away the shadows of all kinds of suffering, and to share with others the
+cheerfulness of his own genial nature.
+
+    "Long be it ere the table shall be set
+    For the last breakfast of the Autocrat,
+    And love repeat with smiles and tears thereat
+    His own sweet songs that time shall not forget."[405-1]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[405-1] Whittier's ode on the eightieth birthday of Holmes.
+
+
+
+
+THE CUBES OF TRUTH
+
+_By_ OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES
+
+
+Listen, Benjamin Franklin.[406-1] This is for you, and such others of
+tender age as you may tell it to.
+
+When we are as yet small children, long before the time when those two
+grown ladies offer us the choice of Hercules,[406-2] there comes up to
+us a youthful angel, holding in his right hand cubes like dice, and in
+his left spheres like marbles. The cubes are of stainless ivory, and on
+each is written in letters of gold--TRUTH. The spheres are veined and
+streaked and spotted beneath, with a dark crimson flush above where the
+light falls on them and in a certain aspect you can make out upon every
+one of them the three letters, L, I, E.
+
+The child to whom they are offered very probably clutches at both. The
+spheres are the most convenient things in the world; they roll with the
+least possible impulse just where the child would have them. The cubes
+will not roll at all; they have a great talent for standing still, and
+always keep right side up. But very soon the young philosopher finds
+that things which roll so easily are very apt to roll into the wrong
+corner, and to get out of his way when he most wants them, while he
+always knows where to find the others, which stay where they are left.
+
+Thus he learns--thus we learn--to drop the streaked and speckled globes
+of falsehood, and to hold fast the white angular blocks of truth. But
+then comes Timidity, and after her Good-nature, and last of all
+Polite-behaviour, all insisting that truth must _roll_, or nobody can do
+anything with it; and so the first with her coarse rasp, and the second
+with her broad file, and the third with her silken sleeve, do so round
+off and smooth and polish the snow-white cubes of truth, that, when they
+have got a little dingy by use, it becomes hard to tell them from the
+rolling spheres of falsehood.
+
+The schoolmistress[407-3] was polite enough to say that she was pleased
+with this, and that she would read it to her little flock the next day.
+But she should tell the children, she said, that there were better
+reasons for truth than could be found in mere experience of its
+convenience, and the inconvenience of lying.
+
+Yes--I said--but education always begins through the senses, and works up
+to the idea of absolute right and wrong. The first thing the child has
+to learn about this matter is, that lying is unprofitable--afterwards,
+that it is against the peace and dignity of the universe.
+
+
+     1. What does the stainless ivory in the cubes indicate?
+
+     2. What is the meaning of the veins, streaks, and spots and the
+     dark crimson flush in the spheres?
+
+     3. Are the letters L, I, E, always visible? Does this mean that
+     lies are not always known to be lies to the person who tells them,
+     or that they may deceive the person to whom they are told?
+
+     4. Does Dr. Holmes mean to imply that it is natural for a little
+     child to lie when he says that the spheres are the most convenient
+     things in the world?
+
+     5. What does Dr. Holmes mean when he says that the spheres are apt
+     to roll into the wrong corner?
+
+     6. How does Timidity teach a child to lie? How does Good-nature
+     lead him to lie? What are some of the "polite lies" that help to
+     make the cubes roll?
+
+     7. Which cuts most deeply a substance upon which it is rubbed--a
+     rasp, a file, or a silken sleeve?
+
+     8. Which causes the most lies, Timidity, Good-nature or
+     Polite-behavior?
+
+     9. Do you think the schoolmistress is right? If so, what better
+     reasons are there for telling the truth than mere convenience and
+     the inconvenience of lying?
+
+     10. What do you understand by "against the peace and dignity of the
+     universe?"
+
+     11. Do you think the schoolmistress would agree with the Autocrat
+     in his last statement as to the way in which children are taught
+     the difference between right and wrong?
+
+     12. Do you think if a child is first taught that lying is
+     unprofitable he will without further assistance learn that lying is
+     wrong in itself?
+
+     13. Do you gain from the whole selection the idea that all lies,
+     even the polite lies of society and the common and apparently
+     harmless lies of business life, are always and wholly wrong?
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[406-1] _The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table_ is the most famous and the
+best of the prose works of Oliver Wendell Holmes. It consists of a
+series of rambling talks on a great variety of subjects, addressed to
+the people who sit at his table in a boarding house. Holmes himself is
+the "Autocrat," and his sparkling talks are full of wit and wisdom.
+Among those who regularly sit at the Autocrat's table is a schoolboy,
+whom he calls Benjamin Franklin, and to whom he tells this beautiful
+story of the Cubes of Truth.
+
+[406-2] When the old Greek hero, Hercules, was a youth, and nearing
+manhood, two women appeared to him, both offering beautiful gifts. One
+of the women was Duty, the other Pleasure. Hercules chose to accept the
+gifts of Duty and to follow her. The opportunity to make this choice did
+not come till he was old enough to understand. In Holmes' beautiful
+allegory the cubes and spheres are presented long before that time, even
+in early childhood.
+
+[407-3] The schoolmistress is one of the most lovable of the characters
+introduced by Mr. Holmes into _The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table_. At
+first she appears only at intervals, but in the book her love story and
+her marriage to the Autocrat afford the chief interest.
+
+
+
+
+THE LOST CHILD
+
+_By_ JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL
+
+
+    I wandered down the sunny glade
+      And ever mused, my love, of thee;
+    My thoughts, like little children, played,
+      As gayly and as guilelessly.
+
+[Illustration: DOWN THE SUNNY GLADE]
+
+    If any chanced to go astray,
+      Moaning in fear of coming harms,
+    Hope brought the wanderer back alway,
+      Safe nestled in her snowy arms.
+
+    From that soft nest the happy one
+      Looked up at me and calmly smiled;
+    Its hair shone golden in the sun,
+      And made it seem a heavenly child.
+
+    Dear Hope's blue eyes smiled mildly down.
+      And blest it with a love so deep,
+    That, like a nursling of her own,
+      It clasped her neck and fell asleep.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL
+
+_By_ GRACE E. SELLON
+
+
+Down the street, about a mile from the center of Cambridge,
+Massachusetts, stands a square, three-story colonial dwelling house,
+sheltered by pines and great English elms and surrounded by flowering
+shrubs. In this home, for many years known as Elmwood, the great
+American poet and essayist was born February 22, 1819, and it was here
+that he lived during the greater part of his life. In the woods and
+meadows that lay about Elmwood in the poet's childhood he spent much
+time, for he liked especially to be out-of-doors; and so it was that in
+his earliest years he began to feel the great love for flowers, birds
+and trees that made him able in later life to show to the readers of his
+poems how much beauty there is in the very commonest things of nature.
+
+However, all of the things he liked were not out-of-doors. In his
+father's library were more than three thousand books, and he began when
+only a small boy to choose for himself favorite authors. He seems to
+have been unusually fond of books, for in a little note written when he
+was eight years old,--his first letter, so far as any one knows,--he
+tells his brother, "I read French stories," and adds in a postscript, "I
+have got three books." The next year, in a letter to the same brother he
+writes, "I have got quite a library."
+
+After learning his letters and other simple things at an elementary
+school, Lowell was sent when about nine years old to a higher school,
+where he was thoroughly taught Latin, and otherwise prepared for his
+entrance into Harvard College in 1834. He was then only fifteen years of
+age, yet he had such decided tastes in his studies that he was not
+always willing to give attention to the work required in his college
+courses, but would follow his own inclinations in his reading. The
+result was, that though he gained such a reputation among his
+class-mates for appreciation of literature and ability in original
+composition that he was made one of the editors of _Harvardiana_, the
+college paper, and was chosen in his senior year to write the class
+poem, yet he was looked upon with growing disapproval by his
+instructors, because of his irregular ways. At length, it is told, he
+completely disgraced himself, on the day he was chosen class poet, by
+rising at the close of the evening prayer service and bowing solemnly to
+right and left. As punishment for this and all preceding misconduct, he
+was sent to Concord to continue his studies under a private teacher, and
+was not allowed to return to Harvard until after classday. Nevertheless,
+he wrote his poem and later had it printed, for his friends, in a little
+pamphlet.
+
+[Illustration: JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL
+1819-1891]
+
+After receiving his degree from Harvard in 1838, Lowell decided upon the
+law as the profession most suitable for him to follow, for at that time
+a literary career in the United States held out no assurance of a
+living, even to the best writers. In the preceding year he had written
+to his intimate friend Shackford: "I thought your brother Charles was
+studying law. I intend to study that myself, and probably shall be Chief
+Justice of the United States." This modest prediction, however, was not
+to be fulfilled, for after completing a course at the Harvard Law School
+in 1840 and practicing with but slight interest and success for two
+years, he gave up the law for a more congenial occupation.
+
+His letters to his confidants "Shack" and Loring during the years at
+college show his aspiration to become a poet. He reports from time to
+time his progress in verse making and comments more or less favorably on
+his "effusions." This writing of _pottery_--as it pleased him to call
+it--continued with more serious interest after his graduation, so that
+in 1840 he was ready to publish a volume of verse entitled "A Year's
+Life."
+
+The same year was marked by another event of special importance,--his
+engagement to Maria White, a young woman who was herself a poet and who
+was deeply interested in all the movements of thought that were making
+toward freedom and justice before the Civil War. Her influence upon
+Lowell was to strengthen greatly his confidence in his own best powers
+as a man and a poet and to help develop in him the broad, kind
+democratic feeling for his fellow-men that most endears him to his
+readers. This growth of the poet's character seems the more remarkable
+when it is considered that his father, a Unitarian minister, was a man
+who, though most generous and well-meaning in his regard for others, was
+well enough content with conditions in his country to feel little
+sympathy with the reforms then being urged for securing fuller liberty
+and equality. In his new enthusiasm Lowell turned away from the
+influence of his younger days and became devoted to the cause of
+abolition.
+
+In 1842, after abandoning the law, he founded a magazine, _The Pioneer_,
+which, however, was issued only three times. After this unsuccessful
+venture he went back to his poetry, and late in 1843 published a second
+volume of verse. In the following year appeared his first critical
+studies in prose, _Conversations on Some of the Old Poets_. This work,
+like most of the first book of poems, Lowell found in later life to be
+unworthy of reprinting.
+
+The income from his writings, though small, was sufficient for him to
+marry in 1844; and not long after this event he became a regular
+contributor to the _Anti-Slavery Standard_. In this appeared the first
+series of the _Biglow Papers_, in which, through vigorous prose and
+verse, largely in the Yankee dialect of Hosea Biglow, he protested
+against the evils that brought on the Mexican War. The collected numbers
+of the series were published in 1848 and shared the popularity of two
+other of Lowell's greatest works, produced in the same year,--the _Fable
+for Critics_ and _The Vision of Sir Launfal_, a beautiful narrative poem
+filled with the spirit of Christian brotherhood.
+
+It was not long after this that Lowell began to feel that his work as a
+writer for the abolitionist cause was narrowing in its effect. For
+"red-hot" reform he had no liking. It seemed to him that the hope of his
+cause lay not so much in treating others harshly as in living according
+to the high principles that the reformers professed. "The longer I
+live," he wrote, "the more am I convinced that the world must be healed
+by degrees. I see why Jesus came eating meat and drinking wine and
+companying with publicans and sinners. He preached the highest doctrine,
+but he lived the life of other men.... Let us sow the best seed we have
+... and convert other men by our crops, not by drubbing them with our
+hoes or putting them under our harrows." He decided, then, to take life
+in a more leisurely way and let the poetic power that he considered his
+best gift express itself freely.
+
+In 1851, accompanied by his wife and his two children, Lowell visited
+Europe. The months spent abroad gave him much wished-for opportunities
+for study and observation, but they were darkened by the death of his
+son Walter. Close upon this sorrow came the death of Mrs. Lowell in the
+following year (1853), after the return of the family to Elmwood. From
+that time for many months the poet could find relief from his keen sense
+of loss only in his literary work, and in the companionship of his
+daughter Mabel, the only one of his four children who had lived.
+
+Some lectures on the English poets given at the Lowell institute in
+1854-55 found so much favor with the authorities at Harvard College that
+soon afterward he was appointed to succeed Longfellow as professor of
+foreign languages and literatures. After a period of study in Europe, he
+assumed charge of classes at Harvard in 1856, and for sixteen years
+continued in this work, bringing to it with most remarkable success all
+the warmth and sincerity and broad scope of his own interest in the
+subjects that he taught. Not many months afterward he was still further
+honored by being given the editorship of the newly founded _Atlantic
+Monthly_, a position that he held until 1861. The year 1857 was made
+memorable also by his marriage to Miss Frances Dunlap, a much-valued
+friend and the governess of his daughter. In 1864 he became joint editor
+of the _North American Review_, and in this magazine continued the
+second series of the _Biglow Papers_, begun in the _Atlantic Monthly_,
+the series in which is expressed his finest power as a poet-patriot. Of
+the same excellence is the famous _Commemoration Ode_ written for
+memorial ceremonies held at Harvard College in honor of the students who
+had fallen during the war. Among other contributions to these
+periodicals were numerous studies of poets and poetry--essays that rank
+among the best of their kind. Thus did Lowell prove himself to possess a
+rare combination of the powers of original composition and of criticism.
+
+So ably had he served the best interests of his country through his
+writings, that in 1877 he was appointed Minister of the United States to
+Spain, and served here until 1880, when he was sent as Minister to
+England. These high trusts, it proved, had not been wrongly placed.
