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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Lippincott's Magazine, Volume 11, No. 26,
+May, 1873, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Lippincott's Magazine, Volume 11, No. 26, May, 1873
+
+Author: Various
+
+Release Date: October 20, 2007 [EBook #23095]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Josephine Paolucci and the
+Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE
+
+OF
+
+_POPULAR LITERATURE AND SCIENCE._
+
+MAY, 1873.
+
+Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1873, by J. B.
+LIPPENCOTT & Co., in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at
+Washington.
+
+Transcriber's Note: Minor typos have been corrected and footnotes moved
+to the end of the article.
+
+
+
+
+THE ROUMI IN KABYLIA.
+
+THIRD PAPER.
+
+
+[Illustration: THE AMIN OF KALAA.]
+
+Emerging from these gloomy _caflons_, and passing the Beni-Mansour, the
+village of Thasaerth (where razors and guns are made), Arzou (full of
+blacksmiths), and some other towns, we enter the Beni-Aidel, where
+numerous white villages, wreathed with ash trees, lie crouched like
+nests of eggs on the summits of the primary mountains, with the
+magnificent peaks of Atlas cut in sapphire upon the sky above them. At
+the back part of an amphitheatre of rocky summits, Hamet, the guide,
+points out a little city perched on a precipice, which is certainly the
+most remarkable site, outside of opera-scenery, that we have ever seen.
+It is Kalaa, a town of three thousand inhabitants, divided into four
+quarters, which contrive, in that confined situation, to be perpetually
+disputing with each other, although a battle would disperse the whole of
+the tax-payers over the edges. Although apparently inaccessible but by
+balloon, Kalaa may be approached in passing by Bogni. It is hard to give
+an idea of the difficulties in climbing up from Bogni to the city, where
+the hardiest traveler feels vertigo in picking his way over a path often
+but a yard wide, with perpendiculars on either hand. Finally, after many
+strange feelings in your head and along your spinal marrow, you thank
+Heaven that you are safe in Kalaa.
+
+[Illustration: COURTYARD IN KALAA.]
+
+[Illustration: KALAA.]
+
+[Illustration: OURIDA, THE LITTLE ROSE.]
+
+The inhabitants of Kalaa pass for rich, the women promenade without
+veils and covered with jewels, and the city is clean, which is rare in
+Kabylia. There are four amins (or sheikhs) in Kalaa, to one of whom we
+bear a letter of introduction. The _anaya_ never fails, and we are
+received with cordiality, mixed with stateliness, by an imposing old man
+in a white bornouse. "_Enta amin?_" asks the Roumi. He answers by a
+sign of the head, and reads our missive with care. Immediately we are
+made at home, but conversation languishes. He knows nothing but the pure
+Kabyle tongue, and cannot speak the mixed language of the coasts, called
+Sabir, which is the pigeon-French of Algiers and Philippeville.
+
+"_Enta sabir el arbi?_"--"Knowest thou Arabic?" asks our host.
+
+"_Makach_"--"No," we reply. "_Enta sabir el Ingles?_"--"Canst thou speak
+English?"
+
+"_Makach_"--"Nay," answers the beautiful old sage, after which
+conversation naturally languishes.
+
+But the next morning, after the richest and most assiduous
+entertainment, we see the little daughter of the amin playing in the
+court, attended by a negress. The child-language is much the same in all
+nations, and in five minutes, in this land of the Barbarians, on this
+terrible rock, we are pleasing the infant with wiles learnt to please
+little English-speaking rogues across the Atlantic.
+
+The amin's daughter, a child of six years, forms with her slave a
+perfect contrast. She is rosy and white, her mouth is laughing, her
+peeping eyes are laughing too. What strikes us particularly is the
+European air that she has, with her square chin, broad forehead, robust
+neck and sturdy body. A glance at her father by daylight reveals the
+same familiar type. Take away his Arab vestments, and he would almost
+pass for a brother of Heinrich Heine. His child might play among the
+towers of the Rhine or on the banks of the Moselle, and not seem to be
+outside her native country. We have here, in a strong presentment, the
+types which seem to connect some particular tribes of the Kabyles with
+the Vandal invaders, who, becoming too much enervated in a tropical
+climate to preserve their warlike fame or to care for retiring,
+amalgamated with the natives. The inhabitants on the slopes of the
+Djordjora, reasonably supposed to have descended from the warriors of
+Genseric, build houses which amaze the traveler by their utter
+unlikeness to Moorish edifices and their resemblance to European
+structures. They make bornouses which sell all over Algeria, Morocco,
+Tunis and Tripoli, and have factories like those of the Pisans in the
+Middle Ages.
+
+[Illustration: KABYLE SHOWING GERMANIC ORIGIN.]
+
+Contrast the square and stolid Kabyle head shown in the engraving on
+this page with the type of the Algerian Arab on page 494. The more we
+study them, or even rigidly compare our Arab with the amin of Kalaa, the
+more distinction we shall see between the Bedouin and either of his
+Kabyle compatriots. The amin, although rigged out as a perfect Arab,
+reveals the square jaw, the firm and large-cut mouth, the breadth about
+the temples, of the Germanic tribes: it is a head of much distinction,
+but it shows a large remnant of the purely animal force which entered
+into the strength of the Vandals and distinguished the Germans of
+Caesar's day. As for the Kabyle of more vulgar position, take away his
+haik and his bornouse, trim the points of his beard, and we have a
+perfect German head. Beside these we set a representative Arab head,
+sketched in the streets of Algiers. See the feline characteristics, the
+pointed, drooping moustache and chin-tuft, the extreme retrocession of
+the nostrils, the thin, weak and cruel mouth, the retreating forehead,
+the filmed eye, the ennui, the terrestrial detachment, of the Arab. He
+is a dandy, a creature of alternate flash and dejection, a wearer of
+ornaments, a man proud of his striped hood and ornamental agraffes. The
+Kabyle, of sturdier stuff, hands his ragged garment to his son like a
+tattered flag, bidding him cherish and be proud of the rents made by
+Roumi bayonets.
+
+[Illustration: TYPE OF ALGERIAN ARAB.]
+
+It must be admitted that the Kabyles, with a thousand faults, are far
+from the fatalism, the abuse of force and that merging of individualism
+which are found with the Islamite wherever he appears. Whence, then,
+have come these more humane tendencies, charitable customs and movements
+of compassion? There are respectable authorities who consider them, with
+emotion, as feeble gleams of the great Christian light which formerly,
+at its purest period, illuminated Northern Africa.
+
+It is the opinion of some who have long been conversant with the Kabyles
+that the deeper you dive into their social mysteries the more traces you
+find of their having once been a Christian people. They observe, for
+instance, a set of statutes derived from their ancestors, and which, on
+points like suppression of thefts and murders, do not agree with the
+Koran. We have spoken of their name for the law--_kanoun_: evidently the
+resemblance of this to [Greek: _chanon_] must be more than accidental.
+Another sign is the mark of the cross, tattooed on the women of many of
+the tribes. These fleshly inscriptions are an incarnate evidence of the
+Christian past of some of the Kabyles, particularly such as are probably
+of Vandal origin. They are found especially among the tribes of the
+Gouraya, are probably a result of the Vandal invasion, and consist in
+the mark or sign of the cross, half an inch in dimension, on their
+forehead, cheeks and the palms of their hands. It appears that all the
+natives who were found to be Christians were freed from certain taxes by
+their Aryan conquerors; and it was arranged that they should profess
+their faith by making the cross on their persons, which practice was
+thus universalized. The tattooing is of a beautiful blue color, and is
+more ornamental than the patches worn by our grandmothers.
+
+Our final inference, then, is, that the Kabyles preserve strong traces
+of certain primitive customs, which in certain cases are attributable to
+a Christian origin.
+
+A true city of romance, a Venice isolated by waves of mountains, and
+built upon piles whose beams are of living crystal, Kalaa, all but
+inaccessible, attracts the tourist as the roc's egg attracted Aladdin's
+wife. For ages it has been a city of refuge, a sanctuary for person and
+property in a land of anarchy. Nowhere else are the proud Kabyles so
+skillful and industrious--nowhere else are their women so much like
+Western women in beauty and freedom.
+
+[Illustration: KABYLE WOMEN]
+
+The Kabyle woman preserves the liberty which the female of the Orient
+possessed in the old times, before the jealousy of Mohammed made her a
+bird in a cage, or, as the Arab poet says, "an attar which must not be
+given to the winds." In Kabylia the women talk and gossip with the men:
+their villages present pretty spectacles at sunset, when groups of
+workers and gossipers mingled are seen laughing, chatting and singing to
+the accompaniment of the drum. Some of these women are really handsome,
+and are freely decorated, even in public, with the singular enamels
+which are their peculiar manufacture, and with threads of gold in their
+graceful _cheloukas_ or tunics.
+
+But Kalaa, like the picturesque "Peasant's Nest" described by Cowper in
+his _Task_, pays one natural penalty for the rare beauty of its site. It
+pants on a rock whose gorges of lime are the seat of a perpetual thirst.
+In vain have the suffering natives sunk seven basins in one alley of the
+town, the cleft separating the quarter of the Son of David from that of
+the children of Jesus (_Aissa_). The water only trickles by drops, and,
+though plentiful in winter, deserts them altogether in the season when
+their air-hung gardens, planted in earth brought up from the plains,
+need it the most. As the mellowing of the season brings with it its
+plague of aridity, recourse is had to the river at the bottom of the
+ravine, the Oued-Hamadouch. Then from morning to night perpendicular
+chains of diminutive, shrewd donkeys are seen descending and ascending
+the precipice with great jars slung in network.
+
+[Illustration: KABYLE GROUP.]
+
+But the Hamadouch itself in the sultry season is but a thread of water,
+easily exhausted by the needs of a population counting three thousand
+mouths. Then the folks of Kalaa would die of thirst were it not for the
+foresight of a marabout of celebrity, whom chance or miracle caused to
+discover a hidden spring at the bottom of the rock. By the aid of
+subscriptions among the rich he built a fountain over the sources of the
+spring.
+
+It is a small Moorish structure, with two stone pilasters supporting a
+pointed arch. In the centre is an inscription forbidding to the pious
+admirers of the marabout the use of the fountain while a drop remains in
+the Hamadouch. To assist their fidelity, the spring is effectually
+closed except when all other sources have peremptorily failed, in the
+united opinion of three amins (Kabyle sheikhs). When the amins give
+permission the chains which restrain the mechanism are taken off, and
+the conduits are opened by means of iron handles operating on small
+valves of the same metal. In the great droughts the fountain of Marabout
+Yusef-ben-Khouia may be seen surrounded with a throng of astute,
+white-nosed asses, waiting in philosophic calm amid the excitement and
+struggle of the attendant water-bearers.
+
+[Illustration: YUSEF'S FOUNTAIN.]
+
+Seen hence, from the base of the precipice, where abrupt pathways trace
+their zigzags of white lightning down the rock, and where no vegetation
+relieves the harsh stone, the town of Kalaa seems some accursed city in
+a Dantean _Inferno_. Seen from the peaks of Bogni, on the contrary, the
+nest of white houses covered with red tiles, surmounted by a glittering
+minaret and by the poplars which decorate the porch of the great mosque,
+has an aspect as graceful as unique. In a vapory distance floats off
+from the eye the arid and thankless country of the Beni-Abbes. On every
+level spot, on every plateau, is detected a clinging white town,
+encircled with a natural wreath of trees and hedges. They are all
+visible one from the other, and perk up their heads apparently to signal
+each other in case of sudden appeal: it is by a telegraphic system from
+distance to distance that the Kabyles are collected for their
+incorrigible revolutions. Two ruined towers are pointed out, called by
+the Kabyles the Bull's Horns, which in 1847 poured down from their
+battlements a cataract of fire on Bugeaud's _chasseurs d'Orleans_, who
+climbed to take them, singing their favorite army-catch as well as they
+could for want of breath:
+
+    As-tu vu la casquette, la casquette,
+    As-tu vu la casquette du Pere Bugeaud?
+
+Far away, at the foot of the Azrou-n'hour, an immense peak lifting its
+breadth of snow-capped red into the pure azure, the populous town of
+Azrou is spread out over a platform almost inaccessible.
+
+[Illustration: THE LATEST IMPROVED REAPER.]
+
+What a strange landscape! And what a race, brooding over its nests in
+the eagles' crags! Where on earth can be found so peculiar a people,
+guarding their individuality from the hoariest antiquity, and snatching
+the arts into the clefts of the mountains, to cover the languid races of
+the plains with luxuries borrowed from the clouds! The jewelry and the
+tissues, the bornouses and haiks, the blacksmith-work and ammunition,
+which fill the markets of Morocco, Tunis and the countries toward the
+desert, are scattered from off these crags, which Nature has forbidden
+to man by her very strongest prohibitions.
+
+We are now in the midst of what is known as Grand Kabylia. The coast
+from Algiers eastward toward Philippeville, and the relations of some of
+the towns through which we have passed, may be understood from the
+following sketch:
+
+[Illustration]
+
+The scale of distances may be imagined from the fact that it is
+eighty-seven and a half miles by sea from Algiers to Bougie. The country
+known as Grand Kabylia, or Kabylia _par excellence_, is that part of
+Algeria forming the great square whose corners are Dellys, Aumale, Setif
+and Bougie. Though these are fictitious and not geographical limits,
+they are the nearest approach that can be made to fixing the nation on a
+map. Besides their Grand Kabylia, the ramifications of the tribe are
+rooted in all the habitable parts of the Atlas Mountains between Morocco
+and Tunis, controlling an irregular portion of Africa which it is
+impossible to define. It will be seen that the country of the tribe is
+not deprived of seaboard nor completely mountainous. The two ports of
+Dellys and Bougie were their sea-cities, and gave the French infinite
+trouble: the plain between the two is the great wheat-growing country,
+where the Kabyle farmer reaps a painful crop with his saw-edged sickle.
+
+In this trapezoid the fire of rebellion never sleeps long. As we write
+comes the report of seven hundred French troops surrounded by ten
+thousand natives in the southernmost or Atlas region of Algeria. The
+bloody lessons of last year have not taught the Kabyle submission. It
+seems that his nature is quite untamable. He can die, but he is in his
+very marrow a republican.
+
+[TO BE CONTINUED.]
+
+
+
+
+OUR HOME IN THE TYROL
+
+
+CHAPTER I
+
+"Do not go to the Tyrol," said some of our friends in Rome. "You will be
+starved. It is a beautiful country, but with the most wretched
+accommodation and the worst living in the world."
+
+"Come to Perugia, where it is always cool in summer," said a painter.
+"You can study Perugino's exquisite 'Annunciation' and other gems of the
+Umbrian school, and thus blend Art with the relaxation of Nature."
+
+"Come rather to Zemetz in the Engadine, where good Leonhard Wohlvend of
+the Lion will help us to bag bears one day and glaciers the next,"
+exclaimed a sporting friend, the possessor of the most exuberant
+spirits.
+
+[Illustration: SHRINE AT ADELSHEIM.]
+
+"But," remarked the fourth adviser, a lady, "I recommend, after all, the
+Tyrol. I went weak and ill last year to the Pusterthal, and returned to
+Rome as fresh and strong as a pony. I found the inns very clean and the
+prices low; and if you can live on soup, delicious trout and char,
+fowls, veal, puddings and fruit, you will fare famously at an outside
+average of five francs a day."
+
+As this advice exactly coincided with our own inclinations, we naturally
+considered it the wisest of all, especially as the invitation to
+bear-hunts and glacier-scrambles was not particularly tempting to our
+party. The kind reader will perceive this for himself when he learns
+that it consisted of an English writer, who, still hale and hearty in
+spite of his threescore years and ten, regarded botany as the best rural
+sport; his wife, his faithful companion through many years of sunshine
+and shadow, who had grown old so naturally that whilst anticipating a
+joyful Hereafter she still clothed this present life with the poetic
+hues of her girlhood; their daughter, the present narrator; and their
+joint friend, another Margaret, who, whilst loyal to her native country,
+America, had created for herself, through her talent, her love of true
+work and her self-dependence, a bright social and artistic life in
+Italy. As for Perugia, our happy quartette had plenty of opportunities
+for studying the old masters in the winter months. Now we were anxious
+to exchange the oppressive, leaden air of the Italian summer for the
+invigorating breezes of the Alps.
+
+Yet how fresh and graceful Italy still looked as we traveled northward
+in the second week of June! The affluent and at the same time gentle
+sunshine streamed through the broad green leaves of the vines, which
+were flung in elegant festoons from tree to tree. It intensified the
+bright scarlet of the myriad poppies, which glowed amongst the brilliant
+green corn. It lighted up the golden water-lilies lying on the surface
+of the slowly-gliding streams, and brought into still greater contrast
+the tall amber-colored campanile or the black cypress grove cut in sharp
+outline against the diaphanous blue sky. We knew, however, that fever
+could lurk in this very luxury of beauty, while health was awaiting us
+in the more sombre scenes of gray mountain and green sloping pasture. We
+traveled on, therefore, by the quickest and easiest route, and alighting
+from the express-train to Munich at the Brixen station on the Brenner
+Pass, were shortly deposited, bag and baggage, at that comfortable and
+thoroughly German inn, the renowned Elephant.
+
+We prided ourselves on being experienced travelers, and consequently
+immediately secured four places in the Eilwagen, which was to start from
+the inn at six o'clock the next morning for our destination, Bruneck. We
+handed over our luggage to the authorities, partook of supper and then
+retired contentedly to rest--in the case of the two Margarets to the
+soundest of slumbers--until in the morning we were suddenly awoke, not
+by the expected knock of the chambermaid, but by a hurrying to and fro
+of feet, and the sound of several eager voices resounding through the
+echoing corridors. Fortunately, it was not only perfectly light, but
+exhausted Nature had enjoyed its allotted spell of sleep; for we found,
+to our astonishment, that it was past five o'clock. The storm continued
+outside no whit abated, and in the midst of the human hubbub the
+father's voice sounded clear and distinct.
+
+"The British lion is roaring," exclaimed Margaret: then, snatching at my
+attire, I was in the midst of the disturbance in a very few minutes.
+
+My father stood at his door and held in his upraised hand a pair of
+villainous boots, old and "clouted," fit for the Gibeonites, very
+different from the substantial English aids to the understanding which
+he had placed in all good faith outside his door the previous night. A
+meagre-faced chambermaid was wringing her hands beside him. Two waiters
+vociferated, whilst a third, whose eyes were still heavy with sleep, was
+blindly groping at the other doors.
+
+"My excellent London boots, made on a special last, have disappeared,"
+said my father, trying to moderate his indignation, "and this vile
+rubbish has been substituted in their stead.--Where is your master?" he
+demanded of the sobbing woman. "Fetch either your master or my boots."
+
+"Herr Je! Herr Je! I've hunted high and low, up stairs and down,"
+murmured the weeping maid, "and the gracious gentleman's boots are
+nowhere."
+
+"Sir," said a little round-headed man, who seemed to have his wits about
+him, "I know very well that these are not your boots. I cleaned your
+grace's boots, and placed them at your door at four o'clock. It is some
+beggarly Welschers who have crept up stairs and exchanged for them,
+unawares, their old leather hulks."
+
+"Ah yes," said the wailing woman: "three Welschers, who came for the
+fair, slept in the barn, and had some bread and cheese before they left,
+an hour ago."
+
+In the midst of this explanation the door of No. 2 was slightly opened,
+and an arm in a shirt sleeve appeared and drew in a pair of boots.
+Hardly, however, was the door closed when the bell of No. 2 began to
+ring violently.
+
+"Heavens! another pair gone!" exclaimed a waiter. Then with one accord
+the whole bevy of distracted servants rushed to No. 2, declaring their
+innocence.
+
+"My good people, I cannot understand one word you say," replied a mild
+English voice. "I request you to be gone, and let one of you bring me my
+own proper boots."
+
+The British lion--who, it must be owned, had reason to roar--became
+calmed at the evident innocence of the servants and the gentle sounds of
+this British lamb. He therefore went to the rescue, and explained the
+matter to No. 2, who in his turn meekly expostulated: "Very vexatious!
+Dear me! My capital boots made expressly for Alpine climbing! But we
+must make the best of it, my dear sir."
+
+Maids and men still remained in an excited group, when at this juncture
+the head-waiter appeared, bringing with him the landlord, a respectable
+middle-aged man, who, bowing repeatedly, assured the gentlemen of his
+extreme annoyance at the whole affair, especially as it compromised the
+fame of his noted house. Indeed, he would gladly refund the loss were
+the two pairs of boots not forthcoming.
+
+Forthcoming! How could they be forthcoming when at this moment the clock
+was striking six, and the Eilwagen (Margaret termed it the _oil-wagon_)
+was to start at once, and we with it, though minus breakfast? The
+British lamb departed hurriedly, but we were detained to be told of
+another complication. Not only were the boots gone, but the royal
+imperial post-direction of Austria, after duly weighing and measuring
+our luggage, had adjudged it too heavy and bulky for the roof of its
+mail-coach. It would, however, restore our money, and even suggest
+another mode of conveyance, but take us by its Eilwagen it would not.
+
+"The delay is indeed advantageous, mein Herr," said the landlord,
+addressing my father, who walked about in slippers, "as time will
+thereby be gained for a thorough investigation of the boot question."
+
+One trouble always modifies another. The disappearance of the boots made
+us bear the departure of the Eilwagen philosophically. Nay, at the
+conclusion of a substantial breakfast of hot coffee, ham and eggs we
+began greatly to enjoy ourselves. Rejected by the post-direction for the
+Eilwagen, we felt at liberty to choose our time of departure. For the
+present, therefore, acting as our own masters, we leisurely sauntered
+out of doors, admired the clean, attractive exterior of the roomy inn,
+and smiled at the fresco of the huge elephant, which, possessed of
+gigantic tusks and diminutive tail, carried a man, spear in hand, on his
+back. A giant bearing a halbert, accompanied by two youths in tunics,
+completed the group. An inscription informed us that this was the first
+elephant which had ever visited Teutschland, and that the inn derived
+its name from the fact of the august quadruped sleeping there on its
+journey, which took place in the sixteenth century. The worthy landlord
+had also ordered a fresco to be painted on his inn to the honor of the
+Virgin. She was depicted standing upon the crescent moon, and her aid
+was invoked by the good man in rhyme to protect the house "from
+lightning's rod, O thou Mother of God! From rain and fire, and sickness
+dire;"--but, alas! there was no mention of thieves.
+
+We were deploring the fact when the worthy Wirth appeared in person,
+attended by a slim youth in blue-and-silver uniform, whom he introduced
+to us with considerable emphasis as representing the police. The officer
+of justice stepped forward and with a low bow took the length and
+breadth of the Welschers' offending, and promised that the Austrian
+government would do its best to see the distinguished, very noble
+Herrschaft righted. We cannot be quite certain that he promised that the
+emperor would seek the boots in person, but something was said about
+that mighty potentate. At the assurance of governmental interference how
+could the British lion fail of being pacified? He declared that the
+landlord had acted as a gentleman, shook hands with him, and returning
+to the house exchanged his slippers for his second pair of boots--very
+inferior in make and comfort to the missing treasures--and then
+conferred with the landlord as to the best method for the continuance of
+our journey.
+
+The Herr Wirth, with whom and the whole household we had now become
+excellent friends, declared that with our unusual amount of luggage the
+only plan was a "separat Eilfahrt," which means a separate
+express-journey to Bruneck. It had, however, its advantages: we should
+travel quickly and with the greatest ease. As we were willing to accede
+to his proposition, he handed us over to his clerks in the royal
+imperial post-bureau, who, having received a round sum of florins,
+filled in and sanded an important document, which being delivered to us
+conveyed the satisfactory information that we four individuals, whose
+ages, personal appearance and social position the head-official had
+magnanimously passed over with a compassionate flourish, were, on this
+fourteenth day of June, 1871, to be conveyed to the town of Bruneck in
+the caleche No. 1990; which said vehicle would be duly furnished with
+cloth or leather cushions, one foot-carpet, two lamps, main-braces,
+axletree, etc., including one portion of grease. So far, well and good,
+but on our inquiring when the said No. 1990 would be ready to start, the
+head-official merely looked over his spectacles at his subordinate, who
+in his turn, leaning back in his tall chair and stroking his beard,
+called out, "Klaus! Klaus!"--a call which was answered by a tall,
+stolid-looking man, also in livery, who seemed to occupy the post of
+official hostler.
+
+"Klaus," demanded the second chef, "the Herrschaft ask when the vehicle
+will be ready."
+
+Klaus gave an astonished stare, and articulated some rapid sounds in a
+dialect quite unintelligible to us.
+
+"Precisely," returned the subordinate. "The horses are sent for, and
+when they arrive the Herrschaft will be expedited forthwith."
+
+Whereupon the clerks of the post-direction became suddenly immersed in
+the duties of their office. We took the hint and good-naturedly retired.
+
+It certainly looked like business when outside we perceived Klaus
+dragging forth with all his might and main, from a dark and dusty
+coach-house, a still dustier old coach. Darker it was not, for the color
+was that of canary, emblazoned with the black double-headed Austrian
+eagle. This, then, was the caleche No. 1990. It had the air of a veteran
+officer in the imperial army who had not seen active service for many a
+long day.
+
+Klaus was too busy to pay much attention to us. He pulled the piece of
+antiquity into the street, and with an uneasy expression, as if he knew
+before-hand what he had to expect, he tried and tugged at one of the
+door-handles. "Sacrament!" he muttered as he at last let go and began
+hunting in the boot of the coach, under the driver's cushion and in
+secret nooks and corners, which proved, at the best, mere receptacles
+for fag-ends of whipcord and cobwebs.
+
+"It is gone, sure enough, the key of the right-hand door." I am afraid
+it had disappeared three years before, at least, to the fellow's
+knowledge, for he added in an apologetic but hopeful tone, "It matters
+not the least, for, see you, all the inns are on the left-hand side."
+
+A glimpse into the coach-house had convinced us of the fact of this
+vehicle alone being at our disposal; so we determined to manage as best
+we might, and bore even philosophically the smell of the musty,
+dust-filled cushions, which Klaus triumphantly pulled out of the open
+door and beat, as it were, within an inch of their lives.
+
+Briefly, to make two long hours short after several tedious quarters of
+expectation, a square-set, rosy-faced and middle-aged postilion appeared
+round the far corner of the village street, resplendent in silver lace
+and yellow livery, leading three gaunt but sturdy horses. In ten minutes
+my father was seated on the box and we ladies inside, receiving the good
+wishes of Klaus, of the landlord, the men and the maids, now all smiles
+and curtsies, and with the postilion blowing triumphantly his horn we
+dashed out of the quaint, dreamy little cathedral town of Brixen.
+
+The road speedily began to ascend, and we looked down from a
+considerable height on the vast Augustine monastery of Neustift, with
+its large church, its picturesque cluster of wings, refectories and
+separate residences of every stage of architecture, lying snugly amongst
+vineyards, Spanish chestnuts and fig trees. Ever upward, by but above
+the waters of the rapid Brienz, until at the fortress of Muehlbach we
+entered the Pusterthal proper.
+
+This old fort commands the valley and spans the road. Our driver, who,
+according to Austrian regulation, went on foot wherever the ascent was
+particularly steep, could not enter into our admiration of its romantic
+position. Hans--for such was his name--could not perceive any grace or
+beauty in a scene which had often disturbed his imagination and awakened
+his fear. "Ah," said he, "it is a God-forsaken spot. It is here that
+many slaughtered Bavarians wander about at night with candles, seeking
+for their bodies or their souls--I know not which. Look you! My
+grandmother came from Schliers in Bavaria, and the two countries speak
+the same language. However, in my father's day, in 1809, Emperor Franz
+drove the Bavarians and French out of this part of the Tyrol. It was in
+April, when the Austrian Schatleh came marching through the Pusterthal
+with his soldiers, and drove the Bavarians before him. Though these were
+only a handful, they would not make truce, but broke down all the
+bridges in their retreat. They wanted to burn the bridge at Lorenzen,
+only the country-folks with blunderbusses, cudgels and pitchforks
+protected it, and made them run; so they marched on, pursued by the
+Landsturm, to this fortress, where they fought like devils until many
+were killed, and the others, at their wits' end, managed to push on to
+Innsbruck. Yes, glorious days, and long may the Tyrolese cry God,
+Emperor and Fatherland! But those wandering spirits make my flesh
+creep. Ugh!"
+
+The road now allowed of the horses being put to a lively trot,
+interrupting further conversation. We drove steadily on, stopping at
+comfortable inns in large well-to-do villages, where even the poorest
+appeared to enjoy in their houses unlimited space. The landlords
+politely demanded our journey-certificate, solemnly inserted the hour of
+our arrival and departure, and confirmed the important fact of our
+remaining exactly the same number of travelers as at the beginning of
+our journey. We exchange Hans for a youthful Jacobi, and Jacobi for an
+aged Seppl, who all agreed in their livery if not in their ages; each
+stage also being at a slightly higher elevation, so that by degrees we
+had changed the Italian vegetation, which had lingered as far as the
+neighborhood of Brixen, for the more northern crops of young oats and
+flax. Yet one prominent reminder of comparatively adjacent Italy
+accompanied us the greater portion of the three hours' drive. Hundreds
+of agile, swarthy figures were busily boring, blasting, shoveling and
+digging for the new railway, which is to convey next season shoals of
+passengers and civilization, rightly or wrongly so called, into this
+great yet primitive artery of Southern Tyrol, the Pusterthal already
+forming, by means of the Ampezzo, a highway between Venice and the
+Brenner Pass. As the morning advanced the busy sounds of labor ceased,
+and we saw groups of dark-eyed men reclining in the shade of the rocks,
+partaking of their frugal dinners of orange-colored polenta--_plenten_,
+as our Seppl called it.
+
+So onward by soft slopes bordered by mountain-ridges, all scarped and
+twisted, having dark green draperies of pine trees cast round their
+strong limbs, with bees humming in the aromatic yet invigorating breeze
+fresh from the snow-fields, and swallows wheeling in the clear blue air,
+until we reached a fertile amphitheatre. A confusion of flourishing
+villages was scattered over its verdant meadows, and here and there on a
+jutting rock or mountain-spur a solitary mediaeval tower or imposing
+castle stood forth, the most conspicuous of all being a fortress
+situated on a natural bulwark of rock. Half around its base a little
+town, which appeared stunted in its growth by the course of the river,
+confidingly rested. A hill covered with wood screened the other side of
+the castle, whilst exactly opposite a broad valley ran northward, hemmed
+in by lofty snow-fields and glaciers that sparkled in the noonday sun.
+Natural hummocks or knolls covered with wood broke the uniformity of
+this upland plain, which still ascended eastward to the higher, bleaker
+Upper Pusterthal. This valley continues to mount to yet more sterile
+regions, until, reaching the great watershed of the Toblacher Plain,
+which sends part of its streams to the Adriatic, the others to the more
+distant Black Sea, it gradually dips down again to the fruitful
+wine-regions of Lienz.
+
+[Illustration: BRUNECK.]
+
+We have now, however, to do with Bruneck, where our venerable 1990 had
+safely deposited us at the modern inn, the Post. We might almost style
+it the fashionable inn, for it was kept by a gentleman of noble birth
+and the representative of the province, who, having a large family of
+growing children, had wisely let his gentility take care of itself and
+permitted his guests to be entertained at their own rather than at his
+expense. As the noble landlady was suffering from headache, the dapper
+waitress took charge of us, provided us with rooms, and then installed
+us at the early _table-d'hote_, where a number of the officers of the
+garrison, with some other regular diners, whom we learnt to recognize in
+time as the town bailiff, the apothecary and the advocate, were
+despatching, in the midst of great clatter and bustle, the inevitable
+_kalbsfleisch_ and _mehlspeis_.
+
+The lady who had recommended us to go to the Pusterthal had likewise
+assured us that the Post at Bruneck would satisfy all our requirements.
+In this she was mistaken. It is true that tastes differ, especially
+amongst tourists, who may be divided into two classes--those who merely
+care for the country, let them disguise it as they will, when they can
+endue it with the features of their town-life; and those who love the
+country for the sake of Nature, and thus endeavor to carry trails of
+freshness back with them to town. Now, it was all artificial dust and
+din that we desired to get rid of. We had traveled in search of verdant
+meadows, brawling streams and sweet-scented woods. We could not find
+solace and relaxation in sitting at the windows of our respectable inn
+to watch every passer-by on the dusty boulevard below, in spending half
+the day indoors, let it be ever so comfortably, or in merely turning out
+in the evening to shop in the puny town, whilst we bemoaned the want of
+a circulating library and a brass band. It was even more intolerable, as
+the Post had been built perversely with its back to the fine view of the
+glaciers. Moreover, the whole establishment was in the hands of
+bricklayers, painters and glaziers, who were enlarging and repairing it
+for the comfort and convenience of future but certainly not of present
+visitors.
+
+As trade was evidently flourishing, we had not the slightest hesitation
+in ringing for Maria, the _kellnerin_, and consulting with her about the
+mode of our procuring country lodgings as soon as possible. Maria was a
+good-natured girl and willing to serve us, but our ideas could not be so
+easily carried out as we had anticipated. One of us had the folly to
+suggest vacant rooms being to let in the castle.
+
+"Gracious!" replied Maria, casting her eyes up to the sky. "In the
+castle! Why, that's crown property, and filled with the military.
+Really, I don't know how I can help you, since the gentlemen officers
+have engaged for themselves every apartment inside or outside the town."
+
+We spoke of the many neighboring villages, which were filled with grand
+old houses.
+
+Maria declared they were better outside than inside, and that the Bauers
+who dwelt in them could scarcely find bedding for their cattle, much
+less for Christian gentlefolks. "There is the Herr Apotheker's house at
+Unterhofen, but he will not let that. There is the Hof at Adelsheim:
+it's out of the question. There is also Frau Sieger's in the same
+village, but that is let to the Herr Major for the season. Look you! you
+had better go to Frau Sieger. Stay, I will send Lina with you."
+
+Lina proved to be one of the blossoms of the noble family tree. She led
+my mother and me to Frau Sieger, but what came of our afternoon's
+expedition deserves to be told in a fresh chapter.
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+Now, this house-hunting was a piece of business to be got through as
+soon as possible. Nevertheless, three hours elapsed before we returned
+to the hotel. We found the father and Margaret leaning their heads out
+of a corridor window, and when we asked them what they were about, she
+replied, "We have been wishing that the grand old mansion in yonder
+village were only a _pension_, where we could obtain rooms. But have you
+met with any success?"
+
+"A _pension_! That sounds like Meran or Switzerland, instead of this
+primitive Pusterthal. Only let us have tea, and we will tell you what we
+have done."
+
+"Very good! We will be patient; but you do not look dissatisfied with
+your afternoon," said my father.
+
+Nor in truth were we. Sipping our mild tea, we related our adventures.
+The little girl Lina had taken us into the town, which consisted of one
+narrow street in the shape of a half-moon, where houses of all ages and
+ranks squeezed against each other and peeped into each other's windows
+with the greatest familiarity. In one of the largest of these Frau
+Sieger lived. Her husband was the royal imperial tobacco agent, and the
+house was crammed full of chests of the noxious and obnoxious weed, the
+passages and landing being pervaded with a sweet, sickly smell of
+decomposing tobacco. In the parlor, however, where Frau Sieger sat
+drinking coffee with her lady friends, the aromatic odor of the beverage
+acted as a disinfectant. The hostess drew us aside, listened
+complacently to our message, and then graciously volunteered to let us
+rooms under her very roof.
+
+We should have chosen chemical works in preference! There was, then,
+nothing to be done but to take leave with thanks. Accompanied by the
+little Lina, we passed under the town-gate, and whilst sorely perplexed
+perceived a pleasant village, at the distance of about a mile, lying on
+the hillside in a wealth of orchards and great barns. The way thither
+led across fields of waving green corn, the point where the path
+diverged from the high-road being marked by a quaint mediaeval shrine,
+one of the many shrines which, sown broadcast over the Tyrol, are
+intended to act as heavenly milestones to earth-weary pilgrims.
+
+[Illustration: ADELSHEIM--OUR HOME IN THE TYROL.]
+
+That was the village of Adelsheim, Lina said, where their own
+country-house was situated, and Freieck, belonging to Frau Sieger; and
+there, at the farther extremity of the village, was Schoenburg, where old
+Baron Flinkenhorn lived. The biggest house of all on the hill was the
+Hof, and that below, with the gables and turrets, the carpenter's.
+
+The bare possibility of finding a resting-place in that little Arcadia
+made us determine to go thither. We would try the inn, and then the
+carpenter's.
+
+The inn proved a little beer-shop, perfectly impracticable. A woman with
+a bright scarlet kerchief bound round her head, who was washing outside
+the carpenter's, told us in Italian that she and her husband, an
+overseer on the new railway, occupied with their family every vacant
+room, which was further confirmed by the carpenter popping his head out
+of an upper window, and in answer to Lina's question giving utterance to
+an emphatic "_Na, na, I hab koan_" ("No, no, I have none").
+
+Lina was so sure that the Hofbauer would not let rooms, for he was a
+wealthy man and owned land for miles around, that she stayed at a
+respectful distance whilst we approached nearer to at least admire the
+grand old mansion, even if it were closed against us as a residence. The
+village was full of marvelous old houses rich in frescoes, oriel
+windows, gables and turrets, but this dwelling, standing in a dignified
+situation on an eminence, was a prince amongst its compeers. The
+architecture, which was Renaissance, might belong to a bad style, but
+the long slopes of roof, the jutting balconies, the rich iron-work on
+the oblong facade, the painted sun-dial and the coats-of-arms now fading
+away into oblivion, the grotesque gargoyle which in the form of a
+dragon's head frowned upon the world,--each detail, that had once been
+carefully studied, helped to form a complete whole which it was a
+pleasure to look upon. The grand entrance, no longer used, was guarded
+by a group of magnificent trees, the kings of the region. Traces of an
+old pleasure-garden and the dried-up basin of a fountain were visible
+within.
+
+At this point in the narrative Margaret exclaimed, "None other than my
+would-be _pension_! I have known it from the first, so pray do not keep
+me on tenterhooks. Were you or were you not successful? Yet all hope has
+died within me already, for such a treasure-trove we never could get."
+
+"Well, listen," said the mother. "As we were admiring the house, a
+handsome, fair-haired young man, one's perfect ideal of a peasant, came
+along the road, bowed to us, and when we expressed our interest in the
+mansion said that he was the son of the house, and that we might see the
+rooms if we liked. Grand old rooms they are, with a great lack of
+furniture, but nevertheless perfectly charming. The young man, who is
+named Anton, thought his father would probably have no objection to let
+us rooms. At all events, we could all go over and see the Hofbauer at
+ten o'clock to-morrow morning, when he would be in: he was in his fields
+this afternoon. The whole, in fact, was a pastoral poem."
+
+The next day we were as punctual as clock-work. A pleasant, comely young
+peasant woman, who looked as if she had lived on fresh air all her life,
+met us in the great stone entrance-hall. She told us that her father
+would soon be at liberty, and that, with our permission, she would again
+show us the rooms if we wished to see them. This promised well. Fetching
+a huge bunch of handsome iron-wrought keys, she conducted us into the
+great hall of the first floor, hung with large unframed pictures of the
+Holy Sacrament. Then unlocking a handsome door which had once been green
+and gold, we entered the vast reception-room, almost bereft of
+furniture, but possessing a pine floor of milky whiteness and a
+remarkably fine stove of faience eight feet high. My father measured the
+length of the apartment: it was forty feet, and could have seated a
+hundred guests. The casements were filled with old lozenge-shaped glass
+set in lead, and the fine old iron trellis-work on the outside of the
+windows gave a wonderfully mediaeval look to the apartment. There was,
+moreover, a magnificent bay window, which formed a little room of
+itself, besides a second room much less, which, with carved wood
+wainscot and ceiling, could have served as an oratory.
+
+Margaret's delight was unbounded. The father smiled quietly, and we the
+pioneers could scarcely refrain our pride and pleasure. But there was
+more to be seen. Crossing the great hall once more, we entered a large
+and beautiful room overlooking the main entrance. This had other
+furniture besides its handsome porcelain stove and inlaid floor of dark
+wood. There was not only a comfortable modern bed, but chairs, sofa and
+table; a chest of drawers too, which was covered with innumerable
+religious knickknacks--little sacred pictures in glass frames, miniature
+saints, and artificial flowers in small china pots. Having dipped her
+finger in a holy-water shell hanging on the wall, our guide drew back a
+long chintz curtain which covered the end of the room, and showed us a
+large and handsome chapel below. A fald-stool ran along the front of the
+window which, with an additional lattice of gilt and carved wood,
+separated the room from the church. This had evidently been in old times
+the apartment of the lord and his lady, and here they had knelt and
+listened to the holy office without mingling with their dependants
+below. This room, if we had the good fortune to obtain lodgings in the
+mansion, was to belong to the poetess, for it was full of inspiration
+and old-world memories.
+
+Then out again into the hall and up another flight of stone stairs,
+through a second great lobby into a corridor, which communicated on
+either side with two charming rooms, spotlessly clean and perfectly
+empty, if I except the stoves; but still, if we chose, these two rooms
+could be Margaret's and mine, and the corridor as well, with a beautiful
+balcony which commanded an enchanting view of the rich Pusterthal up and
+down, right and left, with a row of jagged, contorted dolomite mountains
+thrown into the bargain. All this was to be ours if only the Hofbauer
+would have us. So down we went, casting longing looks around us--down
+into the entrance-hall, where a crowd of poor people were streaming out
+of the _stube_, the parlor of the family, such as in the midland
+counties of England would be called the house-place, and so into the
+grassy court in front, where we awaited with anxious hearts the fiat of
+the Hofbauer.
+
+We were not long kept waiting. In another minute the master of the house
+stood before us, a tall, thin, elderly man, dressed in the full costume
+of the district--an embroidered cloth jacket, black leather breeches,
+which displayed a broad band of naked knee, green ribbed stockings,
+shoes and buckles, with a silver cord and tassel on his broad beaver
+hat. Saluting us with the grace and ease of a courtier, he apologized
+for keeping us waiting, but he had been entertaining the poor of the
+parish at dinner, according to an old custom of his. These simple
+Tyrolese dined, then, at ten o'clock in the morning!
+
+An elderly woman, also tall and spare, now appeared in a bright blue
+linen apron, that half hid her thickly-plaited black woolen petticoat,
+which was short enough to give full effect to scarlet knit stockings and
+low, boat-shaped shoes. She carried in her hand a plate of large hot fat
+cakes, which she pressed upon us; then pitied the smallness of our
+appetites, and urged two apiece at least. Two mouthfuls, however, were
+sufficient, as the cakes were not only extremely greasy, but filled with
+white curds, aniseed and chives. Having received in good part this
+intended hospitality, we were rejoiced to hear the Hofbauer express his
+perfect willingness that we should take up our abode at the mansion. We
+need merely pay him a trifle, but we must furnish ourselves the extra
+bedsteads. Moidel, his daughter, could cook for us, for she understood
+making dishes for bettermost people, having been sent by him to Brixen
+for a year to learn cooking; for what was a moidel (maiden) good for
+that could not cook? He should not make any charge for her services.
+Also, if we saw any bits of furniture about the house that suited us we
+might take them; and lastly, we could stay until Jacobi, the 25th of
+July, but on that day the best bedroom must be given up, as it belonged
+to his son, the student, who would return from Innsbruck about that day.
+All this was charming. We promised to procure beds and bedding in
+Bruneck, and arranged to take possession of our new quarters on the
+following morning.
+
+I will not enter into the rashness of our promise respecting the
+bedsteads, merely hinting at the difficulties and complications which
+beset us. Some of these can be imagined when it is known that, firstly,
+there proved not to be an upholsterer, nor even a seller of old
+furniture, at Bruneck; and that, secondly, the officers and soldiers of
+the garrison now quartered there occupied by night every available spare
+bed in the township. So it seemed until in our embarrassment the
+landlady of the Post arose from her bed to help us to procure some. The
+interview ended again with the prudent advice, "Go to Frau Sieger." We
+went, and that incomparable lady, who bore us no malice for refusing her
+rooms, generously provided for a small sum three bedsteads and an
+amazing, and what appeared to us superfluous, amount of bolsters,
+pillows, feather beds, winter counterpanes; but she would hear no nay,
+declaring, "It often turned very chilly in the Pusterthal, and at such
+times a warm bed was a godsend."
+
+We now began to dream of beds of roses, but we were mistaken: we were
+crying before we were out of the wood. We arrived at the Hof the
+following afternoon with our bag and baggage, and found Moidel,
+otherwise Maria, busily preparing the newly-erected bed in the
+state-room. She received us cordially, until my mother, laying her shawl
+on the bedstead belonging to the house, remarked that she wished that
+for herself.
