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diff --git a/23023.txt b/23023.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9a598c7 --- /dev/null +++ b/23023.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3470 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 201, September 3, +1853, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 201, September 3, 1853 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: October 13, 2007 [EBook #23023] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{213} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + * * * * * + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 201.] +SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 3. 1853. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- + Page + "That Swinney" 213 + + Monumental Inscription in Peterborough Cathedral, by + Thos. Wake 215 + + FOLK LORE:--Superstition of the Cornish Miners-- + Northamptonshire Folk Lore 215 + + Shakspeare Correspondence 216 + + MINOR NOTES:--Lemon-juice administered in Gout + and Rheumatism--Weather Proverbs--Dog Latin--Thomas + Wright of Durham--A Funeral Custom 217 + + QUERIES:-- + + Littlecott--Sir John Popham, by Edward Foss 218 + + Early Edition of the New Testament, by A. Boardman 219 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Ravilliac--Emblem on a Chimney-piece-- + "To know ourselves diseased," &c.--"Paetus + and Arria"--Heraldic Query--Lord Chancellor + Steele--"A Tub to the Whale"--Legitimation (Scotland)-- + "Vaut mieux," &c.--Shakspeare First Folio-- + The Staffordshire Knot--Sir Thomas Elyot-- + "Celsior exsurgens pluviis," &c.--The Bargain Cup-- + School-Libraries.--Queen Elizabeth and her + "true" Looking-glass--Bishop Thomas Wilson-- + Bishop Wilson's Works--Hobbes, Portrait of 219 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Brasenose, Oxford-- + G. Downing--Unkid--Pilgrim's Progress--John + Frewen--Histories of Literature--"Mrs. Shaw's + Tombstone" 221 + + REPLIES:-- + + Cranmer and Calvin, by the Rev. H. Walter 222 + + Barnacles, by Sir J. E. Tennent and T. J. Buckton 223 + + Dial Inscriptions, by Cuthbert Bede, B.A. 224 + + The "Saltpeter Maker" 225 + + Tsar, by T. J. Buckton, &c. 226 + + "Land of Green Ginger," by John Richardson and + T. J. Buckton 227 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Stereoscopic Angles-- + Protonitrate of Iron--Photographs in natural + Colours--Photographs by artificial Lights 227 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Vandyke in America-- + Title wanted: Choirochorographia--Second Growth + of Grass--Snail-eating--Sotades--The Letter "h" + in "humble"--Lord North--Singing Psalms and + Politics--Dimidiation by Impalement--"Inter + cuncta micans," &c.--Marriage Service--Widowed + Wife--Pure--Mrs. Tighe--Satirical Medal--"They + shot him dead at the Nine-Stone Rig"--Hendericus + du Booys: Helena Leonore de Sieveri--House-marks, + &c.--"Qui facit per alium, facit per se"-- + Engin-a-verge--Campvere, Privileges of--Humbug: + Ambages--"Going to Old Weston"--Reynolds's + Nephew--The Laird of Brodie--Mulciber--Voiding + Knife--Sir John Vanbrugh--Portrait of Charles I.-- + Burial in an erect Posture--Strut-Stowers and + Yeathers or Yadders--Arms of the See of York-- + Leman Family--Position of Font 228 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, &c. 234 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 234 + + Notices to Correspondents 234 + + Advertisements 235 + + * * * * * + + +Notes. + +"THAT SWINNEY." + +Junius thus wrote to H. S. Woodfall in a private note, to which Dr. Good +has affixed the date July 21st, 1769 (vol. i. p. 174.*) + + "That Swinney is a wretched but dangerous fool. He had the impudence to + go to Lord G. Sackville, whom he had never spoken to, and to ask him + whether or no he was the author of Junius: take care of him." + +This paragraph has given rise to a great deal of speculation, large +inferences have been drawn from it, yet no one has satisfactorily answered +the question, who was "that Swinney?" + +That neither Dr. Good nor Mr. George Woodfall, the editors of the edit. of +1812, knew anything about him, is manifest from their own bald note of +explanation, "A correspondent of the printers." Some reports say that he +was a collector of news for the _Public Advertiser_, and subsequently a +bookseller at Birmingham, but I never saw any one fact adduced tending to +show that there was any person of that name so employed. Others that the +Rev. Dr. Sidney Swinney was the party referred to: and Mr. Smith, in his +excellent notes to the _Grenville Papers_, vol. iii. p. lxviii., _assumes_ +this to be the fact. I incline to agree with him, but have only inference +to strengthen conjecture. What may be the value of that inference will +appear in the progress of this inquiry, Who was Dr. Sidney Swinney? + +Reports collected by Mr. Butler, Mr. Barker, Mr. Coventry, and others, say +that the Doctor had been chaplain to the Russian Embassy, chaplain to the +Embassy at Constantinople, and chaplain to one of the British regiments +serving in Germany. Mr. Falconer, in his _Secret Revealed_, p. 22., quotes +a paragraph from one of Wray's letters to Lord Hardwick with reference to +the proceedings at the Royal Society: + + "Dr. Swinney, your Lordship's friend, presented his father-in-law + Howell's book." + +Swinney's father-in-law, here called Howell, was John Zephaniah Holwell, a +remarkable man, whose name is intimately associated with the early history +of British India, one of the few survivors of the Black Hole imprisonment, +the successor of {214} Clive as governor, and a writer on many subjects +connected with Hindoo antiquities. Swinney enrols him amongst his heroes, + + "Holwell, Clive, York, Lawrence, Adams, Coote, + Of Draper, Bath-strung for his baffled suit." + +And he refers, in a note, to those + + "Ungrateful monsters (heretofore in a certain trading company), who + have endeavoured to vilify and sully one of the brightest characters + that ever existed." + +I learn farther, from a volume of _Fugitive Pieces_, published by Dr. +Swinney, that he was the son of Major Mathew Swinney, whom after his +flourishing fashion he calls on another occasion "Mathew Swinney of +immortal memory;" from one of his dedications that the Doctor himself was +educated at Eton; from the books of the Royal Society that he was of Clare +Hall, Cambridge; from dates and dedications, that from 1764 to 1768, he was +generally resident at Scarborough; and from the _Gentleman's Magazine_, +that he died there 12th November, 1783. + +That Swinney had been chaplain to the Russian Embassy I have no reason to +believe; but that he had been in the East for a time, possibly as chaplain +to the Embassy at Constantinople, is asserted in the brief biographical +notice in the _Gentleman's Magazine_, and would _seem to be proved_ by a +work which he published in 1769, called-- + + "A Tour through some parts of the Levant: in which is included An + Account of the Present State of the Seven Churches in Asia. Also a + brief Explanation of the Apocalypse. By Sidney Swinney, D.D." + +Nothing, however, can be inferred from a title-page of Swinney's. Here we +have two or three distinct works referred to:--_A Tour_, including "An +Account of the Seven Churches," and the "Explanation of the Apocalypse." +Now I must direct attention to the fact, that from the peculiar punctuation +and phraseology--the full-stop after Asia in this title-page--it may have +been Swinney's intention to indicate, without asserting, that the Account +of the Apocalypse _only_ was by Sidney Swinney. If so, though Swinney's +name alone figures in the title-page of the work, he is responsible only +for one or two notes! + +I would not have written conjecturally on this subject if I could have +avoided it; but though Swinney was a F.A.S. F.R.S., and though the work is +dedicated to the Fellows of those Societies, no copy of it is to be found +in the libraries of either, or in the British Museum. I cannot, therefore, +be sure that my own copy is perfect. What that copy contains is thus set +forth in half a dozen lines of introduction: + + "Before I [S. S.] enter upon the more important part of my dissertation + [The Explanation of the Apocalypse], it may not be improper to give you + some account of the present state of the Seven Churches in Asia, as + they are, _which was communicated to me_ by a certain _friend of mine_, + in the description of a short tour which _he_ made through the + principal parts of the Levant: should they be accompanied with a few + casual notes _of my own_, I trust the work will not be less acceptable + to you on that account." + +It must be obvious, after this declaration, that the _Tour_ set forth so +conspicuously in the title-page, was not written by Swinney. Now the +"Itinerary" which follows is advowedly "wrote by _the author of the +preceding account_," and this brings the reader and the work itself to "The +End!" + +The truth I suspect to have been this:--Swinney was not prudent and was +poor, and raised money occasionally, after the miserable fashion of the +time, by publishing books on subscription, and receiving subscriptions in +anticipation of publication. + +About this time, from 1767 to 1769, he published a _Sermon_; _The Ninth +Satire of Horace_, a meaningless trifle of a hundred lines, swollen, by +printing the original and notes, into a quarto; a volume of _Fugitive +Pieces_; and the first canto of _The Battle of Minden, a Poem in three +Books, enriched with critical Notes by Two Friends, and with explanatory +Notes by the Author_. Of the latter work, as of the _Tour_, I have never +seen but one copy, a splendid specimen of typography, splendidly bound, +containing the first and second canto. Whether the third canto was ever +published is to me doubtful; some of your correspondents may be able to +give you information. My own impression is that it was not, and for the +following reasons. + +Swinney, it appears, had received subscriptions for the work, and promised +in his prospectus _a plan of the battle_, and _portraits_ of the heroes, +which the work does not contain. "However, to make some little amends" to +his "generous subscribers," Swinney announces his intention to present them +with "_three_ books instead of _one_." + +The first book is dedicated to Earl Waldegrave, who commanded "the six +British regiments of infantry" on the "ever memorable 1st August, 1759," +and a note affixed states that "Book the Second" will be published on 1st +January, and "Book the Third" on 1st of August. + +But the public, as Swinney says, were kept "in suspense" almost three years +for the second book, which was not published until 1772; and in the +dedication of this second book, also to Earl Waldegrave, Swinney says: + + "Doubtless many of my subscribers have thought me very unmindful of the + promise I made them in my printed proposal, in which I undertook to + publish my poem out of hand. Ill health has been the sole cause of my + disappointing their expectations. A fever of the nerves ... for these + four years, has rendered me incapable.... In my original proposals I + undertook to publish this work in two books. [In the introduction he + says, as I have just quoted, _one_ book.] Poetical {215} matter hath + increased upon me to such a degree, in the genial climate of Languedoc, + as to have enabled me to compose several more books on this interesting + subject, all which I purpose presenting my subscribers with at the + original price of half a guinea.... Many months ago this Second Book + was printed off; but on my arrival in town from Montauban (whither I + purpose to return), I found there were so many faults and blunders in + it throughout, that I was under the necessity of condemning five + hundred copies to the inglorious purpose of defending pye bottoms from + the dust of an oven.... Profit, my Lord, has not been my motive for + publishing: if it had, I should be egregiously disappointed, for + instead of gaining I shall be a considerable loser by the publication; + and yet many of my subscribers have _given me four, five, and six times + over and above the subscription-price for my Poem. How even the + remaining books will see the light must depend entirely upon my + pecuniary, not my poetical abilities_. The work is well nigh completed; + but not one solitary brother have I throughout the airy regions of Grub + Street who is poorer than I. It is not impossible, however, but when + _some of my partial friends shall know this_, they may _enable me by + their bounty_ to publish out of hand." + +This leads me to doubt whether the third book was ever published, for I +think the most "partial" of his friends--those who had given "four, five, +and six times over and above the subscription price"--must have had enough +in two books. If it were not published, it is a curious fact that, in a +poem called _The Battle of Minden_, the battle of Minden is not mentioned; +though not more extraordinary perhaps than the omissions of the +"Explanation of the Apocalypse" in his previous work. + +I come now to the question, Why did Junius speak so passionately and +disrespectfully of Swinney, and what are the probabilities that Swinney had +never before (July) 1769 spoken to Lord G. Sackville? These I must defer +till next week. + +T. S. J. + + * * * * * + +MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTION IN PETERBOROUGH CATHEDRAL. + +The following Notes occur on a fly-leaf at the end of a copy of Gunton's +_History of Peterborough Cathedral_, and appear to have been written soon +after that book was printed: + + "Among other things omitted in this history, I cannot but take notice + of one ancient inscription upon a tomb in y^e body of the church, + written in old Saxon letters, as followeth: + + [Cross] 'WS : KI : PAR : CI : PASSEZ : PVR : LE : ALME : ESTRAVNGE : DE + : WATERVILLE : PRIEZ.' + + "This inscription may seem to challenge some relation to William de + Waterville, one of the abbots of this church. (See p. 23.)" + + "On Sennour Gascelin de Marrham's tomb, mentioned p. 94., these letters + seem to be still legible: + + 'CI : GIST : EDOVN : GASCELIN : SENNOVR : DE MARRHAM : IADIS : DE : RI + : ALM.. ^{DI} EV EST MERCIS : PATER : NOSTER.'" + + "In St. Oswald's Chapel, on y^e ground round the verge of a stone: + + 'HIC IACET COR.... ROBERTI DE SVTTON ABBATIS ISTIVS MONASTERII CVIVS + ANIMA REQVIESCAT IN PACE. AMEN.'" + + "In y^e churchyard is this inscription: + + [Cross] 'ANA IOANNIS DE S[=C]O IVONE QVO[=A] P[IO]RIS PMA [=A] M + [=D]IIII PACE REQVIESCAT. AMEN.' + + "This may probably relate to Ivo, sub-prior of this monastery, whose + anniversary was observed in y^e Kalends of March. (See page 324. of + this book.)" + + "In y^e churchyard: + + 'Joannes Pocklington, S. S. Theologiae doctor, obiit + Nov. 14, A. D^i. 1642.' + + 'Anne Pocklington, 1655.' + + 'Mary, y^e wife of John Towers, late Lord Bp. of + Peterborough, dyed Nov. 14, A.D. 1672.' + + 'Quod mori potuit praestantissimae foeminae + Compton Emery + Filiae Joannis Towers S. T. P. + Hujus Ecclesiae quondam Episcopi + Viduae Roberti Rowell LL. D. + Nec non charissimae conjugis + Richardi Emery Gen: + In hoc tumulo depositum: Feb. 4. + A^o AEtatis 54, + A^o Domini 1683.'" + +A marginal note states that "The Chapter-house and Cloyster sold in 1650 +for 800l., to John Baker, Gent., of London." + +H. THOS. WAKE. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Superstition of the Cornish Miners_ (Vol. viii., p. 7.).--I cannot find +the information desired by your correspondent in the Cornish antiquaries, +and have in vain consulted other works likely to explain this tradition; +but the remarks now offered will perhaps be interesting in reference to the +_nation_ alluded to. The Carthaginians being of the same race, manners, and +religion as the Phoenicians, there are no particular data by which we can +ascertain the time of their first trading to the British coast for the +commodity in such request among the traders of the East. The genius of +Carthage being more martial than that of Tyre, whose object was more +commerce than conquest, it is not improbable that the former might by force +of arms have established a settlement in the Cassiterides, and by this +means have secured that monopoly of tin which the Phoenicians and their +colonies indubitably enjoyed for several centuries. Norden, in his +_Antiquities of Cornwall_, mentions it as a tradition universally received +by the inhabitants, that their tin mines were formerly wrought by the Jews. +He adds that these old works are there at this day called Attal Sarasin, +the ancient {216} cast-off works of the Saracens, in which their tools are +frequently found. Miners are not accustomed to be very accurate in +distinguishing traders of foreign nations, and these Jews and Saracens have +probably a reference to the old merchants from Spain and Africa; and those +employed by them might possibly have been Jews escaped the horrors of +captivity and the desolation which about that period befel their country. + + "The Jews," says Whitaker (_Origin of Arianism_, p. 334.), "denominated + themselves, and were denominated by the Britons of Cornwall, + _Saracens_, as the genuine progeny of Sarah. The same name, no doubt, + carried the same reference with it as borne by the genuine, and as + usurped by the spurious, offspring of Abraham." + +BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. + +_Northamptonshire Folk Lore_ (Vol. vii., p. 146.).