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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Old Daniel, by Thomas Hodson
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Old Daniel
+
+Author: Thomas Hodson
+
+Illustrator: Unsigned
+
+Release Date: October 20, 2007 [EBook #23123]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK OLD DANIEL ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Nick Hodson of London, England
+
+
+
+
+Old Daniel; or, Memoir of a Converted Hindoo and Description of Village
+Life in India.
+
+By Thomas Hodson, with Introduction by the Rev W. Arthur, M.A.
+
+Published about 1877.
+
+________________________________________________________________________
+The title of this book is somewhat odd, for, though certainly greatly
+about the life and doings of Chickka the washerman, and his conversion
+to Christianity, the memoirs are certainly not his, and indeed it is a
+little difficult to see whose they are. Not apparently those of Thomas
+Hodson, who is mentioned frequently in the third person, and who appears
+to be as much of an ordained minister as the Reverend W. Arthur.
+Strange also is the fact that the title page promises an Introduction,
+but what we actually get, on the very next page, is a Preface.
+
+However, these are minor grumbles, because what you do get is a head-on
+description of village life in India, as promised, and some very nice
+illustrations.
+
+As Editor, I must hasten to say that Thomas Hodson, the author of some
+of the short chapters, is no relation of mine.  In fact my ancestor
+Thomas Hodson, who also worked in India, but as an administrator, was
+only a small child in England at the time the book was published.  But
+my family have had a long connection with India, and that has led to my
+own great interest in the Indian sub-continent.  I was very interested
+to read and edit this book, and commend it to anyone who would like to
+know more about Indian Village Life 150 and even 200 years ago (the hero
+of the tale was born in 1799).
+
+Although this book is constructed from pieces written by devoted
+Missionaries, and although they deride the local Gods and religious
+practices, I do not think the book is very convincing as an argument for
+Christianity, although I describe myself as a Christian.  N.H.
+
+________________________________________________________________________
+OLD DANIEL; OR, MEMOIR OF A CONVERTED HINDOO AND DESCRIPTION OF VILLAGE
+LIFE IN INDIA.
+
+BY THOMAS HODSON, WITH INTRODUCTION BY THE REV W. ARTHUR, M.A.
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+I can now, in my mind's eye, see Chickka, the washerman, as if I had met
+him yesterday; and I can see the mud houses of Singonahully, the mud
+wall of the village, and the temple of Runga, as if they were all before
+me.  Yet five and thirty years are passed and gone since the afternoon
+when, in quest of medical aid, I rode past the village, hoping yet to
+see it the abode of many follower's of Christ, not knowing that I was
+never to see it more.  At that time Chickka was still a heathen.  He was
+then between forty and fifty years of age, a grey-headed, resolute,
+self-controlled looking man.
+
+At the mission-house of Goobbe we knew Chickka well.  He was often
+present at our family prayer, but gave no signs of any religious
+conviction; and I cannot remember that he ever expressed more
+disapproval of idolatry than many did, who to this day have continued in
+their heathenism.  Certainly I had no idea of the processes through
+which the mind of the washer man had passed.  It would have been hard to
+conceive that one so ignorant and so simple, had as a boy, all untaught,
+seen as clearly the vanity of idols as well-instructed men could do, and
+had in his own simple way taken practical and striking steps to convince
+others of the justice of his views.
+
+In the lifelike narrative of Mr Hodson,--where every touch is that of
+one who has lived among the people, till their sayings and their doings,
+their surrounding scenes and modes of thought, are all familiar,--the
+reader will find a very curious light upon the processes of thought
+which, in the deepest night of paganism, may be passing in the mind of a
+labourer's lad who knows not a letter.  We may feel assured that similar
+lights are shining in the darkest places now, and that millions of young
+minds are being prepared, as was the mind of Chickka, to turn from dumb
+idols to serve the living and the true God.  Even were the incidents
+detailed in the following pages those only of the life of a single boy,
+they would be of great interest.  But it is not as incidents that give
+interest to the story of an inward change of one mind, or of the outward
+windings of one life, but as a sign of what is going on in multitudes,
+and as a foretoken of the changes that are to come, that the highest
+interest attaches to such scenes as that of Chickka breaking the
+serpent-gods, turning the sword-gods into plough-shares, refusing to bow
+to the idol, or speaking lightly of the great god of the vicinity when
+his car was burned.  Even the procession, which in all forms of
+idolatry, from that of India to that of Rome, forms an important
+instrument of public impression, failed to command the feelings of
+Chickka.  How many men in countries where weeping Madonnas are exhibited
+have been tormented with the same curiosity which seized Chickka on
+seeing the tears streaming down the cheeks of Mari, the goddess of
+diseases!  But seldom have courage and opportunity combined to carry the
+inquirer to a conclusion so decisive as that which rewarded the research
+of the poor washerman's son.  I seem now as if I could trace the boy, in
+the struggling grey of the morning, down the gentle slope, till he
+reached the tank, found the spot where the idol had been cast into it,
+and, daring to break its head, laid bare all the mystery of the tears.
+That, too, was a step preparing him for the great change when he was to
+turn to One who is not the work of men's hands, but is the Maker of the
+mighty and the weak.  And the same influences which prepared Chickka,
+and which eventually changed him into Daniel, are now at work in, I
+repeat it, millions of minds, where the influences are as much unseen
+and unsuspected as were at the time those of which the reader will find
+the account so striking.
+
+Good Edward Hardey, whose words were the first that were sent home to
+the heart of the washerman with the power that quickens dry corns into
+sprouting seeds, and good Matthew Trevan Male, who baptized him as the
+firstfruits unto Christ in Goobbe, are both gone to their rest.  Many
+others who have sowed on that field are also gone.  Daniel has ended his
+course in peace.  And still the harvest is not reaped.  But the harvest
+is to come.  In such a work delay, disappointment, and the deferring of
+hope are to be taken as but a call for more faith and more prayer.  If
+the lights struggling in the heathen mind of Chickka were but an example
+of what is taking place in the minds of many, so also the change by
+which Chickka became Daniel, the steadfast Christian, was but an example
+of thousands of thousands that are yet to come.  `Behold, I make all
+things new,' says He who caused the light to shine out of darkness; and
+in the Mysore He will yet bring forth a new and glorious creation.  In
+that country, at this present time, a terrible famine is making ravages.
+Even that calamity may be overruled for good.  At all events it gives
+fresh emphasis to the call for all followers of Christ to enter in and
+work for God, where the harvest indeed is plenteous and the labourers
+are few.  It may be that even in times of trial the Spirit will be
+poured out from on high, and that God will yet gladden with tidings of
+great joy the hearts of some to whom those fields are unutterably dear,
+and who have long waited for the full corn in the ear.
+
+                                                              W. ARTHUR.
+
+
+CHAPTER ONE.
+
+DANIEL'S PARENTAGE.
+
+Before Daniel was baptised his name was _Chikkha_, but we will call him
+Daniel from the beginning to the end of this little memoir.  He lived
+sometimes at Goobbe, and sometimes at Singonahully.  Goobbe is a large
+market town in the kingdom of Mysore, and Singonahully is a small
+village about two miles from Goobbe.  The Wesleyan Mission premises are
+situated between these two places.  If my young readers, for whom this
+little book is written, will take a large map of India, they will see
+`Goobbe,' in Latitude 13 degrees 19 minutes North, and Longitude 77
+degrees East.  It is fifty-five miles north-west of Bangalore, and about
+seventy north-east of Seringapatam.
+
+Many years ago,--it is not known exactly how many--a man of the
+Washerman caste left his native village and came to Singonahully.  He
+brought his family with him, but left behind a box containing an idol
+and some other sacred things, in charge of the village priest.  This man
+was Daniel's grandfather.  In Singonahully he entered into friendly
+relations with the old village washerman, who was nearly blind, and
+helped him in his work.  In due time one of the blind man's daughters
+was given in marriage to Daniel's father, whose name was Veera Chickka.
+
+Daniel was born May 4th, 1799, or according to his own phraseology, "I
+was born on the day Seringapatam was taken by the English."  It may here
+be observed that many of the middle and lower classes of the Hindoos do
+not keep any correct record of the time when their children are born, so
+that if no event of importance happens about that time, there is
+generally no means of ascertaining the age of anyone in such families.
+
+Daniel's father was always a poor man, so that his son was never sent to
+school; and he was never able either to read or to write; but, when
+quite a child, he manifested a very clear judgment in many things, and
+especially in the view he took as to the worship of idols.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER TWO.
+
+DANIEL'S FIRST PROTEST AGAINST IDOLATRY.
+
+One day when Daniel was about ten years old, and living with his father
+in Goobbe, a relation of the family came from Toomcoor, on what, to him,
+was a very important matter; and he said to Daniel's father, "Well,
+Veera Chickka, your father shut up our goddess in a box and left it, in
+his village, in care of the temple priest, and there she now remains.
+The goddess has had no worship paid her from that time to this; she is
+angry, and a great calamity has, in consequence, come upon me and my
+family.  Come now, let us fetch the goddess from our ancestral home, and
+worship her here in this place."  The goddess referred to was Lakshmi,
+the wife of Vishnu, the goddess of wealth and prosperity.  When little
+Daniel heard this proposal, it seemed foolishness to him, and at a
+favourable opening in the conversation he said to his relation, "The
+goddess Lakshmi has blessed you with wealth, but she has left us in
+poverty; when she gives us prosperity we will worship her, but not till
+then."  Both Daniel's father and his visitor looked at the boy angrily,
+but said nothing; however, in the end his father decided not to fetch
+the idol.
+
+The following is another proof of Daniel's decision; and it shows what a
+clear view he had of idolatry before he ever heard a word of Gospel
+truth.  The account is given in his own words.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THREE.
+
+SNAKE-WORSHIP.
+
+When I was about eleven years old, my brothers and sisters were
+suffering from boils, and my parents asked a fortune-teller what they
+should do to get rid of them.  He told my parents that the boils had
+come in consequence of their neglect of serpent-worship, and that the
+children would be cured if my parents would again worship snakes.  These
+reptiles often take up their abode in white-ant-hills, after the ants
+have vacated them.  My parents had been in the habit of worshipping
+serpents two or three times a year.  Their custom was to pour milk,
+clarified butter, curds, etcetera, etcetera, into the holes of a
+white-ant-hill, when they knew there was a venomous serpent inside.  The
+libations were accompanied by fastings, prayers, prostrations, and many
+ceremonial purifications.  And now to remove the boils from their
+children they resolved to comply with the fortune-teller's directions,
+and go through a grand performance of serpent-worship.  They accordingly
+consecrated two old stone idols, made in the shape of serpents, and
+commenced the worship of them.  I thought this was all foolishness, and
+before the whole of the ceremonies could be completed, watching my
+opportunity, I broke each snake-stone into two or three pieces, and
+threw them away as common stones.  When my parents saw the broken
+images, and knew that it was I who had broken them, they were
+exceedingly angry, and my father said, with fury, "Son! is it proper to
+do so?  Other gods may be false, but the Serpent-god is not.  The
+children are suffering from the anger of the Serpent-god, and now you
+have broken his images, so that his wrath is increased; and what
+calamity will happen to us it is impossible to say."