+
+Maria seemed suddenly thunderstruck. She turned a deep red, and with a
+gesture of astonishment let drop a pillow, exclaiming, "Heavens alive!
+that is the Herr Student's bed!"
+
+She fled from the chamber, bringing back her aunt to the rescue. The
+latter looked stern and aggrieved. "Never, never! no one must lay his
+head on that pillow but the student," she cried. Had my mother asked to
+repose on the altar of the chapel they could not have been more
+dumbfoundered.
+
+As Frau Sieger's beds were truly spare, and as she could merely provide
+three, this second complication ended in the family giving up a bed of
+their own--one which was adorned at the head and foot with a cross, a
+bleeding heart and sacred monogram--one, in fact, which bore more marks
+of sanctity about it than the sacred bed of the student. It was obvious
+that this mysterious individual was consecrated to the Church, and that
+even before his ordination all that he touched was holy.
+
+The storm had again given place to sunshine, and the two quiet women
+passed gently to and fro with coarse but sweet-scented linen, which they
+fetched from an old chest adorned with red tulips, a crown of thorns and
+the legend "K. M., 1820," on a bright blue ground. Good old Kaetana!
+That chest had once been crammed full to overflowing with linen which,
+like other young women, she had spun for her own dowry, but when the
+Hofbauerin died Kathi became the housekeeper and mother to the little
+children. Thus the contents of the chest had gradually decreased, until
+the maiden aunt drew forth the four last pair of new sheets for these
+passing strangers. She felt it no sacrifice. It would have grieved her
+more to touch the piles of fine new linen which she and Moidel had spun
+through many a long winter evening, and which were now safely hidden
+away in the great mahogany wardrobe, which the Hofbauer, in harmony with
+the more luxurious ideas of the age, had given to his daughter. It
+occupied the place of honor in the great saloon, having three companion
+chests of drawers of lesser dimensions, which the father at the same
+time had presented to each of his sons. That of the eldest, Anton, was
+emptied by the owner and placed by him at our disposal; that of the
+second, the student, was carefully guarded from the sun by a covering
+formed of newspapers; the third, belonging to Jacobi, the youngest,
+appeared to us filled with books. Jacob was shy, and some days elapsed
+before we became acquainted. Anton, however, appeared modestly ready to
+attend to our least beck and call. The first evening, perceiving that we
+had no candlesticks, we conferred with Anton.
+
+"Freilich," he said. "We have none of our own, but I am sure that, as
+you will take care of them, there can be no great harm in lending you
+some of the Virgin's." We demurred at first, but with a smile on his
+open, ingenuous face he added, "The Herrschaft may be quite sure that I
+would not sin against my conscience." He then brought half a dozen
+plated candlesticks from the little sacristy, which he committed to our
+care.
+
+The reader must not suppose that this was a disused chapel: far from it.
+In the dusk of the summer evening a murmuring chant like the musical hum
+of bees pervaded the vast old mansion, which was otherwise hushed in
+perfect silence. It was the Rosenkranz (or rosary) repeated by the
+household in the chapel. The Hofbauer knelt on one side near the altar,
+and led the service, his two sons, the four men-servants, the aunt and
+Moidel, with the three maid-servants, reciting the responses on their
+respective sides. The even-song over, the household quietly retired to
+rest.
+
+Chance had graciously brought us to the Hof in the midst of preparations
+for the festival of the Holy Father. On Sunday, June 18, the whole
+Catholic world was to celebrate the astounding fact of Pio Nono having
+exceeded the days of Saint Peter. We, who had come from Rome, where
+thirty upstart papers were denouncing time-honored usages and formulas,
+where many of the people had begun to sneer at the Papacy and to take
+gloomy views of the Church, were not prepared for the religious fervor
+and devotion to the Papal See which greeted us in the Tyrol, especially
+at Bruneck, where from time immemorial a race of the staunchest
+adherents to Rome had flourished. The mere fact that we came from the
+Eternal City clothed us with brilliant but false colors. Endless were
+the questions put to us about the health and looks of the Holy Father,
+whom they believed to be kept in a dungeon and fed on bread and water--a
+diet, however, turned into heavenly food by the angels. Perhaps the most
+perplexing question of all was, whether the Herr Baron Flinkenhorn, who
+had been born in exactly the same year as the Holy Father, bore the
+faintest resemblance to that saintly martyr. We could but shake our
+heads as the old nobleman was pointed out to us on the morning of the
+festival. Decrepit and bent with age, he shuffled along by the side of
+his old tottering sister, an antiquated couple dressed in the French
+fashions of 1810. They hardly perceived, so blind and old were they, the
+bows and greetings which they received. They knew, however, that it was
+Pio's festival, and they made great offerings to the Church and to the
+poor.
+
+Deafness even has its compensations. Thus this old couple had not been
+kept awake all night by the ringing of bells and the firing of small
+cannon, which had continued incessantly since the setting of the sun had
+ushered in the festival on the previous evening. The firing lasted all
+day--a popular but very startling and disturbing mode of expressing joy
+and satisfaction. Bruneck wreathed and flagged its houses: there were
+processions, the prettiest being considered that of the female pupils of
+the convent of the Sacred Heart, who walked in white, bearing lilies. At
+night the good Sisters made a grand display of sacred transparencies in
+their convent windows--rhymes about the age of Saint Peter and the Pope;
+the Virgin rescuing the sinking vessel of the Church; Saint Peter seated
+on his emblematic rock, with his present successor at his side; and so
+forth--all wondered, gaped at and admired by the people, until the great
+spectacle of the evening commenced. As soon as night had fairly set in a
+hundred fires blazed upon the mountains--far as the eye could reach, for
+miles and many miles, one dazzling gigantic illumination. Papal
+monograms, crosses, tiaras shone forth in startling proportions. High
+up, far from any human habitation, on the verge of the snow, in
+clearings of the mountain forests, on Alpine pastures, these fiery
+letters had been patiently traced by toiling men and lads. Anton and
+Jacobi were not behind-hand, and by means of two hundred little bonfires
+had devised the papal initials on the upland common behind the house.
+The illumination, however, had not begun to reach its full splendor when
+one quick flash of lightning succeeded another, followed by a rolling
+artillery of thunder, the precursors of heavy down-pouring rain. In five
+minutes the storm had extinguished every bright emblem, and plunged the
+illuminated mountains into impenetrable blackness. The weather, grimly
+triumphant, drove lads and lasses drenched to their homes. So ended the
+festival, but in the morning, in dry clothes, every one had the pleasure
+of imagining how beautiful the spectacle would have been but for the
+rain.
+
+MARGARET HOWITT.
+
+[TO BE CONTINUED.]
+
+
+
+
+WILMINGTON AND ITS INDUSTRIES.
+
+CONCLUDING PAPER.
+
+
+[Illustration: OLD SWEDES' CHURCH.]
+
+We have pointed out the metropolis of Delaware as being a distinctly
+Northern city, planted in the distinct South. Among other things, this
+complication has led to some singularities in its settlement. As a
+community regulated by the most liberal traditions of Penn, but placed
+under the legal conditions of a slave State, it has held a position
+perfectly anomalous. No other spot could be indicated where the
+contrasts of North and South came to so sharp an edge; and there are few
+where a skilled pen could set down so many curiosities of folk-lore and
+confusions of race. The Dutch, the Swedes and the English Quakers formed
+the substratum, upon which were poured the _emigres_ of the French
+Revolution and the fugitives from Santo Domingo. The latter sometimes
+brought slaves who had continued faithful, and who retained their
+serfdom under the laws of Delaware. The French _bonnes_ stood on
+washing-benches in the Brandywine, and taught the amazed Quaker wives
+that laundry-work could be done in cold water. The names of grand old
+French families, prefaced by the proprietarial forms of _le_ and _du_,
+became mixed by marriage with such Swedish names as Svensson and such
+Dutch names as Staelkappe. (The first Staelkappe was a ship's cook,
+nicknamed from his oily and glossy bonnet.) As for the refugees from
+Santo Domingo, they absolutely invaded Wilmington, so that the price of
+butter and eggs was just doubled in 1791, and house-rents rose in
+proportion. They found themselves with rapture where the hills were rosy
+with peach-blossoms, and where every summer was simply an extract from
+Paradise.
+
+We cannot linger, as we fain would do, over the quaint and amusing
+_Paris en Amerique_ which reigned here for a period following the events
+of '93. At Sixth and French streets lived a marchioness in a cot, which
+she adorned with the manners of Versailles, the temper of the Faubourg
+St. Germain and the pride of Lucifer. This Marquise de Sourci was
+maintained by her son, who made pretty boxes of gourds, and afterward
+boats, in one of which he was subsequently wrecked on the Delaware,
+before the young marquis was of age to claim his title. In a farm-house,
+whose rooms he lined with painted canvas, lived Colonel de Tousard. On
+Long Hook Farm resided, in honor and comfort, Major Pierre Jaquette, son
+of a Huguenot refugee who married a Swedish girl, and became a Methodist
+after one of Whitefield's orations: as for the son, he served in
+thirty-two pitched battles during our Revolution. Good Joseph Isambrie,
+the blacksmith, used to tell in provincial French the story of his
+service with Bonaparte in Egypt, while his wife blew the forge-bellows.
+_Le Docteur_ Bayard, a rich physician, cured his compatriots for
+nothing, and Doctor Capelle, one of Louis XVI.'s army-surgeons, set
+their poor homesick old bones for them when necessary. Monsieur
+Bergerac, afterward professor in St. Mary's College, Baltimore, was a
+teacher: another preceptor, M. Michel Martel, an _emigre_ of 1780, was
+proficient in fifteen languages, five of which he had imparted to the
+lovely and talented Theodosia Burr. Aaron Burr happened to visit
+Wilmington when the man who had trained his daughter's intellect was
+lying in the almshouse, wrecked and paralytic, with the memory of all
+his many tongues gone, except the French. Some benevolent Wilmingtonians
+approached Burr in his behalf, showing the colonel's own letter which
+had introduced him to the town.
+
+[Illustration: GRACE CHURCH.]
+
+"I wrote that letter when I _knew_ him," said the diplomatic Colonel
+Burr, "but I know him no more."
+
+The day quickly came when Burr's speech of denial was reflected upon
+himself, and those who then honored him "knew him no more."
+
+Another French teacher, by the by, was not of Gallic race, but that of
+Albion _le perfide_: this was none other than William Cobbett, with his
+reputation all before him, known only to the Wilmington millers for the
+French lessons he gave their daughters and the French grammar he had
+published. He lived on "Quaker Hill" from 1794 to 1796. He then went to
+Philadelphia, and began to publish _Peter Porcupine's Gazette_. "I mean
+to shoot my quills," said Cobbett, "wherever I can catch game." With the
+sinews of Wilmington money he soon made his way back to England, became
+a philosopher, and sat in the House of Commons. Another British exile
+was Archibald Hamilton Rowan, an Irish patriot, and one of the "United
+Irishmen" of 1797. Escaping from a Dublin jail in woman's clothes, he
+found his way to Wilmington after adventures like those of Boucicault's
+heroes; lived here several years in garrets and cottages, carrying
+fascination and laughter wherever he went among his staid neighbors; and
+after some years flew back to Ireland, glorious as a phoenix, resuming
+the habits proper to his income of thirty thousand pounds a year.
+
+[Illustration: WEST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH.]
+
+A familiar figure on the wharves of Wilmington was the gigantic one of
+Captain Paul Cuffee, looking like a character in a masquerade. His
+athletic limbs forced into the narrow garments of the Quakers, and a
+brim of superior development shading his dark negro face, he talked
+sea-lingo among the trading captains, mixed with phrases from Robert
+Barclay and gutturals picked up on the coast of Sierra Leone. Captain
+Cuffee owned several vessels, manned by sailors as black as shoemaker's
+wax, and he conducted one of his ships habitually to the African ports.
+Coming back rich from Africa, this figure of darkness has often led its
+crew of shadows into port at the Brandywine mouth, passing modestly
+amongst the whalers and wheat-shallops, dim as the Flying Dutchman and
+mum as Friends' meeting. It is possible that from some visit of his
+arose the legend that Blackbeard, the terrible pirate, who always hid
+his booty on the margins of streams, had used the Brandywine for this
+purpose. At any rate, some clairvoyants, in their dreams, saw in 1812
+the glittering pots of Blackbeard's gold lying beneath the rocks of
+Harvey's waste-land, next to Vincent Gilpin's mill. They paid forty
+thousand dollars for a small tract, and searched and found nothing; but
+Job Harvey hugged his purchase money.
+
+[Illustration: ST. JOHN'S PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH.]
+
+Latrobe the architect lived here in the first quarter of the century,
+midway between Philadelphia (where he was building waterworks and banks)
+and Washington (where he was seating a young nation in legislative halls
+worthy of its greatness); using Wilmington meanwhile as a pleasant
+retirement, where he could wear his thinking-cap, educate his beautiful
+young daughter, and mix with the French and other cultured society of
+the place. Here, too, about fifty years ago, a pretty French girl used
+to play and eat peaches, maintained by funds mysteriously supplied from
+Louisiana, and ignorant of all connections except a peculating guardian.
+It was little Myra Clark (now Mrs. Gaines), who woke up one day to find
+herself the heroine of the greatest of modern lawsuits, and the credited
+possessor of a large part of New Orleans--the same who has recently
+gained a million, while she expects to gain a million more, and to be
+richer than Lady Burdett-Coutts.
+
+Thus has the pretty city ever played its part as a storing-house where
+things and people and ideas might be set by to ripen. It is not
+wonderful that it now and then found itself, quite unintentionally, a
+museum, where the far-brought rarities were living souls. In a heavenly
+climate, just where the winged songsters of the South held tryst with
+those of the North, and where the plants of both latitudes embowered the
+gardens together, Nature arranged a new garden wherein were brought
+together almost all the races that had diverged from Babel.
+
+The antiquities we have been examining, however, yield in age to the
+venerable walls which were built to shelter a worship no longer
+promulgated among us. The Swedes' churches of Philadelphia and
+Wilmington are among the oldest civilized fabrics to be found in this
+new country of ours. That of Wilmington was built in 1698, and that at
+Wicaco in Philadelphia in 1700. Rudman, a missionary from Sweden,
+preached the first sermon to the Wilmingtonians in May, 1699; and after
+him a succession of Swedish apostles arrived, trembling at their own
+courage, and feeling as our preachers would do if assigned to posts in
+Nova Zembla or Patagonia. The salary offered was a hundred rixdollars,
+with house and glebe, and the creed was the Lutheran doctrines according
+to "the Augsburg Confession of Faith, free from all human superstition
+and tradition." Dutch ministers alternated peaceably with the Swedish
+ones, who bore such Latinized names as Torkillus, Lokenius, Fabricius,
+Hesselius, Acrelius. The last wrote in his own language an excellent
+history of the Swedish settlements on the Delaware, only a part of which
+has been rendered into English by the New York Historical Society.
+William Penn proved his tolerance by giving the little church a folio
+Bible and a shelf of pious books, together with a bill of fifty pounds
+sterling. The building was planted half a mile away from the then city,
+in the village of Christinaham. Its site was on the banks of the
+Christine, and its congregation, in the comparative absence of roads,
+came in boats or sleighs, according to the season. The church was well
+built of hard gray stone, with fir pews and a cedar roof: iron letters
+fixed in the walls spelled out such holy mottoes as "LUX L. I. TENEBR.
+ORIENS EX ALTO," and "SI DE. PRO NOBIS QUIS CONTRA NOS," and
+commemorated side by side the names of William III., king of England,
+William Penn, proprietary, and Charles XI. of Sweden. Swedish services
+were continued up to about the epoch of the Revolution, when, the
+language being no longer intelligible in the colony, they were merged
+into English ones: the last Swedish commissary, Girelius, returned by
+order of the archbishop in 1786, and the intercourse between the
+American Swedish churches and the ecclesiastical see in the fatherland
+ceased for ever. The oldest headstone in the churchyard is that of
+William Vandevere, who died in 1719. Service was long celebrated by
+means of the chalice and plate sent over by the Swedish copper-miners to
+Biorch, the first missionary at Cranehook, and the Bible given by Queen
+Anne in 1712. The sexes sat separately. In our grandfathers' day the old
+sanctuary used to be dressed for Christmas by the sexton, Peter Davis:
+he was a Hessian deserter, with a powder-marked face and murderous
+habits toward the English language. Descending from their sledges and
+jumpers, the congregation would crowd toward the bed of coals raked out
+in the middle of the brick floor from the old cannon stove: to do this
+they must brush by the cedars which "Old Powderproof" had covered with
+flour, in imitation of snow; and then Dutch Peter, as they complimented
+him on his efforts, would whisper the astonishing invocation, "God be
+tankful for all dish plessins and tings!"
+
+[Illustration: CAR-BUILDING WORKS.]
+
+[Illustration: RESIDENCE OF JOB JACKSON, ESQ.]
+
+Modern improvement has a particular spite against the landmarks of
+antiquity. The railroad to Baltimore slices off a part of the Swedish
+graveyard--an institution much more ancient than the church which stands
+on it. And the rock by old Fort Christina, upon which Governor
+Stuyvesant--Irving's Stuyvesant--stood on his silver leg and took the
+surrender of the Swedish governor-general, is now quarried out and
+reconstructed into Delaware Breakwater.
+
+Doubtless we dwell too fondly on the old memories, but it appears that
+the souvenirs of this region are somewhat remarkable for their contrast
+of nationalities. Perhaps the colonization of other spots would yield
+better romances than any we have to offer; yet we cannot help feeling
+that a better pen than ours would find brilliant matter for literary
+effects in the paradise revealed to good Elizabeth Shipley by her
+dream-guide.
+
+Delawarean Wilmington is perhaps hardly known to the general public
+except through two of its products. Everybody buys Wilmington matches,
+and everybody knows that Du Pont's powder is made in the vicinity.
+Ignoring the foundries and shipyards, the popular imagination recognizes
+but these two commodities--the powder which could blow up the
+obstructions to all the American harbors, and the match which could
+touch off the train. A million dollars' worth of gunpowder and three
+hundred thousand dollars' worth of matches are the annual product.
+
+[Illustration: CAR-WHEEL CASTING WORKS.]
+
+Eleuthere Irenee Du Pont, a French gentleman of honorable family,
+appeared in Wilmington in 1802. The town had at that time hardly three
+thousand inhabitants. He amazed all the quidnuncs by buying, for fifty
+thousand dollars, Rumford Dawes' old tract of rocks on the Brandywine,
+which everybody knew was perfectly useless. The stranger was pitied as
+he began to blast away the stone. Out of a single rock, separated into
+fragments, he built a cottage: it was a lonely spot, and the snakes from
+the fissures were in the habit of sharing the contents of his
+well-bucket. Such was the beginning of the Eleuthere Powder-works. M. Du
+Pont, who died some forty years ago, was much beloved for his
+benevolence and probity. In 1825, La Fayette, during his celebrated
+visit of reminiscence, was the guest of the brave old Frenchman for
+several days, during which he examined the battle-ground of Brandywine.
+He here received the ball with which he got his wound in that battle,
+from the hands of Bell McClosky, a kind of camp-follower and nurse, who
+had extracted the bullet with her scissors and preserved it. The
+general wrote in the album of Mademoiselle Du Pont the following
+graceful sentiment:
+
+     "After having seen, nearly half a century ago, the bank of the
+     Brandywine a scene of bloody fighting, I am happy now to find
+     it the seat of industry, beauty and mutual friendship.
+
+    "LA FAYETTE.
+
+    "JULY 25, 1825."
+
+While on a Revolutionary topic we may mention that among a great many
+relics of '76 preserved in the town is the sword of General Wayne--"Mad
+Anthony"--a straight, light blade in leather scabbard, possessed by Mr.
+W. H. Naff.
+
+[Illustration: JESSUP & MOORE'S PAPER-MILLS.]
+
+The citizens of this pleasant town have ever been orderly and pious,
+just as they have ever been loyal. Their religious institutions have
+grown and flourished. Godfearing and unspeculative, they have attached
+themselves to such creeds as appealed most powerfully to the heart with
+the least possible admixture of form. "The words _Fear God_" says
+Joubert, "have made many men pious: proofs of the existence of God have
+made many men atheists." Since the day when Whitefield poured out his
+eloquence among the Brandywine valleys and touched the hearts of the
+French exiles, Methodism, with its almost entire absence of dogma, has
+had great success in the community. This success is now indicated by a
+rich congregation, and a church-building that would be called noble in
+any city. Grace Church, on Ninth and West streets, is a large Gothic
+temple, seating nearly eight hundred persons--warmed, frescoed and
+heavily carpeted inside, and walled externally with brownstone mixed
+with the delicate pea-green serpentine of Chadd's Ford. The architect
+was a native Wilmingtonian--Thomas Dixon--now of Baltimore. The windows,
+including a very brilliant oriel, are finely stained: the font is a
+delicate piece of carving, the organ is grand, and the accommodations
+for Sunday-schools and lectures are of singular perfection. Few shrines
+in this country show better the modern movement of Methodism toward
+luxury and elegance, as compared with the repellant humiliations of
+Wesley's day.
+
+It is to be hoped that this advance in attractiveness does not indicate
+any lapse in the more solid qualities of spiritual earnestness.
+"Whenever this altar," well said Bishop Simpson in dedicating
+the building on the centenary anniversary of the rise of
+Methodism--"whenever this altar shall be too fine for the poorest
+penitent sinner to kneel here, the Spirit of God will depart, and that
+of Ichabod will come in."
+
+We have indicated the Swedish Lutheran missionaries exhorting under the
+roof of their antique church in a language which their congregations
+were beginning to forget, and afterward in a broken English hardly more
+intelligible. Their place is largely taken now by predicators of the
+faith of John Knox, with a plentiful following of pious believers. Among
+the family of Presbyterian kirks in Wilmington the youngest is a large
+brick edifice built in 1871, for sixty-one thousand dollars, on Eighth
+and Washington streets, able to seat nearly a thousand persons, most
+comfortably and invitingly furnished, and supplied with lecture-,
+infant- and Sunday-school-rooms, together with a huge kitchen,
+suggesting the _agapae_ or love-feasts of the primitive Christians.
+Meantime, Anglicanism does not lack supporters. The descendants of
+Monsieur Du Pont, cultured and influential, have done much to advance
+the creed, and about fifteen years ago Mr. Alexis I. Du Pont, pulling
+down a low tavern in the suburbs, prepared to erect a church upon the
+site, to be built mainly through his own liberality. Unhappily, Mr. Du
+Pont died from the effects of an explosion at the powder-works ten weeks
+after the laying of the corner-stone; but the building was soon
+completed through the pious munificence of his widow, and the Bible of
+St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church now rests on its lectern upon the
+site of the old liquor-bar, and the gambling-den of former days is
+replaced by its pews. The rector is Mr. T. Gardiner Littell, a man of
+eminent goodness and intelligence. St. John's has a beautiful open roof,
+stained windows and a fine organ: it can offer seats to seven hundred
+worshipers.
+
+[Illustration: "AT THE SIGN OF SHAKESPEARE."]
+
+These few specimen churches--and especially the last, which blots out a
+grogshop--are good instances, with the large congregations they
+accommodate, of the way in which a sane, flourishing manufacturing
+community provides for the spiritual needs of its members. The tone and
+moral well-being which Boz found, or thought he found, among the
+operatives at Lowell are largely realized here. But our picture of
+Wilmington as a hive of industry is not yet complete, and before we
+enter upon the highly-interesting problem of its dealings with its
+working family, we should enter a few more of its sample manufactories.
+
+[Illustration: OFFICE OF THE DAILY COMMERCIAL.]
+
+Take car-building, for an example, in which the reputation of this town
+is known to the initiated of all the States and many foreign countries.
+Travelers are at this moment spinning in Wilmington-made
+railway-carriages over the extremest parts of North and South America,
+admiring, through Wilmington-made windows, every possible variety of
+winter and tropical scenery, on which they comment in English, German,
+French, Spanish and all civilized languages. Such a migratory product as
+a rail-car is an active messenger of fame for the place of its
+fabrication. We examine, as a fair type, the Jackson and Sharp Company's
+works, claimed to be the largest in the New World, and only exceeded by
+a few British and Continental establishments. The buildings have
+frontage upon the Brandywine and Christine streams, as well as on the
+principal railroad. Here are a congeries of two-story buildings, which
+are together fifteen hundred feet in length by a width of seventy feet.
+Five miles of heating-pipes warm the rooms for a thousand workmen. There
+is something logical and consecutive in the arrangement here, which
+makes it the best spot on the face of the earth for an enthusiast who
+should wish to demonstrate, what all loyal Americans believe in, the
+vast superiority of our form of railway-carriage. The cars proceed, in
+perfectly regular order, from raw material to completion with the
+progressive march of a quadratic equation in algebra. They seem to be
+arranged to demonstrate a theory. First the visitor sees lumber in
+stock, a million feet of it; then, across one end of a long room, the
+mere sketch or transparent diagram of a car; then, a car broadly filled
+in; and so on, up to the last glorious result, upholstered with velvet
+and smelling of varnish. The cars are on rails, upon which they move,
+side on, as if by a principle of growth, the undeveloped ones
+perpetually pushing up their more forward predecessors, until the last
+perfect carriage is ejected from the fifteen-hundredth foot of the
+building's length. Each one, gathering material and ornament as it rolls
+steadily along in its crablike side-fashion, becomes at last a vehicle
+of perfect luxury; and then, with one final plunge into the open air, it
+leaves its diversely-destined neighbors, and changes for ever its
+sidelong motion for the forward roll which will carry it through a long
+existence. A very large proportion of this company's work is on "palace"
+cars of the Pullman type, those extravagances of luxury of which Europe
+is just now applying to Wilmington to learn the lesson. Narrow-gauge
+cars for the West, in supplying which they are the pioneers, gaudy cars
+for South America, and sturdy, solid ones for Canada, are all gently
+riding forward, side to side, in this inexorable chain of destiny, and
+diverging at the front door on their widely-different errands. Besides
+the manufacture of cars, the company builds every sort of coasters and
+steamers. The class of workmen it employs is often of a particularly
+high grade. German painters quote Kotzebue and sing the songs of Uhland
+as they weave their graceful harmonies of line and color over the
+panels; and the sculptors who carve antique heads over the doorways of
+palace cars make the place merry with studio jokes from the Berlin
+Academy. It is evident that a community of artists like this, furnishing
+the aesthetic department to an immense manufactory, will also elevate the
+tone of the industrial society outside, if they can but be kept free
+from vice and supplied with means of culture; more of which anon.
+Meantime, as a kind of standard of what the manufacturers themselves
+arrive at in prosecuting the amenities of life, we will quote the fine
+residence of Mr. Job Jackson, a magnate of the company.
+
+The wheel on which the car is mounted is of course another specialty,
+turned off in another manufactory. We leave the rooms where the work
+goes on with easy smoothness like a demonstration in a lecture-hall, and
+come to raging, roaring, deafening furnaces and hammers. The
+hollow-chested artists give way to cyclops. Here we are in the Lobdell
+Car-wheel Company's premises. Negligently leaning up against each other,
+like wafers in the tray of an ink-stand, are wheels that will presently
+whiz over the landscapes of Russia, of Mexico, of England; wheels that
+will behave rashly and heat their axles; wheels that will lie turned up
+in the air at the bottoms of viaducts; and wheels that in various ways
+will see astonishing adventures, because in railway-transit there are
+telescopings and wheels within wheels. The English and the foreign trade
+of the Lobdell Company is due to its manufacture of wheels in the
+material or process lately known as chilled iron. This manufacture has
+not yet penetrated the British intellect. Take the foreman of an English
+car-manufactory, tell him that you will supply him a wheel about as
+durable as a wheel with a steel tire at less than half the cost, and he
+will laugh at you for an impudent idiot. But they _use_ our wheels. The
+"chilling" of iron, when poured into a mould partly iron-faced, is very
+singular: as the melted metal hardens against the metallic boundary, its
+granulation changes to a certain depth, and the outside becomes
+excessively strong: species of crystals seem to form, presenting their
+ends to the surface, and meeting the wear and tear there to be
+experienced. The use of this fact secures, in many manufactures, a
+hardness approaching that of steel, without increase of cost. This
+company employs the process both for car-wheels and for the large
+cylinders (or "rolls") used in paper-mills. It is not to be supposed
+that the work is all rude and rough, like ordinary iron casting. The
+polishing of the large cylinders almost suggests diamond-cutting, it is
+so fine. So true is the finish that a pair of these broad rolls, perhaps
+five feet across, may be approached so near each other that the light
+showing between them is decomposed: a blade of blue or violet light,
+inexpressibly thin and of the width of the cylinders, passes through the
+entire distance. As for the "chilling" of iron, it was applied first to
+wheels in Baltimore, in 1833, by Mr. Ross Winans; and then, during the
+same year, Mr. Bonney and his nephew, George G. Lobdell, established the
+business we see, which has gradually grown to its present capacity of
+three hundred wheels per day.
+
+[Illustration: FOUNTAIN.]
+
+[Illustration: "IN MEMORY OF THE SOLDIERS AND SAILORS OF DELAWARE WHO
+FELL IN THE STRUGGLE FOR THE UNION."]
+
+The use of such cylinders as we have just seen under the difficult
+process of polishing is only understood when we explore some large
+paper-mill, where they take the place of the old-fashioned frame of wire
+gauze which produced the hand-made paper. We may select the splendid
+works of Messrs. Jessup & Moore on the Brandywine. Our welcome is sure
+to be a cordial one, for among the largest customers of the firm are the
+publishers of _Lippincott's Magazine_. The process of paper-making by
+the Fourdrinier machine was so fully explained in our Number for last
+November that it is useless now to repeat the details. But it would
+never do to leave the Brandywine without a glance at least at one of its
+principal manufactures. The mill of Jessup & Moore uses the strength of
+the torrent as an auxiliary to its steam-power of seven hundred and
+fifty horses. The machinery is made by Pusey, Jones & Co., whose iron
+ships and machine-shops we have already examined: the rolls of admirable
+accuracy are from the shops of J. Morton Poole & Co. The paper-making
+process--the vast revolving boiler of twelve feet by twenty-six; the
+countless sacks of filthy rags, that have clothed peasants of the Black
+Forest, beggars on the steps of St. Peter's and Egyptian fellahs; their
+reduction to purity, and hardening from pulp to snowy continuities of
+endless, marginless paper,--all this is of rare interest in the
+watching, but has been told until the public is satiated. We leave the
+banks of the Brandywine and the wharves of Christine, and try to lose
+ourselves in the thickly-built heart of the city.
+
+Even here the implacable business spirit exhibits itself at every turn.
+In place of the placid millers and quaint refugees of the last century
+at their doors, we see the shops, the storehouses of manufacturers'
+supplies, the hotel and the theatre; and, pervading all, the vast throng
+of artisans, providing such problems of local government and education
+as the last century never dreamed of.
+
+[Illustration: HIGH-SCHOOL.]
+
+In almost all the industries of the city you are struck by the ancestral
+aspect of the trades, the continuance of a business from father to son,
+or the gradual change of firms by the absorption of partners. Boughman,
+Thomas & Co., established in a handsome, modern-looking bookstore,
+represent a business as old as 1793, uninterrupted since the time when
+the founder, James Wilson, hung the sign of Shakespeare at his door. The
+young girl of the period, who goes to their place from one of the model
+seminaries of which Wilmington is so full to buy a little paper for
+confidential notes or perhaps a delicate valentine, sees the old brown
+advertisement framed against the wall, and behind it, in sign-painting
+of her great-grandfather's time, the head of him who wrote _Romeo and
+Juliet_.
+
+While in this literary vein we would say a word of the newspapers.
+These, the true finger-posts of thought in a community, are apt in
+manufacturing cities to be conservative and timid, as trade is timid.
+The very special attitude of Wilmington, however--a Yankee town in
+perpetual protest with a Bourbon State--has inspired its press with
+peculiar political energy. No more vehement Republican organ can be
+found in the land, for instance, than the Wilmington _Commercial_: it is
+not in its columns that you will see ingenious defences of the
+whipping-post at Newcastle or of the crushing taxes levied at Dover,
+whereby a lazy State feeds greedily upon a hard-working metropolis. The
+_Commercial_ (Jenkins & Atkinson) is a staunch Administration sheet,
+sound on the subject of industrial protection, and highly appreciated by
+the manufacturers. Founded in 1866, it was, we believe, the sole daily
+until eighteen months ago, when some of the sober-sided weeklies began
+to understand that they must bestir themselves and put forth a diurnal
+appearance. The _Gazette_ (C. P. Johnson), a paper nearly one hundred
+years old, now appears daily, and expresses the opinions of the State
+Assembly, where the Senate has but a single Republican member, and the
+House of Representatives stands fourteen Democrats to seven Republicans.
+Here the conservative thought of Kent and Sussex counties is kneaded up
+into the requisite coherency and eloquence. _Every Evening_ (Croasdale &
+Cameron), a smart paper without political bias, flies around the city as
+the shadows begin to lengthen, selling at one cent a sheet, and liked by
+everybody.
+
+[Illustration: HOUSE OF COLONEL HENRY McCOMB.]
+
+To be candid, however, we do not suspect that this unique old city
+thinks through its newspapers. The circumstances here are so peculiar,
+the neighborhood so close, activity so concentrated, and the
+circumjacent neighborhood so little congenial, that an order of things
+has been established unusual in modern times. Mind acts on mind by
+personal contact; the strong men meet and support each other; the Board
+of Trade assembles daily in beautiful rooms, and discusses every
+interest as quickly as it arises. It is like the order of things of old,
+ere the press and telegraph undertook to express our views before we had
+formed them ourselves. We are reminded of the guilds of labor in ancient
+Flanders or the _fondachi_ of Venice. The State of Delaware, meanwhile,
+comes up and looks in at the windows, only half satisfied with the rapid
+fortunes making by the civic trades. What the Delaware yeomen know is,
+that they have broad acres of sunny land, on which they are perpetually
+wanting advances of money. They therefore instruct their legislators to
+fix a legal rate of interest, and to fix it low. The abuse which
+naturally follows on this blind policy is, that the wealth created by
+the splendid industries of Wilmington is constantly leaving the State to
+seek investment where usury is not kept down by old-fashioned
+legislation. Richard Burton, the Anatomist of Melancholy, saw a somewhat
+similar state of things among the unproductive and ale-tippling scholars
+with whom he lived at Oxford, but he was keen enough to feel an envy of
+the livelier marts of commerce. "How many goodly cities could I reckon
+up," says Burton, "that thrive wholly by trade, where thousands of
+inhabitants live singular well by their fingers' ends! As Florence in
+Italy by making cloth of gold; great Milan by silk and all curious
+works; Arras in Artois by those fair hangings; many cities in Spain,
+many in France, Germany, have none other maintenance, especially those
+within the land.... In most of _our_ cities" (continues the mortified
+Englishman), "some few excepted, we live wholly by tippling-inns and
+ale-houses."
+
+[Illustration: CLAYTON HOUSE.]
+
+The average Delawarean of 1873 is the average Oxford gossip of 1620,
+with the scholarship left out. But he has the unfortunate advantage for
+mischief that he is in a position to enact laws over the producers of
+"all curious works." These anomalies, however, must soon pass away with
+the march of the age, leaving Wilmington less individual perhaps, but
+more free.
+
+[Illustration: OPERA-HOUSE AND MASONIC HALL.]
+
+How deftly, by the by, Burton picks up the distinction between an inland
+city, living by handicraft, and a port city, handling weighty materials
+and feeding freely on commerce! His livers by their finger-ends are
+especially "those within the land." Just so the great capital of France,
+arbitrarily concentred amongst her provinces, and deprived of a port,
+can only thrive by her exceptional genius in fine and easily-moved
+_articles de Paris_. The site now under our consideration, however,
+means to have no such one-sided success. If her horoscope be not cast
+amiss, this American Glasgow will both make whatever human ingenuity can
+make, and she will also distribute. One of the first things she intends
+to do is to tap the stream of food, fuel and lumber destined for the
+South, and now laid up in the winter in Philadelphia by the closing of
+the Delaware, and send it to the Southern consumer by her cheap
+water-transport. Connected with this enterprise will be the
+multiplication of her steam colliers, ultimately scattering the crop of
+breadstuffs to the South Atlantic and Gulf States (if not the Eastern),
+and coming home with ballast of the varied iron ores those States abound
+in. When Delaware Bay begins to be whitened with the sails of returning
+coal-vessels, or lashed with the wheels of steam carriers, bringing in
+the oxides and magnetite ores of North Carolina and the hematite and
+other varieties of the extreme South, to mix with the rail-brought ores
+of interior localities, then Wilmington proposes to be the chosen centre
+of industry in cast iron. This production, it is now well understood, is
+no longer carried on most advantageously in the neighborhood of any one
+great natural deposit of ore. The important thing is to be at a meeting
+of all varieties of the metal: chemistry then selects the proportions
+for mixture, and the best stock is produced with scarcely any greater
+expense than the lowest grade. The situation at the head of Delaware Bay
+is one where every choice of the ores can be easily swept together by
+rail or water. It also controls fuel, by both means of carriage, from
+either of the great anthracite regions--a matter of special importance
+in this time of "strikes," as the operatives of both districts rarely
+throw up work at the same time. Wilmington thus proposes to obtain its
+iron at three dollars per ton less than Pittsburg.
+
+[Illustration: PARLOR-MATCH FACTORY.]
+
+To properly digest these advantages, the city needs a large furnace,
+centrally located, to work for all the foundries and forges of the
+place. This construction is now being earnestly advocated, and will
+doubtless soon take form.
+
+Thus we see the northernmost of the slave-State cities leaping up to
+catch first the advantages of perfect commercial union under the new
+regime. Affiliated with the South, inspired by the North, we should
+watch her as a standard and a type.
+
+Meantime, her labor problem, as a city crammed with proletarians, she
+meets with consummate tranquillity. The paternal relations between the
+good old Brandywine millers and their journeymen are continued through
+the immense operations of the present day. A singular harmony has thus
+far subsisted between employers and employed: the prosperity and calm
+which travelers used to praise among the operatives of New England mills
+are perhaps now best seen here. To this result both Nature and man
+contribute. The country round about is so bounteous, is such a garden,
+that the pay of the workman represents a far higher grade of social life
+than anywhere else in manufacturing regions. Rents so far are low, but a
+beneficent system is in active operation amongst the working-classes
+which helps a man to own his own house, and avoid the teasing periodical
+drain of rent.
+
+This is the associative system, here in faultless operation, by which
+the fragments of a large piece of ground are paid for by degrees and
+cleared of all incumbrance in eight or nine years by the profit on the
+contributed moneys. This plan is assisted by the best men in the town,
+who participate in the associations, receive themselves a reasonable
+profit, and supply the credit and advantages necessary for the safety
+of wholesale enterprises. They have thus far worked with their workmen
+for the latter's profit, with perfect honor and without a stain of
+scandal. The great advantage, after all, is to themselves; for a workman
+owning his own home, accumulating comforts and a family, is indissolubly
+tied to the city and its peaceful order.
+
+Various plans for the improvement of the workmen are afoot, including a
+"Holly-Tree Inn" for the supply of harmless refreshment and evening
+relaxation, the ground for which is bought and a stock-company forming.
+A public park, for which a beautiful stretch of the Brandywine, on Adams
+street and north of Levering Avenue, is recommended, is already engaging
+the attention of the citizens as a necessary provision. A "fountain
+society" is in active operation, offering cool, wholesome drink to the
+thirsty workman and the tired beast: the principal of its
+fountain-structures forms a memorial monument to a young gentleman who
+had distinguished himself by his liberality in preparing scientific
+lectures for the free entertainment of the working public. Shut up in
+the public hall among the materials of his lecture, he was found dead
+from the result of some solitary experiment--slain by his own kindness.
+A rich monument to the soldiers and sailors slain in the civil war was
+unveiled in 1871: it is formed of a pillar from the old United States
+Bank, surmounted by an eagle cast from captured cannon.
+
+But the best thing a manufacturing town can do for her workman is to
+educate his children. During the old aristocratic days of Wilmington she
+was satisfied with the reputation of her private tutors and of her young
+ladies' seminaries, where "sweet girl-graduates in their golden hair"
+cultivated cheeks like the surrounding peaches, while they learned
+Shakespeare, musical glasses and the use of the globes. It was not until
+1852 that the Delaware Legislature chartered a board of education for
+the town. In these twenty years fifteen schools have been put up, with
+five thousand attenders. Schoolhouse No. 1, shown in the illustration,
+accommodates four hundred and thirty-six pupils, and furnishes an
+education, in the words of the late Bishop Potter, "good enough for the
+richest and cheap enough for the poorest."
+
+The choice streets of the city are filling up with tasteful residences.
+As a specimen we present the house of Colonel McComb, an old favorite of
+Wilmington, where his familiar appellation of "Harry McComb" is as often
+uttered day by day as it was at Washington during the exposure by its
+owner of Congressional honesty and piety--or magpiety.
+
+A hotel of the first class has been erected, and baptized with the
+commemorative name of the Clayton House. It has one hundred and five
+chambers and every improvement. A very characteristic fact, showing the
+spirit of integrity and goodness which here travels hand in hand with
+modern enterprise, is that the owners sacrificed full _three-quarters_
+of the rent they could have obtained, in order to keep it pledged as a
+temperance house. Another elegant building has been put up by the
+Masonic fraternity for their own purposes and those of the Board of
+Trade, etc., including a handsome opera-house on the ground floor. The
+auditorium is praised for its acoustic properties by Parepa-Rosa,
+Wallack, Davenport and other performers, seats about fifteen hundred,
+and is furnished with the inevitable drop-curtain by Russell Smith.
+Faced with iron painted white, and very rich in mouldings and ornaments,
+the building presents as cheery a front to enter as any similar place of
+attraction known to the American tourist. The Masonic rooms above, and
+those of the Board of Trade, Historical Society, etc., are provided with
+every beauty and comfort.
+
+Here are the indications of a prospering, laboring, thinking, virtuous
+city of the New World. We have tried to sketch it both as a city with a
+past and a city with a future. Could we have selected one for
+illustration that would be a better or sharper concentration of all that
+is good in American life?
+
+
+
+
+MARIE FAMETTE AND HER LOVERS.
+
+
+I.
+
+Marie Famette is the prettiest girl in the market-place of Aubette. Her
+eyes are of such a sweet, soft blue, deeply shaded by long black lashes:
+her eyebrows are not black, but they are of a much darker tint than her
+hair, which (so much of it as can be seen under her full white
+cap-border) is a golden yellow. But it is not her eyes and her hair that
+make Marie so attractive: she has charmed young and old alike ever since
+she came, a toddling damsel of two years, and took her place beside her
+mother in the market-place of Aubette.
+
+Madame Famette's was the best fruit-stall of the market. No one else
+could show such baskets of peaches and hampers of pears; and as to the
+citrouilles and potirons, their reputation was so established that by
+ten o'clock there was little to be seen of them among the glowing
+vegetables which decked the stall. Such radishes were not to be seen
+elsewhere--white and purple, as thick as carrots; and the carrots
+themselves like lumps of red gold, lying nestling beneath their
+feathered tops or setting off the creamy whiteness of the cauliflowers
+ranged in a formal row in front of them.
+
+But Marie had always eclipsed all other beauty in the stall, and now
+that she had grown too big to be patted on the cheek and kissed by
+grown-up admirers, she had a host of victims in the sturdy young
+countrymen who came in to Aubette--either to bring mothers and sisters
+with their produce or to purchase for themselves.
+
+Madame Famette has weak health, and lately Marie comes often to the
+market by herself, and is able to flirt to her heart's content,
+unchecked by her mother's presence. She is so bright, so arch, so ready
+with a sparkling answer, that it is no wonder her stall is always
+thronged and that her fruit and her vegetables disappear so rapidly.
+
+There is an extra buzz in the market to-day. It is September, the epoch
+of the Mascaret, for the dreaded flood-tide seldom visits the Seine more
+than twice a year, and always draws dwellers in the neighboring towns to
+see its autumn fury. There is an influx of strange faces in the little
+place beneath the richly-sculptured spire of Notre Dame--the cathedral
+of Aubette, as strangers call it, although it is only the parish church
+of the quaint little town--and a certain extra excitement is
+communicated to the settlers under the canvas-covered booths and to the
+humbler sellers of wares in baskets. Mademoiselle Lesage, a short, plump
+young woman dressed in black, flits in and out of the chattering crowd
+more busily than usual. Mademoiselle holds herself of a rank above the
+country-folk who bring in their poultry and garden produce to Aubette.