+Lowell's devotion to the truest American principles, together with his
+large experience in public affairs, made him a most successful diplomat.
+He was given high honors by British universities, and he made many
+friends in England.
+
+After his return to America in 1885 he withdrew gradually from his
+former active life. Occasionally he wrote and lectured, and several
+times he made trips to England where he always received a cordial
+welcome. It was in his much loved Elmwood that death came to him August
+12, 1891.
+
+Lowell was a man of wide learning, and has a prominent place in American
+literature for his exceptional critical ability and delightful wit, and
+for the artistic excellence of both his prose and poetry; but the secret
+of his power lies not so much in these things as in the sincerity and
+vigor of thought that rise above all bookishness, and in the warm human
+feeling that reached out for the love of his fellow-men rather than for
+fame and distinction. Probably that which most endears him to his
+countrymen is the quality he attributes to others in these words of
+admiration: "I am sure that both the President (Hayes) and his wife have
+in them that excellent new thing we call Americanism, which, I suppose,
+is that 'dignity of human nature' which the philosophers of the last
+century were always seeking and never finding, and which, after all,
+consists, perhaps, in not thinking yourself either better or worse than
+your neighbors by reason of any artificial distinction. As I sat behind
+them at the concert the other night, I was profoundly touched by
+the feelings of this kingship without mantle and crown from the
+property-room of the old world. Their dignity was in their very
+neighborliness, instead of in their distance." Certainly in the realm of
+American literature, there is no one better entitled than Lowell to this
+"kingship without mantle and crown."
+
+
+
+
+A CHILD'S THOUGHT OF GOD
+
+_By_ ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
+
+
+    They say that God lives very high,
+      But if you look above the pines
+    You cannot see our God, and why?
+
+    And if you dig down in the mines
+      You never see Him in the gold;
+    Though, from Him, all that's glory shines.
+
+    God is so good, He wears a fold
+      Of heaven and earth across His face--
+    Like secrets kept, for love, untold.
+
+    But still I feel that His embrace
+      Slides down by thrills, through all things made,
+    Through sight and sound of every place.
+
+    As if my tender mother laid
+      On my shut lids, her kisses' pressure,
+    Half-waking me at night, and said,
+      "Who kissed you through the dark, dear guesser?"
+
+
+
+
+ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
+
+
+Round the young life of Elizabeth Barrett was so much of illness and
+dreariness, that we have accustomed ourselves to thinking joy came to
+her only with her marriage, and we forget, often, that her childhood was
+not unhappy. Few children, it would seem, were ever born with greater
+promise of a bright life. Her father was wealthy and generous; she had
+brothers and sisters near her in age and congenial in tastes, and she
+was, at least, a fairly strong, active child.
+
+She was born on March 6, 1806, at Coxhoe Hall, in the county of Durham,
+and when she was but three years old, her father removed to Hope End, in
+Herefordshire. The estate which he purchased there was a beautiful one,
+and the house, with its Turkish windows and Oriental-looking
+decorations, was most picturesque. That the scenery which surrounded her
+in her youth made on Elizabeth an impression which remained with her all
+her life is shown clearly in various passages in her poems:
+
+        "Green the land is where my daily
+        Steps in jocund childhood played,
+        Dimpled close with hill and valley,
+        Dappled very close with shade;
+    Summer-snow of apple-blossoms running up from glade to glade."
+
+Of all the brothers and sisters, Elizabeth was her father's favorite,
+and he encouraged her constantly in her precocious studies and in her
+childish attempts at composition. Long before she was able to read Homer
+in the original, she came upon Pope's translation of the _Iliad_, and it
+took a rare hold upon her. She showed its influence and her own bent
+toward poetry by composing, before she was fourteen, an epic on the
+"Battle of Marathon," of which her father, to whom it was dedicated,
+thought so highly that he had it printed and circulated it among his
+friends. But she also showed the influence of her beloved _Iliad_ in a
+much more childish way, of which she has written delightfully in a poem
+called _Hector in the Garden_. A great flower bed, roughly shaped like a
+man and bordered about with turf, was made for her, and this she named
+after Hector, the Trojan hero and her great favorite.
+
+    "Eyes of gentianellas azure,
+    Staring, winking at the skies;
+    Nose of gillyflowers and box;
+    Scented grasses put for locks,
+    Which a little breeze at pleasure
+    Set a-waving round his eyes."
+
+    "Brazen helm of daffodillies,
+    With a glitter toward the light;
+    Purple violets for the mouth,
+    Breathing perfumes west and south;
+    And a sword of flashing lilies,
+    Holden ready for the fight."
+
+    "And a breastplate made of daisies,
+    Closely fitting, leaf on leaf;
+    Periwinkles interlaced
+    Drawn for belt about the waist;
+    While the brown bees, humming praises,
+    Shot their arrows round the chief."
+
+[Illustration: ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING
+1806-1861]
+
+It was natural enough that Elizabeth should have wanted to begin the
+study of Greek; and with the help of her father and of Mr. Boyd, a blind
+friend of her father's, she became a most proficient Greek scholar.
+
+When she was fifteen years old she met with an accident which deprived
+her in part of the out-of-door life and rambles which she had loved, and
+threw her more than ever upon her books for company. Impatient because a
+horse which she desired to ride was not ready just when she wanted it,
+she went out into the field and attempted to saddle it herself. She
+fell, with the saddle on top of her; and while this did not leave her
+the invalid she later became, it weakened her and made her an easy prey
+to the troubles which afterward came upon her.
+
+That Pope, as well as Homer, left his mark on Miss Barrett was shown by
+her first published volume, which was brought out when she was about
+twenty. It was entitled _An Essay on Mind, and Other Poems_, and the
+poem which gave its name to the book was quite after the manner of Pope.
+This poem, while remarkable for a girl of Miss Barrett's age, contained
+little freshness or originality, and she spoke of it afterwards as
+having been "long repented of as worthy of all repentance."
+
+In 1828 Mrs. Barrett died, and left Elizabeth, the eldest of the ten
+children, with much of the responsibility of the family. Since her death
+came before her daughter reached fame or began that voluminous
+correspondence from which have been gathered most of the facts of her
+life, little can be known of the mother's character, or of her influence
+on her daughter. That Miss Barrett was devotedly attached to her mother,
+however, is to be seen from a sentence in one of her letters. "Her
+memory," she says, "is more precious to me than any earthly blessing
+left behind!"
+
+The beloved home at Hope End was sold in 1832, owing, apparently to some
+fall in the family fortunes, and the Barretts removed to Sidmouth, in
+Devonshire. The life there was uneventful, as the life at Hope End had
+been. Miss Barrett, in writing later of herself, declared that "a bird
+in a cage would have as good a story." But she was by no means idle, for
+her Greek studies and her writing kept her busy and happy. While at
+Sidmouth, she brought out a translation of the _Prometheus Bound_ of
+AEschylus, a version with which she was so dissatisfied that she later
+replaced it, in her collected works, with another.
+
+For three years the Barretts lived at Sidmouth, and their removal to
+London, in 1835, made important changes in Elizabeth's life. Her health,
+never good since her fifteenth year, broke down, and from some date
+shortly after the arrival in London she became an apparently hopeless
+invalid, confined to her room and often to her bed. Some compensation
+for this confinement, however, she found in the new friends, few,
+indeed, but devoted and congenial, who were admitted to her sick room.
+Chief among these friends of her earlier London years were John Kenyon,
+a distant cousin, and Mary Russell Mitford, author of _Our Village_.
+Miss Mitford made the acquaintance of Miss Barrett in one of the
+latter's rare appearances in society, and she has left an account of the
+meeting and a description of Miss Barrett which is famous.
+
+"She was certainly one of the most interesting persons that I had ever
+seen. Everybody who then saw her said the same; so that it is not merely
+the impression of my partiality or my enthusiasm. Of a slight, delicate
+figure, with a shower of dark curls falling on either side of a most
+expressive face, large tender eyes, richly fringed by dark eyelashes, a
+smile like a sunbeam, and such a look of youthfulness that I had some
+difficulty in persuading a friend ... that the translatress of the
+_Prometheus_ of AEschylus, the authoress of the _Essay on Mind_, was old
+enough to be introduced into company,--in technical language, was
+'out.'"
+
+Although Miss Mitford was nineteen years older than Miss Barrett, the
+friendship which sprang up between them was most close, and lasted until
+Miss Mitford's death in 1855. Their correspondence was constant and
+voluminous, as was that, in fact, of Miss Barrett with all of her
+intimate friends. These letters of hers from her sick room are no more
+remarkable for number than for brightness and vivacity. Little mention
+is made of her ailments, except when her friends have specifically
+demanded news of her health, and the letters deal rather with literary
+than with other subjects. This was, of course, most natural; the invalid
+could have little news to communicate from her couch to her friends in
+the outer world. Her literary activity, too, increased, and she began to
+contribute to magazines poems of various kinds, which attracted much
+attention. Not all comment on them was favorable; the people declared
+that some of them were Sphinx-like--too difficult, if not impossible, of
+interpretation. But every one realized that here was a real poet, one of
+striking individuality, and, for a woman, most remarkable learning.
+
+By the autumn of 1838, her health had become so much worse that the
+doctor ordered removal to a warmer climate, and she was taken to
+Torquay, where she remained for three years. Her father and her brothers
+and sisters visited her there from time to time, but her constant
+companion was her brother Edward, who had all her life been her
+favorite. What little good Torquay seemed to be doing her was more than
+overbalanced by a tragedy which occurred in the summer of 1840. Her
+brother, with two of his friends, went for a sail in a small boat,
+intending to be absent only until evening. When they did not return,
+inquiry was set on foot, and it was learned that a small boat had been
+seen to founder in Babbicombe Bay. The fears caused by this report
+became certainty three days later, on the recovery of the bodies. The
+effect on Miss Barrett may be partially imagined. Not only had she lost
+her best-loved companion, but she was haunted by the morbid feeling that
+she had caused his death, since he had come to Torquay only to be with
+her. Twelve years afterward she wrote: "I have lived heart to heart with
+my husband these five years. I have never yet spoken out, in a whisper
+even, what is in me; never yet could find heart or breath; never yet
+could bear to hear a word of reference from his lips."
+
+Naturally her health suffered greatly from the shock, and it was thought
+that she could not possibly live more than a few months. Quite
+unexpectedly, however, she began to improve; it seemed that the desire
+to quit Torquay, which had grown unendurable to her since the tragedy,
+gave her strength of body. During the spring and summer of 1841 she was
+able to resume work on translations, compositions, plans for new poems.
+Indeed, it was this which saved her, for she wrote some time later to a
+friend--"I do believe I should be _mad_ at this moment, if I had not
+forced back the current of rushing recollections by work, work, work."
+
+After her return to London in the autumn of 1841, her life went on as
+before--or rather, stood still as before. From her couch she continued
+to send forth the poems which were bringing her ever-increasing fame,
+and the letters which were binding her friends closer to her. But an
+event was drawing nearer, which was from the first an event and not an
+episode in Miss Barrett's life. In January, 1845, we find her writing
+"And I had a letter from Browning the poet last night, which threw me
+into ecstasies--Browning, the author of _Paracelsus_, and the king of
+mystics;" and a little later she says, "I am getting deeper and deeper
+into correspondence with Robert Browning, poet and mystic, and we are
+growing to be the truest friends."
+
+Robert Browning had felt and expressed great admiration for Miss
+Barrett's poems and an allusion to himself in her _Lady Geraldine's
+Courtship_ gave him an excuse for addressing her. Their correspondence
+flourished, and they rapidly passed from regarding each other as mere
+acquaintances, to looking upon each other as friends. In fact, there
+seems to have been from the very first an almost mystical attraction
+between them. Miss Barrett might have contented herself all her life
+with this delightfully personal and literary correspondence, but
+Browning soon grew impatient and expressed his desire to see her. The
+admission of a new friend to Miss Barrett's room was at no time a thing
+to be undertaken lightly, so hedged about was she by the care of her
+family; and in this case she herself seems to have hesitated long before
+allowing Browning to call, for the very feminine reason that "there is
+nothing to see in me nor to hear in me." Had she known Browning better,
+she would have realized that his determination would carry him past all
+obstacles; and so, indeed, it did.
+
+On May 20, 1845, they met for the first time, and within a short time
+his friendship for her had ripened into love, and he asked her to marry
+him. She herself told, in a letter to a friend after her marriage, the
+story of her courtship.
+
+"He came, and with our personal acquaintance began his attachment for
+me, a sort of _infatuation_ call it, which resisted the various denials
+which were my plain duty at the beginning, and has persisted past them
+all. I began with the grave assurance that I was in an exceptional
+position and saw him just in consequence of it, and that if he ever
+recurred to that subject again, I never could see him again while I
+lived; and he believed me and was silent. To my mind, indeed, it was a
+bare impulse--a generous man of quick sympathies taking up a sudden
+interest with both hands."
+
+Browning was, as she said, silent, but he was not discouraged, and his
+letters, his visits, his flowers, at length convinced Miss Barrett that
+his feeling was something more than a "bare impulse."
+
+"So then," she continued, "I showed him how he was throwing into the
+ashes his best affections--how the common gifts of youth and
+cheerfulness were behind me--how I had not strength, even of _heart_,
+for the ordinary duties of life--everything I told him and showed him.
+'Look at this--and this--and this,' throwing down all my disadvantages.