--In Norfolk, a ring made +from nine sixpences freely given by persons of the opposite sex is +considered a charm against epilepsy. I have seen nine sixpences brought to +a silversmith, with a request that he would make them into a ring; but +131/2d. was not tendered to him for making, nor do I think that any +threehalfpences are collected for payment. After the patient had left the +shop, the silversmith informed me that such requests were of frequent +occurrence, and that he supplied the patients with thick silver rings, but +never took the trouble to manufacture them from the sixpences. + +A similar superstition supposes that the sole of the left shoe of a person +of the same age, but opposite sex, to the patient, reduced to ashes is a +cure for St. Anthony's fire. I have seen it applied with success, but +suppose its efficacy is due to some astringent principle in the ashes. + +E. G. R. + + * * * * * + +SHAKSPEARE CORRESPONDENCE. + +_On Two Passages in Shakspeare._--Taking up a day or two since a Number of +"N. & Q.," my attention was drawn to a new attempt to give a solution of +the difficulty which has been the torment of commentators in the following +passage from the Third Act of _Romeo and Juliet_: + + "Gallop apace, you fiery-footed steeds, + Towards Phoebus' mansion; such a waggoner + As Phaeton would whip you to the West, + And bring in cloudy night immediately.-- + Spread thy close curtain, love-performing Night, + That _runaways'_ eyes may wink, and Romeo + Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen." + +"Runaways'" being a manifest absurdity, the recent editors have substituted +"unawares," an uncouth alteration, which, though it has a glimmering of +sense, appears to me almost as absurd as the word it supplies. In this +dilemma your correspondent MR. SINGER ingeniously suggests the true reading +to be,-- + + "That _rumourers'_ eyes may wink, and Romeo + Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen." + +No doubt this is a felicitous emendation, though I think it may be fairly +objected that a rumourer, being one who deals in what he hears, as opposed +to an observer, who reports what he sees, there is a certain +inappropriateness in speaking of a rumourer's eyes. Be this as it may, I +beg to suggest another reading, which has the merit of having spontaneously +occurred to me on seeing the word "runaways'" in your correspondent's +paper, as if obviously suggested by the combination of letters in that +word. I propose that the passage should be read thus: + + "Spread thy close curtain, love-performing Night, + That _rude day's_ eyes may wink, and Romeo + Leap to these arms, untalk'd of and unseen." + +A subsequent reference to Juliet's speech has left no doubt in my mind that +this is the true reading, and so obviously so, as to make it a wonder that +it should have been overlooked. She first asks the "fiery-footed steeds" to +bring in "cloudy night," then night to close her curtain (that day's eyes +may wink), that darkness may come, under cover of which Romeo may hasten to +her. In the next two lines she shows why this darkness is propitious, and +then, using an unwonted epithet, invokes night to give her the opportunity +of darkness: + + "Come, _civil_ night, + Thou sober suited matron all in black, + And learn me how to lose a winning game," &c. + +The peculiar and unusual epithet "civil," here applied to night, at once +assured me of the accuracy of the proposed reading, it having evidently +suggested itself as the antithesis of "rude" just before applied to day; +the civil, accommodating, concealing night being thus contrasted with the +unaccommodating, revealing day. It is to be remarked, moreover, that as +this epithet _civil_ is, through its ordinary signification, brought into +connexion with what precedes it, so is it, through its unusual meaning of +_grave_, brought into connexion with what follows, it thus furnishing that +equivocation of sense of which our great dramatist is so fond, rarely +missing an opportunity of "paltering with us in a double sense." + +I think, therefore, I may venture to offer you the proposed emendation as +rigorously fulfilling all the requirements of the text, while at the same +time it necessitates a very trifling literal disturbance of the old +reading, since by the simple change of the letters _naw_ into _ded_, we +convert "runaways'" into "rude day's," of which it was a very easy +misprint. + +Having offered you an emendation of my own, I cannot miss the opportunity +of sending you {217} another, for which I am indebted to a critical student +of Shakspeare, my friend Mr. W. R. Grove, the Queen's Counsel. In _All's +Well that ends Well_, the third scene of the Second Act opens with the +following speech from Lafeu: + + "They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical persons to + make modern and familiar things, supernatural and causeless. Hence is + it that we make trifles of terrors; ensconcing ourselves in a seeming + knowledge when we should submit ourselves to an unknown fear." + +On reading this passage as thus printed, it will be seen that the two +sentences of which it is composed are in direct contradiction to each +other; the first asserting that we have philosophers who give a causeless +and supernatural character to things ordinary and familiar: the second +stating as the result of this, "that we make trifles of terrors," whereas +the tendency would necessarily be to make "terrors of trifles." The +confusion arises from the careless pointing of the first sentence. By +simply shifting the comma at present after "things," and placing it after +"familiar," the discrepancy between the two sentences disappears, as also +between the two members of the first sentence, which are now at variance. +It should be pointed thus: + + "They say miracles are past; and we have our philosophical persons to + make modern and familiar, things supernatural and causeless." + +It is singular that none of the editors should have noticed this defect, +which I have no doubt will hereafter be removed by the adoption of a simple +change, that very happily illustrates the importance of correct +punctuation. + +R. H. C. + +_Shakspeare's Skull_.--As your publication has been the medium of many +valuable comments upon Shakspeare, and interesting matter connected with +him, I am induced to solicit information, if you will allow me, on the +following subject. I have the _Works of Shakspeare_, which being in one +volume 8vo., I value as being more portable than any other edition. It was +published by Sherwood without any date affixed, but probably about 1825. +There is a memoir prefixed by Wm. Harvey, Esq., in which, p. xiii., it is +stated that while a vault was being made close to Shakspeare's, when Dr. +Davenport was rector, a young man perceiving the tomb of Shakspeare open, +introduced himself so far within the vault that he could have brought away +the skull, but he was deterred from doing so by the anathema inscribed on +the monument, of-- + + "Curs'd be he that moves my bones." + +This is given upon the authority of Dr. Nathan Drake's work on Shakspeare, +in two vols. 4to. Now in this work much is given which is copied into the +memoir, but I do not there find this anecdote, and perhaps some reader of +"N. & Q." may supply this deficiency, and state where I may find it. I may +be allowed to state, that Pope's skull was similarly stolen and another +substituted. + +I annex Wheler's remark that no violation of the grave had, up to the time +of his work, taken place. + + "Through a lapse of nearly two hundred years have his ashes remained + undisturbed, and it is to be hoped no sacrilegious hand will ever be + found to violate the sacred repository."--_History of + Stratford-upon-Avon_, by R. B. Wheler (circa 1805?), 8vo. + +A SUBSCRIBER. + +_On a Passage in "Macbeth."_--MR. SINGLETON (Vol. vii., p. 404.) says, +"Vaulting ambition, that _o'erleaps_ itself," is nonsense--the thing is +impossible; and proposes that "vaulting ambition" should "rest his hand +upon the pommel, and _o'erleap_ the saddle (sell)," a thing not uncommon in +the feats of horsemanship. + +Did MR. SINGLETON never _o'erleap_ himself, and be too late--later than +_himself_ intended? Did he never, in his younger days, amuse himself with a +_soprasalto_; or with what Donne calls a "vaulter's sombersault?" Did he +never hear of any little plunderer, climbing a wall, _o'erreaching_ himself +to pluck an apple, and falling on the other side, into the hands of the +gardener? "By like," says Sir Thomas More, "the manne there _overshotte_ +himself." + +What was the _manne_ about? Attempting such a perilous gambol, perhaps, as +correcting Shakspeare. + +To {overleap, overreach, overshoot} himself are merely, to {leap, reach, +shoot}, over or beyond the mark himself intended. + +Q. + + Bloomsbury. + +P.S.--MR. ARROWSMITH reminds us of the old saw, that "great wits jump." He +should recollect also that they sometimes _nod_. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Lemon-juice administered in Gout and Rheumatism._--At a time when +lemon-juice seems to be frequently administered in gout and rheumatism, as +though it were an entirely new remedy, I have been somewhat amused at the +following passage, which may also interest some of your readers; it occurs +in _Scelta di Lettere Familiari degli Autori piu celebri ad uso degli +studiosi della lingua Italiana_, p. 36., in a letter "Di Don Francesco a +Teodoro Villa": + + "Io non posso star meglio di quel che sto, e forse perche uso di spesso + il bagno freddo, e beo limonata a pranzo e a cena da molti mesi. Questa + e la mia quotidiana bevanda, e dacche mi ci sono messo, m' ha fatto un + bene che non si puo dire. Di quelle doglie di capo, {218} che un tempo + mi sconquassavano le tempie, non ne sento piu una. Le vertigini, che un + tratto mi favorivano si di spesso, se ne sono ite. Sino un reumatismo, + che m' aveva afferrato per un braccio, s' e dileguato, cosi ch'io farei + ora alla lotta col piu valente marinaro calabrese che sia. L' appetito + mio pizzica del vorace. Che buona cosa il sugo d' un limone spremato + nell' acqua, e indolciato con un po' di zucchero! Fa di provarlo, + Teodoro. Chi sa che non assesti il capo e lo stomaco auche a te." + +S. G. C. + +_Weather Proverbs_.--Are these proverbs worth recording? + + "Rain before seven, fine before eleven." + + "A mackerel sky and mare's tails, + Make lofty ships carry low sails." + + "If the rain comes before the wind, + Lower your topsails and take them in: + If the wind comes before the rain, + Lower your topsails and hoist them again." + +The expressions in the latter two are maritime, and the rhymes not very +choice; but they hold equally in terrestrial matters, and I have seldom +found them wrong. + +RUBI. + +_Dog Latin_.--The answer of one of your late correspondents (E. M. B., Vol. +vii., p. 622.) on the subject of "Latin--Latiner," has revived a Query in +your First Volume (p. 230.) as to the origin of this expression which does +not appear to have been answered. I do not remember having seen any +explanation of the term, but I have arrived at one for myself, and present +it to your readers for what it is worth. Nothing, it must be admitted, can +be more inconsistent with the usual forms of language than the Latin of +mediaeval periods; it is often, in fact, not Latin at all, but merely a +Latin form given to simple English or other words, and admitting of the +greatest variety. Now of all animals the distinctions of breed are perhaps +more numerous in the canine race than any other. The word "mongrel," +originally applied to one of these quadruped combinations of variety, has +long been used to signify anything in which mixture of class existed, +especially of a debasing kind, to which such mixture generally tends. +Nothing could be more appropriate than the application of the term to the +"infima latinitas" of the Middle Ages; and from "mongrel" the transition to +the name of the genus from that of the degenerate species appears to me to +be very easy, though fanciful. + +J. B--T. + +_Thomas Wright of Durham_.--In the _Philosophical Magazine_ for April, +1848, I gave an account of the "Original Theory or new Hypothesis of the +Universe" of Thomas Wright, whose anticipations of modern speculation on +the milky way, the central sun, and some other points, make him one of the +most remarkable astronomical thinkers of his day. In the biography in the +_Gentleman's Magazine_ for 1793, he is described as struggling for a +livelihood when a young man, and no account is given of the manner in which +he obtained the handsome competence with which he emerges in 1756, or +thereabouts. A few days after my account was published, I was informed (by +Captain James, R.E.) that a large four-foot orrery, constructed by Wright +for the Royal Academy at Portsmouth, was still in that town; and that by +the title of "J. Harrises Use of the Globes" it appears that he (Wright) +kept his shop at the _Orrery_, near Water Lane, Fleet Street (No. 136), +under the title of instrument-maker to his Majesty. In an edition of Harris +(the 8th, 1767), which I lately met with, the above is described as "late +the shop of Thomas Wright," &c. By the advertisements which this work +contains, Wright must have had an extensive business as a philosophical +instrument-maker. The omission in the biography is a strange one. Possibly +some farther information may fall in the way of some of your readers. + +A. DE MORGAN. + +_A Funeral Custom_.--At Broadwas, Worcestershire, in the valley of the +Teame, it is the custom at funerals, on reaching "the Church Walk," for the +bearers to set down the coffin, and, as they stand around, to bow to it. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B. A. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +LITTLECOTT--SIR JOHN POPHAM. + +Every one knows the tradition attached to the manor of Littlecott in +Wiltshire, and the alleged means by which Chief Justice Sir John Popham +acquired its possession. It is told by Aubrey, Sir Walter Scott, and many +others, and is too notorious to be here repeated. Let me ask you or your +learned correspondents whether there exists any refutation of a charge so +seriously detrimental to the character of any judge, and so inconsistent +with the reputation which Chief Justice Popham enjoyed among his +cotemporaries? See Lord Ellesmere's notice of him in the case of the +Postnati (_State Trials_, ii. 669.), and Sir Edward Coke's flattering +picture of him at the end of Sir Drew Drury's case (_Reports_, vi. 75.). +Are there any records showing that a Darell was ever in fact arraigned on a +charge of murder, and the name of the judge who presided at the trial? Is +the date known of the death of the last Darell who possessed the estate, or +that of Sir John Popham's acquisition of it? The discovery of these might +throw great light on the subject, and possibly afford a complete +contradiction. + +Sir Francis Bacon, in his argument against Sir John Hollis and others for +traducing public justice, states that-- + + "Popham, a great judge in his time, was complained of by petition to + Queen Elizabeth; it was committed {219} to four privy councillors, but + the same was found to be slanderous, and the parties punished in the + court."