+In token of this she wears a round black mushroom-shaped hat, and a
+holland apron with two deep pockets in virtue of her office; for
+Mademoiselle Lesage has an enterprising spirit. She found herself at
+thirty years old left alone in the world with an ugly face and with an
+insufficient "dot." Mademoiselle Lesage is ambitious: she does not care
+to marry a very poor man, and she has managed to give the town council
+of Aubette such security that it allows her to farm the market yearly
+for some hundreds of francs. Watch her collecting her dues. She goes
+rapidly from stall to stall, jingling her pockets, laughing and chatting
+with the farmers' wives, all the time keeping a hawk's eye on the
+basket-carriers, not one of whom may presume to sell so much as an onion
+without the weekly toll of one sou. She darts in and out among them, and
+her pockets swell out in front as if they were stuffed with apples.
+
+She has left Marie Famette's stall till the last. She crosses over to it
+now as quickly as she can go, but there is no means of darting in and
+out here, as there was just now among the basket-women. Old Floris
+Marceau has covered a good-sized space with his heap of green and yellow
+melons, and he stands behind these marchandeing, gesticulating,
+brandishing the knife with which he slices his citrouilles and
+inveighing against the folly of his customers. "Will mam'selle believe,"
+he says, addressing her as she approaches, and wiping his knife on his
+often-patched blouse, "they come to buy fruit of a respectable
+vegetable-seller and they don't know the price of a melon? Ten sous for
+a cantaloupe like that!" His blue eyes gleamed furiously under his
+frowning gray eyebrows. "Ten sous! I told them to be off and buy
+chickens." He broke into a laugh, and pointed to a tall, bent old
+gentleman, who seemed covered with confusion at this public rebuke, and
+sidled his way out of the throng without attempting an answer.
+
+"Buy a turkey, m'sieur?" A smiling, dark-eyed woman in a close-setting
+white cap went on with the joke and pointed to her basket, but the old
+gentleman had had enough: he hurried away with a rueful glance at the
+basket in which, divided only by the handle, sat two fat turkey poults
+and two chickens. One of the turkeys stirred and got a wing free, but it
+was remorselessly tucked in again and reduced to passive endurance, with
+"Keep quiet then, ne soyez pas bete."
+
+Mademoiselle Lesage approaches Marie's stall at a leisurely pace: she
+wishes to see her ground before she speaks. By the extra sweetness of
+her smile one might suppose that mademoiselle loved the gay little
+beauty: "Bonjour, Marie. Madame Famette trusts you alone again, I see?"
+
+Marie does exactly that which Mademoiselle Lesage intended to make her
+do: she starts violently and she looks annoyed.
+
+Elise Lesage glances quickly from Marie to the two young men who stand
+beside her. One of these, tall, well-dressed, with a Jewish face, and a
+sparkling pin in his brilliant blue scarf, is Alphonse Poiseau, the son
+of Monsieur Poiseau of the large clockmaker's and jeweler's shop at the
+corner of the place next the church: the other is Nicolas Marais, a
+handsome, gypsy-looking fellow with no decided occupation. He is
+sometimes at work on his uncle's farm at Vatteville, and when he falls
+out with his uncle and tires of Vatteville he comes across the Seine and
+gets employed by Leon Roussel, the chief timber-merchant of Aubette.
+
+People say that old Marais, the miser of Vatteville, means to make
+Nicolas his heir; but Nicolas takes no pains to please the old man: he
+goes here and there at his pleasure, a favorite wherever he shows his
+handsome dark eyes and his saucy smile. The men like him as much as the
+women do, he has such a ready, amusing tongue, and he never says a
+spiteful word; so that more than one of the keen, observant
+poultry-sellers standing beside their baskets near Marie's stall have
+commented on the scowl with which for full five minutes Leon Roussel has
+regarded Nicolas. Leon Roussel is a middle-sized, in no way
+remarkable-looking person, with honest brown eyes and a square, sensible
+face. His father, the wealthy timber-merchant on the Yvetot road, died
+when he was a boy, and Leon is one of the most prosperous citizens of
+Aubette, and well thought of by all. Leon is ostensibly in consultation
+with Monsieur Houlard, tailor and town councillor, but as he stands at
+the worthy's shop-door he is raised above the level of the place, and is
+exactly opposite the stall of Marie Famette.
+
+"Nicolas is out of favor with Monsieur Roussel: he has worked badly in
+the lumber-yard," says La Mere Robillard.
+
+"Chut! chut!" says her gossip, Madelaine Manget, and she gives at the
+same time a pat to a refractory chicken. "Nicolas looks too hard at
+Marie Famette. Ma foi! there are men in the manger as well as dogs. If
+Monsieur Leon wants Marie to be for his eyes only, why does he not ask
+for her and marry her, the proud simpleton?"
+
+"Ah, but look you, Madelaine, Leon is not proud: he never turns a poor
+man from his door without a morsel to quiet hunger, and he must be
+clever or his business would not prosper."
+
+La Mere Manget shrugs her shoulders. "Will you then not buy turkeys at
+eleven francs the couple, ma belle dame?" she cries shrilly to a
+passer-by.
+
+While Marie Famette recovers herself, Nicolas answers Mam'selle Lesage.
+"Pardon, Mam'selle Lesage, but Mam'selle Marie is not alone," he says,
+raising his hat with exquisite politeness--Alphonse Poiseau tries to
+follow suit, but his bow is stiff and pompous--"the whole market is her
+body-guard, and she permits Monsieur Poiseau and myself to act as
+sentinels." He throws an insinuating glance at Marie, which deepens the
+gloom on Leon Roussel's face.
+
+Elise Lesage has taken in the whole situation, and she knows exactly
+where to look for the timber-merchant. An uneasy consciousness makes
+Marie follow her glance: she looks red and confused when she sees Leon's
+stern, disapproving face. His eyes are fixed on her as she looks across,
+but he withdraws them instantly and turns to Monsieur Houlard.
+
+Marie bites her pretty red under-lip: she can hardly keep from crying:
+"If we were alone and he scolded me, I would not mind; but he has no
+right to frown at me before the whole town. It is enough to compromise
+me. It will be said presently that I am a bold girl, while I only amuse
+myself, and never move a step from my stall to speak to any one. It is
+too bad!"
+
+She gulps down a lump in her throat, and gives Nicolas Marais a smile
+that makes the clockmaker long to knock his rival's head against the
+gray buttress of the old church.
+
+"Sentinels!" Elise Lesage laughs. "Is Marie afraid, then, that some one
+will steal her?"
+
+"Marie is afraid of nothing, Mademoiselle Lesage." The little beauty is
+glad to be able to vent her vexation on some one. "What right has she to
+call me Marie?" she says to Nicolas in a very audible under-tone.
+
+Mademoiselle's black eyes close till they look like lines: Marie does
+not see her face, but Nicolas Marais shivers, he hardly knows why.
+
+A restraint has come over the merry trio, and Nicolas abhors restraint.
+"Tiens!" he says carelessly, "there is a fresh bevy of basket-women,
+Mam'selle Lesage."
+
+Elise darts off like a greyhound, and Marie forgets her vexation and
+laughs out merrily at Nicolas's ruse: "She is such a busybody!" The girl
+glances across to see what has become of Leon: he is talking to
+Mademoiselle Lesage.
+
+Alphonse Poiseau has kept silence, but he has observed. "I should not
+like to offend mam'selle," he says, "her eyes are so like a snake's."
+
+
+II.
+
+Market has come and gone again. Marie Famette was not happy as she went
+home last Saturday, but to-day her heart aches sorely as she goes along
+the dusty road to St. Gertrude. Last Saturday was the first market-day
+this year that Leon Roussel has not helped her into her cart and taken a
+friendly leave of her; but he disappeared before market was over, and
+to-day he was not there at all.
+
+"And he might have walked home with me!" Tears are in poor little
+Marie's eyes. Leon Roussel has seemed her own special property, and he
+has not been to her mother's house for a fortnight. "And if he had been
+at market to-day, he would have been content with me: poor Nicolas must
+be ill indeed to stay away from market. Ma foi! I have been dull alone.
+Elise Lesage was civil, for a wonder: I hope she will give old Marais's
+note safely to his nephew. I wonder why she goes to see Nicolas?"
+
+As she says the word a strange foreboding seizes Marie: she cannot tell
+what causes it, but her old dislike to Elise rises up, mingled with a
+kind of fear. "I ought to have given Nicolas the note myself; and yet--"
+
+The road is very long and very dusty to-day: it is never an interesting
+way out of Aubette, except that being cut on the hillside it is raised
+high, the little river meandering through the osier meadows on the left,
+and also commands a fine view of the beautiful old church. But Marie
+does not turn back to look at the church: her heart is too heavy to take
+interest in anything out of herself. She has left the cart behind to
+bring out crockery and some new chairs which she has purchased for her
+mother, and she wishes she had stayed in Aubette till her cargo was
+packed. All at once a new thought comes, and her eyes brighten. A wood
+clothes the hilly side of the road, but on the left there is a steep
+descent into the valley, and the road is bordered either by scattered
+cottages or by an irregular hawthorn hedge. A little way on there is a
+gap in this hedge, and looking down there is a long steep flight of
+steps with wooden edges. At the foot stands a good-sized house divided
+now into several cottages. The walls are half-timbered with wood set
+crosswise in the plaster between two straight rows. Ladders, iron hoops
+and a bird-cage hang against the wall, and over the door is a wooden
+shelf with scarlet geraniums. There is a desolate garden divided into
+three by a criss-cross fence and a hedge, and over the last a huge
+orange citrouille has clambered and lies perched on the top.
+
+Marie knows that Nicolas Marais sometimes lodges in one of the cottages,
+but she knows too that the property belongs to Leon Roussel, and that he
+lives close by. A blush comes to the girl's cheeks: she may see Leon
+there. She stops and looks down: Elise Lesage is coming out of the
+doorway, but she is talking over her shoulder to some one behind her.
+Marie sees her put her fingers into one of the brown holland pockets,
+pull out a note and give it to her companion.
+
+Marie draws a deep breath: "How I wronged her! Ever since I gave her
+that note I have felt anxious and troubled. She seems so spiteful to me
+that I feared she might somehow get me into trouble with it, and yet I
+don't know how."
+
+There were footsteps coming along the road, but Marie did not look
+round: in the quick revulsion of feeling toward Elise she was eager to
+make atonement. She leaned on the hand-rail that went down the steps,
+waiting for Mademoiselle Lesage: if she had listened she would have
+noticed that the footsteps had come nearer and had suddenly ceased.
+
+Nicolas Marais came forward out of the cottage, and then Elise looked up
+and saw Marie. She smiled and nodded. "I am coming," she called up in
+her rasping voice; and she did seem in high haste to get to Marie
+Famette, but Marie saw that she looked beyond her at some one or
+something else. The girl looked over her shoulder, and there was Leon
+Roussel, but he did not care to look at her. His eyes were fixed sternly
+on Nicolas Marais, but Nicolas did not seem to care for his employer's
+anger: he was smiling rapturously up at Marie, and as she now looked at
+him he first kissed his hand and then put the note to his lips and
+kissed it twice.
+
+Marie grew crimson. Elise, who had just reached the top of the steps,
+laughed, and Leon Roussel stood an instant pale and defiant, and then
+turned back toward Aubette.
+
+"Stay, stay, Monsieur Leon!" Elise darted after him; then, stopping
+suddenly, she nodded back at Marie: "Stop and talk to Nicolas, mon
+enfant: I will make it all right for you with Monsieur Roussel;" and she
+hurried on in pursuit.
+
+But Marie was too angry with Nicolas to give him even a moment: "How
+dare he kiss his hand to me? And oh, Leon will think that I wrote that
+note to him, and how can I ever tell him the truth? Will Elise Lesage
+tell him?"
+
+She had just a faint hope; and then she reproached herself. Why should
+not Mademoiselle Lesage tell the truth? She was cross and spiteful, but
+then, poor thing! she was old and ugly. "And it may be," Marie thought,
+"that one is not half thankful enough for one's gifts, and that it is
+very irritating to be plain. It is Alphonse Poiseau who has made me
+think evil of Elise, and one should not cherish evil thoughts."
+
+Marie went home happier and lighter-hearted: that little glimpse of
+Leon had quieted the sore longing at her heart, and at first the joy of
+having seen him made her dwell less on his stern looks and his avoidance
+of herself.
+
+She came to the broad grassed turning that leads off the main road to
+St. Gertrude. A saddled donkey was grazing on one side, and on the other
+an old woman sat on a stone post. She jumped up when she saw Marie. She
+had looked tall as she sat: she was as broad as she was long now she
+stood erect in her dark striped gown and black jacket, and white cap
+with its plain border and lappets pinned together over her forehead.
+
+"Well, well, well!" She spoke in a short bustling voice--a voice that
+would have been cheering if it had been less restless. "Hast thou then
+seen Leon Roussel, Marie? Hast thou learned the reason of his absence?"
+
+Marie's tender, sweet look vanished: she tossed her pretty head and
+pouted: "Leon was not at the market, but I saw him as I came home; only
+he was not close to me, so we did not speak."
+
+"Didst thou see that vaurien Nicolas?"
+
+"Yes, I saw him."
+
+Marie blushed, and her mother burst out into angry words: "Foolish,
+trifling child that thou art! thou lovest that black-eyed gypsy boy; and
+for him, the idle vagabond, thou hast flung away the best _parti_ in
+Aubette. Ciel! what do I say? In Bolbec itself there is no one with
+better prospects than Leon Roussel." Madame Famette always failed in
+managing her daughter.
+
+Marie smiled and kept down her indignation. "I hardly know that," she
+said: "old Marais will make Nicolas his heir, and there is no saying how
+rich a miser is." She crossed the road, caught the donkey by the bridle,
+and held him ready for her mother to mount.
+
+Madame Famette went on grumbling, but Mouton the donkey soon drew her
+anger on himself; and by the time the three reached the triangle of
+gray, half-timbered cottages which surround the old church of St.
+Gertrude, the easy, sieve-like nature of the woman had recovered from
+its vexation.
+
+"Hola, Jeanne, Jeanne! run there and take Mouton from Mam'selle Marie,
+who is tired with the market. Come, thou, mon cher, and tell me the
+news." Madame Famette rolled off her donkey, and then rolled on into the
+house.
+
+
+III.
+
+Marie Famette was ill--much too ill to go to market.
+
+"I will go. Do not vex thyself, my child, and I will see our good doctor
+and bring thee back a tisane." The bustling woman, with her blue eyes
+and light eyelashes, bent down and kissed Marie's forehead, and then
+departed.
+
+"A tisane!" The bright blue eyes were so dull and languid now, half
+closed by the heavy white eyelids. "I wonder if even Doctor Gueroult is
+wise enough to cure the heart when it aches like mine? Ah, Leon, I did
+not think you could be so hard, so cruel; and how could he know, how
+could he see into my heart, while I stood laughing so foolishly with
+Nicolas and Monsieur Poiseau? If Elise Lesage had not teased me about
+Leon, it might have been different, but I could not let her think I
+cared for him after what she said." She leaned back her head and cried
+bitterly.
+
+Madame Famette was more serious than usual on her way to the market.
+Matters were getting tangled, she thought. Leon Roussel had begun to be
+a regular Sunday visitor at the cottage, and now three weeks and more
+had gone by and he had not come; and a gossip who had walked home from
+church with her overnight had told Madame Famette that Mam'selle Lesage
+was going to marry a Monsieur Roussel: whether it was Leon or a Monsieur
+Roussel of some other place than Aubette her gossip could not affirm;
+and in this uncertainty the mother's heart was troubled. She was very
+proud of Marie's beauty and graceful ways, and she had thought it a just
+tribute when the young timber-merchant had asked her permission to call
+at the cottage; and now, just when she had been expecting that his aunt,
+La Mere Therese, the superior of the Convent du Sacre Coeur in Aubette,
+would send for her in order that the demand for her daughter's hand and
+the preliminaries of the marriage might be settled, had come first Leon
+Roussel's strange absence and the visits of Nicolas Marais, and now the
+gossip about Elise Lesage.
+
+"I will know the right of it to-day," Madame Famette thinks, and she
+lashes out at Mouton in an unusual fashion.
+
+The first customer at her stall is Madame Houlard, the wife of the
+tailor and town councillor. "How is Marie?" she says: "the market does
+not seem itself without Marie Famette."
+
+Madame Famette smiles, but she sighs too: "My poor little girl is ill;"
+and then her eyes rove round the market, and fix on Mademoiselle Lesage
+bustling in and out among her clients. "Have you then heard that Elise
+Lesage is to be married?" she says in a low, cautious voice.
+
+Madame Houlard's flat, good-tempered face grows troubled: "Ah yes, I
+have heard some talk; and listen to that noisy fellow;" then she points
+to Floris Marceau, who is gesticulating and vehement as usual.
+
+She is surprised to find her arm tightly grasped by the large hand of
+the fruit-seller: "Madame Houlard, tell me the truth: who is to marry
+with Elise Lesage?"
+
+Madame Houlard leads a very tranquil life: her husband is the most
+placid man in Aubette, and she has never had any children to disturb the
+calm of existence. She is ruffled and shocked by Madame Famette's
+vehemence. She bridles and releases her plump arm: "Ma foi, my friend!
+what will you? Gossip comes, and gossip goes. I believe all I hear--that
+is but convenable--but then, look you, I am quite as willing to believe
+in the contradiction which so frequently follows. One should never
+excite one's self about anything: be sure of this, my friend, it is bad
+for the nerves. What is salsify a bundle to-day?"
+
+Madame Famette, as has been said, has a sieve-like nature with regard to
+the passing away of wrath, but still her anger is easily roused. "It
+would be simpler to tell me what you have heard," she says in a very
+snappish accent. "When I want a lecture I can get it from monsieur le
+cure."
+
+Madame Houlard had felt unwilling to tell her news, but this aggravating
+sentence goaded it out of her mouth: "It is to Monsieur Roussel, the
+timber-merchant, that Elise Lesage is to be married: see, he is talking
+to her now." There is a slight tone of satisfaction in Madame Houlard's
+smooth voice, and yet in her heart she is sorry for her friend's
+disappointment. All the market-place of Aubette had given Leon Roussel
+to the charming Marie.
+
+"Leon Roussel! Why, she is as old as he is--older; and, ma foi! how
+ugly! and her parents--no one knows where they came from; and she--she
+is nothing but a money-grubber."
+
+The day was tedious to Madame Famette. She tried to speak to Leon, but
+he avoided her with a distant bow. There was not even Alphonse Poiseau
+to help her: only little Pierre Trotin came and carried her baskets to
+the donkey-cart. She called at the doctor's house, but she could not see
+him. Madame Famette's heart had not been so heavy since her husband
+died. "It is that serpent"--she wiped her eyes on a huge blue-and-yellow
+pocket handkerchief--"who has done it all; and my poor unsuspecting
+child has flirted with Nicolas, and made the way easy. Ciel! what do I
+know? It is possible that Marie loves Nicolas, and is willing to throw
+herself away on a vaurien with a pair of dark eyes; and the news will
+not grieve her as it has grieved me."
+
+She met her servant Jeanne at the entrance of the road, and gave up the
+donkey-cart to her care. Then she went on sorrowfully and silently to
+find Marie. The door stood ajar, just as she had left it. She went in
+more quietly than usual, but Marie heard her. The girl sat just where
+her mother had left her: the loaf of bread lay untouched. It was plain
+that Marie had gone without breakfast. Her face was very pale, and her
+eyes fixed strainingly on her mother, but she did not speak.
+
+Madame Famette's vexation had made her cross, and Marie's pale face
+increased her trouble: "How naughty thou art then, Marie! I set thee a
+knife and a plate: thou hadst but to stretch out thy hand. Ciel! but the
+market tires!" She cut a slice of bread for her daughter, and then she
+seated herself.
+
+"Mother"--Marie bent forward and shaded her eyes with her hand--"didst
+thou see Leon Roussel?"
+
+Madame's shoulders went up to her ears in a heave of disgust: "Thou
+mayest as well know it, Marie: Leon Roussel is promised to Elise Lesage,
+and they were together in the market. See what thy folly has caused!"
+
+But Marie scarcely heard her mother's reproaches. The blood flew up to
+her face, and then it left her paler than before. She bent lower--lower
+yet, until she overbalanced and fell like a crushed lily at her mother's
+feet.
+
+
+IV.
+
+"How is Marie Famette?" Monsieur Houlard the tailor asks of Monsieur
+Gueroult the doctor of Aubette, as he meets him hurrying through the Rue
+de la Boucherie.
+
+"She is better, the poor child! but she must be careful this winter."
+Then, seeing Houlard look anxious, the good doctor says, "But she is so
+far better that I have discontinued my visits: I have given Marie leave
+to come to Aubette."
+
+"That is good news," says Houlard as the doctor shoots past him, and the
+tailor tells the next person he meets that Marie Famette is as well as
+ever, and is coming to market as usual.
+
+It is Leon Roussel to whom he tells this, and Monsieur Houlard is pained
+at the young man's want of interest.
+
+"One would have thought," he says to his wife when he reaches his shop,
+"that Roussel was displeased with Marie for recovering her health."
+
+"Perhaps he thinks she will make a fool of herself, now she is well
+again, by marrying Nicolas Marais: I hear they are lovers."
+
+"It is a pity," says the dutiful husband. "Girls should not choose for
+themselves. You did not, my dear, and that is why our life has gone so
+easily."
+
+But Marie is not really as strong as the doctor pronounces her to be:
+her cheeks are hollow, and the color on them is feverish and uncertain.
+If she could get away from home she would have more chance of mending.
+Madame Famette's sorrow at her daughter's changed looks expands itself
+in querulous remonstrance on the folly of flirting and on the
+good-for-nothing qualities of Nicolas Marais. Nicolas has come to
+inquire for Marie, but Madame Famette has received him so uncourteously
+that the poor fellow contents himself with hovering about on the chance
+of meeting Marie alone. But he never sees her, although the rumor grows
+strong in St. Gertrude, and is wafted on to Aubette, that Nicolas and
+Marie will be married as soon as she gets well enough to see about
+wedding-clothes.
+
+It is the beginning of October, a bright clear morning. The red and
+yellow leaves come swiftly to the ground with a sudden snap from the
+twigs that held them: the rabbits move about briskly, and a couple of
+field-mice in search of winter stores run across the road nearly under
+Marie's feet. Marie's cheeks are rosy with the fresh, crisp air, but she
+does not look gay or happy. Life seems to have got into a hard knot
+which the poor little girl finds no power to untie. Market-day used to
+be a fete to Marie, but to-day she considers it a penance to be sent in
+to Aubette. She is not going to hold her stall--ah no, she is not nearly
+strong enough for such a task--but Madame Famette has a severe attack of
+rheumatism, and Jeanne cannot be trusted to buy the weekly provision of
+groceries. Marie shrinks as she goes along at the thought of meeting
+Leon Roussel. There is another thought, which she will not face--that it
+is possible Leon and Elise Lesage will be together in the market-place.
+"I need not go into the Grande Place at all," the poor child says. "I
+can get all I want in the Rue des Bons Enfants;" and she goes there when
+she reaches Aubette.
+
+But Marie has miscalculated her strength. She grows suddenly so white
+that Monsieur le Blanc, the epicier of the Rue des Bons Enfants, takes
+her into his daughter's room and makes her lie down on the little sofa.
+Marie lies there with widely-opened eyes, wondering how she shall get
+back to St. Gertrude.
+
+"You are to lie still till Therese comes back from market," the old man
+says, "and then she will arrange about your going home."
+
+Marie lies gazing dreamily at the blue-papered ceiling. "I used to think
+Therese le Blanc a cross old maid," she ponders: "shall I be a cross old
+maid too?" And then the pale, stricken girl holds up her thin hand and
+sighs: "I shall not be old: I shall die soon. Poor mother! she will
+forgive Nicolas when I am gone away."
+
+There is a bustle in the shop, but Marie does not heed it. She smiles
+when Therese comes in, but she is too weak to talk--too weak to make any
+objection when she hears that a farmer who lives some miles beyond St.
+Gertrude has undertaken to convey her in his huge green-hooded wagon as
+far as the cross-road.
+
+Therese stands over her while she eats a piece of bread and drinks a
+glass of wine, and then the farmer, a stout old Norman in a gray blouse,
+helps her into the back of the wagon, and makes a resting-place for her
+on some of the hay still left unsold, under the lofty arched roof.
+
+
+V.
+
+"Get up my friend, get up: you will reach Yvetot sooner if I give you a
+lift than if you wait. The diligence does not leave Aubette till six
+o'clock, remember, and my old horses get over the ground surely if not
+quickly."
+
+Marie rouses from a sort of doze, but she cannot see the farmer or the
+wayfarer to whom he speaks: a pile of new fruit-baskets fills up the
+middle of the huge vehicle, and makes a wall between Marie and the
+driving-seat.
+
+"Well, mon gars, it is a long time since I saw you, and the town-gossip
+of Aubette tells me more of your affairs than you ever condescend to
+inform your cousin of. Your mother was different, Leon. Dame! I could
+never pass her door after your father died but she would stop my wagon
+and ask me for just five minutes' counsel. But you young ones are all
+alike: the world has got a new pivot, it seems, for this generation, and
+it will move round more easily when we graybeards are all kicked out."
+
+"I don't think so, for one." Marie had known she must hear Leon
+Roussel's voice, and yet her heart throbbed at his first words. "But, my
+cousin, what is the news that thou hast learned about me in Aubette?"
+
+"Well, the news varies: sometimes I hear thee coupled with one girl, and
+then again with another, till I do not know what to think, Leon. I am
+afraid thou art fickle."
+
+There was a pause. Marie raised herself on one elbow and listened
+breathlessly: it never came to her mind that she was listening to talk
+not intended for her ears.
+
+"Well, man"--the farmer seemed nettled--"why not speak out and say thou
+art promised to old Lesage's daughter?"
+
+"Because I am not promised to her."
+
+Marie stifled a sob. It seemed as if her heart could not much longer
+hold in its agitation, she longed so intensely for the farmer's next
+question and for Leon's answer.
+
+"Art thou promised to the beauty of the market, the little Marie?"
+
+There was no pause this time. Leon's words came out rapidly with bitter
+emphasis: "Marie Famette is going to marry Marais of Vatteville."
+
+"Marry! Ma foi! I hear the girl is very ill. I forget--there is a sick
+girl in the wagon now."
+
+It seemed to the listener that Leon spoke heedless of the farmer's last
+words: "Once again the town-gossip has deceived you, Michel. I heard a
+week ago, and Houlard had just learned it from the Doctor Gueroult, that
+Marie Famette is as well and gay as ever. I believe she has come back to
+the market."
+
+No reply. The silence that followed oppressed Marie: a sense of
+guilt stole over her. It was not likely that old Michel Roussel knew who
+she was when he helped her into the wagon: she remembered now that Leon
+had told her of his rich cousin at Yvetot; she knew she must get out
+soon, and then Leon would see her and know that she had heard him. She
+felt sick with shame. Would it not have been more honest to have
+betrayed her presence? It was too late now. "And I could not--I have not
+the courage." Marie crouched closer under the wall of baskets.
+
+Suddenly, Leon spoke. "Well, Michel, I will get out here," he said.
+
+The wagon stopped. Marie heard farewells exchanged, and then on they
+jogged again to St. Gertrude.
+
+Marie's heart was suddenly stilled: its painful throbbing and fluttering
+had subsided--it sank like lead. Leon was gone, and she had flung away
+her only chance of telling him that Nicolas Marais never had been--never
+could be--more to her than a friend.
+
+"Oh what a fool I am! I may often see him, but how can I say this? And
+just now the way was open!"
+
+When Farmer Roussel stopped the wagon again, and came round to the back
+to help Marie out, he found her sobbing bitterly.
+
+"Here we are at St. Gertrude, but--Ma foi! but this is childish, ma
+belle," he said kindly, "to go spoiling your pretty eyes because you
+feel ill. Courage! you will soon be well if you eat and drink and keep a
+light heart." He helped her down tenderly, and shook both her hands in
+his before he let her go. "Well," he said as he rolled up on to the
+seat, "I wonder I had not asked for a kiss. She is rarely pretty, poor
+child!"
+
+Marie stood still just where she had found her mother seated on that
+evening which it seemed to the girl had begun all her misery; but till
+now through all there had been hope--the hope given by disbelief in
+Leon's engagement to Elise Lesage. Now there was the sad, terrible
+certainty that Leon believed her false. Marie knew that though she had
+never pledged faith, still her eyes had shown Leon feelings which no
+other man had seen in them. For a moment she felt nerved to a kind of
+desperation: she would go and seek Leon, and tell him the truth that
+some one had set on foot this false report of her promise to Nicolas
+Marais. She turned again toward the high-road, and then her heart sank.
+How could she seek Leon? He did not love her, and if she made this
+confession would it not be a tacit owning of love for himself? The
+weight at her heart seemed to burden her limbs: she dragged on toward
+home wearily and slowly.
+
+The road turns suddenly into St. Gertrude, and takes a breathing-space
+at a sharp angle with a breadth of grass, bordered by a clump of nut
+trees. Before Marie reached the nut trees she saw Leon Roussel standing
+beside them. She stopped, but he had been waiting for her coming: he
+came forward to meet her.
+
+When he saw her face he looked grieved, but he spoke very coldly: "I
+have been to your cottage to inquire for you"--he raised his hat, but he
+made no effort to take her hand--"and then I heard you were expected
+home from Aubette. I did not know how ill you had been till to-day,
+Marie: I had been told you were quite recovered."
+
+His cold, hard manner wounded her: "Oh, I am better, thank you;" but as
+she spoke her sight grew dizzy: she would have fallen if Leon had not
+caught her in his arms. She felt that he clasped her closely for an
+instant, and then he loosed his hold.
+
+"Thank you!" She freed herself. "I am better. I will go home now,
+Monsieur Roussel."
+
+He took off his hat mechanically, and Marie turned toward St. Gertrude.
+
+But she did not move: she had no power to go forward. An impulse
+stronger than her will was holding her. She looked round: Leon had not
+moved--he stood with his eyes fixed on the ground.
+
+"I must tell you something," she said. Leon started: he had never heard
+Marie speak in such a humble tone. "I was in the wagon just now, and I
+listened to your talk with Monsieur Michel." Her cheeks grew crimson.
+"But, Monsieur Roussel, you are in error about me. Nicolas Marais is my
+friend"--Leon's face grew so stern that her eyes drooped and her voice
+faltered--"but he will never be more to me. He has always been my
+friend."
+
+Leon came close to her and took her hand: "Marie"--his voice was so
+harsh and severe that she shrunk from him--"you must tell the truth, and
+you must not be angry if I doubt you. My child, did I not see Nicolas
+kiss the letter you sent him, and look at you as he kissed it?"
+
+"Did Elise Lesage tell you I wrote that letter?" But Marie's fear had
+left her. She smiled up at her lover, once more his own arch, bright
+Marie: "How dared you believe her, Leon? I have a great mind not to tell
+you the truth."
+
+But Leon Roussel was satisfied, for while she spoke his arm had folded
+round her again, and he was much too happy to trouble himself about
+Nicolas Marais.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Leon and Marie are to be married in November, and Mam'selle Lesage has
+been so indisposed that for two consecutive Saturdays she has sent a
+deputy to collect sous in the market of Aubette.
+
+KATHARINE S. MACQUOID.
+
+
+
+
+SALMON FISHING IN CANADA.
+
+
+Fifty years ago, when the manners and habits of the Americans were very
+different from what they now are, there lived in Boston two gentlemen so
+far in advance of their age as to devote much time to shooting and
+fishing. These pursuits were denounced by the Puritans and their
+descendants as a sinful waste of time, and there is a letter extant from
+one of the early Massachusetts governors, in which he reproaches himself
+for indulging in "fowling," the rather because, as he confesses, he
+failed to get any game. These two bold Bostonians were wont to go to
+Scotland for salmon-fishing, having a belief that the salmon of the
+American rivers were too uncultivated in their taste to rise at a fly.
+However this may have been in 1820, the salmon of the Dominion are
+to-day as open to the attractions of a well-tied combination of feathers
+and pig's-wool, as those of the rivers of Norway or Scotland; and as,
+under the protection which the Canadian rivers now enjoy, the fish are
+becoming plentiful, sport is offered in the numerous streams which flow
+into the St. Lawrence, the Bays of Chaleur and Miramichi, and the Gulf
+of St. Lawrence, probably superior to any now to be found elsewhere.
+
+Having last year paid a visit to one of these beautiful rivers, I
+propose to give an account of my introduction to the art and mystery of
+salmon-fishing, to the end that other anglers, whose exploits have
+hitherto been confined to the capture of a pound trout or a four-pound
+pickerel, may know the joy of feeling the rush of a twenty-pound salmon
+fresh run from the sea--the most brilliant, active and vigorous of the
+finny tribes, the king of the river, using the term in its original
+sense--the strongest, the ablest, the most cunning. A late writer on
+English field-sports says: "I assert that there is no single moment with
+horse or gun into which is concentrated such a thrill of hope, fear,
+expectation and exultation as that of the rise and successful striking
+of a heavy salmon."
+
+And first, let me say something of the system of protection to these
+fisheries adopted by the Canadian government, which renders this sport
+possible. Finding that under the constant slaughter of salmon and trout,
+by the Indians with spears and by the whites with nets, the fish were
+becoming not only scarce, but in danger of extinction, the government
+interfered, and a few years ago passed laws the effects of which are
+already apparent. Certainly, a paternal government is sometimes a good
+thing. On our side the line a ring of wealthy men, with a large capital
+in nets, seines, pounds, etc., will, as has been seen in Rhode Island,
+depopulate a coast in a few years of its food-fishes, leaving nothing
+for increase; and when the poor fishermen, whose living depends on these
+free gifts of God, ask for protection from the legislature, the ring is
+too powerful, one of its members being perhaps governor of the State.
+
+In the year 1858 the colonial government resumed possession of all the
+salmon and sea-trout fisheries in Lower Canada, and after the enactment
+of a protective law offered them for lease by public tender. A list is
+given of sixty-seven salmon rivers which flow into the St. Lawrence and
+the Saguenay, and of nine which flow into the Bay of Chaleur. There are
+also tributaries of these, making over one hundred rivers which by this
+time contain salmon, and many of them in great abundance. Licenses are
+granted by the government for rod-fishing in these rivers on payment of
+sums ranging from one hundred to five hundred dollars the season for a
+river, according to its size, accessibility, etc. These rivers are
+generally taken by parties of anglers, but of late I learn that licenses
+for single rods have been granted, so that all may be accommodated.
+Applications for a river or part of one can be made to Mr. William F.
+Whitcher of Ottawa, who is at the head of the Fisheries Department. Our
+party of four persons had obtained, through the courtesy of Messrs.
+Brydges and Fleming of the Intercolonial Railway of Canada, the upper
+part of the Restigouche, a river flowing into the Bay of Chaleur, and
+one of the best in the Dominion. Three of us had never killed a salmon,
+though we were familiar with other kinds of fishing. We had, however,
+for teacher one who for fifty years had been a salmon-fisher--first as a
+boy in Ireland, and since that for many years in Canada, in most of
+whose rivers he had killed salmon. As an angler he was a thorough
+artist, as a woodsman he was an expert, and as a companion he was most
+agreeable. Among the Indians, who have the habit of naming every person
+from some personal trait, he was known as "the Kingfisher," and by that
+name I shall call him. The second of our party, who procured the right
+of fishing the Restigouche, and made up the party, I shall call Rodman,
+which suits him both as fisherman and in his professional character of
+engineer. The third, being a tall man of rather military aspect, we knew
+as "the Colonel;" and the fourth, who writes this narrative, shall be
+called "the Scribe."
+
+Behold us, then, at Quebec in the last week of June, making our
+preparations--laying in stores for camping out, and buying
+fishing-tackle, which for this kind of sport is best procured in Canada.
+On the 25th of June our thirty-one packages were on board the steamer
+Miramichi, piled on the upper deck, with many more of the same
+appearance--tents, buffalo robes, camp-chests, salmon-rods and
+gaff-handles--belonging to other parties bound on the same errand as
+ourselves. Three were British officers going to the Upsalquitch, men of
+the long-whiskered, Dundreary type, who soon let us know with many
+haw-haws that they had fished in Norway, and had killed salmon on the
+estate of my Lord Knowswho in Scotland, while guests of that nobleman.
+There were two Londoners in full suits of tweed, with Glengarry bonnets,
+who were bound to the Cascapediac: they tried to imitate the bearing of
+the military men; and why not? As Thackeray says, "Am I not a snob and a
+brother?" There was a party of Americans on their way to a Gaspe
+river--veteran anglers, who had frequented these rivers for some years.
+The rest of the company was made up of Canadians from Montreal and
+Quebec, many of them pleasure-seekers--stout elderly men, with equally
+full-fed, comfortable-looking wives, and rosy-faced daughters with
+straight, slender figures, by and by to emulate the rounded proportions
+of their mammas. The young men were mostly equipped with white canvas
+shoes and veils twisted round their hats--for what purpose I have not
+been able to discover, but it seems to be the correct thing for the
+Canadian tourist.
+
+Four hundred and fifty miles from Quebec we reach the entrance of Gaspe
+Bay, at the head of which fine sheet of water, in a landlocked harbor,
+stands the town of Gaspe, distinguished as the place where Jacques
+Cartier landed in 1534. It is now a great fishing-station, employing
+thousands of men along the coast in the cod-fishery. Here are fine
+scenery, clear bracing air, good sea-bathing, excellent salmon- and
+trout-fishing and a comfortable hotel. What more can a well-regulated
+mind desire? Into Gaspe Bay flow the Dartmouth, the York and the St.
+John--good salmon-rivers, while both they and the smaller streams abound
+with sea-trout and brook-trout. Thirty miles south of Gaspe is the
+little town of Perce, also a fishing-station. Near this stands a rock of
+red sandstone, five hundred feet long and three hundred high, with an
+open arch leading through it, under which a boat can pass. It stands a
+mile from the shore in deep water, and its top affords a secure
+breeding-place for hundreds of sea-fowl.
+
+South of Gaspe Bay we pass the mouths of the Bonaventure and the Grand
+and Little Cascapediac--rivers well stocked with salmon--and reach
+Dalhousie on the Bay of Chaleur about midnight on the 28th. We land in a
+small boat in the darkness, and soon find ourselves at the comfortable
+tavern of William Murphy, where we breakfast the next morning on
+salmon-trout and wild strawberries. The town contains about six hundred
+inhabitants, and has a pleasant seat along the bay. Its principal
+industry seems to be lumber, or deals, which mean three-inch plank, in
+which shape most of the pine and spruce exported from the Dominion find
+their way to England. Here they also put up salmon and lobsters for the
+American market--America meaning the United States. Two steamers touch
+here weekly, and there is a daily mail and telegraphic communication
+with the outside world. A few tourists, mostly from Montreal and Quebec,
+fill two or three small boarding-houses.
+
+The next morning we started in wagons for Matapedia, thirty miles up the
+river, where we expected to secure canoes and Indians for our trip to
+the upper waters of the Restigouche. Our road was good, following a
+terrace about fifty feet above the river, which here is about a mile in
+width, and flows placidly through a wide valley, with high hills on both
+sides covered with a growth of spruce and cedar. Fifteen miles above
+Dalhousie, at the head of navigation for large vessels, lies the village
+of Campbellton. Here the character of the river changes: it becomes more
+narrow and rapid, the hills come down closer to the shore, and it
+assumes the features of a true salmon-river. It was formerly one of the
+most famous in the provinces, and the late Robert Christie, for many
+years member for Gaspe, used to take two thousand tierces of salmon
+annually from the Restigouche.
+
+Here we fall in with the Intercolonial Railway, which has its western
+terminus at Riviere du Loup, below Quebec, and its eastern at Halifax.
+The line is to cross the river at Matapedia on an iron bridge, and
+follow down the valley. About 1 P. M. we crossed the ferry in a
+row-boat, just below Fraser's hotel. The river is deep, swift and very
+clear, with a rocky bank, from which they are getting out stone for the
+abutments of the bridge. This bridge, and another similar one where the
+line crosses the Miramichi, are building at Phoenixville, Pennsylvania,
+and we saw at Campbellton a large bark discharging her cargo, consisting
+of the bridge-work ready to set up.
+
+We arrived at Fraser's in time to partake of a fine boiled salmon, and
+we observe a constant improvement in this fish. Those in Montreal were
+better than those in the States; those in Quebec still better; those we
+ate on board the Gulf steamer a shade finer still. At Dalbousie we
+thought that salmon had reached perfection, but were undeceived by those
+upon Fraser's table, which far surpassed all that we had yet tasted in
+succulence and flavor.
+
+We had hoped to go up the river on the morrow, Saturday, but found it
+was a great festival of the Catholic Church, and the Indians would not
+start till Monday. Great was the indignation of the British officers who
+were preparing to go up the other river. To be delayed by the religious
+scruples of an Indian was too absurd. But even the "superior race" had
+to submit. So the next day we all went down the river trout-fishing.
+
+I went about two miles to the "flat lands," and fished some pretty pools
+and rapids: the day was very bright and hot, so that I thought the trout
+would not rise to a fly, and I put on a small spoon, which I dropped
+into the rapids at the end of a long rod. After catching three or four
+they grew suspicious, and I changed my lure for an artificial minnow,
+and with it I had better success, though I have often tried it in
+Western trout-streams ineffectually. I got about a dozen, from four
+ounces to a pound weight: they were sea-trout, _Salmo Canadensis_, and
+the first of that species that I ever saw. They are handsome and active
+fish, lighter in color than the brook-trout, with silvery sides and
+belly. The flesh is red like a salmon, and is of higher flavor, I think,
+than that of _Salmo fontinalis_. My companions, Rodman and Kingfisher,
+both used the fly, and got, I think, more fish than I did.
+
+The next day, June 30th, was Sunday, and the law of the Dominion
+prohibits fishing on that day. The weather was intensely hot, and we
+stayed in the house and enjoyed the fine scenery all about us. At night
+a heavy thunder-storm cooled the air for our next day's journey.
+
+_July 1._ Our canoes and Indians arrived this morning about ten o'clock,
+and instead of being shepherds of the forest, with their blankets tied
+with yellow strings, they had no blankets at all, but wore coats and
+trowsers--yea, even boots, which I had always been told had no business
+in a canoe. There were four bark canoes and eight Mic-macs--one boat for
+each of us--and as we had a large amount of baggage and provisions, it
+was thought best to send off the canoes with these, while we went in
+wagons across a great bend of the river to the house of Mr. John Mowatt,
+the river overseer. We crossed the Matapediac in a dug-out: this is a
+tributary of the Restigouche, which comes in at Fraser's. On the other
+side we found wagons which took us to Mowatt's, seven miles over the
+hills, arriving at 4 P. M. The canoes arrived about sunset, having come
+twelve miles since noon against a strong current.
+
+_July 2._ Starting in the morning at sunrise, the canoes took us six
+miles by seven o'clock, when we stopped in the woods for breakfast. The
+river has a very strong current, and from two to three miles an hour is
+all that can be done against it with setting-poles when there is a heavy
+load in the canoe. In places the water was too shallow even for a bark,
+and the men stepped over-board and lifted her along. The Restigouche is
+a beautiful river, with few islands or obstructions of any kind: the
+water is perfectly transparent, and very cold--the chosen haunt of the
+salmon. We see few houses or farms: rounded hills, from three to nine
+hundred feet high, border the stream, leaving only a narrow strip of
+beach, which is free from bushes or fallen trees. These are probably all
+swept away by the ice in the spring freshets. The hills somewhat
+resemble those on the Upper Mississippi, except that here there are none
+of those cliffs of yellow limestone which are remarkable on the great
+river of the West. About eight miles farther on we stopped for dinner
+near a cold brook, from which I took half a dozen trout. In the
+afternoon we proceeded five or six miles, and then camped for the night
+upon a rocky beach, and, though somewhat annoyed by the sand-flies, we
+slept well upon our beds of spruce boughs.
+
+_July 3._ Broke camp at 5 A. M., and went up six miles to a place
+called Tom's Brook, where we breakfasted. Here I killed a dozen trout
+with the spoon. Six miles from Tom's Brook we came to the first
+salmon-pool, of which there were six in the portion of the river
+assigned to us--viz.: First, Big Cross Pool; second, Lower Indian-house
+Pool; third, Upper Indian-house Pool; fourth, Patapediac Pool, called by
+the Indians Paddypajaw; fifth, Red Bank Pool; sixth, Little Cross Pool.
+These pools are the places where the salmon rest in their journey from
+the sea to the headwaters of the river. They are usually in spots where
+there is a strong but not violent current, perhaps six or eight feet
+deep, running off to shoal water on one side of the river. The pools
+have been found by the Indians, who search for them by night with
+torches, which show the fish as they lie near the bottom, and they do
+not differ materially in appearance from other parts of the river where
+no salmon are to be found.