+
+After my father was a little calm, I said to him, "Father, I believe
+that this worshipping snakes and their stone images is all nonsense.
+What connection can there be between boils on a human body and the image
+of a serpent?  Have patience; no calamity will happen.  Should any
+trouble come, we will then conclude that the serpent is a true god; and
+I will, in that case, get two other images made, and putting them in the
+place of the two broken ones, they shall be consecrated and receive
+regular worship."  My father thought I was a strange child.  However, in
+a few days, my brothers and sisters were quite well, and the belief of
+my parents in snake-worship died away.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER FOUR.
+
+BIBLE IN THE CANARESE LANGUAGE.
+
+Daniel, at that time, had no teacher but the Holy Spirit.  There were no
+Bibles in the Canarese language, which was the language spoken by
+Daniel; there were no Protestant Missionaries where he lived; no schools
+in which Hindoo children could be taught to read the Word of God; and no
+means whatever for acquiring a correct knowledge of the way to heaven.
+Had these means of salvation been in existence when Daniel was a boy, he
+would have been taught to worship the true God, and might have been
+instrumental in the conversion of many people.  But his youth was spent
+in ignorance and in the service of Satan.  Thank God, there is now a
+change for the better.  There are Missionaries who preach the Gospel in
+many parts of the Mysore country; there are schools for children, and
+also for those converted young men who wish to be taught how to preach
+the Gospel to their own countrymen.  The Scriptures are translated into
+the Canarese language, and may be had everywhere at a very cheap rate
+indeed.  A copy of the Canarese Bible, printed at the Wesleyan Mission
+Press, in Bangalore, and beautifully bound, was presented, with Bibles
+in other oriental languages, to His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales,
+on his late visit to Madras.  This is a very different state of things
+from that which existed when Daniel was a boy.  But there is very much
+yet to be done.  The Missionaries have made a good beginning, but the
+work has to be completed; every man, woman, and child has to be
+converted; and therefore the young Missionary collectors all over
+England, have need to renew their efforts, that many more Missionaries
+may be sent to India every year.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER FIVE.
+
+DIALOGUE BETWEEN A GENTLEMAN AND A SHEPHERD.
+
+We will now return to our history of the boy Daniel.  In the same year
+that he broke the stone serpents, he played a trick on some impostors
+who were taking part in a religious procession, which the shepherds of
+Singonahully and the neighbourhood had got up.  The shepherds in the
+Mysore country are very ignorant and very superstitious.  This may
+partly be accounted for from the fact that they live with their flocks
+in the open fields daily, from morning to night, associate little with
+their fellow-men, and seem shut out from all means of instruction.  A
+very learned Brahmin, who was at one time the Reverend William Arthur's
+Canarese teacher, wrote a number of `Village Dialogues,' and in one of
+them the shepherd is most admirably described.  The following extract is
+made in order to show the shepherd's ignorance, his creed, and his mode
+of worship.  It is a fit introduction to the Shepherds' procession which
+little Daniel interrupted.  The extract is part of a supposed dialogue
+between an English gentleman passing through the country and a shepherd,
+whom he happens to see near the public road:
+
+The shepherd had a handkerchief round his head, a grey woollen blanket
+tied like a hood, and a six-cubit piece of cloth round his loins.
+Behind him came a flock of sheep, and behind the flock, in front, and on
+both sides there were barking dogs.  The shepherd had a stick in his
+left hand, which he laid upon his left shoulder; in his right hand he
+had a long switch, and under the armpit a bag, in a small net of
+hemp-cord network; the net hung from the shoulder on the left side.
+Calling "Hus-si, hus-si, kiy-yo," to the sheep which were straggling on
+all four sides, he brought them together and drove them along; going
+sometimes before, and sometimes behind.  Whilst he was going behind, he
+saw an English gentleman coming along in a travelling carriage, and said
+to himself, "Who in the world is this?  A gentleman coming, as I'm
+alive!  Why should I stay in his way?  I'd better hide myself a bit."
+So he got behind a hedge, and fearing lest the sheep should stray, as he
+kept peeping and looking out every now and then, and huffing them with
+his cry, "Hus-si, hus-si," this gentleman saw him, and called out, "Ho
+Sir, _Gowda_, come here."  _Gowda_ is the head man of a village, and the
+word was used on this occasion respectfully.  Hearing which, the
+shepherd said to himself, "What trouble has come now?  He's calling me
+to come to him.  If I go to him, I cannot tell what he may do to me.
+And if I don't go, I cannot tell what will happen.  But they say that
+English gentlemen never do harm to anybody.  Though I hear him, I'll
+just keep quiet as though I didn't hear, and if he calls again, I'll
+go."  The gentleman, seeing the shepherd's great perplexity, and knowing
+that it was through fear that he did not come, again called out, "Ho
+Sir, Gowda, Gowda, come here; don't be afraid; I won't do anything to
+you; you need not give me anything; come here, come and have a talk."
+On which the shepherd thinking within himself, "If I don't go to him
+after this, he may get angry, and I can't tell what he will do," delayed
+a little, as though driving his sheep; when the gentleman again called,
+"Come."  "There is no getting out of it, I must go," said the shepherd
+to himself; and came near, and stood with the stick across his
+shoulders, holding the ends of the stick on both sides with his hands,
+swinging the switch that he held in his right hand, stooping, moving his
+head from side to side, and shuffling his feet.  Seeing the shepherd,
+who thus came and stood, the gentleman entered into conversation with
+him, as follows:
+
+G.  "Well, Sir, _Gowda_, who are you?"
+
+S.  "I am a shepherd, my lord."
+
+G.  "What is your name?"
+
+S.  "My name is Bit-tare Shikkanu, Sir."  (The words mean, "If you let
+him go, you won't catch him again.")
+
+G.  "Bravo!  If one let go your name, he won't catch it again, eh?
+Well, what is your god's name?"
+
+S.  "_Bir-ap-pa_ is our god, Sir."
+
+G.  "_Bir-ap-pa_, eh? what is he like?"
+
+S.  "That's good, Sir.  What should god be like?  It is in this temple."
+
+G.  "How do you worship your god? and how often?"
+
+S.  "We worship our god once a year, or once in two years, or if we miss
+that, once in three years.  When the worship is made, there is a great
+gathering, numbers of people come--wind instruments, cymbals,
+tambourines, drums, flags, beggars, devotees, stoics, bearskin-capped
+shepherd-priests,--and as for brahmins, they are without number; they
+abound wherever you look.  Besides these, shops, cocoa-nuts, plantain
+bunches, and bundles of betel leaves, innumerable mountebanks,
+ballad-singers, tumblers, companies of stage-players; all these, a great
+gathering, Sir.  Then worshipping god, presenting flowers, lighted wave
+offerings, offerings of money, of ornaments, votive offerings, and
+consecrated cattle; persons who give their hair, cocoa-nut scramblers,
+lamp bearers, offerers of fruit and flowers,--many people come together,
+and we worship our god _Bir-ap-pa_."
+
+G.  "Is the temple, where your god is, very clean?"
+
+S.  "Yes, Sir.  If god's place is not clean, what is?  God is set up in
+a stone temple.  Once a year, or once in six months, if we open the door
+we open it; if we don't, we don't.  Nobody goes there at all except at
+the feast.  If a temple like this is not clean, what is, Sir?"
+
+G.  "But don't you sweep the floor and sprinkle it with water every
+day?"
+
+S.  "Who is to sweep it every day, eh?  Once in six months, once in
+three months, or once a year, the priest opens the door, and if there be
+a feast or full moon, he sprinkles and sweeps a little, colours and
+whitewashes the walls with red earth and with white earth, streaks them,
+brings mango leaves and makes them into festoons over the door; and if
+we worship and bring flowers, we do; and if we don't, we don't.  Such a
+god is our god, Sir."
+
+G.  "Bravo! a very fine god indeed!  But what do you do to this god at
+the feast?  Tell us a bit, and let us hear."
+
+S.  "What can I tell you, Sir?  We are silly shepherds; all our language
+seems queer to you."
+
+G.  "Never mind, tell me, _Gowda_."
+
+S.  "Well, Sir, eight days before the feast, the priest must get his
+head shaved, bathe himself in water, and take but one meal a-day.
+Having thus taken but one meal a-day for eight days, he, on the
+feast-day worships the god in the temple, praises it, prostrates
+himself, and begs it to do us all good.  He then comes out and kneels in
+the court of the temple, near a stone pillar in front of the god.  He
+shuts his eyes, and rests on his hands and knees.  When he has taken
+this position, all who have come to the festival to worship our god
+_Bir-ap-pa_, bring cocoa-nuts, and going up to the pillar where the
+priest is kneeling, they take the cocoa-nuts in their hands, and press
+upon one another, each crying, `I am first, I am first.'  Then ten of
+the most respectable people come out, stand apart from the rest, make
+the people who are pressing forward stand back, and take the cocoa-nuts,
+which the people have brought, into their own hands.  Four others,
+strong men, stand near the priest; the elders hand the cocoa-nuts to
+them; and they keep on breaking them on the priest's head; the priest,
+all the time, having his eyes shut, is down on his hands and knees
+before _Bir-ap-pa_, holding out his shaven head, until great heaps of
+cocoa-nut fragments are piled up as high as an elephant on both sides of
+him.  And though so many nuts are dashed against his bare skin, the
+priest feels no pain, and never utters a sound which indicates
+suffering.  Such a glorious god is our god, Sir.  No matter what trouble
+threatens he wards it off.  He always takes care of us."
+
+G.  "How is it, master shepherd, that you do such a silly thing as this?
+There is a trick in breaking the cocoa-nuts on the head of the priest.
+The people who break the cocoa-nuts are clever jugglers.  They have a
+store of cocoa-nuts which have been previously broken and stuck together
+again.  They substitute one for the other, and so deceive the people."
+
+S.  "How it is, Sir, I don't know.  You are a gentleman and you
+understand it.  I only say what everybody says, Sir."