+To which he did not answer by a single compliment, but simply that he
+had not then to choose, and that I might be right or he might be right,
+he was not there to decide; but that he loved me, and should to his last
+hour.* * * He preferred, he said, of free and deliberate choice, to be
+allowed to sit only an hour a day by my side, to the fulfilment of the
+brightest dream which should exclude me, in any possible world."
+
+What Robert Browning wanted so much, it was a foregone conclusion that
+he would have; and Miss Barrett was at last brought to consent to an
+engagement. But the difficulties were just begun. Mr. Barrett, adored as
+he was by his daughter, was more than a little tyrannical, especially
+with his favorite daughter. His family all well knew that he would never
+under any circumstances be brought to consent to the marriage of any of
+his children; and he had, moreover, in the case of Elizabeth, the
+appearance of reason on his side, in that she was, in the opinion of her
+family and of most of her medical advisers, a hopeless invalid, unfit to
+be moved. "A life passed between a bed and a sofa, and avoiding too
+frequent and abrupt transitions even from one to the other, was the only
+life she could expect on this earth." Browning believed otherwise, and
+events showed that he was right.
+
+In the autumn of 1845, the doctors advised that Miss Barrett be taken to
+Italy, declaring, in fact, that her life depended upon it. Some of her
+brothers or sisters could easily have accompanied her; there was no lack
+of money, and the journey was actually planned. For no apparent reason,
+however, Mr. Barrett refused his consent--said that his daughter should
+not leave his house. In vain the family argued; in vain a generous
+friend offered to accompany Miss Barrett, paying all expenses. He was
+brutally firm. Much hurt by this selfishness and disregard for her life,
+Miss Barrett promised Browning that if she lived through the winter and
+were no worse in the following year, she would marry him without her
+father's consent, for which they knew it was useless to ask.
+Accordingly, on September 12, 1846, she walked out of her father's
+house, accompanied only by her maid, was married and returned home. One
+week later she joined her husband, and they set out for Italy, their
+future home. Mr. Barrett never forgave his daughter, and his unrelenting
+anger was a deep sorrow to her, in the midst of her great life
+happiness.
+
+The Brownings went first to Pisa, and from there to Florence, which they
+afterward regarded as their home, though they made many excursions and
+spent seasons elsewhere. Mrs. Browning grew so much better that a friend
+said to her, "You are not _improved_, you are _transformed_;" and while
+she was never strong and was often very ill, she never again sank back
+to the state in which she had been before her marriage. The happiness
+which shows in her letters is wonderful. "As for me," she writes, "when
+I am so good as to let myself be carried upstairs, and so angelical as
+to sit still on the sofa, and so considerate, moreover, as _not_ to put
+my foot into a puddle, why _my_ duty is considered done to a perfection,
+which is worthy of all adoration." And again, "If I could open my heart
+to you in all seriousness, you would see nothing there but a sort of
+enduring wonder of happiness."
+
+Mrs. Browning, like her husband, loved Italy, and especially Florence,
+and many of her poems, notably the _Casa Guidi Windows_, deal with
+Italian subjects. Of the poems published after her marriage, however,
+none are more exquisite than the series of _Sonnets from the
+Portuguese_. These sonnets, which are not translations, and to which the
+name _From the Portuguese_ was given simply as a blind, describe her
+uncertainty and her joy in the love which was hers.
+
+In 1849 another joy came to her. On March 9th of that year a son, Robert
+Wiedeman Barrett Browning was born, and from that time on her letters,
+quite like the letters of any unliterary mother, are full of the
+wonderful doings of this child. Not that her interest in things literary
+flagged in the least; she read everything which the libraries of Italy
+afforded, or which her friends could send to her--novels, for which she
+confessed to a great liking; poems, political pamphlets, newspapers, all
+that came to her hand. Her longest and greatest poem, _Aurora Leigh_,
+was written during her Italian years. While the story of the poem is in
+no sense autobiographical, the heroine is in her beliefs and her ideals
+Mrs. Browning's self, and this was the poem by which she felt herself
+most willing to be judged.
+
+Broken by several trips to England and by excursions to the most
+beautiful parts of Italy, the years slipped by in uneventful happiness.
+Many friends visited the Brownings, and all came away wondering and
+delighted at the perfect family life they had been allowed to witness.
+Frail always, Mrs. Browning was spoken of by acquaintances in her later
+years as seeming "scarce embodied at all."
+
+In June, 1861, Mrs. Browning had an attack of bronchial trouble and on
+the night of the twenty-ninth, alone in the room with her husband, she
+died; and one writer says "none ever saw Browning upon earth again, but
+only a splendid surface." Mrs. Browning was buried at Florence, the city
+she had loved. Upon the wall of Casa Guidi, the building in which she
+had lived, the citizens, grateful for her love and understanding of
+them, placed a marble tablet in her memory.
+
+The wonderful thing about Elizabeth Barrett Browning is that from her
+weakness should have come poems of such strength. There was nothing
+morbid in the words which came from her hushed, darkened sick room.
+Indeed, her spirit was never tamed, and she herself confessed that one
+of her faults was "head-longness;" that she snatched parcels open
+instead of untying the string, and tore letters instead of cutting them.
+In Browning's poems, which contain numerous beautiful allusions to her,
+there is nothing more beautiful and more descriptive than the lines--
+
+    "O lyric love, half angel and half bird,
+    And all a wonder and a wild desire."
+
+
+
+
+DON QUIXOTE
+
+_By_ CERVANTES
+
+
+INTRODUCTORY NOTE
+
+Unlike many of his class, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, the greatest of
+the old Spanish writers, was born to a changeful and busy life. The year
+1547 marked his birth, and during the sixty-nine years of his life he
+was constantly in action.
+
+He served as a soldier in the war against the Turks, and at the Battle
+of Lepanto, where he lost the use of his left hand, and in other battles
+in which he took part, he showed great bravery and won a reputation of
+the highest kind. While returning in 1575 from Italy to Spain, he was
+captured by Algerian pirates and was sold in Algiers as a slave.
+Throughout his five years' captivity, he was constantly threatened with
+torture, but at no time did his courage fail him. Finally his widowed
+mother and his sister, helped by some of their friends, none of whom
+were by any means wealthy, succeeded in getting together sufficient
+money to ransom him, and immediately on his return to Spain he rejoined
+his old regiment.
+
+Cervantes had written verses before the beginning of his military
+career, but had won no name for himself. By 1583, however, he seems to
+have determined to devote the rest of his life to literature, and in
+that year he again began writing verses. For a number of years he earned
+his livelihood by writing for the stage, but few of his plays survive.
+
+In 1605 there appeared the first part of the work which made Cervantes
+famous, and which has kept his name before the world ever since. This
+was the inimitable _Don Quixote_, which gives the burlesque adventures
+of the self-styled "Knight of the Rueful Countenance." This book was not
+intended to satirize knight-errantry itself, for that had long before
+died out in Spain. What it did aim to do was to make ridiculous the
+romances of chivalry over which all Spain at the time of Cervantes
+seemed to have gone mad. How well Cervantes succeeded in his aim may be
+known from the fact that after the appearance of his masterpiece, no new
+romance of chivalry was published in Spain.
+
+The hero of this great work, Don Quixote, is presented as the most
+courteous and affable of gentlemen, wise on all points except those
+pertaining to chivalry. It was not only, however, the masterly drawing
+of the characters of Don Quixote and his squire, Sancho Panza, which
+made the book popular; the inexhaustible fund of humor has made it to
+the present day a book which every one delights to read.
+
+The following selections from _Don Quixote_ describe some of the typical
+adventures of the gallant "Knight of the Rueful Countenance," and will
+serve to give the reader an idea of the book.
+
+
+DON QUIXOTE PREPARES TO SET OUT ON HIS ADVENTURES
+
+In a village of La Mancha there lived not long since one of those
+gentlemen that keep a lance in the lance-rack, an old buckler, a lean
+hack, and a greyhound for coursing. An olla[433-1] of rather more beef
+than mutton, a salad on most nights, scraps on Saturdays, lentils on
+Fridays, and a pigeon or so extra on Sundays, made away with
+three-quarters of his income. The rest of it went in a doublet of fine
+cloth, and velvet breeches and shoes to match for holidays, while on
+week days he made a brave figure in his best homespun. He had in his
+house a housekeeper past forty, a niece under twenty, and a lad for the
+field and market-place, who used to saddle the hack as well as handle
+the bill-hook. The age of this gentlemen of ours was bordering on fifty,
+he was of a hardy habit, spare, gaunt-featured, a very early riser and a
+great sportsman. They will have it his surname was Quixada or Quesada
+(for here there is some difference of opinion among the authors who
+write on the subject), although from reasonable conjectures it seems
+plain that he was called Quixana. This, however, is of but little
+importance to our tale; it will be enough not to stray a hair's breadth
+from the truth in the telling of it.
+
+You must know, then, that the above-named gentleman whenever he was at
+leisure (which was mostly all the year round) gave himself up to
+reading books of chivalry with such ardor and avidity that he almost
+entirely neglected the pursuit of his field-sports, and even the
+management of his property; and to such a pitch did his eagerness and
+infatuation go that he sold many an acre of tillage-land to buy books of
+chivalry to read, and brought home as many of them as he could get.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In short, his wits being quite gone, he hit upon the strangest notion
+that ever madman in this world hit upon, and that was that he fancied it
+was right and requisite, as well for the support of his own honor as for
+the service of his country, that he should make a knight-errant of
+himself, roaming the world over in full armor and on horseback in quest
+of adventures, and putting in practice himself all that he had read of
+as being the usual practices of knights-errant; righting every kind of
+wrong, and exposing himself to peril and danger from which, in the
+issue, he was to reap eternal renown and fame. Already the poor man saw
+himself crowned by the might of his arm Emperor of Trebizond at least;
+and so, led away by the intense enjoyment he found in these pleasant
+fancies, he set himself forthwith to put his scheme into execution.
+
+The first thing he did was to clean up some armor that had belonged to
+his great-grandfather, and had been for ages lying forgotten in a corner
+eaten with rust and covered with mildew. He scoured and polished it as
+best he could, but he perceived one great defect in it, that it had no
+closed helmet, nothing but a simple morion.[434-2] This deficiency,
+however, his ingenuity supplied, for he contrived a kind of half-helmet
+of pasteboard which, fitted on to the morion, looked like a whole one.
+It is true that, in order to see if it was strong and fit to stand a
+cut, he drew his sword and gave it a couple of slashes, the first of
+which undid in an instant what had taken him a week to do. The ease with
+which he had knocked it to pieces disconcerted him somewhat, and to
+guard against that danger he set to work again, fixing bars of iron on
+the inside until he was satisfied with its strength; and then, not
+caring to try any more experiments with it, he passed it and adopted it
+as a helmet of the most perfect construction.
+
+He next proceeded to inspect his hack, which surpassed in his eyes the
+Bucephalus[435-3] of Alexander or the Babieca of the Cid.[435-4] Four
+days were spent in thinking what name to give him, because (as he said
+to himself) it was not right that a horse belonging to a knight so
+famous, and one with such merits of his own, should be without some
+distinctive name, and he strove to adapt it so as to indicate what he
+had been before belonging to a knight-errant, and what he then was; for
+it was only reasonable that, his master taking a new character, he
+should take a new name, and that it should be a distinguished and
+full-sounding one, befitting the new order and calling he was about to
+follow. And so, after having composed, struck out, rejected, added to,
+unmade, and remade a multitude of names out of his memory and fancy, he
+decided upon calling him Rocinante, a name, to his thinking, lofty,
+sonorous, and significant of his condition as a hack before he became
+what he was now, the first and foremost of all the hacks in the
+world.[436-5]
+
+Having got a name for his horse so much to his taste, he was anxious to
+get one for himself, and he was eight days more pondering over this
+point, till at last he made up his mind to call himself Don Quixote,
+whence, as has been already said, the authors of this veracious history
+have inferred that his name must have been beyond a doubt Quixada, and
+not Quesada as others would have it. Recollecting, however, that the
+valiant Amadis[436-6] was not content to call himself curtly Amadis and
+nothing more, but added the name of his kingdom and country to make it
+famous, and called himself Amadis of Gaul, he, like a good knight,
+resolved to add on the name of his, and to style himself Don Quixote of
+La Mancha, whereby, he considered, he described accurately his origin
+and country, and did honor to it in taking his surname from it.
+
+So then, his armor being furbished, his morion turned into a helmet, his
+hack christened, and he himself confirmed, he came to the conclusion
+that nothing more was needed now but to look out for a lady to be in
+love with; for a knight-errant without love was like a tree without
+leaves or fruit, or a body without a soul. As he said to himself, "If,
+for my sins, or by my good fortune, I come across some giant
+hereabouts, a common occurrence with knights-errant, and overthrow him
+in one onslaught, or cleave him asunder to the waist, or, in short,
+vanquish and subdue him, will it not be well to have some one I may send
+him to as a present, that he may come in and fall on his knees before my
+sweet lady, and in a humble, submissive voice say, 'I am the giant
+Caraculiambro, lord of the island of Malindrania, vanquished in single
+combat by the never sufficiently extolled knight Don Quixote of La
+Mancha, who has commanded me to present myself before your Grace, that
+your Highness dispose of me at your pleasure'?" Oh, how our good
+gentleman enjoyed the delivery of this speech, especially when he had
+thought of some one to call his Lady! There was, so the story goes, in a
+village near his own a very good-looking farm girl with whom he had been
+at one time in love, though, so far as is known, she never knew it nor
+gave a thought to the matter. Her name was Aldonza Lorenzo, and upon her
+he thought fit to confer the title of Lady of his Thoughts; and after
+some search for a name which should not be out of harmony with his own,
+and should suggest and indicate that of a princess and great lady, he
+decided upon calling her Dulcinea del Toboso--she being of El Toboso--a
+name, to his mind, musical, uncommon, and significant, like all those he
+had already bestowed upon himself and the things belonging to him.