+
+The salmon is what is called _anadromous_--that is, though an inhabitant
+of the ocean for most of the year, it ascends the fresh-water rivers in
+summer to spawn. In this function it is guided by curious instincts. The
+female deposits her eggs in swift shallow water at the heads of streams,
+in trenches dug by herself and the male fish in the gravelly bottom; but
+it must not be fresh gravel: it must have been exposed to the action of
+water for at least two years, or they will have none of it; and if a
+freshet should bring new gravel from the banks, they will abandon the
+place and seek for new spawning-grounds. It is only when the salmon are
+resting in these pools that they will take a fly.
+
+The first pool was at a point where the river made a short turn around a
+large rock: the current was swift, with a hole at the foot of the rapid
+perhaps twenty feet deep, with a rock bottom. Here our leader,
+Kingfisher, rigged his salmon-rod, put on two flies and began to cast. I
+trolled in the swift water as we proceeded, and with my spoon took a few
+small trout. A salmon rose to the fly of Kingfisher, but was not
+hooked; this was the first fish that we saw. (The term "fish" is always
+applied to the salmon by anglers: other inhabitants of the water are
+spoken of as "trout" or "bass;" a salmon is a "fish.") Although we had
+seen none before, our keen-eyed Indians had seen many as we came up the
+river.
+
+We then went on to the Lower Indian-house Pool, two miles farther, and
+Kingfisher made a few casts; but raising no fish, we went up a mile
+farther to our camping-ground, an island between the two pools, having
+plenty of wood upon it, with a cold spring brook close by--an old and
+famous camping-place for salmon-fishers--and here we intended to make
+our permanent quarters. We had four tents--one to sleep in, fitted with
+mosquito-bars; one for an eating-tent, with canvas top and sides of
+netting: in it was a rough table and two benches, hewed out with an axe
+by one of our men. There was also a tent for storing provisions and for
+the cook, for we had brought with us a man for this important office. A
+fourth tent for the Indians, and a cooking-stove with camp-chests and
+equipage, completed our outfit, which all belonged to Kingfisher, and
+represented the results of many years' experience in camping out. The
+cooking-stove is made of sheet iron and packs in a box, and is one of
+the most valuable utensils in the woods.
+
+It took the rest of the day to make the camp, and in the evening
+Kingfisher and the Colonel went in their canoe to the lower pool, and
+the former killed two salmon, weighing eighteen and twenty-two pounds.
+These, our first fish, were objects of much interest to us new hands.
+The Colonel took his first lesson in salmon-fishing, and thought he
+could do it himself.
+
+_July 4._ We proposed to celebrate this day by each of us killing a
+salmon, but I thought it would be prudent first to go out with
+Kingfisher and see how he did it, before attempting it myself. So I got
+into his canoe, and the Indians paddled us to Upper Pool, within sight
+of our camp but for a bend in the river. Kingfisher had the canoe
+anchored within casting distance of the channel, and there, as he sat
+in the bottom of the boat, he made his casts with a nineteen-foot rod,
+first about twenty-five feet, and rapidly letting out more line he
+increased the length of his casts to sixty feet perhaps, the big
+salmon-flies falling lightly on the water, first across the channel to
+the right; then letting the current take the flies down to the end of
+the line, he drew them round to the left in a circle; then raising them
+slowly from the water, he repeated the process, thus fishing over all
+the water within his reach. Now the Indians raise the anchor and let the
+canoe drop down a few feet. At the first cast after this change of
+ground a bulge in the water showed where a salmon had risen at the fly
+and missed it. "We will rest him for five minutes," said Kingfisher, and
+lighted his pipe for a smoke. Then he changed his fly for a larger and
+more brilliant one, and at the first cast a big fish rolled over at the
+fly and went off with a rush, making the reel whiz.
+
+"I've got him," said Kingfisher, calmly putting up his pipe and bringing
+his rod to a nearly perpendicular position, which threw a great strain
+on the mouth of the salmon from the spring of the rod. He ran about
+twenty-five yards, and then leaped six feet into the air. Kingfisher
+dropped the point of his rod as the fish leaped, and then raised it as
+the salmon went away with twenty yards more of line.
+
+"Up anchor, Hughey: we must follow him." So they plied their paddles
+after the salmon, who was making down stream, Kingfisher reeling up his
+line as fast as possible. Up went the salmon again, striking at the line
+with his tail as he came down; but this trick failed, and he then
+sulked, by diving into the depths of the river and remaining there
+motionless for half an hour. Suddenly he rose and made for the heavy
+current, from which Kingfisher tried to steer him into the still water
+near the shore, where it was about three feet deep, and where he could
+be played with more safety. After about forty minutes' play the fish was
+coaxed alongside the canoe, evidently tired out and having lost his
+force and fury, when Hughey struck the gaff into him near the tail, and
+lifted him into the canoe, where he struggled very little, so nearly
+beaten was he.
+
+"About nineteen pounds, I think," said Kingfisher, who from long
+experience could name the weight of a fish very correctly.
+
+Returning to the spot where he had hooked the fish, Kingfisher after a
+few casts rose and hooked another, which he killed in twenty-five
+minutes--a fish of twelve pounds. After seeing the method of this artist
+I was presumptuous enough to suppose that I could do it also, and I
+determined to open the campaign the next day.
+
+_July 5._ Bent on salmon-killing, I was off this morning at five, hoping
+to bring home a fish for breakfast. The Upper Indian-house Pool is for
+Rodman and me to-day, the others going to Patapedia, three miles above.
+Kingfisher fitted me out with a Castle Connell rod, quite light and
+pliable, with which he has killed many a fish; a click reel, which
+obliges the fish to use some force in getting out the line: of this I
+have one hundred yards of oiled silk, with a twelve-feet gut
+casting-line, to the end of which is looped a brilliant creature almost
+as large as a humming-bird--certainly the likeness of nothing inhabiting
+earth, air or water. Mike and Peter, my Indians, took me to the pool,
+and I began casting at the place where Kingfisher got his salmon
+yesterday, while Rodman took the upper end of the pool, which was three
+or four hundred yards in length. I had fished for trout in a bark canoe,
+and knew how crank a vessel it is; so I did not attempt to stand up and
+cast, but seated myself upon the middle cross-bar with my face turned
+down stream, and began to imitate the casting of Kingfisher as well as I
+could. I had fished but a few yards of water when the quick-eyed Peter
+cried, "Lameau!" which is Mic-mac for salmon. He had seen the rise of
+the fish, which I had not. And here I may observe that good eyes are
+necessary to make a salmon-fisher, and a near-sighted person like the
+Scribe can never greatly excel in this pursuit. All the salmon which I
+hooked fastened themselves: I had only this part in it, that I was the
+fool at one end of the rod. I waited five minutes, according to rule,
+and cast again. "Habet!" There can be no mistake this time: my eyes were
+good enough to see the savage rush with which he seized my fly and
+plunged with it down to the depths.
+
+"Hold up your rod!" cries Peter, who saw that, taken by surprise, I was
+dropping the point of it. I raised it nearly upright, and this, with the
+friction of the reel, caused the fish, which had started to run after he
+felt the prick of the hook, to stop when he had gone half across the
+river, and make his leap or somersault.
+
+"A twenty-pounder," said Mike.
+
+When he leaped I ought to have dropped my point, so that he should not
+fall on the line, but I did nothing of the sort. I felt much as I once
+did in the woods of Wisconsin when a dozen deer suddenly jumped up from
+the long grass all about me, and I forgot that I had a gun in my hands.
+I had so much line out that, as it happened, no bad consequences
+followed, and the fish started for another run, at the end of which he
+made his leap, and coming down he struck my line with his tail, and was
+gone! Slowly and sadly I wound up my line, and found the gut broken
+close to the hook, and my beautiful "Fairy" vanished.
+
+Then I looped on another insect phenomenon, and went on casting. Rodman,
+I perceived, was engaged with a salmon on the other bank. Presently I
+raise and hook another, but he directly shakes out the hook.
+
+I move slowly down the pool, casting on each side--which I find is hard
+work for the back and shoulders--when, just opposite the big rock where
+Kingfisher raised his second fish yesterday, I feel a pluck at my fly
+and see a boil in the water. The robber runs away twenty yards and
+leaps, then turns short round and comes at me, as if to run down the
+canoe and drown us all. I wind up my line as fast as possible, but,
+alas! it comes in, yard after yard, so easily that I perceive all
+connection between the fish and me is at an end.
+
+"He got slack line on you," said Peter.
+
+By this time it was seven o'clock, and I returned home to breakfast with
+what appetite I had, a sadder if not a wiser man. Rodman brought in a
+nine-pound fish, and Kingfisher had three--thirteen, ten and twenty-one
+pounds. The Colonel had made a successful _debut_ with a fifteen-pound
+fish.
+
+As we sat at breakfast Rodman asked, "How many salmon did you ever kill
+in a day, Kingfisher?"
+
+_Kingfisher._ "I once killed thirty-three in one day: that was in the
+Mingan, a North Shore river, where the fish are very numerous, but
+small--not over ten pounds on an average. I knew a man once to kill
+forty-two in a day there, but he had extra strong tackle, with double
+and treble gut, and being a big strong fellow he used to drag them out
+by main force."
+
+_The Colonel._ "If he had played his fish as you do here, there would
+not have been time in the longest day to kill forty-two. You average
+half an hour to a salmon, which would have taken twenty-one hours for
+his day's work."
+
+_Kingfisher._ "True enough, but those little fellows in the Mingan can
+be killed in ten or fifteen minutes."
+
+_Rodman._ "And what was the longest time you ever spent in killing a
+salmon?"
+
+_Kingfisher._ "Once fishing in the Moisie, where the fish are very
+large, I hooked a salmon at five in the morning and lost him at six in
+the evening: he was on for thirteen hours, but he sulked at the bottom
+most of the time, and I never saw him at all."
+
+_Scribe._ "Perhaps it was no fish at all."
+
+_Kingfisher._ "It might have been a seal, but Sir Edmund Head, who was
+with me, and I myself, thought it was a very large salmon and hooked
+foul, so that I could not drown him. I think from his play that it was a
+salmon: he ran many times round the pool, but swam deep, as heavy fish
+are apt to do. How do you like the cooking of this salmon?"
+
+_Scribe._ "I think it is perfect. The salmon have been growing better
+ever since we entered the Dominion, but we have reached perfection now.
+Is this the Tweedside method?"
+
+_Kingfisher._ "It is. Put your fish in boiling water, well salted, boil
+a minute to a pound, and when done serve it with some of the water it
+was boiled in for sauce. You can't improve a fresh-caught salmon with
+Worcestershire or Harvey."
+
+The day proving very hot, we stayed in camp till evening, when
+Kingfisher and the others went to the nearest pool for salmon, and I
+went trout-fishing to the little rapids and took a dozen of moderate
+size. Kingfisher brought in four fish--seven, ten, seventeen and
+eighteen pounds; Rodman got two--twelve and sixteen pounds; the Colonel
+failed to secure one which he had hooked.
+
+_July 6._ To-day Kingfisher and the Colonel take the Upper Indian-house
+Pool, and Rodman and I go to the Patapedia. We start at 4 A. M., so as
+to get the early fishing, always the best. It takes an hour to pole up
+the three miles, the current being very strong, and when we arrive the
+pool is yet white with the morning mist. It is a long smooth rapid, with
+a channel on one side running close to the high gravelly bank, evidently
+cut away by spring freshets. On the other side comes in a rushing brook
+or small river called the Patapedia. Rodman took the head of the pool,
+and I the middle ground. I fished down some fifty yards without moving
+anything, when, as I was bringing home my fly after a cast, it was taken
+by a good fish. Away he went with a wicked rush full forty yards, in
+spite of all I could do, then made a somersault, showing us his huge
+proportions. A second and a third time he leaped, and then darted away,
+I urging my men to follow with the canoe, which they did, but not
+quickly enough. This was a terribly strong fish: though I was giving him
+all the spring of the rod, I could not check him. When he stopped
+running he began to shake his head, or, as the English fishing-books
+say, "to jigger." In two minutes he jiggered out the hook and departed.
+
+I had changed rods and lines to-day, having borrowed one from Rodman--a
+Montreal rod, larger and stiffer than the other: although heavier, I
+could cast better with it than with the Irish rod. Unluckily, there were
+only about seventy yards of line on the reel, and the next fish I hooked
+proved to be the most furious of all, for he first ran out forty yards
+of line, and before I could get much of it wound up again, he made
+another and a longer run, taking out all my line to the end, where it
+was tied to the reel: of course he broke loose, taking away my fly and
+two feet of casting-line. By this time the sun was high in the heavens,
+and we returned to camp--Rodman with a salmon of seventeen pounds and a
+grilse of five pounds.
+
+A salmon has properly four stages of existence. The first is as a
+"parr," a small bright-looking fish, four or five inches long, with
+dark-colored bars across the sides and a row of red spots. It is always
+found in the fresh water, looks something like a trout, and will take a
+fly or bait eagerly. The second stage is when it puts on the silvery
+coat previous to going to sea for the first time: it is then called a
+"smolt," and is from six to eight inches long, still living in the river
+where it was hatched. In the third stage, after its return from the sea
+to its native river, it is called a "grilse," and weighs from three to
+six pounds. It can be distinguished from a salmon, even of the same
+size, by its forked tail (that of the salmon being square) and the
+slight adhesion of the scales. The grilse is wonderfully active and
+spirited, and will often give as much play as a salmon of three times
+his size. After the second visit of the fish to the sea he returns a
+salmon, mature, brilliant and vigorous, and increases in weight every
+time he revisits the ocean, where most of his food is found, consisting
+of small fish and crustacea.
+
+As we dropped down the stream toward the camp we saw a squirrel swimming
+across the river. Paddling toward him, Peter reached out his pole, and
+the squirrel took refuge upon it and was lifted on board--a pretty
+little creature, gray and red, about half the size of the common gray
+squirrel of the States. He ran about the canoe so fearlessly that I
+think he must have been unacquainted with mankind. He skipped over us as
+if we had been logs, with his bead-like eyes almost starting from his
+head with astonishment, and then mounting the prow of the canoe,
+
+    On the bows, with tail erected,
+    Sat the squirrel, Adjidaumo.
+
+Presently we paddled toward the shore, and he jumped off and disappeared
+in the bushes, with a fine story to tell to his friends of having been
+ferried across by strange and friendly monsters. Kingfisher got eleven
+salmon to-day, and the Colonel one.
+
+_July 7_ was Sunday, and the pools were rested, as well as ourselves,
+from the fatigues of the week. Kingfisher brought out his materials and
+tied a few flies, such as he thought would suit the river. This he does
+very neatly, and I think he belongs to the old school of anglers, who
+believe in a great variety of flies.
+
+It may not perhaps be generally known that there are two schools among
+fly-fishers. The "formalists" or entomologists hold that the natural
+flies actually on the water should be studied and imitated by the
+fly-maker, down to the most minute particulars. This is the old theory,
+and whole libraries have been written to prove and illustrate it, from
+the _Boke of St. Albans_, written by the Dame Juliana Berners in 1486,
+down to the present day. The number of insects which we are directed to
+imitate is legion, and the materials necessary for their manufacture are
+of immense variety and difficult to procure. These teachers are the
+conservatives, who adhere to old tradition. On the other side are the
+"colorists," who think color everything, and form nothing: they are but
+a section, though an increasing one, of the fly-fishing community. Their
+theory is, that all that a fish can distinguish through the watery
+medium is the size and color of the fly. These are the radicals, and
+they go so far as to discard the thousand different flies described in
+the books, and confine themselves to half a dozen typical varieties,
+both in salmon- and trout-fishing. Where learned doctors disagree, I,
+for one, do not venture to decide; but when I remember that on some days
+no fly in my book would tempt the trout, and that at other times they
+would rise at any or all flies, it seems to me that the principal
+question is, Are the trout feeding or not? If they are, they will take
+almost anything; if not, the most skillful hand may fail of tempting
+them to rise. As to salmon, I think no one will pretend that the
+salmon-flies commonly used are like anything in Nature, and it is
+difficult to understand what the keen-eyed salmon takes them for. Until,
+then, we can put ourselves in the place of the salmon and see with his
+eyes, we must continue to evolve our flies from our own consciousness.
+My small experience seems to show me that in a salmon-fly color is the
+main thing to be studied.
+
+But to return to Kingfisher, who has been all this time softening some
+silk-worm gut in his mouth, and now says in a thick voice, "Do you know,
+colonel, I lost my chance of a wife once in this way?"
+
+_Colonel._ "How was that? Did you steal some of the lady's feathers?"
+
+_Kingfisher._ "No, it was in this way: I was a lad of about seventeen,
+but I had a sweetheart. I was at college, and had but little time for
+fishing, of which I was as fond as I am now. One evening I was hastening
+toward the river with my rod, with my mouth full of flies and gut, which
+I was softening as I am now. Turning the corner of a narrow lane, I met
+my beloved and her mother, both of whom were precise persons who could
+not take a joke. Of course I had to stop and speak to them, but my mouth
+was full of hooks and gut, and the hooks stuck in my tongue, and I only
+mumbled. They looked astonished. Perhaps they thought I was drunk:
+anyway, the young lady asked what was the matter. 'My m--m--mouth is
+full of guts,' was all that I could say; and the girl would never speak
+to me afterward."
+
+_Rodman._ "That was lucky, for you got a wife better able to bear with
+your little foibles."
+
+_Kingfisher._ "I did, sir."
+
+_July 8._ Rodman and I were to take the Upper Indian-house Pool to-day,
+the others going to the Patapedia. Kingfisher and I exchanged Indians:
+he, having a man who was a better fisherman than either of mine, kindly
+lent him to me, that I might have a better chance of killing a salmon, I
+being the only one of the party who had not succeeded in doing so. I
+found in my book a casting-line of double gut: it was only two yards
+long, but I thought I had better trust to it than the single gut which
+the fish had been breaking for me the last two days. I also found in my
+book a few large showy salmon-flies tied on double gut: with these I
+started, determined to do or die. I was on the pool at 5 A. M., and had
+raised two salmon, and caught two large trout, which often took our
+flies when we were casting for bigger fish. At 6.30 I raised and hooked
+a big fish, which ran out twenty yards of line, and then stopped. I
+determined to try the waiting method this time, and not to lose my fish
+by too much haste; so I let him have his own way, only holding him with
+a tight hand. Joe, I soon saw, understood his part of the business: he
+kept the canoe close behind the fish, so that I should always have a
+reserve of line upon my reel. My salmon made two runs without showing
+himself: he pulled hard, and was evidently a strong fish. He now tried
+to work himself across the river into the heavy current. I resisted
+this, but to no purpose: I could not hold him, and I thought he was
+going down the little rapid, where I could not have followed, when he
+steered down through the still and deep water, and went to the bottom
+near the camp. There he stayed, sulking, for more than an hour, and I
+could not start him. The cook came down from his fire to see the
+conflict; Joe lighted his pipe and smoked it out; old Captain Merrill,
+who lived on the opposite bank, came out and hailed me, "Reckon you've
+got a big one this time, judge;" and still my line pointed to the bottom
+of the river, and my hands grew numb with holding the rod.
+
+    They have tied me to the stake: I cannot fly,
+    But, bear-like, I must fight the course.
+
+Suddenly, up from the depths came the salmon, and made off at full speed
+down the river, making his first leap as he went, which showed him to be
+a twenty-pounder at least. We followed with the canoe. On the west side
+of the island ran the main channel, wide and deep, gradually increasing
+in swiftness till it became a boiling torrent. Into this my fish
+plunged, in spite of all my resistance, and all we could do was to
+follow. But I soon lost track of him and control of him: sometimes he
+was ahead, and I could feel him; sometimes he was alongside, and the
+line was slack and dragging on the water, most dangerous of positions;
+sometimes the canoe went fastest, and the salmon was behind me. My men
+handled the canoe admirably, and brought me through safe, fish and all;
+for when we emerged into the still pool below, and I was able to reel
+up, I felt him still on the hook, but unsubdued, for he made another run
+of thirty yards, and leaped twice.
+
+"That's good," said Joe: "that will tire him."
+
+For the first two hours of the struggle the fish had been quiet, and so
+had saved his strength, but now he began to race up and down the pool,
+trying for slack line. But Joe followed him up sharply and kept him well
+in hand. Now the fish began to jigger, and shook his head so hard and so
+long that I thought something must give way--either my line or his
+spinal column. After about an hour of this kind of work I called to
+Rodman, who was fishing not far off, and asked him to come alongside and
+play my fish for a few minutes, so that I might rest my hands, which
+were cramped with holding the rod so long; which he did, and gave me
+fifteen minutes' rest, when I resumed the rod. The fish now seemed
+somewhat spent, for he came to the surface and flounced about, so that
+we could see his large proportions. Still, I could not get him
+alongside, and I told Joe to try to paddle up to him, but he immediately
+darted away from us and headed up stream, keeping a parallel course
+about fifty feet off, so that we could see him perfectly through the
+clear water. After many efforts, however, he grew more tame, and Louis
+paddled the canoe very carefully up to him, while Joe stood watching his
+chance with the gaff, which he put deep in the water. At last I got the
+fish over it, when with a sudden pull the gaff was driven into him just
+behind the dorsal fin; but he was so strong that I thought he would have
+taken the man out of the canoe. The water flew in showers, and the big
+salmon lay in the bottom of the boat!
+
+I could hardly believe my eyes. That tremendous creature caught with a
+line no thicker than a lady's hair-pin! I looked at my watch: it was
+eleven o'clock, just four hours and a half. "Well, I have done enough
+for to-day, Joe: let us go home to breakfast." Arrived at the camp, we
+weighed the salmon and measured him--twenty-four pounds, and forty
+inches long--a male fish, fresh run from the sea, the strongest and most
+active of his kind. It had been my luck to hook these big ones: I wished
+that my first encounters should be with fish of ten or twelve pounds.
+Rodman came in with two--fourteen and sixteen pounds.
+
+That evening I went again to the same pool, and soon hooked another good
+fish with the same fly; but though he was nearly as large as the first,
+weighing twenty-two pounds, I killed him in thirty minutes. He fought
+hard from the very first, running and vaulting by turns without any
+stop, so that he soon tired himself out. Rodman got another this
+evening, and Kingfisher brought seven from the Patapedia, and the
+Colonel one. Thirteen is our score to-day.
+
+_July 9._ Rodman and I went this morning to the Patapedia, but raised no
+salmon. Either some one had been netting the pool that night, or
+Kingfisher had killed all the fish yesterday. I got a grilse of four
+pounds, which made a smart fight for fifteen minutes, and Rodman hooked
+another, but lost him. That evening we went again to the pool, and I
+killed a small but very active salmon of nine pounds, which fought me
+nearly an hour: Rodman got a grilse of five pounds. Strange to say,
+neither Kingfisher nor the Colonel killed a fish to-day, so that I was
+for once "high line."
+
+Having killed four salmon, I concluded to retire. I found the work too
+hard, and determined to go to Dalhousie and try the sea-trout fishing in
+that vicinity. So, after an hour's fly-fishing at the mouth of the brook
+opposite our camp, in which I got a couple of dozen, hooking two at a
+cast twice, and twice three at a cast, I started at seven o'clock on the
+10th, and ran down with the current and paddles forty miles to Fraser's
+in seven hours--the same distance which it took us two days and a half
+to make going up stream.
+
+Of all modes of traveling, to float down a swift river in a bark canoe
+is the most agreeable; and when paddled by Indians the canoe is the
+perfection of a vessel for smooth-water navigation. Where there are
+three inches of water she can go--where there is none, a man can carry
+her round the portage on his back. Her buoyancy enables her to carry a
+heavy load, and, though frail, the elasticity of her material admits of
+many a blow and pinch which would seriously damage a heavier vessel. The
+rifle and axe of the backwoodsman, the canoe and the weapons of the
+Indian, are the result of long years of experiment, and perfectly meet
+their necessities.
+
+The rest of the party remained and fished five days more, making ten
+days in all, and the score was eighty-five salmon and five grilse, the
+united weight of which was fourteen hundred and twenty-three pounds. The
+salmon averaged sixteen and a half pounds each: the three largest
+weighed thirty, thirty, and thirty-three pounds. Nearly two-thirds of
+the whole were taken by Kingfisher, and our average for three rods was
+three fish per day each.
+
+It is asserted by Norris in the _American Angler's Book_ that the salmon
+of the American rivers are smaller than those of Europe, that in the
+Scottish rivers many are still taken of twenty and twenty-five pounds
+weight, and that on this side of the Atlantic it is as rare to take them
+with the rod over fifteen pounds. If this statement was correct when
+Norris wrote, ten years ago, then the Canadian rivers have improved
+under the system of protection, for, as above stated, our catch in the
+Restigouche averaged over sixteen pounds, and nearly one-third of our
+fish were of twenty pounds or over.
+
+Yarrel, in his work on British fishes, says that in 1835 he saw 10
+salmon in the London market weighing from 38 to 40 pounds each. Sir
+Humphry Davy is said to have killed a salmon in the Tweed that weighed
+42 pounds: this was about 1825. The largest salmon ever seen in London
+was sold there in 1821: it weighed 83 pounds. But with diminished
+numbers the size of the salmon in Scottish waters has also diminished.
+In the _Field_ newspaper for August and September, 1872, I find the
+following report of the fishing in some of those rivers: The
+Severn--average size of catch (considered very large) is 16 pounds; fish
+of 30, 40 and 50 pounds have been taken. The Tay--one rod, one day in
+August, 7 fish; average weight, 18 pounds. The Tweed--two rods, one
+day's fishing, 12 fish; average, 20 pounds. The Eaine--fish run from 12
+to 20 pounds.
+
+In Lloyd's book on the _Sports of Norway_ we find the following reports
+of the salmon-fishing in that country, where the fish are supposed to be
+very large: In the river Namsen, Sir Hyde Parker in 1836 killed in one
+day 10 salmon weighing from 30 to 60 pounds. This is considered the best
+of the Norwegian rivers, both for number and size of fish. The
+Alten--Mr. Brettle in 1838 killed in fifteen days 194 fish; average, 15
+pounds; largest fish, 40 pounds. Sir Charles Blois, the most successful
+angler, in the season of 1843 killed in the Alten 368 fish; average, 15
+pounds: largest fish, 50 pounds. The Steenkjaw--one rod killed in
+twenty days 80 salmon; average, 14 pounds. The Mandall--one rod killed
+35 fish in one day. The Nid--two rods killed in one day 19 fish; largest
+fish, 38 pounds.
+
+The following records are from Canadian rivers prior to 1871:
+Moisie--two rods in twenty-five days, 318 fish; average 15-1/7 pounds;
+three largest, 29, 29 and 32 pounds. Godbout--three rods in forty days,
+194 fish; average, 11-1/8 pounds; three largest, 18, 19 and 20 pounds.
+St. John--two rods in twenty-two days, 199 fish; average, 10 pounds.
+Nipisiquit--two rods, 76 fish; average, 9-1/2 pounds. Mingan--three rods
+in thirty-two days, 218 fish; average, 10-1/5 pounds. Restigouche,
+1872--three rods in ten days, 85 fish; average, 16-1/2 pounds; three
+largest, 30, 30 and 33 pounds.
+
+The greatest kill of salmon ever recorded was that of Allan Gilmour,
+Esq., of Ottawa, who killed in the Godbout in 1867, in one day, 46
+salmon, averaging 11-1/2 pounds, or one fish about every fifteen
+minutes.
+
+The largest salmon taken with the fly in an American river have been out
+of the Grand Cascapediac, on the north shore of the Bay of Chaleur. In
+1871, by the government report, there were 44 salmon killed with the
+fly--two of 40 pounds, one of 38, and four others of over 30 pounds;
+average weight, 23 pounds. In the same river in 1872, Mr. John Medden of
+Toronto, with three other rods, killed 2 fish of 45 pounds, 4 of between
+40 and 45, 5 of between 35 and 40 pounds, 7 of between 30 and 35 pounds,
+15 of between 25 and 30 pounds, 16 of between 20 and 25, besides smaller
+ones not enumerated.
+
+From these data it would seem that the average size of the Canadian
+salmon is as great as those of Norway, and very nearly equal to those of
+the Scottish rivers; while the number of fish taken in a day in the
+Canadian rivers, particularly in those on the north shore of the St.
+Lawrence, surpasses the best catch of either the Scottish or Norwegian
+rivers.
+
+S. C. CLARKE.
+
+
+
+
+A PRINCESS OF THULE.
+
+BY WILLIAM BLACK.
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+AT BARVAS BRIDGE.
+
+Very soon, indeed, Ingram began to see that his friend had spoken to him
+quite frankly, and that he was really bent on asking Sheila to become
+his wife. Ingram contemplated this prospect with some dismay, and with
+some vague consciousness that he was himself responsible for what he
+could not help regarding as a disaster. He had half expected that Frank
+Lavender would, in his ordinary fashion, fall in love with Sheila--for
+about a fortnight. He had joked him about it even before they came
+within sight of Sheila's home. He had listened with a grim humor to
+Lavender's outbursts of admiration, and only asked himself how many
+times he had heard the same phrases before. But now things were looking
+more serious, for the young man had thrown himself into the prosecution
+of his new project with all the generous poetic enthusiasm of a highly
+impulsive nature. Ingram saw that everything a young man could do to win
+the heart of a young girl Lavender would do; and Nature had dowered him
+richly with various means of fascination. Most dangerous of all of these
+was a gift of sincerity that deceived himself. He could assume an
+opinion or express an emotion at will, with such a genuine fervor that
+he himself forgot how recently he had acquired it, and was able to
+convince his companion for the moment that it was a revelation of his
+inmost soul. It was this charm of impetuous sincerity which had
+fascinated Ingram himself years before, and made him cultivate the
+acquaintance of a young man whom he at first regarded as a somewhat
+facile, talkative and histrionic person. Ingram perceived, for example,
+that young Lavender had so little regard for public affairs that he
+would have been quite content to see our Indian empire go for the sake
+of eliciting a sarcasm from Lord Westbury; but at the same time, if you
+had appealed to his nobler instincts, and placed before him the
+condition of a certain populace suffering from starvation, he would have
+done all in his power to aid them: he would have written letters to the
+newspapers, would have headed subscriptions, and would have ended by
+believing that he had been the constant friend of the people of India
+throughout his life, and was bound to stick to them to the end of it.
+
+As often as not he borrowed his fancies and opinions from Edward Ingram
+himself, who was amused and gratified at the same time to find his
+humdrum notions receive a dozen new lights and colors when transferred
+to the warmer atmosphere of his friend's imagination. Ingram would even
+consent to receive from his younger companion advice, impetuously urged
+and richly illustrated, which he had himself offered in simpler terms
+months before. At this very moment he could see that much of Lavender's
+romantic conceptions of Sheila's character was only an exaggeration of
+some passing hints he, Ingram, had dropped as the Clansman was steaming
+into Stornoway. But then they were ever so much more beautiful. Ingram
+held to his conviction that he himself was a distinctly commonplace
+person. He had grown reconciled to the ordinary grooves of life. But
+young Lavender was not commonplace: he fancied he could see in him an
+occasional flash of something that looked like genius; and many and many
+a time, in regarding the brilliant and facile powers, the generous
+impulses and the occasional ambitions of his companion, he wondered
+whether these would ever lead to anything in the way of production, or
+even of consolidation of character, or whether would merely remain the
+passing sensations of an indifferent idler. Sometimes, indeed, he
+devoutly wished that Lavender had been born a stonemason.
+
+But all these pleasant and graceful qualities, which had made the young
+man an agreeable companion, were a serious danger now; for was it not
+but too probable that Sheila, accustomed to the rude and homely ways of
+the islanders, would be attracted and pleased and fascinated by one who
+had about him so much of a soft and southern brightness with which she
+was wholly unfamiliar? This open-hearted frankness of his placed all his
+best qualities in the sunshine, as it were: she could not fail to see
+the singular modesty and courtesy of his bearing toward women, his
+gentle manners, his light-heartedness, his passionate admiration of the
+self-sacrifice of others, and his sympathy with their sufferings. Ingram
+would not have minded much if Lavender alone had been concerned in the
+dilemma now growing imminent: he would have left him to flounder out of
+it as he had got out of previous ones. But he had been surprised and
+pained, and even frightened, to detect in Sheila's manner some faint
+indications--so faint that he was doubtful what construction to put on
+them--of a special interest in the young stranger whom he had brought
+with him to Borva.
+
+What could he do in the matter, supposing his suspicions were correct?
+Caution Sheila?--it would be an insult. Warn Mackenzie?--the King of
+Borva would fly into a passion with everybody concerned, and bring
+endless humiliation on his daughter, who had probably never dreamed of
+regarding Lavender except as a chance acquaintance. Insist upon Lavender
+going south at once?--that would merely goad the young man into
+obstinacy. Ingram found himself in a grievous difficulty, afraid to say
+how much of it was of his own creation. He had no selfish sentiments of
+his own to consult: if it were to become evident that the happiness of
+Sheila and of his friend depended on their marrying each other, he was
+ready to forward such a project with all the influence at his command.
+But there were a hundred reasons why he should dread such a marriage. He
+had already mentioned several of them to Lavender in trying to dissuade
+the young man from his purpose. A few days had passed since then, and it
+was clear that Lavender had abandoned all notion of fulfilling those
+resolutions he had vaguely formed. But the more Ingram thought over the
+matter, and the further he recalled all the ancient proverbs and stories
+about the fate of intermeddlers, the more evident it became to him that
+he could take no immediate action in the affair. He would trust to the
+chapter of accidents to save Sheila from what he considered a disastrous
+fate. Perhaps Lavender would repent. Perhaps Mackenzie, continually on
+the watch for small secrets, would discover something, and bid his
+daughter stay in Borva while his guests proceeded on their tour through
+Lewis. In any case, it was not at all certain that Lavender would be
+successful in his suit. Was the heart of a proud-spirited, intelligent
+and busily-occupied girl to be won in a matter of three weeks or a
+month? Lavender would go south, and no more would be heard of it.
+
+This tour round the island of Lewis, however, was not likely to favor
+much any such easy escape from the difficulty. On a certain morning the
+larger of Mr. Mackenzie's boats carried the holiday party away from
+Borva; and even at this early stage, as they sat at the stern of the
+heavy craft, Lavender had arrogated to himself the exclusive right of
+waiting upon Sheila. He had constituted himself her companion in all
+their excursions about Borva which they had undertaken, and now, on this
+longer journey, they were to be once more thrown together. It did seem a
+little hard that Ingram should be relegated to Mackenzie and his
+theories of government; but did he not profess to prefer that? Like most
+men who have got beyond five-and-thirty, he was rather proud of
+considering himself an observer of life. He stood aside as a spectator,
+and let other people, engaged in all manner of eager pursuits, pass
+before him for review. Toward young folks, indeed, he assumed a
+good-naturedly paternal air, as if they were but as shy-faced children
+to be humored. Were not their love-affairs a pretty spectacle? As for
+himself, he was far beyond all that. The illusions of love-making, the
+devotion and ambition and dreams of courtship, were no longer possible
+to him, but did they not constitute on the whole a beautiful and
+charming study, that had about it at times some little touches of
+pathos? At odd moments, when he saw Sheila and Lavender walking together
+in the evening, he was himself half inclined to wish that something
+might come of the young man's determination. It would be so pleasant to
+play the part of a friendly counselor, to humor the follies of the young
+folks, to make jokes at their expense, and then, in the midst of their
+embarrassment and resentment, to go forward and pet them a little, and
+assure them of a real and earnest sympathy.
+
+"Your time is to come," Lavender said to him suddenly after he had been
+exhibiting some of his paternal forbearance and consideration: "you will
+get a dreadful twist some day, my boy. You have been doing nothing but
+dreaming about women, but some day or other you will wake up to find
+yourself captured and fascinated beyond anything you have ever seen in
+other people, and then you will discover what a desperately real thing
+it is."
+
+Ingram had a misty impression that he had heard something like this
+before. Had he not given Lavender some warning of the same kind? But he
+was so much accustomed to hear those vague repetitions of his own
+remarks, and was, on the whole, so well pleased to think that his
+commonplace notions should take root and flourish in this goodly soil,
+that he never thought of asking Lavender to quote his authority for
+those profound observations on men and things.
+
+"Now, Miss Mackenzie," said the young man as the big boat was drawing
+near to Callernish, "what is to be our first sketch in Lewis?"
+
+"The Callernish Stones, of course," said Mackenzie himself: "it iss
+more than one hass come to the Lewis to see the Callernish Stones."
+
+Lavender had promised to the King of Borva a series of water-color
+drawings of Lewis, and Sheila was to choose the subjects from day to
+day. Mackenzie was gratified by this proposal, and accepted it with much
+magnanimity; but Sheila knew that before the offer was made Lavender had
+come to her and asked her if she cared about sketches, and whether he
+might be allowed to take a few on this journey and present them to her.
+She was very grateful, but suggested that it might please her papa if
+they were given to him. Would she superintend them, then, and choose the
+topics for illustration? Yes, she would do that; and so the young man
+was furnished with a roving commission.
+
+He brought her a little sepia sketch of Borvabost, its huts, its bay,
+and its upturned boats on the beach. Sheila's expressions of praise, the
+admiration and pleasure that shone in her eyes, would have turned any
+young man's head. But her papa looked at the picture with a critical
+eye, and remarked, "Oh yes, it is ferry good, but it is not the color of
+Loch Roag at all. It is the color of a river when there is a flood of
+rain. I have neffer at all seen Loch Roag a brown color--neffer at all."
+
+It was clear, then, that the subsequent sketches could not be taken in
+sepia, and so Lavender proposed to make a series of pencil-drawings,
+which could be washed in with color afterward. There was one subject,
+indeed, which since his arrival in Lewis he had tried to fix on paper by
+every conceivable means in his power, and that was Sheila herself. He
+had spoiled innumerable sheets of paper in trying to get some likeness
+of her which would satisfy himself, but all his usual skill seemed
+somehow to have gone from him. He could not understand it. In ordinary
+circumstances he could have traced in a dozen lines a portrait that
+would at least have shown a superficial likeness: he could have
+multiplied portraits by the dozen of old Mackenzie or Ingram or Duncan,
+but here he seemed to fail utterly. He invited no criticism, certainly.
+These efforts were made in his own room, and he asked no one's opinion
+as to the likeness. He could, indeed, certify to himself that the
+drawing of the features was correct enough. There was the sweet and
+placid forehead with its low masses of dark hair; there the short upper
+lip, the finely-carved mouth, the beautifully-rounded chin and throat;
+and there the frank, clear, proud eyes, with their long lashes and
+highly-curved eyebrows. Sometimes, too, a touch of color added warmth
+to the complexion, put a glimmer of the blue sea beneath the long black
+eyelashes, and drew a thread of scarlet round the white neck. But was
+this Sheila? Could he take this sheet of paper to his friends in London
+and say, Here is the magical princess whom I hope to bring to you from
+the North, with all the glamour of the sea around her? He felt
+instinctively that there would be an awkward pause. The people would
+praise the handsome, frank, courageous head, and look upon the bit of
+red ribbon round the neck as an effective artistic touch. They would
+hand him back the paper with a compliment, and he would find himself in
+an agony of unrest because they had misunderstood the portrait, and seen
+nothing of the wonder that encompassed this Highland girl as if with a
+garment of mystery and dreams.
+
+So he tore up portrait after portrait--more than one of which would have
+startled Ingram by its truth--and then, to prove to himself that he was
+not growing mad, he resolved to try a portrait of some other person. He
+drew a head of old Mackenzie in chalk, and was amazed at the rapidity
+and facility with which he executed the task. Then there could be no
+doubt as to the success of the likeness nor as to the effect of the
+picture. The King of Borva, with his heavy eyebrows, his aquiline nose,
+his keen gray eyes and flowing beard, offered a fine subject; and there
+was something really royal and massive and noble in the head that
+Lavender, well satisfied with his work, took down stairs one evening.
+Sheila was alone in the drawing-room, turning over some music.
+
+"Miss Mackenzie," he said rather kindly, "would you look at this?"
+
+Sheila turned round, and the sudden light of pleasure that leapt to her
+face was all the praise and all the assurance he wanted. But he had more
+than that. The girl was grateful to him beyond all the words she could
+utter; and when he asked her if she would accept the picture, she
+thanked him by taking his hand for a moment, and then she left the room
+to call in Ingram and her father. All the evening there was a singular
+look of happiness on her face. When she met Lavender's eyes with hers
+there was a frank and friendly look of gratitude ready to reward him.
+When had he earned so much before by a simple sketch? Many and many a
+portrait, carefully executed and elaborately framed, had he presented to
+his lady friends in London, to receive from them a pretty note and a few
+words of thanks when next he called. Here with a rough chalk sketch he
+had awakened an amount of gratitude that almost surprised him in the
+most beautiful and tender soul in the world; and had not this princess
+among women taken his hand for a moment as a childlike way of expressing
+her thanks, while her eyes spoke more than her lips? And the more he
+looked at those eyes, the more he grew to despair of ever being able to
+put down the magic of them in lines and colors.
+
+At length Duncan got the boat into the small creek at Callernish, and
+the party got out on the shore. As they were going up the steep path
+leading to the plain above a young girl met them, who looked at them in
+rather a strange way. She had a fair, pretty, wondering face, with
+singularly high eyebrows and clear, light-blue eyes.
+
+"How are you, Eily?" said Mackenzie as he passed on with Ingram.
+
+But Sheila, on making the same inquiry, shook hands with the girl, who
+smiled in a confidential way, and, coming quite close, nodded and
+pointed down to the water's edge.
+
+"Have you seen them to-day, Eily?" said Sheila, still holding the girl
+by the hands, and looking at the fair, pretty, strange face.
+
+"It wass sa day before yesterday," she answered in a whisper, while a
+pleased smile appeared on her face, "and sey will be here sa night."
+
+"Good-bye, Eily: take care you don't stay out at night and catch cold,
+you know," said Sheila; and then, with another little nod and a smile,
+the young girl went down the path.
+
+"It is Eily-of-the-Ghosts, as they call her," said Sheila to Lavender as
+they went on: "the poor thing fancies she sees little people about the
+rocks, and watches for them. But she is very good and quiet, and she is
+not afraid of them, and she does no harm to any one. She does not belong
+to the Lewis--I think she is from Islay--but she sometimes comes to pay
+us a visit at Borva, and my papa is very kind to her."
+
+"Mr. Ingram does not appear to know her: I thought he was acquainted
+with every one in the island," said Lavender.
+
+"She was not here when he has been in the Lewis before," said Sheila;
+"but Eily does not like to speak to strangers, and I do not think you
+could get her to speak to you if you tried."
+
+Lavender had paid but little attention to the "false men" of Callernish
+when first he saw them, but now he approached the long lines of big
+stones up on this lonely plateau with a new interest; for Sheila had
+talked to him about them many a time in Borva, and had asked his opinion
+about their origin and their age. Was the central circle of stones an
+altar, with the other series marking the approaches to it? Or was it the
+grave of some great chieftain, with the remaining stones indicating the
+graves of his relations and friends? Or was it the commemoration of some
+battle in olden times, or the record of astronomical or geometrical
+discoveries, or a temple once devoted to serpent-worship, or what?
+Lavender, who knew absolutely nothing at all about the matter, was
+probably as well qualified as anybody else to answer these questions,
+but he forbore. The interest, however, that Sheila showed in such
+things he very rapidly acquired. When he came to see the rows of stones
+a second time he was much impressed by their position on this bit of
+hill overlooking the sea. He sat down on his camp-stool with the
+determination that, although he could not satisfy Sheila's wistful
+questions, he would present her with some little sketch of these
+monuments and their surroundings which might catch up something of the
+mysterious loneliness of the scene.
+
+He would not, of course, have the picture as it then presented itself.
+The sun was glowing on the grass around him, and lighting up the tall
+gray pillars of stone with a cheerful radiance. Over there the waters of
+Loch Roag were bright and blue, and beyond the lake the undulations of
+moorland were green and beautiful, and the mountains in the south grown
+pale as silver in the heat. Here was a pretty young lady, in a rough
+blue traveling-dress and a hat and feather, who was engaged in picking
+up wild-flowers from the warm heath. There was a gentleman from the
+office of the Board of Trade, who was sitting on the grass, nursing his
+knees and whistling. From time to time the chief figure in the
+foreground was an elderly gentleman, who evidently expected that he was
+going to be put into the picture, and who was occasionally dropping a
+cautious hint that he did not always wear this rough-and-ready sailor's
+costume. Mackenzie was also most anxious to point out to the artist the
+names of the hills and districts lying to the south of Loch Roag,
+apparently with the hope that the sketch would have a certain
+topographical interest for future visitors.