+
+The above dialogue shows a shepherd's creed, his ignorance, and his mode
+of worship.  And it was a festival, a procession, and worship such as
+this that the shepherds of Singonahully were celebrating when Daniel
+interfered.  The following is his own account.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER SIX.
+
+THE CRY OF "SNAKES!  SNAKES!"
+
+After some of the ceremonies had been performed in honour of the
+shepherds' god, _Bir-ap-pa_, certain consecrated things were carried by
+the priest, and others by his wife, to a particular tank, or artificial
+lake, where special washings and other purifying ceremonies had to be
+performed.  The shepherds and their relations were accompanied by
+musicians, dancing-girls, religious beggars, and many others.  They also
+had a Brahman to perform the appointed purifying ceremonies at the tank.
+These being completed the procession came back with great pomp.  The
+priest, his wife, the hired Brahman, and some others, walked on garments
+which had been spread in the way on purpose for them to walk on.  As the
+wife of the priest came along carrying a _Kalasha_, a particular kind of
+water vessel, which for the time, with its contents, was held to be pure
+and sacred, she pretended to be under the influence of some god.  She
+began to swing and roll herself about in a most strange manner, trying
+to make the multitude believe that _Bir-ap-pa_, or some other god or
+goddess, had entered into her.  She struck and kicked those persons who
+tried to hold her, and abused many in very foul language.  I saw and
+heard all this, and thought the woman was a great hypocrite.  I could
+not believe it possible that any god or goddess would compel a woman to
+act in such a foolish way.  I said to myself, "What a shameful impostor
+this woman is!"  After thinking a little as to what I could do in order
+to expose her, and shew the people that she was deceiving them, I
+watched for a favourable opportunity, and then cried out, "Snakes!
+snakes!" as loud as I could.  This produced immediate confusion.  The
+priest and his wife, through fear of being stung by the snakes, tried to
+get away; no one knew which way to run; some were knocked down, and the
+sacred things which the priest and his wife were carrying fell to the
+ground and were broken.  "The worshippers of _Bir-ap-pa_, and the mob of
+followers all dispersed in vexation and grief; but I went home greatly
+amused."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER SEVEN.
+
+SWORDS BEATEN INTO PLOUGHSHARES.
+
+In the second chapter of Isaiah, and the fourth verse, we read, "They
+shall beat their swords into ploughshares;" and by the context we know
+that these words are part of a description of that universal peace which
+will follow the preaching of the Gospel in every part of the world.
+This beautiful poetic image made use of by the prophet Isaiah, has been
+adopted by many writers ancient and modern, and the words are often
+quoted by eloquent public speakers, when referring to millennial times;
+but it is probable that none of them ever expected to hear of the words
+being literally fulfilled.  This, however, was accomplished in
+Singonahully by our little friend Daniel.  We have seen that Daniel's
+heathen name was `Chickka,' and his father's name was `Veera Chickka,'
+that is _hero Chickka_; but whether any deeds of heroism were ever
+displayed, either by Daniel's father or by any of his ancestors, is not
+upon record.  However, we do know that when his old grandfather left his
+native town and came to live at Goobbe, though he did not bring the
+image of the family goddess with him, he did bring some old swords which
+had been in the family very many years.  These swords had often been
+worshipped by Daniel's forefathers.  We may here observe, in passing,
+that all Hindoo mechanics and other workpeople regularly worship their
+tools and other instruments by which they gain their living.  They put
+up any of their implements as representations of _Vishwa Karma_, the
+architect and artificer of the gods, (_Vishwa_ means the World or the
+Universe, and _Karma_ means Work), and pray to these tools for success
+in business, war, agriculture, etcetera.  Thus a carpenter places a
+hammer or a saw before him, and putting both his hands to his forehead
+bows to the instrument, and asks for its help in the work to be done.
+The barber worships his razor; the blacksmith worships his bellows; and
+the farmer his plough, oxen, etcetera, etcetera.  Daniel's forefathers
+having worshipped these old swords, Veera Chickka continued the
+time-honoured custom.  On a special occasion he invited his relatives
+and friends to come and join in the worship, and in the feast which
+always followed it.  This happened when Daniel was about thirteen or
+fourteen years of age.  Preparatory to the worship, his parents cleaned
+the rusty swords, decorated them with flowers, and placed them upright
+against a wall.  When the proper time came, they and their visitors made
+offerings to the swords, of plantains, cocoa-nuts, rice, etcetera.
+After this, they burned incense to their ancestors who were the original
+owners of the swords, and then falling prostrate before them they all
+cried out, "O, our gods, prosper us: O, our gods, defend us."  After the
+worship was over, all the visitors partook of the feast prepared, passed
+the evening pleasantly in conversation, and the next morning returned to
+their own homes.  Daniel says, "I was much impressed with the
+foolishness of all these proceedings, and I said to myself, `What
+benefit can be derived from the worshipping of these old swords?  I am
+determined to put a stop to this in some way.'"  He thought the matter
+over several days, and by that time his plan was formed.  So one day,
+when no one saw him, he took the swords, with the box in which they had
+been carefully placed, and started for the blacksmith's shop.  But on
+the way he met his brother, who stopped him, and the following
+altercation ensued, as given in Daniel's own words: "What is that you
+have got in the box? and where are you going with it?" said my brother.
+I replied, "O, nothing in particular."  But he would not allow me to
+proceed without his looking into the box and having a plain answer to
+his question.  I therefore said, "Brother, as our people have been
+accustomed to worship these old swords, I think they had better be made
+into some proper shape.  I am therefore taking them to the blacksmith,
+that he may put them into his fire and make an idol of them."  My
+brother, on hearing this, was quite shocked, and said, "Do you mean to
+say that you are going to break up these sacred relics, which have been
+handed down to us from our heroic forefathers?  I think you are mad.  I
+will go immediately to our father and tell him what you are doing."  So
+saying he went home in great anger, and I went on to the blacksmith.
+When I arrived at his shop, I found several men outside waiting to get
+something done to their agricultural implements, and they all looked at
+me very enquiringly.  I said nothing, but put down my box of swords, and
+sat upon it.  At length the blacksmith said: "Well, Chickka, what have
+you come for?  What have you got in that box?"  I opened the box and
+shewed him the swords.  On seeing them he said, "What have you brought
+these things here for?"  I replied, "These old swords have been
+occasionally worshipped as gods in our family; but I don't see that any
+benefit can be obtained by worshipping such things; in their present
+shape they are useless; I think they may be made into something useful.
+I have therefore brought them here for you to make ploughshares of
+them."  As soon as I had uttered these words, all the farmers present
+seemed terrified, and one man exclaimed, "If you do this, your family
+will never prosper; these are gods."  I said, "Very well, we will see
+whether they are gods or not, we will give them a fair trial.  We will
+put them into the fire, and if they are gods they will jump out: and if
+they are not gods they will melt like common iron: let us see."  The
+blacksmith did what I wished.  He made one ploughshare immediately, and
+the others afterwards.  The lookers-on said nothing, but they doubtless
+expected some dreadful calamity would happen to me.  When my father
+heard what I had done, he was very angry, and said, "This boy is born to
+destroy our gods and customs."  For several days he would not allow me
+to enter his house: but in two or three weeks my father's displeasure
+passed away, and the matter of the swords was not mentioned again.  But
+all the members of our family complained that I never bowed to the idol
+when I passed the temple as they and all the other people in the village
+did.  To this, when questioned, I had only one answer, namely, "I don't
+believe that any image made by human hands can be God."  This boy was
+evidently taught of God, without the aid of any human means.  He could
+not read; the example of his parents and friends was bad, very bad; and
+he had never heard one word of Gospel Truth.
+
+Everyone who has seen an English plough will know that a few old swords
+would not supply material for one English ploughshare, but an Indian
+plough is a very different thing, and is well represented by the
+accompanying sketch.  All the iron required is a little bit at the point
+which enters the ground.  The plough is very light, and may easily be
+carried by a _boy_ from the farmer's house to his field in the morning,
+and back again in the evening.  A _man_ may be often seen carrying _two_
+ploughs, one on each shoulder.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER EIGHT.
+
+INDIAN AGRICULTURE.
+
+We may imagine that the first plough ever used in India was a crooked
+branch of a tree; and we may also imagine that when a suitable branch
+could not be found, the skill of the best mechanic in the locality was
+called into exercise to make something that would do as well as a
+crooked branch.  Then, in the course of years, some original genius
+improved upon nature by adding, when needed, a harder substance than
+wood; and hence the bit of iron now added to form the Indian
+ploughshare.  Beyond this the farmer who lived a thousand years since in
+the Mysore country did not venture to go; and the present race of
+cultivators, relying with implicit confidence on the wisdom of the
+ancients, look with suspicion on all proposed improvements.  This
+primitive instrument, represented in the engraving, having been tied to
+a bar of wood laid across the neck of two bullocks, and placed under the
+management of a ploughboy, the ground is scratched a few inches deep
+after every shower.  This process prepares the ground for the seed, and
+nature being generous, a very fair crop is produced.  In the Mysore
+country the farmers were never so prosperous as they are at the present
+day.  Thanks to English authority, the people are not oppressed as they
+were under the despotic rule of their own native princes.  The
+Government is the great landlord; the rent of round has not been very
+much increased; the taxes have been reduced, and the produce of the soil
+fetches three times the price it did forty years ago.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER NINE.
+
+HOW A SCHOOLMASTER BECAME A GOD.
+
+We have seen how some old swords were worshipped by Daniel's parents and
+friends, and we will now show how, many years ago, a god was made out of
+an old schoolmaster, and is worshipped at the present day.  The legend
+is that, about two hundred years ago, there lived in Goobbe a very
+efficient schoolmaster, who was celebrated all over that part, of the
+country for his learning, wisdom, and sanctity.  He lived to a good old
+age, and then died.  The respect in which he had been held during his
+life was manifested at his funeral, when there was a very large
+gathering of mourners.  His death was looked upon as a public calamity.