--_State Trials_, vol. ii. p. 1029. + +If this petition could be discovered, and it should turn out that the +slander complained of in it had reference to this story, the investigation +which it then underwent by the four privy councillors, and the chief +justice's enjoyment of his high office for so many subsequent years, would +go far to prove the utter falsehood of the charge. This is a "consummation +devoutly to be wished" by every one who feels an interest in the purity of +the bench, and particularly by the present possessors of the estate, who +must be anxious for their ancestor's fame. + +Your useful publication has acted the part of the "detective police" in the +elucidation of many points of history less interesting than this, and I +trust you will consider the case curious enough to justify a close +examination. + +EDWARD FOSS. + + * * * * * + +EARLY EDITION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. + +I should be greatly obliged if I could obtain through "N. & Q." when, +where, and by whom an imperfect black-letter copy of the New Testament, +lately come into my possession, was printed, and also who was the +translator of it. + +It is bound in boards, has three thongs round which the sheets are +stitched, seems never to have been covered with cloth, leather, or other +material like our modern books, has had clasps, and is four inches long and +two inches thick. + +The chapters are divided generally into four or five parts by means of the +first letters of the alphabet. The letters are neither placed equidistant, +nor do they always mark a fresh paragraph. + +It is not divided into verses. There are a few marginal references, and the +chapter and letter of the parallel passages are given. + +Crosses are placed at the heads of most chapters, and also throughout the +text, without much apparent regularity. It contains a few rude cuts of the +Apostles, &c. The Epistles of St. Peter and St. John are placed before that +to the Hebrews. + +Letters are frequently omitted in the spelling, and this is indicated by a +dash placed over the one preceding the omitted letter. A slanting mark (/) +is the most frequent stop used. I will transcribe a few lines exactly as +they occur, only not using the black-letter. + + "B. As some spake of the temple/ howe yt was garnesshed with goodly + stones and iewels he sayde. The dayes will come/ when of these thyngis + which ye se shall not be lefte stone upon stone/ that shall not be + throwen doune. And they asked hym sayinge/ Master wh[=e] shall these + thynges be? And what sygnes wil there be/ when suche thynges shal come + to passe."--St. Luke, ch. xxi. + +Land is spelt _londe_; saints, _sainctis_; authority, _auctorite_, &c. + +A. BOARDMAN. + +P.S. It commences at the 19th chapter of St. Matthew, and seems perfect to +the 21st chapter of Revelation. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Ravilliac_.--I have read that a pyramid was erected at Paris upon the +murder of Henry IV. by Ravilliac, and that the inscription represented the +Jesuits as men-- + + "Maleficae superstitonis, quorum instinctu peculiaris adolescens + (Ravilliac) dirum facinus instituerat."--_Thesaur. Hist._, tom. iv. + lib. 95, ad ann. 1598. + +We are also informed that he confessed that it was the book of Mariana the +Jesuit, and the traitorous positions maintained in it, which induced him to +murder the king, for which cause the book (condemned by the parliament and +the Sorbonne) was publicly burnt in Paris. Is the pyramid still remaining? +If not, when was it taken down or destroyed, and by whom or by whose +authority? + +CLERICUS (D). + +_Emblem on a Chimney-piece_.--In the committee room of the Church +Missionary Society, Nos. 16. and 17. Upper Sackville Street, Dublin, a +curious emblem-picture is carved on the centre of the white marble +chimney-piece. An angel or winged youth is sleeping in a recumbent posture; +one arm embraces a sleeping lion, in the other hand he holds a number of +bell flowers. In the opposite angle the sun shines brightly; a lizard is +biting the heel of the sleeping youth. I shall not offer my own conjectures +in explanation of this allegorical sculpture, unless your correspondents +fail to give a more satisfactory solution. + +ATH CELIATH. + +_"To know ourselves diseased," &c_.-- + + "To know ourselves diseased, is half the cure." + +Whence? + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + + Birmingham. + +"_Paetus and Arria_."--Can you inform me who is the author of _Paetus and +Arria, a Tragedy_, 8vo., 1809? + +In Genest's _Account of the English Stage_, this play is said to be written +by a gentleman of the University of Cambridge. Can you tell me whether this +is likely to be W. Smyth, the late Professor of Modern History in that +university, who died in June, 1849? + +GW. + +_Heraldic Query_.--A. was killed in open rebellion. His son B. lived in +retirement under a fictitious name. The grandson C. retained the assumed +name, and obtained new arms. Query, {220} Can the descendants of C. resume +the arms of A.? If so, must they substitute them for the arms of C., or +bear them quarterly, and in which quarters? + +FRANCIS P. + +_Lord Chancellor Steele._--Is any pedigree of William Steele, Esq., Lord +Chancellor of Ireland temp. Commonwealth, extant; and do any of his +descendants exist? + +It is believed he was nearly related to Captain Steel, governor of Beeston +Castle, who suffered death by military execution in 1643 on a charge of +cowardice. + +STATFOLD. + +_"A Tub to the Whale."_--What is the origin of this phrase? + +PIMLICO. + +_Legitimation_ (_Scotland_).--Perhaps some of your Scotch readers "learned +in the law" would obligingly answer the subjoined Queries, referring to +some decisions. + +1. Will entail property go to a _bastard_, _legitimated before the Union_ +under the great seal (by the law of Scotland)? + +2. Will titles and dignities descend? + +3. Will armorial bearings? + +M. M. + + Inner Temple. + +_"Vaut mieux," &c._--The proverb "Vaut mieux avoir affaire a Dieu qu'a ses +saints" has a Latin origin. What is it? + +M. + +_Shakspeare First Folio._--Is there any _obtainable_ edition of Shakspeare +which follows, or fully contains, the first folio? + +M. + +_The Staffordshire Knot._--Can any of your readers give the history of the +Staffordshire knot, traced on the carriages and trucks of the North +Staffordshire Railway Company? + +T. P. + +_Sir Thomas Elyot._--I shall be extremely obliged by a reference to any +sources of information respecting Sir Thomas Elyot, Knight, living in the +time of Henry VIII., son of Sir Richard Elyot, Knight, of Suffolk. + +I shall be glad also to know whether a short work (among others of his in +my possession) entitled _The Defence of good Women_, printed in London by +Thomas Berthelet, 1545, is at all a rare book? + +H. C. K. + +_"Celsior exsurgens pluviis," &c._-- + + "Celsior exsurgens pluviis, nimbosque cadentes, + Sub pedibus cernens, et caeca tonitrua calcans." + +Can you oblige me by stating where the above lines are to be found? They +appear to me to form an appropriate motto for a balloon. + +J. P. A. + +_The Bargain Cup._--Can the old English custom of drinking together upon +the completion of a bargain, be traced back farther than the Norman era? +Did a similar custom exist in the earlier ages? Danl. Dyke, in his +_Mysteries_ (London, 1634), says: + + "The Jews being forbidden to make couenants with the Gentiles, they + also abstained from drinking with them; because that was a ceremonie + vsed in striking of couenants." + +This is the only notice I can find among old writers touching this custom, +which is certainly one of considerable antiquity: though I should like +confirmation of Dyke's words, before I can recognise an ancestry so remote. + +R. C. WARDE. + + Kidderminster. + +_School-Libraries._--I am desirous of ascertaining whether any of our +public schools possess any libraries for the general reading of the +scholars, in which I do not include mere school-books of Latin, Greek, &c., +which, I presume, they all possess, but such as travels, biographies, &c. + +Boys fresh from these schools appear generally to know nothing of general +reading, and from the slight information I have, I fear there is nothing in +the way of a library in any of them. If not, it is, I should think, a very +melancholy fact, and one that deserves a little attention: but if any of +your obliging correspondents can tell me what public school possesses such +a thing, and the facilities allowed for reading in the school, I shall take +it as a favour. + +WELD TAYLOR. + + Bayswater. + +_Queen Elizabeth and her "true" Looking-glass._--An anecdote is current of +Queen Elizabeth having in her later days, if not during her last illness, +called for a _true_ looking-glass, having for a long time previously made +use of one that was in some manner purposely falsified. + +What is the original source of the story? or at least what is the authority +to which its circulation is mainly due? An answer from some of your +correspondents to one or other of these questions would greatly oblige + +VERONICA. + +_Bishop Thomas Wilson._--In Thoresby's Diary, A.D. 1720, April 17 (vol. ii. +p. 289.), is the following entry: + + "Easter Sunday ... after evening prayers supped at cousin Wilson's with + the Bishop of Man's son." + +Was there any relationship, and what, between this "cousin Wilson," and the +bishop's son, Dr. Thomas Wilson? I should be glad of any information +bearing on any or on all these subjects. + +WILLIAM DENTON. + +_Bishop Wilson's Works._--The REV. JOHN KEBLE, Hursley, near Winchester, +being engaged in writing the life and editing the works of Bishop Wilson +(Sodor and Man), would feel obliged by {221} the communication of any +letters, sermons, or other writings of the bishop, or by reference to any +incidents not to be found in printed accounts of his life. + +_Hobbes, Portrait of_.--In the _Memoirs_ of T. Hobbes, it is stated that a +portrait of him was painted in 1669 for Cosmo de Medici. + +I have a fine half-length portrait of him, on the back of which is the +following inscription: + + "Thomas Hobbes, aet. 81. 1669. + J^{os}. Wick Wrilps, Londiensis, Pictor Caroli 2^{di}. R. + pinx^t." + +Is this painter the same as John Wycke, who died in 1702, but who is not, I +think, known as a portrait painter? + +Can any of your readers inform me whether a portrait of Hobbes is now in +the galleries at Florence, and, if so, by whom it was painted? It is +possible that mine is a duplicate of the picture which was painted for the +Grand Duke. + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + + Wallington. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Brasenose, Oxford_.--I am anxious to learn the origin and meaning of the +word _Brasenose_. I have somewhere heard or read (though I cannot recall +where) that it was a Saxon word, _brasen haus_ or "brewing-house;" and that +the college was called by this name, because it was built on the site of +the brewing-house of King Alfred. All that Ingram says on the subject is +this: + + "This curious appellation, which, whatever was the origin of it, has + been perpetuated by the symbol of a brazen nose here and at Stamford, + occurs with the modern orthography, but in one undivided word, so early + as 1278, in an Inquisition, now printed in the _Hundred Rolls_, though + quoted by Wood from the manuscript record."--See his _Memorials of + Oxford_. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + + [Our correspondent will find the notice of King Alfred's brew-house in + the review of Ingram's _Memorials_ in the _British Critic_, vol. xxiv. + p. 139. The writer says, "There is a spot in the centre of the city + where Alfred is said to have lived, and which may be called the native + place or river-head of three separate societies still existing, + University, Oriel, and Brasenose. Brasenose claims his palace, Oriel + his church, and University his school or academy. Of these Brasenose + College is still called, in its formal style, 'the King's Hall,' which + is the name by which Alfred himself, in his laws, calls his palace; and + it has its present singular name from a corruption of _brasinium_, or + _brasin-huse_, as having been originally located in that part of the + royal mansion which was devoted to the then important accommodation of + a brew-house." Churton, in his _Life of Bishop Smyth_, p. 277., thus + accounts for the origin of the word:--"Brasen Nose Hall, as the Oxford + antiquary has shown, may be traced as far back as the time of Henry + III., about the middle of the thirteenth century; and early in the + succeeding reign, 6th Edward I., 1278, it was known by the name of + Brasen Nose Hall, which peculiar name was undoubtedly owing, as the + same author observes, to the circumstance of a nose of brass affixed to + the gate. It is presumed, however, this conspicuous appendage of the + portal was not formed of the mixed metal, which the word now denotes, + but the genuine produce of the mine; as is the nose, or rather face, of + a lion or leopard still remaining at Stamford, which also gave name to + the edifice it adorned. And hence, when Henry VIII. debased the coin, + by an alloy of _copper_, it was a common remark or proverb, that + 'Testons were gone to Oxford, to study in _Brasen_ Nose.'"] + +_G. Downing_.--Can any one point out to me a biography of G. Downing, or at +least indicate a work where the dates of the birth and death of this +celebrated statesman may be found? He was English ambassador in the Hague +previous to and in the year 1664, and to him Downing Street in London owes +its name. A very speedy answer would be most welcome.--From the +_Navorscher_. + +A. T. C. + + [In Pepys's _Diary_, vol. i. p. 2. edit. 1848, occurs the following + notice of Sir George Downing:--"Wood has misled us in stating that Sir + George Downing was a son of Dr. Calibut Downing, the rector of Hackney. + He was beyond doubt the son of Emmanuel Downing, a London merchant, who + went to New England. It is not improbable that Emmanuel was a near + kinsman of Calibut; how related has not yet been discovered. Governor + Hutchinson, in his _History of Massachusetts_, gives the true account + of Downing's affiliation, which has been farther confirmed by Mr. + Savage, of Boston, from the public records of New England. Wood calls + Downing a sider with all times and changes; skilled in the common cant, + and a preacher occasionally. He was sent by Cromwell to Holland, as + resident there. About the Restoration, he espoused the King's cause, + and was knighted and elected M. P. for Morpeth, in 1661. Afterwards, + becoming Secretary to the Treasury and Commissioner of the Customs, he + was in 1663 created a Baronet of East Hatley, in Cambridgeshire, and + was again sent ambassador to Holland. His grandson of the same name, + who died in 1749, was the founder of Downing College, Cambridge. The + title became extinct in 1764, upon the decease of Sir John Gerrard + Downing, the last heir male of the family." According to Hutchinson, + Sir George died in 1684.] + +_Unkid_.--Can any of your readers inform me as to the derivation of this +word, or give any instance of its recent use? I have frequently heard it in +my childhood (the early part of the present century) among the rural +population of Oxon and Berks. It was generally applied to circumstances of +a melancholy or distressing character, but sometimes used to express a +peculiar state of feeling, being apparently intended to convey nearly the +same meaning as the _ennui_ of the French. I {222} recollect an allusion to +the phrase somewhere in Miss Mitford's writings, who speaks of it as +peculiar to Berks; but as I was then ignorant of Captain Cuttle's maxim, I +did not "make a note of it," so that I am unable to lay my hand on the +passage. + +G. T. + + Reading. + + [Mr. Sternberg also found this word in Northamptonshire: for in his + valuable work on _The Dialect and Folk Lore_ of that county occurs the + following derivation of it:--"UNKED, HUNKID, _s_. lonely, dull, + miserable. 'I was so _unked_ when ye war away.' 'A _unked_ house,' &c. + Mr. Bosworth gives, as the derivative, the A.-S. _uncyd_, solitary, + without speech. In Batchelor's _List of Bedfordshire Words_, it is + spelt _ungkid_."] + +_Pilgrim's Progress_.