+
+
+THE ADVENTURE OF THE WINDMILLS
+
+Upon the plain they came in sight of thirty or forty windmills, and as
+soon as Don Quixote saw them he said to his squire, "Fortune is
+arranging matters for us better than we could have shaped our desires
+ourselves, for look there, friend Sancho Panza,[438-1] where thirty or
+more monstrous giants present themselves, all of whom I mean to engage
+in battle and slay, and with whose spoils we shall begin to make our
+fortunes; for this is righteous warfare, and it is God's good service to
+sweep so evil a breed from off the face of the earth."
+
+"What giants?" said Sancho Panza.
+
+"Those thou seest there," answered his master, "with the long arms, and
+some have them nearly two leagues long."
+
+"Look, your worship," said Sancho, "what we see there are not giants but
+windmills, and what seem to be their arms are the sails that turned by
+the wind make the millstone go."
+
+"It is easy to see," replied Don Quixote, "that thou art not used to
+this business of adventures: those are giants; and if thou art afraid,
+away with thee out of this and betake thyself to prayer while I engage
+them in fierce and unequal combat."
+
+[Illustration: DON QUIXOTE TILTS WITH THE WIND MILLS]
+
+So saying, he gave the spur to his steed Rocinante, heedless of the
+cries his squire Sancho sent after him, warning him that most certainly
+they were windmills and not giants he was going to attack. He, however,
+was so positive they were giants that he neither heard the cries of
+Sancho, nor perceived, near as he was, what they were, but made at them
+shouting, "Fly not, cowards and vile beings, for it is a single knight
+that attacks you."
+
+A slight breeze at this moment sprang up, and the great sails began to
+move, seeing which Don Quixote exclaimed, "Though ye flourish more arms
+than the giant Briareus,[440-2] ye have to reckon with me."
+
+So saying, and commending himself with all his heart to his lady
+Dulcinea, imploring her to support him in such a peril, with lance in
+rest and covered by his buckler, he charged at Rocinante's fullest
+gallop and fell upon the first mill that stood in front of him; but as
+he drove his lance-point into the sail the wind whirled it round with
+such force that it shivered the lance to pieces, sweeping with it horse
+and rider, who went rolling over on the plain, in a sorry condition.
+Sancho hastened to his assistance as fast as his ass could go, and when
+he came up found him unable to move, with such a shock had Rocinante
+fallen with him.
+
+"God bless me!" said Sancho, "did I not tell your worship to mind what
+you were about, for they were only windmills? and no one could have made
+any mistake about it but one who had something of the same kind in his
+head."
+
+"Hush, friend Sancho," replied Don Quixote; "the fortunes of war more
+than any other are liable to frequent fluctuations; and moreover I
+think, and it is the truth, that some sage[440-3] turned these giants
+into mills in order to rob me of the glory of vanquishing them, such is
+the enmity he bears me; but in the end his wicked arts will avail but
+little against my good sword."
+
+"God order it as he may," said Sancho Panza, and helping him to rise got
+him up again on Rocinante, whose shoulder was half out; and then,
+discussing the late adventure, they followed the road to Puerto Lapice,
+for there, said Don Quixote, they could not fail to find adventure, as
+it was a great thoroughfare.
+
+Finally they passed the night among some trees, from one of which Don
+Quixote plucked a dry branch to serve him as a lance, and fixed on it
+the head he had removed from the broken one.
+
+
+MAMBRINO'S HELMET
+
+Rain fell in gentle drops, and Sancho was for going into the fulling
+mills,[441-1] but Don Quixote had taken such a disgust to them on
+account of the late joke that he would not enter them on any account; so
+turning aside to the right they came upon another road, different from
+that which they had taken the night before. Shortly afterwards Don
+Quixote perceived a man on horseback who wore on his head something that
+shone like gold, and the moment he saw him he turned to Sancho and said,
+"I think, Sancho, there is no proverb that is not true, all being maxims
+drawn from experience itself, the mother of all sciences, especially
+that one that says, 'Where one door shuts, another opens.' I say so
+because if last night fortune shut the door of the adventure we were
+looking for against us, cheating us with the fulling mills, it now opens
+wide another one for better and more certain adventure, and if I do not
+contrive to enter it, it will be my own fault, and I cannot lay it to my
+ignorance of fulling mills, or the darkness of the night. I say this
+because, if I mistake not, there comes toward us one who wears on his
+head the helmet of Mambrino,[442-2] concerning which I took the oath
+thou rememberest."
+
+"Mind what you say, your worship, and still more what you do," said
+Sancho, "for I don't want any more fulling mills to finish off fulling
+and knocking our senses out."
+
+"The devil take thee, man," said Don Quixote; "what has a helmet to do
+with fulling mills?"
+
+"I don't know," replied Sancho, "but, faith, if I might speak as I used,
+perhaps I could give such reasons that your worship would see you were
+mistaken in what you say."
+
+"How can I be mistaken in what I say, unbelieving traitor?" returned Don
+Quixote. "Tell me, seest thou not yonder knight coming towards us on a
+dappled gray steed, who has upon his head a helmet of gold?"
+
+"What I see and make out," answered Sancho, "is only a man on a gray ass
+like my own, who has something that shines on his head."
+
+"Well, that is the helmet of Mambrino," said Don Quixote; "stand to one
+side and leave me alone with him; thou shalt see how, without saying a
+word, I shall bring this adventure to an issue and possess myself of the
+helmet I have so longed for."
+
+"I will take care to stand aside," said Sancho; "but God grant, I say
+once more, that it may not be fulling mills again."
+
+"I have told thee, brother, on no account to mention those fulling mills
+to me again," said Don Quixote, "or I vow--and I say no more--I'll full
+the soul out of you."
+
+Sancho held his peace in dread lest his master should carry out the vow
+he had hurled like a bowl at him.
+
+The fact of the matter as regards the helmet, steed, and knight that Don
+Quixote saw, was this: In that neighborhood there were two villages, one
+of them so small that it had neither apothecary's shop, nor barber,
+which the other that was close to it had; so the barber of the larger
+served the smaller; and in it there was a sick man who required to be
+bled and another man who wanted to be shaved, and on this errand the
+barber was going, carrying with him a brass basin; but as luck would
+have it, as he was on the way it began to rain, and not to spoil his
+hat, which probably was a new one, he put the basin on his head, and
+being clean it glittered at half a league's distance. He rode upon a
+gray ass, as Sancho said, and this was what made it seem to Don Quixote
+to be a dapple-gray steed and a knight and a golden helmet; for
+everything he saw he made to fall in with his crazy chivalry and ill
+errant notions; and when he saw the poor knight draw near, without
+entering into any parley with him, at Rocinante's top speed he bore down
+upon him with the pike pointed low, fully determined to run him through
+and through, and as he reached him, without checking the fury of his
+charge, he cried to him, "Defend thyself, miserable being, or yield me
+of thine own accord that which is so reasonably my due."
+
+[Illustration: "DEFEND THYSELF, MISERABLE BEING!"]
+
+The barber, who without any expectation or apprehension of it saw this
+apparition coming down upon him, had no other way of saving himself from
+the stroke of the lance but to let himself fall off his ass; and no
+sooner had he touched the ground than he sprang up more nimbly than a
+deer and sped away across the plain faster than the wind.
+
+He left the basin on the ground, with which Don Quixote contented
+himself, saying that the pagan had shown his discretion and imitated the
+beaver, which finding himself pressed by the hunters bites and cuts off
+with its teeth that for which by its natural instinct, it knows it is
+pursued.
+
+He told Sancho to pick up the helmet, and he, taking it in his hands,
+said, "By God the basin is a good one, and worth a piece of eight[445-3]
+if it is worth a maravedi," and handed it to his master, who immediately
+put it on his head, turning it round, now this way, now that, in search
+of the visor. Not finding it he said, "Clearly the pagan to whose
+measure this famous headpiece was first forged must have had a very
+large head; but the worst of it is half of it is wanting."
+
+When Sancho heard him call the basin a headpiece he was unable to
+restrain his laughter, but remembering his master's wrath he checked
+himself in the midst of it.
+
+"What art thou laughing at, Sancho?" said Don Quixote.
+
+"I am laughing," said he, "to think of the great head the pagan must
+have had who owned this helmet, for it looks exactly like a regular
+barber's basin."
+
+"Dost thou know what I suspect, Sancho?" said Don Quixote; "that this
+wonderful piece of this enchanted helmet must by some strange accident
+have come into the hands of some one who was unable to recognize or
+realize its value, and who, not knowing what he did, and seeing it to
+be of the purest gold, must have melted down one half for the sake of
+what it might be worth, and of the other made this which is like a
+barber's basin, as thou sayest; but be it as it may, to me who recognize
+it, its transformation makes no difference, for I will set it to rights
+at the first village where there is a blacksmith, and in such style that
+that helmet the god of smithies[446-4] forged for the god of battles
+shall not surpass it or even come up to it; and in the meantime I will
+wear it as well as I can, for something is better than nothing; all the
+more as it will be quite enough to protect me from any chance blow of a
+stone."
+
+"Will your worship," said Sancho, "tell me what are we to do with this
+dapple-gray steed that looks like a gray ass, which that Martino[446-5]
+that your worship overthrew has left deserted here? for, from the way he
+took to his heels and bolted, he is not likely ever to come back for it;
+and by my beard but the gray is a good one."
+
+"I have never been in the habit," said Don Quixote, "of taking spoil of
+those whom I vanquish, nor is it the practice of chivalry to take away
+their horses and leave them to go on foot, unless indeed it be that the
+victor have lost his own in the combat, in which case it is lawful to
+take that of the vanquished as a thing won in lawful war; therefore,
+Sancho, leave this horse, or ass, or whatever thou wilt have it to be;
+for when its owner sees us gone hence he will come back for it."
+
+"God knows I should like to take it," returned Sancho, "or at least to
+change it for my own, which does not seem to me as good a one; verily
+the laws of chivalry are strict, since they cannot be stretched to let
+one ass be changed for another; I should like to know if I might at
+least change trappings."
+
+"On that head I am not quite certain," answered Don Quixote, "and the
+matter being doubtful, pending better information, I say thou mayest
+change them, if so be thou hast urgent need of them."
+
+"So urgent is it," answered Sancho, "that if they were for my own person
+I could not want them more;" and forthwith, fortified by this license,
+he effected the change, and rigged out his beast to the ninety-nines,
+making quite another thing of it. This done, they broke their fast on
+the remains of the spoils of war plundered from the sumpter mule, and
+drank of the brook that flowed from the fulling mills, without casting a
+look in that direction, in such loathing did they hold them for the
+alarm they had caused them; and, all anger and gloom removed, they
+mounted and, without taking any fixed road (not to fix upon any being
+the proper thing for true knights-errant), they set out, guided by
+Rocinante's will, which carried along with it that of his master, not to
+say that of the ass, which always followed him wherever he led, lovingly
+and sociably; nevertheless they returned to the high road, and pursued
+it at a venture without any other aim.
+
+
+DON QUIXOTE'S ENCOUNTER WITH THE LIONS
+
+When the author of this great history came to relate what is set down in
+this chapter he would have preferred to pass it over in silence, fearing
+it would not be believed, because here Don Quixote's madness reaches the
+confines of the greatest that can be conceived, and even goes a couple
+of bowshots beyond the greatest. But after all, though still under the
+same fear and apprehension, he has recorded it without adding to the
+story or leaving out a particle of the truth, and entirely disregarding
+the charges of falsehood that might be brought against him.
+
+When Don Quixote called Sancho to bring his helmet, Sancho was buying
+some curds the shepherds agreed to sell him, and flurried by the great
+haste his master was in did not know what to do with them or what to
+carry them in; so, not to lose them, for he had already paid for them,
+he thought it best to throw them into his master's helmet, and acting on
+this bright idea he went to see what his master wanted with him. He, as
+he approached, exclaimed to him, "Give me that helmet, my friend, for
+either I know little of adventures, or what I observe yonder is one that
+will, and does, call upon me to arm myself."
+
+He of the green gaban,[448-1] hearing this, looked in all directions,
+but could perceive nothing except a cart coming towards them with two or
+three small flags, which led him to conclude it must be carrying
+treasure of the King's, and he said so to Don Quixote. He, however,
+would not believe him, being always persuaded and convinced that all
+that happened to him must be adventures and still more adventures; so he
+replied to the gentleman, "He who is prepared has his battle half
+fought; nothing is lost by my preparing myself, for I know by experience
+that I have enemies, visible and invisible, and I know not when or
+where, or at what moment, or in what shapes they will attack me;" and
+turning to Sancho he called for his helmet; and Sancho, as he had no
+time to take out the curds, had to give it as it was.
+
+Don Quixote took it, and without perceiving what was in it, thrust it
+down in hot haste upon his head; but as the curds were pressed and
+squeezed the whey began to run all over his face and beard, whereat he
+was so startled that he cried out to Sancho, "Sancho, what's this? I
+think my head is softening, or my brains are melting, or I am sweating
+from head to foot! If I am sweating it is not indeed from fear. I am
+convinced beyond a doubt that the adventure which is about to befall me
+is a terrible one. Give me something to wipe myself with, if thou hast
+it, for this profuse sweat is blinding me."