+But he would doubtless soon have been forgotten had it not been for the
+gratitude and activity of one of his pupils, named Burree Gowda.  This
+man had, during the course of twenty or thirty years, become very rich,
+and a person of considerable influence.  He attributed all his success
+in life to the teaching and good example of his old schoolmaster, and he
+felt disposed to do something to perpetuate his memory.  He therefore
+one day called together all the influential men of Goobbe, amongst whom
+there were probably a few of Burree Gowda's fellow-students, and to this
+assembly he opened his mind fully.  He enumerated the excellencies of
+his old teacher, and stated his conviction that the good schoolmaster
+was something more than an ordinary mortal; indeed, that he was an
+incarnation of some deity; adding that, being divine, he ought to be
+worshipped.  To this opinion the assembly assented.  He next proposed
+that a temple should be erected, and all arrangements secured for the
+schoolmaster being worshipped as the god `Goobbe-appa'--that is,
+Goobbe-father.  All agreed to this also, as being calculated to benefit
+the people of Goobbe, as well as to do honour to the schoolmaster.  But
+when Burree Gowda proposed to meet all the expenses himself, we may
+fairly conclude hat the proposal was carried by acclamation.  In due
+time the temple was built, an idol (the bust of a man with a face of
+gold) was made, and, with the usual ceremonies, "_Prana pratishta_" was
+performed.  This is a special ceremony, by which the Hindoos think life
+is imparted to an image, or that a god is made to enter into an idol.
+Thus they supposed that the deified old schoolmaster entered into the
+image of `Goobbe-Appa,' which had been made for him to dwell in.  And
+there, in that temple, he is the most popular god of all within twenty
+or thirty miles of Goobbe.  He is not only worshipped daily by many who
+live in the town, but also once a year by eight or ten thousands of
+people who, at the anniversary, come in from all the adjacent towns and
+villages.
+
+When Daniel was about fourteen or fifteen years of age, he had to take
+part in one of these annual festivals.  It appears that some rich man,
+probably a descendant of Burree Gowda, had determined that year to have
+a specially grand procession.  He, therefore, months before the time,
+began to make preparations.  He had a car, or carriage, made, purchased
+fireworks, lamps, torches, etcetera.  The washermen far and near were
+told to bring cloths of different colours with which to cover and
+decorate the car, and payment for them was promised.  Some people
+brought garlands of flowers, evergreens and other foliage as presents;
+so that when the procession started at midnight, with thousands of lamps
+and hundreds of torches burning, the vast crowds of people gazed with
+wonder and delight.  Daniel had to attend and help to decorate the car
+with such cloths as his father had been called upon to supply.  This
+being done, he had to carry a torch.  The procession had not proceeded
+very far before some of the cloths on the car took fire, either from the
+lamps or from the fireworks, and a terrible confusion was immediately
+produced.  The priest of the temple, who was riding upon the car, was
+very severely burned, while shrieks and cries were heard on every hand
+from many who had been knocked down and injured.  When the priest was
+helped out of the burning car he ran into some deep water to cool
+himself.  The idol also was taken out of the flames, and finished its
+journey in a palanquin.  Daniel says, "I saw all this: and at the time
+when the priest came out of the water, he ordered me to walk by his
+side, and light the way for him with the torch which I had been directed
+to carry; but as I proceeded, a sharp thorn ran into my foot, and gave
+me great pain, so that I could not walk, but was obliged to sit down.
+The priest commanded me to get up, and come along with him.  I said, `Be
+patient, my lord; I am suffering from a thorn in my foot.'  However, in
+a very loud and angry tone he said, `Get up, I command you, and come
+with me after the god.'  Then I felt angry too, and replied, `Why do you
+bawl out in that way?  The god does not want me; but if he does, I
+cannot come; I am lame; he may help himself.'  On hearing these words of
+contempt for the god, the priest abused me very much, took the torch
+from me, and ordering another person to carry it, he left me on the
+ground trying to get the thorn out of my foot.  Whilst I was lying there
+in great pain, I heard a cry of `Thieves! thieves!--robbers! thieves!'
+and saw many men running back from the burning car to the town.  I
+learned afterwards that a great many robbers had laid their plans to
+enter the town quietly as soon as the inhabitants had left their houses
+and shops to join the _Goobbe-Appa_ procession.  The thieves did not
+accomplish all they planned to do, but they stole very much valuable
+property."  All that happened at this festival served to convince Daniel
+that `Goobbe-Appa' was as helpless as any other idol, and that the
+so-called worship was senseless.
+
+This whole account of `Goobbe-Appa' shows how Hindoo ideas as to.  God
+and His worship differ from the ideas of Christians who have been
+favoured with the Holy Scriptures.  And the account will, it is hoped,
+excite pity for the Hindoo men, women and children; and induce the
+juvenile collectors, as well as others, to renewed efforts for sending
+more Missionaries to India.
+
+At the annual festival, which lasts ten days, the Missionaries are fully
+engaged distributing tracts, preaching, and conversing with serious
+inquirers who have come from distant towns and villages.  The
+accompanying sketch, in which a Missionary is preaching, was taken near
+the entrance to the town of Goobbe, close to the `Mantapa' in front of
+`Goobbe-Appa's' temple.  A mantapa is an open temple, or halting-place
+for an idol on procession days.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER TEN.
+
+THE IDOL WHICH SHED TEARS.
+
+When Daniel was about sixteen years of age, the cholera broke out for
+the first time in Goobbe.  It prevailed for about eighteen months, and
+many persons died of it every day.  The inhabitants of Singonahully, and
+of all the other villages round about, were in consequence very much
+afraid to enter the town.  One day, during the prevalence of this
+disease, an ass belonging to Daniel's father was missing.  It had
+strayed, and Daniel went from Singonahully towards Goobbe in search of
+it, but without any intention of entering the town.  On his way he met a
+great crowd of people.  There was in the crowd something different from
+anything of the kind he had ever seen.  He noticed that many of the
+people had their bodies painted yellow, and there was to him something
+very strange in their appearance, dress, and conduct.  As he was gazing
+at the people and walking slowly along, he stumbled, and fell over a
+dead body, probably a victim of the cholera.  He was very much alarmed;
+and as he got up from the ground in agitation and terror, he saw his
+uncle coming towards him, who, thinking Daniel was going into the town
+of Goobbe, threatened to beat him, and said, in a very angry tone, "Why
+are you going to that cursed place?"  To escape his uncle, Daniel run
+into the thickest part of the crowd, and he then determined to go along
+with them, and see what was to be done.  As they proceeded slowly
+towards the large tank, (lake), he saw that a few men near the front
+were carrying an image of clay in the shape of a woman.  She had been
+worshipped to avert cholera, and now the worshippers were taking the
+idol to throw it into the tank, as the last act of their devotional
+ceremony.  Daniel was a close observer of all that was done, and he saw
+at one time, when those who carried the idol held it up higher than the
+heads of the people, tears run out of its eyes.  Many persons in the
+crowd saw the tears, and they all fell prostrate before the image of
+clay, and cried aloud, "O mother, why are you shedding tears?  Tell us
+what grieves you, and we will do whatever you require."  The priest,
+immediately pretending that the goddess had entered into him, commanded,
+as if the idol spake, that more sacrifices should be offered.  On
+hearing this, all the people stood still.  They did not go on towards
+the tank, but remained just where they were, until the animals could be
+brought for the chucklers to offer them in sacrifice.  The _chucklers_
+are the lowest class of persons in India, and to Europeans it is
+unaccountable that, under any circumstances, they should be called upon
+to act as priests.  But so it is, in some localities.  They sacrifice to
+Mari, as the goddess who sends and takes away cholera and all epidemic
+diseases.  There is good ground for the opinion that these outcasts are
+the descendants of the original inhabitants of the country, and that
+they have been subjected to degradation by a succession of conquerors.
+Their invaders found them with a creed, and certain customs to avert
+diseases, with which they have never interfered.  Hence the present
+practice.  After the Goobbe procession had waited a long time, fifteen
+buffaloes and a few sheep were brought and sacrificed near the idol.
+This having been done, the weeping goddess was satisfied, as shown by
+her shedding no more tears.  The people took this as a very favourable
+indication that the cholera would cease from that moment.  They
+proceeded to the tank, threw the idol into it, and returned to their
+homes rejoicing.  Daniel, who had witnessed all these proceedings, had
+his curiosity excited, and thought there must be some deception in the
+matter of the idol shedding tears.  And in this sceptical mood he went
+home to Singonahully perplexed, but resolving to get at the truth if
+possible.  The idol had not been thrown into deep water, and he
+determined to rise early next morning, go to the tank, and examine the
+head and eyes of the idol.  He did so, and the following is his own
+account: "Before daybreak I ran from my father's house to the place
+where I had seen the idol thrown into the water, and I found it, just as
+it had been left the previous evening.  I saw many plantains,
+cocoa-nuts, and other things, which had been offered to the idol,
+scattered about on the ground.  Such as were not spoiled, I collected in
+order to take them home with me.  Having done this, I commenced my
+examination of the image.  I broke its head, and the whole mystery was
+revealed at once.  I found in the head an earthen vessel, round as a
+ball, with two small holes in it; these corresponded with the eyes of
+the image; and I perceived that when the vessel had a good quantity of
+water in it, if those who carried the image made it lean forward a
+little, a small quantity of water would ooze out of these holes, and
+trickle down the face of the image like tears.  I rejoiced greatly that
+I had found out the trick by which the people had been deceived; and,
+chuckling, I took up the fruit which I had collected, and went back to
+Singonahully without anyone knowing what I had done.  I was afraid to
+take my load of cocoa-nuts and plantains to my father's house, lest I
+should be questioned as to where I had been and what I had done; so I
+hid all my booty in a hollow banyan tree outside the village, and
+resorted to this store-house whenever I wanted a treat.  However, when
+my young friends and others saw that every day I had an abundance of
+good things to eat, they were desirous of knowing where I got them.
+After a little delay, I told one of my young friends, not only where I
+obtained the fruit, but also an that I had done with the idol.  He was
+terrified; and running into the village, he published the whole affair.
+The villagers were alarmed; they feared some dreadful result, and
+wondered at my wickedness.  From Singonahully the news was soon carried
+to Goobbe, and I was summoned to appear before the chief magistrate of
+the town.  He heard all that my accusers had to say, which I admitted to
+be true.  He was very angry, and said to me, `On account of your
+wickedness, the cholera has not been removed yet, and as a punishment
+you must be imprisoned for a long time.'  I was immediately sent to the
+jail; but after I had been confined there two or three days, I had an
+opportunity of speaking to the magistrate; and I then told him how the
+people had been deceived, and cheated out of their sheep and buffaloes,
+and how I had discovered the trick when I broke the head of the idol.
+He was evidently annoyed, either at the deception practised on the
+people or at the fact being discovered; and after a few minutes'
+hesitation, he released me from prison."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER ELEVEN.
+
+DANIEL IN TROUBLE.