--The common editions contain a _third_ part, setting +forth the life of _Tender-conscience_: this third part is thought not to +have been written by Bunyan, and is omitted from some, at least, of the +modern editions. Can any of your readers explain by whom this addition was +made, and all about it? The subject of the _Pilgrim's Progress_ +generally--the stories of a similar kind which are said to have +preceded--especially in Catholic times--the history of its editions and +annotations, would give some interesting columns. + +M. + + [Mr. George Offor, in his Introduction to _The Pilgrim's Progress_, + published by the Hanserd Knollys Society in 1847, notices the third + part as a forgery:--"In a very few years after Bunyan's death, this + third part made its appearance; and although the title does not + directly say that it was written by Bunyan, yet it was at first + generally received as such. In 1695, it reached a second edition; and a + sixth in 1705. In 1708, it was denounced in the title to the ninth + edition of the second part, by a 'Note, _the third part, suggested to + be J. Bunyan's, is an imposture_.' The author of this forgery is as yet + unknown." Mr. Offor has also devoted fifty pages of his Introduction to + the conjectured prototypes of Bunyan's _Pilgrim's Progress_. He says, + "Every assertion or suggestion that came to my knowledge has been + investigated, and the works referred to have been analysed. And beyond + this, every allegorical work that could be found, previous to the + eighteenth century, has been examined in all the European languages, + and the result is a perfect demonstration of the complete originality + of Bunyan."] + +_John Frewen_.--What is known of this divine? He was minister at Northiam +in Sussex in 1611; and published, the following year, a small volume of +_Sermons_, bearing reference to some quarrel between himself and +parishioners. Are these _Sermons_ rare? Any particulars would be +acceptable. + +R. C. WARDE. + + Kidderminster. + + [Accepted Frewen, Archbishop of York, was the eldest son of John + Frewen, "the puritanical Rector of Northiam," as Wood calls him, and + indeed his name carries a symbol of his father's sanctity. Wood has + given a few particulars of John, who, he says, "was a learned divine, + and frequent preacher of the time, and wrote, 1. _Fruitful Instructions + and Necessary Doctrine, to edify in the Fear of God, &c_., 1587. 2. + _Fruitful Instructions for the General Cause of Reformation, against + the Slanders of the Pope and League, &c_., 1589. 3. _Certain Choice + Grounds and Principles of our Christian Religion, with their several + Expositions, by Way of Questions and Answers, &c_., 1621, and other + things. He died in 1627 (about the latter end), and was buried in + Northiam Church, leaving then behind these sons, viz. Accepted, + Thankful, Stephen, Joseph, Benjamin, Thomas, Samuel, John, &c., which + John seems to have succeeded his father in the Rectory of Northiam; but + whether the said father was educated at Oxford, I cannot tell."] + +_Histories of Literature_.--Can any correspondent inform me of the best, or +one or two principal Histories of Literature, published in the English +language, with the names of the author and publisher; as well as, if +possible, the size and price? + +ILMONASTERIENSIS. + + [Our correspondent cannot do better than procure Hallam's _Introduction + to the Literature of Europe in the Fifteenth, Sixteenth, and + Seventeenth Centuries_, 3 vols. 8vo. (36s.). He may also consult with + advantage Dr. Maitland's _Dark Ages_, which illustrates the state of + religion and literature from the ninth to the twelfth centuries, 8vo., + 12s. and Berrington's _Literary History of the Middle Ages_, 3s. 6d.] + +"_Mrs. Shaw's Tombstone_."--In Leigh's _Observations_ (London, 1660) are +several quotations from a work entitled _Mrs. Shaw's Tombstone_. Where may +a copy of this be seen? + +R. C. WARDE. + + Kidderminster. + + [Mrs. Dorothy Shaw's _Tombstone, or the Saint's Remains_, 1658, may be + seen in the British Museum, Press-mark, 1418. i. 41.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +CRANMER AND CALVIN. + +(Vol. viii., p. 182.) + +A correspondent who seems to delight in sibilants, signing, himself +S. Z. Z. S., invites me to "_preserve_, in your columns, the letter of +Calvin to Cranmer, of which Dean Jenkyns has only given extracts," as +noticed by me in your Vol. vii., p. 621. + +I would not shrink from the trouble of transcribing the whole letter, if a +complete copy were only to be found in the short-lived columns of a +newspaper, as inserted in the _Record_ of May 15, 1843, by Merle d'Aubigne; +but the Dean has given a reference to the volume in which both the letters +he cites are preserved and accessible, viz. _Calvin Epistles_, pp. 134, +135., Genev. 1616. {223} + +S. Z. Z. S. justly observes that there are two points to be distinguished: +first, Cranmer's wish that Calvin should assist in a general union of the +churches protesting against Romish errors; second, Calvin's offer to assist +in settling the Church of England. He adds, "The latter was declined; and +the reason is demonstrated in Archbishop Laurence's _Bampton Lectures_." I +neither possess those lectures, nor the volume of Calvin's epistles; but +all I have seen of the correspondence between him and Cranmer, in the +Parker Society's editions of Cranmer, and of original letters between +1537-58, and in Jenkyns' _Remains of Cranmer_, indisposes me to believe +that Calvin made any "offer to assist in settling the Church of England." +It appears from Dean Jenkyns' note, vol. i. p. 346., that Archbishop +Laurence made a mistake in the order of the correspondence, calculated to +mislead himself; and as to Heylyn's assertion, _Eccles. Restaur._, p. 65., +that Calvin made such an offer and "that the Archbishop (Cranmer) _knew_ +the man and refused his offer," the Dean says: + + "He gives no authority for the later part of his statement, and it can + hardly be reconciled with Cranmer's letter to Calvin of March 20, + 1552." + +The contemptuous expression, he "knew the man and refused his offer," is, +in fact, utterly irreconcilable with Cranmer's language in all his three +letters to Melancthon, to Bullinger, and to Calvin (Nos. 296, 297, 298. of +Parker Society's edition of _Cranmer's Remains_, and Nos. 283, 284, 285. of +Jenkyns' edition), where he tells each of the other two that he had written +to Calvin from his desire-- + + "Ut in Anglia, aut alibi, doctissimorum et _optimorum_ virorum synodus + convocaretur, in qua de puritate ecclesiasticae doctrinae, et praecipue de + consensu controversiae sacramentariae tractaretur." + +Or, as he said to Calvin himself: + + "Ut docti et pii viri, qui alios antecellunt eruditione et judicio, + convenirent." + +Your correspondent seems to have used the word "demonstrated" rather in a +surgical than in its mathematical sense. + +Having taken up my pen to supply you with an answer to this historical +inquiry, I may as well notice some other articles in your No. 199. For +example, in p. 167., L. need not have referred your readers to Halliwell's +_Researches in Archaic Language_ for an explanation of Bacon's word +"bullaces." The word may be seen in Johnson's _Dictionary_, with the +citation from Bacon, and instead of vaguely calling it "a small black and +tartish plum," your botanical readers know it as the _Prunus insititia_. + +Again, p. 173., J. M. may like to know farther, that the Duke of +Wellington's clerical brother was entered on the boards of St. John's +College, Cambridge, as Wesley, where the spelling must have been dictated +either by himself, or by the person authorised to desire his admission. It +continued to be spelt Wesley in the Cambridge annual calendars as late as +1808, but was altered in that of 1809 to Wellesley. The alteration was +probably made by the desire of the family, and without communicating such +desire to the registrary of the university. For it appears in the edition +of _Graduati Cantabrigienses_, printed in 1823, as follows: + + "Wesley, Gerard Valerian, Coll. Joh. A. M. 1792. Comitis de Mornington, + Fil. nat. 4^{tus}." + +In p. 173., C. M. INGLEBY may like to know, as a clue to the origin of his +_apussee and_, that I was taught at school, sixty years ago, to call & _And +per se_, whilst some would call it _And-per-se-and_. + +In the same page, the inquirer B. H. C. respecting the word _mammon_, may +like to know that the history of that word has been given at some length in +p. 1. to p. 68. of the Parker Society's edition of Tyndale's _Parable of +the wicked Mammon_, where I have stated that it occurs in a form identical +with the English in the Chaldee Targum of Onkelos on Exod. viii. 21., and +in that of Jonathan on Judges, v. 9., as equivalent to riches; and that in +the Syriac translation it occurs in a form identical with [Greek: Mamona], +in Exod. xxi. 30., as a rendering for [Hebrew: K\holam\P\segol\R], the +price of satisfaction. In B. H. C.'s citation from Barnes, _even_ seems a +misprint for _ever_. The Jews did not again fall into actual idolatry after +the Babylonish captivity; but we are told that in the sight of God +covetousness is idolatry. + +HENRY WALTER. + + Hasilbury Bryan. + + * * * * * + +BARNACLES. + +(Vol. viii., p. 124.) + +A Querist quoting from Porta's _Natural Magic_ the vulgar error that "not +only in Scotland, but in the river Thames, there is a kind of shell-fish +which get out of their shells and grow to be ducks, or such like birds," +asks, what could give rise to such an absurd belief? Your correspondent +quotes from the English translation of the _Magia Naturalis_, A.D. 1658; +but the tradition is very ancient, Porta the author having died in 1515 +A.D. You still find an allusion in _Hudibras_ to those-- + + "Who from the most refin'd of saints, + As naturally grow miscreants, + As _barnacles_ turn Soland geese, + In th' islands of the Orcades." + +The story has its origin in the peculiar formation of the little mollusc +which inhabits the multivalve shell, the _Pentalasmis anatifera_, which by +a fleshy peduncle attaches itself by one end to the bottoms of ships or +floating timber, whilst from the other {224} there protrudes a bunch of +curling and fringe-like cirrhi, by the agitation of which it attracts and +collects its food. These cirrhi so much resemble feathers, as to have +suggested the leading idea of a bird's tail: and hence the construction of +the remainder of the fable, which is thus given with grave minuteness in +_The Herbal, or General Historie of Plants_, gathered by John Gerarde, +Master in Chirurgerie: London, 1597: + + "What our eyes have seen, and our hands have touched, we shall declare. + There is a small island in Lancashire called the Pile of Foulders, + wherein are found the broken pieces of old and bruised ships, some + whereof have been cast thither by shipwreck; and also the trunks or + bodies, with the branches of old and rotten trees, cast up there + likewise, whereon is found a certain spume or froth, that in time + breedeth unto certain shells, in shape like those of a mussel, but + sharper pointed, and of a whitish colour; wherein is contained a thing + in form like a lace of silk finely woven as it were together, of a + whitish colour; one end whereof is fastened unto the inside of the + shell, even as the fish of oysters and mussels are; the other end is + made fast unto the belly of a rude mass or lump, which in time cometh + to the shape and form of a bird. When it is perfectly formed, the shell + gapeth open, and the first thing that appeareth is the foresaid lace or + string; next come the legs of the bird hanging out and as it groweth + greater, it openeth the shell by degrees, till at length it is all come + forth, and hangeth only by the bill. In short space after it cometh to + full maturity, and falleth into the sea, where it gathereth feathers, + and groweth to a fowl, bigger than a mallard, and lesser than a goose; + having black legs, and a bill or beak, and feathers black and white, + spotted in such manner as our magpie, called in some places a + Pie-Annet, which the people of Lancashire call by no other name than a + tree-goose; which place aforesaid, and all those parts adjacent, do so + much abound therewith, that one of the best may be bought for + threepence. For the truth hereof, if any doubt, may it please them to + repair unto me, and I shall satisfy them by the testimony of credible + witnesses."--Page 1391. + +Gerarde, who is doubtless Butler's authority, says elsewhere, that "in the +north parts of Scotland, and the islands called Orcades," there are certain +trees whereon these tree-geese and barnacles abound. + +The conversion of the fish into a bird, however fabulous, would be scarcely +more astonishing than the metamorphosis which it actually undergoes--the +young of the little animal having no feature to identify it with its final +development. In its early stage (I quote from Carpenter's _Physiology_, +vol. i. p. 52.) it has a form not unlike that of the crab, "possessing eyes +and powers of free motion; but afterwards, becoming fixed to one spot for +the remainder of its life, it loses its eyes and forms a shell, which, +though composed of various pieces, has nothing in common with the jointed +shell of the crab." + +Though Porta wrote at Naples, the story has reference to Scotland; and the +tradition is evidently northern, and local. As to SPERIEND's Query, What +could give rise to so absurd a story? it doubtless took its origin in the +similarity of the tentacles of the fish to feathers of a bird. But I would +add the farther Query, whether the ready acceptance and general credence +given to so obvious a fable, may not have been derived from giving too +literal a construction to the text of the passage in the first chapter of +Genesis: + + "And God said, Let the _waters bring forth abundantly_ the moving + creature that hath life, and _the fowl_ that may fly in the open + firmament of heaven?" + +J. EMERSON TENNENT. + +Drayton (1613) in his _Poly-olbion_, iii., in connexion with the river Dee, +speaks of-- + + "Th' anatomised fish, and fowls from planchers sprung," + +to which a note is appended in Southey's edition, p. 609., that such fowls +were "_barnacles_, a bird breeding upon old ships." In the _Entertaining +Library_, "Habits of Birds," pp. 363-379., the whole story of this +extraordinary instance of ignorance in natural history is amply developed. +The barnacle shells which I once saw in a sea-port, attached to a vessel +just arrived from the Mediterranean, had the brilliant appearance, at a +distance, of flowers in bloom[1]; the foot of the _Lepas anatifera_ +(Linnaeus) appearing to me like the stalk of a plant growing from the ship's +side: the shell had the semblance of a calyx, and the flower consisted of +the fingers (_tentacula_) of the shell-fish, "of which twelve project in an +elegant curve, and are used by it for making prey of small fish." The very +ancient error was to mistake the foot of the shell-fish for the neck of a +goose, the shell for its head, and the _tentacula_ for a tuft of feathers. +As to the body, _non est inventus_. The Barnacle Goose is a well-known +bird: and these shell-fish, bearing, as seen out of the water, resemblance +to the goose's neck, were ignorantly, and without investigation, confounded +with geese themselves, an error into which Albertus Magnus (d. 1280) did +not fall, and in which Pope Pius II. proved himself infallible. +Nevertheless, in France, the Barnacle Goose may be eaten on fast-days by +virtue of this old belief in its marine origin. + +T. J. BUCKTON + +[Footnote 1: See _Penny Cycl_., art. CIRRIPEDA, vii. 208., reversing the +woodcut.] + + * * * * * + +DIAL INSCRIPTIONS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 507. Vol. v., p. 155., &c.) + +In the churchyard of Areley-Kings, Worcestershire (where is the singular +memorial to Sir Harry Coningsby, which I mentioned at Vol. vi., {225} p. +406.), is a curious dial, the pillar supporting which has its four sides +carved with figures of Time and Death, &c., and the following inscriptions. + +On the south side, where is the figure of Time: + + Consider + + "Aspice--ut aspicias." + + "Time's glass and scythe + Thy life and death declare, + Spend well thy time, and + For thy end prepare." + + "O man, now or never + While there is time, turn unto the Lord, + And put not off from day to day." + +On the north side, where is the figure of Death standing upon a dead body, +with his dart, hour-glass, and spade: + + "Three things there be in very deede, + Which make my heart in grief to bleede: + The first doth vex my very heart, + In that from hence I must departe; + The second grieves me now and then, + That I must die, but know not when; + The third with tears bedews my face, + That I must die, nor know the place. + + I. W. + _fecit_, Anno D[=m]i. + 1687." + + "Behold my killing dart and delving spade; + Prepare for death before thy grave be made; + for + After death there's no hope." + + "If a man die he shall live again. + All the days of my appointed time + Will I wait till my days come."