+
+No: Lavender was content at that moment to take down the outlines of the
+great stones and the configuration of lake and hill beyond, but by and
+by he would give another sort of atmosphere to this wild scene. He would
+have rain and darkness spread over the island, with the low hills in the
+south grown desolate and remote, and the waters of the sea covered with
+gloom. No human figure should be visible on this remote plain, where
+these strange memorials had stood for centuries, exposed to western
+gales and the stillness of the winter nights and the awful silence of
+the stars. Would not Sheila, at least, understand the bleakness and
+desolation of the picture? Of course her father would like to have
+everything blue and green. He seemed a little disappointed when it was
+clear that no distant glimpse of Borva could be introduced into the
+sketch. But Sheila's imagination would be captured by this sombre
+picture, and perhaps by and by in some other land, amid fairer scenes
+and in a more generous climate, she might be less inclined to hunger for
+the dark and melancholy North when she looked on this record of its
+gloom and its sadness.
+
+"Iss he going to put any people in the pictures?" said Mackenzie in a
+confidential whisper to Ingram.
+
+Ingram got up from the grass, and said with a yawn, "I don't know. If he
+does, it will be afterward. Suppose we go along to the wagonette and see
+if Duncan has brought everything up from the boat?"
+
+The old man seemed rather unwilling to be cut out of this particular
+sketch, but he went nevertheless; and Sheila, seeing the young man left
+alone, and thinking that not quite fair, went over to him and asked if
+she might be permitted to see as much as he had done.
+
+Lavender shut up the book.
+
+"No," he said with a laugh, "you shall see it to-night. I have
+sufficient memoranda to work something out of by and by. Shall we have
+another look at the circle up there?"
+
+He folded up and shouldered his camp-stool, and they walked up to the
+point at which the lines of the "mourners" converged. Perhaps he was
+moved by a great antiquarian curiosity: at all events, he showed a
+singular interest in the monuments, and talked to his companion about
+all the possible theories connected with such stones in a fashion that
+charmed her greatly. She was easily persuaded that the Callernish
+"Fir-Bhreige" were the most interesting relics in the world. He had seen
+Stonehenge, but Stonehenge was too scattered to be impressive. There
+was more mystery about the means by which the inhabitants of a small
+island could have hewn and carved and erected these blocks: there was,
+moreover, the mystery about the vanished population itself. Yes, he had
+been to Carnac also. He had driven down from Auray in a rumbling old
+trap, his coachman being unable to talk French. He had seen the
+half-cultivated plain on which there were rows and rows of small stones,
+scarcely to be distinguished from the stone walls of the adjoining
+farms. What was there impressive about such a sight when you went into a
+house and paid a franc to be shown the gold ornaments picked up about
+the place? Here, however, was a perfect series of those strange
+memorials, with the long lanes leading up to a circle, and the tallest
+of all the stones placed on the western side of the circle, perhaps as
+the headstone of the buried chief. Look at the position, too--the silent
+hill, the waters of the sea-loch around it, and beyond that the
+desolation of miles of untenanted moorland. Sheila looked pleased that
+her companion, after coming so far, should have found something worth
+looking at in the Lewis.
+
+"Does it not seem strange," he said suddenly, "to think of young folks
+of the present day picking up wild-flowers from among these old stones?"
+He was looking at a tiny bouquet which she had gathered.
+
+"Will you take them?" she said, quite simply and naturally offering him
+the flowers. "They may remind you some time of Callernish."
+
+He took the flowers, and regarded them for a moment in silence, and then
+he said gently, "I do not think I shall want these to remind me of
+Callernish. I shall never forget our being here."
+
+At this moment, perhaps fortunately, Duncan appeared, and came along
+toward the young people with a basket in his hand.
+
+"It wass Mr. Mackenzie will ask if ye will tek a glass o' whisky, sir,
+and a bit o' bread and cheese. And he wass sayin' there wass no hurry at
+all, and he will wait for you for two hours or half an hour whatever."
+
+"All right, Duncan: go back and tell him I have finished, and we shall
+be there directly. No, thank you, don't take out the whisky--unless,
+Miss Mackenzie," added the young man with a smile, "Duncan can persuade
+you."
+
+Duncan looked with amazement at the man who dared to joke about Miss
+Sheila taking whisky, and without waiting for any further commands
+indignantly shut the lid of the basket and walked off.
+
+"I wonder, Miss Mackenzie," said Lavender as they went along the path
+and down the hill--"I wonder what you would say if I happened to call
+you Sheila by mistake?"
+
+"I should be glad if you did that. Every one calls me Sheila," said the
+girl quietly enough.
+
+"You would not be vexed?" he said, regarding her with a little surprise.
+
+"No: why should I be vexed?" she answered; and she happened to look up,
+and he saw what a clear light of sincerity there was shining in her
+eyes.
+
+"May I then call you Sheila?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"But--but--" he said, with a timidity and embarrassment of which she
+showed no trace whatever--"but people might think it strange, you know;
+and yet I should greatly like to call you Sheila; only, not before other
+people perhaps."
+
+"But why not?" she said with her eyebrows just raised a little. "Why
+should you wish to call me Sheila at one time and not at the other? It
+is no difference whatever, and every one calls me Sheila."
+
+Lavender was a little disappointed. He had hoped, when she consented in
+so friendly a manner to his calling her by any name he chose, that he
+could have established this little arrangement, which would have had
+about it something of the nature of a personal confidence. Sheila would
+evidently have none of that. Was it that she was really so simple and
+frank in her ways that she did not understand why there should be such a
+difference, and what it might imply, or was she well aware of
+everything he had been wishing, and able to assume this air of
+simplicity and ignorance with a perfect grace? Ingram, he reflected,
+would have said at once that to suspect Sheila of such duplicity was to
+insult her; but then Ingram was perhaps himself a trifle too easily
+imposed on, and he had notions about women, despite all his
+philosophical reading and such like, that a little more mingling in
+society might have caused him to alter. Frank Lavender confessed to
+himself that Sheila was either a miracle of ingenuousness or a thorough
+mistress of the art of assuming it. On the one hand, he considered it
+almost impossible for a woman to be so disingenuous; on the other hand,
+how could this girl have taught herself, in the solitude of a savage
+island, a species of histrionicism which women in London circles strove
+for years to acquire, and rarely acquired in any perfection? At all
+events, he said to himself, while he reserved his opinion on this point,
+he was not going to call Sheila Sheila before folks who would know what
+that meant. Mr. Mackenzie was evidently a most irascible old gentleman.
+Goodness only knew what sort of law prevailed in these wild parts; and
+to be seized at midnight by a couple of brawny fishermen, to be carried
+down to a projecting ledge of rock--! Had not Ingram already hinted that
+Mackenzie would straightway throw into Loch Roag the man who should
+offer to carry away Sheila from him?
+
+But how could these doubts of Sheila's sincerity last? He sat opposite
+her in the wagonette, and the perfect truth of her face, of her frank
+eyes and of her ready smile met him at every moment, whether he talked
+to her or to Ingram, or listened to old Mackenzie, who turned from time
+to time from the driving of the horses to inform the stranger of what he
+saw around him. It was the most brilliant of mornings. The sun burned on
+the white road, on the green moorland, on the gray-lichened rocks with
+their crimson patches of heather. As they drove by the curious
+convolutions of this rugged coast, the sea that lay beyond these
+recurring bays and points was of a windy green, with here and there a
+streak of white, and the fresh breeze blowing across to them tempered
+the fierce heat of the sun. How cool, too, were those little fresh-water
+lakes they passed, the clear blue and white of them stirred into
+wavelets that moved the reeds and left air-bubbles about the
+half-submerged stones! Were not those wild-geese over there, flapping in
+the water with their huge wings and taking no notice of the passing
+strangers? Lavender had never seen this lonely coast in times of gloom,
+with those little lakes become sombre pools, and the outline of the
+rocks beyond lost in the driving mist of the sea and the rain. It was
+altogether a bright and beautiful world he had got into, and there was
+in it but one woman, beautiful beyond his dreams. To doubt her was to
+doubt all women. When he looked at her he forgot the caution and
+distrust and sardonic self-complacency his southern training had given
+him. He believed, and the world seemed to be filled with a new light.
+
+"That is Loch-na-Muirne," Mackenzie was saying, "and it iss the Loch of
+the Mill; and over there that is Loch-a-Bhaile, and that iss the Loch of
+the Town; but where iss the loch and the town now? It wass many hundreds
+of years before there will be numbers of people in this place; and you
+will come to Dun Charlobhaidh, which is a great castle, by and by. And
+what wass it will drive away the people, and leave the land to the moss,
+but that there wass no one to look after them? 'When the natives will
+leave Islay, farewell to the peace of Scotland.' That iss a good
+proverb. And if they have no one to mind them, they will go away
+altogether. And there is no people more obedient than the people of the
+Highlands--not anywhere; for you know that we say, 'Is it the truth, as
+if you were speaking before kings?' And now there is the castle, and
+there wass many people living here when they could build that."
+
+It was, in truth, one of those circular forts the date of which has
+given rise to endless conjecture and discussion. Perched up on a hill,
+it overlooked a number of deep and narrow valleys that ran landward,
+while the other side of the hill sloped down to the sea-shore. It was a
+striking object, this tumbling mass of dark stones standing high over
+the green hollows and over the light plain of the sea. Was there not
+here material for another sketch for Sheila? While Lavender had gone
+away over the heights and hollows to choose his point of view a rough
+and ready luncheon had been spread out in the wagonette, and when he
+returned, perspiring and considerably blown, he found old Mackenzie
+measuring out equal portions of peat-water and whisky, Duncan flicking
+the enormous "clegs" from off the horses' necks, Ingram trying to
+persuade Sheila to have some sherry out of a flask he carried, and
+everybody in very good spirits over such an exciting event as a roadside
+luncheon on a summer forenoon.
+
+The King of Borva had by this time become excellent friends with the
+young stranger who had ventured into his dominions. When the old
+gentleman had sufficiently impressed on everybody that he had observed
+all necessary precaution in studying the character and inquiring into
+the antecedents of Lavender, he could not help confessing to a sense of
+lightness and vivacity that the young man seemed to bring with him and
+shed around him. Nor was this matter of the sketches the only thing that
+had particularly recommended Lavender to the old man. Mackenzie had a
+most distinct dislike to Gaelic songs. He could not bear the monotonous
+melancholy of them. When Sheila, sitting by herself, would sing these
+strange old ballads of an evening, he would suddenly enter the room,
+probably find her eyes filled with tears, and then he would in his
+inmost heart devote the whole of Gaelic minstrelsy and all its authors
+to the infernal gods. Why should people be for ever saddening themselves
+with the stories of other folks' misfortunes? It was bad enough for
+those poor people, but they had borne their sorrows and died, and were
+at peace. Surely it was better that we should have songs about
+ourselves--drinking or fighting, if you like--to keep up the spirits, to
+lighten the serious cares of life, and drown for a while the
+responsibility of looking after a whole population of poor,
+half-ignorant, unphilosophical creatures.
+
+"Look, now," he would say, speaking of his own tongue, "look at this
+teffle of a language! It has no present tense to its verbs: the people
+they are always looking forward to a melancholy future or looking back
+to a melancholy past. In the name of Kott, hef we not got ourselves to
+live? This day we live in is better than any day that wass before or iss
+to come, bekass it is here and we are alive. And I will hef no more of
+these songs about crying, and crying, and crying!"
+
+Now Sheila and Lavender, in their mutual musical confidences, had at an
+early period discovered that each of them knew something of the older
+English duets, and forthwith they tried a few of them, to Mackenzie's
+extreme delight. Here, at last, was a sort of music he could
+understand--none of your moanings of widows and cries of luckless girls
+to the sea, but good common-sense songs, in which the lads kissed the
+lasses with a will, and had a good drink afterward, and a dance on the
+green on their homeward way. There was fun in those happy Mayfields, and
+good health and briskness in the ale-house choruses, and throughout them
+all a prevailing cheerfulness and contentment with the conditions of
+life certain to recommend itself to the contemplative mind. Mackenzie
+never tired of hearing those simple ditties. He grew confidential with
+the young man, and told him that those fine, common-sense songs recalled
+pleasant scenes to him. He himself knew something of English village
+life. When he had been up to see the Great Exhibition he had gone to
+visit a friend living in Brighton, and he had surveyed the country with
+an observant eye. He had remarked several village-greens, with the
+May-poles standing here and there in front of the cottages, emblazoned
+with beautiful banners. He had, it is true, fancied that the May-pole
+should be in the centre of the green; but the manner in which the waves
+of population swept here and there, swallowing up open spaces and so
+forth, would account to a philosophical person for the fact that the
+May-poles were now close to the village-shops.
+
+"Drink to me only with thine eyes," hummed the King of Borva to himself
+as he sent the two little horses along the coast-road on this warm
+summer day. He had heard the song for the first time on the previous
+evening. He had no voice to speak of; he had missed the air, and these
+were all the words he remembered; but it was a notable compliment all
+the same to the young man who had brought these pleasant tunes to the
+island. And so they drove on through the keen salt air, with the sea
+shining beside them and the sky shining over them; and in the afternoon
+they arrived at the small, remote and solitary inn of Barvas, placed
+near the confluence of several rivers that flow through Loch Barvas (or
+Barabhas) to the sea. Here they proposed to stop the night, so that
+Lavender, when his room had been assigned to him, begged to be left
+alone for an hour or two, that he might throw a little color into his
+sketch of Callernish. What was there to see at Barvas? Why, nothing but
+the channels of the brown streams, some pasture-land and a few huts,
+then the unfrequented lake, and beyond that some ridges of white sand
+standing over the shingly beach of the sea. He would join them at
+dinner. Mackenzie protested in a mild way: he really wanted to see how
+the island was to be illustrated by the stranger. There was a greater
+protest, mingled with compassion and regret, in Sheila's eyes; but the
+young man was firm. So they let him have his way, and gave him full
+possession of the common sitting-room, while they set off to visit the
+school and the Free-Church manse and what not in the neighborhood.
+
+Mackenzie had ordered dinner at eight, to show that he was familiar with
+the ways of civilized life; and when they returned at that hour
+Lavender had two sketches finished.
+
+"Yes, they are very good," said Ingram, who was seldom enthusiastic
+about his friend's work.
+
+But old Mackenzie was so vastly pleased with the picture, which
+represented his native place in the brightest of sunshine and colors,
+that he forgot to assume a critical air. He said nothing against the
+rainy and desolate version of the scene that had been given to Sheila:
+it was good enough to please the child. But here was something
+brilliant, effective, cheerful; and he alarmed Lavender not a little by
+proposing to get one of the natives to carry this treasure, then and
+there, back to Borvabost. Both sketches were ultimately returned to his
+book, and then Sheila helped him to remove his artistic apparatus from
+the table on which their plain and homely meal was to be placed. As she
+was about to follow her father and Ingram, who had left the room, she
+paused for a moment and said to Lavender, with a look of frank gratitude
+in her eyes, "It is very good of you to have pleased my papa so much. I
+know when he is pleased, though he does not speak of it; and it is not
+often he will be so much pleased."
+
+"And you, Sheila?" said the young man, unconscious of the familiarity he
+was using, and only remembering that she had scarcely thanked him for
+the other sketch.
+
+"Well, there is nothing that will please me so much as to see him
+pleased," she said with a smile.
+
+He was about to open the door for her, but he kept his hand on the
+handle, and said, earnestly enough, "But that is such a small matter--an
+hour's work. If you only knew how gladly I would live all my life here
+if only I could do you some greater service--"
+
+She looked a little surprised, and then for one brief second reflected.
+English was not wholly familiar to her: perhaps she had failed to catch
+what he really meant. But at all events she said gravely and simply,
+"You would soon tire of living here: it is not always a holiday." And
+then, without lifting her eyes to his face, she turned to the door, and
+he opened it for her and she was gone.
+
+It was about ten o'clock when they went outside for their evening
+stroll, and all the world had grown enchanted since they had seen it in
+the colors of the sunset. There was no night, but a strange clearness
+over the sky and the earth, and down in the south the moon was rising
+over the Barvas hills. In the dark green meadows the cattle were still
+grazing. Voices of children could be heard in the far distance, with the
+rumble of a cart coming through the silence, and the murmur of the
+streams flowing down to the loch. The loch itself lay like a line of
+dusky yellow in a darkened hollow near the sea, having caught on its
+surface the pale glow of the northern heavens, where the sun had gone
+down hours before. The air was warm and yet fresh with the odors of the
+Atlantic, and there was a scent of Dutch clover coming across from the
+sandy pastures nearer the coast. The huts of the small hamlet could but
+faintly be made out beyond the dark and low-lying pastures, but a long,
+pale line of blue smoke lay in the motionless air, and the voices of the
+children told of open doors. Night after night this same picture, with
+slight variations of position, had been placed before the stranger who
+had come to view these solitudes, and night after night it seemed to him
+to grow more beautiful. He could put down on paper the outlines of an
+every-day landscape, and give them a dash of brilliant color to look
+well on a wall; but how to carry away, except in the memory, any
+impression of the strange lambent darkness, the tender hues, the
+loneliness and the pathos of those northern twilights?
+
+They walked down by the side of one of the streams toward the sea. But
+Sheila was not his companion on this occasion. Her father had laid hold
+of him, and was expounding to him the rights of capitalists and various
+other matters. But by and by Lavender drew his companion on to talk of
+Sheila's mother; and here, at least, Mackenzie was neither tedious nor
+ridiculous nor unnecessarily garrulous. It was with a strange interest
+the young man heard the elderly man talk of his courtship, his marriage,
+the character of his wife, and her goodness and beauty. Was it not like
+looking at a former Sheila? and would not this Sheila now walking before
+him go through the same tender experiences, and be admired and loved and
+petted by everybody as this other girl had been, who brought with her
+the charm of winning ways and a gentle nature into these rude wilds? It
+was the first time he had heard Mackenzie speak of his wife, and it
+turned out to be the last; but from that moment the older man had
+something of dignity in the eyes of this younger man, who had merely
+judged of him by his little foibles and eccentricities, and would have
+been ready to dismiss him contemptuously as a buffoon. There was
+something, then, behind that powerful face, with its deep-cut lines, its
+heavy eyebrows and piercing and sometimes sad eyes, besides a mere
+liking for tricks of childish diplomacy. Lavender began to have some
+respect for Sheila's father, and made a resolution to guard against the
+impertinence of humoring him too ostentatiously.
+
+Was it not hard, though, that Ingram, who was so cold and
+unimpressionable, who smiled at the notion of marrying, and who was
+probably enjoying his pipe quite as much as Sheila's familiar talk,
+should have the girl all to himself on this witching night? They reached
+the shores of the Atlantic. There was not a breath of wind coming in
+from the sea, but the air seemed even sweeter and cooler as they sat
+down on the great bank of shingle. Here and there birds were calling,
+and Sheila could distinguish each one of them. As the moon rose a faint
+golden light began to tremble here and there on the waves, as if some
+subterranean caverns were lit up and sending to the surface faint and
+fitful rays of their splendor. Farther along the coast the tall banks of
+white sand grew white in the twilight, and the outlines of the dark
+pasture-land behind grew more distinct.
+
+But when they rose to go back to Barvas the moonlight had grown full and
+clear, and the long and narrow loch had a pathway of gold across,
+stretching from the reeds and sedges of the one side to the reeds and
+sedges of the other. And now Ingram had gone on to join Mackenzie, and
+Sheila walked behind with Lavender, and her face was pale and beautiful
+in the moonlight.
+
+"I shall be very sorry when I have to leave Lewis," he said as they
+walked along the path leading through the sand and the clover; and there
+could be no doubt that he felt the regret expressed in the words.
+
+"But it is no use to speak of leaving us yet," said Sheila cheerfully:
+"it is a long time before you will go away from the Lewis."
+
+"And I fancy I shall always think of the island just as it is now--with
+the moonlight over there, and a loch near, and you walking through the
+stillness. We have had so many evening walks like this."
+
+"You will make us very vain of our island," said the girl with a smile,
+"if you will speak like that always to us. Is there no moonlight in
+England? I have pictures of English scenery that will be far more
+beautiful than any we have here; and if there is the moon here, it will
+be there too. Think of the pictures of the river Thames that my papa
+showed you last night--"
+
+"Oh, but there is nothing like this in the South," said the young man
+impetuously. "I do not believe there is in the world anything so
+beautiful as this. Sheila, what would you say if I resolved to come and
+live here always?"
+
+"I should like that very much--more than you would like it, perhaps,"
+she said with a bright laugh.
+
+"That would please you better than for you to go always and live in
+England, would it not?"
+
+"But that is impossible," she said. "My papa would never think of living
+in England."
+
+For some time after he was silent. The two figures in front of them
+walked steadily on, an occasional roar of laughter from the deep chest
+of Mackenzie startling the night air, and telling of Ingram's being in a
+communicative mood. At last Lavender said, "It seems to me so great a
+pity that you should live in this remote place, and have so little
+amusement, and see so few people of tastes and education like your own.
+Your papa is so much occupied--he is so much older than you, too--that
+you must be left to yourself so much; whereas if you had a companion of
+your own age, who could have the right to talk frankly to you, and go
+about with you, and take care of you--"
+
+By this time they had reached the little wooden bridge crossing the
+stream, and Mackenzie and Ingram had got to the inn, where they stood in
+front of the door in the moonlight. Before ascending the steps of the
+bridge, Lavender, without pausing in his speech, took Sheila's hand and
+said suddenly, "Now don't let me alarm you, Sheila, but suppose at some
+distant day--as far away as you please--I came and asked you to let me
+be your companion then and always, wouldn't you try?"
+
+She looked up with a startled glance of fear in her eyes, and withdrew
+her hand from him.
+
+"No, don't be frightened," he said quite gently. "I don't ask you for
+any promise. Sheila, you must know I love you--you must have seen it.
+Will you not let me come to you at some future time--a long way
+off--that you may tell me then? Won't you try to do that?"
+
+There was more in the tone of his voice than in his words. The girl
+stood irresolute for a second or two, regarding him with a strange,
+wistful, earnest look; and then a great gentleness came into her eyes,
+and she put out her hand to him and said in a low voice, "Perhaps."
+
+But there was something so grave and simple about her manner at this
+moment that he dared not somehow receive it as a lover receives the
+first admission of love from the lips of a maiden. There had been
+something of a strange inquiry in her face as she regarded him for a
+second or two; and now that her eyes were bent on the ground it seemed
+to him that she was trying to realize the full effect of the concession
+she had made. He would not let her think. He took her hand and raised it
+respectfully to his lips, and then he led her forward to the bridge. Not
+a word was spoken between them while they crossed the shining space of
+moonlight to the shadow of the house; and as they went indoors he caught
+but one glimpse of her eyes, and they were friendly and kind toward him,
+but evidently troubled. He saw her no more that night.
+
+So he had asked Sheila to be his wife, and she had given him some timid
+encouragement as to the future. Many a time within these last few days
+had he sketched out an imaginative picture of the scene. He was familiar
+with the passionate rapture of lovers on the stage, in books and in
+pictures; and he had described himself (to himself) as intoxicated with
+joy, anxious to let the whole world know of his good fortune, and above
+all to confide the tidings of his happiness to his constant friend and
+companion. But now, as he sat in one corner of the room, he almost
+feared to be spoken to by the two men who sat at the table with steaming
+glasses before them. He dared not tell Ingram: he had no wish to tell
+him, even if he had got him alone. And as he sat there and recalled the
+incident that had just occurred by the side of the little bridge, he
+could not wholly understand its meaning. There had been none of the
+eagerness, the coyness, the tumult of joy he had expected: all he could
+remember clearly was the long look that the large, earnest, troubled
+eyes had fixed upon him, while the girl's face, grown pale in the
+moonlight, seemed somehow ghost-like and strange.
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+AN INTERMEDDLER.
+
+But in the morning all these idle fancies fled with the life and color
+and freshness of a new day. Loch Barvas was ruffled into a dark blue by
+the westerly wind, and doubtless the sea out there was rushing in,
+green and cold, to the shore. The sunlight was warm about the house. The
+trout were leaping in the shallow brown streams, and here and there a
+white butterfly fluttered across the damp meadows. Was not that Duncan
+down by the river, accompanied by Ingram? There was a glimmer of a rod
+in the sunshine: the two poachers were after trout for Sheila's
+breakfast.
+
+Lavender dressed, went outside and looked about for the nearest way down
+to the stream. He wished to have a chance of saying a word to his friend
+before Sheila or her father should appear. And at last he thought he
+could do no better than go across to the bridge, and so make his way
+down the banks of the river.
+
+What a fresh morning it was, with all sorts of sweet scents in the air!
+And here, sure enough, was a pretty picture in the early light--a young
+girl coming over the bridge carrying a load of green grass on her back.
+What would she say if he asked her to stop for a moment that he might
+sketch her pretty costume? Her head-dress was a scarlet handkerchief,
+tied behind: she wore a tight-fitting bodice of cream-white flannel and
+petticoats of gray flannel, while she had a waistbelt and pouch of
+brilliant blue. Did she know of these harmonies of color or of the
+picturesqueness of her appearance as she came across the bridge in the
+sunlight? As she drew near she stared at the stranger with the big, dumb
+eyes of a wild animal. There was no fear, only a sort of surprised
+observation in them. And as she passed she uttered, without a smile,
+some brief and laconic salutation in Gaelic, which of course the young
+man could not understand. He raised his cap, however, and said
+"Good-morning!" and went on, with a fixed resolve to learn all the
+Gaelic that Duncan could teach him.
+
+Surely the tall keeper was in excellent spirits this morning. Long
+before he drew near, Lavender could hear, in the stillness of the
+morning, that he was telling stories about John the Piper, and of his
+adventures in such distant parts as Portree and Oban, and even in
+Glasgow.
+
+"And it wass Allan M'Gillivray of Styornoway," Duncan was saying as he
+industriously whipped the shallow runs of the stream, "will go to
+Glasgow with John; and they went through ta Crinan Canal. Wass you
+through ta Crinan Canal, sir?"
+
+"Many a time."
+
+"Ay, jist that. And I hef been told it iss like a river with ta sides o'
+a house to it; and what would Allan care for a thing like that, when he
+hass been to America more than twice or four times? And it wass when he
+fell into the canal, he was ferry nearly trooned for all that; and when
+they pulled him to ta shore he wass a ferry angry man. And this iss what
+John says that Allan will say when he wass on the side of the canal:
+'Kott,' says he, 'if I wass trooned here, I would show my face in
+Styornoway no more!' But perhaps it iss not true, for he will tell many
+lies, does John the Piper, to hef a laugh at a man."
+
+"The Crinan Canal is not to be despised, Duncan," said Ingram, who was
+sitting on the red sand of the bank, "when you are in it."
+
+"And do you know what John says that Allan will say to him the first
+time they went ashore at Glasgow?"
+
+"I am sure I don't."
+
+"It wass many years ago, before that Allan will be going many times to
+America, and he will neffer hef seen such fine shops and ta big houses
+and hundreds and hundreds of people, every one with shoes on their feet.
+And he will say to John, 'John, ef I had known in time I should hef been
+born here.' But no one will believe it iss true, he is such a teffle of
+a liar, that John; and he will hef some stories about Mr. Mackenzie
+himself, as I hef been told, that he will tell when he goes to
+Styornoway. But John is a ferry cunning fellow, and will not tell any
+such stories in Borva."
+
+"I suppose if he did, Duncan, you would dip him in Loch Roag?"
+
+"Oh, there iss more than one," said Duncan with a grim twinkle in his
+eye--"there iss more than one that would hef a joke with him if he was
+to tell stories about Mr. Mackenzie."
+
+Lavender had been standing listening, unknown to both. He now went
+forward and bade them good-morning, and then, having had a look at the
+trout that Duncan had caught, pulled Ingram up from the bank, put his
+arm in his and walked away with him.
+
+"Ingram," he said suddenly, with a laugh and a shrug, "you know I always
+come to you when I'm in a fix."
+
+"I suppose you do," said the other, "and you are always welcome to
+whatever help I can give you. But sometimes it seems to me you rush into
+fixes, with the sort of notion that I am responsible for getting you
+out."
+
+"I can assure you nothing of the kind is the case. I could not be so
+ungrateful. However, in the mean time--that is--the fact is, I asked
+Sheila last night if she would marry me."
+
+"The devil you did!"
+
+Ingram dropped his companion's arm and stood looking at him.
+
+"Well, I knew you would be angry," said the younger man in a tone of
+apology. "And I know I have been too precipitate, but I thought of the
+short time we should be remaining here, and of the difficulty of getting
+an explanation made at another time; and it was really only to give her
+a hint as to my own feelings that I spoke. I could not bear to wait any
+longer."
+
+"Never mind about yourself," said Ingram somewhat curtly: "what did
+Sheila say?"
+
+"Well, nothing definite. What could you expect a girl to say after so
+short an acquaintance? But this I can tell you, that the proposal is not
+altogether distasteful to her, and that I have her permission to speak
+of it at some future time, when we have known each other longer."
+
+"You have?"
+
+"Yes."
+
+"You are quite sure?"
+
+"Certain."
+
+"There is no mistake about her silence, for example, that might have led
+you into misinterpreting her wishes altogether?"
+
+"Nothing of the kind is possible. Of course I could not ask the girl for
+any promise, or anything of that sort. All I asked was, whether she
+would allow me at some future time to ask her more definitely; and I am
+so well satisfied with the reply that I am convinced I shall marry her."
+
+"And is this the fix you wish me to help you out of?" said Ingram rather
+coldly.
+
+"Now, Ingram," said the younger man in penitential tones, "don't cut up
+rough about it. You know what I mean. Perhaps I have been hasty and
+inconsiderate about it; but of one thing you may be sure, that Sheila
+will never have to complain of me if she marries me. You say I don't
+know her yet, but there will be plenty of time before we are married. I
+don't propose to carry her off to-morrow morning. Now, Ingram, you know
+what I mean about helping me in the fix--helping me with her father, you
+know, and with herself, for the matter of that. You can do anything with
+her, she has such a belief in you. You should hear how she talks of
+you--you never heard anything like it."
+
+It was an innocent bit of flattery, and Ingram smiled good-naturedly at
+the boy's ingenuousness. After all, was he not more lovable and more
+sincere in this little bit of simple craft, used in the piteousness of
+his appeal, then when he was giving himself the airs of a
+man-about-town, and talking of women in a fashion which, to do him
+justice, expressed nothing of his real sentiments?
+
+Ingram walked on, and said in his slow and deliberate way, "You know I
+opposed this project of yours from the first. I don't think you have
+acted fairly by Sheila or her father, or myself who brought you here.
+But if Sheila has been drawn into it, why, then, the whole affair is
+altered, and we've got to make the best of a bad business."
+
+"I was sure you would say that," exclaimed the younger man with a
+brighter light appearing on his face. "You may call me all the hard
+names you like: I deserve them all, and more. But then, as you say,
+since Sheila is in it, you'll do your best, won't you?"
+
+Frank Lavender could not make out why the taciturn and sallow-faced man
+walking beside him seemed to be greatly amused by this speech, but he
+was in no humor to take offence. He knew that once Ingram had promised
+him his help he would not lack all the advocacy, the advice, and even
+the money--should that become necessary--that a warm-hearted and
+disinterested friend could offer. Many and many a time Ingram had helped
+him, and now he was to come to his assistance in the most serious crisis
+of his life. Ingram would remove Sheila's doubts. Ingram would persuade
+old Mackenzie that girls had to get married some time or other, and that
+Sheila ought to live in London. Ingram would be commissioned to break
+the news to Mrs. Lavender--But here, when the young man thought of the
+interview with his aunt which he would have to encounter, a cold shiver
+passed through his frame. He would not think of it. He would enjoy the
+present hour. Difficulties only grew the bigger the more they were
+looked at: when they were left to themselves they frequently
+disappeared. It was another proof of Ingram's kindliness that he had not
+even mentioned the old lady down in Kensington who was likely to have
+something to say about this marriage.
+
+"There are a great many difficulties in the way," said Ingram
+thoughtfully.
+
+"Yes," said Lavender with much eagerness, "but then, look! You may be
+sure that if we get over these, Sheila will know well who managed it,
+and she will not be ungrateful to you, I think. If we ever should be
+married, I am certain she will always look on you as her greatest
+friend."
+
+"It is a big bribe," said the elder man, perhaps a trifle sadly; and
+Lavender looked at him with some vague return of a suspicion that some
+time or other Ingram must himself have been in love with Sheila.
+
+They returned to the inn, where they found Mackenzie busy with a heap of
+letters and newspapers that had been sent across to him from Stornoway.
+The whole of the breakfast-table was littered with wrappers and big blue
+envelopes: where was Sheila, who usually waited on her father at such
+times to keep his affairs in order?
+
+Sheila was outside, and Lavender saw her through the open window. Was
+she not waiting for him, that she should pace up and down by herself,
+with her face turned away from the house? He immediately went out and
+went over to her, and she turned to him as he approached. He fancied she
+looked a trifle pale, and far less bright and joyous than the ordinary
+Sheila.
+
+"Mr. Lavender," she said, walking away from the house, "I wish very much
+to speak to you for a moment. Last night it was all a misfortune that I
+did not understand; and I wish you to forget that a word was ever spoken
+about that."
+
+Her head was bent down, and her speech was low and broken: what she
+failed to explain in words her manner explained for her. But her
+companion said to her, with alarm and surprise in his tone, "Why,
+Sheila! You cannot be so cruel! Surely you need not fear any
+embarrassment through so slight a promise. It pledges you to nothing--it
+leaves you quite free; and some day, if I come and ask you then a
+question I have not asked you yet, that will be time enough to give me
+an answer."
+
+"Oh no, no!" said the girl, obviously in great distress, "I cannot do
+that. It is unjust to you to let you think of it and hope about it. It
+was last night everything was strange to me--I did not understand
+then--but I have thought about it all the night through, and now I
+know."
+
+"Sheila!" called her father from the inside of the inn, and she turned
+to go.
+
+"But you do not ask that, do you?" he said. "You are only frightened a
+little bit just now, but that will go away. There is nothing to be
+frightened about. You have been thinking over it, and imagining
+impossible things: you have been thinking of leaving Borva altogether--"
+
+"Oh, that I can never do!" she said with a pathetic earnestness.
+
+"But why think of such a thing?" he said. "You need not look at all the
+possible troubles of life when you take such a simple step as this.
+Sheila, don't be hasty in any such resolve: you may be sure all the
+gloomy things you have been thinking of will disappear when we get close
+to them. And this is such a simple thing. I don't ask you to say you
+will be my wife--I have no right to ask you yet--but I have only asked
+permission of you to let me think of it; and even Mr. Ingram sees no
+great harm in that."
+
+"Does _he_ know?" she said with a start of surprise and fear.
+
+"Yes," said Lavender, wishing he had bitten his tongue in two before he
+had uttered the word. "You know we have no secrets from each other; and
+to whom could I go for advice but to your oldest friend?"
+
+"And what did he say?" she asked with a strange look in her eyes.
+
+"Well, he sees a great many difficulties, but he thinks they will easily
+be got over."
+
+"Then," she said, with her eyes again cast down and a certain sadness in
+her tone, "I must explain to him too, and tell him I had no
+understanding of what I said last night."
+
+"Sheila, you won't do that!" urged the young man. "It means nothing--it
+pledges you to nothing."
+
+"Sheila! Sheila!" cried her father cheerily from the window, "come in
+and let us hef our breakfast."
+
+"Yes, papa," said the girl, and she went into the house, followed by her
+companion.
+
+But how could she find an opportunity of making this explanation?
+Shortly after breakfast the wagonette was at the door of the little
+Barvas inn, and Sheila came out of the house and took her place in it
+with an unusual quietness of manner and hopelessness of look. Ingram,
+sitting opposite to her, and knowing nothing of what had taken place,
+fancied that this was but an expression of girlish timidity, and that it
+was his business to interest her and amuse her until she should forget
+the strangeness and newness of her position. Nay, as he had resolved to
+make the best of matters as they stood, and as he believed that Sheila
+had half confessed to a special liking for his friend from the South,
+what more fitting thing could he do than endeavor to place Lavender in
+the most favorable light in her eyes? He began to talk of all the
+brilliant and successful things the young man had done as fully as he
+could before himself. He contrived to introduce pretty anecdotes of
+Lavender's generosity; and there were plenty of these, for the young
+fellow had never a thought of consequences if he was touched by a tale
+of distress, and if he could help the sufferer either with his own or
+any one else's money. Ingram talked of all their excursions together, in
+Devonshire, in Brittany and elsewhere, to impress on Sheila how well he
+knew his friend and how long their intimacy had lasted. At first the
+girl was singularly reserved and silent, but somehow, as pleasant
+recollections were multiplied, and as Lavender seemed to have been
+always the associate and companion of this old friend of hers, some
+brighter expression came into her face and she grew more interested.
+Lavender, not knowing whether or not to take her decision of that
+morning as final, and not wholly perceiving the aim of this kindly chat
+on the part of his friend, began to see at least that Sheila was pleased
+to hear the two men help out each other's stories about their pedestrian
+excursions, and that she at last grew bold enough to look up and meet
+his eyes in a timid fashion when she asked him a question.
+
+So they drove along by the side of the sea, the level and well-made road
+leading them through miles and miles of rough moorland, with here and
+there a few huts or a sheepfold to break the monotony of the undulating
+sky-line. Here and there, too, there were great cuttings of the
+peat-moss, with a thin line of water in the foot of the deep black
+trenches. Sometimes, again, they would escape altogether from any traces
+of human habitation, and Duncan would grow excited in pointing out to
+Miss Sheila the young grouse that had run off the road into the heather,
+where they stood and eyed the passing carriage with anything but a
+frightened air. And while Mackenzie hummed something resembling, but
+very vaguely resembling, "Love in thine eyes sits beaming," and while
+Ingram, in his quiet, desultory, and often sardonic fashion, amused the
+young girl with stories of her lover's bravery and kindness and
+dare-devil escapades, the merry trot of the horses beat time to the
+bells on their necks, the fresh west wind blew a cloud of white dust
+away over the moorland behind them, there was a blue sky shining all
+around them, and the blue Atlantic basking in the light.
+
+They stopped for a few minutes at both the hamlets of Suainabost and
+Tabost to allow Sheila to pay a hurried visit to one or two of the huts,
+while Mackenzie, laying hold of some of the fishermen he knew, got them
+to show Lavender the curing-houses, in which the young gentleman
+professed himself profoundly interested. They also visited the
+school-house, and Lavender found himself beginning to look upon a
+two-storied building with windows as something imposing and a decided
+triumph of human skill and enterprise. But what was the school-house of
+Tabost to the grand building at the Butt? They had driven away from the
+high-road by a path leading through long and sweet-smelling pastures of
+Dutch clover; they had got up from these sandy swathes to a table-land
+of rock; and here and there they caught glimpses of fearful precipices
+leading sheer down to the boiling and dashing sea. The curious
+contortions of the rocks, the sharp needles of them springing in
+isolated pillars from out of the water, the roar of the eddying currents
+that swept through the chasms and dashed against the iron-bound shore,
+the wild sea-birds that flew about and screamed over the rushing waves
+and the surge, naturally enough drew the attention of the strangers
+altogether away from the land; and it was with a start of surprise they
+found themselves before an immense mass of yellow stone-work--walls,
+house and tower--that shone in the sunlight. And here were the
+light-house-keeper and his wife, delighted to see strange faces and most
+hospitably inclined; insomuch that Lavender, who cared little for
+luncheon at any time, was constrained to take as much bread and cheese
+and butter and whisky as would have made a ploughman's dinner. It was a
+strange sort of meal this, away out at the end of the world, as it were.
+The snug little room might have been in the Marylebone road: there were
+photographs about, a gay label on the whisky-bottle, and other signs of
+an advanced civilization; but outside nothing but the wild precipices of
+the coast, a surging sea that seemed almost to surround the place, the
+wild screaming of the sea-birds, and a single ship appearing like a mere
+speck on the northern horizon.
+
+They had not noticed the wind much as they drove along; but now, when
+they went out on to the high table-land of rock, it seemed to be blowing
+half a gale across the sea. The sunlight sparkled on the glass of the
+lighthouse, and the great yellow shaft of stone stretched away upward
+into a perfect blue. As clear a blue lay far beneath them when the sea
+came rushing in among the lofty crags and sharp pinnacles of rock,
+bursting into foam at their feet, and sending long jets of white spray
+up into the air. In front of the great wall of rock the sea-birds
+wheeled and screamed, and on the points of some of the islands stood
+several scarts, motionless figures of jet black on the soft brown and
+green of the rock. And what was this island they looked down upon from
+over one of the bays? Surely a mighty reproduction by Nature herself of
+the Sphynx of the Egyptian plains. Could anything have been more
+striking and unexpected and impressive than the sudden discovery of this
+great mass of rock resting in the wild sea, its hooded head turned away
+toward the north and hidden from the spectator on land, its gigantic
+bulk surrounded by a foam of breakers? Lavender, with his teeth set hard
+against the wind, must needs take down the outlines of this strange
+scene upon paper, while Sheila crouched at her father's side for
+shelter, and Ingram was chiefly engaged in holding on to his cap.
+
+"It blows here a bit," said Lavender amid the roar of the waves. "I
+suppose in the winter-time the sea will sometimes break across this
+place?"
+
+"Ay, and over the top of the lighthouse too," said Mackenzie with a
+laugh, as though he was rather proud of the way his native seas behaved.
+
+"Sheila," said Ingram, "I never saw _you_ take refuge from the wind
+before."
+
+"It is because we will be standing still," said the girl with a smile
+which was scarcely visible, because she had half hidden her face in her
+father's great gray beard. "But when Mr. Lavender is finished we will go
+down to the great hole in the rocks that you will have seen before, and
+perhaps he will make a picture of that too."
+
+"You don't mean to say you would go down there, Sheila?" said Ingram,
+"and in this wind?"
+
+"I have been down many times before."
+
+"Indeed, you will do nothing of the kind, Sheila," said her father: "you
+will go back to the lighthouse if you like--yes, you may do that--and I
+will go down the rocks with Mr. Lavender; but it iss not for a young
+lady to go about among the rocks, like a fisherman's lad that wants the
+birds' eggs, or such nonsense."
+
+It was quite evident that Mackenzie had very little fear of his daughter
+not being able to accomplish the descent of the rocks safely enough: it
+was a matter of dignity. And so Sheila was at length persuaded to go
+across the plain to a sheltered place, to wait there until the others
+should clamber down to the great and naturally-formed tunnel through the
+rocks that the artist was to sketch.
+
+Lavender was ill at ease. He followed his guide mechanically as they
+made their way, in zigzag fashion, down the precipitous slopes and over
+slippery plateaus; and when at last he came in sight of the mighty arch,
+the long cavern, and the glimmer of sea and shore that could be seen
+through it, he began to put down the outlines of the picture as rapidly
+as possible, but with little interest in the matter. Ingram was sitting
+on the bare rocks beside him, Mackenzie was some distance off: should he
+tell his friend of what Sheila had said in the morning? Strict honesty,
+perhaps, demanded as much, but the temptation to say nothing was great.
+For it was evident that Ingram was now well inclined to the project, and
+would do his best to help it on; whereas, if once he knew that Sheila
+had resolved against it, he too might take some sudden step--such as
+insisting on their immediate return to the mainland--which would settle
+the matter for ever. Sheila had said she would herself make the
+necessary explanation to Ingram, but she had not done so: perhaps she
+might lack the courage or an opportunity to do so, and in the mean time
+was not the interval altogether favorable to his chances? Doubtless she
+was a little frightened at first. She would soon get less timid, and
+would relent and revoke her decision of the morning. He would not, at
+present at any rate, say anything to Ingram.
+
+But when they had got up again to the summit of the rocks, an incident
+occurred that considerably startled him out of these vague and anxious
+speculations. He walked straight over to the sheltered spot in which
+Sheila was waiting. The rushing of the wind doubtless drowned the sound
+of his footsteps, so that he came on her unawares; and on seeing him she
+rose suddenly from the rock on which she had been sitting, with some
+effort to hide her face away from him. But he had caught a glimpse of
+something in her eyes that filled him with remorse.
+
+"Sheila," he said, going forward to her, "what is the matter? What are
+you unhappy about?"
+
+She could not answer; she held her face turned from him and cast down;
+and then, seeing her father and Ingram in the distance, she set out to
+follow them to the lighthouse, Lavender walking by her side, and
+wondering how he could deal with the distress that was only too clearly
+written on her face.
+
+"I know it is I who have grieved you," he said in a low voice, "and I
+am very sorry. But if you will tell me what I can do to remove this
+unhappiness, I will do it now. Shall I consider our talking together of
+last night as if it had not taken place at all?"
+
+"Yes," she said in as low a voice, but clear and sad and determined in
+its tone.
+
+"And I shall speak no more to you about this affair until I go away
+altogether?"
+
+And again she signified her assent, gravely and firmly.
+
+"And then," he said, "you will soon forget all about it; for of course I
+shall never come back to Lewis again."
+
+"Never?"
+
+The word had escaped her unwillingly, and it was accompanied by a quick
+upturning of the face and a frightened look in the beautiful eyes.