+
+About that time Daniel's mother became insane, and her friends were all
+of opinion that she was possessed of an evil spirit.  This troubled
+Daniel, for he loved his mother very much.  The remedy for such cases
+was prescribed, and the foolish ceremonies were duly performed by
+Daniel's father.  After several months the poor woman recovered, and it
+was supposed by all the friends and neighbours that her cure was
+produced by the ceremonies, charms, and incantations which had been
+made.  It does not appear that Daniel raised any objections to the
+performance of these superstitious ceremonies, or, on the other hand,
+that he had any faith in their efficacy; but he rejoiced greatly when
+his mother was restored to soundness of mind.  Daniel says: "When I was
+about nineteen years of age, I gave myself up to many wicked practices,
+and my conduct for many months was very immoral.  Our family was poor,
+and I determined to leave Singonahully for some place where I might get
+on a little better in the world.  But one of my uncles, who was a
+wealthy man, interposed, and took me to his house.  He set me to work in
+his fields, and assist him generally in agricultural operations.  Whilst
+so employed, I wished to be married, but met with two difficulties: the
+first was poverty.  My father had no money; and as the marriage
+ceremonies and feasts are always expensive, I knew not what to do.  Then
+there was another hindrance: the father of my intended wife withdrew the
+consent he had formerly given to the marriage, on account of my conduct
+in connection with the cholera goddess.  But my generous uncle
+interposed, and induced him to give his consent.  And then he removed
+the other difficulty by paying all the marriage expenses himself.  With
+this uncle we lived many years in Goobbe; and when he became an old man,
+I managed his farm for him, and at the same time I carried on my work as
+village washerman."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER TWELVE.
+
+THE FIRST SERMON PREACHED IN GOOBBE.
+
+On the 1st of September, 1836, Goobbe received the first visit of a
+Protestant Missionary.  The following is an extract from Mr Hodson's
+Journal: "After spending a few days with Captain (now General) Dobbs at
+Toomcoor, I rode over to Goobbe, a distance of twelve miles.  When I had
+arrived within about a mile of the town, I was met by a number of the
+principal inhabitants, who expected Captain Dobbs.  On finding out their
+mistake, they politely paid me the compliments intended for their local
+governor.  They accompanied me to the `gate of the city,' and their
+trumpeter gave notice to the whole town that `a person of distinction'
+had arrived, and it was very soon known to every one who loved to hear
+news that the visitor was a Missionary.  After breakfast, which Captain
+Dobbs' servant had prepared for me, I went into some of the principal
+streets of Goobbe to make my observations on the suitability of the
+place for a mission-station.  In one of the streets I met with a
+Christian young man, who had been schoolmaster at Toomcoor, who rendered
+me some assistance.  After taking an extensive survey of the place, I
+returned to the first gate, and seeing a large shop, open to the street,
+unoccupied, I took possession of it, and requested the young man above
+mentioned to read part of a Canarese tract which he had in his hand.  A
+few people entered the room, but the greater number stood in the street,
+about two feet below the shop.  Novelty brought a congregation of about
+one hundred, to whom, after the young native man had done reading, I
+gave a short address on the plan of salvation, and an exhortation to
+repent and believe in Christ."  When this first little sermon was
+preached in Goobbe, Daniel and his wife had been living there several
+years.  This day was the commencement of a new era in Daniel's life.
+Hitherto, from his youth up, though he despised idol-worship, he knew
+nothing about the one true God.  Like his neighbours, he believed there
+were millions of gods, who filled various offices in the government of
+the world.  He had heard of many incarnations of the chief deities,
+whose good and evil actions are recorded in books held sacred by the
+Hindoos.  He had very confused notions about a future state, but thought
+there would be a `judgment' of some kind, followed by rewards and
+punishments.  Also, like all other Hindoos, he was of opinion that when
+a man dies his soul does not go direct to heaven or to hell, but that it
+passes into some other body: it may be the body of a human being, or it
+may be into that of a beast, a bird, a fish, or an insect.  And then,
+after millions of migrations like these, the soul either finds a
+permanent state of existence according to its fate, or its identity is
+lost by being absorbed into deity.
+
+Shortly after Daniel heard the first Gospel sermon, Mr Franklin, an
+assistant Missionary, was sent by Mr Hodson from Bangalore to Goobbe,
+to make certain arrangements for building a mission-house.  With him
+Daniel had long and interesting conversations.  He says: "I was walking
+one morning with Mr Franklin outside the town of Goobbe, looking at
+some land which he thought would be suitable for building a
+mission-house upon, and, turning, he saw some tombs.  He took hold of my
+hand, and said, `What are those?'  I replied, `They are tombs--that is,
+the place where the dead are buried.'  He added: `You and I must die and
+be buried.  We shall turn to dust; but there will be a resurrection of
+the bodies of all men, the raised body will be re-united with its soul,
+and dwell for, ever either in happiness or in misery.  The true
+worshippers of the one true God will go to heaven, and the others to
+hell.  These truths are written in the Christian's _Shastras_.  Mr
+Hodson and I intend coming to live at Goobbe, and then we will teach all
+the people the way to heaven.'  I was not much impressed with what he
+said about the Christian Scriptures, but replied, `When Mr Hodson
+comes, I hope I shall be employed by him as his washerman?'"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER THIRTEEN.
+
+WESLEYAN MISSION COMMENCED AT GOOBBE.
+
+In April, 1837, Mr and Mrs Hodson went to live at Goobbe.  At first
+they dwelt in tents, and then they built a little cottage, of which the
+accompanying sketch gives a fair representation.  The walls, about six
+feet high, were made of mud, the roof was thatch, and the rooms were
+small and few.  But the Missionary and his wife found it very
+comfortable when the weather was fine, though when it rained they were
+subject to many little inconveniences.  This mission cottage, situated
+on the brow of a rising ground, commanded a pleasant and extensive
+prospect.  In the front there was a view over hill and dale, wood and
+water, for fifty or sixty miles.  On one side the low flat lands, well
+watered from a large tank, were covered with rich crops of rice.  On
+other sides there were patches of varied cultivation, interspersed with
+clumps of trees, as well as large tracts of uncultivated land, used as
+common pasturage for all the cattle of the town.  To these unenclosed
+grounds cows, sheep, etcetera, were driven out every morning, and after
+grazing all day, were brought back into the town of Goobbe every
+evening.  Occasionally, a shepherd's boy, reclining on the ground near
+his sheep, played sweetly on an instrument, newly made by himself out of
+some hollow vegetable stalk, but which in an hour or two, on its
+becoming dry or injured, he would break and throw away as a useless
+`bruised reed.'  The Missionary has often sat at his cottage door
+admiring these beauties of nature, when unexpectedly a few graceful
+timid antelopes have run across the garden in front of him, adding life
+as well as beauty to the scene.  On a Sunday morning he often fancied
+every thing appeared clearer, brighter and more beautiful than on other
+days.  There was, however, one dark cloud hanging over all this
+loveliness, in the fact that the town of Goobbe, just at the foot of the
+hill was wholly given to idolatry:
+
+  "Every prospect pleases,
+  Only man is vile."
+
+The Missionary and his assistant went forth daily from their poor abodes
+carrying the riches of the Gospel either into one of the streets of
+Goobbe, or to some of the numerous villages within seven or eight miles
+of the mission cottage, and preached in the open air to as many people
+as they could collect; and when a congregation could not be obtained,
+they went from house to house, and thus made known the plan of
+salvation.  When they went the first time to any village the people
+stood in the attitude of attention, but what they heard was so new, that
+more of wonder than intelligence was manifested by all.  After a few
+visits, when information had increased a little, there was still a
+manifest disinclination to accept the truth.  Because, for a Hindu to be
+told that in order to salvation he must forsake the idols which his
+forefathers have worshipped for hundreds of years, and adopt the creed
+laid down in the _Shastras_ of another nation, is to him the height of
+absurdity.  And it very frequently happened that at the conclusion of a
+sermon the Missionary would hear some one say, "Very good, all very
+true; your religion is good for you, and ours is good for us."
+
+Very few of the people were able to read, so that the distribution of
+tracts was very limited.  They invited all serious enquirers to the
+cottage to talk about Christianity.  Amongst the women who came, some
+had sickly children with them.  On seeing this, Mrs Hodson administered
+some simple medicines, which cured several, and their parents
+attributing the cure to the favour of the Missionary's God, they were
+for a time very anxious to hear more about Jesus Christ.  Reports of
+these cures were exaggerated, and so mixed up with the New Testament
+accounts of the miracles performed by Jesus Christ in raising the dead,
+opening the eyes of the blind, etcetera, that one poor woman brought her
+child, who had been blind three years, in hopes that Mrs Hodson would
+be able to restore its sight.  Amongst the more intelligent visitors was
+Daniel: and one evening, just after the tent, as a residence, had been
+abandoned for the thatched cottage, Mrs Hodson went with her husband to
+see Daniel's village, Singonahully.  No English lady had ever been in
+the village before, so that there was considerable excitement produced
+by the visit.  Mr Hodson says, "As we drew near to the gate of the
+village we saw two or three boys running to let their parents and others
+know that the Missionary and his wife were coming.  On entering, Daniel
+showed us his house, and in a very short time nearly all the people of
+the village, men, women, and children, were gathered together."  Having
+such a large congregation, Mr Hodson preached a short sermon, but with
+very little good effect, especially on the minds of the women, for their
+attention was evidently much more occupied with the shape, colour and
+material of Mrs Hodson's dress than with anything her husband said to
+them.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER FOURTEEN.
+
+VILLAGE WASHERMAN.
+
+Daniel was by this time regularly installed as Mission Washerman.  There
+is no such person as a _washerwoman_ amongst the Hindoos.  Men do the
+washing in India, and their manner of doing it is very different from
+the English mode.  Instead of using wash-tubs, etcetera, etcetera, as an
+English washerwoman does, the Indian washerman loads a donkey or two
+with the dirty clothes, takes them to a tank of good clean water, and
+there, in the open air, he performs all his purifying operations.  Close
+to the water's edge there is placed a sloping piece of wood, or a large
+flat stone.  The washerman standing close to it, dips the cloth or
+garment into the water, and taking hold of one end gives the other,
+which has been dipped, a good swing in the air and brings it down on the
+wood or stone with a heavy splashing thump.  This is repeated again and
+again, until the cloth or garment is clean.  It is then laid out on the
+grass or rock to dry.  In this way Daniel and his relatives had done all
+the washing required by the farmers and others, in Goobbe and
+Singonahully, for many years.  In their cases ironing or mangling was
+never thought of.  When, therefore, Daniel was sent for to do the
+Mission-house washing and ironing, he expressed his readiness to do the
+former, but doubted his ability to perform the latter, and expressed
+many fears.  But Mrs Hodson shewed him how to wash and also to iron her
+dresses in the way she wished to have them done.  She made him a present
+of an iron, taught him how to use it, so that, in due time, his work was
+pronounced satisfactory, and it was acknowledged by all that Daniel
+stood at the head of his profession--that his skill exceeded that of any
+other washerman within a circuit of many miles round Goobbe.  This
+little act of kindness in giving the iron to Daniel, was gratefully
+remembered by him as long as he could remember anything, and he would
+occasionally shew it to visitors.  Under other circumstances he would
+doubtless have worshipped that smoothing iron as his forefathers did the
+old swords.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER FIFTEEN.