--_Job_ xiv. 14. + + "The death of saints is precious, + And miserable is the death of sinners." + +The east side of the pillar has the following: + + "Si vis ingredi in vitam, + Serve mandata." + + "Judgments are prepared for sinners."--_Prov_. xiv. 9. + +And on the west: + + "Sol non occidat + Super iracundiam vestram." + + "Whatsoever ye would that men + Should do unto you, + Do ye even so unto them." + +I subjoin a few other dial inscriptions, copied from churches in +Worcestershire. + +Kidderminster (parish church): + + "None but a villain will deface me." + +Himbleton (over the porch): + + "Via Vitae." + +Bromsgrove: + + "We shall ----" (_i.e._ we shall die-all). + +Shrawley: + + "Ab hoc nomento pendet aeternitas." + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + + * * * * * + +THE "SALTPETER MAKER." + +(Vol. vii., pp. 377. 433. 460. 530.) + +The following humble petition will give an idea of the arbitrary power +exercised by the "Saltpeter maker" in the days of Good Queen Bess; and of +the useful monopoly that functionary contrived to make of his employment, +in defiance of county government: + + "Righte honorable, our humble dewties to yo^r good Lordshippe premised, + maye it please the same to be advertised, that at the Quarter sessions + holden at Newarke within this countie of Nottingham, There was a + generall Complaynte made unto us by the Whole Countrie, that one John + Ffoxe, saltpeter maker, had charged the Whole Countrie by his precepts + for the Caryinge of Cole from Selsonn, in the Countie of Nottingham, + unto the towne of Newarke w^{th}in the same countie; beinge sixteene + myles distante for the makeinge of saltpeter, some townes w^{th} five + Cariages and some w^{th} lesse, or els to geve him foure shillinges for + everie Loade, whereof he hath Recyved a great parte. Uppon w^{ch} + Complaynte we called the same Ffoxe before some of us at Newarke at the + Sessions, there to answere the premisses, and also to make us a + propc[=i]on what Loades of Coales would serve to make a thowsand of + saltpeter, To thend we might have sett some order for the preparing of + the same: But the said Ffoxe will not sett downe anie rate what would + serve for the makeinge of a Thowsande. Therefore we have thoughte good + to advertise your good Lordshippe of the premisses, and have appoynted + the clarke of the peace of this countie of Nottingham to attend yo^r + good Lordshippe to know yo^r Lordshippes pleasure about the same, who + can further informe yo^r good Lordshippe of the particularities + thereof, if it shall please yo^r good Lordshippe to geve him hearings, + And so most humblie take our Leaves, Newarke, the viij^{th} of Octob^r, + 1589. + + "Your L^{pp} most humblie to Comaunde, + + RO. MARKHAM, + WILLIAM SUTTON, + R[=AU]F BARTON, 1589, + N[=IH]S ROOS, + BRIAN LASSELS, + JOHN THORNHAGH." + +The document is addressed on the back "To the Right Honorable our verie +good Lord the Lord Burghley, Lord Heighe Threasoro^r of England, yeve +theis;" and is numbered LXI. 72. among the Lansdowne MSS., B. M. + +The proposal quoted below has no date attached, but probably belongs to the +former part of the seventeenth century: + + "THE SERVICE. + + "1. To make 500 Tunne of refined Saltpetre within his Ma^{ties} + dominions yearely, and continually, and cheaper. + + 2. _Without digging of homes or charging of carts, or any other charge + to the subject whatsoever._ {226} + + 3. To performe the whole service at our owne cost. + + 4. Not to hinder any man in his owne way of makeing saltpetre, nor + importation from forreine parts." + +The following memorandum is underwritten: + + "Mr. Speaker hath our Bill; Be pleased to-morrow to call for it." + +The original draft of the above disinterested offer may be seen Harl. +CLVIII. fol. 272. + +FURVUS. + + St. James's. + + * * * * * + +TSAR. + +(Vol. viii., p. 150.) + +The difficulty in investigating the origin of this word is that the letter +_c_, "the most wonderful of all letters," says Eichhoff (_Vergleichung der +Sprachen_, p. 55.), sounds like _k_ before the vowels _a_, _o_, _u_, but +before _e_, _i_, in French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch, as _s_, in +Italian as _tsh_, in German as _ts_. It is always _ts_ in Polish and +Bohemian. In Russian it is represented by a special letter [Cyrillic: ts], +_tsi_; but in Celtic it is always _k_. Conformably with this principle, the +Russians, like the Germans, Poles, and Bohemians, pronounce the Latin _c_ +as _ts_. So Cicero in these languages is pronounced _Tsitsero_, very +differently from the Greeks, who called him _Kikero_. The letter _tsi_ is a +supplementary one in Russian, having no corresponding letter in the Greek +alphabet, from which the Russian was formed in the ninth century by St. +Cyril. The word to be sought then amongst cognate languages as the +counterpart of _tsar_ (or as the Germans write it _czar_) is _car_, as +pronounced in English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Dutch. The most +probable etymological connection that I can discover is with the Sanscrit +[Sanskrit: car] _car_, to move, to advance; the root of the Greek [Greek: +karrhon], in English _car_, Latin _curro_, French _cours_. So Sanscrit +_caras_, _carat_, movable, nimble; Greek [Greek: chraon], Latin _currens_. +And Sanscrit _caras_, motion, Greek [Greek: choros], Latin _currus_, +_cursus_, French _char_, English _car_, _cart_, &c. The early Russians were +doubtless wanderers, an off-shoot of the people known to the Greeks as +Scythians, and to the Hebrews and Arabians as Gog and Magog, who travelled +in _cars_, occupying first one territory with their flocks, but not +cultivating the land, then leaving it to nature and taking up another +resting-place. It is certain that the Russians have many Asiatic words in +their vocabulary, which must necessarily have occurred from their being for +more than two centuries sometimes under Tatar, and sometimes under Mongol +domination; and the origin of this word _tsar_ or _car_ may leave to be +sought on the plateaus of North-east Asia. In the Shemitic tongues (Arabic, +Hebrew, Persian, &c.) no connexion of sound or meaning, so probable as the +above Indo-European one, is to be found. The popular derivations of +Nabupolassar, Nebuchadnezzar, Belshazzar, &c., are not to be trusted. It is +remarkable, however, that these names are significant in Russian. (See "N. +& Q.," Vol. vii., pp. 432, 433, _note_.) The cuneatic inscriptions may yet +throw light on these Assyrian names. In Russian the kingdom is _Tsarstvo_, +the king _Tsar_, his queen _Tsarina_, his son is _Tsarevitch_, and his +daughter _Tsarevna_. The word is probably pure Russian or Slavic. The +Russian tsar used about two hundred years ago to be styled duke by foreign +courts, but he has advanced in the nomenclature of royalty to be an +emperor. The Russians use the word _imperatore_ for emperor, _Kesar_ for +Caesar, and _samodershetse_ for sovereign. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + + Birmingham. + +In Voltaire's _History of the Russian Empire_, it is stated that the title +of Czar may possibly be derived front the _Tzars_ or _Tchars_ of the +kingdom of Casan. When John, or Ivan Basilides, Grand Prince of Russia, had +completed the reduction of this kingdom, he assumed this title, and it has +since continued to his successors. Before the reign of John Basilides, the +sovereigns of Russia bore the name of _Velike Knez_, that is, great prince, +great lord, great chief, which in Christian countries was afterwards +rendered by that of great duke. The Czar Michael Federovitz, on occasion of +the Holstein embassy, assumed the titles of Great Knez and Great Lord, +Conservator of all the Russias, Prince of Wolodimir, Moscow, Novogorod, +&c., Tzar of Casan, Tzar of Astracan, Tzar of Siberia. The name of _Tzar_ +was therefore the title of those Oriental princes, and therefore it is more +probable for it to have been derived from the _Tshas_ of Persia than from +the Roman Caesars, whose name very likely never reached the ears of the +Siberian Tzars on the banks of the Oby. In another part of Voltaire's +_History_, when giving an account of the celebrated battle of Narva, where +Charles XII., with nine thousand men and ten pieces of cannon, defeated +"the Russian army with eighty thousand fighting men, supported by one +hundred and forty-five pieces of cannon," he says, "Among the captives was +the son of a King of Georgia, whom Charles sent to Stockholm; his name was +_Mittelesky Czarowitz_, or Czar's Son, which is farther proof that the +title of Czar or Tzar was not originally derived from the Roman Caesars." To +the above slightly abbreviated description may not be uninterestingly added +the language of Voltaire, which immediately follows the first reference: + + "No title, how great soever, is of any signification, unless they who + bear it are great and powerful of themselves. The word _emperor_, which + denoted only the _general of an army_, became the title of the {227} + sovereigns of Rome and it is now conferred on the supreme governor of + all the Russias." + +A HERMIT AT HAMPSTEAD. + +I beg to inform J. S. A. that the right word is _Tsar_, and that it is the +Russian word answering to our king or lord, the Latin _Rex_, the Persian +_Shah_, &c. There may be terms in other languages that have an affinity +with it, but I believe we should seek in vain for a derivation. + +T. K. + + * * * * * + +"LAND OF GREEN GINGER." + +(Vol. viii., p. 160.) + +I wish that R. W. ELLIOT of Clifton, whom I recognise as a former +inhabitant of Hull, had given the authority on which he states, that "It is +so called from the sale of ginger having been chiefly carried on there in +early times." The name of this street has much puzzled the local +antiquaries; and having been for several years engaged on a work relative +to the derivations, &c., of the names of the streets of Hull, I have spared +no pains to ascertain the history and derivation of the singular name of +this street. + +I offer then a conjecture as to its derivation as follows:--The ground on +which this street stands was originally the property of De la Pole, Duke of +Suffolk, on which he had built his stately manor-house. On the attainder of +the family it was seized by the king; and Henry VIII. several times held +his court here, on one of his visits having presented his sword to the +corporation. It was then, 1538, called Old Beverley Street, as seen in the +survey made of the estates of Sir William Sydney, Kt. In a romance called +_Piraute el Blanco_, it is stated "The morning collation at the English +Court was _green ginger_ with good Malmsey, which was their custom, because +of the coldness of the land." And in the _Foedera_, vii. 233., it is stated +that, among other things, the cargo of a Genoese ship, which was driven +ashore at Dunster, in Somersetshire, in 1380, consisted of green ginger +(ginger cured with lemon-juice). In Hollar's Map of Hull, 1640, the street +is there laid out as built upon, but without any name attached to it. No +other plans of Hull are at present known to exist from the time of Hollar, +1640, to Gent, 1735. In Gent's plan of Hull, it is there called "The Land +of Green Ginger;" so that probably, between the years 1640 and 1735, it +received its peculiar name. + +I therefore conjecture that, as Henry VIII. kept his Court here with his +usual regal magnificence, green ginger would be one of the luxuries of his +table; that this portion of his royal property being laid out as a garden, +was peculiarly suitable for the growth of ginger--the same as Pontefract +was for the growth of the liquorice plant; and that, upon the property +being built upon, the remembrance of this spot being so suitable for the +growth of ginger for the Court, would eventually give the peculiar name, in +the same way that the adjoining street of Bowl-Alley-Lane received its +title from the bowling-green near to it. + +JOHN RICHARDSON. + + 13. Savile Street, Hull. + +This has long been a puzzle to the Hull antiquaries. I have often inquired +of old persons likely to know the origin of such names of places at that +sea-port as "The Land of Green Ginger," "Pig Alley," "Mucky-south-end," and +"Rotten Herring Staith;" and I have come to the conclusion, that "The Land +of Green Ginger" was a very dirty place where horses were kept: a mews, in +short, which none of the Muses, not even with Homer as an exponent, could +exalt ([Greek: Epea pteroenta en athanatoisi theoisi]) into the regions of +poesy. + +Ginger has been cultivated in this country as a _stove_ exotic for about +two hundred and fifty years. In one of the histories of Hull, ginger is +supposed to have grown in this street, where, to a recent period, the +stables of the George Inn, and those of a person named Foster opposite, +occupied the principal portion of the short lane called "Land of Green +Ginger." It is hardly possible that the true zingiber can have grown here, +even in the manure heaps; but a plant of the same order (_Zingiberaceae_) +may have been mistaken for it. Some of the old women or marine school-boys +of the Trinity House, in the adjoining lane named from that guild, or some +druggist, may have dropped, either accidentally or experimentally, a root, +if not of the ginger, yet of some kindred plant. The magnificent _Fuchsia_ +was first noticed in the possession of a seaman's wife by Fuchs in 1501, a +century prior to the introduction of the ginger plant into England. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + + Birmingham. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Stereoscopic Angles_.--The discussion in "N. & Q." relative to the best +angle for stereoscopic pictures has gone far towards a satisfactory +conclusion: there are, however, still a few points which may be +beneficially considered. + +In the first place, the kind of stereoscope to be used must tend to modify +the mental impression; and secondly, the _amount_ of reduction from the +size of the original has a considerable influence on the final result. + +If in viewing a stereoscopic pair of photographs, they are placed _at the +same distance_ from the eyes as the _length of the focus of the lens used +in producing them_, then without doubt the distance between the eyes, viz. +about two and a quarter {228} inches, is the best difference between the +two points of view to produce a perfectly natural result; and if the points +of operation be more distant from one another, as I have before intimated, +an effect is produced similar to what would be the case if the pictures +were taken from a _model_ of the object instead of the object itself. + +When it is intended that the pictures taken are to be viewed by an +instrument that requires their distance from the eyes to be _less_ than the +focal length of the lens used in their formation, what is the result? Why, +that they subtend an angle larger than in nature, and are consequently +apparently _increased_ in bulk; and the obvious remedy is to _increase_ the +angle between the points of generation in the exact ratio as that by which +the visual distance is to be lessened. There is one other consideration to +which I would advert, viz. that as we judge of _distance_, &c. mainly by +the degree of _convergence_ of the optic axes of our two eyes, it cannot be +so good to arrange the camera with its two positions quite parallel, +especially for objects at a short or medium distance, as to let its centre +radiate from the principal object to be delineated; and to accomplish this +desideratum in the readiest way (for portraits especially), the ingenious +contrivance of Mr. Latimer Clark, described in the _Journal_ of the +Photographic Society, appears to me the best adapted. It consists of a +modification of the old parallel ruler arrangement on which the camera is +placed; but one of the sides has an adjustment, so that within certain +limits any degree of convergence is attainable. Now in the case of the +pictures alluded to by MR. H. WILKINSON in Vol. viii., p. 181., it is +probable they were taken by a camera placed in two positions parallel to +one another, and it is quite clear that only a _portion_ of the two +pictures could have been really stereoscopic. It is perfectly true that two +indifferent negatives will often combine and form one good stereoscopic +positive, but this is in consequence of one possessing that in which the +other is deficient; and at any rate two _good_ pictures will have a +_better_ effect; consequently, it is better that the two views should +contain exactly the same _range_ of vision. + +GEO. SHADBOLT. + +_Protonitrate of Iron_.