+
+"Do you wish me to come back?" he said.
+
+"I should not wish you to go away from the Lewis through any fault of
+mine, and say that we should never see you again," said the girl in
+measured tones, as if she were nerving herself to make the admission,
+and yet fearful of saying too much.
+
+By this time Mackenzie and Ingram had gone round the big wall of the
+lighthouse: there were no human beings on this lonely bit of heath but
+themselves. Lavender stopped her and took her hand, and said, "Don't you
+see, Sheila, how I must never come back to Lewis if all this is to be
+forgotten? And all I want you to say is, that I may come some day to see
+if you can make up your mind to be my wife. I don't ask that yet: it is
+out of the question, seeing how short a time you have known anything
+about me, and I cannot wish you to trust me as I can trust you. It is a
+very little thing I ask--only to give me a chance at some future time,
+and then, if you don't care for me sufficiently to marry me, or if
+anything stands in the way, all you need do is to send me a single word,
+and that will suffice. This is no terrible thing that I beg from you,
+Sheila. You needn't be afraid of it."
+
+But she was afraid: there was nothing but fear and doubt and grief in
+her eyes as she gazed into the unknown world laid open before her.
+
+"Can't you ask some one to tell you that it is nothing dreadful--Mr.
+Ingram, for example?"
+
+"I could not."
+
+"Your papa, then," he said, driven to this desperate resource by his
+anxiety to save her from pain.
+
+"Not yet--not just yet," she said almost wildly, "for how could I
+explain to him? He would ask me what my wishes were: what could I say? I
+do not know. I cannot tell myself; and--and--I have no mother to ask."
+And here all the strain of self-control gave way, and the girl burst
+into tears.
+
+"Sheila, dear Sheila," he said, "why won't you trust your own heart, and
+let that be your guide? Won't you say this one word _Yes_, and tell me
+that I am to come back to Lewis some day, and ask to see you, and get a
+message from one look of your eyes? Sheila, may not I come back?"
+
+If there was a reply it was so low that he scarcely heard it; but
+somehow--whether from the small hand that lay in his, or from the eyes
+that sent one brief message of trust and hope through their tears--his
+question was answered; and from that moment he felt no more misgivings,
+but let his love for Sheila spread out and blossom in whatever light of
+fancy and imagination he could bring to bear on it, careless of any
+future.
+
+How the young fellow laughed and joked as the party drove away again
+from the Butt, down the long coast-road to Barvas! He was tenderly
+respectful and a little moderate in tone when he addressed Sheila, but
+with the others he gave way to a wild exuberance of spirits that
+delighted Mackenzie beyond measure. He told stories of the odd old
+gentlemen of his club, of their opinions, their ways, their dress. He
+sang the song of the Arethusa, and the wilds of Lewis echoed with a
+chorus which was not just as harmonious as it might have been. He sang
+the "Jug of Punch," and Mackenzie said that was a teffle of a good
+song. He gave imitations of some of Ingram's companions at the Board of
+Trade, and showed Sheila what the inside of a government office was
+like. He paid Mackenzie the compliment of asking him for a drop of
+something out of his flask, and in return he insisted on the King
+smoking a cigar which, in point of age and sweetness and fragrance, was
+really the sort of cigar you would naturally give to the man whose only
+daughter you wanted to marry.
+
+Ingram understood all this, and, was pleased to see the happy look that
+Sheila wore. He talked to her with even a greater assumption than usual
+of fatherly fondness; and if she was a little shy, was it not because
+she was conscious of so great a secret? He was even unusually
+complaisant to Lavender, and lost no opportunity of paying him indirect
+compliments that Sheila could overhear.
+
+"You poor young things!" he seemed to be saying to himself, "you've got
+all your troubles before you; but in the mean time you may make
+yourselves as happy as you can."
+
+Was the weather at last about to break? As the afternoon wore on the
+heavens became overcast, for the wind had gone back from the course of
+the sun, and had brought up great masses of cloud from the rainy
+south-west.
+
+"Are we going to have a storm?" said Lavender, looking along the
+southern sky, where the Barvas hills were momentarily growing blacker
+under the gathering darkness overhead.
+
+"A storm?" said Mackenzie, whose notions on what constituted a storm
+were probably different from those of his guest. "No, there will be no
+storm. But it is no bad thing if we get back to Barvas very soon."
+
+Duncan sent the horses on, and Ingram looked out Sheila's waterproof and
+the rugs. The southern sky certainly looked ominous. There was a strange
+intensity of color in the dark landscape, from the deep purple of the
+Barvas hills, coming forward to the deep green of the pasture-land
+around them, and the rich reds and browns of the heath and the
+peat-cuttings. At one point of the clouded and hurrying sky, however,
+there was a soft and vaporous line of yellow in the gray; and under
+that, miles away in the west, a great dash of silver light struck upon
+the sea, and glowed there so that the eye could scarcely bear it. Was it
+the damp that brought the perfumes of the moorland so distinctly toward
+them--the bog-myrtle, the water-mint and wild thyme? There were no birds
+to be heard. The crimson masses of heather on the gray rocks seemed to
+have grown richer and deeper in color, and the Barvas hills had become
+large and weird in the gloom.
+
+"Are you afraid of thunder?" said Lavender to Sheila.
+
+"No," said the girl, looking frankly toward him with her glad eyes, as
+though he had pleased her by asking that not very striking question. And
+then she looked round at the sea and the sky in the south, and said
+quietly, "But there will be no thunder: it is too much wind."
+
+Ingram, with a smile which he could scarcely conceal, hereupon remarked,
+"You're sorry, Lavender, I know. Wouldn't you like to shelter somebody
+in danger or attempt a rescue, or do something heroic?"
+
+"And Mr. Lavender would do that if there was any need," said the girl
+bravely, "and then it would be nothing to laugh at."
+
+"Sheila, you bad girl! how dare you talk like that to me?" said Ingram;
+and he put his arm within hers and said he would tell her a story.
+
+But this race to escape the storm was needless, for they were just
+getting within sight of Barvas when a surprising change came over the
+dark and thunderous afternoon. The hurrying masses of cloud in the west
+parted for a little space, and there was a sudden and fitful glimmer of
+a stormy blue sky. Then a strange soft yellow and vaporous light shot
+across to the Barvas hills, and touched up palely the great slopes,
+rendering them distant, ethereal and cloud-like. Then a shaft or two of
+wild light flashed down upon the landscape beside them. The cattle shone
+red in the brilliant green pastures. The gray rocks glowed in their
+setting of moss. The stream going by Barvas Inn was a streak of gold in
+its sandy bed. And then the sky above them broke into great billows of
+cloud--tempestuous and rounded masses of golden vapor that burned with
+the wild glare of the sunset. The clear spaces in the sky widened, and
+from time to time the wind sent ragged bits of yellow cloud across the
+shining blue. All the world seemed to be on fire, and the very smoke of
+it, the majestic masses of vapor that rolled by overhead, burned with a
+bewildering glare. Then, as the wind still blew hard, and kept veering
+round again to the north-west, the fiercely-lit clouds were driven over
+one by one, leaving a pale and serene sky to look down on the sinking
+sun and the sea. The Atlantic caught the yellow glow on its tumbling
+waves, and a deeper color stole across the slopes and peaks of the
+Barvas hills. Whither had gone the storm? There were still some banks of
+clouds away up in the north-east, and in the clear green of the evening
+sky they had their distant grays and purples faintly tinged with rose.
+
+"And so you are anxious and frightened, and a little pleased?" said
+Ingram to Sheila that evening, after he had frankly told her what he
+knew, and invited her further confidence. "That is all I can gather from
+you, but it is enough. Now you can leave the rest to me."
+
+"To you?" said the girl with a blush of pleasure and surprise.
+
+"Yes. I like new experiences. I am going to become an intermeddler now.
+I am going to arrange this affair, and become the negotiator between all
+the parties; and then, when I have secured the happiness of the whole of
+you, you will all set upon me and beat me with sticks, and thrust me out
+of your houses."
+
+"I do not think," said Sheila, looking down, "that you have much fear of
+that, Mr. Ingram."
+
+"Is the world going to alter because of me?"
+
+"I would rather not have you try to do anything that is likely to get
+you into unhappiness," she said.
+
+"Oh, but that is absurd. You timid young folks can't act for yourselves.
+You want agents and instruments that have got hardened by use. Fancy the
+condition of our ancestors, you know, before they had the sense to
+invent steel claws to tear their food in pieces--what could they do with
+their fingers? I am going to be your knife and fork, Sheila, and you'll
+see what I shall carve out for you. All you've got to do is to keep your
+spirits up, and believe that nothing dreadful is going to take place
+merely because some day you will be asked to marry. You let things take
+their ordinary course. Keep your spirits up--don't neglect your music or
+your dinner or your poor people down in Borvabost--and you'll see it
+will all come right enough. In a year or two, or less than that, you
+will marry contentedly and happily, and your papa will drink a good
+glass of whisky at the wedding and make jokes about it, and everything
+will be as right as the mail. That's my advice: see you attend to it."
+
+"You are very kind to me," said the girl in a low voice.
+
+"But if you begin to cry, Sheila, then I throw up my duties. Do you
+hear? Now look: there goes Mr. Lavender down to the boat with a bundle
+of rugs, and I suppose you mean me to imperil my precious life by
+sailing about these rocky channels in the moonlight? Come along down to
+the shore; and mind you please your papa by singing 'Love in thine eyes'
+with Mr. Lavender. And if you would add to that 'The Minute Gun at Sea,'
+why, you know, I may as well have my little rewards for intermeddling
+now, as I shall have to suffer afterward."
+
+"Not through me," said Sheila in rather an uncertain voice; and then
+they went down to the Maighdean-mhara.
+
+[TO BE CONTINUED.]
+
+
+
+
+AT ODDS.
+
+
+    The snow had lain upon the ground
+      From gray November into March,
+    And lingering April hardly saw
+      The tardy tassels of the larch,
+    When sudden, like sweet eyes apart,
+      Looked down the soft skies of the spring,
+    And, guided by alluring signs,
+      Came late birds on impatient wing.
+
+    And when I found a shy white flower--
+      The first love of the amorous sun,
+    That from the cold clasp of the earth
+      The passion of his looks had won--
+    I said unto my brooding heart,
+      Which I had humored in its way,
+    "Give sorrow to the winds that blow:
+      Let's out and have a holiday!"
+
+    My heart made answer unto me:
+      "Where are the faint white chestnut-blooms?
+    Where are the thickets of wild rose--
+      Dim paths that lead to odorous glooms?"
+    "They are not yet. But listen, Heart!
+      I hear a red-breast robin call:
+    I see a golden glint of light
+      Where lately-loosened waters fall."
+
+    I waited long, but no reply
+      Came from my strangely silent heart:
+    I left the open, sunlit mead,
+      And walked a little way apart,
+    Where gloomy pines their shadows cast,
+      And brown pine-needles made below
+    A sober covering for the place,
+      Where scarce another thing could grow.
+
+    And then I said unto my heart,
+      "Now, we are in the dark, I pray
+    What is it I must do for thee
+      That thou mayst make a holiday?
+    Was ever fresher blue above?
+      Was ever blither calm around?
+    The purple promise of the spring
+      Is writ in violets on the ground.
+
+    "Comes, blown across my face, the breath
+      Of apple-blossoms far away:
+    Hast thou no memories, my heart,
+      As sweet and beautiful as they?"
+    And while I spoke I stood beside
+      A low mound fashioned like a grave,
+    And covered thick with last year's leaves,
+      Set in the forest's spacious nave.
+
+    And there I heard a little sound,
+      The flutter of a feeble wing,
+    And saw upon the grave-like mound
+      A bird that never more would sing.
+    I took it up, and first I laid
+      The quivering plumage to my cheek,
+    Then tenderly upon my breast,
+      And sorrowed, seeing it so weak.
+
+    Up spoke my sore reproachful heart:
+      "And now how happens it, I pray,
+    Thou dost not press the wounded bird
+      To sing and make a holiday?"
+    I made no answer then, but went
+      Into the dark wood's darkest deep,
+    And on my breast the bird lay dead,
+      And all around was still as sleep.
+
+    "There be that walk among the graves,"
+      At length, "repining heart," I said--
+    "Who carry slain loves in their breasts,
+      Yet smile like angels o'er their dead.
+    And thou! Why wilt thou shame me thus,
+      Saying, for ever, Nay and Nay?"
+    Then said my heart, "To conquer pain
+      Is not to make a holiday.
+
+    "And they who walk upon the heights,
+      Not hurtled by the passing storm,
+    Have carried long in lower lands
+      The grievous burdens that deform
+    The small of faith, the weak of heart,
+      The narrow-minded and untrue,
+    Who doubt if any heaven is left
+      When clouds are blown across its blue.
+
+    "And they are not of those who seek
+      To put unsolved things away,
+    Too early saying to their hearts,
+      'Come out, for it is holiday!'
+    And often 'tis the shallowest soul
+      That makes unseemly laughter ring,
+    That dares not bide amid its ghosts,
+      And, lest it weep, must try to sing.
+
+    "Wait till the tooth of pain is dulled;
+      Wait till the wound is overgrown:
+    Not in a day the moss hath made
+      So fair this once unsightly stone."
+    Then was I silent, but less wroth,
+      Content my heart should have its way.
+    Believing that in God's fit time
+      We yet should keep our holiday.
+
+HOWARD GLYNDON.
+
+
+
+
+PHILADELPHIA ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
+
+
+Zoological gardens for Philadelphia have been a dream for many years,
+and spasmodic efforts have been made from time to time to produce the
+reality, but as yet nothing tangible has resulted. The idea has been too
+inchoate to develop much enthusiasm, and year after year our citizens
+have returned from enjoying the delights of foreign gardens, and mildly
+wondered, in the true Philadelphia style, why we should not have them.
+Nor is this marvelous when we consider the present condition of the
+proposed Centennial Exhibition, which, it is mortifying to confess,
+languishes for want of proper support. It cannot be denied that in this
+undertaking an opportunity is presented that would be eagerly seized,
+with all its attendant labor and expense, by any one of the States, and
+that it was with great difficulty, and only because of the self-evident
+incongruity of holding it elsewhere, that we were permitted by the
+national authorities to celebrate the anniversary in Philadelphia. It is
+in connection with this, and as a part thereof, that the Zoological
+Gardens deserve immediate attention, as an additional, and next to the
+grand exhibition itself the principal, attraction to the hundreds of
+thousands who will visit the City of Brotherly Love on the Fourth of
+July, 1876. The plan on the next page shows the ground which has been
+granted by the Commissioners of the Fairmount Park to the Philadelphia
+Zoological Society. The gentlemen who have taken the matter in hand are
+well known for their energy and breadth of view, and if sustained in
+their endeavors will carry out the scheme in a manner worthy of this
+great and growing city.
+
+In undertaking this work the managers have the advantage of the
+experience and counsel of similar societies in the Old World, and
+particularly of the magnificent London Zoological Gardens, the officers
+of which are extremely interested in the success of the enterprise here,
+and are prepared to aid, by advice and contributions, the Philadelphia
+Garden. A description of the English society may be useful in forming an
+opinion of the feasibility and advantages of the proposed scheme. The
+London Zoological Society was organized in 1826, under the auspices of
+Sir Humphry Davy, Sir Stamford Raffles and other eminent men, for the
+advancement of zoology and animal physiology, and for the introduction
+and acclimatization of subjects of the animal kingdom. By the charter,
+granted March 27, 1829, Henry, marquis of Lansdowne, George, Lord
+Auckland, Charles Baring Wall, Joseph Sabine and Nicholas Aylward
+Vigors, Esqs., were created the first fellows. These gentlemen were
+empowered to admit such other persons to be fellows, honorary members,
+foreign members and corresponding members as they might think fit, and
+to appoint twenty-one of the fellows to be the council, which should
+manage the entire affairs of the society and elect members thereof until
+the 29th of May following; at which time and annually thereafter the
+society should hold a meeting, and by ballot remove five of this
+council, and elect five others in their place, being fellows of the
+society, who, with those remaining, should constitute the council for
+the ensuing year. It will thus be seen that every year five of the
+council are voted out, and five others elected in their stead, thus
+retaining a large proportion of managers acquainted with the workings of
+the organization.
+
+[Illustration: PLAN OF THE PROPOSED ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.]
+
+By the by-laws fellows are required to pay twenty-five dollars
+initiation fee and fifteen dollars per annum, or one hundred and fifty
+dollars at once in lieu of such dues. Annual subscribers pay the same
+amount yearly, but no initiation fee, and they are not permitted to vote
+at elections. Ladies are admitted as fellows upon the same terms and
+with the same privileges; with the addition, however, that they are
+allowed to vote by proxy.
+
+Fellows have personal admission to the Gardens, with two companions,
+daily, and receive orders, to be signed by them, admitting two persons
+on each Saturday and Sunday in the year. They are also entitled to
+twenty free tickets of admission. Sundays are set apart specially for
+fellows and their friends, the general public not being admitted.
+
+The society has business and scientific meetings--the latter
+monthly--and these are very largely attended and of the most interesting
+character. New and remarkable subjects of zoology are exhibited, papers
+and communications on animal physiology and zoology are read, and
+animated discussions carried on. An abstract of the proceedings is
+regularly forwarded to the scientific journals and newspapers. The
+society also publishes a large variety of zoological matter, which is
+furnished to fellows at one-fourth less than the price to strangers.
+Every addition to the collection of the society has its picture taken
+upon its entrance, and very handsome colored plates of those which are
+rare or curious are inserted in these publications. The sales from this
+source realized last year over thirty-seven hundred dollars.
+
+In 1871 the income of the society was $123,101, of which $69,000 were
+from admissions to the Gardens, $9507 from Garden sales and rent of
+refreshment-rooms, $3750 from the society's publications, and $39,415
+from dues of fellows and annual subscribers. The expenses for the same
+year were $106,840, the principal items being--salaries, wages and
+pensions, $21,790; cost and carriage of animals, $10,560; provisions,
+$20,430; menagerie expenses, $10,480; Garden expenses, $3465. The annual
+income has so much exceeded the expenses during the last ten years that
+the society has been able to devote over two hundred and thirty thousand
+dollars of such surplus to the permanent embellishment of its Gardens,
+and still retain some fifty thousand dollars as a reserve fund.
+
+In the collection of the society are 590 quadrupeds, 1227 birds and 255
+reptiles--altogether 2072. The quantity and various kinds of food--the
+knowledge of the tastes and necessities of the animals--the temperature,
+ventilation, habitations and so on of such a large assortment of
+different species--necessitate the employment of trained and skillful
+servants and scientific officers. It has been seen that the provisions
+and menagerie expenses alone exceed $30,000, and it must be remembered
+that the most difficult part, the brain-work, the knowledge--without
+which the whole would be a failure--is furnished the society by its
+council entirely free.
+
+The collection of living animals is the finest in existence, and is
+daily increasing. Scattered everywhere are its corresponding members,
+keeping it advised of every opportunity to augment its stores: its
+agents have penetrated and are still exploring the desert and the
+jungle, braving the heats of the equator, and the terrible winters of
+the ice-bound regions of the globe, to furnish every possible link in
+the grand procession of organized life.
+
+A large proportion of the most wonderful and valuable part of the
+collection has been presented by crowned heads and governors of
+different countries, British consuls, other zoological societies,
+British naval and military officers stationed in foreign ports and
+posts, Englishmen of wealth and travelers. The donations to the society
+for the year 1871 would alone be sufficient to establish a Garden at
+Fairmount Park which would be the finest in America. They amounted to
+over five hundred in number, and include almost every description of
+animal, from a tiger to a monkey, and from an imperial eagle to a
+humming-bird. With our present connection by rail and steamer with the
+East and West Indies, and other distant regions, let it only be
+generally known that such a Garden as is now proposed exists in
+Philadelphia, and it will receive contributions from all parts of the
+world. The Philadelphia society has already had numerous offers of
+animals, birds and reptiles, and the promise of any number for the mere
+cost of transportation. The officers of the Smithsonian Institution at
+Washington have expressed their willingness and desire to hand over to
+any proper association the many curious animals constantly offered it.
+The societies of Europe, many of whose managers have been in
+communication with the one started here, are extremely anxious that a
+collection of American animals, birds, reptiles and fishes shall be
+made. It will be wholly unique, and will attract zoologists from every
+part of the world, permitting them, for the first time, to study the
+habits of many new species. This continent has a wealth of subjects of
+the animal kingdom as yet almost unexplored. The birds are absolutely
+innumerable, and the immense rivers produce fishes of the most marvelous
+character and but little known. In the Berlin Garden, rapidly becoming a
+rival to the one in London, one of the greatest attractions, if not the
+chief, is the American beaver: an assemblage of a number of these on the
+banks of the Schuylkill, giving an opportunity of witnessing their
+astonishing sagacity, would of itself be an attractive exhibition.
+
+The Zoological Society of Philadelphia was incorporated by act of the
+Legislature of Pennsylvania, approved March 21, 1859. The site selected
+at that time, and approved by City Councils, was five acres of the
+extreme south-eastern corner of the then Park, consisting of Sedgeley
+and Lemon Hill, and containing about two hundred acres. A meeting of
+certain prominent and influential citizens interested in the subject was
+held, and the matter carefully discussed. At subsequent meetings a
+constitution and by-laws were adopted, officers elected and plans
+proposed for raising the necessary funds. The officers of the society at
+that time were as follows: President, Dr. William Camac;
+Vice-Presidents, William R. Lejee and James C. Hand; Recording
+Secretary, Fairman Rogers; Corresponding Secretary, Dr. John L. LeConte;
+Treasurer, P. Pemberton Morris; Managers, Frederick Graeff, Thomas
+Dunlap, Charles E. Smith, John Cassin, William S. Vaux, J. Dickinson
+Sergeant, Dr. Wilson C. Swann, W. Parke Foulke, Francis R. Cope and
+Samuel Powel; Trustees of the Permanent Fund, Evans Rogers, Charles
+Macalester and James Dundas.[A]
+
+Soon after this the rebellion broke out, and in the clash of arms, the
+terrible anxieties of the times, and the fevered pursuit of wealth that
+followed the inflation of the currency, the subject of zoological
+gardens entirely disappeared. Many of those whose names appear as
+officially connected with the association, and whose purses and
+influence would now be warmly exerted in its favor, have passed away, to
+the irreparable loss of the society. Those who remain have revived the
+project with sanguine hopes of its accomplishment. The increased wealth
+since the inception of the idea in 1859, the enlarged size of the Park,
+the growth of the city and the prospect of the Centennial, have widened
+the views of the society, and it is confidently anticipated that a
+Garden will be established, with a collection and all the necessary
+appurtenances, that will equal in a few years the superb one of London.
+The strangers that will flock here in 1876 will one and all visit the
+Zoological Gardens if in any sort of condition for display at that time.
+In 1851, the year of the great Exhibition of London, the number of
+visitors to the Zoological Gardens increased from 360,402 in the year
+before to 667,243; and in 1862, the time of the second and
+International Exhibition, it leaped from 381,337 in 1861 to 682,205. The
+number of visitors to the London Garden has been steadily on the
+increase since its foundation. In 1863 the largest number up to that
+time, except the Exhibition years, was 468,700, and by regular
+progression annually it reached in 1871 the large amount of 595,917
+persons.
+
+The situation of our proposed Gardens is most admirable in every way.
+Stretching along the west bank of the Schuylkill for nearly a third of a
+mile; opposite the principal entrance to the Park on one side, and the
+West Philadelphia approach by Thirty-fifth street on the other; directly
+on the route to the Centennial Exhibition; contiguous to the great
+railroad artery of the United States, the Pennsylvania Central, a
+sideling from which will enter the receiving-house of the society
+(marked D on the plan), and thus enable animals and curiosities from all
+parts of the United States to be carried without change of cars directly
+to the Gardens, or from the East Indies, China, Japan, South America and
+the Pacific islands with but one trans-shipment, while the canal
+alongside enables freights of all kinds and from any part of the world
+to be deposited at the very entrance-gates; the ground rolling and
+fertile, rising in the centre, and sufficiently elevated to be away from
+the floods of the river; larger by some acres than the Zoological Garden
+of London; interspersed with handsome trees, many of them of noble size,
+planted by John Penn, whose family mansion, "Solitude," still stands
+(35) within the proposed enclosure, and with slight alterations will
+make a handsome museum for the society; the old West Philadelphia
+Waterworks (20) only needing an engine to force the water into the lake,
+around which will be the abodes of the aquatic animals, and from whence
+the natural slope of the land will permit the irrigation of the whole
+tract; the great sewer for the use of the western portion of the city,
+now in process of construction, passing through the southern end of the
+Garden, and running along the bank of the river to empty below the dam;
+convenient to all parts of the city by means of the city railways and
+the Reading Railroad;--these and many other advantages, which an
+examination of the illustration of the grounds will naturally suggest,
+produce a combination unsurpassed and unsurpassable anywhere. Is it
+exaggeration to say that the Philadelphia Zoological Gardens, once
+properly established, would not only be regarded with pride and
+affection by the citizens, but very materially benefit the whole city?
+Imagine the grounds handsomely laid out in walks and drives, bordered
+with grass and flowers, terraced from the river; tables and chairs
+scattered about on the green sward under the trees; a band of music; the
+cool breezes from the Schuylkill; opposite, the beautiful Lemon Hill
+Park, with its broad drive alongside the bank: could anything be more
+attractive and wholesome to the hundreds of thousands who through the
+hot months of this uncommonly hot city are obliged to remain within its
+limits?
+
+Assuming, then, the advantages of a Zoological Garden in Philadelphia,
+what is necessary for success and what business inducements (to consider
+it in that light) can the society hold out to obtain sufficient money to
+procure its collection of living animals, and provide for their suitable
+accommodation and increase? The number of members is now two hundred,
+who pay five dollars initiation and the same amount annually, which
+gives them continual admission to the proposed Garden. Fifty dollars
+secures a life-membership free from any further subscription. The sum
+now in the treasury is two thousand dollars, and although at the last
+meeting twenty-one new names were proposed, and many more persons have
+announced their intention of joining, it is apparent that by this means
+the society will never accomplish its object. Begging subscriptions,
+without offering a pecuniary return therefor, is repugnant to the
+officers, and the following plan has been adopted for procuring the
+necessary funds. Certificates of stock are to be issued of not less than
+fifty dollars each. All receipts derived from the Gardens and
+collections of the society are to be applied annually--first, to the
+maintenance of the establishment; second, to the payment of six per
+cent. on the stock; and third, any balance remaining to go to the
+gradual extension of the collections of the society and the improvement
+of its grounds.
+
+It will be observed that stockholders can never receive a larger
+dividend than six per cent. per annum, and this only in case the
+receipts exceed the expenditures. There are therefore two points to be
+considered by those willing to invest--first, the character of the
+managers, and second, the prospect of the pecuniary success of the
+enterprise. The first is a matter of acquaintance and reputation: the
+second can be demonstrated in favor of the society, if honestly and
+efficiently managed, with almost mathematical accuracy.
+
+The main entrance to our Gardens will be directly opposite the Lansdowne
+drive, at the west end of Girard Avenue Bridge. The Park Commissioners'
+Report for 1872 gives the recorded number of pleasure carriages and
+sleighs entering the Park at this point and at the Green street gate,
+during the year, as 363,138, of equestrians 26,255, and of pedestrians
+385,832. These, in the words of the report (p. 60), "allowing three
+persons for each vehicle, will make a total of one million five hundred
+and one thousand four hundred and ten visitors passing these two
+entrances; and supposing the number of persons coming by the other ten
+entrances to be not more than those recorded at these two, we shall have
+three millions as the approximate number of visitors."
+
+It will hardly be asserted that there is any prospect of this number
+diminishing, nor will it be denied that it is most probable it will
+steadily increase, and during the year of the Centennial be more than
+quadrupled. It is reasonable to believe that few would resist the
+pleasure of driving, riding or walking through the Zoological Gardens,
+so invitingly at hand. Saturdays should be cheap days, say at half
+price, and the money that would be received at the admission-gates upon
+that one day alone would dissolve any fears of their six per cent, in
+the minds of stockholders.
+
+Relieved of the expense of securing the ground, a sum of three or four
+hundred thousand dollars would enable the society to secure a solid
+basis, and to open the Gardens upon a scale that would make them the
+great feature of Philadelphia. In a very few years it could buy up all
+its certificates of stock and own its collections free. The handsome
+surplus, before alluded to, accruing annually to the London society
+shows that this is not chimerical. The city railways are interested in
+this movement, and should subscribe liberally. It is proposed in the
+Legislature to charter a railroad running north and south in West
+Philadelphia, and if this be done it will render the Garden still more
+accessible.
+
+The Commissioners of the Park warmly advocate its establishment, and do
+not hesitate to say it will be a most magnificent addition and the most
+entertaining resort at Fairmount. City Councils have already endorsed
+it, and devoted space for its location. There remains nothing but the
+assistance of the moneyed and public-spirited men of Philadelphia to
+accomplish the undertaking. The stock books of the society are now open
+for subscriptions, and to prevent the loss of another year ground must
+be broken in the coming spring. It is most desirable that upon June 1st
+the society may be in a condition to throw open to the public the
+nucleus of a collection. Once actually begun, public interest will be
+aroused, and, the people convinced that there is a prospect of success,
+it will not be permitted to fail. Certain it is that too much time has
+already been wasted in such a needed improvement, and that the
+Zoological Gardens of Philadelphia will be permanently established now
+or never.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] Since this article was written the vacancies in the board of
+managers have been filled by the election of Messrs. George W. Childs,
+Anthony J. Drexel, Henry C. Gibson, J. Vaughan Merrick, Clarence H.
+Clark and Theodore L. Harrison.
+
+
+
+
+BERRYTOWN.
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+Mrs. Guinness up stairs in her closet gave thanks every day to Heaven
+for the blessed result: down stairs she nagged and scolded Kitty from
+morning until night. Peter supposed it was in order to maintain her
+authority, but it appeared there were other reasons.
+
+"The girl disappoints me, now that one looks at her as a woman," she
+said to her husband at breakfast one day, while Kitty sat opposite
+placidly eating a liberal supply of steak and cakes. She looked up
+inquiringly. "Yes," vehemently, "at your age I could not have eaten a
+meal a week after I was engaged. Whenever I heard your father's step I
+was in a tremor from head to toe. You receive Mr. Muller as though you
+had been married for years. Not a blush! As cool as any woman of the
+world!"
+
+"But I don't feel any tremor," helping her father to butter.
+
+"It's immodest!"
+
+Kitty blushed now, but whether from anger or shame no one could tell;
+for she remained silent. She laid down her knife and fork the next
+moment, however, and rose.
+
+"What I fear is this," said her mother, raising her voice--"Mr. Muller's
+disappointment. He looks for a womanly, loving wife--"
+
+"And I'm not one?" Poor Kitty stood in the doorway swinging her
+sun-bonnet. She was just then certainly not a morbid, despairing woman,
+who had made a terrible mistake: nothing but a scared child whom anybody
+would have hurried to comfort and humor. "I want to do what's right, I'm
+sure;" and her red under lip began to tremble and the water to gather in
+her eyes. She sat down to hear the rest of the lecture, but her mother
+stopped short. Presently, when the chickens came clucking, she went to
+mix their meal as usual, very pale and dolorous.
+
+In an hour she put her head in at the shop-window, her eyes sparkling:
+"There's two new chicks in the corn-bin nest, and they're full-blooded
+bantams, I'm sure, father."
+
+"She's not fit to be married!" cried Mrs. Guinness excitedly. "She is
+both silly and unfeeling. God only knows how I came to be the mother of
+such a child! The great work before her she cares nothing about; and as
+for Mr. Muller, she doesn't value him as much as a bantam hen. It's her
+narrow intellect. Her brain is small, as Bluhm said."
+
+It was his wife's conscience twitting her, Peter knew. "I would not be
+uneasy," he said with a cynical smile. "You can't bring love out of her
+by that sort of friction." But he was himself uneasy. If Catharine had
+been gloomy, or even thoughtful, at the prospect of her marriage, he
+would have cared less. But she came in that very day in glee at the
+sour, critical looks with which some envious young women of the church
+had followed her; and when her mother called her up stairs to look at a
+trunkful of embroidered under-clothing which she had kept for this
+crisis, he could hear Kitty's delighted chatter and giggle for an hour.
+Evidently her cup of pleasure was full for that day. Was his little girl
+vulgar, feeble in both heart and mind, as her mother said?
+
+Kitty was on trial that day. Miss Muller called and swept her off to the
+Water-cure in the afternoon. She meant to interest her in the
+Reformatory school for William's sake. She began by explaining the
+books, and the system of keeping them. "It is my brother's wish you
+should keep the accounts," she said.
+
+"Accounts! oh yes, of course."
+
+The tone was too emphatic. Miss Muller looked up from the long lines of
+figures and found Kitty holding her eyes open by force. Evidently she
+had just had a comfortable nap.
+
+Whereupon Maria began to patiently dilate on the individual cases of
+the boys to be reformed; and terrible instances they were of guilt and
+misery.
+
+"She whimpered a little," she said afterward to her brother. "I'll do
+her justice: she did, a little. But they ought to have brought tears
+from a log; and the next minute, seeing those wonderful eyes of hers
+fixed on me with a peculiar thoughtfulness, I asked her what was she
+thinking of, and found she was studying 'how I did that lovely French
+twist in my back hair.' No. There's nothing in her--nothing. Not an
+idea; but that I did not expect. But not even a feeling or principle to
+take hold of. Take my word, William. You are going to marry fine eyes
+and pink cheeks. Nothing more."
+
+Mr. Muller cared for nothing more. If there had been an answering hint
+of fire in eyes or cheeks to the rush of emotion he felt at the sight of
+them, he would have been content. But Catharine's face was very like a
+doll's just now--the eyes as bright and unmeaning, the pink as
+unchanging. In vain he brought her flowers; in vain, grown wiser by
+love, led her out in the moonlight to walk, or, flushed and quaking
+himself, read in a shrill, uncertain voice absurd fond little sonnets he
+had composed to her. Kitty was always attentive, polite and indifferent.
+She never went to her old seat during the whole summer, never opened one
+of the old books over which she and Peter used to pore. He showed her a
+new edition of the _Pilgrim's Progress_ one day, with illustrations:
+"See what Bell and Daldy have done for our old friend, Catharine."
+
+"This allegory all seems much ado about nothing," she said presently,
+filliping over the leaves. "Really, I can't see that there is any
+wilderness in the world, or devils to fight in or out of pits. At least
+for me."
+
+Speculations on life from Kitty! A month ago she would have gone no
+farther than the pictures. "There's nothing worse for me than nice
+dresses and a wedding, and three hundred children to bring up for the
+Lord, with a smell of beef-and-cabbage over it all. Good gracious!
+Don't you know I'm joking, father?" seeing his face. She laughed and
+hugged him, and hugged him again. "As for the children, I love them of
+course, poor little wretches!"
+
+Peter scowled over her back as she hung on him. Was it sheer silliness?
+Or had certain doors in her nature never been opened, even enough for
+her to know all that lay behind them? He pushed her off, holding her by
+both wrists: "Are you quite willing to marry Mr. Muller? Do you love
+him? Think what it is to marry without love. For God's sake tell me,
+Catharine!"
+
+"Yes, I love him. Certainly. Why," kindling into animation, "I've worn
+his ring for a month. Haven't you seen it?" turning her hand about and
+looking at the blue turquoise against the white dimples with a delighted
+chuckle.
+
+There was a storm that evening: the thunder was deafening; the rain
+dashed heavily against the little square windows of the Book-house.
+Catharine was alone. As soon as she made sure of that, Peter having gone
+to the city and her mother to a meeting, she put on her waterproof cloak
+and overshoes, and sallied out. Not by any means as heroines do who rush
+out into the tempest to assuage fiercer storms of rage or despair
+within. But there was something at this time in Kitty's blood which,
+though it would not warm her cheeks at Mr. Muller's approach, was on
+fire for adventure. To go out alone in the rain was to the
+chicken-hearted little simpleton what a whaling-voyage would be to a
+runaway boy. She came in after an hour drenched to the skin, went up
+stairs to change her clothes, and ran down presently to cuddle before
+the fire. Now was the time to think rationally, she thought, her elbow
+on a chair, her chin pillowed in her soft palm. Here was her marriage
+just at hand. She had looked forward to marriage all her life. Five
+minutes she gave to the long-vexed question of whether her wedding-veil
+should cover her face or not, "It would shade my nose, and in frosty
+weather my nose always will be red." What queer little hooked noses the
+Mullers all had! and that reflection swung her mind round to her lover
+and his love-making, where it rested, until suddenly the fire grew a
+hazy red blotch and her head began to bob.
+
+"I did not use to be so thick-headed," rousing herself, and staring
+sleepily at the rain-washed window and the crackling fire. She sang a
+little hymn to herself, that simplest of all old ditties:
+
+     I think, when I hear that sweet story of old.
+
+It made her tender and tearful, and brought her feet close to her
+Saviour, as those other children upon whose head He laid his hands. "I
+ought to be thankful that I have work for Him," she thought. "How I
+envied Mary McKean when she sailed to India as a missionary! And here
+are the heathen ready-made for me," proceeding very earnestly to think
+over the state of the wretched three hundred. But her head began to nod
+again, and the fire was suddenly dashed out in blackness. She started up
+yawning. It was all so dreary! Life--Then and there our wholesome Kitty
+would have made her first step toward becoming the yearning, misplaced
+Woman of the Time, but for a knock which came at the door.
+
+There had been an occasional roll of thunder, and the rain beat steadily
+upon the roof. The first knock failed to rouse her. At the second a man
+burst in, and stopped as suddenly in the dark end of the shop, shading
+his eyes from the glare: then he came tiptoeing forward. Even in this
+abrupt breaking in out of the storm there was something apologetic and
+deprecating about the man. As he came up, still sheltering his eyes, as
+though from the surprise of Kitty's loveliness, and not the fire, he had
+the bearing of a modest actor called before the curtain for bouquets.
+
+"I had not expected--_this_" with a stage wave of the hand toward
+Catharine.
+
+Now Kitty's pink ears, as we know, were always pricked for a compliment,
+and her politeness was apt to carry her over the verge of lying; but she
+was hardly civil now: she drew coldly back, wishing with all her heart
+that her lover, fat, simple, pure-minded little Muller, were here to
+protect her. Yet Mrs. Guinness, no doubt, would have said this man was
+made of finer clay than the clergyman. Both figure and face were small
+and delicate: his dress was finical and dainty, from the fur-topped
+overshoes to the antique seal and the trimming of his gray moustache. He
+drew off his gloves, holding a white, wrinkled hand to the fire, but
+Catharine felt the colorless eyes passing over her again and again.
+
+"Your business," she said, "is probably with my father?"
+
+"Your father is Peter Guinness? No. My business hardly deserves the
+name, in fact," leisurely stopping to smooth and fold the yellow gloves
+between his palms, in order to prolong his sentences. "It was merely to
+leave a message for his son, for Hugh Guinness."
+
+"Hugh Guinness is dead."
+
+"Dead!" For an instant the patting of the gloves ceased, and he looked
+at her steadily; then, with a nod of comprehension, he went on: "Oh, it
+is not convenient for Hugh to be alive just now? We are old comrades,
+you see: I know his ways. I know he was in Delaware a year ago. But I
+have no time now to go to Delaware. The message will no doubt reach him
+if left with you." He had made the gloves into a square package by this
+time, and, flattening it with a neat pat or two, put it in his pocket,
+turning to her with a significant smile.
+
+"Hugh Guinness is dead," said Catharine. "He died in Nicaragua five
+years ago. Your business with him ended then."
+
+"And yet--" coming a step nearer, "yet if Guinness were in his grave
+now, I fancy he would think my business of more importance to him than
+life itself would be." He was talking against time, she saw--talking
+while he inspected her to see whether she were willfully lying or
+believed what she said. He was a man who by rule believed the worst: the
+disagreeable, incredulous smile came back. "These are the days when
+ghosts walk, as you know." After a moment's pause: "And Hugh may come
+to rap and write with the rest. So, even admitting that he is dead, it
+would be safer for you to receive the message. It matters much to him."
+
+"What is it?" she said curiously. "There is no use in wasting so many
+words about the matter."
+
+"Tell him--" lowering his voice. "No," with a sudden suspicious glance
+at her. "No need of wasting words, true enough. Give him this. There's
+an address inside. Tell him the person who sent it waits for him there."
+He took out of his pocket a small morocco case, apparently containing a
+photograph, and laid it down on the table.
+
+"Take it back. Hugh Guinness has been dead for years. I will not take
+charge of it."
+
+"No, he's not dead," coolly buttoning his coat again. "I suppose you
+believe what you say. But he was in Delaware, I tell you, last October.
+If he asks about me, tell him I only acted as a messenger in the matter.
+I've no objection to doing him that good turn."
+
+He nodded familiarly, put on his hat, and went out as suddenly as he had
+come. When he was gone she heard the rain drenching the walnuts outside,
+dripping, dripping; the thunder rolled down the valley; the fire
+crackled and flashed. There, on the table, in the dirty morocco case,
+lay a Mystery, a tremendous Life-secret, no doubt, of which she, Kitty,
+held the clue. It was like Pepita when she found the little gold key
+that unlocked the enchanted rooms. Hugh Guinness living? To be restored
+to his father? She was in a fever of delight and excitement. When she
+opened the case she found a beautiful woman's face--a blonde who seemed
+sixteen to Kitty, but who might be sixty. The Mystery enlarged: it quite
+filled Kitty's horizon. When she put the case in her pocket, and sat
+down, with red cheeks and bright eyes, on the rug again, I am sure she
+did not remember there was a Reform school or a Muller in the world.
+
+At last Peter was heard in the porch, stamping and shaking: "Oh, I'm
+dry as a toast, Jane, what with the oil-skin and leggings. Yes, take
+them. Miss Vogdes wants tea in the shop, eh? All right! Why child,"
+turning up her face, "your cheeks burn like a coal. Mr. Muller been
+here?"
+
+"Oh dear, no!" pushing him into a chair. "Is there nothing to think of
+but Mullers and marrying?"
+
+She poured out the tea, made room for the plates of cold chicken and
+toast among the books, and turned the supper into a picnic, as she had
+done hundreds of times, gossiping steadily all the while. But Mr.
+Guinness saw that there was something coming.
+
+When the tea was gone she sat down on the wooden bench beside him,
+leaning forward on his knee: "Father, you promised once to show me
+before I went away all that you had belonging to--your other child."
+
+Guinness did not speak at once, but sat smoking his cigar. It went out
+in his mouth. He made a motion to rise once or twice, and sat down
+again. "To-night, Kitty?"
+
+"Yes, to-night. We are alone."
+
+He got up at last slowly, going to a drawer in the oak cases which she
+had never seen opened. Unlocking it, he took out one or two Latin
+school-books, a broken fishing-rod, a gun and an old cap, and placed
+them before her. It was a hard task she had set him, she saw. He lifted
+the cap and pointed to a long red hair which had caught in the button,
+but did not touch it: "Do you see that? That is Hugh's. I found it there
+long after he was gone. It had caught there some day when the boy jerked
+the cap off. He was a careless dog! Always jerking and tearing!"
+
+Catharine was silent until he began putting the things back in the
+drawer: "Father, there's no chance, is there? You could not be mistaken
+in that report from Nicaragua? You never thought it possible that your
+son might yet be alive?"
+
+"Hugh's dead--dead," quietly. But his fingers lingered over the book and
+gun, as though he had been smoothing the grave-clothes about his boy.
+
+"The proof was complete, then?" ventured Kitty.
+
+He turned on her: "Why do you talk to me of Hugh, Catharine? I can tell
+you nothing of him. He's dead: isn't that enough? Christian folks would
+say he was a man for whom his friends ought to think death a safe
+ending. They have told me so more than once. But he was not altogether
+bad, to my mind." He bent over the drawer now. Kitty saw that he took
+hold of the red hair, and drew it slowly through his fingers: his face
+had grown in these few minutes aged and haggard.
+
+"'Behold, how he loved him!'" she thought. He had been the old man's
+only son. Other men could make mourning for their dead children, talk of
+them all their lives; but she knew her mother would not allow Peter to
+even utter his boy's name.
+
+"I'm sure," she said vehemently from where she stood by the fire, "he
+was not a bad man. _I_ remember Hugh very well, and I remember nothing
+that was not lovable and good about him;" the truth of which was that
+she had a vague recollection of a freckle-faced boy, who had tormented
+her and her kittens day and night, and who had suddenly disappeared out
+of her life. But she meant to comfort her father, and she did it.
+
+"You've a good, warm heart, Kitty. I did not know that anybody but me
+remembered the lad."