+
+FIRST MISSION-HOUSE AT GOOBBE.
+
+Mrs Hodson laid the foundation brick of the Goobbe Mission House on the
+24th of May, 1838.  The building was finished on the 17th of August
+following, and cost 180 pounds.  A few days after it was finished, Mr
+and Mrs John Jenkins, with their child, came to live at Goobbe, and had
+half the new house (namely, one large room and two small ones) given up
+to them; the two mission families cheerfully sacrificing a few comforts
+for the benefit of having an additional preacher in the Circuit.  We
+have seen how Daniel, even when a lad, and without the gospel, treated
+idols and idolatry; but after the gospel had been preached to him and to
+his neighbours, the people of his village came round very much to his
+opinion, greatly to the encouragement of the Missionaries.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER SIXTEEN.
+
+AN ABANDONED HEATHEN TEMPLE.
+
+On the 11th of October, 1839, Mr Arthur joined Mr Jenkins at Goobbe,
+and by that time the fruit of past labour was beginning to appear; not
+in the shape of individual conversions, but in an extensive neglect of
+idol-worship, particularly in Singonahully.  Mr Arthur gives the
+following account: "About the time of my arrival, the inhabitants of the
+place declared that they had abandoned idolatry, and would no more
+honour the temple of Runga.  To test their sincerity, Mr Jenkins one
+morning, asked them whether he might go to the temple.  `O, by all
+means.'  `Might we enter?'  `Yes; go where you like.'  `Might we enter
+without taking off our shoes?'  `Certainly; we don't care who goes, or
+how: we have given up the idol.'  This was strong proof that their old
+feelings had vanished; and, accordingly, at the temple we found no
+obstacle to our entrance.  Shod and covered, we passed up through the
+outer apartment to the sanctuary, where sat the grim image of Runga,
+incrusted in the congealed oil and _ghee_ of many anointings, with the
+lightless lamp before him, faded garlands hanging round his neck, loads
+of dust settled on his person, and part of the roof falling in directly
+above.  No room remained for doubt.  The faith which once adored Runga
+had changed into contempt; and we rejoiced over that forsaken idol, as
+an earnest of better days.  On afterwards enquiring what induced them to
+withdraw the confidence they had so long reposed in Runga, they
+answered, `You,' (meaning the Missionaries), `told us that the god did
+not protect us, but that we protected the god; that if we only left him
+alone, we should see that he could not take care of himself; and if he
+could not take care of himself, how could he take care of us?  Now we
+thought that was a _buddhi matu_,' (a word of sense), `and so we
+resolved to see whether he could take care of himself or not; for we
+felt certain that if he could not take care of himself, it was out of
+the question that he could take care of us.  Accordingly we discontinued
+_pooja_ (worship).  We soon found he could not keep the lamp burning,
+nor the garlands fresh, nor the temple clean, nor do a single thing for
+himself.  The lamp went out, the flowers withered, the temple became
+dirty; and then,' (they added, laughing) `the roof fell in, just over
+his head, and there he sat, _soommanay_ (tamely) under it; so we saw
+very well he could not take care of himself.  Notwithstanding all this,
+we had some fears that the return of their annual feast-day would revive
+their love for heathenish merry-makings with a force too strong for
+their new convictions.  The day came, and we watched the village
+narrowly.  There was no car, no procession, no music: and, when night
+came, no _tom-tom_ was beaten, no rocket sent up, nor any other sign
+that it was the day of Runga.'  One morning, when preaching in the
+village, I observed that the old man who used to conduct the services of
+the temple, was not in the congregation; and feeling, for the moment, a
+suspicion lest he should have returned to his former occupation, I
+asked, `Where is the _poojari_?'  A young man instantly replied,
+smiling, and patting his person, `O, he has gone to the fields with the
+cattle: now that the temple is given up, he must do something for his
+stomach.'"
+
+
+
+CHAPTER SEVENTEEN.
+
+AN IDOL THROWN OUT OF A TEMPLE.
+
+Mr Male, who succeeded Mr Jenkins at Goobbe, has left upon record a
+further account of what happened to the idol Runga.  He says, "One day
+in August, 1842, as I was returning from Toomcoor to Goobbe, I overtook
+a Brahman, and in the course of conversation he enquired whether or not
+I had heard of what had befallen Singonahully _Runga Swami_.  I replied
+that I had not.  He then said, `_Runga Swami_ has been thrown out of his
+temple, and is now outside the door among the stones.'
+
+"`Well,' I said, `what do you think will be done?'  He answered, `Why,
+formerly, a great deal of money would have been collected, and with it
+many things would have been done to purify the god; and then he would
+have been replaced in the temple; but now the people care nothing about
+it, no money will be given and nothing will be done.  If anything be
+said to the people of the village on the subject, they will say, "What
+can we do?  We have nothing to give: we did not throw the god out,
+etcetera, etcetera."'" Mr Male adds, "The remarks of the Brahman were
+very true, for the people did not do anything to reinstate the idol.  I
+spoke to them several times about the downfall of their god, but they
+made very light of the matter.  However, after the idol had been thus
+degraded for many weeks, some villagers, out of pity to the poor old
+priest, promised that they would reinstate the idol when they had money
+enough to pay for all the ceremonies.  The priest, therefore, in order
+to preserve the idol from further indignities, and also to commence the
+process of purification, put it into a well near the temple, to remain
+there, until the villagers performed their promise."  The next event,
+cheering to the Missionaries, was the baptism of Daniel.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER EIGHTEEN.
+
+BAPTISM OF DANIEL.
+
+In the beginning of 1843, the mind of Daniel was brought under a very
+powerful and gracious influence of the Holy Spirit, which produced an
+ardent desire for salvation.  Hitherto he had been an opponent of
+idolatry, and he had manifested an interest in the doctrines of
+Christianity, but he had never shown any deep conviction of his
+sinfulness and danger, nor any desire to obtain pardon and purity.  He
+had been a diligent hearer of the Word of God, and he had studied its
+truths well.  The Missionaries had established a school in Singonahully,
+and visited it regularly to examine the boys.  At these times many of
+the parents attended, and took great interest in the progress of their
+children.  Daniel used very frequently to sit in the school listening to
+the lessons, and, though he was never able to read himself, he had his
+children taught, and made them read the Scriptures to him day by day for
+many years.  He was blessed with a very retentive memory and with good
+common sense, so that he had a very fair acquaintance with the history,
+the biography, and the doctrinal teaching of both the Old and the New
+Testament.  And now, to this knowledge, there was added that special
+working of the Holy Spirit, which produced deep conviction of sin, and
+an anxious desire to escape eternal punishment.  He says, "I regularly
+attended the preaching of the Missionaries, and always felt interested
+in what they taught, but I did not feel any serious concern for
+salvation until Mr Hardey came to live at Goobbe.  Under his teaching
+and prayers I was brought to a better mind; but even then there were
+some sins which I did not wish to give up.  I wanted to save my soul and
+yet retain some pecuniary advantages connected with heathenism.  I and
+my family had often conversed about our all becoming Christians, and
+they, everyone of them, always declared that they would follow me.  This
+cheered and comforted me.  But, for a long time, as often as I decided
+to go and open my mind to the Missionaries, so often did some strong
+temptation turn me aside.  I feared my uncle who had been very kind to
+me.  And then I thought, all my relations will disown me, and they will
+unite with other heathens in persecuting me, so that my life will be
+made miserable.  Thus I went on month after month.  But at length, in
+answer to prayer, I received power to decide for Christ and against the
+world.  I went immediately and told Mr Hardey all that was in my heart.
+After this, he and Nallamuttoo, the Catechist, daily instructed me and
+prayed with me for many weeks.  I felt the benefit of this teaching, and
+by Divine aid I was able to say, `I give up all for Christ.'  One day
+while under this course of instruction, I felt very anxious to be
+baptised without further delay, and I asked Mr Hardey to fix upon a day
+for the baptism.  This being done I went home and told my wife and
+children what I had done: and they all said, `we will do as you do.'
+Mr Male was at this time living in Mysore, but as he had known and
+instructed me before Messrs. Hardey and Sanderson came to live at
+Goobbe, he was requested by them to come and perform this sacrament of
+baptism.  On his arrival he had a long conversation with me.  He asked
+me many questions, warned me as to coming persecutions, and exhorted me
+to watchfulness, prayer, and faith.  I said, `I believe that in every
+difficulty God will be my friend and protector.  By Divine help, I shall
+be able to endure: and I am prepared to give up all for Christ.'"
+
+The day fixed for the baptism was Sunday, the 13th of August, 1843; and
+the place was the Goobbe chapel, near the fort gate, not the present
+chapel, but the one which was first built in that locality.  Out of
+curiosity many came to see a baptism, and amongst them several of
+Daniel's relatives.  Mr Male conducted the usual Sunday morning
+service, and the large congregation was very attentive, both during the
+sermon and whilst he read a portion of the baptismal service; but when
+by his movements it became evident to those natives in the congregation
+who were nearest to him that he was about to make some use of the water,
+which was in the vessel on a table in front of him, they shrunk back
+upon the people behind them, and in a moment there was a panic.  Some,
+not knowing exactly how the water would be used, and fearing that a drop
+or two might by chance fall on them, so as to make them Christians
+without their consent, rushed to the door; others, in ignorance,
+followed; and as all tried to get out of the chapel at once, the doorway
+was soon blocked up.  Then a few men scrambled out at the windows; and
+in the scuffle two or three children were knocked down, but no one was
+seriously hurt.  The confusion and noise put a stop to the sacred
+service for several minutes.  But when all the congregation had gone out
+except Daniel and his four sons, Mr Male proceeded with the service
+without further interruption.  The people who had escaped out of the
+chapel remained near to it in the street until the service was over.  A
+few peeped in at the open door and windows to gratify their curiosity.