--"Being in the habit of using protonitrate of iron +for developing collodion pictures, the following method of preparing that +solution suggested itself to me, which appears to possess great +advantages:-- + + Water 1 oz. + Protosulphate of iron 14 grs. + Nitrate of potash 10 grs. + Acetic acid 1/2 drm. + Nitric acid 2 drops. + +In this mixture nitrate of potash is employed to convert the sulphate of +iron into nitrate in place of nitrate of baryta in Dr. Diamond's formula, +or nitrate of lead as recommended by Mr. Sisson; the advantage being that +no filtering is required, as the sulphate of potash (produced by the double +decomposition) is soluble in water, and does not interfere with the +developing qualities of the solution. + +"The above gives the bright deposit of silver so much admired in Dr. +Diamond's pictures, and will be found to answer equally well either for +positives or negatives. If the nitric acid be omitted, we obtain the +effects of protonitrate of iron prepared in the usual way.--JOHN SPILLER." + +(From the _Photographic Journal_.) + +_Photographs in natural Colours_.--As "N. & Q." numbers among its +correspondents many residents in the United States, I hope you will permit +me to inquire through its columns whether there is really any foundation +for the very startling announcement, in Professor Hunt's _Photography_, of +Mr. Hill of New York having "obtained more than fifty pictures from nature +in all the beauty of native coloration," or whether the statement is, as I +conclude Professor Hunt is inclined to believe, one of those hoaxes in +which many of our transatlantic friends take so much delight. + +MATTER-OF-FACT. + +_Photographs by artificial Lights_.--May I ask for references to any +manuals of photography, or papers in scientific journals, in which are +recorded any experiments that have been made with the view of obtaining +photographs by means of artificial lights? This is, I have no doubt, a +subject of interest to many who, like myself, are busily occupied during +the day, and have only their evenings for scientific pursuits: while it is +obvious, that if such a process can be successfully practised, there are +many objects--such as _prints_, _coins_, _seals_, _objects of natural +history and antiquity_--which might well be copied by it, even though +artificial light should prove far slower in its action than solar light. + +A CLERK. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Vandyke in America_ (Vol. viii., p. 182.).--I would take the liberty of +asking MR. BALCH of Philadelphia whom he means by Col. Hill and Col. Byrd, +"worthies famous in English history, and whose portraits by Vandyke are now +on the James River?" I know of no Col. Hill or Byrd whom Vandyke could +possibly have painted. I should also like to know what proof there is that +the pictures, whomsoever they represent, are by _Vandyke_. MR. BALCH says +that he favours us with this information "_in answer to the query_" (Vol. +vii., p. 38.); but I beg leave to observe that it is by no means "in answer +to the query," which was about an _engraved_ portrait and not _picture_, +and {229} his thus bringing in the Vandykes _a propos de bottes_ makes me a +little curious about their authenticity. + +C. + +_Title wanted--Choirochorographia_ (Vol. viii., p. 151.).--The full title +of the book inquired after is as follows: + + "[Greek: Choirochorographia]: sive, Hoglandiae Descriptio.--Plaudite + _Porcelli Porcorum pigra Propago_ (Eleg. Poet.): Londini, Anno Domini + 1709. Pretium 2^d," 8vo. + +The printer, as appears from the advertisement at the end of the volume, +was Henry Hills. The middle of the title-page is occupied by a coarsely +executed woodcut, representing a boar with barbed instrument in his snout, +and similar instrument on a larger scale under the head, surmounted with +some rude characters, which I read + + "TURX TRVYE BEVIS O HAMTVN." + +The dedication is headed, "Augusto admodum & undiquaq; Spectabili Heroi +Domini H---- S---- Maredydius Caduganus Pymlymmonensis, S.P.D." The entire +work appears to be written in ridicule of Hampshire, and to be intended as +a retaliation for work written by Edward Holdsworth, of Magd. Coll. Oxford, +entitled _Muscipula, sive_ [Greek: kambro-muo-machia], published by the +same printer in the same year, and translated by Dr. Hoadly in the fifth +volume of Dodsley's _Miscellany_, p. 277., edit. 1782. + +Query, Who was the author? and had Holdsworth any farther connexion with +Hampshire than that of having been educated at Winchester School? + +J. F. M. + +_Second Growth of Grass_ (Vol. viii., p. 102.).--R. W. F. of Bath inquires +for other names than "fog," &c. In Sussex we leave "rowens," or "rewens" +(the latter, I believe, a corruption), used for the second growth of grass. + +Halliwell, in his _Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, has +"_Rowens_, after-grass," as a Suffolk word. Bailey gives the word, with a +somewhat different signification; but he has "_Rowen hay_, latter hay," as +a country word. + +WILLIAM FIGG. + + Lewes. + +In Norfolk this is called "aftermath eddish," and "rowans" or "rawins." + +The first term is evidently from the A.-S. _maeth_, mowing or math: +Bosworth's _Dictionary_. Eddish is likewise from the A.-S. _edisc_, +signifying the second growth; it is used by Tusser, _October's Husbandry_, +stanza 4.: + + "Where wheat upon _eddish_ ye mind to bestow, + Let that be the first of the wheat ye do sow." + +_Rawings_ also occurs in Tusser, and in the _Promptorium Parvulorum_, +_rawynhey_ is mentioned. In Bailey's _Dictionary_ it is spelt _rowen_ and +_roughings_: this last form gives the etymology, for _rowe_, as may be seen +in Halliwell, is an old form for _rough_. + +E. G. R. + +I have always heard it called in Northumberland, _fog_; in Norfolk, +_after-math_; in Oxfordshire, I am told, it is _latter-math_. This term is +pure A.-Saxon, _maeth_, the mowing; the former word _fog_, and _eddish_ +also, are to be found in dictionaries, but their derivation is not +satisfactory. + +C. I. R. + +_Snail eating_ (Vol. viii., p. 34).--The beautiful specimens of the large +white snails were brought from Italy by Single-speech Hamilton, a gentleman +of _vertu_ and exquisite taste, and placed in the grounds at Paynes Hill, +and some fine statues likewise. On the change of property, the snails were +dispersed about the country; and many of them were picked up by my +grandfather, who lived at the Grove under Boxhill, near Dorking. They were +found in the hedges about West Humble, and in the grounds of the Grove. I +had this account from my mother; and had once some of the shells, which I +had found when staying in Surrey. + +JULIA R. BOCKETT. + + Southcote Lodge. + +The snails asked after by MR. H. T. RILEY are to be met with near Dorking. +When in that neighbourhood one day in May last, I found two in the hedgerow +on the London road (west side) between Dorking and Box Hill. They are much +larger than the common snail, the shells of a light brown, and the flesh +only slightly tinged with green. I identified them by a description and +drawing given in an excellent book for children, the _Parent's Cabinet_, +which also states that they are to be found about Box Hill. + +G. ROGERS LONG. + +The large white snail (_Helix pomatia_) is found in abundance about Box +Hill in Surrey. It is also plentiful near Stonesfield in Oxfordshire, where +have, at different periods, been discovered considerable remains of Roman +villas; and it has been suggested that this snail was introduced by the +former inhabitants of those villas. + +W. C. TREVELYAN. + + Wallington. + +_Sotades_ (Vol. vii., p. 417.).--Sotades is the supposed inventor of +Palindromic verses (see Mr. Sands' _Specimens of Macaronic Poetry_, p. 5., +1831. His enigma on "Madam" was written by Miss Ritson of Lowestoft). + +S. Z. Z. S. + +_The Letter "h" in "humble"_ (Vol. viii., p. 54).--The question has been +raised by one of your correspondents (and I have not observed any reply +thereto), as to whether it is a peculiarity of Londoners to pronounce the +_h_ in _humble_. If, as a Londoner by birth and residence, I might be +allowed to answer the Query, I should say that {230} the _h_ is never heard +in _humble_, except when the word is pronounced from the pulpit. I believe +it to be one of those, either Oxford or Cambridge, or both, peculiarities, +of which no reasonable explanation can be given. + +I should be glad to hear whether any satisfactory general rule has been +laid down as to when the _h_ should be sounded, and when not. The only rule +which occurs to me is to pronounce it in all words coming to us from the +Celtic "stock," and to pass it unsounded in those which are of Latin +origin. If this rule be admitted, the pronunciation sanctioned by the +pulpit and Mr. Dickens is condemned. + +BENJAMIN DAWSON. + + London. + +_Lord North_ (Vol. vii., p. 317. Vol. viii., p. 184.).--Is M. E. of +Philadelphia laughing at us, when he refers us to a _woodcut_ in some +American pictorial publication on the American Revolution for a true +portraiture of the figure and features of King George III.; different, I +presume, from that which I gave you. His woodcut, he says, is taken "from +an English engraving;" he does not tell us who either painter or engraver +was--but no matter. We have hundreds of portraits by the best hands which +confirm my description, which moreover was the result of personal +observation: for, from the twentieth to the thirtieth years of my life, I +had frequent and close opportunities of approaching his Majesty. I cannot +but express my surprise that "N. & Q." should have given insertion to +anything so absurd--to use the gentlest term--as M. E.'s appeal to his +"woodcut." + +C. + +_Singing Psalms and Politics_ (Vol. viii., p. 56.).--One instance of the +misapplication of psalmody must suggest itself at once to the readers of +"N. & Q.," I mean the melancholy episode in the history of the Martyr King, +thus related by Hume: + + "Another preacher, after reproaching him to his face with his + misgovernment, ordered this Psalm to be sung,-- + + 'Why dost thou, tyrant, boast thyself, + Thy wicked deeds to praise?' + + The king stood up, and called for that Psalm which begins with these + words,-- + + 'Have mercy, Lord, on me, I pray; + For men would me devour.' + + The good-natured audience, in pity to fallen majesty, showed for once + greater deference to the king than to the minister, and sung the psalm + which the former had called for."--_Hume's History of England_, ch. 58. + +W. FRASER. + + Tor-Mohun. + +_Dimidiation by Impalement_ (Vol. vii., p. 630.).--Your correspondent D. P. +concludes his notice on this subject by doubting if any instance of +"Dimidiation by Impalement" can be found since the time of Henry VIII. If +he turn to Anderson's _Diplomata Scotiae_ (p. 164. and 90.), he will find +that Mary Queen of Scots bore the arms of France dimidiated with those of +Scotland from A.D. 1560 to December 1565. This coat she bore as Queen +Dowager of France, from the death of her first husband, the King of France, +until her marriage with Darnley. + +T. H. DE H. + +"_Inter cuncta micans_," &c. (Vol. vi, p. 413.; Vol. vii., p. 510.).--The +following translation is by the Rev. Geo. Greig of Kennington. It preserves +the acrostic and mesostic, though not the telestic, form of the original: + + "In glory rising see the sun, Illustrious orb of day, + Enlightening heaven's wide expanse, Expel night's gloom away. + So light into the darkest soul, JESUS, Thou dost impart, + Uplifting Thy life-giving smiles Upon the deaden'd heart; + Sun Thou of Righteousness Divine, Sole King of Saints Thou art." + +H. T. GRIFFITH. + + Hull. + +_Marriage Service_ (Vol. viii., p. 150.).--I have seen the Rubric carried +out, in this particular, in St. Mary's Church, Kidderminster. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B. A. + +_Widowed Wife_ (Vol. viii., p. 56.).--_Eur. Hec._ 612. "Widowed wife and +wedded maid," occurs in Vanda's prophecy; Sir W. Scott's _The Betrothed_, +ch. xv. + +S. Z. Z. S. + +_Pure_ (Vol. viii., p. 125.).--The use of the word _pure_ pointed out by +OXONIENSIS is nothing new. It is a common provincialism now, and was +formerly good English. Here are two examples from Swift (_Letters_, by +Hawkesworth, vol. iv. 1768, p.21.): + + "Ballygall will be a pure good place for air." + +Ibid. p. 29.: + + "Have you smoakt the Tattler yet? It is much liked, and I think it a + _pure_ one." + +C. MANSFIELD INGLEBY. + + Birmingham. + +"Purely, I thank you," is a common reply of the country folks in this part +when accosted as to their health. I recollect once asking a market-woman +about her son who had been ill, and received for an answer: "Oh he's quite +_fierce_ again, thank you, Sir." Meaning, of course, that he had quite +recovered. + +NORRIS DECK. + + Cambridge. + +_Mrs. Tighe_ (Vol. viii., p. 103.).--"There is a likeness of Mrs. Henry +Tighe, the authoress of 'Psyche,' in the _Ladies' Monthly Museum_ for +February, 1818. It is engraved by J. Hopwood, jun., from a drawing by Miss +Emma Drummond. Underneath the engraving referred to, are the words 'Mrs. +Henry Tighe;' but she is called in {231} the memoir, 'wife of William +Tighe, Esq., M.P. for Wicklow, whose residence is Woodstock, county of +Kilkenny, author of _The Plants_, a poem, 8vo.: published in 1808 and 1811; +and _Statistical Observations on the County of Kilkenny_, 1800. Mrs. Tighe +is described as having had a pleasing person, and a countenance that +indicated melancholy and deep reflection; was amiable in her domestic +relations; had a mind well stored with classic literature; and, with strong +feelings and affections, expressed her thoughts with the nicest +discrimination, and taste the most refined and delicate. Thus endued, it is +to be regretted that Mrs. Tighe should have fallen a victim to a lingering +disease of six years at the premature age of thirty-seven, on March 24, +1810.'--The remainder of the short notice does not throw any additional +light on Mrs. Tighe, or family; but if you, Sir, or the Editor of "N. & Q." +wish, I will cheerfully transcribe it.--I am, Sir, yours in haste, + +VIX. + + "Belfast, Aug. 15." + + [We are indebted for the above reply to the _Dublin Weekly Telegraph_, + which not only does us the honour to quote very freely from our pages, + but always most liberally acknowledges the source from which the + articles so quoted are derived.] + +_Satirical Medal_ (Vol. viii., p. 57.).--I have seen the same medal of Sir +R. Walpole (the latest instance of the mediaeval _hell-mouth_ with which I +am acquainted) bearing on the obverse--"THE GENEROUSE (_sic_) DUKE OF +ARGYLE;" and at the foot--"NO PENTIONS." + +S. Z. Z. S. + +"_They shot him dead at the Nine-Stone Rig_" (Vol. viii., p. 78.).--Your +correspondent the BORDERER will find the fragment of the ballad he is in +search of commencing with the above line, in the second volume of the +_Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border_, p. 114. It is entitled "Barthram's +Dirge," and "was taken down," says Scott, "by Mr. Surtees, from the +recitation of Anne Douglas, an old woman, who weeded his garden." + +Since the death of Mr. Surtees, however, it has been ascertained that this +ballad, as well as "The Death of Featherstonhaugh," and some others in the +same collection, were composed by him and passed off upon Scott as genuine +old Scottish ballads. + +Farther particulars respecting this clever literary imposition are given in +a review of the "Memoir of Robert Surtees," in the _Athenaeum_ of August 7, +1852. + +J. K. R. W. + +_Hendericus du Booys: Helena Leonora de Sieveri_ (Vol. v., p. 370.).--Are +two different portraits of each of these two persons to be found? By no +means. There exists, however, a plate of each, engraved by C. Visscher; but +the first impressions bear the address of E. du Booys, the later that of E. +Cooper. As I am informed by Mr. Bodel Nijenhuis, Hendericus du Booys took +part in the celebrated three-days' fight, Feb. 18, 19, and 20, 1653, +between Blake and Tromp.--From the _Navorscher_. + +M. + +_House-marks, &c_. (Vol. vii., p. 594. Vol. viii., p. 62.).