+
+Sancho held his tongue, and gave him a cloth, and gave thanks to God at
+the same time that his master had not found out what was the matter. Don
+Quixote then wiped himself, and took off his helmet to see what it was
+that made his head feel so cool, and seeing all that white mash inside
+his helmet, he put it to his nose, and as soon as he had smelled it he
+exclaimed, "By the life of my lady Dulcinea del Toboso, but it is curds
+thou has put here, thou treacherous, impudent, ill-mannered squire!"
+
+To which, with great composure and pretended innocence, Sancho replied,
+"If they are curds let me have them, your worship, and I'll eat them;
+but let the devil eat them, for it must have been he who put them there.
+I dare to dirty your worship's helmet! You have guessed the offender
+finely! Faith, sir, by the light God gives me, it seems I must have
+enchanters too, that persecute me as a creature and limb of your
+worship, and they must have put that nastiness there in order to provoke
+your patience to anger, and make you baste my ribs as you are wont to
+do. Well, this time, indeed, they have missed their aim, for I trust to
+my master's good sense to see that I have got no curds or milk, or
+anything of the sort; and that if I had, it is in my stomach I would put
+it and not in the helmet."
+
+"May be so," said Don Quixote. All this the gentleman was observing, and
+with astonishment, more especially when, after having wiped himself
+clean, his head, face, beard, and helmet, Don Quixote put it on, and
+settling himself firmly in his stirrups, easing his sword in the
+scabbard, and grasping his lance, he cried, "Now come who will, here am
+I, ready to try conclusions with Satan himself in person!"
+
+By this time the cart with the flags had come up, unattended by any one
+except the carter on a mule, and a man sitting in front. Don Quixote
+planted himself before it and said, "Whither are you going, brothers?
+What cart is this? What have you got in it? What flags are those?"
+
+To this the carter replied, "The cart is mine; what is in it is a pair
+of fine caged lions, which the governor of Oran is sending to court as a
+present to his Majesty; and the flags are our lord the King's, to show
+that what is here is his property."
+
+"And are the lions large?" asked Don Quixote.
+
+"So large," replied the man who sat at the door of the cart, "that
+larger, or as large, have never crossed from Africa to Spain; I am the
+keeper, and I have brought over others, but never any like these. They
+are male and female; the male is in that first cage and the female in
+the one behind, and they are hungry now, for they have eaten nothing
+to-day, so let your worship stand aside, for we must make haste to the
+place where we are to feed them."
+
+Hereupon, smiling slightly, Don Quixote exclaimed, "Lion-whelps to me!
+to me whelps of lions, and at such a time! Then, by God! those gentlemen
+who send them here shall see if I am a man to be frightened by lions.
+Get down, my good fellow, and as you are the keeper open the cages, and
+turn me out those beasts, and in the midst of this plain I will let them
+know who Don Quixote of La Mancha is, in spite and in the teeth of the
+enchanters who send them to me."
+
+"So, so," said the gentleman to himself at this; "our worthy knight has
+shown of what sort he is; the curds, no doubt, have softened his skull
+and brought his brains to a head."
+
+At this instant Sancho came up to him, saying, "Senor, for God's sake do
+something to keep my master, Don Quixote, from tackling these lions; for
+if he does they'll tear us all to pieces here."
+
+"Is your master then so mad," asked the gentleman, "that you believe and
+are afraid he will engage such fierce animals?"
+
+"He is not mad," said Sancho, "but he is venturesome."
+
+"I will prevent it," said the gentleman; and going over to Don Quixote,
+who was insisting upon the keeper's opening the cages, he said to him,
+"Sir Knight, knights-errant should attempt adventures which encourage
+the hope of a successful issue, not those which entirely withhold it;
+for valor that trenches upon temerity savors rather of madness than of
+courage; moreover, these lions do not come to oppose you, nor do they
+dream of such a thing; they are going as presents to his Majesty, and it
+will not be right to stop them or delay their journey."
+
+"Gentle sir," replied Don Quixote, "you go and mind your tame partridge
+and your bold ferret, and leave every one to manage his own business;
+this is mine, and I know whether these gentlemen the lions come to me or
+not"; and then turning to the keeper he exclaimed, "By all that's good,
+sir scoundrel, if you don't open the cages this very instant, I'll pin
+you to the cart with this lance."
+
+The carter, seeing the determination of this apparition in armor, said
+to him, "Please your worship, for charity's sake, senor, let me unyoke
+the mules and place myself in safety along with them before the lions
+are turned out; for if they kill them on me I am ruined for life, for
+all I possess is this cart and mules."
+
+"O man of little faith," replied Don Quixote, "get down and unyoke; you
+will soon see that you are exerting yourself for nothing, and that you
+might have spared yourself the trouble."
+
+The carter got down and with all speed unyoked the mules, and the keeper
+called out at the top of his voice, "I call all here to witness that
+against my will and under compulsion I open the cages and let the lions
+loose, and that I warn this gentleman that he will be accountable for
+all the harm and mischief which these beasts may do, and for my salary
+and dues as well. You, gentlemen, place yourselves in safety before I
+open, for I know they will do me no harm."
+
+Once more the gentleman strove to persuade Don Quixote not to do such a
+mad thing, as it was tempting God to engage in such a piece of folly. To
+this, Don Quixote replied that he knew what he was about. The gentleman
+entreated him to reflect, for he knew he was under a delusion.
+
+"Well, senor," answered Don Quixote, "if you do not like to be a
+spectator of this tragedy, as in your opinion it will be, spur your
+flea-bitten mare and place yourself in safety."
+
+Hearing this, Sancho with tears in his eyes entreated him to give up an
+enterprise compared with which the one of the windmills, and the awful
+one of the fulling mills, and, in fact, all the feats he had attempted
+in the whole course of his life, were cakes and fancy bread. "Look ye,
+senor," said Sancho, "there's no enchantment here, nor anything of the
+sort, for between the bars and chinks of the cage I have seen the paw of
+a real lion, and judging by that I reckon the lion such a paw could
+belong to must be bigger than a mountain."
+
+"Fear, at any rate," replied Don Quixote, "will make him look bigger to
+thee than half the world. Retire, Sancho, and leave me; and if I die
+here thou knowest our old compact; thou wilt repair to Dulcinea--I say
+no more." To these he added some further words that banished all hope of
+his giving up his insane project. He of the green gaban would have
+offered resistance, but he found himself ill-matched as to arms, and did
+not think it prudent to come to blows with a madman, for such Don
+Quixote had shown himself to be in every respect; and the latter,
+renewing his commands to the keeper and repeating his threats, gave
+warning to the gentleman to spur his mare, Sancho his Dapple, and the
+carter his mules, all striving to get away from the cart as far as they
+could before the lions broke loose. Sancho was weeping over his master's
+death, for this time he firmly believed it was in store for him from the
+claws of the lions; and he cursed his fate and called it an unlucky hour
+when he thought of taking service with him again; but with all his tears
+and lamentations he did not forget to thrash Dapple so as to put a good
+space between himself and the cart. The keeper, seeing that the
+fugitives were now some distance off, once more entreated and warned Don
+Quixote as he had entreated and warned him before; but he replied that
+he heard him, and that he need not trouble himself with any further
+warnings or entreaties, as they would be fruitless, and bade him make
+haste.
+
+During the delay that occurred while the keeper was opening the first
+cage, Don Quixote was considering whether it would not be well to do
+battle on foot, instead of on horseback, and finally resolved to fight
+on foot, fearing that Rocinante might take fright at the sight of the
+lions; he therefore sprang off his horse, flung his lance aside, braced
+his buckler on his arm, and drawing his sword, advanced slowly with
+marvelous intrepidity and resolute courage, to plant himself in front of
+the cart, commending himself with all his heart, first to God, and then
+to his lady Dulcinea.
+
+[Illustration: THE LION PUT HIS HEAD OUT OF THE CAGE]
+
+The keeper, seeing that Don Quixote had taken up his position, and that
+it was impossible for him to avoid letting out the male without
+incurring the enmity of the fiery and daring knight, flung open the
+doors of the first cage, containing, as has been said, the lion, which
+was now seen to be of enormous size, and grim and hideous mien. The
+first thing he did was to turn round in the cage in which he lay, and
+protrude his claws, and stretch himself thoroughly; he next opened his
+mouth, and yawned very leisurely, and with near two palms'-length of
+tongue that he had thrust forth, he licked the dust out of his eyes and
+washed his face; having done this, he put his head out of the cage and
+looked all round with eyes like glowing coals, a spectacle and demeanor
+to strike terror into temerity itself. Don Quixote merely observed him
+steadily, longing for him to leap from the cart and come to close
+quarters with him, when he hoped to hew him in pieces.
+
+So far did his unparalleled madness go; but the noble lion, more
+courteous than arrogant, not troubling himself about silly bravado,
+after having looked all round, as has been said, turned about and
+presented his hind-quarters to Don Quixote, and very coolly and
+tranquilly lay down again in the cage. Seeing this, Don Quixote ordered
+the keeper to take a stick to him and provoke him to make him come out.
+
+"That I won't," said the keeper, "for if I anger him, the first he'll
+tear to pieces will be myself. Be satisfied, sir knight, with what you
+have done, which leaves nothing more to be said on the score of courage,
+and do not seek to tempt fortune a second time. The lion has the door
+open; he is free to come out or not to come out; but as he has not come
+out so far, he will not come out to-day. The greatness of your worship's
+courage has been fully manifested already; no brave champion, so it
+strikes me, is bound to do more than challenge his enemy and wait for
+him on the field; if his adversary does not come, on him lies the
+disgrace, and he who waits for him carries off the crown of victory."
+
+"That is true," said Don Quixote; "close the door, my friend, and let me
+have, in the best form thou canst, what thou hast seen me do, by way of
+certificate; to wit, that thou didst open for the lion, that I waited
+for him, that he did not come out, that I still waited for him, and that
+still he did not come out, and lay down again. I am not bound to do
+more; enchantments avaunt, and God uphold the right, the truth, and true
+chivalry! Close the door as I bade thee, while I make signals to the
+fugitives that have left us, that they may learn this exploit from my
+lips."
+
+The keeper obeyed, and Don Quixote, fixing on the point of his lance the
+cloth he had wiped his face with after the deluge of curds, proceeded to
+recall the others, who still continued to fly, looking back at every
+step, all in a body, the gentleman bringing up the rear. Sancho,
+however, happening to observe the signal of the white cloth, exclaimed,
+"May I die, if my master has not overcome the wild beasts, for he is
+calling to us."
+
+They all stopped, and perceived that it was Don Quixote who was making
+signals, and shaking off their fears to some extent, they approached
+slowly until they were near enough to hear distinctly Don Quixote's
+voice calling to them. They returned at length to the cart, and as they
+came up, Don Quixote said to the carter, "Put your mules to once more,
+brother, and continue your journey; and do thou, Sancho, give him two
+gold crowns for himself and the keeper, to compensate for the delay they
+have incurred through me."
+
+"That will I give with all my heart," said Sancho; "but what has become
+of the lions? Are they dead or alive?"
+
+The keeper, then described the end of the contest, exalting to the best
+of his power and ability the valor of Don Quixote, at the sight of whom
+the lion quailed, and would not and dared not come out of the cage,
+although he had held the door open ever so long; and showing how, in
+consequence of his having represented to the knight that it was tempting
+God to provoke the lion in order to force him out, which he wished to
+have done, he very reluctantly, and altogether against his will, had
+allowed the door to be closed.
+
+"What dost thou think of this, Sancho?" said Don Quixote. "Are there any
+enchantments that can prevail against true valor? The enchanters may be
+able to rob me of good fortune, but of fortitude and courage they can
+not."
+
+Sancho paid the crowns, the carter put to, the keeper kissed Don
+Quixote's hands for the bounty bestowed upon him, and promised to give
+an account of the valiant exploit to the King himself, as soon as he saw
+him at court.
+
+"Then," said Don Quixote, "if his Majesty should happen to ask who
+performed it, you must say The Knight of the Lions; for it is my desire
+that into this the name I have hitherto borne of Knight of the Rueful
+Countenance be from this time forward changed, altered, transformed, and
+turned."
+
+
+THE ADVENTURE OF THE ENCHANTED BARK
+
+Upon proceeding with their journey, they discovered a small boat,
+without oars or any other gear, that lay at the water's edge tied to the
+stem of a tree growing on the bank. Don Quixote looked all around, and
+seeing nobody, at once, without more ado, dismounted from Rocinante and
+bade Sancho get down from Dapple and tie both beasts securely to the
+trunk of a poplar or willow that stood there. Sancho asked him the
+reason of this sudden dismounting and tying. Don Quixote made answer,
+"Thou must know, Sancho, that this bark here is plainly, and without the
+possibility of any alternative, calling and inviting me to enter it, and
+in it go to give aid to some knight or other person of distinction in
+need of it, who is no doubt in some sore strait; for this is the way of
+the books of chivalry and of the enchanters who figure and speak in
+them. When a knight is involved in some difficulty from which he cannot
+be delivered save by the hand of another knight, though they may be at a
+distance of two or three thousand leagues or more one from the other,
+they either take him up on a cloud, or they provide a bark for him to
+get into, and in less than the twinkling of an eye they carry him where
+they will and where his help is required; and so, Sancho, this bark is
+placed here for the same purpose; this is as true as that it is now day,
+and ere this one passes tie Dapple and Rocinante together, and then in
+God's hand be it to guide us; for I would not hold back from embarking,
+though bare-footed friars were to beg me."