+
+She snuggled down on the floor beside him, drawing his hand over her
+hair. Usually there is great comfort in the very touch of a woman like
+Kitty. But Peter's hand rested passively on her head: her cooing and
+patting could not touch his trouble to-day.
+
+"Your mother will need you, my dear," he said at last, as soon as that
+lady's soft steady step was heard in the hall. Kitty understood and left
+him alone.
+
+"Mother," she said, coming into the chamber where Mrs. Guinness, her
+pink cheeks pinker from the rain, lay back in her easy-chair, her
+slippered feet on the fender--"mother, there is a question I wish to ask
+you."
+
+"Well, Catharine?"
+
+"When did Hugh die? How do you know that he is dead?"
+
+Mrs. Guinness sat erect and looked at her in absolute silence.
+Astonishment and anger Kitty had expected from her at her mention of the
+name, but there was a certain terror in her face which was
+unaccountable.
+
+"What do you know of Hugh Guinness? I never wished that his name should
+cross your lips, Catharine."
+
+"I know very little. But I have a reason for wishing to know when and
+how he died. It is for father's sake," she added, startled at the
+increasing agitation which her mother could not conceal.
+
+Still, Mrs. Guinness did not reply. She was not a superstitious woman:
+she felt no remorse about her treatment of her stepson. There had been
+evil tongues, even in the church, to lay his ruined life at her door,
+and to say that bigotry and sternness had driven him to debauchery and a
+drunkard's death. She knew she had done her duty: she liked best to
+think of herself as a mother in Israel. Yet there had always been a
+dull, mysterious terror which linked Hugh Guinness and Catharine
+together. It was there he would revenge himself. Some day he would put
+out his dead hand from the grave to work the child's destruction. She
+had reasoned and laughed at her own folly in the matter for years. But
+the belief was there. Now it was taking shape.
+
+She would meet it face to face. She stood up as though she had been
+going to throttle some visible foe for ever: "I shall tell you the
+truth, Catharine. Your father has never known it. He believes his son
+died in Nicaragua fighting for a cause which he thought good. I let him
+believe it. There was some comfort in that."
+
+"It was not true, then?"
+
+"No." She rearranged the vases on the mantel-shelf, turned over the
+illuminated texts hanging on the wall, until she came to the one for the
+day. She was trying to convince herself that Hugh Guinness mattered
+nothing to her.
+
+"He died," she said at last, "in New York, a reprobate, as he lived."
+
+"But where? how?"
+
+"What can that matter to you?" sharply. "But I will tell you where and
+how. Two winters ago a poor, bloated, penniless wretch took up his
+lodging in a cheap hotel in New York. He left it only to visit the
+gambling-houses near. An old friend of mine recognized Hugh, and warned
+me of his whereabouts. I went up to the city at once, but when I reached
+it he had disappeared. He had lost his last penny at dice."
+
+"Then he _is_ still alive?"
+
+"God forbid! No," correcting herself. "A week later the body of a
+suicide was recovered off Coney Island and placed in the Morgue. It was
+horribly mutilated. But I knew Hugh Guinness. I think I see him yet,
+lying on that marble slab and his eyes staring up at me. It was no doing
+of mine that he lay there."
+
+"No, mother, I am sure that it was not," gently. "If your conscience
+reproaches you, I wish he were here that you could try and bring him
+into the right path at last."
+
+"My conscience does not trouble me. As for Hugh--Heaven forbid that I
+should judge any man!--but if ever there was a son of wrath predestined
+to perdition, it was he. I always felt his day of grace must have passed
+while he was still a child."
+
+Kitty had no answer to this. She went off to bed speedily, and to sleep.
+An hour or two later her mother crept softly to her bedside and stood
+looking at her. The woman had been crying.
+
+"Lord, not on her, not on her!" she cried silently. "Let not my sin be
+laid up against her!" But her grief was short-lived. Hugh was dead. As
+for his harming Kitty, that was all folly. Meanwhile, Mr. Muller and the
+wedding-clothes were facts. She stooped over Kitty and kissed
+her--turned down the sheet to look at her soft blue-veined shoulder and
+moist white foot. Such a little while since she was a baby asleep in
+this very bed! Some of the baby lines were in her face still. It was
+hard to believe that now she was a woman--to be in a few days a wife.
+
+She covered her gently, and stole away nodding and smiling. The ghost
+was laid.
+
+As for Kitty, she had gone to bed not at all convinced that Hugh
+Guinness was dead. It was a more absorbing Mystery, that was all. But it
+did not keep her awake. She did not spin any romantic fancies about him
+or his dark history. If he were alive, he was very likely as
+disagreeable and freckle-faced a man as he had been a boy. But the
+secret was her own--a discovery; a very different affair from this
+marriage, which had been made and fitted on her by outsiders.
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+"Gone! You don't mean that your mother and Mr. Guinness have gone to
+leave you for a month!" Mr. Muller was quite vehement with annoyance and
+surprise.
+
+"At least a month," said Catharine calmly. "Mrs. Guinness always goes
+with my father on his summer journey for books, and this year she
+has--well, things to buy for me."
+
+It was the wedding-dress she meant, he knew. He leaned eagerly in at the
+window, where he stood hoping for a blush. But none came. "Purl two and
+knit one," said Kitty to her crochet.
+
+"I certainly do not consider it safe or proper for you to be left
+alone," he blustered mildly after a while.
+
+"There is Jane," glancing back at the black figure waddling from the
+kitchen to the pump.
+
+"Jane! I shall send Maria up to stay with you, Catharine."
+
+"You are very kind! It is so pleasant to be cared for!" with a little
+gush of politeness and enthusiasm. "But dear Maria finds the house damp.
+I will not be selfish. You must allow me to be alone."
+
+He looked at her furtively. Was there, after all, an obstinate,
+unbendable back-bone under the soft feathers of this his nestling dove?
+He was discomfited at every turn this evening. He had hoped that Kitty
+would notice that his little imperial had been retrimmed; and he
+had bought a set of sleeve-buttons, antique coins, at a ruinous price,
+in hopes they would please her. She looked at neither the one nor the
+other. Yet she had a keen eye for dress--too keen an eye indeed. Only
+last night she had spent an hour anxiously cutting old Peter's hair and
+beard, and Mr. Muller could not but remember that he was a handsome
+young fellow, and do what she would with Peter, he was old and beaked
+like a parrot. "Besides, he is only her stepfather," he reasoned, "and I
+am to be her husband: she loves me."
+
+_Did_ she love him? The question always brought a pain under his plump
+chest and neat waistcoat which he could not explain; he thrust it
+hastily away. But he loitered about the room, thinking how sweet it
+would be if this childish creature would praise or find fault with
+buttons or whiskers in her childish way. Kitty, however, crocheted on
+calmly, and saw neither. The sun was near its setting. The clover-fields
+stretched out dry and brown in its warm light, to where the melancholy
+shadows gathered about the wooded creeks.
+
+Mr. Muller looked wistfully out of the window, and then at her. "Suppose
+you come and walk with me?" he said presently.
+
+Kitty glanced out, and settled herself more comfortably in her
+rocking-chair. "It is very pleasant here," smiling.
+
+He thought he would go home: in fact, he did not know what else to do.
+The room was very quiet, they were quite alone. The evening light fell
+on Catharine; her hands had fallen on her lap; she was thinking so
+intently of her Mystery that she had forgotten he was there. How white
+her bent neck was, with the rings of brown hair lying on it! There was a
+deeper pink than usual on her face, too, as though her thoughts were
+pleasant. He came closer, bent over her chair, touched her hair with one
+chubby finger, and started back red and breathless.
+
+"Did you speak?" said Kitty, looking up.
+
+"I'm going home. I only wanted to say good bye."
+
+"So soon? Good-bye. I shall see you to-morrow, I suppose?" taking up her
+work.
+
+"Yes, Kitty--"
+
+"Well?"
+
+"I have never bidden you good-bye except by shaking hands. Could I kiss
+you? I have thought about that every day since you promised to marry
+me."
+
+The pleasant rose-tinge was gone now: even the soft lips, which were
+dangerously close, were colorless: "You can kiss me if you want to. I
+suppose it's right."
+
+The little man drew back gravely. "Never mind; it's no matter. I had
+made up my mind never to ask for it until you seemed to be able to give
+me real wifely love."
+
+She started up. "I can do no more than I have done," vehemently. "And
+I'm tired of hearing of myself as a wife. I'd as soon consider myself as
+a grandmother."
+
+Mr. Muller waited a moment, too shocked and indignant to speak: then he
+took up his hat and went to the door. "Good-night, my child," he said
+kindly, "To-morrow you will be your better self."
+
+Kitty knew nothing of better selves: she only felt keenly that two
+months ago such rudeness would have been impossible to her. Why was she
+growing vulgar and weak?
+
+The air stirred the leaves of the old Walnuts outside: the black-coated,
+dapper figure had not yet passed from under them. He was so gentle and
+pious and good! Should she run after him? She dropped instead into her
+chair and cried comfortably till a noise in the shop stopped her, and
+looking through the dusky books she saw a man waiting. She got up and
+went in hastily, looking keenly at his face to find how long he had been
+there, and how much he had seen. It wore, however, an inscrutable
+gravity.
+
+Most of Peter's old customers sold to themselves during his absence, but
+this was a stranger. He stood looking curiously at the heaped books and
+the worn sheepskin-covered chair, until she was close to him: then he
+looked curiously at her.
+
+"I have had some correspondence with Mr. Guinness about a copy of
+Quadd's _Scientific Catalogues_."
+
+"Mr. Guinness is not at home, but he left the book," said Kitty, alertly
+climbing the steps. Bringing the book, she recognized him as Doctor
+McCall, who had once before been at the shop when her father was gone.
+He was a young man, largely built, with a frank, attentive face, red
+hair and beard, and cordial voice. It was Kitty's nature to meet anybody
+halfway who carried summer weather about him. "My father hoped you would
+not come for the book until his return," she said civilly. "Your letters
+made him wish to see you. You were familiar, he told me, with some old
+pamphlets of which few customers know anything."
+
+"Probably. I could not come at any other time," curtly, engrossed in
+turning over the pages of his book. Presently he said, "I will look over
+the stock if you will allow me. But I need not detain you," glancing at
+her work in the inner room. Kitty felt herself politely dismissed. Nor,
+although Doctor McCall stayed for half an hour examining Peter's
+favorite volumes as he sat on his high office-stool and leaned on his
+desk, did he once turn his eyes on the dimpling face making a
+picturesque vignette in the frame of the open window. When he had
+finished he came to the door. "I will call for the books I have chosen
+in an hour;" and then bowed distantly and was gone.
+
+He had scarcely closed the gate when the back door creaked, and Miss
+Muller came in smiling, magnetic from head to foot, as her disciples in
+Berrytown were used to allege.
+
+"And what is our little dove afraid of in her nest?" pinching Kitty's
+cheek as though she had been a dove very lately fledged indeed. She had
+always in fact the feeling when with Kitty that through her she suffered
+to live and patted on the back the whole ignoble, effete race of
+domestic women. Catharine caught sight of her satchel, which portended a
+visit of several days.
+
+"Pray give me your hat and stay with me for tea," she said sweetly.
+
+Miss Muller saw through her stratagem and laughed: "Now, that is just
+the kind of finesse in which such women delight!" she thought
+good-humoredly, going into the shop to lay off her hat and cape. The
+next moment she returned. Her face was bloodless. The muscles of the
+chin twitched.
+
+"Who has been here?" she cried, sitting down and rubbing her hands
+violently on her wrists. "Oh, Catharine, who has been here?"
+
+Now Kitty, a hearty eater with a slow brain, and nerves laid quite out
+of reach under the thick healthy flesh, knew nothing of the hysterical
+clairvoyant moods and trances familiar to so many lean, bilious American
+women. She ran for camphor, carbonate of soda and arnica, bathed Miss
+Muller's head, bent over her, fussing, terrified, anxious.
+
+"Is it a pain? Is it in your stomach? Did you eat anything that
+disagreed with you?" she cried.
+
+"Eat! I believe in my soul you think of nothing but eating!" trying
+resolutely to still the trembling of her limbs and chattering of her
+teeth. "I was only conscious of a presence when I entered that room.
+Some one who long ago passed out of my life, stood by me again." The
+tears ran weakly over her white cheeks.
+
+"Somebody in the shop!" Kitty went to it on tiptoe, quaking at the
+thought of burglars. "There's nobody in the shop. Not even the cat,"
+turning back reassured. "How did you feel the Presence, Maria? See it,
+or hear it, or smell it?"
+
+"There are other senses than those, you know," pacing slowly up and down
+the room with the action of the leading lady in a melodrama; but her
+pain or vision, whatever it was, had been real enough. The cold drops
+stood on her forehead, her lips quivered, the brown eyes turned from
+side to side asking for help. "When _he_ is near shall I not know it?"
+she said with dry lips.
+
+Kitty stole up to her and touched her hand. "I'm so glad if you are in
+love!" she whispered. "I thought you would think it foolish to care for
+love or--or babies. I used to care for them both a great deal."
+
+"Pshaw! Now listen to me, child," her step growing steadier. "Oh dear!
+Haven't you any belladonna? Or coffea? That would set me right at once.
+As for a husband and children, they are obstructions to a woman--nothing
+more. If my head was clear I could make you understand. I am a free
+soul. I have my work to do. Marriage is an accident: so is
+child-bearing. In nine cases out of ten they hinder a woman's work. But
+when I meet a kindred soul, higher, purer than mine, I give allegiance
+to it. My feeling becomes a part of my actual life; it is a spiritual
+action: it hears and sees by spiritual senses. And then--Ah, there is
+something terrible in being alone--_alone_! She called this out loudly,
+wringing her hands. Kitty gave a queer smile. It was incredible to her
+that a woman could thus dissect herself for the benefit of another.
+
+"But she's talking for her own benefit," watching her shrewdly. "If
+there's any acting about it, she's playing Ophelia and Hamlet and the
+audience all at once.--Was it Doctor McCall you fancied was in the
+shop?" she asked quietly.
+
+Miss Muller turned, a natural blush dyeing her face and neck: "He has
+been here then?--Oh, there! there he is!" as the young man came in at
+the gate. She passed her hands over her front hair nervously, shook down
+her lace sleeves and went out to meet him. Kitty saw his start of
+surprise. He stooped, for she was a little woman, and held out both his
+hands.
+
+"Yes, John, it is I!" she said with a half sob.
+
+"Are you really so glad to see me again, Maria?" She caught his arm for
+her sole answer, and walked on, nestling close to his side.
+
+"It may be spiritual affinity, but it looks very like love," thought
+Kitty. It was a different love from any she had known. They turned and
+walked through the gate down into the shadow of the wooded creeks, the
+broad strong figure leaning over the weaker one. Kitty fancied the
+passion in his eyes, the words he would speak. She thought how she had
+noticed at first sight that there was unusual strength and tenderness in
+the man's face.
+
+"There will be no talk there of new dresses or reformatory schools, I'm
+sure of that," she said, preparing to go to bed. She felt somehow
+wronged and slighted to-night, and wished for old Peter's knee to rest
+on. She had no friend like old Peter, and never would have.
+
+REBECCA HARDING DAVIS.
+
+[TO BE CONTINUED.]
+
+
+
+
+OVERDUE.
+
+
+    The beads from the wine have all vanished,
+      Which bubbled in brightness so late;
+    The lights from the windows are banished,
+      Close shut is the gate
+    Which yesterday swung wide in joyance,
+      And beckoned to fate.
+
+    The goblet stands idle, untasted,
+      Or, tasted, is tasteless to-night;
+    The breath of the roses is wasted;
+        In sackcloth bedight,
+    The soul, in the dusk of her palace,
+        Sits waiting the light.
+
+    Ah! why do the ships waft no token
+      Of grace to this sorrowful realm?
+    Must suns shine in vain, while their broken
+        Rays clouds overwhelm?
+    Tender Breeze, if some sail bear a message,
+        Rule thou at the helm!
+
+    But if haply the ruler be coming,
+      Drug the sea-sirens each with a kiss:
+    Stroke the waves into calmest of humming
+        Over ocean's abyss:
+    Speed him soft from the shore of the stranger
+        To the haven of this.
+
+    And the soul-bells in joyous revival
+      Shall peal all the carols of spring;
+    The roses and ruby wine rival
+        Each other to bring,
+    In the crimson and fragrance of welcome,
+        Delight to the king.
+
+MARY B. DODGE.
+
+
+
+
+QUEEN VICTORIA AS A MILLIONAIRE.
+
+
+Queen Victoria either is or ought to be a very wealthy woman. Her income
+was at the beginning of her reign fixed at L385,000 a year. This sum, it
+was understood, would, with the exception of L96,000 a year, be divided
+between the lord steward, the lord chamberlain and the master of the
+horse, the three great functionaries of the royal household. Of the
+residue L60,000 were to be paid over to the queen for her personal
+expenses, and the remaining L36,000 were for "contingencies." It is
+probable, however, that the above arrangements have been much modified,
+as time has worked changes.
+
+The prince-consort had an allowance of L30,000 a year. The queen
+originally wished him to have L100,000, and Lord Melbourne, then prime
+minister, who had immense influence over her, had much difficulty in
+persuading her that this sum was out of the question, and gaining her
+consent to the government's proposing L50,000 a year to the House of
+Commons, which, to Her Majesty's infinite chagrin, cut the sum down
+nearly one-half.
+
+During the happy days of her married life the expenditure of the court
+was very much greater than it has been since the prince's death.
+Emperors and kings were entertained with utmost splendor at Windsor.
+During the emperor of Russia's visit, for instance, and that of Louis
+Philippe, one or two hundred extra mouths were in one way or another fed
+at Her Majesty's expense. The stables, too, were formerly filled with
+horses--and very fine ones they were--whereas now the number is greatly
+reduced, and many of those in the royal mews are "jobbed"--_i.e._ hired
+by the week or month, as occasion requires, from livery stables. This
+poverty of the master of the horse's department excited much angry
+comment on the occasion of the princess Alexandra's state entry into
+London.
+
+But besides the previously-mentioned L60,000 a year, and what residue
+may be unspent from the rest of the "civil list," as the L385,000 is
+called, Queen Victoria has two other sources of considerable income. She
+is in her own right duchess of Lancaster. The property which goes with
+the duchy of Lancaster belonged originally to Saxon noblemen who rose
+against the Norman Conqueror. Their estates were confiscated, and in
+1265 were in the possession of Robert Ferrers, earl of Derby. This
+nobleman took part with Simon de Montfort in his rebellion, and was
+deprived of all his estates in 1265 by Henry III., who bestowed them on
+his youngest son, Edmund, commonly called Edmund Crouchback, whom he
+created earl of Lancaster. From him dates the immediate connection
+between royalty and the duchy. In 1310, Thomas, second earl of
+Lancaster, son of Edmund Crouchback, married a great heiress, the only
+child of De Lacy, earl of Lincoln. By this alliance he became the
+wealthiest and most powerful subject of the Crown, possessing in right
+of himself and his wife six earldoms, with all the jurisdiction which
+under feudal tenure was annexed to such honors. In 1311 he became
+involved in the combination formed by several nobles to induce the king
+to part with Piers de Gaveston. The result of this conspiracy was that
+the unhappy favorite was lynched in Warwick Castle. The king, Edward
+II., was at first highly incensed, but ultimately pardoned the
+conspirators, including the earl of Lancaster; but that very imprudent
+personage, subsequently taking up arms against his sovereign, was
+beheaded.
+
+In 1326 an act was passed for reversing the attainder of Earl Thomas in
+favor of his brother Henry, earl of Lancaster. Earl Henry left a son and
+six daughters. The son was surnamed "Grismond," from the place of his
+birth. He greatly distinguished himself in the French wars under Edward
+III., and was the second knight companion of the Order of the Garter,
+Edward "the Black Prince" being the first. Ultimately, to reward his
+many services, Edward III. created him, about 1348, duke of Lancaster,
+and the county of Lancaster was formed into a palatinate or
+principality. This great and good nobleman who seems to have been the
+soul of munificence and piety, died in 1361, leaving two daughters to
+inherit his vast possessions, but on the death of the elder without
+issue the whole devolved on the second, Blanche, who married John of
+Gaunt (so called because born at Ghent in Flanders, in March, 1340), son
+of Edward III. He was created duke of Lancaster, played a prominent part
+in history, and died in 1399, leaving a son by Blanche--Henry
+Plantagenet, surnamed Bolingbroke, from Bullingbrook Castle in
+Lincolnshire, the scene of his birth. He became King Henry IV., and thus
+the duchy merged in the Crown, and is enjoyed to-day by Queen Victoria
+as duchess of Lancaster.
+
+Her revenue from this source has been steadily increasing. Thus in 1865
+it was L26,000; in 1867, L29,000; in 1869, L31,000; in 1872 L40,000. The
+largest of these figures does not probably represent a fifth of the
+receipts of John of Gaunt, but the duchy of Lancaster, like that of
+Cornwall, suffered far a long time from the fraud and rapacity of those
+who were supposed to be its custodians. Managed as it now is, it will
+probably have doubled its present revenue before the close of the
+century.[B]
+
+The other source is still more strictly personal income. On the 30th of
+August, 1852, there died a gentleman, aged seventy-two, of the name of
+John Camden Neild. He was son of a Mr. James Neild, who acquired a large
+fortune as a gold- and silversmith. Mr. James Neild was born at Sir
+Henry Holland's birthplace, Knutsford, a market-town in Cheshire, in
+1744. He came to London, when a boy, in 1760, the first year of George
+III.'s reign, and was placed with one of the king's jewelers, Mr.
+Hemming. Gradually working his way up, he started on his own account in
+St. James's street, a very fashionable thoroughfare, and made a large
+fortune. In 1792 he retired. He appears to have been a man of rare
+benevolence and some literary ability. He devoted himself to remedying
+the condition of prisons, more especially those in which persons were
+confined for debt: indeed, his efforts in this direction would seem to
+have rivaled those of Howard, for in the course of forty years Mr. Neild
+visited most of the prisons in Great Britain, and was for many years
+treasurer, as well as one of the founders, of the society for the relief
+of persons imprisoned for small debts. He described his prison
+experiences in a series of papers in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, which
+were subsequently republished, and highly praised by the _Edinburgh
+Review_. Mr. Neild had three children, but only one, John Camden Neild,
+survived him. This gentleman succeeded to his father's very large
+property in 1814.
+
+Mr. James Neild had acquired considerable landed estate, and was sheriff
+of Buckinghamshire in 1804. His son received every advantage in the way
+of education, graduated M.A. at Trinity College, Cambridge, and was
+subsequently called to the bar. He proved, however, the very reverse of
+his benevolent father. He was a miser born, and hid all his talents in a
+napkin, making no use of his wealth beyond allowing it to accumulate.
+From the date of the death of his father, who left him L250,000, besides
+real estate, he had spent but a small portion of his income, and allowed
+himself scarcely the necessaries of life. He usually dressed in a blue
+coat with metal buttons. This he did not allow to be brushed, inasmuch
+as that process would have worn the nap. He was never known to wear an
+overcoat. He gladly accepted invitations from his tenantry, and would
+remain on long visits, because he thus saved board. There is a story of
+how a benevolent gentleman once proffered assistance, through a chemist
+in the Strand, in whose shop he saw what he supposed to be a broken-down
+old gentleman, and received for reply, "God bless your soul, sir! that's
+Mr. Coutts the banker, who could buy up you and me fifty times over." So
+with Mr. Neild: his appearance often made him an object of charity and
+commiseration, nor would it appear that he was at all averse to being so
+regarded. Just before railway traveling began he had been on a visit to
+some of his estates, and was returning to London. The coach having
+stopped to allow of the passengers getting refreshment, all entered the
+hotel except old Neild. Observing the absence of the pinched,
+poverty-stricken-looking old gentleman, some good-natured passenger sent
+him out a bumper of brandy and water, which the old niggard eagerly
+accepted.
+
+A few days before his death he told one of his executors that he had
+made a most singular will, but that he had a right to do what he liked
+with his own. When the document was opened it was found that, with the
+exception of a few small legacies, he had left all "to Her Most Gracious
+Majesty Queen Victoria, begging Her Majesty's most gracious acceptance
+of the same, for her sole use and benefit, and that of her heirs."
+Probably vanity dictated this bequest. To a poor old housekeeper, who
+had served him twenty-six years, he left nothing; to each of his
+executors, L100. But the queen made a handsome provision for the former,
+and presented L1000 to each of the latter; and she further raised a
+memorial to the miser's memory.
+
+The property bequeathed to her amounted to upward of L500,000; so that,
+supposing Her Majesty to have spent every penny of her public and duchy
+of Lancaster incomes, and to have only laid by this legacy and the
+interest on it, she would from this source alone now be worth at least
+L1,000,000. Be this as it may, even that portion of the public which
+survives her will probably never know the amount of her wealth, for the
+wills of kings and queens are not proved; so that there will be no
+enlightenment on this head in the pages of the _Illustrated London
+News_.
+
+Both Osborne House in the Isle of Wight, and Balmoral, were bought prior
+to Mr. Neild's bequest. These palaces are the personal property of Her
+Majesty, and very valuable: probably the two may, with their contents,
+be valued at L500,000 at the lowest. The building and repairs at these
+palaces are paid for by the queen herself, but those of all the palaces
+of the Crown are at the expense of the country, and about a million has
+been expended on Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle during the present
+reign.
+
+The claims made on the queen for charity are exceedingly numerous. They
+are all most carefully examined by the keeper of her privy purse, and
+help is invariably extended to proper objects. But whilst duly
+recognizing such calls upon her, the queen has never been regarded as
+open-handed. Her munificence, for example, has not been on the scale of
+that of the late queen Adelaide, the widow of William IV. It is to be
+remembered that her father suffered all his life from straitened
+circumstances, and indeed it was by means of money supplied by friends
+that the duchess of Kent was enabled to reach England and give birth to
+its future sovereign on British soil. Although the duke died when his
+daughter was too young to have heard from him of these pecuniary
+troubles, she was no doubt cautioned by her mother to avoid all chance
+of incurring them; and a circumstance in itself likely to impress their
+inconvenience on her memory was that one of the first acts of her reign
+was to pay off, principal and interest, the whole of her father's
+remaining liabilities.
+
+A good deal of sympathy is felt in England for the prince of Wales in
+reference to his money-matters. His mother's withdrawal from
+representative functions throws perforce a great deal of extra expense
+upon him, which he is very ill able to bear. He is expected to subscribe
+liberally to every conceivable charity, to bestow splendid presents
+(here his mother has always been wanting), and in every way to vie with,
+if not surpass, the nobility; and all this with L110,000 a year, whilst
+the dukes of Devonshire, Cleveland, Buccleuch, Lords Westminster, Bute,
+Lonsdale and a hundred more noblemen and gentlemen, have fortunes double
+or treble, no lords and grooms in waiting to pay, and can subscribe or
+decline to subscribe to the Distressed Muffin-makers' and Cab-men's
+Widows' Associations, according to their pleasure, without a murmur on
+the part of the public.
+
+About five years ago the press generally took this view of the subject,
+and a rumor ran that the government fully intended to ask for an
+addition to the prince's income; but nothing was done. We have reason to
+believe that the hesitation of the government arose from the
+well-grounded apprehension that it would bring on an inquiry as to the
+queen's income and what became of it. Opinion ran high among both Whigs
+and Tories that if Her Majesty did not please to expend in
+representative pomp the revenues granted to her for that specific
+purpose, she should appropriate a handsome sum annually to her son. It
+may be urged, "Perhaps she does so," and in reply it can only be said
+that in such case the secret is singularly well kept, and that those
+whose position should enable them to give a pretty shrewd guess at the
+state of the case persist in averring the contrary. However, it will no
+doubt be all the better for the royal family in the end. The queen is a
+sagacious woman. She no doubt fully recognizes the fact that the British
+public will each year become more and more impatient of being required
+to vote away handsome annuities for a succession of princelings, whilst
+at the same time it may look with toleration, if not affection, upon a
+number of gentlemen and ladies who ask for nothing more than the cheap
+privilege of writing "Royal Highness" before their names. If, then,
+Queen Victoria be by her retirement and frugality accumulating a fortune
+which will make the royal family almost independent of a parliamentary
+grant in excess of the income which the Crown revenues represent, she is
+no doubt acting with that deep good sense and prudence which are a part
+of her character. And here we may just explain that the Crown revenues
+are derived from the property which has always been the appanage of the
+English sovereign from the Norman Conquest. For a long time past the
+custom has been to give this up to the country, with the understanding
+that it cannot be alienated, and to accept, in lieu thereof, a
+parliamentary grant of income. This Crown property is of immense value.
+It includes a large strip of the best part of London. All the clubs in
+Pall Mall, for instance, the Carlton, United Service, Travelers',
+Reform; Marlborough House, The Guards Club, Stafford House, Carlton
+House Terrace, Carlton Gardens--which pay the highest rents in
+London--stand on Crown land; as do Montague House, the duke of
+Buccleuch's, Dover House, etc. But this property suffers very much from
+the fact of its being inalienable. It can only be leased. The whole of
+the New Forest is Crown land, and it is estimated that if sold it would
+fetch millions, whereas it is now nearly valueless. If the royal family
+could use their Crown lands, just as those noblemen who have received
+grants from sovereigns use theirs, it would be the wealthiest in
+England, and would have no need to come to Parliament for funds.
+
+Half of the people who howl about the expense of royalty know nothing
+about these Crown lands, which really belong to royalty at least as much
+as the property of those holding estates originally granted by kings
+belongs to such proprietors, and if exception were taken to such tenures
+scarcely any title in England would be safe.
+
+Taking her, then, for all in all, Queen Victoria is not only the best,
+but probably the cheapest, sovereign England ever had; and her people,
+although inclined, as is their wont, to grumble that she doesn't spend a
+little more money, feel that she has so few faults that they can well
+afford to overlook this. Deeply loved by them, she is yet more
+respected.
+
+REGINALD WYNFORD.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[B] How the revenues of the duchy of Cornwall have grown under the
+admirable management instituted by the late prince-consort, who
+discovered that peculation and negligence were combining to dissipate
+his eldest son's splendid heritage, the following will show. In 1824 the
+gross revenue had fallen to L22,000: in 1872 it was nearly L70,000! Loud
+were the howls of the peculators against "that beastly German" when His
+Royal Highness took it in hand. But "he knew he was right," and had his
+reward. When the prince of Wales came of age, instead of having from
+L13,000 to L14,000, net, a year from his duchy, as the last prince of
+Wales had, there was a revenue of L50,000 a year clear, and cash enough
+to buy Sandringham. The income is now increasing at the rate of about
+L3000 a year, on the average. By net revenue is meant the clear sum
+which goes into the prince's pocket. Of course his father's prudence and
+energy saved the country a large sum, which it would otherwise have been
+compelled to vote for maintaining the prince's establishment.
+
+George IV. had on his marriage, when prince of Wales, L125,000 a year,
+besides his duchy revenues, L28,000 for jewelry and plate, and L26,000
+for furnishing Carlton House. The present prince of Wales has nothing
+from the country but L40,000 a year, and his wife has L10,000 a year. No
+application has ever been made for money to pay his debts or to assist
+him in any way.
+
+
+
+
+CRICKET IN AMERICA
+
+
+Cricket is the "national game" of England, where the sport has a
+venerable antiquity. Occasional references to the game are found in old
+books, which would place its origin some centuries back. The most
+ancient mention of the game is found in the _Constitution Book of
+Guildford_, by which it appears that in some legal proceedings in 1598 a
+witness, then aged fifty-nine, gave evidence that "when he was a scholar
+in the free schoole at Guldeford he and several of his fellowes did
+runne and plaie there at _crickett_ and other plaies." The author of
+_Echoes from Old Cricket Fields_ cites the biography of Bishop Ken to
+show that he played cricket at Winchester College in 1650, one of his
+scores, cut on the chapel-cloister wall, being still extant; and the
+same writer reproduces as a frontispiece to his "opusculum" an old
+engraving bearing date 1743, in which the wicket appears as a skeleton
+hurdle about two feet wide by one foot high, while the bat is the Saxon
+_crec_ or crooked stick, with which the game was originally played, and
+from which the name cricket was doubtless derived.
+
+In England the game is universally played: all classes take equal
+interest in it, and it is a curious fact that on the cricket-ground the
+lord and the laborer meet on equal terms, the zest of the game
+outweighing the prejudice of caste. The government encourages it as a
+physical discipline for the troops, and provides all barracks with
+cricket-grounds. Every regiment has its club, and, what is odd, the navy
+furnishes many crack players. It is the favorite _par excellence_ at all
+schools, colleges and universities; every county, every town and every
+village has its local club; while the I Zingari and its host of rivals
+serve to focus the ubiquitous talent of All England. The public enjoy
+it, merely as spectators, to such a degree that a grand match-day at
+Lord's is only second in point of enthusiasm to the Derby Day. Special
+trains carry thousands, and the field presents a gay picture framed in a
+quadrangle of equipages. It is sometimes difficult, even by charging
+large admission-fees, to keep the number of spectators within convenient
+limits. Notwithstanding the motley assemblage which a match always
+attracts, so unobjectionable are the associations of the cricket-field
+that clergymen do not feel it unbecoming to participate in the
+diversion, either as players, umpires or spectators.
+
+In this country, while cricket is known in a few localities, it has
+never been generally adopted. In New York a few English residents have
+for years formed the nucleus of a somewhat numerous fraternity, and the
+announcement that an _American Cricketer's Manual_ will be published in
+that city during the present season indicates that home interest in the
+sport is on the increase. But the chief thriving-place of native
+American cricket is conceded to be Philadelphia, and it will be
+interesting, perhaps, to take a retrospect of the progress of the game
+in this city.
+
+Tradition carries us back as far as the year 1831 or 1832, when cricket
+was first played on the ground of George Ticknor, Esq., west of the old
+bridge below Fairmount, by a few Englishmen, who shortly afterward
+organized themselves under the name of the Union Club. Some of our older
+native cricketers remember taking their first lessons from the three
+brothers, George, Prior and John Ticknor, who, with Joseph Nicholls,
+William Richardson, John M. Fisher, John Herrod, George Parker, Samuel
+Dingworth, Jonathan Ainsworth, John Kenworthy and George Daffin, met on
+Saturday afternoons and holidays. In subsequent years a few enthusiastic
+spirits practiced with home-made bats on the Camden common, and thence
+we trace the feeble but growing interest in the game, until in 1854 the
+Philadelphia Cricket Club was organized, with J. Dickinson Sergeant
+(who still fills the office) as president, William Rotch Wister as
+secretary, and Hartman Kuhn (third), James B. England, Morton P. Henry,
+Thomas Hall, Thomas Facon, Dr. Samuel Lewis, William M. Bradshaw, Henry
+M. Barlow, R. Darrell Stewart, S. Weir Mitchell and (last, but not
+least) Tom Senior among its founders. Then came the Germantown Club, of
+native American boys, organized in 1855, whose highest ambition, for
+many years, was to play the Philadelphia Club, "barring Tom Senior,"
+then the only fast round-arm bowler in the country. Next came the
+Olympian, the Delphian, the Keystone Cricket Clubs, and a host of lesser
+lights, whose head-quarters were at West Philadelphia; and soon after
+the now famous Young America Cricket Club was formed by the lamented
+Walter S. Newhall, partly as a training-club for the Germantown. Well
+did it fulfill its purpose until the breaking out of the war, when the
+members of the Germantown Club changed the bat for the sabre almost in a
+body, and the club went out of existence.
+
+With calmer times the old love of cricket came back, and through the
+energy of Mr. Charles E. Cadwalader the Germantown Club was reorganized,
+and the _esprit de corps_ was such that before the club had taken the
+field the roll showed more than twice its former numbers. Through the
+spirit of its patrons, and especially by the kindness of H. Pratt
+McKean, Esq. (part of whose country-seat was tendered for a
+cricket-ground), the new life of the Germantown Cricket Club was
+successfully inaugurated on the 17th of October, 1866, by a victory in
+its opening match with the St. George Club of New York. That was a
+red-letter day, when Major-General Meade, on behalf of the ladies of
+Germantown, and amid the huzzas of thousands of its friends, presented
+to the club a handsome set of colors, and, hoisting them to the breeze,
+alluded in his own graceful style to the memories of the past, and the
+achievements which he predicted the future would witness on this
+magnificent cricket-field.
+
+But what is cricket? Descriptions of lively things are apt to be dull,
+and it is indeed no easy task to render a detailed description of
+cricket intelligible, much less entertaining, to the uninitiated. The
+veriest enthusiast never thought the forty-seven "laws of cricket" light
+reading, and, resembling as they do certain other statutes whose only
+apparent design is to perplex the inquiring layman, they would, if cited
+here, be "caviare to the general."
+
+But come with us, in imagination, on a bright May-day to a great
+match--say on the Germantown cricket-ground. You will find a glorious
+stretch of velvet turf, seven acres of living carpet, level and green as
+a huge billard-table, skirted on the one hand by a rolling landscape,
+and hedged on the other by a row of primeval oaks. Flags flaunt from the
+flag-staffs, and the play-ground is guarded by guidons. The pavilion is
+appropriated to the players, and perchance the band: the grand stand is
+already filling with spectators. Old men and children, young men and
+maidens, are there--the latter "fair to see," and each predicting
+victory for her favorite club. For it must be known that on the
+Germantown ground party spirit always runs high among the belles, many
+of whom are good theoretical cricketers, and a few of whom always come
+prepared with blanks on which to keep the neatest of private scores.
+During the delay which seems inseparable from the commencement of a
+cricket-match some of the players, ready costumed in cricket apparel,
+"take care," if they do not "beware," of the aforesaid maidens; others,
+impatient for the call of "time," like jockeys cantering before the
+race, disport themselves over the field, practicing bowling, batting,
+and, in ball-players' parlance, "catching flies." The whole picture is
+one of beauty and animation, and that spirit must indeed be dull which
+does not yield to the exhilarating influences of such a scene.
+
+Cricket is usually played by eleven players on each side, the tactics of
+each party being directed by a captain. Two umpires are appointed, whose
+decrees, if sometimes inscrutable, are always irreversible, and whose
+first duty it is to "pitch the wickets." Having selected the ground,
+they proceed to measure accurately a distance of twenty-two yards, and
+to erect a wicket at either extremity. Each "wicket" consists of three
+wooden "stumps," twenty-eight inches long, sharpened at the bottom,
+whereby they may be stuck perpendicularly in the ground, and grooved at
+the top, in order to receive two short sticks or "bails," which rest
+lightly across their tops. When pitched, the wickets face each other,
+and each presents a parallelogram twenty-seven inches high by eight
+inches broad, erect and firm-looking, while in fact the lightest touch
+of the ball or any other object would knock off the bails and reduce it
+to its elements. Each of these wickets is to be the _locus in quo_ not
+only of a party rivalry, but also of an exciting individual contest
+between the bowler and the batsman, the former attacking the fortress
+with scientific pertinacity, and the "life" of the latter depending on
+its successful defence. The "popping-crease" and the "bowling-crease"
+having been white-washed on the turf--the one marking the batsman's
+safety-ground, and the other the bowler's limits--all is now ready for
+play. The captains toss a copper for choice of innings, and the winner
+may elect to send his men to the bat. He selects _two_ representatives
+of his side, who, having accoutred themselves with hand-protecting
+gloves and with leg-guards, take position, bat in hand, in front of each
+wicket. All the eleven players on the _out_ side are now marshaled by
+their captain in their proper positions as fielders, one being deputed
+to open the bowling. For a few moments the new match ball--than which,
+in a cricketer's estimation,
+
+    A carbuncle entire, as big as thou art,
+    Were not a richer jewel--
+
+is passed round among the fielders, just to get their hands in; which
+ball, we may mention, is nine inches in circumference, weighs five and a
+half ounces, is in color not unlike a carbuncle, and nearly as hard. The
+umpires take their respective position, and at the word "Play!" the
+whole party, like a pack of pointers, strike attitudes of attention,
+more or less graceful, and the game begins.
+
+The _bowler_, stepping briskly up to his crease, delivers the ball, and,
+whether it be a "fast round-arm" or a "slow under-hand," his endeavor is
+so to bowl it that the ball shall elude the batsman's defence and strike
+the wicket. The _batsman_ endeavors, first and foremost, to protect his
+wicket, and, secondly, if possible, to hit the ball away, so that he may
+make a run or runs. This is accomplished when he and his partner at the
+other wicket succeed in changing places before the ball is returned to
+the wicket by the fielders.
+
+The several ways in which a batsman may be put out are these: 1. "Bowled
+out," if the bowler succeeds in bowling a ball which evades the
+batsman's defence and strikes the wicket. 2. "Hit wicket," if the
+batsman, in playing at the ball, hits his wicket accidentally with his
+bat or person. 3. "Stumped out," if the batsman, in playing at a ball,
+steps out of his ground, but misses the ball, which is caught by the
+wicket-keeper, who with it puts down the wicket before the batsman
+returns his bat or his body within the popping-crease. 4. "Caught out,"
+if any fielder catches the ball direct from the striker's bat or hand
+before it touches the ground. 5. "Run out," if the batsman, in
+attempting to make a run, fails to reach his safety-ground before the
+wicket to which he is running is put down with the ball. 6. "Leg before
+wicket," if the batsman stops with his leg or other part of his body a
+bowled ball, whose course in the opinion of the umpire was in a line
+with the wickets, and which if not so stopped would have taken the
+wicket.
+
+At every ball bowled, therefore, the batsman must guard against all
+these dangers: he must, without leaving his ground, and avoiding "leg
+before wicket," play the ball so that it will not strike the wicket and
+cannot be caught. Having hit it away, he can make a run or runs only if
+he and his partner can reach their opposite wickets before the ball is
+returned by the fielders and a wicket put down. All the fielders are in
+active league against the batsman, whose single-handed resistance will
+be of little avail unless he exceeds mere defence and adds his quota of
+runs to the score of his side. To excel in this requires, in addition to
+a scientific knowledge of the game, cool presence of mind, a quick eye,
+a supple wrist, a strong arm, a swift foot and a healthy pair of lungs.
+Thus the nobler attributes of the man, mental and physical, are brought
+into play. As the Master in _Tom Brown's School-days_ remarks: "The
+discipline and reliance on one another which cricket teaches are so
+valuable it ought to be an unselfish game. It merges the individual in
+the eleven: he does not play that he may win, but that his side may."
+
+Four balls, sometimes six, are said to constitute an "over," and at the
+completion of each over the bowler is relieved by an alternate, who
+bowls from the opposite wicket, the fielders meantime crossing over or
+changing places, so as to preserve their relative positions toward the
+active batsman for the time being. Any over during which no runs are
+earned from the bat is said to be a "maiden" over, and is scored to the
+credit of the bowler as an evidence of good bowling. In addition to the
+runs earned on hits there are certain "extras," which, though scored as
+runs in favor of the _in_ side, are not strictly runs, but are imposed
+rather as penalties for bad play by the outs than as the result of good
+play by the ins. Thus, should the bowler bowl a ball which, in the
+opinion of the umpire, is outside the batsman's reach, it is called a
+"wide," and counts one (without running) to the batsman's side; should
+the bowler in delivering a ball step beyond the bowling-crease, or if he
+jerks it or throws it, it is a "no ball," and counts one (without
+running) to the batsman's side; but if the batsman hits a no ball he
+cannot be put out otherwise than by being "run out." If he makes one or
+more runs on such a hit, the no ball is condoned, and the runs so made
+are credited as hits to him and his side. The umpire must take especial
+care to call "no ball" instantly upon delivery--"wide ball" as soon as
+it shall have passed the batsman, and not, as a confused umpire once
+called, "No ball--wide--out." Again, should a ball which the batsman has
+not touched pass the fielders behind the wicket, the batsmen may make a
+run or runs, which count to their side as "byes:" should the ball,
+however, missing his bat, glance from the batsman's leg or other part of
+his body, and then pass the fielders, the batsmen may make a run or
+runs, which count to their side as "leg-byes."
+
+The game thus proceeds until each batsman of the _in_ side is in turn
+put out, except the eleventh or last, who, having no partner to assume
+the other wicket, "carries out his bat," and the innings for the side is
+closed. The other side now has its innings, and, _mutatis mutandis_, the
+game proceeds as before. Usually two innings on each side are played,
+unless one side makes more runs in one innings than the other makes in
+both, or unless it is agreed in advance to play a "one-innings match."
+
+So much for the matter-of-fact details of the game of cricket. To enter
+into the more interesting but less tangible combination of science,
+chance and skill to which cricket owes not a little of its fascination,
+would extend this article far beyond its assigned limits. The science of
+"length-balls" and "twisting lobs," the skill in "forward play" or "back
+play," the chances of "shooters" and "bailers," are balanced in a happy
+proportion, and to a cricketer form a tempting theme. But we must
+content ourselves by referring those disposed to pursue the subject to
+such books as _The Cricket Field_, _The Theory and Practice of Cricket_,
+_Felix on the Bat_, _Cricket Songs and Poems_, and to other similar English
+publications on the game, which are so numerous that if collected they
+would make quite a cricket library.