--May I be +allowed to inform MR. COLLYNS that the custom he refers to is by no means +of modern date. Nearly all the cattle which come to Malta from Barbary to +be stall-fed for consumption, or horses to be sold in the garrison, bring +with them their distinguishing marks by which they may be easily known. + +And it may not be out of place to remark, that being one of a party in the +winter of 1830, travelling overland from Smyrna to Ephesus, we reached a +place just before sunset where a roving band of Turcomans had encamped for +the night. On nearing these people we observed that the women were +preparing food for their supper, while the men were employed in branding +with a hot iron, under the camel's upper lip, their own peculiar mark,--a +very necessary precaution, it must be allowed, with people who are so well +known for their pilfering propensities, not only practised on each other, +but also on all those who come within their neighbourhood. Having as +strangers paid our tribute to their great dexterity in their profession, +the circumstance was published at the time, and to this day is not +forgotten. + +W. W. + + Malta. + +"_Qui facit per alium, facit per se_."--In Vol. vii., p. 488., I observe an +attempt to trace the source of the expression, "Qui facit per alium, facit +per se." A few months since I met with the quotation under some such form +as "Qui facit per alium, per se facere videtur," in the preface to a book +on _Surveying_, by Fitzherbert (printed by Berthelet about 1535), where it +is attributed to St. Augustine. As I know of no copy of the works of that +father in these parts (though I heard him quoted last Sunday in the +pulpit), I cannot at present verify the reference. + +J. SLEEDNOT. + + Halifax. + +_Engin-a-verge_ (Vol. vii., p. 619. Vol. viii., p. 65.).--H. C. K. is +mistaken in his conjecture respecting this word, as the following +definition of it will show: + + "_Engins-a-verge_. Ils comprenaient les diverges especes de catapultes, + les pierriers, &c."--Bescherelle, _Dictionnaire National_. + +B. H. C. + +_Campvere, Privileges of_ (Vol viii., p. 89.).--"Jus Gruis liberae." Does +not this mean the privilege of using a crane to raise their goods free of +dues, municipal or fiscal? _Grus_, _grue_, _krahn_, {232} _kraan_, all +mean, in their different languages, crane the bird, and crane the machine. + +J. H. L. + +_Humbug_--_Ambages_ (Vol. viii., p. 64.).--May I be permitted to inform +your correspondent that Mr. May was certainly correct when using the word +"ambages" as an English word in his translation of Lucan. + +In Howell's _Dictionary_, published in London in May 1660, I find it thus +recorded + + "Ambages, or circumstances." + "Full of ambages." + +W. W. + + Malta. + +"_Going to Old Weston_" (Vol. iii., p. 449.).--In turning over the pages of +the third volume of "N. & Q." recently, I stumbled on ARUN'S notice of the +above proverb. It immediately struck me that I had heard it used myself a +few days before, without being conscious at the time of the similarity of +the expression. I was asking an old man, who had been absent from home, +where he had been to? His reply was, "To Old Weston, Sir. You know I must +go there before I die." Knowing that he had relatives living there, I did +not, at the time, notice anything extraordinary in the answer; but, since +reading ARUN'S note, I have made some inquires, and find the saying is a +common one on this (the Northamptonshire) side of Old Weston, as well as in +Huntingdonshire. I have been unable to obtain any explanation of it, but +think the one suggested by your correspondent must be right. One of my +informants (an old woman upwards of seventy) told me she had often heard it +used, and wondered what could be its meaning, when she was a child. + +W. W. + + B---- Rectory, Northamptonshire. + +_Reynolds's Nephew_ (Vol. viii., p. 102.).--I think I can certify A. Z. +that two distinct branches of the Palmer family, the Deans, and another +claiming like kindred to Sir Joshua Reynolds, still exist; from which I +conclude that Sir Joshua had at least two nephews of that name. I regret +that I cannot inform your correspondent as to the authorship of the piece +about which he inquires; but, in the event of A. Z. not receiving a +satisfactory answer to his Query through the medium of our publication, if +he will furnish me with any farther particulars he may possess on the +subject, I shall be happy to try what I can do towards possessing him with +the desired information. + +J. SANSOM. + + Oxford. + +_The Laird of Brodie_ (Vol. viii., p. 103.).--I. H. B. mistakes, I think, +the meaning of the lines. The idea is not that the Laird was less than a +gentleman, but that he was a gentleman of mark; at least, I have never +heard any other interpretation put upon it in Scotland, where the ballad of +"We'll gang nae mair a-roving," is a great favourite. King James is the +_subject_ of the ballad. That merry monarch made many lively escapades, and +on this occasion he personated a beggarman. The damsel, to whom he +successfully paid his addresses, saw through the disguise at first; but +from the king's good acting, when he pretended to be afraid that the dongs +would "rive his meal pokes," she began to think she had been mistaken. Then +she expressed her disgust by saying, that she had thought her lover could +not be anything less than the Laird of Brodie, the highest untitled +gentleman probably in the neighbourhood: implying that she suspected he +might be peer or prince. + +W. C. + +_Mulciber_ (Vol. viii., p. 102).--It may not be a sufficient answer to MR. +WARD'S Query, but I wish to state that there was no "Mayor of Bromigham" +until after the passing of the Reform Bill. I think that it may be inferred +from the extract given below, that the mayor was no more a reality than the +shield which he is said to have wrought: + + "His shield was wrought, if we may credit Fame, + By Mulciber, the Mayor of Bromigham. + A foliage of dissembl'd senna leaves + Grav'd round its brim, the wond'ring sight deceives. + Embost upon its field, a battle stood, + Of leeches spouting hemorrhoidal blood. + The artist too expresst the solemn state, + Of grave physicians at a consult met; + About each symptom how they disagree! + But how unanimous in case of fee! + And whilst one ass-ass-in another plies + With starch'd civilities--the patient dyes." + +N. W. S. + +_Voiding Knife_ (Vol. vi., pp. 150. 280.).--The following quotation from +Leland will throw more light on the ancient custom of _voyding_: + + "In the mean time the server geueth a voyder to the carver, and he doth + _voyde_ into it the trenchers that lyeth under the _knyues_ point, and + so cleanseth the tables cleane."--_Collectanea_, vol. vi. p. 11., "The + Intronization of Nevill." + +Q. + + Bloomsbury. + +_Sir John Vanbrugh_ (Vol. viii., pp. 65. 160.).--Previous to sending you my +Query about the birthplace of Sir John Vanbrugh, I had carefully gone +through the Registers of the Holy Trinity parish, Chester, and had +discovered the baptisms or burials of seven sons and six daughters of Mr. +Giles Vanbrugh duly registered therein. Sir John's name is not included in +the list; therefore, if he was born in Chester, his baptism must have been +registered at one of the many other parish churches of this city. The +registers of St. Peter's Church, a neighbouring parish, have also been +{233} examined, but contain no notice of the baptism of the future knight. +I will, however, continue the chace; and should I eventually fall in with +the object of my search, will give my fellow-labourers the benefit of my +explorations. Mr. Vanbrugh sen. died at Chester, and was buried with +several of his children at Trinity Church, July 19, 1689. + +T. HUGHES. + + Chester. + +_Portrait of Charles I._--The portrait of Charles I. by Vandyke (the +subject of MR. BREEN'S Query, "N. & Q.," Vol. viii., p. 151.) is no less +than the celebrated picture in which the monarch is represented standing, +with his right hand resting on a walking cane, and his left (the arm being +beautifully foreshortened) against his hip; and immediately behind him his +horse is held by an equerry, supposed to be the Marquis of Hamilton. The +picture hangs in the great square room at the Louvre, close on the left +hand of the usual entrance door, and is undoubtedly one of the finest in +that magnificent collection. As a portrait, it is without a rival. It is +well known in this country by the admirable engraving from it, executed in +1782, by Sir Robert Strange. + +The description of this picture in the Catalogue for 1852 _du Musee +Nationale du Louvre_, is as follows:-- + + "Grave par Strange; par Bonnefoy; par Duparc;--Filhol, t. 1. pl. 5. + + "Collection de Louis XV.--Ce tableau, qui a ete execute vers 1635, ne + fut paye a van Dyck que 100 livres sterling. En 1754, il faisait + partie, suivant Descamps, du cabinet du marquis de Lassay. On trouve + cette note dans les memoires secrets de Bachaument," &c. + +Then follows the passage quoted by MR. BREEN. I can find no mention of a +Dubarry among the ancestors of the monarch. + +H. C. K. + +_Burial in an erect Posture_ (Vol. viii., p. 59.).-- + + "Pass, pass, who will yon chantry door, + And through the chink in the fractured floor + Look down, and see a grisly sight, + A vault where the bodies are buried upright; + There face to face and hand lay hand + The Claphams and Mauleverers stand." + Wordsworth, _White Doe of Rylstone_, Canto I., + p. 5., line 17., new edition, 1837. + +See note on line 17 taken from Whitaker's _Craven_: + + "At the east end of the north aisle of Bolton Priory Church is a + chantry belonging to Bethmesley Hall, and a vault where, according to + tradition, the Claphams were buried upright." + +F. W. J. + +_Strut-Stowers and Yeathers or Yadders_ (Vol. viii., p. 148.).--The former +of these words is, I believe, obsolete, or nearly so. It means +bracing-stakes: _strut_, in carpentry, is to _brace_; and _stower_ is a +small kind of stake, as distinguished from the "ten stakes" mentioned in +the legend quoted by MR. COOPER. + +The other word, _Yeather_ or _Yadder_, is yet in use in Northumberland +(vid. Brockett's _Glossary_), and is mentioned by Charlton in his _History +of Whitby_. The legend referred to by MR. COOPER is, I suspect, of modern +origin but Dr. Young, in his _History of Whitby_, vol. i. p. 310., +attributes it to some of the monks of the abbey; on what grounds he does +not say. The records of the abbey contain no allusion to the legend; and no +ancient MS. of it, either in Latin or English, has ever been produced. The +_penny-hedge_ is yearly renewed to this day but it is a service performed +for a different reason than that attributed in the legend. (See Young and +Charlton's histories.) + +F. M. + +The term _strut_ is commonly used by carpenters for a brace or stay. +_Stower_, in Bailey's _Dictionary_, is a stake; Halliwell spells it +_stoure_, and says it is still in use. Forby connects the Norfolk word +_stour_, stiff, inflexible, applied to standing corn, with this word, which +he says is Lowland Scotch, and derives them both from Sui.-G. _stoer_, +stipes. A _yeather_ or _yadder_ seems to be a rod to wattle the stakes +with. In Norfolk, wattling a live fence is called _ethering_ it, which +word, evidently with _yeather_, may be derived from A.-S. _ether_ or +_edor_, a hedge. The barons, therefore, had to drive their stakes +perpendicularly into the sand, to put the strut-stowers diagonally to +enable them to withstand the force of the tide, and finally to wattle them +together with the yeathers. + +E. G. R. + +_Arms of See of York_ (Vol. viii., p. 111.).--It appears that the arms of +the See of York were certainly changed during Wolsey's time, for on the +vaulting of Christ Church Gate, Canterbury, is a shield bearing (in +sculpture) the same arms as those now used by the Metropolitan See of +Canterbury, impaling those of Wolsey, and over the shield a cardinal's hat. +This gateway was built in 1517; yet in the parliament roll of 6th Henry +VIII., 1515, the _keys_ and _crown_ are impaled with the arms of Wolsey as +Archbishop of York (see fac-simile, published by Willement, 4to. Lond. +1829), showing that the alteration was not generally known when the gateway +was built. + +Although the charges on the earlier arms of the See of York were the same +as on that of Canterbury, the colours of their fields differed; for in a +north window of the choir of York Minster is a shield of arms, bearing the +arms of Archbishop Bowett, who held the see from 1407 to 1423, impaled by +the pall and pastoral staff, on a field _gules_. The glass is to all +appearance of the fifteenth century. + +T. WT. + +{234} + +_Leman Family_ (Vol. viii., p. 150.).--Without being able to give a +substantial reply to R. W. L.'s Query, it may assist him to know that Sir +John Leman had but _one_ brother (William), who certainly did not emigrate +from his native land. Sir John died, March 26, 1632, without issue; and was +buried in the chancel of St. Michael, Crooked Lane, London. His elder +brother, William, had five sons; all settled comfortably in England, and +not at all likely to have left their native country. One of the _Heralds' +Visitations_ for the counties of Norfolk or Suffolk would materially assist +your Philadelphian correspondent. + +T. HUGHES. + + Chester + +_Position of Font_ (Vol. vii., p. 149.).--In the church of Milton near +Cambridge, the font is _built into_ the north pier of the chancel arch; and +from the appearance of the masonry, &c., this is evidently the original +position. I have visited some hundreds of churches, and this is the only +instance I have observed of a font in this position. Numerous instances +occur where it is _built into_ the south-western pier of the nave. + +NORRIS DECK. + + Cambridge. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +Our worthy publisher has just issued a volume which will be welcome, for +the excellence of its matter and the beauty of its various illustrations, +to all archaeologists. These _Memoirs illustrative of the History and +Antiquities of Bristol and the Western Counties of Great Britain, and other +Communications made to the Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute +held at Bristol in 1851_, certainly equal in interest and variety any of +their predecessors, and whether as a memorial of their visit to Bristol to +those who attended the meeting, or as a pleasant substitute to those who +did not, will doubtless find a resting-place on the shelf of every member +of the Society whose proceedings they record. + +We cannot better recommend to our readers Dr. Madden's newly published +_Life and Martyrdom of Savonarola, illustrative of the History of Church +and State Connexion_, than by stating that this remarkable man, whom some +Protestants have claimed as of their own creed, while as many Romanists +have rejected him as a heretic, is viewed by Dr. Madden as a monk of +Florence at the close of the fifteenth century, who was of opinion that the +mortal enemy of Christ's gospel in all ages of the world had been mammon; +that simony was the sin against the Holy Ghost; that the interests of +religion were naturally allied with those of liberty; that the Arts were +the handmaids of both, of a Divine origin, and were given to earth for +purposes that tended to spiritualise humanity; and who directed all his +teachings, preachings, and writings to one great object, namely, _the +separation of religion from all worldly influences_. On this theme Dr. +Madden discourses with great learning, and, some few passages excepted, +with great moderation; and the result is a Life of Savonarola, which gives +a far more complete view of his character and his writings than has +heretofore been attempted. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace +of Versailles_, by Lord Mahon, Vol. V. This volume embraces the period +between the early years of George III. and 1774, when Franklin was +dismissed from his office of Deputy Postmaster-General; and, as it includes +the Junius period, gives occasion to Lord Mahon to avow his adherence to +"the Franciscan theory;" while the Appendix contains two letters in support +of the same view,--one from Sir James Macintosh, and one from Mr. +Macaulay.--_Confessions of a Working Man, from the French of Emile +Souvestre_. This interesting narrative, well deserving the attention both +of masters and working men, forms Part XLVIII. of Longman's _Traveller's +Library._--_Remains of Pagan Saxondom, principally from Tumuli in England, +drawn from the Originals:_ described and illustrated by J. Y. Akerman, Part +VI. containing coloured engravings of the size of the originals of Fibulae +and Bullae, from cemeteries in Kent; and Fibulae, Beads, &c. from a grave +near Stamford. + + * * * * * + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + + HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OF NEWBURY. 