+
+"As that's the case," said Sancho, "and your worship chooses to give in
+to these--I don't know if I may call them absurdities--at every turn,
+there's nothing for it but to obey and bow the head, bearing in mind the
+proverb, 'Do as thy master bids thee, and sit down to table with him;'
+but for all that, for the sake of easing my conscience, I want to warn
+your worship that it is my opinion this bark is no enchanted one, but
+belongs to some of the fishermen of the river, for they catch the best
+shad in the world here."
+
+As Sancho said this, he tied the beasts, leaving them to the care and
+protection of the enchanters with sorrow enough in his heart. Don
+Quixote bade him not be uneasy about deserting the animals, for he who
+would carry themselves over such longinquous roads and regions would
+take care to feed them.
+
+"I don't understand that logiquous," said Sancho, "nor have I ever heard
+the word all the days of my life."
+
+"Longinquous," replied Don Quixote, "means far off; but it is no wonder
+thou dost not understand it, for thou art not bound to know Latin, like
+some who pretend to know it and don't."
+
+"Now they are tied," said Sancho; "what are we to do next?"
+
+"What?" said Don Quixote, "cross ourselves and weigh anchor; I mean,
+embark and cut the moorings by which the bark is held;" and jumping into
+it, followed by Sancho, he cut the rope, and the bark began to drift
+away slowly from the bank. But when Sancho saw himself somewhere about
+two yards out in the river, he began to tremble and give himself up for
+lost; but nothing distressed him more than hearing Dapple bray and
+seeing Rocinante struggling to get loose, and said he to his master,
+"Dapple is braying in grief at our leaving him, and Rocinante is trying
+to escape and plunge in after us. O dear friends, peace be with you, and
+may this madness that is taking us away from you, turned into sober
+sense, bring us back to you."
+
+And with this he fell weeping so bitterly, that Don Quixote said to him,
+sharply and angrily, "What art thou afraid of, cowardly creature? What
+art thou weeping at, heart of butter-paste? Who pursues or molests thee,
+thou soul of a tame mouse? What dost thou want, unsatisfied in the very
+heart of abundance? Art thou, perchance, tramping barefoot over the
+mountains, instead of being seated on a bench like an archduke on the
+tranquil stream of this pleasant river, from which in a short space we
+shall come out upon the broad sea? But we must have already emerged and
+gone seven hundred or eight hundred leagues; and if I had here an
+astrolabe to take the altitude of the pole, I could tell thee how many
+we have traveled, though either I know little, or we have already
+crossed or shall shortly cross the equinoctial line which parts the two
+opposite poles midway."
+
+"And when we come to that line your worship speaks of," said Sancho,
+"how far shall we have gone?"
+
+"Very far," said Don Quixote, "for of the three hundred and sixty
+degrees that this terraqueous globe contains, as computed by Ptolemy,
+the greatest cosmographer known, we shall have traveled one-half when we
+come to the line I spoke of."
+
+"By God," said Sancho, "your worship gives me a nice authority for what
+you say, putrid Dolly something transmogrified, or whatever it is."
+
+Don Quixote laughed at the interpretation Sancho put upon "computed,"
+and the name of the cosmographer Ptolemy.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"I can see with my own eyes," said Sancho, "that we have not moved five
+yards away from the bank, or shifted two yards from where the animals
+stand, for there are Rocinante and Dapple in the very same place where
+we left them; and watching a point, as I do now, I swear by all that's
+good, we are not stirring or moving at the pace of an ant."
+
+They now came in sight of some large water mills that stood in the
+middle of the river,[462-1] and the instant Don Quixote saw them he
+cried out to Sancho, "Seest thou there, my friend? there stands the
+city, castle, or fortress, where there is, no doubt, some knight in
+durance, or ill-used queen, or infanta, or princess, in aid of whom I am
+brought hither."
+
+"What the devil city, fortress, or castle is your worship talking about,
+senor?" said Sancho; "don't you see that those are mills that stand in
+the river to grind corn?"
+
+"Hold thy peace, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "though they look like mills
+they are not so; I have already told thee that enchantments transform
+things and change their proper shapes; I do not mean to say they really
+change them from one form into another, but that it seems as though they
+did, as experience proved in the transformation of Dulcinea, sole refuge
+of my hopes."
+
+By this time, the boat, having reached the middle of the stream, began
+to move less slowly than hitherto. The millers belonging to the mills,
+when they saw the boat coming down the river, and on the point of being
+sucked in by the draught of the wheels, ran out in haste, several of
+them, with long poles to stop it, and being all mealy, with faces and
+garments covered with flour, they presented a sinister appearance. They
+raised loud shouts, crying, "Devils of men, where are you going to? Are
+you mad? Do you want to drown yourselves, or dash yourselves to pieces
+among these wheels?"
+
+"Did I not tell thee, Sancho," said Don Quixote at this, "that we had
+reached the place where I am to show what the might of my arm can do?
+See what ruffians and villains come out against me; see what monsters
+oppose me; see what hideous countenances come to frighten us! You shall
+soon see, scoundrels!" And then standing up in the boat he began in a
+loud voice to hurl threats at the millers, exclaiming, "Ill-conditioned
+and worse-counselled rabble, restore to liberty and freedom the person
+ye hold in durance in this your fortress or prison, high or low or of
+whatever rank or quality he be, for I am Don Quixote of La Mancha,
+otherwise called the Knight of the Lions, for whom, by the disposition
+of Heaven above, it is reserved to give a happy issue to this
+adventure;" and so saying he drew his sword and began making passes in
+the air at the millers, who, hearing but not understanding all this
+nonsense, strove to stop the boat, which was now getting into the
+rushing channel of the wheels.
+
+[Illustration: SANCHO FELL ON HIS KNEES]
+
+Sancho, in very real despair, fell upon his knees devoutly appealing to
+Heaven to deliver him from such imminent peril; which it did by the
+activity and quickness of the millers, who, pushing against the boat
+with their poles, stopped it, not, however, without upsetting it and
+throwing Don Quixote and Sancho into the water; and lucky it was for Don
+Quixote that he could swim like a goose, though the weight of his armor
+carried him twice to the bottom; and had it not been for the millers,
+who plunged in and hoisted them both out, it would have been Troy town
+with the pair of them. As soon as, more drenched than thirsty, they were
+landed, Sancho went down on his knees and with clasped hands and eyes
+raised to heaven, prayed a long and fervent prayer to God to deliver him
+evermore from the rash projects and attempts of his master.
+
+The surprised fishermen, the owners of the boat, which the mill-wheels
+had knocked to pieces, now came up, and seeing it smashed they proceeded
+to strip Sancho and to demand payment for it from Don Quixote; but he
+with great calmness, just as if nothing had happened to him, told the
+millers and fishermen that he would pay for the bark most cheerfully, on
+condition that they delivered up to him, free and unhurt, the person or
+persons that were in durance in that castle of theirs.
+
+"What persons or what castle art thou talking of, madman?" said one of
+the millers; "art thou for carrying off the people who come to grind
+corn in these mills?"
+
+"That's enough," said Don Quixote to himself, "it would be preaching in
+the desert to attempt by entreaties to induce this rabble to do any
+virtuous action. In this adventure two mighty enchanters must have
+encountered one another, and one frustrates what the other attempts; one
+provided a bark for me, and the other upset me; God help us, this world
+is all machinations and schemes at cross purposes one with the other. I
+can do no more." And then turning towards the mills he said aloud,
+"Friends, whoe'er ye be that are immured in that prison, forgive me
+that, to my misfortune and yours, I cannot deliver you from your misery;
+this adventure is doubtless reserved and destined for some other
+knight."
+
+So saying he settled with the fishermen, and paid fifty reals for the
+boat, which Sancho handed to them very much against the grain, saying,
+"With a couple more bark businesses like this we shall have sunk our
+whole capital, which is none too large."
+
+The fishermen and the millers stood staring in amazement at the two
+figures, so very different to all appearance from ordinary men, and were
+wholly unable to make out the drift of the observations and questions
+Don Quixote addressed to them; and coming to the conclusion that they
+were madmen, they left them and betook themselves, the millers to their
+mills, and the fishermen to their huts.
+
+Whereupon Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, like a pair of senseless animals
+themselves, returned to the animals they had left, and thus ended the
+adventure of the enchanted bark.
+
+
+THE ADVENTURE OF THE WOODEN HORSE
+
+     NOTE.--Don Quixote and Sancho his squire, having encountered in a
+     forest a certain duke and his duchess, had been invited to pass
+     some time in the ducal palace. The duke and his friends, bent on
+     amusement, persuaded Don Quixote that a vile enchanter, angered at
+     some ladies, had for punishment caused heavy beards to grow on
+     their faces. They even showed him the ladies, impersonated, of
+     course, by men; and they persuaded him that the beards would be
+     removed if he, with his squire, would take a long ride on a famous
+     wooden horse, Clavileno.
+
+
+And now night came, and with it the appointed time for the arrival of
+the famous horse Clavileno, the non-appearance of which was already
+beginning to make Don Quixote uneasy, for it struck him that, as
+Malambruno[467-1] was so long about sending it, either he himself was
+not the knight for whom the adventure was reserved, or else Malambruno
+did not dare to meet him in single combat. But lo! suddenly there came
+into the garden four wild-men all clad in green ivy bearing on their
+shoulders a great wooden horse. They placed it on its feet on the
+ground, and one of the wild-men said, "Let the knight who has heart for
+it mount this machine."
+
+Here Sancho exclaimed, "I don't mount, for neither have I the heart nor
+am I a knight."
+
+"And let the squire, if he has one," continued the wild-man, "take his
+seat on the croup, and let him trust the valiant Malambruno; for by no
+sword save his, nor by the malice of any other, shall he be assailed.
+It is but to turn this peg the horse has in his neck, and he will bear
+them through the air to where Malambruno awaits them; but lest the vast
+elevation of their course should make them giddy, their eyes must be
+covered until the horse neighs, which will be the sign of their having
+completed their journey."
+
+With these words, leaving Clavileno behind them, they retired with easy
+dignity the way they came. As soon as the Distressed One[468-2] saw the
+horse, almost in tears she exclaimed to Don Quixote, "Valiant knight,
+the promise of Malambruno has proved trustworthy; the horse has come,
+our beards are growing, and by every hair in them we all of us implore
+thee to shave and shear us, as it is only mounting him with thy squire
+and making a happy beginning with your new journey."
+
+"That I will, Senora Countess Trifaldi," said Don Quixote, "most gladly
+and with right good will, without stopping to take a cushion or put on
+my spurs, so as not to lose time, such is my desire to see you,
+senora, and all these duennas shaved clean."
+
+"That I won't," said Sancho, "with good will or bad will or any way at
+all; and if this shaving can't be done without my mounting on the croup,
+my master had better look out for another squire to go with him, and
+these ladies for some other way of making their faces smooth; I'm no
+witch to have a taste for traveling through the air. What would my
+islanders say when they heard their governor was going strolling about
+on the winds?"[468-3]
+
+"Friend Sancho," said the duke at this, "the island that I have promised
+you is not a moving one, or one that will run away; it has roots so
+deeply buried in the bowels of the earth that it will be no easy matter
+to pluck it up or shift it from where it is; you know as well as I do
+that there is no sort of office of any importance that is not obtained
+by a bribe of some kind, great or small; well, then, that which I look
+to receive for this government is that you go with your master Don
+Quixote, and bring this memorable adventure to a conclusion; and whether
+you return on Clavileno as quickly as his speed seems to promise, or
+adverse fortune brings you back on foot traveling as a pilgrim from
+hostel to hostel and from inn to inn, you will always find your island
+on your return where you left it, and your islanders with the same
+eagerness they have always had to receive you as their governor, and my
+good will will remain the same; doubt not the truth of this, Senor
+Sancho, for that would be grievously wronging my disposition to serve
+you."
+
+"Say no more, senor," said Sancho; "I am a poor squire and not equal to
+carrying so much courtesy; let my master mount; bandage my eyes and
+commit me to God's care, and tell me if I may commend myself to our Lord
+or call upon the angels to protect me when we go towering up there."
+
+To this the Trifaldi[469-4] made answer, "Sancho, you may freely commend
+yourself to God or whom you will; for Malambruno, though an enchanter,
+is a Christian, and works his enchantments with great circumspection,
+taking very good care not to fall out with any one."
+
+"Well then," said Sancho, "God and the most holy Trinity give me help!"
+
+"Cover thine eyes, Sancho," said Don Quixote, "and mount; for one who
+sends for us from lands so far distant cannot mean to deceive us for the
+sake of the paltry glory to be derived from deceiving persons who trust
+in him; though all should turn out the contrary of what I hope, no
+malice will be able to dim the glory of having undertaken this exploit."
+
+"Let us be off, senor," said Sancho, "for I have taken the beards and
+tears of the ladies deeply to heart, and I shan't eat a bite to relish
+it until I have seen them restored to their former smoothness. Mount,
+your worship, and blindfold yourself, for if I am to go on the croup, it
+is plain the rider in the saddle must mount first."
+
+"That is true," said Don Quixote, and, taking a handkerchief out of his
+pocket, he begged the Distressed One to bandage his eyes very carefully;
+but after having them bandaged he uncovered them, saying, "If my memory
+does not deceive me, I have read in Virgil of the Palladium of Troy, a
+wooden horse the Greeks offered to the goddess Pallas, which was big
+with armed knights, who afterwards destroyed Troy; so it would be as
+well to see, first of all, what Clavileno has in his stomach."