+
+Nor can we here refer to the incidental pleasures which a cricket-match
+affords independently of participation in the game itself. These are
+depicted, from a lady's point of view, by Miss Mitford in _Our
+Village_; where a pretty bit of romance is interwoven with a description
+of a country cricket-match, the very recollection of which draws from
+the graceful authoress this admission: "Though tolerably eager and
+enthusiastic at all times, I never remember being in a more delicious
+state of excitation than on the occasion of that cricket-match. Who
+would think that a little bit of leather and two pieces of wood had such
+a delightful and delighting power?"
+
+And this sentiment is echoed by scores of the fair spectators at our
+home matches. When, for example, during the last international match at
+Germantown, one of the English Gentlemen Eleven said to a lady, "We were
+told we should have a fine game at Philadelphia, but, really, I had no
+idea we should be honored by the presence of so many ladies," her reply
+expressed the sentiments of a numerous class: "Oh, I used to come to a
+match occasionally _pour passer le temps_. At first the cricket seemed
+to me more like a solemn ceremonial than real fun, but now that I
+understand the points I like the game for its own sake; and as for a
+match like this, I think it is perfectly lovely!" Another of the English
+Eleven--a handsome but modest youth--on being escorted to the grand
+stand and introduced to a party of ladies, became so abashed by
+unexpectedly finding himself in the midst of such a galaxy of beauties
+(and, as a matter of course, the conscious cynosure of all eyes) that,
+blushing to suffusion, and forgetting to lift his hat, he could only
+manage to stammer out, "Aw, aw--I beg pardon; but--aw--aw--I fancy
+there's another wicket down, and I must put on my guards, you know;"
+whereupon he beat a hasty retreat.[C]
+
+A game which has for centuries in England afforded healthful recreation
+to all classes must needs possess some value beyond that of mere
+physical exercise. Not that we would undervalue the latter advantage.
+Improvement in health usually keeps pace with improvement in cricket.
+Mr. Grace, the "champion cricketer of the world," is hardly less a
+champion of muscular physique: he sought in vain for a companion to walk
+to town, late at night, from the country-seat of the late Mr. Joshua
+Francis Fisher, where the cricketers, after a long day's play, had been
+entertained at dinner--a distance of more than ten miles. We heartily
+concur in the favorite advice of a physician, renowned alike for his
+social wit and professional wisdom, who prescribed "a rush of blood to
+the boots" to all professional patients and head-workers--men who,
+happening to possess brains, are prone to forget that they have bodies.
+In no way can this inverse apoplexy be more healthfully or pleasantly
+induced than by a jolly game of cricket. That the sport is adapted to
+American tastes and needs we are convinced, and that it may find a
+_habitat_ throughout the length and breadth of our land is an end toward
+which we launch this humble plea in its interest.
+
+Now we hardly expect all the readers of _Lippincott's Magazine_
+forthwith to become cricketers, but we venture to suggest, by way of
+moral, that some of them may take a hint from Mr. Winkle, who, when
+asked by Mr. Wardle, "Are you a cricketer?" modestly replied, "No, I
+don't play, _but I subscribe to the club here_."
+
+ALBERT A. OUTERBRIDGE.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[C] The following extract from the diary of Mr. Fitzgerald, captain of
+the English Gentlemen Eleven of 1872, has been published in England, and
+will be read with interest:
+
+"_Sept 21, 1872._ Philadelphia, seventh match. Lost the toss. Ground
+fair to the eye, and immense attendance. The bowling and fielding on
+both sides quite a treat to the spectators. Total for the English Twelve
+(first innings), 105. Not considered enough, but a good score against
+such bowling and fielding--quite first-class.
+
+"_Sept. 24._ Second innings. With but 33 to get, the Twelve looked sure
+of victory, but a harder fight was never yet seen. Bowling and fielding
+splendid; excitement increasing. Fall of Hadow--ringing cheers. Advent
+of Appleby--fracture of Francis. Seven down for 29. Frantic state of
+Young America. The English captain still cheerful, but puffing rather
+quickly at his pipe. Six 'maidens' at each end. The spell broken by
+splendid hit of 'the tormentor.'
+
+"This was the best and most closely-contested match of the campaign, and
+the scene presented at the finish would lose nothing in excitement and
+interest by comparison with 'Lord's' on a grand match-day."
+
+A book of _Transatlantic Cricket Notes_ has been announced in England as
+in preparation by Mr. Fitzgerald.
+
+
+
+
+OUR MONTHLY GOSSIP.
+
+
+IRISH AGENTS.
+
+The Irish papers mentioned a few months ago the death of Mr. Stuart
+Trench, whose _Realities of Irish Life_ excited so much attention three
+years ago. Mr. Trench was the most eminent of a class of men peculiar to
+Ireland, and growing out of the unfortunate condition of that country.
+He was an agent, which means overlooker and manager of the estates of
+absentee landlords.
+
+In England, except on very extensive properties, landlords do not employ
+an agent of this sort, and even where they do his duties are of a very
+different character. There the landlords, being nearly always in the
+country, if not on their estates, look after their business themselves,
+and have merely an overlooker, who does not occupy the position of a
+gentleman, to superintend and report to them what may be needful, whilst
+the rents are collected by a solicitor. This is the case in Scotland
+also.
+
+But in Ireland this would never do. Even where the landlord is resident
+he almost always has an agent, to save himself the great trouble which
+would otherwise be entailed on him, while to the non-resident an agent
+is imperatively necessary.
+
+Most Irish property is still subdivided into very small farms, and this
+is in itself a source of constant trouble. The tenants get into arrear
+or become hopelessly insolvent: they very often refuse to quit their
+holdings nevertheless, and have to be coaxed, bought or turned out, as
+the case may be; which several processes have to be accomplished by the
+agent. Then he is compelled to see in many cases that they don't exhaust
+the land by a repetition of the same crops, and in fact to superintend,
+either by himself or his sub-agents, in a hundred ways which would never
+be necessary in England, where the farms are large and their holders of
+a different class.
+
+He also represents the landlord socially, and is frequently the great
+man of the district, duly invested with magisterial and other county
+offices. The office of agent has therefore in Ireland had a high social
+standing, and agencies are eagerly sought by the younger sons of
+gentlemen, and even noblemen.
+
+There are three or four estates whose agencies are regarded as special
+prizes, and of these Mr. Trench held one, the marquis of Lansdowne's.
+That nobleman--who is descended from the ancient Fitzmaurices, earls of
+Kerry, and the celebrated _savant_ Mr. William Petty, who first surveyed
+Ireland, and took the opportunity of helping himself pretty freely to
+some very nice "tit-bits" as "refreshers" by the way--has a very
+extensive property in Queens county and the wild maritime county of
+Kerry, in which his ancestors were in bygone days a sort of kings.
+
+Probably Lord Lansdowne's agency was worth to Mr. Trench quite $5000 a
+year, equal in Kerry, where living is still very cheap, to $15,000 in
+New York City; and he had two or three other agencies in addition.
+
+On the smaller properties the agent is usually paid five per cent., on
+the large by fixed salary. The best agency of all is that of Lord
+Pembroke, who owns the most valuable portion of Dublin and a great deal
+of adjoining land.
+
+When the duties and risks of an agent are considered, he can by no means
+be regarded as highly paid. Very many agents have lost their lives, and
+others are exposed to continual danger. They are sometimes harsh,
+tyrannical and overbearing, but far less so now, when railroad, press
+and telegraph let light in upon all parts of the country, than formerly,
+when they were left to themselves, and as long as the rents were duly
+paid no heed was taken of their operations.
+
+To do an agent's work well great firmness and knowledge of the Irish
+character is required, and in some districts in the West a knowledge of
+the Irish language is very desirable and absolutely requisite.
+
+When an agency becomes vacant a proprietor receives innumerable
+applications for the vacant office, often from persons ludicrously
+ignorant of its duties. Thus, some time ago a seeker of such an office
+accompanied his application--he was a retired army officer--by a sketch
+of a sort of watch-tower whence he proposed to watch the tenantry, and
+fire upon them as occasion required! With few exceptions the agents on
+large estates are gentlemen bred to the business, whose fathers have
+been agents, and have thus early become initiated into the mysteries of
+the office.
+
+Many Irish landlords are, and still more used to be, very much in the
+hands of their agents, of whom they have borrowed money, and further
+depend on for support in elections. Instances are by no means wanting of
+men now holding high rank as country gentlemen whose fathers and
+grandfathers grew rich out of estates confided to them to manage by
+negligent, reckless landlords, who gradually fell completely into the
+meshes of their managers.
+
+
+RANDOM BIOGRAPHIES.
+
+JULIUS CAESAR. An ancient Roman of celebrity. He advertised to the effect
+that he had rather be first at Rome than second in a small village. He
+was a man of great muscular strength. Upon one occasion he threw an
+entire army across the Rubicon. A general named Pompey met him in what
+was called the "tented field," but Pompey couldn't hold a Roman candle
+to Julius. We are assured upon the authority of Patrick Henry that
+"Caesar had his Brutus." The unbiased reader of history, however, will
+conclude that, on the contrary, Brutus rather _had_ Caesar. This Brutus
+never struck me as an unpleasant man to meet, but he did Caesar. After
+addressing a few oral remarks to Brutus in the Latin language, Caesar
+expired. His subsequent career ceases to be interesting.
+
+JOHN PAUL JONES. An American naval commander who sailed the seas during
+the Revolution, with indistinct notions about gold lace or what he
+should fly at the main. He was fond of fighting. He would frequently
+break off in the middle of a dinner to go on deck and whip a British
+frigate. Perhaps he didn't care much about his meals. If so, he must
+have been a good _boarder_.
+
+LUCREZIA BORGIA. Daughter of old Mr. Borgia, a wealthy Italian
+gentleman. Lucrezia was one of the first ladies of her time. Beautiful
+beyond description, of brilliant and fascinating manners, she created an
+unmistakable sensation. It was a burning sensation. Society doted upon
+her. Afterward it anti-doted.
+
+BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. A philosopher and statesman. When a boy he associated
+himself with the development of the tallow-chandlery interest, and
+invented the Boston dip. He was lightning on some things, also a
+printer. He won distinction as the original _Poor Richard_, though he
+could not have been by any means so poor a Richard as McKean Buchanan
+used to be. Although born in Boston and living in Philadelphia, he yet
+managed to surmount both obstacles, and to achieve considerable note in
+his day. They show you the note in Independence Hall.
+
+MARK TWAIN. A humorous writer of the nineteenth century. As yet, I have
+not had the honor of his acquaintance, but when I do meet him I shall
+say something jocose. I know I shall. I have it. My plan will be to
+inveigle him into going over a ferry to "see a man." As we pass up the
+slip on the other side, I shall draw out my flask, impromptu-like, with
+the invitation, "Mark, my dear fellow, won't you take something?" He
+will decline, of course, or else he isn't the humorist I take him for. I
+shall then consider it my duty to urge him. Fixing my eye steadily upon
+him, so he can understand that I am terribly in earnest, I shall proceed
+to apostrophize that genial victim as follows:
+
+    "Take, I give it willingly,
+    For invisibly to thee,
+    Spirits, Twain, have crossed with me."
+
+Then I presume we shall go and "see a man."
+
+CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS. The man who discovered America two points off the
+port-bow. One day, in his garden, he observed an apple falling from its
+tree, whereupon a conviction flashed suddenly through his mind that the
+earth was round. By breaking the bottom of an egg and making it stand on
+end at the dinner-table, he demonstrated that he could sail due west and
+in course of time arrive at another hemisphere. He started a line of
+emigrant packets from Palos, Spain, and landed at Philadelphia, where he
+walked up Market street with a loaf of bread under each arm. The
+simple-hearted natives took him out to see their new Park. On his second
+voyage Columbus was barbarously murdered at the Sandwich Islands, or
+rather he would have been but for the intervention of Pocahontas, a
+lovely maiden romantically fond of distressed travelers. After this
+little incident he went West, where his intrepidity and masterly
+financial talent displayed itself in the success with which he acquired
+land and tobacco without paying for them. As the savages had no railroad
+of which they could make him president, they ostracized him--sent him to
+the island of St. Helena. But the spirit of discovery refused to be
+quenched, and the next year we find him landing at Plymouth Rock in a
+blinding snow-storm. It was here that he shot an apple from his son's
+head. To this universal genius are we indebted also for the exploration
+of the sources of the Nile, and for an unintelligible but
+correspondingly valuable scientific report of a visit to the valley of
+the Yellowstone. He took no side in our late unhappy war; but during the
+Revolution he penetrated with a handful of the _garde mobile_ into the
+mountain-fastnesses of Minnesota, where he won that splendid series of
+victories which, beginning with Guilford Court-house, terminated in the
+glorious storming of Chapultepec. Ferdinand and Isabella rewarded him
+with chains. Genoa, his native city, gave him a statue, and Boston has
+named in his honor one of her proudest avenues. One day he rushed naked
+from the bath, exclaiming, "Eureka!" and the presumption is that he was
+right. He afterward explained himself by saying that he cared not who
+made the laws of a people, so long as he furnished their ballots.
+Columbus was cruelly put to death by order of Richard III. of England,
+and as he walked to the scaffold he exclaimed to the throng that stood
+around him, "The world moves." The drums struck up to drown his words.
+Smiling at this little by-play, he adjusted his crimson mantle about him
+and laid his head upon the block. He then drank off the cup of hemlock
+with philosophic composure. This great man's life (which, by the way,
+was not insured) teaches the beautiful moral lesson that an excess of
+virtue is apt to be followed by a redundancy of happiness, and that he
+who would secure the felicity of to-day must disdain alike the
+evanescent shadows of yesterday and the intangible adumbrations of the
+morrow.
+
+S. Y.
+
+
+THE CRIES OF THE MARCHANDS.
+
+The other morning I was lying quietly in bed, waiting for the bonne to
+fetch my cafe noir, when a most extraordinary sound caught my ear. The
+cries of Paris marchands early in the morning are curious enough
+usually, but this one exceeded in quaintness all that I had heard since
+my arrival. Between the words "Chante, chante, Adrienne!" a horrible
+braying broke forth, resounding through our quiet faubourg in a manner
+which brought many a _bonnet de nuit_ to the windows. I got up to see
+what was the matter.
+
+"Chante, chante, Adrienne!" re-echoed again over the smooth asphalte.
+
+By this time a crowd of gamins--the gamins are always up, no matter how
+early--had gathered in the middle of the street around the object of the
+disturbance. It was a marchand of vegetables in a greasy blouse, leading
+an ass. There was a huge pannier on the ass's back full of kitchen
+vegetables, which the marchand was crying and praising to our sleepy
+faubourg. With an economy worthy of Silhouette, the scamp had taught
+Adrienne--for that was the beast's name--to bray every time he said
+"Pommes de terre, de terre--terre!" As often as he said this, or
+"Chante, Adrienne, chante!" Adrienne would switch her tail and _chante_
+lugubriously, setting the whole neighborhood in commotion. So adroitly
+had he trained the creature--with her thigh-bones sticking in peaks
+through her hide, and a visage of preternatural solemnity--that when her
+master but lifted his finger Adrienne would go through her part with
+admirable gravity, thus helping her lord to get his daily bread. I
+laughed till the bonne came with my coffee, and was glad to see the
+pannier gradually emptying as the grotesque procession defiled through
+our street, with a rear-guard of exhilarated urchins poking at poor meek
+Adrienne in a manner the most _mechant_. And so on they went till the
+peasant and his invaluable assistant were quite out of hearing.
+
+There is no end to the originality of the Parisians. If you but go to a
+kiosque to get a _Figaro_, the white-capped marchande has something
+clever to say. The rain, the air, the clouds, the sun are full of
+_esprit_ for her--are to her banques de France, upon which she has an
+unlimited credit--_credit fonder_, if you will, _credit mobilier_, or
+what not. The _conducteur_ who stands behind his omnibus and obligingly
+helps you in, says _Merci_! with an accent so exquisite that it is like
+wit or poetry or music, utterly throwing you into despair after your
+months and months of travail and dozens and dozens of louis lavished on
+incompetent professors.
+
+"Pronounce that for me, please," said I one day to a gentleman who had
+just spoken some word whose secret of pronunciation I had been trying to
+filch for weeks--some delicate little jewel of a word, faint as a
+perfume, expressive as only a tiny Parisian word can be--and he did so
+in the politest manner in the world, adding some little witticism which
+I do not recall. Whereupon I went home and instantly dismissed my
+"professor."
+
+But to return to our theme, the cries of the marchands. It would take a
+pen like Balzac's, as curiously versatile, as observant, as full of
+individual ink, to catch all the shades of these odd utterances. You may
+recollect as you lay in your sweet English bed in London, just as the
+fog was lifting over the great city early in the morning, the distinct
+individuality of the voices which, although you did not see their
+owners, told each its story of sunrise thrift and industry as it cried
+to you the early peas or the wood or the melons of the season. You may
+remember, too, how perplexing, how fantastic, many of those cries were,
+making it impossible for you to understand what they meant, or why a
+wood-huckster, for example, should give vent to such lachrymose
+sentimentality in vending his fagots. But quite different is the Paris
+marchand. With a physiognomy of voice--if the expression be
+pardoned--quite as marked as the cockney's, what he says is yet
+perfectly clear, often shrewd, gay, cynical, sometimes even spiced with
+jocularity, as if it were pure fun to get a living, and the world were
+all a holiday.
+
+Some years ago a marchand was in the habit of visiting our neighborhood
+whose specialty it was to vend _baguettes_, or small rods for beating
+carpets, tapestry and padded furniture. His cry was--"Voila des
+baguettes! Battez vos meubles, battez vos tapis, battez vos _femmes_
+pour UN sou!"
+
+It is said that as this gay chiffonnier went one morning by the
+fish-markets uttering this jocose cry, a squad of those formidable
+_poissardes_, the fishwomen of Paris, got after him, and administered a
+sound thrashing with his own baguettes. Such is the vengeance of the
+French-woman!
+
+But there is a curious pathos in many of these cries--queer searching
+tones which go to the heart and set one thinking; tones that come again
+in times of revolution, and gather into the terrible roar of the
+Commune. I sometimes wonder if they ever sell anything, those strange
+sad voices of the early morning struggling up from the street. They are
+the voices of Humanity on its mighty errand of bread and meat. Some
+dozen or so traverse our quarter through the day--some of feeble old
+women, full of sharp complaint; some of strong, quick-stepping men; some
+of little children with faint modest voices, as if unused to the cruel
+work of getting a living. It is these poor people who walk from
+Montmartre to Passy in the morning, and in the evening fish for drowned
+dogs or pick up corks along the canal of the Porte St. Martin. For a dog
+it is said they get a franc or two, and corks go at a few sous a
+hundred.
+
+Such is an inkling of the life-histories wafted through our summer
+windows by the voices of the street. Well, the sun is brilliant, the
+Champs are crowded with the world, the jewelers of the Palais Royal are
+driving a thriving trade, the great boulevards are margined by long
+lines of absinthe drinkers. Who cares? Only it is a little disagreeable
+in the early morning to have one's sleep broken by the pathos of life.
+Let us sleep well on our wine, and dine to-morrow at the Grand Hotel. We
+shall forget the misery of these patient voices which visit us with
+their prayer for subsistence every day.
+
+G. F.
+
+
+THE ANGEL HUSSAR.
+
+I think some of the best talks I have had in my life have been with
+chance companions on whom I have happened in the course of a roving
+life--sometimes in a restaurant, sometimes in the railroad-car or
+steamboat, and not unfrequently in the smoking-room of a hotel.
+
+If you have ever been in Dublin, you know Dawson street, and in Dawson
+street the Hibernian Hotel. I am not prepared to endorse all the
+arrangements of that hostelry, nor indeed of any other in that part of
+the United Kingdom called Ireland: I have suffered too much in them.
+Still, I will say that the Hibernian is to be praised for a really
+comfortable and handsome smoking-room, containing easy-chairs deservedly
+so called, and a capital collection of standard novels. One raw
+evening in the spring of 1871 I sauntered in, and found some
+gentlemanlike-looking fellows there, who proved pleasant company, and
+presently a remarkably _distingue_-looking young man, with an
+unmistakably military cut, came in and sat down near me. We fell to
+talking. He was quartered at the Curragh, and was up in Dublin _en
+route_ for the Newmarket spring meeting. He told me that he made some
+L700 a year by the turf. "I've a cousin, you see, who is a great
+sporting man, and thus I'm 'in with a stable,' and get put up to tips,"
+he said. "But for this the turf would be a very poor thing to dabble
+in." And this led to a talk about officers' lives and their
+money-affairs. "Oh," he said, "you've no notion of the number who go to
+utter grief. Why now, I'll tell you what happened to me last season in
+London. I was asked to go down and dine with some fellows at Richmond;
+and being awfully late, I rushed out of the club and hailed the first
+hansom I could see with a likely horse in Pall Mall. I scarcely looked
+at the man, but said, 'Now I want to get down to the Star and Garter by
+eight: go a good pace and I'll pay you for it.' Well, he had a stunning
+good horse, and we rattled away at a fine rate; and when I got out I was
+putting the money into his hand, when he said, 'Don't you know me,
+B----?' I looked up in amazement, and in another moment recognized a man
+whom I had known in India as the greatest swell in the ---- Hussars, the
+smartest cavalry corps in the service, and who, on account of his
+splendid face and figure, went by the sobriquet of 'the Angel Hussar.'
+
+"Well, it gave me quite a shock. 'Good Heavens, H----!' I said, 'what in
+the world does this mean?' 'Mean, old fellow? It means that I'd not a
+farthing in the world, and didn't want to starve. It's all my own cursed
+folly. I've made my bed, and must lie on it.' I pressed a couple of
+sovereigns into his hand, and made him promise to call on me next day.
+He came and gave me the details of his descent, the old story of
+course--wine and its alliterative concomitant, conjoined with utter
+recklessness." "Well, and could you help him?" "I'm glad to say I could.
+I got him the place of stud-groom to a nobleman in the south of
+Ireland: he's turned over a new leaf, is perfectly steady, and doing as
+well as possible."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+NOTES.
+
+There is an old story that Augustus, being once asked by a veteran
+soldier for his aid in a lawsuit, told the petitioner to go to a certain
+advocate. "Ah," replied the soldier, "it was not by proxy that I served
+you at Actium!" So struck, continues the tradition, was Augustus with
+this response, that he personally took charge of the soldier's cause,
+and gained it for him. Possibly it may be on the theory that his
+subjects "do not serve him by proxy" when he needs their services that
+the Austrian kaiser even to this day holds personal audiences with his
+people regarding their private desires or grievances. Evidently
+traditional, this custom is so singular as to merit a more general
+notice than it habitually receives: indeed, its existence might be
+doubted by the foreign reader, did not a Hungarian journal, _Der Osten_,
+furnish a detailed description of it. The only prerequisite to an
+audience would seem to be the lodging of the subject's name and rank
+with one of the emperor's secretaries, who thereupon appoints the day
+and hour for his appearance at the palace. If the emperor has been long
+absent from Vienna, his next audience-day is always a trying one, as the
+waiting-room is then crowded with hundreds of both sexes, and all ranks
+and ages. They are in ordinary dress, too, so that the imperial
+ante-chamber presents a motley and picturesque scene--the gold-broidered
+coat of the minister of state and the brilliant uniform of the army
+mingling with the citizen's plain frock, with the Tyrolean or Styrian
+hunter's jacket, with the _bunda_ of the Hungarian, with the long, fur
+lined linen overcoat of the Polish peasant; while the rustling silks of
+the elegant city lady are side by side with the plain woolen skirt of
+the farmer's wife. Each of these in regular turn, as written on the list
+from which he calls them, a staff-officer ushers into the emperor's
+study. There the petitioner states his case. The emperor listens
+without interruption, then receives the written statements and
+documents, sometimes asks a question, but generally dismisses the
+visitor with a simple formula of assurance that a decision will be duly
+rendered. There is evidently much form in the matter, as if it were but
+the empty perpetuation of some ancient ceremony designed to show that
+the monarch is the father of all his people, and hence is personally
+interested in their individual troubles. But yet it appears that the
+emperor _does_ listen to the harangues, for he is occasionally known to
+affix his initials to some documents; which act is always interpreted as
+a good sign, it being equivalent to a special recommendation to the
+secretaries, indicating that _prima facie_ the cause has seemed to the
+sovereign to be just. However, the precaution of a written statement is
+always taken, because it would be impossible for him to remember all the
+oral explanations. Only a few weeks after each of these audiences the
+suitors are individually notified of the result. The emperor's sense of
+etiquette does not allow him to give any sign of impatience during the
+interview, though some of the visitors are as long-winded and
+importunate as Mark Twain pretends to have been at one of President
+Grant's receptions. The emperor answers the German, Hungarian, Tzech,
+Croat or Italian each in the suitor's own tongue. It is quite possible
+that in the preliminary registry of the names and condition of suitors
+care is taken that the emperor shall not be subjected to too great
+annoyance from any abuse of this curious and interesting privilege.
+
+Among the canonizations of the past few months a notable place must be
+assigned to that of the beatified Benoit Labre. That he was faithful in
+doctrine needs hardly be said, but it was his manner of life which
+procured him this posthumous honor, in order that those who read of his
+career may rank him among those saints who, as in Tickell's line, have
+both "taught and led the way to heaven," and may seek to imitate his
+example. The decree of canonization, in reciting his characteristic
+virtues, says that though of very honorable birth, yet, scorning earthly
+things as dross, he clothed himself in rags, and ate and drank only what
+chanty gave him. His shelter was the Coliseum or the doorways or desert
+places of Rome. He washed not, neither did he yield to the effeminacy of
+the comb; his hair and nails grew to what length Nature wished: in short
+(for some of the additional details are better fancied than described),
+he so utterly neglected his person that he became an object of avoidance
+to many or all. But his neglected body was after death placed under a
+glass shrine in the church of the Madonna del Monti. The decree calls
+upon others to follow the example of the blessed Benoit, or at least as
+far as the measure of spiritual strength in each will allow; but we
+apprehend that many will modestly confess that the peculiar virtues of
+the saint are inimitable.
+
+
+
+
+LITERATURE OF THE DAY.
+
+
+Little Hodge. By the author of "Ginx's Baby." New York: Dodd & Mead.
+
+The pamphlet has changed since the days of Swift and Dr. Johnson, and
+the modern method, which seeks to influence opinion by means of a short,
+pointed story, is certainly a gain in persuasiveness and pictorial
+vigor. It is hard to say what the dean of Saint Patrick's would have
+thought of _The Battle of Dorking_, or _Ginx's Baby_, or _Lord Bantam_,
+or _Little Hodge_, by the author of the last two of these. The dean's
+ferocity of expression no modern writer can allow himself; and the
+engine of a tremendous intellect is by no means apparent, as it was in
+his work, behind the efforts of our modern pamphleteers. But the nerves
+of pity, when exquisitely touched, are as apt to influence action as the
+feelings of hate or scorn, and Swift's proposal, from the depths of his
+bleeding heart, to fat and eat the Irish children, was no more adapted
+to produce reformed legislation than is the picture in _Little Hodge_ of
+the ten deserted children starving under the thatch, the eldest girl
+frozen and pallid, the father shot by a gamekeeper, after having failed
+to support his motherless brood. Swift would have put in some matchless
+touches, but the picture seems adapted to our day of average, mechanical
+commonplace. It has a nerve of tenderness in it which will work upon the
+gentler souls of our communities. The father of _Little Hodge_ is
+represented as an honest field-laborer, working for Farmer Jolly at nine
+shillings a week. The birth of his manikin baby and the accompanying
+death of his wife increase his cares past bearing. He thereupon commits
+three crimes in succession: he applies to Jolly for an increase of pay,
+he joins the agrarian movement of a year ago, and he attempts to run
+away and find work elsewhere. He is inexorably, minutely and witheringly
+punished for these several acts, and at last gets his only chance of
+comfort in a violent death, leaving his poor problems unsolved and his
+children naked and starving. Such a picture, if drawn by a foreigner,
+would arouse English indignation from shore to shore; but it is
+home-drawn. The only foreign delineation is in the author's Jehoiachin
+Settle, a stage Yankee, whose avocation is planting English children in
+Canada after the manner of Miss Rye. Settle is a preposterous failure,
+but every other limb of the writer's argument is strong and operative.
+
+
+At His Gates. By Mrs. Oliphant. New York: Scribner, Armstrong & Co.
+
+The author of _Miss Marjoribanks_, who is said to keep writing first a
+good novel and then a poor novel in careful alternation, will leave her
+friends in some doubt as to which category she means her last story to
+be placed in, for it is impossible to call it poor, and
+conscience-rending to call it good. It is long, and depicts many
+persons, of whom only one, Mr. Burton's cynical wife, is at all
+original. Mr. Burton aforesaid, a pompous business-man, places "at his
+gates," just outside his villa walls, the widow of a man whom he has
+used as a catspaw. The catspaw was a guileless artist, whom Burton has
+tempted to take a directorship in his bank when the latter was about to
+break, he himself retiring in time. The poor painter, in despair, jumps
+into the water, and his wife, who is proud and aristocratic, is
+condemned to be the pensioner and neighbor of a vulgar villain, every
+favor from whom is a conscious insult. Presently the tables are turned.
+Whether the asphyxiated artist really comes undrowned again, and returns
+rich from America, nothing could persuade us to tell, as we disapprove
+of the premature revelation of plots. But the tiresome Burton, at any
+rate, is bound to come to grief, and his headstrong young daughter to
+run off with his partner in atrocity, a man as old as her father, and
+his wife to adapt her cold philosophy to a tiny house in the best part
+of London. There is one scene, worth all the rest of the book, where
+this lady tries to bargain with her son, whom she is really fond of, for
+a manifestation of his love: she is about to yield to his opinion that
+she should give up her own private settlement to the creditors of her
+ruined husband, and then, just as she is consenting to this sacrifice,
+not disinterestedly but maternally, the boy blurts out his passion for a
+_parvenu_ girl, the lost painter's daughter in fact--a rival whom he
+introduces to her in the moment of her supreme tenderness. She simply
+observes, "You have acted according to your nature, Ned--like the rest."
+If there were ten such chapters in the book as the one containing this
+scene, the novel would be something immortal, instead of what it
+is--railway reading of exceptional merit. It forms the first of a
+"Library of Choice Fiction" projected by Messrs. Scribner, Armstrong &
+Co., of which it forms a very encouraging standard of interest.
+
+
+Memoirs of Madame Desbordes-Valmore. By Sainte-Beuve. With a Selection
+from her Poems. Translated by Harriet W. Preston. Boston: Roberts
+Brothers.
+
+Sainte-Beuve, with whom the art of female biography seems to have died,
+and who has given us so many softly touched and profoundly understood
+portraits, is here engaged with one of his own personal friends and
+contemporaries. This is no study of a heroine long dead, and draped in
+the obsolete and winning costume of the Empire or the Revolution, but of
+an anxious woman concerned with the hardship and grime of our own day,
+"amid the dust and defilement of the city, on the highway, always in
+quest of lodgings, climbing to the fifth story, wounded on every angle."
+Only sympathy and a poetic touchstone could bring out the essence and
+sweetness of a nature so unhappily disguised; but Sainte-Beuve,
+discarding with a single gesture her penitential mask and hood, finds
+Madame Desbordes-Valmore "polished, gracious, and even hospitable,
+investing everything with a certain attractive and artistic air, hiding
+her griefs under a natural grace, lighted even by gleams of merriment."
+The poor details of her life he contrives to lose under a purposed
+artlessness of narrative and a caressing superfluity of loyal eulogy. We
+learn, however, that Mademoiselle Desbordes was born at Douai in 1786,
+and died in Paris in 1859. Daughter of a heraldic painter, the
+necessities of her family obliged her to make a voyage, as a child, to
+Guadeloupe, in the hope of receiving aid from a rich relative, and a
+little later to go upon the stage. In the provinces, and occasionally at
+Paris, she played in the role of _ingenue_ with an exquisite address,
+succeeding because such a part was really a natural expression of
+herself: she thus won the abiding friendship of the great Mars, who
+turned to the young comedienne a little-suspected and tender side of her
+own character. Mademoiselle Desbordes' artistic charm was infinite, and
+she controlled with innocent ease the fountain of tears, whitening the
+whole parterre with pocket-handkerchiefs when she appeared as the
+Eveline, Claudine and Eulalie of French sentimental drama. But she felt
+keenly the social ostracism which was still strong toward the stage of
+1800, and bewailed in her poetry the "honors divine by night allowed, by
+day anathematized." In 1817 she married an actor, M. Valmore, who
+subsequently disappeared into obscure official life, accepting with joy
+a position as catalogue-maker in the National Library. Her relatives,
+and even her eldest daughter, received small government favors, while
+her own little pension, when it came, was so distasteful that for a
+long time she could not bring herself to apply for the payments. She was
+a confirmed patriot, shrank from the favors of the throne, was ill for
+six weeks after Waterloo, and hailed with delight the revolution of '48,
+which for some time stopped her pension and impoverished her. After
+twenty years of the stage she retired into the greater privacy of
+literature, and published various collections of verse which struck a
+note of pure transparent sentiment rare in the epoch of Louis Philippe.
+She had, in an uncommon degree, the gift of intelligent admiration: her
+addresses to the great men of her time appear to be as far as possible
+from a spirit of calculation or self-interest, but they secured her an
+answering sympathy all the more valuable as it was never bargained for.
+Michelet said, "My heart is full of her;" Balzac wrote a drama at her
+solicitation; Lamartine, taking to himself a published compliment which
+she had intended for another, replied with twenty beautiful stanzas;
+Victor Hugo wrote to her, "You are poetry itself;" Mademoiselle Mars,
+when past the age of public favor, took from her the plain counsel to
+retire with kindness and actual thanks; Dumas wrote a preface for her;
+Madame Recamier obtained her pension; the brilliant Sophie Gay, now
+Madame Emile de Girardin, wrote of her poetry, "How could one depict
+better the luxury of grief?" M. Raspail, the austere republican, called
+her the tenth muse, the muse of virtue; and Sainte-Beuve himself,
+thinking less of her literary life than of her family life and manifold
+compassions, terms her the "Mater Dolorosa of poetry." His memoir,
+however, is valuable for its own grace as much as for the modest
+sweetness of its subject: without his friendly eloquence the name of
+Madame Desbordes-Valmore would not have got beyond a kind of personal
+circle of native admirers, nor the present translator have rendered for
+foreign ears the whispering story of her pure deeds and the plaintive
+numbers of her verse.
+
+
+Memoir of a Brother. By Thomas Hughes, Author of "Tom Brown's
+School-days." London: Macmillan & Co.
+
+Here is a book that was never meant to be dissected and analyzed by
+critics and reviewers. It is not hard to imagine the "discomfort and
+annoyance" which the writer has (he tells us) felt in consenting to
+give to the public a memoir compiled for a private family circle. Still,
+on the whole, it is altogether well, and there is good reason to call
+attention to it, for there is much benefit in the book for many readers.
+It is the loving record of a life that, from first to last, never
+challenged the world's attention--that was connected with no great
+movement or event, political, theological or social; but a life, all the
+same, that was lived with a truth, an earnestness and a straightness
+that won the affection and respect of all who came within its influence,
+and will, or we are much mistaken, glow warmly in the hearts and
+memories of just all whose eyes now light upon this story of it.
+
+How many boys--ay, and grown men and women too--got up from _Tom Brown's
+School-days_ consciously the better from the reading of it! But there
+was withal a vague feeling of incompleteness, an unsatisfied longing.
+The story left off too soon. One wanted to know more of Tom after his
+school-days. And then, it was, after all, a novel, a fiction. One would
+have liked to come across that Tom, and perhaps felt half afraid that he
+might not readily be found outside the cover of the volume. It is true
+that that longing to know something of the hero's after-life which is
+one accompaniment of the perusal of a thoroughly good work of fiction
+was, in the case of Tom Brown, partially gratified. Everybody had the
+chance of seeing _Tom Brown at Oxford_, and watching their old
+favorite's course through undergraduate days to that haven and final
+goal of fiction-writers, marriage. But there he is lost to view for good
+and all, and one is left to the amiable hypothesis that he lived happy
+all his days, without being either shown how he managed to do so, or
+taught how we might manage to do likewise.
+
+Now this _Memoir of a Brother_ may be said just to supply the want that
+we have here endeavored to indicate. It is the whole life--the child
+life, the school-boy life, the college life and the adult, responsible
+life in the world and as a family head--of a real flesh-and-blood,
+actualized Tom Brown; and it stands out depicted with an intense
+naturalness of coloring that charms one more than the laborious effects
+of imaginative biography.
+
+George Hughes, the subject of the memoir before us, was the eldest son
+of a Berkshire squire, and little more than a year older than his
+brother and biographer. Very pleasant is the glimpse of child life in an
+English county forty years ago that is given in the story of his first
+years. From the first he showed the calm fearlessness, the practicality
+and the helpfulness which seem to have been among his most prominent
+characteristics. These qualities, and with them a rigorous
+conscientiousness, a sensitive unselfishness, and--no trifling advantage
+in these or any other days--a splendid _physique_, he took with him, and
+preserved alike unaltered, through Rugby, Oxford and after years. Little
+wonder that the possessor of such gifts became a Sixth-form boy and
+football captain at his public school, and achieved boating and
+cricketing successes, an honorable degree, and the repute of being the
+most popular man of his day at the university. Most people who take an
+interest in boat-racing, and many who do not, have heard of that famous
+race upon the Thames at Henley, in which a crew of _seven_ Oxford
+oarsmen snatched victory from a (not _the_) Cambridge "eight;" but not
+everybody knows--for the feat was done now thirty years ago, and names
+are lost while the memory of a fact survives--that George Hughes pulled
+the stroke-oar of that plucky seven-oared boat.
+
+Oxford days over, and after a three-years' spell of private tutoring--a
+not uncommon temporary resort of English graduates while they are making
+up their minds as to what profession or business to take up for life--we
+find George Hughes settled in London, reading law in Doctors' Commons.
+By this time his biographer, who has been close by his side, and
+following his lead in work and play, through all the years of school and
+college life, is at work in London too, and the two brothers are again
+together under one roof. The similarity, one may almost say
+identicality, of the circumstances of their bringing up might, but that
+such things, luckily, don't always go by rule, have led one to expect to
+find in them, now full-grown and thoughtful men, something like a
+coincidence of sympathies and opinions. Nothing of the sort. George is
+by temperament and conviction a Tory of the kindly, old-fashioned
+school: his younger brother has become an advanced Liberal, an
+enthusiastic promoter of workingmen's associations, and a leading
+spirit among the so-called Christian Socialists. Needless to add that,
+though never for one moment sundered one from the other in heart or
+affection by differences of opinion, the two could not work together in
+this field. Downright, practical George has his objections, and states
+them. Listen: "'You don't want to divide other people's property?' 'No.'
+'Then why call yourselves Socialists?' 'But we couldn't help ourselves:
+other people called us so first.' 'Yes, but you needn't have accepted
+the name. Why acknowledge that the cap fitted?' 'Well, it would have
+been cowardly to back out. We borrow the ideas of these Frenchmen, of
+association as opposed to competition, as the true law of industry and
+of organizing labor--of securing the laborer's position by organizing
+production and consumption--and it would be cowardly to shirk the name.
+It is only fools who know nothing about the matter, or people interested
+in the competitive system of trade, who believe or say that a desire to
+divide other people's property is of the essence of Socialism.' 'That
+may be very true, but nine-tenths of mankind, or, at any rate, of
+Englishmen, come under one or the other of these categories. If you are
+called Socialists, you will never persuade the British public that this
+is not your object. There was no need to take the name. You have weight
+enough to carry already, without putting that on your shoulders.... The
+long and short of it is, I hate upsetting things, which seems to be your
+main object. You say that you like to see people discontented with
+society as it is, and are ready to help to make them so, because it is
+full of injustice and abuses of all kinds, and will never be better till
+men are thoroughly discontented. I don't see these evils so strongly as
+you do, don't believe in heroic remedies, and would sooner see people
+contented, and making the best of society as they find it. In fact, I
+was bred and born a Tory, and I can't help it.'" However, our biographer
+tells us, "he (George) continued to pay his subscription, and to get his
+clothes at our tailors' association till it failed, which was more than
+some of our number did, for the cut was so bad as to put the sternest
+principles to a severe test. But I could see that this was done out of
+kindness to me, and not from sympathy with what we were doing."
+
+After a few years of law-work in the ecclesiastical courts, the call of
+a domestic duty took George Hughes--not, one may well imagine, without a
+severe struggle--from the active practice of his profession, and bade
+him be content thenceforward with home life. Idle or inactive of course
+a man of prime mental and bodily vigor could not be. The violoncello,
+farming, volunteering, magistrate's work, getting up laborers'
+reading-rooms and organizing Sunday evening classes for the big boys in
+his village, gave outlets enough for his superfluous energies. And
+meanwhile he was now become a pater-familias, and had boys of his own to
+send to Rugby, and to encourage and advise in their school-life by
+letters which--and it is paying them a high compliment to say so--are
+almost as good as those which his father had, thirty years before,
+addressed to him at the same place. It is impossible to overestimate the
+advantage to a school-boy of having a father who can appreciate and
+sympathize with boyish thoughts and aims, and knows how to use his
+natural mentorship wisely. We shall be much surprised if readers do not
+find the letters from George's father to him, and his to his own boys,
+among the most attractive parts of this book. Like most men who care
+heartily for anything, George Hughes always continued to feel a strong
+interest in public affairs, though circumstances had "counted him out of
+that crowd" who do the outside working of them. He had a considerable
+gift of rhyming, and that incident of the ex-prince imperial's "baptism
+of fire" with which the late Franco-Prussian war opened drew from him
+some vigorously indignant lines. Here are a few of them:
+
+    By! baby Bunting,
+    Daddy's gone a-hunting,
+    Bath of human blood to win,
+    To float his baby Bunting in,
+                  By, baby Bunting,
+
+    What means this hunting?
+    Listen, baby Bunting--
+    Wounds--that you may sleep at ease,
+    Death--that you may reign in peace,
+                  Sweet baby Bunting.
+
+    Yes, baby Bunting!
+    Jolly fun is hunting.
+    Jacques in front shall bleed and toil,
+    You in safety gorge the spoil,
+                  Sweet baby Bunting.
+
+    Perpend, my small friend,
+    After all this hunting,
+    When the train at last moves on,
+    Daddy's gingerbread _salon_
+                  May get a shunting.
+
+It is not our place here to do more than record how that suddenly, in
+the early summer of last year, the true strong man was struck down by
+inflammation of the lungs and passed away. What the loss must be to all
+whom his influence touched the pages before us sufficiently attest. It
+is perhaps well, though, that no life can be faithfully lived in the
+world without leaving such sore legacies of loss behind it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+_Books Received._
+
+The Relation of the Government to the Telegraph; or, a Review of the Two
+Propositions now Pending before Congress for Changing the Telegraphic
+Service of the Country. By David A. Wells. With Appendices. New York.
+
+The Country Physician. An Address upon the Life and Character of the
+late Dr. Frederick Dorsey. By John Thomson Mason. Second edition.
+Baltimore: William K. Boyle.
+
+Addresses delivered on Laying the Cornerstone of an edifice for the
+Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, October 30, 1872.
+Philadelphia: Collins.
+
+Mysteries of the Voice and Ear. By Prof. O. N. Rood, Columbia College,
+New York. With Illustrations. New Haven: C. C. Chatfield & Co.
+
+The Poems of Henry Timrod. Edited, with a Sketch of the Poet's Life, by
+Paul H. Hayne. New York: E. J. Hale & Son.
+
+Modern Leaders: Being a Series of Biographical Sketches. By Justin
+McCarthy. New York: Sheldon & Co.
+
+The Complete Poetical Works of John Greenleaf Whittier. Household
+edition. Boston: J. R. Osgood & Co.
+
+The Earth a Great Magnet. By Alfred Marshal Mayer, Ph. D. New Haven:
+C. C. Chatfield & Co.
+
+The Two Ysondes, and Other Verses. By Edward Ellis. London: Basil
+Montagu Pickering.
+
+Jesus, the Lamb of God. By Rev. E. Payson Hammond. Boston: Henry Hoyt.
+
+Social Charades and Parlor Operas. By M. T. Calder. Boston: Lee &
+Shepard.
+
+The Yale Naught-ical Almanac for 1873. New Haven: C. C. Chatfield & Co.
+
+Julia Reid: Listening and Led By Pansy. Boston: Henry Hoyt.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Lippincott's Magazine, Volume 11, No.
+26, May, 1873, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LIPPINCOTT'S MAGAZINE ***
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