+The father was named Daniel, and his four sons were named respectively
+John, Peter, Timothy, Samuel.  There were some hindrances in the way of
+Daniel's wife being baptised with her husband and children; but as Mr
+Male happened to be passing through Goobbe six months afterwards, he
+baptised her then, giving her the name of Sarah, as previously fixed
+upon.  After the baptism of Daniel and Sarah they continued to live in
+the village of Singonahully, without any serious persecution from their
+heathen neighbours.  This may, perhaps, be accounted for on the ground
+that the villagers having no love for idolatry, generally approved of
+Daniel's conduct in embracing Christianity.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER NINETEEN.
+
+DANIEL AND THE VILLAGE PRIEST.
+
+After his baptism Daniel was very consistent in his conduct as a
+Christian, and in a quiet way attempted to promote the spiritual
+well-being of his neighbours.  He was well qualified by his knowledge of
+the Scriptures to set forth the truth as it is in Jesus; and was "ready
+always to give an answer to every man that asked him a reason of the
+hope that was in him with meekness and fear;" and his word was often
+accompanied with divine power.  He had long disputations with the
+village priest, (a nephew of the man who was priest when the idol was
+thrown out of the temple).  His case is a very interesting one.  He was
+a sincere enquirer, and became a regular attendant at Daniel's family
+prayer.  He said one day to the Missionary, "Although I have walked
+daily several miles to gather flowers, after bathing and putting on my
+temple garments; although I have gone into the temple and made offerings
+to the idol; although I have done all this in sincerity to the present
+time--this idol, neither in my dreams nor when awake, has ever said,
+`Thy sins are forgiven thee.'  Although from fear lest the idol should
+destroy me, I have fasted and prayed, it never said to me, `Thou shalt
+escape hell and enjoy heaven.'  Therefore the idol is a lie, and I
+forsake it.  I embrace Jesus Christ as my Saviour and my God."  Mr
+Walker gives the following account of him:--"A few days ago, just as I
+was leaving the village of Singonahully, after preaching, I saw the
+_poojari_ with his guitar in his hand, going off to another village to
+beg his bread for the day.  I stopped him, and we entered into
+conversation on the sin of idol-worship.  I told him that in order to
+obtain salvation it was absolutely necessary for him to abandon his
+idols and embrace Christ as his only and present Saviour.  He tried to
+appear unconcerned, and said, `It is getting late; I must go for alms,'
+and left me.  In a few days he came to the Goobbe Chapel, and after the
+sermon I spoke pointedly to him, asking him, in the presence of the
+whole congregation, if he was desirous of obtaining salvation.  He said,
+`I am.'  I asked if his idols could save him.  He answered, `No.'  I
+then said, `If you will, with all your heart, believe in Christ and
+become His disciple, He will save you.'  Throughout this conversation
+all the people looked at him in amazement.  After a few days I went
+again to Singonahully, and saw the _poojari_ in company with Daniel.  I
+preached to a small congregation from a part of the eighth Chapter of
+Saint Matthew's Gospel; and in my sermon I proved the divinity of our
+Lord Jesus Christ from the miraculous cure he wrought upon the leper.  I
+showed to them the leprosy of sin; and after dwelling upon the awful
+consequences of sin, I exhorted the people to seek for the healing of
+their spiritual maladies by faith in Jesus Christ.  This done, the
+_poojari_ and Daniel accompanied me to my house.  At Daniel's request I
+read the parable of the Pharisee and Publican, and commented on it.  The
+next morning the _poojari_ came to my house again, and said he wished to
+be baptised.  I exhorted him to stand steadfast, by faith in Christ, and
+then prayed with him.  He appeared to be deeply affected.  He came with
+Daniel to our next Class-meeting, and joined heartily in our devotions.
+In a day or two he came to my house again, and gave me the idol which he
+and his family had worshipped for many years."  He then went home, and
+told his wife what he had done with the idol, and that he had made up
+his mind to become a Christian.  His wife on hearing this began to beat
+her breast and cry bitterly.  She threatened to go to the mission-house,
+pull out her tongue and die there.  The heathen people in Singonahully,
+hearing that the priest had given Mr Walker the idol which he and his
+family had worshipped, became alarmed, and secured the keys of a temple
+inside the village, where the priest officiated daily, lest the idol in
+it should also be taken and given to the Missionary.  After a few days
+the priest's wife ceased her opposition, and began herself to converse
+with Daniel's wife and others about the truths of Christianity.  The
+villagers annoyed the priest in every possible way.  As he could not
+remain peaceably in his own house, he left the village, and the
+Missionary gave him a room on the mission premises.  Sunday, December
+20th, 1846, was the day fixed on for the baptism.  The place was the
+chapel in which Daniel had been baptised about three years previously.
+The congregation was unusually large, and a solemn awe rested upon the
+people.  The interest increased as the service proceeded.  _Vysha Runga_
+was the priest's heathen name.  After he had answered all the questions
+proposed to him in the presence of the congregation, he was baptised in
+the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, and was henceforth
+known by the name of Abraham.  On the same day he voluntarily took food
+with the other Christians, as a public announcement that he had broken
+his caste.  The Missionaries considered that Daniel was the chief
+instrument, in the hands of God, of this man's conversion.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER TWENTY.
+
+DANIEL "MADE A MARRIAGE FOR HIS SON."
+
+In the year 1848 Daniel "made a marriage for his son," and the
+Missionaries fearing that he might go to some excess either in
+expenditure or in some worldly conformity, gave him special warning, and
+watched over the preparations with anxious care.  On the wedding day a
+great number of the friends of both families assembled, and amongst them
+were many heathens.  There were present some who at one time had
+manifested the greatest hostility to Daniel on account of his baptism.
+They had refused him access to their houses, and invoked the most
+dreadful calamities upon him and his family for renouncing the religion
+of his fathers.  However, in many things Daniel had prospered: the
+blessing of God upon his diligence had placed him in better
+circumstances than he was in when he embraced Christianity.  There was a
+cheerful generosity in his manner which was well calculated to remove
+unpleasant feelings, whilst respect was gained by his consistent
+Christian deportment.  This was an illustration of the proverb, "When a
+man's ways please the Lord he maketh even his enemies to be at peace
+with him."  After the marriage ceremony was over, all went together to
+Daniel's house, which was not large enough to contain half of them.  But
+he had, as is usual on festive occasions, erected a temporary covering
+at the front part of the house, which was very cool and pleasant.  Here
+at eight o'clock in the evening the marriage supper commenced, and
+without a drawback of any kind all went on very pleasantly.  But the
+Missionaries felt anxious lest there should be, through mistaken
+kindness, a yielding in some degree to the customs followed at heathen
+weddings.  They therefore determined to go from the mission-house to
+Singonahully, so as to arrive about the time when the supper would be
+over, and heathens, on such occasions, would commence their music,
+dancing, etcetera.  They thought that if any ill-advised arrangements
+had been contemplated they would thus be averted; and also that their
+presence would be a mark of interest felt in the happiness of the
+newly-married pair.  The delight of the Missionaries may be imagined
+when, as they approached the house, they not only found all to be peace
+and good order, but what was more gratifying, the bridegroom was reading
+a Chapter of the New Testament, and Daniel was commenting, at proper
+intervals, upon what was read, endeavouring to explain and apply the
+words.  The Missionaries sat down in the temporary verandah, where they
+spent a happy half-hour with the wedding party in religious conversation
+and prayer.  Daniel was full of joy.  This was his "family prayer" on a
+larger scale than usual.  He said to all present, with gratitude to God,
+"When I became a Christian, my neighbours told me that I should never be
+able to get my children married, nor even to procure bread for my
+family.  But God has supplied all my wants.  Whatever I have needed He
+has given, and I have no fears as to the future."  The Missionaries
+returned home truly thankful to God for this instance of His preserving
+grace.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER TWENTY ONE.
+
+THE GOOBBE CIRCUIT GIVEN UP.
+
+Up to this time Daniel had been sustained by Divine power against all
+the opposition of his _enemies_.  He had been tried and found faithful.
+But now he had to endure trial from the conduct of his best friends--the
+Missionaries and the Missionary Committee.  In the year 1851, the
+Society was in debt to a large amount, so that retrenchment was resorted
+to, and the Mysore District was one of the sufferers.  In this
+difficulty the District Meeting decided to abandon the Goobbe Circuit.
+In accordance with this decision, not only were the Missionaries
+removed, but the Goobbe mission-house, the Goobbe chapel, in which
+Daniel had been baptised, the school-rooms, and all other buildings,
+were sold.  When the idol was tumbled out of the temple, _Christianity_
+triumphed; and when the house of God was sold, _heathenism_ triumphed.
+That was not only a bitter day to good old Daniel, but _a terrible blow
+to the cause of Christ in Goobbe_.  Enquirers after the way of salvation
+enquired no more.  Some who had taken a few steps in the narrow path
+turned back, and never entered it again; while every heathen priest
+found in this breaking up of the Mission a powerful argument to keep his
+disciples out of the way to heaven.  Whenever Daniel went from his own
+village to Goobbe, he was derided by the heathen, as Pilgrim was at
+Vanity Fair.  The blasphemy and ridicule with which he was assailed were
+almost unbearable.  One day especially he was most severely tried.  As
+he was going along one of the principal streets some of the `lewd
+fellows of the baser sort' were most insulting and abusive; and a few
+shopkeepers joined them in ridiculing the Christian.  His own account is
+this: Some said, "What! did your Missionaries leave Goobbe because they
+had no food?"  "They had nothing to eat, so they sold the bungalow, and
+the schools, and even God's house!  Such is your fate.  Have they given
+you any of the money to live upon?"  I replied, "God will not forsake
+me.  When I was an enemy to God, He protected and took care of me; and
+now I am His child, will He forsake me?  Never!"  They said, "Will your
+God maintain you if you sit doing nothing at home?"  I answered, "It is
+idleness to sit quietly at home.  God has given me strength and a mind
+to work for my living."  One said, "You spoiled your caste when you had
+every comfort; you are mad."  One man, without attempting to ridicule,
+said solemnly, "All that has happened to him was his fate; it was
+written in his forehead; let him alone."  Of course Daniel was much
+distressed.  He went home quite cast down, and in tears told his wife
+how the people had ridiculed him, and how dejected he felt.  But she
+comforted him by saying--"We are called to bear all these reproaches for
+Christ's sake, and He will support us under them; He will never forsake
+us."  At night he had a portion of God's Word read to him as usual, and
+at family prayer he was much comforted: his faith and hope were
+strengthened.  In this way he went on for four or five years, without
+any human help except an occasional visit from a Missionary, who, on a
+preaching tour, turned aside to spend a few hours with him.  Daniel
+says, "One day the Reverend Messrs. Sanderson and Hardey called to see
+us, and I exclaimed, `O, Sirs, we are left here as sheep without a
+shepherd.  You have planted a young tree, but it is dying for want of
+water.  The people reproach us, saying, "Your Missionaries having no
+food, have sold the mission-house, the schools, and even the house of
+God."'" Messrs. Sanderson and Hardey did and said all they could to
+comfort and encourage the few forsaken Christians, and their effort was
+not in vain.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER TWENTY TWO.