+
+"There is no occasion," said the Distressed One; "I will be bail for
+him, and I know that Malambruno has nothing tricky or treacherous about
+him; you may mount without any fear, Senor Don Quixote; on my head be it
+if any harm befalls you."
+
+Don Quixote thought that to say anything further with regard to his
+safety would be putting his courage in an unfavorable light; and so,
+without more words, he mounted Clavileno, and tried the peg, which
+turned easily; and as he had no stirrups and his legs hung down, he
+looked like nothing so much as a figure in some Roman triumph painted or
+embroidered on a Flemish tapestry.
+
+Much against the grain, and very slowly, Sancho proceeded to mount, and,
+after settling himself as well as he could on the croup, found it rather
+hard and not at all soft, and asked the duke if it would be possible to
+oblige him with a pad of some kind, or a cushion; even if it were off
+the couch of his lady the duchess, or the bed of one of the pages; as
+the haunches of that horse were more like marble than wood. On this the
+Trifaldi observed that Clavileno would not bear any kind of harness or
+trappings, and that his best plan would be to sit sideways like a woman,
+as in that way he would not feel the hardness so much.
+
+Sancho did so, and bidding them farewell, allowed his eyes to be
+bandaged, but immediately afterwards uncovered them again, and looking
+tenderly and tearfully on those in the garden, bade them help him in his
+present strait with plenty of Paternosters and Ave Marias, that God
+might provide some one to say as many for them, whenever they found
+themselves in a similar emergency.
+
+At this Don Quixote exclaimed, "Art thou on the gallows, thief, or at
+thy last moment, to use pitiful entreaties of that sort? Cover thine
+eyes, cover thine eyes, abject animal, and let not thy fear escape thy
+lips, at least, in my presence."
+
+"Let them blindfold me," said Sancho; "as you won't let me commend
+myself or be commended to God, is it any wonder if I am afraid there is
+a legion of devils about here that will carry us off?"
+
+They were then blindfolded, and Don Quixote, finding himself settled to
+his satisfaction, felt for the peg, and the instant he placed his
+fingers on it, all the duennas and all who stood by lifted up their
+voices exclaiming, "God guide thee, valiant knight! God be with thee,
+intrepid squire! Now, now ye go cleaving the air more swiftly than an
+arrow! Now ye begin to amaze and astonish all who are gazing at you from
+the earth! Take care not to wobble about, valiant Sancho! Mind thou fall
+not, for thy fall will be worse than that rash youth's who tried to
+steer the chariot of his father the Sun!"[472-5]
+
+As Sancho heard the voices, clinging tightly to his master and winding
+his arms round him, he said, "Senor, how do they make out we are going
+up so high, if their voices reach us here and they seem to be speaking
+quite close to us?"
+
+"Don't mind that, Sancho," said Don Quixote; "for as affairs of this
+sort and flights like this are out of the common course of things, you
+can see and hear as much as you like a thousand leagues off; but don't
+squeeze me so tight or thou wilt upset me; and really I know not what
+thou hast to be uneasy or frightened at, for I can safely swear I never
+mounted a smoother-going steed all the days of my life; one would fancy
+we never stirred from one place. Banish fear, my friend, for indeed
+everything is going as it ought, and we have the wind astern."
+
+"That's true," said Sancho, "for such a strong wind comes against me on
+this side, that it seems as if the people were blowing on me with a
+thousand pair of bellows;" which was the case; they were puffing at him
+with a great pair of bellows; for the whole adventure was so well
+planned by the duke, the duchess, and their majordomo, that nothing was
+omitted to make it perfectly successful.
+
+Don Quixote now, feeling the blast, said, "Beyond a doubt, Sancho, we
+must have already reached the second region of the air, where the hail
+and snow are generated; the thunder, the lightning, and the thunderbolts
+are engendered in the third region, and if we go on ascending at this
+rate, we shall shortly plunge into the region of fire, and I know not
+how to regulate this peg, so as not to mount up where we shall be
+burned."
+
+And now they began to warm their faces, from a distance, with tow that
+could easily be set on fire and extinguished again, fixed on the end of
+a cane.
+
+On feeling the heat Sancho said, "May I die if we are not already in
+that fire place, or very near it, for a good part of my beard has been
+singed, and I have a mind, senor, to uncover and see whereabouts we
+are."
+
+"Do nothing of the kind," said Don Quixote; "remember the true story of
+the licentiate Torralva, that the devils carried flying through the air
+riding on a stick with his eyes shut; who in twelve hours reached Rome
+and dismounted at Torre di Nona, which is a street of the city, and saw
+the whole sack and storming and the death of Bourbon, and was back in
+Madrid the next morning, where he gave an account of all he had seen;
+and he said, moreover, that as he was going through the air, the devil
+bade him open his eyes, and he did so, and saw himself so near the body
+of the moon, so it seemed to him, that he could have laid hold of it
+with his hand, and that he did not dare to look at the earth lest he
+should be seized with giddiness. So that, Sancho, it will not do for us
+to uncover ourselves, for he who has us in charge will be responsible
+for us; and perhaps we are gaining an altitude and mounting up to enable
+us to descend at one swoop on the Kingdom of Kandy, as the saker or
+falcon does on the heron, so as to seize it however high it may soar;
+and though it seems to us not half an hour since we left the garden,
+believe me we must have travelled a great distance."
+
+The duke, the duchess, and all in the garden were listening to the
+conversation of the two heroes, and were beyond measure amused by it;
+and now, desirous of putting a finishing touch to this rare and
+well-contrived adventure, they applied a light to Clavileno's tail with
+some tow, and the horse, being full of squibs and crackers, immediately
+blew up with a prodigious noise, and brought Don Quixote and Sancho
+Panza to the ground half singed. By this time the bearded band of
+duennas, the Trifaldi and all, had vanished from the garden, and those
+that remained lay stretched on the ground as if in swoon. Don Quixote
+and Sancho got up rather shaken, and looking about them, were filled
+with amazement at finding themselves in the same garden from which they
+had started, and seeing such a number of people stretched on the ground;
+and their astonishment was increased when at one side of the garden they
+perceived a tall lance planted in the ground, and hanging from it by
+two cords of green silk, a smooth, white parchment on which there was
+the following inscription in large gold letters: "The illustrious Don
+Quixote of La Mancha has, by merely attempting it, finished and
+concluded the adventure of the Countess Trifaldi, otherwise called the
+Distressed Duenna; Malambruno is now satisfied on every point, the chins
+of the duennas are now smooth and clean, and when the squirely
+flagellation shall have been completed, the white dove shall find
+herself delivered from the pestiferous hawks that persecute her,[476-6]
+and in the arms of her beloved mate; for such is the decree of the sage
+Merlin, arch-enchanter of enchanters."
+
+[Illustration: THE HORSE BLEW UP, WITH A PRODIGIOUS NOISE]
+
+As soon as Don Quixote had read the inscription on the parchment he
+perceived clearly that it referred to the disenchantment of Dulcinea,
+and returning hearty thanks to Heaven that he had, with so little
+danger, achieved so grand an exploit as to restore to their former
+complexion the countenances of those venerable duennas, now no longer
+visible, he advanced towards the duke and duchess, who had not yet come
+to themselves, and taking the duke by the hand he said, "Be of good
+cheer, worthy sir, be of good cheer; it's nothing at all; the adventure
+is now over and without any harm done, as the inscription fixed on this
+post shows plainly."
+
+The duke came to himself slowly and like one recovering consciousness
+after a heavy sleep, and the duchess and all who had fallen prostrate
+about the garden did the same, with such demonstrations of wonder and
+amazement that they would have almost persuaded one that what they
+pretended so adroitly in jest had happened to them in reality. The duke
+read the placard with half-shut eyes, and then ran to embrace Don
+Quixote with open arms, declaring him to be the best knight that had
+ever been seen in any age. Sancho kept looking about for the Distressed
+One, to see what her face was like without the beard, and if she was as
+fair as her elegant person promised; but they told him that, the instant
+Clavileno descended flaming through the air and came to the ground, the
+whole band of duennas with the Trifaldi vanished, and that they were
+already shaved and without a stump left.
+
+The duchess asked Sancho how he had fared on that long journey, to which
+Sancho replied, "I felt, senora, that we were flying through the region
+of fire, as my master told me, and I wanted to uncover my eyes for a
+bit; but my master, when I asked leave to uncover myself, would not let
+me; but as I have a little bit of curiosity about me, and a desire to
+know what is forbidden and kept from me, quietly and without any one
+seeing me I drew aside the handkerchief covering my eyes ever so little,
+close to my nose, and from underneath looked towards the earth, and it
+seemed to me that it was altogether no bigger than a grain of mustard
+seed, and that the men walking on it were little bigger than hazel nuts;
+so you may see how high we must have got to them."
+
+To this the duchess said, "Sancho, my friend, mind what you are saying;
+it seems you could not have seen the earth, but only the men walking on
+it; it is plain that if the earth looked to you like a grain of mustard
+seed, and each man like a hazel nut, one man alone would have covered
+the whole earth."
+
+"That is true," said Sancho, "but for all that I got a glimpse of a bit
+of one side of it, and saw it all."
+
+"Take care, Sancho," said the duchess; "with a bit of one side one does
+not see the whole of what one looks at."
+
+"I don't understand that way of looking at things," said Sancho; "I only
+know that your ladyship will do well to bear in mind that as we were
+flying by enchantment, so I might have seen the whole earth and all the
+men by enchantment, whatever way I looked; and if you won't believe
+this, no more will you believe that, uncovering myself nearly to the
+eyebrows, I saw myself so close to the sky that there was not a palm and
+a half between me and it; and by everything that I can swear by, senora,
+it is mighty great! And it so happened we came by where the seven
+she-goats[478-7] are, and by God and upon my soul, as in my youth I was
+a goatherd in my own country, as soon as I saw them I felt a longing to
+be among them for a little, and if I had not given way to it I think I'd
+have burst. So I come and take, and what do I do? without saying
+anything to anybody, not even to my master, softly and quietly I got
+down from Clavileno and amused myself with the goats--which are like
+violets, like flowers--for nigh three-quarters of an hour; and Clavileno
+never stirred or moved from one spot."
+
+"And while the good Sancho was amusing himself with the goats," said the
+duke, "how did Senor Don Quixote amuse himself?"
+
+To which Don Quixote replied, "As all these things and such like
+occurrences are out of the ordinary course of nature, it is no wonder
+that Sancho says what he does; for my own part I can only say that I
+did not uncover my eyes, either above or below, nor did I see sky or
+earth or sea or shore. It is true I felt that I was passing through the
+region of the air, and even that I touched that of fire; but that we
+passed farther I cannot believe; for the region of fire being between
+the heaven of the moon and the last region of the air, we could not have
+reached that heaven where the seven she-goats Sancho speaks of are
+without being burned; and as we were not burned, either Sancho is lying
+or Sancho is dreaming."
+
+"I am neither lying nor dreaming," said Sancho; "only ask me the tokens
+of those same goats, and you'll see by that whether I'm telling the
+truth or not."
+
+"Tell us them then, Sancho," said the duchess.
+
+"Two of them," said Sancho, "are green, two blood-red, two blue, and one
+a mixture of all colors."
+
+"An odd sort of goat, that," said the duke; "in this earthly region of
+ours we have no such colors; I mean goats of such colors."
+
+"That's very plain," said Sancho; "of course there must be a difference
+between the goats of heaven and the goats of the earth."
+
+"Tell me, Sancho," said the duke, "did you see any he-goat among those
+she-goats?"
+
+"No senor," said Sancho; "but I have heard say that none ever passed the
+horns of the moon."
+
+They did not care to ask him anything more about his journey, for they
+saw he was in the vein to go rambling all over the heavens giving an
+account of everything that went on there, without having ever stirred
+from the garden. Such, in short, was the end of the adventure of the
+Distressed Duenna, which gave the duke and duchess laughing matter not
+only for the time being, but for all their lives, and Sancho something
+to talk about for ages, if he lived so long.
+
+
+THE STORY OF THE LASHES
+
+     NOTE.--It had been prophesied, by a pretended enchanter, that the
+     Lady Dulcinea del Toboso could be freed from the enchantment under
+     which a wicked magician had placed her, if Sancho would of his own
+     free will give himself three thousand three hundred lashes.
+
+
+Sancho went along anything but cheerful, and finally he said to his
+master, "Surely, senor, I'm the most unlucky doctor in the world;
+there's many a physician that, after killing the sick man he had to
+cure, requires to be paid for his work, though it is only signing a bit
+of a list of medicines, that the apothecary and not he makes up, and,
+there, his labor is over; but with me, though to cure somebody else
+costs me drops of blood, smacks, pinches, pin-proddings, and whippings,
+nobody gives me a farthing."
+
+"Thou art right, Sancho, my friend," said Don Quixote, "and I can say
+for myself that if thou wouldst have payment for the lashes on account
+of the disenchantment of Dulcinea, I would have given it to thee freely
+ere this. I am not sure, however, whether payment will comport with the
+cure, and I would not have the reward interfere with the medicine.
+Still, I think there will be nothing lost by trying it; consider how
+much thou wouldst have, Sancho, and whip thyself at once, and pay
+thyself down with thine own hand, as thou hast money of mine."
+
+At this proposal Sancho opened his eyes and his ears a palm's breadth
+wide, and in his heart very readily acquiesced in whipping himself, and
+said he to his master, "Very well then, senor, I'll hold myself in
+readiness to gratify your worship's wishes if I'm to profit by it; for
+the love of my wife and children forces me to seem grasping. Let your
+worship say how much you will pay me for each lash I give myself."