8vo. 1839. 340 pages. Two Copies. + VANCOUVER'S SURVEY OF HAMPSHIRE. + HEMINGWAY'S HISTORY OF CHESTER. Large Paper. Parts I. and III. + CORRESPONDENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC BIBLE SOCIETY. 8vo. + London, 1813. + ATHENAEUM JOURNAL for 1844. + HOWARD FAMILY, HISTORICAL ANECDOTES OF, by Charles Howard. 1769. 12mo. + TOOKE'S DIVERSON'S OF PURLEY. + NUCES PHILOSOPHICAE, by E. Johnson. + PARADISE LOST. First Edition. + SHARPE'S (Sir Cuthbert) BISHOPRICK GARLAND. 1834. + LASHLEY'S YORK MISCELLANY. 1734. + DIBDIN'S TYPOGRAPHICAL ANTIQUITIES. 4to. Vol. II. + BAYLEY'S LONDINIANA. Vol. II. 1829. + THE SCRIPTURE DOCTRINE OF THE TRINITY JUSTIFIED. 1774. + PARKHURST ON THE DIVINITY OF OUR SAVIOUR. 1787 + BERRIMAN'S SEASONABLE REVIEW OF WHISTON'S DOXOLOGIES. 1719. + ---------- SECOND REVIEW. 1719. + +*** _Correspondents sending Lists of Books Wanted are requested to send +their names_. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES." 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +S. Z. Z. S. _We have a letter for this Correspondent; how shall it be +forwarded?_ + +J. S. G. (Howden) _is thanked for his collection of Proverbial Sayings--all +of which are however, we believe, too well known to justify their +republication in our columns_. + +Y. S. M._ would oblige us by naming the subject of the communications to +which he refers_. + +PHOTOGRAPHY. MR. SISSON_'s communication is unavoidably postponed until our +next Number, in which_ MR. LYTE_'s_ Three New Processes _will also appear_. + +_A few complete sets of_ "NOTES AND QUERIES," Vols. i. _to_ vii., _price +Three Guineas and a Half, may now be had; for which early application is +desirable_. + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. {235} + + * * * * * + + +INDIGESTION, CONSTIPATION, NERVOUSNESS, &c.--BARRY, DU BARRY & CO.'S +HEALTH-RESTORING FOOD for INVALIDS and INFANTS. + + * * * * * + +THE REVALENTA ARABICA FOOD, the only natural, pleasant, and effectual +remedy (without medicine, purging, inconvenience, or expense, as it saves +fifty times its cost in other remedies) for nervous, stomachic, intestinal, +liver and bilious complaints, however deeply rooted, dyspepsia +(indigestion), habitual constipation, diarrhoea, acidity, heartburn, +flatulency, oppression, distension, palpitation, eruption of the skin, +rheumatism, gout, dropsy, sickness at the stomach during pregnancy, at sea, +and under all other circumstances, debility in the aged as well as infants, +fits, spasms, cramps, paralysis, &c. + +_A few out of 50,000 Cures:--_ + + Cure, No. 71, of dyspepsia; from the Right Hon. the Lord Stuart de + Decies:--"I have derived considerable benefits from your Revalenta + Arabica Food, and consider it due to yourselves and the public to + authorise the publication of these lines.--STUART DE DECIES." + + Cure, No. 49,832:--"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, + nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness + at the stomach, and vomitings have been removed by Du Barry's excellent + food.--MARIA JOLLY, Wortham Ling, near Diss, Norfolk." + + Cure, No. 180:--"Twenty-five years' nervousness, constipation, + indigestion, and debility, from which I had suffered great misery, and + which no medicine could remove or relieve, have been effectually cured + by Du Barry's food in a very short time.--W. R. REEVES, Pool Anthony, + Tiverton." + + Cure, No. 4,208:--"Eight years' dyspepsia, nervousness, debility, with + cramps, spasms, and nausea, for which my servant had consulted the + advice of many, have been effectually removed by Du Barry's delicious + food in a very short time. I shall be happy to answer any + inquiries.--REV. JOHN W. FLAVELL, Ridlington Rectory, Norfolk." + +_Dr. Wurzer's Testimonial._ + + "Bonn, July 19. 1852. + + "This light and pleasant Farina is one of the most excellent, + nourishing, and restorative remedies, and supersedes, in many cases, + all kinds of medicines. It is particularly useful in confined habit of + body, as also diarrhoea, bowel complaints, affections of the kidneys + and bladder, such as stone or gravel; inflammatory irritation and cramp + of the urethra, cramp of the kidneys and bladder, strictures, and + hemorrhoids. This really invaluable remedy is employed with the most + satisfactory result, not only in bronchial and pulmonary complaints, + where irritation and pain are to be removed, but also in pulmonary and + bronchial consumption, in which it counteracts effectually the + troublesome cough; and I am enabled with perfect truth to express the + conviction that Du Barry's Revalenta Arabica is adapted to the cure of + incipient hectic complaints and consumption. + + "DR. RUD WURZER. + "Counsel of Medicine, and practical M.D. in Bonn." + +London Agents:--Fortnum, Mason & Co., 182. Piccadilly, purveyors to Her +Majesty the Queen; Hedges & Butler, 155. Regent Street; and through all +respectable grocers, chemists, and medicine venders. In canisters, suitably +packed for all climates, and with full instructions, 1lb. 2s. 9d.; 2lb. 4s. +6d.; 5lb. 11s.; 12lb. 22s.; super-refined, 5lb. 22s.; 10lb. 33s. The 10lb. +and 12lb. carriage free, on receipt of Post-office order.--Barry, Du Barry +Co., 77. Regent Street, London. + +IMPORTANT CAUTION.--Many invalids having been seriously injured by spurious +imitations under closely similar names, such as Ervalenta, Arabaca, and +others, the public will do well to see that each canister bears the name +BARRY, DU BARRY & CO., 77. Regent Street, London, in full, _without which +none is genuine_. + + * * * * * + + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M. P. + G. H. Drew, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. + T. Grissell, Esq. + J. Hunt, Esq. + J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + E. Lucas, Esq. + J. Lys Seager, Esq. + J. B. White, Esq. + J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._ + + W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. 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By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS. + +OTTEWILL'S REGISTERED DOUBLE-BODIED FOLDING CAMERA, is superior to every +other form of Camera, for the Photographic Tourist, from its capability of +Elongation or Contraction to any Focal Adjustment, its extreme Portability, +and its adaptation for taking either Views or Portraits. + +Every Description of Camera, or Slides, Tripod Stands, Printing Frames, +&c., may be obtained at his MANUFACTORY, Charlotte Terrace, Barnsbury Road, +Islington. + +New Inventions, Models, &c., made to order or from Drawings. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, sent free by post. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of ONE HUNDRED different Bedsteads: +also of every description of Bedding, Blankets, and Quilts. And their new +warerooms contain an extensive assortment of Bed-room Furniture, Furniture +Chintzes, Damasks, and Dimities, so as to render their Establishment +complete for the general furnishing of Bed-rooms. + +HEAL & SON, Bedstead and Bedding Manufacturers, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +BANK OF DEPOSIT. + +7. 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Fleet Street. + +{236} + + * * * * * + + +ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORKS + +BY + +JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, + +FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON. + + * * * * * + +AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic, +Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. 1 vol. 8vo., price 15s. cloth, +illustrated by numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of five hundred +objects. + +A NUMISMATIC MANUAL. 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea. + +*** The Plates which illustrate this Volume are upon a novel plan, and +will, at a glance, convey more information regarding the types of Greek, +Roman, and English Coins, than can be obtained by many hours' careful +reading. Instead of fac-simile Engraving being given of that which is +already an enigma to the tyro, the most striking and characteristic +features of the Coin are dissected and placed by themselves, so that the +eye soon becomes familiar with them. + +A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins, from the Earliest +Period to the taking of Rome under Constantine Paleologos. 2 vols. 8vo., +numerous Plates, 30s. + +COINS OF THE ROMANS relating to Britain. 1 vol. 8vo. Second Edition, with +an entirely new set of Plates, price 10s. 6d. + +ANCIENT COINS of CITIES and Princes, Geographically arranged and described, +containing the Coins of Hispania, Gallia, and Britannia, with Plates of +several hundred examples. 1 vol 8vo., price 18s. + +NEW TESTAMENT, Numismatic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions of +the.--Fine paper, numerous Woodcuts from the original Coins in various +Public and Private Collections. 1 vol. 8 vo., price 5s. 6d. + +AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. In 1 vol. fcp. +8vo., with numerous Wood Engravings from the original Coins, price 6s. 6d. +cloth. + + CONTENTS:--Section 1. Origin of Coinage--Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek + Civic Coins. 3. Greek Imperial Coins. 4. Origin of Roman + Coinage--Consular Coins. 5. Roman Imperial Coins. 6. Roman British + Coins. 7. Ancient British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon Coinage. 9. English + Coinage from the Conquest. 10. Scotch Coinage. 11. Coinage of Ireland. + 12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13. Continental Money in the Middle Ages. 14. + Various Representatives of Coinage. 15. Forgeries in Ancient and Modern + Times. 16. Table of Prices of English Coins realised at Public Sales. + +TRADESMEN'S TOKENS, struck in London and its Vicinity, from the year 1618 +to 1672 inclusive. Described from the Originals in the Collection of the +British Museum, &c. 15s. + +REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England. Publishing +in 4to., in Numbers, at 2s. 6d. With coloured Plates. + +A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in Wiltshire. 12mo., 3s. + +THE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE is published Quarterly. Price 3s. 6d. each Number. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. + + * * * * * + + +TO ALL WHO HAVE FARMS OR GARDENS. + +THE GARDENER'S CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. + +(The Horticultural Part edited by PROF. LINDLEY,) + +Of Saturday, August 27, contains Articles on + + Agapanth, diseased + Agriculture, history of Scottish + Agricultural statistics + Allotment gardens, by Mr. Bailey + Apple trees, cider + Arrowroot, Portland, by Mr. Groves + Berberry blight + Books noticed + Calendar, horticultural + ---- agricultural + Cartridge, Captain Norton's + Cattle, Tortworth sale of + Chrysanthemum, culture of + Crayons for writing on glass, by M. Brunnquell + Crickets, traps for + Crops, returns respecting the state of + Dahlias, new + Eschscholtzia californica + Forest, New + Garden allotments, by Mr. Bailey + Glass, writing on, by M. Brunnquell + Gunnersbury Park + Hollyhocks, new + India, vegetable substances used in, for producing intoxication, by Dr. + Gibson + Leaves, variegated, by M. 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Smith + + * * * * * + +THE GARDENER'S CHRONICLE and AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE contains, in addition to +the above, the Covent Garden, Mark Lane, Smithfield, and Liverpool prices, +with returns from Potato, Hop, Hay, Coal, Timber, Bark, Wool, and Seed +Markets, and a _complete Newspaper, with a condensed account of all the +transactions of the week_. + +ORDER of any Newsvender. OFFICE for Advertisements, 5. Upper Wellington +Street, Covent Garden, London. + + * * * * * + + +PERSIAN BOOKS AND MANUSCRIPTS. + +FIRDOUSI'S SHAH NAMEH, by MURAN, 4 vols. royal 8vo., Calcutta, 1809, hlf. +calf, neat, 6l. 16s.--Timur Namah, Persian MS., folio, yellow morocco +extra, 5l. 5s.--Ferheng Jehangiry, with the Chattmeh, Persian MS., 2vols. +folio, calf, 3l. 3s.--Nizami's Works, a Superb Persian MS., stout folio, +red morocco, 16l.--Sold by + +BERNARD QUARITCH, Oriental Bookseller, 16. Castle Street, Leicester Square. + +*** B. Q.'s Catalogue of Books in all the Languages of the World is +published Monthly, and is sent Gratis on Receipt of 12 Postage Stamps. + + * * * * * + + +DAGUERROTYPE MATERIALS.--Plates, Cases, Passepartoutes, Best and Cheapest. +To be had in great variety at + +M^cMILLAN's Wholesale Depot, 132. Fleet Street. + +Price List Gratis. + + * * * * * + + +8vo., price 21s. + +SOME ACCOUNT of DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE in ENGLAND, from the Conquest to the +end of the Thirteenth Century, with numerous Illustrations of Existing +Remains from Original Drawings. By T. HUDSON TURNER. + + "What Horace Walpole attempted, and what Sir Charles Lock Eastlake has + done for oil-painting--elucidated its history and traced its progress + in England by means of the records of expenses and mandates of the + successive Sovereigns of the realm--Mr. Hudson Turner has now achieved + for Domestic Architecture in this century during the twelfth and + thirteenth centuries."--_Architect._ + + "The writer of the present volume ranks among the most intelligent of + the craft, and a careful perusal of its contents will convince the + reader of the enormous amount of labour bestowed on its minutest + details as well as the discriminating judgement presiding over the + general arrangement."--_Morning Chronicle._ + + "The book of which the title is given above is one of the very few + attempts that have been made in this country to treat this interesting + subject in anything more than a superficial manner. + + "Mr. Turner exhibits much learning and research, and he has + consequently laid before the reader much interesting information. It is + a book that was wanted, and that affords us some relief from the mass + of works on Ecclesiastical Architecture with which of late years we + have been deluged. + + "The work is well illustrated throughout with wood-engravings of the + more interesting remains, and will prove a valuable addition to the + antiquary's library."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "It is as a text-book on the social comforts and condition of the + Squires and Gentry of England during the twelfth and thirteenth + centuries, that the leading value of Mr. Turner's present publication + will be found to consist. + + "Turner's handsomely-printed volume is profusely illustrated with + careful woodcuts of all important existing remains, made from drawings + by Mr. Blore and Mr. Twopeny."--_Athenaeum._ + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, price 21s. uniform with the above, + +THE DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. Vol. II.--THE FOURTEENTH +CENTURY. By the Editor of "The Glossary of Architecture." + +This volume is issued on the plan adopted by the late Mr. Hudson Turner in +the previous volume: viz., collecting matter relating to Domestic buildings +of the period, from cotemporary records, and applying the information so +acquired to the existing remains. + +Not only does the volume contain much curious information both as to the +buildings and manners and customs of the time, but it is also hoped that +the large collection of careful Engravings of the finest examples will +prove as serviceable to the profession and their employers in building +mansions, as the Glossary was found to be in building churches. + +The Text is interspersed throughout with numerous woodcuts. + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experiences. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, September +3, 1853. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +page 215, "MONUMENTAL INSCRIPTION IN PETERBOROUGH CATHEDRAL.": +'PETERBOROUH' in original. + +page 216, "In this dilemma": 'dilemna' in original. + +page 221, "from the ninth to the twelfth centuries": spurious 'in' before +'from' in original. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 201, +September 3, 1853, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 23023.txt or 23023.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/3/0/2/23023/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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