+
+THE GOOBBE CIRCUIT RECOMMENCED.
+
+In the course of three or four years there was an improvement in the
+pecuniary circumstances of the Missionary Society, and arrangements were
+made for recruiting the Mysore District.  In connection with these
+changes, Mr Hodson returned to India.  He landed at Madras January 1st,
+1854.  After being detained there several months, he went to live at
+Bangalore, and paid his first visit to Goobbe on the 16th of April,
+1855.  He found the old mission-house in a very dilapidated state.  It
+had become the property of Government, and was used as a travellers'
+bungalow--a public rest-house for every traveller passing that way who
+needed accommodation.  Mr Hodson and Daniel soon had an interview, and
+the past days of trial were brought under review.  In the midst of all
+difficulties and persecutions Daniel had `kept the faith.'  In his
+conversation with Mr Hodson, he referred to the time when the first
+sermon was preached in Goobbe, his being employed by Mrs Hodson, his
+conviction of sin, and his baptism.  He stated with wonderful
+correctness many events that had happened in the Mission from its
+commencement to that day; and some of them were referred to with deep
+feeling.  When Mr Hodson said, "We will try to re-purchase this house,
+build a new chapel, and put a Missionary to live at Goobbe again,"--the
+good man wept with joy.  He said that this revival of the Mission had
+been his prayer and hope ever since the Missionaries went away.  The
+Government re-sold the mission-house to Mr Hodson for the sum they had
+paid the Mission for it.  Under Mr Sullivan's care the house was put
+into complete repair, and a good substantial chapel was built in the
+town of Goobbe.  Mr Hodson preached the opening sermon, June 12th,
+1860.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER TWENTY THREE.
+
+A CONVERTED VILLAGE BLACKSMITH.
+
+We have already seen how Daniel tried to bring his heathen neighbours
+into the way to heaven; but another instance of his successful efforts
+is given by Mr Sullivan, the then resident Missionary: "Runga was a
+blacksmith, a very immoral man, who lived in Singonahully.  Daniel
+instructed him and warned him.  He told him of heaven and hell; showed
+him that unless he repented and believed in Christ he could not be
+saved.  Sometimes Runga was attentive, and his case seemed hopeful, but
+at other times it was quite the reverse.  At length he yielded to
+Daniel's invitation, and attended morning and evening in Daniel's house
+at the time for family devotions.  After that he began to attend divine
+service in the Singonahully chapel.  He was ridiculed and persecuted by
+the heathen, but he held on his way.  These means of grace were blessed
+to him.  He became penitent, and brought forth the fruits of repentance.
+The reformation in his conduct was evident to all who observed him.
+From being a drunkard he became a sober man; and he resolved never to
+take another drop of intoxicating liquor--a resolution which he
+faithfully kept to the day of his death.  He also became industrious, so
+that his wife and children, who had formerly been half starved, and who
+were covered with rags and dirt, now experienced a wonderful change.
+They had abundance of good food, were well clothed, and their house, as
+well as their persons, was always neat and clean.  But Daniel, though
+pleased with this outward reformation, was not satisfied; he knew that
+something more was necessary.  He persevered in exhortation and prayer
+for the man's conversion to God; and he wished him to make an open
+confession of his faith by baptism.  As often as Daniel pressed this
+duty upon him, so often did Runga declare, `I am not worthy to be called
+a Christian; I am not worthy to be as you are.  I believe in Christ for
+salvation, but I am too vile to be honoured with baptism.'  One day, by
+way of showing that he had done with idolatry, he took a number of iron
+things--not idols, but instruments that had been used in idolatrous
+ceremonies by himself and his forefathers--and with his own hands he
+made them into reaping-hooks and other useful farming instruments,
+preceding his work by the declaration, `These things won't be wanted any
+more in their present shape, so I will make something useful of them.'
+When he was attacked by a fatal disease, some of the villagers said to
+him exultingly, `Ah! you have become a Christian; you trust in the
+Christian's God; let us see if He will cure you; He cannot; our god will
+kill you.'  Daniel said to the sick man, `Do you believe that their god
+can harm you?'  He said, `No, no!'  Daniel's wife then added, `But we
+all think you will die; are you afraid to die?'  He answered, `I am not
+afraid; I believe in the Lord Jesus Christ.'  When he became worse, and
+it was evident that he had not many minutes to live, Daniel said to him,
+`Runga, continue to trust in the Lord Jesus Christ.'  He replied, `I
+believe ONLY on the Lord Jesus Christ,' and in a few minutes he died.
+He was never baptised, but doubtless he was saved through the merit of
+Jesus' death, and Daniel was the chief instrument in his conversion."
+
+
+
+CHAPTER TWENTY FOUR.
+
+NEW VILLAGE CHAPEL.
+
+Up to the year 1864, one building in Singonahully, had served the double
+purpose of chapel and school-room.  This was not according to Daniel's
+wish.  He thought there ought to be two buildings.  And he resolved to
+erect a school-room at his own expense, and give it to the Mission, as a
+thank-offering to the Lord for a good harvest; for by this time he was a
+farmer as well as a washerman.  Full of this idea he came to the
+Mission-house, and with great modesty spoke of the plan which he had
+made.  The Missionary approved of having two buildings, but suggested
+that instead of building a school-room, it would be better to keep the
+present building for school purposes, and erect a new chapel.  The sum
+which Daniel had set apart was 4 pounds, but this would not build a
+chapel.  However, the Missionary proposed that Daniel should give his 4
+pounds, and that a few friends should be asked to make up the
+deficiency.  This was done, and the chapel was built.  Four pounds may,
+to some persons, seem a small sum, but He who "searches the heart," and
+Who approved of the widow's two mites, rightly estimated the value of
+old Daniel's gift; and the Missionary Society would have a larger income
+than it now has, if all Christians would give the same proportion of
+their income as Daniel gave on this occasion.
+
+
+
+CHAPTER TWENTY FIVE.
+
+DANIEL'S SICKNESS AND HAPPY DEATH.
+
+When Daniel was over seventy years of age, he said to a friend, "It has
+pleased God to take my wife to himself, and I am _now_ an aged pilgrim
+near my journey's end.  I have been spared to see my children's
+children, even to the third generation.  I have five sons, twelve
+grandchildren, and eight great-grandchildren.  I commit them all to the
+hand of the great God whom I serve.  I pray that He will bless them,
+keep them all in the way to Heaven, and that I may meet them all in
+glory.  May He help me to wait patiently here until He shall call me
+into Heaven through the merit of my Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.  God
+bless the Missionaries and the Mission work abundantly."
+
+About twelve months before his death, Daniel caused the following
+testimony to be written, "I was born in sin, and I lived in the practice
+of all kinds of iniquity.  I performed the ceremonies and followed the
+customs of our people for many years, but I found no peace in them.
+Then I began to think about worshipping the _one_ God, of whom I had
+heard something, but I was very ignorant and knew not how to worship
+Him.  While I was thinking much on this subject, the Missionaries came
+and preached the Gospel.  I heard the truth; and by their teaching I was
+made to understand the way of salvation.  I believed on the Lord Jesus
+Christ with my whole heart, and then I felt that God, for the sake of
+Christ's merit, had pardoned all my sins.  Peace and joy sprung up in my
+heart: and I now pray for His help to keep me from sin as long as I
+live.  I am nearly eighty years old; my days are uncertain; I do not
+know when I may die.  I have no delight in this world, and I hope to
+enter the world of glory, through the merit of the death of Christ."
+
+He became gradually more and more feeble, and for many weeks before he
+died was blind and nearly deaf.  Mr Haigh, who was then at Goobbe,
+gives the following account: "On Saturday evening I went with Mr and
+Mrs Hocken to see Daniel.  We found him sleeping on a mattress.  He
+awoke soon after we entered his room, but the attendants found it
+difficult to make him understand who we were.  He did not answer our
+questions, but muttered a few short sentences, and then after a long
+pause, he said distinctly, `O, Jesus, take me to Thyself, take me to
+Thyself.'  When, at length, his son made him understand who we were, the
+good old man wept, and said, `Alas!  I cannot see them.'  At this moment
+of clearer consciousness, his son, at Mr Hocken's request, asked him if
+he had joy in thinking of Jesus.  He replied, `Yes, great joy.'"
+
+Mr Hocken has given the following account: "On Saturday evening,
+October 25th, Mr Haigh, Mrs Hocken and myself went from the
+Mission-house to see old Daniel.  We found him lying on a mat, and
+covered with a white cloth.  He appeared unconscious of our presence,
+and murmured as one in a dream, `Jesu, Swamy, (Lord), take me to Thy
+feet.'  It was some time before he could understand who we were, and
+then he cried because he could not see us.  The villagers crowded round
+the door, and watched us with almost deathly silence.  I tried to draw
+the old man into conversation, but his mind wandered.  At intervals he
+prayed fervently to Jesus, lingering over, and repeating many times, the
+name of Jesus.  His mind seemed to be continually running on the thought
+that he should soon be with Jesus.  We prayed, and made preparations for
+giving him the Lord's Supper.  As soon as I put the sacramental bread
+into his hand, a flash of devout _joy_ lighted up his face, and he
+lifted the bread reverently to his mouth.  It was a very affecting sight
+to see this worthy old Christian taking the Sacrament for the last time.
+All his family were deeply moved.  When we took leave of him he started
+as he took my wife's hand.  He said, `This is a little one, whose is
+it?'  They told him it was Mrs Hocken's.  The old man bent over it and
+blessed her."
+
+A few days after this, while the Missionaries were away from Goobbe,
+Daniel died; and the Catechist gives the following account: "On the day
+of his death he appeared to be much better; his hearing and his sight
+were both partially restored.  He could see anyone moving about the
+room.  In the morning, being conscious that he was dying, he asked that
+all his people might come around him, and when they had assembled he
+exhorted them all to follow him to heaven.  He said, `Give my salaam to
+the Missionaries, and tell them I die happy; my heart is full of love to
+God.'  And when he had said this, he fell asleep."
+
+THE END.
+
+
+
+
+
+
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