+
+"If, Sancho," replied Don Quixote, "I were to requite thee as the
+importance and nature of the cure deserves, the treasures of Venice, the
+mines of Potosi, would be insufficient to pay thee. See what thou hast
+of mine, and put a price on each lash."
+
+"Of them," said Sancho, "there are three thousand three hundred and odd;
+of these I have given myself five, the rest remain; let the five go for
+the odd ones, and let us take the three thousand three hundred, which at
+a quarter real apiece (for I will not take less though the whole world
+should bid) make three thousand three hundred quarter reals; the three
+thousand are one thousand five hundred half reals, which make seven
+hundred and fifty reals; and the three hundred make a hundred and fifty
+half reals, which come to seventy-five reals, which added to the seven
+hundred and fifty make eight hundred and twenty-five reals in all. These
+I will stop out of what I have belonging to your worship, and I'll
+return home rich and content, though well whipped."
+
+"O blessed Sancho! O dear Sancho!" said Don Quixote; "how we shall be
+bound to serve thee, Dulcinea and I, all the days of our lives that
+Heaven may grant us! If she returns to her lost shape (and it cannot be
+but that she will) her misfortune will have been good fortune, and my
+defeat a most happy triumph. But look here, Sancho; when wilt thou begin
+the scourging? For if thou wilt make short work of it, I will give a
+hundred reals over and above."
+
+"When?" said Sancho; "this night without fail. Let your worship order it
+so that we pass it out of doors and in the open air, and I'll scarify
+myself."
+
+Night, longed for by Don Quixote with the greatest anxiety in the world,
+came at last. They made their way at length in among some pleasant trees
+that stood a little distance from the road, and there vacating
+Rocinante's saddle and Dapple's pack-saddle, they stretched themselves
+on the green grass and made their supper off Sancho's stores, and he,
+making a powerful and flexible whip out of Dapple's halter and
+headstall, retreated about twenty paces from his master among some beech
+trees. Don Quixote, seeing him march off with such resolution and
+spirit, said to him, "Take care, my friend, not to cut thyself to
+pieces; allow the lashes to wait for one another, and do not be in so
+great a hurry as to run thyself out of breath midway; I mean, do not lay
+on so strenuously as to make thy life fail thee before thou hast reached
+the desired number; and that thou mayest not lose by a card too much or
+too little, I will station myself apart and count on my rosary here the
+lashes thou givest thyself. May heaven help thee as thy good intention
+deserves."
+
+"'Pledges don't distress a good paymaster,'" said Sancho; "I mean to lay
+on in such a way as without killing myself to hurt myself, for in that,
+no doubt, lies the essence of this miracle."
+
+He then stripped himself from the waist upwards, and snatching up the
+rope he began to lay on and Don Quixote to count the lashes. He might
+have given himself six or eight when he began to think the joke no
+trifle, and its price very low; and holding his hand for a moment, he
+told his master that he cried off on the score of a blind bargain, for
+each of those lashes ought to be paid for at the rate of half a real
+instead of a quarter.
+
+"Go on, Sancho, my friend, and be not disheartened," said Don Quixote;
+"for I double the stakes as to price."
+
+"In that case," said Sancho, "in God's hand be it, and let it rain
+lashes." But the rogue no longer laid them on his shoulders, but laid on
+to the trees, with such groans every now and then, that one would have
+thought at each of them his soul was being plucked up by the roots. Don
+Quixote, touched to the heart, and fearing he might make an end of
+himself, and that through Sancho's imprudence he might miss his own
+object, said to him, "As thou livest, my friend, let the matter rest
+where it is, for the remedy seems to me a very rough one, and it will be
+well to have patience; Rome was not built in a day. If I have not
+reckoned wrong thou hast given thyself over a thousand lashes; that is
+enough for the present."
+
+"No, no, senor," replied Sancho; "it shall never be said of me, 'The
+money paid, the arms broken'; go back a little further, your worship, and
+let me give myself at any rate a thousand lashes more; for in a couple
+of bouts like this we shall have finished off the lot, with even cloth
+to spare."
+
+"As thou art in such a willing mood," said Don Quixote, "may heaven aid
+thee; lay on and I'll retire."
+
+Sancho returned to his task with so much resolution that he soon had the
+bark stripped off several trees, such was the severity with which he
+whipped himself; and one time, raising his voice, and giving a beech a
+tremendous lash, he cried out, "Here dies Samson, and all with him!"
+
+At the sound of his piteous cry and of the stroke of the cruel lash, Don
+Quixote ran to him at once, and seizing the twisted halter, said to him:
+
+"Heaven forbid, Sancho my friend, that to please me thou shouldst lose
+thy life, which is needed for the support of thy wife and children; let
+Dulcinea wait for a better opportunity, and I will have patience until
+thou hast gained fresh strength so as to finish off this business to the
+satisfaction of everybody."
+
+"As your worship will have it so, senor," said Sancho, "so be it; but
+throw your cloak over my shoulders, for I'm sweating and I don't want to
+take cold; it's a risk that novice disciplinants run."
+
+Don Quixote obeyed, and stripping himself covered Sancho, who slept
+until the sun woke him; they then resumed their journey, which for the
+time being they brought to an end at a village that lay three leagues
+farther on.
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[433-1] The _olla_ is the national dish of Spain, and is a stew composed
+of beef, bacon, sausage, chick-peas and cabbage, with any other meat or
+vegetables which may be on hand.
+
+[434-2] A _morion_ is a helmet without visor or beaver for protecting
+the face.
+
+[435-3] Alexander the Great was so fond of his horse Bucephalus that
+when it died in India during Alexander's sojourn there, he founded a
+city which he called Bucephalia, in honor of the steed.
+
+[435-4] The Cid was the greatest of Spanish heroes.
+
+[436-5] _Rocin_ is, in Spanish, a horse used for labor, as distinguished
+from one kept for pleasure or for personal use; _ante_ means _before_.
+Thus the name Rocinante meant that the horse had formerly been a hack,
+or work horse.
+
+[436-6] Amadis de Gaul was the hero of one of the most celebrated
+romances of chivalry.
+
+[438-1] When Don Quixote first set out on his quest of adventures, he
+was unattended. Having been forced, however, to return to his native
+town, he persuaded a peasant, Sancho Panza by name, to go with him and
+serve as his squire. While Sancho was a hard-headed, practical man, he
+was carried away by Don Quixote's promises of reward, and in time,
+through listening constantly to the Don's conversation, he became almost
+as mad as his master.
+
+[440-2] Briareus was a famous giant of ancient mythology, who had fifty
+heads and one hundred arms.
+
+[440-3] By _sage_ is here meant an enchanter or magician.
+
+[441-1] Don Quixote and Sancho had remained in terror through an entire
+night, fancying from the noise they heard that they were near some
+terrible danger. In the morning they found that this noise proceeded
+from some fulling mills in the neighborhood.
+
+[442-2] Mambrino was a Moorish king, mentioned in some of the romantic
+poems which _Don Quixote_ is intended to burlesque. He possessed an
+enchanted golden helmet which rendered the wearer invulnerable, and
+which was naturally much sought after by all the knights. Rinaldo
+finally obtained possession of it. Don Quixote, whose helmet had been
+destroyed, had sworn that he would lead a life of particular hardship
+until he had made himself master of the wonderful helmet.
+
+[445-3] The _piece of eight_ is equal to about one dollar of American
+money. The _maravedi_ is a small copper coin, of the value of three
+mills in American money.
+
+[446-4] The _god of smithies_ was the old Greek and Roman god Hephaestus,
+or Vulcan; the _god of battles_ was Mars.
+
+[446-5] _Martino_ is a blunder of Sancho's for _Mambrino_.
+
+[448-1] This was a gentlemanly person whom Don Quixote had met on the
+road a short time before.
+
+[462-1] In certain rivers of Spain, floating mills, moored in
+mid-stream, were common.
+
+[467-1] This was the wicked enchanter who had caused the beards to grow.
+
+[468-2] This was the leader of the sorrowful bearded ladies.
+
+[468-3] The duke had promised to bestow on Sancho the government of an
+island.
+
+[469-4] The name of the "Distressed One."
+
+[472-5] This was Phaeton, whose story is told in Volume II.
+
+[476-6] Don Quixote and Sancho Panza had been persuaded that Dulcinea
+del Toboso, Don Quixote's lady, was under enchantment, from which she
+could not be released until Sancho had given himself three thousand
+three hundred lashes.
+
+[478-7] The "seven she-goats" were the Pleiades.
+
+
+
+
+PRONUNCIATION OF PROPER NAMES
+
+
+NOTE.--The pronunciation of difficult words is indicated by respelling
+them phonetically. _N_ is used to indicate the French nasal sound; _K_,
+the sound of _ch_ in German; _ue_, the sound of the German _ue_, and
+French _u_; _oe_, the sound of _oe_ in foreign languages.
+
+
+  ACTAEON, _ak tee' on_
+  AENEAS SYLVIUS, _ee nee' as sil' vy us_
+  ALLEGHANIES, _al'' le gay' niz_
+  AESCHYLUS, _es' ky lus_
+  AMADIS, _am' a dis_
+  BABIECA, _ba be ay' ka_
+  BENOIT, _ben wah'_
+  BOSE, _bo' zeh_
+  BRIAREUS, _bri a' re us_
+  BUCEPHALUS, _bu sef' a lus_
+  CASA GUIDI, _kah' sa gwee' dee_
+  CERVANTES, SAAVEDRA, MIGUEL DE, _sur van' teez, sah ved' ra, mee
+    gayl' deh_
+  CHINGACHGOOK, _chin gahk' gook_
+  CHOTEAU, _sho to'_
+  CHRISTIERN, _Kris' tee urn_
+  CLAVILENO, _klah ve lay' nyo_
+  DON QUIXOTE, _don kwiks' oat_, (Sp.) _don'' kee ho' tay_
+  DU CHAILLU, _due shay lue'_
+  HOTEL DES INVALIDES, _o tel' day zaN'' va'' leed'_
+  MAMBRINO, _mam bree' no_
+  MARTINO, _mar tee' no_
+  MICHAEL AROUT, (Fr.) _mee shel' ah roo'_
+  MOHICANS, _mo hee' kanz_
+  MONTCALM, _mont cahm'_
+  NGOBI, _ngo' bi_
+  OLAUS MAGNUS, _o lay' us mag' nus_
+  ORAN, _o rahn'_
+  ORPHEON, _or fay oN'_
+  PARA, _pah rah'_
+  PARACELSUS, _par a sel' sus_
+  PHAETHON, _fay' eh thon_
+  PLEIADES, _plee' ya deez_
+  POTOSI, _po to see'_
+  PRAIRIE DU CHIEN, _pray' ree doo sheen'_
+  PTOLEMY, _tol' e my_
+  QUASHQUAMME, _quash guah' me_
+  QUESADA, _kee sah' da_
+  ROCINANTE, _ro'' see nahn' tay_
+  RODERICH VICH ALPINE, _rod' rick vick al' pine_
+  ST. GERMAIN, _saN zher'' maN'_
+  SANCHO PANZA, _sang' ko pan' za_, (Sp.) _sahn' cha pahn' tha_
+  SIOUX, _soo_
+  SOUVESTRE, EMILE, _soo'' vestr', ay meel'_
+  TETE ROUGE, _tate roozh_
+  THOREAU, _tho' ro_, or _tho ro'_
+  VERSAILLES, _vur saylz'_
+  WILLAMETTE, _wil ah' met_
+  XENIL, _hay' neel_
+
+
+
+
+  Transcriber's Note
+
+  Corrections
+
+  24   Muleteeer changed to Muleteer
+  102  Neverthelesss changed to Nevertheless
+  107  hugh changed to huge
+  123  distiguish changed to distinguish
+  139  postion changed to position
+  191  fellow-ceatures changed to fellow-creatures
+  196  immeditatively changed to meditatively
+  219  and Tom Tolliver changed to and Tom Tulliver
+  267  miscroscope changed to microscope
+  314  acquintance changed to acquaintance
+  369  round, I take it. changed to round, I take it."
+  407  Goodnature changed to Good-nature
+  417  profundly changed to profoundly
+  420  Holden ready for the fight: changed to Holden ready for the fight."
+  442  out, answered changed to out," answered
+  468  senora changed to senora
+  476  of enchanters. changed to of enchanters."
+  482  Rosinante's saddle changed to Rocinante's saddle
+  485  Actaeon changed to Actaeon
+  485  Aeneas changed to AEneas
+  485  Aeschyllus changed to AEschylus
+  485  Buchephalus changed to Bucephalus
+  485  Clavileno changed to Clavileno
+  486  Orpheon changed to Orpheon
+  486  Pleiadas changed to Pleiades
+  486  Quashguamme changed to Quashquamme
+  486  Tete changed to Tete
+
+  Inconsistent hyphenation
+
+  daylight / day-light
+  farmhouse / farm-house
+  firearms / fire-arms
+  highborn / high-born
+  homemade / home-made
+  lopsided / lop-sided
+  roadside / road-side
+  skylark / sky-lark
+  tipsy cake / tipsy-cake
+  tomorrow / to-morrow
+  upstream / up-stream
+  waterbreaker / water-breaker
+
+  Other comments
+
+  The footnote referred to by marker number 4 on page 30 was
+  printed on page 31.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Journeys Through Bookland, Vol. 7, by
+Charles H. Sylvester
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